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Tous les autres exemplaires originaux sont filmds en commengant par la premidre page qui comporte une empreinte d'impression ou d'illustration et en terminant par la dernidre page qui comporte une telle empreinte. Un des symboles suivants apparaitra sur la dernidre image de cheque microfiche, selon le cas: le symbole — »► signifie "A SUIVRE ", le symbole V signifie "FIN". Les cartes, planches, tableaux, etc., peuvent Stre film^s d des taux de reduction diff^rents. Lorsque le document est trop grand pour dtre reproduit en un seul clich6, il est film6 d partir de Tangle supdrieur gauche, de gauche d droite, et de haut en bas, en prenant le nombre d'images ndcessaire. Les diagrammes suivants illustrent la mdthode. 1 2 3 1 2 3 4 5 6 I! 'i m ^/ THE FUTURE RELATIONS OP THE English-Speaking Communities. AN ESSAY BEAD BEFOHK THE ELEVENTH CONVENTION OF THE North America St. George's Union, AT CHICAGO, AuKH8tSO»18S4, BY CHARLES F. BENJAMIN, OP WASHINGTON, D. G. WASHINGTON, P. C. GIBSON BROTH EH8, PKINTEIIS. 1884. -i^- \ :\ ^ S^#C-| "Kv'n now we hoar with inward strife "A motion toiliug in the gloom— "The Spirit of the years to come "Yearning to mix himself with Life." "A Hlow-develop'd strength awaits • "C!ompletion in a painful scliool ; "Phantoms of other forms of rnle, "New Majesties of mighty vStates --" "The warders of the growing hour, "But vague in vapour, hard to mark; " And round them sea and air are dark "With great contrivances of Power." - -Tennyson. rilE FUTUliE RELATIONS OF THE English-Speaking Communities. Bv the phi'HHt! " Eii.iflisli-Hpoaking' commnnitieH " is meant that ^a-oup of poHtical societu's. having;- thoii- Hcats in tho British Isles, North America, Anstralasia, and South Africa, which has for a connnon inheritance the language, literature, laws, and habitudes popularly described as Anglo-Saxon. Of the whole number of individuals cmistituting the group more than one-half are em- bodied in a single connnimity, occupying an extensive and com- pact territory, exercising sovereignty in its political affairs, con- sciously restricting its couuuercial intercourse with the other members of the group according to its view of what is con- ducive to its industrial dev(^lopinent. and having a strong senti- mental attachment for what, in default of a better generical terra, we may call Anglo-Saxonism. although its characteristics are no- ticeably moditicd fi-om the ideal Anglo-Saxon type by extensive admixture with other race elenu'uts, as well as by influences due to contact with the vast and originally savage domain wherein it has spent the two centuries and more of its existence. Nearly one-tenth of the mi'mbers of this connnunity are of negro descent, but these, having been for nearly 'JOG years domesticated with the most Saxon-like portion of the white! inhabitants, exert no diverg- ing influence upon such Anglo-Saxon tendencies as are current among the donunant race. Bordering upon thts United States is another member of the family, similarly possessed of an ample and (contiguous territory, exercising political independence without formal sovereignty, pur- suing somewhat h^ss rigidly a like connnercial policy, having a more active sense of t\w family unity, less affec^ted by the presence of Teutonic and Celtic elements of population ; but, on the other s^ If 5I rial oxt„,t,. ayricultu , ! "• 'i'"';'"';'' "'""'""^- "" '" '<'"'"- »omeof the,: I,, ,"';'"" ''"." "'-K-i-tion a,„l, „„ to conuected with th„ „ ti e t rib '" ?« r'* «™™ '''■"'*■»« In South Africa a™ vo Ih '" *'''^' '"'™ ""in'hnied. w-e ,.,.„ ,„.,.rt™:; : : r;::™"^^ -■'-<' over „ pohtical concerns harinir a !! .■ T ' ' """ ''"""■''> '" "'eir trioo«, progressive, and e„te J" ^,; t „ ™''"',">'' l'"''' ""'"»- tionwhereiu tradition and fao b Si H 'T'"'""' °''^'"""'- each other in a nndtitnde „f IT ""''' "' ''""»<• ™«8 and the despair :;' ttltrt: .'I ^ "ihT "'" r'""™"™ family has a domestic ,,ue„tion of the «1 ■ T """"'""■ "' "'« ■of a snb-co„„a„„it,v Ln^ri^Zl^'Z'''"''''''''''''^^'''"^' auee, discontent, resentment an t? 1 ''"'"''''♦™" V"'-'"^}- ignor- a'thou,,, there is gre^lT mc it 'i "th!. T '^' T™"' """ pared with earlier days, a variety ne 'T'"' "" '•'""" aggravate the mischief , ha, re' nain, '""""'''•"■""' '«'" "sen to lion, except tlmt the i».rpnf i I ^^^'"'^'' '*" "^^» adiuinistra- others bni the ^iiJz s^ :,:rrit::rf'''-:™'- "« ""> with a large expenditure in tl'ie nLinl ! c ^ r!:,"' 1^'"'T' and these relations arp nJ.niff ii '^'^^ •^"tioot. 1 his status the elements of T^ZJ^Im T'^'fT"- ""' '"'™ ""■'• ever,.ontc,„ with the c' , 1 ?;""''','' '"' ''■'"""'"^' ""' <"'- appearance of depe 1, ,^; ":":'''■'••. *"■'■"'' - 't is by the tion in the existiL ',.,.,! ^""; ,' f" '" " »™ti,„ental satisfac- -ntiment count for m^'h.u : """"■ ™"""-^' '""' """ experience and by tL «it 1^ I'" T "" '"'""■ ''^^ """■-»'" gestion of a ehangeC J 'e :,„;:'''' ''"'" ['"' ,'" '"" """" »■"^'■ --■--stfederate:i:irc^r;s::i:^r::::^^^^^^^ HI 8 In those days, every iivemic to powor and diHtinftion must be open to lier sons in a liritiHh confederation, or she nuiHt endow them with satiHlyin^r careers in other (hreetionH. It cannot be that her statesmen will forever rest content with those minor honors which iu the sovereign state are deemed the appropriate rewards of suc- {^essful tradesmen, nmnicdpal zealots, and the useful but incon- spicuous functionaries of a court or a ministry. Nor, on the other hand, will the central government perpetually charge itself with the defence of Canada and her interests without an effective voice in the direction of her affairs and a substantial contribution in aid of imperial expenditure. And the case will be the same, in both aspects, with regard to Australia and South Africa, though prob- ably not so soon. What, then, are to be the relations of the future ? Columbia (using for the nonce the popular term of personification for the United States) will assuredly continue her indei)endent career, largely occui.ying herself in the reformation of her generally inefficient and too often corrupt municipalities, exchanging waste- fulness for economy in her modes of cultivation, gradually adapt- ing her social structure to the needs of a population ever growing in density and culture, and in time emancipating herself from that servile devotion to the almighty dollar which lies at the root of the anomalous and reproachful discontent so widely spread amongst masses that are really free, intelligent and prosperous. Manifest destiny will be accomplished by the extension of her boundaries to the isthmus of Darien, (a movement foreshadowed by the ])eace- ful invasion of Mexico progressing before our eyes,) and this will result from the inevitable logic of events, without violence, cun- ning, or premeditation. Nor will this great exi)ansion seriously or permanently affect the fundamental institutions of the country ; for, in lieu of standing armies ami arbitrary governments, the pio- neers and adventurers of the movement will carry with them those I)olitical habits out of which local government, directed by law and devoted to order, spontaneously arises whensoever and whereso- ever but a handful of English-speaking and English-thinking men find themselves projected beyond the frontier of theii- accustomed civilization. ( 'anada, grown too large for pi-esent bonds and yet clinging to a tie that is all the stronger for holding by the heart rather than I ill Hio lioad, will (lonl)t!(>sH ,l,,iiv r,... i •. ••'■ f-'-K, „.,,;' , ;;;;:"'■ "■"■ -p'-i'"" -i...n,o„ """""» i" th,. i,„i,i, , :' " "''" '""-I'l" '!"• f"".iiv„f ""t ti„. »,„.iui ,11,,.,. „f ,, V '"■ i":r"' '"''"™' 'i'"""- liKl't" of tl>„.s,. ,„t,„. , ," '"'"'''■ '■""-l'l'"-.l H .■ ;, t„ M„. "...1 "v..-„.,.,.|,i,„. ,,„"■'""' ""'■'■ ■- wl,i,.h ,..,.„.„„„„„t »»ki„K ti,„, s„iv,. " , ... , "";',"' '"" •'"'""'"'■"' '"• '""'-1 bo iihlo to iviii(.„il)«.r uj*i, ^ 1 -A -''^^«" now, thcviimv "....OS......... ,u.,. ,",; , 't-" ; ;; : ":^'"'' v "■■"■ • - .•■■....»' of H„utht.,.|v ext,,,si„„ i,;.,, ■ " '•'".".'■.■l.»..'«. to »..|„.„„.» «...vc..v. ■n„.v :\ ;;"'''■;':";''.''''' '""''""'"■' -" •^'■■■"■".. wl.ole,„.e„ of- ,1, r , .,, '"T" '"' "'""■ •'"■ J"-otio„„f the -.1 1-,,,., have. ,„. ,: 't:,. : .f'^- r. ";- '^■"«- - .be bonk.,- sl,o„l,l ,v„,k ,','""."'""""•"■'"■"'...■'... ov,.,. »l.o.,t,u,t.o„«Iv, if e,v,.,. i, ," """■'""'■' ."..(.' .l....'.v<.,I, «i]l,.„,u„ 'i.o»o «h„ »,;..„,, i, ,,,."""■ ;;'"■" /""■ "..-.".. .•"..vi,.ii«„ of ™>.fe,,„.a„„„ ,„o.fc,,_,, „„„„,„';";: ''"■"'■""^™. «"«>. ....»'. ... .. ■ ' ' f sn.-lo Htq), nn.l with this fnrihvv oxcoptio,,, tliat tho H-at, of na- tional Kovornnumt will always n,,min in AuHtmlia, altl.on^.h the rq.ul. he iH .lostin.xl to sprea.l over the ^vvniov part of Oroanica. lar oKl Mother at home, after her children, all -rown to manhood, shall have started in life, for them- selves ? Will her ^.lory or her fortune be dimmed, or her natural torce abated f Confi.lently may <^o forth the answer : She will be no whit the less active, or happy, or fIourishin^^ That practical sagacity which has never failed her at a c-risis (except in that one m.huppy moment when she lost America) will teach her when and how to win and hold to her side (just as Canada and Australia have 111 part won and held for her) the masses of that generous In.t .'motional people who have not yet been permitted to learn that Anglo-Saxon energy and slnvwdness have their counterparts II. Anglo-SaX(m justice and geiu-n.sity. And wh.-n law anul ,.H>ralH have uHually l.orne pradi.-al fruit .,f u fi. whi,.h we are l.u.king f.nwanl th. H.nall '""'/•'•''•<■*'>'••; «Jo..bly pHMiouH heritaK'e of lan.l in Uritain will Ih, ''m.h. t<. yu.lcl its nrnxinnuu ..f vsHliu-in^^ l,y enmnnpatinK it from thoHe renumntH of th. f..ulal Hysten. an.l habit that still obstruct Its ree use and transf.-r. l>ubli<. spnit will b. strengthen...! bv tho institution ol provincial assemblies to legislate upon local concerns an, flu-Kreat purlian.cnt thus r.-scue.! from the paralvsis that is ""•I'-n-.n.inn- it. The national ...er^Mes, too much .-aptivate.! at tuyes by the soun.l of the .hum beat that r.>lls aroun.i the world, will be hereafter in.-reasin.rly .levot.ul to bettering the c.m.liti.m of every member of the p..pulation at home and every foot of the native soil. And why shouM they not ! The see.ls .if AnLrl.,-Sax- onism. grown in the small island gar.len, have been ..arrie.l ..ver hearth, plante,! in kimlly soil ami have taken str.,ng r.,ot, so hut n...ther wiml. n..r rain, n.)r frost, nor heat .-an .1,. them uught but go..,l lH.r.>aft..r. an.l th.- husbun.lm..., mav w.,11 turn for a time to improving the fruitful bods and bor.lers that hav.. so enriched the terrestrial 2)artH of the universe. S.-Hted upon the ocean and incapable of territorial expansion, b.)th .ir.-umstan.-e an.] necessity will combine to preserve to the Motlu.rlan.l h.-r suprema.-y in manufa.'tures and navigation, for the r..st ..f the family have t.,.) wi.l.. a range of phice and fun.ai.,n to concentrate, f.,r .-enturies yet. uj.on th..s.. tw.) in.lustries as she can and must an.l will do. Thus, tlmugh her populati.m will m..r., and more hll her boun.ls, it will continu.- to tin.l better stamlin-.- room and a larg.'r field of action, and any who may long f.^- .-haiige will always hav.- a br.)a.l choL-e in migration, without the sense or pain of exile, The historical monuments an.l m.Muories .)f England will for- ever .'onstitute her a shrine to which unceasing pilgrimages fr.»iu the newer Englands will be nia.le. She will long pr...s,.rv., her throne, her hereditary legislature and her stately ancestral homes, an.l tho influence of ancient names will long survive ; but all of these in .n'derly subor.lination to whatsoever shall, at any time, be ' Hiimll bin will bo 1^ it from I (»I>Htni<'t <'(! by the coiK'm'iis iH that is iviitrtl Jit Ih' world, condition ot of the iiglo-Sux- ried over f root, so 'in might )r u time enriched pansion, to the tion, for function ss UH she t'ill nior