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JUI^Y 23, l8l2,'- ^ # '*« • BEING THE DAY APPOINTED BV &s l-HE GOVERNOR. O? .MASS ACHUJirrTS > • • ffo*- • •\ CASTING AND PRAipR, .. ,.^ ■ ' Oli ACCOWJI'fOf TJH^ '-jiii WifH GREAT'BRITAIN. • ••. • . By SAMUEL WALKER, ■ fASTOR Of THE'SECOND CHURCH INMJ^NVF.ftS, . <• • .• • ' • ^-'^r^H ' SALEM : TRJKTEP 3Y JOSHUA CLSIKNO. 181,2. ' *f 7^^ \v I .%\. • • • » '"J ' • ••' ♦»:••• <*••* if •■ . • . . ^ ..... V I 0- ¥ ' f t t I 1^ \-\-a.A"=^ jLm < IMS l« ') c 1 • » W <• • # 4 • J" » I 1 • » . ■} \ AST DISCOURSE, ■ . ■ -I "m •-) \ < •( •••••«••••!•••• occafion iferved a' f days we frcumftafl- fld the judg- [ty years, we .^v Fathers and Brethren, PVER did we affemble in this houfe k the prefent. Though we have anup: iy of folemn fafting and prayer, yet on ^te found ourfelves, and our country, « I of peace and profperity. We have H ■tents of Heaven only afar off. For t\™_ . . - l^e gazed with aftoniflihient upon t^enes of ^e- llation in Europe. We have feen yf governments l^r^nS/her dties pUxndered^ndfrnt, her ngh^ • ^^rtie; trampled under foot, he^^ . , war, and her Mds covered ^blood. But m ci«emplating thefe fcenes£^i|# convi^^^ ^ere fecure from thoffUPeSFwith which God . , . ^mnger, was vifitirig ti!?Ea(lern World, was fome .^ • • IiI^JB&^iM^ vcmm- This conviaion arofe pzvtr.. ■ wlvdPP^WPation from the theatre of war.; . - . • ; and partly from abelff, that neither our intereft,^;nclU- . • . . nation o/hoAor would require us ^«.^"g^Se;n a con . teft, which has fpread diftrefs and rum over fo large a ^ . • portion of the world. But alas 1 how have we been .. . .^ ^ difappointed ! Our rulers have plunged us into war, .. ;. •.-. fKuntry is called t6 arms, and we ar. now a ^:, ... Y . tVin ttiat conteft, which haS convulfed the worlM^^•^,:. .' .-•. C jioliftied tropes, and marked its progrefs yith^l^H^.^" •;•...;:.',•:•••. .| ry and blood. , • ..','"' /r ^'*fX'*Jp • ' '"^^ • • I Though a ^ar may fometirttes be^neceflary, .to de- ...^ ... ^. v | fend the lives and liberties of a people, none,W r- h-t . « •■ a . ■kMriM 3HBw^''' ^ m i thofe who are deftitutc of all moral pmiciple, and all regard for the beft good of their country, will ever diialver tokens of joy at fuch an event. ^ is a frown heaven on any nation, and ihouwfte regarded md and folemn call to weeping s^ mourning. Is the moft diftrcffing of all tcmpo ^ co mities, the war in which we are engaged is attHBd with iftances peculiarly painful. It was u»«fce(6led. g^|K part of the people in thefe NortheMfcates could ill^jbelieve the government would apKl arms, unt^he melancholy tidings were of is war has been declared, againft tl that portion of the people, who from foreign aggreflion. It has U e when an unuiual number of our ur councils, and our country, loftilities with the nation from whi< has for many ages ably "_ " ion we. profefs, aj the corruptions of pop5!^)iPthe one hand, a^pvne aflaults of infidelity on the otlifir, and whofe in fpreading the gofpel, and ^mumi mmmi ■ tv,vxiv«, it has been the glory of our coSKry to imitate. We have fome reafon alfo to apprehend an alliance with that nation, which has fhown herfelf the enemy of Li- berty, of Juftice, and true Religion ; whofe influence is poifon, whofe friendftiip would be death, Impreffed with thefe confiderations, what reafon have we for fafting and prayer ! After a declaration of war againft Great-Britain was announced^ the pub- lic mind was much agitated, and no intimation hav- ing been given of a National Faft, our excellent Go- vernor, at the requeft of the Houfe of Reprefenta- tives, and by advice of his Council, appointed this nounced. neral voi fufFefed place at zens, and are thrown hazard. O ration to ma to en lure a tention perva are engaged in we defcended, tained and fupp fp3j «M , and all vill ever a frown egarded )urning. mities. with aed. ates to i\ in- Porld, te. We ice with ny of Li- influencc t reafon claration the pub- ion hav- llent Go- prefenta- ited this c^Kn • "'^ day for publicfffing and prayer throughout the Com- monwealtn. . /•l My bretMpi^ the duty is important and fol and who w^&egleft it, that fears God, and love country ? Whatever may be our profeffions c tachment t#the land that gave us birth, if we no difpoMon to look to Heaven for affiftance^ lime djiptional calamity, our patriotifm is na than jmtding hrafs and a tinkling cymbal, ^ mobs, and fiery zeal, will only heighten th#»iger of •"^ n i_„i__ i-^re God a that has inviclion, procur- and by we niuft ur fms and If Joel, lid paffage well Heaven againft us. We mull bring heart deeply affefted with the awful calai flBen on our country, and under a folemi ^ our iniquities tejlify againji us, and arej caufe of all our troubles, in whatevein itever means they are brought upon mble ourfelves before God, confeffii| ffliploring his mercy. In the prophej ftapter, 1 2th and 1 3th verfes, there ited to the prefent occafion. ', faith the Lord, turn ye even to''%f ivith all your 'art, and with fajiing, and w^^Mping, and with mrning ; and rend yo^r Jt^jgff fmnot your garments, ' turn unto the Lord y^f^oTfor he is gracious and mei^ul, Jlow to anger, and of great kindnefs, and re- This eamtft calf to repentance, fading and prayer, was given to Judah, at a time when their country was in imminent danger. Their fms had provoked the difpleafure of Heaven, and God was about to vilit them with defolating judgments. By a vaft multi- tude of locufts coming on the land, darkening the heavens by their immenfe fwarms, and fpreading terror and defolation through the country, is reprefented the invafion of the Chaldean army, and the diftrefs and ruin which would attend it. Read the eleven firft verfes of this chapter, and you will find an awful, but faithful pidure of the calamities of war 5 a pic- msmmummmmmiaBti I II ntcnance to tui^, wliicli Kiay well caufe every turn p^s^ and every heart to quake, view of this approaching judgm t to do ? Were they to refign thi sre of their deflroyers ? or roulk ely for protedion on an arm of Ji|i ? Either (fe meafures alone would have cvincinl a degree what was 'elves to the forces. eir )idity of of ment nation fervent fu judgment or of bei In t of this tance and or removi manner ir. Sin is the man will que iniquity by a bring upon t brethren, I fet exhorted you and atheifm, deferviog fevereffcaftife- 'he Lord by his prophet called upon tHpvhole iturn to him by failing, and wee{a%, and ition, as the only means of averting the ich were hanging over the country, ered from their fatal eflPefts. , i fcouxfe, I ftiall mention fome of the -im ihew that turning to the Lord by repeg ^r is the principal means of nreventii^ national calamities, and point out tJ^ ch this duty is to be difcharged. of all fuffering. This fentiment ; yet how few are reft rained froni iideration of the miferies they ma| country ! On our annual fall, you the fins of this nation, 0od by repentance prayer. I warned you tlR j^ments were prcpaMng for us, and that if we went odM our fniquid^ God would vifit us for thefe things, %ii*iNliiiliii!Sroul on fuch a nation as this.. We are a people laden with iniquity. This land has* been greatly profpered, and we have become opulent and powerful. Perhaps no nation was ever laid under higher obligations to God, .than the people of thefe United gtatcs. But how un- grateful have we been ! How many and how provok- ing are our fins ! No part of our country is fo mo- ral, and attentive to chriftian inftitutions, as New- England. Yet what crying fins prevail among us ! What abundant caufe for fafting and prayer do we fee among ourfelves ! And if this be the moft moral part of the country, what ftiall we fay of the reft . \ \ lance to 'hat was es to the r forces. Either a degree •aftife- w^hole >ii%, and rting the country, ■ the fini >y repeal'" jventii^ : out ti d. ^ iment ii| ned fioi hey maj fall, tion, _ mce Ad 3rcpwng li^God ItouI on den with 'red, and srhaps no 5 to God, how un- 7 provok- is fo mo- , as New- nong us ! er do wc oft moral the reft! Take a furvc^ the morals of the people tlirotigll the Union, and Ice what unnumbered crimes p rgfent thcmfelves m^lfifcw. How do intemperance, pro%i^ ty, lying aiflander abound 1 What extravag,-— and luxury, J^at criminal diverfions and ple^i prevail in fcfpr of our opulent towns ! And wha norance aui cardcffnefs in refped to the doarines duties of religion every where abound ! DeiMpd infideliif have madc'inroads upon us, and mamMdore the glimmering light of reafon, and defpif|d#e Sun of Ridlteoufnefs. Thefe are marks o^a degene- rate people. How far are people from bdfc humbled under the frowns of Heaven 1 Multitu«iot only neglea the duties of chriftianity, but whoJWi^^erlook a fuperintending Providtnce •, and eve " of the United States lately fpent the chriftian fabbath i'- ednefs prevails in ' ^? every good citizet for the defence of . unft it. Thefe en '4 »>r» Senate of the s. Wick- e duty of who are fet eir teftimony .mg public bui s ; and it '!:ially of to bear ^ i provolljkd Heaven, and iftrefs ind darknefs have come upo^fcir land. Our c%meice, one great fourcc of ou^fcUh, is cut off, and we are threatened with m«ie€Kous difafters. The Lord of Hofts is tile ftfpreme governor of the world ; to him belong all the kingdoms of men. It is his prer«|jj^ to |bal with nations, to blefs or punifli themin this tife as he may determine. He has appointed a day in which he will judge the world in righteoufnefs, when every individual will receive according to the deeds done in the body. But as na- tions will not fubfift In a civil capacity in another worM, they can be puniflied only in this life. In the prefent ftate, there are many relations between the different members of fociety. They receive many mercies in common with one another, and there arc many fins, which prevail through the community, which ijre properly national fins. And when a peo- ple have caft off the fear of God, aad corrupted them* «* -"■ t fo they" and iY^ nient wit to do ? prevent the Lor, tion. pentancc deliverance xnents of H* felvd* it is the ufual method of Prov^ce to chaftiftf or deftroy them. Nations are gencSlIy threatened, U|>re they are puniflied. The voice uf Providence dSares to them, that judgments areMreparing for -^^ that all who underiland the figafof the times know what they ought to do. l^n therefore louds of divine anger hang over ai||[^eople, or Terious calamity has aftually cnmc i^ ^anthem, know their fins have reached up t5?leaven. Lord of Hofts is about to enter into judg- ,eui. In fuch a fituation, what are i^eople ' ;xt teaches them. They cannot hope to r*nove their afflidions, unlefs they turn to h all their hearts by fading ana fupplica- lents are the punilhment of fin, and i%- prayer are the appointed means to obtain •om them. For many yeafs the judff- iiiciiLa ui xA^en have been hanging over this land ; but we have&ot turned unto God, and hence they h'ave come do^, upon us in one general and dift^ef- fing calamity. ^We are now loudly called upon td turn to the L(^tt, by fading and prayer. Thefe arj the means, whi^ alone can encourage us that ou- ' fliaions will be riiigtted or removed. The divine conducT: ^#wi|ds individuals and na- tions is regulated by the fame principles. All men are finners. A plan of mercy hasten 4mM and pub- lifhta to the world, by which eVery penitent may be pardoned, and exempted from the punifhment due to fin. Every finner, who now exercifes repentance to- wards God, and faith in our Lord Jefus Chrift, and makes fupplication for mercy, is gracioufly forgiven, and made an heir of eternal IJfe. In like manner, vrhen a goodly number in a guilty nation repent and t irn to God by falling and prayer, the Lord repents of the evil he had thought to do to that people. ^ He is as ready to pardon a guilty nation, as a guilty indi- vidual. The Lord is flow to anger, of great kwidnels, and delights in mercy, o cliaftiftf reatened, ovidence aring for the times therefore people, or them, aven. judg- eople >t hope to ;y turn to L fupplica- 1, and re- ; to obtain the judg- this land; ence they id dift^ef- i upon t rhefe arj at our s and na- il men are and pub- nt may be ent due to ntance to- ^hrift, and forgiven, e manner, •epent and rd repents sople. He ;uilty indi- t kiudnefs. leading anc^^er is the old eftablifixed way of ob- taining help from God. This appears fro.ii the fa^ cred hiftory. In the reign of Jeholhaphat, many hca- then nations formed a league againft Judah, colleaeci a great army, and were in full march for Jerufalem. The king w^ greatly troubled, and let himlclf t^eek the Lord. He proclaimed a fail: th^-oughout all J*i\» and the people gathered themfelves to afk help^pod. The king himfelf took the lead in the pubhcjpmni- ties, and earneftly befought the proteaiou gfWeaven- The people feemed, with one hc' »■ to unite with their king. Their prayer was heard? neaven, and they ob- tained an eafy viftory over their combinediDes. When the fame country was threatened with the judgments ot Heaven in the time of Jofiah, that pious king fet him- felf to feck the x.ord God of his fathers. He abohflied jdolatry, and ufed every means to etfef^a reformation through the land. In this good work he was in fome mcafure fuccefsful, and the anger of Heaven was turn- ed awav from them for a feafon. When Jonah was fent to preach to the great city of Nineveh, and to cry aeainft it, that in forty days Nineveh fliould be over- thrown ; the people believed God, ,and proclaimed a faft, and put on fackcloth, from the greateft unto the leaft of them. Eveti the king took off his robe, covered himfelf with fackcloth, and fat in afhes. He commanded every man to turn from his evil way ; for faid he. Who can tell if God will turn and repent a?id tunt away from his fierce anger, that we perijh not ? And God Caw their works, that the^ turned from their -'-nl li-ay, a^d God repented of the evil that he had faid thai he would do unto them, and he did it not. In thefe inftances, recorded for our example and en- couragement, you fee how appoaching judgments were turned away from a guilty people. Prayer and fafting were the principal means of obtaining exemp- tion from threatening calamities. When an indivi- dual affaults us, we may refill or flee j but wh^n God undertakes to deal with us, fhall we tnink to Uand B 1 4U W M BTPM iJPIlK-Ul'SV* 1(5 before Omnipotence ? We can nelttet deliver our- felves out of his hand, nor efcape his righteous ven- geance. We can only flee for refuge to his infinite mercy. When God undertakes to deal with a nation, he will overcome ; he will either humble or deftroy. Obftinate impenitence under the frowns of Heaven^ therefore, only prolongs mifery. It heightens the an- ger ol^feaven, and turns chaftifements into extermi- natin^judgments. Jehokh is on a mercy feat ; he waits to be gracious, and in wrath remembers mercy. He will hear the cry of repentance and faith ; he will never caft away thofe who4aft themfelves upon his mercy. Hear what God fays : / will be unto Ephraim as a lion ; / will take away, and none Jhall refcue ; I will ^ and re- turn to my place, till they acknowledge thetr offence, and feek my face ; ik their affliaion they will feek me early. Again : Ifrael, return unto the Lord thy God, pr thou hafi fallen by thine iniquity. The Lord Ihews them in what manner they muft return, and then adds, I will heci their backjliding, I will love them freely, for mine anger is turned away from him. And what can be more in point than the words of my text ? Now, faith the Lord, turn ye even to me with all your heart, and with falling, and weeping, and mourning, and rend your hearts, ^and not your garments, and turn unto the Lord your God, for he is gracious and merciful, Jlow to anger, and of S^reat kindpefs, and repenteth him of the evil. Hence you lee that the means by which national calamities have been removed is a turning to God by repentance and earneft fupplication -, and that God encourages us with the hope of acceptance if we thus return to him. It is not enough that a few individuals turn from their fins, and fupplicate the throne of ^race. Many mult ferioufly engage in the bufinefs ot reformation, and be earneft in their prayers for the lalvation ot their country. . , But it is neceflary I fhould point out the manner in which we mull- return to God. This is clearly mark^ ■. \ ^\ 11 ^ ^er our- us ven- infinite nation, deftroy. Heaven^ \ the an- sxtermi- jracious, hear the ift away r. Hear a lion ; / and re- '?nce, and me early. God, fir d Ihews ind then em freely y what can ; ? Nowy heart, and rend your Lordyour <-er, and of lence you ities have tance and js us with 1 him. It rom their any muft tion, and 1 of their manner in irly mark- ed in my text. Now, faith the Lord, turn ye C'ven to me with all your heart, and wiih fajiing, and with weep- ing, and with mourning ; and rend your hearts, and not your garments, to turn to the Lord u ith all the heart implies a reparation from all idols, a renunciation of every fin, and fincerity in oppofition to all hypocriti- cal fervice. Many in the time of trouble will difcox er fome marks of humility and concern ; they may be anxious that God would remove their afilidiojis : but their hearts may be unafFeded ; they may ftill cleave • to their idols. And while their hearts are unbroken for fin, the great purpofe for which afflictipns are fent is not anfwered. Though fuch people may faft and pray, they are neither penitent nor humble. Hence God addrefles them in this manner : When ye come to appear before me, who hath required this at your hands, to tread my courts ? Bring no more vain oblations ; incenje is an abomination unto me ; when ye fpread forth your hands, I will hide mine eyes from you ; yea, when ye make many prayers, I will not, hear. Wajh you, make you clean, put away the evil of your doings from bcfire mine eyes ; ceafe to do evil, learn to do welL Now inftead of offering to God mere lip fervice, we muft return to him with all our hearts. We muft be filled with felf abafe- ment and felf abhorrence, with godly forrow and un- feigned contrition ; our hearts muft be broken off from fin. With unfeigned fubmiflion to the righ- teoufnefs of God, we muft earncftly fupplicate the par- don of our fins and the fins of this nation. This fliould be accompanied with fafting, and other tokens of humiliation. To abftain from food, fo far as health and circumftances will allow, is a fuitable acknow- ledgement that we have forfeited our moft common mercies ; it is fome proof alfo that we are fo deeply engaged in our religious fervices, that we cannot fuf- ter the leaft interruption, not fo much as to eat and to drink. In this way we ought to fubmit to the chaf- tifemcnt of a righteous Providence, and to crucify the £e£h with it« alSdlons and lufts. 1 I i 12 If we be fuitably afFe6led with our own fins, and the fins of this land, we fhall turn to the Lord with that forrow, which worketh repentance unto falvation, not to be repented of. Outward expreffions of forrow will not fuffice ; we muft rend our hearts in deep con- trition and felf abafement, firmly believing there is no hope or help for us but in the unmerited mercy of God. In this duty all the people in this land, both in private and public life^ ought to engage. We are requir- ed to return, to God with fading, and weeping, and mourning. What exprefilons of forrow and contri- tion ! Ani will not Judah and Nineveh rile up in the Judgment day and condemn us, if we refufe to repent and return to God ? They repented, when they were ferioufly threatened with the anger of Heaven, and made fupplicationfor mercy. Their example encourages us, and nothing but obfl:inate impenitence will hinder any from returning to God. O ! my brethren, be af- Jlided, and mourn and iveep ; let your laughter be turned into mourning, and your joy into heavinefs. Humble your* fel-ves in the fight of the Lord, a?id he will raife you^ up. Join earnefl; prayer with your repentance and fafi:ing, and cry to God for your country, that peace and prot perity may be refi:ored to thefe United States. To encourage you in this duty, I would obferve, that we have fome reafon to think Heaven will regard our fupplications, and fhorten the period of our trou- bles, 'i hree States unite in fading and prayer this day. The thirtieth of the prefent month is fet apart for this important purpofe in the States of New-York and Pennfylvania, and a day is appointed for the whole Union to engage in fupplicating Heaven in be- half of our common country. Multitudes undoubted- ly will wholly negled, and even tic/pife, thefe reli- gious exerciles, and others only prevaricate with God ; yet may we not hope that a large number will faft and pray, and afflid tjieir fouls ? Our country con- tains many thoufands of real chrifiiians, who will hum- ble themlelv^s and intercede with Ood that his anger ^3t 13 >i 5, and the Adth that Ltion,not f forrow ieep con- lere is no mercy of d, both in re requir- Ding, and d contri- up in the to repent they were iveri, and icourages ill hinder vtT\^be af-' be turned 'mble your* fe you up, d fafting, and prof- >• [ obferve, all regard our trou- rayer this fet apart ^ew-York d for the /en in be- ndoubted- Lhefe reli- vith God ; r will faft mtry con- will hum- his anger may be turned away from us. On thefe days of faft- ing and prayer they will publicly honor God and reli- gion, afcribe righteoufnefs to their Maker in bringing calamities upon us, confefs before him all their fins, and renouncing dependence on an arm of flefh, alk help from heaven. When a nation under any heavy judgment perfifts in its wickednefs, its doom ap- proaches. But when a guilty people condemn them- felves, juftify the Lord, and look up to heaven for help, their meafure of iniquity is not full, mercy is in ftore for them. Did not God prolong his patience towards Ahab, merely becaufe of his external humiliation ? In the reformation which took place in the time of Joli- ah, multitudes turned to the Lord only in appearance, yet his anger was turned av/ay from them for a feafon. Had Sodom contained but ten righteous perfons, that corrupt city had been fpared. And will not God fpare this great nation ? will he not hear the prayers that are offered, and fave his heritage from reproach ? O let us fearch ourfelves, and try our ways, and turn un- to the Lord. Sin is a reproach to any people ; righte- oufnefs exalteth a nation. Let us call to mind our own fms, and the fins of this land, and humble ourfelves for them before God. Let us unite with our repen- tance and fafting, earneft prayer to God for our coun- try. Let us pray that the calamity that has come up- on us may humble the people, and be overruled for their good. J^ow therefore^ faith the Lord, Turn ye even to me with all your heart, and with fafting, and with weeping, and with mourning, and rend your heart, and not your garments, and turn unto the Lord your God, for he is gracious and merciful, ftow to anger, and of great kindnefsy and repenteth him of the evil. Amen. 4 y>' DISCOURSE OCCASIOHEO BY TH» IFAR WITH GREAT'BRITAW. James iv. i. ^ Whence come wars and fightings among you> Come they not hence, even of your lujis, that war in your members I War is the fcourge of man. the inftrument of de- folation and death. It has been raging in our world in almoft every age. Ever fmce Cam arofe againft his brother, and ihed his righteous blood, tnj earth has been a field of battle, and men have been the deltroy- ers of one another. The mournful and rumous et- feds of war have been felt among all nations. What is the hiftory of the world, but an affeaing account ot contefts, of maffacres, of wafting fieges and bloody I battles? , t 4 :*. This great calamity havmg come upon our land, it is fuitable we Ihould refled on the evils it produces, and inquire whence it comes. Among all the judg- ments, with which God in his righteous providence has vifited our guilty world, no one is fo much to be deprecated as war. What wretchednefs and milery has it occafioned ! How many have fallen by the hand of the afTaffin I How many flourifhing cities have been plundered and burnt 1 How many populous countries laid wafte I How m.any thoufand milhons of the human race has the fword of war devoured . The facred hiftory gives an account of one battle m wBch twelve hundred thoufand men were engaged ; and that one of the armies loft, in a fingle day, five hundred thoufand chofen men. This is the greatcft ibughter in one engagement of which we have an account, buctt ^ 't msmmmmmmmmtmlm 16 «• an event muft clothe a natidn in mourning. Many hundred thousand have been llain in battle and cut off by thofe calamities which war produces, w-thm the laft twenty years. The nations of Europe have enjoyed but fhort hnervals of peace. Blood has been almoft con- ftantlv Sr, on the land and on the fea. More than am lion of rSJn are now in arm. on the continent of E^pe • and Great-Britain has lix hundred and forty fhoufand men in her army and navy. 1^= inftju- ments of war have become as <=°'"7"' f "^ "jf °X as neceffary, as the implements of l>»/band y. Men are trained up to the art of war; they are taught from early life the ikilful ufe of cannons, of guns and of fwordl; and when they h-e been long fam.har with thefe inftruments, they engage m war a. tncy would in a lawful and regular bufanels. Tf one man rifes againft another and takes away hxs lifp whatever may be the provocation, he i» a mur- derer and every hiart is filled with horror at the deed But kings and'nations may declare -- f-^^^^K nrovrirafion fend out their armies, and deltroy tnou Lds of nn'ocent men, and all is right i" tjieir own eyes The rulers of this world feem to confider hem fdves the fovereign difpofers of mankind ; that they have authority over the lives and property of men, and can at their pleafure commiffion others with au- ?hority to plunder and deftroy the human race. They WaU-e robbery and murder, in every form m which tlly can be perpetrated, and think to walh their hands and fay! m an free from the blood of all men. "'cruel a^d ambitif wars have been wed Europe in our days, and what fcenes of defolat.on and wretchednefs have we beheld ! But the blood which IS Ihed and the diftreis and terror which are produced, are f=": »f^^f ''^^^£„t effects of war on the morals of fociety. I'e*™'-"^^' famine and fires tend to reform ratherthan to cor rnnt mankind ; but war turns men into ferociou, iSsrand teaches them to delight ia blood and car- 17 ;. Many nd cut off" in the laft ijoyed but moft con- More than ntinent of and forty- he inftru- •e thought hy. Men ire taught guns and ig familiar ar as they ;s away his ; is a mur- t the deed, or the leall ftroy thou- their own fider them- ; that they ty of men, irs with au- race. They m in which wafti their ' of all men. m waged in folation and diftrefs and lis, than the Peftilencc, han to cor- ,to ferocious ood and car« .\ naffc. War tends to extinguifli in the human l^ft every fentiment of compaffion and tendernefs, and af- ter a little experience in this bufmcfs, people can Iport with thofe fcenes, which once would have filled them with diftrefs and forrow. . , r • Thefe confiderations force on our mmds the im- portant queftion, Whence come wars and JighUngs ? What powerful caufe throws the world into difor- der, and fpreads mifery and death over the earth ? To this inquiry my text furnifties an anfwer -.Wars - and fightings come from the lufts of men. 1 his is the fource of every war which has ever been waged under heaven. All divifions, contentions, and mur- ders, all little quarrels, as well as terrible wars, have one common origin, the ungovernable lufts of men. This teaches us why men difcover fo little fympathy for thofe who fufFer from war ; why they hear ot thoufands flain in battle with unconcern; • By luft is intended that corrupt principle, which na- turally prevails in the hearts of men ; it is an exceflive cravinff after the pleafures, the riches and honors ot the world. This propenfity to idolize the world pro- duces all thofe vices and enormities with which the world abounds. Says James, E'very man ts tempted when he is drawn away of his own lujl and enticed. When luji hath conceived, it bringeth forth fin, and fin when it tsfi-; nilhedbringeth forth death. Man is a fallen creature. Del^ titute of any conformity to the law of rectitude, and abandoned to the controul of ungovernable appetites and paflions, he breaks through all reftramts to obtain the obieds of his defire. People luft after a forbidden obiea'then purpofe the gratification of their defire, and outward tranfgreffion is the natural confequence. In this way all outward fm is committed ; and fin when it is finiflied bringeth forth death as its legitimate fruit. Here is the origin of all the evils which pre- vail through the world. Te lufl and have not, ye kill, and defire to have, and cannot obtain. Te fight and war, yet ye have not, becaufe ye afk mu Thefe remarks were .ii.^, ■ -.c. 'A~.ft.'' vTwr^-wr-' oSivlv adapted to the circumftances of the Jcwj, K me thU epiftle was written. They were di- V ded into parties, which were f"riof Y P^V^S "^°? one another. Every conviaion of duty, and pnnci- rie of equ'ty , were ibppreffed ; the rage of angry paC Cns Zcid the voke of confcience and reaton Thev eae'-rly coveted honor, and riches, and power. Fachcartv wiflied to accompliih its own purpofes, S pSent increafed its violence, f J J- /- excited, and they imbrued the.r hands « ^h^r nagh bors' blood. No crime was too heinous for th«n .o commi when goaded on by their headftrong paffions. Now aU this difturbance and fighting proceeded from *f hive defined luft as a general principle ; the fcnp- tiires diftincuifli it into two branches, /«/Zi ofthejtep, ^ZfTmind- The former include all unclean de- fires and all intemperance in eating and drinking; b^ the latter are mLt pride, covetoufnefs envy and unbelief. Thefe lufts are denominated ««^?:orf/y, becaulc hey continually influence men to renounce their alle- .riince to God, and trample on his law. 1 hey are S,^nfti^aed by Satan, and liken men to um l^S^are dcct.lful, becaufe they induce people to tl«^k their happinefs confifts in their gratification. Ihey T^ hurtful, becaufe they eventually pierce men through with many forrows, wafte their conftitution, and drown them in perdition. , The luft of riches, of popularity, and powe., has defiroved the peace of man in every age,and kept the tor 7in a Hate of turmoil. The fire of luft yet burn, wi h increafing fury, the world is m commot^n, and ceace and friendly intercourfe among he nations is Tot L be expected fo long as thefe ungovernable paf- fions predominate in the hearts of men. To what crimes does not the avaricious flnrft ot riches ura-e men ? Deceit and falfehood, oppreflion and fraud,Tlftice and theft, robbery and murder, ate y,r.A;o-<3'Vo trrntifv the luft of wealth. 19 «., e Jews, /ere di- ig upon I princi- gry paf- realbn. I power, urpofes, war was ir neigh- them to paflions. led from the fcrip- 'thejiejh, clean de- rinking ; envy and r, becaufe their alle- They are 1 to him. z to think n. They a through tion, and ower, has d kept the : yet burns otion, and nations is rnable paf- is thirft of irefllon and lurder, ai;e The defire of fame, of that honor which cometh . from men, will difpofe people to endure fatigue, ett> counter danger and death, pracliib every fpecies ot fraud and corruption, and even drench nations in blood. , . , , • • One man has no natural right to dominion over another. But urged hy the lull of power, he will rilk his life, and deftroy the reputation, comfort and hap- pinefs of thoulands. How much blood and treaiure have been wafted by individuals, that they might have dominion over men ! Thofe who have been accounted great men— the Alexanders, and Caefars, and Napo- leons whom the world have confented to honor, have been indeed the deftroyers of mankind, public robbers and murderers, whofe names ought to go dovvn to pofterity loaded wich infamy. They have been bhnd- ed and infatuated by the luft of apple afe and power. The principles of juftice between individuals and nations are not difficult to be underftood, and might be amicably fettled, were it not for the luft of wealth and power. And when nations cannot fettle their clafliing claims, they refort to arms, and fpread ter- ror and death through extenlive regions, that they may gratify their violent paffions. Thefe lufts, which occafion fo much difturbance and mifery in the world, war in our members. War hrit begins in the human breaft ; here is its centre, the feat of its influence. Men luft after many objeds which interfere with one another. Hence the evil pro- penfities of the heart mutiny, they raife an inteltine war, they prey upon the foul, and fill the mind with difquietude and confufion. The minds of men not unfrequently refemble a contentious family, or a neighborhood where divifion and ftrife prevaiL Con- fcience and luft, reafon and appetite, fet them at van- ance with themfelves. " One luft wars againft ano- ther, as all cannot be gratified, and each will ftrive tor the maftery." Divifions and quarrels in families, in neighborhoods, and nations, arife from the iame fource. *.--^m^f V ^ I 20 i' !! The proud and avaricious lufts of men interfere, broils, ^Htmofities and fightings enfue, and fociety is turned into the very image of hell. " Were the fire of luft within but quenched, thefe flames would immediately CO out. But a depravcd.heart, like an unruly tongue, fets on fire the courfe of nature, and is itfelf fet on fire of hell. When thefc lufts inflame the hearts ot public charaaers, of kings and magiftrates, they let the world in a blaze ; and if the people are fired with the fame paffions, they only add fuel to increale the flame.'^ Thus you fee, my brethren, that all the perfecutions, the maflacres, the cruel and bloody wars, which have haraflbd the church, difturbed fociety, and fpread mifery and death over the earth, have proceeded troni the lufts of men. Man having caft off" the fear ot Cod, and rejeded the only rule of duty, a holt ot evil paflions deftroy his peace, and raifc a war in his ioul. One member of his corrupt nature wars againft ano- ther, and that in its turn prevails, and is gratified. This is the cafe with all the unnumbered milhons ot men, excepting only thofe whofe hearts have been re- newed by the grace of God. Hence we need not wonder at the awful crimes which have abounded m every age of the world ; we need not wonder at the robberies and murders which have been conimitted, the miferies and tortures which have been inflicted, the fcenes of confufion and defolation which have been multiplied and fpread over the earth. As long as the voice of reafon and juftice is overpowered by the noife of contending paflions and clafliing interefts, this world wiU be a place of divifion, tumult and war. Having elucidated my text, I would caU your atten- tion to fome reflcdions fuited to the circumftances of the times. I. The prevalence of wars and fightings is an af- feeing proof of human depravity. The inftruments of death, which men have flcilfufly ^^V^^U, aiiU liiU iaVtl^C \V«iiS, v.iiAvAA Ai^vw WW** Tr.-^^,, :, broils, turned : of luft ediatcly tongue, : fet on learts of they fet red with •eafe the Ecutions, iich have d fpread led from ! fear of >ft of evil L his foul, linft ano- gratified. illions of 2 been re- need not unded in der at the )mmitted, I inflicted, lich have As long 3wered by 5 interefts, t and war. our atten- nftances of s is an af- ve IkilfuUy WV4A ■»" •■•K'^'n 21 in civilized as well as heathen nations, arc a moft con- vincing proof, that man is a fallen creature, the flaw of imperious paflions, and the very child of the devil. Could devils themfelvcs be engaged m more horrid work, than torturing and butchering the human race ? People of one common origin, ot the lame language, religion and manners, like wolves and bears deftroyinff one another I Could innocent beings be aduated by fuch dreadful paffions, and tear one ano- ther in pieces? Can it be fuppofed fuch creatures We the Lord their God with all their heart, and their neighbors as themfelves ? Would love to God and man turn people into ferocious beafts, and mtlame them with infernal paffions ? Could holy beings en- crage in the dreadful work of tonure and murder ? No, my brethren ; by their fruits ye fhaU know them. Did the love of God reign in the hearts of the children of men, an end would fpeedily be put to fuch fcenes of cruelty and death. This world of confufion and war would be converted into a paradife, a region ot peace and univerfal benevolence.^ Do not the ftrength of human luft, and the early period m which children appear to be under its influence, prove that man is born in fin, that he is the child of wrath, the fervant of unriffhteoufnefs ? In contemplating thefe proofs of human depravity, can we forbear to exclaim. Lord, what is man ! Fallen from his primitive ftate of in- nocence and dignity, he is funk below the very beafts. How has the gold become dim, and the moji fine gold change ed ' Standing in the midft of a bleeding world, be- holding the wafte that fin has fpread around us, w. neffinff the tears of widows and orphans, and hearing the gfoans of the dying, let us mourn over the ruins ofthenobleft workof God. , ,o r II. All war originating from the lufts ot men, muft be wholly unjuftifiable. ^ n .- Thefe lufts, which produce divifion,and fightings, are direftly contrary to the law of God, an open vio- lation of the two great commandmeuts on whigb. 1 1 hanff all the law and the prophets. They arc at vari- ance too with every precept of the gofpel. Ali the ftreams from a corrupt fountain muft be of the lame quaUty with the fountain. Wars and fightings, com- ing as they do from the lufts of men, muft be repug- nant to ihe precepts of our holy religion. One na- tion canuot wage war againft another without wa- King war alfo againft the precepts of the go^P/. ^nd fctting at defiance the commandment of God, Thou /halt tiot kill, , „ ' n rr r ^ Thefc remarks are direded wholly againft #«>^ ^var, which one nation wages againft another, and carries on by offenfive ac^ls, by invading the territory, or by feizing the property, of the citizens of the other nation. The cafe is far different withrefpea to de- fenfive war, in which a nation when aifailed conhnes itfelf ftriclly to defenfive meafures, without commit- ting any ac^ts of offence. A war can never be defen- five on both fides. For if two nations fhould conhne themfclves wholly to meafures of defence, no aggrel- fions would take place, and in that cal^e there would be no war. But a war may be, and it generally is, offenfive on both fides j for each party ads with the dciign " to fee which Ihall do the other the moft harm An offenfive >vur . nnot be juftified upon any mo- ral or chriftian principles, or indeed upon any princi- ples which are not fubverlive of al peace and order in fociety. Such a war can be waged only f^^"^ f^ ^^^^f of pride and ambition, or to gratify a fenfe of honor. Though kings and conquerors may ofiFer many pleas to iuftify fuch a ftep, no- man can advocate an otlen- five war, who forms his principles and regulates his conduct by the holy fcriptures. But a defenfive war is iuft ; it is unavoidable, and therefore necefiary. ^ An individual, if attacked by an enemy, whofe aim is to take his life, has a right to defend himfelf. 1 he fame right exifts in a nation. : at vari- Ali the the fame igs, com- be repug- One na- hiout wa- 3fpel, and iod, Thou [t offenfive >ther, and territory, the other zdi to de- i confines t commit- be defen- Id confine no aggref- ere would :nerally is, s with the the moft [1 any mo- my princi- id order in m motives of honor, nany pleas e an ofFen- gulates his •enfive war jfiary. An I aim is to The fame 23 It IS important, my brethren, that we (hould un- derftand the charader of the w?r in which this nation is now engaged ; and from the obfervations I have made, you need not be at a lofs to determine this point. The charader of the ivar is offenfive, tt was not nece/fary ; hence it is unju/i. The war is declared on our part, and is carried on by offenfive ads upon the property and perfons of individuals. Great Britain indeed was fir/i in the tranfgreffion. She has trefpal- fed upon our rights, and committed depredations upon our property, when going to and returning from the ports of her enemy. But can this juftify a fyftem ot indifcriminate plunder agaiiift all her fubjeds • Some of the Indian tribes charge th^ United States with unjuftly taking from them their lands, and thus diminifhing the fource of their fubfiftence. And how d-y *hcy feek redrefs ? They fally down upon our thinly fettled frontiers, and avenge themfelves upon a few innocent families, by plunder and murder. Ad- mitting their complaints are reafonable, who will jul- tify them in fuch meafures for redrefs ? Who does not view fuch deeds with indignation and horror ? But mark the fimilarity between our conduft and theirs, Great-Britain has taken our property, and excluded our velTels from the ports of her enemy ; and how do we feck redrefs ? Our privateers fally out from our ports, and feize upon the few Britifli n.erchantmen that a're on our coalt, who are no more chargeable with the ads of the government, than the crimes of the pope. While failing on the feas, the common highv^a/ of nations, in purluit of a living for themfelves and families, tiieir property is forcibly taken from theni ; and if they attempt to defend it, their blood is fpilt. Where is the difference between taking away the hfe of an unoffending man on board his veffel upon the feas, and deftroying the life of a peaceable citizen in his dwelling on the land ? Our mode of obtaining redrefs indeed is not marked with fuch inhumanity \ ' 54 charaaerizcs tlie condud of Indians ; but is not the two cafes the fame ? _e my duty to bear public teftimony a- gainftThe" demoralizing pradice of privateering. Even Siould the war be deemed neceiTary, by fome, this mode of carrying it on does not admit of juftification. This is a fpecies of war which is waged againft inno- cence and juftice ; it is an invafion of the rights of in- dividuals, given them, not by human laws, but by that God, whofe the earth is, and the fulnefs thereof. It can- not have any effed upon the policy of a great nation, and therefore it is ufelefs as the means of obtaining luftice from the nation that has injured us. Indeed, {he pradice of furprifing and plundering individuals on the fea, is of fuch a charac1:er as ought not to be pal- liated or excufed. It is legalized t)iracy. And it is the duty of every good citizen to endeavor to diicounte- nance and fupprefs it. r t. /^ i r-^ Will any one plead the authority of the General Go- vernment, as a juRification of the pradice ? Let it be remembered, that the laws of Congrefs are not para- mount to the laws of God. Their authority does not alter the moral charader of any adion. ^ Congreis, howev. r, do not require any to engage in this buiinels ; they onlv sirant permiffion to thofe who wifti to carry on this kind of warfare. I am not therefore pleading againft any law of Congrefs, in condemning the prac- tice of privateering. , . r u We are not to fuppofe that a declaration of war ab- folves us from all obligation to obey the rules and pre- cents of the gofpel. We are bound to love God with all our hearts, and our ndghbors as ourfelvcs, to re- fpeft their perfons and property, and in every htuation to do to others as we Jhould zvifi they Jhould do to us. Be- fore we engage in any fpecies of warfare, vj^ ought fcrioufly to inquire, whether the war be necrjfary^ and iu/i ; whether we can engage in it with a conlcience void of offence, both towards God and towards man ; whether wc can afiiit in me war^ auu ou^^ tx^e ^.^ vv>,^..-. 25 is not the imony a- ng. Even ime, this lification. inft inno- ;hts of in- Lit by that '. It can- at nation, obtaining Indeed, idividuals : to be pal- id it is the dilbounte- jneral Go- Let it be ; not para- Y does not Congrefs, s bufinefs ; h to carry e pleading r the prac- of war ab- ;s and pre- God with ^cs, to re- y lituation 1 io lis. Be- , we ought icrffary and confcience mrds man ; of the gofpel— cherifh that meek and benevolent tem« per, which alone can fit us to live, or to die. We read in Judges, And the children of Ifrael inquired of the Lord, faying. Shall I go out to battle againjl the chil- dren of Benjamin, my brother ? The children of Ifrael wifhed to know whether it was lawful for them to go to war with the children of Benjamin. They brought the great, and folemn queftion before God, and wait- ed for an anfwer from him. They feem to have doubt- ed the juftice of fuch a ftep, becaufe the children of Ben- jamin were their brethren. The queftion of war with Creat-Britain we fliould bring to the bar of confcience, and determine by the word of God. Before we take any part in the prefent war, we ought to a(k whether we ought to go out to battle againft our brethren. We defcended from England, both nations fpeak one language, profefs the fame religion, and are generally of the lame cuftoms and manners. Will it not be pre- fumption to a(k for the bleffing of Heaven on our arms, till we have fatisfied ourfelves in a lawful man- ner, that the war is hoi\\ juft and neceffary ? ^ III. From the ravages of war, and the mifenes of the world, our attention is naturally turned to the gof- pel of Jefus Thrift, as the only fource of light and comfort. This is the only means of reforming the world, and difpofing either individuals or nations to do juftly and to love mercy. The chriftian religion is peace on earth, and good will to men. To put an end to wars and fightings, the gofpel aims to remov : their caufe. It aims to renew our hearts, to mortify our lufts, and difpofe us tc He holy in all manner of con- verfation. How highly Jiould we prize the fcriptures ! How glorious does God appear in raifing men from the depths of fin and mifery, in renewing them after his own image, and in infpiring them with fentiments of peace and love ! Can a chriftian delight in war, or engage in plundering the property and deftroying the lives of mankind ? Will he not be difpofed toaflift in promoting the peace and falvation of his fellow men ? ' t «. 26 m / 'K'f %■ I E i I ir iM-j I i ill Viii!.- : s How does the benevolent heart rejoice in the cer- How does tne ^^^ righteoufnefs ■K^teTi^toi^p^^^^^^^^ r, one may fit -^e^ ^^^ J^^^^^^^^^ Ktan be tlipre fhall be none to moieit mm . x u^" n-u-^ri. Inund tha^^^^ may deceive the nations no more, Chrilt bounajtnai: iic uio^ mrhulent world will be will reio-n on earth, and this turDuiem. \vui Sed are i they that put their truft in him. Amen. II' I n- . •! % «« cer- fnefs IhaU eve- and in be thrift ill be Then fhall fliall deftly ofpel, king- jdom, people 1 is an ferve ^. \ >«« f > .^. t-%ji. *••-» •X fo de- eaven. ig, are 1, who od. If ttering render to the L blood. be at ; perifti a little. i2-» o 4 A;