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Les diagrammes suivants illustrent la mdthode. 1 2 3 1 2 3 4 5 6 MICROCOPY RESOLUTION TEST CHART (ANSI ond ISO TEST CHART No 2) ^ APPLIED IfvHGE '653 East Main Sireel Rochesler, New York 14609 USA (^6) 482 - 0300 - Phone (7161 2S8 - sgflQ - F.,, Jo Do Doc comp ONTARIO BOUNDAIUES BEFOUB PRIVY COUNCIL, isa-i. CONTEXTS. Joint Ai.b.s„,x op DocuME.vrs . No. „. v.or.. I'llex Dicroto 1—723 Aid ti 113 and Corrections 723—780 Docu.>«.VTsi.uT,.vo.VTHKPAi,TOKO.vrAKio: ' 781-789 ApiK'u.lix of the Province Ill li'x til. roto 1— ICO Additions and Corrections 161—183 Supplement to Appendix of Ontario 183-185 Corrections 2 103 Momoranduni on Acquisition of Tciitory. . . 129 Corrections 1 jq Huds ns Bay Company's M-uiorial of 1750 (full texti '"-^^ Documents on thk part op Manitoba : 1- 5 Append X of (hat Provinc ■ Supplemental Appendix 1-54 Corrections ... 56—134 Extract from OreenlioWs Hi.tory of Oregon and'ca'ilWnia ''''-"O Extract from Report of Committee of United States Congress ^~ "^ E .tract from Career's Traves (appended to the for.,oin ") 1- 2 The above-mention, d Documents, tc. tiler with,. prt„,- m ", 2 li' gn the f rivM (toimdl IN THE MATTER OF THE BOUNDARY BETWEEN THE PROVINCES OF ONTARIO AND MANITOBA, IN THE DOMINION OF CANADA. BETWEEN THE PROVINCE OF ONTARIO. OF THE ONE PART, AND THE PROVINCE OF MANITOBA, OF THE OTHER PART ' JOINT APPENDIX OF DOCUMENTS. tl^ CONTENTS. Paqbs of I. Reference by the Provinces to the Privy Council ^^^^' II. The Arbitration . . u III. Canadian Docunients prior to* the surrender of the Hudson's Bay Company's claims jj IV. Negotiations and other proceeding.s between Canada and Ontario after the Company's surrender [y V. Imperial Statutes and Acts of State VI. Treaties and Conventions VII VII. Hud.son's Bay Company's Rights and Claims viii VIII. Other English Documents IX. French Rights and Claims X. French Official Descriptions of Boundaries xi XI. Judicial Proceedings * ° xn XII. Miscellaneous Pages or Book. 1-6 7-168 159-323 32r>-34! 341-451 453-551 553-595 597-61.S 619-646 647-657 659-691 693-721 u Joint AppaNinx, CONTENTS. I. REFERENCE TO THE PRIVY COUNCIL OF THE SPECFAL CASE UETWEKN THE TWO IMWVINCES. 3. •^'•'t'itcs,.f()„tari...indManitol.n„ftliGS..«»i„M8of 1H84 ^ 4. OHor in Cuticil (Manit.ibiO, :U Daccml)i'r, 188:) * «:Sxt;::::;:i;t;;rtsz:;;'™ir''""''"''"'*^°"''''<'^^^ • II. THE ARBITRATION. 2. Or.U.r n> ( ,.„„cil (Ontari..) concurring in the said iU-port, 25 Novcmbe, 1874 ' XX'S""'"^ ^''^'^^""^ " ""■^"^" '" '''''-'-' ""■' «pi...inti;;«- thc-i.;;; „;. '...itratoryy, "^ 4. Thel..^r^ecroUryof State (O.n^^ ^o-t^U.^:n.;:;:u;;;Z:;^^^^^^^ « of hi. appointna.:;, ^SSS S^ "" ^"^ "'"'" '"""^^ "" '^«'"»'^ "^ "'" P'-incc, a,,vi.in« hini 11 yuppleuunt to the Case of the Dominion " » 21 13. Argument of the Attorney-Geneial of (Htatio 33 14. ArgnmentofMr.irocIfiing.Q.C, of counsel fo'r Ontario -15 5. Argument oM.MucMahon,Q.C., of coun^ '^ C. Argument of Mr. Munic, of counsel for the Dominion 78 17. llie Attorney-General of Ontario in reply.. . 101 18. The Award of the A-bitrators... 106 JO. 0„t^rioAxt(42Vic.,Cap.2,1879Jadop;i;;gA;;;nl7Z ' W 12,5-158 III. CANADIAN DOCUMENTS AND CORRESPONDENCK.BETWP...N THE OOLOmAL SECRETARY AND THE HUDSON'S BAY COMPANY, ""irauNS 1-MOI, TO THE SUEEENCIE OF THE COMPASrs CUIMS. jS^^ 'I: Sfz^-srrj:::~:r"""» ""'—- ■■ .» Paoe. »iiittea„ 1 3 4 5 4 6 6 6 :iice to 7 8 tor, la 8 ;mbcr, w 8 ig liiiu !» 9 10 11 11 21 39 46 67 78 101 106 107 108 109 432] 449] ...125-158 DSON'S .. 159 • • 159 ) 161 102-164 " CONTKMTS. ,j^ P nt.-OANADIAN lXK,-i;MENTS._a.,„.„„,. ■ °" '■ '"- ~?.:/r;;::i:,:;::,t'';t:,:;;;!T,"""rrr-"'' ■ "« - ' """■ -'". I lio AHH.stint I'n.viii.iiil .^nrutary t.. ( 'hu.f ' li.lii" I" 'li 165 "uch Hpocial Agont "-" '^''"'■''■'■' ^""V«}i"B in«tructi,.n.s f, l.in. an «. Chief .lu-tco Dniiic.it,, tl,. (• /^, '""'"""•"• I • iroiniii'd I,, iC,,„i Mf ,„.. H«y Co,u,uMy. with the evi.ll „ ; '' ' :'''t ''m "".""' ""''J'"' "'' ""' ""■'-"•^ , ., ,, E,.«h.n,0 '''"'••'""'•^'-■'''('™'»"""«''>'ythoU,.ver„„a,„t.,fcW,,, to S»7, July 18, to / ..,., IM.)!( 4i,rll .1 ( i< , *"» iHfio' V , o '^'"■'■'■^'"'"''^"™ ■■""' l"-oco.,,li„,M ,l„n,m- thi.s perio,!... 3850, A pnl 20. Joint A.hl.v.s. „f th.. U.-Uliii.., c „„ i . 2(19-240 1862, Mar. 8 to ) ''"^^"""-"'""'"•^'' ''---'''"'=' the l„Mu.,laneH ..f Algo„.a ........,........:.■.: tft '^>"y 19. ( Ccrrcspondunco ,i,„i„n this yuiir '""''S ']■ !;:''7,7^:7-'«' •■''0,a.eHi„;;h::i;ii.i;;,f'c;;;;,;: ^^^-^^^ N- u: o;rts.::^rs:;:)';;::::u;:?"^™'--rr'''''^ s; 1865, Jan. 2n, to ( '' '^'"^"^'""'S "'" vi.wh of ,h. Cum.liuu Uovu-,nuent 248 ''''' Dec '■ 10 * f;"--^!;""'-'- -"' P-ee,li„g, during thi.s pe.io.l Uec. 12. Uesolut.oMH of lh. I'.irlianu.nt of Caiia h, reioecti, VlV; ;■■■•.:•. 250-265 .. N.;.th-We.sU.,„ Territory to tho D.'ti.Z " "" *™"^'' '' ''''^'^''''^ ^^'^ "-^ *^« to Canmla. ^ ' ^''""^'' "' ^^"''"-^ " L»'"l """l North- West Territory 1868,JaIl5to'^''^'"''''''^'"^°^^"'''^'^^'"^''^"•-'^^^^^^^ ^7 Apr.l 23. i Further correspondence during this period [July 31. "The Rupert's Land Apf lai'we l,- ,, 268-272 - ui land:::!:;:^;:^ z::tz '^isx: r "■ "-- -r - - -"-^- Au. 8. Thoc=^"S:;:v^;::[;;--f''--vic.S:;oS^.^^^^^^^^^ ^^^^ Sep. 9 The O^ "'" ^ ^ ?"" -'■^-^">^"-'"r:Sf ^ W^^^ """^'"''^ ^^ ^-">-- ^ ^" t;=tS ;StSt' ;i:rr;;'-"1-. ^- --•-■cana.an a- v^ ''' Oct. 1. Order in Council Canada)," , li^^' J " '^ S"""" ■ t' ''"^ ''"""""^ ("^'^S^") ^74 -lelexation to proceed t En^r;^.! • . • 1" . \"" """' '""''■"" ■''^'^""«''" '' iJ'.port's Land ]" ' ^'''^'"' °' "^^''S'ng for tire acquisition of 1. Menioran.lnm of the Deleunte.s r'econi'meiid'inii'th.it' Vh.'J) ' ' ■",■.' "■"", 274 a-liuission of the North- West 1^11 ,rv1: ^ , """'""^'-''l *' ^^'- '»-™nge for the out RuperfH Land ^ '"" "'""" "'"' ^•""■'^'"' «"'l '-'ither with orwith- ;; ^^ J. Order in Conned (Canada, app;;vi,;g of 'th^ ■-e;;;;.;;;da.^i;;f •D;,;,ate:aW:;;^ei;:d-t: S Dec. 30. ) Correspondence between these dates 1869, Jan. 16. The Canadian Dele-.ate-^ to tiie Und«rC!» ""," ■ '■ 276-281 that of Upper iuil to he cot ST^^ ."'t'I ''" "'^"P'^"^'" *'"^' -'^ ---t-g Jat n- ?,"^ 'r-'- "^ '^^ c.n.pa;;rtrSrr:: ;^ '-'^ °^ ^'^^ ^°°"^ --^ «^^^ «-- • • ^- ."• t ;Ef ° ^.'^7'-""^ "'• *h« Cou,pany to the Uuder-Secrot^ 283 lb. -"'^t^'Hier-Secrotary to the Canadian Delegates 284 287 JotWT ApI'INDIX, »v .loiNr Afl-INDU. Ful. Pel), M»r. April i2(l. 9-18, 87, 2!». 1««9, April, 10 10, M«,r 8, 14, 17, Afay 28. " 29&31. June 22, Nov. 19, 1«70, May 12. Dm. 29. roMTlNTS. III. -CANADIAN DOCl MENT»9.-r«M of further aKioemcnt between one of theDelegateV and 'the"aovernor of "tla" I oniiiiuiy respecting detailM of proposeil transfer The Uniler-HecTotaor to the Governor of the (^.«M.any/intimating■;i,e ■acceptance,'''by ' tho ( aniidian Delegates, ot tho propoiod terms ThoCiovernor of the Hudson's Bay Company to the UmierHfcretary on^ Tho Colonial .Seereta.^- to tho Oovernor-fleneral. on the subject of the concius'ion'.'.f" tho ncg'o: tiatioiis for transfer * 307 :iOh 308 )09 Report of tho Canadum Delegate, to tlie (Jovemnr.Oonerali'on' the'.;ii;j;;t ^ni^ir'n^gotiiui;;;;. vi.th he Iniponal Covernmont for tho transfer of Ruperf. Land and tho North- Western 310 Territory Order in Council ff'anada-, approwug^f' the'abo;o Ii;p,;;t'andof Ih^^^cnn, of traiisl^.r" ^Jo Message from he (;ov.r„o.-,i..n,.ral to tho House of Commons (C.M.ada), transmittii: ' their consiileralion the Report of tho Delegates Resolutions of tho farliam.nt of Canada in aecoptance of "the 'transfer' the North-VVeatern Territory '"'!!f die'lliust"!'. ,!"!"!'!'. ;*":' """ "'' ''''"'""" ^''''^'^ '" ^^-^^ *^«^^ in'acoepianco Domi lug for Rupert'. Land and 312 313 Dominion .Act for the temporary government of Rupert's Land and' the'Nort'h-Western Ter- ritoiy when unit-nl with Canada. .32-3 Vic , cap 3) Dc^d of Surrender of Ru,,ort's Und : the Ifudsun's Bay Com,;iiw"to "no^'Miuestv,',; ' 313 31 S Company to Ilor Majesty jjg o,i., 1 1 .1 , , . , — 'V ^"luii.iiiy lo iior Hiaiestv Sch dulo thereto, shewing tho Company's posts and tho quantity of land secured to tiiejn _ " . . L ' - — - ■!■.>...».; u, ,uiiu oocuroa to each of Do,ninio,, Act to amend and continue 32 u^d'ss 'vic.; ■cap'3;and't;'«labii.h';„d p^widefor the Government of the Pn.vince of Manitoba. {33 Vic cap 3) P«"vme .or ^"CfiS^^'t'" •'';'"'""'; (C'"""'")' -'--"« j-'p-iai legiHiau^n t;;'bopr;;;.;;d"i;;, confirmation of saui Act, and for authority to establish Province, and alter the liml nf 318 320 322 I 1871, Sep. Oct. IV. NEGOTIATIONS BETWEEN CANADA AND ONTARIO, AND OTHER PROCEEDINGS, AFTER THE COMPANY'S SURRENDER. '" "^'c^mmLrne;.!*:^""'''^' '*''''°^""''« "'^ "^"^ ^'""^'" ^^«^""«^" " <^"*«- Boundary of the21.,ttst "^ '""'^ Lieutenant-Governor, acknowIe.iging his despatch 3S8 326 325 325 1( 1( i; 17 17 17 17 17 17 Paoi. n i>i tmin- North by U87 'I invitiiiK Is "{ tliu 2U8 -MO 302-300 Ireotora uf 307 :I0h mrof the 308 I. by tlio 300 309 tho iipgd. 310 [iitiiitiiiiiR •VVo:!) "^ Act^of the Provinc. of Manitoba for alt-ring a. Lund :i::U Vie T.;:, '2 ) ^2 [K,rln,pe.a,Act,1871,a.t..nabl.hin«Pro,i„c.ina^^ 41»] V. IMPERIAL STATUTES AND ACTS OF STATE HEARING ON THE QUESTION OF THE BOUNDARIES. .'oINl ArrK.iDix. idary 326 ■ ■... 325 latch ■ • . . 335 II of tory 3S6 ■ ■ • 328 1670. Hudson'.s Bay CompRiiy'.s Ch.irter 1690. Act confirming the Chartor for seven years 341 ilT-' t1' ,1 n"""',?^- ^'' ""'''"8 "'^' "«''"'-^ "f the Company ' ■.■.■'.'.■ '^^^ 1740. Act,I80oo. II., cap. 17. ,s.wing the right, of the Company . 3^0 • ■* 351 '■'"«* 35. 355 • 358 1768. Order in Council, ostabliahin, boun:ia;;;;t;;;e„ Pn.V;n;;i;i"guoi;e;-a„dN;w Vork ' ' '. '""S 1773. Papers as to the establishing of Civil Government in the lllh.ois - I he Larl of Dartmoutli to Lieuten.int-General Gage 1- .3.4. Papers relating to the proposed e.xtension of the lin.it's'ol' 'guebe;'- ^^' ISdn.r"f h" m*^""'''' *" "'' ^"' "^ l^"""-""'. with enclosures ,«, Address to His Majesty, enclosed in the above .... ^^^ Memorial enclosed in the above.. ^^ The Earl of Dartmouth to Lieut.^a„,:Gov;:r„o;:'^^V-r;;j^—--^--- 366 .W.'r vi CONTENTS. Joint _ AriMON^.x. ^^ V. -IMPERIAL STATUTES AND ACTS OF STATE._Co„^m„erf. . irr... Tl... Q„.,,,o A,.,, oxt..nai„K aM,l ,loscri.,ing the B„u„,lttri..s of the Province otc P^°"- D bato o,, the y„ol,ec IWl in the Hou«e c,f Cn.n.ons, .774 . '66 f..r their .X^tl^^ZlZ ' "'^ "'"" !" '" ^"""''^ "'"' ^''-^--Oeneral i" 1-int ..f hnv . . '~'" ''■'""'''"^"'' "■'^'' ""•^" "f "'" ^-"'"'""^ A'^t. '">J are proper ;; 'J';'' ^'^«■'•'"oil approving of the 8m,l draft (J^^mmisi^io^ 374 'I'usuutmg to tho extension of the hounds of Q„el,eo 1774 •- '^-' Oovernor Carlcton to the E,.rl of ftutinonih Official in!;';!!';! ?" "^""f"': '"'""'■"""^ "<• Mont,..! tn:ns;niu;;i'ih:3;;,;n;i, ^ lie ':,? ; t';:::,'^'.^;;;; ;"-'-^>- ^o .ovemor Oar,e,on of Qnehe, 17V4 ll ^" ^^' d::;;'~- - ,, p ■''"/"''"^""•"""■'* '"Oovernor Carleton "*'** 1777. Con„ni.io„ to Goven.or Ha.din.and of Q,;!,!! '^'""'-'■■'■"■^'"~ '- '" '»-• appointn.ent .84 LieutenantUovernorHamiltonofOnehectoIorlS, ^85 ConnciUnd reeonunendi,,- tL " !. /^ ^''^^'''"''^''"" '^'""'' "'" '■"^^'''» "'^ t'"-' 178G. Order in Council approvi,,. of draft P "'""" ^'"™"""«"' 385 Unite., St.t,i.. ....:...'...'::'.'^ Con„n,s,s.on.s to Oovernor Carleton of Qu.bec, after Treaty with the I' Comm.sBion to Governor CaiI,ton ;iS6 Order i" Conncil approving of draft Lu^tn;;!!;;,; t;G;;ern;; C irieio;; ''^^ in,r f ),„ A ■ . . ' Governor Lord Dorchester resnect- 1790 Feb 8 To,.! i\^ , description of the proposed boundary ... ^ ..^^ ro, aT "!• f-"- «'■'-'"''"''-' t»l-'rd Dorchester. ^"1 A ,r- ^r' C"^'^"^">« t» Lof'l Dorchester. ''^' 1791, July 1 Mr r „, 1 "^"'"^'"S '" t'"^ prop,)sed boundaries :— '^"'•^ I Mr. Lymburner's proposed line of division ='"* ^^ C™„,„,..,„„ u, G.„™,„.o,„,^ L»r,l l.,„.l„, J '"^ '•'■'''■'""» '■"•J «'"'»l <>««•).... » ,,_^_ SJ:r;,«;„. Mrc,rz:r r.rb^^^^^ « i7l2. Proclamation of Lieutenant-Governor Sinic.oo, dividing Uon.r r , ' • " ■ • ^"2 ' "'"""i> ^PP«H^i*iiada into counties OJo 1 Paob. 366 3cr niiiiission r-Oeiicr.il re proper 374 375 375 376 37« Curk'tori 377 till! Hllill 378 •ed, iiiij 378 37U 382 384 384 lo the )Ut the 385 of the 385 til the 386 387 388 ispect- 388 I :,'89 389 iject.. 3y0 391 391 • • • • 392 Lord 392 393 • . . . 393 ight 394 394 . ... 395 • • . 397 . . . 397 )... 397 ■ ... 399 . . . 400 . . 401 ird •• 402 . . 403 . . 403 CONTENTS. '^■~^'^^^^'^" «^^™^^^ ^^^ ACTS OF STATE.-C....,.,, 1796 l«.rr:'"" *". ^-'--«eneral of Lower Canada P.„. oifences co,u,nitted within that Pr ,v 1 wi ^t ' r t "T' '""' *""' "'' ""'"''^ ""'^ County '""° '''"'"»' "'« l'""t« "1 any described Townsliip or 1819. Petition of tlie Earl of Selkirk" to' the" Lo'nUof T.Vl"„ i" " • ' " " V " ■ • 4(19 tiou by Upper Canada west of he .Hhli.'o"'"' ""'"'' "' "" "'"'"'''' "' J"-''-' nbove Act ""'"'' '"'°' '""' l"-''y"'« the .lisallowance of the I^^Htion of, ho Hudson's Bay V^nnpa;^ to 'ti>e like' eft^;t ^10 Statement of Chief Justice Powell, of Upper Cu.IlV ;■■■,■•■•■; 413 ^S2, Order in Council 'rT'-''-^''-' ^^^'"->" *" ^->^! Eif '. '''''''' '" ""^ ^""-'"« ^^-I-^^eh 41„- " ''^'V "' '^''' '"l''.^'''« and conlirnung the Upper Canada Act 414 is! ? '; ^r'""'"""'"""^''™"""fC'-'""j'v 427 18fi(,. IhelJntish Columbia Act, 1800 4,,, Joint AlTKNDlx. VI. TREATIES AND CONVENTIONS. I. GREAT BRITAIN AND FRANCE. 1632. Tre.ty of St. Germain-en-Lave 16C7. Treaty of Breda. . " li?rii!'rvV'" ""'''''"' '^''^^'^-^^^^ •■■■.■■':::::: 453 J«),8. ireaty of Nimeguen ' o.,, 1686. Trtaty of Neutrality "JgJ Report of the English Commissioners to the King 456-484 Ihe English King's Resolutions thereon 484 1688 Rnv.in, ^T""'"^"^'"*'"^^y*''«Con.misaio„ors,... 485 S: ?X°f CilJ" "^~ " '- ^-"^'^ -'-'- ^" --'- "p—nt-i^uie'I-n.;. -J m5:T;it;:^i:r:;u:;:^^^ - m9:!720 IZTT "' *"^ f ""' "'" ^"«"«'' Con,mh;;ari;;und;;'u;at Treaty «'« 1719 1,20. Pench Memoirs relating to the Limit, under that Treaty - 0"« //,> M • , , """">' r'''f'^"r General of Canada 171<»ao 1748 Trei^v ''"'"'"'•."V" ''''•""• ''« L.-"othe-Cadiliao. 1720 ' ' '" 513 J/48. Ireaty of Aix-la-Chapelle 5,3 614 J0IN7 AppKunix. Vlii CONTENTS. VI.-TREATIES AND CONVENTIONS-GRKAT BRITAIN AND FRANCE. -Con.W. 1700-1761 Further French Memoirs re1otin« to the limils, under the Treaty of Utrecht •_ ^^'"• (c) Memoirof M. (le lattiilissoniiiwo, ITJO ((() Memoir ou the Limits, Ajiril, ITOf) S^* (c) Private IiKstruction.s of tlio King to M." ile' Vamireuii.'l'Tos' .' '^'^ (f) Statement of tlie Due de Choiseul, 1701 ^'^^ 17Cn. Capitulation of Montreal and Surrender .dOanada'to'u.V English ^^^ 1761. Negotiations for the Cession of the country. ... ^^'^ 1763. Treaty of Paris, ceding Canada and dependoncioVto GrJaV Britain" .'.'..".'..'.'.'. '.'.".". ff ' • • • 530 n. GREAT BRITAIN AND THE UNITED STATES: 1783. Treaty of Versailles Proceedings in America by the two Nations'.'l.^'tive^.'/tho Tr;a;iea'of '1783 and 1794 ':-■ 1784 May 12 1785, Aug. 29 Sept. 1 Nov. 30 1787, April ,5 1792, Jan. 4 Mar. 15 April 21 (( 28 4( 28 Principal Secretary of Stato Sidney to General Haldimand Memorandum i.s to retention of the frontier posts Men.oran,hMn r.sardi.-g the death of Lieutenant GoVer'nor Hay of De.Voit' Govern, ,r Hope (,,n, tan.} to the Under-Secretary of State Mr Adan.s, Unite,l States Minister to England, to Lord Carmarthen ".'. Loul Grenvdle to Governor-Oeneral Lord Dorcliester Robert Hamilton, Esq., to Lieutenant-Governor Simcoe Ljeutenaot-Governor Simcoe to the Lords of Trade nnd Plantations.' .' .' ." The U.ght Honourable H.-nry Dund„s to Lord Dorch.ster George Hamm,m„i;.,..u__, i,- .. ., "..' ' *Jl8 1719 (deliver- ed), Aug. 13. 1743 [\'^^ ^"l;"''^' -^'='' i« «*="• "- '■ 17. saving the rights of the Company (.upra, Sec. V.) ^'^^ Pailiiimentary Committee of this year: — Evidence of Witnesses The Company's Forts and Settlements in the Bay Ships employed in the Company's trade, 1739-1748 Stock of Company Orders given by Company in anticipation of an attack 'ovevlanil 'from 'canada,' 1744-1748 583^4 Correspondence with the Company's Agents as to sett lement of Port Nelson .■.'.■■. 585 „ . , , ' Trade with the Interior kok Exports and Impoits, 1736-1746 '^'^ *^'"e ." "^ *'"-" ^°"^P""^''^ '='""" f"-- •'''"'«8«« and"ns"Vo limUsypiesVnVed to'theLords of The Company to the Lords of Trade with copy of the sai.l Memoran"d,m' 'anne.xod mi The'LoH f T T^m' ";*!r "^'T'^. "' '",'■"'" -«-'""« 'l->"%'- and having the limits .^^t'tie'd.': 587 The Lo>, s of Trade to Mr. P,tt, enclosing the Memorial for His Majesty's directions thereon. Ireaty ,.t 1 aris, ce.ling Canada and (lependencies to Great Britain {supra, Sec. VL) The Lords o' Trade to Lord Bolingbroke setting forth proceedings' since 'the'Tre'aty'.".' !'.".'.".'.' ;'.' . .. . 579 The Company to the Lords of Trade as to whaf, remains to be done under the Treaty 579 Letter from Capt. Middleton to Mr. Dobbs, on the Hudson's Bay Co's. trade with the interior ".'. '.'.'.'. sgo 351] 581 582 1755, Feb. 19. 1759, Dec. 6.. Dec. 19. [l76o 1775-1798.... [1809 Hudson's Bay Company's Posts ^'"^(lip,at"sec^V.?" "^" '^^' ^' ^"' ''^^^«^' "f Labrador "t'o"N';;fo'undl"and',' 'et'c!, ^'''* Proclamation of Miles McDonell setting forth the limits of the" Company's gmnt to Lord Selkirk"" Li.st of stations of the North- West Company and the Hudson's Bay Company 588 530J 588 1820-1821 . period of their coalition. respectively, at the [1821, Dec. 5., License^to T™lo to the Hudson's Bay Company and the North-West Company 'jointly,"for 2^ years ^^•'''■'•' '''""(^■r"se°c'^vf '" *'" ""''"'"" ^"^ ^"'"^""^ (represenUngbolh'companiesi'forl'ike period 408] 689 590 421] 423] JO'NT Appk.ndis, CONTENTS. Joint AfPBNIlIX. VII. -THE HUDSON'S BAY COMPANY'S RlGHxS AND CHAIMS. ^^^ ^°^e"»n' by the Company for performance of conditions of the new License (supra. Sec. Y.) 4261 *''°" The Company's Statemeutjof Rights 591-94 ^^^^ • ■ Tlie Company's Statement as to their trade with the interior ............ .1. 594 1876, Dec 12. Mr. Goschen (Chairman of the Company) to the Secretary of State of Canada,' with information relating to the boundaries gg^ VIII. OTHER ENGLISH DOCUMENTS. im. The Lords of Tr^e to the Kint;, on the French possessions and the rontes they had to the Mississippi 597 ' bI " Co"m"an '^cha^te^ '''^" ""' "''' '^"''"" ''""'^' """"'"'^ ""' Solicitor-General, on the Hudson-a ^ gug 1750.1751. Views of the EnKlish Con.missaries as to whether the object of voyages should be taken into'account' .'. . 600 Views oJ tlie French Commissaries on the same subject „f^ 1756. Governor Pownall ,m the French Posts and the French Dominion in America.' T, 1764. French settlements of the Illinois :— ""^ Col. Bradstreet's report Despatch of Governor Murray to the Lords of Trade . . . .' ' ^"^ Memorial transmitted therein ... *"^^ !J««"''f^TY. ^"1"^^'"^'^"^''^"* Croiihan on the Frenc 'settlementBof VhV Wa'basLan'd'liiinois: '.'. S 1768. French Posts of the interior :— °"' Governor Carleton to the Earl of Shelburne (with enclosure) List of principal Posts enclosed in the above ^^ ''''■ '"711^"^' ^*""^.'''!™:':';:' '" '"'""^^^ "■" '^^'^^«"' ^l^^' Englmh' Atlan^lV Pn;vin;es'and"the ''' 1776. Colonization of the imnois-,:;r W. Johnson to the Lords of Trade ^^^ 616 IX, FRENCH RIGHTS AND CLAIMS. [1627, Apr 29 1670 Nov. 10. 1671 Nov. 2. 1672, Nov. 2. 1679, Nov. 6, 8. 1680, May 8. 1681, Nov. 2. Nov. 13. 1682. Nov. 12. IS83, April 30 Aug. 5. Nov. 4. Charter of La Compagnie dos Cent Associes on de la Nouvolle Prance (infr,, Sp. Y \ The ln.ndant^lo„ to M. Colbert, the French Minister, as to ^Z^:^.^;!^'^;^-;^- '^'^ M "Solfto Ur^r "r""r"' ^" "'^''^"'«'---; of 'ihe'comlwes ^f 'dij vi^l ^nd NoHh: : S M. la on to the King, respecting the mission of Allmnel and St. Simon to Hudson's Bav tJ. Despatch of Governor Comte de Frontenac, a, to the limits of Tadoussao .. T. .1. ' [ ^ j Comto de Frontenac respecting Joliet's Voyage to Hudson's Bay .'.' Record of the taking possession, in the King's name, of the countries of the Upper mZm Z] ^■t^:''::^:-^^^;:':^^^'^';^^^^^ ^^ ^°™ e^tab,i«hr;r::3 Hudson. "'' Intendant Duchesneau's Memoir, as' to tiie'Eii'glish'a't H'u'dson's'Bav '^^^ Report of proceedings at Port Nelson 622 623 Paqb. ) 426J 591-94 694 Illation 694 pi.... 597 idson's 598 ount... 600 600 601 605 605 606 607 609 610 d the 012 614 erica. 616 ) Bay 616 047] son's 619 .... 619 620 621 . . . . 621 . . . . 621 622 622 622 623 628 623 623 noh CONTENTS. jjj IX. -FRENCH RIGHTS AND CLMMS.-CmtiMced. 1684, April 10. The King to M. de la Barro, as to affairs at Nelson River ^^^24 " M. de Seignelay to M. de k Burro, as to operations in Hudson's Bay !!'........!.".'.'..""! 624 Sept. 10. Sieur Du L'Hutto M. de la Barre, as to operations in the neighbourhood of Hudson's Bay!!! !!!"!"!'.' 624 Nov. 13. M. dela Barre to the King, for instructions as to Hudson's Bay .' " g25 Application for a grant of the Bourbon River by Gaultier de Comportfi, PrcVo'tk of Canada! !!!!!! 626 1685, Feb. 26. Sieur de Calliferes, (iovernor of Montreal, to the Marquis de Seignelay, as to the French and and English claims to Hudson's Bay -,„, Nov. 12. The Marquis de Dcnonville, Governor of Canada, on the rightof " .no French to" Hudson's Bay.".'."." 626 1686, Feb. 12. M. de DenonviUe's instructions to the Chevalier de Troyes, Commander of the overland expe- dition to Hudson's Bay „„. ■' 626 1686, July 16. Articles of capitulation of Albany I'ort agreed upon between Chevalier de Troyes and Henry Sergeant, the Hudson's Bay Co. 's Govern or gor Oct. 10. M. de Denonville, on the overland routes to Hudson's Bay ....!!!!!!!!! 628 Nov. 8. M. de Denonville to M. de Seignelay, on the right of the French to Hudson's Bay fi9S Oct. 13,1 Nov.lO, j-M de Denonville, as to the posts on the Hudson's Bay g29 1687, Aug. 25. M. de Denonville to M. de Seignelay, on the French operations in and around the Bay 629 [1687. Transactions of the English and French Commissioners under Treaty of Neutrality-French Memorials (,■(«/)(■((, Sec. VI.)j ^„, 1688, M. de Denonville, on the French limits in North America !!!!'! ggj 1690, Jan. 15. M. de Denonville to M. do Seignelay, on the French operations inand 'around "the "Ba!>!! 634 Nov. 15. Memorial of La Compagnie Du Nord, as to proceedings of English in Hudson's Bay " ' 634 1693. La Compagnie du Nord to M. de Pontchartrain, French Minister, respecting operations to"ih"e Bay g La Compagnie du Nord to M. de Pontchartrain, on the same subject ! . . " . ! ./....... 635 Aug. 7. M . de Frontenac, on the subj ect of attacking Fort Nelson go. 1696, Aug.31. Articles of capitulation of Fort York or Bourbon, agreed"u'pon" "between '"the" 'uudaon^s" "Bay Co. 's Governor Allen and Sieur de la Forest go^ (before) 1697. Operations during the peace preceding the war which ended" with the''rreaty"!jf'Rvswick 6^7 [1697. Treaty of Ryswick,(s«j,m, Sec. VL) ^^' Oct. 15. JL de Frontenac to the Minister, respecting the recall, ne"xt"year,"of 'vmiagmrs and sol'd'iers !.'.! 637 1699. French answer to a memorial of the English Commissaries, setting forth the French title' "to Hudson's Bay •^ 6^7 [For the Memorial of the English Commissaries, see Sec. VII., supra 5541 1705, Sept. 19. MM de Vaudreuil (Governor) and Beauharnois (Intendant), as to "as'sis'ting "L"a""c'omp;gni"e"du Nord in operations in Hudson's Bay 1710 Nov. 18. M. de Clerambaut d'Aigremont to M. de Pontchartrain," as 'to'th'e "tradeof" the' iiitei'i"o"r 63<) [1713. Treaty of Peace of Utrecht, (sit^m. Sec. VI.) gjl"^ [1713, Aug. 6. Order of the King for delivery of possession of Hudson's Bay to the English "(j,!^m,"sec." VIl! )" 57gl ]l,t' T. ^ r. M- de JertJraie, French Commandant at Fort Nelson (Bourbon), in reference to that post ..'""' 640 1717, Dec. <. Conseil de Marine-Memorandum as to M. de Vaudreuil establishing posts at Kamanistiqui'a Rainy Lake and Lake Winnipeg 1718, Nov. 9. Licenses (cuiigh) signed by M. de Vaudreuil and the Intendant Begon," 17i7!i718 ! ! ' 641 Dec. 11. M. Begon to the Minister, respecting posts in the North-West g4, 1719, Oct. 14. MM. de Vaudreuil and Begon to the Conseil de Marine, advising o'f "the "progress" of "'La Noue towards the west 1730, Oct. 15. M.M. de Beauharnois and Hocquart to the Ministers to claim of the late farmer'of Temis!^! '"'"sue g^2 1744, Oct. 8, M. de Beauharnois, the Governor, to Count de Maurepas, respecting the proposed attack on the tnghsh Posts at Hudson's Bay 1745, June 18. M. de Beauharnois to Count de Maurepas, as to his inability, for want of supplies, to act oflen! sively against the English g.„ [1750-1751 Views of the French Commissaries as to whether the object of voyages should be taken into account, (supra, Sec. VIIL) gO^, 1755. M. Bellin as to French posts in the west and north ,,,, (^_ O4o I'O'- <-nl- de Bougainville's account of thi-. French posts gj- 1759. Gen. de Montcalm to Marshal de Belle Isl.-, on the state and prospects of Canada......!.!!! 645 JOIBI ApPKfDtS. XII JoilfT Appindix. CONTENTS. X. FRENCH OFFICIAL DESCRIPTIONS OF BOUNDARIES. 1598. 1603, Nov. 8 1605, Feb. 8 1012, Oct. 15 1627, April 29. 1646, June 6. 1651, June 17. 1657, Jan. 26. 1663, May 1. 1665, Mar. 23. April 8. 1688, April 8. 1713. 1717, 1722. 1725, June 10. Oct. 20. 1733, 1748, 1751, Cou>nuBs.on appointing M. de la Rodie Lientenant-General of Canada, etc ^T^ Comm,«s„.„ appointing Sienr do Monts Lieutenant-General of Acadia Tj, . Commission appoirting «ieur de Mont. Viceroy in Acadia. Canada, etc. ' '. 'l Comm,ss,on by the Liemenant-Ge:,oral of New France to Ohan.plain Zl Charter of La CVnupagni. den Cent Associfi, ou de la Nouvelle Fmnce «1 Conumssion re.app„intin, Huanlt de Montn,,..,,,- Lieut .f;..„. a, Quebec..'.'.'.' 1 Commusmn appointing de Lauzon Governor au.l Lieutenant of the King Z Comnus«ion appointing Vicomte d'Argenson Oove.-nor of Ne,v France Zl Commission appointing d,. Mezy G nernor Commission appointing M. Talon Intendant of Canada ^"^^ Commission appointing M. le Barrois Agent-General for the Wes't'lndia Co !-« Commission appointing deBouterouo Intendant of Canada Crozat's Charter of Louisiana '^"^ Charterof the We.otern Company ... . ^"^^ Order of the King in Council annexing ibe 'l^iinoi: to'^iuisia;,;;.', 2] MSmoire as to the limits of Temiscimingue The Intendant Begon to Monseigneur, on the same subject ^^ M. Begon on the same subject "^^ Ordinance of the Intendant Hocquart,'o;; the li^iuof'iidoi^ssa^ It' Commission of the Intendant Bigot ^°^ Grant of the Post a la Carpe-Govei^or'!:: 'j:>::^. ';' i^, '^^ ' '.^^ ':'::::::z:::. 65? i J i4 XI. JUDICIAL PROCEEDINGS INVOLVING THE QUESTION OF THE BOUNDARIES. 1818. r>e Reinhard's case (Lower Canatta {) .... Official Papers relating to the case — ' 659 1819. Nov 17 Mr. Administrator Monk tc Karl Bathurst 820,Feb.21. -^--J;;-^;.;. State for the Colonies t. the Und^^^^^^^^ - i82i,j:e£ s::::isrsSd£;s:^r^^^^^^ Sf Aug. 17. The Under-Secretary ,.r ^cXSZT^^Z^'f Tt "'''' ««^ ment conveying Earl Batliur,t's ,v>. J ^^ "' er-Secietaiy for the Home Depart- Sept.... Mr. Clive, of the Hom Offi I I. 'T';"""'''""'" '"' ^'n-don Majes'tys Free^^lon t ^ l^^'LLlr^T' ^^^' ^°^ '''' "°'''"-- ^'^^ -aMcLellan-seas^i^rrr^---— ■=:r.:':«~^^^^^ Z .;7.s-:i?:-s^s^iy-H«-"^''-- s "1-^ ...., t't.,4 irou ' 687 CONTENTS, Xili C5f) 681 682 rthe ...... 682 nent 6P2 • . . . 683 u so 683 lart- 683 His 683 .... 684 ... 884 .... C85 ... 687 Joint Api-endix. Paob, 647 647 647 647 847 649 649 649 649 649 650 650 651 651 651 66a 652 652 653 656 657 XII. MISCELLANEOUS. 1. AlleKed tliscovery of Hudson's Bay by the Danes and Spaniards ^*^93 2. Commission of Henry VII, of England to the Cabots, 1496 ggg 3. Charter from Queen Elizabeth to Sir Walto Raleigh, 1,584 Og. A. VirginiaCharter-sccundCharterof King James I, 1609 go- •'5. Maryland Charter, granted by Charles I., 16.12 6, Pennsylvania Charter, granted by Charles II, 1682 '_ -^^ V. Official recognition of the North- West Company, 1819 8. Memorandum af Mr. S. J. Dawson, on Early Maps, 1876 -jq 9. Researches in England and France by the Dominion and Ontario Governments respectively ..... " 715 h K Speeches of the Lieutenant-Governor on the opening of the Ontario Legislature-references to the Arbitration.. . 720 11. Agreement of Counsel as to Maps . . . ^ 721 10 h 20 q Oj V) h( VI th se ex sa: ^0 be Do Bo. mo: 40beii Ge. is th I. ptmm to thr iMrij Council. MKMORANDUM OF AORI-EMENT asreo a, follow.: ' °"''-'' "'"-• »"' Gov„,-„m„„t, „t o«„r,„ a„d M.,.H„l,a vi..„.i,;;:„:;rtTJrLr:;;u:,r ;ji::r '^ ---^ - ^^ '^« »^'' «-— .» p™. 20 question, ,„l,„,itM.„„tl,cr.vi,cvamJ,,„tilliri.,'f, '•' ^'""■" '" "'° '•"■'"» «f tho or M.„Hoba, a. the ca„ ,„a, U „„ o b Z C' K^^^ "'«"«r' °» '»'«"'°'' Ontario ».r,ed m any way that Hoy n.aj ,.,„„ „, if i,,„v ,.m '"'"'afy "ext, th„ .aid Ca« h to be hereinaftc... provided with Lpit t°o d^^nnt " ^ S, ^.:t J;;:;'';; "^.''« "-"">' — variation is to be made after the loth April next • ' "' '"''^' '""=' i '«'' M ... ^^ sifdZr:,;- :!r:j:x'::;::i;°i:;;:!'r2V' t^ '° ?;--.--'-• - ^^^^ :;::r^:r:::s:::t^r:^::ri-'-'- .aid may appoint. " " °' "'S™'' "" ""* """■- «"•« «» »« Judicial Committed afore- '° ^e >^i^^:rz;'^:^::r;:r:sz°' "■" '™ '™"""^ '^« '^^^--'-^^ -idenc. i., t„ D.miilJ!'; Stra'fn*?p:vir:To,;tl°""' ',"'t"-" '- "■= ^'«-'°™ °" ^'■'" »' «.- Book or „i,l Ca». °' ""'""' '•»P»«"«ly ; and all map, referred to in the Jiu (2) Th. Aet, of the Legi,l.t„re of Ontario on the „H,i„t of the bonndarie,. »e.^ "-- w":ri::j;^— r r^iirjr'sr,^:: ---- - - -'= «^ c,„„: General of Ontario. ^''' "' '^""'-•^' l^ereinaffcer referred to, or of the Attoruej- * Variatioiia is the "Joint Case 1 •ToiNT Al'l'KNIMX. Sue. I. frioy a.iiimil. AfrrooitK'iit lietwffii "utiirid ami Miinitiilia, lUtli |)cc<;m- bor, lB8;t. Jiiinr ■A:'fKxiiix. ^'.-mi i,'":.!i;;[ 1;;?,:':;: •;;;■; „;;:;•;" "■'^'' -^p-t t.. .u,y .i..,.,„„,.ntary evi.,..,„ WiW.n an.i hi„v.l m. „ . • lomnto, viz., tl,,. ||,„i„n,,|,|.. \, ■ ^ "^'"•' V^^'^y to Mr;-, I. .Zr aJ™;: i:;!,^i:L;;; :,:f ;"^ -■ ' r .,;7'a;;;:;.:;;;:;;;::':;. :;::■;- «. «... i.«^,.,;: (o) Iho Province of Ar,.r,;f 1 , " """'-'^ ''"'*» ^igri'iiinciit. 7P"H.-.i l,y the SelX "t •;;• ;T':- ''" •"•'"*'""' ^- ^'- I'nvy Council of the I . JoeumontH wl.ieh nmv I '."'"■ ' '""^ '^"'^'>''-- Scwdl-.s notes on the n« P r ,""°"' "^ "'« ''ocuments '""y 1- put H. „n ,1,0 part of that Province "'''''■'' •"'^^' '^"^ '"'^ "'^er jO I, li; All papers for the P " r^ (1-) Anv niap,s that eit' f" ' Piivy Council xlrZ T' """'^ '* '^ ''^^^"'^V a,.eed that n tlTI t^^^ Judicial notice of the 10 ■j3 fpjj^ . ^" '" ^"" l>nnte(l j)apers 34, Any Onler to set down, and any oth. ''' ■'"''^' Postponement. * "' '""^ ^"'''J'lm ion(.lon,E.O. 40 30 to uhethor it itliiM pnity to '>,%'••, Hii;,Mity, 'incf.s, or tliciv ivi) (if the Niiiil n any of such ■M ri'i,'ai(lH tho itli tilt! ccitifi- t'oru tin; liltli I docuiiipnts J any other jO lents to be Printer (ftt 10 purposes id sluill !)e >ii"i--i), and 7 Council 30 niitli(.'nti- s MHiU be Council 'scerfain V of the fore the taken, iO ne the e case, ii'e (so (Jov- PiO- E.C.; E.C. ..uestion arises i. i,. d.al.n, therewith, ll t ! j I • ' ;! ."^^Ifl"; ^^^ ""^''"f >' '''T '''''' '''" is above a-n-ed to nnlmiit t. ti... I'rivy Council „. M, J -l'"'mn,.nt< an I fa. ts uhid. it in that behalf hereunto a.ni.l ' ^ ""'" ''' ^" l''^""'' " ^^'" '" *''" '--'"^ "^ tl.e UAl 38. Tho costs of tho llefe,-..nco shall Im in tlie discretion of fl„. r,. r • in .cil, which is to have power to award or withhold"! '" '"^" "' '''° ^"^^ .TX The suid A,^rre,.n,ent is understood to be ent.Ted into ,.„ the part of tin- Onf „,• r without prejudice to any ipiestion which tiieiv lew l„. .„ . . I , ''utiii,) (.ovoinn.ent, *° O. JIOWAT, Att,n-nnj-G,nutral uf the Province of Ontario James A. Mii.r.Lu, Attorn,nj.G,aoral of fhe Province of Manitoba. JorvT Al'l'KNIl|\. . S.r. f. R'f' I't iii't t I th4 Pi-irii Cuuneil. AKrcciiicnl "ntiirici and ■Miiiiit.iliii, iNtli Itcciiin- l>fr, 1H«3. Coui IN THE riUVY COUN(!IL. IN THE MATTER OF THE BOUNDARY BETWEEN THE PROVINCES OF ONTARIO AND MANITOBA. IN THE DOMINION OF CANADA. ^^^^^^^° ^^^ BETWEEN THE PROVINCE OF ONTARIO, OF THE ONE PART. AN I) THE PROVINCE OF MANITOIi.A, OF THE OTHER PART. 80 SIPECI^L C^SE. the 3..d August, 1.78, by ^he t:!^^::^ f:j^:;tz^'^Ei '' t t:"^'" ^'^^'""' -^'^ <>" '^'- Uincks, or (o) is a line west of that point. ' ""''^ Thornton and SirFrancis ^'^'-^"^- The Province of Manitoba claims that the bouiidarv between t^..^ p • Ontario is (I) the meridian of the conHuence of the OUU>i^!^Z^W "'"""" /^' ')' ^""'"'^ °' the height of land, dividing tho water.s which llow in tol^^^ n^ZL ^^^^^^^^ ?^ T ""' ^°^'"' "' valley of the groat lakes, and lying to the west of the s.d!! tridif 1 line " "'' '"''''' "'^° '''• It has been agree.l to refer the matter to the Judicial Committno ^r u at • . . t, • 40 and an Appendix has been prepared c r, „ M.,,,.b.A,^ vv„E„«»,,h: i,„„„,,„, ,,„„,,„, „. p,!'"""""r''''''°°™''"''"™''«"™«o,o.v„„,„ 40 tUiunl inntter ' '»« f'lirii idled iiKuriii nt lor •ivy (-'..uiicil liicli (having iiiatoiial atiil 10 lie evidenw, IT Pffl'CtUftl, rutiitohd, in •tlier a now mo. liloba. I\CK OF lute ; (ind ill tii.spiifo tration r/ tee of the >' of the 30 ,'htoeiith General, of the cenied, nnd on ion in 40 ARfO and )U(0 lof th9 20 Thoniforo, llor MiiioHtv. hv and wiHi M,« -i • i M,..nit.d«, onnotH as C.llow.s ' "''"""' ""'' ^"""^"^ "' '''« I^^ffiHlative A««cm».ly of i:::^::;:. :s::;;.:i:;t:.'sr:i::.r'L-:^ "-'- --^ -^ ^^.-enth ,,;;^._ 2U This Vet sh.ll ^ " ' ^■'^'"^^-""•^•••- '^ '"--'•> i" «ll r-,..c-tH confinnud. "-— ' ^,^^^^ ,^^ , n- Aet sh,.„ not «.. ,n.o ..et until th. Lioutenant-Oovernor h.. i.n.d hi. i.-oCan-ation in ..^.lU •■'•" ■■ friff i'uiineil. [Tl.o Frudmntttion roferied to, isHiicl I2th Ajuil 1N84,] Ontario and Manif.l.a on behulf of tl.oir "^ ,"ct ^''« At orm-ys-Gmeral f„r the Provinces .,f mittuo of Il.r Majesty's Privy C.un an 1 . ''^^I'"!'"""'^ ' f'"" ^''^^ "Pinion „f tho Judi..al Co.„- opinion: Also, th.-Ui;,. ^^ d ral oZl " t s 7r-'r '^ T ! " '''' ''"^''^'y «'-"''' "^'< for that ,, Y-;-' ^ "'W or Ontario i. co™d^«::; .! J'^ ^ ^ZT f" ^Vm^^T' ^" ^'^- ^ ^"« 20 ..lu,uld procure an Act of the Imperial Parliament to 1 ... • '"' *^""''^"'"' "" "^'"ssary. CVrtiHe.l, Jno. Macbeth, To the Honourable, the Provincial Secretary. ^^"'^ "'^ ^'" ^''•''''^' "''''* '^'''«"^''/. Manitoba. Thk L,kutkka..-G.vkbnou ok M.„.ponA to t„. Sp.hktahv op Spatk (Cakaoa). Government House, Wixxm.; u, Sm.-I have the honour to transmit henwith a Heoort of . P •. , '^""""'^ ' ''' '"" ' together with a Memo of A.rroement and the T . f ^ """'"''° °^ '">' ^xecuti,. Council aO this Province audtl-nV.vC;:n^.:.'',;^::\r:;:;:T^^ *''^ ^•^""•'''••>' Q"-^-- ^etwee^ Excelh-ncy the Governor Oeneml in Coundl '''''''-' '■"''•'" ""^^ '"-^ ^'•-^''t ^^^'f'^re His I have the honour to be, air, Your obedient servant, Honourable J. A. Chapleau, (Signed) J. C. Aikln . Secretary of State, Ottawa. ^7 '^ '''''^' ''"-' -''z^.^:zr -~— . THE ... rlc..se. to refer the sai.l case to the J Xia Vlmi; ^ "l'--*-' "-• ^^'^i-^tv that she i e hearing and con.si,leration. i„ o.d.r that thco mnlT H n ''* Honourable Privy Council f.,r -id cse shouhl be obtained in u dal ' U \t " "f ?" "'"" ^•>-l"-^-"-tated in the Ontario and ilauitoba. ^^'^-"iance «.th the agreement between the sail Governments of Certified, J. G. Scott, (^lerk, ExtcxUive Council, Ontario. Li' Mtonant- Manitoba, to Spcrotaiy State (Can.), 4 Jan., \mi. Appendix. Sec. I. Rfftn^rr to the Privi/ Vdund/. The LiEinENANT-GovERNon of Ontario to the SECREPAny of State (Canada). Government FIousr, Ontario, CI,,, I, , Toronto, I'ith Janunrv ^HH4. ^^S.^ -^'i-t ,.ossil,Je Wnv ^a I r I " ;V''' ;r' n"^ Ci.vern„,.„t uill he pl..e.I, o„ tl.o M-3 r.,.e.UhoJu,,K.i.yc::!:L ^^ 1^;7cle^^ to ......en.. Ho.- M^.t, to betuc.nti.etwor-.vornnu.ntsof On n-f. .u: , " " * " '^''" '^■'''"'' '"^^ '''''^'" •■^S''^""! to Proving:; oi':::^rrw:;tir, ■':::;::■ 'f^''" - "■"-'" - «» -"--- - »-«. .» ..» I have the lionour to lie, sir, Your obudient .servant, Honourable J. A. Chapleau, "^^^^^ Beve]{i,ey RoBrNsoN, Secretary of State, Ottawa. Lieutcnant-Cwvenwr uj Ontario. 20 •^ ^'^ oouNci:,, ON Tin; (tit Mav iviqj. Omnnttfie nf tl,„ P„:.... r, "" '^^■^^' ^^^*- Muuite.s of Council of their res„eetivo P January, 1884, respectively, enclosin'r Att0rne3.0e.ra. Of t..t.o;;:-r::;i:=t t;,;tr!!!^t!!?^^ -1^-- - ^'t^: Attorneys-General of the t.; ^:::^:: :z:::::^i:i ''" r^t "' ''' '-'^ ^^'-''^ ^r;;;: of tl-e^caso and of the joint agreenaent relaUn,; tWel. "'''"" '"'"'""^ «' ^"^^^'"^ -'^ '^ -PX fT'T"'"^'^"^'^''^^^^ were referred, reports that the to Her Mapsty. with a prayer that Her ^lai'tv , m'b I tr'V° '""""^* *'^« '''■'•^'^ '^^--' "I-" nuttee of the Mo..t Honourahle the Privy ( ounci S ^,^7'^ "'"■.^'" '^'^"^ ^" ^'-' "^"J'--' Com- 30 despatch to the same ellect is sent by tJe gT'I^Im ''?"'' "P'"'°" '"'^^ ^^" '-' '''--n. A Your Excellency's Governn.e„t be bound by I Z i , s t 'l " ' " ''" "'"^'■"'"' '-^'l"^^'^* *'-* tl>eln,.er.a Parliament .should be a.skedfo"Ck u^^ well as on the Provinces eoncerne.i. ^^' ""^ '''^"■^'°" obhgatory upon the Donn-nion as The Minister recommends that conies of f I, wi n.,tt.i to the Secrctao^of State forZ cln ^ t^i: ^^r'''''^ f' ^'^'^ ''^'^ -'^^-"-. ^^ trans- Her.M„je,sty with the hun.ble prayer that H J^ t''\ 7"" ^'"^'. '^ -" ''^^ the sa,ae before chapter 41, section 4 (In.perial Act.), to refer the e ^^« ' , ^ ''"'''• '""'"'• '^ '^"'' ^ ^^'i'"'^'" I^^ Ontano and Manitoba respectively for the boa „ ^^ "'*"" "" '"^''"'^ "^ "'^' «'vern„.ents of Her Most Honourable Privy Council. "^ ""' cousuieration of the Judicial Comnn'ttt :f 40 Ihatasregardstheboumlarvline .sof-.ra. ifoff . ., ,■ To Tho Honourablo the Secretary of State. J'"IN J. McGl-E, C-'n-k I'rh-i/ CouHcil. 40 50 )A). mnry, 1884. r.ihlo Jiuiios swl, on tho iMujcsty to ilHfOiMl to niiiiluiy of s licrowith Ii from His li the two connected IT. 10 eutenant- enclosing 3 by the i til,,,, Winn! 'J""""'™ ' ' C''n*l». ■' "as enacto.l that the and c>,n,lili,„„ a, „,i^.l,t l„ a.,rcca l„ l.v th. IT^ r i , f ?" P™>"'co, u,,„„ ,„cl. torn,. .0.,. i„ n.|a.i„„ to any P„,vi„c„ affcitcl thoroby. ^By a cX on o t' "I 'V',' ^"''°" °' '""■ boundary ot thi» Province to a.Kitratio,,, „v t^t "p v, LV ™ 1. " r " "'T'T °' 'I""-'"" nor in Conncil .,,„„,J .,. fi. It i, con^Wcd i^Y :'k; Z .^^^^^^^^^ ' ° Uc-»tc„.nt «„v„,. qnction of tl» nortl.i,,, l,„„n,l.,y of tlii, P,-„vLo ,l„„ri „?, ,," ''•"P"'"-'"' "'«' 't. as tho otlior. In yi.w of the. ohjocl.,, the unde™gno,l. h f , i^ hi i iu^n '"■'■■""'''' ';,"'""'""" busincs, was «ullio,izi,l i,y ti,„ „i|,„ „„„y,.., „, v°„„ ij, , , , . """"" "" ""'" P"''"« and western boundaries of the Provinee of Onta, o h u 1 1 , """"""S «'« "»"l>om to be ,„„t„al,y a.-reed „,,„„, and whose' l," it I ,1 i ' li .1?""° ■ ri" """" '° "''"""'" thoir deei»ion tho eon«de„ee aiihe of the people o"f ol •:"at,";;^":,e™,::'!ff IhX dlr '""" '" P.f :^;:^:;:^:^:::^^r;sr;r -r:]-; :,:stz i;:::r - - » Chief L;--s:i—:=^ii:~^ ofo,rri:;rr;or.t!l::;;T^^^^^^^^^^^^^ ^:h:;:;t^:;:li::,r":;:Vd,::t7irr'^''^''T™^''^ to agree „pon a third person to I. 2 so ia e „th K ' ' ' T- , " """' '"■""" '*"»» »''''"»'. ^ Canada. „„d that the .leter ,alio, .^ v , .', r ' T I"' '""'"" ""' l»i"S « ■'"sident of the n„,i.s to ,„ t„.e„ as , fri'.'eh'^rc ^ ati^id"^;;'::;;';'" ""' "°^ "°-'-'- -p- .ToiNT ArPKNMU. Sec. II. The A rhitration. Ontario Order of Keference, 1874. 10th November. 1874. Adam Crooks. "Sen. Pftpors, Ontnrio, 1875-G, No. 14, p. 14. If JOIJJT 8 nr TI, r^ . NOVKMDER, 1874* " ™b: ^JTH DAT OF ^-•Wr.'^/on. „ '-°"™'*'fce of Council havo 1,™^ i O.^.TroHe.o:r''''"''''^''''' '«'•' ^''vend.er ,s;4tirt7°'"'"""°" ^''« — '' Report of the Hon .. «^' 0. Scott, CT.Ti Executive Council, Ontario. Dominion Order of BKP0RT0F4C " "- ""'^^'""•'' ^«"«'-'''. ^n^ano. Referauoe. recommends concurrence in H '''°'''''' ^'7^' f'-"™ *!'« Hon MrM,.t • . ^^ reference the northen ali w 7T*"" °' ''"^ «overnn,ent of LtXto^T""'- "'"^^'^ ""^* ^« That the Ontario G V ^''^■^''"•'\ b'^""J'^"e« of that Province rekthe VV, '™'°' ^^ ™^^"« ^^ » Ontario, as one of the t>7"""'?' '"^^•"'^ "-"-' ^'- Hon. W,1l Im R , , p f '"' "' ^^' ^'^'"'"'''°- Lieutenant-Governorof tf T' '" '""'""'•^ "^ "-- "^ thei oT U, f "i r'^' "^'"'^'^ '^"■^^'- of . ,^^ f'Tther recommends that th^ n • • W the„".l, "'"''"'»"« "- »""'»., and w J„„,TJ;;'"J ^ f-* .=«■-' '» the co„du.,„J " Th« p •.. rovuice of Ontario in accord- ine Oommitteo submit ^ha ok Certified. W. A. HlMSWOHTH, JJBPAinMKNT OF THE SecuktaUY OF StaTE, «f w^^!''~'^ *™ directed to transmit to von f *i ■ , Oitawa, 21st Nov. U^^ I navA *l,- 1- . J I have the honour to be, Sir, Your obedient .servant, EwoL'ARD L. Langevi.v, i^«(/er-.SVcre^aryo/,Via^e. The Under-Secretart OF State rf^^.T^ STATE (CA.VA.A) TO HoK. LeMUE. Aua.V W,..or ^ g __ "'"•"''^"^■•^•'^-^HESKCRErARvnFSn.K eiurn, 19th March, 1881, No. 37, p. 22. 40 *(!, :'rn DAT OP of the Hon. tho 1 tiDiin.lanoM of cy, aiul that the *'. Ontario. SRNoR-GENEKAt tating that he by means of a fhe Dominion, 'ief Justice of 'not, formerly », and advises ada, and that e limits to be 10 ce of Ontario • conclusions io in aucord- 20 / P. C. "ARIO.f 1874. SO ' 'in Order ■eferees to est of the 10 20 "» «-. -1 ™« K, t,.e (..:.: ;,t,;:L;'™,';: :, ',;■>■ .'"« ^^-—n' -^ 'i.« not l...in,- a ro4,l.„t „r (;,„„.1« ; tl,. ,l,.to,„ i, ■ i , . . '™ ■■"'"'""'.>■ '» "S''™ "1-" « H.inl eo„o,.„u.. „„„ «,„ „„„, „ ,; ta,„^:r:;;;;t;::;:,; v:::i:',::;:ii;:;r -"■- - '- «"-' ■ at, a,„l for .,ul,li»hi,„. the „„rt ° , 11, T°7 ^^ ?'""= """' '" ""-' ™'=l"i"." «rivc.l tl,o,-c,viH,. " '""" '"'' "«"<"" I"""' "f '1" Province of Onlario [„ acco,,la„» I have the honour to be, Sir, Your obedient .servant, Edouaud J. Langevin, Hon. L. A. Wiliuot, Frederietion, N.B. Under-Secretary of State. Joi.NT Appendix. S'■"»"■ »' of..,. Order i,. Ceuneil, „„J the r^l^^L j T,: "L "th!";: ':""'' •*" Tr "'"' "°'-°"'""' '""^ arbitration. . ^'^^ ^l^"- the Itvasurer relating' to .such proposed 30 ) I have the Iionour to be. Sir, Your obedient servant, I. R. ECKART, Tlie Honourable Wm. Buell Richards, Assistant Secretary. Chief Justice of Ontario. Aijpointmont iif ( liitario Arbitrator, 1S7J. ate. 40 ■4. cil has iwtion ONTARm Act, 38 Vicr., cap. vi. (1874) tare of any Province of ll 7 d 11 "^' """ "'"" '" ''""-■ "■'"> «"= «»»■>' "' "„■ Le-.i! Province, ion .„r.c,t:,i::::::::x^^^ f ™° ""^^ '"« "■"■'» °f-- t... like co„.ent, n,ake provision re,p«: „ t ^T^X^'!; ""'" ''t"""'"'' """ ■"">'• """ i____^^^^^-u^„^.^i ofi. ,r.Mon of iiny such increase or diminution 2 * Seas. Papers, Ontario, ISyS-brN^yiiTpTlsr Joint 10 M or altei-atioii of teirit «^.allIm,^eclarcdt I . *^'' "ortho-ly an.l we.tcrl.h ^ ^ *"^ *^'" ^^ ^^^^ arbitrators *" ^He we^te^^i:::^^:.;-'-^. ^"^ -^^-'^ ^ou:s ^:S":. rr 'r ^^ "^^^ ^-^'-^ a-^ aforesaid, a„,J ti.at the P T '"'"' "'">' "^^ "' ''ke „,a„„er dec kr! J K T J!' "'"'""^ ^^^'^^l ^e as 20 • the award. "^ '' ^'^ ^'^" -^^^^nce of Ontario, so that fl.! ""''' '''' """-'''^''ise alter the 2. In case th. i : '"""' "''^ ''' '" accordance with i-apable of exercisir. i^T^'/Pr"!:' '7 "" ^^-''tenant-Governor should V place, and in c,.se either of X s. l"; ' ^'^"^-^nt-Governor in a>uncirl "■- ''''^"' "•• '^«'"''°° «f i, the Lieutenant-Govl'r in '■;■ "''^'^^^''^^ «'>°"'d die or r ""„ 0^7 '''""' ""^'^^^ '^ ^^ lo Proclamation w«.« ,-ao.,„j , . • . °°^* 30 '"" ^"°'"'""°" ~ '■-"-«.«., AoU„t , f„™. 1878. ■^S.^?^, , Upon o„„,Mo„«„„ „, „„ . ,^ , '""■ 'S7a. ■ ™-'-«'»'™™ ™. ,,,, „„ „, m relation to the re^t of +T 7. ^^° "ortherljand westerlvln T' ^^ '^"''''^« "^ Ontario be Richards, who, siL ll apjSlt^™ f"' T ^"^ -'" -^sti oT r:^^^^ "'^ ''r'' °^ «"'ario Court, and subsequently r^i^dts '^'•^^^'-^-^ -as ap.ooin Ld UhS r"?^ '^^ "^''^'"^ ^"^" having named Sir Francis n, "PP^'nt.nent as arbitra or^K n •^"'*"' "^ ^^^^ «"preme Lemuel Allan Wiln^tdeelfd ! fd 7 t 't ■^'•^'^-^- i S ZnZTT f ''' ^"--'- 40 - behalf of the Government If te Do ''' ""^"""''^^^^ S- Edw^d T l!*"'."'-*'^ ^^^^--^o '' mination of the award of such tW ?•?'"" ""^^ ^"^'^"o; and alL re .'"'°^ ^««° "««'ed boundaries re.,pectively, be talTn aJfi T '"f*"^^' °^ ^ "'^Jo itj of 1° „ "'"r"'^'"^ '^'' *^« ^eter- *''-. Paper, OuraH^Tis^Xv^niT^^ ' ^ = tlio northerly and htn-cnr., sul.ject to 'n agreed by the iioriH wiiich have >" ; An-1 whereas nourable Lemuel the Lieutenant- loiiraWe William ■r>!, and the two tlio Honourable ]() t in conjunction «aiil ar()itrat()r,s lies a« afoiesaid ssembly of the da may declare the arbitrators this Province, rvise alter the cordance with rn, or become lother in his ible a,s afore- made in his e his Procla- 30 DAY OF 0th day of 'ntario, be of Ontario iam Buell Supreme dominion 40 wourable n named he deter- the said 'io agree '%'it be ling the See. II. Hie Arbitrations Dominion OriliTof Ili^furenoo, 1«78. 11 Certified. ^"""'"'^ I Lonsdale Capreoi, ^ ^^«3»8ton< Clerk Executive Council, Onlario. Rkport of a Committee op the Privy rorrvnrr rn 10 the Honourable W. B. Richards, then Chief Just^c^f Onf 7 '" ^°""''' '"^'^ ^''''^ ^^^'^^ed to ince, but who was subsequently replaced by the nresln r. /t'' T , """ ''^''""' ^" '"'half of tl,at Prov- the Honourable Sir Francis nlnck's, whors be n named ,;'1^r'^' ""— ^'« «• A- Harrison,and quontiy to the action taken under Ord r o CoLei Tnf^'' '' T ''TT'''' ' '""^ ^'^^^^ -b- between the Governments of the Dominion an^o!! \-'^'' ^^^^"'bcr, 1.S74. it was mutually a^rreed Thornton should be selected as third Xee 'he Co'"' ' ?' *'" ^''''' """«"™^'« Sir Ed^I^d confirmed by Minute of Council, and that the de'terminatZf TT"""'^ '''^' '''''' ''^'''''^ ^^ B.ve upon the limits to be taken as and for each wl^rrefp^lt^^^^^ "'^"^^ ^° ^"^^ -^ --1- Certified. 20 ^- A. HlMSWORTH, Clerk Privy Council, Canada. before it, purch„. of tbo ri.Ms of the nZZ-lZ,- a.nplv ' ' '"" "°""°'™ "' '^''"■""' '■'"' --«» In tl,8 ptosent ,lis|,ute the claim „t Onteri,-, i, i„ ,1. i , . Snawa."' by .1,0 P„vi„co of CW. before cLf^Je™ ,: '„"';';;;'';"' ""* T -""'""^ "'-"»! ".«>» 30 that tl,e de,„.„,| ,„ „,.H„ „^ j.,,,^ ^„j ^.i,,,^,,';; J'' >■>■ ""' »»"'■"»» afterward,. It i. ,^-^,^^ organize, , woul.l earry it, which wonid be to the pLi c <> .^V r, f ' '"'"'"'■J' "" »"'""•« be the While Earth River; and this [he ,howod1 woT.l T^n • . '"^ "itersected, whicli would previon,ly known to the French. . . The J,t itlv , T"""""" "■'"' "'» ''^«<'"' »' Canada lake Superior bein, therefore «. »ontl,erly boundary of Ca„.da, found. I, ,t the White Karth River, the lir,t water. oHh.M ■ "■' '° "'""■" """ P™"' » to b^ «0,eet,, or i, it the ,u„n„it of the Rocky Mountatao!,.''™'"'''" .""* ">» ■!»' »«»' line inte^ bou„d«:y„fLouaiana wa, ultimately so constid""' ""°° '"™'l* """ "" "-"rMinol. ^noiiiriX^::^^ Hudsons Bay, or else that the CompanyV: territory is ^ 5^'' ''?''*'^ P°'^^^ «» ^'^^ ''^''ore of has_no^P«vticn!a^ ^' * ' " "^ '"-^"'- ^"^ consequently that Canada * Soss. I'uporH, OntHiio, 187!). Vofl 17^^:02^ " ' — __ •foiNT Al'I'K.NIilx. 12 j 4. La Nouvelle F.anoe ' w,. . , ,en „n,I / . ^'-'^'""•^Hy. and without limits. In other words thi fat. ', ''"' '° "'« '■'■■e™' by virUil „f T ,■ '' ""' ' "''*"" ''y 30 G- By the Treaty of Utrecht 17l-i < f»,„ r , <"7 A , „ . ooiong tliorcto, were finaJIv 7. As no definite boundary wa " 9. No other o- «.,,... ' ' '""''"^ ''"^'^''^ °f Canada -Js5E5H=iS=S;s:s^-:-sr fi 18 rhn.f'.^''^l'l'""n*;y 'ff' '" '''""' "^ ^^''' ^'''''' '""^* '"^ ^'^^l"*!^'" from U,o operation of the Cha.ter. .nchulos all tl.o la.uls ,it for cultlvatio,. an.l settkmon.t in that part of Hritisl. C,i"' Ontario claims that the official vie«'.s of the (iovern.nent of th.- Do.ninion as thus ..xnrossed should pn«^«y«o.e bo carrie.l out as between the Dou.inion an.l the I'nnince, n ss )o i In uoves hat the ass.. , on. so n,a,le by its Ministers wer. ,als. or n.istakeu, an.l that tl e^^ a ^ h they le.l was untounde.l. The onus of proof is on the Donnnion. ('nJtZfT"\^>!^f'^''''T ^?^'''' ^' ^-"'""-'^'^t'^'l to the Government of the Province of ir'est \t"Mn.^^ the .leeisionof the Privy Councl woul.l ,ive " to Canada a clea 10 ;^"''y^^^^ ^" "7 !"»V;*, t'>'^ ^I'-'-^-PP' an.l sou,o c.msi.lerable .listance north of what the Hudson's Bay^Company clann; though not any territory ■- west of the westernn^ost head of the MislXi But the claim of the Dominion as nm.le in l,S72, after havin. acjuired the C.mpanvs ri^ht and as ma.le now. proposes to hunt the Province on the west to the m'ri.lian of the conLnce of tho Oluo and M.ss:ss>pp,, var.ous y stated as 8S^ 50', ,s.= .«'. an.l .S!,^ !,' 27" ; and to linnt the Provin et he north (as the Company clanned m 1857) by the height of land which divides the waters tirtfa 11 into Hudson's Bay from those that fall into the St, Lawre.ice ami its lakes. In support of the clain, which Ontario represents, the Province relies on the arguments of the M,n.ters o t e Province of Canada before Confederation, the ar.un.ents of the Min s " of Donnn:on, the esal op,n.on of the learned Chief Justice, and the argun.ents set forth in Mr. Mills' 20 Report, and :n the other papers, on the same si.le, which have been collecte.l an.l printe.l for the purpose of the present arbitration. The evulence obtaine.l during the present year affords some fresh ar^miients in favour of the same views. "'oi'iin-m.^ clainr' *'''■''"* statement is a summary of .some only of the f.cts a.ul reasons which support Ontario's In 17C3, France ceded to Englan.l, Canada with all " its .lependencies," reservinents n.a.le by the .said Royal Proclanmtion a v rv large exten of territory, within which were .several co'onies an.l settlements of the .^M ts o 'l^.^eT who claimed to remain therein under the faith of the said Treaty, was left without any provision beim: ma.Ie for the admm.strat.on of civil government therein." The Act therefore provided " that all ^ territories islands, and countries in North America, belonging to the Crown of (ireat Britain 'bJund on the south by a line, therein described, from the Bay of Chaleurs t.. " the Rivp,- Ol,;. ,"""^'* the hank of U,e^id river westward to the banks of I Mississippi,! t^'^i::^:;^ boundary ot the territory graUed to the M.n.hants Adventurers of England trading into Hu.o.'s Bay. ■ ■ . be and they are hereby, during His Majesty's pleasure, annexed to and made pai' am *^ Srber 1TO3'™""" "" "'"''^ '"^ established by the said Royal Proclamation of tS.e 7th Ontario ccntemls that a true construction of this language requires that the line northerly from the confluence of the Ohio and Missi.ssippi shoul.l follow the Mississippi River to its .source. That this is not only the just construction of the language employed but was nl«n fl i intention of Par..,unent, is shown further by the history and the kmlwif^bjecl of tl el i , IT' proceedings thereon in the House of Commons, .-.nd by the letter of the Ri.dit Hon«nr..bl . r > Rn, the Roynl C.m„rii'4'.i.",n which was issued immediately afterwar.ls (viz •27th Decoi 1 50 to Sir Uuy Carlcton, a.. Captaiu-Ucneral and Governoi-in-Chief o.f the rrovince, expressly describes tlio .ToI^rt ArpKNiiix. .s.'c. ir. T/lr Arljilriitiim, Case of Ontario, lui 8iil)iiiitti'(l tn tho Arhitra* tora, 1878. 14 AfUHDIl. The ^rbitratioH. {l-J On fjin rrv..,. 1 i1 , .. ,,.„J' :"f '"■."..''""■"■"-".r. remove ^, „..„,..„' " " ° """""" ''"■"""""" '""l <''»"'■ the bo!,ndL/bcTwfen^The 'Iw^^^^ States inl7«. •. »orth-we,steman£rleofVn *7° .'^^""'"^^ should be a line the L,^. n . ? ' ^^ ""^'^ '»^^«^^ ^^afc tJ^o Lake of the Woocis "7 "t"' "'™"-^'' ^^^^^ Onta. o ErtH "'^t' "^ '''^•^"'^°'^' '''•«"' ^he J.c„-pli„„ in ji,; j^, ,„„„,,X^;'*" """ ""» ■'■'«'/ ('lafJ 22„.l April ,786, ,„„ , ,,. '' Bippi-andthoreforelhrJasClr'"''"' "°"^'' not intersect what is now k previous to the pas!,"; Th^Aer'J"" ?°"''^ '^'^'^ P'^' A Papef X?"^''^'°'' ^^ ''^ .--rn- oi Quebec into two P^vinej ' ^^ . ''^-"^"'^^ *'- line proposed to be drlwn f ^TV '' P^"-"-"-* from the head of thesaidrnt /^''J^P''^ t'aced the line of d,V;« T !"' ''"''^''"^ t^'" Province Bay; inCudin, all Zt^'tlylT'T 1"^ "-^" -«' it' d^: trbo.^: '^'r^^"""»"' "^^ of the country commonly called or k f*"''"''^ ^"^ .southward of the .1 r '^ ^'"' "'" ^"^'■^°" « On the 24th Au^usf 7 n"" ' "" "'^"^ "^ ^^^^^ ' ' '° *'" "'"°^* ^'^^-* Paper had been presented o ^ 7 ' ^" ^''""^'"J ^a.s passed recif in of Quebec should be divided 40 ^>ank of tho said Bay Company. «'Ji St'ptoHibor, liad done. •eing along the f tho intention i (^amdcu waa i tor-General— JO riflaries of the al boundaries pleasure, and d, the Crown agreed that 'ed, from the [^ake, etc., to e.sterp point 20 Jllowed thii. y a line " to int thereof, em bound- the Missis- sected, the very fully the course 30 ec, recited 111 en t, hia Province e govern- irlianient Province fJg, " and Hudson's t extent 40 hat this 'rovince 3-Chief istruc- effect lor in vided 15 into two distinct Provinces, to be calliMl \\w Pinvin^o ,<• ir yi i . . commence at a stone boundary, fete. 1 runniny nnrHi t«r..r.f,. .• i ' "iM«ion, viz. .— i o Ail n- i , . . "■ ^ 'i"mmg north twenty-tivo dcjifrces east unt 1 it stvikon Mm «w. n. »lled o'r k„„wa by the „.,„= o! Si' " "" "'"•°"-""" »' "» -"»"■/ -nmonly XlW.. the Arbitra- That the country then commonly callcrl nr Vnr>wr. Kt, +t.„ r <-, , '""• ^'*^''- On the 12th September. 1791, a Commission issued to Lord Dorchester this boinc fl a Commission issued after the Treaty of 17.S3. It recited the Commis^, ofS 2.;" L^ ?7^^^^^ 77^ Provmce of Quebec an to separate Provinces, by a line therein specified •' the Pr.v nee of Upnr Canada to comprehend all such lands, territories and islands lyinc. to the westward Tt tie ti 1 it^^ division as were part of our said Province of Ouebef" Tl,w /.. p westward ot the said line of supposed and intended to include all 1 e eStty bolon nrr/'^"T"'"?7''''"^ prob.Uy«„,.„tc„ by ..king L^ of t„e la„«u4 of W^ „f mstThuVXrr "" form of expression was therefore substituted which waa free from this difficulty ^Lor^^r^t^Ttf^ *' *Y,«"^^^'^''.^^-«--^^«f Canada, up to and including that of canada,aS:dr:;r^.:^^/zis:rcirr^^^^^^ ISSS^to^H T'' '"^'.^^^"'^ Commissions, from the Commission to the Earl of Durban. 30th March th.3horootH„jL\BJ» Th' ^ """I f™\""= '"«»•' "f »iJ lake [T«mi«a„,i„,.l, until it strike, 10,„,„e line »„thofthe SJT^.,' '','"'' "•»'»"«■■ '^P^^'on could be supposed to refer to no further, s.yiug nouiiu/jrL^tr r::x° '„:r r.'r "oTer: '''v'7t°'- -^ ^posed that the southerly boundary of the ProviU ^Ir^Id ^rlorrikf ^u^'^^l' forme. Province, of Upper .nd Lower C.u"tf " " "' '""""'^ " cousftuted of the ArpK fllNT Now tho Pn «i ■OVIIico of f^|>por(] inail.i, from , I« period . , J» -W of an those consi , r ' "' '''''''' *'- Cou: ; ^'«-^is.sipj)i which a ill , ^' "''' P"'nt «f coinmonf ''''" '^^ ^''^ ^oods K h, ''^'''"''>' T''en as to the Northern bo„n i •'^^""nta.n.s ? ^'^'^" «t the V^^ood, strikes ? ■It Jiaij )lor,r, „i. , •' j^ J ■"•""^"1 boundary: The claim of the T) , • • ''^"''"'7 has alu-avs beJ, nil " I>'"'ci|'al di(»c,df ». J -^ submitted, for tJ.e IbJ „. "°" '^ ^I^'^* the bounda,-. .7 """■'•'^^'^^"'"ecl line. '■' ^'"'^ '^' 40 30 40 f t d o: tl b. Ills: t all ev(.;its, ININ, •t't"^, i'ntore• s IS (2.) Because tho Ifei-ht of frmd was not clain.,.,! or sn..,r„s(,.,| i . M r- intenlion of the Charter, or as bei„,r the measure uF iU ( '"""'.^^ '' ''> ''« ^ -"'n-'y as bniny ll.- and a half after the dale of tin, (^ 1' ^^ a^Z ^-'""^ statute by the Company tl.emseiv..s against I r . • .t ' -'"^'I'l-mneoiis exposition of the years, !., without other Ividenco. cl'lu^v;' '^'""'' ""'' '""'"" ''-"' ^•""^'"-'' i'"' ' '0 in (3.) Because the alleged rule, that the discovery and possession of (),.. J> , r n^'ht to the rivers an.l the land a-ljoinin. the .^uJu-^J^Z^^T , "^ '" ""^' country give a of this Charter being grante.l. and i.ght^ot to^^.;; t S ^ ^^ n"^.^:^ T ^' H 'f t' 'T on reason and necessity ; i>ut there is no just reason or necess v for u 1 v '", T '"'""''"' a river nearly ;},()()() ,„i|,.s h,ng. "'.ccssity lo. .ippiy.ng sueli a rule ni tho case of (4.) Because the French, from the beginning of tho seventeenth rentnr.. „ • • „ territory to the south of th,. lauds watered by thC rivers flow "1 , "to iT^ ^ '"' '" r''"'™ "^ "'^ their explorations and settlen.ents to the held waters of I L f "'"•■\' ' "^^^^ were extending the interior of the comitrv Tl ere is „. ' i 1 """^' '"^'^ it"'l«ons Bay, and to the iUy, into which lie i 'n ' ,o v a I t toT 7''"") " "''' '"^ «'^'"^' ^" ^''^' ^'----^ "'• 20 discoverers (if the English were su .d.o d not ' I '"'''''"''T "'"' •^""'-""ts in favour of -« - to rights t ^ceup^ " :;^g :^"t^ i^:; ";r:;:--J^ f- -;--- «;;,t'>o country. The the supposed rule as to the Height of Lanossesion Th v v ^ '" , '' ""7'"' "°'' ^''^■^ ^''« -^"^'^'^^l '>i«««very hy the in 1517; and no sc^l^t' of pos:^;ion o I^t^^ .^ i:'^'"? 1- entered the Bay, is said to have^.een being an interval of 150 >-ears SiH am is ? / ^""''^'' '"^'"'' ''''' ''^ P'-'^tended 30 w,. on the east side of the B^. ^ . ^ Lme Z ^l^l 'V'' T' '''''''''' ^^"^'°''*^' ^'-'^ actjng und.. the authority of L French 0^2:,^ hil^ : X^;:!^:;'::: I ' 1 1 I"'" = ^'^^^""^ m the French Kings nn-,-... and set up the Royal Arms there X iw ha / Labltlf 1^ Tr"" venient pmnts for trade with the Indians and l,o,l . i , . ^^'^tablished posts at con- the Indians around the Bay. In c4 ho Ku" !! 1 P """ '''''"''''^ *'" "'^^'^''^ ^^^^^ -'th trade to an extensive terriL.y-i,:.di!ri^^lV^^^^^^ "^ ^^'^ ^>-" *''" '''^"'^ ^' Under sueh circumstances, tl. rule invok;d b;2^]^iniJ:h:;n:i;;;H:^:: ^"' '"^^ ''' ''''-'''■ What then is to be regarded as tho southerly boundary of the territory of the Company ? 40 for other re.Lns. Some In^al o^ir^ n lave inde 1 "'^ •" f"'"' "' '^'^ '""'"^'"^>'' '^'^ -«" «" as respects the whole ter.ito y t l' :ht « ' ,>r,''"'; •" ''''""' "'"'" ^''^''^"^^ ^' *^- ^^^-t- these opinions were based upc^ th Co itVit 'nt tl'i^T^^^ 7T ,""" '^ *''^ ^'^'"P^"^' ^»* -;:— -"^ proprLrs of the ui:^'^^:;: uirjdix-- 1 r::::^ of the Lake of the Woods, say latitude 4r2r ^V' f tt . '''*''' ™"'' north-western point the northern boundarv w:,ld ). ^ Tin! 1-' Jv V '^'T '"" """ '" ''''" ^"''^•^"''^ ^'^>- t-ritorv. bound^y is iHrther n^rth than .dslTut i::;:::;r::,::;':rr"'^ ''''''''-'■ ^'^^- ^^--^ .IdlNT Ai'i'K.vim. sw. ri. Till ■trliitriihm. '■ ■ l-t (! H«c, n. fane of •'ntttriii, IK 18 ''■"' '■- "'» "'~vi„,ml I „, *n(l westerly of H,,. r> . ? ' "'° ^ '^"'I«f>y, as ivrnin.f H, • . Oliartur jnto.i.Ie.I ors,;J ;. '^'i\f,^7;^^^^ t" the C,.,nv,/an,, to the ^a«iutend..d to accrue to r' '"P'-' '''^ ^''" '^'^ ''" Ai,.eric-a -accr,! "'^: ''"l''"^""-^"* of the (^•^ ^^i-iear an./ " 2 ""''T"'' ''''"■'■ "^^" ^^^-'^^ be.::;,."""'' ^^'^^ '^--'"'-d. and ('>) On the other hand ♦! n • ^ of Uko Winni,.. :,^"^;;" '^ ^'^^ ^'"-l-ny neither trad J , "c^. r YT""' *'"^" '" '^^ '^>-'y yiiebec for carrvin-r „n ti r "^ Beaver nn■; ami tin, y ^vfifttfver di' ■^■"I'V; ftn.l all 't-''! »or tlu'iii- 10 tn J ; or wlmt- own with the Jvvncd at (ho I'tor iiitt'iidfd •ry Routheily > and to the of thousands gi^t', to the tish .Milijocts 20 L'ovcr, .settle lich Kngland iiont of the quired, and that until rior of the « not very vidence is 30 country he Treaty '" or West oni/iany'a tion was 90. nelly va. charter some an 'Jiztd at 40 88 and 1 panics, western «, and trade ey liad e and i and ipany nents gg 1» iiinnithelongoltothcCrownofFrancaiitthftf ♦;. * > (7.) U „,«.v l„, ,„M,„|, a., if „„. u,tu ''""'■'"■■'• ''"""■-■'>• ' '■■>■ ""l".i; «..■! I......U.B. * " l»™n 11,0 All,«l„c. cuntiy .,,.1 „„ x? I,n»,"„", ' , " 'l' ""•''""» "«>■ "" ".- »"". .'..1 1..- •"'-»-' ('*<.} H<'t\\((on I (;70 ftho last iliit,. ..o ii • . Cuieof :ii,un..U. „.. I,..:.... , , .. . '"^" t'"'} '""I .■'•"HoUslveXDlorod «,>,! I ...i .. '^t\nr u.^ Arl.itra. •"!-« U.ver. the lied Iliv,,r, tlu, A.sinihoine Riv. V ' ir ^^'""'I'^"'' f"^'^" Manit.,l,a, on the Win- •" w-t to the Rocky A,o„,,ain,s, wt^ ^ ., '. •' "'" "'•' "''"^^' ""' ^'-^'-^atehowa ,, a, do omto, which, in the following ...^u^^^ lln^:tl v"' ''' ^'"'"'"'^ '^^>'' '^"•' --" *»>« ;Nteonte,s.sedlytheyhadco,.tn,.tedin[ nop, m ^ ^"':'''"''^' ^'''""""' ""'''"• tl'"ir Charter. ^'';";- "--V"'^' -^^^"^ *■'■-' *'- "'M- (ot'^ ,."';" "^ '"'^ ^'■'"' '""" '-;,' '^'-r 17.i3- es ahl,,shed in 1774. It wa.s not unt I 700 th h. ha .'"'T- "'';"" '^' '"""^'"""'O ^"^^i"^ »'-" .1..1 not enter the valley of the Red Hiv.. l!lii ,o;;\,r:;.Zir '" '"" ''' '"'^ """''' ' -"' "'^'^ (!)) Franco Iia.l also, on the n(irHioil,. .; I r ii ,■ ... ;Mhe ,r i ,. . und. and wa. :;;^'- I'i ^ ' 1 1.' li^^:'' ^•':- Al.hitihi, which wa. north "'f I't »f Land, an.l upon the htko of the sa.ue nl ne a c.ns.deral.le distance north of the ^0 I ndson s Day. The French had also F, St Ir ^ i "o ;th' AM *'"" /.''""' ''""^''''•>' «"- "'t^' «t-ll h.gher up on the san.e river Fort La Afaun eTa uled ab^^^^M^^^^^^ "'"'■'' "'" '""'^ '" '^^^^^ -J Fort NemLscau, on the lake of that • ''"''''' '''""'* ""' ^'^'"'- i"''-'-! I «nd, to the east. *^^^;.> and the B.y ; this^tt^^^ t);:;;;; "of':r"? i^-'-v-f^-^ '--en u.e Mi.: or the (Jun.pa..y ever con.plain. The Frencl ha I .1 ! """ *'"' *'"' ''"^''i^''^ n,.vernn,ent ---' in one of the n.enJria. of the lZ^:;'L tZ^^t!:: llS : ,^1^ ^"-'^' '-'« ^^ -n- whiri;i;::^7;:-r;r :^^ f -^r-^ -...ation, two oe 30 then elain.ed. The liL which th Ln.: iv^^ "t^'T" '•"""^?'"'' "'"'^^ ^''"^^' ^'^ <^>' W "o.th <. the Height of Land, even as show: onTh na^ ril '^ r"'"'"'". '"'''"'"'' '^ eons..le.'ablJ n,an s R,ver_a river not named on this nnn Im./T ' ' ? '"" '' ^'"'••"" '"•'''l" to cut French- other rivens shown on the n.ap as Ho ^ 1' o 1 :r'r'""'r "'"' ''" ^^''^'*'^' I«ver-and ,sev ral (wlu.^ is nusplaced. hein, represent ^^d^.^^l J '?;:^ '''\ '''^ ^^ -^ ^^ ^^ake Winni ::^ ' Jort Nelson), thence northerly alon. the east^. l;! Tu' "'• """"'"■" ""'"^ ''^ *''« '^^^itudc of rhon.as Snuth-s Sound in Batlin's Bay Th n f tl ?""*'"'^' "''^ ^''^""^'^ "'^'■^'-■'y to Sir o .ts preparation, did not clain, t.^the Hei X o 1.07':' n ''^^'m '"^^ '''' ^'•''"'^'^">'' ^^ ^'- ^-e s.tuated. and did not claim Lake Winnine^r ° "^' "'''" '" *''° «'^""'' ^^as then suppo.sed to be The other of the two mans is MitMu.ll'c „ .0 February, m. This copy a,:;;;s^:::t^ ^: f :: ^^/-f as published t^theautLrs. hne nmrked ' Bounds of Hudson's Bay by th Trea v m ^T"^'""'' ^^'"' '' "^^ ^* ^" "-^.-lar aken as .so win. the extent of the Co.i^^'f^^Z in A'"! 'u ""' f"'' "'" "'''' *'--^'"- »- th.rd of a degree north of the Lake of he\v, o a"j 1' 1 " 1"^^ ''^' ^'"^ ''^ ^'-"^ ^^o- a4;;:^;^;:;;;:r::^i^^^^^^^^^ ....rt to .ivetothem Carter, and the true measure of their ri,d iW L , '''' f '"''' '^'^ '^''^ '^""^ intention of the __ ot by the Con.pany until u.ore than half a e.; r 1- ' ^"°" "'"'^^'* ""^'''-' -''^•^ "«* thought oo aua^crous Cox.uus.o.s to the Governors ofTe ouutrv'' "^^ "" " '"''' ^°'^^"'^'^ ^^ ^^^ ^'^-^^^i^^ .To I. NT AlM'KNril.X See, ir. AHiitnitioii Ciioa of Ontario, as 20 Tho ma|is produced show tho extent of territory which the Company claimed prior to the cession ul" I7(i:{. It limy 1.0 olisprved that on tho occiisiMns of the Treaties of llyswieU nniM, 1878. to the waters and shores only, and to the e-xchision of the French therefrom— the French having been 111 p(^sse,ssi(>n of forts on the Bay until after the Treaty of Utrecht, and tiio Treaty of lly.swiek having m etiect given tiieiii possession of all places on the Bay, except, it may be, Fort Bourbon ; and that the Comjiany's object was the trade of the liay, and not the occupation or settlement of the country, 10 away from the shores of the Bay. Indeed, in 1700, the Comi.any, notwithstanding this claim, were willing to accept the Albany River as their southern boundary on the west side, and Rupert River as tlieir southern boundary on the ea.st side of the Bay. In 1701-2 they were content even with East Main River, and proposed it tm a boun.jary. But both proposals were rejected by the French as being far more than the Company had any right to demand. In 1711-12 the Company proposed a line to run from tho Island of Orimington, or Cape Perdrix, on the Labrador coast, south-westerly to and through Lake Mistassin. This line did not extend beyond the soutli-west shore of the lake ; and though tlie Company made a demand for the surrender of the forts on the shores of the Bay, yet they do not a()pear to have made at that time any proposal as to a 20 line on the west or south side of tlie Bay. Tims the only chiims and contests of the Company at this period were about the margin of the Bay. After the Treaty of Utrecht (1713), which gave to the British all lands, etc., "on the Bay and Straits, and which belong thereto," the Company, on the 4th August, 1714 nroposod for the first time, that the Mistassin line should go south-westerly to 49" "north latitn . . . and that that latitude be the limit;" but as to how far to the west this line of 49' was to be followed nothing is said. In 171!) and 1750 the Company proposed the lino of 40°, but both times the proposition was rejected by the French. This line wouhi have given to tlie Company a boundary greatlv more limited 30 than the boundary of the Height of Land, which began to be claimed three-quarters of a century later. It has already been said that the Company could not take advantage of their Charter for the purpose of making any addition to their territory by exploration or settlement after the cession of 1763 ; but the practical result would be nearly the same if this right should be deemed to have cea.sed at a somewhat lat-^r -late, viz., the date of the passing of the Quebec Act, 1774, or even the date of the Treaty of 1783. The Company made no further settlement between 17C3 and 1783, except Cumber- land House; and it is doubtful whether its locality bekmgs to the Winnipeg or the Churchill system. Both the Act and the Treaty obviously require that the southern boundary should be deemed a fixed line, not liable to variation by the mere act of the Company. These considerations are submitted as showing that the strict legal rights of tho Company y House of Coiuuiuiis lo be printed, 12th July, 1850.) «„nl '^''V'T'u '"«'"""'' ^° ^'^' ^'■""'""'^ '^ -^"'^''^'■'" ^y ^''^ f^'-'t'^'^ North America Act 18 ;7 .sec 6 are oru;;: 11;.;. "" °' ^^"'''^' '"-' '' ''- ''''-''' °'" ^^^ ^^^- ^-"-^^ --^'^"^^^^ ^^^ ^-ii The claim of the Dominion of Canada is, that the meri.lional line drawn -lue north from the junction ot the Ohio an,] Mississippi Rivers (ascertained to be 89» 9' 07" west) fo nis the wc^t^rn n:::"^::.:;;:;:^' --' '-' '- '-'' ^-^"^ ^^ '- -'-- —^-^ ^^ ^^^e st. L;;:e:e:::r The Go%^rnment of Ontario contend that the western limit of that Province is the Rockv Mountains ; that the north-western limitary line lies north of the Saskatchewan ; and that Uie north' eastern line lies in the vicinity of Hudson's Bay. (.MilLs, p. l.) The claim of Ontario to extend the western limit of the Province to the Rocky Mountains rests It, sa,ss„med, upon the supposed title of Fran.,-e to that country, as having been the ilJ^^^^: Vo TX :^ t .u'^'- •'? ^-^"'^'•-- -•-" -'^'"g to M- 'le SeigneLaV in li;8.5 (N. Y. H DoT Vol. IX p. 20..;. that the French were the first to discover Hudson's B.ty, and that nation wa there-' Won >,;.•" ^^^"1 •"7'''''^''^^^"' thellocky Mountains; and the rule of internat on U law on winch this s el.umed is thus stated by M. -ie Callieres : " It is a custom establi.shed ancU i-^U recognizod by all Christian nations, that the tirst who .liscovers an unknown country, no inh^te'by Europeans, and who plant in it the arms of their prince, secure the property thereof to that n nee in whose name they hdve taken possession of it." ^ ^° L'Escarbot. in 1617, stateJ that " New France has for its limits, on the western side the lands .a far. s the .sea called the Pacific; on this side, the Tropic of Cancer; on the .south, the i.sL the A lantic S.a. in the direction of Cuba and the Island of Hespaniola; on the east, by the No tl'er st Ittr^^ned^;^^^ «^ ^"« "-^''-— P-.on of the ^•'■- • pnpcs of the Hook of Arbitration Doo,nnent« here and ehmvb.rp H,r,.„.,l » .v.:. ......_..-_ ^^^^,^ Case of the Uiiminion, as submitted to the Arbitra- tors, 1878, 30 40 those at foot as printed for the ca referred to the Judicial (' and elsewhere Dinniitteu tha C 'rivy Coui.oil. 22 ^™- ti., w^L'; Tzzii!:::'/ '" ''r "p°" "'^^^ ^'^^^^ ^^^'^""^ '^- ^'-"'^^•'' ^-^ ^hcn to consider if «- "• J ^ ^ '"' ^' *^^'^""ff °" *'•« question to be decided by the arbitrators do. laX:ll^^ b:;:''^"' "'° ^"--y-«-eral, in 1C5C. explored the entire cast of Labra- in, w =^: •;: a;^;^::^^^^^^^ « of Q.ebee ..0.1. ^^ Which ^^X^r;^:^;^^'';^^^^"'"'"^^^^''^ ^'--^^^ ^" *^^ -- ^-ear in attempt;ntheyc.arfollowin.(li4 and elw V' \''''°'"'^' ^""'^'"•' "^ '"'^ ^'^^''"^^ '"^^e the on the 2nd .lay of May, and r^e u nil on 1 thin '.7 r - ." ''T'' '"''''''' "^^ ''' «^^'-- «« ^^^''^^ made a voyage to Hu.fson's Hay an IroL^Ltrn.K ';'/'' '' '' "°' ^^'•^^'-'"^^^' ^^^'^^ ^^ -"''^ ^^-^ As to the extent of this voyai th re can bet T A '^f" ^'^''"^"^' ''''■^ '^^'^''''' VV- 209-218.) P- 9. it is thus reported : " ^ ' °' '^°"^'' '^'^ '» *h° K^^i- '•'^^ Jesuites. Vol. III., ltd. 1(J58 Cos. J: i:,^i^-^^3^f^^^^^^ ::r ir ^-r - ^- ^^ --' «- ^^ aiant perdu deux Hurons ,uil avnit p^i! p , n.iX ?'"^-^""' ''^' ^''-^"^ ^i"' ''^ ^^ --«"'-• e-^ et ble..reut un Francois de .1 .I^^.^^^ i::^!^:;-;: Zr^ ^" ^^^ ^^ ™- ^0 w ^n;;::^^-;^;;;:^:^;^;^^^^'^";^'^^' t-' ''- «-^'^-^ n-'^-nd .omd fron,_ that that the assertion tha ' e.o e ered H?!'' T' '"^"''^" ''' ''^' '^ ''^ '^ ^^ *^'^- Province of Q,.ebec. and was a ,„an well known a ] fru ! '^ h " x '"^''' ''^^"''^'^ ^'^ '-^ ^^ ^^^e Jogues on an end.as.sy to Governor Don^an o^ New York ^ "^''' '"' "'"'^ "'*'' F*^*''" oovJi::rs^-;:-----;^^^^^^^^^ In Shea's Charlevoix, Vol [IT .m 'jo i „„„ ;.. ... J n There is no record of this vova-^o TSTn .« .• • Jesuits respecting Couture or his e^editiol " "'^'^ '" ^^"''•'-°- - "' the Relations of tho i "r.t.w il l>l l » ' t»t ',«.,i I 3n to consider if ih, it is asserted, e it is said there tijasfc of Labra- JO Juebec authoriz- same year in iving made the der. He sailed t he could have ?, pp. 209-218.) III., Kel. 1658 rand fleuve du fit remonter, ord les inassa- 20 in, and would is to be taken e was of the with Fatlier r d'Argenson, ' accordingly, 'er seen any 30 ittevipted to IS after they :c St, John. • Onondaga, dson's Bay, 'hn. (N.Y. h is called lated from 40 II Nord au 23 Siour Du.iuet, King',s Attorney for Quebec -,nrl T...n T'a , • have gone to Hud.son's Bay in 1C68 by order oiiCt^'Zly^'^'^ " '''""'"" •^°'""'^*- "« ^-^ ^^ .o.. session, by setting up the King's arms there a second ti^if '"'""''''^ ^'^^ ^'* °^ ^^^^^'^^ P™- ^'■~"- Vi.scount D'Argenson, who is stated hv \W \vu . ""''• "' the order to Du.u^t to p-oceedt H 1^^^! ^^''^^Vf T '' ''" ""''''''' ^^'-^- *« ^^-^ ^iven -^-^i^^^ the giving of tho order, which it is statedXl d'u.u ?:::;^. T T '^'"^V ''''' '^^ ^^^ P^or t^ C..~uu. _M -^« '■. -1 p. 17 ; 2^. y. His. Docts., Vol. IX., p JV)' ''"''^'- ^^"""^^ Charlevoix, Vol. III., p. C5 iSfe I In WCG or 1607. i;adi..son and des Grosellieros wer. r, • '-''^^a"" I ^^i^^^'^f^r ''■ ''- -'• '" ^— ^- -^^ - by M. Talon to Hudson. Bay, I In the Relations of the Jesuits, Albanel gives an account of hi f , , , Company were already in possession of Huds:„-s Hay ZZ. ^t^ , 7' '"' f T ^'^^^ ^^^ ^^S'-^^ ^ ^ti« quite apparent from the nnW ,. . ^" ^"^'"^ entere,! there under their Charter. I prior to hi visit^L U72''1^1'JS;::Z X^' '-' '''' - '^^-'^ °^ ^-ee, visited Hudson's Bay desespoir du succe. Ce\ui aroisr ^ 1^^^^ ^f ''^ ^^'T '^ ^ abandonne/dans : -non cstoit deue, npres di..-huit ans de' pours nites ue 'en .v'""; / ''''''' ' ^""- "^^ --'^^i^e sensibles quo ])ieu m'en reservoit I'execution, an S h faveur "' v' '' '''''''' '"''' P'-^^'- "^^^^z ve. leu..e, pour ne point dire miraculeuse, ,,ue o re u df!or ""^"''/ "? g"--°- ^o^daine et mer- sohc.tat..n de n.on sup.rieur." (Rel. ,Je.; IdsuitJs 1072 ^ ' 6)'' "" " """^ "'"^°"' ^ '* reaclSm,di;:i;;^^^^ ^^^ ^^-^^^ ^'^ •- '^PP- - ^^-^ hea.. of any prior expedition having Sien;^::^r;:t-:il5^^ of ..her Bablon and (See Ibid., p. 30.) But in 1!:^::^^^^:^^:^^' '''''irr '"^^'° '^ ''■ '^^^■ to this letter a memoir of <,ur ri-d.ts to Z fr V "'""^'^^ ^ ^^'"""'^ "^ ^'^"^^^ to be ,ull, but no men.orials of thern^ ^ to t fllr ( '^T'?/ '^'^r^'^ -"• ^^^^'^^ ^^I't ' nonvdle thereby admits that docu.nentary evidenl could not T' ^ "'• ^'^' P' -'") *^- <^« ^C" of th., . visits having been made to Hudson's Bay "'" '* *'"' ^'""'^ ^'^ -'^^"''^^I in support At the time that M. de Calli^res anri Af ,1. n irnportant to ..how, if possible, that Gabion nd Co .urTradLnTt^H'? ''''/"'' ^^'^^^^' '^ ^^ "'-^ that t.me, had driven the English from a nu.nbe of h "r w. ^" '^? '^^ ^'"^ '•"^•'""=^^' ^'-"''"'•^ were sent by Denonville, .ho surprised ami clptured i t A .' u '''''^' ''"'• ^'^"■•^^''^- droops he HmLson's^Bay Con.pany; and'it therefortcle n^lt^^f "^^"^^^^^ '"'f ^"P^*' ^^'-^-^^ ^ proceednags, and these n.emoirs were prepared with hat vtw ' ' ' "^ "^^^'' '''' '^"^^« 20 lfi63, and ' took in >3 of the EXGLIKll DiSCOVKRY. ui ^: 24 i III Joint 157G, 1577 anil l.')78. AprKNDIX. SeTli ^''' ^'^'■*''" Frobishcr, it is said, made three voyages to Hudson's Ray. FTc entered Hudson's Bay ''to, ■ in 157G, and gave the name to Froliisher's Straits. (Mills, p. 123; llakluyt, Vol. III., pp. 55 to 95; Arbitration. Pi„kerton's Collection, Vol. XII.. p[). 4i)()-521.) Case of the iSK 1608-1610. tho Arhitra- , . i ^ j. i r i • tors, 1878. According to the iiairative of Prickett (who was witli Hudson during the vojagi'), to be found m Harri.s'.s Voyagis, Vol. II., pp. 24.'}-4, Hudson .sailed on i7th of April, 1610, reached the Bay now known as " Hudson'.s " in July of that year and wintered in the Bay, and remained there until late in the summer of 1011. 1611. 10 It was desired to pro.secute the discoveries made by Hudson, and, in 1611, His Royal Highness Henry Prince of Wales w;i,s applietl to by jjersdns cnncerncd in tho project, and he re-solved to send Captain Button, who penetrated to the Hudson's Bay and sailed 200 leagues to the north-west. He wintered there at Nelson River. (Harris, Vol. II., pp. 24,j-404.) 1631. It appears that the EnglLsh nation liad bo'^n trading with Greenland, and those trading finding that " other nations were interfering with this trade" found them.sclves under a necessity of having recourse to the Crown for protfction and assistance, as well for defending their fisheries as for pro- seci'ting their discoveries, and they accordingly addressed themselves to King Charles I., who furnished them a frigate called " The Charles," under command of Captain Luke Fox, who sailed in the spring of 20 1631, in order to make discoveries towards the north-west. Captain Fox and Captain James met at Port Nelson in August, 1631. Captain Thomas James undertook his voyage in 1631 for the satisfaction of Ciiarles L, at the expense of the merchants of Bristol. The account of the voyage was writt3n hy himself, and published in 1633. Captain James loft England in May, and met Captain Luke Fox on 29th August, near Port Nelson. He wintertd in Hudson's Bay. (Harris's Travels, Vol. II., j)p. 41)7, 40!) and 413.) 1667 and 1608. Des Groseliiferes and RaJis^nn (who it is supposed wore Coureurs des bois) were roaming among the Assinil)oincs and v/ere conducted by them to Hudson's Bay. Des Gro,sellioves and R'i,disson went to Quebec for the purpose of inducing the merchants there to go conduct tr,ading vessels to Hudson's Bay. The proposal was rejected, as the project wa.s looked upon as chimerical by the Quebec merchants. (Ont; Docts. p. 280.) (This does not accord with the preten- sions of the French that Jean Bourdon had made a voyage there in 1656 or 1657.) Des Groselli^res was in Tendon in 1667, and before going there had been iu Boston and Paris in search of persons willing to fit out an expedition to explore Hudsoii'.s Iky. He met with a favourable reception, and the London merchants employed Z. Gillum, a person long used tn the New Eufdand trade, to perfect this discovery. Gillum sailed in the " Nonsuch " in 1GG7, and on his arrival built Fort Ciiarles, s-aid to have been the first fort erected in the Bay, and upon his return those engaged in the enterprise applied to Charles II. for a patent, which was issued on 2nd May, 1670, lo Prince Rupert and others. (Harris's Voyages, Vol. II., p. 280.) 4 1660. Captain Newland was sent (uit, in 1669, by the s:iine parties who in 1667 sent out Z. Gillam. As far as the Hudson's Bay territory i,s concerned, the Englisli were first, both as to di.scovery and occupation. So long as the English were not there, the Indians came to Montreal and Quebec, and the French derived the benefit of the trade, which wa.s all that was required, and they could thi;n aflbrd to treat as chimerical the stateinents of Radisson and Des Groselliures that Hudson's Bav could be reached red Hu'lson's Bay III., pp. 55 to 95 ; 1'), to be found in e Bay now known ! until late in the 10 a Royal Highness : resolved to send ! north-west. He se trading finding jcesisity of having lieries as for pro- 1 I., who furnished d in the spring of 20 lin James met at Charles L, at the 3lf, and published \ugust, near Port 413.) ! roaming among jrcliants tliere to 30 ivas looked upon with the pretcn- ion and Paris in ith a fiivoui'iible e New England rrival built Fort engaged in the > Prince Rupert 4U Z. Gillam. to discovery and Quebec, and the Id then aflbrd to ;ould be reached with ships. But ouco the En-rll.sh o-euni..,l f),, * u Y the rreneh fur trade was ^.t ^Z:\^::Z''::^- Zirl/''%T' ""''' -^^'"'"•^»^^' -'-- clann t,tie Uy di^e .very. H..neo the .a,.n,oi,. of M 1 ClliV f V t ''"T"^ '"'"■^^'^'•^ *"-• ''-" ^o be rehed upon, and whieh De Denonville say. il..r. .::tZl!li::;^;y;^ ''''''' '' ^"-^■" -'^^^ II posse,ssionistoformaclaimto tliecountrv t!,..,>uM ., . , " n.ent and thus took possession is of the cle:;;" ?^:.^!:::'t:t '"^^ t '^?^''^" ''^^ -1" a settle- ^oo..C:^,t;:j;^^!^!;^^^^ .. .0 purpo... years ^ According to Vatte), B.ok I.. Ch.p. Is ."'^,7 ?v I '""' ''"'' ""' '"'"'^'^ -''-1"-* turnished with a eonnnission Iron, ihoir Sovereign, and , .' ;^'^"»:^^ »';'* .^"'"S «>" voyages of discovery state, have taken pos.session of then, in t i', : Cni; ^^''^"'''--^'-r '-^''s i" a desJt' re.spected, provided it was s,.on after iollowed by " d posslir' ' '' ''''' '"^ '^■"" ^-''^'j' " Wlien a nation takes po.ssession of a countrv u-iH. n • x " In the n.gi.tiations lietween Spain an.l the IJnifo.l «f . ' "^^ '"'^' Loui.siana, the latter country laid do vn, w th a ura v ^ , '," "'' ' *'" ""^"•" ^""^'-T of tlu,s.ul,jeet.and which fortify the opinion ^ZZZt^TT'' '''''''' ^'^^"^'''^^^ «f '-v .fpon 20 jAn.enea said on this occasion) which are applicah L tL^cL :2^:;^ ''''''T'' ' ^'^ I'™-^^ i>ave been adopted in practice by Kuronean Powers i,. fhTv ^' ""'" '^''^''^"^ ^>y ^^^^^^>n. and respectively n.ade in the New World. 'ZyZZ^ ^2,tZ7':T' ''T'''''''' '''^^'^ ''-'>' l^- n. strict justice. The first of these is that wh "o^^eZ ^^ ^ I'; "r"'' '' '^^ ""^'"^ *'"-' '^^-^^^ sea coast, that possession is understood as extendi,,. inUtiuX possession of any extent of emptying within that coast, to all their brn a^^. "l , T°'' ?"'""'^ *" *'" ^""^"-'^ "^ the rivers exclusion of all other natio„s. to the Z^ ^ ^.^JTvl ''"' ""^' ^"' '^ ^'^« ^^ ^ "-'S^^. ^n son.e rule or p,-incipie n,nst govern the -•ight .^Eu :;:; P J j^ "r'"' 'i '"'^ , '' '' ^^''''"'^ "^^ ca.ses ; and ,t is certain that none can be ^'^lonted i^^ 1 1 f T ""■^' '" "''"'^ "*''^'- '" '^H s-'c-h '; ,' ';:"^': '^.t-•-t'"y. .so described, for the ,sa .'dint api'kniu.x. Sec. if. I'/ic A rhitrution. CaHf I if tho IJiiiiiiiuDn. an I'liliiiiittt'il to tlif Ailiitra- tors, isrs. ■' ' 'i-tvauimuif or U,St '0 propnety Of it. Katnre seems to have og;.her by the ties of a co.n^.on iute,-estnr t.Ia. ^ ' ^Z " )'''" ''^T'''' ''^ — ' 1-ts IS departed fro,n, it n.ust be by attaching to such di e ta '"" """-'"• '' ^^''^ P-'-Pl^' scope of acquisition ; bu. a slight attenti;n toL ^ ^ ^^7^1 '" TZ "'r^^' °^ ^"^"^^^^^ The latter would be to restrict the rights of an Euro ean Pow '^TT ' '" "^•^"'■"'">' "^ '^>tl">'-- a new co,n.try to the sp.t on whieh i^ fc.oops 1 s^t ,"„t T r"""' ""^' '"""^ •--'^--" o^' d,sela,med by all the Powers who madediscoverlTs an I^f ^ "'""'^ ''^■'^ ^'^"^ ^^t^lly Internat. Law. 2nd e.I., Vol. 1.. pp. 277-S-S ) ' 1^ >«^^''^^'-'" '" America.' " (Phillimore's 40 established faetories on the ,sho,-es of tl elW H. , " "'" '^ '''''' "P"" ^'"^ *"^^^ "^ l'-'>avin., t at coast, wh,ch would inelide the S.Jil^t ^ t E, ^1 ^ ^i:'??' "^ '''^ '"^^^^^^ ^^"^ at the foot of the R.cky Mountains, and extendin-. south a. f t , '"t' '"''"" ^''^''•- ^""^'^'^"^ into James' Bay. ^ "''"' ""' '-'^^^ t^» t'^'^ sources of all the rivers flowincr nci i E„gla„. y\y^^ is granted the sole trade and commerce of all tliose tefu'm, a« '*';'^' ^'^''''' ''^'''•'''' '■'^''''"'- «''<-^el<'*- t-tP- Th.ui the Company are created the absolute lords and j.roprietors Se Artora.' "^' ''"^ *'"'"' ''-'''''''"'■^' ''"''''* ""'^ />''"•<■<*, t'''f., t/f., //i yVt't; u/ifi mmuiKni socM""'trai»l in opinion of .competent tribunal eanVcltlilo^fctlb;'..'"'' ""' ''"*'"'' '" »'""»'»"er ,ho In obedience to your Lordship's command, -.ve have taken H„ .a ,,„ • x ' have the honour to report that, havin, regard ^o th "w'tTn ^^^,^^7 '"^ "'"" T''"^*""' '^"^ I ''■^■"^"'^■'P^'-""t"'-'tory. trade, taxation, and loiiK^ piirpasos be The (.'hiirtor will tlie Huil.son's liny incrco of all tliose Ls mill proprii'tdi's ;r to erect cuhnie» e leadinj,' counsel 'liartcr ijfrantiii;,^ a irliiuiient.yet tliut 10 to the extent of iM be frraciously It to Teuhitoky, s Bay Company, with the address m^ to Earl (Jrey j11 in Ont. Docts., lany as inchided 20 H'loct Committee ip shows that ou ocky Mountains J statement and "J-) uary, 1850. Hawea's letter 3 transmit to na 30 ) Her Majesty, are claimed or mirman of tho m, of the terri- les the Second, . A. K. Isbister n of tlie House 3 necessary for if so, of what 40 these papers lainicd by fhe point raised in )t manner the ideration, and taxation, and 27 government, claimed by the Hudson's P.iv Pr... . • , the Chairman of that^ Company. :: tn! 5^:;;^';': t'"^ >•"'"• '-'^^'''l' ''^ JMopei'ly belong to them. ^ """" ''"'^ ^''^' ''"'''t^ «" Maimed by tl,. C.Mnpany do Upon this subject we entertain no doubt ■ b Uffanist the Con.pany. to ti:e pn^n.ters of the'di ,li 'in 1 .T"'"' '''[^'^''''"^'y '" *'"' -"plaiuants Company themselves, if the questions are pi;; 1 1 ,"' " ''7""""''' ""' '"•■^^'^''>' ^" '^- your I..,rd,.hip CO ref.r these questior.s to a con p L."t bin f " '"'" T ^^'''''"'' "^' ''"'"'^''>^ "J^i- nUonu Mr. l.bi.ter that l,e n.iy appear as eo "C t '"i ^, eons.den.iou and decision, and to respon.lents upon the arg.m.nt. Thepronormod. f n Company that they may b. heanl as 10 be for Mr Isbister, or son.e other pe^ ^ : ; 17 • ^ ''? u " ';"'''---'^ wilUo presume, against the Hu,lsons Bay Con.pany • and !ue la Pf' ' ,'" ' ^^"'' ^^"^'^'y '^'' ^°"'Plaints ur.ed tl.e •^".licia,yConunitte^m,,J..t, /i^ ': :if2":T ":''r' '^ "'^^ Majelty. either- to Conunittee of Trade, as involviu, question lit ,• '""'' ' ^' '"'■"'" ^^•' '■ ■"'' - ^<> the its constitution, is the best htted^'. telc^ ^T '"' ^^^ ,'"" '"'''^'''' Committee, ,rou. that to that tribunal the proposed Petition sl/ouldbrroL;"'- '^--Ption. and we recommend (Papers relating to H. I, Co., presented to House of Commons, pp. V-H ) ...1 1 S^; T ^-' «-^ -" ^' - ^^ -t to Sir John Pelly a letter, .om which the following .loiNT Al'CKNUI.X. See. " 7Vi, Arfiitnition. Phsp of tho I'imiiiiion, as Kuliiiiittcd to till) Arbitra- turd, isra 20 b//j J((?(C, ]8')0.; ^ "^iitc*, which petition might then be" Sid'dultl^u,!' r",'' -'T?-''' "•''""' " ^^''^'°» *« «-• ^I-i'^'^ty Council for Trade and Plantations. "^"''"'^^ Conunittee or the Committee of Privy S:^::;:"::,^.!^ !^..^:' ^--' -^--^ Commons, p. . rtii . 1 ,„ ^ , ■' ■ "" ^'""»e oi i^ommons, n, 15 1 irr- '! I ! I 28 Ap.-ENh,x. ' ^^^ ''*^S 'oa^« to -'tfito, in uiiswor to th,-, (luastions sul.ii.itt.'d to us, Unit in our opinion tlic Crown Socrii. """'i ""* "7 7*^' .)"'^tifo raise ti.o .jufstion of ti.o ^'enoml validity of the Cl.arf.r ; but. tl.at on everv A.^^:.o„. Zer"^1;;;.'::*.;rr':'7:'T'^'T'"t'''^^ '""'•""' "^ ■■'-''^^ n—ily incidental ^^^: . -«^'^-'-^i .^.;^:: :: i!:'ci;!;;;:5'tt;::l;;i''"^ "■""• '"'"^ ^^"'"■^ '-''-- -'-' - -'''-' "^ '-''• ES" torv !J,n? 7"'"*'''"^ ;;"'')'■"' ^'"' con.i.leratioM i. the ,,uestioM of the -oo^raphical extent ut tho terri- t.... !«.«. n .nanted by the Chart,.-, an 1 whether its houadarie. can in anv. and what n.auner, 1. ascertained a t e ease o ,a-ants ot con.idemMe a^., ,s„ch as this Charter, when the words, as is often the c.so, arc t nLr^r'';'"' ''^ "*^""'^"'' ^-'.i^y-nt,, ineludin. in TmUu^,^^, !■ "Tr,""\ "^ '"'■'"''■''' 'I' >'^ >'"' ^'o'^P'^'^V on importani pnhllr. occasion., s.ck as the 10 Treat^oflWir nrl;;'^'i*7'' ^7 ^""P^"'"" ^'""''"'^ ""' ^'''-•''' ^""•'^"'•'•«' '-^'''^■^ "^^ tho time of the lieatj ot Kjswick (WJi) and atter tl.- Treaty of Utrecht (171;:), and also in 17o0 ? TreaS^v!;:tl'b;:lH' I^'''??::!'",'"'^'^'^' Ry^wick. certain things were to ho ,lone_(,) the " to examin. and d ' "':' ^^-^ '"' "" ^^'^''^t'""' ^ ' ■'--•-•- were to be appointed, who were appointed ,nd nlH J, i' • , ■ ''''• ^" ''"'^ ^^'^ ^"•' '^'^'"'"f-''^ < V.nu.isMoners were p-oscntly b. state I), noth.n. was done by the Connui.sioners to detennino such rights and prJtensions. Commt^ione,t°si?dl '"''"?'';' nT ''^■*«'™'"«'' t^°«« ^li^'^^^'ncos and disputes, tho Articles the said 20 n ^ n v T" ; ' " ''^" '"^''"^ ^'^" ^"^'^ '''""«' '^"^ «'-■' ^"^^"'- t'- -'- f">- an.l vigour of T^';::? ;;:;!::;::;!: j::;;:.:";^! ":':':? ''^^' ""-^'^"^ -^^^^^^'^ ^"-^--^ ^^ *^« ^-^ ^« and straits, but are Willi; "to f";!"^^ '""■'' °" *''"'' '''^''"^^ '' ^''" "''^"^'^ ^^"J' w,tl, a vi..„ of l„.i„s,i„,, „|,„„t ,, „„, • ,^"';J,,^ ;"'■"• "»'''•■ " P'"l«m-«'. in A|,ril, 171,, pinion Uu; Crown 1)11 1, tliat on ('verv issarily incidental vinlalionof tlieir, iont of tho ti'iri- r, lie uscortainod. ftun tlio ca.so, iire •nt., incitidini,' in inionn, liiicli as the 10 t the time of tho 1)0 doni' — (I) tlie oiiitcd, who were had (o the places iiiii.s«i(jiiera were ]!ompany (as will and pretensions, Vrticles the said 20 orce and vijifour rt. S, C'lmhnors's ntil 1702, when ion's Bay Com. :'o tliis for the ain " the whole d by the Lords 30 the whole Bay hey can secure , the Company must, as they aits of Hudson knowing the J doiny of it." IS to send an li" the limits ind title, and (Ont. Docts. lees and dis- 1 Ajiril, 1711, hese netifotia- h what they i-y.) For reasons thourrht vorv eom^nf if :<> «„t > , m Vattol, Book HI., can. 14 see 20 il,.(ln,.„ ti • i i. » ■' persons an.l things t.d^en I'v 't ^'^^ T .' L::f L" , '"V"'" ^" '' " *'"'* '" ^'^^^ ^' ^'^^ ^ power of the nation to whieh they hZlr^ '"' ^°'"''' '''''' "" «"»""^ ^i?''*" into the P'-ssion, should any ...riunat event 1. m^^^^ pn-peHy, has fallen into theenemys 10 .i.mbte,lly hi, duty .o restore then, o tl"dr Z, r ^T."' ' " "" ^^"^'^■-'K'- P"Wer, it is un- their rights and ol,li,ations -to give bad ^^ -'^ p-^:^ t the ::::.:—-'" :r::r\:: s. ^^ ^^^^^^^^-^ en.:drr:g:;;f ;;;;,^:;;t-:;':^';^':,r-'^ -^^-- '7 ^"« --y of peace, are certamiy bound to restore then, to' their f no i.n bio Is so 3;' " " "'^"'" •""""^"- '''' ^'-"="-"- "-'>»- '« The enemy, in gi vn., b.ek a town at the p a e t « ^ if^rT uTT') ''' ''"'"• ^''''- ^'"«' 2«-^-> just the same as if he had never taken it • ar d t'-, ""'"'''.*'"- "-'''.^ ''" '''-^'I '^«l<'u-ed by arms. It ia quence whatever. ° post liminuun is of no conso- H„,,r:Vo:l:' 'cwiu::;':' ^heir:;!,:/!;"^ '°' "■" ''Tr" ■"■ '""-'"■ "«'"-" '» ">• up .rt.nv.,,l»." (0„t Doct,;' „ 240.!, ''"" "'' ^"'■"'"' »'"' "" "=«' »«» Lord Dartmouth's letter of the 27fh Mn,r i7iq /r> i. -r. , Frencl, Kin,.; .,„| kr Majcb tl,„ Q, , '' i, S I """"P^-S »" "Act of &.,.]„„• fr„„, the AJivoring p,„c...,i„„ ; 4, tfi i^^, £ ,;1 ' '' '7 •'''"" "," '"'*"■ ''■"'" ""■ f""=l> Court for "» «'""' e„j„y,;,„„i of .:er;:ot;; ;^h* t;(;::t:;:,tr'*'''^^^^ -"' "->• -■" -« »'» places situate in the said Bay and Struts and whu.l, , ' " ' '' "'^^' ^°''«*«' "^cr-^. and ...» „,...„ „„ ai.r,.,,„o. wt„.::: ;L,.?r . r X«:/'Tr' ,'"';ir ' r T- '^■" '™''"'- ^»l. III., p. 6UI.) H„t i„ M„d,. 1,13 h, ,„vs tint, itr.!., .i ■ ,"^'""'8l"<>l«--s Corrcpondcncc Or,,,t Brit„i„ at Ut«cl,t ,.lw„v» n.4„ a i-llnct i™,! ," "" 'r"'""' "'"' "'" Pl^'ni^ntiaric, o .Nat .„„„,., „e .. ,„.„„.■. ,iioii,,iLttr;„t:::;v',:rn;';:'.;';T''' "« - -^-^ ■• •"" «- Joint AprKNDIX, 8w. II, AHitration, Coac of the J)i>iiiiiiion, M «uliniitt«il to thii Arliitra- tors, 1878. 1* ApPKN auhiiiittnl til the Ar'iitra- t"r«, 187». 80 ™x. 1""^ 'j'^'onRBil to tl.o French, an.l tlit-y were for the first time ceding then, t.. (ire.U Biitiiin. Tho uonl 8«,. u. ,,.f '' , """" "■'''''• "'"' '' '-* '"'P'-tant t.) examine the origini.l t.^xt <.f the treaty, wl.ieh is in Latin. Ar,^'^, ;,"""'"•;''' "-7'' '" ""^fc '"tide, "^7.'r/a«^7>„,. ,„/ ea^lni^r slu.w ciearlv that Fi.mee w.us to re.K.iv to Ar^^i^on. hnyland all .ho Un.l« h.okin. towanls the Huds-ns B„y ; in other wJnU, the vvhulo wator^he.! of ihe n^,nM!m a, """""^ mto the Hu-lson's lt«y. ""' " .,. , )!'" *"'''' ''"^ '5.*'"' "'^'' *''■''"" ''"'•'^ 'i^-'^y ^vith any exception, and left notliinj,' for the French to liolii possession of in 1Iu,1,m,„',h Bay. ^r.v. *^'"t! '"'"' "' !'■ ^f "*" '"' '■'''"'■'• ''*■'*"■ ^1""''"" ""^ P^^''ti"" "f the loth section ahove roferre.l to claim"...! 1 V Vl 'i *; '• T^^M' •'"'* ''"'"'-"''■ ""'' ^''^' '^"'•'"'""t circumstancs show tliat what was tancc to the use ot the word ' restorati.m ' instead of 'cession. '" coni.t^rt'tltlnlr"? T^'T:^' ''' l^"^'^''''^' f'"- E-.ffland to insist upon the po.se.mon of the whole th Treatv ' •'" .' ."\ "" ''" ^'"'^ '"""'^"^ Oo.nmissaries were appoint,..! as provi.ie.l by ante assc nted to this contention as bein^r the co' rcct interpretation of tho Treaty. tniss,^!e!7;ile.Hr!rm"';r T'" T^'^ -^^ I"--''-' ^^y '^-^- T'vaty, an.l notwithstan.Iin, tho Coin- ome m n i "\ ^T'^''"'"" ''^'^""'" ''"■ ^^^"-'^"'''^"'^ "^ ^•'^•-•'' "^ ^'- <-v..n,n...nt; it was in d^ry Hn S. t T ^r' "', '■"' ''"' '" ''" ^'■^•^"•^■^'""■^' ^^•'"■^'' ^-^ P'-'-' i» '^-l to the boun- wlsX b ,1- t r" h" ' '"' ''""' ^"''" ""^ '^""^■"'^' '"' ^'- "^''-■- *'-* ^'- *9th parallel iZloLZy "" '■"'"''^'^ ''^"""''"' ''^^•^"^'^ '^ ^^'^^ *^"'' -"t^''-" boundary .,f the acconHnr; '':.;rat m^'^"'"M '" T^'T '"'"'' ""'•^'' ^' ^'^^'^ «upe.io, those li.nit., were fixed eTte d i.;i L tely u w ^"; ^'TtT' '''"'" ''"^ I^"'"*^ ^''^^ ''"^ "^ demarcation was agreed to (Gi.ee!;Z':(tgot2ndt'p Ic^^^ ^^"'" ''''' '''"'''' ^' ^''--•"-•" ^-"^-T of Louisiana." ,0 aboye'^^^tlThuXn? "T I I" '"""' "'"^"' "" "'^^'"" ^^ ^^^'^ '"-<-^'^ — ^^ "''^^ the boundary the Red Lake, oxten.led in a north-westerly direction beyond dary should b a i e^. ^^ ^^^^^ '?' r,""^'' '" "''"'' ''"•^' ^'^■■'"^•' ^^^'^^ ^'^ -^*--' l^«- from Uie said lat ^ " "In ^^ ^Sr^'f ^ ?""°'' '''" "'^^"^'"''^ "'^ ^'^^'^^-•-' -^ of it, nor the English to the south of it. (Ont. iJoctt pri;^! 2) " '"'"" '' '" ""'^^ ^^^ the iJliS c^^:z::::::z:z;^'f:^ ^-trr 't " ''-■ ''''--y -^> ^«'- «^-'-. to begin and extend westward n urn t 4-^0 n T t > 1 ""' ''^'''"''''' "'^"^ '^""^''^ '-'^ ^^^ to be prohibited from passing. Orit Doct p k" ) ' ""' ""''' '"' '"" ''" '"""'^'' "' vere 1-V«nd, Comu,i,».,ric8 a mcmok o„ ih„ ,mL '-"sIih . Com,„„«„,s in 171!) scit l„ the on luc auljicl ot the bomjurj, u, wli di th.v «ol f.nU, II,,. «.!,,, l- 'eiicij litdiii. The word liieh is in Latin. \vu.s to rcHtoif to vvatoishL'tl of ilie ^' for tlio French aliovc refcrroil to iw tluit wimt wns .rf,'in, Noveitlie- 10 />' no din/tl Hill, to ntcd with rduc- on of the whole I as |iriiviiiords Comrnis- easteni boun- stassiniiie, and 3 red line may to tlie north 40 d Col. Bladen, tlier line was 1 French were itisli Govern- iward to the 9 sent to the "thcFreueh .'it i>i)irr the Treaty of fTfnvlit lia.l iiin..I(. 1 u< f n i ^ . of Mis nritnnn^) Mai^sty .nsist that t^F :i;" .l^' l^r' " -T ''T ^"""^' ^''- ••-""-.-•« -ro-.r there U any sneh UnMing.simli be .^iven up to I, .■ r,'" .^:*^'«"'""t. ."..I that the Fort, if '^-:-""- Bay aforesai,!. " ' "'' ^" ''" ^ "'"l-'ny ,-1 K.i.li.h .ne.rlmnts trading in Hn.l.on's «-• "■ Thr prete.H whatsoever, and that tl.r .t,L, i t ' '-'"f '''"'''", """ ""'''""'' "'" "«''"'• ""V I''"'" ?'" tf"-ron, , of Kn^lish Merchants Jl^/tt^l "'"';: ""V''' '''''''■'■'•'■'■'' ^^'''''''^^ f''- " '-■^«^" with theui." (Ont. Docts, ,,. ;iG.,.) ^ '"'" ""'"■^"'"^ ^''^y' '^"•J to sueh Indians us winh to't.ufFie 10 Sir Traver-s Twiss says ;— '^ '"'''""''j^'^'^of the loth Article of the Treat V of rTf,v .If t.in.s by i'ren.h expe.litions from Cana-lu an,l , f «.l,inl "'"i^" t'"'\ l"i'l been d.j.riviMl at various Article of the Treaty of Ryswiel. By hi t r kT 'v u "i' '''''''''' ^^ '""'^'^ '^y *''" ' ^'' III. as Kin, of Great Britain and Ireland l^U ,1 ' t:: V "' "' 'T '■"^"^■"^"■' ^•'"""' ntl possidetis shordd be the basis of the n e,,,. i t I ' "'^ '^""'^^•"^^••i tl'at tlu- prineipl. of however, of the Treaty of Utrecht, th^ F^'^. ': r:?, ^'"^ f^" ^''7'" ^^^' ^''^' '"^'' ^^'^'^^" Britain, 'to beposseHsed in full right forever ir^vf.;! \";'w ''! ""' '^"'""' ^^"■"^ "'^ «'''->*^ Heas, sea coasts, rivers an.l places situatn Me sai!/ R !?: "^ "'"'■'*""' '"""^''^••- "i^'" '^" •<""1.- 20 tracts of land or sea beln.r evceot..,! , "^ ""'' ^^^'■'"*''- '""^ ^^''i^'l' ''^'lo"^' thereto • no e. or Wabash a. l'.^; J , "'.'''"'. ''^""^^■«, '^ -"-P-tine cour.se south- insisted upon by ,he J3ritis. ( hnernn e nt' n th r n Iv ''^, J'"^f 1"" "''tJ' the Ohio.' This fact was 40 of September, 1701, and the map w" , ast^ T \ " "'"""*"'" "^^ ^''™"^^" '^-^^ in on the 1st Minister, embodying those iini t . ^ sL ^tc t o't th? , ^^' r^^'^'' '' '''■ ^"'""•^'>-' '"^^ «"tish (Historical Memorial of the xNe.otia.ionr f v ?. ''"'^' "'^''""•"^l "f the f.th of September" Treaty of Paris they Were uni.cMl to tl ^P r ^ ' '^ '^^^^ ""'' *'"^ ^''^^ "^ ""''«""; bv the and all her dependencies ; . V n e c:^!^^^^^^^^ ^7^"-"^ "' '■^; ^''"'"'•' '^ ''^ -'-'''» "^ ^'--l That France did not retain anv Lrror ^ tV r'/'^^f " '''^ ^ Mississippi, will be obvious wbe,; i is ke^t in n n hi Tl '' ^ "f I"""^' '''''' ^"""'-'^ "^ ''- 40 whilst the .sources of th.. p„,. h;..„„ tv t = ^ *^'° '^'''■'''^'' «* ^he Mi.ssissippi are in 47° :^V by the Nelson River into the^Bay^if Hud on "Ire in ll' t''" '''""'"? '"' "'""""^^'>' '^"^'^ '^' ^^y p. 226.) -^ nus.s a iim|) has lu-cn iiiailc usu of in oonmciion witli a Tn'aty, or ft boundary has ^^^ • bfcn tlelineil thereon, but, little n liatiRc oan bi« iilnci'il iinoii it. Sir Travel's Twis.s hrvs ; — " The been tlelineil tlieieon, but, little reliance can be jilaeeil upon it. Sir Travel's Twis.s .sRy.s ; — " iiie eiii(ni Arbiirniion. howovcr, to tlu) we.stwaidiy extension of New Kninee to tiie I'lieilic Oeean re(iuiresMoine better evidence Ciwecif ttiH than the mips ol' Frencli geii,i,'raphers. A iiiajiean turnish no proof of tenit'>rial title; it niiiy ilhistiMte "u'l'mii'tt.'Ii'tr '^ claim, but it cannot piovi' it. The proof must be derived from facts which the law of nations tl'rt'ViiTH'"" '■'"C'lynizi-s as founding,' a title to ten iti.ry. Maps, its such, thai i.s, wiieii tliey have not liail a .special character attached to them by treaties, merely represent the ofiiniona oj the i/emjntplwrH who have constructed them, whicli opinions ate fn'((iiently founded on Hctitious or erroneous stateiiieiits: e.;)., tlio map of tho discov^'ries of North America by I'h. liimclie and .1. N. Del-isIe in 17')(l, in which portion.s 10 of tho west const of America wero delineated in accord;ince with Do B'onto's story, and tho maps of North-west America, at the end of the .seventeentli ami lie;,'iiinini; of the eiffhtecnth eentiiries, which represent Califorida as lately ascertained to be an isiiuid." (Twiss' On 1,,'on, |)p. ;)i).')-(;,) When now Commissaries were appointed in I7.")0, the Lords of Traile and I'hintations requested the Hudson's Bay roin[)any to furni-h a meiiiDiiuKliim showiii',' the limits claimed, which wmn doni' on tho 3rd of October in that year, and is substnntiully as cbdmed by them in '71!). (.Mills, pp. 17(J-7.) It were well to consider what territory was compriseil within tho limits of Lmisiana, an this will prove a help to arriving; at a proper conclusion m to \, liat Enjjfland claimed iis being comprised in " Canada," or " New Franco." According to extracts (Ont Docts., pp. 41-2) copied from the Charter of Louis XIV. to M. Crozat 20 Sept., 1712, it will be ,seon that f.ouisiana " was the country watered by th" Mississippi and its tribu- tary .streams from the .soa-slioro to the Illinois," /. e., tho Illinois River was tlie nejrthern boundary r,f I.ouisi.ina according to this "authoritative document o." the French Crown." Hy the .same public document all the rest of the Fn iich po.sse.ssions wero united under tho Government of New Franco (Twis,s' Oroyon, pp. 219-220.) In the course of the negotiations respecting the limits of the Provinces of Cnnuda and Louisiana the Miinjuis do V^uidreuil, who signed the surrender, published his own account of what passed between Sir J. Amlierst and himself, of wliich he considered tho Knglish uct^ount to be incorrect. " On the officer .sliowing me a map which Ik; had in his h,ind, I told him the limit- were not just, and veriially mentioned others extending Louisiana on one .side to the c;iiTying-j)Iaco of the Miaini.s, w/aV/i in the -^i) hei(/IU of the lands whose rivera run into the (Enahache : and on the other to the head of the river of the Illinois." (Annual Register, 1701, p. 2(58.) Even thus, then, aH to the north of the Illinois was admitted to be Canada. (Twis ' Oregon, pp. 220-221.) What took place at tho various conferences respecting the limit.s of Canada has been pro 'uied from the records of the Foreign ( )frice. On the ISih August, 17G1, ^L de Bus.sy, the French Mi li.-ter at London, furni.shed to Mr.Pitt a memorandum upon the limits of Louisiana, which bore upon the limits of Canada, iind lan thus: "Sur les limites de la J.«ui.siune. " Pour fixer Ics limites de la Ixjui.-iane du c6t^ des colonies Angloise.s et du Canada, on tirera une ligne qui s'etendra depuis Rio Perdido entre la Bayo -le la Mol)ile et cell- do Peii.sacola, et. p;»>>ant par .jo Jo Foit Toulouse choz les Alibainons, et qui, ,se prolongeant piir la puitite occidentale du Lac Kri6 enfermera la Riviere des Miamis, et i);vr roxtreinitd orieiitale du lac Huron, ira aboutir a ia hauteur ties terres du coto de la Baye d'llndson vers le Lac do I'Abitibis, d'oii la ligm- .sera conliniioe do rE.sfc i rOiiest ju.s(pies et compris le Lac .Suporieur." (Pub. Roc, i i;i Vol. iH:i). Instructions, however, accompanied by an ultimatinn. w.-re transmitted under date of tho 27th Augast, 17 d, to iMr. Stanley, in which it was laid down that thtsr limits could not bo acceded to ; and Mr. Pitt, in alluding to the conduct of France, stated that among the reasMus wheretiy British confidence had been shaken was the " claiming, as Louisiana, with an etiVontery unpar.dleled, vast regions which the .Mannns do Vaudreuil had surrendered to (Im.ml Ainher.st as Canada, and defined himself' with his own hand, as comprehended in the Mr. Pitt gave the following definition of the governmiiit of that Province, where he commanded ; " and 50 the boundarie.s of Canada, as set f,.rt!i by M. de Vaudreuil ; 30 40 ill tliu Oiitiii'io a lioiimlai-y lias i ; — " The cliijin betttT evidence it limy illu.stiMto law lit' rmtioiiH it lull I a Niici'ial iilievK who have Miu'iits: (•//,, the wliii'li jiortiDiiH 10 lul tho limps uf •eiitiiru's, which vtio?)'* rpciue.stcd eh Wiis (lone on Is, |ip. 17G-7.) tna, aH this will g coinpriniMl in V. to M. Crozat 20 i ami its trihu- rn iKHindary (.f le .same public f Now Franco and Louisiana passed hutween •cct. " On the t, and vcrlially is, whivli in the 'M the rivrr of the le Illinois was pro 'U led from I to Mr.Pitt a n thus: on til-era une ;n |iii>sant par .jq '■■ du Lac Eri6 ia hauteur des iiiuc de I'Esti a ! of tlio 27th joded to ; and ish coiifidi-nco vast regions, fined himself, aiidcd ; " and 50 /jiHi!r"?iil ' S3 " Le (Jiinaihi, seloii la li.;ne dr sri Iiiiiit..M fn.p.<,. „„„ I « • . .. , Uoii;{eenil.rass.:, par ill. coiir.s tortueiiv l„ l(i».i> ..,> /, 1 . ',,; ''-'"•'•"''■'■ ''''l""" '''«• .1 .!« I» ,. ,,„l„„:,. 1,. I„„,„|„ ,.,.t 1 nil , , , T " l*V,> .>,!,) j„.,|„i ,„ j„„eti„„ J.. ,,„,;„, ■" -i,„. ».„t ,„ M,., si„„i,.,. f,„. ,,..,„ I;, " :, " ""■;*■ ::'' r" ""»■ "' *' ■'" ^' '■» ' ' ^'^ " • '■ '"* '"-.. ..„„„;,;::;:';;:,'::" ;;:i;;r'rur';:i7 " ''■■'"■•" •> - "Tlie(iovernnieiitof (Canada includes Lakes. Ilii.-,.., vi; .1 10 Vol. M. A,,,.. .,,,1 w. i,„ii,i, ' " "'" '"'■" *■ '■»»■'»»■' (I'ui.. u™, oir, It is further recorded on the 2nd Senteinher 17f! I fl, \r • 1 tt , the Due ,lo Choiseul l.y Mr. Stanley and t la t ,-' ^1 r T '"''' ^ '^'"''•^■"i' « '"ap was .shown to This fact is further HuLmtmt^ b; pl^^^l ti: ^; 'I T'" 'T '"''''"' "''"" '^^ "'^"-' ^t'^^'"'- 20 runs as follows : ^ '^ ^" '" *^' ^'''"'">' ** '''-••'*l"^t'--l' "^ the 4th of that month, which "Tho Due do Clioi.soiil complained that the l.oi.nd.s of CMnada weiv l..!d ,1 to Franco in tho description which vour niemori,,! . . " ''''■-^' ""^"vourably between the Manpiis de V.iidre 1 nl O v r T?' "'"" ^"''^ ""' "'"'^ '"^•' ''^"■" •"■^1"'^- two Provinces, wherein the f 1 . t .!> m ral'l" IT"'" "'"' '■"""^'' *" ^''^' """^^ "^ "'-'• jurisdiction ; ho adde.l. however, th t U^.^d. Z t h"' r """"' "f "/ '"' ""'^">' ^'"'-"«'' ''- intention of the Kin-, his master to n Z f '. <''', "Ctions mi^d.t he ma.Ie, it ha-l he,.,, the oon.sented in his nam; t tl 1 i . i s I t ^ T 7' """"'•'" ''''''"' "*" '''^"^•''^' ^''^ ^'"^* '- thi. Province should remain to G v t li it! .!'' H ' ""',7^'^ ^'" f"* "'^- •^■"' '' ^^ ««-ed that Paris, Sept. 2nd, 17G1. Pub. liec. CW. Vol! ^^ Vrlnco ^'^ "" '' ^''""^^^ "' '^ ^""^■'''^-- -* '^ivor^';;t rzyir s:\:t hI;; ''-'- -''^'''■- - >"-> «•••- -^ ^^-. -•• wa^ ae. follow': '''' ^'""'^ '""^ """*^""^ ^'•^' -'^^'^^- ">• ^-- of the de Vaudreui. map. and states .s ,.r:J;:lt^^:!z ;:"pS~ "^^■"" .. , , "^'fr ^^ 'r ^°" "•^'•"^^"'"- "^ '■ ^^'--^^^ et dans ce,te of.. : ell sans .lissert™: l.ne : H ji:: t^ '^ ^'" '^^"'"^ = ''^ ^^"^^^^ '^-^^ comme cette u.ne demaiidee par rAn-dote^r est an d n T ""', '"!" ^""'^"''''" P*^"" ^^' '^''"''^'J ' donner .\ la cession, le Roi veut bie„ IWe, ^er ' f "" ?"*'^J.'V"."'" ''' P'"^ '=^'"''- T- 'on pu et de TAngleterre. 1701, p. o2. F. O Lib. t No I'ir) ""'" '^^ '^ ^''"'^"'^'''" ''^ ''^ ^^'"'^ *'%Ven:h:r2r::^:^;^.;;r'^^"^'''^^'' - '''' Fobruary,170:U,.Hich tho Canada of the doniiSns:-r- S^:.,:^^;i:^r:;-,:.;:;^^ that for the future the conHnes between the «hall be fixed irrevocablv bv a ine drawn hn t . ^^ II ' ^"•'"^'' '" '^'^^ P*^--^ "♦"*''« """'Id. the River Iberville, and Vrom 1. nee tl ■ Z" 7'''^:\ "^ "r;,^'""" ''^-^^^^Wl f-in its source to and Pontchartrain to tho so:.' (O^t C"! ^rilt"' " "' '"'^ '"■^""^^' ^''" ''''^ ^^^-l- As the source of the River Mis,sissinni w..« i'...i r 1 1 •. ,. dev,,„j™„a.ec^,, there. jer/.r;::;':!:^:^; ;:,:';:- ^^^ '™'^''''' '''"^'"^^ • lolNI- Ai'i'Ksnn. N.V. II. Tiir Ai-'iilniliiin. Cue of tho Diiiiiiiiiiiri, u« Hlll.lllltl'.i ti> till' Aii.ilrn- torn, Ih;«, ISSo aneo 34 Now, tlif ])rocIanmtii)n of Uio Kin',' on tin rtli Oetolier, 176S, criiited four separate Governments, not within the limits ol the Joint Apr-KNuix. VIZ. : yuLlH'u, hast Florida, West Florida and Grenada. Hre. ir. r.'ir All the lands not within the limits of the said Governments, and r,i ni im. territory j^ranted to tiie Hudson's Hay Company, were foi the present • served for the protection and Stinint'm, ,i« •'"'"''»"" of the Indians. (Out. ])oct.s., p 26.) Hllluilittril to tllr .\llntnv ^ , _„^ t<.rH, I87S. QUKHEC AcT, 1774. When the. Quebec Act of 1774 was introduced, it was designed to extend the hounds of the Province of Quebec far lieyond those created by the Froclamation of the Khyy, isstied in October, 17(io. By the Act, as nrii^inally introduced, it was evidently intended to include in the Province ul Quebec "all the territories, islands anil countries heretofore a part of the territory of Canada, in North Americt extending southward to the haid-n of the MisniMippl, ami northwjird to the southern boundary of the territory 10 granted to the Merchant Adventurers of Ei)j,dand tradinjr to Hudson's l^ay, and which said territories islands and countries are not within the Hunts of the other British colonies as allowed and confirmed by the Crown, or which have since the 10th February, 17G3, been made a part and parcel of the Province of Newfoundland." (Mills, pp. 77-.S.) Now, in the Act as passed, the words " heretofore a part of the territory of Canada," are left out and the Act included "all the territories, islands and countries in North America belonging to the Crown of Orciit Britain," b(?tween certain defined limits along the western boundary of the then Province of Pennsylvania until it strike the River Ohio ; liiul along the bank of the said river, westward, to the banks of the Mississippi, and northward to the .southern boundary of the territory granted to the Mer- chants Adventuroi-s of England trading in Hudson's Bay ; and all the territories, islands and countries 20 which have since the 10th February, 1 70:'., been made \mvt of the Government of Newfoundland, be and they are hereby, liuring His Majesty's pleasure, annexed to and made jiart and parcel of the Province of Quebec, as created and established by the .said Royal Proclamation of 7tti day of October, 1763." (Out. Docts., p. M) On reading this description it will be seen that the east bank of the Mississippi could not have been intended as the western linut. Whenever the bank of a river or lake is created a boundary, the Act exprensly states such to be the case, as " the eastern bank of the River Connecticut," " the eastern bank of the River St. Lawrence," '• thence along the eastern and .south-eastern bank of Lake Erie," and " along the bank of the said river (Ohio) until it strikes the Mississippi." Now, when the River Mississippi is reached, the description 30 does 7io< proceed "along the bank of the .said river," as in the other descriptions, but describes tlie remaining limit as "northward to the southern boundary of the territory granted to the Merchants Adventurers of England." It is .said that the word " northward " in the Act cannot mean " north," and that, therefore, a lino drawn north from the junction of the Ohio and Mississippi rivers to the southern boundary of the Hudson's Bay Company's lands would not conform to the descrijition in the Act. The meaning of the expression " northward," a.s used in this Act, received judicial interpretation m the year 1818, on the occasion of the trial of Charles de Reinhard for murder committed at the DaUes ; and also during the trial of Archibald McLellan, in the same year, for a like offence. The Judges of the Court of Queen's Bench in Lower Canada, in giving judgment in these cases .„ (Ont. Uocts., pp. 22(!-7-8), were eleariy of opinion that the western limit of Upper Canada was a line drawn due north from the junction of the Ohio and Mississippi rivers, was In the Treaty between Great Britain and the United States, in 184C, the term " westward used, and it w.is interpreted to mean " due west." (U. S. Treaties and Conventions, p. 375.) Because the Commission which issued to Sir Guy Carieton in 1774 extended the boundary of the Province "a ong the eastern bank of the MissL^sippi river to the southern boundary of the territory granted to the Hud.^on'g Bay Company." it h asserted that the Commission should govern ate Govemmonts, the limits oj the he protection and Is of the Province IT, 17()o. By the I Quehec " all the merica extending V of the territory 10 ;h said territories d and confirmed [id parcel of the da," are left out ;iiig to the Crown then Pro vi rice of rvcstward, to the ntcd to the Mer- id.s and countries 20 ewfoundland, be nd parcel of the day of October, could not have tates such to be r St. I-Jiwrence," (if the said river the description 30 it describes the the Merchants therefore, a lino jundary of the 1 inter|>retation )mniitted at the 'ence. t in these cases idft WHS a line vestward " was 175.) )undary of the E the territory :u. 40 85 The Commission to Governor Andrnw nf rv...., i- i tho „';::: o^H:,!rz:\::t-t::rw'l:r:'r''%''^^ .-^»'^'-"-' - 1791.— Thk Cox.stitijtional A(rr. What is known as the Constilntioi.al Act of i79l (;}l Geo Ifl ,..,. 'in l.-pnrtsof an Act passetl in the fourteenth year of His U^;^'^^:::^^,^^^^''''''''^ more e/lectual provision for the L'overnmont of flw i>.. ,'• ' -'yn"tlt'l An Act for making make further provision for the glri::r:Vl! lid P™;:;' ^"^^'''■'^' '" ^'"-^^ America." and to ■AnZtirntlrr::;:;;!;:^^^^^^^ An.erica;- an-l whereas the said Act is in ^ l Xn nV , ." ""'"'" "^ ^"^^•^*=' '" ^orth circun.stancos of the saitl Province an, vh Z i 7 ^^f'"^' *'^ *''<' P---t condition and should now be made for the K-o to "1:!:; : .':::!:; "'h ""^r^--^ *'r^ ^■••^'- P'-ovision nK.ste.KcollentMaJestytl.atftnu;iKM.n 1 I : 1,J^ T'' .'* ^'^'^^'f'- Pl-- ^our I.y an.l with the advice and consent of the n' I •. ' "'''=*^^'''' ''> "'" '^'"^'^ -no.st es-.Hiont Majesty. 20 Parliament assemiilcl, an. ZT 1 Wi K , J T "n ^""'"'"'' ""' ''""""""^' '" ''''■^ I— ".aimerrelatestotlK.app,,i„tmt. .. aC ti T "u': "' T '""'■'' '"' ^''^^ •^"•'' ^^^' ^ ^ 'W power ,dve„ by the sail A . lid ^n^^ ll "" "' "" ''*"'' '''"^■''"^' "^" •^""'"•"- -" *« ti>e the peL, well.re. Id t . ll^^'Ti?^ '' "" ""^'"- ^^'' f "'->' ^" -'^^ -li-nces for Governor. Lieutenant.Go;r:l;::uZl,ltn;iff ''";;"' r'^'' ,"" '"""^""^ "' "'^ ^^"^^^^'^ hereby repealed. Oommandt.-.n-( h.et. for the tune bo.n.i., shall be and the .same is -n:t::::;-il.fS:;:?;.;;-;:^-^^-i;';^^ ^^-.ot,.both „ouses of Pania. P^ovince of Upper Canada and the ^IZ^l. V^'Z::!'!::'^:^ ^^T^ J^ "^^^^^^^ ^- it is argued that this Proclamation 11 If T '"'"^ '"' ' ^"" '"■^''"^''^ I'^oy^,,,,. But of Quelle. Thisar,umentit:;:i;nth:i ^:;;:::;:^^fcr:-^^ vr '---- of the Proclamation. ^-'^"'^""' "-fc the end of the hrst paragraph Qu,.„o. Ti,o Act ,.,.., t„o i.,i::^J7^^::'z:::;!^:t' J'''/ ■'":':: r-™- »' 8e/;am<« Pww7ife«." " ''^ '"■ ^ ""■"*C'; o/ Queher, into tivo His Majesty, on thc24thdaynf Auo-ast I7,„* e ^\ • t, hards ca.se and in McI ellan's ca (tt Doc , t/ - l""""' ^r^' "' '^*'""- '^'"^''^''^' '" ^^'^ "eiu- onlv that narf ,.,■ M,„ P :' . • •'! , '^^"' ''P' --''-'-'^)' ^^''^'^ timt " Upper Cana.la coul.i inel„d.> extend ^^y^^^^l^^. iuni^ ^.i^':;^^ ^-^M>ut it eou.d not .ToiVT Api'KNDIX. Sec. II. Thr Arbitrution. ('ii«i' of the Kiiiiiinion, as Hiibinitti'd to till! Arliitra- tor8,l«7S. ArpSx. . ^." ^'"^ Coniinissioii i.ssue.l to Loi.l Dorohoster, Supt. 12, 1701, as Captain-Gciioral and Govei-noN Sw I] '"-^'''cf of tlie Provinces of Upper Canada and Lowur Canada (wherein tlie Order in Conneil of I'Jth "rhc' ^"S"'*'^' l"!'l. i« recit.d), it state.s the intention to divide the Province of Quebec into two separate Arb,-tr«tion. Provinces, " the Province of Upper Canada to comprelieiid ail said lands, territories and islands lying Cftsoofthe westward of the said line of division as were part of our said Province of Uuebec." fOnt DoctJ Uimiiniiin, as r, J.*i \ i. ^ "• -^^vv/uo. Kiilniiittcil t.i y- '*^-f the Arliitra- n'>\ rt ... torn. 1878. Ihc ( ..n.nnssion issued in 17P-1 to Henry Cal.lwell, Esquiie, Receiver-General of the Province of Lower Canada, contains a boundary ilescription of Upper Canada similar to that in the (.*omnii>Hion of Lord Dorchester. (Ont. Documents, pp. ;j«:t-:}!)(i.) The ten Connnis.sion.s is.ur.l to the Govei-nois-(;eneral of the Provinces of Upper and Lower Canada 10 between Deeend.er, 171)(i, and 1st duly, IS.'].",, contain boundary-line descriptions similar to that of Lord Dorchester, in September, 1701. On the 13th Decemlier, ls;18, a Cnnmdssion was issued to Sir John Colborne as Governor-in-Chief ot thelr.,vinceof Upper Canada, in which, after describing the other boundaries of the Province it proceeds : " On the west by the Channel of Detroit, Lake St.'Clair, up the River St. Clair, Lake Huron, the west shore of Drummond Island, that of St. Joseph and Sugar Island, thence into Lake Superior. (Ont. Docts., p. .}!)0.) ' The Comini.ssion to the Right Hon. Charles Poulett Thomson, dated Gth September, 1839, contains boundary descriptions similar to above. (IhiJ., p. ;}90.) 29:ni August, 1840. 20 The Act of Union (Impl. Act ?., 4 Vic, cap. nr>) wr,s passed to make "provision for the good government of the Provinces of Upper Cana.da and Lower Canada which, after the p,.,ssing of this^Act, shall torn, and be one Province under the nan.e of the Province of Caua.la." (Ont. Docts., Lord'^-Tl''^""p^"^''"'''"ir/^'''"''^ "^ ""' '""^ August, I.S40, a Commission w^as issued to Lo d h3 denhan. as Governor. u.-Ch,ef of the Province of ( 'anada. The Comini.ssion ,dvos the western boundary ot the United Provnees. as in the Co.nndssion to Sir John Colborne. (Ont Docts p 51) The Co.nm.,ssion to Lord Metcalf, in February, I,S4:3, and that to Earl Cathcart in March 1,S4G and the one Lssued to Lord KIgin, on 1st October, l.S4<;, contain boundary-line de.scription o^- Canada simdar to that issued to Lord Sydenham in 1 ,S4t). ^ ^^ <-anada 1 hen, m order to reach offenders for crimes comiiiitfe,! in Ml-, t„ r r,, ., was passed. (Ont. Docts., pp. 4-5.) ' P' ^"^^ '^^^'' August, l«t);j) As doubts exi.sted as to whether the provisions of 4'iG,.n TTT „„^> 10Q . ,, ^^ Bay Territory, the Act 1 and 2 Geo. IV., 'ip. Orc'id j'dv l^in vva'' ' T 11 '' *'" ""''-^^"'^ Bay Company's lands and tn-rUorics /.. v ^^'e -^^.. Upper Canada shall constitute the Province of Outlrio 1ml Ih "T^ ?'"^'^""^'' '"^^ ^^-ince of C-.^aHe And the I4(jth .section of the .same Anf nn i f^'"-"- (t>nt. Docts., p. H.) th. Ari.itru! Territory could he adn.itted into the Uni;. if al ^w! ."^' ''''''''' ^^•■^" ^"" ^'^ North-Western "" ^"^' ]0 " It shall be lawftd for the Queen l.v and wifl *i Privy Council, on add.es.ses fnm, the hII;: /^.ite'n Tc"' t^ '''^-''"' ''^^' "--'-^le , respective Legislatures of the Colonies or Provin e " .l', '^'^"f'^-' ^^om the Houses of the Bnfsh Colun^bia, to adndt those Colonies or Prov . anv 'T ' ''r"" '''''''' '^^'^^'^ and from the Houses of the Parlia.nent of Canada to adnS R. 7 r '",'' '"'" *'"^ ^ '"'""• «"'l «" addresses or either of them, into the Union, on such ^ : '^l :,^7^' '^"\' "-' No.th- Western Territ ^^ expressed, and as the Queen thinks fit to appn. s! e to H ''"''. 'I^^' ' '^^ ^^^ ^^^ the addre. Js provisions ol any Order in Council in that ],ell If shV » '" provisions of this Act ; and the Parliament of the United Kingdom of Great t^Ln'ri^r' ^^'V ^ ^'^^" '^-^-' ' ^''^ On the 17th December, 18G7, the Senate .n 1 C ' ' ^^ ^^^'^ 20 addre^ to the Queen, praying Her L^ty^ ^^'"^ 1 ^^'^ ^•"""""" "^ ^'"^''^ -'-'P^ed an wi this i^..ini.„ ,„, ,, .,,,, ,.^ ^l ^^.;, - JP^^^ W aud the rjurth-Western T^ito:; wellate and good government. (Orders in ('ouncil. Dom sla,! is^ f '\ '" ^'"''^ '"" *'""• ^'"^^^^ and ^ V-^f r^^Sr ;rd:::;tt;L;1^i -/-- -«' -• -O^ Crmpenal Act 31 On the littli November 18G') tl li i > Majesty, of Ruperts Land, which inchdedtridSo^ ^ '''' "^ — '- to Her IH'M. by the Company, e : ,Ung tlu. lands mentioned n."' 1 ^'^'T'"' ''"'"■ "^^ ^'---' ^o be .0 -cond paragraph, the • V. .,,ny might, within t vX mo Uhs ? "n ",''^ '-'■««-Phs. Under the their stations. The sc^..u,e of the lands select d s'^^ f^' f "'"^'^ "^ '«"<' -li-""'^ each of 40,000 acres of land. ^'""^ '' ""ached to the surrender, an.l includes about Under paragraph No. 5, " the Company may within «ftv v town,ship or chstrict within the Fertile Belt, i ^^ ! " i''t/ ?. ''"^ ''''''''"''' ^^'""^ '" any exceeding one-twentieth part of the lan.l so set out." ""* '"' «'^"!on,ent, grants of land no^ -sS;:.t::::sr^^^^^ boum,ed as foi,ows,-on northern branch of the Saskatchewan ; on the ea Ibv iJ^V ' '''T"'''' = "" ^''^ "'"-t''. ^'v the the waters connecting them." (Onier L Coundi: sL!? c^l:;.)' ':;:;^;_ t^;:.^'^'^ «^ ^'^ ^^-k and ^40 S"cb surrender was accented hv R,„. m • i , I on the 2.>nd day of'june, Z' ' "" '''^^"^^' '^ "'' ^"'^^^ ^ ""-'- '^.-r sign manual, and signed ^K On the li.'h'd June T^7n ir.,,. \t • L 1 ■ the sa^d North-Weste;."^^;.i;^r^, ;::;!-;::, :^7rf -• -f - ti.«t, a^er the 15th .uly, Donnnion of Canada, on the Dondnion pay ng to th ' l", a-''"it>H and become part of the be tran^.rre.l to the Don.ini f Canad! "^S^^ ^:;;:'{ '"'''T' '''^'^ ^^"'-^^'^ ^au'' ^''o h^ paid. (Ont. Docts.. pp. ^O.-.-d-T-S.) "'"'*•-' '^^^ ^'^^'" '"ade and the consideration money t^.x;:.s:*rst;:,,s;r::-;°^';r-r.'- -7; .--.- «-.,„.. ..„„ , ^ 38 ill ids i Joist An-ENiiix. Bay Onnipany of their lantls and turritoiie.s, lights and privileges, the Ontario Government never inter- fered or claimed that wliat was ahout hoinL' surrt'iidci'ed to Her Majesty for tlie purpose of admission j^^ ■ into the Domiiuoii had at any time formed a part of the Province of Upper (.'anada — althougli Ontario Arkitration. must be assumed to have kno\vii tiiat the Hudson's Bay Company was, in ISf)?, claiuiing under its Case of the Charter that the southern houiidary of the G'om|iaiiy's territory was tiie lieight of land (hviding the siiimiittcd'to waters wliieh flow into the Hudson's Bay from those emptying into the St. Lawrence and the Great tora.'iCT™' ^^^^' 'I"'' t'l'i-t tlie western boundary was the base of the Rocky Mountains. In thus lying by while the Dominion was purchasing this tetritory, and without forltidding the imrchase or claiming unv interest whatever in the rights and i)rivileges about being aciinired, thnt Province is now estopped from setting up that its western boundary extends beyond the meridian 10 pas-'jing tiirough the point of junction of the Ohio and Mississippi Kivere, north of the United States and south of the Hudson's Bay teriitoiies. All the remaining territory was "held, or claimed to bo held, by the Governor and Company," and was, ad such, paid for by the Dominion. {Gregg v. Wells, 10 A. and E. !)().) The acceptance by the Imperial Government of a surrender of what the Hudson's hay Company claimed as territory lielonging to them, was ai. .admission that no portions of these territories were ever included in the Province of U|ij)er Canada. The British Government being bound by this admission, surely Ontario must be. In 1871 a Commissioner was appointed by each of tlie Governments of the Dominion and Province of Ontario, for the settlement of the northerly and westerly boundaries of the Province. 20 The instructions given to the Goinmi.ssioners on behalf of the Dominion were that— " The boundary in question is clearly identical with the limits of the Province of Quebec, according to the 14th Geo. III., ch. Ki, known as the " Quebec Act" and is described in the said Act as follows, that IS to say: Having set forth the westerly position of the southern b )undary of the Province as extending along the River Ohio ' 9 ueatward to thr. hanks of the Mississippi' the description continues from thenee (i.r-., the junction of the two rivers) 'and northwards to the southern boundary of the territory granted to the Merrhants Adreutiircrs of England trading to Hudsons Bay. " Having determined the preeise longitude, west of Greenwicli, of the extreme point of land making the junction of the north and ea.st banks respectively of the .said river, you will proceed to ascertain and define the corresponding point of longitude or intersection of the meridian passing through the said junction with the intemiational boundary between Canada and the United States. ° 30 "Looking, however, to the tracing enclosed, marked A, intending to illu.strate the.se instructions, it IS evident that such meridian would intersect the international boundary in Lake Superior. "Presuming this to be the case, you will (ietennine and locate the said meridian, the same being the westerly poiti>n of the boun.huy in .piestion, at such a point on the northerly shore of the said lake as may be nearest to the said international boundary, and from thence survey a line due south to deep water, marking the .same irp ,n and across any and all' points or islands which mav intervene and from the point on the main shore found as aforesaid, draw and nuirk a line due north'to the southern boun.lary of the Hudson's Bay Territory before mentioned. This will complete the survey of the westerly boundary line sought to lie established. "You will then proceed to trace out, survey and mark, ea.stwaidlv, the aforej.-entioned southern 4() boundary of the territory granted to the Marhuds Adreuturrrs of Kn^^land trading to Hudson's Bay. " This is well understood to he the hci;;ht of land divi.ling the wate.., which flow into Hudsons Bay from those emptying into the valleys of the Gnat Lakes, and fornn-ng the northern boumlary of Ontario; and the same is to be traced and snrveye.l. following its various windings, till you arrive at the angle therein between the Provinces of Ontario and Quebec, as the latte liaving iiceompli.shed which, the .same will have been completed.' The Privy Council of Ontario "That the Province of Ontario elain,s that the boundary line is very different from the om- defined l,y the .aid instruction., and cannot eohscnt to the prosecution of the Comuii.ssion 1., lie latter is at pivscnt bounded, lieeii eoniplet on receiving a copy ol above instructions advise the Dominion, lor the purpose of SO lent never inter- Dse of admission iltliougii Oiitiirio jmiiig uiidor its mil (lividliif^ the !e and the Great t fbrhidding the ifjf acijuirod, thnt id tlie meridian ]0 e United States ir claimed t» be {Gregg v. Wella> 8 hay Company tories wen- e\'cr tliis admission, in and Province ^- 20 tehee, according Act lis follows, ho Province as >tion continues undary of the of land making )d to ascertain g through the 30 te instructions, rior. le same beinf re of the said ) due south to intervene, and 1 th(j southern survey of the nu'd sontfirrn 40 (adson's Hay. into Hudson's boundary of you arrive at ent iiounded. ^e Dominion, lie di^tinc^d liy 10 purpose of 39 marking on the ground the line so defined iin.l tl.nt fi.„ n „ • • of Ontario should be instructed to al stab f f k ^77-^^"^"-r '^PPoint.d by the Government Docta, pp. ;]4()- 1.) '"'" ^''•''"S ""^" ^'"•^''^''- •^'^t'"" ""<»«'• l'i« conmiis.ion." (Ont. The boundaries that Ontario was willin.r fn o/.„,.„* l f , ■ Docts., p. 24.!.) ^ *° ''"""P* ''''■ "^'^ ^"'•''^ '" '*" '^i-d«'- in Council. (Ont Until the hnunduries could lu' dcfinitelv adiustod n.v>vM-,; i u . • ;^.d of J„,„., 1874, as follows -0„ t.ie wesi ZT f'"' f'"""' boundaries were agreed upon on the . ----convent.on^r::;^s.^;:-::^^^ SUPPLEMENT TO DOMINION CASE, SUBMITTED TO THE ARBITRATORS. 1878 * (COPIED FHOM DOCUMENTS FUKMSilED I,Y THE FOREIGN OFFICE; M. de Vaudreuil was Governor of La Nouvelle France in 1755 ' 1.0 .ppoinW to ,l,ftae. f„ an a niclbio 1 il W t i ''""I' """ '^"■°'"' """ ^«"""''-i-> »I'.."M ^'^^tp::.s^:^::^:zi:^ a. 80 in May, 1755, the commission was still sitting at Paris 1. Limits of Acadia. 2. Limits of Canada. 3. The course and territory of the Ohio. 4. The islands of St. Lucia. St. Vincent, Dominica an ^- invariably the Sup|,i..,„e„t of the TrlTv'^.rnr\?%^""'''^ ""'''' "'" °^ ^'^ '^"'"•^'' ^'"^'''" P''«t«'"ion« i« drawn from Article 1.^ ^le rr that noli,?! i. ^f '='• • .^"f "^ '-''''^'"i»i"g -attentively an th. expressions «!: that Article, it is cvi.iont ASfjf from It ^ '■' *^'"' *'^" "''l"^-tions which the Court of London actually wish to draw countrt m. Z r'^ t ''""'^'^'" '" ''"' ^'"^''''^ "^ *'"' P^--'^"" "*■ ''^« ^•^vai.es. ami not at all of their hav of 'ZrH "'"'''; """ ^'"^' ''"" •" ''"'^■'•■"'-"' ^--"^-y- --• *•- -b' kr.owle.l,e they the two fWr''\^' M '"''/ '" ^''^'""^ "'"* everywhere where a .savaf,re, a friend or subject of one of wUhou ;unn1n r;,"'' ^T *'" '"*"" '^'' ^^'""■^- ^^ ^'^ --^-» ^'-^ - Englishman would dar savar naZ ' .u ","" '"""^"■"'' '^" *'"' ^'-'"l""'-^ *'"^t ^'-^ "- -•''J-^^ of England ; these durl rie eou : ofTh .' f" ". "^ '''^'" '^'""'^"-"^ '^"'""" ''' ^-'"'-' -"^ '-'^ ^'-'^ -^h then 20 during the course of the last war, during which the fiv. nations preserved the most e.xact neutrality Fren"h*as btvout ".F T V""^^, "^ ^,''f'' '°"'"'"'^ ^^'" ^"'" «^'l'"'-^i"ns. as much in favour of the •nd she relies up»n the Fori of Choi,,i!{en bel,,,. ,le,lroyc.l mM^.n,, it ^ .1 be eoiti,,:.;,; it™;;^:; ;l;rr'"™ '■ "" """°" "■"''^" """'" ""^^ •«-■■ "ppoi^ted fo'; 40 and IMVO bee,, given it; it will „„l bo 1™ e,Vv to 1, ,,, , "^ '" ■I"';'''' "" '"'»« ""^P.-etMions tl,.t by .ny ,„otive of i„,„re,t t„ m^orZTS.^:^:^T^,^f '"' ""•";"''. »'"»"■' "»' '- J-^'-™-! v«tresi„„,ofA,„„riea,t„,Lp,,te.,„„t»lf;t'^:^^^ confine.l to two ob eets, that of securitv and tlmf nf ,. . , t ''"^ essential interest is disposed to concert in these two res , cIs wi 't^lt 1" '"''"r" ' ' '." '^'""" "' ^™"'" ^^■'" ^^ ^'--^y^ for the present as for the future." ""^""' '^'l"''"'''^ '^"^ '^°''^' arrangements as well On the 7th of June followimr fh,. UnH'^J, n Artiele by Article, »„ „ilh S„t to Z n,tr,:?c:l:'r;t" ""'^ '" """ """•°'''' ""««""« 50 .4. 4 i 1S irocal convoiiience ix invariably the ri from Article 13 tiele, it is evident illy wish to draw ot at all of their knowledjro thoy which they will 10 suhjeot of one of should belong to could be called II this respect is an Would dare, ' England ; these ■ France than of Iwelt with thcni 20 ixact neutrality, in favour of the lid then sustain bonaquises and I there are some Sable, it would le English liave id consequently that enterprise 30 1 authorize the ide* pretext of ssures only the n nations, and till the savai'^s CI ' ' itions shall be 5d, because, in y is friendly, appointed for i of the justice retations that )o determined stion in these .ial inter(>st is I' ill be always nents as well ire, repeating 40 41 50 .lolNT Al'I'KMiJX. Thr Arhilritlit:t\, f>ii|i|ili'iniint I'iw, a» .fulj. inittril til thr) Arliitr;iiurB, isrs. r.>s,u.,.tive colonies, the Court of Great Hritain V 1. "' T"" ^''■'■■"' ^'^" '^^^'^ "^^ions or their to fix the limits of .t by an anucahi: l!:^^ L; bu^ wit;:: '" "^7 ''""^'" '" '^'^'•' *^' ^'-. -^ possessions of any of these five nations/^ "^ V^^^y^\^<^., neve.theless, to the rights a:.d Trea;^If UIS;; I'^.^r^f ^l^r B^X ''i '" ^"?^^"^^: ^^"^«'^^'' °^ ''- ^^"> Article of the 20 words or the intention of thr.t Artiell ""' '"'"=""'*^ '^"' '^ ''^ -^'""--1 "ther by the .;' rr 'ri •! :::r:.!^'^i'" — ^ ->■"'* ^i:^^ ^^^ Artic omy ,. 4* as regard to the person of the ons ..,_, „, - all rocoifnizcd this most .solemnly -she has well «-p;,rK,.,i n • \ -.iuai.t^* ; rrance lias signature of this Treaty. an,i^ Oreat C:" !': '^ .trf C: i^ ."l"'" ''T' '' ''' ^""" «^ ^- Indmns arc very well known, and are not at .11 •,« hi ' '"""*"''' possessed by these possess and transfer then, as other ..ronl? ' ,*" ' .""""^'r '" " '"■''''■"''-' "' *'>« Men.orial ; th, savages, and not th.-ir country ; the words of lit T ,' " f '""' '''^"''^ *° *^"^ P""-'^"" '>f tl or Cantons Indians are subject'to thH ^ G vJt bXI:'^ :^::;r' 7^'^' ^-- ^ '^^^ ^^-e Natior treaties, n.ust have reference to the coun^.y as well as t ' ' ^ f "''''P*'-"' '^^P"-^'^'"" "^ ^ recogni.,.d this most .solo.nnlv; she has wi J ,.i; .='''' ^:"''''''' ?' .^'"^ inhabitants; France h« France. possess ami transfer then, as other proprietois do cvo^y^l^lZ^ " '""""'"' "' ''' ''""'^"'^' ' ^'^^^ "2. Great Britain has never iirotcnil..,] t)...t n, . • , Tr„>t.v „t U.r„l.l, ,o„aw.d ami »,.«„,„„'; ti',.; '7 H '"»"'"""''" '"='"""-■'' ''"""f ^ '!>• .. ...ci. ; ti,„ „»,„„ „,■ .„„,,„ i, „„, „,;,„„'■;'. '; ."jr: '"^;;' ;--'«;Ci.apouo, .0 n.,.,^ Ih.„ "4. It is true that the 20th Article nf tl>,. t.. * f rr. , I 40 favour of the French as in favour of the EmJT^ , 7 !' T''''" '^' ^'^'"'^ stipulations in ■ after the conclusion of this Treaty, 1 Co n it;.T t f V "l 1- n"" '"'""^ '' ■^'"^" '^ ^— J. «« to w],at is n.eutioned of Mm fiv mtt ns o C r' , " '^"'^^'t '" ^''''' ^"''"" '' "*" ^^'•-"^•^ i bu declared by the said Uth ArticI U ^^ ^^e : tji: oH'''"; ^.-eo has distinctly and speci" m) deprive then. ..f tl.el.. t-M-ritoriesVl V "^ '' "' '""'^''^'' ^''''''''' t" '"'lid fn,.t« there to ^ - - t..,r.tones and to appropriate them. . not and w.U not be authorized l" any A' ( A-' 42 Joint pretention not even liv tlie most uncertain of all, viz., convenience. However, siicli are tlie forts of Fre«lericl<, Niagara, Pre.s(|u'isie, Rivicru-aux-Hn-iifs, and ail those tliat liave lieen imilt on tlie Oyo and ''^'°' "■ in the adjacent conntries. Whatever pretext Franee can aIle;,'o for refxardinj; tliose countries as ArhJtmiUm. dependencies of (.Canada, it is cortainly true tliat they have helonj,'e(l to, and (inasnmeli as they have not o TT„.„, been ceded or transferred to the JMi'dish) belon.'in'' still to the ^aino Indian nations that France lias to Doimnion agreed, by the 2(.ltli Article of the Treaty of Utrecht, not to molest, ' Millu in pouter um imvedimento {a\m; um Hub- , . ,, '' initt.-d tothe uut mv/eatia ajficiaut. ArbitrutoiD, "*"•*■ " C. It has already h(>en proved that France lias, by the express words of the said Treaty, fully and absolutely recognized the iroipiois as subjects of Great Britain. It would not liaxe been as ditlicult as is pretended in the Memorial to come to an agreement on the subjects of the other Indians, if, among 10 the many Commi.ssioiis which have emanated to .settle this point, there had been a mutual disposition to come to a conclusion. Tiie acts of these Comini.s.s ons have sutiicieiitly .shown the true reasons which have prevented the execution of the loth Article of the Treaty of Utrecht, without recourse to an imaginary sujipo.sition, as if the Treaty was not capable of being executed; a supposition which is evidently destroyed by the Treaty itself with regard to the Irocjuois nations. ' Un the 22nd of July, 17')">, .\lonsieur de Mirepoix, the French Amba-ssador, left England by order of his Court, without taking leave ; conseipiently, on the .same day, Mr. de Cosnc was instructed by His Britannic Majesty's Government to (piit France immediately without taking leave, and to repair to England, which he did on the 25th, and arrived in England, with all his public jsapers, on the 31.st of the same moiitli. 20 Negotiatioas were accordingly suspended, and on the 17th of May, 175G, war was declared by Great Britain again.st Fiance ; followed, on the 9th of June, by a French ordonnance declaring war against England. No further reports than those above described would appear to have been made to the Govern- ment by the English Commissaries between the 1st of April, 17.J5, and March, 175G. The following is an account of what passed between the 2Gth March and 20th September, 1761 : On the 2Gth of March, 17(il, the Due de Choiseul, in the name of the King of France, addros.sed the King of Great Britain, through Mr. Pitt, a letter, coniimmicating pi'oposals as to the basis of ne<'o- tiations for a separate peace between England and France, in addition to tho.se pending to secure a general European peace. „^ On the 8th of ,\)iril, the British reply was forwarded to the Duke, containing the views of the Court of St. James as to the proper basis to be established, in which willingness was expressed to receive an Envoy duly authoiized to enter into negotiations. The result of this was, that M. de Bu.ssy was ajipointed French Minister to London, ami Mr. Hans Stanley was sent in a similar capacity from Great Britain to Paris ; these diplomatists ariiving at their respective posts early in June of the same year. Negotiations were immediately .set on foot for the conclusion of peace between JVance and En<'- land; but the chief ditfieulty in arriving at an amicable understanding consisted in the desire of the French to retain the lisherics at and near Cape Breton. On the question ol Canada, under date of the 17th June, the Duke de Choi.soul had demanded 40 that the boundary of Canada in that part of the Ohio which is regulated by the water-line, and so clearly deHned by the treaty under di.scussion, be so established, that there may not be any contestation between the two nations as to the .said boundary. On the 2Gth June, the above proposal of the Due de Choiseul, as to the fixation of new limits to Canada towards the Ohio, was rejected by Gnat Britain on the grounds that it was " captious and msKlious; tb.own out in hopes, if agreed to, t. shorten thereby the extent of Canada, and to len.rthen the boundaries of Louisiana, and in the view to establish what must not be a.lmitte.l namely that all that was not Canada was Louisiana, whereby all the intermediate nations and countries the true bar- rier to each Province, would be given up to Franco." ' St 9 40 ari' the forts of in tlie Oyo and so coMiitrii;.s as ..s tlicy liii\ e not biiat FniDcc liaa ru tjupedimento il Troiity, fully liceii as (litliciilt liaiiM, if, among 10 tiuil (liMj)()sition e reasons wliich b recourse to an sition which is igland by order i instructed by md to repair to on tlic 3 1st of 20 30 aa declared by deoluring war to the Oovern- embor, 1761 : nice, addressed 1 liasis of neifo- ng to secure a 3 views of the s t'xpi'cswed to it M. de Bussy capacity from le of the .ianie ance and Eng- desire of the lad demanded 40 .■r-line, and so y contestation new limits to ' captious and d to lengtiiun imuly, that all , the true bar- 10 49 ing pi":?t::!.:t^r '' '^'--^ ^-^^ '''''- ^'^"^ -' '-''• - ^^ ^ --»- - ^^- ^"•'- oi any cxt-option whatever, ot all Canada and its dependencies " ^l^^:^:t^-^l:]nZi^ "^^'"^' ^^'''^"' ^"'•'' -"--.i" short, held it in ta. OepartuLts, ..u.^i^l::^':^,:;!: j^^l^et^^^^^^ ''-' ^ "-" ..on.ri:;rrt;i;;::v:r^;:r^j:^:^^ ---^ -aming proposal anV pre^ncoih r :j^ ^ u i::::;:::^^" r^'f'^'V"' h'"""^ ''- "•-'■^^ «^ -^"™'"" up- land b. the eutii. possesstn :!;• c:;::,:.' «"'^'-^"^>-' '^'"' -'^'-"^ interrupting the Crown of Eng- interl!t:™7:ii::Jrur'"''''^''V'"' •'"r ^'"^^'""^ ^^ ^^'^^^ ''"'-'■^-'- '--^ ^u European Britain, the fir t point ot ]. e relaL^^^^^ r 7 ^'"^ '^ :'"'":' ^" ''""'"' "* "'''""^'"" ''■'-' ^'^^^^ 20 never depart fn.n tl . t f '' "'"^ '''"'''•■'"' ^'"^'^ " "''^ B''it'^»»ic Majesty would Augi^vi-^isr rs:;:^::r ---•« — of the .. "The Kmg consents to cede Cana,la to Englan.l in the ,uost extensive form as speciHe.l in th« memorials of propositions. « iuwu, us sptcineci in tne Nevertheless, the replies of the French Qovommpnt fn fl„. ntl,,,- i ■ i aO ^^•'>«^"'^«y ^^'i'^. 'IS has been stated, at this time French Minister in rn„l ,. . n . , A,„.„,t „. f„„,i,,,o„ ., „,.. pu. a ™e,„„. , „.. u,„. of ■';„•■::: :;■:,: ;;;;. :;, ", Canada, and ran thus: >m'oh uh, iiniin ot " On the limits of Louisiana. "To fix the limits of Louisiana towar.ls the En^dish C.>lonios and Cann.ln « i;m„ i hi. which will extend from Kio Perdido, between the Bay oVZ iH ll t ' t'^^ Fort Toulouse in the Alibamons, and which, bein, pro^] ;: J^ ^^ ^Ir^T Uk'S'"' 'Z enclose the river of the Miamis, and bv the eastern extremitv of fak-oH,! i ^'^'^'^ ''"^' ^^"'H highiandson the side of Hudson's Ba^ towards tiLt;::c:?;Ltl;tf":i:;:/;;;';::';sv^ continued from east to west up to and comprising Lake Superior." ^^ 40 Instructions, however, accompanied l,y an ulti.natwm, were transmitted under date the -7th Angus 1.01 to Mr. Stanley, in which it was laid down that these lindts could not be accede In "and Mr. Pitt, n alluding to the conduct of France, stated that among the reasons wherebv Br tish fl dence had been shaken, was " the claiming, as Louisiana, with an cHrontery un.T^^Iletl u^^^^^^^ ' which the Manpiis of Vaudreuil had surrendered to Genera! Amherst as cLaT a, 1 t 1 1 ^''"'i'.' withlus own han.^ as comprehended in the government of that P.^:!;. w r'l . td ""'^ Mr. Pitt gave the following detinition of the boundaries of Cana.la. ,. set forth by M. de vludreuir "Canaila, according' to the line of its lisnita traced Uvth- Vf,». • ' i- i Joint AlM-KNlllX. Sec. II. The Arhitnitiori. til biiinlnion Casi', iw< milv iiiitti'd til tliu -\rliitriitiirH, mittfd til tlio ArliitnitiirH 187H 44 AriKNVix. '^"''"^''^'' comprises, on oiio si.lo, Lakes Huron. Mi(hij,'an iind Superior, nnd tho said line, driiwn from SeTli. ^°''?" Roujj;o, oinhraces \« last M.^moire of Franco to England, in these negotiations, is dated 9th September, and was dehvere.1 by M. do Hiis.sy to Mr. Pitt on tho 14tli. ' follol^L''^'^'"*''''*"""^' '"""'■'''' ''''"'''^''"''' ^'^'^"''''' "^ *'^'^'^° ^^"^'•'^"'■J niap.'^nd states as "The King has declared in his fir.st Memorial of propo.sitions, and in his ultimatum, that he will tm nor; f !^'';';*7*"^^"«'7''.t'^" I— 'on of Canada, in the most ample manner. Hi! j" bvM rV!\'"'' "''''''"' •''■^'■•'""'^' *''^' '""' °f ''« •'""'« marked '•:••'-;•-; all tho pretensions that h..ha.Ifonnorlyfonn for New -'"" Sc.,ti.n,l or Ae, ,1m, ... al ,ts parts, a„,l «,..,ant....s it ,„ite ontir.. an,I with all its .lenen.ien i s to til "': "" K.o. of Groa l>nta,n. H.s,.l,.., hi. vny . "hristian Maj-.ty clcs a„,l guarantees to h s sa .1 1 . t n ic -^^-'.. Ma ..sty ,n a I ,ts ent.re y Ca,.a,la, with all its .lepen-lencie. .s w.ll as the I.slan,! ..f Capo li eto M "~ all th..otIu.r Islan. s .n the(Julf an,I iliv,.,. St. Law.vnce, without restriction, without his' being fro con.e buck upon th.s cess.on an.l guarantee, u.uler any pretext, n..r to trouble Ureat lirit in , the atotenientioned possessions. j'umui m mo Foreign Office, April 27th, 1878. ElJWARD HkIITSLKT. 20 itreal, with tho the south-east, on the south- ;Iie north-west, irrc do Becquit /hnillon en the shown to the therein stated, if that month unfavourably re had been ) tho linuts of 7 enlarged his had been the 1, and that he 30 » agreed that ber, and was and states as that he will His Majesty ap presented nir)st exten- 40 •ed by Great on the 21st he King of re in effect the Due de Articles of 10 [Rook of Arbitration Documents, reprinted in separate volume Mr. Ila.nsa^vs Report to the l),.„.,nion (Jovernn.ent not reprinted in this Appomli, Mr. Mills Kei,ort co the Ontario (Jovornment not reprinted in this Ap,.endix ] 20 REPORT OF THE PROCEEDINGS BEFORE THE AR15ITRAT0RS IN THE MATTER OF THE BOUND.VRIKS OF THE PROVINCE OF ONTARIO. Al on AW A. 1st, 2ni), 3iiu AUGUST. 1^78.* Arbitrutora : The Right Honourable Sir Edward Thornt tho arbitra or' Hve copes, the .statutes, documents. a.Hl other mutter which .seemed to bear on the subject whethor 30 Uv,.rably or un.avourably to our claim. I do not mean to attempt now an oxhL t v Ctom :t^^^ all that IS material, but purpose con.ining my.self to stating some grounds which seem to me to bT^uito sufficient, and more than sufficient, to sustain our claim, although there are others of perhaps no Is importance tha might be dwelt upon. I do not mean even to answer at present all if^XJlZ have Ijeen set lorth in the case for the Dominion ; some of them I .shall refer to, and if an of those ::; ijf f " tj'"^' ^"^ ''"^""'"' "^^" ""> '^'•^'^-■•-- ^ ^'^^'^ •-- -- opportu ty , ; reply to remark upon thorn. ' ' •' •> The sixth secti.,n of the British North America Act provides that that part of the Province of Canada wl.ch .ormery constituted the Province of Tapper Canada, shall constitute the Provinc O.tarTo " heProvineoof C,jnada was by tho Union Act of 1840 constituted of the Provinces of Up^ " d M. Lower Canada. The ,ne of division between these Province, had ..en settled in 17!.l by an O. le n Counc, . and ex^tooded in ma.uier therein described to the '■ boundary line " of Hu-lson's Bav By tl «amo Order ,n Co,mc,l, U,^r Cam.bi.as to include^UUh.^ .erritJy to the . estwai^; amttu^v ' d ,.p aeSriaT"'"'"" '*'"'""• ''■'~""'' '''' ^''P'"'' "' "•^■"-'"^ °f ^^^^ of Co,u,uo,u. CH„a.U, 1880, Arpiinpnt nf tlicAttnniiy- llt'tllTftl of Onfariiilw- ('>«! till! .\r- Mtrfttiir.-, i'nd AujfUBt, 1878. M h Appkndi.x ^^ ''" *"*''' "'"'' ''^ '''""itinost cxtt nt df I ho country commonly calli-il or known liy thonamo of Canada." _ All (j| tlio Province of (.'luiailii whicli lies west of tlio line of divi.sion lii'loni.''i to lJj)|ier ('anailii, oh nil TV ■*^'''c'' ''•■■* '-'iv>it of the Hiimo division line l)i'loii;,'H to tlie Province of Qtioliee. Ontario huH the Hanio irhiinuion. limits lis (Jjiper Canada had, and tlie sain(> limits as west id" tiie division line the Province of Ciiimda . I llHil nnd nu tlwt I )..■.. I.. ;,>.. -.i* i ' 1.. l... I I .i'.. ** _..-._l i' lI. ^ ..:^\.l. .a* iI.._ II.. I — '.. t}.... /i Argumeiit "f ''^d, and as the Dominion of Canada had liefoie Its piruhase of the ri>,dits of the HudM)n'M Bay Coia- »'-ip"^'s , it 80 name of Canada." |iiM' < 'iiiimla, OH nil rio him tlie naiiio (tvinw! of Caiiaila hI-oii'h Bay Coiu- ru 'I'erritory," m Cainvla hare|)ar(;d the niiviii corrncti I iiuirkcd the lino rtMiiisoaiiiinff and it line, I Muppoau )niini()n, hax also 10 Ohio and the in tiii> map wcst- iiiitil the right 20 ast of which the luiniuii migiit ho the most north- s \t'ry nearly in led as sources of an the meridian on the western t meridian. th of tlio shore .10 he exact extent )f 1774, usually •n\ piirporte.l to liay ( Nimjjany ; nined whatever ave also had a t century. An of Docinnonts ; s one which, in and the next is 40 )ther northerly ) Woods ; most iouth of James' northerly lines Ttain maps as eoyraphers; it nco before the on the suhjoct vards between 5Q 47 that Company and the Dominion of ('iimiiln 1^. ,..;.. n /1 , wlK.vinthe;.|ainHor('HnHdawer .. Zl J V \';"''''"^'"-'''- '^»''^' P«P- wore written thouKl. not now repeatin« thenl all. ' "'^ "'""' "'" "''''"''''''''' '-•"""^"•'•'' i" ^'-^^ imi-« Opinii ns of some learned liiwvKfM I%,.i/!i.,. j„ • • n Comply, the. were e,,ntr.v.r^' ;: 'r':5,i :,«::: :/::3;v^ ^ given on inaccurate and parti^tl r.,,,, mentation. . .1 ^ '"^^''"V*^ *"""'''" ' t''"^« "I'inions were . been obtained since; hut'upon i^.'::Z:w':[ZJuZ 71''"' " '''"''" r "'""" ''^^ other en.inent lawyers, and tl oi.non oF 1 . * , '" "" "'"' '"''' *''" "P'"'"'"* "f Ju^tice was ,;.r I and .onmmniC l . ^ I'l::^ 'T' l^'"''''"- ''1 ?"""" '' '^ ^''""^ 10 Canada, ami had jfiven „reat att<.ntion to th s '" i V ' ' ""' '""" "' *'"" '^''''"^ •'"''*f'^ '" Governn„>nttowLl,oterthe ,,te "s ,n^ '^ ,"7 '""' *" "^"«''""' ''-V ^l.' < 'nnadian tion, son.e of which we have h.^nattr^oC' Til "'"" '" ^'''''"'" '"""''"' "^' '"f~ .t upon a fuller knowledge of be L N a' I "i T ' ""i "'"'i"" ^''"^ '"' *'""""' ^^ --•"• theretofore «iv..n attention to t e m . ter 1 ^^^ ^^^ ' ^'''^ "' ""^' """■* '"' ^•"""-' ^^'- ^"''l was eonununieated to the (i nn ^t ^l:,':;::^?;:'^ T "" '" 'T'^'""" "^' ''''"' "'""-' very cautiously expres.sed ; it does not L as t „ t . P ':""^'"""^^>; ^-^'' '"' -'--ar and it is evidence surtiefent to dve n line to the IM J L ••"vmce was danninj, ; be did not thi,d< the opinion-his "conHdent b^e "^ L^ ' i ^. ' u' h!'";;?: "" ^ T"^^ f^""'^'^' '"'^ "'""•^^-'' ^'■" .ve.n.rthe.^kyMountains.^,...,-;:-^l--^^^ that there would be a decision of the Priv , 'oun. 1' a d ou lit "",'"' .'I "'''^ '"'"'''"^ refern'd. ^^'^"''' ''""" *" ''^""W why the case was not ah-/ Justice rf,n-ri.on.-h was prob ),!> dchye.l (,y negotiations. was ^v:^drz;^:t^^::ir:^^ ^tf r ^r'"^ "" ^'•"'" '-' ^'- -•> ^'- -"- compromise. ^ ^^ '^^ ^''""«''* ^^ ''"■ '^ ^^'^^^ considered desirable to .settle by 10 Sir Edward ThonUon—Biit it was uot compromised be nogotiatins about , c„„lin„„t of l.rrit™,.. '»'''«><•«>» f""» tl„» t,„K-„„t a groat while t„ rciwc. to'.,,,,,,-. «,. .,..;!:;! !yi I,:,,,',,,';::':: ""' "'""'"' ^^ ''••""'""^ »» "- ^•""■-' ^ "-^ .fmirr AflKNIiU. ,<1 rhilration. Arffmncnt "f till Vttciriwy- ' 'iilariii h«'- fi,ri' tlie Ar- Ipitriiti'm.'.'nd Ati(fiii'«,ls78. ■ state- brnent:!;:::"stz^;^^;;::l;;::^:;:tn^^ -^^ *•- ^-p-^-^ -.— , ^ pos.session of the territory Now i is a ^^1 '"" ' '^ '"'''"">' '"^•' *'^'^" '^'^'^y'' i" the interpretation of t Jm is . " j:, ..^ ^ /nt'""' ' "'"' """' '" "" ^"^*"^^'^ "^ charters,'thafc acts of the partie., under them: If fa t ^^''T^rr'-''' '''"' '''"''''''' '^"'' ^^ '"^^ called for, there bad been an actual .s^ io by . ' H ,s :' i:! r""" "'"'"/'r" "''"'""^ ^^•^•™ which they claiu,e.l, tb.-re eoul.l be I ttle ,uestio > T thei ht f ' ^T^- "' f"' "''"'''" '""'^'-y ^ ..>oiut; and "-i^if^^^r ^of t::!i.n.rri^'xr;;r:a""^ "4 t^ donumon or possession, by the Con.pa„y of the territorv n,X , ^,, " , ' ' "" ""/ «"ch cla.m, after io,o; the princpai ground upon which the op^dcs^.r;:! t ::: u:::;::^ ::::Ti 4.S f ! hi App^'nT accordance with the facts. We have in our book the Company's statement. I refer to page 288 ;— -^ ■ " Under tliis grant the Company have always clainied and exercised dondnion as iibsohite proprietors ■" y^j " °f *''^" ■'*"'' '" '''"' territories understood to be endiraeed by tiie terms of the grant, find wiiieli are more ArMration. particularly ilelined in the accompanying map; and they have also claimed and enjoyed the exclusive Artfumciit of riglit of trading in those territories." The map nd'e'red to claims up to the height of land. No (;".irral'"f' ^ lawyer, upon that .statement, could come to any other conclusion than did the law otiicers. In some of f('r''"tiie' Ar- ^^^'^ earlier as well as the more recent of the legal opiidon.s, express reference wa,s made to the importance AruaMsTs' "^ '^""^^''"ft '"'W niuch of this territory had been in possession of the Ifudson's I'.ay Company, and it was .stated in them that an old charter of this kind, especially an ambiguous one, should not be inter- preted without reference to that fact. 10 No adverst! legal opiinon has been given on the facts that are now before the arbitrators. On the other hand, we have the opiiuon of a very distinguished judge, who was aware of all the material facts in favour of the Com!)any's contention— although not of all the facts in favour of the Province,— and who gave that opinion after having been exclusively occupied several months with the subject. However, the arbitrators are not bound by that opinion. They will give whatever weight they may consider due to it; but they will eonsider for tluiiisLhes whether the opinion was right or wrong. On entering now upon some discussion of the evidence, I subnnt that, inasmuch as the Province of Ontario is now clainung what had always been claimed before by the Province of Canada, and by the Dominitm of Canada likewise, I am entitled to ask the arbitrators to tak" that claim to be prima facie correct anil well founded. The Dondnion is one of the two parties to this controversy, and we 2() put in evidence the ofKeial statements of the representatives of the Donnidon repeatedly made ; we show what position they took in regard to this question, wdiat ass.'rtions they made, and what they claimed, up to the very last moment before becoming purchasers of the Hud.son's Jiay Company's rights. I do not say this is conclusive, that it estops the Dominion from saying that their contention had been wrong, false or n)istaken, but I do say that their deinan!"«^-« '^""tained contained none. The only "'etel t I s ar""'% T" ^'^T'''^ "'• "-' ^'--nce of Canada Kelsons as strong and indliErL nlihr T'" ^ *''" ^"'''' " ""•■'^''--••' ' "> this statute, the other language of the sta t ,v th " """ ■ "' " "'""' ^'"^'°'''>' ^""'"''^'J- '^'•« "«br.led by Look firit at tho f .' ^'■■•"""•''"= e.rcun.tances ; and by s„bse,uent traiKsactions"^ AiooK nrst at the statute itse f Ti- x.iii i>„ «• i ^ „ „ enactn.entisasfollows:-..Thata th. teTt. T^"' ^T *^ "'^ *'"" ^'"''^ ''*" I^— "ts. The 20 to the Crown of Great P.ritai In n , '-"''' ''""' countries in North America, belonging it strike the Rive. ^i^2^:i:::;^:iz^ r :'■' ""'' *'"■" '■'• ^'^'^' -^ ^•^'^'^'-«'" ^'*''' - - '^'^ and northward to the southe bo IrTof ,1 Vn^ ""'?'■"'' " ^''^ ''""'^' "^ ^'"^ "'-'-'PP'. England tra.ling to Ifudson's Pav a )„ n "^ ^'""^''^ ^" ' " Merchants Adventurers of Hincethe 10th .lav of Fel u^rv T.-r " ""'' 'r"'""^'^' '■^'^"''■^ '^"'' ^-'"^'■'"■^' -^'-'' l-ve. they are hereby, during flMiiev:\;::;.:"''" '"'' l' ''"^ J'"^'^"—^ '' Newfoundlan.l-be, and of Quebec as created ami estaS b 1 sa d' r""T P ' T" "• "'" '"" '""' •""■'^^•' "^ ^^-" ^''--- .... ^. ^ , ^'"'"'^ ^J *•'« «^"' Royvl Proclamation of the 7th day of October, 1703" Now, m the hrst place, the word "norH.u-nr I" i 1 ., '. '"j.j. tions in the ordinary deeds and d . un f ?,^ 1'"'^ "'* necess, rily mean duo north. In descrip- constantly used as nLn i! any m.^ t :^^^ wh.e we are familiar, the word ■'m.rthward" is 30 the north-east. Then in another ar^'thl^^^"^ '"" """''' "'" '""^"''^ *''^^ "--'''--t or whieh I say this word ''nor 1 wL the 'le.scnption a correspon.ling word is used in the sense in River Ohi'itgoestth 'Zi th "'v- '^ "-'UW after the de.ription brings the line to tl.: word "westward" is used not i rthe „ '" '''^ ^' "''' '"^"'" "^ ^'"' ^li-i-M'Pi" Here the lliver Ohio. Further, w. h" : r.I ■ ! i • •" H '"' "' ' "'" "^""^^ '"" ''"' ^'""-'''^ "^ *»^« a word CO. responding to " north: n":::^^^:;;:^^;-'—'''" " '"'-fly west.'' We have thus direction ; and we have the words ' due Te t ''^and '^ , 1 .."^ i f. "', ' "''"''' '"" "' '' '''''''''^y in a, straight Pne. These consideratios ! •'"''t I'"'' when Parbanient meant due west and ward, must necessarily ..;::': :z',:7 :!::;: xz T ":'•'""? ^r" ^^^'"^ ""^^'^- Nortl, An.erica Iwdoiiin-. to the Crown of C n , 1 ' ^''''^''''"'- '^''^•"'•■' '""1 countries in 40 of Quebec, a.e bound.:i m, tl, "out bv . i" T T'^'^ """ "■^^'"'"' '" ''^' ''' ^'^ ^''-i"- .ul,i«., of F,Le wl It 1 1 , "; ;, , ' "'"I' "7° ""'"■"' ''"'"""■'' ""'1 «lll''-"f. of lh« .loiNT AprE.vDrx. 8«c.7l. 7'A,' ^ rbitnition. ArRunicnt of theAttnmny- Ueiifrnl of Ontario he- forn tho Ar- l>itrator», 2nd August, 187a i j i' 30 ''™" rati!'>'ns'i'7fr'-"'' ""m''" ^l'- '^'"'"'" *'"^ '^'•'•'t'-'^t"'''' ^^ill «'•« the rnnnlKM- of f,),ts which, with the nop,,- «- '•• V rt at rii. ""f '''"'"" ;"":'• ^-"''' '- "-^'"'••■'i- It i. thus an hLstorical fact, utterly k-von,! c.mL- A.^:.,„. line an' ,: ^siti;;';;': .. ::'?'"v^' ""r^-T "^ '-^ ?''" ■"'' '^'^^'^^'•"•' ^'""'' ^''^^^ '"'^^^--^ ^'-^ ..,^.. statute to p.n.;r s :;:.:'' x'',:;:: :"' ^"f'^'"'"^: "^ ?!""'' '^ ^'^ '"^^"''"'' "^ "^•^ tlmAttorm.j- it ,,„„^ „, ' ,. ., n'^^ ^ mm nt. A.MMm, tiiat the wonl ••nonhwar.l" is ai.il.i.'unus, as certaiiilv olii:;;?:!;;:. int t .mllsTT?^ 1'""" ; '""■"'• ^'" '■•^'""^^ '^" ''•^"^^ by showl,,. from the' statute what tlu, fct-X, '"" "•"■ ""' ''^ •^'"^^'"o ^^^-^^ t'-^ -t-tion wouhi not ho cavrie.i ont bv a clue north line. ^""'•^"'' colonic:"!;:.:;,; '"' r ;,"" 'T\ "■ ''^" ^^'^*"*" ^ '^ ^ •""• '-^ ^"-^ ^'•"•" '-^"T tl.at there wore Ta t ext ., I a '"" ;'»";'"^-"'--'- -"' tl'at the British possessions at the tin.eof the passin, of, IQ Lre were ^here! "' northward ■ was intended to include whatever British possessions and ti/e'U'l' a!ri^,lt f "f 1i ''"''"'"' "" '"'"'""'"■ "'"''*■ '" "'•^'«'- *" ""''-«*-'' t*'" '^"' J"* '-tter are n co3 I^' : .: ""' "r"""M' "" "' '"^ "'' '^" ^''■"^" '^'''•'''^' -"' "'■^'-•-'^' ^-^s which stanrS/l d t^r aT;, ^'n',r"" "" ^'^'"*"^' •''•• '''■ -'•> '^ '-^ I"—"' "'■■^^' the circun,. looLfat tt^^^^^^^^^ ""'^ '""-'"-'.-"1 the proceedings of I'arlian.ont then.,., can be are looked t ^. " T"" -ntroversy, as the discussions on the negotiations for a treaty inJ:^i;;i:;::r::;Zed:^;:r;;:' "^^ 1 1 ^'-^--''77 ■-'; ^-"^ p— ' shows that, as a matter of fact the inf T i r*7 I^-cnn,ents; and the debate on the Bill 20 to be that the M i 'si, , i 1 . .^ '""''"'■' ^""^ ""''^"•■■'tood on both sides of the House originatedin her 1 rB 11 ''^ *'"' ^^^'•^^"•" •-""'-•^■- ''''^^ ^^'^ bei;,g the western bo nd Tl PM ','" 1T ^'■"" "'"' """"' ""-^ '■'^""- '^^ '" ^'-' Mississippi fonnlngapar t t S:^^ ^''■"^''"^" ^^ "'^" ^'»' territories, etc , heretofore River Oluo we utd ; l i '^J'T '^ ';;'^'."*'' ^""•••''•"' ''^•^^-^'-^' -"--' to the bank., of the territory granted to L ' H , ', 1 p ^-'-TP.. nnd northward to the southern . onndarv of the qnesti...^;uuldit 1 ar. : T :^ ^^'T '"'^ ^"'^'^ ^'"^^ ''^^'^"l'^-" ^'^ P-ent .'f the Ohio and th 1 Mi^N ' i : .n ^ •,;'" "m"""' "'' ^'r? *" ^ '"'« ""■■^'' "^ ^-" ^'- -^'-nce Britain was to be left w ho any linn I T'"' "'"' "'^' ^•-■•■"''"■•^' ''""•^^ ''"'""■^'■"^ '" ^^'-t government. ^ government or without any provision n.ade by the statute for its 30 bankIt?rM£i;;;r^;:;;;;.:^:;';i:::';:- , W..y wa.it altered. W.. it m order that the that boundary. It a pea- im . . ^ Uon n^^ M TI'T': ''' "" """^"^ ' "" '^ - -''^i-ted to opposed to the Bill. elicnrre.M S^^^^^^ -'to debate that all parties, those i„ tavournland those River to its source (that bein. as In rin th T , "''T'"f ''^ ''""^' P'-«I-'y ^he Missis.sippi and England), and that the o:iyj..rtt;c,:^ "— ' ^1:^ possessions of Fraice time agent for the Province of N%m Wk- se U. T f 'T" "' "'' ''•"'-'—''•' «- ^t that the Province of New York. He tho,, 1 t th Pr ! "'%'":'" 7 ^'"'''" ""-' ^'■"^'•"'=" "^ •^""'^^ ""d ^ ..tie it. boundaries, and he the;:;^^:!;;^::^ .^^i I:! rs:^;":" "■ ''' 'T' ''- '-^ by hun.or by anybo.Iy else.that the territory of the ['roJ co O 'l T '"■"'"""' ""^ ""^-'^ •*<> the west. We have .Mr. Burkes letter « ritt'en after I AM ^ '""'^ *'" '"••" "''^''"''''' t"^'-"'y tlio s, as ctTtaiiily iito what tlio li line. fit tlierc wore il' all r knew If pa-ssiii:,' of, 10 )i'(l stiflicient h possessions ilijcct matter facts which tiio circiim- ri'oii, con bo for a treaty 'he proceed- on the Bill 20 f the House The Bill Mi-isissippi , heretofore anko of the darv of the he present coiilluence ig to ihaat iute for its 30 •• that the >hjt.'Cte(i to and those Hississippi of I''raiice a-s at that iieliec and n was I. 'ft was niniJe 40 e tov.'firds n account what was lehec and d he tells ■if, and is ' "might led " the Imf'the ht make ^q d tiiiiu a 51 wasnot(asitmightl,eb.tw3e,.two. i i ,• '" " """^'' "'" -'^'"">'^"^- '^'-vt " this tion,orofecono,ni^.aldistrih.tic, ^liev li 1^" lived under the sa.ae law and L,...n^^^.^^'^^^^r T .''" "" "'''^ "'" ^''^ '"^ ^^'^ ^'^ "the.- JiHcrinunatin. diHe.-ent p.inc Z o f .H ll^ Pnv. .ges ot hn^iislnaen. But this was a honn.ia.y under law. an^l in the oti.er ull!!:.; pn!;:!:!;;?' "'' '^•^'"''^""" ' ''''"'■'' '" -^' I-'^^ "- -^'J-^. lived ''the i':;iu:S;;:^,;;;:n:t:;i:: itr:^"^ r ^r' ^" "^ ^^- ^«— ^^ -"" -'^^ ^"^t England and F.L had ev i" 'o C . .'r ""' ^''" '^ ''VT ''"'"' '"'' ''''''' ^'^^ «'-^- ^^^an "Thefirsffr ,• . ,'^''"""^'"'^'''^- "•-' ^•^'^'^"'^wered by Lord North as follows :- .ivento^etJvirt y ,r :r':^:r"'f^ ^^'tr '^ "'^^^-^ ^-^ exvutoftemtory countries which were not in^hM>H!t;i^r^^^^^^ T ere are added undoubtedly to it t^:^ the Labrador coast the other tl o L ^ '-unida as s.ttled n. the Proclamation of 1763-ono scattered posts to the ts?Si;U.;:;;;i:;:;r^ f r^^ ''':''^^ -^ ^^'-^-n-i. and a z inforn.ation received fron. those k- t a 1 n"ed w < T' T^ ''" '"" ""^''-^ '" conse.p.ence of it absolutely necessary for the presl I" ,• ,! ■ """ [' T\ "? "^'""^ "^"" '^"^' ^•°'^^*' ^^'^ ''-"> 20 considered as part of [he (lovernen o Newf . , J'?' f ''"' '"''■'^'''"' '^^^^^ '^^'^'^"''' "» 1«"^'- ^-^ to the other addn.ions, the.s.3 o e t " s I;^: T ^ ' r'- "'"'""' '" '^'••^ ""'"'^■^•- ^^'"' '-P-t habit of goin.. to the interii n r ' f"'^ "^^"'•- I^ >s well known that settlers are in the pariian.,:;to^onsi]!;:j ri t«t;h::ei:.m'''" ^"^'' '^'''''- ""''^^'-^•^' ^^ -^ «p- '^ trary,separateanddistinct.ovem e ts or.^^^^^^^^^ '" '''" -""t^^' -■ o" the con-- The House of L,.r,ls have tl^,... i ' i- < Z ""''^"'"'^ ^""'^ "''""''' '"' '^""^'-^'''' t« ^^ana-la. xnust be son.e .overnn.ent a^^ 1 't rr- ^ ohIh T t^ \"t T' ^" '^'^"^'"'^^ ^"^^ ^•^- tries that there should be son.e ,, , '' ' '"^ '^'^''^ °' ' 'l.tl''>^^> who trade from Canada to these eoun- inconvenienceof .eparatet"'!.: s^t^C^^^^^ '' ''"^' '*' ''^° ^"""^'-'- -" -%"' the posts, though few \n P-.j^Ua I "tu in JI' '"'t' f "' -f '"' '"^""'^'"''""^ -*'""' '« to annex those 30governnKMUatall,,.rn.lletle seC^^ ^''^ *" '-- ^•--' without of the Canadians, an.l of those wU ^1^? . /. ' T"T"": ^'^'^'"^ '^ '''« '"^'^"''^ «^" ^^^ ^^-'^iro as long as they ren.ain separ.Ua' settlements, who think they cannot trade with safety thei:^:ri:::XTi:;;^::-;:7;^f^^^ are n.istaken if they suppose U,at ment en.braeed by it. L a ^h^^^^ a „! !ri'' "f ; ' «"*^'--'"^- ^ '^— "f - English settle- but as far as I have read th^al it™ "^^^^^^^^^ t cuuneneenrent of English settlements; there have been, for nearlv a c n . V^ s sll m" ? r^'' ""''" ' '^'"" ""' ^''^ '^^'-^ *'- ^ha the .southern parts of it and in tl Is^t' w T 't I" ^T.'^ '""^'^ "'" "" ^''''^ ^^^'-•^- ^^'-^^'y in regard to thai part there have 1 t^^ :j't:,:t of I "" " ""l "" ^'"' '^"'' '''^^''^^'P'' ^'"^ ^'^'^ 40 are inhabited bv any but Indians takr^^^^^^ if T ^"'^'""'"ts established. As far as they the objection certai,dy:vU;:^;;:;,]Jt:" -'^^'-"-^^^ ^o have been altogether French; so tlj Engl!!;o:Clu::ti;i: -aWd^^ ' ""- '''-'' °^ '''- — ^--^ *'>- r-e^ona (the pHne?X';;:t;:;;t;:r;:;;::^^^^^ tv^^^^ /^^" - - ^o brought m on the H.W iftportanee ..h. .,^..1, 1^^^^^^^^ --'l'-- ..> ,„,. »,„,-„,,.„..■ ■ •.„. • • ^ '"' ""'''" '"'•'' -^'"'wed me the amendment. whi..i. ),„ .„. ,„,.„,,.. ,. li^v i ■loi.NT APPKNUIX. Sic. H. ■iiZilrtiti^in, Ai'triiiiit'iitc f till" Attoriu'j- • iiiicr.il (if Oiilaiii. li.i. finvtli.' .\r- liitiiit.ii!.,2ii'l Augiist. 1S7R < 52 aI^kZx. •I"«''J'"" ^vl.etl..Ty'"" '''"^" rt'ccix-.,. ft more a.lvaiitaj,'e()us govemiiieiit upon the siJe of Connecticut, or wlicther n, ' >'"'* '^'•'^ rfstraincl upon tlie .si,i(> „f N,,w Jorsov. In all tli.-.so you will fin.) En-li.si. laws, Ens,'ii.sh Arbitrat,„n. custon.s, Enyh.sh juries, mul linglish assemblies wherever you go. But this i/a line wliicli is to lKum';;'.. ■'"^^'■"""'^ "^ '"■■"' '''■""' t'"^' »i«l'ts of an En-li.shn.an. Fiist. the clau.se provides notliinf? at all for the (H.,K.,H'l"»f'^' tL'rritorial juriNilictinn uf the I'rovince. Tiio (.'rown has the power of carrying the greatest portion of f'::':ii!:X- ^:''' ^^^^^^^^ ..... The uiu tum.. 'St ws' ^'T """"" '"^" '''''"-''■^- '^^*^'*'^ "■"" tJi" rea.son.s that compel u.e not to acquiesce by any rueann either m the proposition originally in the Bill, or in the amendment." Lord Cavendish tostiKes in so mnny wonls that ' the difference was whether the tract of country 10 not nihabited should belong to New York or QnelK,'c." The change made was by .substituting a long clause l. ; because the Crown had the right to place the te.Titor>- in the Pro- vmce though It could be made to appear that the territory m some sense belonged to the Hudson's Hudson s Bay Territory into the Province, the Crown l„.l a right to .io so. The nr^Mcnfe i- nofc a -uea^ ,o Sion 01 jiioperty, but oi govern ment. - ; ov 4li <* 53 Cliici Junlic llm-r'mm — That of course brings U() the old (jnostioii an to wliat rii,'lit the Hudson's Joint Ua.v Coiiipaiiy did ac(|uiru. Aiplnimx. Tlui Atturney-Gencml—l moan that the Hudson's Bay Company nii^'ht have the fee, Just as a j.,^/ private individual iiiiijlit have tluj fee in any portion of the territory of the Froviiici' ; the Crown ^irMnUum. would not be interffiiug witli their property by placing it under a certain govcrnnnMit. That is all Arsfuiiifut of I am concerned about iiuw. What 1 want to know is, how lar (;iir I'i'ovince extends, and what teiri- Vi'Iim.mi'V.r''' torits are includciJ under the government of the Province ; the ownership of the soil may be a distinct *f,',",':''t'i','^'^';. question. l>itrutassing of the Act, was to Sir Frederick Haldimand, and it defined the Province in the same way as the commission to Sir Guy Carleton luul done. 20 I have said that the Crown had a right to include additional territory beyond that given by statute if the Crown thought proi)er. An illustration of tliis prerogative is alf'orded by this Act of 1774, which provides for additions to the Province of Quebec as theretofore given by the Proclama- ti(m. The Act provides that these additions, which Parliament itself was making, were to continue during His I^lajesty's ]ileasure only ; although Parliament was making an .addition, the prerogative in regard to even that territory was not interfered with ; and « fortiori the ])r.'r()gativo right of giv- ing still further territory to the Province was not intendc(l to have been interfered with by tlic Act. As the statute provided that the additions thereby specified were to be during His Majesty's pleasure, if His Majesty's pleasure should interfere with that provision being carried out, it woulil so far be in effect a re])eal of the Act, and would be a stronger exercise of the royal prerogative tlian a further 30 addition to the territory pi'ovided by the statute would be. The Constitutional Act of 1701 imi)lies the same right of the Crown to exercise the royal prerog- ative in the arrangtnnent of territorial limits. That Act was passed in contemplation of the division of the Provmce of Canada into the two Provinces of Upper and Lower Canada, and it made provision for the government of each of tiiose Provinces. But the Act did not itself make the division ; it pro- vided that when the division was made, the government sliould be a.s the Act describes. Tins is the enactment : " His Majesty has been pleased to slgniiy, by his message toboLh Hou.ses of Parliament, his royal intention to divide the Province of Quebec into two separate Provinces," etc. It was to Ihj done, if done at all, by the royal jirerogative. His Majesty might divide the Province into two in any way he cho.so ; and all that Parliament did by the Act of 1701 wns to provide that, in case of such a division 40 by the Crown, each of the two sections should be subject to the government which the statute provided for i(. ' Another illustration of such an exercise of the prerogative is in the proclamation of 1703, whereby the Crown created four new Provinces , Piince Edward Island, or St. John's Island, as it was sinnotimes called in those days, with tlie lesser islamls, were added to Nova Scotia by the same prerogative. Mr. Burke's letter to his constituents (printed in the Book of Documents) contains a reference to this nuitter — the j)aragraj):i is towaids the foot of pnge 3S'). He says: "My next object of incpnry, therefore, was upon what principles the Doard of Tratlo would, in the future discussions which mu.'^t inevitably and speedily arise, di'tcrmine what bjjonged to you and what to Cana:'i"«l'l" ■'■ the neutral an.l eon.,uen.a islan.ls. These, after <;..m.r»l ,.f J"e Feaee ot laris, wore placet unler one -e.vorum.-nt. Sinci th.n they were totally separated, an.l fJcXAr- '''"' '":'""^^ govern.nonts and assemblies. Although I ha.l tho gr,nt,e.t re;won to ,,;.ostion the sound- AuK.f:ris7a "''■'' , '""'V' *'*''" ■"•""•'l''^"'- "' ''■ ^-fc i" the ext.-nt ,n which they v.ere lai.l down, a-wl whether tho precedents allege,! ,1„1 fully justify thou» in that hititu^ie, I c.rt.unlv has .h.uld be a line therein particularly .lescribed, from the north-west angle of Nova Sootia, tJ.rough Laics Ontario, Krh. 20 Huron .Sui-erior, Long Like, etc., to the Lake of the W.ods, " tliouco thro^-h the si^! l,.vke (..f the Woo Is) t.3 the most north-western ^nat thereof, and from thence on a du,i xvcst course to the River Missi.ss.pp., etc. The effect of thi.9 was to transfer a further portion .,f what was for.. . .Iv T umda from Great Britain to the United ^States. It is in this Tre.tU that wo iiavo the first .lescr:ptiou relerring to the Like of the Woods, i^ is material to .>bserve V.'. language ..f the Commission.- i,o ti-e Governors-aeneral afler this Treaty. The .,.oM.,ni^./ ., ,., Sir G.v Carleton th.ve years afterwards, in r'vin,- .he boundaries of the Province, followed thu. .i.-scri,uaorrof the Treaty, and assigned as the southerly boundary ot the Province a lino " to the s.u.I Lak : of the Vf.:,.U, thence thro.uh the .sai.l lake t,> the mo.st north-western p.,int thereof, and fro.. ^V-ie. .„ a ,]„,. ,^,,t course to tho River Mi.ss,ss.. . ,. and northwan! to tho .southern bo.ir.dary of >.).■ t.rnU>iv' granted to the" Hud.s.m's B.iv :5() Company Ih.s was the lirst eoi.o.ission issued alter ,U. Treaty. ,v, 1 will be found at page 4!) of the Boole o DocunK.nts It i.s to be observe.! that a .iuo wesl, line pr.,duce.! from the m.ist north-western pointofthe,.,'.eo the Woods woul.l not strike what i, n..w known as the Mississippi ; an.! as w« hnu that to Le :,o, what ,s to be .lone ? Various views have been suggested. One is that the line should go on until U rea<;hes th.- first t.ibuta.y of tlv Mississippi. Chief-Jmlice .f/.i.nW.-What was tho AlisMssippi as then nn.lerstoo.l ? That is .he first in.p.iry. The Attornej.Gcneral--y have ha.l that marked o:i the map. Mr. Daw.son, the member for In of Mf-l •'"."" '' f'^" ' '' "''■" •""' "•' ^'" '"''''' ' '•^•'.>- °" '•'« ^^^^ of Mr. Daw.son, and ot Mr. Mills in his book at page '7. without ivpeating them, • Chief.Jmtice Harrison— Thay both treat it with great ability. ne Atfomcj.Genend-The matter is als., .li.scnsscl very ably in a paper bv th,. Hon Mr Cauchon C,m.n„ssioner ., Crown Lan.ls, which has b... prill a'page 2- :) .f th B k^ .!^^ men ts. If the Arb,trat.,rs fail to be .satished with the reasoning of all th,.se ..M.tl,.,nen wher is 1 1 u.e to go t..om that point ? What alternative is there ? Wheirthe ,ii.ti,.ulty"on tl s i. i .^ r between Lugland and the U.dte.l States they agivd that the line sh.,ul.! be drawn .Ine L I Tr' ,t of tlio Book ot Documents. I shall advert to this point again. * " i have referre.l to tho Constitutional Act of J7i)l ami hn«„ ..„o i m •, i • , effect, that His Majestv had f.eo., ..leased to . "L Ij int V f T\ 1 "T''^ '" "'"* -^'^^ ^"^ "'« .! ,..c_su! t.i „ign!ty fii, intention to divide the Province ot Quebec. A 60 55 paper w^,,,re«ene.lo arl.a.nent before the p^sninR of the Act. whi.h descrihcl the lino proposed to a, i^ ;. I ; '" ' T 'r '"T ^^"''" P- *"•' ^' ''"°"' '^' ""« °*' '»^''*'°" i"t« Uke Temis. .ncln.l.n« all the tern ory to the west .ard and .southwanLof tl,. said line, to the ntn.o.st extent of tlui country connnonly called or known l.y the name of Canada." That was the description of Upper Unada as ^.ven .n this paper, laid Ldore Parlian.ent when provdin-. lor the Kov,.,„,ne„t of each of that wo sections, and at ter wards lldupted l.y an Order in Council passed for the pnrp .se of -nvinK crt-ec to the Ac . In An^Mist, 17!)l, the Order in Cuneil was passed, and it recited a>non!c other thin.: Im t us paper had heen presented to Parlian.ent previous to the passio,- of the Act. It 'was therefore 10 ^ th the knowledj^'o and concurrence of Parlian.ent that the (Town adopted the line of division which 1 have spoken ot, and j^ave to Upper Canada all of old Canada which was to the westward and .south- ward o the hno or lu.es n.entioned in the Order. On l.Hth Noven.her of the .sa.ne year. General Alured Clarke Lieutenant-dovernor and Con,n.an.ler-in ( '' !,.f of the Province of t^nehe,-, issued a Pr<.- Han.Uion ,n H,s Majesty's nan.e; in pursuance of hi.s instructions, declaring when the division .should take elicct, he Act havn,g provided that the divisien .should take effect, upon a Royal Proclamation ^ mg >.ssued, setrng forth a day for that purp„.se. J)ecend.er -iOth, 1701, wa.s the .fate ,>an,cd in the Proclan.ation. The description of the Province is given in the recital : " Whereas we have thought f.t, l.y and with the advice of onr Privy Council, by our Order in Council dated m the n.onth oi August lust, to order that onr Province of Quebec should be divided into two .lis- 20 t net rovnces. to bo (.died the Province of Upper . anada and the I'rovince of Lower Canada by sep.ra- atn,gthe.sa.dtwo Provinces accor.ling to the following line of division, viz.:-' To connaence at a .'tone boundary on he north bank of the Lake St. Francis, at the Cove west of Pointe au Bodet. in the limit between the lowiish.pot Lancaster and the Seigneurie of New Longueuil. running along the .said iinnt .n ho .hrectu.n ot north thirty-fonr degrees west to the westernmost angle of the .said Sei.meurie of New Longueud ; thence along the north-western boundary of the Seigneurie of Vandreuil. ninning north twenty-hvo degrees east till it strikes the Ottawas River, to ascend the said river into the Lake lenuscanung. and Iron, the head of the said lake by a li..e .l.-awn due no, th u..til it strikes the bound- ary line of Hudson's Ray, inelu.ling all the te.-ritory to the westward and southward ..f the .said line to the utmost extent of the country commonly called or known by the name of Canada.'" What -territory westward and southwanl " ,.f the described lines was " c.n.monn- called or 30 known by the na.ne of Canada?" I have collected in the Hook of Documents a vast amount of evidence on that point, which I will not trouble the Arbitrators with at present. There is no doubt that ( anada included the whole of the territory now claimed l.v Ontario. If I find that n.v frien.ls dispute that the name had this extensive signification, 1 .shall giVe refc'ences to all sorts of documents which shew that Canada was as extensive as I state it to have been. Sir Edw,ml nornton-Xvo you able to shew any ae^s of juris.liction exercised by Canada in the disputed territory ? n. ^//on..y-(.V»«m/-Yes, I .shall come to that point directly, and shall shew continued and repeated acts of jurisdiction by the Province in the territory west of the line that the Dominion now contends for. 40 Before the P.o.dan.ation of Ceneral Clarke, the com,nissi,.„ to L..rd D..rchester, who was to bo Governor.(.encral, had been i.ssue.l. It bears date 12th September, 17!.l, and reeite.l the commission of April 22n.l, 17S(,, to the same Covernor-Ueneral (as Sir (Juy Carleton), and the Order in Council of August I7!)l, .I.vnliug -the said Province of tjuebec' into two separate Province.s, by a lino therein .specified: •• the Province of Upper Canada to c.mprel.eud all such lands, ten-itories and islands Ivi.,.. to the westward of the said line uf division as were part ..f our said Province of Quobee." This forn? of expression shews that Quebec was supposed a..d intended to inclu.Ie all the territory belon-iu-r to hngland, and formerly known as Cana.la, for it is impossible to suppose that^here was an inte^ion so soon to give to the P.-ov.nre narrowei- b .unds than w,..v i.idicated by the ptp -r pies^mted to Pa.li:Mu,.ut a.iopt...i alterwards by the King in Council, and then were defined by the Proclan.ation of (Jovernor W Uarko. homo chanyo was rciuirod by strict accuracy of oxpies^iou. By tho Treaty uf i7G3 l-Vauc. Joint Appendix, Sec. il. The Arhitnition, Ar.fuiiii'nt of till' .Vttiiriify (imiiTul uf < li.tiLrio lifl- fnr.' the Ar- liitrnti'rH, 2ii(l August, 1878. Sec. T Arbitratii had cedod to England " Canada and all its depen loncios," but with a limitation : the wafctrshod of the _- Mississippi and Missouri had been the boundary li|o betwoiMi Canaila and liouisiana, and by theeii ceded by lii;,'laiid to the United St ite'.'. A description, tliere- tKu"rn','^ '*"^" '" '^"'^ "^ ^''^' P'"^'"ccof Quebec, o-(.f Upper €ana.la, which would purport to give to the Province Cifiiernl (if ' all " the Country counnoidy called or known by th'i name of Canivila " would not have been correct ; and fore'tho Ar- ** ''"''"> o*" cxprcHsion was substituted which wr i free from this objection. There is not the slightest AuXustk! '■^"''"" ^^^ thinkini,' that there was any intention by the subnetpient commissions— in referring to the old Province of Qu ■beer— to limit the territory which was provided for by the paper to which I have referred, by the Order in Council and by the comiu .ssion first i.ssued. Quebec was evidently under- 10 stood on all hands as embracing so much of Canada as still belonged to Great Britain. The subsequent commissions to the Oovernors-Oeneral of Canada, up to ami including that of Lord Oosford in in:!."), and the Imperial conindssion to Mr. Caldwell as Receiver-General of Lower CanaS a.ssigned the same boundaries. In .seven commi.ssifms, from that issued to the Earl of Durham, March JlOth, 1«3.S, to that to Lord Elgin, October 1st, 1840, and also in the two commissions to Sir John Coll)orne and the Right Hon. Charles 20 Poulett Thomson, as (.'aptains-(iieneral and Governors-in-Chief of Uj)per Canada, dated respectively December UUh, 1 888, and Spteid.er (Jth, 18.30, the lino of division between Upper anro- Province lect ; and alijjlitent \(f to the ;h I have y uiuler- 10 tliat of f Lower in oiilur * Canada cription. ii'iiission uidiirii's. rd KIgiii, Charli-H 20 loctively 'anada i.s >ai(1 lake ".sliore." words [udson's ary-line vo been in such 30 1 du not no ami iliing of :or(!i,sod ho first ry West to that into a ,• as far {0 I of the y; this it now. ed the lorthen IS hcen jection I'd lino y than nitory 50 xteud- t ot inp to Pij^..un llivor. The dates and other ,urlic,.;v., all th.se •^rml. are dvc, in tl... Hook ..f led til!!'l^d3!^M!r''"""'"' f ""^ "?' "'" ""' '•'■"-y-I"""l-l i" tin,e of great distress.and which Jed the Hudson s Bay eompany to eon.plaiu of intrusion on their territori.s. thn tT"' ;!/'™.'/;,^7'''''/ -^'"l. "" '-'^^I'^tlf "f the Dondnlon, its Ministers. Sir fieor^.. K. (•..rli.T and he I loo. Wdluun IcDou^nll. al.ly replied to the e-.n,plaint. and showed that there wa., no ground It. 1 ho correspond.na. wdl bo found at page 323 of the Book of Docun.ents. ^°tho HudtnTH.tr'' '" ''"""""' "T'"'" """"^""'■^' '' " unnecessary to consider the argun.ent as to the Iludsons Bay ,on.pa,.y own.ng thus territory; b,.causo the extension of the southerly boundary to we t"r ' It ;• r'''"'"''' T'l"" ^'"'"'""'^'^ '""'"'^' "'• ""^ '"-•'■'^^ ^he territory'to which 'the wsr,e.ner.s.on of the southerly boundary would bring ns, and th.- Crown had p.n-er to include wah n the l.nnts oi the Province part of the territory of the Cou.pany. as well as tlit of any priva e , rJ :: , ' "■: "" '?" r"] ^^'"- '^'^ ^''^ ''-' ^'-^ ^'^ --*-- ^-^^ory had been discover.^, exi h red, t.aded w.th. occupied and t.k.n possession of by th. French before the troaty of ce.ssion- wh ch soe,„s now to be adu.tted on all hands-shows that the Con.pany had no right to this ter tory and adds strength to Ontario's clain.. even in respect to the western boundary. ' 20 ban Curt n IM.s, ,„ the cas.s ol Do il-inhard and McLellan, which have been eit.d in favour of the no drawn due north , on. the confluence of the Ohio and the Mississippi, and stated in the eviln m hose cases to be SS .-,0 or ,S. .H'. la each of those eases the .,nostion was whether the locality in wh ch the uurder was connu.tted w..s in Upper Cana-Ia or not. The Court was a-tin. under a special statute and eonnn.ss.on which conlinci its authority to otfences connuitted outsi.lo of I J^per Canada ; the cou.t had therefore no p.nsd.ct.on. The court naturally horned against what seelned a technical objection. Ihe u.vest.gafons and d,s,-uss.ons ot the last twenty-live years have thrown an in.u„.nse anv.unt of fresh l.gh on the question a good deal of the evidence on which I ask the Arbitrators to con.e to a dirterent .0 wo.' "• r.tl'" "l ■ r ^ ";"';,";;i''" "'"'" ^'""""' "''" '"'•"•^^^-"^ -'^»' ^'- — i^I- that the 30wo.d northward. ,n the Act ot 774. necossa.ily u.ea,.t due ..orth, and the argu...e..t for another ITT' 7 7,'" f "^,7;':^^'"^^- ^^U^t.... not presented by counsel, whose contention rather conceded hat the. ^ct of 17/4 was against them, and they c.deavoured to show that the Act of 1791 exten.led the boun.lar.es ; the cou,-t ha-l before it the I'roclan.atiou of Oeneral Alu.-e,' (Jla.'ke but not ho paper wh.ch had been snb.nitted to Pa.liau.ent b. 17:M. ..or the se.ies of cou.,..issio„s v-i.ieh had been issued and wh.eh showed conclusively the intention of the Act and of the C.-own; •, .ad the court Its a tent.o., called, either to the historical facts referred to in the recital of the Quob.c :.ct or to he ovidence ol intention afibrded by the .lebate o.i the Act an,l bv M.-. IJurkes letter. The court had nothing l.ke the same materials for coming to a correct conciusim. as the Arbitrators have • and having reterence to the materials b,.fore the Arbitrato.-.s, I submit it is qu.to clear that the conclusion of 40 the court on the point now in question was wron-- Chief Jmtice //avrjsoTi— Still, it was an important decision. Sir Kdwnrd Thornton— It was a unanimous decision. Mr. MacAtahon. -The then Chief Justice sai.l that he had consulted his brother j.idL'es and thev wore unanimously of opinio., that that was the couclushm which ought to be reached." ' Chirf Ju.'ilice Harrison— De Reinhard, although convicted, was never execute. The Attorney-aenf:raL~No. ho was not oxocutod. I have ondeavoure.l to get the despatch which d.recte.1 that he should bo released, b.it it cannot be found. There is no doubt that the Ln was not hanged, and no reason has beet. suggest...l for this except that the British 0.,vArn..w.nf .^n,,.. .....j^^ the advice of the C.own lawyers .n K.igland, thought that the ruling of the court on thJ point in ques- oO tion here was not correct. (Oocts., p. 12tJ.) McLellan was acquitted. " .Pill SI' APPKNII.X. S,.,.. II. The Arlii'riiti',11. .\n;iiiiM']it iif tlif Attrtf-«a« respects the territ,.ry woHt of J.ako of the Woo-k ; ;"'; r, ' ' t "■ ■ " '7'" '•" "'"^^ tl.-wc.stnn\poin. uf the Luke of the Uo...l.s-..tnke. > Or .i . Si? t .ni.si!n"'l"'i '"' M '^" '"';!"'• ''^"' ^"^- "'■ ^i'-^inK tho mnttor i^ that .nuMnuch m the Roval Coi,.- Au,.,M«7«. ;' - •-. «"'! he-words sh..u .1 1..,- eon>t,.,...l as .eferring tu either the then supp,.se.l l^.nlity ..f tho e st.ea . may Ik. called. I here are va, i„us st.ean.n whi.h fail into the Mis.si.s.ppi that a duo w.st 10 n an. ,. ,,„ he ^vords en.ploycd ; an.l n.s what is now called the Mi.si.ssippi would nut Ik touched l,v t,us due west In.e, we n.ust hnd another „:cn,.ing as near to H ,■ !n„.,mge used a. possible. I I,alT^d7„Mrn^'^";"^7""'"'" '•"""''"•^' '"' ' ' ■ '--'"'>' -f"-' ^" incidentally. 7 as tt" tie .?:t'n.'':'' "';' ""•'"^'•^'' -'•-•' '"'-.•>»..« .otheGovcnors p.evi.us o terrto.v .^r " "1 < >" honnda.y, specty iov ,i,at pu.posc the K.ntlurly loundn.y of tho L ula V o tt t^ '^ Bay C^npuny . .,.,, the principal diilleulty he.e is' that the Southerly boundary ot this tenitory wiw never definitely ar,eertaiiied. ahJvde'nul ''r ^^-".>";;"' - t'.'^^l— rtlKrn bcun.laay of tho Province is the hcj-ht of land al cady de euU..l. I sul.,.,.t that U ..s clour that the h, ,,d.t of land is not b.„,ndary and 20 fonTtU ( U;ir.r? n'"T "rr^' ^^ the province by the Royal Connniss.ons, ct^tlnou-d and Sn\r; , 1 ' ,• ^ '"■■* """"■ '^ '"""^''"^'^•''' '^^ ^''« l'-"'t- The .shore of Hudson's Rav t,> Z' tl I o. ini n w 7, TT "" '■. "" ""'■ " '^'^" ""'•^'' "*' ^''" '-'«''^ "^" '-"> t" -'-'' t'.o I7JI an.l ,su h . t he ,m bse,,uent co.nnns.su.ns as ...enfioned the northe, ly boun.Iary .Icc'ared in etiect • to s Itl"! "^ r'"'"?' "'■ "" ^ ^"">'^ '*'^''^->' -^ "•" -"^'' 'f those two po t 1 ely t:CTt^l''"''' ''' ^""'^ "'"^ "-^-"'^ '^y^ -^ the„.ostn.rth.wester'n poi.'.tTll'fe 30 H.U . 1?^* T'? ^° '''''''\^ "'"' ^'"^ ""^"''"" "'■ ''"-' Arbitrators is, thats., southerly a-bonn,larv a^ pnrag.aph on that pa.,e. The Ian-.,'.. ' T t^ T Tn ^.^ "•""'*'""^^' "' l>^^ S''"'. ^''<^ l"«t ;ubjccts of His mo, t Christian MaCtt^ ^1 nc-t^^^^.^^ 1 f t^" "r ""'T'T'"' ''"''"^ '"""*'"' ^''"^ ^''^' "*« which empty into Hu,lson. Ba/^mi; :!;;:; e^'v^'^^^^ "f" " '"' "f ^ '^"' navigaiion of tho sahl rivers shall be left free o t cl of' l . '*'" '"' ""-' '■"''™ Hon-s Bay. an.l to such In.lians as sha \ v. t aHi ^.ch";! .. ''' H , """"h'^ *™''"« !"'" »"^- c;ain. as the boun.lary the h..id,t of land ■ it , „! . ! ''''" ^'"'* P''"''"''^' ''''' ""t iv,rts should bo buiit',^ : if i:^ \l z "t '"V r '":: ^'""'' '- '''-' ""■ ''^^ - ofthe.t.ean.. The proposah.n Ud n-t' t^ir ^ 'e.^' i:;:^::: ^^ T "tI! ''^^ '•^^•'"•" dencothatthelandwa^inthcndndHoftheComn.iLicmer. "^''''' ""' '" ''"'''""'•'• '"^'-•■■^ '« "" ev."- The point, however, which I am makinir ia thnt »i, . m .i .-a m., ,„,,„„,..,. u,.. e,a,„„ T,:rLi':i,:!';:t';:, zt::'': ";" "■' ':: ™' "t"-' *'- -v'dsion of the Troatit«,.i- RvH"ick ;- 1 (•'»--.■ •' • '*■'':'"" '' ont times. U;,, ao the sy's «laim Was ex s any ilirti- tlie VVoiiiIh. Mis>iH.si()|ii ! Or (loi « [)jal Coir.- 'cn to that ily of tho ^Imt iiHinu duo Wcst 10 finil soin(! niched li_v iiliiitally. itvii.tix to ry of tlio Noutlifily t of land laiy, and 20 « is, 'hat ui^'li, and '« Bay to 3 Woods, liicli tliu isHUcd ill in id'ecfc nainuly it of the 30 idary as II of the ilf after I do not charter in their )f tiieir '!! frotn . the InHt liat the 40 ' rivers iiitiro i Hud. id not liat no eedoni lo e?.'- indrcd Up' 50 a.s ex I i »- Aci'KNIilJ. .S.K. rr. r/if A rhil riition, Ar^riiiiu'ni o( till! Att.iniDjr- (•i'iii'r.tl of Ontario be- t Al A ._ 60 i:Ttr:i:t!::;:z::;^^''^:^:r '^i^*^ «i.p^ to ...,...,., B.yan. . ...of „.„ ,.. •^l.-es only, and to tho exZiol . 'i / ' ." 'i '' ^'^ "' V"^ """ " '^''^'"' ^' ^"" -'-^^^r. anA then. p,..s,ses,.ion ..f a I ,-'! . .?-' "' ^'""'.''- '^'"'^ ^"" '^"'••-^y "'" '^^^^-k havin,. i„' .M'.et ,ive„ -iMoUopertUiv... ;, : r;^^^ vvt.fn,.ntl. U.v.r All.n „ on the ..no fiif^tr^ I— 1 aline t.>rnnLZ'^,T^ a "''"'''' that ono also. In I7U-I2, tho Comp.av pro- tho lake; and thou.d. t! . r » , " ' '"'" "'"' ""^ "•''^^'" ' '"'>••"»'' th • south-west shore of Lay. yot "they do 2^^;j:z::::iv'7r- ^-^ "" ^""^"''"^ "*• ^''^' ^'"-'-^ - ^'- ■^'"- "^ tho «i.lo of the Uy. and the r,, Iv I ai , T ' . l- ' ?'• ^ ^''"'""" '" '^ '^ """ "" ""• ''■''^' °'- -"^^' liM.„ei„stan,^u-moretlraW I . .^^^^^^ '"' l-riod wore ab..ut then.... ,in of the bav. • w-stern coast to tin- l^cm^'^r h '^, "r ^"' "^'^f'"-^-^ --^ '<> tl- Atlanti. and .:.. M. to the territory along the a. s^ L X w Ih r' ' h' '"'^ T" ."'''^'"■' ^'^ '^" '"^'^''^ "' '-'•'• -^^ 20 n.ade «.r one hnnd J:, and .ifty ;e::xt! ::;::::'z h^::!:,;!:: '"^' """^^-'^ '-'■ ^- -^ ".ainu:;:;r;:;;;!;:;,:!:i';.:;;;,:;rxt ^^"'' -v"^ '>'>"""i-"^)^>ai.n to ^.e height of ,andi, .^fnn;,dy fl,,u, .1... a,.thnritie.s wa.-r.i„t Mv ham,. V ' T." '"' '■"'"• '^ "^ ''"'"^'^ """•« l-.ko„ the.)re.,.n 'IV rit .r T , 'V f'-"''"lx I'^ve .a their c.tso referred to i).. Twi.ss'8 pul.li.shed .lurin/ti d s s i 1 h "' tT'^ 77','' "'" ''"""" " '^ -"t-wer.ali.st. It wa. English e,.,.,e. I^.ttlTv wwhi h v. . p'"'"'* ''• '^'•-^-" Ter.itory. and p^hlished t„ help the "" ^xtmct which n.y h'^. "l "^U h^, .^^t" V ' '"T'"" '' *"' '"' """'^"' '"'••' ^Pi'-- fro.a in hi. discussion J the Or! i: ^^ -t '^ a ^^i;;;,! ' /T /^": f" '' • ^" = " ''" '"-''"'' ^" '-' 30 ri^ht of of-upanev ur. to the Ri..kv \\Z\ T . '"* "'"'''* ^'■'^'*'" "■'^•'•- '"'"•^i'l"'"..,! her title by discovery. conL ,1 ,:'"/■ T' ,"';"' ,"■"■ """ '•^' ""■"■ ■^"^^'^""""'- ^'"^ "I-" h, r actual recognition of the Kn.lish ,.tt,lo.n..nt ifv 2 fI i ^\ if ' '^ " •' '" "'^' ''^'^'"^ "^ *''^ 0- .. :on that ,he r.de had p^oc led At It Tis " ""'l""f 'f ""^ '"' ^'"^^ »^'-- '^'-i- was of am-Mi„g on behalf of the United SUtes ■ 1 at a r "'"' • ""'' *''" ""''""' l""''"'^ •^''•- ^^"^^ as of the ,i„r e ..ntry as wa.s descil e I hi Th ^ r ', ''""" ""'' ''"'' '" ^""^'^^^ "" ^'''tent ButI...Twi-. u^ks ,at ' ! -V' ^'^^ 40 Hueh a p.incip st-e h! I "''^^ '"'•'■"' ^'■'' '^'^^""^ *" -°'' "^ <" »• 'i'"- i'- that *" - •>•■-- .>-• t aga.n..;^.; ."2.e ^rZui •i:;;!: j^"^ ^'"^ " "^^^^"' ^^^ ^« -^^^ i--- ohichrrilir::;.!:;::":/;;';;;:';;::'? ^r-7-^-^- we..,.nowinterpr,.tingau the ti,..o vv„s ; and we ,t ... . t 1 thu n T , " '''"' ''^ '^ ^"'^ °"' ^''^^ ^'"-" '"'-"-- ''* at the tin,, d . cha-ter wa "'a e I ' l'' « T " "" "' .'""' """^ " '* '^"-^•" '^"•' -'-1 •'« which n.y lea..ned rien s eon i 1 f -y ground whateve. . hohling that .he ndo Again, all inten.atiunal rule.s are founded on rea.son an-l nccessit ■ ;n i to .. just that tho rules are recognised. ,f i„ so...: cZ it Hri;.. • ,' ^'^'^l'':? ^ "Pponed 60-:- -'* U- -a.t -^houldgiv^. title to .11 the land watered •■vth^nve;; backZu'JheHy,,,- l^d 11..= Cm> ol .1. U„«i,..,„ wi;i be fouad « j.. 4 of ti... Apji^. " r__l!f^' .i:.:*.i CO •^'•'^-' luu" Ztlu'f '' " •""?■"''' '""" '""«• ''" ^'- ''""• '"""« • ""'^^- "' ---i^r or r«a-o„. It i. tiu. u.,.,„.y. , , ; ' ; '« i.f.iil,,! .., ,ro,.u.|H „t ,va.s.»M ftu.l jimtice. If «iid. » nil« ix^U m '••"""""" tliin kiii.l. r-^-^-.i/jimiicc ..r ^'no I ^itho id a|H.lyiiij< it t(i a cmi- of hitp.itoh. ifn.l ,, Autnwt, iM^.X, rllltlK'r, IHI.SNI'Hsion UM Wt-ll nu •Vl.innx,n,.t, i- .. I I • I , .ay l..u..ne.I ivL-n-ls en ." T| a s "n t .Hi ,'" "1"/° ^''"; "." '"*'"" ^'^ "^''"^ '"' ^'''^•'' ciM.turv w..... in ,. • .■ *'"■ ^ •■'■"*-■''' ''•"" "'" ''«'Ki"i«ii'i,' «f tl.e s.-venU'iuith S . .'s 1 a ' w"T ." •'" ": ^ "•"'■ '" ^'"'•^""*'' •^*' • '^' ''""'^ ^^•"^^"•'"' ''V "'" riv- (lowin. into 10 lu:^^ CVr^ V'^''' r" """'•"'' "'^'^ "'"'-'"■^ Bay. and to tlK. interior of the t,.: .>o;;:;:i:..:;!;nd^ t,^:i t: 'irr .^''I'Tn' •:• • '""""^'"^ ^J'- ^'f r '- '- ^"^^ south of il,.- r,v..i-. „„ I , V. 1- ;, " " '"'"'- '" l««'«'"^'<>n olf tho t«.rritory to the ^i::hi:S^^^^ of tlX iJt e E. ■,'^'^■7^ '\''"::' .''^'"' J-''^- *" ''l?; ••"' no..,., of ,,oL.ion of anv part by. the l:i:::t^ f nii: :t:; :;ntT^ T"' "'^'^ '^'r' '^" ^■'"'" "^'""- ^"■'-'' ^"«" nwtish.u.joct.i;saidt:i.:ri u.r ;^:T;;::rf^^^^ "''""^"'- i..u..y,the;::;r:^n;:::::'::;;;-r^^ repoa^!..M;:luMt:';r;d ''*■ t-^-'-l""":^' '•"* '^ - ----'-'y '•■..... n^ .. fact, tl.at th.. Kav was Callie'res to the Mh.v.hI. \ k ■ t H ,' "^ '*^ l>oC''i«'onts. the nioinoir of Sinir .lo Montvcl .,,.1 .fUrC,! ,( C 1 li 7'",";'' „";" '"'"■'• "■ ''" ' ""'" »" """'"- "' m .„.. „„„. c„„„.. lie ™j.. r '''"■"'"""' " """ *» """""' »' "''» '•"■ 'I^J- "'« 1"» "ft.- Q™.c.c,*..,,,,,,u,,,,/,,.;;,::r::;;:' ;, ; ;:;^- '-■; -'» Uiuiii,!,,, ,,.„t Sioiii- Cwiljiiv Sc,„>,,.l,„l „r ,1, . I ■.„ ' , "" , '" '■"•'• ■^'""' 'I A v„„;,.„,ir. U„vern„r of ...a .,/../„„ u,„ Ki;";;;;:,.';i;':r " „ ;:' :;::;?,:;■',„;"•:;;■ ;: :;■" '•: '*^" !"T-i- "-:'. -■v,i--.-g&' iiiwrMii 40 ( • » 61 ^ohm' W '" Thi "r' """?;' ";; "' "■' "^""'^ ^'^"''"" ^^ "• '""« "'• "'^ »'"J-^>''« Ar.n« there » Oovrmor ot tlu, iVov.n,.., in H..„,li„. :, con(i.|..,.U.I c.„u...ur.iea.i..n. Mi J.r'' TInv will f " ;*"'; '^ "' ''• •' "•"""^"'"' ^'— "-• •' —1 ..r (?.u.a.la, t.. tl... F„r..iRn tl. ...tl. „t Al-nl K. <, a im.-w (.•...up.my) was ..rs-ani^,,,!, tu which th« Kin« (L,M,is Xlil ) cL.M the 10 Na ul nf Newh. unllun.! westwu..! to tho K.-eat lalce calh.l the Fresh S.a, a„.l h.-yon/hoih ah.,., h'' cou. s an.) „.to tho .ntcnor. Si,,., that t.„.... th., F..,.eh hav., oo,.ti„u.,.l their co.n.ncrco wit h, o cou,. ...o... the sa..l ,Mant I„ „;:.„,.,,„. Hou.-.Io„ .an ah.,., the ....ti.-.. coast of U rair w it . a vesHul ot th.rty tons, enten.l an.l tuok poBHo.sion of the North Uav. Th.s is ,..„v.l ),y a,, extra ,' the .uu.....t .aMster ot .. Co-neii of N.-w F.an. th.. o„th of A..,..st of the nai.l ye." ." , the In. hann of s.u.l North l.y e w,.e ex,.r...sly to (^..1..... ,o con.i..., th. .oo,l un,h.,sta,..li ,. tl.a x l' w, h the trench, and to ask f..r a nnHnionary. Fath.-r l,aKh,„ wnt o.... hvn.l th.th..- with ,^ ..r . la Va ,0.0 an.l o hers. Fath-r I)aI.lo„ h,.. «„...„ ,.is certificate of the fact. I.. Um thoHo In.Iian r «. ...1 to C^..eU.c to .le,..a..l oth,.r Fn.,.ch...en. S.c.r .lAva.^o. r, th-n (Jov........ s..,.t Si..,.r (^1, re th er wUh hve other. Hal. Sienr Loutnre took po.e.sion anew of the h.a.l 0' of „ai, t v to w ..th..r he w..nt owr a,..I a... then- set n,. the Kin.'s Anns en«,av...l on cop,,er. This is prove-l U Seur a Avau,o.n- s oni.r ot May 2.)th, i.i.i:{, .u.,i the eertilioates of those who' L: sent th..,v ' Those «tl.rT!r t fI.cI:! '" '"""''"^'''"-^' '^ "^ ""- "'• '''"•' ^••— t--. -1- -..ght to know, to his official I fin.l the folIowinK^ "" this s„hj..ct ,vt pa^e f. of th.. Do.ninion Ca.e :_•' It appears that in the year IU.,U there was an oHer of the S-v.-rei^n Co..neii of (^.,.|...c anthori.in, Sienr Moonio,,, its Atforlv- Ocn..a , to .„ake a .hncovery thercf There is .... reco.l whaf-v.-r of his h,.vin, att,.,.,pte.l to n.ak« the .i.scov..,y ... th.. Mn„e y.-ar ,n wh.eh the onler was pas.se.i hy the Council. There is a recor.l how- ever, of h.s hav.n;: n.a.!.. the att..,n,.t i„ ,1,- year foll..wi„,Ml.W). an,l he „„.v the,, have .l..si,n,..,l carryn,« .>„ the ,.r. ler. He saile.l on the .',.,! ,lay of May a.el ..,t„r..e,l ..n the 1 Uh Au^UHt. l.i:.7 an.i 30 .t .s not ,.n.t..„.le,l that h., coni.l have „,a,le a voyage to llndson's B.ty and return lK,twee„ these .late- Journ. .I.,s .Ie-.u,es. pp. 20!).21,S.r' (,f ....„,.se h.- ..ooid not ; In.t then a ...an „,av nedc v.-ya^-es i, i.tr..ren years. It .s not he ,uss,.,„cd that he .li.l n..t ...ake a v.,ya^., the y.-ar l.ef..,e. l-ecause ho ,„ado apartmlv..y,tj.e„,th.sycar.NnK.o we have p.«,itive t..sti.nony that he had aUo made that p.rvio.m voyage It lh..s.. (JoveinorH were n.akinj,^ false state„„„ts f,, th.ir .superiors in F.ance thev would have relen-e. to 1..7 ; hut they ,vfer,...| to Ui..,, sh... in, that the refJre,,.. was to I :i;Z:nt Z!^ ac .on alt.,K'e he,-. It .s true th.... is no entry in th- J,.Huit.s- In.ok of this voya«e ..f l(].-.(i. l...t that l«.ok .s s.lent ■„ r..K«rd t., u.any tlon^s whiel, n.. douht .lid occur ; ar.l th. e fa..t of its not n.eution- inKavoya.::,. ..s ,.., .....t of evi.lence that the voyaj^e did ,..,t take plac-. The pri„t...d cas. for tho )om,n,on com,nents also on what is .sai.l i., reference to F.ither Dahl.m. It .Iocs n..t appear wh..ther 40 the,e w.r.- two prj.sts of that nan.e o, only .me. At all event... the n.ere fact that the journeys which we pr..ve to hav. hcen n.ad.. I.y a priest of that nan.e wr.. not reconle.l hy the .Tesuit,s' is no evi.lenco agau,st th.. .hr.;ct authority that wo have fo,- th.- fact. On the whole, the.e see„,.s to he no rea-son wh.eh woul. justify us ,n now .loul.ting that pe.sonH acting „n.|..r tho authority of tho French ^ov..rn.,„.nt had ■ep.vUedly visit,. 1 llud.sons Bay in an.l before Kid.'); ha.I taken possession in the *renel, Km;{H name, and set up the IL.yal Arms th.ie. A„d, how..v,r that n,ay In., the French ha.I r.rtainly before that .late ..staMishe.l posts at conve- ni. Ht points or trad., wnh th,. In.lians, .n„.l had secured the whole trade with the In.lians aroun.l the Bay. ,. H.2< , lon.^ U-lo,.. th., .lat.. of the Hu.|s.,n Iky Charter, the Kin;,, of Franc ^^ave to the Com- pany of N..W . ranee the ri^d.t of tra.lo to an e.xtensive te.ritory-inclu.lin^ Fluds.n's Bay-both alone ,,0 the coas s a,. 1 ,nto th.- mt.rh.r; tl , uoi.ls hein^. ins..rt..d in ti.e Charte,-. Tho French w.-re ....iovint the wi,.-l.. l,..,i.. u.ti. II,.. in.ii.ms aroup.j the Hay at the ti.ne the CharL-r to th.. Ilu.Ison's Bav t'our pany wa« i,Mven. It is .said in the l..,uk« that ior the pur,K«o of jjivinij p,uperty in a couuiry. tho •Initrt ArrtsiniJ. .S.T. If. ArltitrtiUun, Ari;uin<'iit iif till. .Vttornxy- I ixtiiiril "f thilh ■!... f... ... ... I)i. ..■.. • A.i ■ , Api'1 C2 o«uJ£. eaid to httve n.a.I.,. ^ ^ ' ^" '""""^ ^'^'"""^ "«t'"« "" t''° discovery wl.ich tl.oy are •)itrat>lr^ L'ikI i h tx .iiKunt, i«7«. ill tiio jJominion ca.se stress is InM ,.„ .1 i- ^ .1 i% an.l Straits were cleil ' s ^^^ , n n M • f"' ' 'm '''■"'^' "' ''^""''^ ^' ' '^^'' ^'"' "•'"''° party tl.at so extensive a clain. as i ';?'', I^, ^'^1 "" '^ ^^ '-•- '"^-''-' ''3' Hther T.oaty. In the n.on.oriai coneerte.l ^ .^ ''"'" '"" "" " •' ''V'^'""" '"^"' '" ''"'* '' Lor.l n,.l,n.^l„ok.. I.v the l)„k.. / ^1 •^'«" '""'^ « "O'. J'u.uary IMth, 171:!. an.l forwa.-hMl to theirlnn.lshyF.ancointin m' , .al. I .' ' '"* '''""'"■«■''«' '"w^" ••«--. .Iis,.osse.s.so.l of Treaty, r..sto.v.l to . e ,ss si n' T "',""'^' ""' '""""•"'-'"'y "''t-- tLo ratilieation of the etJects; which h,,sses shall he set ll.v «"">'''^-'. « ith respect to their «oa.lH. .novahle. an,| January .th of the san.e year (i,...!k of ,.":';, it ' ^ A I'";.";" •/" /^ ' '""""'""''" "" what the ministry here seen.s to a,m,vl„.„ • " ^-^ ^o the Im.its of Huusons Hay. an.l real,; so, sinee^nr' ;;^;;;:t;L " ;" ! :;;;.; :f.nr.:::^i: ^ "^^^^ "■" ^"''" \ '-'' '^ time tin„n their. ,ini..ns in (V„,>,l.. I i "I'o" or it), may ;,Mve ns occosi.in to encroach at any from ..In. plenip„tenZi ^ !• '^i , 'I^: ZIT) "T :'"'" T "'f "^ '" '"" '■"""■ ^^•"^" -"^ l.y the Kn.neh\vith what thev jo,!..! e ^t . . th i Tl "" '"''' ""' ''"'"'"'""' "'"' "^"■■"'"^ the parties wl... .let.r.nin.. that .li.h... ... ,' "'■■" '""^ "" ^'^''^ ^"'^'''^ ti"-i- ">• retVrr..l ,o or p,vin,l...ial [o (i.eat Mnt. ^ n ^ : r h'! l"' '""^^ ''"""i"'"^ '''" ""^ "^'-•-^ -'van,a,..o„s whole is a matter rath..r of i, .In tv I an ,1 .';';/'"'T '""' '''" ""''^■" '"'"'^"^' "'"' ^'"'^ ^''« a..d .■,s./o», ,in.ntur ^ " ' '"""""• '' ''"'" ^ "">■ "-'"" Ji"-«-'"c.' '-tween rcs^,7.^/.„ 3O a.ai.!:;;;::':;:r;;:;;ji;t::::i:^ t..anthori.solar.e a Calm ., .n,:and Fivneh were willin, .., .iv, .^..1 . v U. T" ''"''^' """ "'"^*' '""'• ''"' '■''^" "»" I'"-"' *''" Del,isl..sn,aps,„n,r;.„rk.;ill,/r. .', ^"•^'""••y '"."."" '"' ^''" '"'""• "^' th.^ines ,„:uk..,l on ...-.St .at .onid not have heen ^he 11 1^^ zi :;:L!x ri:.-'::; ^riLr' *^ ^^ •.^ '-.' i^ t„ .... r.:..,.ed . tiie r.:;:;;;.:':;.:;;,:: :::.:::.:^t"'" '^-''"'^^ '- -'' ^' '- "-'^"^ The^:n::T;L'cii:^;ri:^.:r: -^ ':^ -;•''-•'>•, aiL. ».. assista... m this i.,ni^.'' between oi> ami o^ ..MU, ^^ "::"'': T """ ^'"!" ' '""" "^ "'"'-"•^ i'-y, say I-i..t ..f Lake ..f the U^s sl^ ^ , '^^ '•'■.,:;^ i^ T r "'"'' ^ Hu,ls..ns Hay I.Tritory, tl... n..rthern l...nn,llrv w "i i ,' . "" •""""' "''"■'■ '■'""••'>■ '" ^''^ I...ints t.. th., other. W elai../t H t. /l , ZT7 n'" '", '".' " ""'' '"■'^*" '■■•"'" """ "^ ^''^^ Arc these points in what wa t ri . " , : t''' 'T' '"";"' '""' .^'''^- '"'^ -"""* '« -tJ. of it, or its VHli.li.y (.. ..„,„. ..xtent K.. i,....li.„. ;.. ..,?....■' '"""« '"'"" "•■''-"' "I""" '" *""" -t.an.l 1 * i ► or its VHli.li.v (., s.„n.. ..xtent K..in.. inioli..,! i,. . '""'^' "'"" "•■''-"' "I" t # (!3 know 40 f j £;;™;' r ::;;:;!S,;:,^-c\r^:ztsr '"■' — -■ '■' -' »' t].e Cu.npun.v I.,.!, in tl,i. n,a„,u.,. „.,„„• ,;.., " ^'P'T """''' '"' ''"''''"'' ^" '"'^ ^^ '"' "'^'■um.lH in I7(;:f l.v Kr.n, K. . ... """"^"'^r^ '""' ''.'^ ""• < ^--' P-vi-.s to tlu- c.-hhI.,, fclaroH, wns ti> oiK'<)iiraj,'o disi-ovcrios I far a lilt "' "■"""In in I7(i:( l.y Fran,., to Kn^^lanli"'' ;'',''';■""'"■'" '"'" '"J "'" ''^"^^" l"'-'""^ '" t'"" c.'Hsi.m '-- ^ -)•-;- - a. t^ j;::^ I.; ::ii::— ;;; :;:\,:;;:;. -" - p'".. -.a.. .... i. ti.o oa... ..f ti. kin, ;: L':: . "' ,:x zt: ^t '"\ f "^^" "'"'"•^'^^'^ '""• -^^-''^ '^-^ - -ist. a. to tho ..ea. n...ani,;«' ' ; ^. ^ ^ '^ wH: . ';r'''"'''^ '" \'" ''""' "''-" '^ ^'"^ "<""'t cluut..,- like Uiis, till, i.!^^ . n n 2 .^!^ 1' "" '"" '"".""■'" ''"^- '" ^'''^ '^'^^- '"■- '•'' -"' -"'•!.— •'"""'-' ""-I ninety yc.is past 1 J i J t'^' "";-"""« "f tl.o Chart..- has pn.ail...lfor ono 1 think that ..u,.ht .. «ovc.M is .. '■' "' "" '"-^'V-" ""- 'li'' '•^- Hayhss, ., Ia,„,t. 7:..'}, th. cas,, oF an ^" it w„. competent to «o iuLt^ ■:!:;:: :;:;;; :: ;::f ;t: ^^^ ^'- ;--• ^-^^-^ -••"^"o-. those who wor.lf.1 it." uijoyiuuit had, n. or-ier to sec what was tlie meaning of '""1 litty years now ehu.se.l since the J t oVl, . ( ' . ^^ ' "' """ "' ""•^''>' ""- '"""''"'» p..-H..nsofian.i.an.lterritorie'„thr^;- i^ :^r 't i ''"':"" V''^' '•' '^">' "'"^^ •'"'■'-' "'• .lc.scrihe.1 as within the Straits they u^^ZZlZ "I '""' "' '"" ^"'"•" "'^"'"" ' '""» town., villa^re.. settlements o u 1 ot j / ~ "- ' •""•'"""•'^' '^"■' ''"• '•'"■^•"<. ''-t.-ic-s. as pertain L l.lo„, to a G p^ i^^ ^ ^ d' Z' U '" "'''" "^""^' "l"' "" ^"^'' ^""^^ -'' ""-- 40 necessary, useful or Lvx..,ic«t "r Lm wi . ' '"'?"T:. ""■"^''"""' '" '''"''• ^''""•^'■••- -"^ pu,po,<^;•• " "''"' '''^'"" ^'"'' P'-'-'^C'l.ed linut, for tho prosoeution of those iiou I?n!!fLo!;;;:^;^'; ':z;:::;;:;u^ t ^-r .'''^ 'f "'"""^^^'"" -^ ^'"' -"'''^^ «"•' --tr«c. prineipleHwl^OMni,lalJh"n"" 1 !^L ;^t H "^ 1'''"" "' ^''"^'"'•'''^>' '""' "I- yearn." They likewise s„v • TI " """ ^'""^''^ ^^•'^'''" ^''" '««' ^<''' <"' twenty Ll extent ^f U^ ITr^.y ^n Jl^rr H ^i;:': T'l''.;"'"!' '^ l'"' '' ^ "^ ^'"- K-«-P'' what manner he ascertained F, t eel. r . '^ ""i':""'"' "" '""""'a'i- can in any and the wonU, as is oRe,: :;:!;. J'l.;!;':!:^:",::^''^ »^--i<-l.lca,e,such..this(;h.rter, whe. 60 u«ago and ayuy.nent. " ThcnTi.JautW.t; ;; Z^^ZtU::^'' '^ ""'' ''"^ "" """^"""'* '^ Joint ArrcNiiii, .S..e. U. 7'Ar .< rliitntlinii. Aririiiiiciit of till' .Attnriii'y- lli'iiiriil iif (•ntariii, Im'. fiiri' tlif Ar- liitriitnrM,2iid Au(fu.t, 1S78. i 64 Apiwmx. ^«'*'"' *J'° Company woro eurtainly not ontitlo^l to any ..f Lh.^ t.Miitory wliicli Kranei; own.-.l at S..: n. ''" *""f "^ '','! ™*:'""' ■""' ''••"I^"' t'> K"i,'l'""l ; it is ,.,v,,o.t..r„„s ,o H;,,.,,„se "that ti.u Charter inten.led ^.J^, ..nf '/'. ''';' ^'"^If' "'".V «'""t t" tl>" Coiniuny, a.s a^^ainst the worl.l. all the territory «uutliorly Ar,,rr^.,.n. a„.l Westerly ot the liay, to the the., nnknown height ..C lan.l (unko^vr. ,„ the Cn.vvn an,! to t!,e Com- 1.rvr',4. '•''"^■^" *^:;"^'' •'*"f : ^r''''''"'"^' '*''""''' '"•• "'^ " ^^■'^•^^ t- ^he extent .,f ...known hun,lre,is of thousan-in of 1=1. t. I'r;;;"^'"'''';"-''.'''':''^''""''''^'"""': ^'"*^^''" ^"'"•'•"- «-- i»ten,h.! to .iv.., an,l .li.l .ive to the u^^tl'' r \?" '^? "'''"'''■'"'''"^ '■'"'" f'' ■'''•'.«■» a,.,l fr<.,n all Hritish suh.eas A.:l.u:u««. ~^r "^''^''•."'^.^>""- nI-'-f.»- all tin.e; that if the Co,n,mny shoul.l Jo nothiuK to .li.scover wh I 7, T'".'"; '\ ;'"•"""''"":''■"'' >■"'*'■'' '"• ""'••^•. n"l^'»y else couhl ; an.! that anv portion of it cnlvM r"f l! ' ''""'':r'l>^'"''^ nrt,.rwar.Is, a.- p.i.e l.y war with another n.t'ion. an,l by the 10 Z.ii rr '''•T'l'^r"* ^>'" -'"•'" '""I'i-. i" H-,ope as well as Arnerica-aecrue,!. whn. so cannot be n, aceoi.lance w.th a sonn.l interpn-tation of any authorities which can 1 . fouml. iLfteAV' 1T' r/ ""'''•' '"''.^'"" '•^•'""^^•"">' ^"'"'itt-l '•>• the (J.„npanv then.s.lvos. that .rntil long !n.rfl ; '•"'""' ■ """'""•'• '"^'' "" l"'^^'"'^'"" "' '"'.V P'ut of the interior of the co.u.try, a hat heir possession was confine.l to certain fo, ts on the Iky an.l two factories not very .li.tant. tt^Ls ."7" ""' ^''^'^V'"m"'"^' "" "'"■ •'"""'-^■- ""■'•^"'' '" '" ^^^ •"'^' ^'•-- '""» "t the san-.e ^ t va^^^^^^^^ ""'"' <;-"t.s.witl. the., exceptions, no possession of any part of the territory away from the shore was ha.l by the Company until h.n;,- after the cession. " Con..!.'?"; .""''' """: '''"/.'""?;'•'■ ^'"'^ '^•*'"''*"'' ^'"'^ ^" ^>« ««• A «-'""'itte« of the British House of 20 Co. .nons was appointed n. 741. to en.p.ire into the stat.. an.l con.lition of the countries a.ljoininB ' at ttt' un u't'i : ; f . '"''; ^'"■;'"' -" ^'•"•^ • '^"•' ''^"•^•"^^" -^-^ -'- "-•" ^'^ - «'"- -t 5 T n. "; . ?r T. •^""'''""«»^'' "^' ^'- '•-""l-".V were on the Bay. (liook of Docnnents. 3».) ih.seoppose.ltotheron,pany at that ti...e were complaining of this, an.l un:i„. that the Company had n..t atte.npted to .settle the country. ^y;"' "' -^ '''f *«-""* »f "'« "u'lHons ilay Con.pany. the n.ateriai part of which is prh.te.l in the Bo..k ot I),KMnnents. pa,e 402, th.-re is this admi.ssion: -As long as Canada was hel.l by t e V n 1 w.th he Con.pany. " The C p^ny, hndin, their tra.le seriouslv am-cd. ..xten, Ld l.^« ^7 tl^r operatu.ns. an.l sent pa.t...-s to esUblish theiuMlves in the inte."i.,r" I .. 1 .' . more than this statement by the Comnany th...nselve^ i ' "?' '""'""" ""*'''">'' ' Then at paffc 412. Book of J)ocuments, there is a h-tter fr„.,. M,- fs i .i Company. telliuK the result of his researches int the I t T i"' """ ''"'"■'""" "^ '''« other things he savs: - A. . he ti.ne h 1 f ^ '". '""i"'^ "' ''"' ^ '"'"''""•^•- '^"'""^"'' Hu.|son-s Bay C,.n,panv. wrote as f.ll, " 'V ! ' ••«';-.•..-■" to M-areh tin re-ord. ..f the Co„.panys Jo..rnal.;. wV.in.l that it va ., 1 1 p a t .'.f tl « C T""'""'^^ ^^" '"'" " P""'^**' "' ^'"' to pur,.hasc p..ltry from ^U. F „„.s ; but the In. ^r 1 d w„ ^ 'r'L' ^ 7T' "' "" "'' '•"""*^>' and there exehan.red their f..rs .... V,.. n... . v. ' ' "" .'7 '"« " to \ ..rk and oth..r l.,r.s on the Iky .^.. '"''^"J' •■' »^«'n^''"ndi.se.- Ho that the Com,«„y not only I ' ► k «l C5 ' ► » » 4 (l.dn.,testal.I.sl. stations. l,„t .li,l n.,t j,m ..,. tl.o country. "It apponrs that tl». ,,..,l,|!,,s (K.vnch m.|..r.s-- ....... '- ;W. .s tlH.y wen- calici,. from QuoW. Im.l, f-n- s..,,... ti,n,. ...iu,. t„ tL y.-nr 177.J, j;.Hu> „,, ...to tl.o U.m1 U,ver .listriet. an.l l.y ho ,|,.i„,. I,,.! cut ulf Ih. In.lians a,„i l,.,M<'i,t th.ir lu nut tlnnk tl.at any turthor research wonl.l I.avo thrown n.or.- li,.ht on th. n.attor'than th. Ontario C.ove.nm..nt .s air.a.ly m. ,„.H..ssi.,n of. 1 ,..„.,.lnyc..l a «..„th.n.an for .s.v.Mal w.eks to s.an.h at the Colon.a lOlhco an.l turcu'n Otfi.v, as well as M,.. Kolls' Utii.... .m,l IhuNon's IJay Archivs m.l.v.M-v scrap ,>t .nforn.atio.i h.-arinf. on it was, I think, sent out ..ith.r to Mr. Cnn,,!...!! or to Mr Sett 10 OHult. Ihus .lurn.K tho whole per.o.l Iron. 1070 to the pasMn,' of the guei,ec Act, the M,,.lsons 15av ( ompnny ha-l U,on m no .sort of po.s.sc««ion of n..rc than their fort.s an.l faclorie.s on and in the inuuc- tliate nei;,flil)ourlu)0(l ot the liay. nrov'^'ll ^!".T'"i'"' •^l'"r^7/'''='^- '^'"'■""''' i" l'^'^^>. f'-t ■' the evi.lenee is al,M,.Iant an.l conclusive to rove timt the trench trode-l over and po.sse.sse.l the whole of the country known as the Winnipe.r as n a,..l l-erfle I.eK, Iron, ,t,s .li.scovery by Europeans down to the Treaty of I'ari.s, and that the ll.dsons J,ay Company ne.ther traded nor ..stahiishe,! posts to the south or west of Lake Wi.n.ipe.r untd n.a..y years after the cosion of Canada to Kn.iand." The Con,pany's lirst po.st-vi. rnn.l'er. land louse, on .Sturgeon Lake-in the vieinity of the region in .p.estion-was not built until 1774. an.l they UhI n..t e.stabli.sb any post v.-ithin this tiact of "ountry before 1790. 20 There has been printed in the Hook of Doeuu.euts. 2.-10. the judyn.ent of the Hon. Mr. Ju.stice Monk, o Ujwer Canada, in a ease of Connolly tw. WoolWch. an.l the substanee of it is this :- tie shows in regard to the Freneh, that as early as KiO.-., Quebec had been establishe.l an,and carried on a lucrative and extens.ve tur trade with the natives ; that in t,.o p.oseeution of th^.r trade an-i other enterprises he.se adve..tun.rs evinced great energy, eotn-age an-l pe.seve.-anee ; that they hud ext. nded their JOhu-.,.ng an.l t.ad,ng operations to the Athaba.s.-a e.n.nt.y (say .Vv north latitu.le and IIT west long.tu.le) that .sonu: portions of the Athabn.sca country had. Ixsfore 1040. been visited an-l tra.ie.l in an.l U. so.ue e.xt..nt o.u-upied by the KhmicI, traders in Cana.la a...| th.dr Heaver C.nnpany (which had been b.un.le.l n. 1.121.) ; that from i(140 to I(i70 the.se discoveries and t.a.lin-, settlen.ents had cmsidcr- ably.ncrmsed.nnumi...a...lin.p,.rtance; tl.at Athnba.sca ami otl.ern.gio.rsb.,r.lenng,.p.w. it behm.red to the rown ot !.ran..e at that tin,... t.. the san.e extent, an.l by the sa.ne n.eans. us the country aroun.l llud.son.s R.y bel.,ng...l t., Knglan.l. viz.. by .liscovery, ami by tra.iii^r .,„,! hu„t,ng. J,„i,,„ Honk mentions !(,/(). because it was the .late .>f the Charter of the ll.uls.m's Kay Company The"e were the conclusions to which Jii.lge M.>nk came jii.licially. H ...ay be a.hle.l. tl.at if the Athabasca c .untry belo,.g,.,| to LVance at so early a period, .so would 40 tl... whole intermediate c.aintry betuven Athabasca an 1 llu.Nons Hay on tie east, an.l between tho Athaba.sca country ami the St f.awrence on tl... south, because with these parts the French were more fani.bar, ami tra.l.d to a n.ueh iarg.r ...K.-mt th.n fu.ther north. Hetween l.i7() (the last .late na.ne.l by J.i.lge Monk) an.l l/o;!, th.. French establishe.l posts or fo.ts in that, N..rth.\Vc.st T...ritory which they ha.l previously e..plore.l an-l hunte.l over, and tra.lcd w^th namely. ,m Rainy Lak.-, the Lake of the W .....Is, Lake Winnipeg, Lake .Manitoba, on the Winrdp.g Iliver, the Hci lu'v.v. the Assiniboino K.ver. the Kiver au.N l!i..|...s, and the Saskatchewan, an.l .s„ west t.. th.' Ilocky M..untains wh....' Fort la . omp.ier.. wa. establish..,! by St. Pier.e in .7.-.2. All the.s,. lakes ami livrs are eonm'...te.i by the Nelson K,v..r w..b Mu.ls... s liay. a,..l are in the territ.iry which, in the f.dlowing century, tho Hu-UonH Bay Company clam.e. under their Charter; but confesse.lly they ha-l canstructed in it no post or oOHettlement ot any kmd until long after 17()3, Til.. Hubjeeis of Franuo ha' tl.o IftUe <.rtl,e Ma...., ii.uno, iV...., wl.i.h tl.o Rivn- Mo.isippy (lows i Sec. 11. ' .',Vr"'r '• ■ .' '''''"'"'' '""' "'"' ''"'^ ^^- "''••"«"'■ "" <'"• A!i.a..v, wl.id, wft.s iM.ilt i.. 1(:.S4 ; .m.i ^ , rt T\ V •'' "'' "" ."■ ?""' ■"''■"■ '''"'■" •'" '^'""•"•' -^"'■'-'"•'1 'V' t ti,. sn,,,.. ,u.,.iu.| ; n,„|. to tl.o iwi,.t, ..w,... ^;; t ^••";-u...>^ Mu, lak.. ..fthat .„.„..., siM.,.r.. ,.nH... Iliv.... Pu.,.,.,-,, .,.i,|wav Itwen. Uk. .Ml.tassin tA;t>tr; .'"'''■'"'■"' :'"• ' '"">' '^^ ''•■'-"^' '-" ''-'^ '•« •-«■'• •'•'-• fnc.ts..,...,....,Ht...ifor.,. f..r Io'nu!^!^[ 'Vir'" ''""■ '" ';"""""' ""■' ^ "'"' '^' ''^' ''"■ '""5" ^^■'"■"'' *'"■ '■ !'"">• '"'"^ f"'"i^''-l 10 f n . .7 ' "V'V"'""'." "''""•'^'-'- ^VV appli...! tu tin.,., for what ...aps th. ■ I.a.I, n„.l th.-y s^. . V , h • 1" ;";■ " ""'' ^'"^ '""p ^''"" "^ ^''•^ ^'""•^•'">'''' -"^'"■'•■' '"•""■'-•V is ..o„- H ncl.,..ar s luvor an.l H.ve.al othe.- .ivn.s show,. .,. tl,. ,..ap as ll,.ui,.f. into H,„lsons Hav Tl.n .0 ,.a..y ,io..,s no, .y the n.ap clai... to the height of lan.l cvo „ so far a^ the- .on.parativ..iy s, a .N...tr,,,,_th,..vtoa,., north.-rly alo„,,r ,he ..ast.-.-n shore of \Vi.,„ip..f;. a„.l th...,c-,. „o, tho.lv tx, Sir 20 be :;i:;!;;.::;;:h;;';;:;:ii:::';:;: ;^;:;;;t -^ "-"'' ^^•'•" - ''- "-'^"^ -^ ■ • -- ^-' --h-' ^« h. rV , , n "''^ "'■•'''-''"" '■' '■""• "'"■"" """•'' "^'•'' "•"• ^*'"^" ; I -i'l— . th..,„n;.v that it is Uu^ M. to wh.eh tho Co,..pn,.y .• i..Hy .vr.r.v,i who., thoy h:.l onoasion to iia... u.o any n.a, ^t^. t M ory. Iho o .H o,. ,t a,. .,r..,dar • ...a.ko.l •• U .,1s of IIn.iso,.,s Hav Lv tho I^vaf v o • Wl t " 1^^ ;; ; rT;;; ;;: :" "■ 7^^ "■"' .'""^ '^^''■•- ^'- ^'--" -'^ -v ......ht that this i!; :z ^^^;^.^^^^^^^^^ ;: :-t- ::-:;-:; ;;;;:^;::.l ~: - degree of lo..«it...h.. "' '""'' " ''"'^ ''"■^'^"*'""' 'ninif i" • lK«.t tho l)8th VhivfJuHtice H,ir,i»i>,i -nw height of Jirstof thesi! two maps was piopmod. 40 "I .loos not appear to have Uen know., at th, ti...u the Clurf Justice ll.rn... Vh..o .ivo.s aro ..„.h.,.l.to,|ly to tho r.orth of tho hoi^ht of h.n.l chu,..'.l^„..r..so..;horlyl.o.. I vtnni. tr?, . ' ""'' "^ Mitcholis tho Co.npa.ly cut .o,..o rivors which flow z .'r^L .;':;, 'rr.'" r'V" f • '""•• '"• '"'" ^'"•^' ^'--^ t.> tho so,„oos of tho rivors is i..coiHi to, u . ,'".*'' "' "'""■ """'"""'• ''''"' '■'"'"' '" k"> b..u,..N hy the ono than l.y . . X, T ,c I 'i Iv '"i ""'""*-''' '''" ^ "'f"»-^ •'-""•'' '■"«- tho .„ap i; north of the like uf the Woll!: ' ''""''" '^ "'"•''■"'■ ""' ^''^ ''^ ^'"'^ <>'-•" V Chiff Juttice llmison—Tlwn' -i-os i.ut apnoar to )w an i„h.rv ,.i <■ tiu^ «„ ,„.,.. -n. ,,c.i„u .,na„„ . .n.,ko.'ir:r. h2: ,;;:::';;;,;::;,■: ^ ^ - '""-' » flows into If;s4; and II tiio fa«t, Mistas.sin cnt (ir lliu itioiifd in iitt'd form isors from ftnnislifd 10 ftiid tlit-y '4.S, liciirs iipiiny in k-liicli tlio •y i"< »'on- de to cut ^y. Tho ■\y Hinall ke called ly to Sir 20 tll.it tllb poHcd to ! nutlior, liut it i.i of their ■trooht," >ho\viinf is a fair '^.NOH^i(ln .'{0 iTf, Ittit >>( tho lie !i8th iiiu the nM the iiiilis 40 npiliiy fitnud to Jfll liir;,'i)r iin by twccn then aiids, 50 ■' «# ,07 ^" r ,r . H "'" ;'";l""'" ""'u "; '''■''^' "■" ^'■'^'^'•'^^<"- "f ^ho right of Ontano to this extent of territo.- I AitrirMKNT OK iMu. Huikuns, yc' •■" Jn ti;''nri.u "i 'T '^"' •"'""' ''^f' '•!'?'',";' ^'T'"'"^' °*" ''""^'■'"' '""^ ""''—' *»"' Arbitrators. He said ■ Jat.-,r„u.ddo un,onisHul,„„tt..l i,y tl,.. (I,.v..r«nu.nt of Ontario, thro., torritorics are mention I the ocal.tuM and I.nuts of which uu.t in s n.ca.sure he ascertain-d, in ord.r to a ri • r " n r' Hoiutjon of e <,u..tu,n where the iK.undaries o, Ontari,. nhould h.. traced. The-o t. •.;.;.. ' Jho I .d.an lerr. oru-s (•>> the Territories clain.ed by the Hudson's Hay Co.npany. and ,: tl Terl^ tones known a.s Ciina.hi or New France. ' Tie Indian Territories may Im shortly descrilK..d as th.,se extensive tracts of land Ivin. » , m westward and northwar.l of t'ana.la and tho Hudson . lUv Conn.anv' Te u rv n Z" i ...s^s^ien of hy any civili... ,...rnn:ent prior to i,.K.. These IZ^ l^^^L Z r^H:;' he Unds descr. .e. by S.r Alexander Mackon.i., in his Tnu.ls ,n .UriJ, A -./c,^ p .Hisl., t^i ^ tr ■ '" n :"T' ^''"'"'^•'""' •H.poaronthe n.ap as the Athabas.an and n ,,i^Z le Ht,. as lhe.e tcrntones were ^p.^ially reserved under the sovereignty of the Crown fo t ^uso ..the n,ua«sl.ythe vn.,.l'r..cla uon of the 7th Octolnn-, 17(1:1 ^hich established the V.^^^^^^^ llTZ-Tr^ NVest For la and .bvnada, ■ within the countries and .slands ceded to h W^ > 1 1 eaty ,. i arts .,, '„. ,.,th Febnuu-y. I7.1.-1. That Prodan.ation describes the.n as " the iTn 1« b n^ .o he w.^twar.. u, th. s .res ..: the rivo.s which fall into the sea fnun tho w-.t an.l n rT we. and as ...eh p.. H .,. ...r dom.niuns and territories .«, not havin. ben ee„..d to /re ;^;^r::;:;,;;it'"r''";-''M'''" "'''•''■ •"•"^'••^^-"■'«;" -.• «««!.: - ■ lands vl .■: ha . . b ca c.lel U, or purchased by us. are still reserved to the .said Indian, as aforesaid - They are also descr.bed ,« the Hrst secti f the Act of 1«0:1, which extended tin- jurisdiction o the (^ t^ «0.f ,.v..r and Upper (.^»n.l. ov-r crhaus and ol.;.nces cnunitte,! withi.f cerUun narts 'i; N.:^ ^!!l!:l'i'L^:i':i!:i!'ir:!:!!i:! ;!::!;:„..!:!:^'^:'}:^"t- "i'-H or other r>art. ..r A.nerica. not within the limits * IImiU iif ni)cuiiiuntK, |>. '.»«. •'illKT Ai'iKsnu. S.V. II, n, iviimiM Sir. Hii.|jfin», (.'.('. ..fC.uii. «m! fur Oil- turin, la-fiir« till' .\rliitr»- tiip., L'l.il AuKUiit,Is;s. Joint Al'l'KNhU. tM-v. II. n, Arliiirtititin. ArKtiiiji'iit i>f Mr. Hi^li-iim l/.('....fl'„„„ ■■'Uiir Oil- turii>, iK'foni tlif Arliitru- tor*, l'ihI Augu>t,ltt7ti. 0» ortl,.. h,.vi„,.,.s,,J- f„wn„r Upper Cuufla, ,.,■ ..ith-r of 11,..,.,. .„• of t|„. j„ri.saiotion of the Courts . st..l,h.sl..d u, tl,o.so Prov.,„...s. or witl.in tl.e li,„its „f any civil .ov..n.„...,.t of the tr„it..a Stat.-, of A,>,or,eu No ,„o,v cl.a.ly .|..»ine.l lo-aliiy i.s -mw,. to th-.s. to.Tito.i.H i„ any o. tl,u StUo l>,uu;. u. a ,.,, o Nor . A,..or„.a ; ...t l.ml S-lkirk in his .SW. .-///,. HrltU Far T.L in Xortk aJ,., puM.l... n IMC. re...r.s to th.n. tl.n« : -" This va„-,... U-,,,,, • l,.,!,.,. r,.,.ntorics.- U:i. b.-on u,s«,l uithon any .Ic-hmfon to ,.,nu out th. ,,arti.uiar .erntoric-.s to which ti,e Act is .«.u,t to apply." •■ Tho,'! a," r''"";\"''\^."7" l'"''" "f '■'' ^'T to which the proviaioiw of tne Act u„.,u..Htional,iv ,io anplv viz ' ^,o.sc w ,.ch he to the no.th un.l west of th- H,.,lso„s Hay T.r.torics. Li wlnch^ ar. k own i t... A t, «o,e com.n.tte.l; a.ul these are the only districts in which a total dulVct of juris liction 10 dcscnhcl in the p.ea.nblc of tlie Act was to he found, "f ^ *" .ions^Irtw'Kinr'rF";"^''''"r''''^^'"?''^'" "^'''"" ''f ''">'^'''' '» '7o„s ol the K.ngof France, and known a. -Cana.la or Nen K.anco." Th^t portio.i i'thi lut crntory ly.n.we.t o the Ottawa and Lake Ten.iscuning. and of -a line .l.-aw . du Mt • , U lK.nnd«rv line or " ...ore" " of Mnd.sons Hay "-e.xeeptin. the portion south of th- ^r. t lake a. W.S to the M.s.s,ss,pp.. ceded to the United Sta.e.s in 17.s:J-now fo,„..s the te.ritory of e Pr ovi . at ■ '.''••'"'""^-.'•••■•-^I-'-- -"1 «'.^te papens, printed in the Bcn.k of'l)ocu„.en..s .show that lor a .senes ol yea,s p.-.or to I7.;.'». the ter,ito,-y about the shores of Iludsons U.y was a ehr ic aubject o dispu ot d,plo„.atie ne^.tiation, and of t,eatie.s. between the English and L.'-h v n 20 .nenis. Pro.,. .I.i.s to 17.-.:.. the chief subject o^" discussion between the Fr^.d. Ministl an . J Clo^ernors ,n Canada, and the Kn-disl. Ministers and the F,en,.h PlenipotontiarieH was what w 're thi terntonal h.nits or boun.inries of the two Sovereigns a.,out Iludsons Jfay. * Taking first the .p.esi.on to which Sovereign the southern limits of ll„ds(u,s Ray Indon-'ed it wU be toun, that alter the Treaty of Utrecht in 171.% the Hn.lish Mi,.iste.s a.ser J ,L.U ,'w Le of I udsous I ay, u.e ud.ng of cou,,s. the .southern ,sho.-e inland to line 41.. boh.n.ed to » .1 B u 1 On the othe,. hand, the .•.^nvsentatives of the (h-owu of F.-ance contended that th:ir e.rlie^" l^^^' thcrpnor possession, and their settlements, l„v.i n.ade that .southen, sho.e n„t of t.e\ ■ ; Canada. (VrUinly up to 1700, the Iludsons lUv Con.pany cone, i it the F el ' f of the southern portion of Jan.es' Bay south of the Albany 1^^ o 1 t- t t^T"' f .0 ktituae.: Hut subsequently a gradual advance was n.nd.. W. the te.:ito^ d'i^rof L "L T!^' Bay (-on.pany. as follows:-To the Canute ..,■ Hud.son Iliv-r in o^ N ialitllei o k I t" or Misujveny in 51 r N. latitu.U. . ; although no ..w possessory .■igL'::::tJ ■i:!,^;^ ^^J^i: ': or the Company m the disputed territory between 1700 and 171.J. ^ ° After the Treaty of Utrecht of 1713, the clain. presented by the ('on,panv to the Fn.li^l, n . rnent a voiced the bounda.^ u. line 40» N. latitu.L. ; That Treatv r.IZ^^ "„; m h^rT; England he Bay and Streigh.s of Hud.son. together with all lands, se.us .sea coasts riven unlnr situate ,n the Haid Bay and Stieights which belong the.eto," all of whi; , wiX 1 T^ ""'' ^^^ erect..!, - either ..fore or since the French ..i^ed';ho sa.ne." weret: :! ^n u, wit ns;7n '7 Iron, the ratification of the T.eaty. It further p.ovided that the contern,i,H us 1 m sTf e T of the two nation,, at Hudson's Bay, should be determined within a 'l~'"^^^^ named by eaeh (lovennnent ; so as to fix - the lin.its ..tween 1 1 Co \, Z' ^ ;:: n '^ appertaining to the French- which limits both the British and F.ench subjec 1 II ,' bid.len to pass over or thereby to go to each other bv se v or land ' a T ► '° """"•^' ^'*'- exclusion gave to the French'a right to u.se the ^h,. ^^ ! e B y w l^v r T 'a ""^"""'^^•""""« ^'- to the loUnwing words: -It i,\owever, pn>vided 1..^^ Z ^1 ^ :^;rZ Zo^ "'*^''1 Quebec, and all other the .subjects of ,he M..st Christian K,.,,/what ".eve^ . , ^ "^ whithe-soever they plea.e. out of the land« of the Haid Bay, togai.er with' all U.ei 'g.^| trli^i:: * Ootik of Duciituentt, p. fl. t Buuk ui Docuiuantii, p. 123. t BmI Selkirk, Hktteh oflht Fur Tr.idr, jip. 85.f,. h Ibid. , p. 124. ir ;w , p. 120. " " iiyfcy p J3JJ ^ f 00 Z?r!'' '??."''. '''"" "■'""■ '"■ '■'"""''""' ••"*^'^'''' '""•"'" """""""^ -f ^^''^•••* T^"- C,.,n,ni«si„n..rH wer ap K,.nte.l. l..,t never .l..ton„i,u..l tl,.- ,,„..Htio„ of l..„.„,l.n . The H.itisl. C^o.nn.is.ion.-r., insj.in..! .y tl... Il..,l-u:... Lay ( oM.|a,,y, cluin,..,! for the first tifue a, the l.oun.lftry. thu line 4!)" n.,rtl. latitu.lc-f IWir ^ "'""" •^""'" '" "* '''^' ^•'""^•'' '"^'"" '•^-'^^'"'- ^•"•'tcn.ling that th« territory ciai.ne.i was part of Now at that time th. liu.lso,.'. Hay Co.npany ha.l not a„y torritorini occupation in-von,! a IV-w mnal po.st.suraw,.h.|y«,.att..r...l iVin,.. of .s..tticn..„t.s, al...ut thnv or four, on the shore, .'.f the bav un.l JroM. wh.eh tlu-.r tm.le w.th the In.iian.s wu.s earri,.,! on. This fact appea.s in the evi-icnce tal.;n' hy a ( .;,ni.ntt.e oi the House of Connnuns in 17H>. Historically the san.e fact is statcl l.y writers 10 and otheeij, of the Co.upany who dealt with the .lue.siion fro.n personal kno.le.I.e. In 'llohM.n-s Accouutof IljuU.n s lin,,, pul.hshe.l in \7r>:i, it is stated :-■• The Con.pany have, for sixty years, slept at the ed;^e ot a trozen sea. They have shown n.. curiosity to penetrate further then.selves; and have exerted all then- art an-l power to crush the spirit in others." (p. (1.) K.^ther on, in npeaking of the Indmns, he shows how the iMeneh had gone inlaud.and ha.l-unu.olested hy th .ut 100 nules above ,!,. faetory, wh.re they sell their goods .iO cheaper than the company do : although it l. very d.llieult and expensive' to carry then, so far fron. (anada . . H'" i'»-^''"-l« got all the choice skins, and ieav- only the refuse fo,-the('on.panv Tho ^ rench have al.s., got another ho.ise .Fort .Nemiskau) p.-etty high up, upon lluperfs Kiver, bx- which they have gaineo all the trade upon the li.ust Main, except a little the CVanpanv get at Slude K.ver the ...out. ol wh.cl. ,s about thirty leagues to tho north of Rupe.fs lliver. And fu.ti.er on. refer, ing to the absence ot Lngl.sh trade with the interio.-, the writer .says that - The lin.lish who trade he-o have no planUU.ons or .settle.nents witl.i,. land, bat live „e.vr the coast within d.eir fo.-ts, in little houses or hut8. , (.overnor lownall. in his lleport on th- F.ench posts i.i North .Vn.,Mica, states that by their .nfluenco W'.th the Indians, the F.^eneh had been adn.itted to a Landed pos.ses«ion a..d had b.eon.o po.s.ses,sed ot u leal interest in and a real command over the connirv.}) 40 The Fretich (Jovernn.ct prior to the Treaty of Utrecht claimed the whole of that territory • and alter the .eaty they continued to claim it as part of •' Canada." They contended : -'• The Uu-m'' resti- tution, wh.eh has bt-en u.e-l in the T.eaty, conveys the idea clearly that tho Mn^di.sh can clai.u only what they have pa.se.sse.l ; and as they never had but a few establishments o„ the sea coa«t. it is evi.lent that the interior ot the connfy is considered as belonging to France. •; The French King, Louis XI V., in a letter to ,M. de a Harre, dated the .Hh Augu.st, |.;8:i, clain.ed that the actual powssion of the territory about the Uay had Ix-en t,.ken in his name prior to the po,s..ssion of the Kn.did,. Mis l.-Uer s att.s: ■; I reconmiend yo,. to pn,.vnt tho English, as much an possibl,, f,„m ...tablishing thomselvs :„ ludsons hay, pos.se,sion whereof wa.s taken in my name several ve.rs ago; and as Col. dlfiemeni 60p«rto. the said King to maintain good correspomlence with us, and ea-fvily avoid wi«l«ver ...v interrupt it, I doubt not tho tlitlicidties voo I.ai.. ..v, ,..,:..„ i .... .i . t " y.. ... • the liiture. \\ * .tOTKr API'KNIUX. «.f.ll. Thr Arhilnitiiin. Arnuiiifiit cif .Mr. llo'lK-iiiii, '.•.<'.."f('ollll », •.'uil Aiiguat. 1871:1. • Hook of Docuuicnt.. p. IB. + /Wrf.Tp. 132. J Ibid. , p. 371. i IbU, p. 38a"f 7* dj.m. lfc«rf.,p. 1(W. 70 Joint AppKNnix. .S.V. II. Thf Th« f.tctH co,,n..t...l with ,1.0 ri.ht of ,.,..ss,..ssio„ th.-n cl«i .1 l.v tl... V.-u.h Ki„. will 1... foun.l same name. ()„ tl..- V h "l , • . .' •^'•""^'*'*"' "^ ^''" "-"-t'- '.ru,.. nv..r..f tl... Sol.a.t,.u. Vov..r.. ; a,..l tl.o chie.:. of each In.ii.u. .^ti t .urn " '.^ Z^l T''V '^ act of ,n.lia„ s.........,or which ha« ^Z "c J .: j' ,, 'o:t ..^^ri '""TT'"'' '"" ^^ V'"^'^ ''"^ occupants of the te.rit...v ahoiit M ml '- H„., i i , , " ''»''""'*' who were thu the L, of F..a..ce. i.. ;^et '^^ i^l ui: ti^l^l^ "'f ''T ^'"•*^:''-"'' ^"" ^-"^"^ ^« tho Crow.. i„ CanmUx. te.ntor.e. have l„,,-„ ,u, 1 still ,uo,ui.e.,.le,e,i to TheTivaty ol IJtiecht.li.l .,otst.r.v.„h.ranvportio.)of the te.n,..,v. ..■.• . v „ only .estoretl the Bay an-l Straits of Hu.lso,. • tuJ e , '"""^" "'' ^^'"^ '''■'^"™- '^ the T..eaty, a,.,, as •• t ...... ''^r ^ llilt^tn'XnZ;^ nT'' "'T' "'^^ """'^'' '" «« Crow,, of KoKla...!. The wor.l ..se'"t'^tio,. i,. ,..,,a,..| most favourable to the ee.li,,,. power shaM ^^^^..S '''Pa 'le of two ...tcrp.vtations, that whiel, is a.u..t in tho ease of tho uJ,!, Z!^'^ A ij!^' :;t: T:7 '' '" "'1' '"''- «""-"« the A,neriea.. ami Spa,.ish eopies of the Treaty ■ 1 , ti.o u 1 IH 'T "*" " ''"'""'"=" '"'^^^•'■"'' favou..hle to Spai,., the ee.li.l, p ..,., sho-.M^!.! "'"f ! : . V'T'"" "^'r'' T '""^^ of cession is a -lee.l of the ce.le.l territory ; th.^S.sorei., s*^ 1 T, '^ T ""^ ' " ^ ''''"'*>' to the cession ; the Tieaty is his aet ami .loe.l " •• T k' • Z ' '"'^ " ''"'•^" '"''^^ *' '^"'«t--. luH ,lee.. ; the oxeeptio.. w,. n.,;,! ,.y " t 1 its „a^ 1 1 N 'I tT "T ,''"' ^""""- ^ ^''" '' ' ^'^ -" by his wonls in .-eA-renee .o the thi^, .-..t:! t:! U " , ! ! ^J^^^^^^^ '^ intentio.. e.„...., ^ •• We ...,.st he Koven.e.| l.y tl.o clea.-|y oxp,.es.., | „.„.H , , ^ iu 7T '" 7 ' ' """ ^'■'"''■" grantee. i„ private-,, fortiori in puhlie-trrant. ■ ^'"' ^"""^"'■' """' '"'^ the Kxai.iininj,' this Trentv l.y the li«l,t of this .leeisi..,, ,ve H„,l tl.„. M r , .-. that which ha.l I nri.i,>ally Kn.lish tn.rit...^-" t i/ . : . t- 1 f "m . '"" " 'r"'"' """'>' t...Tito,,y ofC«„a,laor New Kranee. Th. K,e„el. Kin./lei, v M '«'"1-" : •"" Ly mn,„. anv hy a larger ee.,lo.. tl,a„ the wo.ls of the T^^:; J:::!!: '* '^^.^ i,::':;; '7"'-- r''''''"''' '"•'•'•'<' '--' taine,l hy the French Co.nn.issioners. h. M. .l.; Umoil.e's ,., „ l ' " '^ ;'';"^''.\- "'"''";••' iviy n,ai.,. ;'Tho Kn.lish have ..-ver p„. , ,„.. Ia„,,. that :Ch :;,;''' "''^ ''•'"': '''■•'• ^-'' ^ impossihl.. for the Ki..« of F,anee to .vsto.v them t. them • fo o , a L r" ^ •'' !^''""''"''- '' ''« hai. h,.en taken hy UM,rpatio„, The fact is that at the tin,., of the s.^ T . ' tv"?f' '.T '. *" ['"' "'"^'' '^ p^e^,\ one ,*,t r^the Strait an.l Bay of Hn,|so„. «„.| n,„ Hnj^lish | JsesiVth! 'tl i'' ^^'''""'^' . ,!.„.. of i>o=ua..u. p ,0. .ft«. pp. 3^;,^:. - 7Vp.u.™ u.s:.«9r '"''^ ' " "- ^ I I 71 true tl,at. .omo ti.n.. iH-for.., the Kin. of Franco l.u.l conrpu-rcd tl.o English ,,art ; an.l it i« of tins that .t .s n.l...sto„a hat res,.tMt,o„ i. ,.. h.. „.a.I...". To th. .«„.e ortoct is L n.c, • of M. DAut .il ^ r:; •: r';' ?: ": •; "'V'^^^^- "•■ ''^••'■•^'■^ ^'""^^ "■"^' "^ '•'•^^'^"^-" ^ <' ^ the Kn^ii^h sh,.w „?."'>":""'""" "'""• "'"' ""•>• ^^"' ""''"'" '^ ^" ♦'"•"■: »"" *" that they ti I , ' ' "", '• "," T ":• ■ ;'"' ^""'^ ^^•'""'' ^''^'^ '"'^•" '-"I-"'- ''-•'• '^'-^^^ ''toppe.i ut .. t.as..,.c. u 1 Ih.. Inn.ln an.l nvns houh-rin,. on th,. .ai,l 15ny, takin,. po.s.ssion of all fh. plac.-.s an-i ni 1 ""/'.rv :''■' ""''^ '"'• """ "'^>'' •"• ^^''''^''^ -""""'i«'»tu with it. l.h,..gs to it, U n i -7 ^ ^ f f :'^ •'"' "''^ '"•'"" ''"^""'-tahle, it is lor France to n.,uhvte the linuts n this |.art.c.ular .,UHr er. an.l that of the little whieh she n.ay ce.le. she will always ee.le that which is ...r own. as the kn^hsh cannot ,nvten,l to anything except a very .s.nail extent of the country a.ljoining th o as wh.ch tiu.y have p ..sse.l at the foot of the Itay/f An.l consistent with th..s,. views Jt appear! that all..r th.- I reaty the hrench eru.-te.l a f..rt at the h..a.l of th.- Alhanv Uiver. ; The llu.lson's Hay Lo.npany da,nn.,l t at th., ,o„,.,lary shonl.I he at the 4!Hh parall.-l, while the French Insiste.l it should he at the ....th parallel lh ,j.,t ..f il„ o.n.pany l...in,^, as state.l l.y Chief Justice Draper "to estahlish an arbitrary boun.lary an.l to secure the fur tr.i.le from the F.ench."8 20 The ne«.,tiations U-tween the Connni^sioners appear t.. have en.le.l about 1720, proUbly bc-eauso . lunn, that y..ar s.-vera of the chief Minisfrs ..f State wh,.se nan.es appear i„ these papers-notabi; M. . S... e ary ( ra«.s, the Karl of .Sun.lerlan.l the ( •hancell..r .,f the Kxehe.,uer, an.l ..thers-becamo n..pl.catecl m corrupt transactions with the South Sea C.n.pany, which caul.l their expulsion from Pa l.an.ent the f..llown.« yar. Their successors in the (iovernuH-nt appear to have allowo.1 the negotiations t.. lapse. " Notlung w.is ,loue." wrote the Duke ,le (Jhoiseuil in 17(11. The n..xt chapters in this history are the capture of (Quebec an.l the Treaty ..f Paris of 17«:{ bv which (ana.la was ce.l...l to Kn,lan,l. By the Articles of the Capitulati.,,. ^.f .Montreal l.tween leneial An.h.rs an.l .he Manp.is ,le Vau.lreuil in 17(i(.. an.l the T.eaty ..f 17.i:i, France ce.le.l to Kngan.l ... lull r.K.t.t ana.la an,l all its,h.p,.„,len..ies.an,l the sovereignty an.l p.-..pe.ty a...n,i,e,I by 30treaty or otherw.se. H...1 cl..cla,v.l that a li...- .Iiawn along the .ui.hlle of the lliycr Mi sissippi^ Hhould 1« the l.in.ts of the British an.l French Tcrrit...ieH. ' n. r''^J''-,i'' ^'"' ™I''^"''^'i"» ''"twee, ticeral A.nherst an.l the Mar.p.is du Vau.lreuil. nor in ,ho lre.tty ot l.(..l. IS h...c a..y r..fc.e..ce t.. th.- t.-„it.,ri..s ab„ut llu.lsons B.y. But I take this g,ou...l now: By th.s cap.tulat.o,. by this t.eaty. the Kn^li^h Km. su..ee,le.l t, the sovereignty, to tho p ..r..gat. ve . ,gh,s, an. t.. the a..s..rtio„ of title, ..v..| the te.ritori.-s wbh-h the F.ench Kin, cUina..l about Hu.|.son s Bay. In a.l,l,t,..n t., h,s ow.. pren, natives as King ..f Kn.lan.l, he b..c«,ne clJthed with tt ,..erogat.ves wh.ch ha,l pe..ain...l t.. th.. King of Fiance as the Sove.vig.. ..vr this teriito.y ; a...l thin .lo.ibepre.ogat.ve wa.s to be exercised i,i such a way as woul.i be.st n.aintai.. the p..blic .iglit of the people to who,sealleg,anc., he I.a.ls„.cee.l...l. The clai.n to the frritoiies about lu.l.s.m's Bay had 40 .>een.n cutest between the King of France an.l the llu.lsons Bay C^o.npany. It i...w heC^n a uii- «'l fur < III- tnriii, iM-fiiro tile .Vrliitra- t..ni,..'iid Auguit,I87«. : UiJ, |>. U03. K IbUI., p. 'i42. 7« .TllKTf AprnNDii. ii « riKhtM ..f (ho SoveifiK'n an.l prop!,- I'l.is .locfri,,,. ,.f HUtwsMi.m < ivi^n rights I^h rocn v, .1 iu.licial H..:il. ''"":i";';^"l""' "• ••«v',.l J| ""■ '^"1"' '■ ''"'"'^ "♦■ •'"• ''"'t'-l ^tnt.-s Ims in varions pn.s..» atlinn.-.l the same .hmtrin., : that the n.-WfroNvrmiM-nt taki-s tl.., pla.., of tl.at wl.i.h ha. pa.s.-,l awav an.l m.ccce.is to all the li-htsan-l propo.ty ol the original s..vt-rei i ^ N..W with refm-nc, to the allofj.-.l clHini.s of th- Ilu.Kons linv ('.....panv t.. tl.o lan.Is south ..f Hu.lsons Lay, to In..- V.)\ ,t nmy i.-asonal-ly I..- a.-n.-.l that th.-re coul.l b.. no i-stopp.l hetwmi the 20 (.own ol iMiKlan.l. d.,ll...,| with llu- .h.nl.l... s.,v..,vij:nty of th.- Fr.-nrh an.l Kn^lish Crow-m. ov-r ...s.l.Hputc.l ter.itory,a...l tin- iIn.l«on's Hay C.Hnp.-.ny. Whatowr .•.■p.vs..ntation. a..,l dai.n.s th., I i.,s.,n.s Imy ( on.pa.>y ...ay havu in.luc.-.l the Kn.^^lish 0.,ve,nn...nt to n.ak.- prior to the co.s«ion ot 1... U-rntory. w.m.M not ..slop the I'n.wn .,f Kn^Man-l, havin;j «.-.p,ir..,l the s.,v.-ro.t;..ty which Franco l.a.| l.cl.l, in any contention Iwtween it an.! the llu.l.s.,n.s Hay Clompany. C'A /. /■ JiiHtice //„ rrimm-l fancy that { J.eat Britain coul.l not have confe.rc.l ..n the Iln J.son'.s Bay Company any -leater riL-hts than ( Jr.-at Britain at th.- tin.e .,f the grant pu.s.se>.»etl. Afr. ll,nl.j; v«-Thv cessi.m of tlu- ,lispnt..l territ.-.y would n..t acc.uo to the HudHon'. Bay Company. -^ (.'hie/ JuHtia- Jlani-^oa—Nut in the al.s.ii.n of an cxprew. grant. .\fr. //o-/,/;,H-We say that this terrifry akuit th.- .south sh.,r.- of Hu.lsons Bay ha.l been Ule amIUl l....n.K-cup.e.lan,| th.-n.-.-forwar! ; um..-.! as Fr.-neh t,-,Titorv up t.. a ...io.! aft.-r the Treaty of Utioeht. an.l therefo.e could nut I,,. > ., .rrante.l to th.- Ilu.i-ion' H v ( ' a . .1 , ., ,, ' j,'"'.im IO iiie iiiici.sons l>:iv (. ouipanv. And t at th.-,v would I..- n.. est..pp..| op..ratin« . hvw,..,- of ,h.- Hudson's [{»> Company by rLon of the «uhs...p,. n. a,-.p„r. that luritory, i.;, li... <>own u{ Mn^rla.-I in I7(>:t. W,. n,„.. n.-xt to fh^King'. IVoclan,ati..n of the 7th ()ct.,I,.-r. I7.i:J, und.-r whi.h the I'rovineoN of Qu bee, Kast and U.-st Fl..n.la, and (Jr.-mula, w.-n, est sh,.,,. ,„ that l'-...-la,nation th.-r.- s.-u-s t, "' " "T^ '• ■:'^^'':"i ": '•-"'"■■."ti..n i. not pr.nt...d in full in B..ok of Doci.nents. but i w II 40 be loun.l in a work which 1 ., l.tai 1 .rom th,- Kdu.ation D.-partuu-nt of Ontario, in which th - 1 -n Cap,tula...n. tl.0 Treaty ,.f P.ace. an.l the I'n.dau.ations in n.gar.l t., the earli.-r .-stai.lis 1 .t o g ebec and he ., th.-r I'rov.nc.-s. are eolh-cU-d. That IVocla.nati.m r.-scrves out of the .-.ten 'and va ua le ae,pn .t..>ns in Auu-, ica ...-u..! f. the C;r..wu Uy the T.vaty of Paris, ot h.-r terntoi i ! 2 Z^> pa el in.ler the lo,.r iiM and uiif. rce it." \f (III' firii >•/<. lioyil.^ : tlint (lu^ 1 projioi ty s 8onth of bwuun the 20 WIIM, OVil- :luinis tli<: 10 coswion cli France IsunH Bay miH Hay had been clftiin of alter the ly. A nd L>n uf tlie vilU'ON of sci'Uls t(» lit it will 40 1m' terms inient uf Lsivo and inn tlio.su ■ Crown, ! HOiir >- 'i» >^. a,.. • •,■,,., "due u„- th." The rule s . L i , T ',' '" '"^■•"'■'' " '" ''"^^ '^••' -"'*' '' "'^''"■•^ Hil.I.i Kiv r •■ i, j ""^'"" "' ""-' ^'"" '""' M.8H,,s«n,,„. and the line of th. •• UuUh .. tiu. Missis- an,. ,ra.lm, fort^of the Win wn , , ?' T ^'';^"":'r'-^*-' -H-knowa ..ttle,„e„u U l'o,nte C, i;i.aco„an.icon (":, n „ •; ' '-t^Kannn.tn^ia^ St Pierre. St. Churhs. th. «ott.en.ent. ..„ U,. Super.or. w:^t '^i::: d.K^ , Ij^,^-^— ' ^'- '^--. i^" ^'-trcH. and I he j.rean.l.Ie of thv Act «howH that the int^-nti... I'arlianient was to oxten.l elvll u^V- w,::.::"':::,'"'' •"" -'■ «"- ;•■"" - ■•' ■ '■■' ■"- ■""■.-■" i ":.'.: 1 i:';™ itsa^s. U hccas, l.y the arnin-enie.u.s n.ude ly tim said H..val I'roelanialinn ,i verv ha v. V r 40 Bnt-«iill keeping in view the olyect of the Qul-Kt Act as Hot forth in the ...en.,.1 1 . .,:^r;;;.j:rr::n::i;:ri.:::^::i;^:;>:t;^^^^ '--^-■- - - • -c-'""'*?. a«n wa-s a politicai aoi »i sUiUj wiiiiin /A. ArKUImMit . f Mr. Ilixlviiiii, •/.•'■.•-f< Uii ml <••! Il||. t irio, L'fiiro tiM' .Vildtr.i t..r.. 'imI Au^tul, 1H7M. MICROCOPY RESOLUTION TEST CHART (ANSI and iJO TEST CHART No 2) ^ ■dP P'-IED irvM GE I ^^. 'f'^3 CasI Mom Slreel -,-™ WQchesler, N«w rorh M609 USA JSS - ^'6) *a2 - 0300 - Phone = '.''6) 266 - ^989 - Fa. 74 JOIVT Api'KNinx. S.r. ir. Arhitriliim. tlio prorou'ativc r^'lit of tliu (]nnvii -to fix thu lionndarics whero tlioy WiTo iiiu'i'tt;iiii, uml o von to oxtc'iid thfiu it' noofsiary ; and such act of tli(> Crown is bimtinf,' upon tlio Arliitrators and cannot now b;' (|Ui'stioncd. Tliat o'ovi'i-noi--( it.MHT.a!, as wrll as li's succi's-or liad tJins fi-oin tin; cn'>'.vii conipli'to jurisdiction over tlic ti-rritory to tliorufof tlv hank-; of the Missisiippi. Bat wIiim tli'> sou'luTn portion of thr Provinc.' of Qiirhrc was c -de I to the l^nitod States, by the Treaty of 17.h:1, the t 'rown lisid ai,Miu to interpret tlic Quebec Act as to ilie remaining ten ituiy ; and iu the comuii-sion issuinl by tiic Crown in 17.*<0, appointing Sir (Uiy ('irK'b)!i, Covern. ir-'.jeneral over wliat nnnined of the I'rovince of (^nelicc, tiu' Crown dolinud that Truvince as extending on the west to the Lake of tbo Woods and tlie Missis- Anruuii'nt uf Ml'. Ho lj,'iiin, '.i.L'..uH\mu- K 1 I'.JI- I )ll- t;irii<, lk-fiire th.' Ailiitift. AuaiiIt',iS78. «il>l'i ivlver. These commissions to the Governors were political acts of state or of so^-ereig!i power over the 10 territory in question, and brouglit tln^ territory within the jip-isdiction of the Civil (Jovernment of Quebec dtlegated to the Governors, The (Jourts of the United States have been called ni)on to determine quesuouis of bn,f saj's : -0 cousiruc- iient liavo which it n its own t' luitioiis, st respect Ics which i ol' each." : liisputecl SO Crown in fppir anr„elan,ati.,n „F I7!)l as ^ waat ,uet e true boundaries of Ontario. The paper subuuttei t„ i'arlian.eut, and the I'roel.un ,tu.n. yiN e i\\ o unuts : ' F;r.t.-That the bor.ndary .shall conrn.onc.. at the .St, Lawrence at Longn^uil, thene,. r„ the ( ),tawa Knvr th.H.e up ti.e Ottawa to the head of Lake Tenusean.in,, and then^. in a line < due north U s rd.own by localities whtcl. had certam nan.es adnutted to be withb. the ter.ito.-y or eount.y called or known 1. the nan.e of Canada. lo a.d us .n hnd.ng the extent of Canada we ,nay .vd'er to n.aps published i,r England and trance pnor to and at, the tin.e of this l>roela..,ation. We n.:.v also Ur to the prior admissions or repo.ts by the otlieers of the English a.id French Gove.-nn.ents ; f". the works of historians and geog,aphers,and_the knowledge aecpuivd by the actual experience of travellers; and iVou, all 30 hose we can obtain with tolerable certainty a knowledge of the extent of the ter.-ito.y called or known by the na..ie ot "Canada.' Now, it is nut ..ecessary, so far as this arbit.^ation is concerned to casi.ier that portion .south ot the present boundary between the United States and ourselves, or to deternuno whether ,t was p.v, t of Canada or not. I have a.-gued that it was ; and the United States CourN in de^ilmg wit^. ,uestions ot titles there have held that the territo.y lying to the east of the Missis:ippi VNas to.n.erlv Canada, and, that the U,.ited States had .succee.ied to the title ..f the Ivin..^ of F.ance n that part ot Canada wliich he had prior to the conquest by Great Ih^itian in 17o!»,and wideh w.-ts ce.led to England by the treaty of 17(i:j * So far. therefore, as that ter.itory is coneer.ied. had it remained thep.opertyot England it would have become part of the new P.-ovince under the tern. "Canada" n.sed in the Proclamation of 1791. North of the line of the Mississippi, and .lortl. of what is ,.ow the 40 internat.onal bo.u.daiy, there were Vvendi forts or trading posts. These French forts-Fort Bo.irbon I.nt Da..phin, Fort La Heine, Fo.'t Ilouge, Fn-t St. Charles, Fort .Maurepas, Fort St. Pierre and Fort Kaminist.quia-appear on both French and English maps published p.ior and subsequent to the mirrender of anada. Now, to what Sovereig.i did these f.,rts bedong ? Di.l they belon.^ to the Sr.vere.gn ot Engl.and o.^ of France ? Were they oceupied hy English or by French subjeet.s " Every record we have, whether taken from English ov French so.irces, ad..>its that these forts'were F,v„ch that all through that interior western country the French had establ.,she.l their posts had car.ie.l on' tra.le with the In.lmns, and were more adventurous than the English. The Engli.sh had si.upl v occni,ied a scattered fringe of po.sts on the shores of Hudson's Bay. while the French had gone into the in'te„or ol the country, had e.stabh.shed these tra.ling po-ts and by virtue of their est.ibli.hn.ent had occupied 50 I.e territory with the knowledge and tacit acquiescence of the English-if the English had be-n entitled by the possession or the coa sts to tluU^nten(n-_countjT-li^^^ the inte.ior portions of the * Uiiitud States w. llcpoutijii.y, 5 Wallace, U. ii^2ll. ~ "" ■Joint AlM'KNUIX. Sec. II. The Arhitriitioiu .Vr'iiuieiitof Mr. ll.idtjias, ^^f.nf Coun- sel fur Oii- taricj. licfiirn tho Arliitra- turs, Uuil Auj,'uiit,1878. 70 ...-^t;;.,,. .-apit.lat.,,. l..t.., ;, ;^, V ''v ^^"^^ r."''^ '^ '"'^ '■^•>'""l '1 'i- >>y the Article. .,f ^^■\p oe H,.. (',.,..„ V or ' : i? "" '"'"''"" ""' '"■^•"^'' ••-"'^'' "'■ ^-'-^ i" tlu. whole exiont AC.^;'lrs...u.„„val,l,.; d„.v,haiUl oni; J"''r''" T" '" ^'""""'"" "^ '''"''■ ^'""'^ ''"^'' "'•-^'''^' ""'1 -nay he o„ thei4 ^M :. ;; ".T '" ";' '^'^V'"'"^ " "''■^'' ''"'""^ ^" ^'""■'' "'"' ^'"- ^'-f' have re,naine,l iu the W Ti": T "" '"'"^ '" """' ""'°'-^'' ^" ^''■''^'' ''"-^ -'-''' ■^'"^" 10 above, ch.u-1, poi^.F,,. :,■■"■ """77^ '" "" ^^'"""""^^ '^"'' ""^'« "' ^'"- -""t-. Then we hai'the .,. ,^ " 'i:/:;:";"' '^'^"'■■"•; "1'' '' ''" '"""^•'^ "■"^^"*'^'-^ ''^•-• beer, the ,lisn„te i,etweeu til M '•""!' ',"''"■ '^"^"'"").i case, wh.eh shows that whatever n,ay have Manp.i.a,h,!itt:a: : e 4::;;::.: 0;t::'' r' ^^r^^'-'"-^ - ^'> ^'- Mi^sissi, ..the -uth of the Lake of the W T ', ^T "''""''"' '' '^^"' ^''^''~'' ''^'^" i-.ne.liately WO.V th ,se I have .Li; : ^ ; ^i^t t :! i '^ ': ;'" ";'""'''^'^ ^''-■'' '''-■' '-^^^ -■' '•"'•- Territo.y. '"'"-' '"' ' " "^ ^^''"^'^ ''^s since bee., known as the lied liivor tlu'se pos. an,I set.le.nents .Jl^t^:'.!: 'T' ^"'^"'"■'!^ 'l^' '}'^ -""'"■^' --'"" -'-h established posts there for the beueMt of the ' • "V ^ ';"'''";" "' ^'""'^^ ' ^''■'^""'' "'"^'•>'^ ^ad those posts and Montreal, and y I ne Vr """" '! """"''" '^ "'"''' "''" '^^"•"■'-' "" '^t--" -ade respecting the Fr neh s hi " / 1"""^' '" ''" 'r'"^ "^^ ^''" -pitnlation, provision was i-l..oper nnlesJas referring t ^i^'t: rvoVrT'T"'' ^-■^^'---- -'-''-ould l.ave been only dispute between the BWtish a I I^m tt et ' H " ""'T"''"'"' ^^ ''" ^"^'^'' ^-'^'^"'- '''^^ the lUver Ohio or -Ion.- the lliver Mssi b , ' ''" "'"^''-^^'^-terly boundary shouM be alon.. l>a.tof theconn.veoL.: ., . rtZ;; b 7 '^'Z'^-''''' ''"'' '^""' ^^'^^'^^"^^ ^--J in the boundaries ^f L^p,,,, CanI K bv the^ ^^ !" "T "' "^'"""''^■" '^'^'^'•^>' '''^■^' ^^-'^ ^"^'-1"! -traeing then, westwill-.^:; St ii^'^ S^'l" p'''' ^>'" ^"P'^""' '^-^ '<-'i-^t;,,„ia ,0 of the,., on Lake Superior, others on R ^n Ri t " ?; ^7T "r^''""' ^'""'''''"' ^'""•'"---"o Lake Manitoba. 'J'he evidence tl.a he ^ Z^ , : '^^'^^" "^ ''"^ '^'"°''^^ ^ake Winnipeg and to the Arbit..to,.s, but son.e ^ ^ a ^^^ :,;„";: t'^ ound not only in the doeu.nents ,' r. dshed his work contains the following stat ^,r^ 'V >'-Alex^ Mackenzie's travels. The preface t. French before the Conquest ; "and a^.b^at*^.:^,^ i ; 'l"' ^^T^"""' ^^'"-'^ -- -'^^'•li>lH..d bv the had two settlen.ents upon tl.e Saska^ehiwine i;;. be v a, "7^^ 'r"'"' "'r'^T ''"' ^'"' " '""''^ the Pa.s.p„a, near Ca.-rot llive.', and the „ther .t V , Conquest ot f'annda, the ti.-st at wheel carrhyes. n.arks ot botl bei ' o b ."T"" " Tr' "' ''"' ''''''''''''' In.tnun.nts and The Nepawi settlen.ent mentioned U CITi!f:Z sf f "'"""':;^' ^^'''^^ ^'^ -'' - --I'-t." eo.n;:-i;:;;r;;:;-r^;::n:;;^^^^^^ was only he .sin.ple fact of pos.selsion. .' VVl a .at t k " ' "''''''"''' '° '"''■' ^^''^^ '^--- settle there, it takes possession of overythin. bcLd d ^^ f'TT? "' ' '"''^'^y "•^''' ^ -'- to o a hudted extent; but this other dirin^i "^> ,".' j. ^:"' f^"^' ;'--> '■^^•" ^hat is true take r.osse..sion of the .sa.ne territo.y-eiti.er close to 's. "■ '''^^''''' "'' ■•^""''''•'- ^rown coverers,orget, by so.ne means, into the intcl ^c^ ^fT''^'T'"''^' '""''' ''^ *'- «-t ^>i- wlucl. How down through the ter,ito,-v iirst ^ If the s, ''"'".' ''! ''" ''""' "'^'^"'^ "'' *''« '-ers J )<« Inminioii an<] C.'iiiuKia, was w Artk-lvf, of •lis tliO jxi.sts nil's fur tlio liu Ti(;aty " -^ time, two or onghttoagreebetweontheinseive ,,nd' I L^^^^^ '''T '"'"' "'''^""^ ^" °--'-- they Lave the right of empire and th. domai n ^pZ h whi h'tl "l ' V '''"' """"^ ^^^^^^ -^'' ^^ case of the Engli.sh and French strng,lin. f - tin r d ' ^^ '^ "", '"' "•'''^"^•" ^^''l''^' ^'''"^ *" ^he continent. Adin-C that the English^Hd mak d co^ ,T ttl"" ""' ^"^'^^-^"ty --■ this northern The French, prior to that, had made se twi Im ^^ 'J '"^ "" '"^ ^'"'"^ "^' '^-•-'- '%• a..d .ubse,n,.ntiy within the inteii,. -^ "2: "'w^.'tl^" •'"'"/"'' "^.'""''^^''^ "'"'^-'^ 4- theirri.se. The two nations should a-Mee as trii h- " !7': ""^^"'» '"'" "'"'•^""'•^ ^'-^y took nation has the right of empire in the ,t't reto h ^ , r\\ '",' •'''"^'•'" ""^' "^ ^'""'"^' '■^■^'-' -'' 20 he entitled to so much of 'the sno,vs of th Bay a -f i 'i ' " ■'^"'" ''''' ''"^'''•^'' ^^■'" t'"- pos.se.ssory rights of the French ,,,t the IJny and ' L "' n "i'""''' "^ "'^ '"" '"^"•''^■'" -'tl> the territory they had settled npon, and np to snch a in aVthr.-r^^ French will have the right to the the illustration of a line all.ng the ndddle T ^ W^' ^'' /'^'^'-'"^ 'f deferred to when he suggested rnents on the iiay and the Freiich settle ts on 1 'C!:) T.'"* 'f '''^'""'" *'"' ''^"^''■^'' -^^l- .irawn. The English, after makiu. a few s nal , em nt H ". '"'"'""'' '^'"' ^'"' ''"^ -^^-"'^1 ^e yea:.s,and neglected to take possess on of iC^i^'r^l^",;'^;'''^^ 1 "" ''''' '''''''' ^''-•'^ '- of these acts of the two nations is Governed t n.! 1 ^^ "" ^""'^ '''"""■^'"" ' ''"'^' the e.iect I. ,pen that a nation is .-.ntented with "i^les .. ! i !:^;:;;:; l' '^ ^'-^^' ^ P^^« ^^^ ^ " ^t may vi.dits ,n a cvuintry which has not an owu.r witho t he n ' vT' "!' "^Y'^P''^'""^ " ''^^''^' '^^'^tain ;J0 country. 1„ this case another nation may ile ?. ? ° ^''f 7^" '"'^^ ^"^^^^'^"" '^ ^'^^ ^^olo cannot he done without allowing all tl,e ^^h^t,n ^d 1 v 1,:^ ."'r '\ "'" '"^^ '"^''^^^'^'' ^ ^^"^ ^l- -dependence ;" that is, ,o the extent oi tl,: t rH o " e \ v T "^^ '", "'"■' '"" "'^' *^'-'"^« the two territories. And it is infrestin.- to fin It I • • \ '''""'■ "'' ^" *''' ""'''"" "»''' '•^tween allirming a principle which has li^ Ce , ::rn;;" "^ ?'"'' f^'^"'^"' ^'^^'^^ "^"-^^^''' law.-I„ T>vl..,n> ar Lan, ,./ X.,;,,,, atZ; ^-^ • 77 .T ''^' "'^"'^ "" i-ternational Spanish And,assador, reu,onst.i.d a..un;t,™cd;Ho " "n " '""""'""^ " '^''"'^ ^^-'^'--- the 'knew no right that the Spaniauls tl^ 1 ^y 2^ '7 "\ '''''"' ''•"•"'" ^'-'^^l-t'' -flied that she of. For tha. they having'touehed yt "'a' ^r: I . ?" 7' t'^ """ "^ ^^^^=^' P^--'- •-■'".1 capes, we.e ,M,ch insh.ii,i,,nt thin.Jas ^ , 1 ' ""'I' "'"' "'^■^'" ""^""^^ to a few rivers 40 parts where they actually ^ttled^id ^S: :;;;;r -l;:^;^ ^ ^^V^.ty, fnrther than in ment, when it has supervened on discovery c.nstit, ! n . c f , ■"'^'' '"'^ P'^-'^^ ^ ^•' ^ " ^^ttlc- not comhined with a title by discov ^ i, H^' ^ .^ r "' S' f '.^"^ ^ ^'^'^ '^- -ttlement. when «i.on one or other condition: th.t th ri d o : L^^^^^ "^^^ nnniediate validity will depend tliat the right of occupancy has been ren ^ ^ t^^^ 'Z ^'\^"^'^'^''' '" •^--' ^'^ '— -■ or the pre^unption of law .dll ..wavs be in Wu o ' Uth- ^'^T '"'""' ""^ ''"'''''^'y'' "^^^^^' ment is opposed to a title bv discovery al I , d no eo. nt '' "•^*';'"^""' " ^^•'-- - title by settle- covory having been waived.'still a taci ac S i " U "T^^r Tn ' '''•'"''"' '' '" P''*^^''" '^^ ^'^ '>- .luring a rea.H.nabh. lapse of time since th s eme h 7T ' '"":" "'"' '""'^'^ ^'"^ ^'^^^-y. sc.t,en.nt.- Whe.on, referring to this ^C"! ^^ ^ to! '!';;;;;: ^^f ^ ^f^ ^" ^'^^tnrb tl^ oO pos,tK.n conhrme,! by eonstant experience, that^.-very p^rs.:,: wi|, .tu 1" 'Tf"-''' ."'"^" ^l'^' -•- belongs to h.m ; and the infercnce-fairlv to bo dr .wn fron h ', "''"^ ,""'^ ° ^'".'"y that which .Jetect in his title or his intention to relin.'iuish it" «'lc.icc and neglect-of an original .TniNT Ahi-knijix. Scf. U. Arl/itntfiiiti. ArifuiniMit ce. Tlicy know tliat tlic Kiviu-li had t""--''"l l,..r„/ ,. u „ iii'lK.itr,! an nccnpation and scttloincnt of tl.c toiiitorv- and tl.cv kn..u- -ll »l. were „;;,lo. and 1 1:,,. ^ Tunrt "l /T;"'"" ■" ''■"'" ^''^ """ ^'"^ ''^^'"•'' ^^^"^-"■^« 10 Bay ron.n. nv .uui / T ' ^""" "' ^'"' ^■^■^^'"" "* ('•""^'1" '" 17(i:i; and th., Hudson'. taken ,w«s;ssion ot „!' ,2 ? " ^""''* "^^ '''^'"' "'■ "'^^'■■■^'"■'^ 'i"^' "" ^'-' ^''ound that having -ateJ. UyuJlw.^;Z^l:;^ -t.„n... at Hudson W.a. th.y wove ontitl-d to all the lancb but Twiss (p. 174) coudn t and h ^'^^ /V'"' "'"'■"""'' ''"' '"'^'^" ''^' t'"-' United States in LS27. wldeh all nltio la^. A i"l °:t t^" ^^ -econcHahlc with other rules of international law tj tl.at to the Hudson's Bay cllnvT^ 'l' "-"""':,"' *'"""'^"' "I'"" ^''^ ^'^'^'^ "' «"e'' charters a« jurisdiction <,f the ^^ra^t , ol' th h '' '",."'; ' "^'''"' '"'^"" •'*""■ ^'"'"' "'"' ""•'•^' -'"'- ^^0 other sovcnd,nVwcrss,.Ir^ heli ' u?T' r?'"'' '''^■^' '=""''' only allect the suhjects of acts of di.scov ryLd . e up. ion e t 1 "' T''" ' -' *''^' """""^" ''^" '"' '"^*-"^' ^'^ aspect > -^ 1 ' occupat.on el eted by UKMnbcrs of other independent policical connnunities " Hudson's or Jan..s' Bay to t k L Ki e t 1 f " 'T"','"" ""'""' '"' ■^""^''^'•" -^''"--^ °^" interior posts by the L ch and lieh f V T^"""' '^"^t"^'"'^"* '^"'1 occupation of these territory part of'cauada or New F i^ -.or n., to t e rules of international law, had u^ade that j,„ w, . , \\o stand on the territorial rights which the Frcncli Kin<. oo had thus acquired ; which the French Kinrr in nr? . i i . n l. ,- , . ^"'fe' 30 depcdencies. and its se>tlen,ents an po tl in t i . t''''" K"g''«h Crownas Canada, with all its tbe Quebec Act and Connnisriot to G . o / ' "m""' "' /'" '■"'""^' "^' ^''^"^'''^= -'-^'^ ^'7 Quebec; which, bv the Onler in n, 1^ ! Vr ■_^'^'^"!^ the north-western part of the Province !i now ArfTiinient of Mr. Mac- Malif>n,(^.C., of Ccmnsclfor the Uomin- ion. before the Arhitrators, 2nd August, isrs. Akgument of Mn. MacMahon, Q C France claime.l in 1G85, and in 1G71— ion to ],?«.-, „ , , West, including what is claiu.od as th Hud onVS^ V T, ™''''°'' '" ''"^ ^^''"''^^ '^^t'- Callieres, wi,en writing to the authoriti if F ^i^ ^s^^r^'v; '''V^l "" '''' "'' «'^^ ''^ ^^'^ by the Marquis .le DenonvilleV, when eonnm n ic t , .1 H "'''''"'"^'- 'f''^ '"^'""'i'' was followed t;.at nu.noir just as has been as.rte7 ^Ztu : ''c': T ^r"''""'"^' '' ^^" '^^^^-l '" ^cw .0.. ..torieal Docu.e.. Vol. . d, and l^I^pl^'So^'r^tr^^r ^r^^^^I .0 > ne (loctrino of ■y. Assuiiiiiii,' wliifli ilprit'tary ami 'l .SL'ttloillCllts 10 tlio Hudson's mt tliero was |il'f,'oing into III' Diriiinion tli.at iiaving ill the lands ates in 1.S27, iioiial law to clinrtcr.s as fii'ct against 20 within the grantees an ■■ subjects of •*, to respect uitjes." established 1 shores ol: on of these made that encli King go with all its which, by 'rovitice of Governors, t, liiis now whicii had t hits been 40 I the early has been view the 3 Noith- •st liy De i' ", '"'''. ""^^"■*''"-' '^'''' '^'^y ■^'^""^'' "'^''■"'"^ "' «^'>"« ^vav for havin. gon.. into of ir s^::' ^^'^^ ^— -^ '' ''- --^^ -^^^« ^^^-^^ ^^-^^ ^>'^^ ^^ ^-^ure is ti:; ^o;": .lOINT Al'I'KNDIX. iVf. ir. Arlitriitinn, iVl'lJlUllMIlt "f Mr. .\ra(- .Mahiiii.i^».(,',, "f C,,iiiis..|f„r tlii^Dninin- iiin lii'furi' the Ai'liitviitdi's, -'ml Aiigiiat, 1H78. 80 Joint Al'l'KNDlX. S..,., II. Till' Arbitnitiint. Ar(furiifiit of .\tr. .M.ic- .Mah.Mi.i^.C., Iif (-'"UiHi'lfdl' til" U.piniii- iii'ibiffciretlu' ArbitratiirK, -ml August, 1878. Mr. MarMa/inn.—'So, not ono. Fort liiiport wns cstalili.shed in KISS; tlmt wn.s Gillaui's Kurt. It is ft.liuitteil on all Immls tliat Gillnm luiilt tlie first fort on tlic Hiiy. That was tlu; first fort of anv account u|.nn tl.c IIu.l>on's Hay, oran.vwiicn- in ponn Mtiou wiili it ; tliis is nut <|U.sti..nr,l l,y my liwrn-d frien.l. Tliut f.,rt was put u|. in tlir in on.st of IVin^'e lluport. I am merely -oini,^ over the /M-Kuments ot my ieani.^.j frienl in or.jer t.. sliovv on wlvit a sli-ht basis tl.o liist.oiieal .stat.'inents have lie^n built and lu.v.- wiiliuL' tlu- Province of Ontario has bren to seize u.on such pipers, as autlu iitie docunanlsi ill order to prove that this territory was French. In lOG.'J Sieur Du.iu.-l, th; Kiu^'•s attorney for Qu,.bcr, and Jean L'An-l.is, a Gma.lian colonist are sa.d lo have -one to Hudson s liay by order oi .Sieiu- JVArgenson, and to have renewed pos.scssiun by settin- un the Ivu.-s Anns ihere a .second time. By reference to page 121) of ilili.s' revised Report 10 It will be seen tha- that onler could not have been -iven by D'Ari,'enson, because h- had left Cani.da on' beptember 10, 1 GO 1 two years before this prctemled order was uiven to Sieur ])nnuet;an(l there is ample authority for that in Shea's Ckadccoix, vol. :!, j,ag,> (i,5, note 5, and p.. 17. 1 have -dven the hi.stoncal references here in order that, if possible, my learned iriemls mi^ht meet the statement that IS made. • 5^'f -Jf ^';«^'/-^^«'^'-«'— \Vo.ild it not be convenient for my l.arned fri.nd to answer now the way in which Mr. Mills treats these thiiijr.s ? ^ Mr. AlacMuhon.~J do not think it is necessary, becau,=e Mr. Mills puts the matter on aground that could hanlly be maintained. If he were to look at it now, he woul.l admit that there is not so much in his view as he thought there w^as at the time he wrote his report. In a note on pa.^e 129, Mr on /. ^rT /'"^"""f '''^■: ''^'''" "'-'^"' ••" the strength of certain passages in the lielations dcs Jes^ut,^ to throw doubt on the authenticity of certain of the occurrences mentioned in the memoirs of M._ de Ulli5res and the Marquis de DenonviUe. It is not at all likely that either of these-the one being Governor ot Montreal and tlie other Governor-General of x\ew France, luuing access to the ofiicial documents, nnd writing •■ithin a short time of the da.e of the events narrated-could by po.ssi- . bihty be mi.staken. xYow. De Callieres was writing twenty-one years after the events; Demmville w lb , . 11 "' •' ""'" "■"' ""*^ " '''^'="""'"* '" ■^"I'l"'^-^- ''■ ti-^-^ ^v"« "Ot a document on which they con d rely, how It IS possible that any reliance could be place! upon their statements ju"" could defen.l heir having sent the French into Hudson's Bay and destroyed these forts ? For. in im h Marquis de Denonville lia.l sent two or three compaiu. s oi Freuchmen to Hud.sons Bav ami taken three forts m one year; ami it was necessary that they should aecount for these transactions t the Government ot irance. I will show that the Hudson's B.ay Company were at that very . ! m kbg presentations to teirGovernnient in re,nrd to the comluct of tL French, and to the ,ove,n rs S D-lfr ' , Itr ''r '^ ''' ' '""' ''''' '" '■^"'"■'' ^" «'-r Duquefs voyage. The ta o D A.genson aving left Canada two years before his order is said to have b^en given t^ Duquet sloJ hat the whole thing was, it not a fab.ication, . mistake. I am not going to sav that it wIsT L i 1 When we come to the voyao-e of Albanel and ">■> Sir.,,,,, ;„ ir-i i- i >g. i dcpatched with Father Alband a J™ *,,* ts ' '''" T'"\ ''"■" '''°'''''' 50 Iiiiu's Fort. It st fdit of any liv my Ifiiriii'd tllL' (lI'LJIIIIU'lltH iivo lit'iii built, tic (lllL'llllU Ills, iinian colonist, r(!i| posHesision ovisod Report, 10 left Canada on iuid tlii'i-o in ivo given the itateuient that ' now the way a ground that 010 is not HO pULjo 12;), Mr. 20 Relations dvn lio nioiMoii'sot' liuse — tlio one access to the >ul(l by possi- . ■i ; Di'iionviilc t DrCallicres document on itemcnts just n wiiicli tliey 3Q For, in HiiSO ay and taken I'tioiis to the liiin' making yoveinors of 'I'ho iact of U(iuet, sbows as a fabrica- ut that there uld not have ^q s emir coni- niiiistakable as made, we lu'eo months 1 gentleman 's J3;iy draw reconnoitre ri.,' to do ; so idson's Bay, 5Q information :::tltz!:z::!;::''''nt """: t'''--: \ "> '•- -'■'- ^ .'•• --■.■ •■^•.' this vova.., had i, ,., s'id. ''f '".:"" ""' ;;^>^' f V'V^" r>r, of, he Hrl.llo,,. for 1,;-- 'llither.o three ti.:., , , , iv j; IT'' *' ""' ^' '•'■"■■';-"•"■'"'. "^ter havin, nndertak-n it ahvadv Hl.indon it in .h.pai o : u "'""""" "'"'"'''''' ''"' ■^'"•" ^''-'-'v- "Mi.ed c 10 sudden ,md u, rs llC n,i^ 1^; , 7" ""■*"";"" t' '^ ''" ''"■"'"■' ^''^' ^'^-' ^-'""- '^^ - this nnssion. at th MeS ^P' '■^'^';r'^*'-; ---I - -- - 1 'l.-.ted my. If to .'■•hows that he had never heard anvthin.r o 1. 1, ^"^f/''at M. laion was wntn.o^ to the King voyage was the ..t e.ibrt su:e:s;;;iy:;ad:;::;:;;T;;,dsln^i,;; "" "''" '-'-' ^"- ^^-^^ origi.2Vd;:Z::^T::;::';:^^ ^'^^^ ^-^" ^^ ^'- King, that those countries were .othe^;S— ^^^^^ M. An.rn,,,0.n.r.l^yi Talon says that he directed St. Simon to take ....v, ,,._,.„. ,; ,, already!;' irirm:;;^;L:n,::u^ ':;:f' 'T'" "t"^^'"-''^ ""^^- ^^•'- '^^--'- the elai.n then n.ade as to i^lt Il^io ." ^^ ^^'l ^'T^' m.T''"'' t' ^1^^^''^'^^" presented a petition to (^.eeu Anne, iu whieh they set C it \^ ' Jt 7 ^ "^' "''^"'^' between the two kin -doms in Ifiso .,,.1 W '. ' -^ '" ' " 7' ^iMt tlie I' ■ eiieh, m time ol perfect pence 1. .n.ed their lKn.es, and :;;,,;,;"",;^; !"^':;''"' '''^' ^;'""!-">-''^ *-•>•-•'•!- -vt Fort Nelson '« ^-'l-n- lay It is not my intention to take ui. the time of tI,o A.-bUmf • c ■ discoveries. A series of then, will he foum vt^a ^ tTZ^t^fT'''' 'r '"'f^' voyages are tho.se of Sebastian Cabot in 1.^17 • S ,■ V,„.,i„ F l'- / *.'"' /.^:'"">'"" ^-'^se. The lii icci the™ ;:::;. f,t :; ■";;:"',;;:"•■" ''"'",''';"■ ""^ ■""--'.v-.i™.,..! ,„■ ...e i.,„vi„c., 1.0 sot tl,c.ro and rc4uv,Il " , | ' il '"" '"'"'« ■"■"»■" "-l-"' l"- <«»»-„,• „■„., „,„l !,„„ thai ti,„ ,„,j„„, „.„, z:;.' i'.;r "°' '""■ '"" ''■""' "^j-"" ■'"■'■*■■»"' »>■ «".i- rejecS '"""""'■''■'■"'"'-^■»- '^ ''"T *te ». The ,K,e,„„o,„ „„,.,, ..,„ „,., „,„,, „,„j„, „,,3 Dos Gra,,.||i;.„., „,„ i„ r.„,„|„., i„ ,„„j ^^j ^ ™p.™,«,,.io.v„u,„,«t„ got .„o,v„»t, ,„ „3i»t ;„ ,oao„i4 „"„ H,:^."!;^; I,'"';;; :'::'„;.", .Iiiivr S.r. II. Tin Arl.,!,,ilvi,i. \r/iiiiiiMit "f .Ml. Miic. .M.ili..i>,i,i,C., (■:l •.„,„,.!(,„. tlif I iiiiiiin- i'Mi III fori' till. Arliitratiirs, -11(1 .Vnyuat, isra. iloiM Al'I'KVIil i. H.r. 11. n. AlWllJMMlt ■ 'f Ml. :M;l,.. M ill 'ii,<..>.('., '!((■(. iM» lf,)r till ItiMllill- i"iili-f.„Mtli.' Ai'liiti-.it.irx, ~ni\ Auifiist, lars. .S2 ^ t -'I o I... Mr,t.,I. An.|.n..sHi]or „t tl„. Court „f funs, who a,h i..,| l,i,„ „, ,,., ,., ,..,„, |t,, ,, , 1 r :. r: • ■'■ V "";' "r"^""' ^^"'' '''"'^"'' ^^''" ^^""^ •'"- "•"' '-'^ ^--t Hn,;..,t i,/,;s7 iLi'ubn. ^^'' "■'■^' " """"'"•'■ ^''^ ^""''^'' ^^•'■'•- *''-^^' '"'''' - ^^' ''i— T an.l It i.sstauil in Mr. .Mills' l,o„k caul not .liniol) that us 1,,,,:^ as tl,,. Kn.Wish wmv „ot tlu-n. tl,.- C^. nuo. ,/<,. /....who wont ,r.to th. co.u.try son. lun.-lr:.] nul.s, ,},... was no pn.ton.v. of tl "F.vnrh haun, ponetratcd ,nto tlu- interior. But a.s soon as the Kn.li.h conMnen.v.l o cupvim. th M ,1 u t,'^.. ::;:;'''';:''??• '''^" '"•^" ^^''" "-'• "'^-^^'-' ^'-^ ^t.,. to..cure,atEi,Mson' n.;i ' ;' "'" '^'', ""■" ""^■'•^•'■I'^'"^' '''!"• ~i- are full of statenw.nts as to the G n a 1 r"'' ""■ '"■•^"''' •^-•"'■"•"""t i" (^nnaila. It i.s .stated that the Oovernors- :.:; 1 : h:,:;:::^;;:^ ':;:?" ^^ '"■^" 't""- t''*' '^"'' ^''^^ "-- --pteertiin'favo„reJin„iv-.iua,s emissaries ^"(^"l ^TT" "' ''^"I''^ '^"^^^■'' *'-"-'^'- ^'-^they were perseiute.l l,v the whlh vo ^ 7 I "•vent..! (ro,„ .o.ni, into the interior of the country, and eutti, (f the trade moi^rioti^Su:;;;';;:;;:::^^''^''"^ ^^ -~y'o sii ti.. Hnd':rB:::;r::::r.:'::::;;:;^ Ivrril-i-v tl,,.' k-i„„ f l." ■''" '^*="-'' '|ii™tioii ivliicli ought l„ l,c .IrtciTiimc.l—wlMt .■xb'nt of c:^ :4-ww : It"?:;.!::;:^?*;' 'v^' i""'r"" "■" "-^ •'•■ ™-"-'i»'-™« •■< .>» " .1. «at.,eA.v tl,e »t„.„. oXstt H IW C :: "jl,"" T"" ™'f -' " '"« "■''°'" "■ will b. .pparoot that tl,. IIu.l.,,.'. B„v Co«™, J a ,, t c ,N I ,• '' ' ""'' " """' """' " tl,o whole of tl,.« lo,„l, 1 -Jon-eJ t,. E^.-lan, V^,, , "''t, '""'■•'■"""■■>' "■">' 'l.i...ins that » countr,-, with „ vio„ ,„ ^-ttl^ there itik „ "v ■'' " ' '.' *""'° " "»""" '''"' ?»«=-»" "f 40 rive, etc." ■ "'■' P™"'"" "' '"■■'T'W.iS induJeJ in it, a, lan.l,, |„ke., wie.,.ee„„e, a„.l elearoL, 0.::^;^?: li ''Z,:! trZ- tti i '1'" r'";"T '■"■' ""° opinion ailvancod in the lbicuoin:iy ('(111 I puny, inpi'it in l(;(;7 It (iillnin. S(i ilisi'ovt'ry and not tllOff, till! '|(ino l)ctwcuii Ji'ptiun of the 10 lit' the Fn-nch tli(.' HuiLson's had I'ornu'i-ly !, nt Itudsdn'.s t'nt.H as to tiie le Oovcrnors- jfettinj; pos- :!din(Iividual,s •cutiMl l)y the nd thus the 20 off till' tiude ticipate in if 1 send tliese If,' fort.^ upon lilt fxtcnt of ■(.•rits of that y, pos.si's.sion ■ "'" "'■* "^ ^ '-.v Httaeliing to s„eh ,li. e ..tv i . I ' '""" , '^ "" '"•''"'^'•'" '^ •'"I""'"' ' '•""" '^ must he a'^li«I.tatt.nth.nto,h,.snhi,;.twl d,«^^^^^ '-t H«.ict th,. right.: of an IvnL ■ u W , ' "r'"''? ''^''''''^•••- '•I'" l"^^-- "unll I,., to re- 10 Hpot on which its ,r,,ops or s,. h ,„ .t ''rT^'"'"' ","' ,""^ '"'^^"^^''■" '"' '^ ""■•^' «""""-v to the Powers who made .lis ov,.,: ::,:;. ^ '"'''"": ^\'-''. '- 1-" totally ,lisclaimed hy all the 2ad ed.. vol. I. pp. ,77..S.O.) ' I'o^.v.ssmns ,n Amenea' " . l>hilliu,u,e's international Law, ..htl :iL:;:;r ,t;^:'tt;,r::::;;: :::-- - - -. ^.i ,.. ...„.„ .„,,„, ,, with the Tr,.atv ,,r Kvswiek H -^P"^ '" ^^l i' h t.oops ,,r .s,.til, n,-nL nst...], !„.c.aus., i„ ,l„,ili,K, alter that trea^- i iv rt, ..lir;:;';;", '"^ ';;";' '"'^:";':'"' ;•'- "" -'-'' -- '"^t to thi. Kn S I..--ion ; thai is, th,. t.nij V . i: ^rj^'^V''' ^ "'' '•''■' '"'^ '"' '''^' ""■" '" ^''- —.Is show, I do not think that th.. T, ty ., v i T 1 "f-'^' '"T ' "■"""'^''' '^^ ' ^^■"' "'■'"'- case. At pag. 22:i in the dis,u...io„ , t ()•,.'. "';^"'!::" •"' ''" '''"^' *''" ''-^"-i"" "'^ '!"« 2U antecedent to the Treaty of ( Tt^T t wis 'v^' T \ ' '^'^^^y^^'^- the neg„tiation« territori,. of H,„l.o„'s Hay, that M. Fro.,t;.n ,e \ 'n G iv!!'!;'" ' n -"'''; "" , ''I" "'" ^''''''''' ''''" ^" *''° ten,le,l injury ,loue to F ,tne.. hy Uie s Z'^'''''''' ''''''''''"''•"''''"'' ''^^ bottom of Hm !..„•, H,,, ,„., niad.'m. ^„; '""'""r T r'"'"' ''"""- ""' '"'"'""^ ^ort.;, the tin.,.." ,An,h.rsons Hi; „y , "c ,n Ti) ir-o'" 'V ^ '•'^'?' ^" ^'^^ "^^>- ^'H long aft-r that words, tiio title whieh .lii.d.., ,:..., tu. i ^ ^' '""" .'" ''" '"'' "" " ''"' ' ^ '" ""'- virtue of the charter itself.'' ' T - t : w at^ ?: Xr V'"'^''' "' ''^^^^ "' """ J"''^'^'' ^-- ''7 be controy.rte,l-,hat as re,Mr,ls the t 'e at ' ^ ,""" ''•' l»'"l'"^'tion which he ,says cannot .. Brit.h crown by ....:„ :.^:,::;:; i;-;: ':^ :,:: er,';;;:;r;;l-t;,! :^::- :3'- "^ .TofNT Api'liMltx, s. ■."11. r/ir ArLitriitiiin, Vrituiiii'iit ,,f Mr. .\tiio- .M.i!„'ii,V-''., ,'f t'iiiiii«i.lfiir th,' lii.niiii- i,.ii,l,i'r,r.. till. ArliitriitiiTK, -ml /ViijfUiit, isrH. u,; eoau-overieii— mat as rei'in s till. Hfl,. ,.v,,nf 11 .1 1 . ' ' '"■"-'■ "'-^aN s cannot the British Crown by virti^^f Hi ha . 7 ' '^ ''"'.'"'• " "'" ^'""' '^^'^''-^ ■'^'-' ^"'^I'^cts of last h-w year, it mu't he i..o,l a ,J ^ , . p l- ^" '''1 l'! "'•^"" "' ^^'"'^ ''^ '^^^'^ 1'^-^ -iUiin the Oagdnst.Ither nations rest^lu.^^^^^^ o, Outan,,, ,|„ .mtinues: - J3ut its vali,litv at the time of .heir settlement w I i ' ^^'f ^ "'^^ '''-"^--' ''.V Bi'itish subjects, and ami in r..spect to any specia Ida m t' ' ^ V " T'^ '' " '■ '^"""" ^""•"^'=^" ^''•''-■' '"' ^^^'te; wasm.ifu,,yu,^dUinst'z;.r:.:;::;i^r:ft~^^^^^ w.:tatt.npt.. :::;;:;;;;-; 'ri-:^ 40 1 ' ■ "■"^ '"■•■">• "•■<■ <>i iiv my leaniel friem wa.s notatteniptijil to bee )iitroviMf.,.,l l.v- H, . I,',. -1: 1 ..i •■• , '' """" '"'■"'■' 'yrn/un Mr. Mills,atpa,e 1.S2 othi,,t J •• I ';"'"?'"" '^' "'■' "'" ' "'' '■'"-' "•■'^^"" -'i'^i-lty. Company had e:tablished: .t^^is ^:,;i f^^^" T ' '' '':,^"^'^^" '<"' ''^^ '— ^ "- Hu Isons B^ the Bay, they couhl rightfully cl.r tlu !, t^^:^' Z ''b; ti:;'':;if ''' rr f ■? •""^^^^' '''" ].retension of this kin,l was i,„t Ibru-,,- 1 1 fi r' ■. ,""'''' ^'> tli..>e lucrs an,l their tributara's. A iiscve^ of the .:olu 1 : ; : ; «; -u Ur ':" ' ut r^^ '' ''' ''y- '' '''-'""' •"■^'^"- ^' ^"" Great Britain. No suclM.de s ilf.h ■; '' ^"^'' "^'"•^'^'^' r"I»"'»^te.l at the time by recogni... by internatii; t ^r f 'g; ,^b:;; l^^ :■: ^^ S'^^r' 'T"" ^""' ^'^ ' ™''^ "' "^-- ^ What was stated by Twiss and ul rit i \ ','"'* *''"'" "'''^ 1'^"^ ^'''''''''^ ^y ■^'^•- ^liH^. SirTraversTwiss ^iL tot 1^. O^ \^^^ ''"' ^^ "''^""''^^ ""^ ''''""• --'l-ations consiilered her right o " ^"T Tt'"' 1 ''''''' '''' ^'^^^^ ''"' " ' ''•^'^^^ 1^''^^'" ™ establishedfactori;south"l'^:"f " Bi of ^rf' "'" ^ "^J "'"" ''^' '''''' '' '""' '--"^ A.r tide hy discover,, cv,4,L 1 . / ^ ^ V'"/ '■/" T"" ^^'""'''^ '^^ '"'^'- ' ^ ttlement,6,V ^,p>l 00 puis i, and it is tiu,; mHwo ; i^^r;i 'hr 'If '""'" ^'" ='■""' "^' '" ^'"^'' ^^'^-- thatlhavealrea,ly ^a,l. ^i: ^^ " drist;:": t^d ?;:: :r.^; ''^inmoreinthe imitation co,u..d by a...t B.t.. aud the Uulted States; and i. fully al^e t d t 'b/xS Id'rLilu: ^ '' 84 In rH-.,i v„v (,„ tl„. rni.Ml,. .lUun^-o, niv \-ivwA fnm 1 .|tiot..,| tV-.m Twis^ I H. At I7:ian.l 177 r^i.ar.aUnhh,s,„i,ni..ti.t«nc.inr.,uMr,t,!.i.v,.Ttonit...^ If., say.: "A^ain, iu th. o.vs. „f ^ r.v^rllM.laM,;...f-^■lM.^^,r,MlHs^H..l^yr,nM-.uu^Sul■.,t^■[m■su.lpUo,,.,t•|.lw i., that fcho Tlmhw^ "•••'".l-';iiann,.|,w.l„. i.m'.,aU..m,„la. v : mm.v riv, n a.,-, i,. tl ,s,. ot tim contnnnin.u. suto. .J." -'-r''- un!..s.a.!u.uw|..l,,.ai.^^ „tl„.rwi„., or ,.n.nil,..,| f..r l.y n,„ .,C tl,.. ,,;,.,i.l I llu. ;,..,. ,Ml |.,v,sM,.,pt.„.M, ..Ih,.,.v.s L.m'.I St„w.-ll (i„ tl.- Tw... ( MmH.rl.rs, ;[ lf..l.„ p. ::;)!)), '.vrtuinlv' r.1. ..v,.i., ...,i^,|,K ,i„,| ,|„, till,, is ,niitt..r tn Im t.Ntal.li-li,.,| „„ tli.. part of .fi>ivr Al'l-KNIiH. K.- II. AfliitmHnn. AnriiliU'rit "f Mr, M:,,- M.ili !,'.<'., . , 'lliriTl""',!'''^ ''^'■"'"* •"*'''""-■>' ••'-^'•I'li'^t *Mp!i .'\clii ,;v.. r,:£S'' """" ';'"i;"'"^ " ■!>■;■ it. in tiM. .a nmni.a- a, all oMkt .Lanaruln .wo to L. .ul.tanti.Ucd; u'd 'iu'^uid •-'"■lAuKu^t ''"I " ''"t ••■viiI'lH-i-. "^ ■• A t.t!.. l.y .•on.i,.^uily a, i,.tav,..a. .•n,,,, , o.i.uaH Mat,.. wn„l,l ,l,„s ,,,,,"«.• t- 1.- a rociprornl till.. ; 10 ca,,n.t I... a.h„,„.„.l l,y „„,. puitv, ,.x,.,.,,tiM,' a, a priiu-iplo wl.i.-l, sanctions a com-spor.lin.^ n.r|,t in tlM. otluT II,. pnu.t.,v is in anva.iao.v ^^itl, tl,i.. Thus, the Fnit,.! States uF Araeriea, in its .ns.MH- « on w.tl. Span. ,v>p„c.tn,. ,h.. w-st,,., l.a.n.hny of l.oaisiana, e.a.ten.l.vl that • ^^^u^u.^■.v uur K„r„p,.aa nat on nmhes a ,l>seov..ry, an,l tak,.s p„ss,.s,si„n of any portion of that .■onti„,.nt ^ /. ,• , of Ani-riea an,! another altoruanis ,|o,.s tl... sa a, li.ane,. f,„ „ i,, wlaav tho n.iarv l.lu n th' In i: n!; '■•■mnnu.l .>thepnn,apleah,.v..n>,.ntio„,.,l /....aetiml possession of the sea eoa^.J, the n,i,l,lh. ,lis,ance l>eeon,es sueh a eours,..' |;r,tish anJ Forrio-n Stat.- l'ap,.,s, l,Si7-|,H, p. :\iH.) rea.hhi'r;il"r/> ''T '"^7 '""""'"" "^ """ "'' "'"^'' '*" *'"^^ ^''" ''""^''"" "^ ■"'''"" ''i^^'"'"'". '"• I n ; ' ' 7 ''>■;:"."""■'•.'•"""•• ••'^"""^' — i" M-'^.ion at all ; hveanse, an .t.n.le,! l.y the . Stat,, an .vat Ihata-n n. tie- .lis,.n.i„n of this , ,i th-v have always elain.e.l. J\ the £0 all • ' '"'"n '"■ ™ •■'■•' '• ^'"'^ ^'"' ""•'■''•"•'"' '''^''^^ -^•-"'-' t" tl.e height of lan.l n ; h :h,; ;;: .;' '"';■" '"" '" ""■ •: -' - ^^-^ - -••'>• - '7''>'. •-r.-e ti: Treaty of 1 tn , ht tl,o I n.lson s Lay ( onipany wmv , lainiin,. on the .a^t an-l sonth, the very line that ran IVom '..nnnetons islan.l ,lown thna,,!, i,ak,. Mis i, , X,,,,, jt „,.,,,,, ,, J, ^, ,,,„ ^, , ^ ^..nt„.,l,,K.r..nta^.eets. Ti„. (1,a,„.r will 1„. fo,.n,l in Ontario i>oenm,.nts, ,U,i, W ,U ^ Km, .rant to the .In.lsons l.ay Canpany under the nan..,- of ilnp-rfs Lan.l . First is l-r. :;:;;,."':,:;;;;:':;""; •' " '- -"-• 't ''''•'■ '■•---''•^--". Then ti. c:::i t c.tate.ltlH ai.s„lni.Mu ,is an.l propn-tors of the sa„„. t-aritory. li.nits, an,l phuvs ete .te in' free an,l connn,.n soea.., w.th , vr to ...vet eoio„i,.s nn-l plantati.-ns etc. S„ that ,..re . .s a i,,' .u " Koyerna.ent cr..at...l l.y the charter. V.a; uill s,.,. l,y ,,,„,„, „.at the C'on.panv 1 u ' ^ ,0 £:;iM:;:t:,;:'''::,r;';::f!.n:;,;:';:::^ — ^-^ ^--^ > ---'•'*- '::^^ - r^;.s.ryt:.conl.,.atinr..h.;.:^ Tv.X:;:T ;, ; '7'^'.""^-^''^.^;-'-^ ^'-^ tl... l,o,.n,,a.i.s n,i,ht have l,e..n ,in.U..,l l^- ; ^^ le. ,H.t the charter v...,l l.,.can-e .t pn,.p.,rls to..o,.f.... ,.,,.,, th,. I'on.panv exclusive p.iv.l..,.. o t .a.le B.,4!;:,:::,;?:::; t:::ri!::;:,:„;' >;..:';;::,:r::-.«j;t ^^r";,.r"7 "-" "•" . l7:Jun.I 177, till' eiiM' I if a ; tlioTliiiKvi'jf, U ■'^tlltt''', Ctiiii- i tile pariiiM, !W), 'fi'rtnitily, I till' pint cif liy iliiir mid (•iimMfil title ; 10 liii;.' ri^'lit ill ill its (lix'iiH- iiM' I'luriiiifiiri ^iiii'rii'd , mill I llirin is licit iliili' ilistaiiL'i! ' ilistanci', or ndcd liy tlit> iiit.'d, 1111(1 tlic ;0 'ij,'lit of land lie Treaty of lat ran IVorii f ( 'iiiii|iaii_v'n !lHt iliii'S tlio gnintt'il tl.c Diiiliany aro etc. in tVeu I)io|irietarv lie (),)\ver to SO lit (lllj^llt to se it will he ieiicral says ly the Act nn in 1804, IS of trade, rii,'Iit of tlie ,' aiioiit tlio liecaiiHu it l; could not 40 nnd Lord 'o opinions 1 no ri"Iit nii;.dit lie n could 1)0 lie alilo to extending after tiie I iw officers Company oO 85 s:^ri;i-;;:::^;:;zJ;:l:rr;ir::;;::;--;:;;;:-™:i:--::':^ •" »'"" -» ' " iNw 1 i., 111.. ,„.,, i» ,,.. ,„,.„', „,i „-;„,!., ,1,,';,; "'■''' "• ■"■ """' "■""-■i"." ay .I.,,,;,,. »,„.,■,■,...„ -|.:„,i, ti„,„ ii„,i u,,.,- .,.,x. ™ii„i „|,„„ ,„ „i,,, a„.-„. ,, ;,„ „, , liiivo extL'InIi-.! llii'if 1. Ijuivs. Mil. ini wi|,|nni to 20 .Vr. J/.cJ/./.., They were deterniined to , hiiiii enouidi, like mv learned friend the Attorney. 0. era!, who starte out with chuniin, th. line of the Uocky Mountains, They luniished t^h "" i n, to,he,r.rantois; they were lurnishiu,, that eiaiiii ,o the ( 'row.,, an.l it was ,sul,,.itted to t li 'Z o^i... wo ,ave lu. opinion ni regard to i, ami that opinion I have had cpied in tho ) In W atiw.L'-'M) -'OO.) It was ..ven l.y Sir Jolin Jeryis and S.r.lol.n Ro,. illy ' ,,>ho,.i one 1.1.01^ H f Ju,s ice of the -onnnon I'le.s, and tlie otlie- Master of tiie i;„||s, ,„ ,har opinioi. wl.iel. is r Ir ■ e. to Karl (.i-ey. they say :-- In oiiodieiice to your Lordship's eomniand, we hje tak ■» theseU "^ consideration, and have the honour to iviiort that haviin' re-ird to t)>.. ,. „■ • . ' ' ' trade taxation and .o..r. nt ciai !, the ..idso:^,;:?::;,.; ::;;. "^x: z^::!::^ ::z::^t your Lordship hy tlie chainnan of that foi uiy, we are of opini.li. that the rights so c ai i ^ ^ 30 Co npany do properly l.lon,. to tlu'iii, l^pon tliis suKJeet we entertain no douht " The C i is i^.i, dovvn,m «o(^. to he llou-e of o,i,n.„ns.,n a return tliei, ordered.and which show the correspondence whK'l, ook place letucen Mr. Isl.i.ter, who was representing those who felt then.selyes Z^^Z^:^ do n,;t know wh.-ther r..pre.sentin- a (ioverniiient or private parlies, ^a"*'^*-'^ » Cku-f Jaslirr //.n.;.>,.:-lle was not actin. for any (ioverninent^he wa acti... as an individual Mr. MarM.hon H, was actin.i^ for some pe.iple who ciann to have riirhts in the Hudson's Bay • and the correspondence took place in respect t„ the charter, the extent o"f territory tl-trfe' taxation and government, as .'laiined by tiic Hud.sons Hay Company, ' 40 H f ''f l"'",'"'^ 7'Ao.„^o«-I .should sxapposc that Mr. Ishister represented the people in As.siniboia- 40 the dissatished people in the Red Kiyer Settlement. 11'" .issiniDoia— CVdef Justice Harrison-Y.. ■ certainly he did not represent any Governinent. He was one of the tirst to rouse public opinion about the nmnopoly, both here and in England. Mv. ^rar^f,,/>n,-l .showed the letters and papers attached to the map to the Attorn-y-deneral but wo concluded hat it was not neces.sary to have them printed, as part of them appear in tl e t^iHo Documents. Ihe letter 1 will now read is addressed to Mr. isbistei. dated April ii, IS"" tl w found at pages 12 and U of the Hudson's li.y C-mpunys Documents : " DdWMNfi Strket, April no, isr,o " Sir,- In answer to your letter of the Ifith of this month. I am directed by Earl Grey to sfite to jou, with a. much distinctness a.s possible. «ince there appears to have been .ome n.isundc'stunding on .'niNT Aii'Kwriix, Hiv. II. 1% Arhth'itfinn. .\ri,'iiiiii lit iif .Mr. .Mtti-. Miilniii, (,!.('., —I that those who arc It a„,l to a s,st as tar as they n.ay lawfully do in havi,,,. the question so rai.sed luou.d.t to a le.^.l de ernunat,on. (0 Hut the expense of the steps neeessary fol- this purpose nu.st be"^ true by tT S^Fp;;;; ;:"•''"'' ^ -d if „one„rtlu,s. who have brought ulel,; the notiee of Lo^l G,.v a^,d oi 1 a,l an.ent, the.r ..xe..pt,o„s to the jurisdietion and power ehu.ned by th. t'o.npany are -willi .^^ .0 ^ ,eur sueh expense. Her AL^iosty's Governn.ent nu.st c .nsid-r that there L no Inr h 7;^ wf .t.s:n^tl.en power to adopt tor the purpose of aseertainin, the legal validity of the claims of the Now, here was the liritish Government being advised by their own l-nl ndv-i .a,, fi , they nu-ght take in order to test the territorial rights (which I s n , i J ,''''' ??' "^" thing that nnght go b.fore the Privy ...uneil) w.mld i in:Hl t2 t , ^ ^ ^i^;:^ ^T who was H.oving cither on behalf of hin^self or .son.ebody interest d wa t 1 ^ ,V t P^^ Z would not a.u"ee,ssary to repeat, they re.spect- the n.ost efleetual n.eans open tJduou;^ ':;,"" "'':" "' """ '^'^*'^^^^'^ C^-ennnent, ad-^d in the absence of any partL ,..,^1 r:;!:;! "h,^'::;:::^ b t T'''^ 'l ^'^''" ''"'^^'^■ opunon of the law odieers of the Crown in their favoo. ..,T,„ vv ■ . i" 7 ^';'"1""'-^- ^^ '^-""'« tHo .. Coioniul MiuLster. and he, on behalf of Her Maiestv s r . '"""""'• ^'"'i (^''O- at that time was ' Majesty. Government. wa.s. obliged to assume that the 87 opinio,, oftl.o law officer. ,,f tho Orovvn in favour of tl,o Hu.ls.ms Hay Company was -.veil fotnulo-l, and ll.r Majosty s (,ov,.rn,nc..t refused to in(erfero any further with it, a. thev we"re perfectly ri.rht in doing. - ' J B Vhivf Judire //anv:.-o)(— These .p.estions, liosvcver, were all iiweitions as to certain ri-hts more tliaii ijiie.stions as to boundary. " Mr. MavMaliun—'nMi trade, taxation and territory w.-re all inelu.Ied. Chief Justice Ifarrh„u-But the ,,ue.ti„n as to the boundary really never came up, because the persons who Were then attaekin.t,. the Hudson's B,.,y Con.pany said that the Con.pany had no ri^dit to any part of the territory. If the question of boundary had come up, they n.u.st have looked at the 1" t^uebec Aet and to these other Acts. But the .luestion then was not a cp.estion of boundary at all ■ it wa.s a (juestion of whetlier the Company liad any rii;hts. Mr. MacMahon-Thvj were claiming certain rights, and a certain territory as bein-r incident to or connected with tho.se riglits. The whole went together. Chief Judice Ilarrhon—TlwK was no opini.jn fr.mi the law officers of the Crown as to the boundary. T ,5^'' f ""•^^"^"^"— T'"^ Company claimed those boundaries ; their own position supplie.l boundaries In 18.,7 the very same question came before Sir Richard Bethel!, and, as reference has ben made to U,e .bscmguished lawyers who gave opinions on the other side, I may say that I presume Sir Richard Bethe Is opiiuon as Attorney-Genera! would be authority as high as coul.l bo got from any souree in 20 regard to what was cover(!d by the charter. _ Sir Edwird Thornton — i do not see that there ran be the least doubt that the complaints made in IS..() were from Winnipeg, from the same people who were dissatisfied for a great number of vears with the Hudson's Bay Company. Mr. MacMuhnn—nw question as to territory, as to that po-- ., of territory at least, must have got before the la\v officers of the Crown in .some way. Chief Justice IIarri,on~Those people at Red River said the Hudson'.s Bay Company had no rights in any part of this territory, and the law officers were against them. Mr. MacMahon—Wc have not the petition [.resented to the House of Commons but if Mr Lsbisler was acting on behalf of those who were known as the Red River settlers, and if he was their" dO representative, then as far as regards the territory that they were disputing, as bein- controlle.l by the Hudson's Bay Company, when they had no right to control it at that time, that must have been a question the law officers considered, and in regard to which they gave an opinion. Chief Justice Harrison-The Attorney-General, for the sake of this argument, admits that Mie Hudson'.s Bay Company had some rights, but that as a matter of boundary they did not exten.l to certain points. Mr. MucMahan—The (juestion of boundary must have been considered in regard to that territory as to whether the Hudson's Bay Company were exorcising rights outside of the boundaries that th, v were entitled to under the charter. Ghief-Jmtice JJarrlaon—The case was not put on that ground ; the higher ground was taken that 40 the Company had no right tliere at all. ^ Sir I'Jdward Thornton— U 1 am not mistaken, the territory of Assiniboia was granted to the Earl of Selkirk. It is nuirked upon this map as the territory of Assiniboia. Mr. MacMn,(;.C., of Coiiini'l for the Doiiiin- ion,ht'f(iro the Arliitrotnrs, 2nd Aufjmst, 1878. 88 Joint ArPBNDIX. Sec. II. The Arbitration, Mr. MdcMdhon — Yes. When Chief Jiistic(> Draper went to Englainl n.s the fti,'ent of Canada, the whole matter as to the rights of tlie Cotiipany was supposeii to luive received very close attention liy the lionie authorities, and the strongest po.ssihie arguments were adduced liy the agent of the Province in order to curtail the rights of the llnd.son's \k\y Company, territorially; and at that tiir.c the law officers of the Crown, Sir Rich.ard liethell and Si)licitor-{i"neral Keating, wen- asked for an opinion ; the whole of which is in Ontario Documents, 200, 201. In that opinion they ,say, — " That the validity and construction of the Hudson's Bay (Company's chartefr cannot he considered apart from the enjo\-- ment which has been had under it duii.ig nearly two centuries, and the recognition made of tlie rights of the Company in various Acts, both of the ()i)vein'nent and the Legislature." In their .statement of rights the Hudson's Bay Comp.my s ly, in iSoO— 'It may he right here to mentiun that although the 10 original title to the territory and trade in qnestion was derived under the charter above rcd'erred to the rights of the Company have, in various in.stances, received the recognition of the Legislature." Chtef Junfice ILir ri mm ~- J uai confirming what 1 said ; the whole dispute was as to the ri'^hts of the Company, not the boundary. ^ Mr. MucMahon—lLhcy also say,—" It may b • right here to refer to several Acts of the Legislature which have recognized the general rights and privileges claimeil anoinin- ion before the Arbitrators, continued, 3rd August, 1878. A , •, . ■/-.,„ Saturday, August ;kd, 1878. Arbitrators and Counsel all present. Chief JiLstice Harrimjn-BvioK the argument is proceeded with, I wouhl state, without havincr any desire whatever to unduly iuirry tlie argument, that if there is anv probability of il.s bein" C'.nclude of the argument, I wish to refer to that matter of Radisson nn-l Des Grosellieres. ^'in the printed Ca.se 40 the word ■• chimerical" is u.sed to express the way in whi. h the merchants oC Quebec looked upon the statenu.nt of these men. My learned friend the Attorney-General sai.l th;,t that was a statement of Mr. MacMahoiLs. 1 cl.ought that th.at statement would he found in Mr. Mills' book, but I .see that I was mistaken m that; the statement is to be found in Harris' Travels, page 28ti, vol. 2 (reads the passage), so that it was not a statement of my own. m Attoraey-Gcncral-The authority is then less than that of my learncl friend himself would bo Mr. MacMa/ion—Kot at all. Chief Justice ffarriaon—Thti difference is that Harris is not an advocate. MrMMon-HaruB is about the best authority that we could get for the statement ; his work 50 was published 111 1700. > " •» ou su if C'anaila, th(t : attuntioii by the Province time tlic law r an opinion ; at the validity )ni the «njoy- ' of tlu! vi'^'lits r statement of altlioni^fh the 10 >vo rciferred to ;i.slature." I the rights of le Legislature npany :— I Act for tJie bhat ' nothing ites, rights or ilson's Bay." 20 a rewnrd for that nothing xtes, rigiits or Iloinpany was y endeavours itetl it by not r rights and ig the reigns .iiat tht;y had 30 [udsou's Bay •d, 187«. thout liavintr of its being lis afternoon. gular course printed Case 40 ed upon the statement of [ see that 1 2 (reads tiie elf would be t ; his work 50 afterv I was referring tlie Arbitrators last ■ards L'lrd Wc.tbiiiy, and Sir lienry S. Kcatiu'r, dd evening to tli" o[)iiii.iii deliver.'d by Sir Richard ]]■■']) IVe It will be remembered that at the time tlio whole evidence, and ad tl togetlior in regard to tli therefore tiiu law oflii 'u quesr/ion, had bo n submitted to tlie Committee of the li in 1^57 (Ontario ]).H:ts., '2()()-l). 10 cnrrespondence that could lie git iiise of C^iniiiiiin-i, and cers of the Crown were fully advised of everything that could he brotiglit tf .IcM.Nf Stc. ir. The Afliitni'ion, upon the subject; and I may say hei'e, as the mat yesterday, that although, perhaps, th(! .|uestii'n of tin le, nor in lS,"iO, still tlie question of boiui opini(ms was given, so that the law oilic er was referred to by the Hon. Chief Justice not come up as a s(pi:ire issue .'it that iioiniilarv iln uuist have arisen iaeidmitaUy when each of th 10 the question of boun(hiry, and Lliey couli no<- . '(jid deali A'own at that tnw wc leahng HICK lentall ith beg leave to state, in an> we I to tl: now with justice raise the iiuestion of tl mg with It m somi/ way. They say : — ■ We e ([Uest'ons su.'.viitted^to us, that in our opiinim the Ci-own could not ral validity of the charter; but that, on every lega necessarily incidental thereto principle, the Company's territorial ownershii) ui tlu; lands and the rights (as, for example, the right of e>:cbiding from thidr t.Tritory persons actitig in violation of their regulations) ought to be deemed to bt; valid." They likewise say,—" Nothing could be more unjust, or more opposed to the spirit of .mr lav, t;hat, to try this charter as a thing of yesterday, upon principles which might be deemed applicable to it if in had been granted within the last ten or twenty years." in another part of the opinion they say : "The remaining subject for consideration is the question of the goograplucal extent of the territory ..ranted 20 by the charter, and whether its boundaries can in any ami what manner bo ascertained." " That is the question they were -liscussing. " In the case of grants of considerable age, such as tlie charter, when the words, as is often the case, are indelinite or ambiguous, the rule is that they are construe.l by usage and enjoyment, including iu these latter terms the assertion of owneiship by the Conijiany on important jmblic occasions, sueh as the Treaties of Ryswick and Utrecht, and agaiii in 1 Trill," fhey refer t.i these three diflerent periods (vs points of time, in ord. r to ascertain what (.ught to be the boundaries allowed to the Hudson's Bay Company in 1857, and .show that the enjoyment under that charter, the assertion of rights under that charter, and tlie cliunis made by virtue of"^ the charter, must and ought to be taken into consideration when dealing with the (jiiestion ; and the law officers, in giving their opinion, dealt with the subject in that view. 30 _ The T'reaty ot Kyswick I will only refer to very shortly. The Atturney-Ceneral, in his argument refeired to the forts that had W::n taken by the French, and to the ettect ot'the Treaty of ll\swick in regard to the possession of these forts, Bub although the question is somewhat discussetl at page 9 of our pruited Case, I do not think it necessary that I should elaborate it at all, because In 1857, Chief Justice Draper, acting as agent on behalf of Canada, stated what was in effect, in a very few words, his view of the Treaty of Ryswick, and it was this : " The eighth Artic'e of the Treaty of Ryswick shows that the French at that time set up a claim of right to Hudson's Bay, thon-h that claim was abandoned at the peace of Utrecht, and was never set up afterwards." (Ontario Documents at p. 240) So that at tlie iieace of Utrecht— and this is nearly the last stage in the argument— any rin-lits that the French-might or could h e had were abandoned in 1713, and atone bound we get to what wns the 4.0 position of the Government of Great I'.ritain and the Uud.son's Bay Company at that time. It is stated that at a certain time, in 1700, the Company were willing to contract their limits, and the statement is made that because of that, they were precluded at a later date from setting up that they were entitled un.ier the charter to all that the charter could give them. What do they say in 1700— about the earlii St date at which they made a claim after the Treaty of Kyswiek ? 'Thev'say, " We are willing to contract our limits; but although we am willing to do that, we are entitleil ofii.dit to the whole May and Straits of Hudson." This is like a man vlio has a suit of e'ectment, who'in order to avoid the ox()onso and trouble of a law suit, says, " I will be willing to allow you certain bounds, but if you do not accept that, I will insist on getting all my rights, and all that I am entitled to." 50 There wa^ aui.thcr stutcment made at that time to the Lords of Tra.le and Plantations, in January 1701, when the Hudson's Bay Compiny again '-insist .111 their undoubted ri..;ht to tle,> whole Bay and 12 Argument of Mr. Moo- Malion.l^C, of (^ouiiael for tlie Doiniii- io»,l)e(iirettie Artiitr:ilor8, conliiuu'il, lircl August, ls7a w \ Sti'ftils, .■111 li'it iirc vvillin;' t(. for,.,/,, tlu'ir riirlits t< si'lllciiK'nt. iiiit lould till! Fiviicl) ivfnsii the limit 11 certniii I'Xtciit, if liy tliiit s now liroposinl \>y tlio (Vjiiip niciiiiN Miin- can sue uri! a the C( Arpiiment of.Mr. .\rac- JIiih(m,i,).C. — w i .1 P ' r '"""' ""' "'"I""'"'"' ' i^l't "■ the whole Day an.l ^,ni,t.s of iltulsur ^ s n ' h i:'H 'Th' 'Tf' r^'''^^'>-'"^I'"^^-- -'>-• '" '- -"-i'-I into (as knowin ■ he w^^ fn May, 17(11), the Cuiiipany were .v,j,„,sto,l hv the Lor.js of T.n.Ie •in.I l'l.,„f.,fi,.,. ■ f i contim,«d, I do not inteu,l tu refer to the rme.fh.n f ,. f r f"«y ^^^'e claiinin- as their rights at that time. i^ «;^"--- prevent, the neces.it; If ^ur ,a^ ^ " ulnl T7 . ' T'' ^'" ^""'* ^' ^'''^^ J"«*^- ^^^per Treaty of Utrecht, allr s" o i^'l T . . '^"'f LT" ^°"' ^°"^ l^-^>"-tl.'s letter after Ihe in Onuirio Doeuni^ntH, p 1,9 He s!;;! "" ^^^"'^^^-•^' «" ^^J' ^Tth, 171 «, will be found orders n.ay properly ho Jvx'uTZ ^h ' ^ 1^ ^ -^ "^ ^' '"^ "^^^"'^ J'"'" "P"'-" -''-^ acquaint yL'thattlipLie:;\^:Zt':;r;;t::;::rM '"'^"^7'!- ^-'- --^i- lamtoaO Majesty did not think fit to receive m A " ' t"""lf 'l"^''" '" ^"''''^^' ■''"^J^-'='«> ^^^ the Hn^lish ambassadors refnsed to accent it\d h h , '"'"' '^""^'^ '^° used, while word "restore." They said ^^^CZZ;!^^:^::^^ ^^ "' f'' '''' T''' "" ''' never were there, never had a ri-^ht to be thefe and th ^S ' / "' ""'"'" *''^^ *'"' ^'"""^'^ cde ; hut that havin, taken po.^e.ssion of a p^t o i H t" ?''' "''" ''' '"' '' "'^'^ ^^ ^l^'^-^ ^^ 40 Bay Company, the word " reLre " was tL pro.ur w r i' 'T'"' '' ''"'"*' '">' *'^^ "-'-"'^ took place between the ambassadons in re'arV o t J 1 . T ' Tn T:'^ "'"^^ "*' «"--l'---'• ^everthe- the use of the word 'restoration' in.st/ad of ctlln "^ ^^ --'ce, too, ce.sented with reluctance to .^he d.d clain, in 1713, the restitution of th s l.n,; to HP ■^'". ^""""'"-"•' *» elain.. and thai says t,,t the order was re,uired, so that C ^ ! " .I^L^"? 'r" ' ''^'^''"- ^^^^ l^-'^»-th went on clanning to the very hei.d.t of land an) ." '■'^''t be placed ,n possession ; and En o-Land of that country, or prevent Uu,. l.:!.: ^S^t ::;::;t "r'^ f ""h^" ^''""''' ^'■"'' ^^^ ^^-^^ B,.y t.rr,tories. Although it is stated that S^t i".' ! 1 1'"""'^ ''^T """'' ''"'^ '^^ ^'"^ ""''--s It was in some way assumed that the bounder n fPP"mted a.s provided bv tho Treaty secned to be hupres.sed with tho id ^th "h 7.1 T: r '^'Tl '1T' '' ''" ''''' ^^''"''''- ^'-V^^-iv n the United States this was urged. Wl en tlv St t :",." """''^"-^ ''>' ""^ '^'^"^^y of Utrecht. 20 boundary of Louisiana, it was elaln.ed f^I^t L 40.^ 1 >M '" ''''''"" "" P'^'''^"^'' '^^ '« ^he northern that the United States, as the proprieto!: ;' W H' : ^u'T " ''" '"'""^ '^^ ""'-'''' ^^ territory of L.,uisiana. And i„ this co,u>trv it X\ """' "^ ^" ^'''^^ ^""'^^^^'^ ^^ the late Bishop Sirachan to Lord Selkirk,! "tLt^I tZ T^U ' "n fT ''^* "^" ^"^ '-'"» '-'» *'- way or other that seeded to be understood, ^iltt^t^.;;;:^ ^Z'^'' ''^^" ^"'"'1 "•-"• I» -me that, as wdl be fully home out hy a reference to e 1 t ^^ ^ , " "'^'^' °^ ''''^ '''^y '^^'^ ^''ow Ar^..e„t Many of these n.aps have the ^S.h parti „, n 1 " '""P' '" ^^'' ^"^'^^•'" ^^ocutuents. ^Pk' and French possessions under the TrltHf^tS *':;;;;;^ ^^'"^ ''^ 'r'^'^ between the English ^& ba that was the parallel; it was ia's, d u ^ ^v t U^ir.t f '' '^'1 '"■^'"""^^ ^* *'"^^ ^'""^ ?'---"« Intam. The Law OfHcers of the Crown in G^^at BriL "f Lt • " "" "1 '''''' ^^^ ^-^<^ -'-r' 30 w ether derived from maps or from what source 11 . '""""' *" ^''-'''^ t''^' '''ca, ^^V-s-'. ully believe,! that the 49th parallel had b en s tt.d u r^"""' '^" '''''' '^'^'''''^' '^ '^-^^ udso. s Bay Con.pany always assun.ed that tL St o hn i ' 'T-' ''' ' ^"'^'"'^^'- '"^-"^ ^1- Milchell'.s map will .show that the hei.d.t of 1 ,nd r , \ *'"" '""''"^'" ^'"niuUuy; and taken as if the 49th parallel was abou " le ^ Z to 7 , ' ''I ''''''''' ' *^"^ ^^^^^'^^ ^ -^ or n^w^ether It was ever agreed upon or L^.^i:; l^^^o^^' ^^"-''- ^^'^ ^ ^he ease 2A. ^«.rn.,-G.„.,.,,_You admit that it was not, I suppose. all und.r tho Treaty of Utr, cht ; and It was oflv when T T"^ *° """'^ ^'"^ ^'""-'--i- =^t 40 any settlement could be got. B^t it mattl ry Mh 7' """""Cf' "''''' '^" ""^ "*' '7-'^' *'-* the m.p attached to tho Donunlon Case ud ich waf f l' i T' ' "" ^''^'"'"'■^«io"crs will look at a...l t at is taken fron, the map that was t ove " G n' 1 " "" "' ''" """"'''-'^- ^'^ Q-l>-- furnished to General Haldima.t.1 by the Ma ui de Van !,' ""' '' ""^ ^'-'^''^'^ Government, clanning. She never clai.nod anvU.ing I.3 ond the^ ll" ^ t7 "" ""' '''^" "'''^^ ^-"^ -- as I. ranee w.w concerned, of claimln... 1, Canada anvt d, /. '" "'''"" '^^'^ ''"^ f"''^t°"«<^. "« far what the Manpils do Vaudreuil at tl.rt h 7^2 rir^ T "1' "' ^'^^ ''"' ^^'-' That Is •1"'' tf'« west. considucd wa^ tho boundary of Canada upon the north P^intJTu^^^^^ ^ILr ""'"' '" ''''' '"""'^ ^^ ^^'"'''' Chief Justice Harrison 02 Arpiimpnt of Jlr. .M.1 a™x. '^'"' ^^formy-Geneml-Th^ Rd Lake nf.-rrcl to l.y Mr. Ma.Mnlio,, is a little .^outl, of Turtle Lake S,.;.?!. ^'''- -'^'"■'^"/"W-Itis l„inlly soiitli; it is more wi'st tliaii soutli. I'.ut for the nnrposfs of mv __ A,t.oNKN-l„.n, ml ^^n,^h l.ys ,.|;;,n, to all that north an,! west country as 1 ,.|nnL;in- to thr Fivnch and lifM.- ,,art, (,i \cMV iMaiiu.. The n.ap .sIh.us that tl,er.. n..rr was any such claim ;' ami the en,,vs,,'ona. I'luv uMich took pi ,00 with le^anl to ihe houu.laries shows tiiat aft. r that n.ap was .leliv, reJ in ITlJl iM'ance was chinun.'. as laint,' part of Louisiana, a. la.oe yavt of ih... tenitorv that was cclecl as a ,,art 01 Lana,ia--clai,m„j; ,t as l.,-i„g part of the Illinois country. The comspon.leMe. sliows how anxious the tMvnel, (.overnuu.nt and the French A.ludnistiatinn of that day were in re^a.d to acmiirin.- the territory south, or at le;ist retaining the territory .south, a.s part of Louisiana. " 10 On the LStl. Aujru.st, 17(iL M. do Bussy, the French Minister at London, furnishe.] to IMr Pitt a n.emuran.luni upon the liniit.s of Louiniana, which bore upon the limits ,.f Canada, and ran thus: " Sur les Inuites de la Louisianc. " Pour fixer les liuiites de la Loui.siane du cott! dos colonies Angh.ises et du Canada, on tirera une i^ne qui .se tendra depui.s L'io Perdido entre la Baye .le la .Mobile et eelle de Pensacola. eii pa.ssant par le ^ort Tonl,..se Chez le. Aliba.nons, et .pn, ,se pmlougeant par la pointe occideii.ale .lu Lac Eri*^ euler„„.ralaRivHSrede,sM,a,nis,et par rextren.ito orientale du Lac Huron, ira aboutir a la hauteur des terres du cote de la Baye d'Hudson ver.s le Lac de l'Al.itil,is. d'ou la ligne sera continuJe de i'Est k I Uue.st jusques et conipris le Lac Superieur." (Pid). Rec, OIK Vol. 48.'!.) S an ey at Pans the loilowin. delinition of the boundaries of Canada, as .set forth by M. de Vaudreuil • ( anada, according to the line of its limits traced by the Mnn.uis ,le Vau.lreMlhi.u.self, when this M 1 -o-r ^°V"'"'"-^^^">^"''^' .su, rendered, by capitulation, the said Province to the British .eneral C e va ler ^^t ^^^' -"If-, on one side. Lakes Huron, Michigan and Superior ; and the «aid ^ d,^ : ^^^^ ion'-.fcth.. .^"; I^-y^-. -"l^'-es by a tortuous cour.e, the River Ouahache (Wabash) up to its junctic. uith tl" .srd August, •'"-'PI . Then on page 8 of the Supplement will be fnund what was state.I by the Due de Choiseul when the map wa.s shown to him by Mr. Stanley. Mr. Staid,,v's de.spatch .says : '< The Ice fj is^l coiuplained that the bounds of Canada were Ldd down veiy un.avol.rably to France, in I de ■ ■ n ; :;.rr' 7::"":'f' '■-*--■ ■•^'l-^i"^- ^-V^that there had been disputes between the Mar as 1^ go \ audrex> 1 and he Covernor of Louisiana m ith regard to the limits of their two Provinces whe ein t e former, being the more able an,l the m„re active, had greatly enlana.! his iuris.Iiction e^d 1 1 ho.v.ver, that tlujugh many such ol^ections might be i C, it lil been ^i.e .te^ o" hJ L:' 1 n a,ster to make the nu.t ull and complete cos.sion of Canada, and that he eon.sented in m me to "Zir Li ;! ■;;i-*::t iir-™ :-\";. ^^^ --^^ 17CL Pub. Rec. Off., Vol. 483, France ) ' Conlerence at Pans, September 2nd, So that was the Province as understood both by the French and Iv.iglish at that tin.e • an.l south westwar( nto 4!) decrrecs north bitifn.lo nw K.r fi i • ^ "^ '""^ '"" ment, and that the fort, if theie be a • s^ , , n , ' ""'' ''''''' ''"' *'" '''"' ■^"•■"'^^- Merchants trading in Hudson's nay^'re^i.!. '' "'' '" ''''''' "'^ ^'^ ''' ^'^-'l'-^' "^' ^^S^^^ .. .i K>t. found .,mem.nts u^.ou any oj ik. nucrs which empty into Had.on', Bay under Jny "^ 1S78, -iiinmfwimii if Turtle Lake irposcs of my ;uineiit of tiie ic Fi'ciiL-li, aii(i 10 (MITCNpdlnI- n-ti], ill ITOl, ilt.'d iis a part liow anxious acquiiiiijr tlie 1 to Mr. ritt a I thus: (in tircra tine jins.saiit par till Lac Eii(^ II la Iiautour t'e de I'Est k irded to Mr. 20 e VaiiJreuil : If, when this 1, Ciievalier (Jrawn from oil with tho ito the Mis- de Choi.seul, lie Ciioiseul ' description Miinpiis do go wherein the ; he added, he Kiny his lis name to ince should ■emher 2nd, time ; and In 1714, 'laiitations, 40 mniv^ from a line run ppear, and ish to tlie 1 they set the iiivor iaid settle- )f Eiiy-lish • Hhii/l not -0 ,nder any 65 pretext whatsoever a^ul that the stream and the entire navigation of the mid rivers shall he left free to wiin ineiii. (Uiitario Documents, i,. 3(j,j.) fho /'^';.^^^:""'y:«?"'^''^'l '"^^''tcd that it was merely the freedom of the rivers which was required l.v the En,hsn Commi^Moners at that time. But Lord Dartmouth, in his letter to the Lords o Trad ad Par,. Umns, appeared o be anxious in regard to tho property that ,he Hud.sons hay ( r. nly had Mr. MacMahon-Thii Commissionei's, I suppose, were instructed. The Attorney-6eneral~\Vc have their instructions. «ho„n? "'""-'^'''^ '■" f'- ^l~» they were making. They w, re insisting that the French OH a:dth:rr: r;r *"t''"^'^''"'^ ''^^ "P '^" *''^''^- -"U.nients,and not trade ofb" d tors, and that they should cease to occupy this country altogether. The deman.l will be found in Ontario Documents, j,. :)(J,5. SirTraversTwiss savs in rcMrd t^ tluv • " Hv tho loth Av Ll 1 of the Treaty of mrech, the French King agreed to restore t^ the guee^iv e ! O ^t B. ZT^ be po.sse.ssed in fu I nght forever, the Bay and Straits of Hudson, together with all kids e"' sea coasts. ri.er,s and places situate in the said liay and Strait., and which belong thereto; no ttlo^ 20 land or sea ben,g excepted which are at present possessed by the subjects of Frane ' T e only ques lon, therefore, for Commissaries to settle was the limits of the Bay and Straits of Hudsoclt wA on the side of the French Province of Canada, as all the Country drained by streams ent'inl " If the coast boun.lary. therefore, was once understood by the parties, the head waters of the St eam,s that empty themselve.s into the Bay and Straits of Hudson imlicate the line wiac-h at one sat. ed the o her conditions of the Treaty. Such a line, if commenced at the eastern extremity ot 1 Straits ot Hudson won 1 have swept along through the sources of the streams flowing into the Uk Mistassinnio an.l Abb.tibis, the llainy Lake, in 48' ^(.'. which empties itself bv the lli.iy R ler nto 30 the Lake ot the Woods, the Red Lake, and Lake Traverse." ^ • '^^'r.'T, ?,' I"'"";^' '"1 ^'' ''''■"'''" '^^''''' P'"^^-^ "" ^''^-- "S''t^ "f the Hu.lson's Bay Company «.yrng that al that extent of country to 4^ .SO', at which the sources of these rivers Z„'oi right belonged to the Hudson's Bay Company under tho Treaty, and that they could claim it and were claiinnrg it. under he Treaty of Utrecht. Now, speaking of Lake Traverso.-he says :-■' ThisTastrk would have been the extreme southern limit, in about 45= W, whence the line would hJve wound upward to the north-west pursuing a serpentine course, and restmg with its extremity upon the liockv Mountains, rn about the 48th parallel of latitude. Such would have been the bouncLy'lin betwee^ the l-rench possessions and tho Hudson's Bay district ; and so we find tiiat in the Unfits ot' Cal a ^signed by the Marquis do Vaudrouil himself, when ho surrendered tho Province to Sir J An hers the' O ba h or Wabash and along ,t to the junction with the Ohio.' This fact was insisted upon by the fm ani7""" *; • ■" """" '" '"" "^''"^*""' «' ^'■''''" -"^ - - the 1st of S'ept'nW mi and the map which was presented on that occasion by Mr. Stanley, the British Minister. embody-' ing thos hmus. was ass..nte.l to in the French memorial of the 9th of September. (Histor cal Jl. no ,a o the Negotiations of France and England from March 2(ith to S ptember 20th 1761 published at Pan. by authority ; Twi.s' Oregon Boundary, pp, 209-211.) ' lodo-"i? ''T '^T''^\f y*'7''^' *''' ^''^''^' P-sessIons to the north-west of Canada wero ...cknow- fiOtS^T '";''T'" ,' "^ ''"''" "*■ ''"^ ""^" emptying themselves into the Bay of Hudson by 60 tho Treaty of Pans they wore united to the British possessions on the Atlantic by the ceB i^n of Joint Ai'PKsmx. Sec. U. Thr Arhitnition. Arjftiment of Mr. Alac- Million. Q.C., of Counsel /or the Dniiiin- ion, before the Arliitr.itors, continued. Hrd Aueust , 1K78. M Joint Api-knuix. See. ir. Arbilrntinii, Argument of Air, JLic Tanada an.l all her deponrlonrios ; an.I France contracted hor do,„i„io„s within H,„ .• i * i , , , ^iV. whilst, the sources of V' l','"' "'f^ '"' """■•''" "'" *''^' '^li-i^Hip,,! a,v i„ 4r nonh l.til„,le ., ,, Jri J, ir h. r " "■■",'"'• ": ° """ '"'"■ '""' '""' ■'""• '''-' "■ "- «• "£ Arbitrator,, Contract the limits of Canadn «n,I f, .i • "^--i; I'lHain, in 1700. In fact, the Fnnch wanted to ^«^«- no claim of a,!, kind n,ad h - F 1 tt^ " Jnh il "^ "'.''r"^''^ ^ "'' ^''^■••" ^''^'^ "» r-^--. u^ade the clain, if it was in h^r puwe' to do so ' "''''"'''^^' ''"'''"'''' "''^■" '''"' ^^^'-^ ''-•«> The other point is in reference to the Quebec Act. clainf^/^rtfhiill^ir';;;;;:';:^ '"^ been spea,' became Knglish. /lA- il^^eJ/«/.o«_The Pi-oclan,ation of 17G.3 created fonr . . ^^ Mr. MacMahon~Ycn. I consi.lor il, .... ; • x ,. are both agreed .s to the correctness tt U Te cZ n ! *;T"'^ "" '" f"--'-'^ti"n "^ 17(1..; we where the first diiHculty occurs, hut I thi I .^1 1 ,"7 '' '\ '^Y''- '^^^ "^ ^774, and ti,. t is 40 no difficulty in deciding that question. If" v , ' J, '''"'" '" ^'"' Co.n.nis.sioners that there is brought in, and take into consideration the stat mtt as irT'lfT" ""''^" "'''^■'' ^'^ ^^^^ -«- object o the Act was, and what the Bill wll "" int^^ of what the amended, we will easily see that the clai.n of Ont rH '^ f ' '"'" """ "'^"■^^'- "'"' ''ow it was supposed at all. ""^"'" '» '-"y^'J to the western boundary cannot be Assuming thiit the claim made l,v ()„. P • ^ ^ could they possibly acquire by takin. L Rc^l' lI? f ^''^"'l' '' ^^' '^''''^ «'■•»■'"- what territory tho boundary there ? ' ^ ° ^^"^ ^'^'^^"V ''unmng through the Ifed Lake, which Is on ■■M tliat it WHS an run.n..^^ U, ilu,l,s,.,.',s l!ay. '"^ "' ^^""'•'^""« »% ; tl.o r,uc..stio„ of tl.o l.oun.lary '": "'^^^7.' '""'"'-••y "i- the Pnni,u.o. It r..a,N i, h ' " • p ^;".^'^''''"'-^- "t that tin,, in satli... toru.s an,| ,.slan,!,s „n,l co,n.tri..,s luTotoforc u a . t t! ' ' " '' ""'"'"'• ''"^* •^" "^^ -'''' ^'n-i: Hi.^.M.uthwanlto the hanks „F th.- riv . ' I ! "7 "* (Wia, in North AnuTiea extend- J'.-. .V„cJA,/„„_|„ 17,,:) ,--„ „„ , ,.„ >"•'"''"> »' ll'o HuH»„', Ii,y Co.,,,,.,,;. i,. 20 height „t ,„., .,. ,„ .„,„„.,,; 1;;:;; -; ,' L Te, '.t''^^' '; '■">■ -™ '^"'^-^ ti,.t .h, Hu,l»„»]S,.y." '°"''' '"' ""'»"«". expressly s«y "lo ll,„ .,|,„„ „, y.^ dunes of what was previously the Province of Q L ^^ ^^ A^IT" n^ "' '''^ ""^"»'^'' ^^e boun- H he Proclanrntion follows and gives boun.laHes My ant ' ' '• "','' ""'" ^''^^ ^"""^--i- the houndanen wen- extended by the co.nnnssi., s into t e ft, " p'^'V^'""'' "'^' •"^^*-- ^^'-t''- •>0 IS not a c,uestio„ for tbe con^idonuion of the Arb nts "nt I i" m' .?' '"'"'"•^' "^ ""' ' ^'"^^ that rany had a ,overnn.o„t of their own under the ch utr I; " , :;; "'" \\ '\J'' ^^"''^-^ ^^a, Con.- n ere nu.tn.n, take fron. then, the proprietary gove n men i at ; ' t'l ^ '""" "'"''' ""*• "^ '"« "-" Charter, unless they had iorfeited the charte; in somTway '"' ''^"" «™"^^"^' ^^ ^''-" "^X the n;^...i.etheb!:;Lr:i^:t^-:--3^^ ment were doing and assenting to onlj ten years l.f' ''" '"' "^^^">' ^^'-^ the British Govern altogether m relation to that word ■ and b.for. w t °"'^ '^''^'^ ^'^''" " ^Mehoc'' u i„ we have t. ascertain what was con.prised in t^^^ZHJ^!:: T^ ^"-f T ^""'^^™^^' '» Cana.i; .t proper that 1 shonid disen.s what w. proposed in ^^^r^r^:! ^^^^^^^Z !r .ToiNT Al'I'KNUIx, n, Arbilnilidn, Argument of Mr. Mac- Miihi)n,i;,(\, of Couiisel for the D.ir.in- ion, before the ArWti^itors, coutiiuiwi, •M AugUNt, 1«78. ' I »6 i / ! a/pX.. ^^;;„f7;";P°'^^7 i'- l-un^lara. un.I..r tho Acts of ,1.„ (Lnvnunent, ,v. I,, proclan.,.tio„s, cunnls- ^ -- on ..tc I .,„,s„Io,x..I .t nac...s,sary to ar^uo that point u,.,!..,- the Act of 1774. in onk-r to .how that T/,. "'« "■*'■ o' t'l'it wonl 111 til.' I'l-oi'liiunvtioii of 17;H wus ii mi.st.ika Arliil-.itioi. ArKUUi.int ^"' ^'''""''''' //"'t'/-'* — Hcfi'l' to tlidt, \ik'i\Hi'. ..(.Mr.'Mue- .^r:;;;;;;:f[;;;; , .^^'-^^'-y"^— I say that thu Actot I7i)l.i„ amts provisions, is m.r..lv for tho pumo.. of t js^the :^':;;;';"i '"'; """'^^"^ '•''r r' Ti' "t* "'" "" "^ "'" "'"•'' '^''"'^''" '» ^''" ^'••■'•i--'ion was li,„piy Ari.itr„t»rH, a 'nistftiic. I h*! Commission to Lor.ll )orchestor. ill 1 7:M , will l„. f,,,,,,,! „„ „„'o JS Ont- rl h / |^^< _ that is the ii.st ..oinmission i.u.i after the Act; it issu.-I certainly l.foro tl.e viocU^Li^rZ!^; co'iiimssuM. tiiat was ..ssiu.! i„ .70.! spe.ks of the Frovi.ic,. of Quebec ; it -loes not speak of Cana.ia a ail. The turd par.^^rapli o Lonl Doichesfis conin.ission is this:-" And whereas, we have thought fit 10 by our Order n.ide ,„ our Privy Council on the nineteenth .lay of August, one thousand seven l.nidred an.l nine y-one to divide our said IVovniee of Quehee into two separate provinces, to he called the Pro- vmce of Lpper Uuada and the Province of Lower Canad,,. Ky a line to co,n,u..nce at a stone boundary on the north bank ot the Lake S . Francis, at the cove west of the Point au liaudet. in the limit b.,tween the lownslup ol Lancaster and the Sei^neurie of New Lon^ueuil, lunning aloii. the said limit in the direction of north thirty- our delves we,t to the westenuost an,do of the sa^l Sei..ieurh of N w Longueuil ; thence along the north-western boundary of tl.e Seiguuerie of Vaudreuil. runniu. north twonty-hve degrees east, until it strikes ,he (,„awas River, to ascend tl.e said River into tlu, Lake Tomunscanning^ and from the head of the said lake by a line drawn due uorth until i. strikes the boundary ino of Hudson s Bay ; the Province of Upper Canada to eomp.eheud all such lands, ten itorie 20 and islands lyuig to the w..tward .he said line of division, as were part of our said Province of t^o'ttl^tw I 7"" ; ,• ^^°7;^:"."-^'''^ ^« -"'P'-''-^ "" -el. lands, t^nitories and island.s • n. to the eastward of the said lino of division, as were pa.t of our sai.l i'rovinoe of Quebec. Now. if we are t.. consider the Queb, c Act and the Uommissions under it. it is necessary to under stand wha was comprised ,n the Province of Quebec under that Ac, ; and it was for t a^i u.C e I ts" referring the Co.mni.ssioners to what took plaee o-i the introduction of the Act in 1774 Str Francis Huicks — That is very imjiortant. Mr. MncMahon — The Quebec Bill as introdnporl inf„ ti, ^ u c t . Canada, in North America, extern n.T .southward to the bmto .>»• ^i d- ,J. tt-iiuoiy ot banks of the Mississippi." etc. I st.Ued U.lt ull: ^v^I I, r^^. \^ ^Z^^7:;:^TT' '' ''t '' the Ohio, a due west course until it reached the Mississii.n W ^n r f ' "' '"'""'' that ? The Legislature felt that that was the ..L!!;I wh^ .i/be ^ t^ T' '" T'" 1 they made an amendment. Tlu, amendment will be found in C v m li ,'s dT ^ T r'^"'"^ made this amendment, " Until it strike the R.ver Ohio, w^ w .1^;^ h t k^ oJ ui: Mi ^'.. '7 they inserted after the word Ohio " And -don-r the i,anksnf V . • . Missi.ssippi." But that the bankshouid be followed.' J ^i^ J!^ v::^^::;!::;:::^^:;.:^ that in every instance the phrase " Along the bank of the river " is u.sed. " ''' The Attorney.Geneml~Tho Act only professes to .hyscribe the south lino. Mr. MdcMahon — But when it conies tn th^ on.nf;,,., r n at- • . . another way. showing that the caster: ;::^ ^ ^tlt^l^::r:^^r::'\ T'V' f ^^"''"^^ '^ '" '' that time to bo the eastern boundary of the Province oTo 1 in ''Tf '\ '" ^^^^'''^'^ -' nient would have been made, as was made in re^a Ito lie I ?. tl '' ' n " "'"' ""'''' "^ ""*""'- the bank of the Mississippi," just as thev did '' w s, K '^ \ ""T^^ '^""'' ^"^ " ""^therl y, along came to the junction of [he oLo and £i;' ppi 1 y ^^ d :2rt^.H " ""'^ > ■ ^l?"'" '"^ ^^'''^ ^ they used that word "northward," it must, la, n ,rth rK . T "," '* '' '^'^''^ *'"^' ^"'^'^"•^^ because a commission was issued to on- o tie Govern rsc" •"' ^'""^' " '^' ^V^^^i^^m^l River, commission of 179G describes what was i i e^dcd to b ^ 7' '". " """'^ *" ^'"'^ '-'^«^^- »"^ *'"« Governors and contains no such wo dT ^" """""'"'^ ""' '^'^ ^-"^""'^l jurisdiction of the laiiMtiuiis, CDimiii.s- iinltT to show lliiit or tli(> purpose of nation WHS .simply ifario DoL'iihiciits; iinatioti. lint tlio /(sik of Canada at eliavo tlioiij,'Iit fit 10 nd si'veii liiiiiilrod lio cailud tlio Pro- a Htotii! boundary till! limit bi'twocu I said limit in the 'i^'iUMirit! of Nuw il, limning north er inti) thii Lake til it strikes the 1 latids, ten itories 20 said Province of rind islands lying c. X's-iary to nnder- ut jiuipose I was d these words — the terriUjiy of westward to the 30 I the line struck one in regard to lese words, and the Act. 'J'hey ssissippi." [iat t they intended ;t, they will see dcscril)i"« it in 40 i-icgi.s!atiire at hut, an anieiid- ortherly,al.ing But when it d that because sissippi River, Heel. But the diction of the ! »7 J.. :t f r'^:::^;!^::::;;:^'-:"!;:^ j:r:^v r- - -•'- >■ ■-' Hudson'.-, Hay. •'' """'■ '^'"^ ^''^ other sot says " boundary l.no " of .'."-'■" '"""■" "' '■""-"'" •-" '''■''' "■" ^- ^- '■"": »^ "...l»„-» .., „.„„.„. „.,„ „ „„ /t/r. MdcMuhon—Jt is not ih.. n.„ ..,i ■ t • ra/./- /, ,■ „ • ' '''""'' '-' •"™"'' 't '■'^ the tenitorv. i'»purtant point, ' '"""' '^''' ^^"'" >■"" *" '^J-Iress yourself to. Jt is a very ^^^'^^^^'^V"^^ '-''-'-- '^"^ -y^- --i' it strikes the boundary the s';;:-"rL!:;;;;;;r;i:^;;f ;i;;;i::::t;;."^ ^'^^ ^^'-^ -- ->■ eoinmission. xi. wordu, is " the u:;^;t:::-^|;: --^ /';;: ':;;.-;;-'•: "- e.inot be anvthing but the bounda^ ,i.,e of te-^. g.nted to the Hudson. Bay .C-^; Z ^^ :f ::eX'''"'"' ^ ^''^ """" ' .uest!:: :^;f"-^-^'^y «-- afterwards how the territory was dealt with, and 1 will cne to that Hiidfl's^irr ''''''^~'"^^' ''^^^^ ^"" -''--^"" - ^^^'^- '>- y- '-.-.. the boundary line of Cfue/ Justice Harrison- AU the conuni.ssions follow that, down to 1 8.38 Mr '!::^:i::LXT'- T ^"t '- '- ^-^ ^^^^^^^ - «— - -fi^es the shore. shore an/S:ti:;;^;^^""'°^" ^"^'- ^"^>' """-^tood that there was a di«.renee between the theoM ci^;;;;;::,^:;:!:;;^;;ix'ii !'xr^ «- the wo^s -uue north.- m the connnissions say-still ,' Ih^-in. t e !,„,:'""'"?: '''"' "' ""''•^-'^ ^>^y" l^^t afterwards Bay." but which rather conveys th^i .t^^t Ivint " ""• '' -'•^•■^I-^'^'^'j- to the shore of Hudson's the shore of Hudson's Bay to be the .san.e Tliin^ '" " '"""''"■^' """^ '' ''^''^^^'^ ^'^y and Sir maur,l norrUon-TU.y improved thi English a little in that. Mr. M(icMuho,i~'V}w Pn.ph,„„f; „ : . ■ i i i,ii,iin..|it, thcio i-i no power t(/ \m\t l • Kii^'* «uUv>rity. Tlurc wiw no PMiliaiiumt in the lluiJHuns Utiy ti-rritoiy. Mr. Mai-MiihoH — \ cite also tlie eiis. ,/^P*ttw case of CainpliuU imii Hull, to,;,'etiier with .i lliiltiinore, I Vt-^-y, 444. Tiiat and th State of MasMiichusctts, have ilcriiled that \vl authority, unless liy proceed: n «rt«i., In Vi I'otiv «he State of RIim/« Islrtf d a-aiiist the •^ *KI thfui i> a pro|): lutuiy G'Aern merit existinf,' there is no iiys under " «"'• U, to take a^vay the torrilory or ti K) Argument of Mr, Mac- Mahon.l^.C, of Counsel for tho lloiniri- iiin,lH)fi)rftlie Aihitraturn, ciintiiiiii'd, 3rd Aiiiruvt, 1«78. , V ^ assuin ment over it: .so that after the j.Tant wa-» made, and coritinne.l l.y all tho.se Acts of I'arlianimt, the KinK had no imthonty or p.,wer to tak. ,as ay ,ho n^hU of tho Hudson.. Bay Company that -xi^ted. aiifJudur //u>;-imn—0( course tl.at h' a*«ii.iiinsT one of the things ui,i,-h has he»'ii ar^'iied iM-foro as to the rijrlits, if any, of tho Hud.sons Baj /'„„,,« ,■' south of HihUon's Jlav, and ' • what extent noith. That IS one of the points in controversy. All il., •■ documents throw light upon u. .1^. MacMuhon-hly learned fiien.Is do not claim that thev arc entitled to any land north of the height of land. The Attor,mj.Oenend~l thought I Irrd oceupied a good doal of tirao in showing tliat I was claiming that. VkivfJmtice /f,tn-!sou~l un.lersv.od tlie .\ttorney-Oen.>ral to claim to the Arctic Ocean. 20 Mr. MacMakm — l did not know that he meant that. Sir Francis IlinclcV-'"-^'-t --'-■ "Ti.ence into Lake Superior." Lord lOin 1 f n 1802 or l«o3; showing that up to that time the jurisdiction of the Governors-General of Canada en Id on the shore, of Like Superior, an. must have ended j,iv .bout at the point where the due noi'l strikes. The Province ot Canada afterwards bought fro. ^N- J,,,;,,, J,, ,^^.^, ^„^^,, ^^. ^,, ( cerciMi!il ; iiiiunt in niid tii« iiist tlio ?ri( i?t no JfoVfl'll- 10 li'ht, thu Listed. 1 1 iM'foro t extent 1 (if the i 1 was 20 iidary / western Icr that ,liH line (! slinro letwoen of the (idle of r, Like 30 u r^ake 1 shows ivcT to 11 that arts of idson's 40 have ;Iit to i Bay it wns left in ended h line leight •egard o() 00 to the extent of territory undiM- the jmisdiction of the (Jover.mrs i» \Hl() a. I i . ', , jn..s,on issued to ,.., Kl«i., i.^hi y.«r. and up to ti: ^ , r Ti ' ^: '1:;;"';; ^^ v ^^ (iov..rnini.Mt must iiivi. .eeu iiwiir.. /vMlwn »■.., ...1 !■ "•'""'"' ''^■'- ui I f>"'i. llieHntmh eluded i.ihin that line. '™' '""' "" ''■'"''' ''">■ "'^'-""'-' ''iT"'' ^-"'^'1'^ to he in- .Tl)tNT Api'kmux. H.T. ir. The Arhilralion. Wo eou.e now to (.'onfedemtion. The 140th section of tl, British North Auierin ' , , ,., ,is follows 10 to «J,„it 11,0,0 Colonio, or Provim, , o .1 rl " .' ^''""■'' '"''""1 ""J IW"!' ' '"lumM., them, i,„o tl,„ Uni„„ °; ,;:,,•;," -"'"' "■" "■" ^'■"■"■■Wo»>.™ ■lV,,,„„y, or o.thcr „( w lati'vor ill ,r >;,. , t 41 n 1 n- uiiin (i iii,n tiiey Were couanittiiii' anv ticsnas^ ture. so a« to g v ^ p op n n t " l"t <-'---nent was prou.pted to u.ake this ex, .udi' asserted on tl^^ one Z d' . uf^' L f''""; --^''--'-V -'"^^ was -.ing on the other-denied witif a the '^f 7'''^"-.;"^' being domed l.y the Hudson's Bay . 'on. any British Govera.i^ W h :' , ■ ,^;::: :';,; ^^ '^' ^V" " ''"''' "'" '''''' ^^^^ ^''^ '^^ ■ firnu.l-hecause the^ cLl .-on n , „ ^ r ^ if' ^ '"" ' '"'""' """ """"'"'' "'" "' '""'' "'"■ of Parlia.nent fnJc A nn: T Ili ^^^ ^^^ ^ ;!; ^1;::;;:^^^; f «^^^^^^^^ 80 Hu.lBona Hay C.n.pn„y should be respectcM- h. ,|t wl ' 1 p" •'°^V"^' ^""'''^"'^^ °^ "'« hitive action. What do we lind then. ,1 " „ ? w « . ' "'"'' ^«^'^''-"'"^'"t to<-k le{.is- was passed in hSO«. af er e " s^I^t tio f . H '' '^ ^'''' '"""" "^ *''^' ^^"''^•'^'^ ^--' A'^*" t..i^ .ransaetion . It i. ni.ry to -^L^tt^d ;i.a:r hr ^ru::;!'! ::::r;,:!'ij: tu" of Parlian.ent itself, the a" ot ej h i " 7 ^'^^T ''''" ""''■"''" ''"''' "" ^''^^ :^^^:.^tn- ^-tS Er'^r^ o the Saskatcuewan; o n h e e^t n lleW '' I"'?" ""!= «» ^^« "-*'> ^y the nor.heri. branch 60 "lanmng, the British Govgrumcnt admitted that thev Lad Trh to alrt D ^"P"''^' Tf surrender of ail that. " ^ • '^^'^ ''"' Dotiiiaiun aeecj.lod the A rguinent "f Mr. Mho JI»hi>ii,(^,C., •f Cmin«i«l for tli9 Diimiu i"n,l)eforKth« Arl)itrnt(.r», continued, .'till Autfuit, 1878. 100 JOIKT A"l'K.\IiIX. Spc. 1 1. Arbitrntiun, I'll Arptjment of Mr. Mao- M»hon,Q.C., of Counsel for th« IJomin- ion. before the Arbitrators, continued, Srd Aukfutt, 1878. I' I I Chu'J J mf ice Harrison— 01 course the British Ooveniinpnt, when nccoptinjr the surrender, were willing to accept a surrender, not only of all that tlio Coinpunv liad, Init of nil tliat they calmed to have. Mr. MacMahoa—YUii Coiniiany claimed the I'ertil.' l.elt, and wen; allowed to particiimte afterwards in Its lands ns tlieir own; they w.tc allowed ti, hohl lands there. Mr. IIoi/ro"ne if Quebee n.ay have struck the .shore of Hudson's Jiay, still that l,as nothing to do wi h if^JstZ hnit AiiGi-MENT OK Mr. Monk. f- ^^' ^-^{onk, of the QuelHc Bar, f,>]hnv..d, on l.dudi' of the Don.inion.-I have ^ro-M difF„.„]tv another n.eu.oir fron. the Man.uis De Denonville, This n, muo su-^ ^ in ' , Tr '?' Att..ney. ..ne.a, of Quehee, e.,.,.., the entire coast of Labr:i:r:ia tZZ ^ili^rC:: "h^ 10-. IB T " """"^ ^' •'" '"'""' "'"" ^'''^' '^""'""^ ■••^^'^t-- "»■ *'- t-'-K-il of Nei France of 10,.(,, J,,u, Bour.!on wms a nun. tlmrouirhly w,.|! Known in the Provin,.,. 1 ,>ff ,. i . . '■"" i'»;' '"■ ',"■■ ' "T ...uM ,,. ..„..-u,„„„.v-,; ;,: . .^vi :';";:;;,;':.,":'''■ '" 50 »(,.,.„„, *. ./.»„,,_.„„, , I,,.,, ,,„„, ,,,„„, „^.„,. „,^, ^„^__,^ _^_^,^^. ^^_ _^ : I ("It Joint Appkndix. Sec. II. The Arbitrdtitm. Arfnimi'nt i.f Mr. Mac- Malidii, (/.(;,, of (.'iiuniiflfor till' Ddiiiiii- ionjbcfurcthn Arhitratcirs, continued, Srd August, 1878. Argument of Mr. Monk, of Counsel for the Domin- ion, Ix'fore the ArbitifttorB, .Srd August, 1878. I I' [I'l ' 102 A^^^L. ^^^^<^on's voyage to Hu-lson's Bay. At pa,c 9 „f the Belntions for 1058, .n.ntion is nimle of an Serfl. '^"einpted journoy wh,ch Bcnndon nuul. wit), the intention of m.ci.ini. Hu-lnon's Bay. Under date of ... August lit!., we hnd an entry in vvhicl» tl.o Fati,er Je.suit, wl,u is reported as i<,H.ping the journal at The Arhiirnimn +!,**• u . 1 , "" -L,.i,.,t,i ue.',uii, WHO js reported as kceiHiig tic lourna at Arutrauon. that „ne, .s.ys that the barque of M. Bourdon returned. We have in th'e R.lano.s no pluticJar date of Bo uh.n 3 startu.g on th.s voyage ; but in ti,e Jouranl -'^■''on why this particular 03 ge should iiave been the one n.endoned by De Callieres. The vovage to .! ich I refer was n.a.ie u .at De Ca heres took as evidence of a voyage having been n.ade was sin.ply an onlernn instruct XtlTn ?'.,«, 7'"/°, ''''"'■ ^""'■''"" *" ^^"^''"P* .his voyage. There can be no doubt ^^Z^^^-f"'T''''ff'''''''''''''^' ""^3- l-avebeen said of then, since, were the only thl ha Si , ;;''"=^V^''''? k'^I'*;^ the early .ioings of the colony, and there can be no doubt whatever that had h.eur Bourdon m (JoG, as is claimed, n.ade a voyage of this kind, a record ofit would have mnnoir I , «. ^^77 n ,7 '" ' '"""""*■ '^'''^' ''''' ^^-.^^^ *" ^^''-l' ^^^^ Caliieres refer,, in his A~„tof b Si r, ; ''";"' '''"°"'; '^^'^"'■*' ^-^'^ ^" 1«^^- - '^f'-- '^lill'^ states iu his Report, was ordered £!£'" tl at rblon :"r;TH"' ";":• "' 'T"''- *" l'™"'^*' ^^' *'"^ '^^'""^'•>' ^^^^-^ ^-^-^^ ^-v H is stated &'r Orbfc r H r;?' ', ,"'" ''" ^^^^'="-'''- '-' ^'^"'"P^"-^"'^ ''-•- l^^"-- -^'^ ^^'''l■^. '" a note on the 20 i«'«'"'""" ^!^^'^!:rf"7 T'^ '"" --ti-'ing IJourdon-s voyage by the assertion and il?t W , '' '"""" "":' "'""'^'" "'■ '''^■'^' °"" «'-*^^3' ■'^'-'''' ^- tlH pioneers in discovery. thev ere tZl"^^^^^ """"' ''"""''* ^' "^'''^ in th'eir AW«.-...s becaus"^* Dablon a he w l'^ .' • ^ '""" "^ "'S"""'"* '^^' "'"^ '-^'' — * apply to the voyage of had been nado7; :'""'■?"';'" "' "'"" "^'^ "'^"-'''^^-^ "*" *'- «'^-ty were cntred an.l if a tojage had been made by hm, no doubt a geat deal of prominence would have been giv n to it. On the an m,sucee.vslul voyage that he made. There can be no doubt that he atteu.pted a m-a^e. 1 M d W ^ " r?' '7 r"' ''■ '■""'^■' '^"' ''^' '^'^^'^ '^ " ^"--^ ^'" ^^-'"-- W«go Fait Vers ll h hi men ot of ^^''^''^^.P"' '"""' '* - "-«t in.portant and conclusive, a. showing {hat De Callieres 30 poL w Xr.i , , ' "v'r": "' "''"'' ''^ ''^^'^ ''''* ^■^■^'^'•"«-- ^'^'''-^ -^3- that the highest file and U is T "" ^^' '•"'"' '"*^»"^^ ^■^""' ^^^'"--' "-' that subsecp.ently he Ge I att!f . H ' 7T! "' ''"'^ ^•""■'"'^' """"^ '^ '"'"^^■l*- ^ ""'--^ that the Attoniey- Ge . .d att n.p ed o rarse a doubt as to the identity of the Dablon in De Callieres' nuanoir with the Dablon ot the Mans .lesMes. I have exa.nined with care, and 1 lind that the end of one o te volume.s a con.plete hst of a 1 the Jesuit., pioneers both of ti.e faith and in the wav of dis ov" an I fad that there IS only one Dablon mentioned. Another inaccuracv of this men.oi • is as to the L'o ^ ? b ;"u; r^::: rrrV" '''"' '"" s?'^ '^ ^'^"^ "'^^'•^^'--'- ^'-" - ^- -^ ''-'--t ^^ a aln "ow t u h "f";"'-'^^'-»f Arge.Kson had left Cana.la. The Attorney- General mu,st 40 admit nou,alh.,ugh he attaches so much importance to this memoir, that it is inaccurate in most ^1 -^^ a^: t::;':" n^u' -y«g^of Bourdon, which is shown never to hav: ;:;': L H a I next as to the voyage of Dablon, which ,s shown also not to have taken place; then as to the trio Mu;r::u:;:^;r;::tr """"^ "' - -'-'- "- -'' ■- '-- ' ^-" ^'-" «^-t z to the north of the River .St. I.: wrence B t mv iea ' ;"';'^»t"r-« -"t to discover ne.v lands in this Charter to the French cCiInv w , 7 " """ttod to verify the fact that ^///«a,K/On?o„„,...J t^ 7 '^;,; : . ^; ^;-"--'- ;vill hnd in the Hrst volume of lands or portions of lands ildt^h: .d 1, 7 ' '^'"' f'^fV- """'■"'"'' '^""''"^>"^'-« tl- 50 of the Cliarter was simplv to git L; H ..' ^^^'^^'T 'V'''^ l^"';;-f France, and the object ■xcluKive right of trade tl lerein. The clause of the 4 made of an nflor date of 3 journal ab ;ular date of mnnssiioners ; and, as is to Hudson's is particular V was mai.'e y indicating 10 , nn instruc- e no doubt :'e the only )t whatever would have it'er.s in liis I'as ordered It is stated th them to lote on the 20 e assertion I discovery, •US because 3 voyage of t a voyage ;. On the describing oyage. A ait Vers la u CallieresSO n hearsay le higliest ueiitly he A ttorney- with tiie me of the •ry, and I le trip of it that at ral must 40 ) in most 1 place at 3 tlie trip :e he had in 1C27 e\v lands fact that )lnmo of are tlic 50 e object e of the Charter reads as follows:— "Lo forf ot hol.if..*; i <% , France dite Canada, tante le it, Is (4^r^^^^^^^ t '^:'''''^'^^ ^^^^ 1- pays de la Nouvelle out fait habiter en rang., t 1 is ci f^e T'm ' ' 1- ^^ P-'-esseurs Rois da Sa Majeste longi,u,ledepui,sl'I]edeTen-eneuvetil ul„.!f J":i"7, ^'--•'^ -^^'^-i-^ I--' latitude, et de dans les terres, et le long .l..s r1 Cs l nls n I T\ " ''' '" ''"' "'"'"'^ '' '^" '^'^^ 'I'- ''e autren,ent la grande K?vi^re 1 3/^^ \ ^^V "''"■^""' ''""" ^^ «"'^° '''* •^*- ^--ent, ou thereby elearly^ndieating that ecZ:;^^ T T "T' ^"""^ ^''" '" J^"^^""^ ^ '^^ -- :" sors of Louis XIV. In the <^vse fo, h P v^' ""^''' *''"" *'^" •""'' "^«"P''^'l ^'7 *'»* predece - understood to include hhX : i ^ /h,;;;!;;' n ''''''V'' '''" '^ "^'^ ^"--'>'''' i'-ceiasti:; 10 and French, abun.lantly prove "Th s a Z 1 ''' T T'" '^"' '''''''""' "^ ^'^^ "•»'^- ^n^'H.sh discoverers nor by the Id^tLns of th time H '^"'^^ •°'\;^';-'' ''^ not supported by the Tarlv Hndted territo,y' (Heads ex;::;' 'TZ^^Z^^:'^ f:: ^"^1.^ ''1^^"" --"'"^'y which shows that at that time the whole territ,.v ,' '1!^ N . '" ^^'''''^'°'- ^ 'lescription each side of the St. Lawrence • and C larlevn v ^ .? ,^'^^^' * '•'^"'^° extended but a few nales ,m territory did not amount toir;.;, Ne^ F ^/^ d,:l" 7u^' ''"' ""^ *'"^ ^'^''"^ "P ^'^ ^l- of the St. Lawrence. My learned fri mds sav h f T '"™ "T';''^'^' ^'^ ^^"T "arrow lin.its on either side acknowledged by the Treaty K^w 'k Tl - 'l'-' " 'n^'"'^'' *" '"'"'^■^ '" "'"'■^-'^ «"y -- Ryswick, that a special pro ision vas made ite d 'T;""" T" "''' '" ''^''"■""^ *" ^''''^ '^'''-^y o^" the Treaty. By Article Eight it was s "• uiy m ' 't w" ?'""""" "' ''^^ ^^^'^'"*'' ^'^'^^ «f ' 20 full powers .o settle the lindts of th t ' „ t 1 h!? ^r .""""^•^'""-'■^ '^'-"l'' l^^' -PPoin.ed, with fact of these (Vnnmissioners never 1:! se tie t i?';'"""'? ""'r'"' """''^""'^ ^'^>-- '^'- P.V.O. of the Treaty, so lar as the ter^toril ^J H^iLi^: t;^- i^^S;;^^^^ '^- po.^Tz^r:r:;;::- r.^-^rt:rf ^^^^^ r--^r - - ^---^ letter of its Ministers, is unfounded. ' ^ ^ "' ^'^'"""°» ^'"^"Id !•« bound by this 3o.era;:it^rz::;:r:^^ where tl e Red Lake is shown innnediate v to he . h wo „t ''. s" "■''""' '" ''' '''' *"-' I understand vhat tl,e Connnissioners have much s lifl 1 ," "'T''"^'" ''' '''" '"'''^'''^ '^ 1^"''- 30 the other. "- '"""' '"^' difliculty about the western boundary than which followed the Constitut o. ; ^ %^^^^^^^^ ^1-* i" the Proclan.tion boundary line of Hudson's Bay •• are to be m.r No ^'p^' P '" ""'^ " ""^" '^ ^^"^^ '^'^ the Constitutional Act would "lome in W ' tha f " '•"'^■'"."'^*""" ^^^ -"P'-V 'I-'-''",, -heu Con.stitutional Act itself, which is in Ont«,! I^ . ^commissioners would uake notice of the rence of the words, 'HJov .n Jt f tt Z """r; " ^ "'" P^''^*^'- a frequent recur- the second paragraph, and Hl^^,' ::Z,:^ '^"'T • ^ "' '"^ ''""'' '" *''^ ~J '>- ^^ 40Actthere wa.n: intention whatev roll' .' *'^?'-^'^'^^- ""''^^-S ^'"^^ by that Constitutional of Quebec, as stated in the Quebec Ac o^S V'' '" "![ """""' ^'^ °^^' ''""^s of the Province Justice Sewell in De Reinhard's Cat «d ic 1 \ Z ! ""'' '" "'"" *" ''" '•^^'"^''•^^ "^ Chief increase of the limits of the I-o vi ".'.f U 1 1 :, 17 ' ^ f "' T'''' '"""^''^^'^'' '^"^ '^^"^ ^'"^^ no taken in shorthand under the saiieti .aw:r .j^^^^ f :" ^'r, .'iT f'''' ''•""' ^^'" '"•-*- nientary library, in which the point special vs" for b M ■ st t" ," "'"'""' '™'" '^" P^'"^-' is fully .eporte.1. ^ ' ^*' ^^ ^^'- ^^"■■^'t' t'^^'" representing tlie prisoner 50 what was the Province of Quebec C^hi.f I„.fi.; q i ^ indirectly be accepted as showing .loi.NT Appendix. Sec. II. The Arbitration. VrKUiTieut of Mr..\I(iiik, of t-'ouusel for tlieDoiuiu- ion.boforethe Arbitrators, 3rd August, 1878. 104 li;. Joint Appendix. Seo. II. The Arbitration. Argument of Mr. Mook, of CounBel for the Doraiu- ion,b('forethe Arbitrators, 3rd AuifUKt, 1878. \ tinctly of opinion, on referring both to the Act of J791 and tliat of 1774, that tlio arjTunicnt on the defence must fail. What was the object tif each Act ? Ani()ii;,'.>t others, tliat of 1774 was to cnhiiv'c the Province of Quebec, which had been created in 17(i:J. Tliat of 17!)1 was to separate or divide the Province of Quebec into two Provinces, to be ilenoniinatji'd I'pper and Lower (Janada, and maUe each respectively independent of the other by giving a Legislature to each respectively, but still retaining between or within the two Provinces, the .same extent of coinitry, the same space as the one I'mvince contained." What is the Act ? What is its object, its avowed oi>jcct ? To repeal certain parts of the Act of 1774 ; and what is the part repealed? It is that part of it which gives authority to the Council of the Province of Quebc'C. And what is the reason as-igncd for .so extended by the separation, np[iears to mo repugnant . \, to the plainest i)rine,iples of c iminon sense, and therc^fire I cannot assent to it. The short history of the Act of 1791 is briefly this : The King signilies to Parliament his roj'al intention of dividing his J'rovince of Quebec, and he calls on the Legislature to pi'ovide for this alteration by granting an Act adapted to the change. The Legislature pass an Act providing for tlie due goveriiiiient of the two Piovinces, and under the authority of this Act, and ihe lloyal Pi»clanmtiori, the Province of Quebec was aecni'dingly divided, the Royal Proclamation being an exercis > of .sovereign authority. His Majesty in that Act, by and with the con.sent of his Privy Council, declared what shall be the line of separation between Upper aid Lower Canada, and how much of the fornur Province of Qiiehcc shall belong to the one. and how much to the other. The object of the Act and the object of the Royal Proclamation are so 20 clearly exj.i'cssed tlial we cannot for a moment doubt upon the subject. What says the Act ? " Hi.s Majesty having been |)leased to signify his royal will and pleasure to separute and divide the Province of Quebec." What says the Proelamaticjii ? Wii^', the very same words. To divide the Province of Quebec, not to add to it, any more than to take away from it. Therefore Upper Canada, in the ])ur- view, could include only that part of the Province so divided as was not contained in Lower Canada but it could not extend beyond those limits which constituted the Province of Quebec, otherwise it would certainly have been an Act to enlarge rather than an Act to divide. Sir Francis Hinch — Unfortunately that does not help us one bit, liecause of the indefinite character of the boundary of Hudson's Bay. We want to know the southern boiuidary of Hudson's Bay. The Act of 1791 (hx'.s define it to a certain extent, because it r.'fers to a line drawn ^lie map to fe livere,! be^ L'l 1 T Tr : "" '"' ■^'"" "'* ^'"^ '•*^'' ''^^^'•■'^^' ^' "-•''>-■" ''^titude, another line shai 'Si si 1 " I T "T' ""'" ''" ■^"' ''""• "'"" '''' '''^' 'i^^'-" «f "-'-tl'-n latitude, o e b^^^^^^^^^ ' ' ■"'"""" " '! '""^ '"'"''"'"''• *'" ^'^••""^''' -^'> =^" 1— « I'V tl-"» employed shal be proh.lnted to pass .o the northward of the said 4;)ti, degree of latitude." There can be no ^^Z^ZT^T ""^ f ''"' •^^'•••'" ^^^'""'' ^^"'^'' "»^"" - corresponding ij ^i the l.ught ot hn.l. t urthe on m the nistructions of the eouimi.ssary are the.se words : 'But you are to take espec_al *are m wording such articles as shall be agreed on with the commissary of 1 h m! t Chns, an Miy^y upon this head, that the said bowularies be understood to regard the a If oOc^rtrof ^H"?'"^^'';^'"'"'•'"'^^^^^ '" ''"•^^' .nstructions to theh- com nii.ssary that tl oO ci.a.te, ot the Hud,sons Bay Company, such as it had been .-minted tn tl,..„, are^,,.:.„, t.- Mi. LT preUtion and recognition of the chartor. extended .lown to tlie 4yth degree oflatitude" " Chief. Justice Harrim7i— For the purposes of trade only 14 •'■ JOI.NT ApPKNdlX. .Se;;.ll. Arhi'rnlion. Argument nf Mr.Mc.Mk. „f CimiiMel fur till' UDIIlill' iiin,l)i'fiiiuthe Arl)itrators, Hid August, 1878. 106 Joint Appkni «. S'o. 11. The Arbitration. Mr. Miiitk — l would ivsiK-etf'ully siil.iiiit, tliat tln'ir (jharter for the purposes of trndi' did not extend fartlipr than their territorial ri;,'ht went. In 171!) a memoir on tliu sul>jeet of the limits of the Hud- 'u's I was cncli eoinniissneN, nt to the Enirlish comniis,sioncrs throuijh Lord Stair to the Marquis D'E.stiees, ono of .stiites : — " The coiinni^snries nainecl liy His T5i itaniiic Majesty demand that the said limits may lie delined in the following' manner, viz.: That the limits shall coimiienee from the north cape of Davis Bay, in latitude 5G dei^rees 30 minutes, which shall .serve as liuiits between the En,!.,'lish and the French on the eoast of Labrador." Ft then deserihes the coast of Labrador and the 4t)th parallel as being tlu^ limits on which the English comniis.saries would insist; and proceeds to .state that these limits were to be in.si.steil on .solely a.s regards the trade, and that His Britannic Majesty did not thereby accede to the right of the French to any lands in America in the said bouuflaries. 1 10 .submit that this was an act on the part of His M.ijesty's Government clearly showing that in 1719 the interpretation of the Hudson's Bay Charter, an«— Notwithstanding the adjudication, the point supposed to be adjudicated upon .seems to have been considered so .loubtful that the sentence was never acted upon. Mr. Monk— Bv\t the reason I lay some stress upon this is that my learned friend seemed to think that this question at the trial had simply come up incidentally. The fact is that it was argued at great leiigth on the motion for arrest of judgment, an' '^''•^'■"'^'' *■''""'' ^^'- M'^«>l'v''on, Hnds in the s.^ttlement made by the Dominion w,th the Hudson s Bay Company, and in the Imperial Act under which the settl-meut was effected My learned friend has pointed out that an indivi.lual who, with full kiiowlechnvacquiesces by his silence m what is done by others to his prejudice, cannot afterwards hold the thing so done to have been as ai;airx.st hn.. illegal or void. I do not desire to hold the transaction between the Company and the 50 If 20 ^J SO 1 40] I not extend tlie Miul- ut's, one of •niaml tliat e I'rom the 'tween the )r ami tlio 3(l.s to state liije-ity tliii iiiancs. 1 10 1 1719 tlie ,li parallel, detain the from the 1 lefer the 1 by Chief lardt case very ini- ded on it, 20 .st icputa- Ijiidicated 1 to think d at gieat ion of all f Justice sh on our ihle for us 30 ttuenee of lecided it. ' disputes but there )ook with I h-'ld; ■ract was irp;unienfc e bound - 40 %* 107 I) .minion to have boon ille.^al or void. It was the pressure from the people of Upper Canada that Jn.u^ht.tabout; but when all the Company's claims became vested n the dZ^, „ H .I c am. that there is a ,uestion about and tL Jthat there is no .uestSo.l Ibo'';^: te t enir and subuut d.d dearly enure, for the benefit of whatever portions of the Dounn on .^^ reZ' all heP evinces wh.eh coust.tuted the Don.inion. The new territory not within anv of the l>ro ■ n , n the ...„,„,on n.,.res , to l,e divided into provinces as it l,eeoM,es settled. Ontario did nc.t Z „ e that any statute obta.ne.l Iron, the hnp,.rial Pa.lian.ent, or anything done bv the rep csenta ti^of b i.^h 1 h'" " ' 7T """ '""' "'^^'""= '^'""^ '''' "-**-« -'-'' -- -i'l to estop 1 1-ocal Uovtrnment. Ihe Dominn.n Government was understood to be acting for all in -rorul faith and without prc..,udK. to the rights of the Provinces among themselves ; and tire Province o „t' .' ha ar,yhttoas.sume that the Dondnion, after settlin, with the Con.panv. wouhl tak tie sl^^^^ ^^^^^^^^^^ the boundary question which the Dondnion had always previous y taken ntn.elv tlrat C nnVn . ^i. ore Ontario extends to the Rocky Mountains on^l j west anJ far .loHl ! ^h tiS Hm:::; no intnnat.on o the contrary havin. been given to the Provincial Governn,ent until l^nlf L the uecpiisition o the Company's clain.s. The Company had some territory in re,.u-.l o hich'the^ wa w i the I U P ' '""". "■'"■''' '''"' *" '^'' "^ ^'•^'^'' '^»'' "•"•'■>^P"ted title to both that ^hKhtheHudso„.s Bay Con.pany certainly had, and the further territory i, re.-ar.l to which there was the dispute. The settlement wi.h the Company was not on the aiunpti^.n tilt he w, belonged to the Company; the .£:!(.0.000 paid to the Con.pany would have be ,. a ...e.. b ^H 1' purchase money for all that the Con.pany p..etended to clain. Tit would have .e.p.ired s le Fm Ln o buy a 1 If their title had been clear; but there was a cont.ove.-sy about the ti le.and t w U Morth while to g.ve thpt amount of ..io,iey and certain other advantages to th Co-lanC , t ^z:lj;:^:!:^[t'^' --' -^'-^ ^-'- ""■^^' -'^« -^-^-ent .^i:x:J:i Cklef-JuHtice Harrison— You were acquiring, in fact, a .piit claim. '" estol^oel ^2:rr^1r'r"'~?'",T' '^l'- ''^"^ '^ ^""'^"'' ^""'' ^^•■^•^ -^---^ to ...v leamed friend-,s th . nt .?■' , ""^ '*°"^ ^' "'"^ '""^""'^"^ ""' "Sj'ts from the Don.inion Ministers But on he contrary, they knew our rights bette,-. pe.haps, than the new Provincial Ministers did f wa^ l)o.n>n,on Ministers who had been stating our case agahist the C.M.panv • evervthin Al c .. 1 .ZZ aga„.st the Company wa« in favour of Upper Canadl; whatever thev d^i . ,U ^ S. , ^^ as bdong,ng .. Ca.jada was in fact a clain, fo,- Ontario. So,..e of th^se Ministers had in le d en t^ e vcn-y agents th.oiigl. who,,, the facts in our favour had been brought to light and p.-essed , f ici. ly and s trd^ '^''^"'""- '" '^""•"••"^'"'^^^ ^"'' "^y '"-"^ "f this contention tl. y gol th surrender fro,., the Co.npa,.y for a cnnparatively s.nali su,n. and they p.evented the Prov^nte fi^.n negot.at.ng on its own account with the Co.upany. If there is any Ltoppd in the ca e t i the Joint appkndix. Sec. II, The A riitration. TheAttorney- Cieoeiftl of Outririo in reply, liefore till; Arl>itra- t.irs, Sr" August, 1878. Ii ai'c nob already ive been y to the ion with ed. My IS silence been as and the 50 AWARD OF THE ARBITRATORS, 3rd August, 1878, To ALL TO WHOM THKSK PrESKNTS SHALL COMK: The undersigned having been appointed by the Governments of Cana.la and Ontario as arbitrato,-s Award „f ,. and decde that the following are and shall be such boundaries ; that is to say :- (^unmencing at ..point on the .southern .shore of Hudson's Bay, commonly called James' Bay whereahne produced due north from the head of Lake Temiscamfng would 'strike the aaU soiS \ i Joint Al'PENKIX. Sen. I r. rill Arhitratidii. Award iif the Arbitrators. Ontario Act, 42 Vic, Cap. a, 1871). lOH slioro; tlioiieo along the said soutli hIioio westerly to the nioutli (.f the Albany River; thence u|> the ini.ldle of the said Albany llivor, aiid of the lake.s thereon, to the sonrco of the said river at tlie head of Like St. Josep ■. ; th.'Hce b_v the utMivst line to the eastfrly end of Luc Scul, bciii!,' tlu- head waters of Knj;lisli River; thence wi'Sterly through tlie niiddie of Lac S.Mil an! tlie .sai 1 Ivi-lish Uiver to a point where the same will be inter.seete.l l)y a true iiK'ridioiial line di.iwn northerly from tlie international monument placed to mark the mo.st north-westerly angle of the Lake of the Woods by the recent Boundary (.'ommi.ssion ; and theneo due south, following the .said meridional line to the .said inter- national" luonumeiit : thence southerly and ea.sterly, following upon the intornational boundary line between the Biitish i)o,s8essions and the United States oi' America into Lake Supeiioi. But if a true meridional line drawn northerly from the said international boundary at the said 10 most north-westerly angle of the Lak(! of the Woods, shall be found to pass to the west of where the English River empties into the Winnipeg River, then, and in such case, the northerly boundary of Ontario shall continue down the middle of the said P^nglish River to wliere the same empties into the Winnipeg River, and shall continue thence on a line drawn duo west from the conlluenco of the said English Iftiver with i\v said Winnipeg River, until the same will intersect the meriilian above described; and thence due .south, following the .said moridi(mal line to the said international monu- ment; thence southerly and easterly, following ni)on the international boundary line, lietween the British po.ssessioiis and the United States of America, into Lake Superior. Given under our hand.s, at Ottawa, in the Province of Ontario, this third day of August, 1878. RoBT. A. Hahbison, -0 Edwd. Thornton, F. HiNCKS. Signed and iniblishod in the presence of E. C. Monk, Thomas Hodoins. ONTARIO ACT, 42 VIC, CAP. 2 (1879). An Act Respecting the Nouthkiuy axd Wksteulv Boundaries of Ontario. Whereas the northerly and westerly boundaries of the Province of Ontario were not determined until lately ; And whereas pending the determination thereof certain provisional lines, vhieh for certain pur- 30 poses were to be regarded as such boundary lines, were agreed to by the Governments of the Dominion and the Province ; And whereas it was agreed by the Governments of the Dominion of Canada and the Province of Ontario that the true boutularies should be determined by reference to arbitration ; And whereas one of the arbitrators named in the Revised Statutes of Ontario, chapter four, died, and the other resigned without having made any award; And whereas the Governor-General of Canada in Council afterwards named as arbitrator the Honourable Sir Francis Hincks, of tlie City of iMoiitreal, Knight, and the Lieutenant-Governor in Council of this Province named as arbitrator the Honourable Robert Alexander Harrison, Chief Justice of Otitario ; ■*» And whereas the two Governmenis further agreed that the Right Honourable Sir E.Iwanl Thornton, Knight, .should be the third arbitrator, and ihat the determination of the awaid of the said arbitrators or a majority of tliem in the matter of the .said boundaries should be taken as final and e(mclusive ; And whereas on the third day of August, in the year of our Lord one thousand eight hundred and seventy-eight, the said arbitrators made their award in writing, in the words following :— [Hero is given the text of the Award] : 100 30 a|» the tlie huatl tt'lltfl'S f)t' i) a point rnatioiial le I'oci'iit icl iutor- lary line , tlie said !<> .'here the ndavy of 1 into the :' the said m ahove al iiioiiu- ween the 1S78. ISDN, )N, 20 tcrmined •tain ]iiir- 30 Dominion ovuice of bur, died, trator the ivcrnor in ef Justice rhornton, ii'bitrators uhive; iidred and -[Hero is 40 And whereas the ettect of the said award is to give to this Province less territory than had been claimed on behalf of the Province, and more territory than the OoviMninont of Cai,ada ha.l contended to he witldn the linuts o( the Province, or thiui was contained aforesaid ; within the provisional lioundary lines And whereas hy chapter twenty-ei-ht of the Acts of the Parlian.ent of the United Kin-dom of Oreat Britain and Ireland, passed in the session held in the tliirty-fouilh and thirty-fifth years"of Her Majesty's reij,M., and intituled "An Act respectin- the ostihlislinient of Provinces in the Dominion of Canada," it is enacted that the Parliament of Canada may, from time to time, with the consent of the Le-islatuie of any Province in the Domini.m, increase, .liminish, or otherwise alter the limits of such 10 Province upon such terms and conditions as may be ajrree.l to by the said Lei;islature, and may with the like consent, make provision respecting the effect and operation of any such increase, or diminution or alteration of territory in relation to any Province affected thereby ; JotKT Sic. II. The Arhitratioiu Ontario Act, 42 Vic, Cap, 2, 187'J. And whereas it is proper that the boundaries determined by the said award be adopted and confirmed ; Therefore Her Majesty, by and with the advice and consent of the Legislative Assembly of the Province of Ontario, enacts as follows : — 1. The Legislature of the Province of Ontario consents that the Parliament of Canada may declare that the boundaries which by the award of the ariiitrators aforesaid were .lecided to be the noit:ierly and westerly boundaries, respectively, of this Province, shall be and are the northerly and westerly 20 boundaries thereof, whether the same increase, diminish, or otherwise alter the trub northerly and westerly limits of the Province. LECTURE OF SIR FRANCIS KINCKS (ONE OF TJIK ARBITIiATORS) ON THE NORTH- EHLY AND WKSTERLY P.OUNDARIES OF ONTARIO, AND THE AWARD RELATING THERETO, MAY G, 1881.* Sir Francis Hincks having been introduced to the meeting by the Chairmim, the Hon Sir W P Howland, K.C.M.G., C.B., delivered the following lecture :— Sir Wm. Howland, Ladies and Geni-lemen, Before entering on the subject t., which I propose to invite your attention this evening, I must Lecture of Sir express to you the deep gratification which I felt on being invited, (hiring a recent visit to address a I''''"''' 30 Toronto audience, after the lapse of .'^o many years. Should my life be spared for another twelve th«"Bubj:.ctof months, a period of fifty years will have elapsed since, as a young man, I .settled in the old capital of Im^""'"^' Upper Canada, then popularly known as Little York, but within two years aft-n-wards incorporated as the city of Toronto. Ten years after my first settlement at York, I became a member of the Govern- ment of United Canada, and was under the necessity of taking up my residence at the capital, since which time, with the exeepti.,n of about two years, when the .«essirn'i'in'.j to lavo tho diMputcd lionndary of I'l" Pro- vince of Oritirio to Ih! di'tfMininc ! liy Arliitriitois, I nmy rcniarU tliat tlii>vo am innny proci-dcnts for snfh a mode of settlinj,' contlietin-,' (•laims. It U (ortunatc that tlii-rc is no daiirji-r of this ipicstion, complicated though it is at prescnl, leadinrr to tlm fcarliil consotpiuncus whicli history, iis widl a^ our diily (iliH'rvation, toiichcH us to bn the result of toiTitoriid dispiit's. A very iar^o proportion of tlio wars wliicii liaso occurred durint; past cenlurics, and wiiicli have entaih-il such inuncnse losses of blond and treasure, must lie attributed to (piarrels re^jfar linj,' bmnidaries ; and in modern times the ex])cdiency of resorting' to arbitration as the best mode uf settling sueh disputes, has been very giiiiurally admitted. 10 CHITICISMH ON THE AW.VUIl. In the case of the Ontario boundary arbitration in I.S7H, tii'' unanimous award, niide after a most ^^luids"' "''"^ *'^''''^"' '""^ eonseientiouw examination of tlio voluminous papers submitted to the Arbitrators, together Him-ks on with tlio eases of tiio learned counsel on both sides, hivs been sevcrelv criticized, not only by tin; Select tilt.' HMnjt'CCOl ^ J n t *-r " *i V tlwAward, Lominittce of the House of Commons in ISSO, but by the leaders of tlie Dominion Government in the Senate and ^Io^^e of Conunons, during the last s-ssion. it has ben stated as an obji'ction t tho competency of the Arbitrators, tliat two of the thiee were not inenib'-rs of the legal prot'ession, but I liave been unable to find any jireci'dent in analagons cases for confining the choice of arbitrat'Ms to lawyer-i. In one of tin! most leeent ca^es, when arliitrators were appointed to determine the boundaric,s between Zululand and the Transvaal in South Africa, there was one lawyer, the Attorney-General of 20 ;he Cape, joined witli a civilian, and an nfTic^r holding tlie rank of Lieut enant-Colonel. I own that I fail to discover tlie value of special legal attainments in such a ca'^e ; and, moreover, there wore before the Arbitrators eonfticting opinions given by eminent judges and lawyers. The greatest judges are far from being infallible, and are themselves always desirous of the assistance of counsel, whose duty is to submit every point of law, and every fact, in support of their respective clients. Let me, for argu- ment's sake, suppose that in a trial lieforo a judge, a clause in an Act of Parliament had a special bear- ing on the ".ase in controversy, and that the counsel, whose client would bo benefited by that clause, were to fail to bring it to the notice of the Court, and that the judgment afforded proof that this im- portant clause bad not engaged the judge's attention, surely it would not be coutctiided that, however- eminent the judge might be, his judgment ought to carry as much weight as that of a non-professional 30 arbitrator whose o]iinion had been formed after a full consideration of cireumstanees, which had never been brought umler tho notice of the judge. I shall have to make a practical application of this sup- positious case to the disputed boundary of Ontario on the south-west, and as bearing on the judgment of Chief Justice Sewell in the ]^e R:'inhard case, which was concurred in by his colleagues. I must, before doing ,so, notice as lirietly as possible some statements, wliich appear to me to Im a snflieient justi- fication of ni}"^ placing on record the rea.sons which induced the Arbitrators to make the award wliioh is now the subject of controversy. During the .session of Parliament held in 18S0, a Select Committee was appninted by the House of Commons to imjiiire into and report upon all matters coiuiected witli the boundaries between the Province of Ontario and the unorganized territories of the Dominion. The report, concurred in by nine out of tliirteen members of tliat Committee, declares that "tlie award does 40 not declare the true boundaries of Ontario," adding, "it .seems to your Committee to be inconsistent with any boundary line ever suggested or proposed subsecpient to the Treaty of Utrecht," One of tho principal witne.s.scs, Mr. William McD. Daw.son, a portion of whose evidence is embodied in the report, stated that the Arbitrators had adopted a boundary " which was not a possible one," Sir John Mac- donald is reported in Ihinmrd to have said:— We have only to read the written statement of one of those Arbitrators, Sir Francis Hincks, in which he admitted they did not settle the true boundary, to be convinced." Sir Alexander Campbell was reported to have made substantially the same statement in the Senate. It has .seemed to me that such allegations as I have cited, render it desiralile that tho public should be put in po.ssession of the grounds, on which the Arbitrators concurred in an award, which, although adverse to tho claims of the Ontario Government, was promptly accepted bv it, and 50 8ub.se(|ucntly l>y tlic Provincial Legislature. righ Ill 10 - till, .-..Mire I HUUTH-WKSTKHN mX/NDAIlV. I s!,all first cn„si.l..r the So„tl,-\V.,Mt..rn Boun.la.y. It is .vi.i.nt fr,„„ tl,o r.p„rt of tl o,„,„,tto,.. tl,at >ts tnun.T attm.|,o,I ,„uci, K.vat. r wei^^ht to (■„,„,nissions to Uov.'ru.rs „, -nn,lHr.es, tl.an kl.o Ari-itrators ,li,l. ConuMi.si.ns may 1..,. of assistanre in int.-nnvt, - lan,,ua^.> .n an Act of i'arliann.nt, l,„t whore the .nmninj. of an Act is f.vo fron, .iouht i, , 1,.. set aM.l. l.y a C..n.m.s.s,on. Tl,e south-westen. ho.m.Iary of Ontario .l..,„.n,]s on the eonstrua.on of he n.ponai A,.t of I774,on tl,ee,.eet of tl. snl.,..,„,.nt t.vatv with the'llnit.,! States, of , ,S | n wii Satr' "f ;^r " "■ "'r ^^ i "'"■ '^ '- '•"""•■''"•^ ^" '^••"^•''- ^^^ -— ^-^ ^ '-'-" 10 and ranee, winch eontanu.i the following provision : 'In onler to estaMish pea.., on soli.l an.l ! n foundafons and to ren.ove forever all Hul.ject of dispute with regard to the iL.its of the Ih 'ti' rench terr.tones on the continent of An.eri.a, it is agreed ti,at for the future the contines between the andPontc at.u.ntothesea .... provided that the navi.^aition of the Mississippi shall 1 ,„allv ^sT ;; ' ''''T "' '''"''' ''""''' "^ ^" ""^^'' ^' ^''--^ '" '^'^ ^^''"'^ '•"-''>' an.l len,tl n ts ource to tl.> sea The treaty Iron, which I have just .p.oted wa. concluded on the lOth R-bruar 20 wh.ch was Quebe •. the western bo.n.dary of which was li.xe.l at the south end of Lake Nipi.sin- In loven"'ent'!; 'f '''T-"""^ ''" "'"""' '•'-''"■^'^^'•^'^^'"-- ^ '^ 'he necessity of establishing a settled SvV: t .,■■'■ V'.'" "•' "'^^•'■••"•"^•"t "fany kind existed, a bill was introduced by the Governn.ent «t the day, the ohject of which was clearly sUted by Lord North in hue-ua^e wldcl I Bha hp.o,. - It ,s well known that settlers are in the habit of yoin, to the interior j^arls fr.n t u to tnue. Now, however undesirable, it is open to Farlia.nent to consider whether it is it there should h. no .ovenunent m the country, or. on ,he contrary, separate and distinct .overnn.ents, or wlu th r he scat ered posts should be annexed to Canada. The House of L -rds have thought proper to annex ^:: w :r r r t ""t'^^ ^'"^ "-^^ '""^^ '^ '^•""^ ^"^•^'""'-^' -'^' ^'-^ '^ '« ^'- j--"s so tha i • n '•■-,;/''"-'-<> those countries, that there should be some .overnn.ent. n.y opinion is 30 that, It .entlemon wdl weigh the inconveniences of .separate governments, they will think the least in- .mvenient me ho.l is to annex those posts, though few in population, great in extent of ter i,ry- rath r than to leave them without govemn:ent at all, or make then, .separate ones. Sir, the anne^a-' tion likewise is the re.ult of the desire of the Canadians, and of those who trade to th,.; settkrnts who think hey cann.>t trade with safety as long as they remain .separate.' Now. it must be borne in nund that the pr.nc.pa posts m the umngani.e.l territories, when the Act of 1774 was passed were situated on the River Missi-ssippi, and of course in British te,rito,-y bv the Treaty of 170:} The ,,re- ten,s.on ol the advocates of the due north line, which is the bou.i.la.y claimed by the Dominion, is hat Par lament delil.erately abandoned the natural boundary of the Mississippi, the.vby excluding from the 40 ngl conceivable motive a conventional line running due north from the junction of the Ohio with the M..SS1.S.S1PP,. I IS well known that the Bill w.s introduced in the Ilo.i.se of Lords, in 1774 and that as sent .lown by that House to the Co.nmons the description was " all the said territories islands ami countries heretotore a part of the territory of Canada in North America, exten.ling southward to he banks of the River Ohio, westward to the banks of the Mississippi, and northward to the southern boundary ot the territory g.-anted to the Merchants Adventurers of England tra.ling to Hudson's Bay an.l which .sard ternto.-ies. islands and countries are not within the lin.its of .some other British Colonv as all,.we.l, and conlirmed by the Crown" Now it has never been pretende.l that there w^s any bv Sf u'^'TvTT " '" the western boun.lary, but a.liscussion was raise.l in the Commo..; by Mr Edmund Burke, then agent for the State of New York, who had .loubts wd.ether umler the 60 description, Canada i.ught not encroach .,n territory on the north-east ..f that State, which hadact.iallv been m . ...pule, una winch by anncable agreement ha.l been ma.lo over to New York, reservincr the rights of Canadian settlers in the disputed territory. The territor-y on the Mississippi 1,;.] never "been .lOINT Vl'I'KNlH' Arliit Li'ctiirft of Sir P'raiicit. Miiu'Ks "n tlH.'sulijwt of till' Vwiird, 18«1. 112 Arwlmx. '" '."''P"*"' •''""'"« *'"' pratract..,! wrm In'twecn the British an-i Kr.'ii.-li r.^^aidirii,' J i.iftiii'^ in the Ohio valley. 8i.c. II. Tkf A Hnlrntinn, INTHXTION (ir A intcrefere with the Mississippi houndary. The chang.- In the description of the boundary was mand."' ^''' *^*' *^'^"'"' '" ''"""»'"ce to arrange tlio new description. It is .said "the differ 'c was wh.thc" the Hiiick.on tract of country not inhabited should belong to .New Vork or Canada," and most a.ssuredlv this dilfer- lIlP 8l|MJ(.'Ct 01 I 1 *1 1 1 • th« AwarJ. ence could not possibly apply to territory on the Mississippi River. I shall now cite the boundaricH ns finally agreed to by the House, and 1 recpiest your most particular att(!ntion to the first words, which seem to me to deserve much more consideration than has Im'cu given to them by the advocates of tho due north line, from the c • .•n.in..Mt co,.n..l l.y wl,o„. I),- U,.i„l,„..,, .as .l..f..,.,, I^ a.. 1.0 '.oda-n-Uion oF .7... - i.,elu,lin, all tl.o t..nito..y to tl.:w;;twa.'l .u.,1 2^.1 Ju^Zl o„ ^"t;, 't " "'7^ ^^^;"' " .^''" '^ ^■•y -"0,1 o.. l..o,v,. ,.y tho , e OF (• la," sr 1,.. it;.. i i is ; " '"'^'■'" ;"^;" "';• '"t-'l-tMtion plac,.,i on tI,o A.t of 1774, l,v tl wl,„ I„.M ,l,:,t nrto , ' '"' ^^'•"''^™""'^ -- »-'• !■ — "-' to tl.o ('.....t i,. IMS. lla,l it l...en po.nto,! o, t to tl,o ..,„„„.,.t j,„Ig,.H wl,op,.,..si,l..,l .,„ t!,.itoc..asi,„., that tho l.,,,....,,., ..F tl„. Wt of 1774 n:;;;.^'::;; -irTT"" '''r':;'V'^ ••'- "- ^''-' ^ "^i- ti.. t,.,...i,o..i,.s:is,an.is «ii co:;.:^ r : h, ,. ,:,'"" :' ""■ ''■''"'" "^" ^•'••"'^ l'nt.u..;'lH.Fo,o .l.|i„i,., tho l„.,.,Hlan..s, it n.i.ht , T''"'V'''^' '" T.^"'^'"" "'■ ''-' '''' ^^■-''' ''-" ' - "-'i^'.^t tl...t ov'.. ift lo -., nv nn n "i " l"""-"' ''^ "'"""'"^ """''' ^'•"'^^"'>- •"^^■" '-" -'i-n.lerstoo.l. To oO "3 nvn n„„.l there is no a...t,„M.it.v in tho la..-,.a^c. Ti... nhjoct oF the Act was to nrovi.In ., the M,s.s,s.s.,,p. was n.u.lu.,1, th,. wo,.,l ■ no,thwar,r' uas ,,,.ite .s,.ilic.i..nt as tho " ll; nr T'; , T '"" T'"'^'"' ""^ "'-"'lity uF..xcU..l,n.tl.o s,.ttlo,„ont.on tho ,.iv....1'..„ the heneht OF a,. Act c\n.t\y inten.K.l fo,- U....,., an,l of al.a,.,loni.i,^ a n,tt..ral l,o,.n.Ia,v like tho Mill M,.p, .n on 0.. o n.n a line ,h.o no.th. .itl.o,.t anv ....oeivaMo o.,ioo, is {.......prehonsihle o o W 7. an.l n ,t o., tha o 1774. an,l ,t will he Fonnd on roFen.,.co both to the a,-„..„o.,ts of co.n.o L to the j„.l.,nont ol the Conrt. that the n.ost i„.porta,.t braneh oF the decision vvas that ti.e ^c- of 'l70 40 only a,.tho,..ze.l the .livision o. the oM l>.-o..in..o of Quebec ioto two sopa..-.. P.-ovinc s a , I e.^ q..ently tha the Procla.nation conhl not be inte.p.vte,! .. ,ive U ,pe.. cL.a.h,. a„v t,.,.^t,:.- nl i not boo,. ,n..h.,|,..l ,n th,- ohl Province of Quebec. Now, the A,.bit;.„to..s w,.,.e ,.f opinio., t hat !n I po.nttl...j,.,,..ntoF the Court .h.iivo,.e,l..t Quebec in m. was ......oct, an-l conl! Im ^ .0 n.,a,jes o, Ontano n.u.t b. |.:„it,.,l to those of the P,.,.vince of Q,u,b..c as ,lc,i.Jl bv U. t ^ 1.74. 1 ere have been so ...any op.niot.s. wh,,.], I adu.it to be .-ntitlcl to .reat weight, in favour , the b,H„ula.T wh.c , was cont .n,l,.,| (W by :he eu.in,.,.t couuh.I Fo.. the p.. s.u.e.- in the De U h a l.Jl t.>beco.Tect; I must, howevr. pou.t our that it is tho .lutv oF a lawye,-, when ,l,.Fe...li,.. a cr....„.al, t,> sp.^rc no clFort to p.-ocu.-e his acp.ictal, a..,l, in ..hinkiu,^ the De ReL.;.,,! case ov . i n, ^ 50own nn„,i ,t oecunv,! to n.o that if ...uns.l ha,l cnten.lel fo.- the Mississippi b.n.n.huv as tl,.! esUbhsh.., by he Aet o. ,774 a..,l ha 1 eoncu...-.! with the A..bit.-ato..s, that afL' t:,e t.va.v ,:! p!!::! ^v.th u.e l,n..ed btu.s ... n«3, the „. .s. ,.o.-ti.- weste.u a,.gle of the Lake oF the Woo,ls beca.ue the l.> .liilM' Ap.'i:m.i.x. Si.r. II, I.wturi. elf Sir l.'r.uicis l.inirkn nil th'' Hlllljl.'Jt of tl,i. A^'ufil, 1S.SI. lU .lorxr S.)c. I r. A'-liitr.iliiin, Iiecture of Sir KraufiH Hiiicka on the Hiil)j(,'cto' "ic Award, 18H1. uuth-^vos ho,.n, ary, thev .n.^l.t not l,.v,. .suv.mI tlu- p-ison.T wl.on. tl.cy were .lef..n,lin.r Th. ovi- •knc. on bo tnal as to the ,.n.,.i.s,. lo,.ality of J)alk.,s w,,,s eondictin. hut to a vorv .li,I>t ^xt^-ut. Mr. Sax, a w.tnos. or the tVon„, 1h.|.1 that Porta,,,, .Ls Hats was th. uorth-wost'an J., an,l that its to no,th-wo.st.n„ an.lo .„ 04° 2o'. Now. Dalh. is i.laml i,. !)-t" 40' w.st lon^itud,., an.l wouM or ..ghtccn nuios fron. the ,uost north- w.st.rn point of tho Lake <.f tho \Vo,„ls, an-l that it was on a hav h. t^ • f/"-";^""'^ " ""' ^'■^'^' -tli- western boun.lary of Ontario, then Upper (Jana.hv, it wo,7l.l 10 tho An ml ';"; l"'*"'^"'^:^'^^^' *-• '-^ ««"•'-• f> I'HVo conten.ie:■y/7-'''"^''y -••?.'»-• '"-t strenuously that the I'roehunation iksued in uccor.l- ance v.tb the At ot 1 ,.)1. ha,l eonsulerably e.xto.uled tho boundaries of Upper Canada. I confess I IxnerN'Ts'l^r •'"'''T'.' "' """' "'" *'"' '''"*'"' "'''"'""^ -'^•"" ''•>' """^''■"'"" ->'" cl^-iu. to be Z i^w H "rrV r""''" """'•^''--■''•" ^^^'-^ '--l-y ^i--" '1-1-- in his evidence that tins woid adnuts ot no choiec u, .ts interpretation." Such was not tho opinion of Mr Sax the bn:?:i;;:r:":"'^'"^''r"""'T""'' "' "^ '''''''"'' ■- ^^'^.-hich, although inl::;ti^: IS not a little amusing, and deserves to be noticed in .ietail. MEANI.no of NOUTinVAlU). wouhMe.tT' p''"''\v-''^°'"'^'' '■'," ''"' ""''^' '■'■'"" '•'" •'"""''"" "f '^'"' 0'''" '"^'J Mississippi Rivens, 20 Z butT n ' ;:' ";■ ''^'^ '"■ '''■■^""" ""^ *'■ ^'^ ''■•'^^■""^'^ ^^" ^I'P- ^'-'-la-not a northward line out a due north luie. Attomey-Gennul-'Do you mean to say that a noitliward line is not a nortli line? r.anf!^^^'^>l'')T"^"'"^''' '' I"''?' '"' """' '•^' "'^^^■' '"" ""^•^'' ^'-^ '''''• «.• north north-west, or ";:; d.:; 'liLn :h:;:;ver:^ ^"'""^^^' ' ""^ """'' '"^ '^ -^ "^'^^ «°^^ ^''^-^^^ ^^ ^'- '-*" ^--^ -"-^ ^«.r«.v-tf.n.m/--And does nota northward line go to the north pole? If you ^ 1 a northward lino to run wouhl you not run it to the north pole ? not I'nifx:;;^::^^'^ ' "''^'"' "•"' •^'^'■■'^•'^ -"^ ^ ' ^^^'"''' ^'^^'-'"^' ••- ^^ '-^'-'y; ^''•"■^'' ^ -gi^t _ . .l^^....jy-6WmZ--'' What is to prevent you taking it due north ? If you had a line to run from '^" vo"^^ rioHalM It I " '^ '"'"; ""' *'""^' ^'' ^"'""•'""^' '^•-^' the course or that river northwar would you call that drawing a nortliern lino ? Mr. 6^aa;-" Undoubtedly it would be a northern line, but n(,t a .lue north line. Attorvey.G,-neral~" Would it not ? Could it be oast or west ? ;if...'?«;r-''It might according to circumstances, be a north-eastward or north-westerly line and jet a northern line-that ,s a line having a northward curse o, drawing nearer to the north polo as it progressed, though not an astronomical north line. AUorneij-Gmcral—'' U not a north lino a line northward ? Mr. Sax—" Certainly, a line running duo north is undoubtedly a northward line. AUovn,y.Oevcml~" And a line true north-westward you would call a north-v^e.stward line ? .... f '■ '"^^-''^'-''t^'y- ^ '"'f 'l"« >K»th-weHt is a north-westward line, but a line, for in,stance that runs toward the north, notwithstanding it may gain in its course more northing than wes im o easting, is not therefore necessarily a due north line, but is a northern or northward line ^ a.V/./a.^-.e Setrdl-- I really ,lo not cr.mprehen.l the distinction ; to say that a northward line is not a north line. I contcM.s, appears to me to approach the redurlio „d ul.anhL. Suppose that via a con.pas« here, and from a given point I .Iraw a ■. nori.h.wes-v..rd tint > s r point north-westward, would not tUut l.« .. ....„ ..„..,;.::i;V. ' ""' ^'"'^ '' '" '^'> terminating at a, 4U ■i '■ not that be u due north-west line ? '^:mm^ Tlif cvi- cnt. Mr. tliat its west, arul 1(1 svuulil liiti'iitors. lit liltfon iVMs (iM a I'l'ii allele it would 10 lishcd hy II iiecoid- :?oiit'e.s,s I iui to ho t'VilJoilCl! •Siix, the itructivo, i RiveiH, 20 rthvvard ■west, or witliout rthward 1 iiiiylit in from tliwiird, ao no, and )lo iw it 40 , ; :u, that iinir or line ix .v(j liad g ut a tloiNt Api'KNhlX. Sec. 11. I'hr A rhitratitm. 116 Jl/r. Sux-" It would if drawn due north-west, but if in dnuving it you gained novthoriv it would t.oin tho course ot its deviation l,u a line northward thou-h not a north lino. Chirf Ja.f!c. M-" Thon its course northward nn.st un^iuostionahly l.o duo north if a lino north- vostwar.1 y ,s a north-west lino. I want to know whether in point of fact, a faot that anv man can tUl as wo las a, surveyor, whether a line from the eastern or western point of the compass, drawn or Invard, i,s or .s not a north line. Justan.swer that question, yes or no, and then you may explain tliat answer la any way you tliink proper. ' ^fr. S,ix~' It certainly must bo to a certain extent a north lino, but not a .luo norfh lino. Chief JuHtice Snwell—" Why not. 10 Mr Sax-'' A line .Irawn from any point between two cardinal points of ti.o compas.s, direct to any cardinal pomt .s a .luo north or due we.st line as the ea.se may be; buta line may l,o,so drawn between wo points as to be called by surveyors a northward or a southward line as it ,nay chance to n,,r .t upon that point of tlie compass to which it is approaching^ as I mi -ht draw a me fron. a pomt north-westwardiy but .ainin. a northerly dir.ctio. in its course, so"that at its whicri stin'r ' ' " ""''^'"''"^ *'""" ''"■'"" ""^'^ '"""''"- '•'"■'^ *'"^" ''' '^'^ p"'"* *■••""» l''r!iiiciH 'MPOUTANC. OK A NATUHAL IU.UM,AUV. l^Z!:{:Zof 1 '"'^;r '^'•■;;-y/y f ted tl.o ...asons whirl, induced the Arbitrators to arrive at the conclusion that is^V.'""^'' the m ,.ntion ot the Act o( 1774, and its lan^ua;,^e, interpreted aooordin. to oommon .sense, was to extend the old I rov.Moe ot Quebec, .so as to include all the territories bclonfri,,. to the Crown of (Jroat Britain ... America, not Mu.|uded in the old Biiti.sh Colonies, now the (Tnitod States, nor in the territories l.olongu.g to the Hudson's Bay Company, nor in the Indian tTiitories north-west of the Mississippi 1 he v,ew taken by the Arbitrators was never presented to the Court in KSbS, and the territory between the nnaginnry due north line and the .Mississippi having, beoomo part of the I.^nited States, the'absurdity ot placing .such a construction on the Act of 1774, as w..uld have left an important strip of territory w, hou a..y government whatever did not strike the learned Judges. It, must, be borne in mind, that al hough the Commi,ss.on ot a (loveinor cannot super.se,lo an Act of Parliament, as the framer of the 30 leport ot the Commons Comuutteo of bSSO .seems t,. im tgine, it may fairlv be cited as corroborative evidence ot the mtent.on of an Act where any ambiguity of language is found to exi.st. The first Commrssion issued under the Act of 1774 to Sir Guy Carloton proves conclusivelv what was nmier- Htood at the time to bo ,n ,ts moaning. Immediately after the w.ml " northward " the words " alon-r the oa,sorn bank ot the said river" were added in the Commission. It reallv looks as if it had occurred to to the tramer of the Commi.ssion that the hastily prepared a.nondmont to the orLnnal Act might create doubt at some future time, and yet Mr. Burke, the framer of the de.seription, thus ex,>lained hi.s.n ention : '■ My idea was to get the limits of Quebec, whi.h appeared to manv as well as to nn.self mtonded to straighten the British Colonies, remove.l from construction to certainty, and that certainty groumled on natural, indisputable, ami immovable barriers-rivers and lakes where I could have them 40 hues where hne.s could be drawn, and where reference and de.seription became nece.s.sary to have thcrn towards an old Briti.sh Colony,an,l not towards this newan.l.as was thought, favourite establishment." Is ,t conceivable that the author of this pass.age I have .p-oted could have inten.led to abamlon such a natural boundary a.s the Mississippi for one without sense ov meaning, an.l the a.h.ption of which woul, have left without any government the very settlements which it was speoially intend...! to mclu.le I need only ..bservo furtluu- that I beli,.ve that th...se who maintain that th'e boun.larios were enlarge, by the I'roclamation issu.Ml un.hu- tin. act of 1701, concur with the A,bitrat.,rs in the opmionthatby the Act of 1774, the Mi.s.sissippi was the western boun.Iary of the old J'roviuce of yuobec. ErKECT OK THE TIIEATV Vmi IJ.VITK r AT !■:.". o> 50 the oJd i r have now to draw your attention to the oHect of the Revolnti T!!!.; norNT-AUY. now 'roviiicc onary War on the boundary of ot Quebec When tho treaty of peace wa« concluded at Paris, on 3i-d September, .\prKNr)ix. S.C'. II. Thr Arlilivlion. t 10 116 17.S.S, iHM.n.larios were cstablislierl to which I sl.nll I„; -fl, f , • --S a .l..,si,.o to H„,l natural l.,„„dn,io./ ' 't ^ i l'' ' 'r " '^ -«i'=i^'"tb- evi.ient that thrro tl'-n^l. Lake S„,„ri„r to ,1,. L„„. J , . ™ K i " '^'•"'"•''"'^b' the lino of .livision wns earri..,l ';f the l.!u. OF the \V„o,|s, .,,.1 ,ro, t ;^ n a hu'w'' ?""""'""^'^'';"' ^^ ^''" — t north-w.st.rn ,„.i„t 'i'^te.! in ,s-,;, written l,v Air. S. J ],aw" tlT A ! """^V";""; " ''" '''"•'' *l---l'Pi f" - l' M- tlmtthe,li,,J.n..ti.tswiu>franu.atlX;^^^^^^ '"-■'. urtery „f the vast river svsten, to Ih the '," " ■"" ""' *'" '"■^•^'^^ ' •""I-' ^"-t " "- "> ^>- ')--;• „, ,„aintain;.,l tha ' U p , i ;r; r"T'^ "T'^' ''" "'^^'^^'''''' "^ "I>P'''"' that t^he northerly waters of the MisM.i,,,,; ! ^ i ^ !' "r^'' ' ''/"'^^>' '^'"■^^- '""■*-^'^- -'• braneh or trihutary of the Mi.ssouri. ealle 1 the V , ,' I Tt> ' f "' ""^* "'^•^' '""^^ '"^^•'^' '"-'"^ a line at a point over 4.-.() ndles we.st of the L.! e o I \v" ' ' m' T '''^ '"""''' •"*"'"'^^ ^''" ''"^' " '-^ to avoi.l the conelu..i.n that the true ten , ''t ■ '^\^r-" '-'''' ^l.at " it is i„,po,ssihle western bou.ulary of Cana.la and the Ute^^s ::'';;'' '''T V'' '"'^^'y '' '^'^' -- tVat the l-ne. «houhi heat a point wp.-ards of 4:,0 i ' :t "t t 'rrT''''. 'I'' '' '''"''''''' "" ^'"^ ^'^ ^-^ M.-. S. J. Da.v,so„s opinion so late as 1S7G tcH t ,^1 .f '. ? *'" ^''""'•^■" ^ ''--referre.! to of the Lake of the Woods, as vvitlun tl . Ou at "' r^'"^""""' *''° "-•"™ten. an.le Lee...«.f7'-PPi- th^ -stern hot„.dary. ^^ \Z^:'J^1:i^:;' ^-'^ ^I"" "^ ••^'^"^"'^^*' ^« the.ubiect of « • t^ the south of such a line, nmst have heen nnawar t f ' Mi.ss.ss.ppi proper were 5^^ A.... I have ..uoted. vi... in .704, another treaty ^LoHti^r'" """ "''"' '"^ ^''^'^^ ''•'"" ^^'^'^ .>^ uncertan. whether the River Mississippil.teu.K so h '=7'""--- - ^"^o^vs :_.■ Whereas it 20 to be drawn due west frotn the Lake of t V^ W I ',' ""' ''"''''''''"' ^'^ *" •-•nter..ected by a lino between iler Majesty a„d the United ^::t^ it l^^^rT' T''^''"' '' '" ^^*^'^^>' "^ ^^-^^ nations wouM make a joint survey of the siid rive.- f.- , ' ^'^ ".^"•e''"'ent was tliat the two Anthony to the principal source o^ sourc s" tl e su ' "" T'7 1 '^'""''^ ^^"'"^^ ''-' ""'^"^ "'' «t. would not be inters.L,. K, ^^ -',•.:'!., ';.' '■':,''• '\"'' '^ ^''" •"'-'^^"It shoul.l be that the river lish would not be intersected by .such a due west line 1 1. H T '''" '''''^^"•t shoul.l be that the riv, a boundaty by a.nicable neiotiation Tld vl su n ''"'"" """'^' '"■"'^'■'^^'' ^" -f^'''- establishing the 4.th paralW of north it^rni!^!' "''^T:''"^'-' ^^^ *'- -^'-ty of I.U whenMr.S. J.l);uvsonthou,httluat.liplo t 7 . T' '""^-""'^ ^'^''^''^ '"^'^^ ^''^^ F^io. known whether the Lake of U,e Woods ^^"^ ., """r'^^;^'^ "'^'1 " ^" '^'"'"t ''-alities, it wL no iod ot XOItTll-KASTKHN noUNDAUT. I shall now proceed to state the grounds on wblM, th a i •. . the true boundary on the northeast. Up to tl e t e w ^.\^T ''''^'■'^^ ^^ their decision as to as an arbitrator, I had been under the ptl.ulin,/ i J " ^7"^ '"^ ''"'' *° '"''"'^ *''^^ ^"-'-" boundary of the Hudson's Bay Territory, it w" ! b " ! '"^ "' '-"'-- the southern Btate all the arguments which have led n.e to think that f I. ''T ^" ,'''"«^' "^ occasion as this, to were without foun.lation. 1 n.ay. however re to tl J "''"'"'''" "''''^^^ Draper prepared, regarding the clai.ns of the Coum an^- a I lite ''''T'' "'"'' ''*" '''" ''''"-'' ''-t'- Jo.seph Cauchon, who was Connuissi„nerof Crown Lands . ,.?'"'/" '^."'^"'"••'"niun. iron, the Hon. t.. the report of the Conunon.s Com.nittee as the nl ?"''''"'""'""" ^I'e appendi.x I.esun.e tlua the cause ofth,. action taken thLL:';;;:'''''r:'' ^'^- '''■ '^^^'- J>-''.m I the lease of the Indian tcr.itorie.. The ciaim V^2 \ ' "" ^ *^' ^M'P-aching t.nuinati.n oi 40 ly ciauu of the Hud son s Bay G unipany, under th eir original 50 ' in 117 chnrtcr. was descrihecl in the men,oran,lun, prepared by Mr. Dawson under the Commissioner's instn.c- ^; n. in^*^ uT^'T''^' :r'^'^^'-- -'1 ri^ht of soil ove^ the whole country wat ^l^ ^^ falhug into Hu.Isons ] ay.' 1 hnvo l,e..n unal.lo to discover any authority for so oxtensive a chim There can l.e no d„ul,t that tl,e Hudson'. Bay Oompauy thcLivcs pr ,K.sed af,o to tL v c^ aZ;V;: ':/r;v':''M''-^ r:'''^" ^"•'••T^'-'-' ^-tory lr',ort to tl.etrt;^\^ U ] ,'/'" ,^'"^ ^'"t '"" ^'"''^' ''' "'"■^'^ "f ' "P«^'-t'^ '^i^'^'>- 0" t''« vast Main Coast i:tXt rLlTa T '' :/'rl'^^'-^--'' -- ^^ -toretoCreat Britain Tnu;;^ tl^. ; t a ^i """" °r'"" ^'^' ""■'' "■^'""'•"" "'" "^'■'- ^""'P'^^-'' It was provided by UR tuat.v that xMtlunaycar Comnussjiries to bo named bv botli nartics «•,.,■,> f , if • ., 10 bnijs between the British and Froneh. and it is notorious that s^eh rou^; ' i^ . ^^ZZ^ ti.e boundaru.s. whde the French King.n.any yoar.s after the Treaty of Utrecht, dechvred w it " ence to t e p.etens.ons of the fludsons Bay Cou.pany, that he was " hnnlv resolved to m!itlh Act ot 1 01 e tabl shes the north-ea.st boundary at the tenuination of a line d.awn .lue north from the head of Lake renu,scaunn,n.e. until it strikes the boundary line of Hudson's Bay, and it is coZd d by heyerysame part,e.s uho insist, contrary, as I think, to connuon sense, that in the Ae f l"^^^^ have been to the boundary ot Hudson's Bay Territory, and not to the bay. Now, in the Act of 1774 when t,he terntor.es were really uu.ant.an.l not the bay, the language is n^t suscep ible of m,V 1 rue trim. : ZTb " 'T'"' 'T'"^ "'.''' ^"^"^^'-^ ''^''''' ^" *'- ^^^-"-^^ AiK,:. tr . t.ad,ng to ludv.ns Bay. But, as ,n the case of the western boundary, the Conunissions to various Go ernors a lord a elue to the meaning attached to the language of the Proc!au>ation by the iZHa Governnu.nt. ior a c<.ns,derable.in.e the Connuissions w.re in the precise words of the ProcIaZ io„ to t bounlary o Hud.m's Bay," but in l.:)8 Lord Durhau.'s Comu.ission contained tt wo d' untd ,t ,strd anonymous writer, over the si.n.aturo " Britannin.w ■'- r ? ^ " announced in 1878, when an he contended that the award ^a.!' open o rveoi i """f't'^r^'^' '^'"-•^ "" tl,e subject, in which millions.- -He was told in an articrt . t n V v'f 7'' ,"'""■"'' being that " the region is worth pointed to decide on bounll! ^ e l, ii^I^" -'f^' '° f ? '•-•^■^' ^'-^ " tl'" Ar-ntr.Uors were ap- Huenced b, the extent or the ^ah.: ;; Z S!:;! d^:;^'""^^' ''''' ""="^ "°* ^« ^^^ ^-" '- j^ '''"'-I' JtTJSTXCE HAUHISON ON AWAUD te:' ei.. .v., .,„ ,iv. a„ ;„,„.„ : a,;::;:; it;\ ,':„:■;;:":;::* i "r-;;' ^ " ' "-' "«■*■" award made m a matter of sucli importance th;t i. « i . i ""'''' ^''"''''^ "^'■^''' ^«'' ^n 20 say. since the award was made I la ere ,. T ' 7? *'' '"'"'^* '"""'^''^^ Singular to map, w.thout name or d.te, LI e::;c:ir ^^o l^''^ 'I ^"c'''' "^""""1'' ?" "'" ^'^""^-""^" md.cates the northern boundarv of Unpe,- Canada r b. ^""^t'tutional Act of 171)1. which '' I also received the ^W^/e ( Ion .^"0 th I "a 'T'" '"^ "'"■^ "" '"^'^ ^^'^^^ •Britannicus.' These attack,s, with he exec., io '^^ \ "" ' ^""^^"'""^ the .second letter of absurdity. Assume that all whicl Btar;^^^^^^^^^^^^ ': ' ''^■•^ P"^'ri''^. ■■'"'' the last is a perfect how does that affect the vali.iity tife ™ n '' f ^ ^- 'T'T' "^^•■''^"' '" ''^^'^"^' *' *--' W.th questions of policy. By U.e IH t o t ev^ ^ >'" ■■,"''""' ^ ""■ '"'' '^"'« °'' ""^'-'o^ '" ''<> unanin^usly decided U -on c'tli t^ ^L 1^ Ct^ ^ "I "V"^ f'""'"^"'^ '•™>-""''"^'' ^ land tl,us ,iven to the Province was ,u,l o^Ha! om ^ T ,71,:: U ' T""''- '?^"^^" ''' '' ours. Ti,e surveyor who finds the boundaries of two ots o an .'" '' "'"' "" ^"^'"^''^^ "^ turn that one piece is intrinsically nu,re valu 1 1 tl ' ' i "^ ^""■-l^^'-- addre.ssed us ventured so far co take Icve o hT . '''• ^^""° °'' ^''^ '^''''^ '^°»"'^^^1 -ho take I.. ,vc 0, h>s senses as to attempt to take such untenable ground." JEALOI'SY OF O.NTAIUO lates:e:i:r'H;Z™t ^.^'o^^onsMr. Royal, M. P., is one of the the avowed advocate of the forn.aiL: L tl^7Z^ tf \'T "^'' "'•'" '''■ ' ' ''" '^ Oniar.o, Mr. Royal contends that .Manitoba should nh. -^^ '^ h^rge portion of the Province of The masses outside of O.atario take no! nt t in M," '"r T.t''" '"P*^'-''"- '""^ ""''-'^ I^^^J'- territory, without the le..st reference 1 her t'u "h 7 '" "•" '" "'^'"^^^ ^''° •^■^'--- "^ ''''• ordim.ry assertion in Mr, W. McD i>a\vson's''evn" * ''P' ""'"''' '" ^'"'^ connection an e.xtra- consented to enter Confederation had the lec^al boundari" ' rn '"""f "'"^ ^'''^"'' ^^°"'^1 ""^' have were placed by the award of tf,e A Irat'-T 1 " r ""; '''"' '"'^"^"'"' ^'^ ^^' where they himself stated them to be in his r.oort in Is^"' There '' '"'' ™''"" ^ay, where the witness and all who share his opinions The boun-laries of Onf?," 'T'''' "!"' f"'"''"'' *" ''^''' ^^'^I^- J^'^^^^'"- Statute of 1774, the Treaty of Peace of 78" and ti?'^'^ '''•"'' "' "" ''^^^''^<^'^-- Phxced on the 1791. The claim of the Dominion, as well as'; 1 ;' ' ;'"^!'^"';^^;"'» >» confonuity with the Statute „f Mr. McI). Dawson s recent pretensil.n. whilh it^e,; s.^^^^^^^^^^ "^ ^'^ '-- the fornici- asaertions both r.f h' "• j i- : ■ - " ' - n niuni von, is at coinrilete vari.iiie-. vvJfK -.. ._e.t.on.H of h....n and of lus brother. . based on the omission to define thewesl™ 50 40 I's tlioy weru t foitli wliat a lying botli faction if 1 ilijected. I alilo, whose li Ontario is jq '8, wlieii an % ill which I in is worth r.s Wore !ip- ve been in- e Harrison ■el satlsticil ei' was an 20 lingular to liograiihed Ul, whicli ivo placed I letter of a perfect io, is true, liiiig to do imled, we u'tlier the 30 usiae.ss of lonsidora- nse! who ground." ne of tlie •awson is )vinLe of Mi's Bay. 511 of her 40 11 f.xtra- ii*^i have ere they witness !)aw,son, I o;i the atute of ihe law. Eo with western oO 119 CLAIJIS TO MORE EXTENDED BOUNDAIUES issued under t e sli a M 7^ .xXn'"! V. " T-' "' '"" "''° ^""^""' ^'"^* ""^ P-l-'ation p.ovince of Quebec, a::;;!.,;:^:! i;^^'' , ^Tn^r 'Ti't^'Vmi'V'T '":;'":""^"^ *"° had been sent to both Houses of Parlia.nent si'n viJ/f, ^''" /V'^V . 'l-.'^'^^'es that a message 10 Quebec, and it th..„ makes wovisio^f r H f ? ^ ° '"^ n.tent.o,. to divide the Province of of the old Provin eof Oubee iTi^. %^r!.^^ Provinces ,0 be created out Quebec. I have all,h tted t It IH , *"%P-«>""='tion uses the ter.n Canada instead of opposition to an lcr,fP,rli™^ 1 -T'; ' ^"^"'r''''^ Commission cannot be invoked in It seems to me tit t e^ : i, 7' ^ ^\ '^IT' '°' T'"" '''"' '""Suage is at a„ an.biguous. • not contemplated by the Ac " ll w ""'.^' ""' "^^ "T*""-"^' *" S'^*^ ^'^ -^*---" «^' ^ -■'itory the territory compiCl in U.! r r^i!,'l ^""'"'^r."? -"''"^'^ ""''^'^ ^* '" ^^""^ Dorchester, descil,,. Tenn^scannngue t^^ et nd.uv' t H^ "; M '"'" '" *'" ""*"'^^'^ '^^^ *''« '"^ *"-" '-'- Arbitrators c ..curred " wit It" u 1^,' 7\^ T" '"'' °' ""' ^'^^ ^'"^''^^^ "^ ^"^'^-•" '^'l- western boundary to tl/a e^ Mis ,T ' rlcf Court in 1818, as to conHne the River and it mnsi 1,. ,.1 vl n ? statute ot 17/1, the western boundarv was the Mississippi L: ::;lt ' o e B :;: ^r tr^if :; t ^^ 'f '- "'^^'r '^^ -^^ -^-^^^^-^ ^"^ ^-^>' ^^ be impeache.1 as ineou tx ' n H , Moreover, he admitted that the award "cannot •-tun^.i:?1n:iS^;icr'i;tewoS:;:rt:;1 "^" ""''^-'^'^^ the Arbitrators had 30 respects n could be mater.allv i np.o e ' T d, iT h t tb r"" ""^ ?T ''■'. '"J '^ "'^ ^" ^^'^'^^ taken bv tho writer in tl, . 1> t *^ *'''''^*' '' '""'='^ ^« '^"^ "^^^^J '» favour of the view MeD^uod wrhasTutitr'^ '"^' "'"'•' ^ '''' ''"^^"'-^^ the vi.w of the Hon. Wm. favou o tl e Mi t , ?"' ," '''■^' ^■"'■''"^""^'' "^"^^ ^^''^" '^'^^ P'-'-unced Imuself strongly in f 1774 Pcc^lvTri ""'''"" ''" ^:'^^'^^"" """"'^'^''^ «^" ^'- P--"- »f Quebec, under tl.; Act HON. WM. MCDOUOALL'S OPINK'N to ad^lTwttif :;.^:!^r''^'H "''""r" ^'° -^^^--^^ly boundnry.and it n.ay be convenient words "boundary line of Z ion's BW h .^^^^ T .''"^ ""' '"" ''"^ ^^"""'^ "'^'"""^ ^'"^ ^''^ did not state the Jonn 7 u. '■ '^'^'l ''«'^'^ '^ '^^'-''-'cal error of the Attorney-General, but as he Tigh i .,p uHow vT ?""""; • '"" ""'^'''' to ju.lge. whether they are entitled to any year 1S(!< 1.0 T I ^^'""^^■' '••'•"' ''■« ov.dence b.fore the Committee, that when in En.dand in the ™ ; ir;:,rf ;^';m "t'"„-° '^^^^^^^'^ "^•^^''^'•^•- '^-"''p''- --^^ clerical l!:^ uSilTle ,;7 Coh.n.alomce without success, and then went to the Pr.vy Counei 1^ x^;'on J I ;: ui '': ^^^l"'-^-^— ^'^ ^-t. which, he said, l. opened " with a good deal of Muds n'sBav'' 1 I " 'T'-' "'"" ""' "•'"'"'^' Proclamation. " to the boundary lino of w lo bo n T • T"' '^''""' '" '^''^ "P'"'"" ^^"^^ " -f' ^^'^'-^ ^^-^ '-'r'"- of the .-\tt.ornoy.LneraI 60 McDougall hnnsell has erred .n Ins cndusiou that an error was coutmitte.i by others ? The Arbitrators .foiNT Appkndix. Sre. II. Arliit ration. Lecture of .Sir I''runai8 liiucks on tlie subject of the Award, IWI. 120 J Appk ^KNmx. ^"°;^ •?°*''"'^1>; '^'^'l''^"' ""tf^*-^! themselves justiHod in as.s.nning that tl.o I'rochiu.ttion i.ssued in SeTTi 7";°7"'*f ":'t'' '^" ^^'=t of Pai-lia.nout containe.! an important error. Mr. JMcDou,rall likewise -stated * nc '''^' ^'^-^ Arl.itmtuis " had touml in some conununieatio,,. betAv.-n the Imperial Covrnment ami their ^r6,^,„„. officers in this country, the words 'to the boumlary line of Hmlson's Bay.' - This seems t. mean extraordinary mode of uo.scril.ing a Procia.nation issu.-d on the authority of the King in Coui.eil, for the division of tiie 1 rovince of Qiiehec, in accordance with .n Ac^t of i-ardament. .Mr .McDou-Ul took no notice ot the Commisshms in which ti,e shore of ih.lson's liay wa. declared the boundary, nor do.s he seem to have recollected that on evry occasion wh.n the territorial b .undary was meant the descnpt.on was invaiiably " the territory belonging t , th- .Merchants A.lvonturers tr.iding to Ilud-son's Kty. Mr. . cDougall has acknowle.iged that the llu.lson's Bay Comiuu.y had at one time agreed to 10 accpt the A hany Iwer as the southern boundary of their territory ; an.l although it was never agreed to by he ingh contracting parties, stil! the fact that the Hudson's liay C.m.panv at that period made no claim to any country .souih of the Albany R;ver is co.dirmat.ry of ti.e correctness of the awanl. Ma. w. JU'D. d.vw.son'.s opinion. I .sl.all now proceed to the consi.l.ration of another view of the b.mndarv question. In the report of he Se ect Committee of 1880. th.. evidence of Mr. W. .McD. Daw-on is prominently brought forward as that ot the per>on " who wa.s the first to investigate the case on the part of Canada, in 1857. than whom _ no one .should have a more thorough knowled.e of the snbj,..ct;' Mr. Mel). Dawson him.self ¥rl"r' ^'"*'T V" ''\** '""''^T"' *''''' ''" ''■'■"*" '' ''^'"^ '" ^''•'~' t'"- "'^" ^'"'"mi.ssioner of Crown Lands, which, he Kri"o°tof ' ' *'^"''' "^ *"" *''" C«""'o^'^'-sy tl'Ht Ims since taken place in relati.r.s, and on the north, to the heLdit of hvul dividing the waters whieh How into Hudson's Bay, from those emptyin;' into the Great Lalcvs Such was the Dominion claim made in 1872, in the form of a draft of iiisU-uctions for a Commission to be appointed to survey and lo<:ate the boundaries. If the Dominion couns.d had n-glected to suppoit the pretension, winch they were retain,-d to .lefend, they would of course be liable to censure but it has never been preten.Ied by any one, until very recently by Sir John A. Macdonahl. that th.-v faile.i for want of zeal am sure that the Arbitrators would have unanimously borne testimony to their exertions ,n .support o! th. boundaries, which they were instructed to contend for. But then they did not 50 2( 80 » 40 . I I ■ t 1 I c C t 50 d ion isHueil in awisc stated * it ami tlicir IS t ) Ml'.! !IH (j)uiicil, for )i)iigill (.ouk ly, IlDl' (loi'H iiiraiit llio to IIuiIsou'h [)e agrot'd to 10 lovor aj^i'eud iod made no vard. 1 the report jlit forward 1«57, than :on himself 1, wldcli, lie roto." IJe 20 ort, li.nin;,' for such a efidly read n from my [r. Dawson the learned ■iiiL,' on it," ([notation ch J shall 30 Dominion, isulted, he enow most lie to the itreal, for s peculiar )rofession, ocate the 40 Dominion idian due t 111' latid .'s. Such iion to lio jpoit the ut it has failed lor lixertions did not ,50 121 LrLf ;!„:•; ;^™d t.v: '\T"t^ '"" r ''V'^ '- ^ ^^^ -''^ ^^-^«-- ^«*-- ^^- -- of 1857 wnnhl wJ ',,,""*/" ^^^^- '^^"^t assurclly, no lawyer who had read Mr. Dawson's renort ^''""""^ would have app J or aid i^sup rof til' " 'a ''V" "" '" ''''' '"'^^"" '^ ^'^^^ ^'^^ ---•- evidence will suffice H7sa | I I p v " ''''"''*' "'' '^'^ '■™'" ^'- ^^'^- Dawson's ~ shore of Kudson's Bav the A i -f / ' '^°''' '^'"' '" c^rnmencin. their description at the Commission hl8?r'wcho,^''l"fi' T"h ",""'," ''''^'^ ''^^■'"" ^^^^^^^^^ ^° ^^'^ ^^-hani's in his evide;c vi-o^tl d l^ho p"" ' ^""''^^^,-^« ^'^^« Superior. Mr. Dawson states 10 part of the old Provire of^ O^^^^^^^^^^ Upper Canada no longer subsisted as a divisional the language in thr Com ni^ n ^f a f '"'°" '"^"'^ ''""' ""^ ^^^''^ ^'^ °l-'°- t'^^* in the report it "s Til '• rmav hT/ i wiT .'''^ '''^'''"^' ""^ ^'' '^ Parliament, although seemed to^.ron^ly of hropirnl,:^ ""7 '^V ^'^" '^^''^''■' ''^'^^^ •-- Committee could not be alter;.! by Col L to Go vZ"" t '7"""'^' "''' '^^'^^^'^^'^ governments, opinion at present meLv to Zn / . ^°^'''^'''- ">' P'oclamat.ons." I refer to Mr. Dawson's Dominion claim tirl'^jj t hif if" T^'^f '''''' ""' ^"""■^'^' °'"'^*">''^'' *° ^^--^« ^^^^ suggest a cse. uJl^l^,:^:;i;^';i^^-^^^ ^T'I TTT"^^' ^ '^- ^'' "^ en.ployed, to abandon altogether the prc^e' ' m o S h- T V , ,", * " ^'"""'^ '"""^''' ^^'^'^ ^* ' Dawson theory, if I may so tern, it t^fH Macdonald in 1872, and to adopt the 20 Commission to Lord bZZ in 83S a f " •"' Tf" ''^""'^'"^ "'^^ ^'^ ^''^ determi„ed^,y a ' decision been prec ly a it wa, a's t T ^"^ 1, '*" '"* ^"' "' ^"^^^ '^"f'""'-' ^'^ '-^ ^he been the conse' ucu.ce ? W y Z' o le I'd ^1 thTD ' ' "T'h '^7 '""' ^''^^' ^ ^•^'^' ^""'^^ ^^^ "^"^ ' '' thattheGoverLentofMnkcrnlVadd^^^ Province of Ontario R..fu-.„n *i ""' "^'"^7 ^ ™''"^'^*-'^ *'^« "f.''^^^ ot the Domu.ion to the «'« Aw«d, dary, th!re i.saU Ist on^ nr in oT H " ""'"'' ''" '" '"''""^"^ ''"^' '^'^'^ ^^ "^ ^^--iPPi ^oun! ^^^• Act, but they acknowledge it as thei ' do T r M n ^ ""% *"'" niterpretation of the that the Province of C.nada 1 . Z. V\ '' ^'''''"" '"P"*^"^*" '^ altogether, and claim over which it ad xer i d iu isd L T"' ' ' "''"^ "' ''" ''^-'''^' "^ ^ Commission, of territory 80 bo no difference ropr,, am hti^";""'^' T'. ^^^''" ' ''''' '^""''^'^ ''''' °" «"^ P'^* ^^ere can '^heircounsel.t:maS^ hr^^^i^; Cl^,!;, ::Sr''^ T' ^''''' ^" ^"^^^"^^^"^ of Sir John Macdonald. Even if M D,t t „' "w ^f T. . '" '"* '°"""' '^ ''" Government bo the reverse it would bnv>V ^^^.sons view of the question were as .sound, as I believe it to ominion claim, not that of the Messrs. Dawson ; and they performed it faithfully. MR. WM. MCD. DAWSON'S INCONSLSTENOY part I? u:iStL?:„d''he^:r:e:' ^^'t '"- r '^''''- ^'^ -^ ''- ^^^™ «^ ^"*-^°. *^- which he subsequently adopted n 1 SO Tl 1 "'• ''I™"; '" """"'^^ ^^'•^* "^'"'"'^ ^^^^^ ^^^ «- as the birthright of the e !« o Zl 1 P T"'T ^i ^'' '"^' ''''^"'^'^ ■■ " ' ^''^''"^'^ *^^^« '=°'^"t"«« 40 forward by me would have in^^^ U-nted Canada." but he soon after admitted that "the claim put but that w^i orr oi "V sZal "^'T' "f f """"^ """*^^"^^'' *° "^^ ^^^'^^ ^^ ^pper Canada, ment and one ll s atue anret X I™" '"^^ """^ """^ '™^'"'^"'' "'^^'^^ '^ «— the other portion of the Un t"d Provinces ' Thi" """'"' J^l " ™"'^' *'^ ^^^^^^^ «^ *^« -« ^ The claim was either inZordlT^u^J^'l - a specimen ot Mr. McD. Dawson's mode of reasoning, Dawson must idmit iLTJty . . °* ^^^^' °'" '^ ^^^ ^'^'^^^^^ foundation. In 1791 Mr Lower C^rda eeam ^^^^^^^ ^" ^^^J^^^ P'--- "^ Q-^-e, which w.s not comprised in conve-dence, 1 ofcourTe lu "tl Tt\ J'"' '''^'''^'' ^^-^-y- - I -i^ call it, for the'sake of Ontario retained th ZS b" Ir s o^^l" 7"'1' '"' "i^" ''^ '^^'^^'"'^^^ ^^^^^ ^^^^ ^P-^t^'^- they have never pretfXtlmT^^^^^^^^^^^ Upper Canada. To do the Dominion Government justice. .0 di.sp^uted what tliL^ rd^ realL^r ^ Cl^.lJ^-.^T^^''''^ "^^ '''] ^''^ ^g things open to them to declare," vz. : 1st, « That Ontario embraced the whole North- 122 Joint Appkndiz. The Arbitration, Lecture of Sir Francis Hincks on the subject of the Award, 1881. West Territory under the rroclamation of 1701, wliieh I have ju.st disinisserl aa untenable," The Arbitrators dismissed it iiivewise, nItlioui,'h Mr. McD. Dawson's report of 1857 was calculated to induce them to adopt that bound;iry. 2ii(l,"That it was bounded by the line prescribed by the Quebec Act of 1774." That was precisely what the Arbitrators di.l decide, alth()uj,di the precise boundary was necessarily governed by the terms of the treaties between Great Britain and the United States, negotiated during the interval. ;h-d, "^ That a more recent detinition, which they sctur.ed to have intended to adopt in part, should prevail." Mr. Dawson is completely mistaken if he imagines that the north-eastern boundary was adopted on the ground of the langiiaj,'e in the Commissions of Lord Durham an /^ol's Bav " d ro7"" "' ""'"'"" '^" ''^"'•'' '^"^ '^'-"^"--^ ^'-^-^ On this Mr. W. McD. Dawson e aX '^^: W '^^^^^^^^ Charter, marked "F." as I would translate that vor; :: ^d^^u I 7 "u f*^ Tbl"; •^"'' T'' ^" ''• '"'' ^"^""'"^ ^'-*' Dawson did not, wh..n pointin-. onf fl . °'."'"'"*'. "^f"^^' '' --^'^^ly ^^^'^r such a construction." Mr. McD. that this rnis,,u<;tatio: Z !, c . tt wS! T "f ''"'• '^'^""'^ ''^^^ ^^^"""' ^'^^^ *° ^'^ ^-^ ^-^ «' «i' withoutascerUiningitscorrectn sT; nade h .;::L Ifrt"'^^^^ f'^ '°'"\ ^^^^'"-^^ -cepted &o„ ten years have elapsed, is still in dispute ^ *'"''"""' '^""" ^^'^"'=''- '^'"'^"gh nearly t-|^-'of The nn f " . • ""''^"^ '''°''''° '^'^ ^"""'""^ "^' «^^ ^«^°E «N APPEAL. 20 Arbitrators, who faithfully dischated" "Zhf '"*^ *V"ru' ^"^'-"^''-"tof the treatment of the unanimous award, arrived'^at af^r I artfC tlv W l\ , • '' """ ''""' "^^^^ ^" P-^^^-'"- ^^'^eir without previous consultation or om u n a o of "^ "t ^ ?'"'' '' ""^ "'"'^"'^'^ ^" *'- --' -"^ manner wholly without preced nt to 1 c b t ( r'". ";"' "" ""''''"■' ^'^^ ^•^'^" '^"-'^-» *- - Great Britain would repudiat^an aJ om nVlr 'I / ^l" P-suaded that no Governn.ent in question to arbitration. This ho vevef ati:t vT-k / 1 V ' '''■ r^'""^"^'^ '"^ 1-ve a disputed wish to state that my own anxiousTe's re wo T H IT" "". '"''■""°" "^ ^i.scussing. I merely award to the higlu.st judicial tribuL^^n^ t ^''^^ .^''^^''^ «''°"1'' l^e an appeal to set aside the statement of Mr^ S. J Daw" n ^ " nort^d " l'^^^'^^ '•^-^ *« --rd my entire dissent from the anything like full infor.uat n o, t uti L a! l""' ' T " ''V''"'' ""^^ "^^° ^ *^« -^-"- of 30 that was available;" and havinrby vC^ nil T ""' " ''"' ^■'"^'•'--"<'" "^ the information the award was made. 1 rely wilh LpHc t co irWe o"^, '^''T' '° "^'''^'" *'"^ ^''^-^^ "" ^^-^ its merits. ^ ^ ''* conhdence on the judgment of an enlightened public as to SUMMARY OF CHAHOKH-DKFENCE OF COUNSEL. whole:'^ v^s'^. :l:C";;:,:^:'"r'"^ ^^arges maybe stated as-ls, -The wretchedly managed ^n 11 >7rt DoZ ,: '' ^Z^:^^''-^^ r''"' ''''''■" "'' ^^ ™-^ up the true boundaries aceordin. to law 11 L H '^' ^^''^•^^^t"'-'^' '1^^ "ot affect to set I have given the utterances oslrTl'MlXaM tnTe hT" ^7:^"^'°-' -' -lenient boundary." I find them in Hansard. In suppo.tof the hV./J. « ^ f, f,"'"'"°"' "" '^'^ ^^'^ ^"^'^^ ^^^' ^ *0 Act authorising the surrender o^Ct^tn^l ^^^ N^fh" W^t^ ' f'''1 '' ''' ^"^^^"^^ contention was not raised that the Act savs tharR,., , . ,^T n^ '"^''' ^'''^ '^''^^"^ ^^''^ " ^^^ possession or deemed to be in T.^ettZ^j^^^,^^^'^ ^« whatever was in ineffectually the Dominion ease ' p ented I ^."v " ^ ^Tr' ' "^' ^^"'"' " *« ^^^^ h^ presented before the Arbitrators. C ve I m ich tha^ , w, ""' '' '"'^ ^"^'J'^'^' "^ "-" Sir John haa been unable to read th \oers in '^n) ""'"^' °"^"''' *" ^^^ ™°^*^ ^'''^'^^S duties, in the case already noticed of Co. L^^^^^^^ Z^^Z^Z Wl T' ''1 ':'"' 't' ^^ ^^^^'^^ ^ read the parliamentary blue book he would 2Ti \\ «-" '"P^'^ '"'" ^^^'^ ^'^^*'^- Had he Mr. MacMahon, Q.C., [he statent.t Ihl 'e Z cTi^f^^ a1 T^'^'T '''' '^'''''''' '^ that Rupert's Land "should include the whol. nf H > . ' ' "^^ ^''- "''?• 1^^' P'o^'des 50 the said Governor and Company "^^ ^ l!;::^ ^l-l^d Z^ rS^Ti^Sln ^ "f ^ " n ''' '' framer ol tiie report or some other official Mr M«pM .V," " T ^ "^"t ' '." '^^'''^■•^' ^'"^ po.sibly by the 1881, Joint ArpiNiiix. 124 being "a confirmation of ovurythiiii: that the Hiulson's Bay Company had been claiming under their charter," adding " tliat is a point wWwh I am sure tiie Arbitrators will not lose sight of in dealing with the (luestion." ' " - • - - I'ht ' **'" •l"e**ti<>n-" And yet Sir John Macdonal.l stated in the broadest and most explicit terms that Mr. ArbUraium. MacMalion never presented this view to the Arbitrators, and conse(piently deliberately tlirew away the case. A word now as to the Arbitrators. I can only aiiswei' for myself. My interpretation of the Rupert's Land Act is that it was intended to convi y to the Dominion the' whole property of the Hudson's Bay Company, with certain speeiti-d reservations that have no bearing on the point under consideration. I did not imagine that the Act could be so interpreted as to transfer territory belonging to a third party, and 1 nm perfectly certain that if Sir John Macdonald's construction of the statute could be maintained, it would be in direct contradiction to the spirit an. ^"t--- I^ '-s put an end to the Dawson schen.e of a new IZZ 7 : 7 •' '"' '"'"''-"''"' '* '''"'"^^^ '''"''"''y *° ««"'° tl>o western boun.lary, in which s a I'cVr": T ' ^'f'-'V^^'^T^^^^*^ ^'^ -•*'"- ^""-l-T, with which that ProvL .as n werVnf o • 11! fr^ T''^ .len,on.strated. I will only add in conclusion that the Arbitrators w J.;r'; '^^ """- "^:T: '■ '^^ ^''^' ^-^^^^ ^-^ ^^"^ --•■ *'- ^-""•'-- -^ f-t»> in the award reairS'hl.1 T'"n r T """'" "^ ^'^^ *'"- ^-^^^ -'' by the considerations and ~ :iof t^;^^^^^^^ and govern the detennination of the question by any compe- Joint Ari'KNDIX. 3w. II. The Arhilralion. Lrcturn of Sir HjiicUh oti tlwBUllji'Ct uf tliH Awurd, 18tJl. Thf. PuoviNofAL Secretary (Ontario) to the Secretary of State (Canada).* Toronto, 31st December, 1878. ^^•nf ^'"'TV'" '"'7^^'' *'y "'"^ """«»'• ^'^« Lieutenant-Governor to intimate that a measure will be menfan 1 f' "'"^" 7 aPi-achiMg session of the Legislature to give effect l>j- way of deelaratorv enact- Slrio Tr"' \u '^r'' r^' ^' '^' "'•'"''"''"^*^ '^f^^^'"^*^^^ ^^ ^»'« Governments of Canmla and Onta.10 to determine the northerly and westerly boundaries of the Province of Ontario The Act I nueroVT "V"''^^"''^" "^V""" " ''■ ''• ^- ^'"t'^"- ^- ^'^'^ ^'- -"«^-'- "~'-y in con;e- wln the a"; '" ''^'■^^Sno.v been ma.le. No proelan.ation was issued, ^ had been contemplated when the Act was passed. See .section 3. ^ I am further directe.1 respectfully to remind the Government of Canada that the territory which was m dispute before the awar.' was n.ade, extends on the easterly side of Ontario fron,, say, the Rocky .0 tt'n ;."■' " ' ""; " '"f T"" '""" ''" """"""•^ "^ ^'^'^ «'"° '^-^ ^t'---I"Pi- -'J -tends on 30 he northerly sule fron., .say, the height of land to the n.ost northerly linm of Canada ; that the award ass.gns part of tins territory to the Dominion, and part to Ontario, and that the administration of justice w. 1 ccmt.nue to be surrounded with difficulties and uncertainties, especially in the matter of juris.liction until the award ,s conhrmed by express legislation at Ottawa and here; and that the subject assumes "nZro/ZlT? l" "r • ' *'r ^"'"^^'-'f "" ^f l-l^''« --ks within the territory and the consequent influx of an unsettled and migratory population. His Honour the Lieuten >nt-Gover„or will be glad to learn that such legislation as may be necessary to give effect to the award wiK be had at Ottawa at the next session of the Parliament of Canada • L the legislation should, it is respectfully submitted, be as nearly as possible simultaneous and identickl ^n and a^sn uT'' ""''" ^' ^'"'^ ''" -tf'T ^"^ '°"''^''' ^"^ «"gg««tions in connection with this object, 40 and also o receive as soon a.s possible the maps, field notes, etc., etc.. relative to so much of the temtory assigned to Ontario as had been surveyed under the authority of the Dominion. I have the honour to be, Sir, Your obedient servant, Arthur S. Hardy, Hon. J. C. Aikins, Secretary of State, etc., etc., *''*'* **^" Ottawa. Correspon- dunce and Docuninnta 8ul)HC(iu«ntto the Award, 1878i). Prnv, Sec. (Ont.) to.Seo- rotiiry of .State (Can.), 31 December, 1878. * Sew. Papers, Ontario, 1879, No. 80. Joint Arbitration. Oorre»|)titH nil)i(c(iii(.ntto ths Award, 1879 ; Under-Seo. o( SUU'tKl'rov, Sec., Htli J»n., 1879. Lieut.-Oov.'o Speecli, !)th Jan., 1871). Aiwt.-Sec. to S<)c. Stiitf, 2nd Miiy, 1879. 126 The Uj,der-Skc«.tarv ok Statk to thk I'Kovmr.AL Skcrktauv.' Dei'autment ok tuk Skcuktauv of State, Sir —I hnv-,. *» 1 Ottawa, 8tli January, 187D. Award mado hy the Arbitrators to d.for?- Tv. ' '7»^'f' "« lefc'i.slativc cnactn.c.tH to jrivo oflect to Ontario, and am diretl.Uo state thl? ' ",7"'"'^ '^"'' ^■""'"'•'>' '""""''"'"^ ■••■'''« I''--""^" "^ airccte.1 to state that t).o satrm will not fail to receive all duo con.sideration. i liavo the honour to be, Sir, Vour most o))edii>nt norvant, Edoujio J. Lanokvin, 10 The Honourablo A. S. Trardy, Under-Secretary of State. Provincial Secretary, Toronto. EXTRACT KROM THK Sp^^^H oK HrS HoNOURT^LlEnTKNANT-GovKR.OR OK OnTAR.O. OX TUK OrtMNo OP THE Leolslature, Oth Januarv l«7yf the boundaricso tt^rovinc to ' !""=; T"' '"^^^ '^''^''"'•"'-'- '^'^o decision of the Arbitrators declares west an.de of he llJTZ^ m ' ^''^*'''? "' "'"'■^°"'^ ^"^^ "" ^•'^' »-'''■ '^"^ ^° ^'- -th- square .niles boyon L in sTo ; l^crt ' l"'^' .' I'^'n "'"^ ""'^^'='"^' ^" '^^^'^ ''^ '"^^ *^°"-"^ on You will be in^ed t 1 Zve of a n " / ": ^ '""'"'"" "'"^'^ ^'^^^ ^^""'•' '"^^'^' '-•""^--' "«• ^^ istration of justit an Ithen" a ,?'';/,"" ^'" ''"^ °'-'"^'' ''"' 1—- ^ion of order, the a.In.in- to believe t a t ho ; ," " :?:r " r'""\'"'''"*''''p^ ■" ^''''^ ^^''"'^^y- ^ »"-« ~ revenue to be derived ;i!;^^e:;Zy "" '"'^ ""' ''^ """ ^^an compensated by the Thk Assistant PRovim.AL Skcretahv to the Secretary of State.j 2nd. Printed .staten.ent of the C.se of the Gov eSn^rt :t clt '"'^ '"^'"° '" '" ''"■^'°"- 3rd. Printed .statement of the Case of the Province of Ontario 5th. A manuscri])t copy of the Award aovernment. lorwarded to each member of the Dominion 40 I have the honour to be. Sir, Your obedient servant, I. R. ECKART, The Honourable the Secretary of State (Canada). Assistant Secretary. Ottawa. * SesB. Papers, Ontario, 1870, No. 80. t aesB. Papers, Ontario, 1880, No. 46, p. 2. + Journals Leg. Ass., Ontario, 1879, Vol. 12, p. 2. 1879. iiilicr lant, ! ffrect to roviiico of 10 Hate, )N THE northern doclaros le iiorth- housand *• I 20 > ailiDin- e reason i by the 79. urinj,' in \e lict-n inavy to ents :_ ^0 ut'stion. io with iretary pies of iiinion 40 f 1 127 TnK Assistant PuovmcuL SKcnmuv to t.,k ^yrny.nnr or Stat«.. Sm,-r arn .lircct.vl l.v W. ir n , • Toit-.Nro, 23r.| S,.pto,„l„.r. 187f). -nt of (.an.,,a t::::. , X 17. : ;-'--t.Oovernor to call the attention of tl. Oovern- boyo„.i dispute, in ciVil and e ..it'c i ^i^t^t ' ^'^t'"*-' '''" '^""^'•^''''" needed to put Ontario. '""'•"• '^"3' 'lU"«tion as to the western and northern lin.its of you i!::z:;:zt:::zi::z "t:!;r ,ri :••""""" '^ f- ^-^--'^ «^ <>"-'o .a. a« ita recent He.ssion. " ' """^ "" '''^" ^^^^ ^^^-^ Pa«''«-1 I'y the J'arliameut of Canada at ''a-unLr::: ;;;r::.;Cm;,^^;::: ii;: :'f "■ ''^; 't'''-- -' ^^'° "•>"--'••« ^=- ^^-^^ 1.S74, and that in .his report it wl St. hat ^'1"" '"'" '" "'"""' "" ''"' ''^^'' Nove.nbo^ the Don.inion reeonnn..„ h-d 00!" en a . r'"'''-''^ ";•'"" -iatod on that day. the IVen.ier o deternnne,by„u.ansofareLZ: e „ ti.rn':;;:;': r T''' '.'^^'^ ^''"^*^'""^'"* °^ O"^-'". *° the rest of the J)o„.i,.i.„; that tl.e Onta "^Uov rmn^M " ""''"T "'''""' ^'"'"''^ ^''^^'-''y ^^ Rich.nlH, Chief Justiee ;f (JntaHo ^ I 7, , '""ri ''T'^ "'*' "-"'"able Wiilian. Buell Honourable Lenm.! Allan Wiln.ot for.uerlv F ' , .T''"' "'"'"'" ^"''"""ed the name of the to act in eonjunetion with hi.n. Ind^ f t': a^ i: lu:;:;; t '■' ''7'''' '' ^"^ ^'■"--'•'•^• person, not beinjr a resident of Canmia and ti rt /'""'' ^''"" ^" ^^'''' "I'on a third 20 should be .inal and conelusive uZ t^l i '"\^t^^""""^^7" "^ - ""Oonty of such three referees by the report of the Co„.nutte ' th Pr y cl-d ■;"':: '" '""'^ 'T'."'''^"^'^ '"''•''P'^^^-'^'- ^^ a,'ree to concurrent action with the ProvhL o nf I Tr"".'^''"''"' ^'"^t ^'e Dominion should necessa.y for giving binding et,.et to ti;::;:!,^^^^^ 't^'"" ^^ ""^'^ ^« nort^rr. and western b^ndaries of the Province of Ont;;:';: ai:::;^'::^ 1 1:^' """^ ''' ^^c^^:zz::j.l^T::::^:^^^ ^r^ -:- was appr.ed by His Conunittee of the Council had under cZ 1 Jt o H /'^ f ' "''^^ '' ^'^'^ '"^'^^^'^ ^''^'^ *»>« of the Province of Ontario, which undliL^^^^^^^^^^^^^ ''^t ^'.'.^'r''-" -"' -^^^-n boundaries able W. B. Richanis, then Chief J usUcroroTt a i ' '." ""' ''^'' '"■- '•''^^'-""•-1 *« the Honour- 30 who was subsequently replaced by te ,1 (tJ'Tt'" T n "'" "" ^^'^'^ "^ ^'"^^ ''--■»-■ ^ut Honourable Sir Frauds I incks, who la e . ' n T', w' '^T:'''' '' ^^ "'^"•'-"' ^^^ *° the to the action taken under the Orlr i C , " i, J" ll'h N r ''^ ^;"""""' ""' ^'"^^ -b.se,,uently between the Governments of the I n,in n , n . November. 1874, it had been nu.tually a-^reed Thornton should be select a' td-^ ''''' «— '^'^ ^ir^Edward should be confirmed by Minute of Coun 1 In d' Zt th \T I '''T''"'''^''^ ">^^ ^^"^^ •""''^^tion final and conclusive upon the limits to 't "^.^ deter.mnat.on of such three referees sh.uld be Corresponding Orders in Council were n. .^^ ^^t^''''-''' ''''''"''''■ 40 the award as havin, deHnitei; ..r^^:::::^ ^o^^ ^ :i:::z:z '' '''"'''' --^^'-''^ its strict legal rights have l^ad at' rit t^' b^l f ' .r' f"' ^"^' '"^''"^^ -ight within Governments was one to who. comnetencv and ol '"^' "P^^"'"^^'^ J"'"*'^ ^y "^^ two according to the judgu.ent of the Z o7().ut-io n Ul "^"r ","" '"''^ ^^"^»'^'«»' -'^ because with good faith refuL to abide b/tbe declbn ^""'^ *° '''' '^^^^^^^^^'^'^ ^°"^'' consistently u.tinS:i;:rri:L^:*r:.::;T.r:t^^ r-'^--* ^^ Canada wm acquiescence of the Dominion 'authoritirs a J gili^^Xt oth^' '^ 'fTv " ^""°"'^""»" *^« 50 embarrassing and injurious. ^ ^ '"'''=* otherwise to t^e award, has been .folNT Ai'i'KNriix, .Set. ir. r/if Arhitratum, ('"rri'ii|i«|>cct!vo claims ami tho reasons therefor ; that these ea- ' • '-- ^ ' ■-■■- >' • ■' JltAlZl?" "»'^"«'' ''a-l heen argued before the arbitrators by counsel 187 three arbitrators appointe.! S,r Francs Hi neks, as a Canadian publicist and statesman, is acknowledged to have few 10 equals iM shrewdness, industry or ripe experience ; the late (^'hief. Justice Harrison was a lawver of the hrst rank, and a judge whose method of reasoning was always distinguished for its practical and common sense eharaetor ; and Sir Kdward Thornton, Her Majesty s Minister at Washington, brought to the consideration of the case, not only the aid of tho very high abilities, but tho absolutely indepoudont ju.lgment of one who coul.l have no partialities or inclinations in favour of either side. If the merits of the award have been eonsidore.l by tho (Joverument of Canada thoy will have observed certain prelMu.nary things in co.ineetiou with the .piostion which were and are beyond con- troversy Amongst these are the facts that (Ontario is ..mtitled to the same limits as Tipper Canada had wha ever those were; that these limits embrace so much of the Hritish territory west of tho division line between Ontario and Quebec as belonged to France before tho cession of 17(J3, and (what 20 IS the sam,. thing) so much as belonged to the I'rovince of Canada before Confederation, or (in other wonls) ,so much as belonged to the D.uninion before its purchase of the rights of the Hudson's Bay Company, and that the snigle .p.estion which the arbitrators had to eonside,- was, what territo4 Cana.la had on the Ontario side of the division line before the recent purchase from the Hudson's Bay Company had been made. •' It mu.st further have been noticed that the territory awarded to Ontario is considerably less than had been offieia ly elamied and insisted upon by tho Province of Canada before Confederatfon. and by Uie Dominion attorwanls. and considerably less, on the west, than, according to the legal opinion of Chief Justice Draper, in lsr,7, Canada wa,s clearly entitled to. Further, the territory .so awarded to Ontario'is less than was compriscl in Upper Canada, according .. to the true intent and meaning of the Quebec Act (1774), as .shown by its recillls, and by its known ^^ myocts.imd Its history, including the proceedings thereon in tho Hou.se of Commons, as reporte.I in A iTr 1 77I ! ' T '' "" *,"'"' '"' ''^" '^'""' '^ *'"' '^'«''^ Honourable Edmund Burke, .late.l 2nd August, 1774, o his constituents, tho Province of New York, who.se agent ho was at that time All these .locuments are to be toiin-l amongst the printe.l documents already mentioned. The terms of the Royal Commissions assigning or .lelining the boundaries of Canada and Upper Canada respect.voly, appear ,n the .same book; and a reference to them will have shown to the Govoinn -nt of Canada that the territory awar.led to Ontario i. less than was given to tho Province by tho e.xpre.s,s terms o the Royal Couimissioi. (27th December, 1774.) which, irnm.diately af.or the passiiig of the Q,.eboc Act, was issued to Sir Guy Carleton, as Cap.ain-Ooneral and Governor-in-Chio 40 o I Irovince; and also by the express terms of tho Commi.ssion to his successor. Sir Frederick Haldimand ; that ho Commi.ssion to Sir Guy Carleton, after the treatv of Paris, 17.s:), xpressly t ves as one o the boumlarios of the Province a lino to the Lake of the Woods, thence through 'said kk to urrrt'rr'^lr'" •'"'"' ^'--^'^-t'- A-hitnUors have done), and from thence in a d e we Z^ orr W^r'^^*"^" ''- ^'"'"^^^'-^ '-- -' «'-" ^^ '- ^-'- -y ^-rltory west of The Government of Canada must also have observed that a paper was pre.sentod to Parliament previous to tho passing of tho Constitutional Act of 17!)l .les..ribin,/tho line wbi.-l tL ^ """"T" draw in ord. to divide the then Province of Quebec into t;o;;::;;.';: ^ • \ r.!;:!:;;: ^ H... .n ,.^y i.K.ud.r.g, a. tnc paper .,tat...i, aii th. territory to westward and .southward of' tho said hue to the extent of the country comiuonly known by tho name of Canada; that on ZLth Aug" t i ■bitratora mot vcrally, of all rial had been ; examination unary of the lat the whole elected whose '0 arl)itrator8 I to have fow 10 awyer of the practical and n, broufjht to independent By will have beyond con- pper Canada west of the 3, and (wliat 20 or (in other ud.son'.s Bay at territory iidson's Bay ly loss than tion, anr-iii-Chiof 40 Frederick t'ssly gives id lake to I due west ~y west of 'arliament roposed to scrilied as -y line of 50 ' the said h August, 129 ^^f e::^^^^^^ accordingly, that the sub- ... m the san.o way. as extending to the 1 o^i J • i^f HuT" ■ 7 ''''"?" ^''^"^ "'"' LowerCanadl ArJ'' that to the Karl of D„,l,am in 1«!h J 7 ■ "' ^''^^ ''"'' ^'"^^ t^'*-" Connnissions from r ' other Royal Con.missions. de; b'dthi' /'r '"'"'"" '" '"^' ''"'"' '" ''''■ ^ -•'''^ ^^ the vu o"' f'— ■" •ul)a('(iu(!iit to tli« Award, 1878-9: the Conunission to Lord (iosford in H^^Hb'ti: •' •'"''V''"r'™"-^"'"^'''^'' ^° -'' -'^'-'i"^ ^^ "" that to the Karl of Durham in 1«!« f., fl, r- • ""'''^""'^ ^'^y: and that the Connnissions from r ~ other Royal Con.missions. de; b'dthi' /'r '"'"'"" '" '"^' ''"'"' '" ^'^^«' ^ -•'''^ ^^ th '-"""-• 10 boundanes of the Province were those so ass ";:L:IW^ °" ''" """"'•'^'•- *'-* ^^e 2ojavo,::x::^i:;tHri;::;^^^^^^^^ ean. ti. .. ...,., ...„,„ o...... H.vers). but on an exan.ination of the ca;^ f v i ' n,^ I "''"' "' ''"' ^'''" '^»'' Mi-i-ippi C"' W« found that the. iecision was ...nuao with nt'le .; ''"''"' " ,'" '*'■'"* "^"'^ — 'W^- it will^be to the (Governors hereinbefore nu.aio..rl '^ uC 2^;^ 7 • ' V" '"'^''^ '^">''^' ^'o.nn.issions wluch are referred to in the recitals of the ..^ " ." r an w '■" ''" '' '•!""' '^ ''"' '''•^'-'-' ^-^s bearing on the question of boundary ; „or was the t\L ^'-^^ ^'^'n.Hcance to those recitals as which is afl-orde.! by the debate on the Hill nn,l " oU n Kins'"'"';''' "' ''"' ""''™^« '' '"^'^"^ion strafng the other construction. J). Reinhard. tL I c I . :;: '"""'^ "f ^^"'^"' "P"" ^ <>'-on- known or supposed reason for pardoning bin. i that th, llT ^ ^' """^ ''"'^"^'"'' '^"'' *''« """y conelusn.n of the Court on the point in question sv^n n u' t ' ;;"""'r."* ^"'^^ ^^'^■'•^^"' ^I-t the paper on the part of the late Piovince of Canada '"-^'"tamable. This is state.! in an official "befoft::.::.;::J!:l-^^^ .ras is known, was mpHnt fbr the purp,,ses.,f the arbitration, it became';;: e^U.i'Zrr" ""• '"'""■"'' '^"'' -'^"'^-'i poss.bie question that the westerly boundar^■ of the P , ^"u.nnss.ons alone .set at rest ail that the northerly boundary extende 1 ^ , ZZ '"h "''' t ''^'^ «^" *''^ ^^-^'''^ ' -"^ -nost north-west angle of the Lake of the Woods It .'t' iY V"" ""'' ""'' *" °^ ^«>^"-I the northerly boun.lary was t.. be found was a faihl V T "'"V*^'" "°'-^'' "^" ^'ene points our two points is of con.paratively little val e It s t f 'T""T\ ^"' '^'' ^''''^^^^^^ "-'t'^ "^ these Albany Rivers. which^asHxed upon bthel 1 ;,:;r'"'M''"f f'' ''"" «' *'>« ^''^''''^^ and a straight line connecting the two point; n.enU n dt^^^ ha^ h '""'^ '"""''"•^' ''^ "^^^ ^'^ '^^^^^ of 40 unbroken waterline ; that it is thu.; a nau.ral an 1 co," nie" lnL"i '^ "' •^"■^'^"^'"" ^'^ '^••»-* a le,ss aggregate quantity of territory in the n,>rthtr,rs„r^,' ''"^' *'"'' '* fe'ives to Ontario the Hudson's Hay Con.pany itself .^nd mv oh ':;"'^'"''"' ^;' ^''^^^'a in some of the maps of Con.panyin 1701, thirty yeL a.te; the ;Cr wal^ortr"" T '"'""""'^ ^^-lary than' the restrict Canada to. '"'' "^"^ ''°»^'''"t wicn and unsuccessfully endeavoured to t.. p'iiili^z:::^::^;^!;';-;! ;:r t;.r;: tf ; -' r ■''''--- - ---^ ^^^n far less clear and strong than they are it is , ■ J ^^ ^. '", :?"''"""" '' ^'"^ Arbitrators were acquiescence and recognition of the part et 1 ;;:.'.''" ''' ^'"'^V'"' "'•''''' ''''"""^"^''' ^^^ -tivo j-i "■ '^ti-- itnurrcii riV niiitnii »miiu.>..>. 4 ii. i- .. i -- l-i-.i .:i n,);,niiatu;; was in ..nn. Joint Appendix. Sec. ir. The Arbitration. Correspon- dence and Documents subsequent to the Award, 1878-1); Ontario des- Sateh, 23 ept., 1879. Under Sea State to Prov. Sec, 25 Sept., 1879. 130 I am further to remind the Government of Canada that the settlement of the controversy, as well as the explorations for railway and other purposes, have drawn public attention to the territory north and west of Lake Superior, that settlement therein is proceeding, that various enterprises are establish- ing themselves, that speculation is likely to be directed to this region, and that various causes are at work favourable to an influx of population, both of a settled and floating character. In view of these considerations the Government of Ontario trusts that the Government of Canada will recognize the propriety of announcing without further delay their intention to submit to Parlia- ment, next session, a Bill declaring the boundary established by the Arbitrators to be the true northerly and westerly boundaiies of Ontario, and to use the influence of the Government to have the measure accepted by both Houses, and assented to by His Excellency the Governor-General. 10 I am to renew the request contained in a former despatch that the Government of Canada would be pleased at once to forward to this Government the maps, field notes, etc , etc., relative to so much of the territory assigned to Ontario as has been surveyed under the authority of the Dominion. I have the honour to be, Sir, Your obedient servant, I. R. EC'KAUT, The Honourable the Secretary of State (Canada), ^^'^^ '*" ^'^^'^ "'^^' Ottawa. 20 Thb Under-Secrktauy of State (Canada), to the Provincial Secretary (Ontario).* Department of the Secretary of State, Ottawa, 25th Se|)tember, 1879. Sir,— I have the honour to acknowledge the receipt of your communication of the 'J.Srd inst., with reference to the question as to the northern and western limits of the Province of Ontario ; and to in- form you that the subject will bo submitted to His Excellency the Governor-General. I have the honour to be, Sir, Your most obedient servant, Edouard J. Langevin, rru„ v 1 1 11 T» • • , o, Under-Secretary of State. Ihe Honourable the Provincial Secretary of Ontario, Toronto. 80 The Provincial Secretary to the Secretary of State.! Provincial Secretary's Office, Ontario, Prov. , Sec to TORONTO, l!)th December, 1879. D°"^il^B '''' k ^^^~^ '^*^° ^^^ honour to call your attention to my despatch bearing date the 31st day of Decem- «=•. ■ ber, 1878,^ and to intimate that the Government of Ontario have not yet been favoured with the reply of your Government to the suggestions made and information sought by my communication. I beg further to intimate that the Arbitrators having made their awanl, the Government of the Province understand that the pn)visional anangement theretofore in force between the Province an.l the Do- minion, having reference to the boundary and the north-west portion of the Province is at an end the 40 award having " definic jly .settled " the boundaries between the Province and the J:>ominion. I have the honour to be. Sir, Your obedient servant, Arthur S. Hardy, Hon. J. C. AiKiNS, Provincial Seeretary. Secretary of State, Ottawa. * Be=». Papera, Ontario, No. 46, p. 6. t Ih,d. , y. 2. 3( 40 sy, as well tory north ostablish- ises are at of Canada to Parlia- northerly e measure iVla would 5 much of 10 tary. id).* 879. 1st., with nd to iu- 20 State. 80 179. Decem- 10 re|)iy I beg 'rovince he Do- snd, the 40 tary. Joint Appendix. 1880. 181 RkPOIIT ok TilE MiNISTEH OF JUSTICE (CaNADA).* WUk w X, ^ Ottawa, ;2th January, 1880. „ — tLccin „,c„tio„„0." ^ '"""' "«'" ''""'J""l "'"l 'ovonty-mno, »nd tor oll.cr purposes iSSr n .) « * » to the Award, C»p. .._ A„ Act reacting the North^orij- .„d Wester], bounj.rie, „t Ontario." 1 • * * or.iustictj, I COUCUr. 12 Jan., 1880. Jas. McDonald, M.J. ^' ^' ^^^' ^■^^^' [The above report was approved of by^Order^. Council (Canada), of 12 March. 1880.] RESOLUTIONS OK TH. LeoISLATXVE AsSEMBLV OK OntAHIO. PASSED ON THE SkD MaKCH 1880.+ itwasrcidiHhX::;,;:t\rtta;;^^^^^^^ the questions whicli had risen' conefrZ^^^ f ^'^""^'^ ^"' ^^^ ^°S'^'^*"- «f Ontario s^la^^' Ontario should be determined I'arbirZn a^ 1 1 f ."^ n , ""'""'^ '°"^''"'^'^ °' '''' ^™-''- ^^ ^""" Governments, it was declared that Ue ■ X '''"■' "" ^ """"''• P^^^^-^ '^y ^he respective should be " final and crnch^ste. '"'^'•""-^-» ^^ ^^e Arbitrators appointed to make such award '"n^^rl^f^'^'^:^;^^ 'T'r'' '' ''" ''-'-'-' «—-*«. *^e Right Chief Jastice of Ontario t't; no^I;^'^"^^^^^^^^^^^ Council of the respective Governments ^ A, . . "''''' "^"'^ ''^'''''^ "P^"^ ^y Orders in aries of the Proviice of Ontar^ Arbitrators to determine the northerly and westerly bound- declalld Ijd^ljermlnedT ' ' t'^'r^^t!^ ^"f ^f ^""t" '^'"^"^ '^''' """^' ^h^-^" ^^^^y That in a despatch • "^ '^">;;-^'-'y ^^^ westerly boundaries of the Province of Ontario Ontario, to the Sec'ty of Sta e of cTa r ^^1^ "'" "'• "''"""^ ''' Lieutenant-Governor of that durin. the approacIin.seslnot^L:!^' " "'""''"' '^ the Government of Canada, 30 by way of declaratory enaclnZuro h wit' o thra^VT'^r T't ""' '"^'"'"'=^'^ " '^ ^'^^ ^^'-^ northerly and westerly boundarie o rp:ovi Tn ,"" -^^ "" ^'^'^'^'•^^t-^ to determine the despatch, also stated he would b Id to L^^^^^^^^^^^^ ' .^"^T ' '"' '^^' His Honour, in the same to the a , ,a be had at otti^ ^^ r:r:i':f r^-:^:^]?^^ '-^- ^"^^ and that no in'timation was gten n r Ito m T" ""^^ "'' '"' '^ "'°"^*^ *" ^"^ consideration, Canada would refuse to be bo nd by the' award "f fj^^, VT'"""''^^"^"' ^'^'^' ^^^ Government of Canada a measure giving effect thereto Arbitrators, or to submit to the Parliament of .othep'l^Lcra^dttlib b;Vhn^^^^^ '',rr ''' --^^^^t the boundaries of rrir^trisi^^i^ ^ be». Papers, Oauada, 1882, No. 141, p.p. 86, 87. 90. ' t Journals Leg. Ass., Ontario, 1880, Vol. 13. p. 160. 132 Joint Appendix. SeTTl. The Arbitration, Corre8|>ond- ence and Ducuiiienta Bubsequent to the Award 1880. Resolutions Leg. Ass., 8 March, 18S0. [fif norinern Doundary included the whole region of Hudnon's Bay." a.ai JlThetet"lI;nt:/ti " m'T' t ^'^^^"-"^ ^^ *'- dominion, on behalf of Canada, aa oF the Prov CO of Zr /"'"?.'' '''^^ ^""P'^"^' ^^""'''- °" ^^^ ^^""^ grounds, be the boundaries His ExctllencT U^tc '" ^"""n ' '^'T"T' °" ''^ ''*'^ ^«^^'"'^°'-' ^^^l' '^e constitutional advisers of ^ nt tha " ■ wa f T" "^ '^ Canada, obtained the sanction of the Crown to the state- iTne n ':Lt ::Lui;rb: ;s7"'""" 'u '■" ^"^^^'"'"^^ ^"'^ '^•^'"^^ •>" ^^-^ «-«-' «f ^^e boundary on the 9 h April 87 IiLVoT '""'^> "P^:"'"' •" ""^ '^^ "^'^^''"^ ^^''''^ "^ «-'-•'' ^I'P--^ ^0 both GovLnin 1 id ft i T"'^ "'"""' ''" '"""^'^' *^^ ^^°"" *° ^''« «P'"^- ^'^^^^ nunin. in an aui.orita iv J/ ^ ^ *" '''"'' "'^'^°"' '^^'"'^y' "P"" -'"« P^P- >»"J« "^ 'J«ter- CounJi,;;::r^r u/~bS^:7^rE""^"■" 'r-"'"^'^;" ''^* ^^--^-^rderin of the Crown to thp ,f«f \. ? f, ' ^^^cellency's advisers obtained the further sanction limU^^torntthnrt "^r ^. r/T''^'""^ '' '^'^^'""'"^ ^" authoritative decision as to the in i^lncir and • th It the t n" ' ?°/'\"^''"- "^ ^nt. .o had already been artirnied by a Minute the dZa ds of set : s an r .^ """'"' ""' ""' ''"'''''''''' -^"'^ ^'^^ "^^^'^^ ^^ '"-^-g decisionindispen^abt-- "*" '" ''" ^^'^"'^^^'*^" "^ *'^'- *« ^-hIs, combined to render such f ationit t:ti:e ::^^ii t;t,s i.:^:^^' '''\r. ^ '^^ ^^^-'^ ^^ '-''-'-' -^"*'- ^« Government of Ont^rint. l f '^3^^''^''"' " Council, conseated to concur in the proposition of the referenc™ anda?th--l ^ ""^-"^ "^ "'' ""'"" ^°""'''''"'-^ «^" Ontario by means ot a Can da of I p t f of"thr "" "1" ''"" '"^ ^'"" °'^-'^" *" P^'"'--"' ^"^ ^'^ Government of made b/ r n SaSa i e it of'SZT" "'^' ""f """' '^^^^^^'^ ^''^^ ^^'^•^"'"- ^^ -^ ^^^-^ reference a^rLd upon by h re .w 'r'''""" '° *'" '^"""^ ^'^'"'? «'^'°"' ''^ --«*^ "'• P'^--^ the Parliument'-orCarda ^nt d" roi^^^ ""'""'' '"' ^'"""'"^ ^'^^^ '" ^'^'^^' ^«^«' *'^« Th w.- „ '^'^-'^'^"^^^^^l^'OOO to defray the expenses of the Ontario Boundary Commi.ssion, Governmentrin trVr''"'' *'"',' 'V'^^^'^'^^-^'l-^ '^^ Joint and concurrent action of the respective hrhLh^rf letto' ™^^^^ "^ '- ^^^'^™'-. ^he Government of 'cZl mitted to Parliament bTthrG^etmenorCai^^^^^^^^^^^ T"'' "" "f "'' ''^""'^'^^^°" ^"'^ '^^'^--''- '^ „. , ^ ^ uovernment ot Canada for the purpose of confirming the sai.l award interests of this Province and to ih^ ...n ."'"'^'f''"^'^^^ '^ ^^ ^^ "^ the highest importance to the northerly and westerrpa'rtTof Ontario r'."f. f ^T' "'^''^ "'^'^ »"""'' «-™-^t of the .said bytheaLrdof ttea'bCor l^ip -^^ ''"''''' "?''" I^'-'-. as detern.ined and declared of Canada and Ontario, should be Im^^^^^^^^^^ "''"^"""' '"' '^^'"" °^ ^'^^ «°^«^-"-*^ onta2^:;t'S::.::i;nst.:^'rSrof':;;i: p.^''^^^ -Tr ;r ^•^^ -^^^*'-- ^^ ^'^ «-— ^ «^ dicate such just claims anrr It n if u "'"' '""^ ^" '^' "•^'''•^■''^'•>' °'' P''°P'''- '"^'^^"'"-''^ *« vin- 40 and wester.^ ^:^:^ ^'i::^:: ;r:z^:z:^:ir '■■"^'"^^^ '^ -''-' '- --^-^^ The Resolutions were carried on the followin Glibson igston, organ, , Ross, f— 04. 133 DOMINION ACT, 43 VIC, CAP. .% (1880). Joint rFjf AN Act KESPEOTINO THK ADMIXIsmtTrnM .^,., n X -. Canada. Pkovinc^ of Ontario anj> of the Dominion op ne Arbitration, Whereas certain territory on the wosforn n„,l . „.n i , „ Corre^nd- Government of Ontario as bd„, wi iH Id iro n"" TT' "' ""l''^''' '' '=^^'™^'^ ^^ *'^« ^"--f whereas the Parliament of Canada is J.ir.. ' " '"''"'''^ •'^•"='' '^^"'' '' ^''^P^^ed ; and J^irT"'. Criminal Justice within the sa" t/ to I "n .17, V"'?'*^ ^^'■""■^'°" ^'"^ ^^° Adn.inLration of i^'^^^^"''' rp, „ „ '""^^' "O'^y """J the dispute IS determined; lJo,„i„ion Act 10ofC^:!ZZ:f;^-;^:^-' -^^^ ^'^^ ^^^ice and consent of the Senate and Hous. of Commons ^""^ and;;„!:::T:::;;;:::;S::~^^^;:2r''°' "'?n'" ^-^^-^'-^^^ i-i-i-dof, tried in the District of Keevvftin and sue en'? Sr?^^"'"''" "' ''" ^'"^^"^^ "'" Manitoba, or judge, magistrate or ma,astaI:ti:rul?";H '"' ^"''" ''''' J'"''^'''^^''^" '' ^^^ ^-t- diction over crimes or o'^ences of the Hken/f ^ . \" '''^'"' °'' "^''^'' ^''^^t'^n-ry havin,. juris- in which such crime or oC p t u IT and'::; '"'' r'-^'l" *''" '""'^-^ "^" ^'^^ ^""^^ - ^^^^rict or justices, or other functionary. sL „ e ed th re ' 'l^^^'r """"'"'^ '' -gistrates, justice judgment and execution, or ot[ r pi hment T \ ^ """' Prol-uiuary investigation, and to trial, ^^ crime or o.nce had .en ^^...^T::::^:^ ^ ^^ - have i..:tz:ji:^::^t ■: r s:i r -"r"' ^''''- '^ '- ^^^^ -^ ^^-^«^ *^ been in.posed upon the offen.ler had the o fin. •''''""" ^"'^ "">' ■^'^"*°"°« ^^'"«'> '^'^ht have or™isp.edpartofKee:::!i::-^^^ wen a. to :v:-:=^-:: s^r^ :;s :: :;:::;t:z^^- ^--^'^ ----' - abov:\^!s^:i rit:i;rt:^^:;';:~r^^^ Manitoba, charged with the slid cnmeCo;^ «. , J""-T f .'^':''""' "' ^'^^"'^ ^'^ ^'^^^'"ee of a province othe*; than the province n a! aol^Jwhi 1, " " ." " ""•' '"^' P°"°" '''''' ^^ '"^^d ^n 30 province, then any judge of an^ srerC 00,.^ o tu' " '°"'""^' "' '"^ "^ ^"^--'^ P-'* ol the same confined, having criminal jurisdietio7o7ar y s^I ' ^ '""'r" •" ' ^'"'^ ^'" "''''^'^ '""^^ P"-ner is of Justice of Canada, or of tl e At 'orn- v a e 1 oT ^^PPl'^^^^'O" by or on behalf of the Minister Prince Arthur's Landing and'it if l^l mL' '^ ^ pn-er is in custody at District of Algoina, on application as aforesaid may m.ke .n 1 T' f'''' ^^' J"^'"*^ "^ '^^ deliver the said prisoner to the person namlTin sTeh oi^^^t "T *'' "T"''' °' '^"'^^^ ^^'^^^ *° the time prescribed in such order, convey such ;Hs ne'to the lacTrt T \ T' ""' ^^^'^^ '''^''' ^^ remain in custody, subject to the onler of the cou t by w ir^Ti ? "i , / ''' '' *" ^^ *'-''^'^' ^'^^^^ ^o other court which may have jurisdiction to try him 1 /u ' '"'^" ^'' '^"^" ^'^ *"«''' «r -^^ any lock-up in the said disputed terr to y a„v i, 7,e f i" '"" 't' P"'^""'"" ''^ ''°"«"-» '" «"y gaol or 40 criminal jurisdiction may make ttlfke order. ' ' "^""^ ''''''' "' ^"^^^^ ^ Manitob^having 5. The judge or court, on granting the said order mav if f),o ;., i unless the prisoner is tried within a ti^e liud el tl "tlid . ^t^" ^ uT' *^'"^^ ^*' ^^'^'^ ^^at custody on his own recognizance or on bail, t u 1 f ; w' ': •^'"' .^ ''''^•^- ^'-'^-^-^l from as the said judge or court may consider proper, and the terms o ' h! ?' /"T^''^ ''' ^'^^ '^^'^' provided that the judge, or any other judg' of the sa n It ' ^ "'^"^ ''''" ^' '^"'^ "^^^'^^i application made in that behalt Vary the terms o. the .^.I Z^ " ^'^ '"''''• "^>'' '' ^^^ «»«- upon 6. The provisions of this Act are merely cumulative to the law as it now stands i 134 «-/^- dispuLi territory t hen '" U.o l tn^T' " ^f "" /''^^™^ "' ''^'^^^'^^"'' "^ '» ^^^ P^^ ^^ t,he said Corr.„...nd. .Horo Convenient or le,ss expen h^so t ,'" ' "\ "'' '"'^' '""'"' '' ^'""'^'' '" '^'*' "P'"i°". ^ ^Z:^.u or other functionary Tay To n t ."e n 1 nl T '' T' '^1^ '"""'^ ""='^^™''''' J'''^^'^^ «^ ^'^ P^^ to tlTw-L landing. whicheve,Mnay' in i ;i:il "^r^e ar 't" ^ ''' "'"'"^- "' ^^ '"'^ ^"'' '^^ '"'"^^ ^'^""^^'^ 1880-81. of conviction. "l^mioa, bo nea.e.st to or mast conveniently accessible from the place persc^. r::;r zrr. 'r;;;:tt '; '"' ""'°; ''° r-^^'^'-^ ^^^^'""' ^"^^ --^^^^^^ - "*^- ■ «a„>e povver to hold and con vev sul n ''7°'^^°^'^'^ *" ^'^ P''-^ of in,pn.s..n,nent, shall have the 10 Dn,n.Act,« With such person as if he had 1,,,,^^"" ?/ i/"'^''^" ''''"'""'''" "^ '^'^ "''^'^P'^' '^"'' "^^^^^^^ •SSi.-- (-dependentlyofthesaidseSnnrsnimU ''" ''^ -^ ^^^ or authority competent senteLe up:'';hL':;;rr'an: U- ^'T:^ ^ ---*--* under this Act. or in any conviction or convenient or less exZ v"^^^^^^^^ ul '->' ^ "" ^'"^''^ ''' ''^"''^ which renders it more stipendiary n.a.nstratf , L of n m " f '"^ '''^'' '" ''" "''■"'°" "^" ^^^^ convicting ju.ige, tl.at the o^bnd^r shodd ' b o „ , !f tw, "' T *"".'=^'^"-'>'' '^ ''^ "-- convenient or less ex^pensi^e opinion nearer to or .ore ^^ i:^:^^ X' ;;~^ Z^- ^^ «- -' ^^ ^ - of o^r 'td m:^;: ^::;::;7'^:r ;■" '- ''n '-t ^'^"-^-^^ ^^^^'^ '- «— -^ ^o conHnement in the said .:aols at Pr nt A ■ ^T"' r "^ """f """^ '^ '"^^ ^" '^='-'^"'' "P^ ^-- ^''^ - n.ay have been connnltted e W o.^d I^onI" ^^^^^ ''";"""- "^^r'^'"'^' "''^'"=" P^^^^^ which such gaol is situate. ^ ""'"'"' "''^ coiumitted within the Province in 11. This Act shall remain in force until the end of the next Session of Parliament and no longer. EXTKACT KKOM THE SPKKCH OK His Ho.O.U X„. LxK.XKXANT-GoVKn.OH OP OnTAUXO OX THE ^.^^^ ,^^^ . ^™^'^« <^^^ "'^^ Lkoislatuuk, 13TU Januauv, 1««i.. ■ '''' ™' sIi^cM3th , . , -^^ '"^ '""ch to be regretteil that the JJominion Govf.rn.nonf K„,. * 1 J.U., i««i. hitherto shovvi no i^ction of .seekin. to .Zi n ,V P , '" "° ''''' *" "'^^'""' "^"^ ^'^^^ ing the award detennining the n„rtl";^v a w / .1 , ' I ""?' "' ^'"^"'''^' ^'^'''^^^'- ^""f^-- three n.ost distinguished ^rbitratc!^':;!:: t;^:^ ;^:, 1^::^! ''^'i 'T' 1' ^7 '''''' '^^" '^^ ^^ evidence obtainable from the n.ost dili.^ent .vsv.ml. 1 r^"^"""^"'*^' "'"' ^^''o '"^^1 before thorn all the during the many discussions bea ii I "o , t; t ^ ' I" ""Tr "';' '""^"' "^ '""^''^ ^» ''"^''^^ The result of the inaction of the Don!iniL G<; ™^^^ l"" '^'"; .'''^^-^ l''"''"^' *'« P-^ -"tury. organization ofa large extent of counrto" '." ^''-^'-P- - to defer the settlement and of peace and order which they, in cotL; wit f ■ „ ' '"''^'"'"^.^r '''"' ''"''™' "' ^'^«^'- -^'^^-'^rds the people of Ontario the be^Hts w1~i:;:;:1°;;::;'J:~^^^ ^^'^'-^ '>- ;^o IMtKIM LEOlSLATION.f Toronto, Attorney- Gen, to Mil). .„ „ , .,, ' , i--.ov.iu .iCTmuu ot cne dominion Parliamonf t.,.11 „ .* i n of Justice, to an end without the necessary Act bein.' oasse,! ^,In, f ^7"^'"^"* ^ill not be allowed to come 40 ♦Journals, Leg. Aas., Ontario, 1881. Vol. 14, p, 2. + Se8s. Papers, Ontario, 1«S2, No. 23. 40 c tl ol O, ON THE 135 hat hisjurisdicaion will not 1.0 >n.^ni.^ Z ^ 2Zti7Tf '"'"''^ ''"'' '"'' '^"^ --™-« . debts which tho inhal.itants uu.st have as to hi n, *'"^.""''^ "'" '""'"' '" ^''-'^P'^- i and the Parliament to conHrm the awanUe.es:arriXe^^^^^^ ".7":."^ f^ ^^^^^y of the Dominion Your Act of kst session ^43 Vio^ 1 a,inH„..strat,on of ju.stico in this territory. ci.il .i.hts. ana n.^:r;^t::^:r^,^--i, :rr ^'" /'^^ ^'" ^--^ ^^ ^^'^ ^- °^ portant question as to whethor the liconso la „t"or, ^ ^ '^ ''' "' '''' "'° ^^^y i"- m this territory. I„ .y ,,tter of 2.Snl A , i a ^ ^s't':, tT TvT'' '"^ "' ''•^^^^^^'" «--"« 10 make some provision in respect of these n atter^, an Til ^^ I""'"* "'"'"''' ''" "-^l-'^^te,! to a iko to the justices of the ,Le of Kee^ tn I .dT . ,'•',?'''"" .l ,'''^' ""^'""-'^'^ •^''-•'•^ '^ ^-en ' deputed territory ; and that the juri.sdicti:,;;oa e /cW ol /^"'7v'; '^'^ '" '^"^ '^^^^ °^ ''^^ the Division (Jourts established for Thunder JJav an tl ' 1. 1 . t ^^'"''''' "'' ^'""""^- ^^'^ oi the SheriH-of Thunder Bay. sl.ould have .tl oH.rnn " "^ f V"""'' "'^'"^^^^ ''^" ■^"'^'' ^«"'-^^' i"«l"''i''g Bill which I s«l.„itted 1 J session, u ■ 1 « ^1T 7! "'""." '"'^ *'^^"^°'--^- ^he drafl with these matters ; the sections relating to hi' e no in Z B ll" rt" '' '"'" '^^"'^'"^^"^' '^^^^ to me ar more important for the due administratil on, 't l ,! t." r' V"u"'''""^ ' ^'^"^ --" and indeed the latter, to be operative to any -nr^a ex on T > "'. *''' ^'" '"'^ '"^'"'^^ ' visions. I do not see what valid objection cal be u'e V -'''r: ' •' ''^ "^ """'' "^ ^'^"^ °'-'^^<>J P^o- 20 The fact of reciprocal rights being giten to h 0,11^^ ff "\"" '"^7'-^-" of the.se provisions, that you were not by this legislation adn.ittrng tl' rH:! oto^r "' ''"'"" "^"''' '^'^^'-'^^ «^- • *His '::H-?:r3:!:::;.^;-:^^^^^^ tl. Sl.W.of ..mder Bay authority in accused of murder, .lown to Sault ii MaS,, triu. ^ "' "' '''' P'"''""'' «°'-"' -'>"-«- r send you a copy of the clauses in the draft Bill to whi.-b T .• f , you may perhaps think it useful to employ. ^ 'ni.sapprehension on the part of anybody, ;^0 I trust also that authority will be .river, in fl,n n. ^ • ^ timberinthedisputedterritofy.sub^^ti: u acct-^i;*^^^^^ r^"""'' '"^ '•^'^' "'^^ ^''^ '^^^ -^ should not be maintained. TiMn„d. the V LZt P^ "'" '" '^''" °'"- '''"''^ ^« "'e territory award certainly gives to us meantin,. such a W t,^ '" ""'' f ' •""«""■"'•' *'^^ ^^'-'^- *>- should have the neces,sary means of -dvin. lie to tho ^'. "''"''"' '* '""^'^ reasonable that we I reqja'n, etc., The Honourable James McDonald, 0. Mowat. Minister of Justice, Ottawa. Joi.VT Appk.ndh. The ArbitiatUin, Correspond- fiicc and I )0C'lIU('llt8 miliHcqiient to thu Award, 1H«1. Xttornt'y- Ci'ii. to Mill, of .lusticH, Ist February, Sl'ECT TO 40 ACT OF THE PEOVINCE OF MANITOBA. 44 VIC, CAP 1 (1881) AK ACT TO PaovrnE .ou the Extk^s.o. ok the Bouno.hxks ok the Pnovxxc. Britain'':mr&;:r-rst:;ri^^^ Majesty's reign, intituled "An Act reTe ti , th ''^^ , '"''^y-^""'-^'' ^"'1 thirty-fifth years of Her ^^^fl^e.. Canada." it is enacted that nhe Par X 'S clnT T ''■ ''"""'^'^^ '" ^'^ ^^--ion of '^^''•^•^^^• the Legislature of anv Proving of thl -^ ' "'^' *™'" ''""' '"^ *"""• ^^'"^ t^" consent of 186 m§ .Tomr APPKNIIIX. Sw, II. The Arbitratiim. OorroH|x)ncl- encB and UiicuiiiPnts «Ub«C(lU'■ anco on tho twelfth' base Hn tould in rl7d lylZT.TV''' '^'1 T'' "' ^'^ ^""^'^ '^'''^^- boundary of the Province of Ontario uZlZ!, X^ J V '^"^ "^'^'^ *'°'" "''^'^'"'^ ^'^^ ^'^^t^'-lj n„_„j. l-„ ,, t! . T- ^ iiitersects tho aforesaid international l.n.in.larv i;„„ ,.i„:.i.-„^ ..na.. .or. the United .^uu.s ol America; thence due south, following upon the"saidTine'toth: I ifiiUMinriiniini [ch increase ;oba should increase .or out in this teration of ies thereof rig Canaila 10 enty-iiiuth Dominion nee, as the nsliips one nee by the i] surveys ; owing the he Act 39 nee on the boundary 20 nada from ei-national e dividing lich such [anitoba. le session e for the 39 nee hath upon tlie vice and that the joundary ween the e system ilowance ihips one ^q e by the surveys ; nng the t tliirty- l allow- kvesterly iiviiJing 3 to the 137 .".nbra,.ed by' the said d.s" pt Jnt ' now t^tiitZ Pr '" '"" '^7 "' 'r*-'""'"^'" ^"^' '^" "'« '^^ passing of this Act, be ad.ied tlu-reto anT Thf K k n'T "^ '^'''"'^"^'^ ■^'"^"' *'^»'» •^"^' ^^'^^'^ "»« the Province of Manitoba. ' ^^" "'^'^^ '^""' ^'"'' '^"'^ ^^«^ ^^e said date, form and be 2. The terms and conditions upon wliich such increase is made are as follows- ^Ji^J^::TZ%::^,r:;1rf^'^:^'^'''^' ''- Pamamentof Canada which have. Province, shall extl d tid I J ,f tlf^te^: t"" \'\'j''f''' -*° -^ -lo to apply to the said 10 as if the same had or LSlv bX 1 1..^^, .^^^ ""'' '^''''"^ ^heroto. as fully and effectually instance, been fixed a iic dl u"! done'bv ihi aT"" T-' ''t '"'"'"''^'^ ^"'-''•^"*" ^"^''- '" *'- «-* three of this Act. ^ *'''' Act-subject, however, to the provisions of section Pacific Railway and the lands to be^ranLd ^aid theLl; '" ^'^"''''' "■^'"^'^^"'^' ^^" ^''^"^'^^'^ the :j^^z rL:: •::;:.: S;:;^?;:: mr '7''. -'':' '- ''- ^™™ °^ ^^-^^^^-^ ^* legal commissions, powers and uthoiL trail fh::'^ ■' TI "'f "'"""' ^""•^'^''=^^^"'' ^"'^ ^" existing therein at he time of the On i2 tn f "fte '"s ud.c.al. administrative, and ministerial, 20 territory ha.1 not been adde t he ai^ I n , ■"'" ^''' '^"" '''^""""'^ ^^--» ^ ^^ «"«h within the legislative au 1 orit o thT 7^' 7'r\ """-'^''"''^•''■''- "'^l^ -"-P^^t ^o matters abolished or aftered b^ the tl^^lalre. ' " ""' ' " '''"^^'"^'^ "*' '^*'^"'^"^'^' *" «>« -P-'^^- [Proclamation issued, dated in Juno is«i „. • ii ,i Act to con.e into force.] ' '' '^''P°"'*'''^' ^he 1st of July following as the day for the Joint ArPKNiiiz. Sec. II. The Arbitralion Correspond- enue and Documonti iul)H('" ^"iiiieii, u "proved oy ms B^xceiiencv 1 10 Ar,.,^n. aovernor-Oeneral ou the Olh April. 1872. it was atliru.ed to be "of the greatest consequence to the ""ZZZt r'° ^";; ^«ll-l>«'"« »f "'« country in the vicinity of the dividing line, that no question as to jurisdic l?Z;'Z!t !""' '"' : TT I ^T'"''^''''' "' P""!^'""'-'"^ ->»• ^^rime. shoul.l arise or be allowed to continue ;" and tothoiwarU, '^ ^'^^ ""^ ^'""l^t"'! " H'^t both Governu.ents would feel it their duty to settle, without further delay upon some proper n.ode of determining, in an authoritative nuinner, the true position of such bou.i.lary.'' On the Ist of May in the same year, Sir John A. Macdonald. the Premier, and then Minister of Justice, made a report, which was approved by Order in Council, in which report it was stated, in 10 relerence to the disputed territory, that "it was very material that crime should not be unpunished or unprevented ; and in this view it was suggested that " the Government of Ontario k. invited to concur in a statement of the case for ini.nediute reference to the Ju,licial Committee of the Privy Council of l!-ngland It was further state.l that "the mineral wealth of the North-West country is likely to attract a large immigration to those parts; an.l witli a view to its develoi.ment. as svell as to prevent the contusion an.l strife that is certain to arise among the miners an.l other settlers so long 88 the Ontario Des I^''^ / f K^ 1" ho^nu]ary exists," it was recommended that a eourse of joint action should meanwhile tan D s. be adopted by the Dominion and the Piovuico " in regard to the grants of lands and of issuing licenses. Dec., 1881. reservation of royalties, etc." By another Onler in Council, approved on the 7th of November. 1872, His Excellency the Governor- 20 General s Bedenil advisers obtained the sanction of the Crown to the statement tha( " M.e importance of obta.mng an authoritative decision as to the limits to the north and to the west of the Province of Ontario had already b.en affirmed by a Minute in Council." and that "the establishment of criminal and civil jurisdiction, and the necessity of meeting the deman.ls of settlers and miners for the acquisi- tion ot titles to lami, combined to render such a decisi.m indispensable." On the 2Gth of June. 1874. a provisional arrangement was made for the .sale of lands in the dis- puted territory, which arrangement was in force from its date until .'3rd August, 1878, when the award was made. By the awanl so much of the territory theretofore in dispute as was situate east of the meridian of the most north-western angle of the Lake of the Woods (say longitu.le 95' 14' .']8" W ) was awarded to Ontario, an.l the claim theretofore made on behalf of this secti..n of Canada to the territory 30 beyond that meridian, to either the White Earth River or the Rocky Mountaias. was negatived by the Arbitrators. •' I beg to remind you that fr.)m that .lay to this the Federal Government has made no official com- munication to the Government (,f this Province of their intention to reject the award, but my G..vern. ment has been left to gather this intention from the omission of the Federal Government for the first two .sessions of Parliament to bring in any measure for the recognition or cntlrmati.m of the award- and from the speeches made in Parliament by Ministers during the last two sessions; and more dis- tinctly from the transfer made last session to Manitoba by the Act alrea.ly mentioned, an.l which Act passed notwithstanding the remonstrances of this G.^vornment, ha.l the effect of putting it out of the' power of the Dominion to conHrm the award without the concurrence of that Province. 40 My Government cannot doubt that the Federal authorities are aware and will admit that the progress of the country in the last nine years, and the realization during this period of the condition of things, which in 1872 was only anticipated, have immensely increased the duty then perceived and expressed by your Government, that "no question as to juris.liction or the means of prevention or punishment of crime should be allowed to continue;" and that there is a " necessity of meetinff the demands of .setllers and miners for the acquisition of titles to lands." Immigrants an.l others have as anticipated, been attracted to the territory in dispute, in common with the r.'st of the North- West Territone-s ; numerous settlers, miners and lumberers have now gone into the territory ; a large floatine population is there; also a considerable number of persons who desire to be .settlers; and the lands minus and timber of the territory are in active demand. ' r/j hfl »tionn in t>y your ency tlio to the jurisdic- le;" and miliary." lister of ,atoiI, ill 10 islied or J concur luncil of ii --."r Government ^- "• -^ - i...r.nat:on h. not heen givL. no:'!-:;-:. ! llrS^ t^^lS^ ^^^^ ' ^^ -eXrr t..f^;;:r;o:r ^^ ;;;i:::i: ;: - r"- ^^ -- -^ --■ - - ^^^ ?- •luarters-that ti.e explorers and mineJ on he ak 't, VV^ '^ '"^ 7"'"^ "'^" '^•"'•^"^" f^'" «^»>- ^^^'^^ and looses from the continuance of the te dt a "i ' 1 . 7''^ had su fie red great disappointn.ent. '««'- 10 money in exploring and surveys, expeeti '^^; '^^^^^^^^^^^ ^''^'" ^"^J expended all their nothmg could be done with mininit capitalists >. . '"" '"^^^^ments and toil, but that the delay of another year won tu n n 1; ha ■^" ' "'" ? V" '"'^'^ '''''''' ""^ ^'^' i'--"-' > tha return, causing lo.st.^nerclnu.t::^,,^l^^^^^^^^ ''^ '"""^T '"'" ^'^^' locality neJer to locality were suffering in many ways o . h! nn . ^, ''""'' *° '''^"" = ''"^^ ^''« I'«"Pl« of the of acknowledge.! juHsdiction'tcl let de t TlJ: ^Tr f "''•"''• "'^•^" ^^*'"^' "« ''-' -url record deeds, and no disinterested timl or a nt to ^ I T'lv. r °'''" •'''"'^""' "" ^''^'^^^^^ ««<=« *» confusion; that the claims to nuner and' t , ? ' '' '^'.^'T''' '^''' ^^^ '^'^ ""certainty and would soon be unable to recognire thli own mt^r"^/"'"' ''^ ''"^^' "'" «'--d locations tunes, the surveys covering each other • that tl . „ • / . T"'" ',"''' ^^"' ^'^''" «""«y«J ««voral Ontario De.. 20 perhaps nn.rder, over thcsl clain^s tl at m.. 'r''^'™'' If "" ^^""^^ *'"^- -^'^l ^e Hghting, and C 'x^^J.. -mned rights against wealthier ciaan^^^^^'a^^^^^^^^^^^^ '^"^"'''"^ "-^ «"PP-d or with great success, and much to th. iniurv of f^^ . T J 7" "'''' '''y'"" '^'''' ^^^^'^' filing Manitoba Act referred to has intr 1 c n t.' ^ " f T^"" ''^'^ ""' '''' eonununication, thf vincial laws, and two sets of Provinda ofil s ! '/, .T'' ""^ '^''''"^'''- '^^^ ««^ of Pro- the organized parts of the territory ' '"habitants of both the unorganized and up t^s:::: J^'L^r^ri^r ';;i;:r ; r t^ " r ^^'^'^^ «^ ^-^-^ ^^-. officen, of Upper Canada had always b ". Zme I V h 7' """"""•^' '' "" ''^"•''' ''""^^^ »»d dispute or cuestion, and where, s nee Z^^ It 1 T. "^rTT ""' "" ''"P"'^*'""' -i^^out 30 assumed in the same manner -the un ortum to , . ? •""["•^ '^^ ''"''^"^ '"^'^ °«"^i""<^d to be the Manitoba Hill), pointed ouTlyt^^^^^TTc' '''" "'Yl'T' """' "''''' <'" ^'^^ '^^^'^^^ °° Arthurs Landing n.ky resist the pLess s of L ' ■ "-"^"^'""""^ ^° ^^^ ^'"^ = " The people of Prince an illegality. A^man .nay say JZZl IZ'i^ """"l "^ '' "" '^'""^'" ^''^^ '^ " -"fitting Ontario Court, and Ontario laws do not ext r e 1' ' "'" '"""^^ '""' "^'^'^ '^ ^^^^ P-cess of I «a."e things may be said in respect 0.1^:^1::-]^^: JZ^^^:-]^ :!:^ " ^ repeate^rca;::i^r^:Sn^:;::oz:t^^^^ ^-^^' ^^?. "r^-"™-^'^^ ^-^-^^ >^- the .iispute. and to the i.nportance am dZ of „ t n "°? ,'""'"'"' ''"' "'^'^^ ^^^'^ '^"«°'^i"g adequate provisional arrangement^ 7 h?walrltt';\"\' -ttlement of the question, or of making 40 but no measure has ever been recommended to P • I ^ ''""^"'''^ ^^ '^' ^^"^'"'^ authorities! civil rights or the trial of civil n" tZ tl'e e^ils tr "' /""''' ""' "''"''''''' "'^^^ -f--<=« ^^ diction. ' '''" "^'''^ ^'^^'^ "'«'"^' from varying laws and disputed juris- ^^-^^:X:!:::!^::::z:^^ ^^i '- •'«-- — ^.^y ^^^e Dominion tion is so defective that no ma"istrror ^ r 1 T '''"'"" '^^ '' ^•'=' ^^l'' ^'^ ' ''"^' ""« l^gi^la- any assurance that his ulSi n wlllnCbe'dt ^1'""; '''7 '' '"^ ''^^^^^'^ ^^^"^'^ ^"^-^ pass. •' " °"^ ^^ disputed, or his officrs set at defiance or sued in tres- r„„l" '*»',^oritativo determination of the right might be accompl.-->..d at once bv -- P- - - » "na:ri :im tnc- L. r|„ ature of Munitnhn r^„ a 1 ^ m-i u at once, Dj .nc taiiiamcni or 50 Imperial Act 34 and S5 Vrl 28 "n 1 T'"^" « T P"'-P'>«e. under the authority of the , ic, cap. 28 , and otherwise. But my Government are aware that the policy Joint Appkndix. swTi. The Arhilratiiin. C()rr««|)ond- encx and l)i)cum«iiti •uhiN'(iH«nt tothtsAwftn), 1(W1. Ontario Des- patch, :<1 Ueo., 1881. 140 alMred"*'"'"^ ^"''""'' ^'"""""""""^ ''"'' '''^'•'i'*'"«nt forbi.ls any expectation of that oourHe being Iti 1872 your Oovernn.ent propoic.l an inin.odiato reference to the Judicial Committee of the Privy .ounc. ; an. it was .suKj,'.-Htu.l in a eo>n.„u.,ic.ation to the (Jovurnmont of Ontari.. that "no other tri- .una ti.an that oi tho (,.,„.un in Counnl wo„l,i lu- satisfartory to th.. oth.-r Provinovs of the Dominion, m a decision of .luest.on. in which they have a lar^-o intor, st, the importance of which is by current oven s LernK constantly and n-poatedly au^Mnentod." My (lov..rnn,..nt have observed alno that in the debate m the .V>nate on the Manitoba H.ll bust session, Sir Alexander Can.plM.II, Hpeakin- f.,r the Uov- ormnent, said : "Ihe boun.lary line wdl have t., In- settled, (t will be settled, I suppose, by some reference to the Jud.cal Co.nn.ittee of the Privy Council of K„«!und. or «ome other tribunal. No par- 10 tjcular burden w.ll be thrown on Manitoba to proc.re a settlement." Spoakin^ of the boundary line, the same Mm.ster further observed: "Its ioeaUon is a n.atter of dispute; and all wo can do is to en(teavour to jret Ontario to ajfree to some tribunal by which it can be settled." In the House of Commons' debate on the same Bill, at a subsequent time, the Premier said, speak- •n? of lus predecesors : '• The Uovenunent w.-r. peculiarly bound to see that the question was left to a tribunal that could speak authoritatively ; ai I do not see, unless they were afrai.l of O.e.r ca>e, why they (the Ontario C.overnn.ent) should have objected to the huperial tribunal, to which it must ^o bnal y. Ihat is the only way of settling the ease. All must submit to that, the highest tribunal in tile Lmpiro. ° Havinjr reference to these observations, and rememberii^K that the award of the .listinff,.ished 20 gentlemen who were chosen by the two Oovern.nents a.s Arbitrators, and whose ability and in.parti- ahty have always been acknowledged has not been satisfactory to the Federal authorities, I do not suppose that any tribunal constituted by agreement of the parties would, under all the circumstance., be proper or satisfactory. A reference to the Judicial Committee of the Privy Council, or to any other tribunal, would in- volve much loss of time; and meanwhile the advices received from the territo.y indicate that the tim- ^'l rT'.h ''. ? 7"; i '^"' "'"'"""' •'"""'*''^'' "*■ •* "'' '^^''"« f"-'^°^''-'^"y I-t to the Province ; and that the developmen of the territory is arrested, to the permanent injury of this Province, by the continued absence of undisputed authority to enforce order, administer justice, and grant titles. The evih, arising from tins state o things are so great, and are increa-sing so rapidly, an.l it is so important 30 that the Province should, without further delay, secure peaceable possession of whatever limits it is entitled to, hat my Government would be willing, with the concurrence of the Legislature, to submit the matter to the Privy Council, on condition of consent being given by the Dominion Government and that of Manitoba, and by the Parliament of Canada and the Legislature of Manitoba, to just arrangements for the government of the territory in the meantime. Without such provisional arrangements, this Province may as well wait for the confirmation of the award, which so far as concerns the rights and powers still remaining to the Dominion) my Gov- ernment confident y expect from another Parliament, a.s go to the expense, and have the unavoidable delay of a second litigation. From the time that it became manifest that the Dominion Government did not contemplate an 40 eay recognition of the award provisional arrangements have from time to time been suggested by this Government and by the Attorney-General on its behalf. I beg to refer you to the cmLunica! tions containing these suggestions; and I may a.ld that your Government has not hitherto ma.le any Inrggestld!"" ^"'""^-'-^'^ *« ^*^- Government; nor have any counter propositions hitherto It may be convenient here to state the substance of these suggestions : (1) By reason of the award, and of its accordance with the contentions of the Province and Do- minion of Canada up to 1«70, the prima facie title to the territorv must 1. .,1....... T^"t T Province oi Ontario ; and it was therefore proposed that, pending 'the dispute", "tldsPmJince should 2( 30 40 60 «e being ho Privy ithor tri- oininion, ■ current nt in tlie ilio Uov- by Hoino No par- 10 iiry lino, do iH tu I, Hpoak- luft to a ise, why must p) )unal in ipiiisheil 20 iiiparti- (lo not Htances, Diild in- )he tim- •ovitice; , by the H. The portant 30 ts it is submit rninent to juat ition of y Oov- uidable lato an 40 (ted by lunica- ie any itherto id Do- in fhs should 141 ffec. Jl. thU ^!^ Ah (without a HUto of practical anan-hy) thoro cannot continue to b„ two ,vsto.ns of law in '<'*•'-'•'■''. .tZ 1 11? ^-' 7"'- -'-•'•• '-y th. Uriti.h North America Act. aJo within Pro incial juris- TCZL iNrtl. 10 shoni f b'^ '"'' ^'"'''7 ''"?'""■"' *'"'^' '''"•""" *'"' '•''•1^"^«- ^^' J«"«'liction of our CourtH and ollicers lOHhouIl bo reco,Muz..,| and ...nlirmed ; and that tho juris.liction of our stipendiary nm^irtratr in the cap, I. , Ont. Hum extended jur.s.hction. it u.ay be observed, would not be so .aeat as the iurisdic on wh.eh has been conferred by Do.ui.uon Statutes upon nin.ilar magistrates in the tuiies of the l)o„,.u.on. To prevent doubts, there should be legislation by the Fed. ^ Par iamcn i l" the Ltig.slatures of both Manitoba and Ontario. ^u rai larliamtnt, and by The Manitoba Aet of the last session of Parliament has rendered necessary the concurrence of the aovermuent an I.,Hla.ure of Manitoba in the provisional arran^enu-nts referred to But t in given gladly for , is not to be supposed that that Province^^with its small revenue and with the nitrtascd t.} tlie same Act trom I.'),K;4 to upwar" ^ of 100 000 souaro uiilfs— ran .1,- L ♦ \ J l>»tcl., 3i,t ^rt..er expen^ and responsibU.y of the t^.^ra,, .ovenuuen^:;^^ ^0 ..Zt ^ ^^ ::;S ^^•' "'• t rntory. wh.ch may never be theirs, and to vhieh such f the people of Mar itoba .s may tak he t ouble to learn the (acts must feel it not in. nn • .!o tha, Ontario Ls the right; since s7ch was in 1870 i: iZ '''''rrr'"' "'"" " "'^^^^ ^'^' '^ "■ ^— •- Governt.e.;ts of cI ada up o 1870 and s.nce such h.ghly competent referees a. -t Uight Honourable Sir Kdward Thornton tLn Her Maj..sty.s An. bassador at Washington, and now her Amba.ssador to the Court o SpT.bX the late Honourable duel Justice Harrison, and the Honourable Sir Francis Hincks K C f declared and awarded the disputed territory to be within the boundaries of Z Province! " 30 I have called the Ontario Legislature to n.eet f.>r the dispatch of business on the 12th of January. I perce.ve that the Parliament of Canada is to meet in the following mon"h, and would ospectully ";j,'o the great unporUnce of my being o.Iieially informed, befofe the meeting of our t^^7Zi^^ "''■;'"'' ''""''■"'''"^^'^^ "^^ wiUmg. with the concurrence ortl^LegisTa tu e of Man.toba. so tar as such concurrence is necessary, to agree to the arrangenu-nts which have b en suggested, and to obtam from Parliament at its approaching session the Dominion 1 Ifslattoa necessary to g.ve ertect to such arrangen.ents. Or. if th. Dominion (ioverun>ent is not wdHmr to ag^ee to the arrangements suggeste.1. my Covernment would be glad to be informed "Llthri J " , f H '■"" .^."^•''^':"'"-* -'^ P-l'--» to agree, for the linal settlement of the que tL of I beg also to renew the request ma.le in a fornu-r despatch, but not hitherto noticed bv vour Government, for .nformatum as to the transactions of your Gover-unent with resnec tHL r TI terntory since the date of the award. What my Government de:! to av^^ 1^^^^^^^^ transactions w.th respect to the timber an.l lauds respectively, includin.. copies of ri^l™tL! peruHts regulations, instructions, letters, docun.onts and papers of eveW kind rei; nTto th Z'' 50 ^eriient or not. It has recently been stated in the public journals that the Federal Government had assumed 142 JornT ApI'EJdilx. S«o. II. The Arbilraliim. whole length. No eonun.S ,m on tl, I ^^.^'''^y'"''^" "» ^'"^eh .si.lo of this roa.l throughout its If the newspaper sta .Zt s 11-^ ' "" "'" ""'"""' '''"•" *'"' '^'^■''-'^' 0-ern„,ent. Co..;;::n.. territory is in 'isp. ^I „ rrsto,. H T'"""'' T'^"'''""^ ■^"•""^ ^'"^^' ^ ^^c right to the U=l.. authorifies ; an.l 'hat f Z Co .rr I Z ""I" '""1" ;'"'?"^ ^'l^ ''""'="^^«"- "^ *^« I'--'"-! ti'lra. P-vious notice to what was contr:^^^^ X, "'• 'r^'^''""''' ''' "" ^-^'^ '-- ^-» mi.'i • or e.-cpostulation, of seein.^ that if ,! 11 m \ " '""' "" <'PPO'-t"nity l.y negotiation have 'respectfully to rt ^st opi s of Th Or 1 r''' 1 "". """"" ^^^^" ""^ ^'''^ '' »-^"^*- ^ the transaction. ^ ^ ^^° *^"^'" '" * °""«'' ^"^' °t''<^'- «. Satth, 2rth anuary, 18S2. 20 THE SECRETAKV OK SXATE (CaNAO..). TO THK LlKnTENANT-GoVEUNOR op ONTARIO.. Sin I »,„., *u I ... OlTAwA, 27th January, 1882. I havo now l„ „„t. ,■„, tl>e i„t„r,„atio„ „t your Oovcromont m, follow, ■ ot the ,,„„,tio„ In ,11, °c I tl V,r , , " V"""" "l'l"-""'«"'l°- »" «"'li"HUtivo ,lc.ci,i„„ w t J.KC „.«„ Ji'rrrirJZir::!.:;:;^:^^^^^ '' '■-■'^-' "■^'" "»^' ^-^ duty, it kconrnvrd. ot tl». urvLT, It^ h , ° T ' !""' "■"'"""' """ "•'■"'"■•>•■ '' '" "'« ^.r.i.™ti„„ ,„„„ I. ^r:; :. rjll :::rrc^ ""^ ■"" °' "■ -' '° -""' aov„™l:tSfe«'.;;:un:.rt::rit'';' "'""""■■'■i "'r™ ""- ""• "■• ""-"»" »f "-•'o ..mler oo„,idcr.tion U, l..v« Jc!,™ I ^ll, Wv^ " "' "I"""™"™''" ""-»" "" c»'"in,n,i„ti„„ 40 l«c.n .ottl«l by .1,0 hi,,,,,., SX ' I I , , i ' , ,7 r ';""°'' """''' '""S "'"" '"" r».ntiy.o„„iL No,t,..w..t To™rL'':„tSi:;;;:,y "r/i^'^.j^r " """"""' '"• "■•- ^ ., i___. ."!„. _.T , K„,.„n, Ho. voma , u»n»a». UaiwJ I4th February. 1882. 3( 40 disputed iighoiit its veininont. ;ht to tlio J'rovincial 'lavo had 'j,'i)tiation lujfht. I ilating to 10 IINSON. W2. id under I to the 20 have on lecision ;ir duty itories ; t is the agree of the 30 nd the d to in nd the )f law, luncy's furred of the cation 40 liave then ■io, oa >uf,'ht n the Joint ApPBNDra. Sec. II. Arbitration. 14S 8 Thn n I r 1 '-^"uiit.ii. Arbitration authorative decision unon thon„> f • , , " ">^ ^'""^' Uoverninent as a mode of seeking an '•"•-••'■"--t. "'^"""" "P'»i the qiiostion mvo ve( as a matter of law K„t,„n , ^*''^"'s *" 8iii«...n,ent a conventional line without first ascertain in,, thotrl ,, ''^^^'/^"*™t»>«'-ent only could have al. 1 e"^^^^^^^ '" '^^^'^ '^ -'-''- ''• a dispute aro^o/ft^r.VfJr determination by the legal tribunals of thrZ tr^ sl ."a V"'" ^^^'^.^^^f-'^'^-^- authoritative fc"" had been fou.ul that it promise.l to be to tluo ■ '^"'^'' * ^'^'^''^'o'^ ^^aving been once obtained, if it 20 conventional boun..a.y ^hould^^I^b ,' l" r:':!;:!^;?"" ■"" ''' '"^"^"'"^ ^^^^''^ ^^^ '^ sought fronUhe Legislatures of those Provin a„ f . 'l' ';"';.*''^'->''f"* -'^^ ""K''t have been adoption of such a conventional line. Parliament o. the Do.ninion for the showi^;s::o:r;z:;n;^r^::i;:;::f:;-::^^ boundary is t^rther Imperial Act 34 and 1.5 Vic. Cap. 38 erm rthe Pa ^ ' 'r' t \ "'' '"■"''""" "•"*'^'"-' '" ^he wise alter the lin.its of a I>r vin , wit U I . !f T"'," '^""'' , ''—.^'i-i-.^h.orother- to the linuts of their Province being chin d T pV 11 e^i f T^P^^^ '^'^ ^'' «'""» ^'^^"- -«-* The passage of such an Act shows t^hat "was L s^ Id l^^;;'r; '"i '^"^^''' ^^,'"'^^'^""- *^ ""-^''^ '-• taine.1. but that a conventional one should be C Town ^"""''"''^ ''"° ^'^""'^ ^^ ^^er- 80^_^ 12. It must further be observed thataCWmitteeoftheHouseof Commons... reported aafollows. which i;:;;r:dr'°'n::i;s:nC'^^'''r^^^" '•- ^^'^ '^^ «^ ^"^-^- '^7«. ^ copy of proposed subsequent to the Treaty of Utrecht (llZ U t f. n""^' ''"' "^"'" '"'g«^''^ted or te^itory granted W Royal Charti in 1^ ^ ule 'Lr aTlit tuZ'^K:^;'""':?^ ;"" ^"*^ Hudson IJay, am t cuts throui'b Indian for.if,>..i i- i ^^'Jvuiturers of England trailing into m, ..„, , »,.,, 2 ,„.„,^ ,v.. ci ,.';;':c:;'r;: ': ■ r;:^:,^" r-^ir °"r ■"' ^^^ Cana.la. or either of them,' and it carries the b,..,,,, „..; rn . ."^"vincts of Lower Cana.la or Upper 40 of A.siniboia. which was not a p rt Up - C a a ' sh ' "?." ''*' ""''^ "' "'^ '°''"- ^'-^ for the (Jovernment of the Don inion to Imv u^^le aki U 7.""''""^ '' """''^ '"^^•«' ^'^ defining the true boundaries. "n-lertaken to ask Parliament to adopt the award as one opposed to that „,ode of disposing fun 'ILct;; 1 ^^ T """"l '"'^"^ ^''•""■^^''^'- --« authority, and that the dut^ of tte Uoverrrr ^zi^ ihe di:;::::;:^;^ ^^^^^^^ Joint ArpKNiiix. Sec. ir. Tht A rbitration, Corre8|)oiiis oflice in Toronto, tiiat the Government of the l>ominion and that of Ontario should unite in soliciting the good olliccs of some eminent English legal functionary for the purpose of determining the true boundary line. The names of Lord Selborne, who was theii, it was reporteil, likely to seek lelief from the fatigues of liis office, 20 and of Lonl t'airns, were suggested by Sir John Macdonald, who proposed that one or other of these noblemen, or some other distinguished legal functionary, should be invited to come to Canada, to sit in Toronto or elsewhere, for the purpose of hearing the evidence and ileciding upon the boundary question, as one of law, susceptible of being determined by evidence as other important (juestions are. 18. The great advantage in such a submission would be that whilst legal ability and learning of the highest character woulil lie ,«ecureil for the decision of the question, it would have given both parties the opportunity of submitting such evidence as they miglit think proper, anut forth fnu'.nting CJovern- »ce fiara- and tlic 4,0 loiiiuiary nally, to manner, iv'xtU the on of the igh legal , on the . y » 140 one of Law'^^^t'^Jf'^^^^ '• "' T"" T ^"l"*/"" " ""^ "'''^'^ '^'^-''^ ^« -"^^--^ rigidly as .c. exerting an.l Uxi tliZd v s f. , " ^^e acqu.s.tum of the territory, and who are now largely «- "■ the Government of^oit::,::::^^ '^' *« ^''-^ -*--• ^J. 1 he Government of the Dominion hi'lievp thnf f ho ;«K...„ot e r\ ^ • . totl.uAward, action which they advise as much an T f i ., ° ^"*''"'* '"'*' considered by the ^««2. 10 anxiety is that a^e' J , .." i n 1 n 7'-^ "^ " """""''^ ""' "'^ "''""• ^''•"^'"^«' '^''-- "nly also a/a n.e.nber oF CW Cllt n . ) u" r' '"'TT' '^ ''^'^"' '""^ '" ^^''''^'^ '^ '« ^"^--^^^^ iuti 01 uiu Uoute.leration. should be disposed of by a Legal Tribunal rni^ t?z Si S:l;,*i'':,- r-r' t' y,""; ,"■"" •- °°'-""-' ■■■ "'^ '»■■ • '"i- Court. witl,tb„,i„bt„( ,, iv , .„ i '"'"-','«"' l""=""»«'-,v.." «.igse,,u.,l, or by the Supreme «.»„ ,>o,„ »„y .lLiI:!,:.:;;; ".: ■!:::x:r:;;;::rt:;:z,srr' - •-'-' ^ '^« - J':^'';:tM,lt,i;;t to tilt'''"'-"" '""'-^ -'-'^ -' ^ »---' - '---^ Au.it /s7?r"r;"'V';,''""'' ''r^f ' ''"^^ "^ ^'--entional boundary terminated «« the 3rd of Angus . 187.S the date o the award ret.-rre.l to, seems to be without foundation ■ but if the Con ven tional bne ..s to bo considered .s having been then abrogated, it must be considi I a/a a end Z il' purposes, leaving both parties to assert their own rights in reference to all the ..iXus bvoTvod Or,W,„ a„J „o«o „i iUi.Uob.. tbo Uovoriuiionl „t tl,o Uoiuinion wouUl u,« it, mw„l .X " 'Vr^u uov.„j„»t „, M.„i.„u ^ i,..„„ u,.,. ., o.,„..„. .b.. .be ,.„ j:tL™:.t7.ti';rur;"::'„? JOIKT Appkndix. Sec. n. The Arbitration. Correapond- ence and Document* ■ubseuuent t '■"'■CO between the Province and the Do ainiun" was "at ai; end, the Award having definitely settled ' the boun.laries of the Province .md the Dominicm," within (he meaning of the pro- visional arrangement.f The receipt of these despatel.os /as formally acknowledged, but neither of them was answere.l otherwise. No exception was tak !. !.) tiio alleged termination of the provisional 10 arrangement ; and the Province was still left without y intimation of an intention to repudiate the Award The first intimation of this intention was given during the session of Parliament held in the year 1880. Until then there was no known Act of the Federal (Government or speech of Federal Min- isters which did not consist with an ultimute lecognition of the Awani by th,- Oovernmcnt of Canada. The recognition of the Award by the Parliament of Cana.la is desirable, to prevent doubts and disputes ; but my Government do not admit that the Award has no lei.c.il force vrithout such Parliamen- tary action. It is to be reuiembered that the Hritish North America Act contains no provision giving authority to Parliament to deal with the boundaries of the Dondniou or Provinces; aud my Government contend that the reference was within the powers incident to Excutivo authority. It is admitted in your despatch that a reference to the ordinary legal tribunals won).; have be( n vvi?.hin20 su.ih authority, an.l it is not eiusy to .see why a reference, nuide in good faith, nvi with tht' acqui- escence of Parliament for several years, to a Tribunal created by mutual consent for the purpose, should stand in a different position. Kven if the A\\:ird is suppo.sed to have no ]i>gal etfect ' .itil sancti.-i.ed by iVIiament, still it appears to my Governnu-c. to be incon.sistent aliki ^vith reason and justice, with Britisik precedent ami practice, that the Fudenil Government fihoulil, at this late date, and after all these pr<)''.-edinus, refuse to ask such Parliamentary -sanction .n thaf 'Us Excellency's present Advi.sers shoidd y.-e'v to excuse a repudiation of the Award, by alleging ijiiilijli., j in t.heii [.redeces-sors to sane- tion, an arbitration, or by the preference of His Excellency's prir^fnt, Advisers for some other scheme of adjustmeiH, ' ferences to arbitration, without previous P,irliiur. ..• tary sa iction, of matters involv- ing large sums nf inoney have been frequera. ; and, for this purp.j'v, betweci; questions of money and 30 questions of territory there is not in reason any .solid distinction, if, as your despatch suggests, the Dominion GovernmciU ■' cupy a fidu;iary position with reference to the territory in question, it is equally true that they occupy (. fiduciary position in regard to every power which, as a Government, they possess or exercise. It seems to my Government Kat, under all the circumstances, the Award should have been promptly accepted, even if it had app -.vred that the arbitrators had not founni, (Jiitario, 1880, No. 46, p. 2 j lb. 1876, No. 14. it Sew. Pupers, Oat&rio, 1876, No. 14, p. 14, 41 liainent of B delay in feet to the tlio atten- irbitrators I arrango- ml having )i the pro- ncither of )rovi.sional 10 udiate tlie uld in the iloral Min- f Canada. ouhts and 'arliiunen- ion K'^'i"fi fiU'l my ity. It is ( n vvivhin 20 the Eoqui- )8e, should iancti.ii.c'd jtice, with I after all t Ailvisers s to sanc- >r sehemo rs involv- oney and 30 ge.sts, the aon, it is k^ornment, ave been 'hat they mindarios dcsjiatch, idarics, is II of liJthiO northern tion of a for such oved the ntario in rrived at ICO there, ards this \ .! 149 trato^w'r! ^^';;'^^'^^"'];'^^ 7"^- «"* na.ned having died, and another having resigned, new arbi- Jo,.r trators were a, p-nnted ,n th.Mr places-viz., c;hief Justice Harrison and Sir Franeis Hincks • and these ''"'""""*• and when the arbitrators n.et to hear counsel-viz., on the .Slst July. 1M7,S. Ry the Order in Counci . ~ . 1^:; .r:;d:^;'rif 7"' •^-"^--y-^- agam provid^i nhat th^ieten:i::;:;r:he^=t be^lk ! *' •'"'''"••''•'•f >>-%..ra n.ajority of them.in the matter of the said boundaries respectively ^XZlJ like olr in"r "■' ^■""'■'"■^' '•';■; "'^'' ^'"- -'"•• '^^— "t «s before with respect to legislation.- A I'^i'^'^'^'""' 10 fc^i?. 1 a, V ^T,"''' r"' '^''" ''""^'■'" •'— "'-^- Jt i^ -t pretended that the arbitrators nr!,ar 1 V '"-^^''f' '"^ -'^-"1 «'« O-.lers in Council, The .statenunts of the ca.se which were dscssid if. :;!'"•; ';, ' r^'"""' (JovenuneMs,and printed and laid before the arbitrators. orb" sit ' M ";'•""" " " """^"" "•■ ''^"'^ '^''^^' "" ""- -«""-'t'' -•- «^' counsel on b..*,>s.de.s before the arbitrators .l.-alt with the question ,us a n.atter of law- au.l the Award T!^ l^^^^"''"'"" '^""''^"" " ''''"' "'■" ''"'' "'^'^" '" '^''' '"•^"''^••'^ •'"•^ ^-•^*«'-'y boundaries find '''\rri fin ri"T"^f'''''-^'-"''"''''''"^ evidence, that the arbitrators ,Hd not propose to find, .. did not find, what ,,. then- opunon were and are my. boundaries, the true boun.larie the le-^al boundar.es .s what, in the view of n.y advi.sers. neither Covernn.ent can possibly ,lu n any pr „c "pi known m law, or recognized in ,.ublic or ,>rivate tran.sactions. ^ ^ ^ ^° .. , '^■^" r° '^"^^ "''^ ""? '''' ''"•■"• «''• ^''""^'^*« "'"'-J^"*. tt'c Arbitrator for the Dominion, has taken r:rs t^r'tT'^'Tr ' " '"^ '^ *'*' ''"'''''^- "• '^ ''■'^^"- '''■"^•-•'•'' "^v 1-.. on the .ti. m;. ;«" aul o, il L „;:";"" -r" ?'"'"'.'" ''"■'■ •'^■"""" •^"'"'>' ''^ ^^^^^ -'^ Pamament. proclamationa o„taH,. ..«.- The ri/ ' .'• •'""' :"' "" '^'"'""■''•^' "*■ "^"^^^ "*■ ''■^'•"'"-"t. and international treaties. . . . CMSa I h t ttl ""7 """"" ""'; '"'"" "'"■"'"' ^'* ^" ^''" '''^'^ "*• ^'- •■-. ^'-- boundaries set con i 1 a. > "'■'" ^T:T^ '" ' '"■■""•■ *''*^"' '''^" '"'y "*'»'•• ""- »•>• tbese facts, and by the bv anv o ?"; rT'-' " r"'' '^'";"''' '""' ""■''' ^""''" '^'"' ^"•^•'"•" *'"■ •'•^^ternnnation of the quesUons by any cou.petent lega or other tribunal." I„ the lecture he gives a ,■«.«,.. of the groun.ls 1 which bo ndar'v T " 'T:'; "" '^" "' ''''''' ^'" *" ^''°" ^'"' '^•«'^' ^""■-•-•'-- ^^ ^» ^he we,s n 30 nort Z; ""^ ' " r """'"" ""'•" '■'""■'>■ "♦■ "'^'"'"■' *'"^^ »'"' i>'t-national boundary at the 30 n •> tb-wcste.n angle ot the Lake of the Woods was the true , .t ..f departure." This poiut settled the we.stern boundary as awan ed.aud it is in this district of the Province that the Federal authorities have actuely mteriered w.th the rights of the Province, and that the territory is n.ost valuable and .^ vigorous adn.nnstrat.on of justice n.u.st needed. The northern boundary (in the opinion ^the stltes ■•;'; Ir r; "'T ';. " V *"? '" '""'•*"' the arbitrators was, .sSifFrandsHlncks ^eed H ■'" ^^' '"" ''"'■' '"^'' ""'■" '•■••'•'*"••>■' "»^ -''-tber it should have ha.l less nt^lflt TT. T" ''"'.r'"" ''"' '^"'^^^"••' ^''^''^ ^"^ ^»"^-- •"«- territory than itTs ent.t e.l to s urher .len.onstrated by the .staten.ent of Sir Francis in the san.e lecture, that " the only que.st.ons ot ,loub were decided in favour of the Dondnion ; that both on the wes a.u n or h tl4 40 doubts were whether Ontario should not have had more territory." Yourdespatch obiecru, on^^^^^^^^^^^^ :^;nh < u^rr'jr*' ^'"'.'^'"" ''"^ '"^"""^' •" '^ ^"^" cihierations iiuM hai no^i r :t w.th the <,uest.on ot legal boundaries ; yet convenience, or the a,g,..nent ah huunm-nienti is a recognized element of legal .nte.pretation where other considerations leave a q..estion of construction tn doubT Against all this evi.lence that the .p.estion which the arbitraton* conside.e.l (wheiher they were ^mt th": ; 7 "^ ';f r: "^ '^"t*'"' ••' ""^ ^^^ '^^^^ '""-'•'--• ■""• ^'-"^ -'"'^ ^bey ai .'1 wL a 7w TiX arl. ;:„^^'" '"" '7' '""""''^'r' '^"'' ''''''"'' ^"^^^^^ '"'"■^■'•V ^^ eircun.stancos (1) that two of the arb.t.ators were layn.en ; <2) that the Act of the O..Uvrio Legislatu.-e 3S Vic chan 6 affords an mference_._n favour o^ he Federal ..sun.ption. An elaborate Ir gun.ent witlwc^rd to * Soig. PaiHUB, (JaUricj, I87!i, No. 42. "" ' ~ "'^ ' ^ '^'^tlTnolT"') ''?: ^" ." '' "*"'"' "' ^"""'^"'^ Committee. Hou.e of Common.. Can., 1880, pp 237 291 \iZ^ "^»"«°'l»ry Co,.»u,tt«e. Uou« of (^ommou. (Canada). 1880, pp. 202, 301, 325. 150 JoiICT ArpiRinix. 8^1. The Arhilralitm. Correnpond- enoe »nd Ilociininnta •nlifii'qiittnt to the Award \mi. Ontario Don iiatcli, IH ^'eb., 1882. either point .s unnoceasary. Ah to the first point, four thing. ,niiy he Hhortly observod : (1) The question to ho arbitrate.! upon involve.l fact« as well a.s law. (2) If two of the refereas were layn.en the remam,n,r arbitrator the late Chief .lustiee l[arnson. was an able lawyer an.l Ju-l.e-a gentleman .t n,ay bo a.Me.U-l,o was a ( 'onservative in polities, an.l an ol.l personal frieu.l of the present First Minister ot Cana,la. , {) Phe two arbitrators chosen by the Oovernn.ents in 1S74 were Ju-lges-Chief Justice Riohanls nn.i Ju.Ige Wilu.ot; Sir Ivlwar.l Thornton wa- soon afterwar.l selected by the two Govern- ments a.s the thin 1 arbitrator. ,4) The case was one i. which eminent publicists, like Sir Edward Ihornton an.l Sir trancis Hin.-ks, were, by their training .md mental habits, ,,uitc as well fitted as any lawyer to ascertain and determine the legal boundaries. Sir Kdward Thornton, it may be observed hml tour successive tunes been accredited to great Courts in Kurope and America as an Amba.ssador of 10 thoh.ghest rank and with full powers. He po.ssesHcd. moreover, a most unusual topographical knowledge ot this continent. Sir Francis Hincks had spent nearly half a century in colunial life, and had filled positions of the largest responsibility in the public service of Canada. Then, as to the inference suggested from the Ontario Statute* passed under the provision contained m the Imperial Act. 34 and 35 Vic. chap. 38. which enabled tne Parliament of Canada to increase d.m.ni.sh, or otherwise alter the limits of a Province with the assent of its Legislature it is only necessary to observe that the British North America Act contained no provision for settling questions of boun.iar.es between Provinces, or between a Province and the Dominion ; that, as between Canada and New Brunswick in bs,", I, a special Imperial Act for a like purp...se was .l....mt,d expedient; and tha by the legal ellect of the Imperial Act. 34 an.l 35 Vic, chap. 3M. concurrent Statutes by the 20 Parliainen of the Dominion and the Legislature of Ontario, fixing the true legal boun.larie.s. would be as effectual as if a variation of the legal lK;jndaries ha.1 been intende.l. But would it be c.rrect or prop.-r to r..pu.li»te the Awar.l if th.ne had been .some reason-which there IS not-tor a.ssu.ning or supp..sing that it gave to Ontari., boun.laiies somewhat mons extensive than Its strict legal bo-m-laries ? Whether tu. Awar.l has or has not given accurately the true le-^al b.,un.lane.s, ,t crtainly .Iocs not assign to Ontario as much t..rrit..ry as Cana.lian Governments''of winch His hxcelleneys present Chief A.lvi.ser was either the h.-a.l or a .lisi inguishe.l member, had repeate.1 ly and cnhdently claimed for this section of Cana.la from th., year Ls.17 up to the year 1870. Nor so much as was claim..,l for Upper Cana.la ,.n the loth January. 1857, when a Minute of Council approved by H.s Lxcolleney the Oovernor-Uoneral. was transmitte.l to the Colonial Secvtarv S(. in which It was state.! that " the general feeling here is strongly that the west...n boun.Iary of Cana.la extends to the P.ic.tic Ocean." f Nor s.. much as in an offi..ial paper of the same peri...!, the Commis, sioner of Crown Lands .,f Cana.la claimed for us, when he asserte.l that the westerly boun.Iary of the 1 rovince exteade.l '• as far a-- Ikitish territory n.>t otherwi.se organize.! woul.l carry it. which woul.i be o the 1 acihc , 01-^ if innte.l at all, it wouM be by the first waters of the Mississippi, which a .lue west line from the Lake of the \Vo.i.l.s inter.secte.l, which w.,ul.! be the While Earth Rivrr •'■ an.l when with respect to the northerly b.mn.lary, the Cou.,aissi.,ner pointed out that " the only possible con- c usion is that (.ana.la is either boun.le.l in that .lirection by a few Lsolate.! p.,sts on the shore of Hu.lson s Bay or else that the Company's territory is ... a myth, an.l consequently that Cana.la has no particular lim,t m that .lirecti.m." Nor has .so much b..en awai.K..! t., us as d.ief Justice Draper ^n was in tlie saiue year sent to Englan.l by the Cana.lian aovernmont f..r the very purpose .,f daimin.. or demanding f..r this .secti.m of the Province, as against the Hu,!s.,n's Ray Campany.J Nor so much as that .listing,u,sh.>.! Ju.lg,. daime.l accor.lingly before a Committee of the British !I..use .,f Commons m May an.l June .,f that year. § N.,r ,s.. mu.-h as in a letter from him .late.! 12th June 1857 after ho had elaborately examine.! the .,uestion, he communicate.! the opinion that wo ha.I "a clear ri'dit to'-f Nor so much as the Dominion Ministers, Sir(Jeo.ge E. Cartior am! the II.,„.,urable William M;d)ou..al! .nanortica! letter to Sir Frederick Rogers, Bart, Under-Secretary of State for the Coloni.-s dated 16th January. metween the Dominion and Ontario consequent on the delay which has occurred, a ! 0;. the use maile by the Dominion of the territory acquired by means of the suiH)osed and asserted righta of this Province and otherwise. It seems to my Advisers incredible that the Federal Government can liave had all these considera- .loiNT Api'KNinx. S«. II. TKe Arhitralion, CiiiT<«|H)nil- iMicc and I> the Award, 1882. Ontario I)e«- iiatoh, IS Feb., 1882. ♦U(K)k Arb. l)oc«., p. 824. } Latter to Sir I. llogow, liHh Jiuiuary, 1809, Book Arb. Dooi., p. 324. i lb., pp. aO and 21. § Soo Book Arb. Dooa., p. 407 tt mq. 162 ^^''' art f I ^ '"K-vl >""" -k even at tho expc.so of rcpu.liati,,^ a solemn Awar.l, n.a.lo in ^oo.l faith by ..^.. r^ir:;:;:':"'''"'''^"' ^"" ^-^ ^•^•" ""^'^"-' ^- ^'-'^ "•«- - -'^ ^ '•— «" thi^eontit';;:: E;lrr"'. m!h; " r,'""^ "^ '"■' ^''^"'«'^). ''«''•»>»« arl.itratlonhaH always been a customary n,o.lo of tothaAward. Settling .juostions of th..s very k.n.l between two aov..rnn,t.nt.s. ^ in infoVn r'"f ^ "'"'""■^ ,": '""^"■"'^ "^^ ^'"'""^"* '^" '•^•'"'^ '" '''^tory, ..r so el.-n.entary a principle n mtornafonal or ,nun,c-pal Law, as the settlonu-nt of .lisp„to,l boun-lari,. by reference As riy as En.1 1 ? I 'v r :"t,'"'""'^ ^" ^''^" arbitration bein^ no loss personages than Willi,,,. H of En,.lan. I and Lon.s XIV ot Franco. The c.o.nn.is.ione.. were 'to ex; >„ .^kI .Hen.nne the rkrht^^ ami pretensions winch e.ther of the sai.l kin,, hath to the place. , i in iI„.|son Z" L. ith^ articles agree.l to by the commissioners 'shall 1h, ratifie.l by L »' ,. „, 1 / / ^ ' • ment ot d. puted boundanes between Provinces. In 18W, in o,d..r to adjust a boundary .l.spute wluch u ! preyaded since he Ashburton Treaty, between Oan.da and New Brunswick, Mr ^la.l t ne hen <^u n Sc "^ U ^^''i-^''""':\ --^'^"t-J '^ B'-ndary Commission of the Attorney.dene.n No " teb.. 1882. as l.e best attainable. The .locuments chie.ly invob ed in that ..uestion wm-, as in the ou.strm.w under discussion, tho I'roclamation of 17.i3, the Treaty of Utrecht the Quebec Act of 1 774 a ( ! ,ve n " Commission, and contemporary Mai.s ami Stiff. Pn,i..,.v, ri « ,' .■ . ^/*-"''' "/"*-*' '"•^^"'"rs able to the Pmvin,... • * - ■ i ' '" ^"''"'" "* "'^' <-"'"'"'«8''>n was unfavour- able to the Irovince ot Canada, ami its Kxecutive (.'o„„ci| disputed the •■justice or eouity of the recommendationsof the Impend Commissioner ■■• l,, vi,.«, f *i . n- ■' "'^'^ '"^ "•""■y "i tno thi.v.i^i .1 -i- ■ J"^" ' '^'^""'"•'tari() to ■ )il faith by iiitincnt, or ii further ry tnoiJo of I principle ^H laily as subject of 10 ■im III „{ the rijjhts ;" aiici the w)nc force Canadian be- of Now iird waa ard was grounds fonsible, (jovern- ateuunt 40 LTnnii nt iskliun, 'liainent io. oiglit of iv<. said re any Hjses, aa grants, •Uivy as 50 was from time to time .litlirr Al'l'KMilX. «>•■•. tl. Iratitiii. 'ads, l,ri,l.;e.s,an.l other iiiiproveinonts'and i'n ^"""^^^^^^^^^^^ )eaco and on K , the teirifcdrv 'I'lin 1 ... 1 • ^ ,■ . '•"«<""»>"tii . . ,, ., ' ,"" "'"loi^. iho i.ind IS part of eertain "ui'-e'-nt -l-i in(,ounc.l ..f the Oovernmont of Canada, and of a froatv l'^;;'"'^*''"'- territory has uninfrruptedly K.en Ije , | " „ ' 1 ' "!"' ""'" ^'^''''-''''-'^tion the san.o .nunicipal organisation', part .f tl i ZiL'^- to 0^ U' T"' "'""'" "' ' '"""' ' '^ ''^ '-' '"- ' of the J,on.inion and Province bee c .n^Zd t'o nel^ let'-'a ^ p"' ^\' '"^ '''' '^" '""'"-^ -'"- time boon expended in n.aking surveys, ^nl^in ^Zl ~- "' ■ *^''"^'"?-' . "'«-y '- '^-» tin.e to .,.„.- administering justice, and maintaining peace an.l ord, territory which vva.s the subje, t of an Order in Counc, .r , 10 u;:^, •:;;:r;:;r.'o^;;t;r "^"' '" ':^^:r^-y ^'^- Ha...ay.-e.n.rf- "in creating the Province o .nUri' i i no n "'as -p..tab|y entUied. lb, jnstiy sai-I that to conv ,.y to that I'rovin at' I P""^''''';/'' '=">';-'7 that the Imperial Legislature intended Canada actually enjoy J No ^ it s in . Z" l' ^'''''"''' '"" '"''"'"^^ ^'"'" ^''" ''''« ''-vince of extended to the Heijit .f Und^h I Z. :t^ 7 J" 'f' ^''° '-v~"t of Canada Ur /,„,, and the Great Lakes' . It "id t^-^V ""■■.? .•'''" ""'"'" "^"'"" "' ^'"^ '^^^ '--•«-« the old line of the Height of Lan 1 , " ii; .T""\ "'' "! '"''"" *" ^''" ^^-•"'- "^ <>"tario of the Province of ( »ntLo " •!";'; f^T in ,' • T'^"' "' ''*'" "^ *'"' "^"^''^•^" '"'""'-y to Manitoba their claim to it the ^'l' ',!."' V T " T'''''^ "'"' ''""^'•'"' "-' '" f'u.sferring which the chosen c..unse oVtt i ^T n" " 'r '"^^ Ontario territory 20 told that Government " it is n po^ I "Ir'n / M ^T'''' ''"""^"' "' *''" '''"^^- "-• '-^ draw from this Province • In^t .S h • 1 e \ ! , '"'^'"'' '''"""'"""^ ""' '"'-^ " '^ -'th- ment of ( esc considerations have been ^^K im (•anada^llk-iti.sht;r;^rNn^^^^^^^^^ And if the legal interest "iu the 'rt T •^^^■'^^b; J-long„.g to it (except Newfoundlanre.l the territory to tl is Provh^e h ead o . t . ""^^''' ''"' ^^''""'' '^^ *'"^'« ^^^'^ ^-'- anothe. IVovince. "'" ^™^"«''" •"■•'t«*J "^ -kn.g it over, or endeavouring to make ,t over, to ;"::u::f ;i:x. ':^7::ttr'^' ^ -^-.t immek^:^;r ;:;;:' t;:;:; 40 involve great additional laW ' " ^^ „^" t ^itJira:; a h "T ^"7 ''^ 'T'^''^^ '"''^^ '^"" 1.0 by the Privv Council The , , ' " .^ ' """' """'"'" '"'^ advantage, as the M-ial doeision would evidenceshal b takrueranrr:- "f"^' "',""' ^"'"" ^'^ "-"t contemplate that the A suit, involving Z^Zl^'^JJ: V^" '"""" "' ''^''"" '''"'"'^" '" "'■^''^'^'y -- ment decline consenLrtl ttXIIn. '"'' " '^-'^'"•^-'^^— ^"'^ ^« ^-ised. My Oovern- ^he propasaljor^inviting one of the two Uw Lords named in our do.patch. H«,,.,rt ef H„u„,iary C „„., H„ c.,„„.. C«..«la iH.Q.p. 218 I refix to Doia. Staluia, 1880 «!, p. ix. other i:.4 « !;• Amlmx. ''"''"^;"* Kngli-*!. legal fuiiotidiiftry," to coin.^ to ( 'iirimla ' for tlio [.urpoHP of hoarin^ the eviloneo and ^^^ nii t.lu« .nustion to another rofen-o. .sitting' a!on«. ^•'I'lTTsnd"' ^"'' without appeal, and who, thoii^rli an Knj,'li.-*li judge, vvoul.l lu tlii.i matter Ikj artinj,' as an arhitrator. rCum..!,!, '''''^'" '^ "* I'xtrcMieiy doul.tful if either ot tlie noblemen named would accept the invitation, efpeeinlly in rtewi. '■''!'*' ''^^''•'''■''^ "'■''•''' ^*'^"'^ ^''" I'videnee might occupy ; and if either were willing to accept the m-i. reference, my Advisers are of opinion that the decision of the .piestion by any one Knglish .1 mlge, however exaltt'd, would not "comman.l general assent' to the same extent, or anything like the Hame extent, as the deciMion of three Arbitrators of such eminent ability, and s.) wll knowf. to our people, and standing m. 10 high in (.ublic estimation here, as Sir Kdward Thornton, Sir Francis Him ks, and the late Chief Justice Harrison. It may further be observe.l that no Knglish judge l)as juriwdiction in hi>t own country to a' . ' •lion a '■'■ Din'uii 1 mlMtMii ■- t4>tllllAwitl< Oiitari" I) pt luitc'li, IH K.I.., \ms ISO With reference to your observations on th»! cnlarj,-cniont of the iMuindaricH of Manitoba by the Act of lost sessii.n, this Government have inaHc no complaint of the extension of that Province liy the atlilition to it of iinilisjmtetl t.rritory. On the contrnry, in my despatch of tlie l.'Hli March lust, it wan observeil that "so far as tl>'' territory to be compriHcd within the limits of the Proviniu of Manitolia is clearly and indisputably within the jurisdiction of the Parliament of Canatla, my Uovernment rejoice at the extension of that I'rovinee, as atlbrdin^j a wider seojie for the enerjjies of its people and Oovern- munt, and as yivinj: to a larw numlM^r of settlers in Keewatin and North- West territories the direct ' benefit of Provincial nnd Municipal (Sovernment. Hut while the extension of the Iwundaries in direc- tions as to which there is no dispute is matUr of con^jratulation," the transfer of the disputed territory to that Province was strongly objected to, for reasons there set foith. A hope was expressed, which 10 the result proved to be vain, that, in view of the representations made in the despatch, your Oovcm- ment mijjht " oven yet see tit so to modify the measure Iwfore Piirliamiut as to deprive it of its objec- tionable features, while still conceding all necessary advantages to the Province of Manitolwi, in whoso rapid progress and development this Pn)vinco, as a portion of the Dominion, fuels profound sati.-ifac- tion." The wrong which your Act of last session did, consistc in 1.S74 (you mention the year 1N70, it is preHuiiiee a n.'w liti^'ati»u, and th..u^'h they re>,'ard the provisional arran^jements which you mention a.s entirely insuHicient to justify (;for the sake of such arran-jements) a recommendation to the Ugislature 20 of Ontario tnvit|K>nd. CIICI* HIIll |)lHt||||Cllta to tli« Awitrd IW*'.'. Ontikriii He*. I'atuli, Is Kub., issa. nut I nm adviHod tiiat no provinioiiai arrangemi nt would In; so satisfactory, or so beneticiai to the JO dovcli>pment and settlement of the territory, the maintenance of order, and the due administration of Joint ArritNDrx. Hrc. II. n, A rtitimtum. CIh|- •iK'i' uiirl DiK'iiiniritH •Ulw<>i|lli'llt t"lhfA»uril, liMtt. 158 i.„ua„„ „r .s,™v..i„„ of .h„,„ r,„„, thi, U„,„ fo™.rd i. in .,,e ,,.„J. of y„„r OovZ!;.!; I ..rncllj, commend .11 lh«. c»n,i,lcr.tion, to Ihc tost .llontion of lh» F«d=r.l Qo».rn„,.nl. I have the honour to be, Sir, Your obedient servant. To the Honourable J. A. Mousseau, Secretary of State, Ottawa. J. B. Robinson. 10 !r 30 Mil n from the nal aiijual- ut the cun- nrueot. IN80N. III. 10 ([^aiuidian JJocumcntsi And CoUKESrONDENCK HKTWEKN THE VoWSlM. SWUIKTAKY AND TUK Hl'DS,. :8 BaY CuMPANV, rriof to the Surrender of the. Company's Claims. .loiNT Ai'PieNDix. Sir. HI. f'tnttnlittn l>"fumrnlt, inut t'orrrt- /Minitrrrr — M l Ut wifn thr (\iitmiiil CANADIAN TRKATY WITH THK INDIANS OF LAKE SUPERIOR 18.50 it'T/Xr;' RkI-OUT OF A C.MMITTKK ..K THK EXK«rTlVK CoUNCL (CANADA), AlTRCVKD ..V TIIK GnVKnN„U- 'rrl'rZT' General on the IItu January. 1850, authohizin., NKcioriATK.Ns wiTi. thk Indians. ' ZZ!;:,:^: The Committeo of the Executive Council have hue.lily take moa.siins to a-ljust the el,ii,„., of the Indiana for compensation, on their renouneintj all claims to the occupatiim of tlu- lands in the vicinity of Ut:o.s Huron and Superior, and portions of which have been occupied for mininjj purposes. Tlie Committee of Council having i-eference to the proceedings already taken witli a vi.>w of ad- justing the claims of the I ml ians, and also to a late report on the .Hubjcet" from the (Jommissioner of Crown Lands, which will form the subject of a separate minut... are ivspoctfiilly of opinion, that a sen. 20 not exceeding £100 1h, advnneed to the I mlians to enable them to return ; and the Committee are further of opinion that Mr, Robinson be authorized on the part of the ({..v.-rnment to n. tiute with the several trills for the a.ljustment of their claims to the lands in tl... vieinity of Ukes s'liperior and Huron, or of sucli portions of them as may Imj required for mining purpo.ses. The Committe of Council are further of opinion that Mr. Robinson should bo instructed to com- municate to tlu- imliansthe fact 'ir»<.~Jf»i>ph PeaudcHjhat and his tribe. -The reserve to commence almnt two miles from Fort Williim ^i'ilHad.'. fi- y from tho JUS tliuroin, y of Upper )c paid and i!r tliiiu tlio 1 and Fort {•I'do, j»rant 10 eri'st in tho jdulo hero- r tribes, in r respect ivo Hdiil reser- tho Indiiiu ity and tho mentioned, ver the tor- 20 » tho lialiit ) to tiiuo bo isent of tho r otherwise •Oeiieral «»f raons from (try hereby in wise tlie ined to sell 30 r tl">ir use irti -a inter- Lhe tribe to ttoraliy nnd (led by the he tiuvern- them, then int paid tu '\\.r, or such 40 uumVier of •nt ininibcr any fiituro heir actual d Men. from Fort liarallid to • wiid rivor, V. 50 na„v'!Tf"7!rT '"•''! "'^T"'J ^''"^ ^'"^^ ^'"^ * "*"*'>' ''"'' *''« Honourable Hmlson's Huv Com- pany H Post of Miehipicoten, for Totomenai and trik'. C^Jw1'~^T ""'" T-T °" ^"" ^""'■'■' ""*■• ^^' ^'l''««»' "" »'""» «''^^'« «f '"'iJ "ver. for tho Chief Mmliemuckqua and tribo. Signed, sealed and f tkrl':mipany'$ riaimt. STATEMENT OF LANDS PATKNTKD BY THK PROVINOK OF CANADA. BEFORE OON- FEDEKATION. ON N(JUTH SHORE OF LAKE SUPERIOR, WE^T OF LONGITUDE 88° 50'. Locality. 20 British North American Co., Spar Island and Tract on M Shore Montreal Minij.^j Co., opposite Victoria I,«dand Montreal Mining Co., North- I':u8t Shore Thunder Bay Mont, '"l Mining Co., Pigeon River liOciiticm North of Neebing ain tot No. 1.5, on Thimdor Bay Lot No. 1, on T.'iiuider Bay 30 Block A, cm Currant River. Thumler Bay I.iOt No. 1, North of Neebing Location North of Neebing J^)cations Nos. 1, 2, 3. 4, ■,, C, H, Thunder Bay (Ik.rnek'H Survey) Location No. 7, Tliunder Bay ( Henick's Survey) Locations Nos. I, 2, .M, 4,Tlninder Bav (.Savignv's Survi-y)... Ix)cationH Nos. 8. U, 10, Jl, 12, HJ, fhun.ler Hay (Savignys Survey) LotnS in Towu>'liip of Neebing 40 " " • ....'''^''''.. 21 Pai|H)ong>t Date of Pater It. Area. (Acres.) 0th April, 18.53 6,400 8th September, 18.56 6,400 10th 18.50 6,400 13th 1856 0.400 4th January, 1804 400 • 2iith 1864 200 2Hth 1864 200 3rd N(jvoiuber, 1864 400 11th 1864 400 2!)Hi March, 1865 400 2!)th NovemlK-r, 1805 400 *-'7th February, 1860 200 nth March, 1867 l.i<30 2.'.th April, 1867 171 H»th J.ne, 1807 1,600 2«th Juno, 1867 1,680 Hth July, 1863 4110 4th January, 1864 100 22nd Juno, 1806 100 2nth August, 1866 100 3()th Augunt, 1866 312 3rd Septeml>er, 1866 60 14th Novenibor, 1HU4 173 LaniU i>at«nt«d by C»iiiula, WKiit of tlll> (lUM nnith line, IH&S-IMC. i i(;-2 A^L. STATEMENT OF LANDS PATKNTEU BY THE I'llOVINCR OF CANADA, KlV.-iContimud.) ikKu«.ni, Lotsin Jownsliipof PaipooiiKO 20th DecoiiiU»r. 1866 126 {>""''"'<•• LMlth Aiiiil I««7 106 ;rcw,,,..w •" Town Kot of Fort William 21.th Dm-mber, iml.-. U ikr n,„i,..n', I2tl) Si'j»ti'iiilK;r, 1806 \ firiur I,, III,' Murrrtuieriif Total Iio. of Acres , 35 059 '"— Certified to Ik; correct, T»os. H. Johnson, AHsistant Connnimoner. Thomas Devisk, Deputy Surveyor-Gnieral. Dhpahtment of Cuown Lands, ToKoNTo, Novt-niLer IStJi, 1S76. 10 UCKNSES TO MINE etc.. ON PIClioN RIVER, WEST OF LAKE SUPERIOR, ORANTED BY THE IMlUVlNt'E OF CANADA. Lioomeii gr»nt<'r Canada. LICKNSKTO KXPI.OHK FOU MhrTAl.S. MlNKUALS. KTC. ON THK N.,imiKKU- SHORE OP I.AKE SUPEKIOR n. li X,'lso„. of j,,^,.;,,^, |,„i,, i,,^,^ ,1^:^ ^)„.^.^. j,^^_ ^^^^^^ ^j. t^^^.„, jjy^' ponnds »,y the h,.n.lH of 3/r. fK. //. .An..^. (Lnn. tl.o authorix.,..! chur^n, for tl.is License;, is iH-r-hy per.mtt.Ml to ...xplor.. an.l examine, in am.r.lanco with tho (ieneial Onlcr in Conncii. .latc.l 2lst S«- tcn.btT 8.;J. w,thmth.-.s..ctio„of country sit,.at..i hetwo-n S^.ult S,n„h- Marl, md Pi.jeon Jiivrr on the Shoro o Ukv Su,,rriorau.\ extending Ten mih-.s in a northn'!;, .lir..,tio„. .h,ri„,. a ,..ri...l of six n,onth8.fro«. tho .lat.) hereof, and to mine or quarry for copper ..,.. leu.l, iron, tin. nmrhl- uyi-sun. i"earthHoru.,nerals.uponanyu«lo,.at.vl nn.l uno,.,.„,,i...| |,v,„ls within that section of country, an' 1 not falhn« w.th.n any Indian or Public R.-s.rv.'. an-l to s.-h-ct aiul take pos.s..,ssion of « Trart i-t cxc.r.iintr in extent Four !lun.he.l AcroH, an-l of tho form of forty .hains in front l.y ono ),un,h-..l chain. =n .l.-pth. An.l Kul.jrrt to th.. sai.l li. 11. \rls,m reportit,^ acouratdy his .liscvcry. an.l tho 8eiection he has n.a.Je, to the ( •ounniss.onor of ( 'n.wn Lan-ls, within (!io sai.l ,,..rio.l of six months; an.l --urnishin.r at thoHttme time a Map an.l Ho,:ort thcr.-..f. toj<..th..r with an alll.lavit l.y the l.ic.-ns., h..i.l,.r an.l v.mo other cre.liblo person proving that no counter occupation or workings exist. This [.icen.se to remain in f.,roo for the term of two yeai-s, an.l to entitle tho party name/ therein to purchase the Tract he may select; paying the consi.lerati.m monev in one sum, at th.. rate of .seven Hullings ami six pence p..r acre, within that perio.l. (Jr failing to do .so, he .shall he r-gar.le.l a.s having zO aliantlonc.1 such right to purchase. Until a purchiue Ik- complotcil. the Liccn.se hol.ler shall not convey from tho Location which ho selects, any copper ore. lea.l. iron, tin, marl-l... gypsum, .mrths or minerals, excepting such spe-iniens as may I,.. ,u..-..s.sary for testing the ,,uality an.l valu.. thereof; nor shall he, until a pure' ^se >« completod fell or romovo any timber from tlio loi-ation. UiKin a selection Iming made, the subjoined rertificato of Location will bo fille.l up. JOSEPH CA uciioy, ,, , , ,v ^*""- Cr. Lanils. Crown JjandH Department, Quebec, i'nd Amjiul, iMSfi. 80 No. 9. .I.IIHT ArrK.Miis. Hw. iTF. I'aiuiilinn liofiimrntt, (I mi t 'ttrret' fi'hrrrn thr I 'nltiniitf Steiuliirj/ unit thi HmintiH* priitr lo Ihr mirrrmlrr nf thr 1 \rtnjHtinj't Iiici>ii«'ii tfiiiiit.ll hjr "f till' 0 a.-res, situate.l at Uund,',' li.ty. and on the north shore thereof, the outlines of whi.h, jH-n.ling an actual survey, an- cal.-ulat.-d by the Odic; .\la|.H, as fol- lows, that is to say : Th,' H,mth,a>,l anub' of the Tract hriiuj aUout neven miu'^ north -,;iM,rh, f'ron: the mouth of the Hiciere au. Couranl, in north latlfmle 48" 2!>' 30" and mxt lomjitude 4!»" IG' 40", ,.,. Iia,i- firld'M t'hart of Lake Superior. The Tract hein,, fort;, rhains in i^rpendirJar breadth l>y one' hundred chaiM iu vieun depth, the lateral linen runninjj due north and the rear lines at ri.jht amjlea thereto. 40 Crown Lands nepartmont, Toronto, 30th January, 1856. J USE I'll CAUClHlS. i'tun. Cr I^nds. • ll.M,k " MiniiiK LicmiM," ('r..wn Un.l. U..|«rtmrnt, Toronto, p. 9. Tho wriacn part ..f Ihu Uwnm ia hern vi*Mi in it*nc» : tho rmit ('i>tu|>0M)a the printed form of thu DviNtrlmont. Kli .lolST AiTtcvnu S,v. III. i'iiniii/t• -ii-t-.i ... ti. .e.ti.., . ;: . ::7; : ;ti ''i tt"""' "";*'• '''•" '""•""•>• -" 10 sirnhle to s..„,l wUn.-s.-s ... « l.'u . t ( I 17" ""''' ''"; '''"■^""" "•'"'^''^•'- '^ '->• '"- '«- lAiinniittee. "-'^^ "'^ "'" <-'i'"^"'""' '^'""".u.iity. to bo reprosentd before thi« I have, etc , Governor Sir K. Hoa.l. Burt, etc.. etc. ^^ ^AnoicJiEHE. .f.irVT Ari'KNiiix. ^^.•t•. in. IhtciiiHinl; mill l'i,rrt$- fillllriiir hit Iff I fi ">• '■•ilimiiil Sill III ri/ iind till Hiiilm.n'i It'ifit'iimftttny^ l-nnr III Ihr 'iirriuilir iif Ihi I'nmiuuiy't ctiiims. Corn 111.(111(1. ftict' ami M. • '"'" ''..".".itteo of (n.,elv,..s ...or. or K-s. va;,^,... ^xcuiuiey to to 1 J'ant ^ui";T 7"":' "'"•''"''■ *I" ""^r '^ "" "'•'"""' ^ '^ '^^•'"' '••• '"^-^" «■« e-'-i"-"" to .0 aim ... at l.y s„ch a ( '......nitt...,. |. v.-n aft-r tho Cnnnitt-o shall havo .vporte.l the cour«e lik-lv t:pfl, ^' ••^' '»'^"" '•)• •'-"«"-'" "• h- II- M,i...sty.s (J..vernm..,., can ..„ly U, oonj....u.re^ "^ Z":::l':::,;, " ,^'""/;;" "f • tl«erefo.-e, ox|)..pt to rocoive in.structi,.nH of a v.-ry .loHnif.. ..haraot.T l.i.t Ills Kv... , ir.^',.. ency Fuj. A.il an.l .-..nplH.. o..n«.h.„ce in yo„,- knowU-.lK.. an.i .lis.^tion, a„.I h.M^U;i!'; ll!" . ^. . r.:r""'' ; •; "",';? """;. •••""'' ^■- '"'7;'^'^ >"""• l"-^'- «" ^'^ •"•"•y in Huoh ^ to in.ply ,.„ ..ntire o.stranK..,ne»t — 'roni all till' i.r.lumry ti.H .if l,)cnl or party iM.litics. K i"*."!. <• Innncliatc^y on your arrival in l.)n.lon. you will pl.co yoursdf in comn.unicul i.,„ u iti. tl,,- Ki.ht " ir..n,,ural.loth..SecrHnry.. S,atofortho.-oloni...s ,to whon. theso instn-.tionH have ...... c. .n - .•ute. ). an.l as s.,.,,, as any rarhan...ntary (' „,iM..,. ..» th- s,...j..ot of the lfn.Uo..-H I^y C.nmany or crntory >s c..nHftMt...l, you w.ll .ak.- sfps for ...r.-ring to alfonl all infon..ati„n in y.,.,r p.nv..r'r,.|atin« to the intor.!Mta or claimsof t'ana.la. ' ' ""♦""k •• Von will eonsi.h.r it as part ..f yo..r .Inty to watoh over thone interests hy corrocti»« any erroneouH OH..ri„c ""P'"*^"'"'"^' ■*'"' '•>' '""^""« »"■■«•'"•'' '^"y '^"'V'"-^ "f 'V I";cal or e.,nitable ki,..| which thi^ iTovince may V\^:^T- P"""^'**' «" "^''"""^ of it"* territorial position .,r its past hi.st..ry. ^ "'• '""'' .1 .fini. '.7.. f "h '""? Ir ^■""'T '': '"'''"'""' ^'^ '"""•'"''" "">' ""^'"t"Uion or to a.sH..nt to any I fin.t,. plan of s,.tt enu-nt a f..etn.. ( auaiia, without rep.,rtin. the particM.la.H of the san.e. an.l your ow^ 20 views thereon, to llis Kxctllcncy in ( •ouncil. ' ■■ His Excellency ha.s lull an.l complete cnthlence in the j„stic.. an.l consi.I.Mation of If..- MaL-sty's Oovermnent an. he ..s Hun- that the interests an.l f....iinys of Cana.la will be consulted, so fa as is consistent with right ami justice. " The people of Canatla ilesirc nothing more. "His Kxcelh-ncy f.vls it pa.tieularly necessary that th. importan. f secnrinj; the north-west torn ory aKanisttl... su.l.l.-n an.l unnuthorixe.l inllux of innnignltion fron. tl„. .' .h.Tsta . lie shoul.1 U strongly presse.1 Ha fears that the continue.l vaean^ of this gr..at tra.-t th a n, y not n.ark...l on th- k.,.1 „.elf n.ay l..a,l to future l..sw an.l injury, both to K„gl«,„, ,„,, («„„, J 'Z wishes you t.. urge th.- expe.luucy of marking out tl... limits, an.l so prote.ting the fro„ti..r of the Un.ls 30 above Lake .Superior, about the Rd Riv..r. an.l tb-uee to '■ Paeitie. as etfctuaily to see, /tt i a^aiiis v,.,l^ s....nre or irregular settlement, until the a.l. •. ; . ti.le of emigrant, f^om Cana.la ami Z r;:.:;! t^ "'^'^' '^"^ ""^^ ""' '■ • *-"' '^-"^ ^ ^•-' - -^-- «^ ^"^ ^-» - '^"a. of •' With these objects in view, it is especially important thai Uer .Nfa.jestys Government shouM.n.ard any renewal of a Ii-.-nse of „eeupati..n ,sl ,., such be .l..termin...l on), or any recognition f r X n he (ompany, .y such st.p.latmns as will .ause su..l. Ii..e,.se or such rights not to interfere with the fair ami legitunute occupati.m ..f tracts adapte.l for sotthnieiit " It is unnecessary of ,>o„rs... to urge in any way the future importance of Vancouver's islan.l as the key to a British North Am..riea, ... the side of the I.n..itic. sitm'...l as it is l.twe" x 110 40 seaboar.1 ol Russian Ain..n..a an-l the vast territory in the hands of tlu- IJnite-l States. '^^"•'"^° •*» •• His Kxcdlency cannot foresee the course which a Committee of the Mouse of Commons may s..e fit to pursue in the propose.! en.piiry, or .letermine befon-han-I .,n what point., evi.lenc may b" re.^l .„n. • ^!' "";.""""."/' ^7T' "'■' ''''^'■'"""""y ^"' '"■ "'a-ly to atten.l to y„„r suggestions and supply such .nlormation eith.-r by .l.K.um..,.tary evi.len...., or by witnesses from Canada, as you think "ecesay and he may be able to .send over. ^ "omv neces.sary. •■ You will, of course, act upon such instructions as you may f:..m time to tin... r. ...ive. Cellitieil. Wm. M. Lkk. C.K.C. I r # !(i tiui HuUM4i tcelluiicy to Dur«e Itkt^tly Ilii K\p|(k, Timo.NTfi, 20th February. Ksr.7. SlH_T .v.n t . .^— u»ry. ,a.,/. y,^„„,-, '";'''""'» ''""<»"• ''.V command .,f His Kxcillpncv the (J„v«w,„.. II „ i. <>n.ii\.rr,^. r n.n t<. pron.iso. howev.T, that n.s it is i,„,.,„siM, t..„,.fi..i , .. . . . '.«';;:,:;;/*'„/ f the evideiK!o that maj '*'' '/""li/ rdtihts. r n,n t<. proniiso. howevvr, that n.s it is i.„,.,„siM, to anticipate tho ..at, bo tiik..n, or tho c.m.iuNi,.., that .av !..■ artiv .,1 ^t i ♦!. n . 10 or iler Majesty '« tJovernment ,«av th nk ' ■ ^"".""'"'■"' "^ ' ' '•""•'"' ^'hi^'*' ParlianiHit Hi. Kxcll., lev's p .w. r t n ^to t .\r ''" I' " '•" "" '''^' "'"""^ "' "'" ^-'""""'"-•' '^ ^'^ ""^ '" His Kx.vllc.iu.v his ,ou .U. ^ r '"•'•'"■' ""T "'^^'•"•^^^'""'' »f " l"--i«e or d.dinite eharacter. readily ^.trus^J ui h «. tL^^';^^^ ^"•"- V"'"'"'"" T' ''''''''"' '""' '"' '^ "- ■"'- ^- "•" " the crdina.; in^ .rr;ii:;::;":i;;L;:r ''^'' ""'^'■'" '- ^"^ ^"'-"^ -■ - Ho.. ■..l.l.tl«S>..cr.,..,y„l ■^st.l„ r r ... (• I . TV°'"r" '" """"'""icMi.... with tlio Riul,, ,., lou II) J our power relating to a> February, " 1S67. . . , " —'J ^"""""vf" "II iiie Hiiiiicet o ory i.sc..nstitut.,|,you will take .stepH for oflering to ulFord all i the int.i-fsts or claims of Canada. !.K.C. .l.-on«ly p~..l. ■'"•'""■""'■"1 ".U." ..f m„„,B„l,„„ ,„„, „,. i,„u,.j s,.W ,1*. ,l,„„|d U ^::;r:^:;::;:;:;,r:;:;::j;:-;"'r'''^'-^T'"''--^ MICROCOPY RESOLUTION TEST CHART (ANSI and ISO TEST CHART No 2) A -APPLIED IIVMGE '653 [asl Mom Stitel Rochester, New York 14609 USA (716) «82 - 0300 - Phone ('16) 288 - 5989 - ro« •'i ;i ! 168 Joint AlTKN'mX. Sec. HI. Canntliitii Jiopnmfnt.t^ ai)(t Corrtn- jmmlnicc lirtwren the CoUminl Sfcriltirii mid l/ii Hiiit.<„ii\i Jtinjf'oiufiiitn/f prior til ,lii ' tt' rrniilrr iif thi'('oiii])iiiii/'n elu iiiin. however, Tlis ExcoUcncy will be ready to attend to your suggestions, and supply such information, oitliei' l)y docunu-utiuy evidt iici;, cr by witnesses from Canada, as you may tiiink necessary, and he may be able to send over. You will, of course, act upon such further instructions in the premises as His Excellency may from time to time cause to l>cie„Km.en( upon to e^ercise^e iirr^st":;,:: u^i^:::--' ''' -'' " -- '- ^^^ -'^' whether or noi i va . , e't o tl" ;'"l'"^'"^^'7, '^ ^r^^''" "' ''^' ^'^^"^'^^ "^ ''^ C'""'^-"' ""^ sea of theBav 1 t n hn H ^''. '^'"to'yeally affected by it, it would also atlVct the open compa • d with z 1:::^x:^::^:;:tz:[:^z z^rr ^^-^ ^^ '- --- — > Operations of the Company on Canadian territories. The second point to bo taken into considpi-itinn .,n i ,..i ; i ■ c add,t,„„»l reason ,vl,v ll,e Oovcmmant »lio„IJ „a lo„acr „„„it Hr. ,,rc ™ , 1, r . .' . ij n„.t b. a,ijc.i ti,.t ,■„,„„„.. ,,„.e bc,n «„i„i„,, ,,,.^,„,'::;';:;t :;,x: : : „ ;':t: irs «..„„tr.,., l„ 11,0 >vi,,l„» of 11,0 pe„|,l, «» it 1„„ ,„o„ ,-,„,;,.„,„, ,vitl,o r* 7™ ioi ' ' 1 "T'T Joint Api'kndix. Sec. III. Canadian Ducamiiittf. and CWrrca- /totuUnce liitween the Colonial Sirrt'tari/ and the Hudson n Hail Comjytny, prior to the Kumndvr of thiCompam/a claijiis. Mi)moran(ium of the Com- uiidtfiuuer of Crown Ijiimlrt, CuuiKja,1857. 170 i II"! :f ■ i 1 Joint AppKrDix. Sec. III. Canailian iJocHvirnts, and dnrrca- poiulence between districts of the country, and whicli wonld at the .same time throw open to emigration, agriculture and commerce a far larger area, with at least an equal average mildness of climate, ami siisecptible of moio rapid development (a known characteristic of prairie countriesj than all other parts of the Province heretofore rendered available for settlement. The question of the renewal of the lieenso of exclusive trade for the Indian Territories does not, of the Voioniai course, affect the country above referred to, any more than it does the lands, whatever they be — for they the f{udii>n'.i have uever been deKued upon authority — which the original Charter of the Hud.son's Bay Company prfu'r^oTh""' ""^y- "po" investigation, be construed to cover. iurrctidcr of /\ • in i r f m • theCompany't Operations of the Company on fhe Indinn j errdories. The third point is, for the moment, of less importance than the last, though within the period of lU another such lease as the Act I and 2 Geo. IV., cap. (30, authorizes, it would be impossilile to calculate the immense inHuence it must have upon the future of this country, and the British institutions which have taken root so deeply and thrive so nobly cm its soil. The present operations of the Hudstm'-f Bay Company in these "Indian Territories " are conducted on the same principle precisely as within the boundaries of Canada, the jurisdiction tiiey exercise having heretofore had the excuse of necessity, if not the sanction of law ; and so far as it can be shown to have been exercised to the biuiefit of tliose countries the Com|>any might fairly claim indemnity for the conse(piences, should that l)ecome necessary, and there is no reason to doubt either the generosity or the justice of the Legislat- .e, if called upon to ratify such a measure. Memorandum It now becomcs neccssary, under the fourth head, to treat the qu(?stions of bonndar}' arising out of 20 miaaioner™! the three foregoing; and these questions have, heretofore, been so little understood, tliat it v/ill be c'°^ad'^i857' "^^cessary to enter info the subject at some length. The difficulty of describing definite boundaiies in countries which at the time were but very imper- fectly or partially known, has always been a matter of serious embarrassment. In the present instance however, the difficulties can only be in matters of detail, and it may be safely assumed thut tliey will !'.;■ stiU further lessened by the fact, that wherever uneerta'nty can be supposed to prevail in any point of real importance, it can only be between the Province of Canada on the one hand, and the " Indian Territories" on the other (not between Canada and the Territories oi the Iluilsnii's Bay Company, unless at a point of comparatively little conse(iuence) ; and it would be ditficnlt to conceive that it could be adverse to the interests of the Crown or the conununity, if the principal question of boundary were sunk 30 altogether, and the whole of the " Indian Territories " incorporated with this Province. Boundary of the Company's Territories wider Charter of 1670. In the first place, then, with resjjcct to the Territory att'ected by the Charter of the Hudson's Bay Company, it may be admitted that it would not only be difficult but absolutely impossible to define it ; it is therefore fortunate that its limited extent renders the (juestion of little importance further than that it becomes neces.sary to consider and rebut the very large pretensions of the Company. The extent of the territory attected by the Charter is subject to two distinct conditions : First — It is confined to all such territory as was then the property of the donor. Second — It is confined to all such unknown territories as by the discoveries of the Coi-ipany, his subjects, might become his property. 40 These distinctions, though not directly expressed, are nevertheless conditions resulting *from the circumstances, and necesisary to a proper understanding of the case. With respect to the first, viz., the territory which was the property of the donor, it is nece.ssarily limited by usage and by common sense to what was known or discovered, for the unknown and undis- covered could not be his property, and ndght never become his property, that being dependent upon circumstances then in the future ; it is further limited by specific condition, expressed in the Charter itself, to such portions of what was then known as did not belong to any oilier Christian Prince or State, which condition, it mu-ifc lirt admitted, wns an acknowie Igrne.iib on the |Ki,rt, of tht; donor that some part of the territory he was describing was not his, and of doubt as to what did or did not belong to him. 4( 60 171 W,U. respect to the extent of territory that rnUM have been affected by the second condition ab,ve ..ated (that is as ro,,^anls exch,.sive tra.ie, the graat ol' soil l.ein,^ less extensive an.l more ambig- uous), t has no p.rt.oular linut, for it embraces all countries which could be reached either by " water or ..-aul throuid. iludson s Straits, and to limit or exteml it merely to the sources of rivers discharging • .to Hudson s Bay would bo a constru.'tiou which the Charter will in no sense admit of. But while it exten Is to all unknown countries or inti.lel nations, which the Company could reach through Hudson's btraits or Bay, ,t , : at the sa.no time inforentinlly an.l nere.sarily restricte.i from extending to any of W TT '*';;? ''•''''' '"'"'" ^" "■'' '"''^"'"••^^'' '^"'^ possessed.!^ the subjects-of any other Christian 10 T'""" . • ,, " " ""^' '"'''"'• ^■•^l"''-'^*"' in t'le Charter in relation to undiscovered territories bu it,.en.phat>ealiy soasreganlsthethen state of the rights and possessions ol' Christian Powers! VMiile the iv.ng, tlurefore, is so careful, at least in the wording of the document, not to infrincre u^on the rights ot others already acquired, it can scarcely be supposed that he meant to infringe upon ''he rights .f others toaaiuir. svha then belonged to non... The inference is altogether against the suppo- saion that king Char les meant by his Charter to deny the, right of any other civilized nation to make lu ther discoveries and appropriate the countries .liscovered, and even if he had so intended it. he had not the power to alter the law of nations in this respect. Besides, the Charter is expressly one of dis- covery as well as tra^le, etc. ; the advantages granted to the 'adventurers" are inehlental and subordi- nate to that greater object, but there coul.l be no discovery on their part wherever they were preceded by prior discovery an.l possession on the part of the subjects ol any other Christian Prince. The right of 20 discove -y is and was so well establishe.l. and wherever considered of any importance, hn.s been so jeal- ously watched thatjolumes of diplomatic controversy have been written on single cases of dispute, and the King ot (,reat Br.ta.n could not by his Charter annul the recognized law of nations, or limit in any degree the right of other States to discover and possess countries then unknown. It may even be con- sidered extravagant to atiirm that he could convoy a right of property to territories not the,i, but which iinght afterwards becovie h\^ or his successors, by the prior di.scoverv and possession of the Company themselves, his subjects : were it necessary to dwell „p.,n this point, it couhl ea,sily be shown that most of the terr tones now claimed Pnder the Charter which were not dis<:overed at that da^e, the Company were not afterwards the Hrst nor wore any other British subjects the first discoverers of ; that, in fact except the Coppenuine River, the Con.pany never discovered anything or penetrated beyond the Coasts SO and Confine,^ ot the Bay (to which perhaps they at that time justly cmsidered their rights restricted) tor upwar.ls of a hundred years after the date of :heir Charter, and that when they did so penetrate, the only d>scc>rery they made was that the whole country in the interior had been long in the peaceful possession of the subjects of another Christian Prince. Joint Appendix. Sec. III. Canadian Documeni», arul Corren- jumdcnee bf'twfcn thr dolonial Secretary and the IfudiK'n's JIki/ Company, prior to the aurmidcr of tht Company'! claims. Memorandum of the Com- missioner of Crown Land«, Canada, 1857. But the position as regard discovery after the date of the Charter, it is unnecessary to dwell upon particularly as an adverse title can be ,,roved prior to the date of the Charter, and that too sanctioned by treaty. 40 The early discovery and occupation of the country in and about Hudson's Bay are. as in many other cases shrouded in a good deal of obscurity. The Briti.sh claim as the first discoverers of the xn r^07 Tf- P*""! ^"'^^ '^'"'"''' ''' *''" P"""'""' «*■ J"^^" ^"'1 Sebastian Cabot, about the year 40 1407 ; bnt It ,s contended on the otlier hand that their discoveries did not extend to the north of New- foundland, whidi still retains the name they gave it, and which they supposed to form part of the main land. It IS satrf, indeed, that the Cabots penetrated to a very iiigh latitude far to the north of the Straits now bearing the name of Hudson ; but it mu.st be remarked that there appear to be no authen- tic records of the two voyages of the Cabots, their journals or observations. There appears to be only hearsay evidence of what they did, or where they went, told afterwards at second-hand to third parties The voyages of the Cabots, therefore, although they are matters of history, not admitting of any rea- sonable doubt, in a general way, as to their having reached the coast of America, lose much of their force as the bases of specific territorial claims, from the want of any record of their proceediuL Did 60 ion ^el'' " "' "'"" ' ''^'"* -b--'ations did they make ? Did they take formal posses- 17i JdlNl' Al'I'h.NillX. IJ i' w ■ <( h™. hi. i'an'ttiuin Jl'^rmiiinl.', fiH'l f 'uri'm- ixiiitlt nt'f bilinin llu C.lunial SirrtUifji iiml 'PI. 11 S.' 'I'll.' Fiviirh ciaiiii Uiniii;,'li li^lirnncn ol I'.rittnny, wlin r.sbihli.slied lislicrics .m tlie coiist as early us l.-)04, 1111(1 tlir(.ii;,'li I- .lap piiMlslie,! i,v J, an IVny, <.f ih.i,n..ur, in l.'Ofi. The inap would l.o valual.lo if any u-ithfiitif copy of it l.o extant. 'I'lieiv dns n<.t ajipcir to l)o any siicli riTonl of ihc oporation.s of 0!,'iltiy, the Ilreton (i.sli.Tinen a.s would ti.\ jirccis^ly tin; .spot wlicrci their trade was carrieil on, Len.lun, 1671. thoii-li a l!riti>li neoi,'iap]iieul uork, piiMisJied in 1 ti7i , witli a iiia|p atlaeliod, fixe.s it at Iludson'.s Straits, naniin- the country after them, on the .south .side of the Strait.s and within tlie Bay. ih, iiuihuu., '''"' "*-^t naviirator thron-h whom tlie Ki-ench claim i.s maintained is John Vetezzani, who visited the 'prU.rZT"' ^°""^'^' ''•^' "•■'''■'■ '" '''''i"'''^ ^'"' I''''^^' "^' ■•'•"'".■, in l.V2:;-4. This is the first voyaj^'e, in holialf of either 'tZ'r"'"',"': ''''^'"" "" ''^"-'''^"•'' "'' ^^''''1' ''">■ autiientic and eireum- tantial record exists, a.s written by the navigator ••'"'"'■'■ liiniselt, who uciive the country the name of New France. In l.-j.'U Jaccpies Cartier'a di.scovories com- 10 menced, and these are so will known that it is unnecessary to say more of them. Thus, then, it appears that the Cahuts' voyaijns, nnsustained l,y aiiy authentic record, afTordinrr no means of basinr. This was nineteen years after Jacques Cartier's Hr.st voyage, and was followed by various other attempts at Hiiding a north-west pas- sage, all apparently directed to the north of Hudson's Straits until KJK), the period of Hudson's voyage in which he perished after wintering in the Bay which bears his name ; but by this time it must be 30 ob.'^erved that (,'anada was colonized by the French. In ir)40 De Roberval was made Viceroy of Canada, the description of which, as given in his com- mission, included Hudson's Bay, though not then of cour.se known by that name. L'Escarbot gives a full description of Canada at the period of De La Roche's appointment in 1598 as follows : — " Ainsi notre Nouvelle France a pour Hmites du cote d'ouest les terres jusqu' a la nior dite Paci- fique au de^a du tropique du cancer : au midi les iles de la mer Atlanti.pie du coti' de Cuba et I'lle Espagnole ; au levant la mer du nord, (jui liaigne la Nouvelle France ; et au Septentrion cette terre que est ditc inconnue, vers la mer glacee ju.s(|u' au Pole Arctique."* Notwithstanding failures and difficulties, France continued the effort to colonize Canada, and in lo'.tS De La Roche was appointed Governor of the whole of Canada as above described ; in 160'. or 1604 40 the first exclusive Charter wai granted for the fur trade of Canada up to the 54" of north latitude ; in 1608 Champlain founded the City of Quebec; and iu Kli:! he accompanied his Indian allies, to the number of between two and three thousand, up the Ottawa and by Lake NipLssing and the French River, to war with a hostile nation at the .Sault Wte. Marie. It mast now be observed that the great incentive to the colonization of Canada was the enormous profits of the fur trade, without whiclfit is scarcely likely that su^h persevering efforts would have been made for that purpose while so many countries with more genial climates remained in a manner unapjiropriated. * Tliuiftor... New Franco lias f,.r liouadaiics on the ^^■e^t the Pi^dti^ Oc^m wilMn^th^ T^^ipic (if Cancer ; on the .Mnith the Islands of the Allantie towarrl. niihii !in.l !!i-;.au..lia : on the r;isf, tlir Xn,-!),, rn Soa, wliieh washes its ..horea, embracing on the north the lands called Unknown, towards the Frozen Sea, up to the Arctic "olo. Ij early us Viilimlili) rations of irri('(| on, ixfs it at tlio Hay. sited tiie of oitlier ravii,'iitqr :ie.s Com- 10 irding no li, Cormal lomiiiion, undlard, •est 8 " (to I tlio dis- lisoovery question It of sot- 2n estlon as ray) was view ; it •d to tlio ars aftor k'ost pas- < voyage, must be 30 lii.s corn- ill 1598 ite Paci- 1 et I'llo -te terre :, and in or 1G04 40 ■udo ; in s, to the French 10 great ich it is io many tlie south lubracing 173 Kn.n':o::rsr l:;;;;;;;::'' ;' ': ,f ^"'-^^7^. - ,;: Hrst i„.,.o.tant ....st estaMiswd ,,. ti. ,„„.. N.u.ls. I Ins v., II „„t 1.0 ,|..,.,„,.,1 t .vaonlinary when it is ..onsid.Mvd tliat tli- «-•"'• .U<:™"'' he Sagi.nay Kiv.r a.Iord.d the l.s, means of access into.^^ntorior, and .as the I.est inland^ roui^'^n lZ!Z., tact IS th- ln.^t eanoe route yet, to tlie (Ir.at [!a\ no autlientie record o^' any of the French liavii nov hearing the ii:une ol Hudson. The , , , . le IS indeed ,„„„/,, J " ,,,.,,;,„| 1,,,, „.i •. • ' . , "T ■■■•■v...,^ made an overJan I |ournvy to the l!av at ,so earlv a '"'""■" V ,»;: , ';,;;•;::: "' T,r """. """■■ "" "■ «■■" ■""'"" '»"•'"■ "» ^ •! "i-^^"-^ -•^ci^^,:,lv„i;,; ::;'■'■ '"■>'.;":"''f»"""i "ill, .1,,. i,.„,„.i,„ i„ that i„„my tx:z:. Canada had been first vis.te.l hy the actual po.sscssors of the region , ' ^wn ^vere never dreamt of being followed up by way of .,ceui.ition the tindin.rorl , t ^I'"™-'^"'^™ liavinrr been fh.Mv c^l„ ->K-^ I i. •• "^ , "' '°"' '^"'' ""'''"y "* ^ iiortli-wcst pas.sagB of th» Com- i nig hu n the r .sole object ; but waiving even thi.s point, it will be found that the ri<.lits of France r''"ri .ere made good by international treaty long l,efor,. the Cliarter of Charles the Second w^a.s granted ^^^^ Govenior''ll " T !'"" /^'^^™'''"''' ''"'^''"Pt'""' "-' ^hose contained in the commis.sions of the et lemont,s o, her own in which she was successful at a period somewhat later than the F lench 'tL fact i.s each wa.s trying to grasp more than they could take actual ,,o.ssessioii of ; and if mere c icovery o parts of a continen without actual possession or settlement were ma,l. the basis of permanenrrllh L^ ne ther ol the conten.lnig parties would perhaps have had any right at all. Graduallv the s"Ite ^f t 'e actuapos.sess.ons of the two Powers settled down into a sort of intelligible shape, thou d wH .ou any very d.s inet .>oundaries, the most northerly of the English po.ssessions being klown as^New e" anj anda« the country to the north thereof being known as New France, or Canada, wherrU.eS Still, had I ngland colonized ludsons Hay at that period and been successful in keei.in. actual p^session 01 it, she would just have had the .ame right to do ,so that she had to colonize .N w £n d nc Ihat I ng and persevered with extraordinary energy in trying to find a north-west passage the; can be no oubt. nor does it appear that France, though publicly claiming the couiitrv, made aiw o i bu ne ther country made the most .listant attempt at .settlement or actual occupation of those remote and inhospitable regions at that period. remote P „^°^^/f/"f'»7^'-^P°ft'0'i^^'''^« made into Fludson's Bay, in search of a north-west passac^e by Baffin and Bylot. In 1627 the Quebec Fur Company was forme" ever nn adverse clann had been prefV.-red, it was considered to 1 ave been abrogated by the Treaty In l.iSO the first exclusively eonuner .ial sea voyage was n.ade into Mudsons liay bv Jean (iourdon who ft.und the tra.le .n furs so profitable that others inuned.ately foUowe.l. Tl(e Mrs ti i „ " estabhslnne. was made there ,n Um by La Couture, who went ovei-land bv direction of I)' v ' f Governor of (anada, who ha. been twiee solicited by deputations of Indians from the Hav t ^ nd then, .n.ss.onar.es; and now the French b.-ing fully established in the tra.le, and in the o L t on o ,0 the country, both by sea and land, of the coast and of the interior, the English " A is^.t" e V ' irs appear upon the scene, tn a bus.ness way, under the countenance of two Canadians. De Grrd er ad Rad.sson. who, hav.ng been already engaged in the trade of the Bay. an.l having ailed in , cuH f certan. pr.vi eges they .les,red from their own Govenunent, went to England and in lu d o " Enghshmen to jo.n then, m a trndn.g voyage in 1CG8, which was so successful that, as alrea y st te"l : resulted n. the fonnat.on of a Company, and the grant in l(i7.) of one of those ext aor.b r CI e t w.ch were so n.uch .n vogue m those days that the whole of the Continent of America, no th f te Gulf of Mexico, known and unknown, may be said to have been covered by them and some of it llSlfing.'^ ^'"'"''"' ^"'"^'"°" ''''''''''''' °^ ''''-' '''' ^- ''- --^ vagu;.:uldT,aMto 40 This was the origin of the Hudson's Bay Company, and they immea..t iy commenced to bull 1 forts and estabhsh themselves in the trade, but no sooner was this'known in I rlnc Z o ie s J ' given to expe them Acccu-dingly a desultory warfare was kept up for a number of years bet cent, Canadian traders and he Con.pany, in which U.e latter were nearly expelled, but a^ainecoved hemselves and strengthened their position, when it became necessary to take more effective mels for tlir expulsion. roops were accordingly despatched from Quebec overland for that purpo e unde U.e Chevaher de Iroyes, who commenced his work very effectually by taking the principal Forts of il e Company. It must be observed that this was in 1686, in time of peace between Great Britain and Fiance, and yet these proceedings were not made a cause of war, which in itself would strongly imply an admitted right on the part of France to extirpate the Company as trespassers upon her tenftor^^ ./JO War having afterwards broken out, the Forts on Hudson's Bay were successivelv taken nnH retaken til! the Peace of Ryswick. in 1697, put a stop to hostilities, at 'which tre rBdtLh app:' iTorNT Al'PKNIIIX. shc. hi. ('iiniidiiin ami I'nrrcf jxinilfnce fit tin in thr Cnlnninl Sirrihirii nnj Ihr llii,!.-,,,,,', Ilii:ii;,iiii„i,iy, lini,r l:i thr »ntriiidtr i,f thri'imifiany^a cla imf. Mi'iiiciraiKlmn (if tl]i' I'nin- inin»ii)iir'r of ('r(j\vnL,iii(l9, Canada, IS.")?. 176 il •lolNT AlTKMlIX. H.C. in. Ihintmfnln, (tin! Corrci' fi'imti Wf '" tivtrn t/ii t'li/iinial «on. 'rt'!^^''rf "'"'^''' ''r^i '!'^ i""' '''■'""° "•''■" -^P-^ively to deliver up to ..ach .tlu. A.//r„„.,«„^, ; " ^'""''' ' '"■>- '"'il'l -•'"•'•ely be a stronger acki.owlo.ljrn.ont of tl.o riKJ.t ..f Franco to ..xru-l tl.o irr^i, ^;'»r->3' as tr,.H,.asso.. u,,on iKT soil, for it is i-npossible" to cou.truo tl^ TroaU 1 ^ " ,^ '*.*■„,„/;«„;•, otiiorwKsc than as a juhtilicalioii of the act uus p,,! tiMiiai claima. Moreover, eon.n.issioners were to l,e appointe,! in pursuance of the Treaty to dctennine the rh^hts 10 ^ ';;■ vm':;:;!: ' ^'^''^'- /"f - '-> ^^ tl. places m nuJso„'s Bay. Ha.r, i .„ i .• , '"■'^tanct, tne Britain a,„l the Unit.l SaU.. .v„id, wa» fi„ail, . a.^,! X , " ftX^fC;; "'""" ^T, b, ,.,„,, A.„„„.t„„ ; „„„ ,„ai„, „,.. ,,i„i.„ti., a..i»i„J„„t of t,,/»l a.?C:i": S:. I™ ,' t wick""'' "'°"'™'°"" ""^•^■""""^ "' ™» '» ««"l". b«t»..„ tl,c l.,„vi„c„» „f (■„,„|a Lj N," B„,i 1 ! 2( 30 40 50 pi w 1 ljurostiil)lish. to caeli otlicr illy inoviik'il ;,' tlio puiico ^fiviiii up to to tixin'l tliu i.s ])iir(.iciil;ir L- tlic ligiltM 10 smIoiuts ovtT lavu set tho OIR'IS lllU.st, mi (jilt liiivc Hi'ituiii hiKJ :cs slio took ill' <(j1 lowing -lin Frtiieii, 10 war, slnill Ionized iiiid 20 L-ly, hut it ry wliL'tluT iculai', tJDvt us of wliich ■i ri'iujiinc'il Ito.'iM'.s.sion latrv.T tlie viilcd tliey .'JO iice.s lake!) I tlu'rulbro ny (luring t was ono ven u[) to jainst the in without 4,() ippuinted, ee, but it minissions taiice, the iun Great concluded md wiiii'Ii w iirun.s- { 177 to it. The general interpretation adopted l,v , i';ii"'^^^V"" '"■'■••'^■■'^""' "•-• '""""'■"!•- "-i^'-'.-l better known Iron, that time up to tl e hnal T -''''''''''■"' "' "'"' '-•"""t''y J,"aduallv heean.o M.h land, .eparating the wu.erA, t „ '. Hi l"; ^T^' "" '^'^ '"; '"""""^'^' """ "'""^ ^''^ "-"i-ns liay to ,he s„unes of the Nipi- Jn R , ' '^'r'''"'"r *'""' "'"^" """' ''i-l""!,'-! into -".o of higl, l.nds dividing the w,a X 'i ' ''7;"7''""^/''^ ""•''""•'>• 'iivision of the san.a Winnipeg, and crosHingtlu.NV.Uo,rIt^'^ " ';"'^""' ""•^■' ^' ' ""-' "'-i"^' "'to Lake '"•f"-" the said l.ak,rand Hav el, '' '^""""^ "" '^"•"■''"" '^'^■-•' '^'""'t nddway 10 iiive, ete, no westerly hou d uC Z ? '' "'° ""f,"!' ^'' ''>' "'^ ^ ^ "^ ti.e , 'hurehiU whether the ter.ns in whiel, iluds ' ]; " ' "?""", T'" '' ""^>' ''"'-"' '^ ''"''' ''-''"••"' the Hay and its innnediate envin, ," J ^ :'::;''''' !'''"''''^' ''^ ''""■'' "•''^^•'' '" ■"-" '""- than fual aceeptadon of ir ,.,ve to K?., 1'. u? . ''■^^'""^^" '"t-P'-tHtion ,.f ,he Treaty, the ac- tor she ron.ained in undi;:er:;;:Z!;;^n 7';' V'''' ''"''^^ other hand the acceptation of it on tl, r f 'r a ;'' " '""'T . ' ' '"'"'■•^ '" ' "'^^ ' ^^''"^' »" tho confined her at least to the north h • 1 i ^f , '' "''-p" ""'"'i '>' ^'"' -^ ^^^ "'' --lotion, which her actual possession never exten. le.L ' '"" ''^ "'" ^"■'•^' ■^'"'■^' "'" ^''" ^'^>^> "^Wond 20 Treat,, of llyswick gav^^ tiu.:'., t ^ t "Z. 1 T "1 f"'^ '^^ ''" '' '■'"^^>' °^ *'>'^-'"'^ -"' the Charles the Second Ly have .. nt d hat w T ^7" T^"" ^ '"' '''"'^'■^"- '^''^••''■"•'' f''"'" l^i"',' -inired a n.-w t^har.e to ha^ , t h t F . ' 'H '"^^ '" ^""^ '" '"""• '"'^ '^ -""'' '-« wards. iNN>.lo,d,ttheTn.a(vof iC 1 H " ' "' '" "^'""^ Untain forty-three years after- it conferred n..territori 4t ' j'^ t^:?'''''- " ''r''1 "'"'" ''' ^''"-"-'>'' '''■" '^">-^h «ihlo to liritish suhjoets l,v ^ny oC o e u\ "T 'V"f '•-' '>" «-at Britain was then inacc^,- over anything) the C.n.puu C W ^ aV "'■"' '" ^ "^'' •^"'^'^■^ "'" ""''^""' '-'■ -''iW. (if wronglully. thiy have J::^:/':Z>::Z. '^ ^""'"'' '"' '^^°'' ^^'"^'>' ^^''^^^-- ''oi'tfuUy I year^^'rx;:::;;::;^^:^;;;;::^'^ 30F.'iod the Hudson's Bay ,'1 . „ r? "''7" ''^V'" '''""^>- "^ ''"'^ '" '''=^'- >--^ thi^ ...ade no atten.pt to pen^trat X ' "" ' "T^^ "' "'" ''^^'^ ""■' '^'^ ""'^. '-ving construed the Treaty of IJ t ' s ' , , 7 T''' l'"'!."'"^' ^''" ''''''''*' lf'>:rV''"-rs o/the thn^ on the other hand the French 1 e,;;'" TTm ^""^""^^■' '"'^ "•'"" ^'■""^^ '"■■'^-" ■ -^ile cording to the British auth ti e^ : ^^ ^'f^^'^f ^^r ^r?" "'r'' ^"" """^''^^^ ^" ^'^^ (- Lake Winnipeg, an.l rcnaiM..! in n ^ , T ^''" ^"'^^ "' ''"' ^^^"^'"'^ ^" the lower end of t..de until tl.:'whoirc^ ,' ZXninrr^Vv r!' "';' ": "'^ '""^^ '^^^'^'^ ^'--"^'- "f ^''e however, nothing was conter^d^'on Z^.K :^ iw ^ ' ^"" "' !''''''' "' ''"' ' ^^ ^^'-^'- Treaty of Utrecht, the rights ac mire l.v h T r ^7' ''^">';^">' ■""''^ ^han there had been by the subjects. ° ' ''' ''^ ^'"■^'^ ^'■^•^^•^■'^ ^^'"y ^""Pb- in common with other British whom it had, up to th;t t.a t t^ ! ! .M o n l"? " ?" "" "''' ^'"'^ "' '''" ^^-'^''-^'^ ''7 new market for U.e produce of thi .'.lu rv ' b t • f T" "T ^' '"" '"'-""" ^"'^ ^''^^ ^° ^^^ ^ individuals, then by su.all con.nan es a in 'l ! ""^'t' ^'^'^ ^^^" y'^'"'" to it. first by separate not only sprea.l their ope a^o fo ^ ^^ t t "^i ;j;, ?'''"\ "^ «*' '^'-^'-^' who new countries to the north and wes wl i e the '-" /,' ^""""'^ ^•^' ^'"^ ^^'''''^' ^^^ -^P'ored tahlishment beyond the imme!,:::l:H:t l^^'^^'^ '^'"'^"" "^^' "^^ ^^^ '"^^'^ " ^^'^ ^ .nini^^r^f::^.:^:^:^:^:;: ::;rtd: ^^-t'^;^"^ ^^'^^t-*^-^ Canada to British do. 50 parts of Canada where the F en l.t T?r , ?' ''""'"""• ^"•" '^"^ ^'^^''■"'^ inhabiting those would „atu..lly seek : t^'^^^'^'J'T''^''^'^' ^ ^ ^^^^^ Winnipeg and its tributaries .folNT S.C. MI. f'liitiiiliiin /iiieiiinrtUi, (t mi i 'i/rrn- I'liniif nee ft'tltU t ji Sienhiri/ ami I'll Hmhifn'i lliiiii'iimimny, liriiir tl, thr fiirrniUrr of thil'ninintny'i claims. Mi'inorftiidum «Ii)k Cin- nuHiiiiiicr of ''niwiiljamifi, OiiHiU 111, 1857. would naturally seek a rmrk -H 7 T^ esuu.iisnea around Lake Winniperr and its tribnt _^^ alh sock a luaiket zn Hudsoas Bay during the comparative cessation of deu.and at th le 83- JoiJIT ArriNiiix. Hfc. III. VatKiiliiin JjiH'lltllrntUt atnl '''irreg- fiontttnee he t wren the t^nliinitit Seeretiiri/ mul the HudmiH ji Ba^Ciimimni/, prior III Ihr turrcmUr o/ theCtmifmni/'s claimi. 178 taMislMM.ntM ill th.ir mVU. Hut vvl.on co-'l-lunre was n-stoiv,!, nn,! a now impulso was (fivon to the tru'lu in thu no.tli-wvsl of Ciuui.la, tli.i su|.i . h n'^ixm cut ,.H fn.m IIii.Imoi.'h FUy, mul ii..w tho (.'uia- paity;«/- - ^.,,ith ll... CaiuMlian tni.i.Ts /» M^ hderioi; wIlto tlioir lust estal.li.sl,m,.nl was nm-lr in 1774. An.l wh> it may I... ,i.siv..,i, .ii,l not l\w lIn att.... led with scri.,us c.>n8equenceB."-De,spatch of Lieutenant- Governor Gore to Lari Lathurst, 'Jtli September, 1816. .*}( 40 ■| on to the tllO (Julll- licrc tlioir Company II (piitici- ' J>uriin( ion of tlio ilijecU tu r'linndian 10 Mil tliiin- ii; first to irsc to itH iii'ililicraH ■ ciuiy on iiimdiaiiH, Selliirlf, jfur to it ver those 20 Lord rs of the to an ex- ) iiiailo to iti'd, tlio ;he Com- ll|)tt'll to iiirpilsuJ jli.struct- iiiiii|jtiijn 30 I) it tiioy rill- West occnrreil rco than iijiont of ry style, iniiila to [iioniuco irbances 40 WL'iit as h coiiti- )ops. It ; period id to, to id Ilivar to 1811, 1 Europe .. Tliere lUtenant- 179 / HO that thoso who ,v,.ist..d his an ion ,, • '""'V ' •'"" ''''> ^■"' "'" "'"'' -. _ ■ -■•■'■ • ■ ■ '■''"'"'^ "" ^''•' «••"""•' tl.Ht thoy wnv in H.o Indian ..rH- 'Z:!:!Z, Joint alfnl,ul..soiuiMi..d lor th.. 'X!,',,^'' I„t„; t-ries, hu could iud .„d...' " '''"'"" "" ^''"' «''"">"l that tl.ov v north-west countiy. ' ' '" "'"'^""•^ ''"-V < '""l-".v heinK made the al.solute umsters of the ':'-:-,;™, ^o..d ft :n:,::!:i::rh!;:^^^^^^^^ -i--. ^ .•.,. dean, or ......... s „ fH^^" - I^vke Superior, where he n^; ; ' t ; i ! v'"' 'r' "'"' "^ '"■"• '^-^ »'"• -^^ "'-'^ ^^'"'i-'. -'-"""'' "f the Norfh-VVest . ouipau " ^ i: 1^ 1 "•;'"^"^\'^'"; -"' -"" atl.r arrested the partner - -nt. ineludi.1, the nuiri.^ii:':;;'!': ^^ '^; i::;;''';;;'^ '"'---'" "^ ^''" -»-■" .iahiish. appears l.y docunents puhli.hed ,i* the ti,„ V '•""''■ ' ''^^ ^■•""•^" I""''*""'' "» tl'is occasion, as ^"'°"- ' "'.'* -™.c tL„'::,,,':;:\;i;'r:;::;::7;^ '"- ■""' -' "" - ''■«' 20oouin.issionsof thepeaco hi rlnadn f r! "'' ■'"'•'""■• ^■'"•'•^■'■"'■'^'- '>" '>>'tained his two attunpt to .lostroXxo.^:':::;:^: ■';:■" r^^^ '•:-!-'' '^-"- i»t'^ a cont ation of ^: M.,„...,„. ..any;f;..U.ow.ev;rdesira..lei^..;! ri^^^^^^ ". the death of Governor Semple, U.ere could fr'^^ ^ ,; TT ""'''"f n' "' ^'"'^'' ^''^^ ^^^'^ who were known not to hove Ve,.,, nf ^i *• , . "" ■^"'^'"" ""^ iH'rsons of those gentienien ;-i""^ -viy ....ause ;.!::;:;:; n^iiret;;; i": ■?: '" ""'^■^ "^ ^"^ T-r ^^ ^"^^ -^- for their arrest, did that justify the tal-iL . ■ ^"•"l"^"^' »'"•■ '''^^•" if there were cause form of law.* ^ ^ "'^"'" P'-'^-^^-^^'O" »-' the.r property without (ho .sanction or the ont,r:h"r:it,:;;:!t;;;.;;::::!;ti;;:i:n;:'.t;^^ 30 "f "rights," now admit tUo wi h h^ 1 L^^^^:'^ '^T ^ "-l'""-^-' ''^ ^1"- -P and .statement ^'-' l-tension of extending thl n i 1 :. IH^^^^^ ' ""'% f "' ^'"'^ '^ -'" '^ «-" that, while to the western territories o7 C'a.n , t? ll • r T'?'^ "'° " '''^'^' '^""' ^""«"^''" "^ ^he Bay to destroy the rival Con.pany t cl Ta tl^.^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ f T 'T'' " '''''''''■' '''''"^''^ ^'^'-"^ Valley of the He.l River ' ^ ''"" "' '''"^''^ ''^ '"■'"I''^^' <"''«^ '^^ Fort William as in the ccedings heeame known war t^^^^^^^^^ '" "''' ^'"^^ "■'"■" Lord Selkirk's pro- anesttin. d tl J^^I ^ "^ i^^t X'L^; 'T/;^!''^"''^"^''- -"' '^ l-^^ "^ --tahles sen^ to the n.oment at his comn.i.nLn tlia 1 7 1 T"''''' "'"' '"■""'"'"» "1^"" ^'^ f^'- '^^ 40 though at our doors to-d^O e « ^l^ e'e l^'' j' ^rT^ T " """'' '" ^'"'^ '* ^"""^ '^ --'' i*- iVpnty Sheriff of ,he \Ves r^I ' 1 ! ^ / f'': ^"'"^""'■^ themselves, ami treated the between the companies tho Lh r , i . t .' TZT'f "'"^' "" """"I''' "^ ^"^^' '"^""-- 'I''- -ar componnse by wh ch tUv t: 1 "n V" T ' , '' ^'^^^"•'"■"'^'« '^'^'-"> -^' *'- ^nal result was a namli indeed of tl.rHuS:: ^^'c^ Zv'i: "'' ' "" ''" ' • ' '"'' '^^ ''^^" ^"■""^^ «" ^--- "^'^ ^he Canada, so that Can.da can at u, ti nl > ' 7T < '" ""'•'""^'■"" ^'t'' ^^'^^ North-West Con.pany of within the limits ocou e ^ ZZ^^t h 'ti" )T' "' ^"""'°" •''' '^^^ ^^^*^^" *-"*°-' " rmlian Territories ■• LomI wh oh X t '^ the con.i„est, nor out of po.ssession of the and for which the Lice,r; e^c J; t , conquest, were fi.. discovered by the Canadian traders, 1 Can,.a. assuc.U_^:;r^^^ «^ ^^« ^orth-West Company * " iToin tijpse bocuincntH it I Lieut -Uuv. Gore to iiarl Buthuret, OtU Sept, ISie" ^""^P^^^ P^^ouew, bui has «l.o wc caus", aided by an ar.-.ipd fhree seized tlioir Tapers and Properly.''— , 1 iff' i i I ] 180 Joint Appendix, Soc. iir. Canniliiin aiiif f^nrrcs- P'tnifini'f fntirri n the Ctthitiiaf It :s true that after the amnlgamatioii of the Companies an.l the License of exclusive trade granted in 1821 co.n,.ohtH,n hocame ///,y,,Z in the ■' In.Uan I'erritorles" beyond the boundaries of Canada as indeed .t had always proved in,pract!cahlc on the part of minor traders cither within or beyond the remote parts of the provnico, small traders being altogether unable to cope with the two great Com- pames^ ,. true also that after they, the two great Companies, ha.l been for some time united, and ..,./.,»/:;;-^'"'t^'^"'^e two seetions of the United Company by wlneh ^rnr-''- * ';> '.''^"f . ''"^ '!V:"'""'^"^' ^"""^""^ ^^"^ '•'•"'^I^'"' ""^''•'^'>'' t>'e lease reliiKiuished, and a new one ?^X,^;7;v,trH " "T "*" "" '^'"'"'"'^ ^'y ^'""'J^'"'^' '^'""^^ ■'^l'l--'-l; '""^ it n'"st be observed clai^j_ tl''^ this new arrangement was accepled and entered in,o by the I^ritish (Jovernment by consent of the 10 partners re,.esentmg the original Canadian Con.pany, for although this Lease or License only affects Go^^^,T In "^ '^''"''"'^ '""""'"■"'■'^ "^ ^'"'"'''^' '* ™" ^'^'^'^y ^^ -pposed that the Go e.nment would have agreed to give it, ha.l Canadian traders still remained in the field. The policy of the Coinpanies when joined, has however been so far successf.d that they have managed heretofore 3'n^ 7 r ''''■?' "^^"f'''"' "'"'^' "° •'""''' '^"'"^ ""I'"^"^'' "P"" '-y the pretentious but er oueo s onsiruct.on put upon then- Charter, and the public in general kept in the dark respecting a a,le uluch, though partly earned on in the very centre of Canada and within range of steam navif^a- on monCV"?'^ "'^ !" ^T ,' '' 'I "''"'""^ ''""'"■ ^^^ '"'""'^"^ °*' '^'' PnnniWo canoe and over portages^ on mens backs, away hundreds of miles into the interior and round by fludson's Bay. ^rheTonr . J^»t the time has come when Canada must assert her rights not only from that necessity for expan- •->0 0=11, «7 7'- ' her grown,g popularion and trade re.,uire. but also because if she does not now bCdn o pro- •"' :; rcf '■ : ; rr '^ Tf"' "^^ '"■ ""^^'^ ^"•"^"'•'^'•^ '^ c„l„ni.ation. and securing the byalty and at aclnnent of the people by extending to them the rights and privileges of her law^and institutions the s a moral certainty that a power far more formidable than the tf udsons Hay Company must in a very short period acquire the actual possession of those cour,tries. therew!il '";'^'''T -'"fr'' f^'''^ "'' f ' ^''''''^ "^"" '^""P'"^"-" ^"<^ °f *'- circumstances connected tie wo tn V " rrf : 7 '^'' ''''' '"'^" '"1"'""' "" ^^'•'■'*"^''^' •^-"t -^-^tever under either of he wo conditions stated, to which their ( 'liarter was sul ,ject ; first as regards the countries then known np. the coasts and conhnes" of Hudson's Bay. because they were already in the. po.ession of the Ch ,t- if r 7 "l ^'••"rV"' """ ''"■■•^''"" "^'^^■"''^"^ '■••^'" t'- ^--t in terms of the 30 Ch.ute, Itself; and second a.s regards discoveries, because when they first penetrated into the interior O-t years a Her the date of their Charter, they found the country and a long-estal,lishe,l trade in the han.ls of others-un ess indeed as regards some discoveries to the north, which are of no special impor- tance to Canada, such as the Copper Mine River, discovered by Jlearne under the auspices or the Com- yaiiy. Under the first head the most .sanguine advocate of the Company, upon a full investigation of all he cucumstances, could only urge on their behalf a claim to certain points, or stations^ on the sea coasts of the bay, and even to these a doubtful and di.si.utcd title. The high legal authorities that may be quoted in favour of the claims of the Company cannot be held as of weight against the conclusions inevitably resulting from a fuller investigation of the subject 40 inasmuch as they are merely opinions upon the ca.,s snbm.ilM. The latest opinion cnven upon the subjec. IS that of Sir John Jervis and Sir John Romilly in their letter to Earl irey, of^ JaZy 185 in which they gave It a.s then- opinion. -riiao the rights claimed by the Company do properly belong to them. Before arriving at this conclusion, however, these learned gentlemen are carefbl to speciff IW:^:^:: : 7''' """ '"' "^^^ "".'^ •; ^""-'«-^'-- -<' ^o which^one they refer as the ba!L I'f ^::rZ'7..^z^:s:Tn":^;'' "'''''-'" -^ '''"' -^^ ^'^ ^^''■" -"-^"^^ ^y ^^^ This opinion, therefore, can only be taken a.s afBrmative of the power of the King to ..rant such . r^, s an, privileges as t e Charter specifies, and that the Charter would cover all the terdto..; da n S 50 but the question of whether that territcy belonged to the King to grant wa. nut before uL Vm. respect to the territory wtiich the wording of the Charter would^ove;, it would be difficult to ay whit > ^ le granted CJanadn, as leyond the ;rent Com- nited, and ist sight of by which a new one observed ent of the 10 ily ati'ects .1 that the rhe policy lieretofore itious but i|)ecting a n naviga- " portages or expan- 20 in to pro- yalty and stitutions must in ionnected either of II known n of tlie IS of the 30 interior, le in the il impor- lie Com- n of all tlie sea nnot be subject 40 pon tiie y, 1«50, ■ belong < specify basis of by the int such hiiniod ; 50 VViiii y what 181 Charter was valid, .li,l the C^u.pa; p oe„ a^A t ^^^^^^^^^^ "'T! ' '""l '' ™^^ ''' '^^'^'^'^ "^•>'- '^ *'- ™- that Act expire.! which was limit.: - Z !! "tl'U' lament to confinn it in ICm, and why, when «- "I- i. worthy o^ n..ti;.: t:t Z Z'^ ^^ ^l '" ''T r^'" ''' *''' '^^ ^"^ '"^ '^°"^'""°^^ ^ '' "--" that P.rlian,ent .lid ..scruple to rnt;>ntmT(rT'" "" "'*'' ^^'■'--- -'-" '^ ^PI-- r-otl^r" .t l>,.st, but a disputed title. bLd^^v upo 1 a t^A t" t", ' '"'T'' '* "'"'^' "^"^^ ^■■'^^'" '""•• - -"- session ; nor is it less w.,r hv ,.f -o in y-'-^P'^'^"^'- '^"'l- ov.m. .luring peace.a very precarious pos- ^' ^r, >,„■,, Ll Charted the Tr:fZ!^,.k.di;;;;ve:d t'""V';'''m"""\""^'^' '• ■■'^-^'•'^"^ '^ ^""^'"-'^- --'-- 1,. those of OreatHritainleft,: , i:n't 'wh'rV ^■■''^ "' ^TT "'"''^ '•^^"""'^^''' ^'"^ -'""- direct violation of an international Tllai" ' """^""' "^^ "'^'' ^"^ ^^"'^ '^^ '-» ^ .t^^;"-'' gave it. ° q'.est.„ns which were n..t before the learned gentlemen who Opp.)site opinions were obtained at an earlier period hv t),.. Nn,.fi, w ^ n ■ . frnir, «;,. \r n-ii I «f !-> - "'■^' ^'^'r""'' "'""'"•^'' ^^"'^ '^"^^'^ "' '•'^"--1 *« North- West Company alt 1 d If tli"" "''' "" '^'"'■"" "' '''' ^^^ ''''''■ ^1- 30 interior as the H uls. nC Bav C, . ! ' 1 , ' y^.r^"""" '"'P''""« "'" '^'^"''^^ "^ '^''''' *™''^' i» ^he the case put it ^ o " enn^^.k^ " L ^ ' "' T'''"'; '' '^^""''^'"° ^^^ ^^'''^''^'^ -^'-"t- ^'^ coasts of the B.v ,n n ''"'" '' '"^'^' *" *'^" "•"''■'>' P"««essions of the French on the and even w^thJu^'tl^ *:'"'" '""""" -' ''" ^"^ ^'^^'^ ^° communicating therewith, and y t Chirr ^'-'*''-0P™ are entirely adverse to the exclusive privileges claimed under 'he becol serous. an..ther ..^Zn^^llt ^ Z^ ^ ■ r^.^'^T^.^ ^ If '^ 1 he opmioa nmlcr consideration i, very decided on the point that the Red River an.l Sa,liatehaw..„ •t. v^imitci ustii, .ipait tiom the question of prior nossess on bv nnntlior 'if.ifo ti It .' li J. J ! Joint AiM'E.viirx. Spc. III. Vaiuuliftti Jhciimrnts, attft (\irrrs- /Kiiiiliiice f/ctu'tru the Col.niiii! Srcri't',^">^l'^''^"''o''^« "tt'^^'l" tliei-c in which they did not share ; not indeed thif th s .r,,.,,.. f i "0 Sa^ woul.1 deci.h.,lly i.ave ■ .,at e«ec, eonhl^.ave been foreseen as ^t,^Zi:Tli^. son s Ba> Company who ha.] nevc, at that period penetrated into tl>e country irheim. tZ^.l^^T] o prevent any cause whatever from depriving tl/e French coloni.sts of the b oPat' ^J 1 't had always been one of tlie most important in the country. ' '^'""'' In the negotiati.ms for peace that followed in 17G1 which w.-re dirpnt,.,! , . fi . u ,r Pitt^ and .,. the D.ke de Choiseul on the other, and ^^lich I^ . X ttL^l^^ ^^ ""'- Mississippi had come t<.beconnnonlyca.le?S::;H;;2n'SySm;^^^^^ and statesmen came to study the subject. tracing up from hi.slry aid fit th i s^ec t c i 1^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ upon the Oregon question, they did not stultify then.selves by the use of such a^i . ronl f ° cordingly we find Mr. Buchanan, now President-elect of tie T iLl ^r. ? 7""' ^" language,in concluding a proposition made by him Lt July; 184^^ '''*"■ "^"^ *'^^ ^'^"--"^ th. V '^^ wf ^'T"-"^ ri" "^''^ °"' *^' P""'^'^'' °^ continuity equally for both parties bv extending the Imuts both of anae^it Louisiana and Canada to the PaciHc alonir the same m. !m Ti , ,^ which divides them east of the Rocky Mountains." ^ ' '^^ °^ ^^^' '^'^'^ "^O The same line of argument sustains the British plenipotentiary when, in arguin. the pretensions of his Government to Oregon, he traces the nrom-css nf fl,„ r^... r . , pretensions ot Mountains to the Pacific. ' ^ Canadians westward across the Rocky i..tr«.„e„ts and wheel '..„i.,.., marks rCh'b ^ ' a Iw ll ^tr'T ^■■"■^-•;^'-- 'O^^ '-' agricultural Kote to General Hi.toi, of the Fur Trade, p. ^ Zt^£^:y^f;:22 t^ ''" ^"" '"" '''^'''■"~ 50 i McKenzio the N. by etc., etc." up to the elt;i'8 to as le British, iticlos of 10 agreed to e country iveriior of s fnllow.s: I'our.s and as ill the and tlie aiild ever iiitee, al- ~0. ;lio Hud- intended e, which t b3- Mr. nee con- Finally, iide that ns, — tlie lich had ^0 lion liad of the )matists bearinuf m ; ac- llowing bending ati* ade 40 lions of Rocky , and at cultural lent."— 185 The next stop in the natural procrress of ovonf. I. +i i' • .■ . il'e hrst .step aftur the Treaty uf Par s wa o ,, " /'"' '^^'^''T^'"" ^t Canada un.ler British sway. .To.vt ••"""try, for which purpose the Govornnrto "" &'°^'^"-"'-"t of the settled part.s of tie ^-"- ;;-ted portion of C'anada, as ,.- p...X:^: ^i^ r^JX;^^^^, ''"''''''''' ^'"^^^™^ ^ ^^ . "'V^^' ] oreby resc.nx.d fron, .survey or .ettlen.ent fo. Lnun ni /, T' "' "" "^""^'••>' l^-ng ^Z^:^:-,, le.scnpt,ons of Canada, however, of that period ' *'" l^^^'^'^tion of the Indians. The '/"'V''"-- '•ythe Ohio River, to the Mis is i ^ A ' h t" r""'^' ^'^ "" ''''''''''^ '^ Penn.sylvan a '''-""' : Q-becAe,%,eseribes the ,..:;•;:;::: ..^nr-Sr TT "' ''"'• ^"""-"'^ -''^'' "i- "--- 10 S'^r"';' *° *'" ''^"''^"^ Adventurers of J :^an^ u b^r o H 1 ^""t™ '?"'"^ "^ ^''^ T'"-" ''''"-- 10 ^'^ ^-. - W,nv. „., ,n, H will 1. seen, by^^ "V^, '^^^^ ' Y "' '^'^^ '^^ ^^^^^ '^^r^^'^^^^ 1^ the British Government, nine years later L. n i ''onstruction put upon this Aeu ''-'■"'«/«".«'. The Treaty of Independenee: of tlu/Vitedt;: ;;;•;';? " ^'^ P^-^ P-ten.sions of d. Cou.pany. "'"- . j;a.'t of .hat had formerly gone under ^J^ ^: ! l:;!" T^'^'f'.. '"""•'^•^' ^'^ ^'--''' ^ commi.ssion i.ssued to Lord Dorehester-the tirTt a ' b T ! !f '^'' ^'"*'-"' ''^^'^^"•^ ^ ''^•"l l'^" the Hcnbing the boundaries of Canada, as in the Titt^^^^^ featy-the same words are u.sed in de- ^r:izt^!^j:a:. r 7:£^:::rr*^^ ""^^ -' ^"""— ^^- ^-^ ^'^'^ tbenee, the Woods, to the said Lake of the Wo.Is ^ tT e ' h IIm .^"""'.""f -» '-^ween it and the Lake o point thereof, and from theuee on a due wJs ^s; f " '^''t'^'^. ''' ^^^ "'^^ north-western 20southern boundary of the territories c.-! ,t7d to 1 M 1'"" ^'^''^^^' ^^^^ northward to the Hudson's Bay.- °"^"^'^^ *° ^he Merchant Adventurers of England tradin. to Me.no.n,,,™ rpi . , . . ° ' *'^'^ ^lescription. it is granted to the Hudson's Bay <:-ompanv fo be dc^td V ,!' '"l •f'Tr;' •-'" '"""'"•'■^'•^ °^ ^^^ ^--^ory ot Its original extent un.ler the Fn'nch "^^•"-•^-^'>^'. ""'l 'f that failed, it I ad no other limit, shoH pobit^:t:^f::^;;:S-q-I-- - not extend at any Mr. Pitt objecte,l to the norther y boundary of J i "•""' '" ^''^'- ^' ^^''" '"-^ remembered that of Canada in 17(il, that never hele.s.r' Us :':r'r'"":^V" f""'"'*' "^^^ boundary to its .source. This re.sult seem o;. ten 1" ""' "" '^'^''''^^ '^'^-"'' '^ "le fined almost entirely to the west of the Mis ^:;^™f^ -''-'' Louisiana was con- 40 ^vhlch came more nearly in contact with her ol 's "1 ." ■ '""'"^' ''"" P°'"* «'^ *'- ^-'^t, vv^st to the very sources of the Missi.ssipi t e bl 1 2^? "f ^"""^ '" ^''""^'^ ^"^"■•^ -"P^' - the Thispoint had accordingly to be afte.^L ^^ with th uT ^t^""'^ ''^'"" ^^'^ "ndelrmined. acquired the rights of France. Ti,is s..ttlen ent „ \ '''*' ^^*''*''''' ^^'^" ^'^^» "^ ^''^-^ '"eantime northerly bounda.y of Louisiana, a^ s ^ ^ tZ^Vt'^'l. 'T T '''-'''' "^ '^^'^"^''^ ^ t>' Lake of the Woods due west to the lloekv Mount .'' ' -''therly boundary of Cana.la, from the proper, though intersecting some of its t.L^ y t^" l.^"^ T "' "" ^"""'^ "' ^'^ ^"^--PF Hhouhl not have been north of the. source ,,f^tM^^^^^^^^ '^'•™'- '" ^''i^'' -- that the 1 n e w:th the United States, at a time when it wa s^, po ^ Zl T/ "•'•"*■ ^T'"'''' '''''' ^ P--"« ^-'^ty of the Mi,ssi.ssippi would inter,sect that riv^ ''"'"'' ^■'^'""^'^ "^ ^^^^"'''^ ^^--J "l-n eas^ 150 Were the Kin'>-'s letter" mfnt * r it-* 24 ,• ''"^ ot the description, not intersecting the 186 .loiNf Al'PENDIX. M Sro. 111. Cdniulinn ItneiirnvnlH, unit CiirriH- fmiKftnct' trtwrni ihr i'ltlimial ttnrnnii' r af tfif t'uiiijttini/' MissisHippi, wouM ;,'o on as far as Briti.sli torritiiry, not otherwise oitranizcd, would carry it, which would lie to tlii^ Pacific; or if limited at all, it would bo hy the lii'.st waters of the Mississippi which it did intersect, wliich would he the White liarth Riser, and this would in fact correspond with the extent of Canada previously known to the French, tiikin<,' in all the old forts elready nienti(met, tlioic. Tiio Act, tlicy said, could not moan all Ihilisl) America not witliin the limits uf the (.'anadan, f >v tlus assertion tiiat no Jurisdiction existed was />uei,m. 111.1, not true of Nova Scotia or New lirunswick, and tiierofoni ini'dit not lie true of Hudson's Bay. Thus. UH(i ( OKt'f'S- • • • •/ • ,m„ini I- HI tiu't. It ajipeMrs tliat tlio framors of tlie Act, having their minds directed to the North-West, where i'h,"'l',"„iii,ii *''^' ollences referred to had occurred, forgot to exclude the Provinc(!s lying on the ojipositc side of ility of the Act to the Company s Territories. But the assumption tliat this Ai't does not claimJ!'"'"'" i^i^'^c^ tliL'ir pretensions is doulily futile; for, when more clo.'ely considered, it either brings their terii- 10 tories within Canadian jurisdiction or it ignores them altogether, and in cither case it contracts tlio limits they claim. If they makt; good their assertion that it does not atl'eet their territories, then it destroys their claim to have their limits extended to tlie boundaries of Canada. Tiie territories refer- red to in the preamble of the Act are those not within the linuts of cither Lower or Upper Canada, the two Provinces being treated (listiiuili/ as regards the teriitories not within their limits. Now, taking Lower Canada in the tirst instance, it is bounded by the Ottawa, and a line due nortli from the head of Lake Tamiscamingue and the places outside its limits on which the Act would have effect, if not the Company's territories, must certainly be something between those limits and their territories. But the question is more important as regards the places outside of Upper Canada. If the maps accompanying irumoraniliim the "Statement of Rights," submitted by Sir J. IL Pelly, bo correct, then the territory all'ected by the Act 20 mi.s«i',im'r uf i« about 1,500 miles distant in its nearest part from tlie most remote point in Canada. In other words, CauadMbr!?.' Canada ends at the source of Pigeon River, and the Indian Territories begin at the top of the Rocky Mountain.s, and we are re(piired, therefore, to assume that the Imperial Legislature meant to commit the absurdity of giving jurisdiction to the Courts of Canada over a territory beginning at a distance of some fifteen hundred mil(>s from her frontier, while a different British jurisdiction (that of the Company) prevailed in the intervening space. But assuming for fact the Company's view of the case, that it did not affect their territories, wc find the very purpose for which the Act was pa.ssed, as expressed in the title, to be, to provide a jurisdiction for certain parts of North America luljoinhig lu the said Provinces of Lower ami Upper Canada. Con.secjuently, if the territory alfected by the Act only commences at the sununit of the Rocky Mountains, as represented by the map submitted by Sir J. H. Pelly, then as it 30 adjoins this Province, Canada must extend to the sununit of the Rocky Mountains ; .so that, on their own sliowing, the jurisdiction they exercise in the intervening space, at Red River, for instance, is out of their own territories, and, therefore, not only without the sanction of law, but in violation of a posi- tive enactment. They must thus either ignm-o their ywn pretensions to the territory between what they call the westerly boundary of Canada and easterly boundary of the " Indian Territories," or they must admit that the Act under consideration (which is still unrepealed) applies to their territoiies, in which case their jurisdiction in every part would be in violation of the statute. But if there was any doubt on the subject before, it was fully removed by the Act 1 and 2 Geo IV., cap. G6, which was pas.sed after all the strife and bloodshed in the Noi'th-West, and which, after reciting the doubt rai.sed respecting the former Act being applicable to the Hudson's Bay Company's 40 territories, declares at sec. 5, in the strongest and most comprehensive manner, that the said Act and all its clauses shall be construed to apply to tlieir territories, anything in " any grant or charter to the Com- pany to the contrarij notiuithstanding." This Act, 1 and 2 Geo. IV., cap. G6, gives jurisdiction, as full and complete as language can make it, over all the Indian and Hudson's Bay Company's Territories, to the Courts of Canada, and it provides for the appointment of Justices of the Peace by the Crown (both for the Indian Territories and Hud- son's Bay Company's Territories), to whom the Canadian Courts are empowered to issue commissions " to take evidence in any cause or suit, and return the same, or try such issue, and for that purpose to hold courts," etc. These courts are most distinctly made subordinate to the Courts of Canada, etc., and can, in fact, be created bv and exist throutdi them onlv ^r. By tlio 11th and 12th clauses, however, the Crown is empowered to create Courts of Record, with- out the intervention of the Canadian Courts (but without limiting the power to be exercised through 10 20 30 ■10 50 '-J.fi4t%MtS» USBLifl&BKK liS9 ;iic(l, could t moan oU xistod was ly. Thus, 'est, who 10 te side of caniod on bt the Com- can make t provides and Hud- inniissions )urpose to I, etc., and 60 ord, with- d through them), for tho trial of small causes and petty ofrencos, tho former hein^ limited to civil cn^.o.s not aflVct- ing a larger amount than X200, and the latter to cases in which the offence does not subject the person coumi-ning the same to capital punishment or transportation. -■•■ !•'>'« Act it is repeatedly .leclarcd and ,>i.acted in tlie most emphatic maimer, th it its enactments shall nave effect " uotwilhstandiny anything eonlained in any Charter yranted to the Governor and Company of Adventurers of England trading to iluds(;n's Bay." It is true tlie last clause of the Act reserves to the Company, in tlie most ample manner, all rights and privileges they " are hi/ law cut If!,;! to claim and e.xeicisc under their Charter." This, it will be observed, is what the " .Statement of llights" n.f,,.rs to when claiming a •'cunctrrcnt jarmlictlon'' with 10 the Canadian Courts. . Now, when it is observed that the Legislature has refrained from expressing any opiniim as to what the rights ami privileges of the Company renlly are, and cautiously abstained from reeogni/iiig any but what they already had "6// /««■," it is difficult to suppose that it was the intention of the Act to recognize in them those very powers which it was making the most ample pro- vision for the exercise of by a totally different authority, in strong ami repeatedly expressed abnegation of their pretensions. ° It is also to be observed that tho previous Act, 43 Geo. ill., which denies their jurisdiction, is stili in force, unrestricted in every particular, and not deriving its force from the subsequent Statute', which is merely dedavntovij in that particular of its proper construction. Tho question of whether the Company can exercise any legal jurisdicticm within their own tcrri- -0 tories— limited to their just extent— loses its importance, however, in face of the more serious question of Its aetunl exercise both in Canada and the Indian Territories, and that even to the extent of life and death, while the intention of the Imperial Legislature in creating a jurisdiction for tiiese territories reserved all important cases, either civil or crimimil, for trial by the regularly constituted legal tribuniils of an organized community, where the Charter of Biitish rights would be held as sacred as the interests of a commercial Company who assume to be themselves the judges, where (without any reflection upon them collectively oi- individually) cases must, in the very nature of things, arise in which they ou.'ht to be tho judged. ° It, therefore, becomes of very great moment to ascertain the truth of certain statements that have been made to the cHect that their principal officers at Red River hold their commissions from the Crown 30 and if so, under what form, for what extent of territory, and how described. Such commissions mi-ht' no doubt, have lieon issued under the Statute 1 and 2 Geo. IV., for the Hudson Bay Company's Teuri- tories and for the Indian Territories, for the trial of small causes and offences of a minor nature as already described, without in the least infringing upon or limiting the right of Canada to intervene • but if the British. Government has expressly included the Red River country in any such commissions' it can only have been through a misapprehension of boundaries, which is not to be wondered at from' the policy pursued since the union of the Companies, and the erroneous view of the case they have so constantly dis.seniinated ; and no doubt any such powers, if they have been granted, would be with- drawn as soon as the case has been brought fully under the consideration of the Imperial authorities. In conchiding the question of Jurisdiction, it is necessary to observe that the Imperial Statutes 40 herein quoted, which vest the jurisdiction in Canada to the shores of the Pacific, have been repealed in 80 far as they relate to Vancouver's Island by the Act 12-13 Vic, cap. 48, which re-invests the juiisdic- tion of Vancouver's Island in the Imperial Government until the establishment of a Local Le to government, i u ris- " r 1 . in L[r;T' TD y^."'\ "'"":'""' '' ■^""'' °'' '''° '"■^^■^^'"^ ■^-'^''-l^- l^-'-'lar) of Canada 10 at I , „^. Lake, the Lake of the Woods, and along the 41)th parallel, to the south of which those rivers ptifi 1';; \7' n" ""T}' ""^' ''"'"' '^^"'"^'''^ ^'■'^'''^ ^'•""' •''" ^^"^•'y Mountains west to the the title Lr C Tr::.' • 'r '''''""" ''""" ^'^ ^'^ ''™^^'" ^^•'^'^"- '^'''-^ '^^ - ''-I-^to al.out the r t.tle on th s head, but then- le«.sc expires In two years, and it is the renewal of this lease for » tuither period of twenty-one years which they now seek to obtain. „n 1 ]'f^w' '•''" ^\ '^'" /'"f''r °^ ^^"""'^"'■>' "^""^''^ ^''^'''^' t^'^t tl.o country about Re.l River an Lake Winnipeg, e C. which they claim under their Charter, absolutely helongs to Canada • anH unately the latter has been as little generally understood as the former, the result of the means the Company have taken to conceal it. for .seldom if ever has the wisdom and fore.sight of man .ll" Id a 20 oftiioCmii- '-ompanies in ISJI. missioner of t> f i.i . as,, Jf ;7;';^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ ^f--''- f- Tmde gave employment to some thousands of men as mere tanitrs. or voyageurs as tiiey were termed. the wt'of lir^tt^'^r^'Vlr r-r"'' """" ""^"'"^ ^'^ '^'^ North-West Company during the war of 1812, at the capture of Miehilimacinac, etc.. Lord Selkirk alludes to this body of men a! he admits "in a great measure secured Canada," beeau.se they were not constantly employed' by the Company, and effected this .service at a soa.son of the year when the Company did not ^iZ L C^^ Assuming this to be the fact, however, had there been then, as now. no sucli Company and no uTh 30 trade, there would have been no such body of men ready for action in the hour of danger. Had the circumstances of the trade continued the .same to the present day, settlement must have ollowed the route of such a line of traiKc, and the continual intercourse between this country and the ertile plain.s of the "far West" would have placed us as far in advance of our American neS.borsn the colonization of those countries as we are now behind them. "t-io'ioours m But the policy of the united Companies has been so admirably carried out in all its details that an erroneous impression respecting the country and everything connected with it had gradual lyt po.ssess.on of the public mind, and it is wonderful with what tact such impressions may ton 'tin est conveyed without any statement being made contrary to truth. The very appellathm of // ! ! Bay Territory" as applied, for instance, to the Red River country carries ^ J^ nS ! J the waters of the Mississippi and the Red River, the As.sinible'andTe Mi 'm'^^^^^^^^^^^ "J j/^' \^ '' other there, and therefore the designation of" Gulf of Mexico T.rUonf wo m b 'j tt Lrit Tut wha a different impression it would convey as regards climate. Again, almoso every mentTon of the 0( 191 ho Hiilijcct, lerally well Charter of to tlioii), in rd is their utnt, juris- Y ; at least, of Ciiniida, 10 hose rivers I'cat to the j)ute aliout lease for a Red River da ; and it but uiifor- means tho devisL'd a 20 ion of the sn as mere .ny during )f men as ;es, which ed by the uire tlioni I no such 30 nust have ' and the libours in tails, tliat lually got ctinies he Hudson* ni\\ it, for 40 vith each ect. But 3n of the e adapted rne shape red miles iveycd, is Joint Ari'KNDU. .S.C. 111. ^'tinttitinn Ji'K'uinnttdt ami I'orrrf liitmrn III'- I'lilnlliitl Strritiiry tttni On Httilmtu'a Jtiti/Cimiiitnii/t )iru,r til llii- mirrrinlir of th< i 'nut fount's cUiiinH, of the Cum- iniHsiciiiiT (if CriiwiiLanils, Canada, 1857. " For n)aiiy yoars priir to the con.iuest of Canada. French subjects /taii pendmlcl hy the St. Lawrence to the frotiha-H ../ l{ii/i,'rt'x l.ninl ; hnf „i> rompvlU'i,,,! hud ,>rriirml bet wren tlie traders of the two coun- tries i«/7/it,t "■■" "■ ».»«. ..r .„,ti,i „ u „ Wiwn . ' •' "" I 11- villi 11. i lillt tlU'MO lorritnii.w ni-,. (U t!..!.!.. i> .. ..i ... r ", w::r"- company can .1., to pi;en;;;"it" 'k^ T 'TV """"'"'"'' ^'"'' '''"' ^'"'^ '" '^I''^" "f anythiriK the M, ,.„/;,„„„ puk. for one pl.y.sieal fact u- setn a h "" Y*"*";"''^"* ""'' "^ «^'''''^ ''"• -t'L-.-nt it i.s useless to dis- /^vr,.,«;»„,, ,su,..,„.r and wint.,.-, then. -K I . ■ "'? thousan. s of wild eattlo find sutmist.mcc there l.otli in p;:,r:,/ ci.,.,.a.t..n.uo , „ .....:.d ttV, ": 2 \ "T ""■' ^'''"'^- ^"' ''^ '''^' ^•"""^'■>- 1— ">« ti.is '& "" -''-1 timt the .„...,., ., .„ ,;;\, z:t:;CftTi ;; "'";'"""« " ^'"•" ^^ ^''^ ^^■^^^-^•' '^ On the .^t. « ju ; M T '''-■'■"^"" "' ""' ""•'"' P''--''^ "f Upper Canada world for coloni^^a. The , ly rXTis ' r^l ' TJ""' "'^'^ ""^' °' ^''" """■^^ ^■-"^'i- '" t'- system will never r.,,..^.. Z^;; tlo ^Ix 1 .^ t; 1 '', f T"" "'' ''"''="'^>' "'"'^'^ *'- P'-'-"^ ■ "<'t now, ofeourso, 1,0 ann. xed I. fWda ? ' f ' '"'^^ t^'^' "'"'"'^'nt. This Island ean- oxistin, Cl,art..r under whi e ^S X^ Um T tV^' ''''"'' '''''''' '^'"■"^"'■-' ^ *'- eitl^er the old Charter or the oxpir g t ^^ £ , ^ ^tj:"'' ''^'T ' J""' '"' '' """^'"'^'•'^^'' ^'•""' value of their estahLMnnents if he .^rant 1 1 . . Hudson ,s Hay Company to payment of the {^=.1. !;•'-- ;--"- it seems that if it he not done ^^^I ,;?";. "7 """"J m'"^' !"T ^'^ """'' '^^ su^ee, the President, in 4 messa«^:c;::S^:'S^::X:'l^ '— "^-" ^>- ™aii af ;:r:::;:vr:j;;t:^i:;e:rr^^^^ > -' ''- -"^^-^-- «^ -^^^^^^^^ -eh a lomuiea to tlie favourable consideration of Congress " • for communi...tion aeross the eont n nf .nl^ T^' °^ ""-' ^"'^ "*' ^^'■^''^" ■'^••<-' ^'"^ ''a'^ilitios being ,00,: navigation thieU: ' rn'of Zj' .KL"tl V l"^ ^''- Superior, from whence the navigation s hrlr o L^ Vv" fr" ,' ""''' '" ''" ^"'^ ^f^'^'^^ distance is navigable); then tlu^u^d. thit like to the S \ 7''""" ^*^^°"^^' '^""* ^'^ '"''^'■^ "^ ^''i^ in the lower part near the Lake, fr m whent the nav, f " ""• °° "'"' ^^"" "''^ obstructions Rocky Mountains. "" ""^^'S^tion ,s unimpeded to the very base of the during sunmier a monthly commun ntion ',■ 1 i ' r ^>"7"^-"-«J''*'-^'. to Canada, to establish these measures sliould be most bly ^es" d po:th"T"" r " "' ^""'^"'^"° ""P"^^""- ^'^^ 40 for on their solution depe,.; . the ouestirnof Xth . \7 ?--— ^ at the present juncture '' ■State, or one of the Great Powers of tie earth an no l" nT7 ^'"" "^*'""^'^''^- ^^^^'"^ '^ P^^^^y counterpoise favourable to British ttreraW,,, T^ t' .^"' ^'''"'^'- °'- "°^ *''^-" ^'"-^" !>« a preponderatinginfluence-if nllt hea^S^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ ■"^^'t-t'ons to counteract the must otherwise attain upon this continent ^"'"'^^"""^^ ^^"'■'^ ^^'^ i?'-*^-^ neighbour the T;,ntea MiaU>3 tben^::-:;:^:;!:-r ;:flt:: !:rTzm-^^° '^--^-^ -^ ^^-^ ^^° — the subject further than to point ent the erroneous imnlr- P"P"'''^"°' ''"' '' "^ necessary to enter into effect that they are necessary to u Indir Tt ^a^'^S'^ .^.^rf"^"^ «^"- ^« --^^-^0, to the . -I ma^ .^c!l b. .hat uic state ol filings is better under 50 40 it tlio cxped- I tllOHC fOlin- '// '"■ ; it is iiiything tho ■iclffSS to tlis- l to .siiMtiiin lere hoth in MesNing thJH westwiird it ven dogrues 10 Janada. ', liiit Viin- triivs in tho the present tliu Noith- Ishiiid oin- •it'H, fts tho juied, from lent of the 'X|ieett(l to 20 8 could bo 'erritorifs," iH re(|iiirod he Pacific upon tho ing such a !ed not bo 30 J farilitit's ida, there I of Lalvo .'s of this itructions 30 of the II consent establish ince that ^q juncture a Petty la'l be a ract the I accuse er into to the r under 5Q % -7^'i'z.:r;;:::,':':i::::;,::7:;r -■■ 'r:'- "t -* ' '-" ■■"»- -" " ascuM wrll b., ..yi.......l • , ""'l"'t'"l, With n.(..r,..„co to thnr etlect upo,, tl... naf ivo population, kept Ltatua^,^TZJu\ ';:'"":*"•" '•'.■""^ -""- '- •-- wl-ther tho.o couutrios nhall bo '..•n^^d up und:r; heM.::r ■ 'ri;;;;: ;;^ r :"^ ''-IT ': ^"'" • ;t^^ ^ ■"• •' «vi.i|»ll,y t,.>var,i, il,„ i,„ii„ >-"""»" ll«n'nv 'v. „„ioli !,«» ,il,va,, ,vlm-i,l Iho arcalcl 'lo-"»« ..™..:i; ^ .:;: ,;l:::,;;e;;: 10 country CiiowN Lands Dkpartment, Toronto, 1857. JoSKi'll C'At'CHON, Cuminiat»ionfr o/Cfown /auvIh. .IdlNT Al'I'KNlFIX. Sre.TlI. I'lllKlllilllt fiiii/ f'orrtn- iutltttl ttCi hitU'ttii tilt f'lifnniitf Sti'fitiirii rim/ thi Umhtiit'it /liil/l'iimiKinii, l>nn,- t„ till ' Kiinniili rtif l/it ''•im/HiHi/l flttnnn. Mi'iriiiriimlum of till' Cum- llliNHJoiirr of ('ri.»ii|,ttM(lH, < 'aiimlii, t«67. Chief Justick Diupkh to tui.; Coloniai, StcuKTAiiv* 3« Sl'KINO OaUDENS, ..,.|a,yl,a.»„Cu„a,Ia «..! (I.o H„d,„„', llay T.mtory „, ,„„.„l,i,.|, „ i,,„| ,., 1« ml-im> S rZ ith •'() tieci'ssiirv i,r..ll,.,!.,o..„ » ., ----.... w„j, xv.,,,i,u,_y iiM „m' wnicn i.m,miiv(I to lie sett ud as a c, ,1* ■".^:::;;::::,":rs'i,:r;'S;z,:i;'t ;"::::iti '■' "■■ ■■»""» r-;-"r "■ - "- '-^ Parliauient. understood, to be again submitted to tho ni' 1 alluded to the diH'eience between the viewx of flu. II,, 1 - i- p s'ed to ifni ."'' r^ "^""'' ' '-">'-■"-'""' t" .V-. i" relation thereto, wluch you llouft: "nclas? ' '""' """"'" ^' ''''''''' "'^' '^^"^'*""^"-- '' ^"^^ ™.n.h„n I have now 'th.. ^rantV''' '""'^*';"'=*r ^^^ '^"^ '«"g""«'' "^ tl'C dmrter, and the extent of tho territory purpgrtod to be •JO o mnuttte ol the Privy Council. In this event, 1 venture to request tl. counsel on the mrt of the y t^t Jaa.d in suppoit of those views which more immediately affect the interests of Canada, the ri r'' ''"'^}^''^''^ ^ f ''''''■' t" the Judicial Committee because I think .s opinion would coi.mand en u tain a ve.y strong opinion that a consi.le.able portion of the territory o.-eupied or claimed bv the Hudson s hay Company will be found to lie within the proper limits of that P iv'nce ^ validUv iftTiecZt '" '"'■';1''' 1" r7 "'" '™'" '''' '"^'•'^ ^'--■'^1 'i-'^ -" «f tJ- legalitv and ^^ It expedient that counsel should be permitted to attend to watch tho interests of the Province. The Right Hon. H. Labouchere. ' '-^' ^*- ,,„ ^ ^^^^^^ M.VORANOUM .HOM ChIKF Jt;SXICK DhAPKK, AuKKT O. THK PaOVINCE OP C VAUA. BNCOSED tx THE FOREGOING LETTER.* A cai^fid neirrf '? ^\V' '° ^"""^ ""^ '"''''''>' ^^^ ^'" ^''^''t^'' «*" ^'^ "»'' '^»'« ^^y Company. M...,i,.a„aun. .nomiitt.:::;:;^^ t :ii^3::^;':;rr "r-'^'' ^-^^ ^^^ ''- "^-- vitinfpflw. f *i • "'"^"""'^ t'^scuption ot the territory purporting to b. granted does not r^'^o-.tith .^ d^v LS^^^^^^^^^ '^ ' '^"^'•^""" "^ ^" ^"^ "-^^'^ «f ^'^^^ *-"^-y "-''ielt tho Pi-^vinco of Canada ""^' ^^^^• •Report S«lect Oommitteo, House of Commo,.s( England), on"iheli;:d7on 25 s Bay Company, 1857, p. 374. Joint Al'l'KNUlX. .Sto. riT. ('idiailiiiu /iiiniiniHt:', itilil ' 'nrrm- Jlillllll HIV li(tii-(t n thr i'afitniitj St'cri'lari/ and thr Hmhint^s JiailCovipnny, prinr to thr tiuvrrnilct' nf the<'' "^ ^"'--l- t'- «-«-'. in lfiS2 they say that delaBarre.theOo,^rlj;"li^^^^^^^^^^ that, by the Kh,,/sR ova n,,H '' '"^'^""f ^° '''''^■^ t»'^"" "»t. they observe, they doubt not but and their o V "Tthi t f ^^1^' '"°'"'''"' '"^T ^^"' ^« '-'''^^' ^° ^^^^-'^ '- »-l-'^ted right made discover;: o;";a^an;'c;m;^^^^^^^^^^ '"^" '"^' "'^""" '"^ *"^ ^"'"'^^^^ °^>^-'- ^^P-"^ ^'-- ''- 10 Crov^t^^M:!:^'' :?r;;^ -:; ^f^lf-V^^"'-'^- " -^— •■ «-- ^^^ a treaty of peace between the betwixt Gin^ a"tl Ub nv F , ," ""''l '"'^^ "°' ''•'"•^' "• '''''■' '^"^ ^■•'^''•-' '^^-nd the nud way Cana.la and Albany i ort, which we reckon to bo within the bounds of our Charter " repeaule^lre d^Stf ""''^'^ '' ""'" ^^^P"^^-«--™- ^^ the Lords Commissioners of Trade, they absob.r '""""?^' ^'^J.^'l;"/""''' 1«0». tl'^y ••'^P'-e^ent the Charter as constituting them the true a,ul tett(S"':rTf"n .,"•"'!' ^'^•'"'^"' °' "^^ *'^^ ^'^'•"^°"-' "'-^« -J Plac^estherot b I: Ihcy fu.ther set forth the attacks made in 1G82 and 1()8(! by the Fren.-h from (Sn.dn .,n , „ •' cations f.r redress and the declaration n.ade by James the i^ Z^^^^^lZl ml J:"' ll 20 an tW ° ./ . ''T''^ '^'' ^''"'« l^ay and Straits of Hudson, and to the sole trade thereof • 20 and they pray the then lung, Willian. the Third, to insist upon the inherent ri^dit of tl Crown o^ lo t n 7^u:r^7 V'' '^"'^"f^ ""' ''' '° alienated,'that so considerLe\ trade nigdZ lost, and the Hudson s Bay Con.pany •■ be left the only mourners " in the peace of Ryswick. indeed' IhUelhe two So?''' '"' 7 ^'''''^"^' '^"'^ '''' '^'^^^ *^'^^^ ^^' ^^^ ^^^^^ = -'- "^ them, iu th^'dlellt rf^^^^^^^^ ^^ ''''' ' ^" '''' ^' ^--~ ^P--">' -f--^ *o by His Majest.; for HmiKTT'^' ^^!?' ^"'''^ r^ "P"'' ^^ "^° ^"'•^'^ °f T^--^^*^ '^^^ Plantations, they ofiered proposals Zncl f^^ n t rulin ° o .^ ' T ^"°'*' "' ''"'^°"-" '^'" ^'''^l^"'''^^^ "™^*'^ ^-'-^ *« ^^''^"^ the 30 in about .?r of n . f ° T ''""''' ^^''°''^' "^' ^°''^ *° ^'''^ northward of Albany liiver, situate 30 n about oti of north latitude, on the west main or coast, or to the northward of Rupevl's Rlvo onTlI ha tleso 1 mt ? 7, 7"". ," 7 "^ ?'"""' '^'""S"'= ^" *'"^ Hudson's iay Company'' They ur^ed vet wol H " . t "^ ""^ ^*''"'*^ °^ ""^^■^'^"' ^^1"^''' <^''«y observed, the French never yet would strict y .hspute or suffer to be examined into, though the first step of the e .^hth article of the JAho I^sH;!'^'"'^ ''^ ''''''' °' '' ""''''' '""^^ ^^"^^^ '-^^ ^'^-'^ ^'- French^ccess l: the b!;; The French Ambassador did, however, in March 1698-9, set forth tlie claims of his Sovereiim in a .. virrrr" ; T y'^'' ^^^•"°™'' --"o- other thmgs observing that the diffiu.n authol vTo W '%r ntsoHe" rs:r; "" r^" ^7" ^'^^^ ^' "° ^""'^^ northwards, and that it appeared y grants oi letters of corporation made at several times by the Kings of France to the companies settled ::ZXi::X;::::^^ ^" ^^^«' *^- - ^'- -- - ^^^^ North is comprehendedTri^u! thereof ff"" ^"'^IT '"f '*f ' *'^^^ '^ ^^' English had had any knowledge of the Bay, or any claim 0^2 rtha Tf Tg " ^'"''^ f'^V" 1"^^ "^^^^^'^ ""^ ''• -^"^ '^^P--l>' *--"^-- it i "'the t1 of *L'Egoarhct describes Canada at t.ho n'riod ..f Mi<- in: .nfn, > i r rTT^^Tl ^^^T" houvdle FruMce a pour limites du coto d'ouest L tom.rin'^,' ,'"l ^^ u ^-L ^'^ ^"'^^'}'> l^-SB, tl.U8 : " Ains, „otro midi les lies de la Mer AtlautL.e drcfl'f de CuW iCi" ^°' ^^"''1"? ''.". '^''" ''" '^"-"P'^l"" 'J" Cancer, au F«noe ; et au septentHon cetto ,u'i esf ditrlLtSfv^rVt fcCe^^^^^^^^ '^'''«- ^^ N-vel,e ■loi.vr Al'I'EIHlIX, Sit. Id. ('(iiKiilitin 'iiid Currm- l«md(ncc littwf en tlir Culiiniul S' t'nhtrii and l)rUir til the ' surrimlir of thi t\nii.}ntuij's ''hi i His. Mpinr'-.i ndum t'f Ciiit f .Tu9- tit'i' l)rap(T, mibmitieil to tlie C'olmiiiil Seci-etary,(ith May, 1857. 196 tlie FivncI, m.itlior tlu^n nor for a long time afterwards ha.l any forts on tlie coasts of the Bay he oxiilams It hy saying, tiiat being masters of the inland country, the savages, with wliom they had a ,0.1- tuiu.il trade, brought their furs over lakes and rivers. In April, 1714, the Hudson's Bay Company thank the Queon " for the great care Your Majesty has taken for them by the Treaty of Utrecht, whereby the French >uv obliged to restore the whole Bmv and htreights of Hudson ; the undoubted right of the Crown of Oreat Britain." In August, 1714, in reference to the same treaty, the Hudsous Bay Company proposed that tho limits between the English and French on the coast of Labrador should commence from the island .loiNT Al'PKNDlX. Sec. rir. ('(ni'n/iffn i>ocumi )itn^ and i^itrvt's- fhiniliiici fictiva J} thr Cohntin} thi' Hudmni's prior to thr .vtrrtntur ot^ .. . , — -' — «^..i*«vx» .:ti»w(.«i^4 \-wiiiiinj:in;u nuui tim j>^m,iiii rA..a.«;««, ,, called Griniingtons I.sland, or Cape Perdrix, in tho latil.de of .W.r N., which thev de.sire may be the — boundary between the F.'eneh and English on the coast of Labrador ; and that a line be drawn south- 10 westerly, to pass through the centre of Lake Mista.ssinnie ; and from that lake a line to run south- westward into 49' north latitude; and that such latitude be the limit, that the French do not come to the north nor the English to the south of it. In another paper of about the same period, they give the following account of tho motives which induced the formation of the Company : " It was, therefore, after the happy restoration of Kin- Charles II. that trade and commerce began to revive, and in particular that some noblemen and othlv public- spirited Englishmen, not unmindful of the discovery and right of the Crown to those parts of America designed at their own charge to adventure the establishing of a regular and constant trade to Hudson's Bay, and to settle forts and factories there, whereby to im ite the Indian nations (who lived like savages many hundred leagues up in the country) down to their factories." oq In August, 1719, the Hudson's Bay Company acknowledges the surrender by tho Fronch of tho Memorandun, ,""''' ""'^ ^''''^' '" '*"'='' ^ '"^""'^•' '^^'^<^ ^hey had nothing to object or desire further on that head. But tic,^D;'',;I."" ^^^'"•■S'^^^' fl"^ settlement of the limits between the English and French territories without delay, since sui.mitt«i t'o the Irench, subsequently to the conclusion of the peace (in 1715), made a ,' .^ttlement at tho head of Seer.t"u''v,wi, ^^^^'^W Rivcr, upon which the Company's principal factory was settled, whereby they interrupted the May, w,r. In.lian tra.le from coming to the Company's factories. It was therefore proposed and desire.l, " that a boundary or dividend line may be drawn so as to exclude the French from comitur anywhere to the northward of the latitude of 49", except on the coast of Labrador ; unless this be done, the Company's lactones at the bottom of Hudson's Bay cannot be secure, or their trade preserved." . ... J" *"'' ^'^'^ fo'-eyoing documents it will be observed, that whether upon the peace of Ryswick, when 30 E-nghsh attairs looked gloomy, and those of France were in the ascendant, or after the Treaty of Utrecht when the power of France was broken, the Hudson's Bay Company sought to have the boundary between the territories they claimed and those forming part of Canada, .settled by some defined and po.s.t.ve line which was to be the result of negotiation, not then pretending that there was anvthin-^ in their Charter which gave them a rule by which they could insist that the extent of their territories to the southward should be ascertained. Even in October, 17^0, they entertained the same views, while at that time they were pu.shin probably it will be found they terminate on the Groat South Sea. And towards the south ail the lands that lie on tho south end, or south side of the coa^t oi the said Bay, the extent of which lands to the south to be limited and divided from M.« loos appertaining to tho Frenoh in those parts, by a line," etc., describing tho line from Cape Perdrix to the 50 ' tlio Bay, he oy had a coii- [• Majesty lias liulf Boy and sed that the >in the island may he the Irawu south- 10 ) run south- not come to Dtives which ung Charles )ther public- ; of America to Hudson's like savages ■20 ranch of the head. But delay, since the head of irrupted the red, " that a vheve to the , Company's, wick, when 30 of Utrecht, e boundary lefined and mything in irritories to ishing their le limits of nt, Were as intic Ocean 40 mdaries of 1 end or on most limits at present 1 Hay, and ;hos(' lands late on the lide of the the places hix to the 50 49tl 1 parallel, and iilong that parallel they state the starting p'lint to ho in latitude ")9'.^ N. Th 197 wcslviird, as in their proposals of August, 171!), exeei.tin" thiit .1 )1N1' ' to avoid as much boundaries whiel as possihlo any Just grounds for ditf.Ting with the Frencl ley add, with regard to this boundary, that 1 lie nearest their .settlements, it is laid dow ■>■• li in agreeing on th().se .\|'|'h; xniv. n so as to leave the French in possession of n , - . ...^ 1... ,,^/ mi,,> „,n; in;inii 111 possession 01 as nmch or more land than they can n.ake any j.ist pretensions to, and at the .san.e tin.e leaves vour memor.al,,sts but a very snmll district of land fron. the .south end of the sai.I Bav necessary f'or a front.er. It .s worthy of ren.ark ti.at this line would have given to France the southerly portion of he Lake of the Woods, [{amy R.ver and Rainy Lake, which are now claimed as within the Conn.any's territories. ^ •^ ' nr. Ciiiunlian ami f'liii'ts- hittni u the ruh.niaf S'-rnt'i)','/ nnii t/if J/mi.wu'.t firio}' ((> tfic snnrmiir of (In l^ompinni^i rf'iiinx. 1 10 The foregoing extracts are .leemed .sufficient to establish what the ("ompany considen.d their erntonal rights in reference to their connection xvith and pro.ximity to Hu.Ison's Bay its.lf, where thev "~ had p anted their actories, and .lesired to attract the Indian trade. They certainly show that neither after the Treaty of Ryswick, nor that of Utrecht, wh.Mi they stated the boundaiies.they were either willing to submit to, or were desirous of obtaining, nor yet in 17o(), when they .set Ibrih what they thought them,selves entitled to claim under their Charter, .lid they ever think .;f asserting- a ri-dit to all the countries the waters of which flow into Hudson's Bay, Their elaim.s to lands lyinc/^oth north- ward and westward of the Bay are entirely at variance with any .such idea. Sir J.'Pelly before a Committee of the House of Commons, in March, 1S;>,7, seems to ha've adhered to the views expressed in 1 , 00, when he said " the power of the Company extends all the way from the boundaries of Up,,,., and 20 Lovver Canada away to the North Pole, as far as the land goes, and from the Labrador coast all th,. way to the Pacihc Ocean," though he afterwards explains that the Company claimed in fee-simple all the lands the waters Irom which ran into the Hud.son's Bay. It is .submitied, that if this latter claim were well founded, th. further grant in the Charter of M.n,„ran,iun, exclusiv,> trade beyon.l the limits of the territories granted in fee-sini-ple would give colour to the tL^lhllr- a.ssertion of the "power of the Company extending to the Pacific; assuming that the wor.l ^' power" ™'>7"''»>i" was used to designate the exclusive right of trade, and not the ownership of the territory For if the «™-t"h Charter gives the fee-simple of the lands to the Rocky Mountains the Pacific is a "Sea" and Eraser's ^''''' '"'' and McKenzie's are " rivers," in which " entry or pas.sage by water or land out of the territories " actually granted may be found ; though in such ease the application for a licen.se for the exclusive trade would MO II tlie L barter be m this respect valid, have been unnecessary. The French Government, it appears, would not agree to the proposal which would have limite.l them to the 49th parallel. Colonel Bladen, one of the British Commissioners under the Treaty of Utrecht, wrote from Paris in 1719 in reference thereto : " I already see some difficulty in the execution ot tins attair, there being at least the difference of two degrees between the last French maps an.l tint which the Company delivered us." No .settlement of the boundary could be arrived at. If the later claim of territorial limits had been advanced during this negotiation, thei-e can he no doubt It would have been resisted even more strenuously than the effort to make the 49th parallel the boundary was, not merely by contending that the territory so clai.ne.l formed part of Canada and had been treated as such by the French long before 1670, but afso that the French Kin.r ],ad exeivised an 40 act of disposition of them, of the same nature as that under which the Hu.Ison's liliy Company claim by making them the subject of a Charter to a Company under the Sieur de Caen's name, an.l after the' • dissolution of that Company had, in 1(527, organi/e.l a n.'w Company, to which he conceded the entire country called Cana.la. And this was before the Treaty of St. Germain-en-Laye, by which the En-li.sh restored (!anada to the French. In IGGS, this Company surren.lered their Charter, and the Kin" by an edict of March in that year, establishe.l a Council for a.lministrati.m of affairs in the c.lony'and nominated a (Jovernor ; an.l about 1(]G.>, Monsieur Talon, the Intcndant of Canada, .lespatched pa'rties to penetrate into and explore the country to the west and north-west, and in 1671 he reported from Quebec that the " Sieur de Lusson is returne.l, after having advanced as far as .)()0 leagues from heie and planted the cross, and set up the King's arms in presence of seventeen Indian natioits assembled on' 50 the occasion irom all parts, all of whom voluntarily submitted themselves to the dominion of His Majesty, whom alone they regard as their sovereign protector." 198 .loisr Al'PKNDIX. Hre. MI. ('illlilllluil Jhn'lttDinlti itml I'lirns /Kllt'ff H''/ Ih t'-^^ t,'-nto,y no. in \^Zt Z^ J^'T'T ''""VTI' •'"'"' ''''' ''"^ ^--.l.;nn.l into I'^"l postH at Lake St. Anne called bv 0., nil .. T " ', "' '"'"^ ^''^'"''^ aftemards.* They i:7;L., Lake Winnipeg; an.l i^oXtt^^t^JtS:^^ ^'-j-p-^ ^^ the Lake of the Wood/; irXZ:;;':' ^r^'-'-i*^ in his account ^i his dilveri'es '"^'^'^^"^^^^'^"' -'"«'' -'^ -f"-J to by Si. Alexander hdiiCimiinnii, -ii u • • i C:,:;;,*;,/ ..itorvl '' '"°'"'^' ':"' ^''" '■""-^'^ *"«'^«^ ^^-t the Umits of the Hudson's Bav Oo.nn^, ' . M,.r,„„,„„/v ''"'y ■'"•e a.s open to question now as they have ever been and ,1,... I " , °V ^""^ Company s ter- '•'""-• in the last century, (hey di.l not adyan Jfl,„ l ''" '''"*'^' "P"" *" ^'^'""« them - ---leHningthe'boundary uS" e^^^^^^^^^^^ "''/'^ ^''-" = -'^ that eyen when they 10 favourable for them, they 'lit Ion en ,°'f "."""'r ^'"^ treaty of Utrecht, at a period most bad been accepted b; FxL w i d ha'e ^ n '"^ --^ 1--"^ pretensions, and which, if it ^■ince of CanaSa. ' ^'^' "" '••''''"° P"''^^"" °f t'^*^ territory as a part of the Pro- Bay,':::" ^t':^::^-::;;'-^ :• r'Zt^ c ''^ ^""1^ t\ ^"''- '' '-'"' - ^"^° ""^-'« Rondlly, Messrs. Cn.ise, Holroy fs^ ett al Beir" w;fh f " °^"""^ "' ^'^^ ''^^^ «"• «-"-! ,,f,.,,i„f.,„.. P.-gott, Serj,^eant Spankie, Sir Vicary Gibbs Mr Ln T I ''^""'''"" ^''^^ •'*"' ^'•^f""- X!^^:^rt;. -iJ'^iy " '"^>' ^'-' '^^'^ ^--^-^ that it appears to he indispensable that tl o e Ini TrfeTs "n f" '^' "" ^'"'^ ^"^'^«"^>' ' ^^^ "«- da a.scertained, it is to Her MaiestVs Gov " , ?" k. ? . ""T'^. '" ■^"'t'^'' '"»^' ^I'e true limits of Cana. da a.scertained, it is to Her Majesty's Govern nnrZtlLp '"'""'' '""' ''"' ^'-"^ "'"'^'^^^ ^^'^^na- ^vi.Ion. are deen.d Htting or ^^eccLry to Z:':^^:^:^::: ^ :^: ''''' ''''' ^ '' '^^ Chief Justice Duaper to the Governor-Generai. Sm,-I have the honour to enclose for your F.coll ' ■ v ■^'"""'''' ^"' *^''^' ^®-5''- ^, , the subject of ascertaining the bounrar> hetXn cln T'' '' 'fT^'xr""' '°P'" '' ' -emorandun. on S'X--,,,, letter with which • that nremorandu.n '1 ^ ^0"^ ^^f ^K*^ ^^^^^-'^ Bay Territory, and of a havo.ngthe.di t^at^.^i:^::^:; the^^JJ^ ^ '''' ^ * In the evick.nco aivei. l,y tin, H,M.„ur.iI,!,7^i; — mT^m," _e^jauasons liay Company to 40 Chief .lusticf DraiKT totlie f!i)vcrii"r- General 4( tlicy claimed irds find into luiy had not irda* Tiiey tJio Woods ; ir Alexander inpany's tor- detino tlieni I Nvlieii tliey 10 period most \vlueli, if it of the Pro- to Hudson's Sir Sanuicl it degree to Sir Arthur mm, took a iture of the 20 doubt. By iwsippi, and jf England, :o run due vince is de- ard of the Provinces SO J Hudson's eiy where ral settle- t upon or mada can re derived and now ? of (y'ana- s as in its 40 857. nduni on and of a 1 easy to ipany to V^ork (nuw Winnipeg ide in that 19!) wLiTln ^"" '""' "•;'^^^^'^•['' ^'"'"'1-^'. --- not advanced or acted upon until after the North- J.nv. West Company-proceed.ng m the steps of the French before 17(i3-had a.ivanccd not o ly s fa aa '^■'--- vi/i . . ji,u,. Ciinnitidn n.nu[:p;:::.-:;;;fS;i;'^:~rd^^^^ -;tte. l.. been to press on Her M^e.ty's Ooveru- 'lEB' tl.is questionlf b'und hZ' :;';:,: .^"f f '"'^-^'-/n P—Hng the decision of. ;^-L., it will be found that by their ow^c^ tr e o,^^ i W ^''^ '1 '^'''''T "' T^''^''' ' '^Pr''*^''™^'' i^^'^'S:,- ' not 7,nw l,n l,n ... I + • • . , '^'""'""^^'""' '^f'^' Ijy "«'i u.cr and non claim, the Conipahv should /'".'/'•„,,,/„„„/, I, uie posuion ot seeking to biing the whole val d ty of the Charter into oiiP«f ion If "™i"'' to a c moie deMrou.s of seeing an arrangeu.ent etleeted-which, while :t will open for settle ent h ''"'' '""''• a consequence thai th y o^. , pj ■ t ea-e i ou rbH! " t ' 'T ^"'f ^°" ''^•^' "'-i"^' ^"'^' ^'^ n^.i -M ill- ", „ '" piLici ineie sliouUl be no (juestion raised (m the va iditv of the Clnrtor and will not be disposed to facilitate proceedings to bring such a question to trial ' ' to „nv''"" ' r\ 'r^'''/^"""« ^'>^t ^''""^'^" -'^^^W be placed at a disadvantage in becoming party to any ar vngement, while the extent of her own boundaries is unascertained, ff even the ^1^' Bay Cc>.npanys claim were sustained, the Province would be in no worse situation th . it is at pr nt n d the necessity of a change of .system and government as to the Red River settlement woul/norbe hminished while, if a large portion of territory between Lake Superior and the Lak of he Wool i leuito .> bung a pait of the consideration for her acceding to a compromise it woul.l put her on strnn^.r ground to dispute concessions in favour of the Hudson's Bay Company ^ ^ hopeJ r^irt ^si ::^' ''- '"'"-' -' ^ ''^'^ ^^ -^ '-^^^^^- ^^ ^'- ^^'" ^'-b. whid. i had I have the honour, etc., VVm. H. Drapi.r. Papeb RELAxn-E TO Canadian Boundaries, delivered bv Chief Justice Draper to the Housb of Commons (England) Co.MMiTTEK, May 28Tn lHr>7 * The 8th Artid« of th» Treaty of Uyswiek show, th,,t the F,-ei,d, at th.t ti,„e ,et no n claim ,.f " :f It..: "i""' ^''- "'°"«'- '""' *"■' "" "^""■'°™"-" '^' P»»» »f U'-l". >"^ 1 never ,:; th ,av.„g „,.l„rel, c„n.,dered hi, own right and the right of hi» ,„l,jVc,.. to the Iho b" Ld aju^ie^lu^^las^a^ Straits of Hudson, and to the'.sole trade^IILr • Report Select Committee House of Commons (Eng.) on the Hudson's Buy Comp^aii^, 1857, v^m. 30 200 Joint api'kniiix. Seo. iir. I'ajtafiiati mill Cirn.i- pmifldnt hfliriTii the Citlmiinl Si'i'niitrii itnil thi Hiulaiin'.-i Btiitl'umfirin/i^ liriiir til t'li ' xurrnulir nj ctaiiim. Chief .TuHtice J)r:iiM'i'"s \m- piT ri-'liitivc ti) the l!ay Coiii- aiid tiio.se 10 11,1,' only to lada ; tliat and tlieir 1(1 Straits, I'judlci' of rieil tliat d.son. lay witliin to adjoin- 20 Iiemselves alo of tlio sofoa-N. blie north- d latitude which be- ;!0 ir bounds with, for nd Cana- t of land .'ays their een York bother in 1 of July 40 y be the River t( iniary on " take to ;h refuse is or any rior and 1 strictly ace..ptod. the Fr.nch would hav^ Ld . . .'^^ ''*: ''"'"" "' '' " "^■''^"' l"'"'^"-' '"^•' '-^'n "--""• Kiver; the second appears to 2 ^'^ '' '^t '"'■ '''" "^^ I-'P'-^'- '^^'^ then. Moo^e «- '"• I I u.-, M) ii,i\e irn,.,i „], lltiperts I'uver. c>n„„i,„n ^^^^^^t:^l^nZ:':^Z^^ the H„d..n-. Bay Company proposed that S^ I'^rdrix, in the latitude of r,,,^ n.ri' ^ e, , ; 7 ■ ^''■'"''' 'T"." "' ■ritiiiu I'liil lie- Hii,lg„:i\i I'riiir III t',r' Kiirn iiltr rf tfief'"/ii/hini/*i IV.rdrix, in the latitude of :„s.'„„,tl, vl el I '"'■ ■ '"""'''"-'" " "'' in;,'tons Island, or Cap Freneh. on th,. coast of ].,bnul. 1 ^''-^-.''--'-'-y '- tl- l.mndary between the Knglish ami French River." That a lilm b ai. :ry mT: , "r '^ ^'^^ ''^^ ''t\ '"" ^"^'^ '^^''"""-" ""■ 10 same int. two parts, bevond which h," 'k ', ' " "" '"""' ^'''^' ^^^''^'-sin. dividing ti,e south. ' ^ ' " lucl. IMU t,,e |. u:neh were not to p,-i,s,s to the north, nor the En.rlish to the fornir jtopS^iorUiatiruri'akrili? f" ""'""""^ '' ^''*" ''•"'^^- -'''"'^ ^-^^helr latitude, and that ;,ch hd^ IK, ii^^^ '"" -"^''^-tward into 4:,^ north li.^h to the .south-of the i;lX . '"""• ""' '^"'' "'^' ^ '•^""''' '^'> ""' -'-■ to the north, or the Kng- been t:!;:!::;;,:,;:!'::;;;"'::,^;;^^^^^^ ^'-\7'"- ^--nder of t.. straits and Bay aforesaid has therein, and have n^thin o Z et , '"••'' n ""' "^ ""-''' '""'""• ^''"^ '^•"-' ^'-"P""y -l"i-od that since the conciusi! u, , '^l^.if ^ j^'!'^^';^ r'^' I'T'-' '"^ ^'^^ ''^■''" ^'^"^ -"'l''-'"'' 20 Albany River, upon which ve v e ', ,n ',' ,' . ' •""'''' ''"' "'"'^ '^ «^'ttlemert at the head of trade fron. comii., to tfis-i :•:.;',;" .r; '"'''? '] '"'''-'• r''^'-"'^ "'"'^- ■"^^■'•'^'■^'^ ^'"^ I-'-- therefore prop-osod and .lesire W , r '' '"'" ''" *'''''^^' '^ "°' •"•'''"■"^'■*'- 1* ''^ French frlLii;::X:;:^'i^l;X':^^^ or ,v.dendlino nK^ be drawn so as to exclude the unlessthisisdone,theCon.p:.,y':L r^i:^^^;^^^ trade preserved." This shows t ru tl„. c , .i , B.iy cannot be scciuo, or their I'™i»;.'.-.i..v «.». t... o,„t .. . ..„ .:z':v;x;z:^,:::z:-;;^::' -"■""^ ^"-^ '"'-'->■■ -^ hS'"° with tiK, c,„„,„i,,.i„„„,, ,f jrz,t ohriir »; ;" "■"■■•'"■f."","" "''°'r " »'">" '■« ««'«o,i „,,„„ 40 of t„. .„„i, „,„,. „„, i;;r;,:,;.;;;:;r : ;::^t:e : ':::::: :i;::T,";ir-"-v" "- -t-"-" ^^^ lung ,ou„d the same, comprised, as your memorialists conceive, iu the same i ii .(hint Ai'i'icNnix. Hocticm 11 T, Cdtuiih'tfn Jlttt'itmntt:*^ iinil Ciirnn- jtoiiilinec hftmtn tk*' Cohinial Strnfiiri/ innf till iltiit!^^1«°"'« B-y . , ,^7^!7? you particularly studied the titles under which the Hudson's Bay Company claim certain ^^ fights of soil, jurisdiction, and trade on this continent ? y l any ciaim ceitain • So,. Paper. Canada, 1857. Vol. xv. App. 17 ; Kepo.Iof Coa.nnttee, Ur. Ho. of Com,. ,' 1^857; pT^' 3( 40 d Hay, and lie lifrcat'tcr to\\ai-dH tlie d extending ; hut whore L liu on the >Ht limits of j;h pii)ltably (ISC tliu liiiu iiiiiis^ioiiL'is 10 lusion ; hut ininjj to the R IlrnsoN's the rights o pation, tlio i lionour to 20 lined three ustigation ; ;e hereunto rrnan. 30 r evidence Jge. That I the same 18-) 7. I reside in Ison's Bay im certain 40 >* Q._\Vil| you Stale to the (AHuniittce the result of your investigation ? 203 oppo^;;;^;'r::uh.in;;^i:S:uLr:;r "rif r^- ^ '-^-^ ^^-^ "-' '-^ -'"^'^ -> -- and a more extended re™", V "'"""•'-'' "'^■'' ""^'" ^''"^' ^''■'" ' -"''• ''^■V'to to it. ^^':^'- onlv tend to till up dot is ad tr/'. '"'T"'"? ''"''' '" "^"*'"^"'- ^ ^^■""^•''' ^'"^^ '^ --'<' """• "^• ^^^^.^^ .p .lct,uls, and .stu.n.ti.eu and con.irn. the renults of the investigation I liave already ''ZHZu. ttuU CurriS' txiiulence o'tween .imply ,,,,„tk.rH, the m,J,™rv .J ! '"•r,''"-^' ""-yi''™™" <"■ •-'■l«.»cy tl.c, ilu.y aro ;r,'C.t-. oth;., |iol i„ CumJa ' '"' ''''"''"■ '^''" •'''iW'i»i%-. or o„y „f their •'""^ ..tJ;::.?;:;:.'"""'"' ""■'""" ""■' "* " "■" """"^ ™ « ''-^'"'"■"■■" ">-"-«™ « „ai,.abic think :;:arth::"Le' it\r,r:, t"r °""'r""'' ""■ '° ""•" '"'"•""■" '^"■■■'— > "■"■ »• •■"> • ...»_t„„.r:;h:,-i:r;!s,r::r::i:z^^^^ .0 ™o,.t„.™ „„„,,.«.,„, h„'t it-„a, .:;ii: tt'.^;;;:; s; ■:■„;::, ::;;;:; :;:;:v;;,:',;i::;::" -' "°"^' - ° '^ t-' mittee of the ii.oMit;;c;::,Ht:',:z:*r'":i";£T,"t°" t-'-^'^-— re„h,.«tt..e f» ss- o„ .,,.1 1 • 1 1 • r, "^^ m.iiuiain— ami tliey industriously pu h s led and circulated M'lns nf if 1«07, witl. as .such, which, being copied into other Mans and G.>o.rnnl,i,...l .'. .i . T> <-' cuiau u Maps ot it, theevkieuoe became very general indeed ^c,ogiaplucal works, strengthened the delusion, till it -""xed. 40thel!:soni::^::::;n:TljtT'^"'"V''f T^^'^"' ^^^^^^^^^ ■-'^'^^ themselves amenable to Red Rivl "' ''"'^ "'^ "^^''^"^ ^"° ^''"^^^ ^--^^^-" - "- Banks of the Saskatchewan Tr title, n!t^^^l!;:;i:3o;u^:^^■''^ ^n ^^"^'^-"'^ ^^^y ^-p-^^ ding to th^r fictitious -li •Ff" 1 , 204 lit •ll'INT Ai'i'iiNnix. H.r. (If. ('nil, (ill, I II l> ti'Ulih llt.^^ mill I lima- fl'llulllll-C I.' In; t;;— „ '^'""^"^ " '"•- ' "^ '-^•. ••>■ tl....e whoso ,.i,hts th..v ha,h.H;.|:t::i ' " ''"" '""" ""^ """"• £;9- tf;;:;;;r;:-;:x;:r,;;:;':.'''''':''v '^i>- ^' "•-■ - ^-^ ^'- '^'-...an., .>.. u. i.„. 'n^-:::^., tn..,„.a,s ;. thi. ; ' :' :, I "; !;:'^^; ■"":'" "' ';- J'"'«-' ';v tho h.,aiN. C...L;!, «'-^ interests th,,- hav. a.lj.ili.aU.l ,,..,. c, , . „ ; ! I "'""•' "'• I'"'".^'""'. '"• wi"- Hglu. .. ing fnun the acts of f^.n .r ^ t^^ "^ '"'^ •-.., in a manner, a necessity result. fro,„ the -«.se,uences-.tl.'i c '.st .c rtb r ;'"'"'' .•'^'^\'\" '^"^ '"' ">''-"i^V to shieM then by the Governn'ent f<,r th.t pn', "" '' ^' ""' 'nv-t.gate.l. however, by a co,a,„i.sion appoint.-l tiu.ir'i:i:::';r,r' i:;;r;:i: :: " '"\;'"^ r •''.^^""^'^' "• "^^"^'^'"" ^^ ^'- '^-•^i vi..w of l-si.ation to state HHa'iact t at hriVnntr If'v L '''"T";* 'V" '^ '"''''''' "'' ''''•^' ^ ^"">'l l'-^- no tJ.eLV.npa„yVIN.rritorv In tt ct tl P Mr"'' "7 ^'"''"^ "*' ^I-'^''-' '"--t portions of i« just aistn-n, ,u.,i al, ilh. , ^ ^'^'\ ''"' '^"'r" ^-^'^^^'-^^n are not in the.r Territory ,^^^.„^^,,^^,_^ other, ..oes .,0^".. t.,e .:: \:t^rr:z';^;:T^^^^^^ ^^ "^ -- --• -- -\, ter- ""■- "f the Companies i.. ,s„ L,t .h!:: ^"^ "^ "tt'ld ^ u" ''""f- '' ^'-'^ ^'"'^ ^"'^'^ ^^" Hi.).sta,.thoritics.hos;;:i;^::t^^;i:rtr,;::;^^^^ 10. Jr :iir:;ri ti:'^sr r''';:i;;r"^"^ r"*-, ■ '- -"-^- "-=• possession nn.ler their clmrter l.nt ., t 'nvwi'- ' '"L '"' ""••^' "'^"^ '"'^ ■^"' "<- '^^ taking trading troa. Canada in virt e o 1 ^ 'o . l^ ''^ '" " 7'^ '"" '" '" ''^"'^ "^ ^'"'^'' ^'^-^ chart:r::::i;z;:,t\S:c:;:::.r7 '\'- ^-"--' ^"« ^^-^^' -nstmetion of the ;. u.e co.npany .h.n.h Ur,, s:.>.;rM;:;r;re;;: x:rrt::z:?MrT:";;f:;::f t ti 1814, by warning oft the Norili-W.wf C .„,. i ' " I'^i '-l- .'inil prai-ticallv about eveiil,: *' '^"' ' '""' ""■' »»ll»wing Instraclious in r«l„li„„ i„ ,!,„„ •• of th», p..i„,,, .„ i„. L„t :;;c;'u::::i' ;;;:\:,:r;^^^^^^^^^^ "'° """ "'"' * "■'■'■" >— ^ 30 lese 40 2( 30 40 i ^ 1 r iigriciiltiiro, r rwich, thoy iicoM limy 1)0 t lio inomlly 111 tho conise- .■ foiisfitulcii MiMho tlifir 10 issity reault- sliiulil tlinn n iifipoiiitid rai view of II 111 hiivo no poitions of ir Territory ni tlian the 20 lie icsult of y sinco the tioii of the eil ; f till in I widi tho itiies imiil as taking h sulijfctH ii'I not in 30 on of tJie (vas inado illy about , and tlio 'ere made banco tlie >any. iness the to these 49 ■ tradinsr on of by lossessed if'l/ hive lijcctn or hunt the •jwscn of vsonts to .50 203 •^.r,.M 1 ,H ". ''r: '-'TT"'' --^''--^-^ "*H^ nntual restoration ••'".■ia.l^intiltl,J ,' : :, ,:^;:V'V'''''' /^^^ ''■*■-•""• ' ^- •' -' -^-.urHowith the i ii„Mis ot the tw,. ( oiiip,ini<.,s .shall bo ,, ly ,st'ttlo(i .roiirr Api'RMiirx. ■ ,1,'ri'nt fiiir'^tion nt ^'''' •"■ Lord preten- Selki!-k'a!'.i:!V!l"' '"•"""- ^'Z^'"^'' ^'•"'^'-o allusion has rofi^ronce v.e.-e those in, tit., .olL':^ :c:i;;.i:;:;.r;;;r:;: :;:7::ri;;' ': '"'''-^r 'Tr^' ^"" "^" ■--' ■ --»- '•''•'ve.n..r;asthey ;ed I.ei i7 V -n '" "'"'^""'^ "'^' 1'""^^'" ^'-•■•" "^i"-'. i'-luiUn.' tl.t and were hehl in this ( 'i^ZnZXT' ^T- ^T '^ '"'"""^ "'"' '"^''' '''"'» >»i*l'-"-v"our.., all the parties on alltl ehai t 0-7 ' ^ !" ft" '"'' '""' "^"'^''"' '" ^'"^ -1'"^^'' "^ whieh. iioweve, they eon:;:;^:?'S:;\:;: :;^;;;r llir; ;f ^X"" "^" ^" "^ ''''- ^" These trials were held „„der ,ho Canada Jurisdiction Aet, (Hi (leo III c-m HS^ ).. .,.*) •, , a coniini.ssion from Lower Cnnn.ln 1,,.* *i, • ■ ,■ .■ . 'u.tap, I. y authority of rf:^-;;::z;;;;,BKrr^? tentu, ■mt- II f' 'fnniltf >■ 'lira and (" /iiihiin'f t^ nil ^iiitfHinit, '•'■'I- t> thr ' » n'n n,li7, with tl.o uvidonco aiirexed. famith.Lnder-Slieriirortlie then Western District, obtained 1 ioiee, for resisting him in the kiidwich in 181G, and resistance ;ained also to a warrant ior his Lord aliip s arrest. m Joint ApricNMix. H.'TTtl. <'iini tlu! Wf.t.'rii 'IVrritoriOs ; but I liavo imt yet boon aid.) t.) traitu up tlie ro^nlt of this casf, ami no iloiiM iiiui;!i valuabl.) itiforiimtioii coiiM bf obtaiiiud by .soin,. one baviii^' ni.trc tiiiU! tluin I lia\e bad to bunt up llio records of tlioao prooi:i'iliii;;s. Tliti btltir trials, I btdiove, were in tbo ordinary courstf of prouudurc of Upper Camulii, and not uiulor tbo Special Act for tUv In.li.m Territorios, kc, and the |troco(!din;,'M takon extended to trannactions which occurrt'd far within the teriitorit^s .Irained by waters di.s(;harj,'ini( into Like Winnipeg. 10 Havin;,' sbewn the viows of tlit3 .Judicial authorities of Upper Canada, I woul 1 advorl for a moment to those of l^ower C'lmada. In May, 1>S1.S, ( burleH Do Heinhard w, is tried at Qm-boc for murder committed in ISIC ,.n the River WmnipcM;, under the Canndii Jmisdiction Act. I'lxccption was taken to the .lurisdiction of the Court on tlie j,n'ounil that the locality was not in the Indian Territory, but within tlie limits of Upper Carmda. The C'ouri. overruled the objection and decided that the westerly boundary of U|)per Canada was a line ..n the meridian of .SS*^" ."t)' we-t longitude from l.ond.m. I hardly think that any surveyor, geographer or delineator ui boundaries of any exiierienco or scienlitie altainjiients would concur in that declHion. The ipiestion would bo too long, however, to discuss now, and I shall only say that it was basod on 20 the assumption that, of tho territory previously belonging to, and aei|uired troni France in 17(i.S, only a part was organized as the Province of C^uebec, and that the two I'rovinces of tJanada, after tbo division, wore conlined to the isamo limits provuled tor the former by the Act of 1774. Tbo Court, tho Attorney- General and the Counsel for tho prisoner, alike eoncnrre.l in the faet that the River Winnipeg was a part of the country previously belonging to France and ceih'd by the treaty of I'aris in 17li:i, and at no stage of tho proceedings was the (juestion of il;s being a part of the Hudson's Bay Company's Territories for one moment ontortaiiu'd. Do Reiidiard was found guilty and sentenced to death, but akbough tho Court refused to ro-considor its decision, yet tho reasoning of Messrs. Stewart and Valli.'ro was so clear, that the Judges deemed it expedient that the execution should be delayed till the j," have placed that coinitry nnder the Government of Canada. It was merely denied tliat he did so, not a.sserted that he could not. The coiuisel for tho prisoner did not cCnniJln"Sl? ''^'""''" ^^ ''°""' "I"'" ^^'"^ Comudssions of the Governors, or they would have found tliat there had been such an ''At of Soi-crchj„ Aathnrihi;' y Lor.l ii tilt) on of tlie 1 of IJpjH^r 1)1' Canada surveyor, concur in i bnsod on 20 '•), only a J division, Attornuy- )og was a tnd txt no ruri'ituries cfuMcd to lio Judi^o.s vfi iinii "it 30 it I knovy was tliut )f Messrs. y its own ivoii was of Pariia- losHession could, by 40 It was r did not )und that )in<,' that , and the y limit of lie shores therefore viz ; th*' 50 10 207 On thi-i head I must advert lo ..no other uiitliority whiih is of the hi;i,dii'st iiiiportanc! at thin Joint moment, whun tro..pH are about to be m-nt to the ll.sd lliver, and wlio, if th.y carry «iili them the '^'■';^"""'- eiToii. oii» vi. ws which, of hite years, hiVe been with Homo sitecow* impnHed upon the |iublie by the /•«■"'■ nsHiduouspioi.iul;,'alion..f the Company, may unfortunately bo jdaccd in a position of anta-oiiism to''Z'n',Zt>, the civil power. '1 hero wvru in.h.ed some iioops there not v^^yy many years a,.., and n., Mieh evils, a.n "^i^UnUr" mi^lit be apprehended now, resulted; but the eircuiimtancvs are clian>,'ed ; the scones of an earlier f;'7,™,„„, piriod may eoieu buek if the att.in- '.■■ made, wholly iiUMihtniii. d by law, to repress a le;,'^! rii,dit. If s.',',ri!!'r''!j'",,a such should be the case, it would b, tudortunate if Her Majesty's soldiers were found on li J wrong t"uln side, aetinga-aint law. for tho subject i,, now being ho well dwas-^ed ih;if the p.^ople will know their iwV'«J^'' lights, and wil appeal to the h'gal tribunals iiiul the eivd power, of the State to Hii,iaiii them. Deiter »'"•,'•;'"'''•••/, that imlitar.v rule prevailed entirely, for then the otlieers would know their duties and their rc.poii.-,!- <''""""■_ bilities. If uiey go under tbo impression that they are to bo subject to the supposed civil otHcbrM of a self-constil aed »lovernm('nt whieli has no legal e.xisteiice, they may tin! themselves called upon to enforce behests which are not law, whieh are infractions of law; they may be calle'■»•., decisive that no one can mistake their purport. They were as follows : •'W AoJiriMNT Genkual'h Offick, Quel ec, 17lh April, IhKI. Sm:— The Kaul of Srcr.KiUK having represented to the AnMI^•I.^TltAT()K in Chikf, and (Command- ing General of the Forces that he has reason to apprehend that attempts may be made u|ion liis lif^', in the course of the journey through tlie Indian country wliieh he is about to undertake, His Excellency has in eonse.pience, been pleaseil to grant his Lordship a Military Guard for his personal protection against assassination. This party, which is to consist of two Serjeants an", with thn iividinco aiiiii'Xi'd. I 4 208 Joist api'kndix. These instructions are to be clearly exphiine.l to the non-commissioncl officers and men in your party. •' I liave the honour, to be, Sir, Vour most (il)e(lient, humble servant, (Signed,) J. HARVEY, Lt. Col, D. A. G. Sec. HI. CaiKiUiiin Dooununta, and t'orrct- fi'tu'cin th- i'olonial Sifntarii and th, Hudmns Lieutenant GrafTenrieJ 1 Ixllt I 0111/1(11)1/ f, ,, M. prior u, Ike ' JJo Mi'urou H lieiaiiient. I anrreiulir af /A, ro,«^„/. [Tlie italies and capitals are the .same as in the original.] This is another emphatic declaration that the Govern.nent held the Hudson Bay Company and the 10 OvnadnuUi-aders as posse.s.sed of e Red ]/iver and sLa divan to ranee, and the line aid down from British authorities is from those least tavora^i^^^ .,:1wh pretensions of that period. All the country .south of that line is of course what w^s ■..! b,- v- as Canada, in 17o;i, and was in her undisputed possesion up to that time. There was never any l|> n in your A.G. ly and the 10 nut to bo lumber of led along » in legal countries t will be 11 ignored 20 would be iiini it as ained by ueh, have I merely gittion of sioner of ni in the 3() r certain or many iy; if so ay, for I , ciiaiter I find fore the irandum 40 indaries ere not I !♦}• Mr. cliewan French Fi mce, ^er aay 20n westerly limit assigned to Canada either before or since the Treaty of Paris. The French elain.ed to the Pacfic hough hey never explored the whole way acro.ss, which, however, the Canadians (Briti.sh and irench) were the first to effect after the Treaty. T^«v f °:"^.f f '^^.'^"^''""tJes of a more recent date claimed under the Treaty of Utrecht from Hudson's Bay to latitude 4i) as having been so determined by Commissioners ; but no such decision was ever c-i ven I have searched every book I could find upon the subject, an.l have communicated with thos " who" have searched the best libraries of France and England with the same object, but no authority can be found for such a boundary. • * » "' j i. m ue 10 The Governor of the Hudson's Bay Company to the Colonial Secretary.* Hudson's Bay House. ISth July, 18.57. Sir— I have the honour to acknowledge the receipt of your letter of the 15th instant communi- cating a passage from the statement you have received from the Law Officers of the Crown, in reference to the question of the geographical extent of the territory granted by the Charter of the Hudson's Bxy Company, and suggesting that such question might with great utility, as between the Couipanv and Canada, bo made the subject of a quad judicial enquiry, and desiring to be informed whetlier I think It probable that the Hudson's Bay Company would consent to appear before the Judicial Committee of the Privy Council, in the manner and for the purpose suggested. I have .submitted this communication to my colleagues, the Directors of the Hudson's Bay Company and as we are desirous to throw no obstacle in the way of settlement of the doubts that have bec^' 20 raised by the people of Canada, as to the o.vtent of the territory to which the Company are entitl...! under their Charter, we shall be prepared to recommend to our shareholders to concur in the course suggested. At the same time, you will not fail to see that other interests than those of the Company may be involved in the enquiry, as there are many persons, not now members of the Company who have acciuired by grants from the Company, or otherwise, a title to large portions of the land in question. Assuming, however, that the object of the proposed eiKpiiry is to obtain for Canada land fit for cultivation, and the establishment of agricultural settlers, I would observe, that the Directors are alivulv prepared to recommend to the shareholders of the Company to cede any lands which may be required for that purpose. The terms of such cessions would be a matter of no difiiculty between Her Maiestv'.s 30 Government and the Company. •' ' The Board, having in view the present condition of the enquiry before the Committee of the House of Commons, an.i the agitation which prevails on the question in Canada, are desirous of availin.^ them selve of llic opportunity your letter attbrds, to state clearly, for your information, the principles which will guide them in their future proceedings. The board will be ready to bow to any decision which Her Majesty's Government may consider it for the public interests to take with regard to the maintenance or abolition of the exceptional ri..ht3 and trade of the Hud.son's Bay Company, relying confidently on the justice of Her Jlajesty's Govern ment and of Parliament, for just compensation to the present stockhol.lers, and a duo consideration of the claims of their factors, traders, and servants in the Indian country, if the time shall have arrived in 40 the opinion of Her Majesty's Government for the abolition of the monopoly. The present holders of the capital of the Company, 274 in number, are of the usual class of persona holding stock in other chartered companies, who have invested their money on the faith of the Company's Charter, and in confidence of the perinanent character of their rights and property and are in general indifferent to any other question in the present discussion than the security of th^ir -r.iti! and dividends. ^ ' Joint Ari'KNiiix. Sec. III. Ctiiiailiiiii J>'tcamrntSf and (forrt's- pimilencc txtin'in the ('ulimial Sfcffliirti and thi' Ifnilxnii'a Ji(tf/('iuui>tini/, lii-inr to the sit rnmlcr of thcCiiinpaivfs eldiiiiK, Iliulsim's Bay (-'"iii|iiuiy, Camilla, to ('iili)iiial Secretary, IS July, 1857. ft 27 ' Sesfl. Papers, Canada, 1869, Vol. 17, No. 7. 1 ! .Toixr Al'l'KNDIX. Hvc. iir. nnti Ciirrts- IKiiiJniCf hit went thr I'ltltniial tifnluni inij 210 :f.^ n . . .■ r' r .^:"""'"r "■ "" -'"l'ti---ttl--ntor thoco„nt,.ycoul.l won .cc.nu., u.to Hlect without tlinr w.ll.n. cooperation and assistance, tl>eir ju.st claims must be consuKre.l m any new arrangements to ho submittci to Piulia.nent. . .^. Poeuha an.l the future con,luct n.n.st he guide,! hy the disposition of Her Majesty's Governn.ent to Z,i^!Z;, «"P1'°'-^ f-" -/'- ^"tu- u.i,ninistration of their affairs. They have been rewlrdi so far sin tl e F"''-^ Z:dnot:i """';;''•'';"' ff:''-\^-^r>-^^-' '»• thesucce^of theiradminlllirZ,; ^l^r-'' i"" ' ? ; ''"'^ ••^' *'" 7f 1 "^ ''-• ^-^''^ l'»t by the condition in which they will leave, if t ,ey _ non .etne, the government of the whole Indian Territories entrusted to their ca^e, as well a by the IQ expr^ess approbation ot every succeeding Secretary of State for the Colonics for thc^ last thirty.seven tories^ whic? w 'n ^r"T' ""^' ""\°"'^' """"^ '" ""'^"'^^^'"^ ^'^- ^'"'"'-^ ^'^^^'•^'^ "f *'- r-"-" Terri- supp 'rt W r r "T " ."'"" """ '" *'" """"^' ^'^" *^'" ^'''-^-' «» ^'-' f-th of being tirmly r ^- ?•''! ^' t,overnn,ent m maintaining their present establishments in full efficiency witho t f" T7'T ]• "\""'^"-,"':''"''^"' *° '''^'' "P"" '-^ "^-- --1 '•'"•tl-r tern, of their adndnistration tTat I HI '1 "fZT ^"P'"^'^^^-"■-- «t' tl-t -rpo't. The Directors have always considered "ct;'!'n."tT e H , n R P -as sanctioned by the Government and the Legislature, and the monopoly of CoiurPs™.^^''^ "»^'«'>n« Bay Con.pany then re-established and extended, quite a.s much, if not more as the best ..... instrmnent the Government could en.ploy for the aduunistratiln. security. ..d peace of tL imlian 20 count.j, as for the adva.itage of the parties whose interests were united by that settlement. These parties and the.se interests have been long since replaced by others, and are now represented by the present holders of the stock of the Company. ^ We do not consider any further legislative inea-sures neces.sary at present for the government of the Indian lerntories. The powers under the Charter have hitherto proved sufficient for the ordinary purposes of administration, and the Government have full powers, uiuler the Act of 1821, to api.oint Justices and establish Courts, independent of the Company, when and where thoy shall think it expedient. All the new establishments of this description will create expense, which mu.st be paid by this amntry or by Canada, as neither the Red J!iver Settlement nor the Indian country have taxable means for the imrposo. "^ 30 \\ e beg to be allowed to add the expression of our opinion, that in whatever arrangements which may now be made for the ii.ture government of the country, any mixed authority or combination of agents appointed to act with those of the Company will only weaken an administration which it is essential to strengthen in the present state of alfairs. No competent persons would be found to abandon civilized life to accept such situations, with such salary as will be foun,l reasonable; and if they could be found, the probability is that the want of sufficient occupation will soon engage them in antagonistic '°" *'"^t- coi^ficling in your integrity, jud-mient and enerc^v oft le Gove I n; 1. ' , " ? '' '"'""" ^'''''' ^^'-^^'"'^^ '^' "'^ ^-^'1-^^ ^^e Adn.inistrator 1(, to be .strthe" ' ""' '° '^^^'""' ^"" ^" ^'^^ ^'"'^^" ^'-'=^-" -'i -"t-l «f «- I-ty about The party organized consi.>^ts of the following: Mr. Gladn.an, Chief Director a.id Controller" f the expedition, and his assistant. Professor Hind, Geologist and Naturalist, and his a.ssistant assislsS:ha^;:;;r' '"''' '" ^^^^^'^'" ^-^ ^^'^'"'"^-^ ^-^ ^^- ^™"' «--^-- -^^ ^^^« P.nn.t't'' •'"'"' ^°>'''^°7"'-^ "'• <^^^n>^"-non as in y.^n- jn.lgment may be necessary, the probable number of hTwL'rcf '^^. .'"'•• ;f'' '^".-- -.-=-- '" -ch; such men to £ selected witl at: to '' between SrsL""'"' "Vi" ri''^'''?' '^ '" '""^'^'^ " *''"'°"^'^^ examination of the tract of country b ween Lake Superior and Red R.ver, by which may be deternuned the best route for opening a facile to the gieat t: acts of cultivable land beyon.l them. With this view the following suggestions are offered for your guidance, so far as you will find th.m practicable, and supported by the toiCa^ cano. rot'e bv if"' '"'l'' ''7 '"f '' '"' ''^"''""' *« P''^^^^'' ^'>^ ^'^ P--"^ Hudson's Bay ano loute-by kamimstiquia River, Dog Luke, Lake of the Thousand Island.s, etc.-to Lac la Croix RiverrLtCr ' '' '"' '"'''-' '''''''''' ''''- '' ^^'^ ''''^'''''' ^^' "P ^^ From Rainy Lake to Like Winnipeg, the route as at present affords a good navi-^ation for boats of 30 ons.ch.rab.e size, with the interruption, however, of some short portages: but from Rai^y Lake eastvU the .tat :'","'■ 7 'T '^ '''' """'' '"^"•'•"'^^^^'' ^"^^ .•endered laborious, tedious aLl expeliv "y al sT.d ."Zs inl'° '""■ "T °' r'^'^^'f' '^"^'^''' ^^^^''^'^ ''^^^ '^ ^« — ^-^'l to avoid the la.Hs and i.ipids in the ravines and crocks which this route follows. For the establishnient of a .suitable communication for the important objects aimed at, it is believed O^a the construction of a road throughout, from some point on Lake Snpe ipr, probably eithr a iVt William or at or near tne mouth of the Pigeon River to Rainy Lake, must'be-und^rtaken' T a.sce.ta n therefore, at present by general exploration, what the route for this road should be whe 1,7 n t"e rZT: ettf" "h ^;^p.-"^^^'-- ^3- ".0 line of country in which lies the chain 'oTt.sfr^ .. bv7 ri- f ^''"" ^^""■' ''"'^ '1"^^"'^'^ ^^" °^^''«"«ly be only satisfactorily determined 40 by the diflicul portions ot both being tested instrumentally ; but in either else, as the const •ucZno such road would be a matter of time an,l much expen.se, it is considered necessar; that the por a 'e etc of 1 her of the routes above described .should be improved, so as to be made more available and a le' and to be auxiliary to the wo.ks of the road by facilitating the transport of men. supplies, etc To determine, therefore, the portages to be improved, and the best mode of doin. «„ and whether the presen reaches of canoe or boat navigation may not be further extended bv the'ren ov J hoa :.^;i::t: c^l tf ;: ti;. "'■" " "''" '- -'' '-' '- ^^^-^'- ^^ ^^- -^-^^^^ From Rainy Lake, by Lake of the Woods ami L.ke Winnipeg, to Fort Oarrv. as before d..cnl.d iliw_eompaim^^^ and shoul.l the character of Joint Al'l'KNIUX. Sec. III. Canadian liftcHiiientSt and Cvn'ca- pmdeiice between the Colonial tiecretarij and the liadmn^s liaijCutnfxint/y liriiir to the fiirrendir of the Companif^s claims, IiiHtruetionH re«pecting explorations by Caiiiwia, we.«t of Lake SujH^rior, 2l.'oil .July. 212 (mi i I! Joint api'kxdix. Sec. HI. Canailitin Dociimc/Un, and Corrcii- pondencv bcUct'cn the ('i)toniaf Instructions r('8|i('ctiii(f ex|)loraticin3 l>y Caiiiula 1857. Rat R.ver, which rises at no groat distance from the Lake of the Woods, and falls into the Red River above tort Garry, be found susce|.tiblc of its being made a boat channel, a saving pr.,bably of loO miles in It-ngth might be eflecte.l ; or on an exploration of the country through which that river flows, it may be ound more desirable to construct a road along it from Red River; and shouM this be so. the nature of the communication between Red River and Lake Superior, eventually, would be about 100 miles of Scerc.nr I '' f 1 , '"' ^"^ ^''^'' ""^ '''' ^^°'''^'' ^^"""^ '^''"'"^ ^^^ ""^"^^ ^^ ^^^t«'' Communication to the thcHwiJ,"!, eastern end ot Kainy Lake, and from that point a continuous road to Lake Superior of from 160 to 200 Bui/CiimiKiii;/, iiiiles in length. ]>rior to the ZZ:!;:< ^ ^^'''^" 3-o» shall have reached Rainy Lake by the Hudson's Bay canoe or northern route, it is left Cai,.^ to your discretion whether you should or not leave the engineering party with sufficient force to return 10 and explore back to Lake Superior, the Southern or Pigeon River route, while you proceed with the surveying party by Lake Winnipeg to Red River, and return by Rat River. All the members of the party, with the exception of the Geologist and his assistant, are, it is under- stood, to winter on the expedition if required. The expediency of adopting that course can only be determined by you some time hence; but should you decide upon so doing you will, of course take due precautions for the safety and comfort of the party, and for their effective and profitable employment. ' As director and leader of the party, you will govern all matters whatsoever connected with the conducting and provisioning of it-the hiring, discharging and payment of men. The lines to be exp ored, and the water examinations to be made will be determined by you. on consultation with the 20 gentlemen conducting the engineering and surveying branches. You will also decide the times and places for separating the party or parties, and for their re-union. The Engineer and Surveyor have wctof r.Uo • ;"''7"'^''V° ■; ^''" '''^ "'" as^i^t'-^-ee in their power, and have been informed that they are to s..,k'| J:^'" ^°"«'.'1«^- themselves un.ler your guidance and direction. Any occasional additional assistance they may 2,nd July, require will be obtained through you, as well as all necessaries whatever ; but the comluctin^ of their immediate professional duties will, of course, be regulated by themselves. At the very outset, it is important tliat you should regulate the number of fire-arms that you may consider it necessary to take, which it is believed .should not exceed six-one with the Director, tfne with the beologut, two with the Engineer, and two with the Surveyor. You will adopt, also, full precautions against any spirits, etc., of any description being carried, except what shall be under 30 your own sole charge an.l control, and such as you may consider necessary to have in case of illness. With regard to the procuring of canoes, camp equipage, medicine, etc., etc., for the expedition, it is not considered necessary, from your experience in such matters, to offer any suggestion further than to draw your attention to some Crimean rations of presse.l vegetables, now in the commissariat store which occupy but httle space, and a small portion of which makes in a short time excellent soup. In Older i.nher to give effect to your control and authority, a commission of magistracy will be conferred upon you. "^ About the time of your reaching Rainy Lake, or at such period as you may deem proper, you will send a mes.-engcr with despatches, reporting upon your progress, etc., etc., and whethei you find it necessary or desirable to winter in the territory, etc. Finally, 3.,u will impress on each member of your party that no communications or information whatsoever, with regard to Uie progress or results of the expedition, are to be transmitted, by writing or otherwLso, except to the Honourable Provincial .Secretary. and It ^'?;f '";;"^ ''^'''^ °^ '\' ^^^^^fgi'^^- E'^Sineer, and Surveyor, you will enclose with your own, and transmit by the messenger above adverted to. r^^r JZou!V)^ F.-ompto,.ily require that the weight of all personal effects taken by each of the partj, including that of the bag or leathern valise containing them, shall not exceed ninety pounds. E. Parent, adman. E«nni,.. Asai.tant Provmciai Secretary. iige , Esquire Port Hope, U. C. 50 101 20 30 40 i 21.3 led River 1")() miles it may bo nature of [) miles of ion to the 60 to 200 , it is left to return 10 with the is undcr- 1 only be f course irofitable with the es to be with the 20 imcs and yov have iy are to liey may ■ of their rou may 3tor, (Jtie ilso, full e under 30 ness. ion, it is than to iat store P- will be ron will find it ■10 rmation writing ur own, 1 of the ds. ^ 50 [Here follow special instructions to Professor Hind, Mr. Napier, and Mr. Dawson, respectively, Joint , Appendix, together with voluminous reports showing that the objects of tlio expedition hud bocn successfully _ 1_ attained. The papers also show that the exDlorations were continued and extended in the following ,, ' ''';■. ' ' ' " Canadian year under Messrs. Hind and Dawson. See Sessional Papers, LSuH, Vol. IG, No. 3. See also the letters DocumciUf, to and from Sir Geo. Simpson, j'ost, under dates 14th and 2;jrd April, 1858, respectively.] ponUencc bHwtcn the Vutonial Si'cretari/ and the Hudmm'a Final Report of Chief Justice Draper respectino his Mission to England, 1857.* llrfurZ'th""' »urrin(ier of To Hid Excellency the Rinkt Honourable Sir Edmund Walker Head, Baronet, Governor-General, etc. thi-Company's '^ ' ' • chums. The following report is respectfully added to the various despatches and communications heretofore Ki„;iil{7i)r,rt written by me on the subject of my mi.ssion to England, liaving been drawn up in the hope of pre- tfc^K"^ |J,"'' lOsenting a connected statement of the proceedings — while for elucidation and fuller details, I beg per- l>^7. mission to refer Your E.\.cellency to all that has been previously submitted by me. The instructions of the 20th February, 1857, with which I was Honoured, referred to the leading subjects which subse(iuently engaged attention ; among them are the following : The duty of attending on the Parliamentary Committee, of watching over the interests of Canada by correcting erroneous impressions, and by bringing forward any claims of a legal or equitable kind which the Province might pos.sess on account of its territorial position or past histoiy. This duty was limited by an expre.ss restriction to conclude no negotiations and assent to no definite plan of settlement affecting Canada, without reporting the particulars of the same, and the views entertained by me thereon. 20 The expediency of marking out the limits between the British possessions and the United States, was strongly pointed out, from the importance of .■•'ecuring the North-West territory against sudden and uniiuthorized intrusion, as well as of protecting the frontier of the lands above Lake Superior, and about the Red River, and thence to the Pacific, so as effectually to secure them against violent seizure, and irregular settlement, until the advancing tide of immigration from Canada and the United Kingdom might fairly flow into them, and occupy them as subjects of the Queen, and on behalf of the British Empire. That any renewal of a license of occupation (if determined on at all) or any recognition of rights in th'" Hudson's Bay Company should be guarded by such stipulations as would prevent interference ou their part with the fair and legitimate occupation of tracts adapted for settlement. 30 The importance of Vancouver's Island, as the key to all British North America on the side of the Pacific, was alluded to as being too self-evident to require any advocacy. I lost no time after the receipt of those instructions in setting off for Europe. On my arrival in London, on the afternoon of the J)th of March, I found that, owing to the vote on the Chinese war, Parliament was about to be dissolved, and that the Committee on the Hudson's Bay affairs and territory had held its last sitting on that day, and would merely report the evidence they had taken, the enquiry being incomplete and insufficient as the foundation of any report. I certainly felt great momentary dissappointment since I saw that my stay in London would be thereby greatly prolonged. But a little reflection, and some information which I obtained as to the course the enquiry had taken, soon brought me to view the delay as likely to be an advantage, by 40 affording time that might be put to a very profitable use. My first interview with the Right Honourable the Secretory of State for the Colonies gave no reason to apprehend any indisposition on his part to take a just view of the interests of Canada in the matter. His language, though general, was favourable and I thought I could safely infer that any obstacles that might arise would not originate with him, however he might be affected by pressure and urgency from other quarters. Se»8. Tapers, Canada, 1858, Vol- 16, No. 3. .4^iti^j^S4^ t 214 Wm Joi> APPKX Enquiries in other places, together with perusal of the evidence taken before the nnriimr iit.i, it nil f 'urrrs- juillilciirc t'lti/rrn thf i'uliiniiil Si^cnfuri/ and , ~..^ Committee ... _„„,..„.,, ^,r,„n^„,y communicated to me), led mo to the conch.sion that the ofilv party os„ous of n.a„.taiu.n,, th,.,,s in their present position was the Hudson's Bay Con.pany tll.h a, ^ t ^vould be n.o.t wise to adopt m the future government of that portion of British territory. M. «„.;„,„■„• HudsWs^'?; (''f "'""^°"' "P^'"'"' *" ^' '' "'^' '''P' ^'"^ '^ ^'-^ t« '"-t the resistance which the frr;;'""' , ■ • T'^ T' "''P"""- *° '^"y-^^'ange. Tim resistance took, as I thoucdit two forn.s- :,;:,:;;/;",;, ""■.'•-•%' ,^-noraiy on the rights clain.ed under their charter fron. Charles II. ■ the otl i more , a" tic .,,;,.,„„. ularly directed agauist the claims of this Province, by s,.ttin. up an alleged impel biiyaTsJ Trom b ., V ,: '" ^y '"' ''^•'"'""'^t'on of the foundation on which they relied the second , u leavounn, to obtain more accurate knowledge of the formation and accessibiHty of he .01"' si:;ilt;;;S;^a::: ^"^^"-^ ^-^y-' ^^^^-^^-^-^ -y «-l arrangeLts unUl th^ „n.l Iw'f r^'TT °l^''°T '^"'•'■f P°"'^«"«« ^^1"«^ took place, in 1850, bearing upon the first of these points and that the ite Sir John Jervis (afterwards Chief Justice of the Court of Comnion Pleasrand st John Romilly (now Master of the Rolls) had reported their opinicm that " bavin. reZ t^ 1 e t! u. respect of territory, tra.le, taxation, and .overnnient, claimed by the Hudson's C Commnr' the ^■... .- n h th n advic hat the questions should be referred to a competent legal tribun 1 for considera on 20 o t rZ;rn t^l ^^'^':f '^'^ "- f :''f^> ^;-'-ttee of the Privy Council as the tribunal best fittd '' or the discussion ot f. use. Her Majesty's Government adopted the advice, but, as they refused to ha^ e the proceedings earned on at the public expense, the matter was then dropped. - Impressed with the idea that a similar reference would receive the approval of the Government and hat It wa.s on every account d.3sirable that the validity of these claims'should be suh.nittcTto the test of judical investigation, I applied for and obtained leave to make searches amon<^ tl e llli! documents and State papers, where I hoped I should obtain some inform^ti n rts ecZ 'th oiS granting of the Charter, as well a. some reliable account of the construction put upon itin tmes w len no s,.ch .piestions had arisen as now presented theuKselves. Several points witlf r.spe t to th I^d sous Bay Con,panys rights and claims, on which doubts had been suggested, nnght p^ly be elLcl 30 dated by this enquiry, and materials might be found to narrow the prrt^nsions set up^ them. But Mdiile engaging in this research, which proved much more long and laborious than I at first suppose I te It 1 my duty, at an early date after my arrival in London! and as soon indeed as ad ion of Youi I^cellency such views as up to that time impres.sed themselves on my mind on the sub- ject^m order that Your Excellency in Council might be in u situation to exercise your Judgment ui^l The enquiry before the Committee had taken a much wider range than fell within the limit of my instructioi.s. but the information elicited in regard to the Indians, and the trade carried on by thm ^•ith the Hudson's Bay Company, had a very important though a collateral bearing upon the pres wa 40 T 1 H " '? t r^^ T'r ■'"' "" ""'"- '^"' government of. the North- W^st Territory n my despatch of the 20th March. I pointed out the course which the evidence bad so far taken ^ wel laa some of the views and reflections to which it was calculated to give rise. There seemed to be an almost settled conclusion that a change had become necessary- that the Hu son s Bay Company could not be permitted to maintain a territorial monopoly for their ownLne fit. to the exclusion of the rest of the Q.ieen's subjects from the occupation and Jultivation of such lands as were fitted for agricultural purposes ; and with regard to Vancouver's Island, its value in a politica point o view, seemed .so well understood, that there appeared no room fo. d.-ant that it wide J- -5 inexpedient to sutler it to continue in the hands and under the control of that corporattn ' • 10 Committee of)ly piirty hough as [ urse which i wiiich the vo forms — lore [lartic- ising from jy Canada, jq the second lie country until thia lese points, is) and Sir ,he powers pany," the i.-* oj)inion .sideration 20 best fitted •efused to mont, and 3d to the he public 3 original tnes wlien the Ilud- be eluci- 30 1. I at first as 1 had onsidera- the sub- ent upon lit of my by them jre;;erva- 40 . In my 3 well as that the vn bene- ch lands political deemed As to the mainland, I gathered that the impression entertained by Her Majesty's Government was in favour of placing such portion of it as was fitted f„r settlement, to the west of the Rocky Mountains under the control of the Clonial Uoveriunent proposud to be established at Vancouver's Island .hile' as to such portion of \l similarly fitted for settlement as lay to the eastward of that mountainous chain' there ^ms a readiness to meet the views of Canada-by placing it under the control of the Government ot this 1 rovince, if the practicability of opening communication between Lake Superior and Rod River and so to connect tliis more distant territory with Canada, under one general Administration were established, also subject to the rights (wliatover thoy were) of the Hudson's liay Cumpany-and'to an adjustment ot compensation for that which it might be found necessary to take from them. ^^ , /It^ious'ic.nflicting opinions existed as to the mode in which the settlement and a.lministration of affairs in this territory should be efTected, the prevalent, as I have already stated, wiw in f.ivour of an entire change of system, and I could anticipate an en.juiry whether Canada would be disposed at onco to assume the charge of settling and governing and (except as to foreign aggression) of maintainin-r peace in the territory indicated, accepting the burden of adjusting such claims as might appear on enquiry to he well founded, and if not, what other arrangements would be suggested in contemplation of its ultimate cession to her. _ I endeavoured to point out to Your Excellency, in my despatch of the 27th March, the question which I deemed of the most prominent importance, and 1 discussed therein, at some length, some of the leading considerations involved in them, and 1 submitted such conclusions as (so far as I could then 20 perceive) I thought it would be for the interests of the Province to arrive at. As to the validitv of the claims of the Hudson Bay Company under their charter, I assumed the Government at hom'e enter- tained the same views as to the propriety of a reference to the Judicial Committee of tlie Privy Coun- cil as had been expressed in 1850. T 1 i^r'"r ^I'*" ''"'"^"' °^ ^^''^ '^'''"'' °^ Tarliament, and from the dissolution until after the elections 1 had but bftle opportunity of communicating with any of the authorities on these points. I took' however, i • earliest convenient occasion to ascertain, as well at the Colonial Gllice as elsewhere what opinions prevailed with regard to them, and was surprised and disappointed to find that doubts had been suggested and difiiculties raised to following out the course previously su.-ested bv the law advi- sers of the Crown, and sanctioned by Earl Grey. It was intimated to me, that possibly the Judicial .JU ( oininittee might decline pronouncing any opinion upon the validity of tlie claims of the Company when no parties were before them, whose right would be bound by tlidr decision, and tliat it was more fittmg the judgment .should be given in a ease where the rights of parties were jn actual dispute upon which their decision would be strictly judicial and binding. I could perceive plainly that the difficul- ties, which It was supposed might be met with in the Judicial Committee, must have been su.n.ested since the correspondence of 18.30, and that they were deemed of some importance at the Coloniaf Office A brief interview with Sir R. Bethel, the Attorney-General, led me to believe that he thought that after so long an enjoyment on the part of the Hudson's Bay Company, it was not by the Crown that the validity of their charter should be brought into discussion. From all tliis, I drew the conclusion that unless I could raise a question of legal right in which the Province of Canada had a direct inter- 40 est, there wa.s very little prospect of any reference to the Judicial Committee, while I felt a very stron<^ conviction that no other judgment would be satisfactory on the validity of the Company's claims or if adverse to the claims of the Province (which, however, I did not believe possible) would receive a respectful submission. With this impression, I considered that vague and indefinite as the southern boundary of the terri- . tory mentione.1 in the Company's charter is. the limits of the Provi- ce of Canada in that part are made dependent on it. I observed also, that this same boundary had been a matter of lengthened dispute between Great Britain and France, finishing only by the treaty of 17G3. That at various periods sub- sequently to IC/O, and to 1750, the Hud.son's Bay Company had been called upon to point out the extent ot their territorial claims under the charter, and to define the boundary which fhey el-it-iod -nd 50 that on no one occasion during all that period had they advanced the claim they now insist upon namely, that the charter gave them the ownership of all lands, the water from which flows into the Joint AlTKNlIIX. Sec. in. Ciiimdian D'H'iiniititSt aiul < '>rrrjt- f'omii ncc (ff t ir( f n the I'uhmiixl Sicntari/ itni( thi limi^uuH friitr to the avrnthier of thf f\>mf)anf/''s claiinn. Final Rt'ixnt of Cliief JuH. 1857. 21 G Joint Api'knpix. III Hu.lson's Bay or Straits, and therefore extonJinfr ns far as the head watovH of the R.hI Rivor, nnd cn.st and west of tliat stream to the sources of its tributaries, though tlic AshlMirton treaty has,' of courso disi.osud of so inucli of that chxini as lies south of the 4(nii parallel of latitude. And I prepared a nieinorauduni on the subject, which I forwarded to the Secretaiy of .State for the Colonies in a letter, a copy of whicli letter and its enclosure was transmitted to Your Excellency in my despatch of the s'th of May, 1857. H.C. lir. ('iiniidian Diwitmcnli, ami i'tirrfS' pniiilin-e hrtwi'fll Ihr t'ulnnial ISfcri'tdni and Km/T,"';' y -^^^^ ^^^ *° P'*''® *''° question on a footing by which th-- Crown would be called upon to ;»■;,.r^,M,.■' determine the boundary between the Colony and Rupert's Land, as it is styled in the charter of 1070, ?rS/«V, 'I'ld. f"!" its own information and guidance, would find it desirable, I might almost say indispensable, tJ cuwn^ obtain the advice and opinion of the Judicial Committee of the Privy Council. Of the right of tlie 10 Crown to take this course under the Imperial statute 3 and 4 William IV.. there can, I appl-ehend.bo no doubt. It is treated as c'ear by Mr. MacQueen, in his " Practice of the House of Lord.s and Privy Council," and on such a reference, I presume, the Judicial Committee would simply make a report, and not pronounce a judgment ; ui)on which report Her Majesty might issue an Order in Council, establish- ing the boundaries, in virtue of her prerogative royal. Such a declaration would, I venture to submit, meet \vith respect and obedience in all Her xMajesty's Courts of Justice. But if tliere was a shadow of doubt of the full authority of such an order, a declaratory Act of Parliament, founded upon it, or ujion of'chi!.f';)us. *'^*^ '■'-'P'^'"'^ "^ ^^^^ Judicial Committee, would set the (piestion at rest forever. 1 tliought that Counsel t^« UraiH..r, for the Province, as well as for the Hudson's P.ay Company, would be heard, and I did not see how it would be possible to exclude the former from contesting the validity of the charter, when it was to be 20 used for the purpose of limiting Canada on the north. Parliament was opened on the 8tli of May, and a Committee of the House of Commons was named to continue the enquiry. Before that Committee met, I received (the 12th Alay) the minute of Your Excellency in Council, of the 27th April preceding, which expressed a fixed opinion that no immediate charge should be taken of any territory in a form which wou.d throw upon the Province the cost of administration and defence, while in an unsettled state, until tlie sanction of the Provincial Legislature was obtained, and that in the meantime I should see—" 1st. That Canada should bo secured the revei-sion of such territory north and west of Lake Superior as experience may show to be fit for settle- ment, contingent on the opening of such communication from Canada as may prove sufficient to allow their future union with the Province. 2nd. That immediate steps sliould be taken by Her Majesty's 30 Government to prevent the absorption of the territory west of Lake Superior by unauthorized emigra- tion from the United States. 3rd. That every facility should be seemed for enabling Canada to explore and survey the territory between Lake Superior and the Rocky Mountains— and if the Provincial Legislature should think fit to provide the means of so doing, no obstacle should be thrown in the way of the constructing of roads or the improvement of water communication, or the promotion of settle- ment beyond the line supposed to separate the territory of the Hudson's Bay Company from that of Canada." The first meeting of the Committee was on the 15th of May, when no business except the appointment of the Chairman was transacted. I submitted the names of several witnesses whose evidence I thought would be found valuable ; and I received an unofficial intimation of the intention -10 of the Committee to call me before them as a witness. I saw at once the embarrassing position in which this would place me, for it must have been well known that I ha.l no personal knowledge of the territory, and I was therefore certain that my opinions and not my knowledge must form the subject of examination, and that questions might very easily be put to me, which it would be difficult, bearing in mind the restrictive character of my instructions, to answer. I almost determined— if the matter were in any way left open to me, as a matter within my own discretion— not to appear as a witness, though I felt such a course might be open to great misconstruction, and might create impressions unfavourable to the interests of the Province. However, at the meeting of the Committee on 21st May, the Chairman expressed his opinion that I should be called before them, in which all present apparently concurred, and it was formally .stated to me that the Committee desired my attendance at 50 their next iise-ting. I took an opportunity, a.s .souii us t],e ( ununiLtee broke up, of stating to the Chairman my objections ; but (if he felt there was any force in them) he left me no reason to doubt that in his opinion I should comply with the expressed desire of the Committee. » ^ a^^^a^^V^'naAii^ ^iMaftrnM.* .i-tir^i ■, mill cast , of emirso iropari'd a a luttor, a f the 8th III upon to r of 1070, ;n.sal)le, to ;ht of the 10 rohend.he nd Privy ?port, and establish- ;o submit, liadow of ;, or upon t Counsel ee how it wan to be 20 as named of Your nmediate le cost of ■gislature ured the or settle- to allow Majesty's 30 I emigra- ) explore rovincial the way f settle- that of 3ept the s whose iitention 40 lition in e of the subject bearing matter witness, ressions on 21st present ance at 50 to the a doubt 217 In the n.eantin.e, however, I had learned, through the public press, that an expedition had been set on toot to conduct a geographical survey through a part of the territory in questibn. I addressed a letter on this subject to the Secrolary ..f Slate for the Colonies (ICth May, 1857-scparate No 5) a copy of which I endosed to Your Exceli.mc) in my despatch of the 21st May. To this I received a rep y from Mr. Merivale, one of the Un.ier-Secretaries of State, bearing date the 25th May, and on the -/til May I received a reply from Mr. I'orte.cue, the Parliamentary Under-Secretary of State for the Lolomos, m reply to my letter of the Gt'i M. y, copies of which were transmitted by me to Canada in my Je. atch of the 29th of the same mcuth. (Separate, No. (i). On the 28th of May I was examined b>,foro the Committee. I took particular care to have it 10 under-stood that I had no instructio-r to appear before them as a witness. Examined repeatedly as to my UKlividual opinions on the subjec, oi enquirv, I could not avoid stating what I .sincerely thought ; but while 1 felt bound to reply without reserve, [ was solicitous to impress that I stood alone responsible for such views, that I pretended no authority to advance them in the name of the Province and that they were in some instances opposed to -vhat I believed many people in the Province thought. I addressed a reply on the 5th June to the letter which I had received from Mr. Fortescue on the 8al|]ect of the suggested reference to the Judicial Committee of the Privy Council, and in this letter I took occasion to present, as succinctly as posxilde, the pr.ints which I thought it most material for the interests of Cana.la should be treated in the Report of the Committee, and disposed of by Parliament l^telt the more imperatively called upon to take this step at once, lest any answer of mine^n the course fK a lengthened examination should give rise to misapprehensions as regarded the claims of the 20 Province. A copy of this letter was sent by me to the Provincial Secretary in my despatch of the 5th of June. I received on the evening of the 0th of June a note from Mr. Labouchere's private secretary respecting my official letter of the 5th of June, to which I replied on the following Monday, and I forwarded copies of those two notes in my despatch to the Provincial Secretary of the 12th of June. To this despatch I beg to make especial reference. It contains a res^cme of my reasons for pressinc' the reference to the Judicial Committee ; a statement of the boundaries, which, for the present and without reference to the legal adjudication, I was of opinion might answer ; as also a recapitulation of some of the jiroposals made by me for dealing with the questions before the Committee and the Crovernment. On the 3rd of July I received a copy of the evidence taken before the Select Committee of' the 30 House of A,ssembly, which I immediately transmitted to Mr. Labouchere.as chairman of the Committee. It IS printed in the Appendix to the Report of that Committee. ■ ' In the meantime (as I learned through private channels of information) the Attorney and Solicitor- Generals had been called upon to report their opinion whether the Crown could lawfully or constitu- tionally r..'se for legal decision all or either of the following questions : 1. The validity, at the present day, of the charter of the Hudson's Bay Company ; 2. The validity of the several claims of territorial right, of government, of exclusive trade and taxation claimed by that Company ; 3. The geographical extent of this territorial claim, supposing it to be well founded to any extent ; and, if the Crown could do so. then to state the proper steps to be taken, and the proper tribunal to be resorted to, and whether the Cro' should act on behalf of the local Government of Canada, as exercising a delegated share of 40 the Roy Jiority, or in any other way ; and if the Crown could not properly so actrwhether they saw any ot^ :ions to the questions being rai.sed by the local Government of Canada, acting indepen- dently of the Crown, or by some private party, in the manner suggested by the law officers In 1850— the Crown undertaking to bear the expense of the proceedings. I was on the 11th of July favoured by Mr. Labouchere with a copy of the report in reply, but the communication to me was marked " Private and Confidential " (8th July, 1857). A few days prior to its receipt, however, I addressed a letter to iMr. Labouchere, again pressing for a reference and decision on the subject of boundaries. A copy of this letter was transmitted by me to the Provincial Secretary on the 10th of July. ' 28 Joint ArPKNDIX, Sre. III. f'aiuidian Docuincnti, ami Ctirrtt- pondence (iitwecn the (\)tonial Seeritary and the Ifitdaon'i JldUCninpaHi/, prior to the lurrrndcr of the ('nmpany'i claimi. Final Report (if Chief Jug I ticu Draper, 1857. HI Joint Appkmu.x. Sec. III. Canadian l>m{ia>ii/'a claim. Final |leport of Cliief Jua tic« Draper, 1867. 218 In reference to tlie opinion of the law advisors of the Crown, I cannot abstain from remarking tliut it (loi'.s not appear to nie to nieot tho ([tiestioiis snlmiitteil. The genenil (pieslion put was, whether the Crown could lawfully or constitutionally raise for legal decision,— !. The validity of the charter at the present day. 2. The validity of the several claims of territorial right, of government, exclusive trade and taxation, insisted on by the Company. 3. The geographical extent of the territorial claim, supposing it to be well founded to any extent. 1. As to the validity of the charter. The answer in fact is (if I do not misunderstand it), the Crown catmot justly rai.se this (piestion, because, taking into consideration the enjoyment that lias been had under the charti.T, and the recognition made of the right of the Company under various Acts, the judgment of any tribunal ought to bo in favour of upholding it, although, if principles which govern a 10 charter of recent date were applied, it must be deemed invalid. With great submission, this appears to me to savour much more of un opinion on what .sliould be a result of a reference, than an opinion on the power of the Crown to refer, And, if this be the true sense of the answer, then it is dit*^'iult to avoid the rettection that such a determination, coming from a high and impartial tribunal, wou, carry more weight and conviction with it than an opinion, which, if followed, prevents such an adjudication being obtained. And the adjption of that opinion by the Government becomes virtually an a.s.sertion by the Government of the validity of the charter— while the argument, resting upon long enjoyment, and parliamentary recognition, seems almost to involve the admission of its invalidity. 2. The answer to the second branch of the enquiry is open, as appears to me, to similar objection. If it be admitted— and the opinion given involves the admi.ssion— that rights of government, taxation, 20 exclusive administration of justice, or exclusive trade, cannot be legally insisted upon by the Hudson's Bay Company, as having been legally granted by the Crown ; and if, as is notoriously the fact, the Hudson's Bay Company have assumed and asserted all these rights, the answer to the que stion put ought, I humbly conceive, to have been that the Crown could legally and constitutioually raise this question for legal decision, instead of anticipating the judgment by an opinion that the charter should not be deemed invalid, because it professes to grant those powers, inasnuich as to a limited extent those powers may be lawfully used. I cannot say the result of the reference, so far was any matter of surprise to me. On whatever grounds the opinion might be rested, I had, as I have already stated, satistied myself that there would be iro facility afforded for raising either of the.se questions, and I was the more fully satisfied that I 30 had taken a right course in submitting a proposition which it was impossible to negative on any such reasoning as the report contains in regard to the first two questions. Even on that proposition, however, the opinion given hardly appears to me to afford a full answer. I concede fully that the Crown could not, of its inherent authority, and by any mere command, bring the Province of Canada and the Hud.son's Bay Company, as two contending parties, before the Judicial Committee of the Pi ivy Council to submit their respective claims for final decision. For this purpose the consent of both parties would be indispensable. But I fail to perceive, and on this point the opinion throws no light, that the Crown could not obtain the opinion and advice of the Judicial Committee upon all the existing facts as to the boundaries between Canada and the territories of the Hudson's Bay Company, supposing their claim " to be well founded to any extent," and that such 40 opinion and advice might be made the foundation for determining those boundaries, with the aid, if requisite, of a declaratory Act of Parliament. It has not yet been denied on any hand that the Crown can legally and con.stitutionally take that course, and I continue to think this is a more safe and will be a more .satisfactory mode of determination than a quasi-judicial enquiry, in which the Province of Canada is to be made to assume the position of a plaintiff in ejectment, and in that character to prove a title to turn the Hudson's Bay Company out of an imaginary possession. The committee held their last sitting for the examination of witnesses on the 23rd June. Their next meeting was on the 20th July, with closed doors, and so their meetings continued until their report was finally adopted. Before this I had s.-vei-.o] interviews with Mr. L.aliouchcro, in which, amon-~ other things, the opinion of the law advisers of the Crown was spoken of. These interviews, ais I was 50 >^ « 4( 5f 210 remarking IS, whether 1 cliartor at ;, exdiiHivo irial claim, nd it), tho it has been I Acts, tlie li govern a 10 a|)pcars to o|)inion on [lit*'".ult to oUi carry Ijudiciition I assertion iiijoyment, objection. ;, taxiition, 20 Hudson's e fact, tho estion put lally raise he charter ) a limited whatever ere would Rod that I 30 any such II answer. command, jefore the For this this point Judicial ies of the that such 40 tho aid, if he Crown i and will ovince of ' to prove .0. Their titil their .1, , as I was 50 informed by a letter of Mr. Under-Secretary Mcrivale, rendered it unnecessary, in Mr. Labnuchore's opinion, to address any reply to my letter of the 8th July. Tho substance of what took place at these interviews is contained in my last despatch to the Provincial Secretary. I felt it ri-ht to send a copy of this letter without delay to Mr. Labouchcre, in order that he might be fully aware in what ILdit I • viewed,and how I had understood what passed between us. It will be observed that Mr. Labouchero made no direct propositi.ju to me founde.l on the report of the law advisers of the Crown. On the contrary so far as I c.ul.l understiind, though I may be in ..M-ror. I thought him much more desirous of seeing the points in doubt or dispute settled by some compromise than of having them left for legal adjudication, while T represented that a determination of the rights conferred by the charter would ten.l to facilitate the 10 settlement of the othei (piestions which were raise.l. I had the opportunity of again pressing- the » » necessity that I thought existed, that the authority of tlie Hudson's Bay Company should at on^ce be put an end to, over such portions of the territory as might be ceded to Cana.la. And I took occasion, when the question of compensation to the ('ompany was referred to, to state my unciuaiifie.l opi„iun that Canada would never consent to pay any portion of it. The report of the Committee confirms my early impression of the opinions entertained as to tho future government of Vancouver's Island and the territory west of the Rocky Mountains. The impor- tance of Vancouver's Island seems to be fully estimate.l, and the necessity of administering its govern- ment and providing for its settlement otherwise than by the agency of tho Company. That colony is also viewed as tho most convenient headriuarters for settlements on tho adjacent mainland, especially 20 about Frazer's River and Thompson's River (on or near which it is said there are indications of gold), . and generally as far as the Rocky Mountains. The distance, judging from maps, and taking a direct line without reference to the difficulties of communication and necessary divergencies, by rivers and lakes, are from Victoria, on Vancouver's Island, to the junction of tho Frazer and Thompson Rivers, 180 miles ; thence to Fort Thompson, 80 miles ; thence "to Mount Brown, 170 miles; thence to Red River, at Fort Garry, near 1)00 miles ; and thence to Fort William, 300 miles, or 500 miles if the canoe route is followed. The Frazer River empties it.self opposite the .south-easterly part of Vancouver's Ishind, a little to the north of tho 4!)th parallel. The parts f.f this country best fitted by climate and soil for agricultural settlement, as well as the points where it was asserted gold had been di.scovered, were, according to tho evidence of Mr. Cooper, situated upon these rivers. They are also not far from 30 the hrmdary line of Oregon. The greater facilities of obtaining information and of speedy communi- cation and intervention (if intervention were necessary), from Vancouver's Island to these rivers and the country they drain, had very great infiuenco on the minils of those who were of opinion the settle- ment and protection of these parts of the territory should be managed by tho Government of that Co' jny. On the other hand, there were those (and I understand Mr. Roebuck to be strongly of that opinion) who thought that tho territory lying between the Province of Canada and the Pacific far too extensive to be united to Canada and Vancouver's Island, but that it should be divided into severa colonies to bo settled under the authority of the Briti.sh Crown, with local Governments which might in t>ne form part of the confederacy of the British possessions on the North American continent, main- tainiv their connection with the British I]mpire. 40 "ri ere were not wanting .some who would have been disposed to cede to this Province the territo- rial right of the Crown on condition that Canada should relieve Great Britain of all future charge of its government, defence and administration, and take upon its own resources the burden of any arranrre- ment which tho claims of tho Hudson's Bay Company might give legitimate rise to. The express instructions I h"d in no way to pledge the Province to incur any expenditure until tho sanction of the Provincial Parliament was obtained, was sufficient without any other rea.son to prevent my enterinii, S«c. III. CinMitiiin hDCiimrnttf and i'nrret- pnmlence hrtiiren the f'oloni^^l Neerrtarii and the Hiiilion'l liniiCmnpnny, prinr tn the iitrriiulcr of thel*i}inpani/*$ cliiimi. Fiiml Report i)f Chief Jus- ticci Uraiwr, lti-)7. ISO m m lilt \'% ! APP^.,. « ''^^, """^ " -„ ,„n„„.a»...„ a„.l fur wlnVh si,, will provi.lo U.o n.oan,, of local a.t.nini.stra- «-~"^- o„ml tl , n . ;!• r ' '":;"' "" '■"''^'^'^»^-''--" «- ^'"-> I-ti..ula. ly ,v,V.ne.l to. an.l the ""Z^rnu l-T t' "refore .nvolvo.s the g.vinjj to Canada power to as.s.nno th. whole ..f the exten- r-S: ^ temtory hou,ule.l on the Houth by the Unite,! States, an,I on the west by the Rocky Moula ." a:frT ""^"^ ^'^ ";f ' "; ^'-' -■' -><• ^'"-^t" »it fo,- agricultural «ettlen.ent extends, leaving to li Ma s y'^ t;rr't..,''::7r'!';; «r,.an,en.e„N with the Hudson's Hay C^;„,.an; who o a IL Mr «„Z,„', °^*-'^""^^ *^^"""t'y annexed to Canada would entirely ceaso. " '^y Baijl'imininu, Lt:„'r:,; . ;"■'•, '^'"; ^^^^^-ndng l.y the In.,.e,ial Oovernn.ent of Vancouver's Island, and the nrnking provi- M.w.^,.,.,H,onfo.. developing the natural resources of that colony, and extending it over any porLn of the coni - _ nent to the we«t of the Rocky Mountains, on which pern.anent scttlen.ent n,ay be'fcL.d practicable 10 Hudson's ^y Co^panr ""'"'"*^"''^^''"-^" *'" ^'"^^'""-^ ^^^'^ P-'l'-'g^ "^ -c'"-e trade to the the 2?rltrit'l8rTfr"tf r" ^ ""'' "'"'^'■.'^" '''^' '"^ *'" ""^°"« "^^ ^-*^ '» "y J-P'^^'^J' of We It .1 ; . ° . '•'"'''"'•'^'•>' '''^"«^^'^> °f t''^' •i<"'«'-' "f exclusive trade would be advisa- We. It also appeared to n>e, that to throw that trade at once an.l unreservedly open would be .n het; H''7r"'*"r'"''"^'^""'"^"'" *'" ^"^ ^''^^^^^ f-m the United Statesf while its benel;;' 'LTSl'^r t W^ P o Canada wa.s ren.ote and contingent. For the former, with establishn.ents near the froa- ^l^i^r. '''' ^"^ ^Y,"^""' ^^ "'''^''''^' ''^'""^y "^'''^'•""^' ■" '^o-'^iJ^-l'lo nun.ber of furs from the Brit sh te'r^ tory would be ready at once to extend their operations-to enter into active arraigemen w h U^" half-breeds and Ind.ans, an.l to lay the foundation for un inunediate connection with then7and so o 20 ga.n a start of our own people that nu.st be extreu.ely disadvantageous to the latter. Ad Ire is a fu ther danger, the apprehension of which arises frou> an answer given by the Right Hon Fd ward Elhce, m h. examination before the Oon.n.ittee, when he says in reference to the '• s rval'' oTthe Hudsons Bay Company in the interior, •■ E... if it was necessary, and if the atteu.p wtre made o depnve them" (aa for instance, by taking away the exclusive rigl.t of trade) ■■ of whlare a t^^^^ ^Zlt^'Z^ATT'"'''' T' '''''' ""' '''''-'• f"^'' '' communication with Amerce:' : so.e!' whtrt else (possibly Ilussia, whose possessions join the B, itisl: territories on the north). " to carry on the trade and exclude every other party." This warning or covert menace (for it is ctpable of that construction, t^iough unintentionally) from a gentleman t-ho must know theSji.sjUi J o^ ^^^^^^^^^^^ whom he speaks and the inHuence their intercourse with th. Ii.dians has given them, is not to be over- on looked, and It will no- have the less point and significance wh. n it is remembered that thoursettle- ments within the Oregon Territory had been formed under the protection of the Hulon's BaJ Company s "sorvants;" and though that Company ha.l no chartered rights there, but only uTh pHvT leges a^ the exclusive right of trade gave them; yet whc the AshbuHon Treat; was made and he Comnanr '^^^'Y'" '' r\"'"t "" '""''^^' '"^^ *'" ^'""^'y "^^^ ^^-^' '"^^ P— T rights at Company were to be respected, under which article tiu Co.npauy have now a great claim in discuss on aretL\H^fZTI^^V°''^"1^''" ^"'''""'"^"^ th... possessory rijits/ These reZZ are calculaf ■ d to add to the importance of interposing a body of British settlers between the line of exZve trade. ^^" suggestions ottered in favour of a temporary renewal of the license flv The report points also to the necessity of making comraunications to the Government of Cunada- a« well, apprehend, on the subject of boundary, as respecting such other arrangements for the etUe- ment and administration of the territory as may be d.emed expedient. Its language and elres la '.z:\h:t:nr::^':::;:"i:r^^^^ thepomts which, appearing to .« to come within the scope of my instructions, seemed V.^ he. rif ^yjiiLv rvinjiu mtj .seoue 01 mv instriictiniia Bn«rno/) f/^ Ko „f i1 j.^^^ , J, . ; ,. ' ' ' — ' ••' *:-•:- ;i:- -test prcscn presented by me m that light in my communications with ihe Home authorities iiitest present importauce, and were ^ % 30 40 60 Imiiiistra- o, ami the till* oxten- loiiiituiiis, MiijfHty'a HUthuiity nj,' provi- tlie conti- icahlo. 10 do to the spatch of ailvisa- ild be, in unefit to tlio fron- ish terri- svith the id 80 to 20 lero is a Edward " of the intide to in short, )r sotne- arry on of that those of be over- go 1 settle- I's Bay h privi- .nd the lementa 3 of the cussion actions line of ntirely 40 use for lada — settle- re.ssion osition me to 1 were til be^ h!.l.r;° ^'f ""'";f"" "[^\" I""!'"'- '""it"' between Canada and the territories (whatever they may be) belonging to tlie Hud.son'H Bay t'omiiaiiy, ' ^ to the PaeUiT'''"'''' """^ ''" ^""'"''"'^' ^"^''""" ^''" I'""""^-'""" "' O^'-'"^ 1^"^'"" "^^'l "'» United States 3. The adoption of measures to protect the possessions of the Crown from intrusive settlement. ttle M nt ta r ' 'f . " ''^ ''}' '""• •^«"'" *''^'"^^''>'^ *« '-'^--- ->^ '"-t - they Ire hud out and Towe ' y TT "'" ^'■'"'"•'*^'' ""''- "^■^■'- ''"■ ^"'•'•'^•"•y '" -'''«'' '--"^-^ i« to possess these pow rs,to abrogate at once every right and privilege of the Hudson's Baff^u.pany. excepting the ^ Vr fr rT! ""' f ""■ ''"'■""^'■^ ""*='^"* ^'^'"" ^''« --•• -'tl. a sufficient ..ortloL of h.nd ...uned.ately attached to such factories, etc., ..ecessary for their convenient enjoyment and occupation 5. The making a provisional arrangement for the government of the Red River Settlement entirely Tf cCada ' '^"^ Company, until that «ettlen,ent can be incorporated with the I'rovinco n«./' '^'f 'T?'""^" ^° *''" ^'''«^" «f a Po^ver to lay out .a line of railway, and to use all lands necessary for that purpose throughout the whole territory to the Pacific Ocean All which is respectfully submitted. W, H. Draper. •loilTf APPKNI'IX. Hw. in, f'anailiiin bneumrnli, mil f'urrtt- hftiirrn the Cntiinitil Sirrrfuri/ aiul the //uitmm't Ilill/I 'o»i/«l «y, priiir to thr iiirritulir of lhi('omi}iinii'$ elntm». Final Rpimrt of CliiiY Jus- tic* Draiwr, 1867. 20 SlR,- Thk Under-Skc'uetarv to the Qovebnor of the Hudson's Bat Companv.* Downing Stheet, „ ^ . January 20, 1858. -ler Majesty s Government have had under their consideration your letter of the «">„,] IS.'-.fi n^nfo,..; 1: -.• •' ""'^ ' Under S,.cre. r» «„ 1 lop/^ . • • iui>.-o existing license of the Hudson's Bay Company for the further term ot twenty-one year« : ..,;n its approaching expiration on the .'JOth May, 1859, on the following conditions r, ■ ^: V^t, '■^'*^"'^*'o"- >« in the present license, of any territories which may be formed bv Her Majesty s Government into colonies. ^ 4 Vancouver s Island to be exempted from the license as already constituted into a colony. On the subject .,f this Island I am to refer you to another letter of even date herewith, in which the views ot Her Majesty s Government in relation to it are communicated to you. I am further to state that Her Majesty's Government consider it very desirable to a.scertain by the decision of some competent authority, the boundary between the Province of Canada and 'the lerntones claimed by the Company under their charter. 40 5. It has been suggested by Her Majesty's law advisers that this might be effected throu-h the mtei-vention of the Judicial Committee of the J'rivy Council on their being moved to entertain the question. You stated in your letter a.ldressed to me on the 18th of July last, that the Directors of the Company were prepared to recommend to their shareholdcx-s a concurrence in this course. But I have no authority to stat^ that the Province of Canada is also prepared to concur in it unless the * Seas. Papers, Canada, 1858, Vol. 16, No. 3. $ i'l ii >'J JOINI' ApPgNDII. Sec. III. Cnnndian Oueumrntu and i'orres- fmidenre etivren the Cnlonial ISccrftari/ and the Hudson's Jiai/t'omfHtnt/f prior to the turrender nf thet^impuni/'s claimi. Under-Sec rc- tary tn Hiui- Bon's Hay Ci>mp:iiiy, 20thJaDuary, 1008. 222 same time to discuss the farther validity of the charter itself, a question which, on public grounds. Her Majesty's Government do not consider themselves authorized to raL^e. If, therefore, any parties in Canada propo.se to take measures towards contesting the Co. pany's rights to the full extent before a legal tribunal. Her Majesty's Government must leave them to take that course on their own responsi- bility. If, on the other hand, Canada thinks it expedient to agree to the course now proposed, namely, that of trying the question of boundary alone with the consent of the Hudson's Bay Company, Her Majesty's Government will afford every facility in their power for its determination. It is, therefore, Mr. Labouchere's intention, in the iirst place, to submit this proposal to the option of the colony. 6. But supposing tbbt no such proceedings were taken, and that the colony declines to contest the naked question of boundary in the manner suggested, Mr. Labouchere is of opinion that the objects 10 recommended by the Committee may be attained by another course. He will then be prepared to propose to Cana.la, and to the Company, on the part of Her Majesty's Government, as a further condi- tion for the renewal of the license, that the Company should surremler to the Crown such portions of the lerritory now claimed by it under the Charter as may be available to and required by Canada for purposes of settlement. 7. It is stated in the report that the districts likely to bo required for early occupation are those on the Ked K.ver and Saskatchewan. If that should be the case, the portion of territory thus generally indicated should be rendered free for annexation to Canada; such annexation to take place whether in this or any other direction, when Canada ha.s made a road or any other line of communication connect- ing the territory she requires, and when Canada has given satisfactory evidence of her intention to take 20 steps for laying out townships, and settling and administering the affairs of these districts. Thus the annexation might be gradual in case it should be found to suit the convenience of the several parties interested. 8. For the purpose of ascertaining the satisfactory performance by Canada of the terms thus required, the period when such annexation should conseciuently commence, and the manner in which It should be carried into execution, Mr. Labouchere would propose the appointment of a Board of three CommLssioners, one to be nominated by the Province of Canada, one by the Company, and one by Her Majesty s Government. 9. The same Board should be authorized to consider and report on the following question, namely —the amount of pecuniary compensation which, under all the circumstances of the case, may become' 30 justly payable to the Company in consequence of such contemplated annexation, and in respect of property which they may be required to surrender. 10. The Commissioners .should be instructed to di.spose of further questions connected with the transfer which, in the course of these proceedings, it may appear desirable to refer to them. 11. Her Majesty's Government have further to propose that, if it .should at any cime be made known to them that there is a good reason to believe that mining operations or fi.sheries may be advantageously conducted in any portion of the territory held by the Hudson's Bay Company under their charter, facilities should be afforded to Her Majesty's subjects for engaging in the.se i)ur8uit3 within limited districts. For this purpose it would be necessary that Her Majesty's Government should be authorized to grant licenses or leases, or in some other manner which may be arranged by mutual 40 consent, to place the parties engaged to prosecute such undertakings in possession of the land required or the i)urpose, any territorial rights of the Company notwithstanding. On the other hand, it should be fully understood that Her Majesty's Government will not grant any such facilities unless the parties applying for them give to Her Majesty's Government and the Company substantial proof of their com- petency, and of the bona fiiU nature of their intention.. ; nor unless proper security be taken against the interference of such parties with the fur trade of the Company with the Indians. The mode of carrying into execution these anangements would be matter for subsequent consideration if the Company should agree to the principles now suggested. grounila, \y parties Jilt before responsi- i, namely, pany, Her therefore, my. antest the le objects 10 spared to ler condi- )rtions of anada for are those generally hether in I connect- )n to take 20 Thus the al parties rms thus in which I of three e by Her , namely, ' become 30 jspect of ivith the be made may be ly under pursuits it should ' mutual 40 required t should J parties sir com- against mode of Jompany ",1 -• Her Mai ^^^'p ""^'"^' '^"If ''^"'^^ t^™"^^ y""'^^'^ ^'^^'^ willingness to consent to these proposals Jo.kt He. Majesty s Government will proceed forthwith to submit them to the Local Governn.ent of Canada -^'•™''-- for the,r cons.derat.on, and in the event of their concurrence, they will be prepared to tlkeUenec^ai; «^'^ T"- means for carrying them into effect. ^ ^ ^^^"'^^ ('„n,„iinn John Shepherd, Esq. I have, etc., H. Meuivalk. 10 JJocumrtitu, betwrrn the (\tlonial Sfcntarf/ ntid the Hini,tim's prior to the surrender of thr(^>mpani/'t cfahn.s. The Govehnor of the Hudson's Bat Compant to the Cor.oNr-^ SEcnEXAnv.* Hudson's Bay House, Orn T u ii !_ . . ^^**t January, 18.)8. ' SiR,-I have the honour to acknowledge the receipt of Mr. Merivale's letter of the 20th instant :?Z"^;r d' '''r\\i*'''' consideration which Her Majesty's Government had given to n.; t"r of the 22nd December, 18oG, and adverting to the full attention paid to the report .^- the Select Co.n mit tee of the Hou.se of Comnion.s, which inquired last session into' the state of 'the Bri slf essUns under the administration of the Hudson's Bay Company, detailing the conditions on IS H Majesty s Government are prepared to advise Her Majesty to renew the existing license for a furthe term of twenty-one years, and informing me that if the Company shouhl signify" their willin^nes to consent to these proposals. Her Majesty's Government will proceed forthwiUi to submit h m to the local Government of Canada for their con,sideration, and in the event of their con" rencT w 1| t 20 prepared to take the necessary measures for carrying them into effect. «1, 11 ^." ''^'^' ^A? ^'^'" *° '^^'' ^^''^ ^^^'' ^"" consideration with my colleagues in the direction we shall be prepared to recommend to our proprietary body. : 1st To agree to the resenation, as in the present license, of any territories which mav be formed u , • n by Her Majesty's Government into colonies. ^ ^ *^°™'*^ "'".'wo^ -nd. 10 agree to the proposed exception of Vancouver's Island from the license- and unon tbi. oum""^' subject we beg to refer you to the answer to the communication which you have o warded to us co " ^ veymg the views of Her Majesty's Government in relation thereto. ' nnrfv t T '""'"' 'a ^'7 '"^^''t'"'! "^"^ '"' ^^'' '"*^"* '^ "'"^ Government of Canada declining to be a •?0Con^.- rrf ^^f--;'=« «f "- Boundary question to the Judicial Committee of tlfe Pr vy 30 Council upon the footing which Her Majesty's Government are prepared to recommend, an.l which tZ " Company ha.s already expressed their willingness to a.lopt, the objects recommended by the Com it e of the House of Commons may be attained by another course, the detailed arrangement of which o"d be carried out under the supervision of three Commissioners, one to be appointed by the Crown le by the Canadian Government, and one by the Hudson's Bay Company. ^ ^'o^mi, one by I trust that the ready acquiescence of the Hudson's Bay Company in the plan proposed for meeting the requirements of the Canadian Government, will be accepted a.s an earnest of their desire tbo.f terms of harmony and friendship with their countrymen in Canada. 4th. In communicating this assent on the part of the Hudson's Bay Company, it is, however ri.ht to notice that the territories mentioned as those that may probably be finst deliro 1 by the Gov „mtn 40 of C„nada. namely the Red River and Saskatchewan districts, are not only valuable to the H Js V Bay Company as stations for carrying on the fur trade, but that they are also of peculiar value to he Company as being the only source from which the Company's annual stock of provisions is drawn particularly the sUiple article of I>er,u.,n. a regular supply of which is absolutely Le slr^ to J^Z the ofhcers of the Company to transport their goods to the numerous inland and distant station aid feed and maintain the people, both European and Indians, stationed thereat. It is proper heu-foe that I Hhould draw your attention to the fact that the ultimate loss of those districts w'Sl m , t p^^^^^^^^^^^ involve the Hudson's Bay Company in very serious difficulties, and cause a .reat increase T! J "IZ^ conducungtneir trade. The Company assume that the Canadian Government will be rcsponmblt for' the II t" Joint AvpKNnii. Sec. III. Ciinailian ami ihrrtS' jxitiilcncc lirlurrn the Colunial /Sicntori/ iind the HiKhim's }m'titpa)ii/^s 224 preservation of peace, and tlie maintenance of law and order in all the territories ceded to thorn, and that they will prevent lawless and dishonest adventurers from infringing from thence the rights of tho Company over the remaining portions of their territories. 5th. VVith rcsjiect to the eleventh paragraph of your letter, in which it is proposed that " Her Majesty's Government should bo authorized at any time to grant licenses or lea,ses, or in some other manner which may be arranged by mutual consent, to place parties engaging to prosecute mining oper- ations or fisheries in possession of the land re-iuned in any portion of our territory for tiie purpose, any territorial rights of the Company notwithstanding,"— assuming that the principles stated ir the 9th par- agraph, as applicable to cessions to Canada, apply ecpially to any cessions which may take place in virtue of the 11th clause, I beg to state that wo shall bo prepared to recommend our shareholders to 10 concur in this proposal. 0th. In conclusion, allow me to refer to the .sentiments expressed in the fifth and last paragraph of my letter of the 18th of July last, as explanatory of the continued views of myself and colleagues. W. are willing to enter upon a new tenure of our engagements under the renewed license, upon being assured of the support of Her Majesty's Government, and of the cordial co-operation of the neighbouring Government of Canada, in maintaining tranquillity and order among tlie Indian tribes, and protecting the frontiers of the whole adjacent British territories from foreign encroachment. The interests of the Hudson's Bay Company, wo are convinced, arc cln.sely united with the real prosperity of Canada, and we trust that the humane and beneficent objects of Her Majesty's Govern ment will prosper under our united exertions. 20 Right Hon. H. Labouchere. I have, etc., John Shepherd, Governor. Colonial Sec- retory to (iovi'rnof (iencrnl, 22 .rftiui.'jry, ISoS. The Colonial Secretary to the Governor-General.* Downing Street, 22nd January, 1858. Sir,— In sending for your consideration and that of your Council, a correspondence which ha.s re- cently passed between the Directors of the Hudson's liay Company and this Department (Colonial OlTice to Hudson's Bay Company, 20th January, 1858 ; do. do. Hudson's Bay Company. 21st January, 30 1858; do. do.) on the subjects embraced by the investigation of a Committee of the House of Commona in the last year's session of Parliament, it is not necessary that I should add much to the information which that correspondence convey.s. The relations in which the Company is placed, both towards Canada an.l towards Her Majesty's Government in this country, have naturally attracted in no common degree the attention of the Canadian community, and they were also carefully investigated by the Committee to which I have referred. It is the anxious desire of Her Majesty's Government to take the opportunity afforded by the approaching termination of the Company's license of exclusive trade over what is termed th- Indian Territory, for placing these relations upon such a footing as shall bo consonant with justice, and at the 40 same time conducive to tho satisfaction and to tho interests of the great Province under your government. It is for the purpose of promoting these objects that I have carried on the correspondence which I now transmit to you. and I make no question but that it will be considered in a .similar spirit by the Legislature and people of Canada. I do not propaso to discuss the question of the validity of the claims of the Company in virtue of their charter, over the whole territory known as Ilui.erfs Land. Her Majesty's Government have * Sees. Papers, Canada, 1858, Vol. IbT^i. ~ » > , and that jS of tho hat " Her )nie other ing oper- pose, any 1 9th par- placo in olders to 10 graph of lies. W. on being hbouring rotecting the real Govern- 20 nor. 225 come to the condusion that it would be impossible for them to institute proceedings with a view to raise tins question before a legal tribunal, without departing from those prlLiples of enX by which :!;:;; r :::;:!^i:^^^ ''''-'■ '' '-'--• ^^ - - ^« -^-^ - ^-' ^--^ ^« ^ s^X t Her M '•'' r^^n ^" ^^' ''"''"'''™ °^ boundary, as distinguished from that of the validity of the charter pi.sl.nij, «h,ch IS indicated in the correspondence, if such should be the de.ire of Canada will afford To'catda "II^ "'" ' TT? •""'^ ""'^ ^' P""""'''^ *''™"g'^ ^^'^ ^""'•■^" ""- P'"P-«l -''id. 10 se tement and rwhi """' f "''^r''^ '^"^ '"^"'"'^ ^'^''^^ '''^'' '""^^ -'l"'"''^ f- *!.; purpose of llr aiL d b! tl r '""^ ,'' "^ *" ''''^' ''^ '""^'^-^ °' administration and protectior! The whot ot Z ^ p "P'"^: ""^'^ ''^ '^"''^'' '^^'^ conterminous on the north and west with the whole of that great Province which is now united under your government I therefore look to h! gradual aggregation of such portions of these tracts as may be found available t tlaf; vi„ee wh h the Ati:.;:;! '" ''^ ''^ '^'^'^^ ^vater communication afforded by the Lakes and the S llwrencrto I recommend this important subject to the early consideration of yourself and your advisers Her IZt^^ZrZ::!^ ''"' "■: °'^T""' '-'^'''''"^ '' ''-^' ^'-^^'-"^^ wfththe p-neiplef 2ow;rcfci"aChe;s;:o'rr:n\;^^^^^ ''''''-' ^-^'^-^^ ^^^ --''-' ^^^^ --^^— ^ I have, etc., Governor the Right Honourable Sir E. W. Head, Bart., ^" ^^^'^^^^^'"^ etc., etc., etc. Jo: NT Appenoix. Sec. III. Canailkin Documentt, ami i'Drrea- fximtencc hetirren thr Colonial Sccrfldry and the Hutlaon^a BayCompany, prior to the surrender of theVumpany'i claim). Colonial Sec- retary to Hiulaoii'BBay Company, 22nd Jan., 1858. ?58. I has re- Colonial Fanuary, 30 ommong rmation fajesty's of the I have by the ' Indian i at the 40 !r your ivhich I by the irtue ot it liave ADDKE.SS OF THE CANADIAN PARLIAMENT TO HeK MAJESTY, 13TH AuOUST, 1858.* To the Queen's Moat Excellent Majesty. >);)yt Gracious Sovereign, — a^'iifp' !*'''t^P T' '^''"^"^ ""^^ '"^'^^ •""^J^'^^^' ^^' T^^i-^lative Council and Assembly of Add CnnM.ln i., P„,.,- • IP .• '' •^""J°^«'-^. ""^ ix!^i.>!iauve <^ouncii anu Asserab y of SOreprestti^g- ■" "^"'"""'^ ""'"'''^'' '"'"''^ ^P^^^'-^ ^"^ ^^^-^3- »•- ^he purpose of Gover!;lnrto''rt'T '"^'T'^T "^ '^' ^'''"'' '^'^'''^' granted by Your Majesty's Imperial One nnient to the Hudson s BayCompany over the Indian Territories, a portion which in our hu^n de opinion Canada has a ri,ht to claim us forming part of her territ .ry^ rend. ner„ ive the adoption o such measures as may be necessary to give eff.ct to the rights of the Province in I present a favourable opportunity for obtaining a final decision on the validit^ of the Charter of the Co , pany and the boundary of Canada on the north and west. <-ompany validrr'f^'''?""!"'. '"^T ''"''*' '^""^ "^'''''^ ^y *^'^* ^^"''''^ t° ^l''«h she was not a party, and the a'i^ t'^t! r" ; r T '^"rf """! '" """ ^'"" * ^""^"^^ '^"■' -^ ^-'f' •>-• i" - I-n-'.lo ..pinion 40 PU fi w anTr;! r" T'' '"'^"■':' «-'ern.nent a decision of ,hi. question, with a view of 40 puctHi, an eml to discn.ss>ons and questions of conflicting rights, prejudicial as well to Vour Majesty's cZ"; ""'""' *^^°^''"^'"*' -^ -h-l^- -hile unsettled, mutt prevent tho colonization ofte pray Y^rtail'v tT?tf ^^1.^"'"?''^^ ''"'^ '« i.nmediately require.l, and that therefore we humbly pray You, Majesty that the subject thereof may be forthwith submitte.l for the opinion of the Ju^iicial Couunitteeot Your Majesty's Privy Council, but without restriction as to any quesUon Canada ly deem it pronep t^i Dro-jos't i^i f! a^rlitv f »! • i i" - . / M" ° '"" '"mm 111 may I , -I I- pi_'j-.!.t i.n u,^ .ai.dity ut the said Onarter, or lor tlie maintenance of iier ri a letter entitled cised by le papers e 12th of ) call in ct tliem- vti them. ?rnor. 20 30 40 .58. stter of at com- B Hud- > ^ > Joint Appendix. 227 BAt^Zt'^vT^^^^^^^^ "'^ P''"PT' .^^.'^' '^ ^'«- *" -'J"'^*-^ '"^^ -"fl-«"g ehnms of Great alh f«;,- V f .;, . , Company, or to j„i„ with her Majesty's Government in affbrdin-r reason- "'■"■■- a . e fac luies for the settlement of the questions in whicli Imperiai.^o less than colonial inlieslare ««-ri. • Canadian all le"th afe da m"of "711" i"r° "T "' """ "'"^'^"^ ^"'^ conciliatory arrangement by which r^/^^r'- Ten-it: r^:prL^t":vZ^r"'Tf^'^ "'''''''''' ''''' '•^^'•^"- ^« ^^^ ---- ]^tfar u. >^ , -^ '"'^^ ^'" ie(iuired to surrender ; but if the decision as conveyed in vour *^'"'"-* ""^ letter, be re-carded as I na, a power to ('npillf..f^> .,,..1, ..„ ■ •■, \ ^^^ ^^ J*^^^ de Hu,taon'i p ,, , . . ' ' ^ ^^ laeiUtate sufh an arranirement is withdrawn from his hands Ba,vCompauy, 10 and a n„ m';. VT'' ^^^ ^^"'" '''' "^^'^ '"^'''- *'^^^ '^ I""""-^ '^^ temperate and amicable enquiry --'''-/ unZie ''^^'^ ''"^ *° "^■^'«^''^^^' --^ '— f-- -o- ^liffi-lfc of attainment, if not act^:;;; tha^^^e Hud W ^''''T^'''' ^°f ' .^e. Sir E. Lytton will not feel at liberty to decline it. He desire, hat he Hudson s Bay Company should distinctly understand, that, in his opinion, the time for arHv ing at some authoritative definition of conflicting claims can no longer be postponed w h afe v ^^^ U"der Sec justice opuhhc interest.; and both Canada and the British Parliament n.ight' u^y om hu^of fu" ^^ ther and unnecessary delay. But before decidin- finally ui.on the ooursp fn I'L "^"'"I '''" "» *'"- Bay Com- will bl foTnd" "".""^^.^'''Jr'^^^^ «" S^-'^' '^"d various are concerned, the wisest and most dignified course .n«f ;,, ""'^ i'T'^ " ^"^""^'.r-«"""e'itly fitted for the dispassionate consideration of the question, 30 at issue; it would secure a decision which would probably be rather of the nature of an ail tm ion than of a ju.lgment; and it would furnish a basis of negotiation on which reciprocal concetLn and he claims for compensation could be most successfully discussed. concession and the In such an event Sir E. Lytton would be prepared to agree that the Company, if they succeed in maintaining the ull rights which U,ey claim, should be indemnified against the costs and th^t n an^ ^roLdhil' "'^"''"' '"'' "'^ ''''' '^°"'' '-'' ''' ^^" expensJstcidentTo the It is not for Sir E. Lytton to dictate to'the Company the course which they should pursue but I am to place distinctly before them his own intentions, and to leave them to decide 4ndiffi V" '''? "'-u '"'".''' "? "-'"""P""^ ^'" '''''' ^'' ^ ^>''^°" '" fi"->i"fe' the solution for a recognized 40 dfticulty, and will undertake to give all reasonable facilities for tryiiJ the validity of th./r lUn f^ Charter, they may be sure that they will meet with fair and liberal' trf .tin , o f^r He M S Government are concerned ; but if on the other hand, the Hudson's Bay Company persisT b ded n n^ these erms and can suggest no other practicable mode of agreement, ^r E. Lytton'must hold hi "elf acquitted of further responsibility to the interest, of the Hudson's Bay Coin pan y and will takeb! necessary step,, lor closing a controversy too long open, and for securing aifini^eTd i m ;^1 i dl to the ,nater.al development of British North America, and the requirement. , .fan advancing ci^uttion the TndL' T^ T *' "'^'^' '^"\ "\'"f ' "'"' ''" ''''''"'^ "*■ '^'' •^''^'"^'^^ l'^«»«^ t« t'-ade in any part of the Indian Territory, a renewal wind, could only be justified to Parliament a.s part of a general arrange meut, adjusted on the principles of mutual concession, must become impo.^il ^ 60 ^ n i • T. ■'• have, etc., Captain Berens. . „ Caknarvok. 228 ApSx. The Deputy-Governor of the Hudson's Bay Company to the Colonial Skcreiary.' Sec. III. Oanadmn ■ HuDSON'S BaV HoUSE, Doeumrntt, ^otJ^^'- ^ ^ 10th November. 1858. *"'•""""" to whic^liTn ? *^'' ^"""T '" acknowledge the receipt of Lord Carnarvon's letter of the 3rd instant, HSr ''^ -i^unil^lli'^ '"""' " "" '""°"' "''' ''•' "'^^'' '"' '"'"'^'""^ '^ ^''" Company should not prior to the ' T f V. i Q - ^ rr;e«t'. to tLobfo'u .if. ' 7';"^P°""l'^"'='^ P^-^.'^ ^^'^^'- ^^e Colonlal Office and thi.s Company in reference '"""ll^ 1 u2e tl Tr '' ^ «-;tain par .es .n regard to the validity of the rights claimed by this Com- pany undei their Charter, and. under date of the 24th January. 18.-,(), Mr. B. Howes bv desire of Lord Grey, transnutted to Sir li. Pelly, the then Governor of this cLpanv. a copy of a let'teTlps^ to be 10 aTr^t at t.rw''""r '' • "T ^r'"'' ""' ''''' ^'^"'"P"^^'' ""^'^^ ^"^« th-^ 29th January. 1850. B^r ;^:\j:p::;;s i iit ^^r^^" '- " ^^^--^ ^^ ^^- ^--' - -^'^ «•« statet!*H'-^'''°'^'^'ir'?' '^ *''•' ^°'"P""y ^^« "°* '^'^^d' ""-l tt>« Law Officers of the Crown CoSr- 2n-!TZlnl£7^ "T' ''^""■^'''^' ''""P^^y^ '^"'' '''^y reco.nn.ended that ?^7"^^;"^- n?f T •''''.^'""■"''""'d be referred by Her Majesty to the Judicial Connnittee of the Privy Council lOth Xovem- On that occasion it was d stinctlv vtatn,] tlmf tv,„ ., .-*• ^ l ,. , , '""J' vyuunuu. ^'' ^'*^"' Resolnh-nn of fl, > n , ?''''^ ^^""^""i ^^^^ ^''^ P*'^'*'"" """^^ ^e conHned to the subject to which the tsolut on of the House of Commons of 5th July. 1849. extended-that subject being an enquiry into 20 the legality of certain powers claimed and exercised by the Hudson's Bay Company, under their ciar ter, but not questioning the validity of the Charter itself. No petition, however was then presented, and there the matter rested until the year 1857. when a s lect CO .nittee of t e House of Commons was appointed "to consider the state ofihe British po.'sos rrelt"tr"X'.'' -J'»--tratioa of the Hudson's Bay Company, or over which they pos'es.sed In the month of July, 18.-,7. a communication was made to this Company by Mr. Labouchero the f om rtw Offi''^'" - the Colonies, .ailing the attention of the Comp'an/ to'a statement received from the Law Othcers of the Crown, having reference solely to the t. .estion of th. geographical extent the :,•;:; s7 in •' T ''T'^''' '^^ '"^■"'•^^ •" '^^ ^^-^^ ^>' ^•-'- Charter.LLiLnding S 30 he uh.ect should be referred to the Privy Council, and stating that this could not be done, except by the con,sent of both parties namely. Canada and this Company. In reply to this communication, the Governor of the Company informed Mr Labouchere. under date 18th Jul>- 1857. that the Directoi. of this Company would be prepared to recommend to their shareholders to concur in the course suggested The suggestion now made to the Company, a.s set forth in the Address to Her Majesty from the Canadian Legislature, and to which my letter of the 12th ultimo had reference, is that they houl.l give heir consent to an inquiry before the Judicial Committee of the Privy Council, which Luiry it to nvolve not merely the question of the geographical boundary of the Territories claimeu by them but to challenge also the validity of the Charter, and, a^ a conse.,uence, all the rights and priviiges whirh It p.ofesses to grant, and which have been exercised by the C^ompany for a period of nearly 200 years. 40 in J-aZt r '"'^'"'"^' ''ir'^ ^" ^'"° '"*° '" ^^'' '"'^°"''* -^"t-gestcl by the Law Officers of the Crown m 8.,0. the Compaiiy will now. r.s it was then, be prepared to appear on that inquiry, i„ support o their rights, bu in that event no consent on their part will be necessary, nor. as I have alrea.iy observed was any consent asked for or suggested when the former inquiry was contemplated. But if'^the valid % o their Charter i.scif ,s to be called in question, the Committee feel that in justice to their aucra^obj^^ ^° '' ^""''^"^-^ parties to proceedings'institutel with 3(] » * 40 • StM. Papers, Can»J», 1869, Vol. 17, No. 7. kRT." r, 1858. 3rd instant, y should not in reference y this Corn- sire of Lord iposed to be 10 red to. In iiiary, 1850, ) which the the Crown to embody ended that vy Council, which the Kjuiry into 20 /heir Char- (7, when a i.sh po.ssps- / possessed ichere, the t received cal extent tiding that 30 except by !ation, tlie i rectors of suggested from the ould give iry is to -liem, but ;es which 100 years. 49 le Crown, ipport of observed, he valid- to their te'' '-^ I "-^ "«t -y how desirable it would be If Her Majesty s Government could then be prepared to aotify the decision of Canada. I have, etc., SO The Right Honourable Sir E. Head, Baronet, etc., etc., etc. E. B. Lytton. Lord Carnarvon to the Governor of the Hudson's Bat Company.* Downing Street, 28th January, 1859. SlR,-With reference to former correspondence on the pending questions between Her Maipstv'- Government and the Hudson's Bay Company. I am directed by Setetary Sir E BuLr LvUon to reques you will inform the Directors of the Hudson's Bay Company, tha't Her Maje ; G^^e „ment after the ma urest consideration, are not ,.epared to grant to the Company a renewa"^ for a term of years of the .cense of exclusive trade which they now enjoy over the Territories of North Welm 30 America, but which is not claimed under their Charter, and not included in British ColumWa At the same time, regard being had to the proximity of the period at which the present license will expire, namely, in May next, and the injury to the public interest in the r. ,ions comprised n Z hcense which m.gh in the present sta',. of things arise from its termination a, hatdate Her Maisty' Government are willing to grant the ..dson's Bay Company a fresh license for one yea . to c^mm nc from the expiration of the present lie use. wramence I have, etc., H. Berens, Esquire. Carnarvon. ■I . I' < Sois. Papers, Canada, 1869, Vol. 17, No 7. » K ^ 20 30 40 B i J ■;»>:«- 281 1858. the Queen saembly of the copies irtinent. line to be ter to the irs of the 10 •d a copy, brought to )vernment ' Advisers, )f Canada esirable it da. SO rroN. .859. Majesty's 'tton, to ernment, ; term of ■Western 30 it license d in the Majesty's )mmence '■ON. Toe Governor or the Hudson's Bat Compant to the Colonial Secretary.* Hudson's Bay House, London, February 2nd, 1859. SlR,-I have the honour to acknowledge the receipt of the Earl of Carnarvon's letter of the 28th ultimo, informing me that Her Majesty's Government are not prepared to grant to this Company a renewal, for a term of years, ,.f the license of exclusive trade over the Indian Territory, but that they are prepared to grant a fresh license for one year, counnoncing from the expiry of the present license. The subject being one of deep importance, and ref|uiring the consideration of the full Board, the Directors now in London feel that in the absence of the Deputy-Governor, who is in Scotland, but who 10 IS expected to arrive m London to-morrow, they ought to postpone coming to a decision until they have been able to consult with him. I have, however, called a special meeting of the Committee for Friday next, when the subject will be fully consi.lerod, and on Saturday I hope to have the honour" of transmitting to you the result of their deliberations. I have, etc., H. H. Berens, Oovemor. The Right Honourable Sir E. B. Lytton, Baronet, etc., etc., etc. Joint Affknoix. Sm. III. f'nnadian ilocHiitentii, ftuit i'Drrrt' futtlftftlCf Ik I mm thi: ('oh)tiinl Stfnttirtt and the flitdHnn'a Baftt'uinjiantjf prttir to the ' mrriiidiT nf theComjHtnij'g r!aim>. H\uUoii'a Bay f"inpiiii.v to Ciiloiiiul Sec- retary, 2nd Feb., Itea. The Gcvn.vaR of the Hudson's Bay Company to the Colonial Secretary.* 20 ^ Hudson's Bay House, London, 8th February, 1859. Sir,— With reference to my letter of the 2nd instant, I have now the honour to inform you that I Hudson^ Bay have this day laid before the Bo:.rd of Directors of the Hudson's Bay Company, the letter addressed to Coim.iaiVec me by Lord Carnarvon on the 28th ultimo. His Lordship, by your directions, therein informs me, that iV'j"-y-,«i'' Her Majesty's Government are not prepared to grant to the Company a renewal of the license under " ' "' the Act of 1st and 2nd G<;o. IV., cap. 66. But regard being had to the expiration of the present license m May next, and the injury to the public interests in the region comprised in the license which might in the present state of thingj arise from its termination at that date, Her Majesty's Government Ire willing to grant to the Hudson's Bay Company a fresh license for one year, to commence from the 30 expiry of the present license. The Board direct me respectfully to decline that offer. The acceptance on their part of the license for any period of shorter duration than that which has been usually granted ance the passing of the Act above mentioned, would, in their opinion, only further increase the inconveniences resulting from the state of suspen e in which the question has been kept for the last two years ; so far from strength- ening, it would paralyze their authority even within their own Territory, from the impression it would create of the approaching termination of that authority. They do not require, and never have applied for, the license for the purposes of their trade. The Act passed at their suggestion in 1821 was intend- ed for the preservation and maintenance of peace and order in the whole of the Indian Territories. These had been grievously compromised by conflicts of the servants of rival traders, whose interests ^Q were about that time united ; no means are provided in the Act f.)r the enforcement of its provisions, 80 as to give additional protection to the trade. The intelligence of the renewal of the license for a year would not even reach a large portion of the posts of the Company before that period had expired. The Board beg respectfully again to bring under your review the whole of the correspondence and proceedings which have had reference to this subject since their first application, dated December 22ud 1856. for a renewal of the license. J I '1 I ♦ S«as. Paper*, Canada, 1559, Vol. 17, No. 7. 232 i«l III iiPl Joint Appkndu. Sue. III. Canailian Ihieitminln, mill C'lrna- pntulnicr Utiirtn the I'liliiiiiiil ^i'rctari/ and thf Hitilniiii'i BiiiH'iiiii/iinii/, jirmr tn the sum niti r nf thr('i}in/Miiii/d elaimt. Huilson'B Buy Compiiiiy to Colonial Secrutiiry, 8th Febru- »ry, 1859. Tn consoqth.nc'.. of fliat, applinition. ,uvl of tl... M|.pro;uhinrr perio.l of tl.o oxpirntion of tho existing hcvusv tl.o lat.. Secretary ol State Cor the <-'olonius. Mr. Lahouehere, referre.l tl.e nmtter to the considera- tion of a Conuiuttee of tlio Hoiwo of Cnunous. Much evidence was taken before that Coinn.ittee. The Jiounl, thronnh th,. medium of their late Chain.mn, Mr. Sheplierd.cmn.uut.icated fully their opinions and intent.nns with n sptrt to the past and future interests of the Huds.m's Bay Company, in a letter to Mr. Lalmuehere, dated the iHth Jtily, I8:,7, whieh was laid before that Committee. For fear that that letter may have .scaped your r .(.lleetion, they think it essential at this moment to transmit a copy of It for your information : no chan-e has taken place in the situation of the Company, nor in any circum- stances connected with their artairs, to induce the Directors to change in any respect the couiso which tiiey have announced to Her Majesty's Covernment it was their intention to pursue. Nor have they at lo any time, „, any subse.p.eut communication, departed, or intended in any respect to depart, from the pnuciple.s on winch they then intended, and still intend to act. The Board were then as nnich aware a.s they are now of the unpopularity attaching to the existence ot the mon<.poly. That consideration made it more essential that they should weigh with the greatest ^ut.on every st.p in their proceedings which might entail further personal re ponsibility upon them No monopoly can be upheld on any ground short of a conviction of its nece.ssity as the best if not the only means of accomplishing some exceptional object. The Board have therefore entreated that the Government might, in the first instance, decide the question of the maintenance or abolition of the nionopo y.e.ther for the present or fur any future purposes for which it may be require.! If better means can be devise.l of maintaining order and peace in the Indian country, and for the prot.cti..n of the In- 20 dian Tribes from the evils which have hitherto been foumi , n.separable from competition in the trade as we 1 a.s for the colonization an.l agricultural improvement of the Territory, the question of the abolition of the Hudson 8 Bay Company should only be one of just indemnity to the shareholders for their leual rights and interests. ° If, on the other hand, it shoul.l be foiuvl impossible to devise better means for the Government of the country the ha d, of the Directors sh.;a! ! be strengthened to enable them t,. fulfil the piblic purposes for which their services have l.eencousider.3de(ficie.;t and satisfact..ry for the last forty years • any dimi- nution of tlie CO Hdence ami support they have hitherto received from the Government, or even a ly ap- pearance ot It, would weaken their power both with Indians and settlers in the country The above course w„ul,l not be inconsistent with any extension of coloniz.itiou or settlement which either Her 30 Majesty s Government oi the G..vernment of Canada can have in view in that part of Her Majesty's do- minions now possessed or ocnipied by the Company, or with the accomplishment of all the objects re- cominen.led m tl.e Report of the Co.uu.ittee of the Hou.se of Commons. The Boar.1 lamented to s.'e, an.l have hitherto abstained from ad v.M-ting to some expressions in your letter of the :3,.,l November last, imputing to them un.-easouable conduct in not accepting some terms of Ciiupromise which it is alleged had been offered to them. In that letter it is stated, "that you entertain an anxious -lesire to come to some equitable and conc.lutory arraug.mient by which all e.,..itable claims of the FI,.ds.>n',s Bay Company should be fairly considered, in reference to the privileges they may be ro(piired to surren.ler." A . Only two propositi.ms have been ma.le to the Boar.l. The first is a letter from Mr. Merivale un.ler 40 date the 20th January, 18.18, by which it was proposed to refer the question of the Compmy's' boun- daries t.. the Ju^licial Com.nittee of the Pnvy Council, but distinctiv stating that Her MajestYs Government, .m p.iblic ;;roun.ls, di.l not consider themselves authorized to raise the question of the validity of the Charter itself, and that if any parties in Cana.la proposed to take measures for that purpose. Her Majesty s Government must leave them to take that course on their own respon.sibility To that proposition t.he boar.l gave their unhesitating consent. The other propositi,.n to this Company which was conveycl by your letter of tl.e 3r.l September, l8o8, and subse<,uently by that of the >d November following, was to the effect,, that this Company should voluntarily concur in some inquiry 21 80 40 ho existing considera- littec The tin ions and a letter to tliat that i a copy of n}' circum- UHO wliich ve they at lo ', from the ! I'xistence e greatest pon them, if not the 1 that the on of the tor means of the In- 20 3 trade, as abolition heir legal •nment of ! purposes any (limi- 1 It ly ap- 'he above ither Her 30 li^ty'ti do- bjocts re- s in your terms of nble and be faiily le, under 40 's bouu- Iijesty's 1 of the for that isibility. otnpany t!)e 3rd inquiry »u rrrmlrr i- »" "'■ with Her M.Jc,t,', a„v,rnn..„t „ jlujIntlLwS.' °'''""' '" "" ""■" ''""""" '"''""» Sr" i<.j;;.tiiio., i„ »„„„.!„« e„ . r.f.r„z T v'^ ir:'tt:„t'^i:7"'r'"; ","' "'"""■' '"-' - ''"'" *='" disposirig of their nronertv TKn „ • . t"^''P"et'vy rights of their sbarvhoiders as in gratu tousiy «'«"'"• h Jnot been shaLn ^t^^ ^IZTZ ^VZl"''^'''' f^'^ '™ •"^"^''"" "" ''''''' '^^ «^-'- "" mittee. ' "'' '■'^*' Attorney and Solicitor- General, laid before the Com- to surrender" ButM Hu Ison' Ba r " ' '," '■'^""'" '° ''' P''"''''^" ^'^^^ '->' ^« ->--d with the conditions on wli^ th„ P ^ [^ojnp.ny have invariably expresse.l their readiness to ,• ',„p|y the license. '^' ^"""'"^" "^ ^"^"^ "'^'^^^ «»' ^-amons recom.uende.l the renewal o^ 20purpi::Xru:Uer::::i^:":r:^^,°;^^^'"^"^^ ™ -^ ^« wanted, for the „..„.. 3., may be available for cultivation In 1 h, . Territories on the Red River or Saskatchewan, which C""'r«ny / principles to U.e delion f P .^^^'^''^^^t- «" " «q"it"ble principles." They a.v ready to leave those S-tal!; Lei:i;i:^^r The;arewiili^.g,ifiti.seo:-L^^'--- arrangements sha Ibe 3Tf th'TtH 'T"'T f ''• "' ^"'^ ""' *'^ ^^^"*°"- »"''' -'«1»-^ conce.ie,in tl,. n.eant me lanis tl sett "' "1 administration by some other authority, and to Secretary of Sute. a:dTn'a y" 1^- :ay t:;!!: H r mT t"^ ' T '' "'"'^"^'""•^"'*"' '' '''' ^^''-^^'^ they umv entertain, whether for the 3 „ f \ . • ^^ l' ""^^''^'n^nt '» «»ch ultt-rior views as or of placing them ^nder tile Lemren'tTf Can:d: "' ^'"° ^^'"''"^^ ''' ^" "^^'^'^^"^^"^ -^-^' 80 parts'ouSnd fsTppZdT telt : T'^'mT ^ ''^'- ^""^^ ^" "^"™'^^^' -^^--^ '" -'> careful at the .same ti.eCt „ involve thrliiriot^h ^ T' n "^ i-provement. They have been description Their nrincioal obi Tk '"' ^.'P'^'^) '^^ ^\^ shareholders ,n hopeless speculations of this to Lor'l Selkirk vh^sSsh the rvr^^, ^Z *'' '" '"'^ "' ^'^ ^^""^^^'^ '^''^^ '-'« ^ g>-t with the I>u.et slund Coml^n^^^ ""'T^"' ''^ '^' ""''' I^--> -^ "->« arrangements « fecund Company for same purpose on the territories beyond the Rocky Mountains tracre was granted il w "o'm ht betterT '^ '"."'^ P"'^""^ "'"^^'^ '''''' ""''-• -'-'^ *'"' 'icen^e of bothofco,LyanJtrr:;s:^t:c:m^^nr^ .n re-purcha.sed the Red River Settlemonf „n I ""e autlu.nty. The Hudson s Bay Company then 40 in it. But owin. to h I um^"an e of tl ""T '^"'^f ^""'''•'^ ^» -— .^"^ -1 l»-tect s..ttlers •narkets. an-l the difficu^v o^^ ™^^^ ^r "^■' "" '"'•'*-"-»•■>' "'' ^'^ ^"i-^te. the remoteness of • with bu; little success "^ of communication, they acknowledge that their efforts have ben attended with^ti!:^i::;"r ttia!:, t^tir '"'''v' t- 'i ^"^■^■""^^- -^ '- - '^--- -'^■^ ^^ ' ^rrrc!z:;::5Sr^ { -u-.m ui. tneir sni[.s and uieans of conveyaage lov supplies. 30 1 234 ApPKNhii "^' ''^^'*^^'""' ^'"'' SecreUry of State sees fit to recoiwiilor IiIh dcriMon to withdraw the iiconse, tiio ''<""■'' will willingly cndoavoiir to coiunir in any ineasini's liy wliioh the harul.s of tlur Govoiniiifnt may cai^iian '■'^'"•*'" ""Ipttered, with re.tpfct to imy policy wliich changf.'i in Aruuiica niigiit hereafter recommend, j)oihf ' that there Hhould be no interval between the cessation of tlieir authority and the sulistitution of some Mj^rTmywHy't '''■'''^'' ^^ I»event or ululate, in as tar iis lliat may be possible, the interterenoo of strangers with the riaimt^ Indian tribes, and thu renewal of the disorder.s for the prevention of which the Act of I and 2 Geo. IV., 10 ^"."In','.'.! !?„",? *'*!'• ^^' ***• P'l'*''''''- 'f^'f H"gge.stion they would submit to your consideration is, that the licen.se mijrht Colonial Sec- oe renewed to the Hud.sons Bay Company for the usual period of 21 years, with a reservation of power Feb.7i869. '<> the Crown to withdraw it at any time on a notice of two years. They make this suggestion to shew their di.sposition to a-ssist the Government in the difKculties which they are fully aware beset this question. But the Board direct me to repeat, that they cannot undertake the responsibility of remain- ing charged with iie care of order and peace in the Indian rountry, under the teinporai-y grant of a license which would almost carry with it an acknowledgment of tlie doubts whiuh have been thrown upon their rights, and convey an impression of the weakness and willing submission of the Board to the clamour by which taeir administration has unjustly been assailed. Colonial Sec- retary to Governor- General, 11 Feb., 1859. I have, etc.. T. W. Berens. 20 The Riglit Honourable Sir E. B. Lytton, Baronet, etc., etc., etc.. The Colonial Secbetauy to the Goveh.vor-General.» Downing Stueet, 11th February, 1859. Sir,— In the course of the interview which passed between Messieurs Cartier, Ross, and Gait, and my.sclf, during the visit of those gentlemen to this country in October last, I understood from them that it was the intention of the Government of Canada to undertake legal proceedings in this country against the Hudson's Bay Company, il" that Company should refu.se to allow the validity of their Charter to be tested by agreement before the Judicial Committee of the Privy Council. 80 It was in consequence of this umlerstanding that I addressed to you my despatch of the 22nd December lost, informing you of their refusal. It was my hope that I should receive an answer to that despatch, expressing in definitive terms the resolution arrived at by the Canadian Government, before the meeting of the Imperial Parliament, and it now becomes necessary that I should press on you the importance of my receiving such an answer * immediately, in order that Her Majesty's Government may determine on the course to be taken by themselves. I have, etc, The Right Honorable Sir E. Head, Baronet, etc., etc., etc. E. B. LrrroN. 40 ♦ Seas. Papers, Cunada, 1869, VoL 17, No. 7. 2( 30 40 icense, tlio iiiciit may scuiaiiiuud, jIvoh, in a that tlioy i oasontial 1 of some ^ witli tlie iGeo. IV., 10 use might I of power n to Hhow beiiet thiH if remain- ;rant of a ■n tlirown ard to the 20 RENa. 1859. Gait, and hetii tliat 1 country of their SO tho 22nd .erins the lent, and a answer alcen by roN. 40 2.1« The Un.,eh-Secrktahv to the G„vkiixor of thk Hudsons Bay Compant.* UowNiN' '""' 'It'fonco of it.s coii.iiict; and it becomes necessarv iLt Sir conu„u„k..L ^ "'•"■"'' " Uo,e„,„,„„l, Wf.,r,. !,„ replie, to tl „,re urgent part „f y.„r lain to state at tlie ontHet that Sir P n r.... _ t. • , . despatch, copy of which is .Jul^T.^i \ " T ''""''^ *'"™ *^' ^°^^'-"°'- "^ ^ana-la a L..,'.slat,Me before d^^i.rwri;e^^U^ '"'-u "" '""' «— "^^ -^1"- to consult the Oo:npany. ^ "-' """^ "^''^ "■■ ^•'" °''^ ""'»-^'^ke legal proceedings against the due ^'c!;l't :^r;!^':;H^;;";:^f ^^' ^-t ^"^^ '^ i" "-^ '■« --•^ p--^^-'- ^^ ^^ obviously answer fron. the Pro i c b ,t t i ai'o"l"'" , ^TT^' '" fT"' "" ''"•^"""^^ ^""« for a definite Territories should ho settl^d^t" co^ ^ t 7^ ^1 t^" whole ,,,.esUon reganling tho Charter 20 the Governor-(Jenerai ■ C un ". thn Th ' ? "'"' *^ '' ^"^ ^'^'^'^''^'^ "'tention to inform utntrai ctui !p. tliat if tho an.swer ilues not arrive bv the Ist of Mr,, w„, \k • . < Government must fe-: : t»iem.elv< • free to act. ^' Majesty a To return to the trf i - ral subj-ct of your letter. the ell'i't wtTe'::;: :;rtho':i,it'"'' r";"'r ,f/"' •»'»" "■" •''""-' •'■'"■-"«»• ■■»' .avant,,,,,,,f .„ch, .ehenlo ; ttvfeer.. eL:::i'rL:l T'M' *'""''T "" '"'"'"" .l»olutely nullilie,! it. A .leeisiol, ., t., , ,e Ti',,, . f P r . "'" 1"'" '" "'« l"oc™Jing. would have been practically ...Tle..! '" "'° """" P""" "^ "■= P^^'-iing. «nd to ni. a.tai,,,„c„t, t,,ey aret; t;ic :i;i';t;i;it;? r;'^ ll^^^ 40 from ll,ircl,„i,Ti' '-vcnmcntcf C„a.l.. rather than by detailed suggestior^ emanating . It. validity of the . I.artcr il^df a d thev ". . T """'I' '* " »" '" ■»". ""l the li.nil. but conaent of the three partJeVl'LTd ' ' ' """■"• "'°'"-'"' ""' "'" "'» I-" -I"- "ytha o, i^b fuiy, S,°:,;icr.'i'r:?r[ ::;?nrs ™:f:„r:?"'7^ 'r-^^"- '"^'-'■' """ .-. ana a .u.ic . xtended as regards ba.-,kaleiiewan, in yours, which Joint ApmNinx. Bk. mi (hnmlian ntui form- imruicner Oft wren th>' Viihmiat Sferrlarit and thr Hudmm'i lifii/l'timpany, prior l„ tlie 114 rremler of the ( 'imipany't dams. ITnder-Sec- ri'tary to lliidHon'ii Buy Com- [mny, ath 'arch, 1869. Mo " >! "IE 286 Joint he is now answeiinjr. FIc must ho permitted to say that thoao [irojiosiils, though conceived with the — ■ sinceivst dusiie to avoid litigation, liy no means met tiie exigencies of tiic case. Sec. III. _. 1 • I Canaiimn 1 hosc proposals sUHply wcro (for the present purpose) to relinquish to Government " land fit for jjoeumnitA, cultivation and the estalilislimcnt of agricultural .settlers," — land aa vet una.scertaini-d, and in all proba- anil < orrtg- I'l..! ■■■ vonilenee oility, lor the prt'sent, but tnthng m e.xtent. Of I If rrn the Cohniai Such a!i offer he could hardly liave considered from the beginning sufficient, but it ha.s become, from (A,' ifjiim't siibsetiUL'nt causes (using the phrase without the slightest imputation on the motives of those who made f,r;l'r3'"''' ■''• '''''*''T' '^''"' occupation of firitish Columbia has rendered more urgent than ever a policy even rA(TCmi«'r«'* ^''■'^"^' *^'"^'' '^'""-' I'L'commended by the coui-so of events, namely, to connect the two sides of British eiainu^ North America, without the obstacle interposed by a proprietary juris>liction between them. The 10 difKeulty of maintaining the jurisdiction of the Hud.son's Bay Company over that intervening region became daily more evident, an 1 the certainty also that if any attempt were made to maintain it. Her M ije.sty's Government would be called on to furnish the mean.s. On the other hand, it appears to be tlie geni'ral opinion, amoni^ lawyeis, that the monopoly of trade claimed by the Company (under the Charter) is invalid altogether, and that this monopoly could only be defeniled indirectly, by jiushing to extreme limit« the conseipience of a most invidious territorial grant, enabling the Company, as landlord.s, to e\clu lo traders as trespassers. Sir E. 15. Lytton cannot at all, therefore, agree with the Directors in referring the ])recarious position of the Company to the mere general unpopidarity of monopolies. The weakness of their case arose, and still arises, from causes far more special and urgent, and it was obvi(Hisly to be apprehended that Her Majesty's Government might, as protectors of the right of her 20 subjects gem-rally throughout the empire, be called on to defend the claimants of a.ssumed rights, which ^tar'l'tf'Hml- '"'^'' «iev<'r been fairly submitted to investigation. It was quite inqwssible for them to be contented in Bage and the investment of exten.sive capital on the faith of supposed rights might fairly entitle them ; 40 and although Her Majesty's Government could not of course give any distinct pledge in this latter event, no one acipiainted with the general desire of Parliament to do justice to vested interests would be likely to apprehend serious danger. In short, a-* the nniin at>l perhaps the sole pracwlcal difficulty in coming to the most nmioable arrangenniUs with the Company appears to lie in ascrtaining riot so much the amount of conipen.sation as the prinvi'riinr- (iciii'r.il, loth .Marcli, 1«5'J. The Colonial Secretary to the Guveunoh-Gknkrai,.* Downing Street, 10th March, 1859. Sill,— With reference to foiinor correspondence on the sul.ject of the affairs of the Hudson's Bay Company, I now transmit to you a copy of a correspouience which has taken place between this ' Department and the (jovernor and Committee of that Company, on the subject of the approaciiing expiration of their trading license in North-Westen. America. You will observe that, as that licensl expires in May next, H.-r Majesty's Gov.'rnment could not avoid entertaining,' the question, although they would have preferred waitiuj,' for the decision of the Canadian ( Jovernment as to trying the validity of the Charter, in order that the whole subject niijrht be disjjosed of tt)gether. ° 10 With respect to this latter question, it is impossible for Her Majesty's Government to allow the (iresent session of Parliament to pass by without endeavouring to use it for the settlement of pending (piestions. 1 have, therefore, to add, that unles.s I receive by the 1st of Mav next the decision of the Canadian Government and Legislature, whether they will or will not contest the validity of the Cha.-ter, Her Majesty's Government must proceed, thotigh with reluctance, to take such steps as to the Charter Territory, whether in the way of negotiation, legislation, or legal proceedings, as they may be a.lvised Ample care will, however, in any case, [be taken] to reserve and protect whatever claims of right Canada may hereafter establish. I have, etc., fPi n- t rT ^ ^- i^YTTON. 20 Ihe Right Honourable Sir Edmund Head, Baronet, etc., etc., etc. Iflrf V t HudnoiiH Bay Comimiiy ti> Colonial. S.mpany to the Colonial Skcretart.* Hud.son'8 Bay House, March 15, 1859. Sir,— I have the honour to acknowledge Mr. Under-Secretary Merivale's letter of the 5th instant and lose no time, after consulting with my colleagues, in replying to it. With respect to the chartered rights of this Company, I can only repeat that my colleagues and niy.self are unanimous in considering that we cannot, in justice to our proprietors, be consenting patties to any imjuiry wliieli shall lie-a for its object to challenge the validity of the charter; i.nd we feel convinced that in any discu.ssion that 89 may ari.se heiora Parliament, that body will boprepare-l to act upon the maturely considered opinion whieh was given l)y the then Law OtHcers of the Crown, when the whole mutter wu.s .submitted to tlicii' eonsi.ieration. I refer to the opinion of .Sir liichard Hetliell and Sir Henry Keating, in July, 18.57, in which they state that " the (piesti.ms of the validity and construction of the Hudson's Bay Company's charter cannot be considered apart from the enjoyment that has been had under it during nearly two centuries, and the recognition made of the rights of the Company in various Acts both of the Gov , rn- ment and the Legislature ;• and " tliat nothing could be more unjiut or more oppo.sed to the s] ,nt of our law, than to try this charter as a thing of ye.sterday, upon principles which might be deemed applicable to it if it had been granted within the last ten or twenty year*.." They then go on to stiite, that in their -ninion the Crown couhl not now with justice raise the 40 question of the general validity of the charter, a that on every legal principle the Company's territorial ownership of the lands granU-.l and the rights necessarily incidental thereto (as, for exampl.-, the right of excluding from thei." territory persons acting in violation of their regulations), ought to be deemed to be valid. ♦Sew. P»per«, Canad», 1869, Vol. 17, No. 7. 1859. on's Bay r'een this )roacliing at license although } validity ,llow the pending n of the Clmi-ter, Charter advised, of right 10 TON. 20 859. iiLstant ImrtereJ isidering he> for lion that SO opinion litted to ly. 1«57. inpany's irly two Gi>vt>m- apait of deemed ■aise the 40 nitorial ho right loined to 239 The Board are awaro that it is competent to the Canadian Government to disregard ihese principles, however ju.st and well founded ; but they cannot hut iument to see. by a despiitcli. under date December 22, IS.'JH, and published by (he Provim-iai legislature, that tlie Cana.lian Government should have been invited .y H.^r Majesty's Governniet.t to adopt such a poliey— a course so opposed to that which was en-.nciated by Mr. Ubouehere, in his despatch to Sir Edmund Head of the 22nd January, 18.58, in which be Jistuictly states that he did not propo.se to di.scuss the cpiestion of validity uf the claims of this Com- pany over the whole territory known a.s Ruperts Land, Her Majesty's (iovemment having come to the conclusion that it would be impossible for them to institute proceedings with a view to raise this question before a lej.'al tribunal, without departing from those principlaa of equity by which their 10 conduct ought to be guided. It is to be regretted that delay should ari,se on the part of the Canadian Government in determining the course which they have thus l)een invited to take. If such proceedings are ultimately determined upon for the purpose of contesting the validity of the charter, we shall be prepared to maintain the rights of our proprietors. With regard to your suggestion that the license should be extended for a period of two years instead of for one year, as before proposed, 1 bog to state that all the material objections to such a propo.sal which were pointed out in my former letter (8th February, 1«59), with respect to the proposed extension of one year, apply equally to an extension for two years. I beg, however, distinctly to state, that in declining to accept a renewal of ti.e license for a period of two years, that refusal in no way proceeds, as -SO you propo.so to assume, upon a conviction in our minds that injury to the public interest may not be the consequence of the absence of proper measures for maintaining peace an.l order in the territories in question; on the contrary, our reas,.n for declining to undertake the preservation of peace uf>on an exteasion of the license for the peiiod of two years, only arises from our conviction that such an extension would not secure to the Company a eontinuancu of the weight and influence they have hitherto enjoyed, an.l to enable them to prevent the threatened mischief so short an extension would be considered as evi.lence of the intention of Her Majesty's Government to determine their privile.res altogether at the end of that term, and would deprive them of all moral influence over the parties frequenting those territories. We consider tha» the proposed extension would only give so much more time for excitement and 30 agitation, and would produce a state of things among the unsettled population on the fronti -r which might with difficulty be controlled by any subsequent administration to be established on the removal of the authority of the Company. • In the opinion of the Board, there is no alternative between maintaining the present system in its former etticiency, or providing by legislation a totally different Government, which should possess the means of ensuring a |)roper administration in tiie Ini>euiiiint», anil I'lirrm- fumiltncf Itt'tintn till ( 'a/imiat Sieriliirii and Oil Hmtiinnt liiiiii 'i>»i;Kiny, priitr to the turrinilir af thr i 'iimpany'i c/aimt. Hudson's Bay Ciiiii|iariy to Ciiliiiiinl SecTetiiry, 1.'. .March, 185». The Colonial Secretart to the Governou- General.* Downing Sfreet, 18th March, 1859. Sir,— With reference to former correspondence on the subject of the aflaiw of the Hudson's Bav Company I have now to inform you that the Governor an.l Directors have finallv declined the proposal "'".t'^'t^" made to them by Her Majesty's Goverment, on public grounds, of an extension of their license for two f'ZZ'' yean, (instead of one, as originally ofl-ered). The correspondence shall be transmitted to vou bv the J^^arcb. mail, as tnera is n.)t liuie for thi. nresent. ' ' pi > 8e»«. P»perB, Canada, 1850, Vol. 17, Na 7. Joint Appkniux. Sec. HI. I'diid'fKtn ami i 'ttrrrit- iKimliiier ttftirrtn lilt ('ii/„niiil Srerrtarii and thr J/iidiuin'g prnir III l/ir ' aurrrmirr of thfi V/l/iyMI fl !/'« clainu. 240 consilllation'r*' T"^T\ '^" ^'"T "'" "''^"" '^"'^ ^'' ^''^'''y'' Qovera^ent have now under conMcle.at.on the .steps wlucl. .t n.ajr be necessary to take in consequence of that expiration. relatilrt^tn m1' '%°'''™ '''' '^" circumstance renders tl.o di.spo.saUf the pending que.stiouB r lat.^ e to the charter of even more urgent neces.sity than it was before. The question as to the future b Z: ? '— f«-'--- a,.d of the charter territories being so closely connected, i U i r* '"" TT";' ' "' ' r'""" '""' *'" ''"'"^'^'•^'" •^"-- "f >-- 0"v.-rnmeut. whether t is proceedLl!;. ' """ " " '""' ' ''^'"^*^''' "' '" ""^ °^'^'"- '"-"«'• ■-''**« ^^o necessary I have, etc, The Right Honourable ^- ^ ^^™'"'- ^'^ Sir E. Head, Baronet, etc., etc., etc Giiveriiiir- • ii'iicral til Ccilimiul- Secrctarv, 4th A|.ill, 1800. The Governok-Ge.veral to the Coloniai. Secketart.' GOVERNMKNT HoUSE, „ . Toronto, April 4th, 1859. SIR,-! regret very much that I have not been able before this to send any definite reply to your No, 102._22n.l Deco.nb.r, 1858. ''^'^P'^tches (the dates and numbers of which are marked on the margin) N.,. 25. -lltli February, 1859. ''elating to the charter of the Hudson's Bay Company The first of these' No. 43.-18th Marc.., 1859. repeatedly pres.sed the members of that bo.ly for their formal opinion on thH ..nportant .natter. They have frequently discussed the subject, and I fully admit that it is one which requires careful consideration. . J- '^ "i mao is one defined " "''""' boundaries of Canada should be accurately aid speedily ProvitiirP .'?'' '^r' ^;"^'""'' ^*^ 7'''""""^' "'" ""'""^ '"'•'° *•>« «"bj«°t °f 'I'-^i^^n by the iTovincial Parliament in the course of the present session. I have, etc., gQ Tk„ p- r,i Tr .1 Edmund Head ihe Right Honourable "i^au. Sir E. B. Lyttori, Baronet. etc, etc., etc. Joint Ad»re,ss of the L.oi,sl..tive Council and Asskmbi.y of Canada to Hek Majestv, 29th Ai'iiii,, 18.)!if w ,,, . c, • 'J'o the Queen's Moat /Excellent M'ljeatu. Adclrpg. of ih.. ^l"'''' (iracious Sovereign : •' ^ Cttiiiuliaii ^Jlr"" ,. , ^"•.^;:"- *I'\i-'f --t 'lutiful and loyal sulye..t.. the Legislative Council an,l Assembly of ^X&'l^^Z ' *'^''"^"'-^-- ''"J. '•"■"% approach Your Majesty for the purpose of repre- 40 therewith 'I'he 'v' ''"' "T'"" ';""^'''7^'"" ^^'^ -»'J«ct of the Hudson's Bay Oompan;. an.l. in connection the,e,^i,.,(he vanous despatches from the Colonial Secretary, dated respectively the twenty-second ^layoTI^ember h.t. the eleventh of February last, the tenth of Maroh la.t. L the cigh^e^S^^ 20 30 40' •Sm. P»iier», Canada, 1859, Vol. 17, No. 7. t Joumali Lpgi*lativ8 Awuiiibly, Canada, li-SO, p. 464. 241 now under ^ questions J tlui future iiuioctod, it i^liether it is • intention, i necessary YTTO.V. 10 1859. \y to your 10 margin), rst of these nd I have 20 opinion on it is one vise steps inion that i speedily Q by the [ead. 30 iTY, 29th Mulily of of ropre- 40 nneition y -second oenth of Miircli Inst, and tho Address to Y to the propositions contained in that Addi our Majesty l>v the f fjPL'islatiire of riinada in its luMt S essioii, wf adlien of Your Alaj.'sty's (Jovernnient That , and dusiro respeclfiilly to urge tlieni upon tlie considerat ion the (• a ■ " /; 1 " ""^ ' ""' '" '" •'■•'"'"' "f"" ^" """"^*" ^''^' 'l'"^-^tion of the validity of a. of Canada, and ,.s, .f the Charter 1,.. invalid, sui.ject to Imperial and not Provincial control ■ avd t:t ;:.::?;;::;:;'; T ""*:"'::' 'r '"""•" *' '-' '^'^'-'•'^•"^ ^"""''' ""* ••« "-'^ ^^ ''^p-'' ' « ^' Wm .'•'' "■ ''''"' '•'■ " *'""'^ "♦' '^"^^ "" tl'« validity or extent of the Charter but lu wun by the Imperial Government iil()?U!. .uul I'r*' '•' '" ^'Zf''"' "^'^ ''••'^'•^'' ^''''^i"'-- '>" the shores of the Pacific, and the prospect of inunediate andex en.^. s^tlen.ent therein, render it of i .native necessity that the vast ei„f of eoun " y^ coWi'r " "'"'' ^'"""'' '■"'"^' '■"'• """"^^'''^^•^ organisation, with a vfew t^ „n I Tr^ ""I-'m ''!" '"'^.'";^^"* "''•i«''t^ '^I'ovc alluded to can only l.e accon.plished hy the interference and t.on ot t e I.npenal (iovornn.ent, yet Canada feels that, as a portion Ji the En, ire in n . eat n ^^^ '■'• ^T'"'^ '" "'-"'^' "'""' ^'"""' ^"^'^'y''^ tiovenunent the final .lis, osition of the o geatq est.ons; and,., do.ng so, she desire, to acknowledge the g.vat inte.vst the.ein whid Y mr .toisr Al'l'KNIi.X. S.-C. Ml. I'liniiiliitn mill ('orris- ii"llifi'lh'r hihfif It till iiilimini •Siir'liirii II ml thi Hti'h'tu^a liinti 'I'ln/Ktny, )iri.,r t'l till mirrni'lrr of till <'oiii/ianii'i> r 'ill HIS, Addri'ss of till' • 'imailian I'nrliainnnt t« tlrr Majfsty,2!Hli A|iril, lM6i'. PttOCLAMATION OF T..K CoVKHNOU-CJeskuaL, 27Tn AtUHST, 18.-,9, CuKATINU T..,: PkOV.S.ONAL Jl'DiclAr, DiSlhUT OK Ar.fJOMA.* [Extnict— Descilptioii of thu Bouiidiiriei. ] 30 m.t » th.. I .ov ...c s,.„the. ly to the southerly li...it the.-eof ; thc.ee alon,,^ the said so.itherly limit of ''""""^ he 1 ro v.nce to u pon.t u. Luke Hu.o.. opposite to the southern ext.e. icy of the G.ea, Ma i 0.1^^ Island thence ea«te.ly and north-easterly, so as to i..elu,le all the islan.ls in Lake 11^1 , "wi h n the settled l.nuts of any county or district, to the place of beginning. The GoVEKNOK-GKNKltAI, T.. THE Coi.O.NIAL SECRKTAnY.f QlIKUK ', MV LOUD «i'KE,-I have the honour to enclose to your Grace a Minute of the Kxecutive Couucil appn.ved by n.ysel , .n .vfc-ence to the p.-priety of taking son.e steps towards carrving in > h" n ';■'=• ,,,]\'^'^'";';''.''!:^''''''^ ^.tU. in which If„lly concur '"*'" that I do .,ot tl...,k .t uecessa.y to t.oublo your Grace with any observations of my own on the subject. I have, etc.. To His Grace tho Duke of Newcastle, *'"''^'^- etc., etc., etfl. >4. .*ii ^ CiDiiiiU (iiisttu, 18£9, p. 2154. + 8eM. PApera, On.iada 18UJ, V.il. 22. N.i i'4-' •Jui.tr APPKNIIIX, Hit. III. unit I'lirrtM fniliilrnrr hftwti n thr I'nIlDllill ThK rril, l.SUi'. My Loud— 1 Imvi. tlie hononr td ni'kn..\vlw)g.> tlit- r.-cipt of voiir [,(,r(l-lM|.'H (le.s|.at(li, No. 44, of i>,rr..N„„„i ^''° ^^'' '^'*''''' '"'■^'"'■'''"^^''^'^'' '"**••'*' '*<'"'""''ti«'""'ft,liu KxitutivoCoumMl .:f C'nna.ia, in r.ftreiico ArrrMry'L/''' ^l>'M''"'1'''''ty ''f titkiii^fsoii^ camlng iiito efll-ct, in tliu Snskatclitwiin tirriti.ry the jl::.,r"mt»«'i>, l"""^'-^'"'"^ -J'' t''"-' Inil- rial AH, -Jli uiul 23 Vict., Ca\>. 2(i. prior tn the riii • w l i . , lurrrmi.rnf ^ '"s aiiiiiite |'rocet.'il.s i:, d.\ Ubsuniptioii tliiit a «i-t«in Act of PiuIiaiiH'iit WHS piisM'.! in ..nl«.r to ct,>«r''''-"''"'"*r''''"'^''*'^''^''«'nt, in tho concluding section, tliat it should not be applicable to 10 fll'i *" ^'-•'■"^"•;"-'''. ''iTftoforo granted to tl..^ liu.lson's Bay Coinfany. Tho.se territories not havijur i'.tlien ui d. r (ien.ral, tlio juri.sdiction of Her Majesty's Govunni.nt, tho A- ( in (juestion docs not in any dctrw lu.ilitato tlifi acrt'j Land, i.'-th April, Itii", Provincial Sechktaky's Offke, QiEHEc, l.')tli April, 18(52. SiH,— The Governn>cnt of Canada %.'»v« hn.! their attention very strongly Jirccte 1 to the important .subjeet of an overland eommunic»tion wh.^ British Colund.iit llin)ugh the Hudson-. Bay Territory vin the Red River, R.,d I am now .•ouma.ul, ,* I.y Hi> Kxcellency the (iovernor-(Jenehil to inform you of the steps pr()|)osed towards efllcling thin object, anil to seek the co-operation of the ihuLson's Ba\- Com- pany titerein. Tlie Canadian Government do not wish ut present to raise any question a» to the rights of the Company, who must Ikj rega;!o line of communication acros-s the continent, and they desire to have the practical aid of your (.'ompariv in carrying it into oH'ect. Aiiangemeiit' were made within the last four years for postal service with Red River, but tho want of territorial rf-hts at Red iiivr and along the greater part of the route defeated the plans of tho Canadion Government, an.l, after a very considerable outlay, tbe line had to bo abai.don.-d. Another eHort is now U-ing ma.le in the same direction, an.l, as the Hudson's Hay Company claims the right of territory an.! government over this region, it is hoped they will al.so assume their correlative duties, and unite with Canada in opening up the country. The (?a»iadian (Joverninent are about to e.stabli:,h steam conununication with Fort Wiliiam on Lake Superior, immediately. A large tract of land at this |H>int has been surveyed, and a Crown Land 40 Agent has recently been aiipointe.l to resi.lo there. Appropriations have Uvn made by the Legislatni-e for roa.ls towanls Red River, on which free grants will be ma.le to .settlers, an.l every .ffort willLe nuide to attract settlement— the nliimute object being tho connection with the Red River and Sa.skatchewan Cana.la is. tlieiefoie, now prepare.l to guarantee that, so (ar as her undis|M.te.i Ixjumlary exten.ls, every facility wdl henceforward exi.st towards a communi.ation with the wettt, 1( 20 30 40 •ScM. Phpem, Can., 1863, V, 1. 22, No. 31. tiWd. N... 29. h6i. V... 44, of nfirei'ico iUry, the on Iff to f tlif Act itablo to 10 en uiuvr ituto ihii Uitil die » to take rLE. OF SO ipitrtant ■oiy, via w you of ly Coni- » of the Caiinda ishnii'iit 30 al tiiilof liut tho s of tho Viiothor •ijn Lake n Laiul 40 i-^liituro •(' llliulti hewan. 1, ©very 243 v««tI'lrlTn'*'";'''T"'""'' ''""''' ''^ ^«'"r«"V are fully alive t<, the va«t uuportanco of such a coinmimication. must'aror'.?^T'''''''^''''';f"V'"'''r^'"'''''^^""^'^" "'^"""^ *■*" '^ '^"'•''^^ """'y a.J venturer., who must at |,rem.nt bo prmcipally .Ir.uv,, fr„n. thu ITuit.ul States. natuInv'^i*!.'n'""A "^ "'"' '^"". i''*^""'"^ """ '^^^"''^ connnunication with Minnesota, an.l will "tt n ;L 1" Amcncan prmcpl.-s an,| viows, unLss brought in co„„.,.,.io„ with th- lirUish V rv w V r r ^ • ;":'" """'' '""'^ "'^'' •'"""" -^Pl-''--"" t.. the p,.„l.al.le .esuit that, in a 10 i . ", ;'•? '"'"'" "''"'' " """" "'•'">""• '■••'^"' ^'"- U"it-1 Stales, uu.I unless etti-ient V ,! «ov ...nn..,. l.e spee.i.ly ..stal.lishe.l; Hritish rule, ov.r this part of the ooutimmt will virtuallv have ^ZI' 't 17 '.'' u" ':;"'" ' "'■'^'^'' ^-••""'-.-"» "Iti.n.v.ely China, have heensurrenclere.l their ownt; .r *'"'^;';!'^'^'^>• ^'" "y -vnnot .lesire a result that woul.l e,ually militate against "^■''^2 T^^^ hopes for their hearty co-operation in _ open n.^ of the Re,l River an,l Saskatchnwan Territories by a comu.unication from (Canada to iiritifsli Cnluinbia. The Oovermnent of Canada considers that, in connection with tho means of transport across the continent, a tele^r.aphie .omnuinieation should be established ^s especially necessary for Imperial m .M-ests, niasuiuH. as both the UiuUmI States and llussia possess tele.raphie lines to the >l'aoific, while G.eat Britain has no other mode of .loin,, so but throu.d. the lludsons Bay Territory. Recent events JSi» have proved the |.aiamouiit importance of such a line. Leavi„.,r untouched, the.vfore, all disputed .,uesti.,„s. I am commanded by His Excellency the Uovernor-U.ner,,!, u, state that tho (Janadiau (Jovernment have deci,led at once "to establish steam and !'!r "?."';;"'?/'";''''' .r^'''"'"'^ '""'' "^ t,,„,,,Htory under their government, and are ready to unite with th.. iru.Ison s Biy Conquny in a mail service and post route to Hriti.sli Columbia. The Canadian Uoveriimeiit is also prepared to guarantee the construction of a teleirraph line to the extreme western limits of the Province. I re.,ueHt that you w:!l inform me how far you will be prepared to act for the Hudson's Bay Company in carrying, out objects of such i,neat national importance, and which cannot be Ion., delayed Alexander n, Dallas. Esquire. I have, etc.. ^, ^^^ ^ ^^^ CJovernor in Chief of Rupert's Lan.l, M..ntreal. Joint AFPk.Nnix. 8oc. III. Canatlian ttttit i^ftrrfS' imtiilrnire lifln-rcn thr t*nltiriifif SrerHdrii nnd the ftiiilifm't fiitift'itmfKtni/f lirinr III thf ' mrrtnilrr nt tht'i'vernor Uii|K'rt's I<»iiil tti I'riiviiii'inl .Scontary, Itltli April. im-i. ^^^^H ^^H ^ ~HH H 24i l.,i»*i Api-kniiix. «.•<•. III. Citimitmti iintf t'litrm- Wliilf fully n al lovi! n iniiii-dn.iits licin;; coiiie to, J am rdiictuiitl r;.'»ini(ntM, and J he iinnifdinfc noccssity of nome I'f Caiia.la in tliis foiwar.l iiioviiiifiit, for tliu (ollowiii.r i y ((iiiip( 11((1 to admit my iiuil^ility to m< ct the (Jovuriinifnt /'(/W- 'I'll.' Hf.l lUvi r ami .Siiskatcl /«.»./.„.•. aiv the souni.s from wlicnci. tii lowaii Villi' vM,tlioii''li not. ill tl ifiiiSilvi'.s fiir-l)cariiig districtH, /. Or the V main sii i\.t„nial tlie }ilodllCc of till- lutlalu liUMt jiplifs nf « iat.r food art- piofiiivd lor the noiHn'iii poslw, fn Sfcntttrii nnil thr Hwi».<,» 'lt'|invf tin? I ..mjany oi tliu iiImivo vital i .s. A i-liaiii of M'tllfiiu'iits tliroii"li tl im lklil( 'lUfHItlfl^ /irior III till turnriiitr nf with tlit'ir iio'tlicni tni'lo as t K'-iu vulloys w(juld not only ■I'Mourcf, liiit would indin.'(tly in many otlinr ways so intm-firo thei Clllllllf. rmt/HOt// M iiL'cf.s.sarily l.c di\i.lfd into vari long . iviid.T it no loii^r.T w..rtli pp. .seen tin,' on an fxtcmli! I scile. It would ' "*■ longer u.\i,st ( n its present footing. ous tliaiim Is, i>o,s.siMy to the pul/lic Innelit, l.ut tho I oiiipany cou Id no HudKon'K Hay Ci>iii|>iuiy'a (tnvtTiHtr Kii|H-rt'i Lnml to Priiviiicial .Strrctary, lli Ai.ril, 1M>2. iU 0)vemiir- Uaiiiriil to Co.onial Sairutary, 25 Aiiril, The al.oxe ivn.sons a;;ainst a partial siirremler ol oiir teriitorieH may not appear sntliciently obvious to partus not ..•onv.r.ant with the trade, or the .ountry ; hnt my knowle.lne „f |„.th, hasr.l on'personid experience, and from otlier souree.s open to me, point to the oonclu.sion that partial con.es.sion.s of the di.stncts whuli mu.st necessarily le alienated, would inevitably lead to the extinction of the Company .SVcoH(/.—(;rantin- that the Company wen. willing: to. -ac.iHce it.s trading' interests, the very act would deprive it of the means to ea.ry out the propo.scd mea.surcs. There i.s no s<,uiTe of revenue to meet tlie most ordinary expenditure, and even un.ler pioentcireuirstan.es the Company h.us practically no power to raise one. The co-oi,eiation propn.sed, in calling on the Company to perforin its co-relative duties. pre.Mippo.sed it to stand on an equal f(H.ting with C'anada. It is not to be supposed that tho CViwn would grant more extensive powers to the (Jompany than 2U those conveye.1 b.. tho Charter. If any chamre be made, it is presumed that .lirect administration by the Crown wouM be resorted to as tlie only niea.siire likely to give public satisfacti..n. Not having anticipated the present .[ucstion, I am without iiisti nctions from the Hoard of Directors in I/mdon for my g....laiice. I believe I am, however, safe in stating my cnvictions that the Company will be willing to meet the wishes of the country at largo by consenting to an equitable arrangement fur the .surrender of all tiie rights conveyed by the Charter. I shall by the mxt mail forward copies of thiscorrespondehce to the Hoard of Directors in London, who will thus be prepared in the .vent of the subject being referred to Her Maj.sty's Secretary of Slate for the Colonies. I may state that it is my intention to make immediate arrangements at the existing .settlement of 30 Red River for the .sale of land, on ea.sy terms, Cive from any ivstiietions of trade. It w"ould, I believe ' lie iinpolitic to make any .listinction between British subjects an.l foreigners. The infusion of a British element must be lelt to the cHects of a clo.ser conneciion an.l identity of interests with Canada and the mother country. I have the honour to be. sir, Your most obedient servant, A. (3. Dallas. The Hon. C^harles Alleyn, Provincial Secretary, etc., etc., etc. The Oovernou-Oenkral to tmk Colonial Secbktary.* QOVEIINMENT HorSE, QUKBKO. April 2.'>th, 1862. My Lonn Di-KE,— I have the honour to forward tany very act k'l'iiiie to ■Hctiwilly i-rolativo xn y tlmn 2U at ion by [directors 'oiiipaiiy n^'ement London, of Slate >mor)t of 30 I lu'licvo I liiitish niid the :ms. 40 62. ''ouncil, liidson's •cretarv ^ 246 The Hubjcct in one of con.si.ir.rable importanc... both in an Imporial point of view an.l as romnU the parfcninr mt-rests ..f tl,is Province; but the letter of Mr. Aih-yn enters so l„lly into the .nerits of the ''"'■'' "" '•"^'' f-"""'"'^' ""^^ ' •'- ""t tliini< it ne.es.sary to trouble your Uruce with any observations oi my own. '' The anHW.M-of Mr Kalhw wouM s..,.„, to in.ply that the existence of the present ri.'hts of the II.Mlsuns Hny ( „n,p«.,y will prove a p. rnmnent obstacle to the realization of the views which the <-ana.lian C.overnn.ent entertain in reference to the proposed cnnnunication. Am the (Jovernment of the IVovinee have no moans of nctin^. upon the Hnds.n's Bay Company except through Her Majesty's n.iniste.s, I would, on its behalf, ask of your (hace to take sueh steps as n.ay enable the authorities here to earry into executi..n their desire for an extension of postal conununi- cation between this Province and the shores of the I'aciKc. I have, etc., His Grace the Duke of iN'ewcastle, K.G.. M').\CK. etc., etc., etc. .ToiNT Ari-KNDIZ, .Sh- ottstHCleS tl) Its SUCCC.S.S. Hiidson'» Bay Coiniiany to Ciiloninl Hccn'tary, null .Vlay, 1H02. ttr- il ♦ Sena. Papcrx, Canada, 1863, Vel. 22, No. 31. '^- U6 Arvk*i\nx, tnut f'ltrrts- iMiti'tt tire htinrn Ki'cn'tary, VJ May, lHtJ2, I h«v., thonirhfc ,t my .Inty thm Hli-rhtly to ,kotch tho .lirtict,lti..M in tho way ol tl,« .ui.ormi.o. the .-.ul..).ct of tlu. com.spo,..|.„,.,. wind, I l.avo l.ro„;,W„ m,.|..r y..nr ( Jmc-'n notice ; Imt if it h. ll, .„«|.t tlmt t..o u,ton..st« of (.ana,i,i an.l Hritish Col au.bia, or of this country. ...,,ui,v tlntt th. cxperinunl .sl.uul.l U in.i.r , th. liu.l.o,. s IJay (Jon.pany will ,„„st lea.lijy aequi..,.o in tlu- doclnion of H.r Majosty's Oovfrn- ".'•nt. At tl... same t),.... it i, n.y .luty to ..tntr that, in j-.s,!.-.. to o.ir propri-tors. tl.e Directors of the t;;;;!';:l, ""''"•"; ^^"y ^""'""'^ T""^ "^^ "'^•'''' ^^"''''*'' '" ''""''•'■ '' ""''••'•t'»ki..«H of Uns .h-.. ripti.m. spread t„r,:!;:;:: ! '."I' ;" '"'' ;'"'"''• ","-'' ". '"""''■' ^''""^ "'" ""'^"^ "*' '"''•»t.»inin« then,, if once ma.lo will ;.r^.^,V;• '^^''t''"" -••MH'»uplat...l. Although, theref re, the Direclors, on hehalf of raX^;;, '^'' ^ ""'P"'y. a-> >;eH.ly to lend ller MnJ.sty'.s G„v.:nmu.nt all the n.ond .snppurt and as,si.stM,u.e in their .fa.«* power, .t nn.st he distmcHy nn.lerstood that the Company have no means at their disposal h.yond those 10 ot,:':"*' T^ T '" ''"'■'■^"'";'," "';■''' l™'''- •""' "'"""* con.se.,uently undertake any outlay in connection with t<.{'ul..mai '''"' *'t-'"t'"»<''-' «u^'<,'ested l.y till! Canadian < .overnment. • ,„„,,'J:''f r 'P' "n ^'l"TTT • ' ■' '""*y «f ••-•f'^^>""8 >•<•">• .Hv a.Ki tl.e Colonial Office on the Huhject of Hettlen.ent in tlieir territories. j ■ - The Company have always ex, n.,.-,e.l th^ir willinf,n...ss to surrender the whole or any part of their temtonal n.'hts upon terms that u„,l.l .secure fair compensation to tho proprietors. a.s^vU as to the oUiceis and employes 111 the couiiiry. The Governor at Red Kiver Colony has instructions to make ^rants of land to settlers on easy conditions, without any restrictions as to tho Company's , l,,!a . I evci.isive tr ,de. nnd if Her Majesty's 20 Govern,n..nt, with reference to ,he i„t..rests <,f the pul.lic. coiHl.ler more extensive plans for the improve- ment of he country expedi-nt. the Liieetors of the Comp;..y will he quite ready t.. entertain them with the desire to meet the wishes of Her Majesty's Government in any manner not inconsistent with th^ vested rights of their constituents. I am, etc., Wm. Bkiiens. His Grace the JJuku of Newca.stle, KG., Governor. etc., etc., etc. «H ' Ordi-rin- dmiicil, (Caniul:ilIStl Fcliriiary, 1864. KkI'UUT ..K a Co.M.MnTK.: OK Co, NUI, r(i,laiy, territorial jurisdiction and form of gov.-, ,.,nent in tho vast territory proposed to be,opeiM.d, still i.nsetrled, reeommend acceptance of f head- r proiK.>sal as submitted .y them and conditionnlly approveil by His Grace. *v<* Tpviip, the >ii;;)it t* of the I in, .spread iiiuiiu, wilt I hflmlf of Of ill tiu'ir yond those 10 ctioii with mior com- setfcionient rt of their I an t(j the 'H, on eawy Majesty H 20 3 iniprove- aiii them t with the rnor. ON THE 30 49, from proposal still 1 uia- vould be the seat cost of I'-JH and niiirrants, itutional 40 purpone elejG;raph a|''i line, niHirtant 3ropo»4ed lem and * V 247 he „.l on H,y < o, ipany, w1.k-1i, fion. ,1,., c..ne,sp.,nd..nco lai.l hdo.o th.. Ilous.. of Lords ,„, lar. to •^n:::!::;:::^^^^^^ ^ ;-..::;.:: oriffinal Chnrf.,,- i. ; v.- 1 1 " ,'" • ^" ttniton.d iijrIitH over a va«t nj-ion not imlu.!.,! i,, their Zuryof (t:;:,a ' "''"''''' ""^ ^'"''^ '" ""''^ ^" -."'" •l.«nite.y th. Nor-h-W.tern withr viewrtw'lulilr', '"""""'' /'"' --«P-^-- »- -IH-d with tho Imperial (Jovernn,..„t wm. a w to tl,. .1 lo,,.„.„ ol ,01,,,. sp,.ody, unxpcnsiv and nnitin.ilv ■.tisruetorv nUrx to detninino 10 A rT\ ''"•^V""V""' ''"^ ^''" "'""" "^ ••--''^ '- "-"•'' '" .'^'1 thai porti.;n f ( trd " 10 An...,ca wluch can he shown to have heen in tho po««eH«ion of the French a '.ho ,.riod of Ihe I!;;;:., Certifi.d, Wm. H. Lke, r.E.C. Jdint APF«Mt)H. S«c. HI. f 'timutum Jhiriiuu-nU, anil t'lirnf tht C'lfitnutf SfrrHttrti ttnii thr II ml Kiu'i l,r'„r In tMr atirrnttlfr uf tilt ''m/Miiy'f c/ii f iim. • Inlir in- ('■miicll, CaiiiuU, iHtli NiiK'HilM-r, Tin; Colonial SEmETAUv to tiik Oovehnou Qeni iul,* Downing Street, w J Ist Inlv, 1804. v I , . . -• — v,..»„>v„. jwui Lioi" ^••■' t>.e future govcrnii.nt ot tl.c R.d R.ver be, r lenient, and prospectively of such parts of tlu Territnrs ,,s may from time to time hecome t. .e .s.ats of .settled occupation and industry. ^ The Committee of the House of Commons, which m the yea, 18..7 c si.Iered the .state of the at.«h pas«e.s.smn. m North America which are under the admi.fi.tiation of the Hudson Hav.nu a v xpre. ,i themselve , n the following .ern.s :-.• Your Committee consider that i I ^^i.d t m Jt he just and reasonable wishe.s of Cnnadii, to he enahle.l to anneH to her territory s .If , r n o 1 ^-inis;;^j.:T tr;:::^^^^^^^^^^^ Jiily.lmH. * J()Unii»l«, Logielatire Aiiembly, Canada. 1865, Vol. 26, p. 45. ! t i JOIKT Ai>rimr>ii. linfuminlt, ami I'trrrri- Ihttuhth'r MtH'tftt till < nlimilll Sri-rrliirii iiHfl thr Hiiiftm'i Hit/ff'nntf Minify /iri.ir l„ ihc ' liirrrniirr nf thr ('"DtfHtni/'i daiiHi, Dwuntch, Ut July. IWH. Ordwin Couiir Ciinail Nov tl.. K-v..m„...nt of ;ny portion ..r th.l 1 vv.tlu ,,;';: ^^ "? ' "'"' " ^''"^^' "' '"•-"'•^'"^ nutu..... in .-as,. sWli..i.'.';v fa v.. ..ml. I., t.nns , n i^^^^^^ ^' ''"'"^ .•..nt...n,.l..t.... 1., .1.. .on- .lesiruMc tl.ut tU,-y slu.ui,! s..„,| ..v.-r t.. .1... . . '•^' "'■'" '""'''"''"' *" ''" ""■ '» *'" »>" 'J-. ^-^ ' '^»t;;r;r;:,i:;;;;::;::T,,/;r,, ;::f :;:;::■:;;':■:; ^^ :■"• I Imvf, ftc,, 10 KliWAKD rAlll»WI.I,f. B»o.r „, , c„.»,„„, .„. ,:„„,, „.„,., .,„„„.„„ „ .^,,^ „„,,„,„„.„„^,^„^, ,,^ Urn N.iVK.MiiKU, IHt)4« 'r^">E.c..,^.,,oy.,,,,,.uo.,r,:.,;Vv,,: i, t:;.^^ of 1 -MmK- ,n.l ll,« - 111,, cl.i,,, ,,f ( ■„, I. I , , . ■'•■'""l"l.v ll'» n..rU,.w,»t,.,„ lH,,„„l„ry •'■-" »" '• -. - '■^^^»^''^:"^^:j::T^:;^,^:::tz:^;'7T """"■•' ^^ HI. n 1 11 • . '^"' *^"^"''" "^ '"i' IwJiioil of thoct^tsirm in 17(i.T pu.f:;rrne;;;4'::n:J:'^'; •iJ'z^^^ '"'^^ "'^ '••" ••'■"> • ^ •"^" -^e and prnspeetivly „f su,-h parts f irt : i . 1 " «:'""-'""""^ "^ ""-' 'i-' Kiver .Sc.ttl.M,...nt occupati.;.. an.l in.iu.st.,^"' . . , ^^ /thT u"' TVT '' ^'""' '"•^^"'"" '''^" '''"''' "^ -'"-« Comnuinsof 1857. in whid. it is Ti • vl " ' "'^" •^"''"-■' ''•" '"^'" «*■»''" Honne of a„.| ..asonaM. w;:Ih1: 1 . T .;:;.,::, ,'' '"7";"-'-'- ^!-t 't is ..ssential ., n..., .1.. p.t wiilin, to open an., n.aintai: ^ll; u r'a 7 ^::i;::T'ir' ^ ■ '' r"^" '^"''^ ^"« " ^^ aihuinistration. uiu .ns, an.l |.,r whicl. she w,ll provide th,. means of local ti,o;,)M:',;:r't;::ri;:;:;K.t:"l:i:!:''\r'^''^ "« .»oo.a eo w, .. „,,.iH., :; ^;:. ^i:.,::^;: ;-;- c:;:ti- ;:i^^ ' Journals, Ugulative Awembly. C«na.la, 1866, V, 1 25, p. 46. a 4U< ii € \ (i 50 c iWii HIM of lN>il|f^ of iicci'ptiiijj li,V I III- ( I III). >>, it will Ih) iniciit* with ff^H, iitiil the lAJ^iNlllllirt! •Ill yon tlii'ir 10 rtwKij, M. ON TUK ItiiKMirnMe «ly to yimr •'Ct of the y. for th. i>iiiniotii|<><| n of Home 20 lM)uiii|(iry li Aiiit'iica I ill I7().1.' ihail tnke 'fttli'incnt of .sctll«!<| HollSt! of I the just ' iuml in lis she ia 30 I tjf local ro among K)(l order liUii'iiity J •any, by ct-i thus to assist "IT, aiuj 40 ^ I'iiii be toll ilnly for that iiioiit of tiviition ndsuad * • their a-lapbiltility for Nottlum.iu that ar ft rc)j^i„u so forfili), ami "aiinlilit of simt .'4!i I! now fsiuliliihcl l,,.voii.| II iloiilit ; iiihl *itioii (or th.t hull ii of a tiaili tiiuy I). Till! rapiil |.ioj,'iv,s of |Jriti,li (,' ,| it is Hot to III) i-oiiti-iii|iliitr'l .loLsr Uilliii,r HO Vitst ft |. .[Mllutioli, shoiil I |oli;,'.T In- floM-l to civ,!,. '^'•''•:'""» V. III. C oiiiluiiiy, liow.H.T loilif l-HtftlllMhoii Hlhl r<'s|i,.L'tulilii that coiii|piiny uvDrlainl roiito t^j-tlie PariHc.mi.j iiitiliiii aiMs li III.. csiM-li.-ii 'y of .ip niii;,', without il^l, and iVilic (Koai Hrili K I'*, tro iMiiiiy yi'iirs .-hipsK, may | «iv.'H (Vft-.il.iliiy to lliL- hop.., lonj,' (!li..'rish,.d I IV, ftll /;, I'liiiii liitn utitnttn. nil u-rrilory, (loin Halilax to British Cohiml.i,. Th. do,,, ivl I" i-oiiiicctwl hy out) diiuct liiR. of rail' y iiiaiiy.lluit Ihu Atlanlii lhr..ii'di ':'" - "^ ' '"""''^' "•"' ""■ '■""' "f '"•!"' «■"• tl- hardv vou.l. of th. I'roviu-e " xvhen tli..y s.-.-k n.w houies in the f,.n..st; and it anticipat,.H with c-onlid..„.v th/d.y wIh-.. Canada will Kuin... Ml.. h,,d.way ot ii.niu.naiioi, fioii, Kurope into tlio8. fertil-. valh.ys. To at'tain th-.so ends the Oovenm.ent is prepa.vd I , „.n.|..r all th,. aid in its pow.-r towanls op..nin« up the country. H,t.i?"r7?!'""" '-^ *'"•""■" '^'•••' '"'«•'-'•. ••l-ly of th,. opinion that th,- first step towanls tho ■ lenient ol the territory ,s the ..xtin.tioi. of all claim l.y the Hudson's Hay (.'oinpany to proprietary «l.t.s in the s.ul or exclusive riyht of trade. The . •,nniiiitt..o -lo not deem it lu.c'.ssary now to rais; the .p.estion ol the validity or invali.li.y ..f th.- Company's ..harter. Weiv all the pretensions of the n« w 'ulT'liir ■"■ 1; '^^ ^^ "/'""'"' ^'"' ^''^" ^"'"' "•■ '"•""""^■"•- ""• '""^"^^'^y "'■ i^--'f V extinction 30 ...1 .1 St. remain it is not t. he unlertai.ied for a moment, that half a coniineat hIi.IuI.I "continu.. ,0 bo Hl.ut oil from the worhl on the strength of a parchment liti- , huw.-v.T -oo.l. The Commit t,... arc, howv,.,, conscious that it is for the ruip..rial (Jovcrnmcnt. and not for the Oovermcnt of t ana.la, .0 lussuiue the .luty of hri„.i„. to an end a inonop.dv ori.dnatiiv' in an Kmdish cl'l '""; vr";''": Z '""*^ "'"''-"■ ''"''"'•''*' ^'"'^^'""' •^"'' ^^''"- ■^^^'--vl-lKn.g w.tl. thanks%he miitesyof Mr. Car.hvdl, in invitM.jr the (h.verment of Ca.ia-hi to as.sist in ne^^otiatiouH with the liu.U>uH Bay (company lor the ce.sion to th.3 Crown of their claiiiH, th. Commitl ■,■ aiv of the opinion that the neK..t.ati.,ns will be a.lvanta«eously left in the hands of the Imperial (loverninent. When the ne^'otiat.ons have Ik..,! brou^rht to a close the Oovern.mmt of Canada will be ready to arianr^e with the linperia Covrnmcit for the annixati-m to ( 'ana- la of .s,„h portion of the land in her i.eiijhbourhood ♦0a8 may be availabl.. (or .settlement, as w,.|l a. for the openin.,' up of , imiiiiications into the territory and proviihng m.-ans of local admiiii.strati.m; or slnmhl the Imperial (ioveinincnt prefer to eict the teiTltory int,. a Crown clony. th,- (! .v..inm..nt of Cana la will K'hi.lly eo-op..rate in the openin.r up of communication into th.' territory ami th,. srttlem..nt of th.. ,.M,nitrv The Committee express th. hope that until the (Jovcrnmcnt of Canada has been commnni.ntcl wul. nu cos.on of larp, secti.mH o^ land will he ma.le by the Imperial (iov-rnimnt for any purpo-c or any ri;,ht .of way Kiantc,! thr„u>rh the territory. The hi.story of the American continent is replete with exampl..s of the yr.'at .vils resulting from the locking; up of cxt..n.ive tracts of l„u,| in th.. hands of w..althy CO, p.,ratu.ns whoso whole obj..ct is the realization of lar^e profits. The existence ..f .such an tltttllHA, •rdnr in l*.>tincil, f'.liiii'l.i, 11th Niivi-iiiImt, IHUk. evil 111 thcs rth \V, •tern reirions v,'^!!i! ."50 early and satishiutory settli'inent of tl •12 le country. Hibarrass tiiu clFurt> of any Ooveriiment for ti lie f f;Hil JolM Api-KXhix. Sc- 111. li'ii'iitht nU, 11 nil t\rrn- uuuilrutt Irtmrit IhrlSJoltiill Stfriliir/i mill thi Hn'lii"ii'g Bniit'xmfniiiit, l>ri,ir I; Ihr Hirriii,lir I,/ the ^*'im/Ktny*» elatmn. Order-in- Cimiic'il, ('luiiiilii, lull XoveuiU-r, UHM. ReI"Tt iiftllP rjuiiuljnii l>. l.'tfnti- to Kiil/liinij, Will .Innu- Biy, INiS. 83(1 ;;:.£SS;r"f- , r'r^im^^^ .n! ■' , ' "■,;'"^""""":" -" "•'— I'- I-.n.ss of tl,; ........iations with ... e i ; t T . n ^'"•">r":"";''-^:' ^-''' M.-. ( a..lw. H o„ a,.,., t wl.i..l. 1... n.nv ,1....... : Ivl:;;; l;;;:z;;';:;;;:;:;r '"' • " *"• ^"'•""•"" ' -- ^' '- ''- •- - ^"- -'^-^. tViMfio.l. VVm II. 1,KK, V.E.C. Km^.RT ..KTIIK n.,.Vunu,U.K (,K..„.;k ,„,..„.,. ,.|,K.H,.>KVT ..KTHK ExKCUT.VK ( VuiNV,,. OK CaNAUA.' r. m. KrcUenn, O.e Go,^nor.Oe..rr,.l of Cn.uln in Cn^eil. '^'''""■' '"'' '"'''"'''■ ''"'• J... I ■ """"'•"""': ' l''"'-^'' '".vmH in.unnnn,.i.a.ioM witi, II.t Majesty's .Seceta. v of State for the ( olonu.,s. on tlu- .suhj.-et of opening ,.,. U, ..ul^uu-nt the N,.,th-\V...st,.n. 'lVnito,i'? ' .in^ni 'r fT''T''"'"''''''"''''^ I ■••tl. January. 1,SU4. to tho Coh.niai S^cvtury tho anxious d.- o„ wa« a;«'.-te.l ,o -all that n, it , Vm I J ? '^"""'"'••7.'^ """'"' .""' •'"' ^•'"'•" "^ *''"'-•» In reply to thi.s il.spntc'h, Mr. Canlwcll on i^t r..lv iwn^ ^ 1 x . . . ;;•";■■ ■;' ■" ' - «« .- '-m- '^ -'VHir;;;;?:,:' .^ :::;rs;=r,;;;::;;i=::;:-::;— ^^^^^^^^ a.l.nir.Htra(ion;or.,houM thi. linufiiaKJov.., ut ,„■ t "'" " "'""^ «"' I"«'M'I"'« nioanh of h-al Whih. in L.n.lon I ha.l thehonourofM-vonl inl.rviowH xviih Mr ( ',.r u. 11 . i-. ■ ' . question waa fully diwuMed ■ an.l I -..ati.fnilv 1 L V , . ' "* **''"'"'' ^''" *''"'*' Lbythattf-ntjeman. ' .^"''^'•"h mknowle.lge the cuum.y an,! att^-ntion extemk.,! to • JuunmU, U„. Awembly, ( nmuli7l866, V.,| 25, p. 4a. " ~~ m II '. « 251 till! ilKnilN ii'i't this UH KMll of tlii.i V\y (KTIIpH- I lie ilfsiro 1 1) inn with timis with limy (li'ciii ilr Jiriwii) I'^-tiin). ami 10 11- Slllljci't, .•.E.U. Canai»a.» 18(i5. with your State for xioiis <].•- •_>() ally Milt is- f Ciuiuila in in (III! I'thlT tlio ny, with i'lin^f the nliii! that • M-nt to .10 ii|ily to IN to CO- rrilorit'H, lii'NtHtep y ti(j;lit« ntiil not i|k' ill tin l/IN WclB (lovirn- ■ wtth- ^0 of llM'ul ii'lony, III' tfiri- ivhili! ia t. 3 whole iiiIlm] to I foiKiil Hint neirotiationH for tlie ••ession to tli.j down of the territorial i-Iniins of thf Hinls.n's Bay ComiMuiy hn.l licon proei-edin)^ for a y.ar past li.'twen the f'oloniiil Minister aii00,000, and did pay tiiathum, for the transfurencc to them of all the intereHts of the old t'om|iany. II. Onthe 2Mthof August, iMiiJl Sir K.lmun.l Head, as (lovernor of the new Hudson's Bay Corn- puny, communicated to His Oracethe Duke ..f Newcastle a resolution expressive of ih.' c.nviction that the time ha) Timta road K;,„ni.i isi hiitj out along the line of telegraph, l.ut the soil on which the telegraph 50 Btauds, and tbi 8i»au), nay nun wile in width, on one side of ii« o«.urbc, should belong to tiie Uudaon'i 11 2S2 .folNT U>IV ( Ari'iMiix. '.-nij:,i„y, (o l„. rockor,,'.! .is ,mrt ..f t|„. Imlf <,f tli.> laii.l wl,i,.|, tl "I ''"''"i"! iiii-lii lM.in.|ii,|,ul in 111.. Ii;iiri,..i "('•} lliat the ( ' ttrinls takiii imm m S>,. III. Ciiniiiliiiii ihiriiutt htf, ntui i 'nrrig- IH'tiifrnrr Ihr I'li'iiniul I Srrrrtnr.v iiml C"U>ny, ii|| t'ollillt Kill iif Ml f/i-ilit.iia Hnijl ' turrrniirr nf tkrl\ ollgill'' tu llir< Irowil. H-y woiilil retain. Tho other siflo ""|"".v i" nrisliu. ling the tck.gi«pl, slu.uUi ha entitled t lu'iaiiteii la IKl o Use; WDoil or otluT iiia- -ii>l. Tlu'Ciuwii hliall r. .sun... the ijrant ..I mines, nn.l .iiK«in«N ..f ir.,i,i ,„„| ,,iK,.,. thmu-rliont ti 'tn/t I nil, ties, relit \ etc., I ll.l pa.vin^r ,,, tl„. IIu.Im.u'.s Buy Cm roia sneh inineN or .lig-;ing8, w licihrr nii.se.i I'liny iine-tliir.l uf th,- rec..||iis ol' all ..|. cat.. I( KlltflulMJ.Lt ■laiiii llll laiei tioll j'lov.iienl.ati.l ti,.. \vll.ih.p,,,;r,„>s of tl is no eireetiifti ni.,de ..f taxation for purposes of Tl ic.s.' < .msii i.iat Ami I am to ol if the Ijiiilson'.s j!a\' ( ' ioiisatloril d strv.. that tl le colony .h.p.nds ..n tl,.. iilw-ral ami i.nid leeiMV.. i,.as,.nsa;.'ainst leaviii- that html in the p. ^'.iveiiiment and prudent ilisposnl of it.s of the ('« lesc ol.j.. (.lions, c.imhisiv.. in any I I ^session of a cor|)ora- 'iiimitti'o on « ho.se I. .half v ov..rnmeiif. I a <'\ scheme is that it •.void. I r. pr<,.|uei. i Were foiin.l intoh.rahle in Canada. I fn.t. that th..int..rp..«ition of lai.'.. l.lorks ol iiect in.lucenient to u.se their proprietary li^dits to The comlimive olijcetion to tho ;,'antie .shap.. ih.' inconveni<.nces whiel t is eviileiit as a matter of i , on a far .Miiall ler .scale i'li>triiet tin. openiitji,' up of ihos,. ,1 property I., tween tracts or d ■easonintr, ami notorious as a matter of ri.ai Iv t o ex penil mtru..|ion ot roii.h* an.l other in ..s laml p.,li..y to that of theaut ities. It is also clear tin, t cdoni.sts of up.)!! th.. land rev privat more than half of that i line as lej^itiniaf..|y lii.|onf,diiL,' 'o tl .SO .' corpiiiatioii Wiiiild eaii> •eVelille to th.. pui alisiiMct ar;,'uim.nt of umIiI, an.l th..full f eoiitiniial Hi;.|;,a.)wiii;r diM.iiit.ni whi. h eoiil.i not I le eoiiiniiinily; an.l that in.-reasiii^rtl,,. ,|ivi,|,.|„|H „f a pany to siisiain. His ( ir if whi.-h till' ( >e allay.il hy any is till. rehire oh .raeeeann..f consent tomak.. him.s.lf r..spon,sili|e for tl •"^'•"> lit wouhl he ex|M.<.t4'.| hy the( sil tories which may I... phi. '..I un.l.r the ( iiile an\ ■overnnieiil of th.- Ci.iw licM) c iiiseiiucnces, an.l I prop.isal for the proprietary partition of tl 10 lose t<'rri- Mr. Korteseiie then proeec.ls to stale, "fl (Jrace fools himself ahle to pr.p for tl le a< I'l 1. That within certain noosrraphical limits (coincid le only (e'liis which, after very ijra ptaiie.. .if the Company,' a.s follows ve consi.leration, Hi,* letter) tlie territorial riidifs of th.. ( \n\i nior.* or less with thohe laid .1 That the sum of 1, iiipany shoiihl he Miii..ni|.|....| t.i ih.. t >wn in your \(\ rown. and payment ti c.misc when ilnir /"■(■ aei.' on evcrv acre .sold hy ( lOVl expiration of ."id years. " :>. That one fourth of tl ''■■"-'^""' ' i||'"< fMiii this s..iir.e shall rninent should U> paid to tho Company, exceo.l Xl.i(l,Ol)t), or on th len.M.'H of itfohl mines, .ir I le ai,';,Mepite ii.c.-ipts sli.ill aiiioiinl !o .tlili tl le sum rec.'ived hy the Uoverniiient as i ic.ns.s f.,r p.hl minini,r, >,i,ft|i \^ payabl... to the ( I.IMIO. in cxjiort .luty (or ;,'oiil, or on .'■.mpany f.>r "lU years, or until •I. Thai M-i th •ndit lotis a tin- rtr.isii; Imr cxpenw AU.] ri»k ,,f that U iovi-rninent he estahlishcl in th.; c.'.|...| t .erritnri(>M - lii-,.iit ftritii'! rVdunihia and otl over UT colonies. iiineut until the colony is able to support it. as in Briii.sh 50 oilier sido oHiiT ina- i;;liout the ii'H, royal- le, but the fled Iliver ' laid nut 10 onics, l»y ■ liis eoiu- iioiit iind Mil (if its I CDi'iKfra- •d ill (hi> : <>{iiiii(iii' 20 jy would ) n ijuos- ii|;hts to n to tho li'f scnlt', latter of nd niuftt riftor is her iin- iiiistH of, SO tiid that hIh of a ''.y any 10 Coin ntid hu se tcrri- i»i, Hia in your 40 tnpaiiy, on the , 111 on r until ^I'itiiin iirilitih 50 253 "It h.ust Im. elonrly undiM-st- ..1 that tl.e payments contemplated in the second and thir.l of these .lom niti.l..s an- ..ntn.ly dependent on the (Joveinnient reeeipt.s, an.l that the Government will not Ih; pled.re.l '^"l""^' toany p.irtuiilai loiin (.flevvitiffa tax upon j^ohl." s.^. fir. Appenilvl to Mr. Forteseiies lett.r was the following postscript :- ' "iZlUZu, ((put;* .• , I litui i*.trrt$- r.h.-Mnce the HlK..e letter WU.S drafted, His (irae- has received from the Oovernor-0<-neral of T!"'""' tana.la a despateh, from whieh it nj.pears that the CaoMdiai. (Jnvernmeut contemplate the assertion of a '*' "■•'''•»'''' cla.mh, allthat portion of C.ntral America which can he shown to have been in the possession of the '^n:^::'^ Ken,.,, .„ I ,,;;,. j,, ,,,,.t„ „f ,„.„,,, ,.,. ,.,..,.,,,,„,| „„,, ^,„. ,^.„„^.^. ,„_„,,•„„, ,^,.,. „„^,,,. „„ ^,,,. , ..^j^. ,„ '^Z^rZ'^ that he eesM.m by .i,e Company will place lier Maj-.ty's (Jovermuent in po.se.sinn of an indisputable T^Tit^ 1" tulu to the territory coded by them." ' Z,,,",.' " VI. On the 14th Mnirh, IMOI. Sir Kdmuiel Head replied to Mr. Fortcscues letter of the 11th March ~ taking strong ...xcepuon to the postscript of tluit lett.r. Amony other passages w• ment on the basis suggeste-l in your letter of tl.,- 1 Ith instant, it will, we fear, b. whollv ,.sel,..ss for "us 'x'^^Zx. 20 to enter into the consideration of the principl.. of th,.t oth-r, or any dismssion huw far the details involved ^h^. m It are or are m.t aecptable to the (Joii.p.Hi.y, or how far tlui aiiiount of compensation woul.l he sulfi- "»• "^'■''■ ciei.t. If in,le.s! the .pir.sijon were one only of .son... f.-w n.ih.s, more or l..s^ of boumlarv. the ca-o would be wh.dly.lirtereiit. liut in th. form in whi.-h th,. claim is presented to us in your" po-t.cript It aj.peais to the ( 'oinmittee to make a.'l further action impracticable." Sir Kdmi.nd Head goes on to say : " r.ut for this preliminary .liflicilty arising from the postscript to your letU-r, it would now be my .luty to call your attention to the ta,t that that h-tter mak.s no allusion to a substantive portion of our ofhr, to which we attach great importance, that, nanielv, of erecting on •■eit„in toms, an ehctric tele- graph across tl... llu.lson's Hay Territory. We have cede.l to no one the right to .h. this, and we are 30 perlectly ivm.Iv. on bur e..nditions, an.l as part of th- arrangement, to un.lert;.k,. to .1,. it ours..|ve.s. Nor IS anything sai.l in the. -ounter proposal imi.le by you as to the p..rtions of lan-l whi.li the Cou.pany might be allow..,| to niain as private pr..peity, Mor as to the ....iniier in whi.h their buil.lings and im- provements would be dealt with." VII. On th.' r.th April, IHIM, Sir Kre.l.rick Ih.gers a.l.lresse.l Sir K,ln,und H.m.I, in reioin.l.-r tohis etterof ll... 14th March. In referenct" to the ComiMiny's objection to the postscript .,f Mr. F..rte.scue'8 letter, he said : — " It app<.ars to the Duk.- of Newcastle that the ( 'oinpany lias somewhat misappr.-hen.I.-d the inten- tion with which that postscript was written, It is a.ss.im.d, for the present j-urpose. that the -rant to th.' I hi.lM.ns Hay Company is a vali.l grant Hut it npp..ars t.. be conten.lo.lon the |«irt of Cana.la that 40wh.ahervalnl,um.l, an in.slr,im..nt whieh only gr.nte.l t-. tho ( 'ompanv lan.l m.t in poss...ssi.m ..f a fomgn power in the year HiTO, could not, from its v.ry t. rms, cmpr, h.-n,!, in I7(i:{, a Liritory which then belonge.l to the l-Veneh, and which it is "onten.le.l must thereC.re have t!..'ii beh.n I an.l belongs now t.. < 'amtda. If this claim on the part ..f ('an,..la w.m.! ..stablisi.e.l, it woul.l b,. evi.lnitly impo.ssiblo for Her Mi,.i..sty's (lovernmeiit to sec.iiv tl.at lan.l t.. whi.-h it is ..xt.^n.ie.i, sho.il.l, whensolil b.- subi.-ct to a payment of l.s. on acre t.i t.ie Hu-lsons Bay Cmipanv. It is theref.ire iinpossibl,. for His (Jra.e to make any ple.lge of this kimi except iw to lan.l whi.-h is beyoii.l th.- srop ■ of the Caua.lian claim.' Sir Frederick Uo.lgers, however, th.-n w,-nt on to modify s..i,i.wl.,.t this positb-n. H.- sahl;- ;• As reganls the terril.,riea west of ti.e Mississippi, to whi,-h the pivseiit netr-.tiati.m in the n.nbi tetAleH. the iJuk.. oi N.wcftK-.Ia. alter a caivful . .xamii.atioii, is prepan-.j, «or the p.iip.,se .,f th.- p esent 50 netfoliati.iu. to aHuimo tl.iu .lie C.imidiau claim i« groun.lless. And he therefore authorizea uie to renew 4^ mm-, r 254 .loJKT Al'I'KNUIX. .S«n. til. Cinitlilmn i'"H4it'itff tirtlrrrit lllV (UoHKll Sfcrftartt nivi thr Huih'ni'ji hatti'itinfittnit, priiir tn Ihi turrrtuirr nf Htfl'imi/mnji't cliltmt. Ki-I>.«rtr.f tfcp D.livat.' ti. KiiKlaiiil. 2l! juuuary, IMS. thp proposals pontnincl in fho l»,«ly of my lottor of tho 1 Ifh, siilyeotlo tif followiiii,' stipulation :-TI.at in vnsv it .sl....ii,l 1„. funnel ii.ivisai.lo U, cede ..r imnox to CmH.ia aiiv t-riilorv ivini: eastwiini ..f ii line pa.ssin,i;throiij,'ii bikes Winnipc^r. an-lfrom tlionc- to an.j tlir..ii.,rl, tlu- Liko ..I'tl... Wo ..l.s, li.-r .Maj.,stv» (Jovrnnnont sli.MiI,! I„. at lil...rty to ..xrnipt tl... ann<-x,-| t.-rrito-y from all paynuMits to th« llii.lson's Ihy Company, wliicl. payrn.M.t> w.niM il.,.iu: 'fortli l.e.-xclnsivoly l.-viahl.' (without any .l.nliiction from tluir amount) on the territories ac.pure.l l.y the Crown to the west of the ahovo line of .l.-niareation." In r.-anl to the soeon.) |Mirt of Sir K.lniinul lleail's l.tter of !4th Mareh, Sir Frederick Kojjers e.Ni)lainol that fh- Dnk.. of N..we,i>H.. was .piite willin.r to reeo-ni/,.. the transfeienee to the Hud-on's liay Company of the rij,dils iind re.spousil.iiitie.s of the Atlantic ami Paeilie Telegraph and Transit Company—" if it is r,.co;,r„i7,e(l l.y the colonies c-onceined." And he f,'o.i,s on to say, that His (irace " is lo further wdlin- th.it oti the .•omp|..fion of th.- road and leleirraph from the frontier of Canada to that of Hntish Ooluml.ia, lands adjacent to the line shall l,c ^rnmte.l to the Oontpanv at the rate of one mpiaremile for every lineal mile of road i.nd tele^'raph constructed on Crown lands iwtween the lino of (lemanation aU»ve (luscrilied and the frontier of Ihilish Columl.ia." Vni, On the l.Sth April, the Company accepted the otfer of (} .verMuient in principle, hut consid- ered that tin. amount of the payments within fifty yrars out of th.- laud and j.'old r.*venues should not he limite.1, .,r if limited, should Ik- limited to X I, ()0( ),()(>() instead of XL'.-)(),()tK». They a.sked in a.ldition to Ik- allowi'd — (I ) To retain as private property their •' Posts and Stations " (on which huildin^'s had heen erected) " out.si.l.- the |{.d ';iv,r Settlement, with an area of (J.tiOO acres round each such post." 20 (•2) To ntain "all lots .set out and occupied l»y them." (3) To n.(eive fo'» .wry .-.(t.OOO acres of land sold l.y the Crown, "a Krant of 5,000 acres of wild land ' of their own c'oice. Tliey also re.|uire exemption from . xcej.tional taxation and relief from every expense of covern- ment. ^ r » As th.' l.asisof an anan-cmcnt for " throu;,'! nuniinic.tion," th-v expressed their readiness to adopt Mr. Watkins plan (i lifid.as it necessarily w..uld l.e hy the amal-amation of the Uu.lsoi.s Hay ompar.y.an.l th,. Transit and T.h-r;iph Comi-Mny), but they re.piired f've square miles of lan.i /Mr lineal milr of tele;;raph and roa.i, instea.l of on.' s.pnire mile as ottered by liovernment. I.\. On the (ith <,f JuM.', Mr. Cardwell .hu-lin.;.! to accept th.-e proposals witlw.ut considerable 30 mo.bficati..us, but dcf.md any counter-proposal until after cuisuiUtiou with the Treasury and wi^'> ' the Cana.iian (iovernment. This was the position of th,. nc;;otiation when th.^ un.l.-rsi,-ne.| r.'a.-hed Lon.h.n, early in necombcr, mn, and wh,.n Mr. Cardw.ll piacr.l in his hands th.' pap.rs .jf whi.di a summary has.be'n «iven. Mr. < 'nidw.n. in .xplainin,' v.-rbally th.- stal.- .)f the n.-,ifotiations, ad.led, that in uase the Hudson's Bay Company's offer ..f l.Sth April. IH(i4, was ao.:ept..,| by the (Jovernnient ..f Cana-la, a.s containin ' in principh' a basis on which n, -otiaiioM-^ mi-ht 1... coniin I with the hope of a .sati.sfactory solutionjie was .d opinion that wiisidi-rabl.' modificition.-, .if the terms mijfht U- obtaim-.l. That theiv inifrht be no luisun.l.r.tan.lin- as to the off.T .)f the (.Smpanv, J re,pi.,.ste.l that a map mmht be ..btaiu.Ml fr..m Sir K.lmund Head, so coloured .w t« mIh.w clearly the t.;rrit.irv n..w elaiine.1 by 40 Ine nu.|s.m's HayC p^ny as th.-ir pn.perty ; an.l also a s.con.l map so coi„ur«.l"a.s to show what portion of the li;nd elnim.- 1 t.. be th.-irs, tb.-y now propose.l to surren.h-r to the (;r..wn Two maps coloure.1 in this manner, w.re accordiuKly obtained from the (!ompany, and are ap|H.n.le.l to this ro,K.rt.' Acc..mpai)>inK M'-se maps wa.s a letter from Sir K.lmun.l Head, dated 7tli December, IXtit which without abatinj,' his proposal of l;(th April. ..Ifoie.l as un alternative :— ' ' 1. That lliu Cjinpany be paid Xl.OOti.OOO sterlinj,' 2. That the (}ov..rnment ..f liritish North America acknowl.-.lire the Companv'.s ri.rl.f. ».. .rud.. without exclusive pnviicyes of any kiti.l, within the territury. on :— That I of II line r Milji'.-sty'B (! iillilHcln'.l ■tion from iircatioii." ck Rollers 111 rriiii^)ii>iili| not ii adilitiun !n erected) SO '.s of wild f govern- .diu(!s>t to sou's Hay land per isidtTaliJe 30 and wi''', )ocoinl»or, von lliidson'a iiinin;,' in lution, he at a map fiinitMl l)y 40 )w what wo innjis, in rejwrt. t, which, t>j trade, ^Va area L!nInj;;\.l!:"''Ar '""''' '"'!'' ""^^""1- ''""'- P'-»-'ow ..copied, with a reasonahl. ronn.l each post. All prev.ons sales u„.| har^ain. n.a.l.. .,v ,h. t il.-.l i;iv..,. sh.UI I.e continued pan3^ j;:i;::;;': -irr:::. "''^'^'' "-'•'" ^"-'- «"•"' '■""- - --i>^'-^' -xe^ o„ u. con.. .oti;^::::-;^:r::;:t;:L;;'M:/zz;^^ all the I!!;;!:.'!;;' l '';T"" ^'f *"• '""'"' , '■ '""•' ""•■■ " ^'^ «—"«-'' of Bntlsl. North A.n..nca almlily ;;;:;;;;:;;: ' "" ^"""^'-^--^ tl.et,dc«r.pho.the p..y.ne«t of theco.t price and expen.es '"an J." I'r""''!? ""'"' ^^'- *'"'■''*"" ''"■•^-' ''"""""''' °^ ^'"-' "'"'-"'^ ""V C.npanv, I pointed oot what r. it nnl ,, 1" r '''"J;7^ <'-;••"""■"»■ f- - «n'~ «"". terri..ry to which they had o titU, , n,le. he.r chart..,. ; and I eonlende.l that if the solution of the .pn-sti..,. was to he souL-ht in U.e p.n.eha.e .. a porfon of the C'ou.pany's territorial claiu.s. tl... first st,.p was cl.a ly t , I J" uhat vah.l.ty there was in those clain.s-what lan.l the Cmpany really ha.l to sell. nonJ ^Tl'"' V"'!' "' 7 ,'""■"""'' "'"'" "^ """ ""^'''"■- *'"'^ "" «"'""''" «-""l'l '■- Hntisf«..torv to the people.,, ( Hna.la sh.,rt of the entire extinction of the Hudson's B.y ,.- p.nvs t.-rritoria . h.,s . n.l exc .,ve n,ht. of trade. I point.. , that to reco,ni. , n.^ntain ihe exdusiv. 1 .:' 00 1::T' n""1' " ': """ "' '''^' """^''""^' •^"'' ^" ^''^^^ '^ » ■'•v -^ — l-lv «/ the lucrative 1 avi TT' , ':• ^";'''>":'— "■-' ^ han-ler m the way of the rapid settle.n.-nt of'the cuntn ," on the p«,t of the Hu.l.sons Hay Con.pa.ty. son.e years hence, lor the Hnal extinction of its claims. I mx..-I tl,„, in view of the pr.M.nt nns..tt!...l position of the American contin.mt, it wa.s of the H^.es .m,.,,an.v ,0 a.tn.t t.. liri.ish A.nerica as lar,e a share as possihle of th- Kulvpean e: ,'^ ""-''"V' '■"'""" "i'."^ "" ^^"•^'-^Vest T..rritories, with ad then- agricultural, nuneral an.l fur- t a,I.n« udva,.,a,e.s, woul.l ..on.lu..e vastly to that en.l-an.l that a further .lelay o thi.s s 1^^ d .. n. t ,.. .n.nH.rat,on o.Auu.. leans now ,.,in. on into th.- territory) render th tal,lisl.n...nt ..? I mst.tut,o„H .„ .he settle.1 portions of the country no.,!, u.or.. di.lieuit than it a..ti..n were take,, now IVnying the clai.ns set up hy the Ilu.lson's Bay Con.pauy, I fu,ther c.,nt..n.le.l that oven wo.-e all ••^0 ...r p-et. ,.s.on.s a.i„..tt..d „• th.- sak., of ar,u,nent, the su.n den.au.le.l hy the (^..npa. vCr..,d>: . n , 1.0, .ste,-l„,K wa., ,nuch n.o.v than th-y a.e entitle.! to n-ceive for tl.,- .ntire l.Lil^^uZ lan„.,nm, the Atlant.c to the Kooky M.-untains. an.l IVo.u the A rieao lin. to the e. e , ,. ,' i.o,nt...| out, that ,t was y eighteen n.ontl.H ninco the rights of th. Hudson's Bav Co. . . , psse,! hy ,n,..hase .ntothe hau.ls ..f the present p..opri..,o..s ; th.t ,h., paid i;i,.i...,,„o "'tl ^e HKhU, wlod. washfty,,r,. c.u/. aU.ve the then ,ua,ket val.,e of th.. p,-.>pe.tv ; an.l I ,...fe„vd U Z ofhc.al pro.spee,uson which the new eo.upany was fonae.l in J..ly, l.-i U-.mV f ha t ,.1^^^^^^ now n...e .. Her Majesty's Cov..,.nn.ent hy the O y .as utt..rly'un....l,:l,;^^' f' ,.^:" i' Cardweils attenfon to the fact, that th- p.-os, tus .l.....a,e.l that the ...ets of the n..w H„,ls „ T I ay 40 I 't n' "• ""Vu ' r '""''"' """'"^' '"'' '""•' " '"^""^'>' ^"'"•"' '•>■ -"M..'t.-nt values at X I ..S' l..«..l, an,l oh.... stock-... t,a.l.., in..|u.lin. shippi,..,, husine,s p,vn,is.s. an-fother huihli,.,. , .■ .'.s".- r Zsm"'; "•; '-'"'f • ' r'"' -"^ ""^ "• ^•'"'"'■'" ^••^''''* '"■•<•• ""-""^ ".•c.nv.n-ti" :; .. a c a nnc .hrtv.-.l ..on. the old Hudson'. Bay C.u..panv was spok..,. of in the prospec us li that ...her a.-,., lan-l.-d possesions, hesi.l.s th.,se i.. the east of tl... llo..ky M „«ins an.l ,Lth of „ \^™p.!;;r^"' thus..th,rthi.. thepr..s,...ctusas hein, pa-t of th., p..o..r.y pu,.,. J' l^ H: l>ertv.'"seve-" ?" '*'';'';'"';"':^"' J-^J-''-^ f "• <-"<-I'any possess the f;.Ilowin. valuahle lan.l..,! p,.,- perty.--heve..v ..„,.. ..f i„, , Hntish Col...nl.ia. oc^unvin.' .nost favour., hi. -!».- ..t .»•.•,■••! f hnZ:!:,;;^':..:::' '•' ^'--'^•^--4.— Henat taCloch....... l,ake Hu...... and tract: of land .IniNT Al'l^KNIllX. S«.-. III. f'liiMttian liiM-utitrntt, ami t W*TM' tfir i'lthtniat >»rrrlftr» tiud III' Humi>nn^^ /irior t'l Ihr siirrnii/rr of the ( 'om/Mnf'i claims. I{»|«.i.t of the l).'li'Ki>t« to I'^itrluiiil, 26 ■'».niary, I WO. TP ilf inn Joint ArPFNriix. H(><;. III. r tho ()iv,'(.ii Tivity. I st.ituil, on infoiinition that hid ivaehod me, hut wi.hout porHonai knowiiMlyu of it8 foiivetnf.ss, that thu Aiuoiicaii (j .vuniiii.»rit had .'.vpross-d its \villinj,'iioss to pay m'7'.",„,„/ ?I,0()(I,(K)0 for tho oMhiction of tliat ciaiiu, but that tlu- Conipaiiv ivj|.et.-d it, and wore in u.xiwctntioii Z7ii'',Z!""' "' '■•^Cfiviiij,' a niufh larf,'fr snin. i'-»;i <»<''• 0<>0 sieriin;:, even for the entire ..xtin«tion of their territorial and ''"""iL trade claims east .,f the Uueky Mountains. ISiu | adiuitted that it was for H.'r Majesty '.s Imperial 10 K.;i».rt..f the Uoverimient to .settle with th.- Hudson's Hay Cumpany tho considoration to ho paid for tho extinction I Mwit.. t.. 01 their elaiiiis, as it eoiild nut he expected that the people of ( 'anada should Imnu- the hurdon of extin- ...mnndjfith ^,„i^|,i„^, » nionojioly that they rs of Your Kxccllency's Council do proceed to Enudaml U> confer with H r Majesty's (ioverninent :— Onlcr-in- I'mmiil, (Ciiiiiulul, IMM.***^''' ^^^ Upon the proposed Confederation of tin Ihitish North American I'r.vinces, and the moaiw whereby it can be most speedily etlecled. 2ihI. U|)on the arran^'ements neees.sary for the defence of Canada, in the event of war ari.-iinfj with the Ihiited Stntes, and the extent to which the same should be shared Imtwoen Ciroat IhiUin and Canada. 3rd. Upon the uteps to be taken with reference to tho Kecipiority Treaty, and the ri!,dits conferred by it upon the United States. -.. 4th. Upon the urranf,'em«nt« iieces.airy for tho sottlcuicnt of the North-\V est Territory and Hud- son's IJay C'ompaii\ '.s eUiiins. ath. And, ;j:enerally, upon tho e.xi-.cin„r critic d state of all..ii-. by which Canada is m(,st seriously aflected. The Committee further recommend that the followinjf moinis.Ts of Council Iw named to form tlie delej,'ation, vizi.Me.ssis. Mac lonald, Cartier, liiown and tialt. Cenitied. Wit ii. |,Kr, ('.E.C. »n» JuurnaU, l^ntotive AMomhiy, CmiaiIii, 1865, Vol. 25, (i. h. -l^VN.,,. n Buy Cnm- urHnnal u(ss ti» pay exi)<-elutii>ii (Jompaiiy itorial ami s iiii|)i>rial 10 1 extinclinii (n ot't'xtiii- •s from tlie luiljfCtM. I ('<)iii|miiy's of ()|>uiiiiij>{ s. in London, is lioliilays iiiii "f t-'it' 20 1 tluirefore ilisctission oviirninont atisfiictory l«)WN. Al, ON 30 Jo proceed tlio inoaiw ining with I'ilaiii uml ciinlciTwl an'■ ^^^-''^ '^ P^i"' »>>' a the Crown, bein,^atisiiel tTat tl « alunt „f '' .'T '"'' '''""''^ *" "•'=*^""'""'' "*-' "" ^'"' P-*"-^ "^ would apply to the H.ia.^=;: -^:tc:e=:zC2:t;^;z;;rrr I have, etc.. Oovernor-General Viscount Monck, Edward Cardwell, 80 etc., etc., etc. Report ok the Canadian Delegates to Enound* To Ihs Excellency U. Right JlonoumUe VUrount Monck. Governor-GerLral of British North May it please Your Excellency. '^"'''*''"' '^'- '''■ The undersigned havinL', by Order in Coiinoil of «>in. M«..„i. iu/»)c i the Executive (.>uncil ot cLda to Vr^^t^:^:^:^'^Z:^V ?/'""""''" " «-- " oerUtin HubjecU ..f in.porUnce to the Province Hailt,! f^>r kIZ Tn A • . •" ^ ^"^ "" •*""""' the duty entruHted to^hen. and retun.d ri^Inat I ow G Tut'^^^^ ^i::',^"!' ""^'"'"^"•' ...ation. a .Utement of our proceec»««eamon of the French at tJ.e period of th.t ce«o0 in 1768." f tb« I an KukUiuI, 12 July, iMiO. • JoumaU, Lcgulativ. Awembly, Cm..!., m\ Vol 26. p. 54 | /hid \ U, I The omitted poriiun. of thi. K.port do nut r,l»tc to the m.lter. m mm ' i__ t Ibid., p. a 2SN JoWT APPMflllX. Sw. III. Ctitutthitn ami I'ltrrti- trtwrrn Fi. reply t.. tlim ik'spatcl., Mr, Card well, on 1st July, 1804, mjueHtoil to b« informed wi.ether the (Jovernn.ent of Canada was prepared to Bssist in nojfotiftti.>hs with the Hudson's Buy Company with the view of acceptii^r any portion of the territory now claimed by that CompHuy, and providin'- the in..ans „f lo.al adn.uustrafion therein ; and he su«irested that if so prepared it would bo dusirable'that M.rrn "'"'".' 'T"" '^"'^' ""^''"'■'^'''' '" communicate the views of the Canadian Oovernnient shoul.l be sent to ihriu.miai 'Jij^land for that purpns*'. Strrrlnrii unit i\ l\ imivr ».;":.';.;:.: v, /. > ,. ' '^'*^';'"'^^' ^«"*' » Minute of CouncH was approved by Your Excellency, in reply to prior to'tkr- ' •^' ' l-a'dwell s despatch. It set forth that the Government of Cmada was rea.ly and anxious to co- rtcTf:t'«y'. "'"""'" ''''^'' ^''" ^'"l>"'ittl Uovernn.ent in .securing the early settlement of the Norlh-Wost Territories «/«..«^ and the estabhshm«nt of local government in it« .settled portions ; but that in its opinion the fii^t step ,„ towanis that end w.w the extinction of all claim by the Hu.lsons Bay Company t.. proprietory rights in the sod and exclusive rights of trade. It suggested tliat it was for tin. Imperial Government and not lor the Government of Canada, to assume the ,luty of bringing to an end a monopoly originating in an hngl.sh charter, and exercised .so long under Imperial sanction ; but that when the negotiations weie brought to a cline, the Government of Canada would be ready to arrange with the Imperial Gov- ernment for the annexation to Cana.la of such portions of the territory as might l>e available for settle- nunt, as well as for the opening up of communications into the U-rritory and providing means ol local ciriun""- •«'>'";'i«t'-uti«''- Or should the Imperial Government prefer to erect the territory into a Crown colony KteTMh ''" ^ ""'l'^'*" tloveriuuent would gladly co-operate in the opening up of communication into the torri- J..ly, 1K..V tory an.l the .settlen.. nt of the country. The Minute Hnally suggested that the Honourable President 20 of tl.u Louncd whdo in England would communicate more fully to Mr. Cardwell the views of the Caimdian Government. The negotiath.ns that followed on this .lespatch satisfied us of the impossibility of enforcing the end .sought by Car, ula without long-protracted, vexatious an.l costly litigation. The Hud.son's Bay C oinpany were in po> session, and if time were their object, could protiTict the proceedings indefinitely • and Her Majesty s Government ap{)eared unwilling to ignore pi-eten.sions that had freiiuently received ./.r.M< recognition from the Imperial authorities. Calling to min.l. therefore the vital imporUnce to Camula of having that great an.l fertil,. country opene.l up to Cana.lian enterpri.se. ami the tide of immigration into it .lirecte,! thn.ugh Cana.lian channels- rememlHU-ing also the .langer of large granU ..f land i.H.s,>u.g i..to tlu. hands of mere moneyed corporations and eml«irra.ssing the rapi.l settlement of 30 ti.e counliy-an.l the risk that the recent di.scoveries of gohl on the eastern slope, of the Rocky Moun- tains might throw int.) the country largo masses of settlors unaccustome.l to British institutions-we an 1V...I at the conclusion that the .piickest solution of the .piestion woul.l bo the best for Canada We ac.o„l,ngly propose.l t,. tl... Imperial MinisU-rs that the whole British territ.)ry, east of the Itocky Mountains un.l n.)rth of the American an.l Cana.lian lines, shoul.l Ikj made over to Cana.ln subject to such rights as the Hudson's Bay Company might bo .ble to establish ; an.l that the compen.sati..n to ll.atC.m.pany(if any wer.- found ... Ik, .lue) .shoul.l be met by a loan guarantocl by Great Britain Iho Imperial Gov..rnin..nt c.nsented to this, an.l a careful investigation of the case satis.ies us that the compensation to the Hu.lson's Bay cannot, un.ler any circumstances. l>e onerous. It is but two years since the present ll.i.lson's Bay Company purcha.s.-,| th.! entire pro|K)rty of the -dd Company • they paid 4© i.l..5tJ0,(MX) for ih.- .•ntire property an.l a.-^set,s-in which were inclu.le.i a large sum of Ciush on hand large lan.le.l proiierties in British Columbia an.l .-Isewhere not include.! in our nrrangoment a very iHig... cium, against the Unit^-d States Government un.ler the Oregon Treaty; and shirw goo.l's pelts an.l business premi.s,..s in England an.l Cana,la valued at Xl,02;j,.'>(iy. The value of th,, territorial 'rights of the Company, therefore, in the estimation of the Company itself, will be easily arrived at. The reflu!t8 of our communications with the Committee .,f Her Majesty's Government were placed by Mr, Cai.hvell, in tlu- form of a .Icspat.h to Y..ur Excellency ; that .h.cument bears date the I7th' June, !8'ntitrnrt: Srertlilrn rlii(< /Ar Huilmn't llitjii'tiMitanii, pru^r In tkt MMrrnuIrr of Ihei'ttmjianf/'a elainu, I'lidcr ■Sirr^tnry fi> HikIh'Iu'h liny • '"iii|iiiny, :iHh Full, niury, 180(1. SO •«v* Rkport ok a Co.M«rrTEE o. CotTNCL. (Canada.) approved bv the GuvEnNOH-OENKRAL on the 22nd Dav of June, 18G6.» y aiount&n.H, and t ana.la has always .Imputed the title of the Company to it. Even if it bo adinitttnl that the (^haHj-- r>f ni7n _ • i •, , . •8«». P»peK, Can»d«, 1867-8, Vol. 1., No. 19. ~ •f II i Joiirr Ammniz. Soo. HI. Canniditn IhifHinrnit, anil I'lirrn- pimilfncr ortirffn Ihr I'lilonial Srrrrlarii itml the Hnil»it%'i /fcij/('..)n/inii.i/, pTMr hi tHr turn lulrr of thtl'itminny'i rlainm. Ord«r-jn- Ciiiiiioil, Canada, 22iiheii.sivo syHtem of settlement is or can Iwj estahli-hod. The iKJst tracts are withhold from settle- meiit in onh-r thut their value may be increa.se.1 by the in.pr..veniei. of the Hurrounding coimtrN and by the labour of the .settlers, and the j.i ice paid to the Company for the land-., instea.] of being . xponded m the opening npof r.wds and in dev.loping the renources of the country, u .iivi.led among a numUr of non-ri'Midrnt .shandioMors having uo intere.st in the pr.wperity of the' ountry further than as such prosperity contributes to the value of their shiuea. In the correapondenrt- which to.)!c place in 1863 and 1804 between the Hudson's Ray Company and the ColonialOtHc", with ri'ferenco to the introduction of the direct authority of licr Majesty '.s 10 Govornmnnt in Ruportn Land, it appears that the (.'ompany proposed, as a condtiot. of their assenting to the erection of a Crown ...Lmy, that they shoul.l retain the ownership in fee sin.pl.. ..f on.-half of the lands of the colony. This proposition was rejected by the Dulce of Newcastle, in languay which nppeai-s to the Committee to bo conclusive : " In an unsettled colony there is no effectual mode of taxation for purposes of government and improvement, and the whole progress of the colony depends on the liberal au,l prudent disposal of its land. These considerations afford deci.sivo reasons against leaving that land in the po.ssession of a cor- poration. And I am to observe tiiat Ihesd objections, conclusive in any case, are greatly enhance.l in the case of the IIu.Isou'h I iay Company, as I learn from your letter that it has been ' th.' unvarying opinion ' of the Committee on whose behalf you speak that the Company would ' lose fully as much 20 as they would gain, by th. in.Teaso of settlement in the chartered Territory," It is, therefore, to say tho least, a (juestion whether the Company would not be under a .lirect ir.F those . corpo- 3II as a h tracts 40 x)dy of rnment its, and y work hat the hat its «port of Ml It i. evident that the old policy of ex.-lu,ion of ^tra.iRors from th. Territory «„.t nhortiy be «t an Hudsons Hay Company can either .omst or control. This population will lu.dnlv conie fr..,; t\l n.tc.I St^aes. an.l ulthou.h there may 1. a ,,.od many of II.'. Majesty's Huhi.^l.. , hemTy 10 1 In ' '" "•^"'"'"'^- ^''7 «"' "tte. ly .li^ d the authority of t! Oouipany, v.li . ndeavour L 10 esUI-lHh a ffov, nmont and tribunals of tl , a„.|. as si.u.larLlieH have done elsewhere on Id cr.ntinont. n^sert their | utical iiidependonc-. of rourt* *=r™""';y -""''J ««ver the British North American p<«sessionH in twain and l. the meanK ThofutuuMnterest^of Canada an.l all British North American possessions are. therefore vitnlly 7zt2:^z::;:^T^-' «^ - --« «— ^ ^"^ «- '» ^- -ti^-^ta^ .;:::j: J.npres«ed with tids conviction, Canada woul.l ere this haveopene.l negotiations with tho Hudson's Bay Company for the extinction of their claim, had it not Uv„ for the prospect of her speedy absor,. i n 20 -; ;« P-P-J Union of the British North American Colonies. It wolild ibviously hale be' n i„; o .r for the Canadnui Oovernmcnt to con negotiations which they could not hope to complete or to enter into engagements, the fulHlmei. hich must fall on the whole Confede'ra.cd Pr W M the sam,. time the Committee beg lea olm-rve that if the Company had thought proper to subnd for consulerauon formal proposals for u.c ti^nsfer of their claims, the «„.U settleineiit of the p IZn would have been greatly advanced. tpicsuon Recent e . ents serve to show that in a few months that union will be effected, and the Committee have no doubt that the Confederate (lovernment and Legislature will feel it to be one of Z Hrt JZZL "^"'f ' ^'"', ' """"•"" '" "^ "^"- ^^"'^""''y'' Uovornment in discountenancing and 30 pi eventing any such sales of any portion of the territory as is now ai.plied for. W. H. Lbe, C.E.C. TUE aoVUlNoK-OlilNERAL To TOE COLONIAL SECRjrTAnv.* GOVKRNMEVT Hoi'SK, OrrAWA, aSid June, 1866. R.R.-Refening to your despatches (Nos. 18 and 20) of February 24th and March 3rd I have the honour to transmit, for your information ami consi.leration, an approved Minute of the Executive Coun- cil of this Province, on the subject of the Hud.son's Bay Territory. I have, etc., 40 The Right Honourable Monck. Edward Cardwell. MP., etc., etc., Secretary of State. JolHT API'UIIIII. 8«^III. Jtiifumrnit, iinil furrt»- i"iiilnirr '•tlierm Ihr ( Wunia/ Sri-rrliirfi ami Ihr lluilxiH < Hiiiti \,mfianii, ftru.r In Ihr lurrrmlrr uj IMr I 'imtinnf't (•"vcrnor. (ii'nrral ti> ('nitkl Hecri'tary, '.Cl.luiif, 1(MI6. The Governor or the Hudson's Bay Company to the Undku Skcrktary.* Hudson's Bay House, London. 17th Julv, 1866. Sir,— I have the honour to enclose, for the information of the Ritrht HonourahU t!.e Seer"*— ,•* "'"'»"»•- »« otaie. a copy ot a pamphlet which 1 received on tho 12th instant. ' "' ' '"'""»"*'" • S«M. P»p«r«, Canada, 1867-8, Vol. 1, No! 18. '•ifii|iany tii Ufn1t'r-S«:ri'- tary, UJiily, low. \i 'H'M MICROCOPY RESOIUTION TEST CHART (ANSI ond ISO TEST CHART No. 2) 112.8 t- fins 12.5 • 45 2.0 1.8 .75 1.6 A _ ^PPLIED irvHGE In '6!j3 EqsI Mom bifeel Rochester. New York t4609 USA (716) 482 - 0300 - Phonr 262 Joint Appendix. d™,, to can .„„ »,.oi.ir:;;o::urL:,°„ftl'i""''''"'"" -^ "» ""^'""■' ^^^ c°-i»"^ At ])ap;e 20 tlio followinji: passage occurs : — " Twenty yea-, later, in ls6r>, tl,e A.n.rican territory of Montana adjoins the region -vliich excited c.n,wn to the sources .. 1 ^^^^Tu '' ''''V' 'n ^''T''' ""^"^^ '''' '^ ''''''' ^^^^^ 7^;::-':^' border, an,l rumoiut of g^ h^ ' , ?,, m 1 f ' "''' ^:"^'' '"'""^ ^'"^" ^" ^'"^ international =;;!:„1 to tl. prospector, are ai;;a.K. wr..!; ^In ^I'l^r'f:^'""'^" ^''^^'•'«^' ^^'^'"^ -'-^ S-^^er pri.es Sec, HI, ('anailian Hofiuiifnt.i. loid Curves pomlntre llftWtfiX t^^^^tJ'^'^nthnsiasmofDeSmet the Hudxiin'a ' - Jiaiii'iimpniiii, rinr i urrrniicr of j.„ ii ^ , ^- MfC™y«,„,,V,, to tlie prospector, are already rife, and will soon nrop!,,;fTf„ n cf. i- , -"- . the spacious void. What is'called th • A n" can L n of th R ' TT ^^"^:"''''T'"'^ "^' I^'^P^''' "'^o Hu.l«.„>- Bay although Sure since the era of .h.n,, '""^/'^■^"'f ^*>0" o^ th« Red River Settlements has been slow, 10 ta- rushs^ldenlva^d:!;:::^,::!^::::;^^!";.'^"^;^'^ AnK.-ieani.ation of the Saskatchewan will 1800. "^' rush suddenly and soon from the camps of treasure-seekers in Montana." You, Sir, are aware of the correspondence which dm-in.r fl^n i„»f >i i " Until this .,iT,„gernent shall have boon disposed of, if, will be nooe„.rv fo, H„ u ■ . • ^^ Gove,.„„e„t to .e=p it in view i„ .,., steps whiC, ly „aybe callod npor,:;"^ ifthf ItteT' '^ ' .a.=„,„..„e«i„,itsEHtish^ha,aoter,.l'driL!:Ltl:!;;'::',:riiri:'''' °"^"' -»' " "'« Ihis may, no doubt, either be effected by the direct action of thp Fnr^l^'l, r- =:SS2;rr ="■ =" - "= ir:?.;: -- r £ i.a|._u„.n!i..._^ connci;tetl witn it. So far a«j l can judge from 10 20 30 4 11 p r( di I di w 40 in by Da Th ommmnss^iBmS^g'^SS^ y of the United ! Bay Company 11 'vliich excited 1,000, Imvc been le international greater prizes ^ ^"' -'" '^'^^^ being north of tl e 49th paraU .ui ' b, . h° '"' " ^"''^ '' ''"^'' ^''^"^''' ^"^'■^'' ^^-nd, as Hud:ons Bay Company.^ " "^"' " ""' "'•'^"' ""^^''^ '^>' ^'^ '-•''-^er of Charles J I. to the 1 have, etc., Edmund Head, Sir Frederic Rogers, Baronet, Governor. etc., etc., etc. JOINV Apl'liNIJIX. .Sbc. Ill, ( 'niifti/i/tji l><>rintll Htn^ anil Cun-es- Itondence between the Colonial Srcretury ami the HihIhou'! Ba;ii'ovipiiny^ jirinr to the surrenitcr (if thcCvrnpaivi'i claims. The Colonial SECKErAKY to the Goveunor-Gkneral.* My Loro,-I have the honour .0 transmit to you to be KiTr'^ ''''"'"' ''' ""'''''''• ''''■ accompanying copy of a letter fro.n the Gov™ of 2 Hu s ' Bav 7 '°"'' '"''^"T''^" ''^'""' ^'^ of a pamphlet, a letter from the Secretary of the United Stls T "'''''"^'' '"''"""^' "' ''"' ^""'' the House of Representatives calling for infolnf ^^asury, m answer to a resolution from America. ' ^ '' information in r.gard to connnercial relations with British I iiave, etc., Governor the Right Honourable Viscount Monck, Carnarvon. 2^ etc., etc., etc.. Cnlonial Seuretary tri Uiivcnicr- (it'lR'Ial, Ist August, The Governor-General to the Colonial Secretary.* Government House. MvTnpn Tl *l, T- , ' ^TT-^^^A' J«th August, 18G 6 decide, pending the di™„,„ „t the Union of the P,wi„ct TbII "i.k.irMe to 30 As the completion of that Union may now be looked for of a« „„ i i di«e„uie, „hieh .._„ th. position of the n..^:V:; ^:;:::::;'■l:z:t::^:::;:l''' I have, etc., The Right Hon. the Earl of Carnarvon, MoNCK. etc., etc., etc. Governor- Ijeneral ti) Colonial Secretary, 18 August, 1860. 40 Memorandum of the Commissioner of Crown Lands of Canada, Uth June 1S07 + ^ AW^^^d by Order in Council (CWda) of I8;h J„„o, 180- ' Iho Commissioner of Crown Lands has the honour to submit U, Yn,„. 1?. ii • .. n the year 1859, the ..ection of country between Lake SupeHo nd Do. "at w T " m"""^' ^^>^' -^^-.orandu.n by Provincial Land Surveyors Lindsay Russeli and J f and t unl. L "1 7'f (r"£'"^^ «'""-"'" Daw.son, Civil Enf ,.„„.! 1 ^ i. , -ommand of Mr, Simon Crow., Thnnd.. Bay to Cuke!! dirnLlnrnV^t ^il;? '"'"™ °" "'° '""""P""'™" '"-«)■ '■ ' _ 2. It .. reported to tl^Con^i „ner of Crown L,mds tha t thi. line w» , well m.rked out, and ' ^"'«'' i'apers, Canada, 1867-8, Vol. I, No. 19 ' — + Seas. Papers, Canada, 1867-8, Vol. 1. No. 19. This was before Confederation. Lands, 'Om Canada, 14 June, 18B7. **l 264 App°i£Nmx '^.^^^"" ^'^'^" '°'' ^"""^ *""'' "*'^^ ^'* °- '"t^i' •''^"te will not l)e difficult to trace, the bii.lgin.,^ will be incon- — - ■ ■ siderable, and a good waggon road may be constructed for about fourteen hundred dollars a mile SfU. III. CcwaUian 3. The Outlet of Dog Lake presents facilities for raising the waters thereof from seventeen U) twenty Documents, e i. i e j »i.i .7.,, •' and Correa- •'-'ct, oy means 01 dauis across the two channels into which the outlet is divided — which incrensed iXm" t-levation the banks of the Like will, it is reported to the Commissioner, admit of. It is estimated that tonfan!'Li ''!'•' "^•'-'^■^'^i^'y '^■""« '^'^"I'l 'Je constructs for $6,000. The eifect of the work would be to render Dog tjieiJwinoH's River navigable for craft drawing six feet of water as far as Jourdain's Rapid, about thirty-seven miles prior to t/ie' "y I'"-' Windings of the river, or twenty in a direct Ime from Dog Lake. siirreiulrr nf thecompa,,!/', 4. From Jourdain's Rapid, on Dog River, to the depot, on Savanne River, is in a direct line eight — miles and three-quarters, and forms the height of land dividing the waters which run to Lake Superior from those flowing to Lake Winiiipeg, A good waggon road could be constructed for IJOOO a mile ; but as it would have to pass about two miles beyond the depdt, the distance must be reckoned at eleven miles. 5. The drift flood- wood in the Savanne River would require to be cleared out, at a probable cost ot SLOOO. 6. The total cost to reach the waters of the Savanne River would be, therefore, j- .allows : Thunder Bay to Dog Lake, twenty-five miles, at Sl,400ainile $35,000 00 Dams at the outlet of Dog Lake 6 000 00 Jlemoranduin Jouidaiii's Rapid to depot on Savanne River, eleven miles of road, at $900 a mile . . 9,900 00 20 »ion"r'of'''' Savanne River, clearing out flood- wood in i 'ooo 00 Crown li.indd, C;%n- — — _ Jun'e"l8fi7 • $51,900 00 ' ■ Superintendence and contingencies 4 000 00 $55,900 00 7. The above is the approximate estimate of Mr. Simon Dawson, C.E., who was in command of the Red River Exploring Expedition in 1858-9, and who now reports to the Commissioner of Crown Lands that he believes the necessary works, of suitable character and strength, can be constructed for the sums named ; and that the materials, as well stone as wood, required therefor, can be readily procured in the neighbourhood of the works, with hardy any tran.sportation that cannot be done in scows constructed on the spot. SO 8. The result of the improvements above estimated for, would be that 120 miles of the route from Lake Superior to Red River would be thrown open, giving easy access to Lac des Mille Lacs, the western extremity of whicli is within 70 miles of Rainy Lake, from whence the navigation is uninter- rupted (save by a short portage at Fort Francis) to the north-west angle of the Lake of the Woods, a point distant about 90 miles from Fort Garry. 9. The Colonization Road Fund of Upper Canada has a sum at its credit, from Parliamentiry votes, sufficient to meet the expenditure contemplated by this Meino;-andum, in case your Excel'iucv in Council should deem it expedient, for the present, to devote it to this object, on the assumption that the amount now expended will form a claim upon the now Dominion of Canada, and that proper accounting .shall be liad between the present Provinces of Upper and Lower Canada, as to the sum now 40 taken from the Colonization Funds of Upper Canada for general purposes, the equivalent votes for Lower Canada having been heretofore therein expended. 10. The Commissioner of Crown Lands humbly recommends to your Excellency that the course above suggested be adopted, and that the improvements described be immediately uudertaken, iind carried out during the present season. n I Crown Lands Department, 14th June. 1867. A. Campbell, C. C. L. g will be incon- rs a milt;. nteen t^llow3 ; 535.000 00 6,000 00 9,900 00 1,000 00 20 '51,900 00 4,roo 00 155,900 00 ommand of the f (Jrown Liinds ructed for the iadily procured done in scows SO the route from tlille Lacs, the tion is uninter- F the Woods, a Parliamentary )ur Excelhiicy j.sumption that >d that proper a the sum now 40 ilent votes for hat the course iidertakeu, and X, CCL. Ri'I.nrt S\iper- intendent Ciilonization Roads, Ontario, 4th October, 1862. Department of Crown Lands, Province of Ontario, To tke Hon. S. nickanls. Com.nssioner of Croron Lan^ls ''""™' ''' ^^^°'^^' ^'^"■ I I'-fl^^u'dtld'toTo'cUi rthe°fo:i7r"" '"'" ''""^'^^^'^^- "" ^-^^ «"P--> writhe. 20 Campbell. ' ""^ "^' ^"'™" Commissioner of. Crown Lands, the Hon. Alexander iabo^::sr:t::::n:d^:::-rr^^ ''t' "-' '- -^-'- -^ -p^^^ ^p-^yof works, intended to open a r ..Z- r n 'it 1 no f'"'°" c"n„noncing and forwarding a schen.e of ior, and Fo.t Garry, L the R^d Rivre t It and":;;" °';' '^'T''- ^'""'^^ ^^^' ^'^ ^^^° ^"P- work.asfarastheSavanneRiver,:LtIt^'^^^^^^ '"'' '"" "''^''^ '^^ '''' ^^'- speei:;?;t^ir:i::ir!s;;;:::?:;;ir::r'^ t-^^^ r'^^' ''-■ «■ ^- ^^--. ->- --^-^.^d order to complete the first na:i:ib!r^:r:^r:H7sr:::c:!:°^"°^^ '' ^^^ ^^^^ -^ ^'--^" 30 A?". '?! ''''''' °' '''^ ""■'■ '"' ^"'"""^^^""^ -P-^-g ^1^^ -n, etc.] All of which is respectfully submitted by Your obedient servant, Jas. W. Bridgland, Supt. of Col. Roads. wLd :^'^z:::Sg izr^::! -::s:^^f ^ ^-- ^^--^^^^ «^ *^^ ^^-- -^^h was Bay Company for the terminarioi f Th r X^^^^^^^ .^°^'-""-* -^ -« Hudson's Add„ P^tch of the 17th June, 1865, from tl.e then Wt^ S^Sj^Ti'!^ "^^^f"'"^-- -^'' «- ^'es- K^^ patch of the 17th June 1865 from t' o Vl, 1 c? , . t"'" ''°''''*^^^ "'^^ '" accordance with the des- ^-,''''- 40Governor-General,should:tu i:ana™nerb';"' 'If '"''" ''°'°"^" ^"^ «'« Excellency he »"'™* ment must be submitted to, and iTc ion T W the PaT" T'/n " '"'^'^ '^^^"•'^^^ *'-* ^-'^ agree! &&- force or .ffect whatever «^"«t'«"'^^l ^y the Parliament of Canada before the same ohall have an v ^'"'"'' '''' * .Segg. Papcir, Caim.la, 1867-8, Vol. 1 K„ 19 — — t Jou„.,s,^House of Co„,.o„., Canada, 1867-8, pp. 66, 67 ; ,W to Do.. Stata., 1872. If 2(i(i Joint Al'l'KMPIX. Ar.mu:ss to Her Majesty f«om the Senate am. JIocse of Commons of Canada Dkci-mbbr ;]8C7.» To Ihe Queen's mod Excellent Majeffi/. i. ill. (/'■inailian Documents Hf i /-i • r-. ci'k/ i'nrrcs- Mdst uracioiis Sovei'cii'n — m'"S.„, r,n„ , '■ p"?^"J'''V'' '""■'',V^"t'/"l •''"'I '"y'^l ■^>'''J<--cts. tlio Senate an.l Commen.s of the Dominion of farZi::"' '" '"'"^•"'^"^ a.ssen>Lleci, luunMy approach Your Majesty for the purpose of repre.sontin.. • Zr'"-"^' 1:7'IV^ ^''° Do.n.n.on of Ca,.a,Ia, constituted under the provisions of the British North Amer- ^^n,> ica Act of 1,SC7, were exte.ule.l westward to the shores of the Pacific Ocean. Ad,l...s«,.fthe That the colonisation of the fertile lands of the Saskatchewan, the Assinihoine, and the Red River K) MZnt ^^'-f •■'«t^-tln' cK'velopn.ent of the nuneral wealth which abounds in the ret,-ions of the North-We«t- ^,H„Ma. ^"'l 'r^-^^i;'^'"'^ of connnerciai intercourse, through the British pos.sessions in America, from the i,.j« Atlantic to the Pacihc.-areahko dependent upon the estal.lishment of a stable Lr.;vernment for the December, maintenance of law and order in tiie North-Western Territories. ^vt.nmot, toi ti>e That the welfare of a sparse and wi,lely-scattered population of British subjects, of European orirnn already inhabiting these remote and unorganized territories, would be materially enhanced by the for- mation therein of political institutions bearing analogy, as far as circum.stances will admit, to those which exist in the several Provinces of thi.s Dominion. RunJ!"V''^'*^l^"'t".fw °^"t''^"'''^^'"^"''='^^^*«f 1««7 provides for the admission of Rupert s Land and the North- Western Territory, or either of them, into Union with Cana,la. upon tern.s 20 and conditions to be exp...sed on Address from the Houses of Parliament of this Dominion to You Majesty, and which shall ! c approved of by Your Majesty in Council. That we do therefore most humbly pr.ay that Your Majesty will be most graciously plea.sed by and wtl the advice "f Your Most Honourable Privy Council, to unite Ruperts Land and the NortJi- \\ es ern Territo: . with this Dominion, and to grant to the Parliament of Canada authority to legislate for their future welfare and good government; and we most humbly beg to express to Your ATajestv territrieT '" ''''""'' "'' ^"^''' """^ obligations of government and legislation as regards these That in the event of Your Majesty's Government agreeing to transfer to Canada the jurisdiction nd control over the said region, the Government and Parliament of Canada will be ready to provide 30 that the legal rights of any corpc ation, company, or individual within the same, shall be respecL and placed under the protection of Courts of competent jurisdiction. respected and And furthermore, that upon the transference of the territories in question to the Canadian Government, the clamis of the Indian Tribes to compensation for lands requi;ed for purposes of s tle^ ment. will be considered and settled in conformity with the equitable principles wldcli have uniformry governed the British Crown in its dealings with tlie aboriginies. nuormjy consideraUo^ "' '""''''' ^"' ^""' ""'''"''^ '" '"''' "*° ^°"'" "^^^"^^'^ "°^* gracious and favourable The Senate, Tuesday, December 17th, 1867. Joseph Cauchon, Speaker, ^q James Cockbukn, Speaker. Governor- (Jenernl to Colonial Secretary. 21 Decem- ber, ISO*, House of Commons, Monday, December 16th, 1867, The Governor-General to the Colonial SECRETARY.f Government House, „ T ^ , Ottawa, 21st Dec, 1867. Mr Lord Duke-I have the honour to transmit a joint Address to Her Majesty the Queen from the Senate and House ot Commons of the Dominion of Canada, pr aying that Her Majesty will be *J(.urnal8, Huuso of Comiuuiw. Uaiiada, 1807-8. i.i.. 5t;. 07 : Pr.f.v t.> D...i. «t.f= , Canada, 1867-8, Vol. 1, No. 50. 1873. V, Dhckmbeii Dominion of scnting : antiige of the North Amor- 'le Red River K) ortli-West,— ca, from the lent, for tlie opean origin, by the ibr- lit, to those admission of , upon terms 20 lion to Your ascd by and the North- ^ to legislate lur Majesty sgards these jurisdiction ^ to provide 30 spected and i Canadian ' of settle- uniformly favourable N, Speaker, ^q N, Speaker. 1867. ho Queen, 3ty will be 207 friTrfl^^'^r "' '?.fT^.^-\.^'" ^''^'' ^" ^""""'^^ ""^y ^' P^^'^'l *" conformity with the provision of the 140th Sectum of the I'.ntrsh North An.erica Act, 18r.7, for annexing to the Dominion of Canada the territory of Trmco Rupert's Land an.l the Red River SetUc.-nent. I have the honour to request that your Grace will lay this Address at the foot of the Throne. I have, etc., His Grace the Duke of Buckingham and Chandos, ' ^'^^^^' etc., etc., etc. ^^ Report of a Committee of the Pmvr Council (Canada), approved by the Governor-General ON THE 28TII Dkckmheu, 1807.* „. .'^''^^™'r^^,r''^y® ^""^ ""'^"' <=o"«''l'^'-ation the annexed Memorandum from the Honourable the Mnnster of 1 ubl.c Works, submitting, for the approval of Your Excellency in O ,cil, certain recom- mendations on the subject of the negotiation with the Imperial Government for tl. transfer of Rupert's Land and the North-West Territory to Canada, and they respectfully advise that a copy of the .same when approved by Your Exeelleney, be forwarded to his Grace the Secretary of State for the Colonies as embodying the views of the Canadian Government on that important question. Certified. W. H. Lee, Clerk, P. C. 20 Report of the Dominion Minister of Public Works, 28th December, 1807.* The undersigned has the honour to submit, for the consideration of Your Excellency in Council the following recommendations on the subject of the negotiation with the Imperial Government for the transfer of Ruperts Land and the North-West Territory to Canada. I. That in addition to the joint Address of both Houses on the subject. Your Excellency will be p lea.sed o transmit to the Secretary of State for the Colonies, the resolutions as they were finally tSn ''"''°^^''''''"°"'^"'^*''"^'''''*'' ^'^^' ^^'^ ^''*"' """^ proceedings of both Houses II That tb.^ attention of his Grace the Duke of Buckingham be specially called to the Eighth Resolution, whieh was not embodied in the Address, and was not intended by the Canadian Pariia- 30 ment to express a term or condition of the Order in Council, authorized by the HCtli Section of the British North America Act. III. -That Your Excellency will be pleased to express to his Grace, as the opinion of the Canadian Governnient, that it i.s highly expedient that the transfer, whieh the Imperial Parliament has authorized and the Canadian larhament appioved, should not be delayed by negotiations or correspondence with private or third parties, whose position, opinions and claims have heretofore embarras.sed both Gov- ernments in dealing with this question. IV That in the opinion of the Canadian Government, the terms of the Address cannot be matt-rially altered or extended without causing injurious delay, and greatly embarra.ssiiig the people and Government of Canada in their efforts to open communications with the Territory, to encourL 40 emigration and settlement, to establish law and order, and to provide for the speedy organization of Municipal and Local Governments therein. r j a _ V. That recent proposals of the Congress of the United States in reference to British America the rapid advance of mining and agricultural settlements westward, and the avowed policy of the Wash'ing- ton Government to acquire territory from other powers by purchase or otherwise, admonish us that not a day is to be lost in determining and publishing to the world our policy in regard to these Territories A.i ^^ J!'^*" ^""'' ^''^^"'''^^y ^^il^ be Ple^«e.l to request his Grace to inform Your Excellency by Atla ntic Cable (if th (MnfonnatioD^cari^^^ communicate d) , wheth er the Lnperial Cabinet will at once * Sess. Papers, Canada, 1867-8, Vol. 1, NoTloT ~~ .loiNT AlTKNDIX. Candilidii Jhiriiiiunts, and t.^trres* )i*tndnice hitivim the Colonial Sccrctarii and the flii'him'a JiHiiCimijuiny, prior to the tiirrendrr of theCom/iany'i eiriims, OnJcr-in- Cdunt'il, Caniula, 2Hth Decem- ber, 1S07. Rpport Dniiiiiiion Minister of I'liljlic Wrirks, 2.Sth Duoem- bcr, 1SC7. Joint Al'I'KNIlIX. Hl-o. III. Canadian Vneiimrnti and t'urrcs- ptmilence lict mrn the Colonial Seerctarii and the Hudmn's BaiiCiiii/ianii, prior tn the surrender nf theCoiiijHinii'a claims. HiuIhoii'k Tiny Cmnpuny, ti) Colonial Hecretiiry, 15th .Taim- ary, ISGH. 268 advise Her Majesty to approve of the transfer on the terms of the AtKlross, in order tliat the Canadian Oi)verniiiont may lie prepared to Hubmit appropriate measurehi on the subject on the re-assembling of Parliament in March next. Respectfully submitted, Wm. McDouqall. December, 28th, 1.S07. The Oovernok of the Hudson's Bat Companv to the Colonial Secbetary* Hudson's Bay FIouse, London, l')th January, 1868. My Lord Duke, — In addressing this letter to your Grace on behalf of the Committee of the Hudson's Bay ( Jomjiany, I think that some apology is necessary for anticipating the official communica- 10 from the Colonial Office, of the Resolutions passed in the Parliament of Canada, as well as the Address to be founded upon them; but as from the tone of the debate in the Canadian Parliament, and from the terms of the Re.solutions passed tliero, it is manifestly the object of that Parliament to have the power to establish in the Dominion of Canada, including the territory of Rupert's Land, Courts which shall have jurisdiction in all matters arising in any part of British North America, and thus to give power to the tribunals so constituted to determine upon the riglits claimed by this Company under their Charter a course of proceeding which this Committee consider to be so injurious to the interests of the Hudson's Bay Company, they are desirous to bring the matter before your Grace, and to submit tlieir views upon the subject to Her Majesty's Government, before any assent is given or determinati(jn come to in reference to Her Majesty's approval of the proposed admission of Rupert's Land into the Union 20 of British North America. I beg to remind yoi.r Grace that the rights of this Company, under their Charter, have at various times been brought under the consideration of the Government, and that the result of those discussions has been a clear and distinct recognition on the part of the Crown that the general validity of the Charter cannot now be called in question, and, in particular, that the territorial ownership of the lands granted by tlie Charter and the rights necessarily incidental thereto, must now be considered as valid. It is true that questions have from time to time been raised in Canada as to the extent of the territory claimed by this Company under their Charter, and in some respects as to other rights which the Cliarter confers ; but while Her Majesty's Government have at all times declined to be any party, to proceedings on the subject, the opjiortunity has always been afforded to the authorities of Canada to 30 bring any questions for adjudication before Her Majesty in Council — a course to which this Company have always been prepared to accede, and which appears to be the only legitimate mode of deciding their rights, if they are to be called in cjuestion. The Canadians have altogether abstained from availing themselves of the opportunity thus afforded them; but it is now obviously the object of the Canadian Legislature to secure to tribunals of their own nomination the decision of those rights. I may here state that, so far as tlie mere political powers granted by the Charter are concerned, such as the rights of government, taxation, and exclusive administration of justice, the Company have long since expressed their willingness that these powers should be vested in officers deriving their authority directly from the Canadian ijiubliiig of UOALL. N, , 1868. tec of the oinmunica- 10 .lie Address id from the I the power vvliich sliall •e power to iir Charter !st3 of the ibiiiit tlieir lation come the Union 20 1 at various discussions lity of the f the lands id as valid. ent of the jhts which any party, Canada to 30 1 Company af deciding Linity thus tribunals of concerned, ipany have iving their :rred to the 40 3uld either hts for the y Company 3 territorial )mmittee ol so loniT ago a Charter 4.04 c^£ t.he Report from the Select Committee on the Hudson's Bay Company, ordered by the House of Commons tobeprinted, the 31st July and nth August, 1857. I have, etc., His Grace the Duke of Buckingham and Chandos, etc., etc., etc. Edmund Heak, Governor. 10 The Governor of the Hudson's Bay Company to the Colonial Secretary.' Hudson's Bay House, London, 25th January, 18G8. _ My Lord Duke,-[ have the honour to acknowledge Mr. Elliot's letter, of the ISth instant, enclos- ing a copy of Ad.ln..s,s to the Queen, forwarded by the Uovcrnor-Cenci'al of Canada, and to thank your Orace tor connnunicating the.se papers to the Hudson's Bay Company. On this AiMrcsa I l„.g to r ..p.os'. your Grace's attention to the following observations on behalf of myselt as dovernor, and the Committee of the Company :— 1. It seems necessary in the first place to distinguish the two classes of rights conferred on the Con.pany by the Charter. Some of these are, no doubt, of a public or political character, such as belon.^ to a proprietary govemmont; but others are practically of a private nature, :mch as n.ight have been ^0 t-n 1 m-T ''"^T '"^'•^"''' "' ^"^ P"'^'*^ co,poration clothe.l with no public functions of any - kind. Ot those latter, it is only necessary at present to refer to the right of private property in the sou and in tlie mines and minerals. r i j Report of 1857, Appeu- ,,, "• ^^ '"''^ ^^ ^^'''^ ^^'^ P^^^'C «»• political rights of the Company, are in the dix, p. 404, para. 2. Cliarter ill-defined and of doubtful expediency at any time. It may be, too as _ _ tlie Law OfKcers in thuir letter of 1857 appear to hint, that for any dfectual fnsTnlment'^ ''''"""' " ''^' "^ "" "='^' "^" ^"'^"^'^ l>™l"^'-'>'' <"' ^'^'''^ "' ^'^ Company by the same 3. The Committee need scarcely remind your Grace that, so far from opposing a resumption by the Crown of the political powers of the Company, almost the first important step taken by them in 18G3 Sir E. Head to Sir F. ^^s the adoption of the following resolution :— " Resolved that the time has come 30 Rogers, 28th August, when, in the opinion of this Committee, it is expedient that the authority, execu- p .• T , X. ,,^''""'"''J""^'*''''^''^^'^'"*h«^ed River Settlement and the south-western portion of Ruperts Land, should be vested in officers deriving such authority directly from the Crown and exer- cising it in the name of Her Majesty. "That the Governor he empowered to communicate this resolution to his Grace the Duke of New- castle and to discuss the subject with him, or with the Under Secretary of State for the Colonies reporting from time to time to this Committee thereon." ^^t ^u^"l''f,'V"^r'" '^"" ^' ^" *^''° correspondence which ensued with the Colonial Offic , it appears to K Head, nth March, Le implie.l on the part of his Grace the Duke of Newcastle, that the fact of the .^ , ,, , . , , , "^'^'^ °^ P'"'"^^'' property in the soil being no longer possessed by the Crown, was 40 one of the chief obstacles to a compliance with the suggestion made in the above resolution. If this be so, the very fact of making this objection involves an admission in favour of the Company Most assuredly if the Crown had alienated its right of property in the soil and minerals of the Hudson's Bay rerritory, it had granted it to no other party than the Hudson's Bay Company, and by no instrument other than the Charter of Charles II. 5. On Mr. Fortescue's letter of March 11, 1864, an offer of a contingent money payment, as the See Post, para 9 '^on^'^^eration for the cession of the territorial rights of the Company, was dis- ,,,,,, .„ , , ^'"'^^'y "^^^« by ^^^ Secretary of State. The proviso inserted in the postcript to that lett er will be adverte d to afterwards, a nd had reference only to the supposed rights of Canada. ♦Journals, Coins., Canada, 1867-8, Vol. iTpTo/oT Joint Apm.yDu, Sec. m. Ctinwlian tiHil Ciirret- l«ini(nicc bt'tlCfi Ik the I'lilimial Stcnlari/ arui Vtt Huttmin^t liaiii'tniifinny, prmr In the mtrrni'tfr <>/ thei'oinitany't cluiint. HiulNdii's liivy ('"iiiliaiiy to Culnlliiil Scrri'tary, 2.') .lunuury, 1««8. t|l,il 'I m 370 6. It is unnecessary for tlio Committee to refer t" the undisputed enjoyment of these rights, at nny rate since tlio time of the Treaty of Utrecht. ^'I'n't'f .\yr M?rivat " '.'' "''^'''^'"" ^" ''" '''''■''• '^ remains, to quote the express words of the Law A|.pumiix ti. lii'iMirt', Olliccrs in tlu'ir letter of 1.S57, already referred to. They say, " In our opinion ilVrJTi^'' ^°'*' '"" '''" ^'■"^^'" •^""•'' "°'' "°^^'' with justice, raise the question of the tfeneral validity ot the Oliarter ; but that on every lej,'al princijile the Company's territorial own- Cdinpany to Ci>lolli;il Speri'tary, 25 .r^iiuiary, 18'J8. Joint Al'l'ICMilX. H.C. III. Vatidfintn a>.( I'lirrn- nelira.' the Ciilii,. 'Ill B'J'Zl'"n,l, ^'■'^'''P "^ ^^'" ''^"^'■'* granted, and the rights necessarily incidental tliereto, ought to" be deemed to be iinur In III,- ' ' valid." gurrttt'l, f ttf ot,w!"""'"' Moreover, in a passage alluded to above, the Law Officers imply indirectly their belief in the valid- ity of tins riglit of i>rivate property, when they .say that "rights of government, taxation, exclusive 10 administration of justice, or exclusive trade, otherwise than as a consequence of tlio right of ownership of the land, could not legally be insisted on by the Company." What other opinions of the Law Oflieera of the Crown may be found in the records of the Colonial OfRoe it is not for us to Answ^oM to questions 5, gay, but the evidence given by the Riglit Honourable Edward Ellice before the Coinudttee of 1857, as to the opiniona taken by him both for and against the Company, is well worth referring to. 8. One other point is a mere tcimicality no doubt, but it may be worth observing that the title of the Company to their lanil is an English title, since it is granted " to bo holden as of the Manor of East Greenwich, in our County of Kent, in free and common soccage." !). Tlie Committee do not intend to impute to the Parliament or the Ministry of Canada, any deli- 20 berate intention of violating such rights of the Hudson's Bay Company as they admit to exist, but it must be remumbered that a theory has been started, ami is referred to in the debate on this Address by Nvhieii tliH admissions of the English Government and the opinion of the English Law Officers as to the right uf ownership in the soil are directly negatived. It has been supposed, we believe, that France See postcript to l«t,orof ^^'"'^ '" po'^^cssion of these territories, or a large poition of them, when the Charter ■^^■''s yanted ; that they were therefore within the exception which tliat Charter contains with regard to other territories belonging to "any other Christian Prince ;" and that this French title remained good and was transferred to the Engli.sh Crown with Canada at the final cession of that Province by France. 10. Tliis is not the place for entering on a discussion of the facts and law involved in this argu- 30 ment,— an argument, as we have said, inconsistent with the continued recognition of the Company's rights in various wa\s by the English Government and their legal advisers for a long series of years • but if this objection to the Company's title shall be presented in a tangible form before a proper tribu- nal, the Hudson's Bay Company will be quite ready to meet it and demonstrate its futility. 11. The very existence, however, of such a theory in the minds of the Canadian Ministers or the Canadian people, is a sufficient reason why, in justice to the Company, it should be set aside, or its truth or falsehood should be conclusively tested before their rights of property under the Great Seal of Eng- land, and in fact their future existence, is placed under the legislation and the absolute control of Canada. Despatch of Mr. Card- ^^- '^^ Committee cannot but feel that the Company has already had great 40 well to Lord M.iiick, reason to complain of the course pursued during the last few years. In 1865 the June 17, 1865. nri-vii. ..i- Letter of Mr. Forstor '-anaUian Delegates sent to this country to promote the scheme of Confederation FeSn.wy,'i866'. ^°"' ^"'"^"'"^^ " "nJei'took," with Mr. Cardwell, to negotiate with the Hudson's Bay Minute, June 22, 1866. Company. The answer given by the Committee was that they would be ready to ^trrIo"si^E.^Head" ^o"^''^^'' *"y Proposal. The fact of this undertaking was recited again in a sub- sist July, 1866. ' sequent letter, as a reason why no other step should be taken. No negotiation, Head,'Apriri5, iW ^^^^''^^^r, was opened, and, in 1866, the Canadian Council resolved that such nego- tiation must devolve on the Government of the Confederation when constituted, rather than on the Government of Canada. This was confirmed by the resolutions of the Delegates in Englaud, of April 3rd, 1867. After all, when the Confederation is formed, and the Parliament has met, 59 JNIr. (". Fortesciio to Sir E. Ho k1, 11th of Maich, 1864, and let- ter April 5, 1864. i ri<{I>ts, at nny lis of the Law In uiir opiriiDU 'iicml valiility riitcrial own- (luemcd to be F in tlie valid- lion, i'xcliinive 10 , of ownership Law ( ) nice 18 t not for us to ice before the il against the at the title of \Ianor of East ada, any deli- 20 exist, but it is Address by cers as to the 3, that France n the Charter tliat Charter ler Christian sferred to the France. in this argu- 30 e Company's ries of years ■ proper tribu- r. nisters or the :e, or its truth Seal of Eng- ite control of dy had great 40 In 1865 the Confederation [udson's Bay 1 be ready to ain in a sub- • negotiation, it such nego- i constituted, Delegates in lent has met, 59 271 to Caruvda li.st. and that th tl ll L i "' " . ' N''^'^"^^"-^""'" '''"'■itory .nay be conveyed place afterwards. ^ ^"''^'""■^ ""' lu.g.tmt.ons as to the Co.npany's rights .hould t'ako Colonial ollice to L. We nmy have er 1 in H t P ' *""' ''^' ^'" '^"■•""""''•-tions fron. the tions which the delegates n Ts H, L . 'v'"" "' '" ^'"''""'^' "'' '•"""^'^■''"' "'=^^ ^'"^ "^^'"^1- forn. the prelindna.v te i f r t 1 r i M " ''" ""''■ '"''''"'''■''• ""'''"'^ ^''^' ''''' °'" ''^'^^ «ossi;,, to 10 fer with a! the di .ulvan a s tHl C ' ' "'."T ""'f '" '"""*'''' "'" ^" '^''"" ^^^^ -'''' — position of the part ^ ^: , utr^i 3 '' '""' """ "^'^"^ ''"'" ^'"^ ^•'>""«^' "<" ''- -''^"ve I in leT' I ' ^ ■ *" P''''"'^' '" '^ "P*^*^*-'^' "f t^'« Honourable Mr, Ilolton Extract No. lcnclo,od. » the anadian I'arluunent. a.s reported in the Canadian New. as ,,er extract tl'o intention of the Go^on:.'^' "'^ '""""'^^" ™ "^^^ ^"^ ""'^ ^^^'^ ^'"^ «-■'«-! ^'' ^ot ing tr:si:ir w- ;,;'u:;:::^.;:::s't;' t ti t ^?n '- ^"^'^''^^''°" -^ ^'-'^ °'-'^'-> -'-^^^• 2op.-:d::x::^^^^^^^^^^ Mr. Elliot to .Sir R *'''"^n ^^'^"'g ^^or the moment impossible, it is for the interest of b„tl, „.,..; ff ♦ 30 and 31 Vic, c. 3, sec. 146. /^^ J^"* Committee felt no anxiety respecting the wide powers of transfer that their rights of owner"" irurs!!r.uT"' '^ T ^t,1 '"^"'"""' '''''''''' ^''^'^^ ^''^^ ""^ ^^'^-- disadvantageous. No .spedr^u lanteo ' """' ' " ^^''^'"^ '' ''''^' '^"^ ^'-^'•'"^' ^'— >• 40 relative position of 1 tt pa t^^^^^^^^^ ^'' T ' ^^^^^'^ '" -^-l^ -'-- '^^ any rate, the +T>„ * <• r X, , "'.7" paities to any such suic. or dhscussion respect n^r these rifrlits would nfl^^ The Committee, moreover, venture to think that their apprehensions on this score are reasonably Extract from the Ca,uidian '"""eased, rather than diminished by all that is reported to have passed in the A^ews, inclosed 2. ^jbate.s, and especially by the extract of the accompanying report of the speech 50 from the Canadu^n ^v^ f;""^ J^^n A^ Macdonald. K.C.B., the CanadianiPremier. The Report is taken inaccurate '' ' ^''"^'^"•^'^^' '^■'^'- '^^ ^ ^^^^'^ ^f course, it may be more or less JofNT Aitknuix. Hvt: tir. f'lnitttiiiti ll'n'lllilrnln, tui'l i 'ttrriti- lii'ii'lint'r /'I hen II III! r„l,m>al SiiTiltirf/ inni lln lln.lf..,,; Htnil '"in/iitHt/f lirinr tn Ihi: ' riirriiiilir nf th t''HHfiniti/^t i'htiin^. Ilml.iHii'H Hay <-'i>iu|iaiiv t" <,'"lHriittl SciT'tiirv. -•"1 .lanuiiry, 1808. * 'il IJilJ An-'iNmi. *"■ '^'"' ^"^ "'" ''''''• *'*««'''"" provides thftt the incorporation of Hupcrfs Land and tho Nortli- S.T. fii. SOnndJl Vio.,o»p. 3,i.l46. W.-Htern Territory with Canada nmy bo nmdo by tin- QiKcn " <.n .sii.Ii terms Cii„n,i,„n . ""'' '"""'I'Hons in i-acli cnso a.H arn in tiu' Addressee uxpn>sHi-.i and a.s tliii (^ii.Tn «m7f"'rr'';. f'*'"'^'' '^^ ^" '^I'l"'"^'''. subjfct *.o tlic provisions of this Act ; nnd the provisions of any Order in C'oniicil I'filln'T '" '^'"''' '"'''"'^' "'"^'^ '"*^'" ''*'''*^^ "" '' ^'"^"y ''*"' ^*^<'" onacttxl iiy Parliament of tlie United Kin^'dom of ih"(','i,mi„i ^^'^Pat Hiitaiii find Inliiml." iiS"f',7Jl''ii' ^""'' l-'ukinj,' to tlio previous c. , respondence between tho Hudson's Rny Company and the Colonial 'IZrZ'Z"' ^*'''"'"' '^ '''•'"^ unroasormbh. to supp..«o, that so far as regards the Territo-y ..f the Co.nimny, the Ai,t .»rr,m/,r../ coiiteniphited tlio insertion of Certain f ims and conditions in any Address rolatinij to tho transfer of such chum,. ' loi-ntory. 10 But tho A(Mrc8s, a copy of which your Grace has had tho goodness to transmit to us, contains no (< subjpots on cstabliHhed my ono who kind which 20 3 themselves •al policy of litory t<' the I SI bmission 3 strengthen 1,700 share, ion of tlieir nt of one of 30 lade for the y, and ,some cndowinoiit leted before ferritory to ith Canada, I, should be ly Colonial 40 liout proper jemor. 18C8. 50 spatch, No Commons '•. li. ('(.., 15Hi Jail,, 1868. C. <>., IStli.lan,, 1868. (-'. <».. ISlh ./iiii,, 1868. H. I!. C,,., 25tli.(,in. 1868. t'. O., 23i(l .\].iil. 1868. itne between tho (\jmpany and 27.M of Cunp.da to ffnr Mainvtv ni-nii,. , .i tl-rA.ldrc..l„. ,..,.,„ ai,,,,,;;:;^:^';;;;;-;''-''- -..1 H „ ,.f c-o, mo., that Her Maje.sty'a Government will he wiM!„ , » A'1'l.vss so .soon H,. thcv .shall h J .„,■.? --'^eommond u -n.plianc with tho ,„,,vcr of the P-v.-'H uf Government and le^nslati . ' '\ ^'P "': '"'v'-'. '"-'-■.•.•. that tl,e r.,„i.ite ohtam ntisneees.ryt ."sider the ::;:;:;;:;;:^^^,;;L:;:t:T;im,!;::^ -" - ' "" 10 *'"' Company have held their Chart,,,. „.. I i ■ ," ' • i"Hudin. rights of government m ll ^Ti T"'''t T"'"'^"^ '"''''"■^'■' ''>' 't. for 200 years, nn.als; and variou,s',.„,inent Law . £. , "'^'' "" '"■"•""^^' '" "" ^''" '-'^aml precious '•- <''""t-.' cannot he Justly disput.n; rc!!;;;' . ^""^""'" •'"■" "' ''"'•'""■'' ^'"^^ ^''" -"•'■^>- -'^ -i,"i::;:;::;d'::;;;i::dt::^^^^^^^^^^ ^-.- -, te.. on n-rvation made to them of detiu,.d port ons i^ n '"' .''""' '" * "'""''" ''"•>' "''«''^ '"^^0 a lands and precious metals of the terrii. ":;rt:l t:;::;!.::, l^Zl "' '"" ^'"'^" '^'--'^ "^ ^"« I enelo.se copies of the letters which have passed up to tho present ti tlii,H l),.|,aitti„.|it ,ii„,„ t|it.s„l,j..t.t, I i;";i""» '" inlro,l,.c„ . Bill i„l„ „,„ l,,,^..,,;,,, |,„,|i,. „, „.„,„„, I.i-.)-cT ,.f U,„ A,I,L. ■ I "'■' "' ■''"""•>»"■"' »i"l l'.-"l»'H.v. in «cc..i-,l..„.... will, ,l„ native .subjects; but 1 aporeheml that whil,. W .'""""■ ami fo, the protection ,,f 11, r Maje.stv's Company's Territory st I u I he C " ^^'1"^'''^"'' f'""' « 'anada by the Hud.s.m' Day undertake the gov.^nm t t ,i n ^TZ: T'TV ^^'•" ""^ ''' ^"'"''■^''-f ^'--"^ ^" i-nediately a.ytcent to British C:; I ,rrV':Si tta^r^l "" "^""'""^^^^ '''-'-''"^ advantage to retain in the possession o ' thl V ' " ''" ""'''"'^'I'T f-- the public Columbia. ^ " °' ^^' ^'•'^^■"' ^^'^'' '^ ^''^^ ' > if« i'-'ori-ration with British I have the honour to be, My Lord, Your Lordship's most obedient, humble seivant, BUCKIXGHAM & ChANDOS. The UNDER-SKCRriAuv to t„k Dkputv-Govkunor ok the Hudson's IUv Company.. Downing Stuekt, «n,w'"'i:e::if ::*;: Ti^t t '"fJtT ""' "■"""°' •» "«"'»'"' >'»"""''■»'!• ,., 35 '•^°"">a^.Comi., Canada, 1867-8, Vol.1, p; 374. " itotNT Al'l'K.Milt, H.e. ill. ''iimi7,Vin /''■/•llllliht:!, '.. /;,■,,,! '(" Cnl.miill Srr^liini and l>ii Hu'h„n'i ll'iiii'nin/uinii, ;ir,.,r I" III, ' SKrrt nil' r »/ t>ii I'niniHiny'i t'yl.iniiil .Sirri'tiiry to • liivtriKir- lieiiiTal, aUrcl Afiril, 18ti8. 40 Tli« I'nder- .'^I'cri'tary to tilt! Duputy- liovi'iniir of tilt! Hudson's Hay Coni- pauy. 23rd April, 1868. Joint Appkndti. Sec. in. Canailian Documents, and Corres- pondence between thr Colonial Secretary and the Hudson's BaifCompany, prior to the surrender of the Company's claims. 274 wishfxT.rfsf 1 f \?"pT"' ?'"V'^^\'^ "•" ^'^ ^'^'^^ ^" comply, under proper conditions. wiU. the in tlJ rTrni^f "' ^'"rT;. n ^f^ •'^"' l'^"""'^ '° '^"^ '"'^'■"^'^ "f "'^'' '^■'J'^^^y'^ ""^^J^^t^ already concerned in he Terutory ; and with tha v;ew they will bo prepared to make provision foi any reasonable terms which may be agreed upon with the Hudson's Bay Company. I am directed to call your attention to the negotiation, which took ,>lace in 1864 between the Secretary of State and the Company, as recorded in the correspondence referred to m the margin, and I am to request that vou will state what are the terms which the Company woJd be prepared to accept, proceedin.' 10 on the principles then adopted-namely, that the compensation should be derived from the future proceeds of the lands, and of any gold which may be discovered m Rupert's Land, coupled with reservations of defined portiois of land to the Company. I am, etc., To Sir Curtis Lampson. C B. Adderlet. Colonial Office, 11th March, 1864. 5th April, 1864. 6tli June, 1864. Hudson's Bay Company, 13th April 1864., 7th December, 1864. The Colonial Secbetakt to the Governor-General.* Downing Street, 8th August, 1868. 20 ->w-T . ^J ^''^^-; l^""" ^^'^ '^°°o»'- to transmit to you, for your Lordship's inlormation the enclosed &Z'° -Py of -Act of Parliament,+ conferring powers for the surrender to Her Majesty b^t^e Hudson's feudist ^''y ^o™P*"y of ^'^•^i'' territories and privileges. « nuasons H„di"nTT' °^ *''' ^7!? '"''^'"''^ ^^ *'''' ^'=^' ^ P'-^P"'^^ ^'^ ^"^^^ ''^to negotiations with the Hudson s Bay Company as to the tern.s on which they will surrender their rights, and I shall not fail to keep your Lordship informed of the course of such negotiations. I have, &c., Governor the Right Honourable Vi,scount Monck. Buckingham & Chandos. Colonial Governor- General to Colonial Com[)any. Secretary Telegram— The Governor-General to the Coi.oniai Secretart.» Quehec, 9th September, 1868. Privy Council wish to send a delegation to London to take part in treaty with Hudson's Ba- 30 blr.'ffl'"" .^ J^Zi^"" ^"^'°"' *^*^ negotiations with the Company should be postponed till arrival of delegates Order-in- Oouncil (Canada), iHt October, 1868, Please inform me by Cable how soon you will be able to receive them. They are prepared to go immediately. Monck. Report of a Committed of the Privv Council (Canada), approved by the Governor-General on the 1st October, 18(j8.* ^n In view of the great importance of the immediate settlement of the Hudson's Bay .mestion and in consequence of the passage by the L.perial Parliament of the Act 'M and 32 Vic L 105 a";d n .u.c..Hlance^v.th_the despatch of his Grace the Secretary of State. Na_173.j.n,ldated8th Au^u'st 1868 • Seas. Papers, Canada, 1869, No. 25. f The Rupert'sTand'ActTlsiaT'""' ' ions, with the puipoae into ady concerned sonable terms I between the jrrespondence II state what 3t, proceeding 10 on should be d which may 13 of defined >DERLET. 3t, 1868. 20 the enclosed he Hudson'a ns with the hall not fail lANDOS. 30 r, 1868. idson's Bay of delegates iIONCK. ii-General ration, and 05, and in iffiist, 1868, 4U the Committee of C Cart of R oiincil advise thiit a del lei' an.l the Hon. W. MoDou-rall f, or tl •'^'ation proceed to England le purpii.se of arran-jin" to composiid of tlie Hon. Sir G. E. Joint Wai. H. Lee, Clerk, P. C. Memorandum ok Sir r.^nnn- v <-.. blR GEORGE h. (AUTIKK AM. THK HoN. WlLLIAM McDoUGALL CANADIAN Delegates to England.* ....r ,:™;':: t\r:^ :rr x.«:w ::"a t, "t 7 »'■ "^ ^'^-^ -'-'■ --' ": i«lo Iho Union. "'""" ''""'' "'' "■• North- We.,t Territory, or either „t them, 20 U„,l a. ,„ay he fo„„d pr.etiosbl. J,d expedient " ^"'"''' ''"■" '""' " -"'"""" "'■P'"'. Geo. Et. Cartier. October 1st, 1868, W, McDougall. AlM-KNm.\. Sec. III. Canatli an Vocumcnta, and Vorres- pitndence between the Colonial Seerctary and the Huiiaon'i /lay Company, jirior tu the nurremlcr of theCovipany^t elaimn. Memorandum of the Can- adian Dele- gatcB, Ist October, 18U8. Iflt CJotober, 1868. Report of a Committee of the Privy Couniii {OAK,'n.\ .„ oouNLiL (Canada), approved by the Governor-Gknkrat n^ ■ ON THE 1st OCTORER, 1868.* '^'''''"^'' "ctncrf, ilie Committee have had under consideration » me.n, ,.n,. i , . i ,, . Canada George E. Cartier, Hart,, and the Hon W 7110131!^^ m'' "'^ *'"■" ^'"^ ^'■°'" ^^"^ T^°"- Sir of tl>e Minute in Conncil appointin'tll a f 11 ^r^V f ''^"^ "^^^^"' conununication ernment the tenns upon wiLh Canld a^ ^ Ku e.^r^n , T'^ "''' ''^ '"^"^""'^ ^«^- 30 accept that mission. ^ ^ Kuj.tits Land, and exj.ressing their readiness to v^^^^^^::::Zu:z;:;fs:^^^ ^^^ -nt Act of t,. im. and rights" of the Hudson. Bay C^ny Xl ,eehr tl "'r^^^ which^j;v:i::^^.^:LS::;::?£;:^:t;;::;\;-r :f.:;"^^'"^^ ^-^^^ ^■"-^---. into the Union, and they recomn.end 1 1 hov bTi.th , f "''^''-W'^'^^ ^^^-^^^ry, or either of them, for the a,lmi,s.sion of the North- VVest Terr tc^^^^^ T"^" "'''' ^''^" ^'''P-'i-l Governmen 40 Land as n.ay be found practieaWe ^L t^.e^nt ° ""'" "'' ^"^'''' ^'^'^''"^^'^ or without Rupert's The Committee advise that the authority requested bv fh„ -1 .1 * . of this Minute, if approved by Your Exceileifcrrtln ^h w 1^^^ ? '" ^™ted, and that a copy the Colonies. ^ l^xcelkncy, be t.ansm.ttcd to his Grace the Secretary of State for Wm. H. Lm. Clerk, P. C. Seas. Papers, Canada, 1869, No 25. i4. 276 The CJovinxoR of the Hudson's Bay Company to the rNDEii-SECRETARY.* Hudson Bay House, London, October, 27th, 18«8. Sir,— The Committee of the Hudson's Bay Company have received from Sir C. Lampson and myself reports of the inUiviews wlii,h we have iiad the honour to have with his Grace tlie DuUe of Buukinsr- ImiM mill Pli.n..l,>L. r,., (1.,. . ..l.:.,„t ,.r 4.1, -1 • , r^ , „., „ . ° .TorNT Appendix. See. in. Canadian Dncunifnttt^ and I 'iirre.9- pondincv th,"('lmial , " , ,„ , , , ' "■■" '•" "" """^ "'""' "" "lo-cu uio x^UKO Ot riUUKHlg- u,7i{ul' "'•' liaM(h.s, on Ihesuhject of the proposed cession to Canada of tlie Company's territorial rights, HayVumiZl, '""' ^''^'>' '"'^•^' anxiously considiTcd liow far they would be justified in altering the terms proposed in L^nrw/r':,/ '"^ ^"""' "'' ^^'''^' ^'^'^'' '''^'' ''' ''''^^^ ^° "'•^'^* ^^'"^ objections which have been raised to them. et/»r^""^' '^'''t'y understand his Grace to suggest that instead of the Comi)any being entitled to a free Hu cted by tliem for every ,50,000 acres which .shall he alienated by IQ STS thetJovernn.ent, the whole territory should be at once divided into sections on the map. and that a certain portion of eacli section sliould be allotted to the Company by fi.xed geographical rules, the Com- fftToetoI.er * i • i . '" "," '" " "' """ ^""'l""'J' "J' "■^«>' guugrii])Mlcai ruics, tne uom- 18«8. ' 1"'".^' f'^'^i";^ "'^' cl'^nce as to tlie value of the land which might fall to its share ; and fuither, that in Older to meet tliu evils which might ari.se from the existence of so many blocks of wild' land free from taxation, the'exemption of the Company's wild land from taxes should continue only for a limited period, .say for example, twenty years. The Committee regret that they are unable to agree to this mode of allotment. One of the chief inducements to their shareholders to accept the proposed arrangements would be that, accordin-r to the plan of the Committee, if, as it is hoped, the colonization of the country proceeded rapidly under "the new government, the Company would receive blocks of land of moderate size in the vicinity of the new 20 settlements, which would possess an actual value in the market. But if the plan suggested by the Duke of Buckingham were adopted, instead of the grants to the Comjiany proceeding equally with the progress of colonization, the whole country would be dotted over witli isolated tracts of wild land belonging to the Company, many of which, even if ultimately available for settlement, must neces- sarily remain entirely valueless until long after the expiration of the twenty years, and if taxed would be a heavy burden instead of a source of profit to the Company. The Committee are willing, however, to agree that the exemption from taxes on the Company's wild land should only apply to each block of 5,000 acres ; which they may be entitled from time to time to select, for a perio.i of twenty years from the date of selection. This would give the Company a reasonable time within which to turn each block to profitable account, and at the same time the ultimate on liability to taxation would prevent these lands from becoming an obstruction to the free pro<.ress of settlement. ^ * The Committee think it right to add that they do not propose that land purchased by the Com- pany should be reckonod in the 50,000 acres; and that the selection of the land by the Company r.aturally implies that the Company shall bear the cost of such a survey as may be nece.s.sary to define the land selected, it being understood that the Company shall have the option of making the survey by means of their own officers, -^ j j The Comniittee are quite willing that land granted for such purposes as roads, churches or schools shall not be liable to the payment of one shilling per acre to the Company, provided that the exemption is restricted to the land actually use J in the construction of the work, and that the .. exceptions are specified in the agreement with the Government for the cession of the Company's rights Ihey also aomit that it is proper that a similar exemption should apply to land set apart as Indian Reserves, on the understanding that these reserves will be made by Her Majesty's Government, as thev are intormed it is his Grace's intention they shall be. before the Company's territory is transferred to Canada, and that, if at any time before the million sterling is paid to the Company, such land shall be used or granted for other purposes, it shall become liable to the payment of a shilling an acre in common with other hind. _ With respect to the laud which the Committee have asked that the Company may retain as private prope.ty round their posts and s ta tions, if 6,000 acres a re though t to be too much in that part *SeB8. Papers, Caniicia, 1869, No. 26. Y* 27th, ]8()8. on and myself of Buuking- "itorial rights, 3 proposed in 1. ^fl to a free alienated by 10 ), and that a lies, the Corn- further, that of wild land le only for a ' of the chief )rding to the nder the new y of the new 20 ested by the xlly with the )f wild land must neces- uid if taxed ! Company's time to time ! Company a the ultimate gQ progress of y the Corn- he Company y to define le survey by s or schools d that the d that the 40 iny's rights. t as Indian ent, as they msferred to md shall be : in common 1^ retain as n that part 277 13th, as laid down in Sir E Head ri tr„f ^^ - u "''''""■ '"'''''•' '"' '" '"^ ^'^''' "^ ^^^y extent of land to he retained;oun T a^h"! 7 ^ ''"'' "'' '''''' "'^'"■" ^'""^ '"^^^ ^^e free fron. taxation, except wi.::;i W,r;n.:!':'l "I'd ^ ''"'' "''"■ '^" '" '''''' ^^^^'"^' '^ '^ ..Hn^S;';:^;;:;:;::^:^,::::;^^ /.;^:\}^^ f f ■i'^^°— ^^^« comndtt. ..an havep„werto objection that the Privy Council ac- ,1 T^ ' ^'"'^ ^'""""•' '"'^""''^ '"' '^'^P"^*''' '« °l"^" t" the would he entitled to a,,|,eal from the hJ r "^ l^T'\ "*„'^.l'i'^''''-'^"'' ^' ^''^T P''esu.ue that the Gou.pany 10 to in>ist on this den.ani ^'^"'''^ '" ''''^ P'''^^' ^^^""^^i'' -^'^^T "lo not think it indispensable but they are eouscious that th y wotl ,e ,■ i^. inT/ "'T'"""v T'"' ''"' '^'^J"'^'^''^ Government; >x>arly meeting of slK,roholdersiTrsie.Aw"V/j'' '^"'^ i' they did not add f,at at the half- strongly adve.^e to any a ra I ei 1 1 th V ° '^'^^^^'^ ^^ -"t^-- opimou. were expressed -cure the payment asUpentZorafu;:?^'::!^'^^^^ ^^''^' ''' ""'' ^^^"^^^'i^::^::'::::::::^^^^^ -^^- --■ ^^ ^hich t.rms Con.panys Territory, avowed to tie Dak 'f V ' ', '".' ° '^' '''''°" °^ ^ P*^''^ ^''^^ "^ ^he 20itmight be difficult (;convi:!etlL.nhd:lH:aU^^^ "' ''"" ^'°"'™'"^^ ^'"^^ although the Comndttee have felt bound tt tTr T '"'^' """ *° ''^'^'^ "'^^"*^''S« = '-^ 13th, which were based on theirf^ , . ff u " *''" '"""'' ^""tained in my letter of May anticipate a very serppoLt;^ '^'"^'^^^ '^'^'^ "^'^ «-- *^'»t they that which they have put fonvard ^' "'' ^'^^'-''"''^-^ 'o any such arrangement L would agree to pay to the Conpa "y o^e m h^^^^^ " ?'""!' '"' ''"' "^ "'="'"^-^*^"' ^'^^ '^ ^-^^a to our proprietors ^ ^ "^''"'^ ''"'''"^ '"^ ^"»'^^' ^"'^l* "^ settlement might be acceptable 30menJt;Sr;;:::t:rst^:;r:ti:i::t f'rr '"-' '''-''- *^^ ^^^^ --^^^-^^^ ™^« they are convinced that U m' , t inTeresI '7^"',°' ^ 7" "' "°"^->' ^* ""^•^' *'- "'- of the Company should be provid d fm" L a din "* ^"Z" "^ °^ *^" ^""'P^"^' ^hat the claims extendmg over a long series o 1 T and bv " nT'Tr T' T' ""' '^' '=""*'"=^"* P^^^--^^ indispensable to protect the Company from snol.al , ":. "'^" ^^^P'-''^^'--' -'-•'. although ■settlers and embarrassing to thrSoTial^G^^^^^^^ '^ "^"^°"^ "' ^^^ ^^^ °^- '^^ f^^ure proprietors to confirm them ''°"'"""^"*' ^^« Comnuttee wdl use all their influence to induce the Joint Appkndix. Sec. III. Cnnadian documents, and i*orres- piimlence ht'tirten thi' (iiliinial Si'frriitrt/ and tht' ffutlnon'/i Jiai/Cum/mn!/, prior tn the ' aurrendir iif thrCimipany'i clauns. Hiidsdii'a Bay Company to Uiider- .Secn.'tary, 27tli October, 18(i8. 40 I have the honour to be, Sir, Your most obedient servant, The Right Honourable C. B. Adderley, M.P. Kimberley. Colonial Office. The Under-Skcretaby to the Governor op the Hudson's Bay Company.' My Loud,—! am dirertpd hv tJi„ r>„i, <• u 1 • , ^^^ December, 1808. ^ Lordships letter Jtt^ ^jj^:: l^t^Sn- IS:"!^.^;!^---- ^^ ^^P^ ^ fe your Lordship's letter of the 27th Octob r and to /xnre'T r "^ '' ^^knowledge the receipt of u„de. Mr. McDou.ral! one of the tw-> 1 1 ^ ^ "' ^'''"''''' '"•'"'•^^ *'^''^ t'^^ ^^rions ilhies- of ^-^'^'Tto .-..•„ ... - ' ^[ *^® ^"^^ delegates seuL Irom Canada, which n,-f.v..nfo.i ..:„ >-^ f?*"*!?" Mr. McDou.ral! one of the fw-> ^-i '"""'"■' """^ "' ^'"1"«»» "'^ uraces regret that the serious ilhies- of s«"«""7t'' aused so long a delay in the answer P^''^- 1^' l^e- T—— ~ L cember, 1868. eating with h im, should have caused m * Sess. Paper*, Canada, 1869, No. 26. Joint Appendix. Sec. III. Canadian Documents^ ami Cnrns- P'imlcncc htticicn the Coltinial Secretary and the Hndmn\t BaiiCompanii, priiir to till- ' surrender of theCtymjwnji'i clainu. 278 His Grace regrets t, perceive tlmfc the letter un.ler rejily doe.s not afford much prospect of an arrangement being come to. Her Majesty '.s Government, in the letter of Mr. A.lderley of 23r.l April to Sir Otirtis Lampson referring to the negotiations which took place in 18G4, requested to be informed " what terms the Company would be prepared to accept, proceeding on the principles then adopted, namely, that the compensation .should be derived from the future proceeds of the land.s, and „f any gold which may be discovered in Rupert's Land, coupled v,ith resitivatioiis of defined portions of land to the Company." To this your Lordship replied that the Committee were prepared to recommend— 1. That the Company shall surrender all the territory which they hold under their charter with the reservation of all their posts and stations, with an area of 0,000 acres round each such post or station • 10 this reservation of G,000 acres, however, not to apply to the Ked River Settlement. ' J' ^''f *]'*' ^°'"P^">' ^^''^^ ^"^ '^"t'tl'^'l to receive Is. for every acre of the land surrender^,] which .shall ue disi.osed of by the Government whether by .sale, lease, or free grant, or parted with in any other manner. or j 3 That one quarter of the sum received by the Government as an export duty for .^old and silver or on leases of gold and silver mines, or for licenses for gold and silver mining, shalfbe paid to the Company, the amount to be received under this and the preceding article being limited to a total sum conjointly of £1,000,000 sterling. 4. That the Canadian Government shall c ifirm all titles to land that has been alienated by the Company at Red River, or elsewhere. 20 5. That whenever the Government shall have sold, leased, granted, or otherwise parted with 50,000 Uuder- Secretary to Hudson'BBay i-u n > ''-""^". B'"'"''>i>Ji wi ui-iici wise parueu WIWI OU.UUU ut'iC^. f''"?' , ^"'"P^'iy shall be entitled lor every such 50,000 acres to a free g-ant of 6,000 acres of wild W, ises"' land to be selected by them. 6 That no tax be imposed upon any land belonging to the Company not under cultivation, and no exceptional tax shall be imposed upon the Company's other lands or property, or upon the Company's 7. That the disputed matter of the Company's lands in Cnnapect of which they may consider themselves aggrieved. His Grace intimated in reply, that the e were "certain points in the terms set forth to which he would not feci at liberty to agivc in Li,eir present shape," and at tlie meetings which . , -lued his Grace rospect of art •tis Lampson, lat terms tlie lely, that the vhicli may be 'ouipiiny." charter, with St or station ; 10 1, which shall in any other d and silver, 3 paid to the a total sum, 20 lated by the with 50,000 cres of wild ition, and no Company's ants on the ials for the nent of the 30 any special ompi.ny, no port duties id into that r E. Head's Olid free of le aforesaid 40 ! provisions 10 -Tudioial Tying into ;> which he his Grace 20 279 « Vnauvtcnta, catio^'htgSt^zt::;::: ^s:tr ''- "^'-^^-^ -- --^^'^ *« ^^- *« -^^^^ -^^«- S£^^^" by his Grace, and Voceedr I t^:S^:^:Z'Zr '' '^''''7 ''^ ''^'^'^*'°"^ "^"^-^^-^^ ---- his Grace understands to be as follows "^ '^' ^""^P^"'' ^'"'^ "^^^'"« *° "^g-^ *«• -'^d which j,';;^,^;;^'.^. 1 f TU L prior til the Srdly. That the Company shall bear th. expend of .u.veying their bloek. of 5,000 .ere, nUy. That the proposed reeourae to the Privy Council „ a Court of a„t i„,,t.„e.. shall b. abandoned th..*L";ro^retri:o -nsi^fiir'S:; i''; «z»r^i "r-"-- »' -o- ter., for„.„. territory, whether by the Hudsot' B.^Con?; fo^V Oa X o^ "° '»'"- t'over„„,e„t of ,he SXS£, consi erabl. annual outlay will have, ,„ i'„ „1, oS.^/; et^ed „ i-ie, t Vi.'lntd'iri °"''' T -='■ maintenance and opening of navigation, etc, and surveying. "'■ '" '^ ""-'""'' '" '''""•'S '-oad,, b,r, ,«», For thea. charges, tho produce of the early sales of land is the natural resource long fi:?r.eLt :;rei::4T;ti'::i "°'"'' "°''™ "■- '-'"- °— <" -^- p-p- '-r . Ist. They first stipulate, not fo'r a share of the receints from Kn.l bnf f«. » ^ « •. 30 a sum in all probability far in excess of what is likely'n p acZ o t ob •, ne^ i "T ^'' """ 2ndly. They stipulate that they shall retain certL re erv s around tlrnT ' 'T '"f'""- for, according to the lists of posts handed in bv «:,. p i T posts, amounting, there- land most likely to be made avSbl f set len^nt In ^' T^T' TT''^' '^ ''''•''' ^^''^^ '' ^^e Hsiied posts o/the Company, t^:;:^::^;:;::;::^^! ;d '-^\^-rf^f^^^^^^^- positions for trade and occupation, and of which nearlv 00 00(.J. . advantag-ous called the fertile belt of the territory. ^ ' "''"' '"'■™""^ *'^° P«'^^^ ^" ^^^^ is 3rdly. And that they shall also receive a share of mineral rights, and confirmation of all titles. 4thly. They proceed to stipulate for a fui'ther resprvo of nn^ fomtl, ,.t ^^ i. i . • the Company shall have this te'nth in blocks of ^:2:l:::^^:'J^:^^:^^:^ '''' 40 .« alienated, and not merely to select in the same locality, but anywhere- soXt f .r hL ? T" alienated on the higher parts of the Rocky Mountains, a Ja.sperCuse foTexamp le T onT' ' ': the mming operations in that district, or for fishin. stations or for nl^in?'? ^""'^^^^^^'^'^e of Hudson's Bay or Labrador, the Company shoul-l be entitled to sLTl ° ^ ^°''' "" ^^' "°'^'* "^ part of the most fertile region as thej mlvc^lide: ^^:S:X:^Ztrt """^ T ^"^' its cultivation or development, or by its power of obstruction to othe^ ' ' °"' ""'^^'^^ '"' i Joint ApPBNnix. Swj. HI. Canadian and rris- pondencc bttu'icn thf i-itlonial Sccrctarif and th( Hudxon'n Ba!i(.om})antiy prior to the surri'ndrr of the Company 8 claims. 280 Tiiese lands moreover are to be exempt from taxation for a period of 20 years from selection, and the lands retained round the posts to be entirely free from taxation unless reclaimed. These conditions his Grace canndt accede to. His (Irace would, however, recommend Her Majesty's Government to agree to a surrender on the following conditions: 1st. That the land to be retained by the Company in the neighbourhood of their posts shall vary according to the importance of the post: in no case whatever exceeding 6,000 acres in all for any one l)Ost, including the cultivated or reclaimed land now occupied, and in no case exceeding 3,000 acres within the fertile belt for principal posts, and 500 acres for minor posts; the additional land to be set out so as not to include frontage to rivers or tracks, roads, or portages. 2nd. The company to receive one fourth share of all receipts from land. If any free-grants of land jq be made for other than public purposes, such lands shall be deemed to have been sold at one shilling per acre. Srd. That one quarter of the sum received by the Government as an export duty for gold and silver mines, or for licenses for gold and silver mining, shall be paid to the Company, the amount to be received under this and the preceding article being limited to a total sum co-jointly of £1,000,000 sterling. 4th. Tliat the Imperial Government shall confirm all titles to land that has been alienated by the Company at Red River or elsewhere. TTnder-Seorc- son\ B:iy" 5th. That tlic Company sliall have the option of selecting five lots of not less than 200 acres each Soeceiiiber ^" '^^'^^' towiiship, whenever it is set out, on payment of rateable cost of survey. 186«. 20 6th. That no exceptional tax shall be impo-ed on the Company's lands, trade, or servants. 7th. That full liberty to carry on their trade shall be secured by tlie Company. 8th. Tiie Company to have similar reserves granted them in connection with their posts in the North- West Territory. 9th. The boundary lines between Hudson's Bay and Canada to be defined, and between Hudson's Bay and North- West Territory to be defined by a natural or geographical boundary a 'reed on. 10th. No wild lands to be taxable until surveyed and marked. 11th. That whenever the payment of £1,000,000 sterling under Article 3 shall have been made as therein provided in cash, or otb -'se extinguished by any payment or commutation by Canada to the satisfaction of the Company, thj its of the Company to further selecti(jns of lots, to royalties, and share of land receipts shall cease. 12th. Such lands as Her Majesty's Government shall deem netcssary to be .set aside for the use of the native Indian population .shall be reserved altogether from this arrangement, and the Company shall not be entitled to the payment of any share of receipts or any royalty therefrom, or right of selection in respect thereof under previous articles, unless for such part, if any, of these lands as may be appropri- ated with the consent of the Crown to any other purpose than that of the benefit of the Indian natives. If these terms are approved. Her Majesty's Government will be prepared to conclude an arrange- ment, and to submit it to the Canadian Government for their favourable consideration; but if the Com- pany shall not assent to these conditions. Her Majesty's Government will consider themselves unpledged by any of the ofiers that have been made. I am, etc., 40 C. B. Addeplet. The Earl of Kimberley. 80 lelecfcion, and ler Majesty's a shall vary I for any one g 3,000 acres Qil to be set rants of land jq a shilling jjer lid and silver (I be received berling. lated by the )0 acres each nts. 20 posts in the en Hudson's on. sen made as anada to the oyalties, and 30 or the use of )nipany shall of selection be appropri- dian natives. an arrange- . if the Com- 38 unpledged 40 DEPLEY. 281 THE Dkputt-Governob or the Hudson's Bat Companv to the UNDER-SKCRETAuy.* Hudson's Bay House, <3rn TV lu ,. London, 22nd December 18G8 State? rtleCoTnL; LTr:cL':fTetlT '"' '';, "'^^'^^r ""' '''' ^'°^^^ ^^^ ^'^^ ^^« Secretary of Red River SettW; Octb tn Z^elTluh f ^^™ l^'TT 'iT""''''' ''''' ^^^ «^'^^- Government have intimated through an atn In trRe^'Ril"! .7 , "'" '':' ^'" ^'^"'^'^'^" Commissioner for Public Works thoir wYf . . ^^ *''° direction of the Canadian the Woods, throurtheterrt;vo^t^h^^^^^^^^ ^'""^ ^''' «*">^ *° ^^e Lake of 10 Company must be^lliSrorttca^rorthislr^^^^^^^^^^ '^^^ ''' '-'''' ^^^^^^ "^ ^^« Canada. This trespass will be an act^ I'eneS^^^ °^ ''] ^°-W to a^Gove.ment which has constantly up to this time anV.^i^f di^:! Itl ^^7:^1-^.:::^:^ tin^elhri^^tlve^ltrhlt^^^^^^^^^^ Government, but at the same ...t .or permission to mL this i:r::niTf^JofX^^^^^^ '' ''' '^'"''''^ ^°^^™- 20 Ibave, &c., C. M. Lampson, Sir Frederic Rogers, Bart., etc., etc., etc., -Deputy-Govemor. Colonial Office. .TOINT Appendix, Sac. irr. Canoflian Diiriimi nln, anil ('nrrcs- p'tndence lift ween the Colnnial Srcretari/ and the Hudson't liciiCiynifiiinii, prior til the turreniler of the Companifi clahna. Hudson's Bay Company to Under- Secretary, 22nU Decem- ber, 1808. The Under-Secketart to Sir Georoe E. Cartieb, one ok the Canadian Delegates.* Downing Street, 30th December, 1868. Sir -I am directed by Earl Granville to transmit to you a copy of a letter whinb hi. r a v,- has received from the Deputy Chairman of the HnH««n'= p n , "'^ Lordship I am, Sir, Your obedient_ Servant, Sir G. E. Cartier, Bart. Frederic Rogers. Sir Frederic Kogcr.s to Sir (reorga Cartier, 30th Decem- ber, 1868. The Canadian Delegates to the Under-Secretary.* Westminstfp Palace Hotel, London, a,« Tir I. x,_ ,^ January loth, 1869. 4Q ^^^ ~"^®'ia^e the honour to acknowledge receipt of vour letter of fliA-^nf J, „u / -.1, -x stating that you were directed bv Earl Omnviiu TV ^""V^"^^^^ **^^ ^Oth ult. (with its enclosures), Canadian hadretivedLmtheDe^lTvcLtn^^^^^^^^^^^ ~d-d"': -'--^^;r'''' 0^ the catdi:tCn:s:?s irthX^^^::^ b^' apprehended hviug invasion of their territorial rights. ^^om^.^nj -^, ista. 36 * Sesa. Papers, Canada, 1869, No. 25. Joint Al'l'KNDIX. Sec. III. Canadian Vocumenti, and t'orna- )K>ndt'nce between the Colonial Seeretari/ ami the Hudson*s Jiai/1 'omfxtni/, prior to the turrentlrr of tktl^vvipany's claimt. Canadian Di'li'gatPS to SirJ. HoKiTs, IB January, 1869, li. 282 You inform us that his Lordship will be glad to receive from us an)' explanation which we may be able to furnish him of the steps taken by the Canadian Government. \Vu have read the letter of the Deputy Chairman, and extracts from the letters of Governor Mac- tavish, and have much j)leasure in being able to furnish his Lordship with what we hope will prove satisfactory information on the subject of the Hudson's Bay Company's complaint. 1. In the month of September last, very precise information reached the Canadian Government that, in consequence of the complete destruction of their crops by locusts, the people of the lied River Settlement, numbering probably from 12,000 to 15,000 souls, were in imminent danger of starvation during the winter about to set in. 2. Numerous and earnest appeals for aid had already been made to the Canadian public by writers 10 in the newspapers, and by clergymen and others acquainted with the country. The Right Reverend Robert Machray, Lord Bishop of Rupert's Land, a member of the Council of Assiniboia, and so far a representative of the Company, visited Ottawa, and urged upon members of the Canadian Government the duty of prompt assistance to avert the threatened calamity. 3. No steps had been taken (so far as the Government could learn) by the Hudson's Bay Company to provide supplies, and aware that a few days' delay at that season might render it impossible to get provisions to Red River in time to afford relief, the Canadian Government appropriated the sum of twenty thousand dollars ($20,000) towards the construction of a road from Lake of the Woods to Fort Garry. The Minister of Public Works (one of the undersigned) was directed to expend the principal part of this sum in the purchase of provisions, which were to be forwarded with all [wssible despatch 20 to the Red River settlement, and offered to the settlers, not as alms, but in exchange for their labour on a public work in their own vicinity, and of the highest utility to their settlement. 4. A confidential and experienced agent proceeded at once to St. Paul's, Minnesota, and succeeded in forwarding a considerable supply of provisions before the close of navigation. A further quantity has reached Fort Abercrombie, an American post in Dakota Territory, from which point it can be sent to the settlement in the spring, 5. Information has reached the undersigned since their arrival in England, that the Government A»i"y ^^^^ expression of Mr. Snow's operations, but would leave the matter enSTi'; tfe" ," T:'\''''' ""^ °PI^->«- *« Governor McTavish, upon this, very properly allowed S^l/ '"^' "^ '^' ^"^''^^'^' Government." a^^this Company is concerned. ^'4^^L^lt::Z ^^^^X^ T:;;^;:^^^ thec!Lt:::r:^r:::;;:;t:r::s:^t^ ^^^^h refers to to show that the Company had in no w^fai" i heirTut: r V ^e abl prompt,, taken measures for the relief of its'inhal^^^^^^^ colony; but that they had N I*; fe, Joint Ai'I-KNKIX. 8'c III. Carnilian and Corrri- wiuttf'ncf hrtlirrn thr I'.iluiiial St'criUtrti niiii thr Hwimiii'ii BniK'nmiiiiiiii prior III the nurrtnilir nf thi I'imiitnnii't claim », Hudson "h Bay Cdinpfttiy to Sir F. RopiTH, 2 hi'bruiiry, 2fl4 appropriation of the Canadian roail j^rant. Tlioy would aUo bo able to point out how the delay which has ocourrcd in opening up communication and otherwise developinfj the rosourccs (jf the Red River Suttltnient is duo to the restraint wliicii lias been imposed upon them by Her Majesty's Oovornment at the reijut'st of Canada, and not to any negligence or indifference of their own. Hut the Committoo desire to avoid the raising of a false issue, and they accordingly instruct roe to re-state to Eatl Granville the precise complaint which they have to make. It is this : — that while ne- gotiations are going on for the acquisition of their territory by Canada, the Canadian Government are endeavouring to exercise rights of ownership over a portion of that territory, to the exclusion of the Company, and to the prejudice of their title. This they are doing by virtue of an old claim which they have rejieatedly advanced, which the Company have invariably tlisputed, and have declared themselves 10 ready to contest before a court of law, and which Her Majesty's Govemm'jnt, acting under the advice of various law officers of the Crown, have declined to endorse. The Canadian Government have hitherto shown no inclination to bring their claim to the test of a judicial decision, and in the absence of any snch decision, th' Committee consider it not unreasonable to oiik that due respect should be paid to the Company's uninterrupted possession of the territory for two centuries, and to the numerous and weighty legal opinions which have from time to time been given in their favour. In appealing to Earl Granville for support in th is matter, instead of entering into a controversy with Canada, or taking legal steps to enforce the Company's rights, the committee have been actuated by a desire to proceed a.s far as possible in accordance with the views and wishes of Her Majesty's 20 Government, as they have endeavoured to do throughout the pending negotiations for the establishment of a settled form of Government at the Red River. They desire now respectfully, but confidently, to claim the support and protection of the Colonial Minister against any invasion of the Company's rights which may have been prompted or facilitated by the policy which they have adopted in order to meet the wishes of the Colonial Office. I have, etc., Stafford H. Northcotk. Sir Frederic Rogers, Bart. 1 Hudson's Bay Company to Sir F. Rogers, 13 .January, 1869. The Governor of the Hudson's Bat Company to the Under-Secretary,* Hudson's Bat House, 30 London, January 13th, 1869. Sir, — I have the honour to acquaint you, for the information of Earl Granville, that I was elected by the shareholdei-s of this Company on Tuesday, the 5th instant, to the office of Governor, vacant by the resignation of the Earl of Kimberley. It now becomes my duty to address you in r<^ply to Mr. AdJerley's letter, dated the 1st December 1868, which was received by my predecessor on the eve of his resignation, and to which, in consequence of that event, the Committee have not been able to send an earlier answer. Before making any observations upon the particular topics discussed in Mr. Adderley's letter, I am desired by the Committee to assure Lord Granville that they continue sincerely anxious to promote the object with a view to which this Company was reconstructed five and a half years ago, viz., the gra- 40 dual settlement of such portions of their territory as admit of colonization ; that they adhere to the oj)inion expres,sed in their resolution of the 28th August, 1863, viz., that the time has come when it is expedient that the authority, executive and judicial, over the Red River Settlement and the south- western portion of Rupert's Land, should be vested in officers deriving such authority directly from the Crown ; and that they cheerfully accept the decision of Her Majesty's Government, communicated to them in Mr. Adderley's letter of the 23rd April, 1868, viz., that the whole of the Company's territory should, under proper conditions, be united with the Dominion of Canada, and placed under the author- ity of the Canadian Parliament. * Seaa. Papen, Canada, 1860, No. 26. elay which ! Red River 'ernment nt itruct me to it while ne- rnment are sion of the which they tliemselves 10 he advice of the test of nreasonable erritory for } been given controversy eu actuated r Majesty's 20 tablishment ifidently, to any's rights der to meet •HCOTK. 30 , 1869. was elected , vacant by t December consequence letter, I am promote the iz., the gra- 40 here to the when it is 1 the south- ly from the unicated to 's territory the autbor- S85 have been n.ade to thn.l. ,":;.: 'son or 'Z", 1 ;'""'•' '" """'"«'-' "^'^■^^"-^ -'-•»« with a view to th.-ir colonL't I . ; Z e > . ^Mr,: ?"""" f ''" ''r'"^'^"^'^ '^'^'"•'^""- the negotiations which have led t. the elf d oSi, , f B t' p" ".'^'">""^° .''"^'"^ ^'^ '"»« ^'-t of Canada were pn.cee.lin.^ In the whoe . it ' * Provinces constituting the Uon.i,.ion to fresh con.plicLo,.. or coul , la o a "v n I ,1 ir T, " '''r/" "'"''^ "'''^'' '^""''^ ^'''^ "- into the Confcderaf , , when t , , ' , , m f .'" "'^, °^ ''" "''"'"•"" «^ ^''^''^ ^-''^-y Addorloy's letter of J.c 2" r « \i P ," "'r ' ""^ ^""'" *''">' ^''^^ '"f^""-! ^'X "^ 10 this subject, and w r e ^ 1 l to^ ato 7 Tf 1 ""'""'^ '"^ "•^•™'' "^ Majesty upon proceeding .ponthrpilo all ten., wh.ch the Company would be p.epared'to accipt. plied with the desire of U^Oovil;: ''" "''''''''''' "'^«"^"^^'°" ^' ''''■ ^'^^ ""J-itatingly coL- undeJ'rJ;i;tt:;™,Z::^Cr" "^'^\^^^-*'"'^* ^'-^^^ ^-nt from the letter now adopted \^ lU a.t^J3 i^^i ijz:^::::^''f >; -^^'; ^•^^ F'-ip'- much prospect of an arran-^ement bein. come o ThZTT^ . inadmissible, and not to afford Con.pany hould receive onol i r^-T . ^'r^^, ^"'^Z"'' "'■''^^"'=«- ^^^'^^ t^e stipulation that the .gnoranco, whether they aro eonsiJcred odmwibl. ot not. CoMmUteo are left m CO Jptsrc:tL°'r,f;;vZ°;':re'''rM "^ "t "'^'""' "'"'"^- '- •*« ■-''^' «' «» eontained i„ M. AJUerl.;, e^r ■ , IZ ,L I ? »•>»«""■<>■>» "pon .ome of the remark, their propel, ■ ^ ' °"''" "■"' "■"' •"'^ ^ "' ■"i^'PPrel.ension as to the iKiarmg ot take pfrttC! ktrifi'Lt* jt ' ftTh "■"' T, °"'^ °' •*""« »"'™"' -'• .on, who have trfvelled thr^!^, het 'ly hat 1'" Trt rf Pf ' T":" Y '"■""""*"' ^ "■ in advantage, of elhnate, to ,.l adjoining United Suit.'^^^^ ftl":!' Sur„n''""^" and It has been ustlv noinfed nnf flmf i „• • • i , """V """^ rormmg the btate of Minnesota, « for enltivatioi iu , "re o Tlu^^^^^ " '"^ f "'■''■■'' ■""* '""'" '» ™'i- i Ailling, to one ponnd , r a e T » r„ "'.f^f .«"««■ « '!>» Committee are informed, from five *0 .hiliinf,,.. aero, ^X t^e l>uk STCtletd a^tXtlt a^b"' 7"""' °' °°' Sl^^^rtttr^XZlf^^^^^^^^^^^^ mittet\MS:::,;rm:rhLr2:attii!T.i:t " ""• "-^°- eaee the payment of a .hilling per aer. eonld hardly be d emed exc^We ,3 T'""?' V'^ to obviate dispute., therefore, the Committee propoid the 7.13^1 of ot .^1^™ ° ""'' respect to all sale, wherever they may lake nkee and fb.v Ek .r..,^ °^ ^' '""' '" been, on the whole, more favonr^ble i t.tTCtu'll.t^ZttlM^^r''' """" '"' «00,000 .eree. " ".a, however, stated by C Si:::;::r:Bepro:rnrat'arSS;w' ■ToiwT Appendix. Ciinailian Diifuminti, ami Ciirret- jKinilrnct thr Ciilonial Sfcrclari/ itnti thr Hmtiiiin*$ UttiitUnniHinyf fnur III the mrrrnihr of IhrHdmjmny'i claiing. Hudinn'B Buy Company t.i SirF. K<)Ki>r«, l;) January, ISfiu. K ■n Joint AlM'KNIllI. ('iinmlinn IhiCitmi ntii, ami I'lirrit- rinilrnee tinrn tSu'iihtninl Strntari/ inul thf ffilihnn*$ Utlul'tniiftnnjlf prmr tn (hi mm lull r of IhtViimfMny't elaiiiit, HtidMnii'l llay ('iiiii|>aiiy til Sirh'. Kii^tirn, 13 ifiiiiiiary, 180K. 888 with tlio Duke of Bllrkin^'hnm upon this sulijoct, that the Committor w<>ro williiijij to confine thoir flftini fiT lo.seivcs tn tiin liiiiitH i|( tineil liy Hir KdmuntI Himil'H li-ttiTof tlic lltli NoVfinluT, liSti;! ; that tlii'V weri' pri'paruil to ii;,'rt't' tJiat such roMervulinris siioultl bo nieiisiiroil liy this iniportivnco of the poHtx to wliich they were to he attiiplied, and f'^uld in no cnse exceed I), 000 acreH, The total quantity of land to h(f retnined hy theConipatir '""'<'' '"" ""' I'lnient, would not exceed 30,000 acres. The Com- mittee cannot agree to the n to iK*! quantities sold from time to time b}- the (iovernmetit, the Conimitteo desiri to call bjnl Granville's atteii'ion to the reasons 10 j;i\en in Sir M. Head's lelt*»' (-*" th«t lUth .April, IHtil, for ailuj Hng this mode of reset \ation in preference to that of ".setting apart beW»t4ia.wl a number of i..olatcd tracts of wild land, dotted over tlic surface of the colony, and calculated to iiuj^iC'lf! llir free flow of .settlement in the teriHtory." Their proposal was framed with reference to sales in tlic ftitli'- ^)elt only, and it never enter; into their minds ti> con- template such contingencies as those suggested in Mr. Adderloy's letter. In order, however, to obviate all cavil ujion this point, they would have been (piito willinj^ to limit the Company's right of stdeetion to the ea.so of lands sold or alienated within Sir K. Head's limits, provideil that it were agreed that no alienatioiLS should take place beyond those limits, except either for distinctly public purposes or for the bona fide carrying on of agricultural or mining operations. As regards Mr. Adderley's propo.sal that the right of selection should be confined to five lots of 200 acres each in each towii.sliip, as it is si L out, the 20 Committee can only remark that the character of this proposal must depend upon the size of the town- ship, of which no indication has been given. The Committoo still adhere to the opinion that under the peculiar circumstances of the proposed transfer of their territory, it would be reasona'le that their wild lands should for a limited time be exempt from taxation, in order to allow them a lair opportunity of bringing them into profitable culti- vation. They obs » th«J Mr. Adderley makes no reference to the tenth stipulation contained in Lord Kimli€«ley'8 letter of t). 13th May, viz., that until the stipulated sum of £1,000,000 sterling has been paid to tl Company, H" export duties .shall be levied by Canada upon furs exported by the Company nor any import duties ii articles imported by them into the North-Western Territory, and into that 30 part of Rupert's Land which is not included within the geographical limits laid down in Sir Edmund Head's letter of Xovomber 11th, 1863. This is a point to which the Committee attached very great importffv.. "•. ln>'' 1 Granville these explanations of their proposals, in, order to aiiow that they have done their ties';- u '.r^ pi/ .••.i.h the desire Jof Her Majesty's Guvermueut 40 ■*^-i.». ondno their 1S();1 ; that )f tho posts (|iiiiiitity of Tho c;oiii. IS or tracks, aon rcaily to CH Hohl from th(^ n-asons 10 II pri'foreiicii • the surface jidpusal was iikIh to con- I', to obviate of si^h'ction retd tliat no OS or for tho )sul that tho 1 stt out, the 20 uf the town- ihe proposed litotl time ho Utablo culti- 110(1 in Lord ng has been le Company nd into tliat 30 Sir Edmund 1 very gi'cat L'liasc of tlie ive accepted ho purchase the land, or the pressure 30 suspended ho Canadian cted to V(!ry 40 .urn. As an m1 upon ihe duty upon exporl luiy mmittoe feel tions ajjainst proposals, in, Goveruiaeut 287 W.^7f::^M':":^^^^^^ rhevhavenot. between then a ,' h^C^^^ v n It thl^ 7 "^'""""' ---^I"-''-"' -'-'' '-s tak.., pbe^ they have felt tils 1 e m ,' !'! n;;:^'; T ^^ "" ^^ '""^"^ ''"'''''''- ' -" l-ny and Her Majesty's Gove n tn^ I ;"; '"j^'"'"'^' "^'"'"""^ comn.eneed betw..en the Com- the G,.vernn.e„t of (^i da T I^rln . I ' / "".'" ""«"""^' '' "^''"^ ^''" ^''""P'"'>- -^"'^ ; .•ang,.n.e„t,s so 00, ,. i „.d v ' " '""' '''•""««'^^- < ' • '-.'er which exists that ar- Company's bei, g ' , I, 7 T ""''' '°^'" '"" '"'" ''""^^'""' '^^" "^••'>' ^'^ '-'• ^" '>>« of a itute of thim j ,. . , 'l " ^T'"^'" ^V'*^ ^--""'""t of Canada; and to the creation l<'Thev«resi„cerelv„ V / ^ ^ to their own uiterests. but to the welfare of tho cou.-try itself if the arran.',.,ne„t betuv..,, 1 1 ' "^ *"-'" '" '''"^ '•onnected, and thev beiiev. that I have, etc., Staffobd H. Northcote, Sir Frederic Rogers, Bart. Governor. .lor NT -Vl'fKNDU. ' 'iiniiilian tiiiil Ciirrif utinffcnt't hlhC' r n till I'lilitnial ^'■nliirft'tHj M' Hinlmnt'i HiiiiCumfiani/, liriiir 1.1 the lurrrnitro/ Mf ( 'ifiiifiting'g ctaiiim. The Undeu-Sechetary to the Canadian Delegates.* Downing Street, I am. Gentlemen, Your obedient servant. Sir G. E. Cartier, Bart. Frederic Ioqers. W. McDougall, Esq., C. B. Sir F. Ri)(ror» to Ciii.iiliaii IS Jfti] iiiry, 1«0'J. 40 The Canadian Delegates to the Under-Secretary.* Westminster Palace Hotel, Sm,-Wo have the honour to acknowledge the receipt of your le';roT;if 'sZlt'"'' ' 't • .copy of Sir Stafford Northc.te's letter of the" 13th ultim'o, in r;^ p "posl ^d: tol; VT'^^^^ hay Company for the cession to the Crown of their torrifn,-;..! ..; 1 f • ^^-"T ! '''°"'' Sir/nderio Joint Appendix. Spc. III. Canaiiian DocmncntSy ant i'orrca- poniicnce hrtwcen the dolnnial Sfcrctart/ ami the //»(fam',« BaiiCiimpany, prior to the 811 rrrivier of the Company's clainui. The Canadian Di'li'Kati'H to Sir Frederic Ropers, 8 February, 1869. 288 which his Lordship was likely liimaclf to take of them, or of the policy in respect to the general ques- tion which Her Majesty's present advisers intend to adopt. fiA&n interview with which we were favoured by Earl Granville on the 2Gth ultimo, he expressed his preference for a less complicated mode of dealing with the Hudson's Bay ([uostion than that pro- posed by the L iko of Buckingham and Ohandos, and requested us to communicate to him our observa- tions on the reply of Sir Stafford Northcote, and especially on the proposition with which his letter concludes, viz., tliat the Canadian Government should " complete the purchase of the territory at once, by the payment of *a sum of money or by the delivery of bonds." As we have had but few opportunities to confer with his Lordship since his accession to office, it may be proper, before considering Sir Stafford Northcote's letter, to state the position of the Canadian 10 Government, as we apprehend it, in this negotiation. The British North America Act of 1«G7 affirmed the policy of uniting under one Government all the colonies, pro"inces, and territories of British North America. Three provinces were united at once and provision was made by the 14Cth section, for the admission into the union of the remaining colonies, on address to Her Majesty by their respective Legislatures and the Parliament of Canada. The North-west Territories and Rupert's Land, or either of them, are to be admitted on the address of the Parliament of Canada alone, and on such terms and conditions as the Canadian Parliament may in its address express, and Her Majesty approve. In pursuance of the policy of the Imperial Parliament thus distinctly affirmed, the Canadian Parliament at its first session under the new constitution, adopted an address to Her Majesty for the 20 incorporation of the North-west Territory and Rupert's Land with the Dominion of Canada. The terms and conditions expressed in the address were, — 1st. That Canada should undertake the duties and obligations of Government and legislation in respect of those territories. 2nd. That the legal rights of any corporation, company, or individual within the territories should be respected, and that provision should be made for that purpose by placing those rights under the protection of courts of competent jurisdiction. 3rd. That the claims of the Indian tribes to compensation for lands required for purposes of settlement should be considered and settled, in conformity with the equitable principles which have uniformly goveraed the British Crown in its dealings with the aborigines. 30 The above were the only terms and conditions which, in the opinion of the Canadian Parliament, it was expedient to insert in the Order in Council, authorized by the 146th section. His Grace the Duke of Buckingham and Chandos, on receiving the address of the Canadian Parliament, consulted the law officers of the Crown, who advised, among other things, that " there would be much difficulty created by the existence of the charter" of the Hudson's Bay Company, " to putting into execution the powers of the 14Gth section of the British America Act, 1867, assuming that the Hudson's Bay Company were adverse to the union." A Bill was thereupon carried through the Imperial Parliament, apparently to remove the " difficulties" which the law officers had discovered. It reverses the order of procedure contemplated by the Act of 1867, and observed by the Canadian Parliament in its address, and makes the assent of 40 the Company a condition precedent to the translbr. The Canadian Government were not consulted as to the terms of this Act ; they could not under- stand why it was necessary, and greatly doubted the expediency of i)assing it. The Duke of Buckingham and Chandos, having opened negotiations with the Hudson's Bay Com- pany under the authority of the Act last mentioned, invited a delegation from the Canadian Govern- ment to confer with him in this country. Tiie undersigned, duly comnii.ssioned for that pui-pose, re- paired to London in October last, and had frcquciit interviews with liis Grace beforo his retirement from office. he general quea- no, he expressed n than that pro- lim our observa- which his letter erritory at once, ssion to office, it of the Canadian 10 Government all ■e united at once if the remaining ; of Canada. d on the address Parliament may d, the Canadian Majesty for the 20 if Canada. The ad legislation in .erritories should rights under the 30 for purposes of pies which have dian Parliament, jf the Canadian igs, that " there Y Company, " to 7, assuming that to remove the ire contemplated kes the assent of 40 could not under- dson's Bay Com- iiiadian Govern- that pui-pose, re- e his retirement 289 to undortaka iU .luti.. of l<.,.i,,l.tir„ a^^d X L ti ' L 1"''*'*" '''7'"' '"'"'" "» P»'»""'«' ''"~"- The Ooinp,ny, U,r„„„l, Sir ainffi,,,! K- ,, , ° 'emtoncs on the conJili„M |«.cifie,I '>""•'■'". clo,i„gtl,e„egoti.li„„,^yd.™„J J hja:erl^^^ """" f r°", •■'"'' '"'"■""'' '"•"■»'' °f ''".-• which it can be inferred Un,lnr tl,n.„ „• / mentioned, and no data jriven from "" ti>"i'<>n', 10 Government, to comm^nica^tE^ 1™:^:;;; ''' ? ^^'"^' ^ -presentati ves of th^Can.^i: ^"^«^^T^- propo.sition of the Company. "' '"^ observations we may wish to offer on this reply and £St% Canadian GoveVnment'vvraJoiH'''*''''^-^'""™/''^ foregoing recital, that, as representatives of the '^''^ ^1;"''^''"' principles and ^^ZZ: ^'S:':f^TZf a negotiation begun^nd carrie^^'u^ ^r^:^ responsible ibr its initiation, and bouiutyu'il'' ' '''" ^^-^ "^ assenting principals, S'^L^; oove::;^x::^t::r~^;rr: rr ^i" ^^" ^° -^^--^ ^^ ^^^ ^-^^- ' " to the recent proposals of the Iin^ Government "" *^" ''" '^^^^'''^ ^^°^'"'-^^''' ^P'^ 20 Cana!^r;it:n::::1.ra5::;^:;;?:::,^^-"^^'^ - ^^^ P-P-'^ *« the company. Which the IlupittS^o^JeT;^;!^'^^ "-^^ ^"" -^^^- -^ grants the right of soil, or freehold, of Wood^ to rR^crM:.mt:inf '"'^^ ''' '"''''' " '-''' ^^^^'" ^^^^^"^ ^-m the Lake of the favo^::f':LS:::^^^:r ;:^tt t^^: '^' - 'n °--^- ^^- ^^^^^ option m the law officers in 1857 admits til he^^o.tpl el^^^^^^ ''' '''^ T""'' '''' ^^P^'"* ^' by excluding tiie country that " could haveCn Iff 11 f *^'^*f '"^^''y g'™te J '""st be determined boundaries of Canada "Vhich t iTc a tei ll '^f r i"" ^ *'" French as falling within the 30 assertion of ownership on important n bio '?r-^ excludes by express words), and states that "the be con.dered ; and aL^" r^cronreVZri^n law officers of the Crown whicli we have seen (Junnly ct sr.\ " T -'T'' "''^'^'°" '^ '^'^ Bay Company, does not even by implication sun Zfl ' '?■ ^^'' ""''^'^ "^ ^^'' ""''^«»'« one-thirdof the Anierican conth/ent' Ctl. cTt an lirTr K' ^ '" ^" '^'^ '^""P'^ °^ ^^^^ their report with the emphatic statement \^ ^^•^i;yn^^T^'' "^' ''? ^^".^'^^'"^'^ ^^-^"'^^ with Canada is effected, that the true limits of the ZrZlTY' '"^,"""" °^ ^^"P'^''^''^ ^^"'^ should be accurately defined" An Is u nn i.lw ^ ^ , r""""'"''' '"■^'' ""''°'' *'"^ ^^^arter unsupported hy any competen le.d TS "' T ' "''?'' '"'^'"-^ ^^ "'"^^^ ='-"-'' and is Canada; and sLks'io supp ^ a b S u n wh i' a J^^^^ T ?f *-"'"' '*"^"*^ ^"'^ '^'^^^ «^ 40 is. to say the least, a mo.sffavou. J le a "Ztion fo ! C " " w '=°'^^^"'^-*'- '-^ ^^ ™ado,- Adderleys letter before remarking on" . ZZd Norulte "'"T" . " "°'"" *'"" P°'"'^ ''^ *^^- that we have acquiesced in then, Noithcotes reply, to prevent the possible inference .ro^^oX^:^:^:^:^^^^ "--^-- —ly anxious to viz.: thegradualsettlcmcntof su htno of tZr^ '^" reconstructed five and a-half years'ago, tedious to quote the numerous a d nostiv< 1 *°'''-'^"'T a-s adnut of colonization." It would be Companv. in the cour.s of olh i.C h! 7 T Y "r''"' '^"' ^'^^"™"''^ "^ *^"^ Hudson's Bay they included the Red 11 vJ^^^^^^^^^^ their territories (in which evidence of Sir George Simpson be^t^ if V "^ "" '"''"^ ""^^ ^°^ colonization. The 50 the views heretofore :nt'tafne.^mt^^^^^^^^^^^ Commons Committee of 18.57, is a fair sample of Keport, 1857 ; Questions 7 r . ^77^ e I) l^'pnT^'f ""'' *'° ^""^P'^"^^- ^^^^^^ ^-"-- P__T^ . 11 , , . > ' *'. 'i", / 1.», etc.; Mr. HjIIico. for manv vnm-a fiw> -.,1: _;-i /. ,, Lumputiy, declared belore tlio same Committee ihni ih. v 1 i.- ' "jr""', " ''P '*' °^ *^® speculation," and "had failed-" that ■■ n 1 . , ' ^^'''"" «'^"'«"'«»t was an "unwise jj^ na I tailed, that the climate is not favourable ;" that the Saskatchewan is a 200 Joint Ai'rKNi>ix. Sec. III. Canadian ami i 'arm- pondcncc betwefrt the Colonial oonntry capable of settlement only when " the population of America becomes so dense that they are forced into situations less lit for settlement than those they occupy now;" that the winters are " rigorous," and the country badly off for " fuel," etc. (Questions 5840 and 5847.) With such views of the unfitness of the country for settlement, and avowing their belief that colonization and the fur trade could not exist together, it is not surprising that the Company have always cherished the latter, which was profitable, and discouraged, and, as far as possible, prevented the UtTamUm^s f"i''iier, which had proved an " unwise speculation." It is true that the company was " re-constructed " BayCmiiftany, jn 18G3, with loud promises of a new policy. A great road acros" the continent was to be made, a prwr to the ' i j a i m i-> i mrrendirnf^ telegraph linc was to be put up, and emigration and colonization dev. doped on a large scale. IheDuke daivts.''""'" of Newcastle, then Secretary of State for the Colonies, was so much impressed by the zeal and public 1^ sjiirit of the gentlemen who effected the reconstruction, that he wrote despatches to the Canadian Government on their behalf, and evidently believed that a new era was about to open in the North- West, and the wild animals and fur traders retreat before the march of " European " settlers. The stock of the old Company, worth in the market about £1,000,000, was bought up, and by some j)roces9 which we are unable to describe, became £2,000,000. A show of anxiet}' to open postal and telegraphic communication was made, and " heads of proposals " were submitted to the Governments of Canada and British Columbia, which on examination were found to embrace a line of telegraph only, with the modest suggestion that the two Governments sliould guarantee the Company a profit of not less than 4 per cent, on their expenditure ! A proposal so absurd could only hav. been made to be rejected, and it "^n^'^tr'tT ^^'^^ rejected accordingly. The surplus capital of the reconstructed Company, which was called up for 20 SirlTwieric the avowed purpose of opening their territories to "European colonization, under a liberal and February, systematic scheme of land settlement," has never been ajjplied to that purpose. Five and a half years ■ have passed since the grand scheme was announced to the world, but no European emigrants have been sent out, no attempts to colonize have been made. Sir Stafford Northcote was not ])rol)ably aware, when he vouched for the bona fides of the Hudson's Bay Company as promoters of colonization, that a solemn vote of the shareholdera was taken in the month of November, 1866, which condemned and rejected the policy of colonization, absolutely and definitively. While unable, for the rea-sons stated, to concur in Sir Stafford Northcote's assurance that the Hudson's Bay Company are anxious to promote colonization, we are gratified to learn that they "adhere" to the resolution of 28th August, 1 803, that the time has come when it is expedient that ^^ " the authority, executive and judicial, over the Red River Settlement and the south-western portion of Rupert's Land, should be vested in officers deriving such authority directly from the Crown." The first remark we have to make upon this reference to the resolution of 1863 is, that it admits the continued incapacity of the Company as a governing power; the second, that if this was true in 1803, — if at that time it had become expedient to substitute the authority of the Crown for that of the Company, — it is much more expedient, if not absolutely necessary, now ; and third, that if the Company are to be relieved of the duty and cost of government whichtheircharter imposes, and which they admit they do not and cannot properly discharge, compensation should be made, not to the Company, as is claimed, but hij the Company to tliose who take the burden off their shoulders. We confess we have failed to discover any evidence, and therefore cannot believe, that the Company 40 have " cheerfully " accejited the decision of Hor Majesty's Government, " that the whole of the Company's territory should, under proper conditions, be united with Canada." A brief notice of the acts, in contrast with the professions of the Company, will, we think, account for the ill success of our researches and justify our incredulity. The repre.sentativcs of the Company, while declaring before the House of Commons Committee in 1857 (as we have already shown) that their territories were " unfit for settlement," professed their readiness to surrender any portion of them that might be desired by the Imperial or Canadian Governmept for that purpose. Mr. Ellice declared in the most unqualified terms, not only that the Company was willing to sur- render, but that it was the duty of the Government to see that no mere trading corporation obstructed ^^ " for one moment," nor to the extent of " one acre of land fit for settlement." tha " dominion cf the actual settlers." (Commons Report, 1857; questions 5851), 58G0, and 5933.) that tboy are i winters are oir belief that yoinpany liave provonteil tlio j-constructed" ;o be made, a le. The Duke ;al and public 1^ the Canadian n the North- settlers. The f sonic process ,nd telegraphic its of Canada only, with the lot less than K ejected, and it I called up for 20 a liberal and 1 a half years mts have beea y aware, when , tliat a solemn and rejected 'ance that the irn that they xpediont that ^^ stern portion Irown." hat it admits i was true in n for that of J, that if the ises, and which le, not to the Iders. the Company 40 ;he Company's if the act», in iuccess of our Committee in )rofessed their n Government willing to sur- ion obstructed ^^ ninion cf the 291 into S: !^:^i";:ST^:"-^^^^ «r-- (-^^ ^-^^ -^^) ^hat .. i.,., _ reeonmiended, was of little importance, b If if ttli^. /;;; '^'"'"'" "'^'=' '""^ '^'^ "«^-- haJ A^^^^.. -d ht fur cultivation and the establishm" of Ir 1^ ° H 'T7 ""^ " '' '''"'''' ^^ Canada ^.Ilu. to recommend to the shareholders of tCo ''^"'"'^"'^f ^^t^lers, the Directors are already prepared ^r"""" purpose. The terms of sucli :!:lSr^' t.^Z lT T '^"'^ "''•=' "^^ '' m.-JaV^at - cS between Her Majesty's Govenm.ent and t C„l!nv ^^°"'^^^"'*^' " """''^ ^' ^ -'-^"er of no difficulty iZ^^ Mr. Ellice had nrevionslv fnU fi. V ^"'"P''"y- ' theCoioniai was " of no in.por.Le at trt^^T^^r^^'^'^r^''^^' ^^'^^ the question of bounda^ |f|=^ ' :;■ ')^ -'-'« of it for purposes of tTlement U ou 1;"", 1 ?'""'" "'^"^"^ ^"^' l^'^ "^ ^he territory"^ fr&Z'^^" 10 or the whole of it for purposes o tTl ment To I,?: 1 ?^""^^'^ .'•^'^"^^- ^^^ 1-^ ^f the territory, ho hands of the Hudson'.s Bay Comp ^^ ''h a" t f"^ '"■'""^' ^^ "" "'"'"^"^ *« -™-» ^^ r^--'' ;™ ?!? "'^ -bject_would be suffiLnfto ^.:^'Sl::j^TI)^ -°"'^ ^« «P-t in litiga- -"- ton upon the subject would be sufficient to indon.nifVtV'ii 7" ^r""^ "'*"" '''°"''' ^"^ '^P'^"* ^^ I'tiga- """::!L ".»,»„,,, h..e „„ ,i.i,„ „„ „, ,,:;:^^ ;:in;''i*LSr:? ='^ c»" ^ ^ ..y c,.i„ .mch is-s. iiie.se jujuii •.«.,„.„ 1 , ,. J'. Sir 1< i('(ii rie nprrnf lira »,■.„„ — n: . Kogcrs, 8th 'pi, ,,„ " => ' " V "'^puLeu part or t leir teiT tm-v" — I'eieg.itost liiese assurances induced the CninmiA . '■ icmtoiy. Sir l.Vi, ri ".qn.ry the validity of the charter, or the tin of bo. P™P°" "'" '^'^ ascertaining by a judicial Canada " such portion of the land in her SZll , "'',' '"'^ '" ''^'''' "' f'^^""'" ^^ -"ne>^ing to settlement, with which she is willing to ."entrni^^' '"'"^ " ''' '" '" '^" "" P"'-^''^'^'^^ '' VKle the means of local administratirm " S^e cl" h " ■T'TT''^''*^""' '"^"^ ^^'' "'"^^^^ ^^^ -'" P™- :n effecting arrangements as between Her iie^tv Gc' "' , '"' *'"" "°"^'' ^''' " "« ^^^-1*^ 20 ceding the territory on "equitable principle'- "^ C,overnment and tlie Hudson's Bay Company," for the of^:^ t:z;^;::t^,':::p':' "^'- ^^'"-^ '-^'-^-^ ^^ ^"^ ^--^^tee of i^^r takm, tives imported, stron ,y ^pose^t l^dS To t" Th ^''' "'^ '^"«^ °^ ^^^ -~ n;ent" upon "equitable principle.,- with le ".^^^^^^^^^^^ \' l^""""" "^'^ ''' "^"^'^'^^^^ -'J-t- d..sagreement. Mr. Gladstone ace rdingly ubmS r I • " 5 "^°'"*"" '"^"^ '^ ^'^^"'^'^ °^ "^'timate of . h. whole question. He proposed- resolutions for a pronipt and definitive settlement '"' " H:d::;^:^^i;::^5-^-^-^o-''ould be withdrawn from the jurisdiction of the 30 Sfp:;:::.t::2:Xtl^:!n^^^^ ^^-^ -aln wlthm th^r jurisdiction.- . Her Majesty's Government to niake^rt "Sthe '.u^rno f ™'"'"^ P""^'" ^^°"'^^ ^« — ^^ to to the immunities and trade of the Com ny." N ' i ril"™" ^"' '^'^^"^^' '^^^ ^t^^ '^^ regard he country wliich was to be withdrawn for coloiVizati n R """"! "''''' '''^^'''"^ ^'th respect to ing that the jurisdiction of the Company '^houZ! f^f^P^^'^'l to ignore the charter, by declar- the Governor's letter above referred o '' a!! '^"^«forth upon the ba.sis of Statute." He quoted in principle the arrangementte pilled rZ^lllf^^ ^"^T'': '' ''' ^^'"P-^ ^« ' -^ tendered concessions which may prove .nffiZTif !\u "^^'"^'°''^^'^^- " ^'^ 'he Company had the question of raising "a judicial sue w h , "'. '^' ''"' ""^ ^^"^^^^^ '"'^^'^ necessary us to The propositions of Mr. Gild n w or^^ lo I IZ^^'^^'^'r? *^^ ^^^^"' '"^^-'^^^ ^^ the Confp ^ " 40 Twelve years have passed si„!e ht s off s v ^T, '' i '' '^"' '''''''^ ^°te of the chairman, .nittee of Parliament. Every Col n Ll S ^eL;; rr:Vs7ft V'^ ''""^^"^ ■■^"^ '''^^'^^' ^^^ "^ --- carry out the recommendation of the committJ w-T. . P'"'"'"* '"°"^^"t, has attempted to Two Acts of the Imperial Parliamen Z:^: ;2t:^^ "' ^'^ '^T"^' ^"^ ^^^"^^ '"-ss. but are yet without fruit. Sir Edwar.l B.dwe LvZ ^C H'^'^T *' ^"^'"'"'^ '^' arrangement, his administration as " illusory," and d ct d In "° ";'""'=^^''-'i the off.rs of the Compan/during He expressed his regret at a detern.inat n on thel W wP 7-"T "? '^^ ^""^""^'^^ "^ the case." of speedy and amicable settlement whicHe ha^^ si'. 4!" " "? ''' "''^^ "'^^^^'^^ '" the way to resort to "legal proceedings" (which he had In ° ? T,T '"^ •'*'^'^^ *'^'^^ ^^ ^^"ada declined negotiations with the Compfny in b r um d ~Uifr^ 1 T^^'' '^ ''^ '^^^' ^'^ ^«"-'- ^'-ther 50 must take the matter into thdr own hala'd ,, oceed on H ""'' "''^^ ''^J'^^'^ Government to H. H. Kerens, 9th Marcli IBS') ^ Si, Si ^ ^ ? '"" "'"'^ account." (Mr. Merivale'g letter Company',s license of exclusive r;ie "bH irCoC.Z:: WTr''''' ^"^"^''^ '^ ^^' ^ ^^ to th to carry out his policy of "connecting the two s ^ of B-^tistvtr f"^ '"^""^ ^""^--g*^ interposed by a proprietary jurisdictiLbetweentem-' ^^^ ''"'"'^ "'*^°"* *^^ "^'^tacle ifi< 292 Joint AppKNnix. Sec. III. Canadian Docuiiicnts, and Corres- pondence between the Colonial Sceretar;/ and the Hwiaon'i BapCompany, prior to the turreniltr of theCionpany's claims. Tho Canadian Delegates to Sir F. Rogers, 8th February, 18U». The Duke of Newcastle opened negotiations with the Company, in 1803-4 with much vigour But after various proposals and counter-proposals including the "reconstruction" of tho Company, he was obliged to treat their propositions as " inadmissible." Mr. Cardwell, during his administration, could not accept their proposals " without considerable modifications." Tlie Duke of Buckingham, after many discussions with the rcpres>'ntativcs of the Company regretted to perceive that tlieir proposals " did not aflbrd nmch prospect of an arrangement being come to"*'; and in the communication to which the letter of Sir StattbrJ Northcote is a reply, declared him- self " unable to recommend the adoption " of the terms demanded by the Company. Our notice of what, in Sir Stafford Northcote's opinion, constitutes a " cheerful acceptance of the 10 decision of Her Majesty's Government, would be incomplete, if we did not remind Earl Granville that the Company's " proper conditions " for the surrender of that portion of the North-Western Territories, for which they can sliow no title but such as may be derived from tho possession of a few trading jiosts, established there within the last fifty years, rose from a question of " no importance at all " in 18o7, or at most, of "less money than would be spent in a litigation on thi.! subject," (House of Commons Report, Question o8;U,) to the retention, in 18G3, in fee simple, of half the land proposed to be sur- rendered, with various other conditions, including a guarantee by the Governments of Canada and British Columbia of an annual profit on the Company's expenditures for improvements on their own property ! In 1SG4 these conditions took the form of a demand, first, to be paid £1,000,000 sterling from sales of 20 lands and mines, with largo reservations " to be selected by them." etc.; and, secondly, to be paid £1,000,000 sterling in cash, with otner terms and reservations favourable to the Company. In 1868 these conditions for the surrender of territorial and governing rights over the whole terri- tory remained at £1,000,000, as in the first proposition of 1804, with large reservations of land at "selected" points, specially exempted from taxation, and with full liberty to carry on tlieir trade free from the export and import duties to which all other subjects of Her Majesty in that country wc uld be exposed. In 18G9 these various proposals, which no Secretary of State could possibly entertain, have all been apparently merged in one grand proposition to sell out " the territory at once for a sum of money," in cash or bonds, the amount of which is not stated. We content ourselves under this head with the observation, that whatever others may be able to see in all these transactions, we are utterly unable to discover either a cheerful acceptance of the decision of any Government, or an honest disposition to fulfil the solemn pledges made to Parliament in 1857, on the faith of which the Company was unquestionably saved from judicial or legislative extinction. Sir Stafford Northcote claims creilit for tho Company because they have " declined to encourage overtures which have been made to them liy private persons for the purchase of portions of the Com- pany's territory with a view to their colonization." Our information is (and we can give Earl Granville names and dates, if the point is deemed of any importance) that the only " overtures" of the kind men- tioned whidi the Company have received, were not merely " encoiiraged," but suggested and concocted by prominent members of the Company, for the purpose of producing an impression on the Government, 40 and with a view, not to colonization, but to negotiation and the .stock market. We are not sure that we understand the statement of Sir Stafford Northcote that the Company "have taken no step which would give rise to fresh complications or place any new difficulty in the way of the admission of their territory into the Confederation." Tiie sale of land to private parties for colonization (assuming that bona fide offers have been received from such parties) could not give rise to much complication, except in the affairs of the Company. If Sir Stafford hints at the negotiations wliich were lately reported to be going on with certain American speculators in London for denation- alizing and Americanizing the Company with a view to the " admission of their territory " into the United States, instead of the Confederation, we respectfully submit that while such a difliculty might indeed be "now," the proper person to solve it would be Her Majesty's Attorney-General with the aid of 50 a court and jury of competent jurisdiction. much vigour Company, he ; considerable the Company- it being come declared him- ptanee of the 10 jranville that I'll Territories, trading I'osta^ 11 " in 1857, or of Commons ;ed to be sur- da and British awn property ! from sales of 20 y, to be paid ^vhole terri- ons of land at leir trade free atry wc uld be 30 I, liave all been of money," in y be able to see if the decision ;iment in 1857, extinction. d to encourage s of the Com- Earl Granville the kind men- and concocted le Government, 40 the Company ilty in the way ite parties for Id not give rise le negotiations for denation- ory " into the ifhculty might with the aid of 60 293 propoll'lt ::'rr':;ui^ "1- ''"""'/^ ^T'^ "-^ ^° ''''^' '^ ^^^-^ ^^^ D"^« ^'^ Buckingham-s banada. as we L'^reai :mind d hi: t' I' r """' I'' ''^ ^'"'*"' '''^'•^'"^^^^- '^''^ ^--ernnLt of terms o the ne^^tiailto,iTr f f^'''' """''"■ '""^^'''"^ '^'' ^'' '^ Parl.amont nor the umlerrautSr Th'oT 1 'f « tr'""^ "^ ^^"'^ ^'' the Colonies attempted to carry out Cert^Lan s set f w ^'"^"f'"^" f''-^" " ''^'^'^^^ -'^'^ ^^^ q-s.ion of the North-Western Territory and w do not ^e a b j^C a^r^ '''r? °'^^ "^"'''''"^ ^^^'-™-^ *« «- ^1-^' «--us Maiest/and M^esty. G^e::r s: zr;::;r • = -^:^r'" -'' - - ^"" ^^ - 10 territorvtf ri'l ^'!'^'''^''' «"SS°«tion that "the pay .nent of a sum of money" for the purchase of the which tl e Coni' I 7 °'"' 7',^'- '^''*""""° '^'^^ ''>^ "territory" he means the whole territory to p t am S relJh^^^^^^^^ *^'^^'""" -^f— ' -^--"^ their L,c.;nghamarLl"rb;H;tS^^^^^^^ ""^^ ^^^ '^^^^^ "^°" ^^ ^'^ ^^^^ «^ it mutt be pre'Zf "toT"'" " ^'j^^.^^'^'"".'^ ^^ ^he pn'^c/.^^e which two Secretaries of State (and t]>e transacMon of l\ 7 ^"^'^'^^^'^'^.^^'"'^/^trafons). declared after n.uch consideration, and in view of sh ul'nrdrecfflmiwr'' ''"^"f{'^P^''"'^''^ ^^^^^'^ '^'''- ^*- ^hat the compensation Imn^o th Gotrnn n T " " """T "' ''*; '""'°^^ ^*"''' '^'^^ ^^^^^^^'^ ^^^ ^ ^^ came into the 20 of 13tirApril 1804 ^'''''^'^ ''"' '^'° "'"'^^'^'^ ^^ *^^^ ^""P^"^ ^'^ ^heir communication right! of°tl''col^^^^^^ ^"^ fixing a money value upon the territorial and Cana iL ll 0. '^^^^ m the Bntish territory east of the Rocky Mountains and north of the American Sadlt'nf omtJl°^^ -o^-^ed, in 1865, sLt^;^rat:r;hegi^ ---^ - ^y ^^- ^-^-". ^^- quesUont wta?il'f^^^^^^ '' '^ ^^^ t^at the first" que tion is Wha is the nature of these " rights" and what territories do they affect? And the second What are the rights, separated from the duties and burdens attached to them by the Cllrte, fl^i^y; '\entuTe^tslmitforTaHr" 'T *^^«.^ ^"-"°- ^^^^^ - ^he present communication, but we L ^sputed t d vMch a a ^'=^'^«^'^^^^*-" ^ f- f-ts and inferences, which cannot, we believe of a ;rney pZhls" """'^' ^^""^'^^ "' '""^ '^^^^'^^^^'^^ ^^^^^^ ^'^^ ^^ ^^empted on the basis 1. The Charter of Charles II. (and for the present we raise no question as to its validitv^ could not :;t^trtr.;;::;tE^r "^ "-- - ^-^^- ^^ — whiehVrtir|^e?o; Chris!iar;fntts:ar^^^^^ then .• possessed by the subject of any other *OVrJ' S^*^''^^?^*{°^f;-^'«™^''^-«'i-We (1632), the King of England resigned to the Kin. of *0 France the sovereignty of Acadia, New France and Canada, generally, and withouf limits' ° n,nn ^^ "i^i,^" T'^^'^^t 5'''''''" """' ^'''" "nclerstood to include the. whole region of Hudson's Bay as the maps and histories of the time, English and French, abundantly prove. ^' fl, F ■ "^J ^l''J\'''^y °f ^^^^^^^'^'^ (1«97). twenty-seven years after the date of the Charter the ri^ht of Joint Appknwi. Sec. III. Canadian Hooumcnts, arui Curret' pitnitince liclween the Colonial Secretary and the liudson'i Jiai/Coinj>ani/^ irrioT to the turrcmler of the Company' t •ilaima. The Can.'wliaa ilelnifateB to Sir Fredtrio R0!,'1T8, 8th February, 1869. S94 Charter and taken possession of by the French in time of peace, on the ground that they were an in- vasion of French territory, were restored, by the Treaty of Ryswick, to the French and not to the Company. G. By the Treaty of Utrocht, 1714, "the Bay and Straits of Hudson, toj,'ether with all lands, sens, sea coasts, rivers, and places situate in the Bay and Straits, and which belong thereto," were finally ceded to Great Britain. 7. As no definite boundary was ever established between the possessions of tho French in the interior and the English at Hudson's Bay, down to the Treaty of Paris, 17C3, when tho Joint ArPKsmx. Sec. III. ]h}cumt:iitn, and CtirrcH- pondenee between the Cofonial Hcfretarii and the Hinhnn^9 Biiyi'umiiamj, prior to the surrrmtir "^ -i -t c ri i i i /^-^ i-» • • i the(.\mii,aiiir.i wliole ot Canada was ceded to Great Britain, the extent of the actual possession by the two nations for ciawi^ some period, si'y from the Treaty of Utrecht to the Treaty of Paris, affords the only rational and true 10 basis for ascertaining that boundary. The Canadian dolfjfatea tt> 8th 186U, 8. The evidence is abundant and conclusive to prove that the French traded over and possessed the Sir I'mLric wliolo ot the couiitvy kiiown as the Winnipeg Basin and " Fertile Belt," from its discovery by 3th^'«'bruary, *''« Kuropcans down to the Treaty of Paris, and that the Hudson's Bay Company neither traded nor established posts to the south or west of Lake Winnipeg, until many years after the cession of Canada to England. 1). No otiier or subsequent grant to tlie Company was ever made which could possibly extend their territorial rights under their ''' rter. The license to trade in the Indian territories, which they ob- tained in 1S21, was revoked i S58, and has not been renewed. 10. The country which, in view of these facts, must be excluded from the operation of the Charter. 20 includes all the lands fit for cultivation and settlement in that part of British America. It will be for Earl (Jranville to consider whether this Company is entitled to demand any payment whatever for surrendering to the Crown that which already belongs to it. We confess our utter in- ability, upon any principle of law, orjustice, or public policy, with which we are acquainted, to;_estimate ■ the amount which ought to be paid under such circumstances. The only basi.-, of computation" we can discover, applicable to such a case, is the cost of the legal proceedings necessasy, if any be noces.sary, to recover possession. A person has taken possession of a part of your domain under the pretence that it is included in a deed which you gave him for some adjoining property before you purchased the domain. You want to get rid of him, but will be compelled to bring an action. He is artful, stubborn, wealthy and influential. He will be able to worry you with a tedious litigation. How many acres will you 30 allow him to " reserve," and how much will you pay to save yourself the cost and trouble of a law suit? Compromi,ses of this kind are not unknown in private life, and the motives and calculations which govern them may be applicable to the present case. Wo recommend this mode of computing the amount of the payment to be made for the surrender of the North-W^est Territory, as distinguished from Rupert's Land, with all the more confidence, because it has already been suggessed by one of the ablest and most trusted of the representatives of the Company. (Vide evidence of Right Honourable E. Ellice, House of Commons Report, 1857, question 5834.) "With respect to Rupert's Land, or the "lands and territories," "upon the coasts and confines of the seas, bays," etc., "that lie within the entrance of the straits connnonly called Hudson's Straits," "not possessed by the subjects of any other Christian prince or state," a difierent rule, W3 admit, may be held 40 to apply. Giving to the words of the grant the widest construction, territorially, that could possibly be ad- mitted by any judicial body with the facts of the casein evidence before it, or, giving to these words the constructiim which the Company themselves applied for a hundred years from the date of their Charter, the " rights " they propose to sell are of little commercial value. No revenue, we feel assured, will ever be derived from them. The fur trade is the only industry the country offers as a source of profit, and this, if we rightly understand Sir Stafibrd Northcote's suggestion, the Company wish to retain. It lias never been alleged, even by the most sanguine advocates of the new theory of the Company respecting land sales, that any revenue can be derived from that source within the limits which we have assigned to Rupert's Land. The cost of government there, incon.siderabie Lliough it may be, wiliaiways r„ exceed any possible revenue. We are thus led to the same conclusion as in the case of the territory y were an in- itid not to the 1 lanJs, sens, wei'e finally lench in tha 1.3, when the vo nations for mil and true 10 possessed the discovery by ,er traded nor ion of Canada extend their ich tliey ob- if the Charter. 20 any payment our utter in- [1, to^estimute ition we can nncessary, to tence that it 1 the domain, yrn, wealthy !res will you 30 )le of a law I calculations oniputin^f the iguished from of the ablest onourable E. )nfines of the straits," "not ., may be held 40 ossibly be ad- these words date of their ) feel assured, IS a source of pany wish to the Company hich we have i, will always -„ the territory 2!>.) claimed, but not owned, by the Company viz that »1,nf ,u conunercial value. They are there, however by „t least a Y"" 7^°T. '' f^ '"^ ""^ P'^^""'-->' - ■^"■" the progress of In.perial and Colonial poHcJ am] put t e n'uV .['^ " ''•'"^' """' ^''°^ °^'^^'-^ '■■-'^• over one-third (and assome think even a iJLT.S T^^^^r^ , " '""''^'^'S'' ^ghts of the Crown «- 'H- worth to have this obstruction ^^^r^Zr'^^ the North American Continent. •• What is it '^o^HZ,., -e subn.it, belongs rather to H^r M, •est;:^verni^^MS; ll '^""- ''"!! ' '"^ '''' "'''''''• -'^^'" ance, to ren.ove the evil by a sunnnar'v Jocess-'""" . "'"i'''"!'" f""*^^' '" ^^" — ^ "^ -sist- ;--„,,, ance, to ren.ove the evil by a sunnnaX pr; ess han To ^^^ \ '" "" ?""*^^' ^" ^'"^ ^^^"^ "^ --t" the negotiation. ^ process-than to those who are a little more than spectators of .v«.;.»,.„„,. Ilir Jfmlaiiii'a 10 agre '::i:t';he t^r:? Xe::i^'t'^ '^^^ '^^^ r ° -'-- ^«^^ *« -■•'- ^^ ^ ^e^nite s^' the actual market value of tl'Z W "stoc^ at S": ^"'^.^^7°-!^ «" ^^^^ -!«. together with -''r^'- may deem of i.nportauee; and we tl ereLe :^snec ful v Z ^^ •"'^^^^ ^"'" ^'"^'' '"^ ^^''^^''^P ^"""^"'l- may be deduced from them. respectfully submit our views as to the co.iclusions which :;:^^ rp, c i ii ''^'"' Canadian ine first attemrit of the Imnerinl r!nvorn,«o^(. *„ i- l , deH'at™ to pensation which it iould be rZ atl^ to Tf^t ^h "t^^^^^^^ '^ ^"""'''^ «'-''"="• *^- -™- --.""ti? i" ISGk The greatest sum which after " verv . 1 ^°!"P""^' T '""^^''' ^>' ''^"^ ^^"'^'^ «f Newcastle ' ilr^^'- pose for the surrender of tl^" ^try wes oTrkw"" "'""" 1- «raee felt himself able to pro- subject to the following condition" :- ""'P'° ""^ ^''''"^«- ^^^^ ^'^^ payment was 20The;;3^rrsr:::^::i^- ^^i:tt^tdr:r7T^^^^^^'^ ^"^ -^^-- ernmeut receipts. -^ •^°^'*' ^"*' ^'^ ^^ entirely dependent on the Gov- 2. Payments were to cease whenever they reaohad f^-.nnnn it,., years. ^ readied £1^0,000; and absolutely at the end of fifty aggregate amounted to £100,000. " teiutory, for fifty years, or until the as against the claims of Canada. ma.sputable title to the territory ceded by them c»,tl« rc„c.,v»l hi, „(f,,. ^„,Uf,, ,|,rL,r„ i, "Y"'"^"^' '■"■ "■»■■* Tl,e Dnlce of New- n,y.t b. ».», or annexed to C„,„d«, i„ wlTial Xtul reZS^r ot C°' "" ''°°' ' pect of that territory. * ""um oe pa^aoie to Jie t.ompany in res- still in the possession of the wild Indians oT'f iT 7 ^T. ? '^''''' ^"'">"'" ""'''^^^ ""^ ^'^ in MinnecoL, which sell Ir ■ ofe p und, • L ■ Z" eit^ "'•;"', '' 7'- '^ "^""^ ^^^^ *'^^ '^^'^ towns, or the property of railwa! oomn„ ^ ,7 P"^''*' ^^"'^^ ^" ^^^<^ neighbourhood of to make then'saCu^ '^^ey 1 cZn^^^^^^^^^ " T' ," f "''""■^ ""' '"^^^"^ ^'^^^ ^^^ ^P-'^^'i Stafford ou.ht to have menUolld aHl^:;,! tt^l f .J- K^'TT^' '^ ^^'^^^ ^^P^"^'^"- «'^ Who leaves .e British isles f.r.m;i;Znn^: ^.:::S;^^ If KHI' ill i I ■ SbH r U nnl^B ■ ■4 IVi ■■■; i' < 296 of Canada, wild lands are now given to settlers as "free grantH," and wo may add, this policy is more likely to bo extended tlian rever.Hod. To talk of tho value of public lands as a source of revenue, dis- tant from one to two tliousand miles from available markets, and without mails or navigable waters by which to approach them, is to contradict all experience, or to assume that the cost of surveys and management, and of canals, roads, and other improvements for their development and settlement, will be supplied by those who do not own them for tho benefit of those who do, But in order to arrive at some result that can be expressed in figures, we will assume that tho sum 1H09. I'M Joint ArrKNDix. Sec. III. CaiKi'lian iMtrumintu, and Ci/mn- pondmce between the Cuhniitt Secrelari/ and the Hu(l»on'$ Ai.i/fv.wi/OTH.v, ascertained by the Duke of Newcastle to be a sufficient "compensation" would under his proposition turrenihrof have been paiil within fifty years, and at an average rate per annum. We thus give the Company the cUiim"!'""'" benefit of all tho doubts in the case, and reduce the question to a simple problem in arithmetic : What 10 The Cailadian ^^ ^^^® present value of an annuity of £5,000 per annimi f r fifty years ? Sh'f red«Ho That value, we submit, is the highest amount in cash that can be claimed as an equivalent for the rXuIr^'*' offer made to tho Company in 18C4, by his Grace the Duke of Newcastle. The next offer of the Imperial Government which mentions a specific sum, is that made by his Grace the Duke of Buckingham and Chandos, on the 1st December last. It differs from the previous offer in several important i)articulars. 1. It embraces the ^u}^ole of the territory claimed by the Company. 2. It proposes to allow the Company to retain their " posts " and certain allotments of land in their vicinity, with a small reservation in each township as it is surveyed. 3. It proposes to allow tho Company one quarter of tho receipts from land (free grants being 20 treated as sales at Is. 2'e'' acre), and one quarter of the sura received by Government as an export duty for gold and silver. 4. It limits the amount to be received under these heads conjointly at £1,000,000 sterling. The other stipulations are unimportant for the purpose of ascertaining the cash equivalent of th-^ proposition. It is evident that the " unknown quantities " in this equation are as difficult to find as in the first. We know the total .sum to be paid, and the proportion of the receipts from lands and mines applicable for its payment ; but we do not know the average annual sum likely to be realized from their sale. The minimum price is fixed at Is. per acre, and it is doubtful, if under the proposed arrangement, the price would ever be found to exceed that sum. There is one term still to bo ascertained— the average 30 number of acres per annum likely to be sold and granted. A crude guess is all that the case admits of. If we take Upper Canada, possessing many advantages for early and rapid settlement of which unfortunately, the remote territories of the North-West are deprived, wo find that from its erection into a separate province, down to 18G8, about twenty-two millions of acres had been disposed of by sale and grant, or an average of about 286,000 acres per annum. Assuming that the same rate of sale, etc., is maintained in the North-Wost Territories (which all the old Hudson's Bay authorities who know the country, would pronounce a bold assumption), we have rerluced tho ((uestion to a .simple reference to the annuity tables as before, viz.. What is the present value of an annuity of £3,575 per annum for 280 years ? We have omitted from the last term the one-fourth of the Government receipts from gold and 40 silver, for two reasons. 1st, It has not been shown that there are any gold or silver mines in the terri- tory that will pay for working. 2nd. All the attempts heretofore made to obtain a revenue from such, sources, in Canada, have failed, aud public opinion has forced the local Governments to adopt the policy of what may bo called " free mining," or cheap lands for the miners, and abolition of royalties and imposts, except to meet the cost of preserving the peace, and of surveys and necessary supervision. There is another proposition on the Government side which bears on tho question of " compensa- tion." It results from the agreement between tho representatives of the Government of Canada and Her I'lajesty's Government in 1865, and, containing fewer elements of uncertainty than propositions which involve questions of Government policy, emigration, land sales, etc., it can be reduced to a cash value with gieater exactitude. »/» licy is more ovoiino, dis- waters by surveys and lenient, will lat the sum proposition ainpany tlio letic : Wliat 10 ilont for the naJe by his he previous i of land in rants l)eing 20 3xport duty dent of th-> in the first, 9 applicable their pale. ;ement, the the average gQ case adtiiits it of which rection into of by bale ? (which all n), we have the present m gold and 40 n the teiTi- froin such, b the policy ^'altios and 'vision. compensa- 'anada and Topositions d to a cash 50 297 20p.en.i.es in England and Canada, ^lud ^ o^S ^^T^^^^ '"^'"'^'^^ Company, therefore, i. the estimation of the Complny';^ t^illtrfly^^^^ '"'''' '' ''' case.lj;r?;: t:;;^!i--^^^ ^^ -f -e to the dec!uctions,;rm;er::wouMteC^:>" ^" P-sible if not probable that, after making the old Hud^'Bi; c^:;:XT^:ntr3r ^^^ '-'^r-- r ^^^^^ "^- ^^ --^ '^-^'^- ^^« description for the sum of £150)000 An ^-ghts and property of the Company of every 30 down 'the assets, excirvet'^rilr^^^^^^^^^ -"^ -^ P-^-rs, se^ 1. The assets (exclusive of Nos. 2 and 3) of the Hudson's Bay Company recently and specially valued by competent valuers, at ^ ^' ^ *i n^. ..a 2. The landed territory (not valued) " £1,023,569 3. A cash balance of 370.000 £1,393.569 to be the highest sum which Mr CanhJll n! T ^''''^'''y- .^"^^^•" *''^ agreement of 1865 this seems could in any event belmand d bT L^ representatives of the Canadian Government thought 40 the rights they " would rable to fstfuish^^^^^^^ " "'™'^ °^ compensation for the surrender'of V^^^:^;^X^:^1^:^!:''' th^r equivalent, in cash the two off, . made to the Com- result, we have bad "rsle figure "il ltd " ^^-"g--"*^ «( 1««- To arrive at any will be more likolv in .71,,,^^! ' ''"^'^"'^^"g ^° o""- experience, the facts of a new country expreLedlt tp^pl;' n^^^^^^^^^^ Tv^''^ ^^ ^^i^--- either implied 7r upon the Company. ' ''^'"^ ""^ ^'^'^^^ ^°"'^ ^^^« i»^P°««d considerable expense There is anothfir mod" of r^fin'"-!-;--- ti^ ■ ■ i «i«.l !», only, whioh rc„^i to wif.i teT"""' " "■' """• ^ "" """""'^ <" "■np..,aU„g for 38 Joint Appkndix. Ciina/han Ihcumrntt, (tti't CitrrfS' fxnnfnife the Cn/uuial Scfritnrj/ atid the Hiidmn'a Bai/( nmpany, priar til the. surnniicr of lh>'(Jitmpany'i claim.i, riic (Jiiiiadiftn ilelejfivteg to Sir Krcderio l{"Kera, 8tli -t'eliruary, 18Utf. \i I .roiNT Al'I'KNIilX. Spc, [II. i'nnndinn ffiirutiuii(n, inni ^'tirnn- ivimtrncr liitwern Iht Cnlonml Strn'ttiriittnd thi Huilmm'l Haiii'imiixinil, ftrinrtii thi' numnilir nf tbf(^"nif>iini/'» chum It. CorrpHiiimd- ence liiKl I'alKMH— TliP Caniulian |)ele)frtti>H to Sir Iri-deric Kll^lTS, Stli bV'linuiry, 1«UU. 298 The stock of i\w Coiiipnny hns for aomo time been (iiioted at an average of l^. T\\e capital is, .nominally, £*J,0()i>,OllO, and the Hhiuvs £20,— the value of the .stock, therefon-, in rash, assuming; that the whole of it could ho .sold at the market rate, ix £ I ,.'1 oO.OOO, or £4;},.')fii) Icsx than the value, according to their own estimate, in 1863, of the Company's a8aet,00,000 paid to the old shareholdei-s, will no doubt be amply sullicient to makr ^'ood any deticiency in the valuation of IWIi.'l From a consideration of these data wo submit, that, if the validity of the Charter is not now to be questioned ; if the territorial extent of the country affected by it is not to be dc^fined ; if the claim of Canada to include, within her boundaries, a large portion, if not the whole, of the country occupied by the French at the time of the ces.sion in 170."), is not to be investigated, and finally determined ; if 10 the admitted incapacity and the notorious neglect of the Company to perform the duties of government (which were part of the consideration for the figlitu conceded by the Charter), are not to be taken as sullicient, on public grcmids, to Ju.stify cancellation and re entry by the ('rown, — then the very highest indenmity which ought to be paid, in cash, for a surrender of the territorial cla'ms of the Company, with the reservations and other privileges offered by his Grace the Duke of Buckingham and Chandos, is the sum indicated by the foregoing computations. We must, in conclusion, express to Earl Granville our strong conviction that no money oflTer, which either the Imperial or the Canadian Government would deem reasonable, will bo accepted by the Com- pany, and that, to delay the organization of constitutional Government in the Nortb-West Territory until th • Hudson's Bay Company consent to reasonable terms of surrender, is to hinder the success of 20 Confederation in British America, and to imperil the interests and authority of the British Crown in the territories now occupied by the Company. We therefore respectfully submit for Earl Granville's consideration, whether it is not expedient that the Address of the Canadian Parliament be at once acted upon, under the authority of the Impe- rial Act of 1807. But, if his Lord.ship should see any sufficient legal or other objection to that course, then we isk. on behalf of the Dominion Government, for the immediate transfer to that Government of the " North- West Territory," or all that part of British North America, from Canada on the east, to British Columbia, Alaska, and the Arctic Ocean, on the west and north, not heretofore validly granted to and now held by " The Governor and Company of Adventurers of PJngland trading into Hudson's Bay," by virtue of 30 a Charter of King Charles II., is.sued about tiie year 1070. We have the honour to be. Sir, Your obedient servants. Gm Wm. Et. Cautier. McDoUQALL. Sir Frederic Rogers, Bart., etc., etc., etc., Colonial Office. wmw*' Sir Frederic Rogers to Hudflon's Bay Com- i)any, 22nd february, 1869. The Under-Secretary to the Governor of the Hudson's Bay Company?* Downing Street, 22nd February, 1869. Sir, — 1 am directed by Earl Granville to enclose, for the information of the Directors of the Hudson's Bay Company, the copy of a letter which his Lordship has received from Sir G. Cartier and Mr. McDougall. As the greater part of that letter relates to matters on which the Company and the colony cannot be expected to agree, and on which Her Majesty's Government ha.s no authority to decide their differences. Lord Granville has felt some doubt whether the settlement of the question would be advanced by forwarding this letter. He considers it, however, necessary to do so; and in doing so, to explain clearly the position which he considers himself to occupy. •Soss. Papers, Canada, 1869, No. 25. 40 he capital is, winning; that lUe, accord iiig ritory." Tlie Idei-H, will no s not now to if tho claim itry occupied itenniued ; if 10 f govcrninont ) 1)0 taken n8 very liigliest le Company, and Chandos, \j offbr, which by the Com- est Territory he success of 20 sh Crown in lot expedient of the Impe- tlien wo isk. tho " North- ish Columbia, ,nd now held by virtue of 30 O'AUTIER. OUGALL. ry, 1869. ectors of the r. Cartier and pany and the )rity to decide lion would be 1 doing so, to 40 2<}9 delivery of bonds, a.ui you exprLst ^If n V "' '^ "'''-'^' """' °*" "°->'- -' l^v the Granville on this subject. ^ ^ ^'"'"'^ *" '°*''' '"''' ^"'t''^'' conmmnication with lord te.i^rx^:::::^:L:t:i:f::rw^ c^ '^"^"'^^^ ^^ ^-^^ «"^-'« ^^^-p-^-^ of opinion that .f the no,,otiation s reviv onTi T"^, *"" *'" '^"^""•>'' ^'"^ ^"^^ Granville i. at present, do no good b; assunZ to fmrnl or " "-'' '^ ' "''' "^"''''''^ ^'^^^r"-""*. ^'^n. to act as a channel of communZfon betTeen H^^f ™- "^ "«°~dation ; but can naerely oHe ,0 endeavou. to remove any di^rS n::X:n:t t Z^^^!^^ ^^^"^^^^^ ^'^^ ^^ ^- The material sentences, for the present purpose, are those with which the letter concludes highest which eould on any hyl res" t IrTv t f ."^"I"" ^^'^'^^ '''' "™ «^ ^^^^'^'^l « ^^e strong conviction that no nfone^offrSLiher^^ ^'^"^"^^ '^"' ''^^^^^^^ "-- reasonable, would be accepted by the clmrnnv I ^T "^^^''^'^''^'^ Government would deem the Dominion Govermnen't oitheVtt Sm Se ttnT""'; T '". ""^ ''" ""^' "">^ '^^'^ "" ^^^^^ P-^ o^ 30 the Company, or a transfer of the so^elj ytnd : ^l^^^^^^^^ f^^t T'T' '"^^T '^ ''' '^^^^ «^ granted to, and now held by, the Company under itsX^r '" "^ "°' ''''''''''' ^'^"^"^^ whic,ti::t:i::::^tSp;::.tr^^^^ - - ^^^ encsed .tter bringing matters to a settleme,!^^ 'r^arof , '^^^^^^^^^^ TtT Iv"? '" 'T? '''''' ^^"^^^"^ '^"^^ "^ think any such arrangement possible hfs trZnwm of ' V ''"*°" '^ '^'^ ^'^'"P^"^ '''^°"'''- ^^i^l representatives any naodified proposa o the t 'TI f "'" ^'7T' '" '""^""^ ^° *''^ ^'-^'i-- invite from the Directors, not anv amul nf J r ^^'^^''"'^^''y- bailing this, he thinks it proper to claims from which, as not Lt;Te?orro^^^^^^^^^^^ IT T'"" ^"^ '^'^^' ^' *'- ^^W's any objections they u.ay have whether 05^11 , .m f T'''^'''' "° '■^"^"''^' ^"^ ^ statement of 40 Sir G. Cartier andV. McDougall t IhlK t^ c^^^^^^^^^^^^^ ^°"°*- ^^^^^^ ^ -^e by securt;'tLlf:" J^ro^^^^^^^^^^^^ Company would propose to take, for in their territory, so 4^ tly r:^Zt:^Z^'£ ^::^:^^ "^'^^^"^ ^"'^ P^^ormed I am. Sir, your most obedient Servant, Joint Ahphndii, littii CoiiifHint/ priiir tit the iitrrrnilcr uf thtCumpam/i vfainia. Sir V. Kofj^tTH til Hii(lrt(in'« May Com. l!2iKi Kebru- iiry, 1869. The Right Honourable Sir Stafford Northcote, M.P. Fkederio Rogers. ,1 i Joint ArpuiDix. ('ianiA..L. Should, howov..., Ilcr Maj. ty- Uo o n,..e .t ,l..de on this measure, tho (.■ommitt..e will do all in their power to arrive at a good mdcrstamling with the ) .„uu.io„ Uovernment as to tho details of the arrangements whi.h s ,udd he to it tn T"'' r^ ''"f "'•;•*■ *''« sovereignty without a distinct definition of the limits to he assigned 0..1 11 ff r T '""'^ ^ °^ ''''''"'" «'""'■''' ''"'■^'^' ^''« Committee feel that they need not point to Earl Gnu ville iiat such a step would not only ho open to Ih. objections which I have already Leni n ' constant conflicts ol authority and to Ire-pient political einhariussments. The Company can har.Uv he expected to piwide for the security of life and property, and the due per.brmai c of h . L o ligations If their boundary is loft unsettled, and their title to important parts of their territo^ nn.eeogni.ed. It is probably unnecessary for me to pursue this argument at any length 20 I have now to advert to the last question put by Earl Uianviile.-tliat relating to the course which X-ib;:ir ' '"''"" '^ ^^'^ '-^ ''- government of their territory, so Lg as they remt The Committee desire me in the first place, to re.aind his Lordship that they have no authority to subntt'ctS " 'T .°'n''° «'>«r'"""^ "' ''" ^^"'"^''^"^- ^"^ ^'-^ ^'->' -" -''y ^■•"J-talco' h r ^e"a '77 '^ """' '"' '" "" ""'^ """ '"""^'"^"^ "" «^-- *'■-'• -l»l'«-- Subject to as to 1 ■ ■:^'""V"7,'r ^""P"'"^ '' '''''' ''' '"''' '■"*" communication with Earl Granville. m r Tr" " '''"f * \' " '''^'^^ '''' "" •'"'■P'^^'^ '' -'''^'' '- -J-rts. As his Lordship i rS e on ^i m f"n ^T'T '^ '" ''" ''"""''""'' '" ''"^' "^'^ "^ '" ^"^^-^' '''^' '^ '^^ '-'«'-t that •U) Riv r sTh ", ?, ^^ "'' "''"'^'^'"' ""^^ '^'' authority, executive and judicial, over Red .TO River so tlenient and the .south-western portion of Rupert's Land, should be vested in office I's derivinc. such authority directly from the (^rown, an.i exercising it in the name of Her Majesty "I^tn: his resolu 10.1. the Coimmtteo inten.led to indicate their desire for the establishment of a Crown colon^ ::la;e:i't:tr "^^ ^"^ ^•■^^^'^'•^^ ^^ '^^^--^^ ^^ ^^'•^ «- ^^^-^y^ Oovernmen,VtL.y are I am to state that the Committee would bo willing either to advise the surrender of such propor- on the Company s proprietary rights as might be found to be a fair equivalent for the chaJ wl ich he establishment of a C.wn colony would throw upon the Imperial Exchequer, or to recounnend tl e _ompany. retaining its proprietary rights, to take upon itself the whole of the pecuniary burden The 40 Committee are satisfied that a territory, which in the present undeveloped stati of its communication! .suppcrt>.a radeof tho annual value of more than £400,000. and which possesses a large amount of highly fe.-t.le soil requiring no great expenditure for its clearance and cultivation, is perfectly capable .'ouI'mT /"f\ " ?r"T.f "'^' «"^"'":"^"^ '^^'' '^ -.V be required to maintain ; and they have little aoubt that if the state of the ctuie were fairly laid before the shareholders, and if the moral support of flrthcoii^n' <-overnment were distinctly assured to them, the necessary funds would readily be Of cour.se if Her Majesty's Government should be of opinion that the great objects in view could b equa ly well attained by the exercise of the powers actually possessed by. or which might be granted to he Company, and should consider that it would be preferable to adopt this method of government 50 rather than to erect the territory into a Crown colony, the Committee would at once fall in with such a suffce.stion. and wonl,! rnniiaot P»"i n,.2Tiv:"- ^-. ct^i t iu ». n- , • •■■■ rtr' .r -- -"i" ••'^^ • — ■ -.janvitic 10 state to them what establishment would in the opinion of Her Majesty s Government, be sufficient to meet the necessities of the case. ■hnxt ArrcNDii, Hue. III. Ciinaittnn Oocumrnli, anil i'urren- hrtil'nn thr i'lilitnial Serrliirji ami Jill III 'om)«iiii/, liriiir fr. Ilic ' lurrrmlir nf Oiri'utiifjunif'a clilimii. Tli« Caiii\dian llc-llVllt™ til Sir rrt'ili.rii; l{i>K(rii, '.'lith I'lhniary, IWIil. Joint Appendix. Sec. III. Cnniuimn Documrnts, uii^i CnrrtH- jhtmlencr bftwrru tfif ihlunial Sfcrttttrfi ami the Hu'htiu\i prior to the tmrreiulrr i>f the(.'innp^'^ '« -^^'^'y <'if- press any opil n w ' . 'Ho h "'7;'""«""^" ^^''" '•^P--"* ^^-"-la ; nor can he undertake to ... u^^^^^o\::::^:i:^:cv:^:^^ in.ieod,it w„uidbe im. tl.ejudgmentofacourtof law. ^^^^^^ extent theclaims of the Company would b,> supported by servi^thetl^sctr''';;"'"" I'oth parties, his Lordship is convinced that he will be 10 is for the interest of both LI,; . '""^' "" ''"^'"'^ P'^P"'^'^'' "''''=''• ^' '^ ''VP'^'^ *« ^'^^ it be P.pared to use ^Jt li^ :S;C:M 5t:It:;^'^^^^ '~ -- than^^;,S;eri.!;;h"lIf "ti"''"'"' T* ^••'' ^--'"'^ ---^ -P^ct that it win be otherwise sideration' t a if i te o : rth:;;::iu . T " '^ '"' '^'''r' ^'"''° ^''^^ '°^'> ■"^>' «-'- "" -- politically or comn.e ci 1 ne os' ^^^ ' .7 '""'''"' *° ^' ^'"''' '^"^' '^ ^"^'"''^•^ ^" *'"^'» ^^'>'-^t is ^.renc/to thr^^r^l^TlLtf ^^^^^^ ; --" «^ -^ — -h The terms which his Lordship now i.roposes are as follows :- In i^!' ";■'';""' l^"f-?"''''"^ *" "'"°"^'''" *" "•^•- ^^••'^■''ty "" tJ^« r'gl^ts of governn^ent property , m Kuports Land, which are snec tied in fh.^ '11 nr.,1 Qi> v; ia- . , , '"""'"''• P»"P<'"y. .Ojn^a^ .her part of British N^th t:^^^^^^:::-^^^^^^:^^:^^^ Canada."^'""'' " *" ^"^ *'" ''""^'"^ ^'''■''' "^"^^ «"P-^'« ^^^^ - ^--fened to the Dominion of 3 The Company may, within twelve months of the surrender select a blor.W nf ln„ i r • • each of its stations, within the lin.its specified in Artich- 1 ''''''^ '''^J°'"'"° ..,J\^Z ^^'tr'Tll *^! P''''"* «g.-eement, the Fertile Belt is to be bounded as follows -On the south by the Un.todSUtes boundary; on the west by the Rocky Mountains ; on the north by Z:^:::^^::::::'^''^'-^- the east by Lake Wmnlpe, the Lake ;f the Woods. anJ tt 8. All titles to land up to the 8th of March, 18G9, conferred by the Company, are to be confirmed- 9. The Company is to be at liberty to carry on its trade without hindrance, in its corporate cana 40 city, and no exceptional tax is to be placed on the Company's land, trade, or ser;ants, noTany Irpor't duty on goods introduced by them previous to the surrender. ^ ^ 10. Canada is to t^ke over the material, of the electric telegraph at cost price, such price in withdraw'rl!' ^°'"^'"'''' '''™ '" ^'"^ ""^''" '«''^''"^"' '' ^^"'^- Vankoughnet and Hopkins to be settle.? .f^lV^t*''' °! "f '^"■*"g^"«'^*' *"«l"ding the filling up the blanks in articles 4 and 6, to be settled at once by mutual agreement. ' .TOINT ApI'KNDIX. Sec. III. Ciinailinn Ijiiciiinrnix, ami <*itrrt,t' IKiiiilrncr I'll in en thr Ciiliininl, Sii'rrfiiri/ ami the liitftmnCM Jiintt'(unfninif^ /irinr In Ihr ' UK rrtmliT of thi'l'nmimntt^^ chtiing. \ f ndtT-Soc. to H. li. C,,., Oth .March, 1W19. Joint Appbndii. Sec. III. Cannflian DociimentH, amt Corrrtt- pimilcnre bftivfcn the Colonial Seeretarii and thi' Hndaun'tt BayCiimixinii, prior til the turrfiidir of thtCom}xinii'i cfaivis. I^nder-Sec. to H. B. Co., 9. 804 It is clue, both to the representatives of Canada and to tlie Company, to add— that these terms are not intended by Lord Granville as the basis of further negotiation ; but a final ehbrt to effect that amicable accommodation of which he ha.s almost despaired, but which he believes will be for the ulti- mate interest of all parties. If this f)e rejected eitlier on the part of the Dominion or Company, his Lordship considers that his next step must be to procure an authoritative decision as to the rights of the Crown and the Company, and with this object he will recommend Her Majesty to refer their rights for examination to the Judi- cial Counnittee of the Privy Council, whose decision will form a basis for any future legi.siation or executive action which Her Majesty's Government may find neces.sary. Wliatever may be the result of this proposal, his Lordship desires to express his sense of the opcn- nes.s and courtesy which he has experienced throughout these negotiations, both from the reprosenta- 1® tives of Canada and from the Governor and Deputy-Governor of the CompaP-, and the patience with which they have entertained propo.sals which, from their point of view, must' no doubt luive appeared inadequate. Lord Granville is aware that a proposal of this kind will require con.sideration ; but he hopes that you will lose no time beyond what is necessary in acquainting him with your decision. I am. Sir, Your most obedient servant, „.„„,,, Frederic Rogers, Sir Stafford Northcote, Bart., etc. The Under-Secretary to the Canadian Delegates.* Downing Street, 9th March, 1869. Under-Sec. to Canadian Delegates, 9th March, 1SG9. Gentlemen,— Lord Granville transmitted to the Governor of the Hudson's Bay Company a copy of your letter of 8th February, and I enclose, by his Lordship's direction, a copy of the answer which he has received. The conclusion to which he has been led, after a careful consideration both of the correspondence which has passed and of the various representations made orally to him by yourselves and by the Governor and Deputy-Governor of the Company, are embodied in the enclosed letter, which he has directed me to address to Sir S. Northcote, and which you will be good enough to consider as conveying 30 to yourselves also the views of Her Majesty's Government. His Lordship is confident that you will give it your earliest attention. His Lordship desires me to add that, in case the terms suggested in this letter should be accepted by the parties concerned, Her Majesty's Government would be prepared to fulfil the expectations held out in Mr. Cardwell's despatch of 17th June, 1865, and to propose to Parliament that the Imperial guarantee should be given to a loan of £.300,000, the sum which is proposed to be paid over by Canada to the Company on the transfer of the Company's rights. As this is a matter in which the Comi.any has no interest, it is not adverted to in my letter to Sir Stafford Northcote. I am Gentlemen, Your most obedient servant, 40 o- n T- <-^ .• T, Frederic Rogers. Sir G. E. Cartier, Bart., W. McDougall, Esq. Resolutions of RESOLUTIONS OF THE GOVERNOR AND COMMITTEE OF THE HUDSONS BaY COMPANY, PASSED MaRCH """ " ° "■ 12th, 1809, TRAN.SMITTED TO THE CANADIAN DELEGATES.* Eesolvcd, that the Committee will r. . ommend the shareholders to accept the proposal of Lord Granville, if the Canadian Ministers will agree to the following modifications .— H. B. Co., 12th March 18U9. *8e«i. Papom, Canada, 1869, No. 26. lese terms are ;o effect that for Mie ulti- liders that his ho Company, to the Judi- lefjislation or ! of tlie open- e niprcsenta- ^^ latienco with XV appeared SOii 1. That Canada will lay no export (h.ty on fuis. :• '":: :,- "-«- ^^ '^ -. '■- ".;:;;::«;:':;::;::;7:':.;;.:" ■~°' •""■ *. lliat the proportion of land which tlicv nr,. fr, I .11 1 . 1 • ' , . twentieth to o.ie-tenth. ^ '" ''"""'"''^ ^" ^'''^"" ^^^ increased fro.u one- 5. That York aud M00.0 Factories be retained as ports of entry. '). liut Canada undertakes to o.iv the f -ino .> , • , . , oti.o.- d,.,.„,, „, „ ,„„„ie c,.„ .„, ;z t"z 2'cr;:„';' " °'' ■""'"'■' '---^ ' J I INT ArpKNnu. Sfc. III. , ('anriilian Jiitenminls, an/ {'urns- iK'iifUnci' the Colonial ^ccrctdrii and tlii: Hii'l.viu'a J'U//t'l,lil/,i,„ff, prior tit (III; aiirniiilvrof t/nCiiiiijjuni/'i claims. he hopes that Rogers, 20 ■h. 1809. my a copy of /er which he iTcspondence and by the hich he has 15 conveying 39 hat you will be accepted tations held .he Imperial r by Canada 16 Company 40 lOQERS. SEi) March sal of Lord W . The Canadian Delegates to t... Guve.nou or the Hudson's Bav CompanV VVKSTMrNSTER PaLACE HoTEL, Crr, w I xi 1 London, March LSth ISO mod.^at.ons of th. pr,,os. of Urd OranviUe ./the ti^f j;:f t:.^:! ^d t^!! """°^"" .o.t;:;^ :!:«:;: ;.^:r;;^:;::;r;r ""•'• '^'''-: ^"^ ^-p-^ ^^ ^-^^ ^--ine, is n..ch ,0 "'-t, and n.ueh n.ore onorou to aid- i r '"'' '"T''T'''^ "' *''" '"'l^'"''''' «— VVith.^reat reluctance we la'eotr el ^e ''"I'T'^'ln'"^ '"''^' '"^"' ^'•^'" '''^l ^« -^-^t- Company ;... «, .,,,,, b:^:^^ 1 '^rr^:: 'y ^"' •7'':- ""-'"rf '^ '^^^^p^^^'' ^>^ ^"^ .nont. The modirtcations and additions n.V.bv . ons.derafon of the Canadian (Jovern- within the purview of the IJtl/ ' df J 1 P n'"'"'"'' ^"■""''•'' ''' "''^ ^ ci.an,es arteJtin. tiM, ver/ba s of I o ™ ^ material take to recomm:nd their^.c;:;;:2t:,:s;:n ^::z::i '""'''''• '-' '^ ^'-"- - "■"- the ^:^^^:7:^z^t:::;^^^ — ... correctly advised, the Coinn.ittee are no warranted 4 n ail f If ' ■ ^^"^"7""'^'"^- I* ^^"- '^''e 30 Frederic Rogers, connnunieatin, to us a cop; t ,1 Gi'^He t ^"7' " '" '" '■"'"• '' "'^ ^oys ''the views of Her Maje:tys Goveiml " .^ ^ l^/ ^ ' "^"" ""'""^ that it con- Company it is stated tl.at " tl ese term. .;,■ Tf I ' , t , ' '-''^"^•''T'"^ these views to the the Lnporial Goverun.ent; and m bt a ep^^ " ^^'" """'^'^'^^ '^^ ^'^ "/^..a.. Jof Chapter 105 (which was .ot i .^roduced 7t .e in n '" "?'"'''; ^''" ^^^ '^ "^'^ "'^^ ^^''^'^-' OovernuKmt) placed thene..otiaionoTi:t! If ^''^ "'i 'T"'/" '''' '''"''''' "^ *■»" ^^'""-^'i'^n hands of Her Majesty's Im^ei^d Go;eLt , f who. •'^""■?';' "V'^' .^'" ^'""P-^>' ^^ "- Crown in the we are of opinion it must 'em!;;!, ' ' ""''' ''' ^°' " ''^^P''"'^'^'' '^^ '""^ ^^-^-t-" fails. 4ooran"s;:';;::xr,:;:t:':^^ ^y^^^^ -- of Lord Company. . ^ ''"''' ^'''^ Canadian Government and the Hudson's Bay We have the honour to be. Sir, Your very obedient servants, Geo. Et. Cartier. Sir Startbrd Northeote, M.P., ^^'"- ^^^^O^'^ALL. etc,, etc., etc. Canail 1.111 IJ«lu;,Mtt's to if. a C.I., l;iti. .Miiich, i8u:>. K 39 ♦Sesa. Papers, Canada, 1869, No. 25. 306 Joint Al'I'KNDIX. Sec. III. Cdniiiliiin iimi Currea- pinidvnci' lilt mm the CciluninI ^ecrtlurii and thf Uu'lmii'it The (iuVKUNOK ov thk Hudson's Bay Company to the Canadian Deleoates.' Hudson's Bay House, London, March lljtli, 1.SC9. Gknti.emen,-I have the h.„UMn- to acknowle.l-ro the rceeipt of your l-lter .,f yostonhty's date, in rep V to „.v letter to b.r Cieor^e Cartier. in n l.iel, I enclosed to you a copy of the Ke^olution.s adopted at the meelin- of the Con.aiittee of the Hudson's Bay Company on the liith instimt. It is unnecessary for me to enter into the question you raise, as to whether Earl (Jranville C;;,:;;;.'V ''°"'^ "•' ;7!"'^, "°* '^^••^ept any modifications of the terms set forth in his Lo.dship's recent c.om.nuni- r^.c^^„,„,cat,onto this Comnuttee, ,f they .should be agreed to by this Co.umittee on the one hand and by J_ yourse ves on the other While stating that he regarded these tenns as not being intended as the bas,^ 10 ^1Z:° '„";'"' »'^gf - :j-' r->-^l Granville a.lde.l that he left the details ot the arrangen,ent to be settled by Canadian „,„*„ i i n^i - ■•^^••"■= "' ""^ th mst. askm,. for o.^e-^.n^A instead of o,„.-/,.c.^W/, as propos...! by Lord Granville, of the land whLh may be surveyed for .settlement in the North-Western Territory. You further state that if the other resolutions transmitted to us go further than the "details of the arrangement." left by I^rd Granville to be 'settled by mutual consent," the Committee are ready to reconsider them. With reference to the first resolution, "That Canada will lay no export duty on furs," we be■> >.. ..,»„.- lofj aranvillc', „,,„,,„.o 'n„ p ^ ^? "*' '"' "" " "''°'"'" """" ""> "2tl> article of will no.e,,:u-i.^ ,v2 , . a , ni^liT' r''-" , 1° ""'",''"'' I'"""''* "' «"™'-""'™' h' the C p.ny fait,., .1 .1., .e..,„, .„. „:r:: o;i';::o:;'t:;«i„':;r""'" '" '""-" -^ "-^ ""'■ '- »-^ We have the honour to be, Sir, Your obedient servants, ;jQ Geo. Et. Cautier. Sir Stafford Northcote, M.P., ^^^ ^I'-'^^^^'^^i'L' etc., etc., etc. Joint Al'I'ENDU, Sec. III. Vaiintlinn Dtiuum"ntt, aiut i 'orrrS' fi'ntdrnce brtnrin the Culonial Secrcttirt/ and thr Hmhtn^s BajiC'impany, pri'irto the turrcHiler of the Company $ claims. Canadian l)el(,(,'.itea to H. 15. Co., 18 March, 18G'J DETAILS or Aa«E.KK.VT BEmEE. TH. DELKO.xrCS OP THK DoMt.VIOX AND THE DlHECTORS OP THE HUD- son's B.vy Company.* ,»y.. to ■.„..i,ai,o ,„., they actual^ «!;; tr.i;;:!w':t: -Ly:''"'' ""'"""■"■ '"- "°"'- 2. It IS unaeret.m.1 that it will 1„ a sufli,-io„t.,,.t of ,olocti,.ti iiii.lo,- Aitido Iff tl,.t ,K. r^ Aifreement, Canadian Delegates, andH.BCo., 22 March, 1869. * SoBB. Paints, Cam) da, 1869, No. 25. • foi.VT ArPENnix. (aniiiliiin Jl'iCIIIIKIllll, (iiiil '\,rns- ItiillllvUfC I'll im II l/ic I (u'i,ni(il yrcnlflri/ ilm( the UuiUii'a liiill'omj mill, jiii,.r 111 /III' ' H'irr. iiilir of thi'iiiniuny'a CMinm. AK'reeinciit, Caiiadiiui IJflcirates and H. B. Co.,22nrl March, 1863. ao8 ■■> It k understood that Article V. «l,all l.e construed to n-enn tlmt the blocks sl.all front the rivef 01 wniih the troiitaj;e .shall not !..• more thiin l.jilf tho dei.lh. <='"»'■'. ,..rti!n li'!' m'""","-' T' ""■ ^""■';""^' ""'^' '''"'"• ""• "^^■-'- '""'-•■ -i^''^ "f <^'"i"'i--^ their pro- po.t.on o) e.u-l, low.,.sl„i, or no. n.ore ,h„n ten ve.us.f.er it i. .^et ...t ; lut their elain, n.ust belin.L^ ^" - ''"•'tn..nt Iron, the h,n,U ren,«in,n, nn.,id .,t ,he tin.e the, .ledare their intent ic^/iotr™ , '•I^'-''>'''-'-'l-^"MhellM,k in AUi.IeV]..hnilleflkd.,iMvi,huoLt cents (O^^^^^^^ stiiienieni sliall lie < usDcseil ot liv tjii- f nuiiii;.... i ' ■, » • . ' n i , , f ■ '^"iKKliaii t-(Aeninient in coniniunieaten with the Jnioirinl Oovermuent. and that the Cou.pany shall be reheved of all responsibility in respect of the.n ' 10 STAFFOIil) H. KORTHCOTE, Cr. E. Cartikr, March 22. 18GU. * '^^'^ ^l^'^^u^'^i-i" The Canadian Delegates to the TTSder-Secrktary.* WE,sT.MixsTi.:k Palace Hotel ==::s;r ;X:::S=r k::^Hs^ 2( 30 .. Aarrecment, Canadian Dulerates, andfl. B. <-'... -"Jth Cf. E. CMiTIKH, W. McDougai.l. 40 JJELtGAlEs) AND THE GOVERNOR OF THE HuD.SON'.s BaV CoMPA.NY * 40' ' ae»8. Jb'apors, U*nado, 1869, No. 26. out the rivef inillc'lograniM, 11},' tlicir pro- ist III' liniitfd iiinkc it. iinilinn). ' Jllll |1(JSI s of llic Jm))crial TBCOTE, 10 EL, 1, i.soy. iville to tlie on formally sc proposiils 20 finally con- I'st signified irc'Ctly, and In some ualification if tiie Cnni- espondunce 2Uh inst, 'l)at we iire to Canada. 3*' -viz., that iiui Pailia- tbe North- to Briti.sli ed to, and Biiy, may h America a.VLL. 40 I!anadian the fertile Company northern ng up to ps estab- . .•500 It 19 (nider.>,tood that the townships on the northpm hunt ui,„ii „„* * .u i, more than Hve ndLs inland from the river '" "°* ^'' '^' ^^°^^ P"T°«« ^^^^^^^ GEnRGE Et. CaRTIER, London, 29th March, 18C9. St.\fford H. Nohthcote. Joist A' NDIX Sec. HI. Canadian Jlwiitiitnia, and Currca- pnndt nee liilnuen tht' Colimial l^ren tarn and the Hudson') MayCumi'any, jiniir to the turrtndtr of theCumpamj'i claims. Asreement, Cuniuliaii Ueletratcs and H. B. Co., LMJth March, 1869. The Under-Secketar. to the G(n::RN-ou of t.ie Huikson's Bay Company.* Downing Street, T T . , , r, . -'^P''' 3'"''' 1869. L'^;'rc::«l :• r;:x;":,™,r';;;;r ::.r;;;;:rr'r" * "'^ f, • '*- "••■'— "^ £0 l..rrit,.ii. 1 „llH.r ri.,U< „f liin ll,„l,„„', B,.|. ,' '".""»" ' .''ii for the s.i,r™,k.|- of the ..V „,.o.. t.,.^j„.uoe .„., ,00. .;;.;::' cS::::::;:: r;ris:::,"':S'Sr ^""""-^ ■■■'^"■' F. Rogers, The Governor of the Hudson's Bay Company to the Under-Secretary.: Hudson's Bay House, London. 10th April, 1869. Under-Sec. to H. B. Co., SApril.lSUO. "'-"''">'^^. iVLU April, IHOy. IR,-1 have the honour to acquaint you, for the information of Eari Granville that nt . rr,..r Hud.son'.s Bay Company held on tho OH. in«f tu f ii • , "f'^"^''"^' ^'^^.t at a meeting h. B. Co. to ^„ ,.f u ■ , ^ •'.' , ''"^ '"^*^' *"^ following resolution was adopted bv -l krrrp I'nder-Sec. .y of the proprietors .specally sumn.oned to consider the nnnvsn.! .nnf,.;.,... =„ ..! - ,_.L . 'P E^P"'- Sir, end Committee be and they are hereby authon/ed fn m.,L-n c i ^"'"'"i"'^. «i"d that tlie Governor ten.,, „.™ w.„ »,„,„ .„;, „„ o„/™;'::i p;;::t :': j:X-"j .u;;jr:t'''t "" of the terms by the Government and Parliament of Canad-L ^1,oll J, v P'°''.^'^^ ,^''ft the acceptance I have, etc., Stafford H. Northcote, Sir F. Rng<^rs, Baronet. Governor. * SesB, Pupers.Can., 1869, No. 25. Joint Appendix. Sec. III. C'liniii/itm mill I 'i/rrm- jmiiilriicc ltd Id in the VolimiaJ 310 The Colonial Sk(;retaby to the GovERsoR-GENEnAi,.* Downing Stuekt, ss?::. ::w';,:':, ";p: n:.;'::;i:;;i:r'::t: 'r;r:;;;r; ^'ir 'rn ■ -ri -' "'"""• -^ ' tkeHiiih,,,, fi,.it fl, .1 , ■■■' "^■''^'''» lu lilt I13, .'Ml .^tuHor.l Northcoto, lr,,i,i wiuh you will noreeivo RmiCumin,,,:,, '■''''•'' tliose tonus Imvu L(;,.|i acco.lfd to. , ^ i ;/ «iii ptrttue prior til the \' 'il 1 mtrrimlcr IV ^ ""' ^*'"' '^''^Cl'VC that tie ( !()\-crilor mill (.'ciiiimlffon ,,(' fl,,. <' , il tationsof He Aa,c..stv.sUovonin.e„t. Tliev believe that whatever may have been the no! ev ^tte U .,.,,. ai. the ertoct of th^r ehaitere.! nghts upon the progress of settlement, the h U bl^ w foui. the eM.tin. papulation ot tins part of Auieiica have ,,ro.ited by the Co„,pai.v's rule nnnvTl/7'l''™^''*"' ''■"'''''•'"' '''■'^'''^''''^■•'^•^ «^ civilization: thev have 'been tai.d.t to some 20 p :::! ha^^t;; ::^ t'' "^ '''-' r' ^'^ "• *"^ -'"^^'^^ -^ ^'^ ^^'"- ■-" ' -'• ^J^^' ^^ - h ., 1 r* ''"''■'''""'' "^^'-^^ '-V0..I those which are inseparable tVom their habit, aii.l their chniate. I am sure that your Government will not forget the care which is ,lue to t ose who must soon be exposed to new dangers, an.l in the course of settlement be disp, J^^^e u '^ which they are used to enjoy as their own. or be confined within unwonted'y narrow limits Ih.s question had not e.scape.l my noti,;e while framing the proposals wide. T Jaid before the Cana,han .lelegates and the Governor of the ifudson s Bay C.mipany. 1 did nof howevrtl^n all. L ^•enig th circumstances under which tho.se conditions would be applied, and becau.se it appeaLl to me r;:;;;:f :n:rrt:::^^:;;^^ -- ^^ ^-^^ - — -^ ---- - -- -«- ri..ht!'!;n!n.!!?"'""""' r!-''""' '"•'* "'""■ '^""S^^* '''''''^' '^'' obligations to tho,se whose uncertain ^^ f 'IT' '^■'"^' '•■° '""'™'''^'' ''>' '^^' ^'•^'^"^^' "f ---"i^-l — '• I -'.' .sure that tZ 1 not do so >n the present ca.se, but that the old inhabitants of the country will be treated w u h fo vthought and eonsi.leration as may preserve them from the dangers of the approach .. chin Id satisfy them ol the friendly interest which their new governors feel in their welfare ° ° ' the «!"'' ?' "'P'T'"" '^ "'•' '"''^'' ^ "'^'' '^"'' '">' '''^■^P'^'^''' '"'^'-^ly "^P^'iti-'g "ly Hin-^'^re desire that he a mexation of the great territory may be speedily accomplished, and may bWn.^o the D^m 2u al the advantages winch the statesmen of Canada nut unreasonably anticipate ° I have, etc., Governor the Right Honourable Sir John Young, Baronet., Granville 40 G. C. B., etc., etc., etc. Report of the Canadia.s Delegates.* To His Excellency ihe RhjU Hon. Sir John Younu, Bart., G.C.B., G.C.M.G., Governor-General of Canada May it Please Your Excellency,— Report, Can. ^^J"^]. '"^^''^ .l!'' ^""""' ^^ '"^""^^ ^''' ^""'" J^'^^^'I^n^T's Consideration the following Report of our »^..,rnr,.>,.t f n ,. l- ^ „ ' "^iii^ xvcpoio or our ^at..s,«th R„o,,.. I ,,,„, ,„.., V' , m/ /P^ ^, Govemment for the transfer to the Dominion of Canada of May, laea. Jv"P"-'^ 1-1 tnu a nd tite iNorth-We.-stern Territory : ♦ SeBs. Papers, Canada, 1869, No. 25. ~" ^ i 4( .•ni Vuihv the autluii-ity of an Onl.r in Council of tlio 1st OctoV lor, 1808, wo wore appointed a delega- 18(10. y I lie terms la'la, and I ill perceive •nciir in nil i Company f the terms IQ U bo made Ji'fiipy tho inent ; and tho expov;- icy of the tribes who it to some 20 •y do not rom their e to tlioae the liinls 'efore the en allude y of foro- red to me vernment 30 uncertain that they vith such mge, and Jsire that linion all i.m 40 Canada, t of our mada of on to Kn,d,,ndt,. arrange tho " terms for th.. nc,,nisition by Canada of Ruperts Land ' and by another Urder m ( .,„„e.l ot the same da*e, we w.r.. auth„ri/.ed t,. arrange "for tho a.lmi.^sion of the No,th-West and' .?'li "; '"u-" " ','"':"'"■ ""'"'■ "'*'' "■ "'"'""^ '^"I"'-''^ '-'^'"'- '- '"".V '- f-.nd practicable and txpedien . \ e procved..! at once to ex....ute the important mission .-onlided to us, and on presentin.^ nurse ves at the ( , 'on.al Olhce, were invited by his Grace the Dukeof Buckingham an.l Chandos, then Secretary ol Mu^e or the ( ol.nies, to visit him at Stowe, for the purpose of discussing freely ami fully the nmner.vus an.l .iiHicult .pustions whic. were involved in the transfer of these g:-eat tm-itories to ( auMda. We found that his Grace had already ...ado some progress in the preliminaries .,f a ne.n,tiation 10 under the Act U an.l .2 Vic. eap. 10.) wnh u.e Hudson's Bay Company, for tho surremle; to ller Majesty ot the territorial and p. liiieal rights which they claimed in l.'uperfs Land. We objected very earnestly to sou.o ot the demands of the Company which were communicated to us by hi.s Grace but after much cm.sideration and important mod,Kcati,..isof the Company's .lemands. we agreed that if they v.,uldsunendcu- the territory on the comlitions which his Grace proposed, we would recommend the acceptance ot these conditions by the Canadian Government. The Duko of Buckingham's propo.sals will bo found in the letter of Mr. Adderley. of tho Lst December, 180o. addressed to the Governor of the Hudson's Bay Company. Consi.lerable delay in the negotiations was occasioned by tho retirement from ofHco of the Duke of aoUrcClfr •'' ' ''^"'''""'^ ''" ''''^'" '"^^■^'"'^^'"" "»' ^'"-^1 Ki.nborley. the then Governor of On the 18tl, January. 1809, Earl Granville, who had acceded to office a.s Secretary of State for the Co onies transmitted to us the reply of tho Company, declining the proposals of the Duke of Bucking- ham. ILs Lordship .subsequently iv.pieste.l us to communicate to him any observatioas which we mb.ht desire « utter upon this reply .,t the Company and upon certain counter-proposals which it contai,red. Ae felt reluctant, as representatives of Cana. la, to engage in a controversv with the Company concerning matters o fact, as well as questions of law and policy, while the negotiation with them was being corned on by the n.penal Government in its own name and of its own authority. But we did not feel at liberty to decline Lord Granville's recp.est, and on the 8tl. of February stated at length our views upon the various |K>.nts raised in the letter of Sir Stafford xNorthcote, tho now Governoi of tlio Company, m answer t„ the propo.sals of the Duke of Buekingham. We beg to refer Your Excellency to corre,sponenco for full information as to tho positions taken and tl J opinions expressed by ns at tins stage ot the negotiation. o '■" Lord Granvillo, being of opinion that the rejection by tho Company of tho proposals of his pre- docessor had term.nat.l the negotiations instituted by hi,,,, submitted for our consideration proposals 0. his own, bused on a difhoront principle from that which had boon laid down by tho Duke of Buck- VVof.^tifcourduty to state to his Lord.ship that these proi,.o,sals would not bo acceptable to the Canadian Govorninent. 1 hey ^vero subsequently modified, and in the form in which they appear in the letter of Sir t re. ■ ± Rogers of tho 9th March, were conditionally accepted by us. subjo!. to the approval of \ our Ex 'cy in Council. j , j uj tue tloi.VT Al'I'K.VDIX. t'intmtittn Jl'Clllnrilll, ttiid 1 'orr€$- li'indrnoe If t irtrn thr <'ti!fmial Si'iTilitriinnd llii Hi(ils;)i'ii Jiti'/C'ntipiini/^ jinar (t, ihi:' aiirniiilir uf lhevesot the Company against the Canadian Government, for undertaking the construction of a road between Lake ot the Woods and the Red River Settlement without having lii.t obtained the consent of the Company. 1 no letter c.mvoying this complaint was referred to us by Earl Granville for mieh osplanataons a.s we u ere able to ufiei The correspondence on this subject is also respectfully sub- Joint AppxNnrx. Hw. lir. Cunailian ami ( 'nrrtt- /ximtencc til) {■iihmiul •Stcntiiri/iinil the tiuflHnn'.^ JSiiiK'tiniimvi, pnnr I', Ih, "i rn mirr »/ thfi'iitniHtuy'a claims. 312 of M.eir t,.nit„nal n,|.ts in Hu, ortCLand V ' T'/ '^ '"'" """ "'" "^'"•'•"•"'"•- *" 'f^"' ^'aj.^ty 'M'p.WHlufYo..rExcolloaoy,an,iror;Mcl aci.ft 1.;;'.; v"' "if '^■""*'''''" ^'•^''"••""""t. i'ov the All of which H re.i,ootn,lly «ubnutted '"'" " '^""'" '^""^'^""^>' ""^•>' '^ -•^"-'' *'> tak. Oko. K. Cautikh, Ottawa. May 8, 1809. ^m. McDouoall. Order-in . Ccjuncil K'liii.). 14th May, 1801), To tlio Honourable the Secretary of State, ^^"' ■^■'- ^'^'^' ^''"''''' ^'•^• etc., etc., etc. aovKRNMENT HoL'SE. ac.i.u.Mt.on of Rupert . Land and tho North- West Territory. OlTAWA, I7tli May, 1869. that A(!.ire.ss, to unite Rupert's Land and the VorH, w. f t • • , . ' -i— "-« <" the Parlia,„ent of Canachl authority " ' sit t H i T'lu''''' "'I ' 't""'""'' ""' ^^^"'^"^ ^« assunng Her Majesty of the willi„ine.s.s of%. Pad „n of T . " '"' ^""' ^--■"'"-^ and 30 tions of governu.ent and legislation's regardVtho:! tlrrito.^l """'' ''^ '"^'"^ "'^^ «^'''^- State for the Colonies to the GoverntGetrfofS^^^^^^ 'I ''f ""''''' "—-l-lo the Secretary of her wiliingne,s,s to con.ply with ti^pra er ; /he i . A /I" t'' "^ ''"' "' ^'"■''' l^'^^^' -S-«ed powers of governna.„ta.l/legislaion c u . no 1 • , H '■•. '/"^ ■^'" "'^'^ ^''^'^'^'^ ^'^^ ^he requisite Conipany, be transferred to l^ma la w t IT » A ' ' P^ v "'' "'"''"^' '''"•''''•• "' ^'^ «"•!-' '« ^ay V ..Imperial Parliament, and ^ ^ell^r ;^:l:;^r i;::^:'^^^^^^^^ -^^ theCoh::::tG:":^:;:!:r::^t;^^^^^^^ ^he HonourableSeerlta^^of State ^r .o for the surrender of the Hudson'.s bI; JV ! Z. '^ i' V^r"?"? "' "" P"----f--J »'y the Act w.th the Con.pany as to the tenns "of such s .r J llr wT ''" '^'' '"T^"'"' '" '"'^^'" '"^'" "'-'"tialions C^ernor-GeueraJ in Council of the Is Octobr8Gr.^LH '''"''' n^ "'^'""-'^^^ "^ - ^rder of the —- • ^.L"°t^J«&S, the Honourable Sir George Et. Cirtier, Buonet + J-urnal., Ho„«e .f Co„.., CanaUa, 1«69, p. 150 ; P.eti. to S^ats., Can.. 1872, p, 1, 21 '^i> 30 > 40 VUl. ni3 ,' Imvo sij,'ni- Ui'i' .Maji'Mty u .sMiiie, with luiit, tor tho 'isi'ii tu tiiko ;tii;i{, UALI-. ^R-GkN'KBAL mice of tlio to tlio tunns luy luimbly uspondoncc, iiont. k, I'.C. 10 lort of the 20 rritory. SGO.f session of ity would he piovi- lecitied in > j,'iant to lent, and 30 i obliga- d at the ■etary of signified requisite on'.s Bay y jiiussed "^I> and tho Honourable W iliian, MeDougull. ( '.M,, ,,,,, appoiuted a deloKati-.n to EnKhin.l. to arn„..e the terms for tl,e acquisition by Ca.iada of |{„perf.s Lan.l. and by another Order in Council of the^ame • .bite, were authorized to arrange for the admission of the Xorth-wst Territory into union with Canada either with or without Rupert's Land, as it n.ight be found prarticable an.l expedient. Ii,..nlred,-^rhat the delegates proceeded on their mission to England and entered into negotiations with l„s(,raro the Duke of ItuJungiumi and Chamb.s, the Secretary of State for tho Colonies and afterwards w.th the Right Honourable Earl Ornnvill.., his successor in oHiee, for the acquisition by Canada of the territorial and other rights clai.ued by the Hudson's Ray Company in Rupert's f.and and in any other part of H.itish North America, not comprised in Rupert's Land, Canada, or Mritish W _^oluml,ia. Ihat terms of agivement wenM.on.litionally assented to by the delegates on behalf of tho Dominion, and on their return to Canada were submitted with a Report dated Hth Ma, im\) which wa.' approved by His Excellency tlie Goyernor in Council, on the 14th day of the same nionth. ' i^,.o//r,/.— That the Senate will be prepared to concur in accepting the transfer of the territorial and ottier rights ot tho Ifudson's Bay Company in Rupert's Land, and in any other part of British ISorth America, not comprised in Rupert's Land, Canada or British Columbia, on the terms conditionally agreed to on behalf of the (Joyernment of Cana.la, by the Hon. Sir George Et. Cartim-. Baronet, and tlia lion. VVilliam McDougall.C.B, an.l , in the or.ler of their lespectiye dat.-s, ante,] Resoh-ed,— Thai this House learns with satisfaction, by letter from tho Un.ler-Secretary of State for the Colonies, of 9th March last. that, in fulfilment of tho expectations hold out in Mr. CardweU's despatch ot 17th June, 18G5, Her Majesty's rioyernment will be preparo.l to propose to Parliament that tlie Imporia guaranf-e be giyon to a loan of £300,000. the amount which is proposed to be pai.l over bv Canada on the transfer of the Company's rights. 30 Resolved, -That the Senate will bo ready to concur with tho House of Commons in an A.ldress to Her Majesty, that she will bo graciously please.], by an.l witli the advice of Her Most Honourable Privy Council under thv UGth chn.ooi '^ The RrUl.h Xorll. America Act, 1807," and the provisions of the Jmperial Act, :)1 & .'}2 Vict., cnp. 105, to unite Rupert's Land on the terms and conditions expressed in the foiogoing Resolutions, and also to unite the North-Western Territ.iry with the Dominion of Canada as prayed for by, and on tho terms and conditions contained in tho joint Address of the Senate an.l the' House of Common^. of Canada, adopted during the first session of the first Parliament of Canada and neroinbeforo reforreu to. Resol red, -That upon the transference of the territories iircpiestion to the Canadian Government itwj.lbethe u'onet. Addhess of the Senate and House of Commons of Canada to Heb Majesty the Queen.* ,, ^0 the Queen's Most Excellent Majesty. Most Gracious Sovereign,— Addre-s ■\ir -ir -M • i • Canadian CnJu) 7'r ^^ r "'"'^.V^f •^"' ""'' '"^'-^^ •^"^•J«'=ts, the Senate an.l Common.s of tho Dominion of S^rSty^ Canada m P arliament assembled, humbly approach Your Jby-ty Ibr tl,e purpose of representing : ^^^^^^ 40 ^Journals, House of Commons, Canada; 1869;pri53, I'l-refix t^. Stats., Canada, 1872, prixiiii. 1:. IH|r'' 314 ,.:::"■ .M.j»t/;'>,,;,;'„,:.,„t, I'll ; ' : 'I'^Tzii'V-'r;'' '7.::' r" "■'■"'"■''" ■" '•""' />...«.«.«<,. ,V,M-//t America Art I8r!7" «« i *i . l'")vi«iu.is ..f flu. 1 totli Sirtion of " Tfw liiitish *«,vfW;.,„,,, those turritorioM oljl'giti.ms of GuvLTuniunt «ii,| l..;,r,.slation as iv-anls thrHuamn, '^'" '"' """"•^"t of Canada to assuiiic thu ilutios aii.l ol)li.r if 1,,.,. ,>f7' . ,, """%' "VilrtT"' ^'"''*' territories. "UHg.iti.ms of Guvernmunt an,! i..;,r.slation as tiirrrndrmf lyt ,. • ■ i « i i thrl'ompony'i •■ ""l nlir Joint AiMrCSS Was illllv laid af ftiii Tiiot ,>f ♦!, . TU i .. . „ "--" from tl... Ui,ht Hunourahle ti,e He ;^^ta Tf ^ a!^ t r ^"^'1. n ^""" '^''^•i-^^'- ^'^ ''-Patch A/lreH, under date of the '>3r.l Amil 1 Sf!S s *■ . v l\ ""' ^" ^'"' ^^"^••''"'"-' '«""''d "f Canada, 10 M:^!itt,. the said Addre^ ;.^ af V /m •; H- ad:;: H^r^^' ""'^'"^^^ '' ^"'"'"'^ ^^'^'' "'" '•->- ^'^ ii^liai^i 'ation eould no, consistently 1^'^^^^^:^':^^^'''' T^r "^ ""^•^'■'""^■"^ -' '^•^- May. I8«u. Canada without an Act of Parlian e uS A f "t"" ' "''^ ^^•"I''i»y. >'^> transferred to and received Your U:,^rl:Z:L t:^^^^:'' ' '^'''" "' "^ '""^"^' ^"'"^""^"^■ C6^^^l^:^'^^-T- T'^"' '^° "^"^"^'^^•'^ the Secreta^ of State for the the surrender otirmul I Z\ :;;:;: 'W '"'vT'""" f '''' ^'"'''^ ''''''''' '^^ ^'"'^'^^ f^ with the Company as to the en. so V""' i'"'''"^^ '"' '•'""P"^^"^* ^" ""^''^^ '"^'^ n..j,.otiations and the Honourable Willia... MeDo, 'll C B ; ' ' • \^TT'" ' "" """■^'" "^^ '^''''''' ''"™"«^' 20 tenns for the acquisition by cldro'fR.nf,:;^ ^''1 1 ' ''''?'"''"" '" ''"^'''^"'' *" '^''-"oO the territorial ..'j other ";hfchc^u''H f, ""'T' l" °"""' ''."' "'" '"''""'''™ ''J' >'•""'' "' "'• len.» coii.liiimiJIv „,.,e,.a toonl.lrilp ,f .1, '""I""" ""'L Lan«.l«, or Biili.li Columl.ia, on the o»„vi„e „a i„ two »4i:t"t:;::.;;;, r;L:i'::;r: /i:^;^^^^^^^^ ■" r t.e ,„.e,„o„t rne.orr7t;;r"i::,:,i;:;:::;:ttrr::l::" f r^^^^^^^ ■»- - 40 AddrosH to ico i>f Your Vhc Uritish 1(1 mill the rity to Ic^'- liii^'iio.s.s of as ri'jTiinl.s y despatch jf Canada, 10 prayer of and Ic^ji.s- isf erred to arliament, te for tho ho Act for ^otiations ler of tlie , Baronet, 20 ran;,'e tlio tiio same li Canada with his 'terwards la of tho ny other I, on the r George 30 (Ill's Bay :celloncy lecretary of lilarl contain- i March, iGi), and s, of the 17th of 40 mperial nada on will be d well- I advice ca Act, on the pn 31.-, h iftTl . T^ • 'T'" "' ^'■"^"'' <■"'■ ^y ""^* "» *'•" ^•"•'"■'' •">•' ^-n-litions .•on.ain.d in ...ir !2r , ' "''' ""■ "'' ""'"" •'^ ^''*' «^^^ ''-'i-'-tof this Dominion, and hereinhef The Senate, Monday, May 31, 1801). House of Commons, Ottawa, May 2!>, 1809. JosEivf Cauchon, JaMKS t;(X.'KBlIUN, Speaker. Upeaket: DOMINION ACT, .rj-;j3 VIC, (lAP. 3,(1800). An Acr ,ou t,ik Tk.mi-ouauy (Iovkknmkxt ok Rvvy.HYs Land and t..k Noutu-Wksteun VKttm- TOUY \VIIK.\ C.MTKI) WITH CANADA. D li i n of'^ili: , f"''';f ^"^'"''^ '""' '^"•' ^"" North-Westeru Territory into the Union o iJom.n.on of C.inada, hoforo the n.xt Se.ss.on of the Canadian Pariian.ent ; And whereas it is expedi- ent to prepare or the transfer of the said territories fronUhe local anthonties to the Co e „." of G^^ve nntn an I ''l"; ■;'";' T"'n^ ""''' '""" '^""'"'"'^ arran^en.onts can be mJde by the 20of the S nlln M^ (^'anada Therefore ller Majesty, by an.l with the advice and consent ^U ot the Senate and House of Commons of Canada, enacts as follows : TerriLie'"-''''^ ^"'"*'"'' ""'"'" ''''"''*'''*^ ^' '^''■"'^'^•' '''*" ^" ^^^'''"'^^ '^"'^ '^"°^" '^^ " '^'1'^' North-West 5. All the laws in force in Rupert's Land and the North-Wostern Territory, at the time of their rtbn";^! arr''^"; h"''''';""*^'""'. "^'"'^^^^ "^ by the Queen under the 146th theLi^2^^^^^^ T"" '" ^'"•- ""*'' -^'tered by the Parliament of Oana.lH, or by tno liieutenant-Governor under the authority of this Act. TerriL^atte'ti !!"?.)"' 'T'""""'''' 'f """ "'"" '" ^'"'^'^'^ ^-'^ ^"'' *^^' North-We.stern 30 L ^T ; 1 •" *';?"• '^t'"'r™ ";*" ''"^ ^•"'^"' ^•^'^^^P*'"- t^'« P"^''''^ "f«-- «'• functionary at Norl W^^^^^^^^^ ^^ P"'^''^ "^i-- -<" .unctionaries of'th S. ;Jnfn ^^^^^^ "^^ TV * ^'""" ^"''^" '"'"• P""^'^^ as before, until otherwise ordered by the Lieutenant-Governor, under thi .ority of this Act. 7. This Act shall contin , m force until the end of the next Session of Parliament. Joint Al'PKNIllX. «•■<•, rri. riin>ii/ifi)i /llldllllllllll, anil CtirrtM- juinilfncr ortwirit the Cnlmial Si V n lit r II and thr fitlihiitl^g iiilft Cnui/ifini/ priiir In Ihr mirnnilir nf Ihi I'idhihui'd'i I'liiinm. Doniiiiion Aut, .'la-M Vic, Clip. 3, imo. DEED OF SCRRENDER OF RUPERT'S LAND, 19th NOVEMBER, 18G9. TuE GOVER.VOU AND Company OF Adventurkus OF Enqland trading into Hudson's Bay to Her Majesty Queen Victohia.* To all whom these presents shall come unto, or concern, the Governor and Company of Adventurers of England trading into Hud.son' Bay, send greeting. ^^^^^'^^*''«7;^«»^'^™or^^'l Company were e.stablished and Inco^^ „, 40 The Governor and Company of Adventurers of England trading : nto Hudson's Bay," by letters pTt ent -'-'h.'b gj-anted by H.s late Majesty King Charles the Second, in the twenty -.second year of his reign wh b y Saje!!? «" His said Majesty granted unto the said Company and their .successors the sole trade and co. nTerc Tf f^^™ all those seas, straits, bays, rivers, lakes, creeks and sounds in whatsoever latitude they should be tha ay within the entrance of the straits commonly called Hudson's Straits, together with all the lands and teiTitor^up^^^ ,,,^^^^^ lakes, rivers, creeks, and sounds ♦Prefix to 8tat»., Canada, 1872, p. Ixxvii. sin .ToiNT AplK'IKli.V Sw. III. iifumsaiil, tliat wore not .tlroa.Iv actimll possessiMl l.y tlie subjects ..f any „tl..T ( •l.ristian r ivckonod ami ru|.iite(l a.s one of H y |)ossc.s.s('(l liy, or !-rant.o.' to. tl rtl any of His Majesty's siilijcot.s, 'mice or State, and that tlio sai.l land .■^liouid be fi or om ''/C!Z,,. K„j„.,f, j^^^,„i . ^ ,,, „,,;■;, ,■:'„■::;; "^ ";". 7 ""* ^^^-U^^ty « plantMtlons ..r c,.,„nios in America, called ';"'U::r- andtl.oirsnm^so t 1 ,, ■ T ' '""'"'":'' '^""«^''^"'-' ^'- -1.1 Governor and Conipany 1' -iHMs.savn.^r tl.ola.tl., allegiance and sovereign -lon.inion due to His said IS sudi lights (jf iroveriinienf, nnr f.t i,.r .. ,,l,t ;..:i i ,., ^ ■' l>o...iof,s„r- «""'^''""l'<"i''' trade and coininerce as therein n.enfinn.wl „. 1 1 — ■'.^— — -'.^..g..u uieieni f «"■ Kiviio.., ,n.,.uo., t„„c„i»,, po„;::,;;::,;;;,;;;: r X ™::r: ■:;; : ;t e '""" '«"" Majwty, < "iiilianv have exercise.l >»• ..>.>.n,.,.. 1 ..; w c . "^ o""'"">'i'"l the said dovernor anc lltth Noveni. , ■ "' ■'•^''"'"''' "o'lt'^ofKOVernnieiit n othernarK nf K,.;*;.i. m *i a *'/"■■■'"/ .". their successors such rLd, s f "'"----.;'"• J,^''ante.i to the said Governor and C( >"■""■'"'><■. , -"yi^"^^ su(h lights of government and other rights Liivih-rcs and lil...wl,., f.,. - " .-«rr-m/,,-„/ aiid autior ( cs in Runerf's Tnn,l .,.. M. >^ • ■ . ' "^ ni)eities, tranc, i -es, nowora '/»<',„„/,„„,/., '""""' '^"I't-'tx L,anil as therein exiiresse(. Aiu wh(>reas ever sin,... il, . in* >■ ,\ ■. r/«,M». 'etterspati.'nt the siiil r!nv..i-.„,i. o„ i < ' i »'"" '"'"-i^ ivti since the date of the said and :a, not North America Act' I8(i7 "iris 7., ;"':;' "';,". """'"" ^ '>""'""a. And whereas l,y the " iiritish ' "o"''-'. I'nviiLge.s, iiDeities, tranchises, powersaiid autior ties whatsoever ,M-n„t„ i ^ 2 s nt"' '"?" 71 -t''or.ties. and all the lands and territories (exeepl and d.^ '" has been efR.ted and accept., under the provisions of the last j;Si^tru.e :1, IZ^ Land may be adiintte.l into the Union of the J)oniinion of Canada pursuant to he Tl 7f ".-ti.med Acts or one of them. And whereas fhe said terms ^^^Zn^ TJ^^tZ .0... agreed that the said surrender is t. be made by the said (love-nor an^Corpany ^0 a" m the following articles designated as the Company) to Her said Majesty are .s follcfw. It " ^^ 1. The Cana.lian Government shall pay to the Company the sum "f £1>yno{)0 ^tprli , wV Rupert"« Land is transferred to tJie Dominion of Canada ' "■" ""^'"^ 4( s subjects, or :)iilil 1)0 from U'rica, callod nd C()in|)iiny '.>}» iiforo.saiil, to His said inpaiiy and ises, powers of the said flit thereby 10 )tli('r ri<,'hts. vonior and iniurica, not le " IJritish ler present ■able Privy tlie Nortli- iis and eon- ;o the pro- n<,'st otlier 20 >f tlie lands ill be com- lajesty, by the lands 2d or pur- ert's Land, I the said ir Maje.sty iiuinion of je.sty from hq 1 America iverninent hatsoever ly within provided tinning to y Queen the said at behalf ••ivileges, 4,, subject anteil by by tiio Rupert's urrender Hupert's inliefore it has i'ho are that is '50 f I, whoa 317 or M^ '^1- ^"""P'^"-^ ^" '■^'^';"\'^" ^''« l'"'^^'* o'- •'^t'^tions now actually possessed and occupied by them may mt'T' T "^ I " ,v "'i '" ""'"'"'^ '"'"' "" '" "'^ "^'"•'' ^"''' "^ '^'•'^'^'' N'"-^'' A— •ica.und may w. I Ml twelve mont ,s after the acceptance of the said surrender select a block of land adjoining B t sh Colu„.b,a m contornuty, except as regards the lied lliver Territory, with a list made out by the Company and communicated to the Canadian Ministers, being the list in the annexed sche.lule liie actual .surv(!y is to be proceeded with, with all C(,nveni..nt speed. 3. The size of each block is not to exceed in the Red River Territory an amount to be „.■. .d „pon between the Company an.l the Governor of Cana.la in Council. 10 4. So far as the configuration of the country a.lmits, the blocks shall front the river or road by w ;!c ! 7T . ''''T n" '"'?''''"'"' "'"' •'''"^" '"' '^PP''"-i""^t^'Iy in the shape of parallelograms, and of which the frontage shall not be more than half the depth. 5, The Company may. at any time within fifty years after such acceptance of tlie said surrender, cam. m any township or district within the fertile belt in which land is set out for settlements, granta lot and h c'"'' " 7"^^^""^"'*'' }rY ''^"'' "^ ""'' ''''• ^''•' '''"^•'^■'' «" "'-'"'t^l t" ^- cletermintd by an'aeie 't'^'IT''^ ^" '"^>' \ f^^'^^^ ^^-- "^ ^he survey expenses, not exceeding eight cents Canadian shin oidist i". r^^T '""\f Z " '""''"' '^ '''"'■ '■'»''' °^ ^'"''"'"^ *'"^"- P™I-''t-» «f <^-l' town- allot. retom^ '' '^ •"' "'^■•^"^ ''''''■ '■''''" --^ ^« "'-ted to an allotment f.oni the lands remaining unsold at the time they declare their intention to make it. ^" bv tlf ■ I r*^T TJT'^'T "^ ,"" ^''' "1''^' *''" ''•^''"•^ ^^''* '■'' *" '''^ ^"""^•'^'l '^^ f"»°^« =-0n the south by th U.n ed Suites boun.lary ; on the west by the Rocky Mountains ; on the north by the northern ':i::Z:i:^::^:^-^'''-'^ ontHeeastl^Lake Winnipeg.the Lake of the ^oods. and th: Sn J; i'^''"^ township shall be formed abutting on the north bank of the northern branch of the Saskatchewan River he Company may take their one-twentieth of any such township, which for the purposes of this article, shall not exten.I more than five miles inland from the riv ' givin.: to 1 oH^Zu^Zrr^V 'T'''' "' "" ^"""" "''"'''' *^""''"° ^" ^''"'" "'^ ^*>--hips esrablished on tlie soutliern bank of ihe said river. 8. In laying out any public roads, canals or other public works, through any block of land reserve.l 30 the Company, the Canadian (Jovernment may take, without cumpensatLn, sl.ch land as is neeerary or the purpose, not excee.hng one-twenty-fifth of the total acreage of the block ; but if the Canadian Government require any land which is actm.Ily under cultivation, which has been built upon, or w J s neccssaiy tor giving the Company's servants access to any river or lake, or has a frontag' t lu y e' or lake, the said Government shall pay to the Company the fair yalue of the same, ami .shall make compensation for any injury done to the Company or their servants. 9. It is understoo.l that the whole of the land to be appropriated Avlthin the meanincr of the las* preceding clause, shall be appropriated for jtublic purposes. '' 10. All titles to land up to the eighth day of March, one thousand eight hundred and sixty-nine- conferred by the Company, are to be confirmed. ^ 40 11. The Company is to be at liberty to carry on its tra.le without hindrance in its corporate capacity and no exceptional tax is to be placed on .he Company'.s land, trade, or servul Tra^,; 12. Canada is to take over the niaterials of the electric teleg.-aph at cost price; such price includinir transport, but not i.icludiug interest for n.oney, and subject to a deduction forascert.uned'deteHorau"n be wltlidllw,!:""^'"''' '''"" ^ ^"""^ "''^" '" '^'■''"'*^"^ '^^'''''- Vankough..et and Hopkins is to 14. Any claims of I.idians to compensation for lands renuirod fn.. r.,...«n™ „f ,-x.i^^,„, i n u di,p„„,l „n,y t„o C«na,U.„ „„v„„„,:„,t i„ o.. ,„i»ti„„Vith tl,. L.irt. Ool^r^' ^ . : 50 Company »l„ll U rdievcd ot all rcapoiwibility in rapcct ot 11,™,. «rainom , ana tM tloiNT Appendix. St!C. III. ('aiiacc'(l of Sur- ri'iuliT, H. H. Co., to WvT Maji'Hty, lUtfi Novoni- biT, IbUU. it ,3.'' 4. 318 Joint Appendix. Sec. Iir. Caiuidian and (.hrreg- poiulfnce between the (*f>fntU(ll Seerelaruaml the Httdmn's BaiiiUimfianPf prior to the surretuter nf thef'omiHitit/ii ctaim,t. Correspond- ence and Papers — Deed of Sur- render. H. B. Co. to Her Majesty, mth Novem- ber, 180!). Bun-oncler being accepted pu^slntt^h^^^^^^^^^ "" --^'*-" «^ ^^is hereby surrender to the Queen's Most GradurMZtv 11 ht W U 7 "" '"' "^"'"P^"^ '^^ privileges, liberties franchises nowpr« ™'^"; *^.^J''«'^3'' '^1' ^^e riglits of government, and other rights. and also all similar ri'hts which „iav wlbr P"^'°\'^^^^''* ^"^'^ ^^'^^^7 Ki .g Charles the Second ; Con.pany in any parts of Bltth Norfh !>""^ ^^^\«™«d «>• assumed by the said Governor and the said terms and conditions n.entioned^ Jn.n J . ^ ^ ^^""^ ^'^''P* ""^ ^^^J^^^ as in Con.pnny by the said let rfpZ it 1" K ^''T"^'^^ ^' ^'"""'"^ '« '^' '^^^ Governor and of England^radingir Hudson' ■ Bav have h T' *'' fr'""'' '''' ''°'"P'^"^ '' Adventurers nineteenth day of Novem^-tTtlf^Ld^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ «-' ^ ^^ ^«-^. *^e THE SCHEDULE ABOVE REFERRED TO. Northern Department, RopRni's Land. English Rirer SMkktchewan Cumberland . Swan River Red River. I«Ie a la Crosse. . Rapid River Portage la Loche Green Lake Cold Lake Deer's Lake Edmonton House Rocky Mountain House. Fort Victoria ... St. Paul Fort Pitt '.■.'.' Battle River ...'.....! Carlton House Fort Albert .... Whitefish Lake ....'.'.['. Lac La Biche ■'.'.....,'.'.'.'.'..'. Fort Asaineboine , , Lesser Slave Lake ..,. Lao Ste. Anne Lac la Nun St. Albert '.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'. Pigeon Lake Old White Mud Fort. . .' ." [IWlll'."" 60 6 100 '^^ ^^ "'"' *"'' *"'' "' Portage. 10 6 3,000 600 3,000 3,000 3,000 3,000 3,000 3,000 600 1,000 60 600 600 600 1,000 100 60 190 acres in English River District. Cumberland House... Fort la Cocue Pelican Lake ,.'.'.' Moose Woods . . The Pas ;;.;; Moose Lake Grand Rapid Portage '. Fort Pelly . . . Fort Ellice Q'Apiwlle Lakes . Touchwood Hills . Shoal River Manitobah Fairford 26,700 acres iu Saskatchewan District. 100 8,000 60 1,000 26 60 100 60 acres at each end of Portage. *.32fi acres in Cumberland District. 8,000 3,000 2,!m 600 60 60 100 Upper Fort Garry and Town of Win-' nipeg Lower Fort Garrr rinoii'idini» ii,. VL^ I llie Company now have under" culti- j Whiu Horse Plain! ,".'.'.'.'. J 9,200 acres in Swan River District. fSuch nnmtioF nl •»... .. ■ . between the Company and the GoTernot of Canada in Council. 319 I of the agrec- isions of the [ition of this Company do other rights, :cl to the said I the Second • rovernor and f Canada, or 10 ubject as in overnor and Adventurers i affixed, the Acres of Land. Manitobab Lake Fortaire la Frairie Lac la Fluie Y.irk. Norway House . Fort Alexander F(jrt Frances Kagld's Nest Big Island , Lac (In lionnet Rat Portage Slioiil Lake Lake of the Woods . WhitefiHli Lake . . . . Knglish Kiver Hungry Hall Trout Lake Clear Water Lake . , Sandy Point 1,050, York Factory . Clnirchill . . . . . Severn .... Trout Lake.. . Oxford Jackson's Bay. God's Lake . . , Island Lake . ., Norway House , Berens River . . Grand Rapid . . Nelson's River . SOO 500 20 20 20 60 20 50 20 20 20 20 20 20 1,300 acres in^Lac La Fluie Diitriot. 100 10 10 10 100 10 10 10 100 25 10 10 age. strict. Total in Northern Department Albany. East Main. Moose . . . . Ru[)ert'i River . Southern Dei.artment, Rcpkrt's Land. Albany Factory i Martin's Falls Osnalnirg Lao Seul ' >istrict. « .. Einogumissee. Little Whale River (ireat Whale River Fort George Moose Factory Hannah Bay Ahitilii ' New Br\inswick Rnjwrt's.House Miflt.Tsaing Teniiska:nay , . . WoBwonaby Mechiskun PikeLak-j Nitchetjuou Kamapiscan .... 100 10 25 500 50 60 25 100 10 10 25 Matawagamique, Kuckatoosh riot. Total in Southern Department 50 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 50 10 Superior J'emiscamingua . Labrador ct. Bgrrrtl upon B QoTcrsot Montreal Department, Ritket's Land. Ix)ng Ijako I jQ Kakababeagino i i ! i !!!!!!!! I 10 Fort Nascopie OutiKwts, ditto .'. Fort Chimo (Ungava) , South River, Outposts . (ieorge'a River Whale River . . . Ni=rf.!,'= Uiver ■;. False River Tot»l in Muotreal De|>artment , 280 ;i4S 42,170 aerei. 635 125 145 120 60 1,085 tcTtm. 20 75 25 100 30 50 60 25 26 400 aere*. .ToiNT Appkndix. Sec. IIL C'anailian aiui i'orres- iirtiirrn Ihr ('(jlnnial Srcntitrit nrvl tfti' Jludwn'it Jiiii/Ci'iHimn!/, priiir to the aurrinilcr of tht' diwifany't claims. De«'d of Sur- render, H. B. Co. to Her Majesty, ISIth Novem- ber, 1869. 320 Joint Artxumx. Soc. Iir. I'd Haitian and Carres- lirtwccH the Colonial fl N„rtl,-W..,tc,„ Territory ir.to II,; U„^„ " n°„:°" r .■ , "i °"' "'''"" ""''«"'' ^'"^ »"'' '1" . Province, wi.iel, ,,,„„ }„ „„» , e Pr" vT,"!" tl J r"""''"' "^ ""f *« '""""> »'" "' "- «"■• the Provi„e,. of ManitoW, anj le ,,o,,,,L :,",,! ' t , "T! ''•"""' "":' "'■"" ""'"" '« "'"^ tl,e „.eri.lia„ of „i„otv-si.v .k-rees we,t lon..il„ e T™ , , ^' """""«""'« "' "'« P«int »liere decree, nortl. l,.tit,„i;; t..™: due::! ! 'te : irir'',"';" T"'' "^1"'™"" "' '"'>■"- 20 /which form- 3 r.nrt;-T, fti, u 7 - " '^"^ '^'"" I'liniJIcl <,f fortv-mno ih"'ri-(iH north lafif,,-!- (wh.ch form, a portion of the boundu.y in. betweea ti.o Uaite-l States of An.enca-an^rthetld North! 30 40 321 parallel of m'l^.olTZZ »1X r , wf 'f' ',° "'° '""■""*'»" "' "'» »"'« «"> "'« fifty Jogrc™.LtM,-,;"„„tf:„:rr.«„rt:;;^ * =„ccJ„cca,t al„„g «,„ ,ai.l p.„,l,e, „, west lo„situ,l. to the ^la^oTCting " " "" '"" ""' ""''''''" "' "'"'"^■"- '''S'-' which aro i„ t™„» maJn l W iTu 1 t'""'" '^'''' ""•" =''""• ""'l* "'»'« r"" «»":»f 10 only to affect or„rl„r to oTrc lol ° fT''^"'''. '''' '"''' " ''° 'P"™"^ ""l"'™"" '»■ " :ri:;r„rtftr;r:i3"'^^^^ p.y.cc^„f Ma.tohai:^;r:i:;:L%z:^^^^^^^^^^^^^ ■= » - Do„,i„ta„, auhje'raar^t J r r^^^ "'° «»™'-|;'"™' "f Oana.la for the purpose, of th, ;.t.™»^.ia.thoa.r.:l^^^^^^^^^^ Lieutenant-Governor sralllectuch iZ 1\ T ™''' .'^ *^" Governor-Oeneral in Council, the .a the Oo.ernor.reS:;"^^;^™: ^^Mt: ^ S^; "' '" """"'"' '"^ °''""'™ Of thf Jr„':;:r,:i':y^ tte:'"',rr^:r.'r-i'ir!!""' '- "" ^'°"'"- ''- "-»* •— '»- freehold by «n,„t fromjho cX ' ' ' '"' ""^ "" °™'"' '"' '""''""' '""■ "» •»'»'« i" .n„'.°R.J*p"''"* '" "''^ '^'* ''"" '" '"y "'y ?"=>■"«« "' •"'»' ">« riRlil' or propertiw of the Had *»iid'j„erM'^':ii;~'""'-^ '- ''- """"""^ ""^^ *- "-^^ ^0.14 .crL'Ra",:': ineluded tlllftolTrlf Z'i'tlt" V'T"" "^"'J ';'" *» *"'>-W"'«™ Tcm'ory, ., i, not in thfnow z: :r tt'i-i^nsr/.i'z' Act 1 1 °x r "-t"' °' ^"""•'"' f--" 41 ' *-n"wea AH Act tor the lemporary Government of Rupert's .folNT Ari'KNDlX. Sec. in. ''anadian- J>ocumcnt>, ftn/l Corret- /miulcnce the i'otnnial Seeretarti arul the HiuUon't priur to the surrcriUir of the Companj/'t claims. Dominion Act, .S3 Vic, Cap. 3, 1870. Joint acpundix. Sec. III. Cantiiliiin Doeumtnts, ami (,\>rrea- pondence between the Colunial Secretarii and the Hii(htin^8 priur to the turrender of tht(\nnpany^8 cUiiiim, 322 Land, and the North-West..rn Territory when united with Canadu," is hereby re-enacted, extended and continued in force until the first day of Janui.ry, 1871. and until the end of tlie session of Parliament then next succeeding. Report Min- ister Justice (Can.). 2Uth December, 1870. Report of the Minister of Justice (Canada).* Department of Justice, Ottawa, Dec. 29th, 1870. The undersigned has the honour to report to Your Excellency that during the last session of the Canadian Parliament, while the Act 33 Vic, cap. 3. providing for the estabii.shinent and government of the Province of xManitoba was under consideration, tiie question was raised as to the power of Parliament to pass the Act, and especially those of its provisions which gave the right to the Province to have 10 representatives in the Senate and House of Commoms of the Dominion. " Tlie British North America Act, 18G7." provides that: " The Queen in Council on address from the Houses of Parliament of Canada, may admit Rupert's Land and the North-Western Territory, or either of them, into the Union on such terms and conditions as are in the address expres.sed. and as the Queen thinks fit tr approve, subject to the provisions ofthia. Act; and any Order in Council in that behalf shall have effect as if it had been enacted bv the Parlia- ment of the United Kingdom." The address, which was passed by the Parliament of Canada, contained no provisions with respect to the future government of the country, the only terms and conditions contained in it beinort Min- inter JuHtice, (Can.), U'Jth l)ecomber, 1870. ions give a id make no Commons. k m; 1 in ■UK 1 l: 2( SC 40 IV. And Other Proceedincw, After the Hudson's Bay Company's Surrender. Minute of Council (Ontario), approved by the Lieutenant-Governor on the 19th September, 1871.* The Committee of Council have had under consideration a communication of the Secretary of State for the Prov.nccs, dated 31st July last, in reply to Your Excellency's despatch of the 17th of the same month, ,n relation to the appoint.nent of a Commiasion, one member of which should be appointed by 10 the Dominion, and the other by the Ontario Government, to determine the boundary line between the Province of Ontario and the North- West Territories, in which the Secretary of State announces that i-ugene L. luchd, Lsquire, of the city of Quebec, lias been named, on the part of that Government as Its Commissioner for that purpose, and the recommendation of the Honourable the Attorney-General dated 18th September, 1871, in respect thereto. ^ »■ > The Committee advise that a --^...issioner, to act for and on behalf of the Ontario Government, be appointed by Your Excellency, to confer with and act in the premises with the Dominion Com- missioner, and they further respectfully advise that it be an instruction to the said Commissioner to report concerning the western as well as the northern boundary of this Province, and the territory of Uie Dominion, and that the Honourable William McDougall, C. B.. be the said Commissioner for this 20 Province. Certified. J. Q. Scott, Toronto, 18th September, 1871. ^' '^' ^' Joint Appkndiz. SeTTv. ITegntiationt between ('an- ada and Ontario and other proceed- inga, after the Budaon^a Buy (Jovipany'a turrender. Ortler in Coun- cil (Ontario), lUth Sfliitom- ber, 1871. The Lieut. - (ioviTuor (Ont.), toth« St'cretary of State (Can.), 2iiit Septem- ber, 1871. The Lieutenant-Governor of Ontario to the Secretary of State (CANADA).t Government House, Toronto, 21st September, 1871. Sir,— With reference to correspondence that has parsed on the subject of a Commission to settle the boundary line between Ontario and the North-West Territories, I now have the honour of informing 30 you that I have appointed the Hon. William McDougall, C.B., etc., etc.. Commissioner on behalf of this Province, to co-operate with Mr. Tache, the nominee of His Excellency the Governor-General in Council. I have the honour to be. Sir, Your obedient servant, The Hon. the Secretary of State, Ottawa, The Acting Under-Secretary of State (Canada), to the Lieutenant-Governor. { Department of the Secretary of State for the Provinces, Ottawa, 2Gth September, 1871. Sir,— I have the honour to acknowledge the receipt of your despatch of the 21st instant, stating, UnderS 40 with reference to previous correspondence on the subject, that you ha-l annninted the Hon, Wiilis^- tlrylc^XM — ' ■ ^^ '" ' Lieut.-Gov- • Sess. Papers, Ontario, 1873, No. 44, p. 4. i Ibid, p. 5. X Sea. Paper* , Ontario, 1873, No. 44, p. 5. ernor, 2Uth Set 187 September, ■871. 326 Joint ArpiMoix. Seo. IV. Nrgotiatiiina hetwrrn Can- atia and Ontftno, and other prtieced- inin, after the Hudnm't Hay Company't turrtndcr. McDougall. C.B.,aCommi3sionoronbehalfofthe Province of Ontario, to co-operato with the Com- missioner appointed by the Dominion Government to determine the boundary lino between that Province and the North- West Territories. I have the honour to be, Sir, Your obedient servant, G. Powell, Hon. W. P. Howland, C. B.. . ^"' "'" ^"'^«'-^«'^''«<«'^- Lieutenant-Governor, Toronto. Heport of f.il OenniH, l»t Octolwr, 1B71. Report of Col. Dennis, Dominion SuRVEYOR-QE^fERAL, prepared at the request of Sir John lo A. Macdonald.* Ottawa, Ist October, 1871. Remarks on the question of the boundary between the Province of Ontorio and tiie Doninion Lands or North-West Territories. 1. The above limit is identical with the westerly boundary of the Province of Quebec as the same was fixed in the Quebec Act in 1774. 2. In describing the boundary of Quebec, in the Act referred to, having commencfd at the Bay of Chaleurs and continued westerly to the north-west angle of the Province of Penn.sylvauia, it goes on in the following language : " And tiience along the western boundary of the said Province (Pennsylvania) \iiitil it .strikes the River Ohio, and along the bank of the said river westward to tlie banks of the oq Mississippi, and northward to the southern boundary of the territory granted to th« Merchant Adven- " turera of England trading to Hudson's Bay." 3. The above phraseology (underlined), in describing the westerly boundary of Quebec, has been, and is still, inter[)reted in different ways according to the private opinions or prejudices of parties. 4. Those interested in locating the boundary of Ontario an far as possible to the west, argue that the term " to the banks of the Mississippi avJL northward to the southern boundary of the tcrrUory, etc., etc.;' means that in going northward, the banks of the Mississippi are to be followed to its source,' and that they were in fact so intended in the Act. 5. On the other hand, it is contended, in the interest of the Dominion, that the language " to the banks of the Mississippi," simply means to the banks of the said river at the point where il; is'joined by gn the Ohio, and the words which follow, " and northward to the southern boundary, etc.," was intended to be construed as upon a due north line. 6. There is no evidence forthcoming which would show clearly what was intended by the Act, and in considering the question, therefore, we are left to draw conclusions from co-relative circumstances ; a consideration of these have led the writer to believe that a due north line from the forks of the Ohio was intended as the westerly boundary of Quebec, in support of which he would submit :— 7. Had such not been the intention, that is to say, had it been intendeil that the Mississippi River should be the west boundary, inasmuch as the evident intention to make the Ohio River the southern boundary, west of Pennsylvania, was thus definitely expressed : " and along the banks of the said river we.'^tward to the banks of the Mississippi-;' then such intention would have been expressed in corres- .^ ponding terms, that is to say, the boundary would have been described aa " northward along tU hanks of the Mississippi, etc., etc., etc;' 8. This argument ha.s the more force from the fact stated as follows :— The Bill, as submitted to the House, described the boundaries as " heretofore part of the territory ot Canada in North America, extending southward to the banks of the River Ohio, westward to the banks of the Mississippi, and northward to the southern boundary of the territory granted to the Merchant Adventurers, etc., etc." 9. Mr. Burke, in the interests of the Provinces of New York and Pennsylvania, moved in amend- * Report, Hou«e of CominoM (CaniuU) Committee, 1880, p. 1. 10 20 30 40 the Com- vvvn tLftt \tary. 3iR John lo 1871. Doninion the same Bay of oes on in sylvania) :s of the £0 ! Adven- las been, iies. gue that tory, etc., iirce, and J " to the oined by 30 ended to Act, and ancos ; a .he Ohio pi River southern ',id river 1 corres- ^q 'i£ banks litted to America, ppi, and , etc." amend- 387 inont (tlio House beini't(ib«r, 1871. 328 Joijrr Afhknipi: or Lac dps Fort«, etc. ;" and it will probably bo urged in favour of this view that tli i ,,.,,,, I Krant to tlio Coin- ^-^^ pany only covered such lan.is an.l ti.nit.,rieH a. were not already aclually p.mse.ssed by tho .subi.,..tH of J\r,,;„<,„„v„„ «".V '"'«'• Christian Pnnce or Stuto." an.l tiiat inumnuch as tho country to the Houth of the ranire of !;r:;:/'""- »"KI' i";i«l'Htdt...cribt.dw«HconHi.!erodtobolon;,' to Franco, that tberof-.ro Kin^ Charles would irive ^m'*;';'^,:;','. '!°, "" '" ""^'^^ **" ''"• °"^ ^'^"' ""'• *'"'"^'" "'^ ""^P^' («"° » ^n^ <-') ««•« ••'^foned to in sui-port of thi. intfn, after the ^'l^'^^-. .'irr';;^" , J J^ ", ""^^ ""P"''^''"* *o '"^••"^'^'^ t''i« viow, if it is concc.led that a duo north lino from tho forka of the Ohio bounds Ontario to the w.sf ; as in such .-ase th- height .,f land would bo intentoctod just (•itDber, i«n. J^l, m''- no'tl'-^'f^fc of Lake Nipigon at a point about which there can bo very little .lispute. 22. rr. on the other hand, the contention of Ontario is allowed, that is tu say. that tho bnnks of 10 tho Mi,s.s.Hs,ppi Kho.dd be follow...! to their source, an.l that a line shoul.l be .Irawn thence duo north to intersect the height of lan.l allu.io.l to in paragraph 20. then the westerly boundary woul.l e.xtond over 300 nules north of the Lake of tho Woods, and the Province would be made to include a territory which, as regards form and extent. cmiI.I not, in the opinion of the undersigned, have been at all contemplated or intended at the ( .o of passing the Quebec Act. 23. But the undersigned assumes, on the strength of opinions to such effect, given by eminent counsel to whom the question had been submitted, that the " southern boun.lary of tho territ.,ry granted to the Mercliant Adventurers of England trading to Huds..n's Bay" was. and is, tho height of lan.l boun.hng the witershed of the basin of Hudson's Bay ; and, even admitting that tho banks of tho MissLssippi to the source of the said river, were intended by the Act, a .lue n.utli line from the latter 20 woul.l. m the course of a very few miles, intersect such height of laml.as tho .same is in tho immediate vicinity of the source of the Mississippi, and between it and tho Lake of the Woods, the wate.-s in which latter dram into Hudson's Bay. • f 1, ^^ ?%°?'^ ^"''■'^''•^' ^^'f '■»'■''' '""'"'^"^ ^y ^''° '1"""""° °^ *^« «^»« no'-th boundary from the forks of the 01.10, as against the Mississippi, as the boun.huy. is that col.,ure.i yellow on tho tracing marke.l A herewith, shown as contained between the due north line from the forks of the Ohio an.l the curved line defining the height of lan.l t., the south and west; because even construing the west limit of Ontario in the Quebec Act as the banks of the Mi.ssi.ssippi, an.l a line ort of this n tho forks sectod just 3 bnnks of 10 10 north to ild oxtond a territory leen at all y eminent ry gmuteil it of hviid iks of tho tlu) latter 20 immediate watora in from the le tracing io and tlie west limit source of teri'itory, t of land 30 infirming, iption by following better for shown on e ground, facilitate 40 JNI8. inister of 329 F.—Kx tract— Charter H. B. Co.. 1670. H.-ExtrHct-B.,uchette'. HLstory of Canada, describing Ix-undarien (1832). l.-Ex rac -Opnuon o( Judges on boundary, from Do Roinhards trial, ft..— Extract— Commi,s.sion to Uuy L'arlcton. 1780. L.— Extract— King's Proclamation, 17tJ3. 10 The LiKUTENANT-aoVKRNOR OK ONTARIO TO THE SECRETARY OF STATE, CANADA.* Government Hoise, Q,„ w»i e . Toront.., (5th January, r.72 Cou,,.. H~ r Vl 't""'""" , y"""" ^''^"^^ ^'^*"'' "^"t^ November, covering a copy .,( a report of a Comm.ttoe of the Pr,vy Council making certain recommendations a.s to the issuf of patrnt „ th! neighbourhood ot Lake Shobandowan, „n.I urging tho early settlement of th. boundary nuio not be transmitted for the consideration of ', . . Oo. , , ament of tho Province at the earliest moment ^ i Ive the honour to be, Sir, Your obedient servant, The Hon. the Secretary of State (or Uu iVwinces, ^'^ ^- "^^^^^D. Ottawa. Jomr Afpindii, Sec. IV. Ntgotinlwui I'HtDtfn Can- atla nnd Untarin, and othfr firiierrd- ini/i, after IK$ iJmt»m*i Bay Comftany'i turrmtltr. Lieut. Oov- ernor (Ont.), to Hecr«t»rT c)f State (Can.), 6th Janusrr, 1872. The Secretary of State to the LiEUTENANT-aovERNOR.t Department of the Secretary of State for the Provinces. Ottawa, llth January, 1872. S,R,.-I have the honour to acknowledge the receipt of your despatch" of 'thrVthTnst'mt.Tn'^eply Sec.u.ol s in relerence to the locating of the boundary line between the S'«t«(Can.). nice of Ontario Tif-nr flio Iioo.l „r r.i.., <.> • , to Lieut.- ^%°oHbVVT" ^f '^ N«7™^^-';^J-t. •" --rence r,o tne locating of the boundary line between the «'«t«<^-l thata"dTlof''"C -''("V'^ ^-""'T ""' «'"-•'«•-- ^^« ^-d of Lake SupeHor. and r^l^t ng f^"!;; :^wian:L;::r r;:^i:t:. """^^"'" ""—' '- '^^ ^^--'-^ ^^^^^-^ - £-■ ^ I have the honour to be, Sir, Your, obedient servant, Hon. W. P. Rowland, C.B., Joseph Howe. Lieutenant-Governor, Toronto. 40 Report of the Minister of Justice, Canada.J p , , . , Ottawa, llth March, 1872. Keference having been made to the undersigned of the Onler in Council of tho 9Stl, N , Mu^ernor or untauo on such Order in Council, ho begs leave to report :— 1872. • S=ss, Pspcrs, Ontario, 1375, ISo. 44, p. 5. tSesa. Papers, Ontario, 1873, No. 44, p. 7. J Home of Common* Return of 19th March, 1881, No. 37, p. 4. 33)0 .TomT AppRNinx. .S..p. I V. Neitoliatinni hrtirrrn f'tin* rt(/ii and t>ntnno, nnil othrr prnrrni- inil», ttfirr the Huilum'i Ihty turrrnilrr. R«|iortof Mill- inter of JuK- tioe (Can.), 11th March, Wi. Tliat (ho Lieuteiiant-Oovernor, in lii.s dospatch of Uii> Gtli Janimry, statos as follows : — " In the iiiwintiiiic I concur in the view expresHod in tho Minute of tlic I'livy Council, that tlic lioundaiy line in (jucstiiin .■ihiiulil lie ascertained and fixed wi(h all possihle spceil, and to prevent uiuiece.sHary delay would HU^'jijest that a draft of the instructions proposed to ho givi'u by tiio CJovenunent of tlie Dominion to the Connnissionor appointed, he transnntted for the consideration of the Ooverunicnt of this Province at the earliest nionient." 'J'he uuder.sii^ncd with the view, therefore, of ineotin<^ the desire expressed hy the Lieutcnant- Qovernor, and after consultation with Surveyor-Cieneral Deiniis, beys leave to recommend that a copy of tlie draft instructions, liereunto annexed, be transmitted to the Government of Ontario. All of which is respectfully submitted. 10 John A. MAcnoNALD. Instructions to the Boundary Commissionku for the Dominion.* Draft of Instmctions to be i,Mven to the Connnissionor appointed to act on behalf of the Dominion of Canada in the survey and location of the boundary line between the North-West Territories and tlie Trovincc of Ontario, in conjunction with a Couuaissioner to be ap[)oiutod by the Oovernuient of Ontario. IiHtnictimiH to The boundary in (juestion is clearly identical with the limits of the Province of Quebec, according Boun'iury ''•^ ^'"^ !*'''» Creo. III., Cap. «:}, known as the "Quebec Act," and is described in the said act as follow.s, er'^a"'""" '■'"^t is to say : Havinj,' set forth the westeily f.ortion of tho soutliern boundary of the Province as extending alonj,' the liiver Ohio " went ward to the hanh of the Mixsinsippi," the deseripticm continues 20 from thence {i.e., the junction of the two rivers) " and iiorlhwurd to the southern hoiindnni of the territory (jranted to the Merchants Adrenlurers of Enijland trudinij to Hudnon's Bay." Having determined tho |)reci80 longitude west of Greenwich of the extreme point of land marking tho junction of tin' '■'••■♦h and cast banks respectively of tlie said rivers, you will proceed to a.scertain and define the corresponding point of longitude of the intersection of the meridian passing through tho said junction with tlie international boundary between Canada and the United States. Looking, however, at tho tracing enclosed, marked A, intended to illustrate tlie.se instructions, it is evident such meriilian would intersect tlie international boundary in Lake Sui)erior. Presuming this to be the cn.so, you will deterinine and locate tlie said meridian, the .same being tlie westerly portion of the boundary in ipieMtion, at such a point on the northerly .shore of the said lake as 30 may be nearest to the said international boundary, and from thence survey a line due south to deep water, marking the .same upon and across any and all points or islands which may intervene; and from the jMjint on the main shore, found as aforesaid, draw and mark a line due north to the southern boundary of the liuilson's Bay Territory before mentioned. This will complete the survey of the westerly boundary lino sought to be establislied. You will then proceed to trace out, survey and mark, ea.stwardly, the aforementioned " aouthern boundary of the territory yrantcd to the Merchants Adventurers of Knyland trading to Hudson's Bay." Tliis is well understood to be the heiglit of land dividing the waters whicli How into Hudson's Bay from those enijitying into tlio valley of the great lakes, and forming the northern boundary of Ontario; and the .same is to be traced and surveyed, following its various wildings till you arrive at the angle 40 therein between the Provinces of Ontaiio and Quebec, as the latter is a* present bountled ; having aceomplislied which, the service will have been completed. Your requisition for such assistance, scientific and otherwise, as may be necessary to enable you to determine tin- necessary longitude with jireoision, and to ell'ect the jiraetieal surveying operations in tho tie! 1, and for such instruments as may be lequired will receive due consideration. Further instructions relating to tho character of the boundary marks to bo erected, and conveying other iiiforiiialtua which you will probably require, will ue duly sent you. •8«M. P»p«n, OnUrio, 1873, Na 44, p. 16. :— " In the lary line in uliiy would nion to the 'iiicuat the jicutcnant- .liat a copy 10 )NAU}. ominion of itorios and ovoinnient , necording a.s folJDws, rovinco as 1 continues 20 '"7/ of the d marking ^ ascertain n-ougli the itions, it is liciug tlio lid lalvi' ay 30 th to deep and from 3 southorn " southern ton's Bay." l.snu's Bay if Ontario; the angle iO J ; having ble you to ons in the lonveyjng 331 Rkpoht of a Committek of the Puivv CouNcir, (Canada), approved bv the Goveiinor-Generai, ON THE 1:2tii March, IHT2* The Committee have hnd before them a incniorandiun, dated llth March, 1H72, from the llcmourahli! the Miid.ster of Justice, stating that rofcrcneo having hocn ma .snlijcct of .■ijipiiciUioin for mining locations and patents for land in the neighbourhood of Lake Shcbandowan, and about Hn- hen.l of Lake Superior, and also of the despatch of the Lieutenant-Governor of Ontario on suc!i Order in Council ; lie reports, That the Lieutenant-Governor in his despatch of the 6th of January, states as follows:— "In tlio meantime I concur in the views expre.ssi'd in the Minute of the I'rivy (.'ouncil that the boundary line in 10 .piestion should be asceitained and tixed with all possible speed, and to prevent unnecessary delay, wouhl suggest that a draft of the instructions proposed to be given by the Government of the Dominion to the Conmiissioner appointed be transmitted for the considenition of the Government of this Province at the earliest moment." That with the view, therefore, of meeting the desire expressed by the Lieutenant-Governor, and after consultaticm with Surveyor-General Dennis, he, the Minister of Justice, recommends that a copy of the tlraft instructions annexed to Ins memorandum be transmitted to the Government of Ontario. Tlio Committee submit the above recommendations for Your Excellency's approval. Certified. Wii. H. Lee, 20 Clerk P.O. .lomT ArPKNDIX. So^V. Xrffutiatiimt liitwtni i'an- ailtt and ttiitariuf a»U othir /iroeeiU- iiiii.i, aftrr the I/utht>ii'g Jtaif f't'llt/Hlnj/^t lurriudir. Oitlrr ill Coun- cil (Can.), 1'Jtli Marcli, 1872. Order in Council (Ontario), approve nv thk Lieutenant-Governor on the 25th March, 1S72.* The Committee of Council have hail ur ler consideration the despatch, dated Uth March instant, from oni.T in Cun tlic Secretary of State (or the Provinces to Your Excellency, toget r with tlie instructions transmitted aHhM»!ih therewith, and the report of the Prfsidont of the Council, dated 2211(1 March instant, in reference thereto, l**^^- The Committee advise that the Government of Canada bo informed that the IVovince of Ontario clainw that the boundary line is very ditferentfrom the one delined iiy the .said in.structions, and cannot con.sent to the prosecution of the (.'ommission for the purpose of marking on the ground the line so defined, and that the Commissioner appointed by the Government of Ontario should be instructed to alistain from taking any further action under his Commission. 30 Certified. J. G. Scott, Ckrk E. C. The Provincial Secretary (Ontario), to the Ontario Boundary CoMMissioNER.f Provincial Secretary's Okkice, Toronto, 2Gth March, 1872. Sir,— I have the honour to transmit lierowith a copy of an Order in Council, approved of by His Excellency the Lieutennnt-Govcrnor, having reference to the proposed .settlement of tlie boundary lino between the Province of Ontario and the North-West Tirritories; and also, a copy of the instructions given by the Dominion Government to the Commissioner ai)pointed to act on its behalf in the matter. 40 I am nc the same time connnanded by His Excellency the Lieutenant-Governor to direct you to abstain from taking any further action as Commissioner for this Province. I have the honour to bo, Sir, Your obedient servant, Peter Qow, Secretary. Hon. Wiilia'n MeDnn""!!, CB., Toronto. Provincial Spo rftary to On tHrid liiiiiii' >ry(;onin in > iipr, aitli March, 1872. * Uuuie of Commoui Return, March 10, 1881, No. 37, p. 6. + SeM. P»p«n, Ontario, 1873, No. 44, p. 17. Joint ArrKNDix. Sec. IV. Ni'tjotintiimn hrttirrn i*(in aita aiu( Ottftirin, an't otht r pr Soc. .State (Can.), 2Cth M.'iroli, 1872. 882 The Lieutenant-Governor of Ontaiuo to the Secretary of State (Canada).* Government House, ToiioNTo, 2Cth March, 1872. Sir,— With reference toyonr despatch, dated 14th instant, relating to the location of t'le boundary line between the Province of Ontario and the North -West Territories. I have the honour to transmit herewith a copy of an Order in Council approved on the 25th instant, having regard to that matter. I have, at the .same time, to intimate that tlie Commissioner appointed on behalf of my Govern- ment ha.s been iastructcd to ab-staiu from any further action under his Coinmis.sion. 1 have the honour to be, Sir, Your obedient servant, JO W. P. HOWLAND. Hon. Secretary of State (Provinces), Ottawa. ii<:2. Report of a Committee of the Privy Council (Canada), Approved by the Governor-General ON THE 9th April, 1872.t Order in Coun- On the despatch of the Lieutenant-Governor of Ontario, dated 26th March last, on the subject of mh^\prii, *'^^o location of the boundary line between the Province of Ontario and the North- West Territories, the Committee of the Privy Council beg leave to report: — That in a despatch from the Secretary of State for the Provinces to the Lieutenant-Governor of Ontario, dated 3()th November last, based upon a Minute of Council of the 28th November, it was suggested to the Government of Ontario that it was of groat consequence that the ascertaining and 20 fixing on the ground of the boundary line in question should be, as far as po.ssible, expedited. That the Lieutenant-Governor, in his despatcli of the Cth of Januarv last, expressed his concurrence in the necessity for immediate action, and to prevent unnecessary delay, suggested that a draft of the instructions proposed to be given to the Commissioner appointed on behalf of the Dominion to locate the line, should be transmitted for the coniideration of the Go..>'ument of Ontario at the earliest moment. That with the view of meeting the desire so oxprossod, a draft of the proposed instruction.^' was transmitted to the Lieutenant-Governor by despatch dated tho 14th of March last, and That the Lieutenant-Governor, in reply, transmitted with the despatch of the 2Cth of March now under consideration, an Order of his Executive Council to the following effect :— 30 "The Committee advise that the Government of Canada be informed that tlie Province of Ontario claims that the boundary line is very different from tiio one defined by the sai.l instructions, and cannot consent to the prosecution of the Commission for the purpose of marking on the ground the line so dcfine.I, and that tlie Commissioner appointed by the Government of Ontario should l)c instructed to abstain from taking any further action under liis Commission." The Committee of the Privy Council regret that the Government of Ontario, while expressing their difference of opinion from that of the Dominion, omitted to give their own views on the subject, and they did not state what their claiiu as to the location of the boundary line was. As it is of the greatest consequence to the peace and well-being of the country in the vicinity of the dividing line, that no (|uestion8 as to jurisdiction, or the means of prevention or punishment of ciijue ^y should arise or be allowed to continue, the (Committee reconunend that the Government of Ontario be invited to conununicnte their opinion on the subj. ct to Your Excellency, togotl-.er with a descri|)tion of the boundary line which they would suggest as the correct < '.,., Shoul.l it be found, after an int<^r- change of opinions, thutthe two Governments cannot agree an to the location of the line, the Committeo do not doubt that both Governments will feel it their duty to settle without delay upon some proper mode of determining, in an authoritative manner, the true position of such boundary. Certified. Wm. H. Leb. Clerk P.O. * S«u. Papers, Ontario, 1873, No. 44, p. 16. + SeM. Papers, OiiUrio, 1873, No. 44, p. 18. I 10 333 The Sbcretauy of State (Canada), to the Lieutenant-Govehnor of Ontario* Department of the Secretary of State for the Provinces, Ottawa, loth April, 1872. „n n!!"'~/ ^'^^^.*^«,|>»»°»'- /° transmit for the consideration of your Gov.rn.nent. a certifie.l cony of an Or, or H.s Lxcollency tl>e Governor-General in Council, on your .lespatch of he 24th ,1 rth. reasonXMlirset for!lfr."'"r'"" V^' ''"'^"''"^ '"'"''''^'' ^^ ""^ ""'''' '» ^•'--'- -"1 '- the 10 IT H n . ' ■'^' •^""'" «'^^'^'-"'"«»t to communicate their opinion on the suhiect discus- I have the honour to be, Sir, Your obedient servant. Joseph Howe, Secretary 0/ State for the Provincea. Hon. W. P. Howland, C. B., Lieutenant-Governor. Toronto. .lotNT Afi'KNDIX. Sec. IV. Xffjotiiittons hffirrni fVin. r/'/fi ontf (hiliirii), ami itthtr prncmt- iiiiix, iifirr the Hmlmm't /Jui/ Ci'iiiiKnitt^s siirrthiltT. Hfi.Tfitnry of SUU' ((,'ttnr), to tin* Lieut.- (in\ern(>r, 10th April, 1872. 30 40 I Order in Council (Ontario), approved bv the Lieutenant-Governor on the IOth Aprii, I872.t The Committee of Council have liad under consideration the despatch from the Secretary of State „^ • n 20 r rrr 1 ' " T' '"^'^"'- "" "^^ ^"'^J^''^ ^^ ''^^ •^--^-^ '•- ^^ Ontario, and the'copv; u '•^"-?'" I hat the Government of Ontario, while expressing their difference of opinion from that of the ])om jmon.om. ted to g.ve their own views on the subject, and did not .tati what their claim a to I location of tlie boundary was. The Committee would observe tnat the .lespatch on which their Minute was founded did not con- tain any invitation to the Government of Ontario to express its views or state its claim The Government of Ontario is now invited to do so, and the Committee advise that the Govern- arex:dXtt;."'' "' "^^"™^' ^'" ^'^^ ''—''' ^---- ">« ^^-^-y --^^^-^ - ^ho The Committee further advise that the Government of Canada should be informed that as to the dOv stern hmit. in the opinion of this Government, there are grounds for maintaining the contentbn of former Government, of Canada, that the limit of Ontario is further west than the one proposed in tl"e description, and hat, while this Government is prepare.!, in view of all the circumstanLs,' to 1 'ree o the western limit so proposc.l. in case the same is accepted by the Government of Canada this Govern ment does not consider itself bound by the proposal in any other event. As to the northern limit it will be observed from the description that this Government maintains he position which IS supported by the contentions of all former Governments, and by the indTsputZ facts that the northern boundary lies north of the watershed of the .St. Lawn.ice s.'^tem. t ' i i f ^f which watershed IS the northern lK>undary laid down by the Government of Canada ami the Co in tee advise that the Government of Canada should be informed that, in view of all Uie eircum Ze s 40 Uus Government will be prepared, in case its position as to the northern boundary is agreed to by .e Government of ( anada. to con.sider any proposiU which may be made by that Government for the estal^ hshment of a coaventioiial limit to the north ui that watershed. "ioesiai>- Certified, J. O. Scott. CUrk, E. O. * 8oM. Paper*, OnUrio, 1873, No. 44, p. 17. t Ibid., p. 19. V Joiirr Apfkniux. Sec. IV. Neyotialiont between Van- atta anil Ontariiif and other firiiceeti- ini/i, lifter the Jfuiimn'iJIai/ ('innfKiu!/*$ tnrreniter. Order in Coun- cil (Out.), IWh April, U73. 884 . Proposed Desciiiption. (Referred to in tlie annezed Minute of Council.)* Tlie boundary line of Ontario is the intcrnfitiDtiiil bomulary from tho mouth of tho Pigeon River, on Lake Su|n!ri(>r, to a point west of tlie Lake of the Wocxls, where tlie iiiti'rnational bouiidury line would lie intersected by a line drawn north from tho source of the Mississippi River ; tlience tho boun- dary line of Ontario runs north to the jioint of intersection of the southern boundaries of the Hudson's Bay Territories; thence the buundar)- line of Ontario is the southern boundary of those Territories to tho point where that boundary would be intersected by a liuo drawn north from the head of Lake Temiscaming. 10 Report of Min inter of Jus- tice (Can.), l«t May, 1872, REPom OF THE MiNISTEU OF JlTSTICK (CANAnA).t Department of Justice, 10 Ottawa, Lst May, 1872. With reference to a despatch of the Lieutenant Governor of Ontario, of the l!)th April, transmit- ting an Order in Council of that Province of the same date, on tho subject of the northern and we.itern boundaries of the Province of Ontario, and in which the Qovermnent of that Province transmits a des- cription of what it holds those boundaries to be, The undersigned has tho honour to report that a considerable illfferonce exists between the Govern ment of Canada and that of Ontario, in respect to tho said northern and western boundaries of Ontario, and until such boundaries are properly a,scertained and defined, no criminal jurisdiction can be effect- ively established or exercised in tho disputed territory. Having reference to the prospect of a largo influx of people into the Noith-West Territories, it is OQ very material that crime should not go unpunished or unpruvonted, and in this view tho undersigned has the honour to suggest that the Govcrnnjont of Ontario be invited to concur in a statement of the case for immediate reference to the Juilicial Comuiitteo of the Privy Council of England, with a view to the settlement, by a judgment or decision of that tribunal, of the western and northern boundaries of Ontario. This is the more necessary as no conventional arrangement between the two Governments, as to boundary, can confer criminal jurisdiction on the Courts of Ontario, unless the place where any crime may be committed is, by law, within the Province. The undersigned has the honotir also to call attention to the fact that the mineral wealth of the North-West country is likely to attrao- a large* immigration into those parts, anS72.« 1st Z'')n!::!To H """"f, 'T Ir'. ""'"■ '^"■'-'--^i"" ''-• — '^^•J Men.orandw.n. dated May U >esUo^;f t " ''"/""""™'''" '^' *^"-^-- -( J-tic, bavin, referonoe to the settlement of the q« ton of the northern and western boundaries of the Province of Ontario, and they respectfully he a. T '^''"""•"r" '," ' " ■•''^■"'-'-'»J^"«- -»^>»itted in the said Memorandun, and ad ise £ the same be approved and adopted. "uvisu mai Certified. 10 Wm. H. Lee, To the Honourable the Secretary of State, etc., etc.. ^^*"'*' ^' ^' for the Provinces. Joint Appwn)n. Sec. IV. Aijfotiatimui b'tmen Van- aittt ami Onlarii), and othf'r firncreti' \MI', niter the Hiidmm'i Bay i 'omiHint/t aiirreiuier, Order in Coun- cil (C»n.), loth May, 187a. The Secretauy of State (Canada), to the Lieutknani-Governor of ONTARio.f Ottawa, 16th May, 1872. .noj!^'^77.l" ''""■ '\T'"^\f ^^:.l»''' ••■'"'"«■ '^"vering an Order in Council of the Govern- S..reUr,o, nent of Onta o. of the .same date, on the subject of the northern an.l western boundarie.s of that Pro- ^'T '^""•>' unce, I have the honour ^o enclose, for the infommtion of your Oovenunent. a copy of an Onler of the O^X:^ ^Z:;^:r J :r "'" • '^'f^-'^^y' ^"«^^'- -^^^ ^ ^m of tl. memorandl of the iJoull K^^ uie Minislei 01 Ju.stiCO nu iitioued therein. ^^Onf.l\^""''''*'''Tf/"r''""'"'''''°"'''* ^"''^•^ '" ^'"^' >ncmorandum, to invite the Government of Ontano to concur w.th the Government of Canada in a staten,ent of the case now in dispute between the 1. ivy Council, w.th the view to a settlement, by a judgment or deci.sion of that tribunal of the western and northern boundaries of Ontario. at inuunai, or tno the l!st ■.Iri.'rr/ir f T "^"" "^' Government of Ontario the necessity, in view of the facts stated in the ast paiagiaph of the ac-companying memorandum, of arranging with the Government of the Domi- n on for some joint course of action as to the granting of land and of mining licenses, reservation of roya ties etc in the por ion of territory in controversy, and for this purpose ! have to request you to •{0 binr s^' ^'""""""V^ :^I'P".'"^ a Commissioner to meet the Honourable J. C. Aikins to a'rrange such dO join . y,stem on the understanding that any such arrangement when ratified by the two Govoniments shall bo held to binu both, and shall be subject to the decision of the Judicial Committee of the Privy Council upon the .p.estion of the boundaries, and that after such decision titles to lan.ls or mining rights he Prt r; sIT- ^ M ^"^"^"■"^'"^' "'-^''- "'• ^'--^'^ - «f Ontario, as shall under the dedsiou of the Privy Council bo the proper party to Tegalize the same. I have tlie honour to be, Sir, Your most obedient servant, Joseph Howe, The Honourable Wm. P. Howland, C.B., Secretary of State for the Provinces. Lieutenant-Ooverjor, Toronto. Order in Council. (Ontario), approved by the I-.^irrENANT-GovERNOR on the 31st May. 1872^ The Committee of (Council have had under con.sideration the despa- eh from the Secretary cf S. ^tl n-. • n for the Provinces, of the IGth May, with the Minute of Council and memorandum of the Mini ■ of cU tcV^'t^r"- ' "^- -' -^"^"■ S" f ciatiiig to tno settleiaoiit ol the question of the northern and Im" * 80M. Papers, Ontario, 1873, No. 44, p. 21. f Ibid., p. 20. { Ibid. , p. 21. A": I I 1 1 Joint Appendix. Sec. IV. fTrtliitifitnini iHlwrrn Olll- attn (tiitl Ontan'it, anil othrr prncrtit- infjf, it/trrthc Huiimin't Hail (*ii.ytaiii/'g nurrnxdrr. Order in C"un- cil(Oiit.',':nHt May, 1872. liiii: ill """" 1 iii 886 •western boundaries of the Provinca of On>drio. The Committee of Council regrets that the Oovemment of Can.aiia (Iocs not propose in any respect to •■•.y dify it.s views with reference to these boundaries, opposed US these views are to the general tenor ot the exprc.sgion.s and conduct of the Gijvemments of the late Province of (Jaimda, ami of tlie Domiiiic n in the past. The Committee of Council also regrets that the Oovi'inment of Canada 's not prepared u) negotiate for thv arriving at a conventional arrange- inent as regards the boundaries. The Coinmitteo infers that the Government of Canada disapproves of that course in consequence of the difficulty Bt?ttd iu the following extract from the memorandum of the Minister of Justice, " This is the more neces,sary as no conventional arrangement between the two Governments, as to boundary, can confer ' riminal jurisdiction uu the Courts of Ontario, unless the place where any crimes jy may be committed is, by law, within the Pi-ovince." The Committee desires to call attention to the third clause of tlie Act of the Imperial Parliament, pa.ssed 29th June, 1871, chap. 28, which is in these words : "The Parliament of Canada may, from time to time, with the -onsent of the Legislature of anj Province of the said Dominion, increa.se, diminish, or otherwise alter the limits of s'uch Provixice upon such terms and conditions ns may be agreed to by the said Legislature, c.iA may, v itJ. 'he like consent, make provision respecting the effect tuid operation of any such increase or diminutiors or alteration of territory in relation to any Province afiected thereby." It appears to the Committee th?'t under the operatio/i of i^iis clause it i.-i quite po.ssible t ■ ani/o at a conventional settlement of tlie (;"i itioji by thv. jjiiu action o'' the Executive and Lc^islativi; au'iiori- 20 tie.s of the Dominion and of the Province. With reference to the emergency arising out oi iha ' ;!>ectcd nn.viigration during this spring and Buraiiier, it appears to the Committee tluit a short Act f Ut6 Parliament of Canada, providing that the Ixiiirui^ries of the Province of Ontario should, for the pT i-tscs of cHminal jurisdiction, and so far ; .^ the Parliament of Canada can pioviui>. be deemed, p(-nds.ig 'Jie settlemt-nt of the question, to extend hs far as the limit* which are specified in the memonuiduin transmitted to the Government of Canada b} this Government, would, though open to some objection, afl' rd the best practicable solution of that diffii'.uity. With reference Uj the propo.sed submi-.-.ion to the Judicial Committee of the Privy Council, tius Committee beg.*^ to obsci ve that the solution of the boundary question depends upon numerous facis. the evidence as to man)i <.' which is proourabie only in America, and the collection of which wouM 03 involve the expenditure of fjiuch time ; and upon the whole the Committee is of opinipn that the more satisfactory way of settling thw question, should the Government of Canada still decline to negotiate fur a conventional boundary, woisli be by reference to a Commission sitting on this side of the Atlantic, and the Committee recommends thut, without for the present dealing definitely with the proposal of the Government of Canada (or a reference to the Judicial Committee, this counter-suggestion should be mode to that Government. The Committee ni Council entertains a strong conviction that it is the duty of the Government of Ontario to retain in the meantime the control of the lands within the boundaries claimed by it ; but as t is anxious that the policy of the Government with reference to the disposition of these lands should, 80 far as pmcticablc, conform to the views of the Government of Canada, the Committee agrees that an ^g effort should be matle to avoid the possible difficulties arising from the claims put forward by that Gov- ernment, and with this view the Committee recommends that the Honourable R. W. Scott .should be rcfjuested to confer with the Honourable J. C. Aikins, as proposed by the despatch of the Itith May. Certified. J. O. Scott, Ckrh E. C. e Government se boundaricfl, jverninents of ;il also regrotn iotial airange- Jisajiprovea of 'audum of the muients, as to ere any ci-imo j o il Parliament, slat iro of anj L'lovuice upon ! like coubcnt, r alteration of le 1 1 arrive at atik'i' ati'.i-ori- 21) lis spring and iding that the 1 80 far i.fl the extend us far anada \iy this hat difficulty. Council, this iinerou8 facis, which would 03 that the more to negotiate : the Atlantic, lie proposal of ion should be lovernment of by it ; but as lands should, igrees that an 40 by that Gov- ;ott should be Itith May. kE.a 337 Rkport of a Committee of the F-ivt Cniivprr /'n..,.r>. n iHE r .ivr c^ouNciL, (Canada,) APPaovKD bt the QovEnNoR-GENERAL ON THE 7m Novemher, 1872.* Uinuto in Council. """"■■ °' "°'"'°' ''"" "''■''"'J' I-™" "«i"'""l ty indl»|,»nml,lc, •^V'M'in of title, l„ ,..„u,, co„b,„o to render sucl, a decision B.V. and oire,., ■• .,,„„,„ .„i, vl. ' ^aL^e ^ 7^ tt o:::! ^f ^^^ t^' '"" T"'" ";"'""" I.roposal wl.iel, may U ma.lc to tl.c.n l,v H,., r l'0>iram'r in Coun- til (Call.), 7Ui NovBiuUir, 1873. Joint Apfindix. Sec. IV. Nrgnliiitinm brtmi'n Can- adu ttnit (hit*i 'iti^ ami iithff prnerfd- iniit, after the Hntlsou^x Itay Cmnpaiit/'s turremler. Order in Coun- cil (Can.), 7th November, 1872. There are objections also to this piopo.sal n.s ipfjiirds the mode ot conferring legal jiowcrs upon such a Oonmiission, wliieli it would he found very ditlicuU, if not inipo^siblu to dual with, and the Connnittee doulit whether any other tribunal than that of the (jueen in Council would be satisfactory to the other rrovincef of the Dominion in the decision of questions in which they have a large interest, the importance of which is, by current events, being con.stantly and rupiJly augmented, aud thoy respectfully recommend that the proposition for a reference to Her Majesty in Council be renewed to the Government of Ontario. They recommend, therefore, that a copy of this Minute, if approved, be transmitted to the Lieutenaut-Governor of Ontario by the Secretary of State for the Provinces. Certified. 10 W. A. HlMSWORTH. a P. C. The Secretaut of State (Canada), to tue Lieutenant-Govehnor of Ontario. Department of the Secretary of State, OrrAWA, 2Gth December, 1873. Secretary of SiR, — I have the hoHour to invite your attention to the letter addressed to your predecessor on aBth^Uoc^m'.' *^6 1-t^i November, 1872, covering a copy of a report of His Kxcellency the Governor-General in ber, 1872. Council, on the subject of the northern and western boundaries of the Province of Ontario. May I request that you will have the goodness to bring the matter under the early notice of your Government, with a view to their coming to a decision on the proposition contained in the Order in 20 Council in question, to submit the question of the boundary to the decision of the Judicial Committee of the Privy Council. I have the honour to be. Sir, Your obedient servant, » D. Christie, Secretary oj State. His Honour the Lieutenant-Governor of Ontario, Toronto. Resolution of the Legislative Assembly of Ontario, passed 23rd March, 1874. Resolution of Resolvcd, That this House approves of the reference of the question of the western boundary of 30 Ontarilf'"inl ^^^^ Province to arbitration, or to the Privy Council, according as the Lieutenant-Governor in Council March, ]«74. shall see fit, and approves likewise of the adoption of a provisional boundary line in the meantime, on such terms as may be agreed upon between the Government of the Dominion and the Government of this Province. DOMINION ACT, ;39 VIC, CAP. 21 (1876). An Act rfspectinq the Nortii-West TEnRironiEs, and to create a Separate Territobt out of part TUEREOF.f DominionAct, Whereas it is expedient, pending the settlement of the western boundary of Ontario, to create » 21 w'e "*''" separate territory of the eastern part of the North-West Terrilories : Therefore Her Majesty, by and with the advice and consent of the Senate and House of Comn>ona of Canada, enacts as follows : — 40 1. All that portion of the North-West Territories bounded as follows, that is to say : — Beginning at the westerb' boundary of the Province of Ont-ario, on the international boundary line dividing Canada from the United States of America ; then westerly, following upon the said international boundary line, to the easterly boundary of the Province of Manitoba ; thenuo due north, 2C ;/ State. [874. joundary of 30 r in (Council loiintime, on vernment of RiTOBT oxrr to create a sty, by and lows : — 40 il boundary )n the said due north, .139 along tho said oostrrly bound.iiy of Manitoba, to the north-east awgle of the said Province; thence due west, on the north boundary of said Province, to tho int.-rsection by tho said boun.lary of tlio westerly shore of Lake Manitoba ; thonco northoriy, following the said westerly shore of the .aid lake to the eos orly terminus thereon of iho Portage c.n.iecting the southerly end of Lake Winnipogosis with tho saul Lake Manitoba, known as -Tho M-adow Portng. ;" thonoe westerly, following upon the trail of t he stt.d i urtage, to the west.irly teru.inus of the same, being on the ea.steily nhoro of tho said Lake VVinnipogosis; thence northerly, following the line of tho said easterly shore of the said lake to the southerly end of tho Portage leading from the bond ..f the said lake into Ce.lar I^ke, known as tho "Cedar" or " Mossy Portage;" thence northerly, following the trail of the said Portage, to the north end lU of the same on the shore of Cedar Lake ; thence due north, to tho northerly limits of Cana.la ; thence easterly, following upon the said northerly limits of Canada, to the northerly extremitv of Hudson's Bay; thence southerly, following u|Km the westerly shore of the said Hudson's Bay. to the point where It would be intersected by a line drawn due north from the place of beginning ; an.l thence due south on the said Ime bust mentioned, to the said ,)lace of beginning; shall bo, and is hereby set apart as a separate district of the said North- West Territories by the name of the District of Keewatin ACT OF THE PROVINCE OF MANITOBA, 40 VIC, CAP. 2, (1877.) An Aot for the Definition of the Boundaries of the Province. Whereas the boundaries of the Province of Manitoba, as defined by the Act of Canada commonly Act of Mani ,1 ll,„ \f....:#,.l.„ A-t „...l 1 :-. il ., • . .,. , •' ,„ha,40Vic. cup. 2, 1877. •loiNT Hpc. IV. .Vriliilidtiittu hrtimn Van- mill anil Ihittiriiif aiiii itihrr procffft' iniit, nfltr the Uiiiixin't Hay I'limixiny't aiirmulrr. Diiiiiii.ion Act, 'Ml Vic. on 11. l.'l, I87«. ... " "' ••""■"'•'"<•,"-• >";iiin;!X^-. 20 surveyed ; and whereas, in conse.,uence of the uncertainty arising therefrom, questions of juri.sdiction in civd and criminal matters may arise ; and whereas it is desirable to obviate such inconvenience by the temporary adoption of certain known and delined lines as the boun.lary of the Province • and whereas un.ler authority of the Act of the Parliament of tho United Kingdom of Great Britain and Irelaml passed in tho .session held in the thirty-fourth ami thirty-Hfth year of tho reign of Her Majesty Queen Victoria, which may be cited as the Ih-iti.sh North America Act of 1871, the Parliament of Canada may. with the consent of tho Legislature of any Province of the Dominion, alter the boundary of any such Province ; Her Majesty, by and with the advice and consent of tho Legislative Assembly of ' Tanitoba, enacts as follows : ;<0 1. The Legislature of Manitoba agrees and consents that the limits of the Province ma- ' Itered by tho Pirlinmontof Canada by the temporary establishment of certain known and defined* iiucsfls the boundaries of the Province, in place and stead of tho boundaries established by the Act of Canada passed in the thirty-third year of Her Majesty's reign, and ehaptcre.l three ; and which boundaries that may be so established, and which arc hereby consented to. shall be as follows : Commencing at the Intersection of the international b..undary, or forty-ninth parallel of north latitude, by the westerly boun.lary of township number on<> in the twelfth range west of the principal meridian in Manitoba ; thence due north, following tho westerly boundaries respectively of townships one an.l two. t.) the intersection thereof by the .southerly limit of the roa.l allowance on the first correction line ; th.mco duo west along the latter to the intersection thereof by the westerly limit of 40 township three in tho aforesaid twelfth range west ; thence due north, following H'- n-- teVly limits respectively of townships thn... f.mr. live and .six in the said twelfth range, to the utl- !y 'limit of the roa.1 allowance on tho .sec.n I correction lino ; thence westerly upon the latter to th.5 intersection thereof by tho westerly limit of town.ship seven in the afore.sai.1 "twelfth range ; thence duo north, upon tho westerly limit respectiv.dy of townships .seven, eight, nine and ten, to the southerly limit of the road allowance on the thir.l correction line ; thence duo west along tlie latter to the intersection thereof •by the westerly limit of township eleven in the said twelfth range west of the principal meri.lian • thence du-; ....rth along th« ..v,.«t«r!y limit respectively of tt,wnship.s cloven, twelve, thirttci an,! fourteen, to the southerfy Jimit of the roa.l allowance on the fourth correction line ; thence westerly along the latter to tht iu^erscction thereof by the westerly limit of township fifteen in the said twelfth m # '« JotNT AprKMiix. sscTTv. Iftgetialumt bttwttn Can- ada ami othrr pntrrrtl- itut$, aftrr Ihf Hntittm't Hay turrrmirr. Act of Mani- toba, W Via, oa|>. -2, 1877. .•140 rangp west of the prim .pal iripridian ; thence due north alon;» the wentcrly limit roHpectively of town- ahipH fifteen, sixtet-n ami .seventh n in the taid twelfth ranj:f, to the intei-section thereof by the southo-'" V u, of the road allowance on the first correction line ; thence due west along the latt' ,• .. ;i,s inurseeticm " 'th the easterly limit of township two in the said U nth range east ; thence due south alon^,' the easterly limit respectively of town.ships two and one, to the intersection thereof by the forty-ninth parallel of north 20 latituile, (ir the international Ixmnilary Ii';,iore.sttid ; and thence duo west, following upim the said forty -ninth parallel of north latitude, or th'' nternational boundary line, to the place of beginning; Provided always, that that portion of tiie eastern boundory of the Province hereby consented to 1)6 established which has not yet been surveyed, as also that portion of the northern boumlary which haa not been surviyed, shall be forthwith sirveyeil and marked out on the ground by the proper authority of the Dominion of Canada. 2. Nothing in this Act containeii. HKAKINO ox THE gUKSriON OK THK BOUNDAUIES. THE CHAUTKR INCORPOKATING TFIE HUDSON'S BAY COMPANY, Gkanted hy H.8 Majkstt. K.Na Chaulks thk Second, in the 22.vd Yeau ov ir,s Rki^n. 2nd Mav. 1670. ^"'rftirL'rr '' "" ^'"^ °' '^"'^' ^"« "^ ^"«'''''^' ^"^'''"''' ^'••'^"*^«' -^"^ ^-l'^"''. defender To all to whom those presents shall come, greeting : 10 WHEnEAS our dear ctirely beloved Cousin, Prinee Rupert, Count Palatine of the Rhine Duko of ;'rT ""' ^;'"''*"- ""' • ^•'-•- = ^-''-topher Duko of Alhenn.rle. Willian> Earl of Craven nlry Lord Arhng on An ho„v Lo.,1 Ashley. Sir John K..hin,on. and Sir Rohort Vyn.-r, Knights ,u "b Lt t S.r Po er Colleton. Baronet; Sir Ii.l«.a..l HungerfWrd, Kni,ht of the Bath : Sir Pn.l Nee o K.Ih !' S.r John Onthth and Sir Philip Carte. Knights; Jau.es Hayes. John Kirke. Francis Mini ^^Tn' ^ . lluwn P-ettyman. John Fenn, Es,,ui..s. and John Portu.an, CitLn and OoMsn ith cf L„n have' ^ rt Ta"""'"/ "r-""^^"'-^-- -'-taken an expedition for Ffudson's Hay. in the norU. "!; part f Anwv.ca for the d.scovery .,( a new pas.sage into the South Hea, and for the finding, some tra.le for furs, m.nerals, and other considerahio commodities, and l,y such their undertaking have aire uiv made nuch discovenes .s to encourage them to proceed further in pursuance of their :nd dltnW 10 means whereof there may probably arise very great advantages to „1 an.l our kingdom. ° ^ AND Wheueas the .dd undertakers, for their further encourage.n.nt in the said desi-n, have hur „, besought us to incorporate then, and grant unto them and thoir successors the solo tn. le and Zif: t1- ''"::?.'«:y^-^^' ^^^y^r- '^X-- cr.eks. and sounds, in whatsoever latiJ e t ^y .h be.. ,t h w.tlun the entrance of the strait co.umonly called the Hudson's Straits, together w.th al ^ mds. countnesan.1 temtor.. s upon the coasts and confines of the .as. straits, bays lakes nvers. creeks an soun.l. aforesaid, which are not uuw actually jH^ssessed by any of ou suL-c s «; by the subjects y other Christian Prince or State. y a > c i our .subjects, or Now Know yk, tha^ .ve. being desirous to pnunote all endeavours tenling to the public crood of our peop e, and to encourage the said undertaking, have, of our especial grace, certain k^.ov^ ledrind 30 men- mouon. g.ven, granted, ratified and confirn.e ordain that there shall be fn.m henceforth one of the sn- .• Company to bo .dected and appointe.l in such form aa hereafter in th.se presents is expivsse-l, which shall be calle.l the Governor of the sai.l Company • and JO that the said Governor an.l Company shall .)r may select seven of their number, in such form as 'hero- after HI these presents is expn-ssed, which shall bo called tho Committee of the sai.l Cinpany, which Committee of seven, or any three of them, together with the Governor or Deputy-Governor of the said Company for the time being, shall have the .lirection of the voyages of and for the sai.l Company, and the provision of the shipping an.l merchandizes thereunto beh.ngiiig, an.l al.so tho sale of all merchan- dizes, goods and other things returned, in all or any the voyages or ships of or for the said Company, and the managing an.l han.lling ..fall other busine.s.s nffuirs and things belonging to tho .said Company' And wk wii,r.,or.lain an.l grant by the.se presents, for us, our heirs an.l succ.s.sors, unto to the .sai.l GoV- ernor and Company, an.l their successors, that they the sai.l Governor ami Comimny, and their sue- 3 j cessors, shall from henceforth f..r ever be rule.l, or.lere.l ami governe.l accor.lii.g to such manner anil formasishereafterinthe.se presents expre8.sed, and not otherwise; ami that they shall have, hold retain and enjoy tho grants, liberties, privileges, juri.s.lietions and immuniti, . only "hereafter in these' presents grante.l ami expre.s.sc.l. an.l im other : An-l for tho better execution of our will and grant in this behalf WE HAVEASsioNKU, n..ininated, ce chosen by the sai.l (Company in f.)rm hereafter expressed : And al-so we have assigned, nominated and appointed, and by those presents, for us. our heirs an.l successors . , we DO a- gn, nominate an.l coii.stitute, the said Sir John Robin.s.m, Sir Robert Vvnor, Sir Peter C.d- ' leton, James Hayes, John Kirk, Francis Millington, an.l John Portman to bo tho seven first un.l {.resent Committees of the said Company, fioiii the date of these presents until the said 10th day of November then also next following, an.l .s.> on until now Committees shall be chosen in form hereafter expressed : And fuktuek we wii,l an.l grant by the.se presents, for us. our heirs and surcessors, uatil the said Governor an.l Company, and their successors, that it .shall and may bo lawful to nn.l for tho said Gov- ernor an.l Company f..r the time being, or tho greater part of them present at any public a-ssembly commonly calle.l the Court General, to be holden for tho sai.l Company, the Governor of the .sai.l Com- pany being always one, from time to time to elect, nominate and app.')jnt one of the sai.l Company to be Deputy to the sai.l Governor, which Deputy shall take a corporal oath, before the Governo.- and 40 three or more of the (\.mmittee of the snid Company for the time being, well, truly, an-l faithfully to execute his sai.l ofKee ...f Deputy to tho Governor »f the ..aj.} Company, arid after his uath is so taken. 1( 20 30 40 50' niitf pArwnaMa jftn, lilnsrtios, bo, to thuin luiiionti and liat tu thorn •vornor and doil, answer ifvur judyt'S , and catiHen y other uur 10 )r can have, mid and be of En),'land tho caiiHus d UoVi-rnor ru, to break, ordnin that mh form us ijittrn ; and 80 rin U.1 litTo- mny, wliich of the said ii|i(iiiy, and 11 ni( ichan- Coinpany, Company ■ t said (jov- l tlieir sue- 3J anncr and have, hold, er in thuse d grant in s, our heirs lu first and these pre- ) long livci And also successoru, ^j Peter Col- nd present November 3 X pressed : il the said saiil Oov- aHsembly^ said Com- >mpaiiy to 'ernot- and ^q thfiilly, to I HO taken, .143 o? Uov.^'!. rj',/'"'"".f 'f '" *""": i" ''- «»-n'^« "' the Haid Oo.ornor. r«rc>H« and execute tho office W. L r r" / :'T ""'*?• ;" ""■' ''"'' "^ "'-aid (iovernor ought to .1..: AvoKcurMKK WK Wn7r A „ Lr^'fTT '> 'T'""' ''■'"""' ''""•'^•'•^"^'•- ""»" the said (Governor and Cou.- pany of AK.„t„,o,H of hngland tradu.^^ into Hudson'. Bay. and their successors, tliat thoy or the greater par o then, wh...vor th... (]ov.rn„.. f.,r tl,.. ti.n. l.ingor his Ivputy to be one. fn nf'.hne o une. and a all tunes hereafter, shall and n.ay have authorit/and power yearly ai.1 e;oryybt! ween the ,ir,t and last day of November, to .s .ble and „Lt to^-ther i„'sou.L=oav e t p la '.^o be appomu-d Iron. U.ne to tin.e by the (Jovernor, or in his absence by the Deputy of the said u' w nlr or the tune be.ng, and that they l.ing so assen.bled, it shall and may be lawful to and for the ^d oirrr ?•''!:' r' ''■: r''^^"^"""^-'"'' *•»« -ia company for\he time l.in«, or tho great part o them w uch then sh.U happen to .. present, whereof the Governor of tho slid ConuLy o us deputy for the tunc beu.g to be one. to elect and non.inate one of the said Con.pany. whi h shal l^dTd"' • : «f,^'-P«nyf- one whole year then next following, which pLn be ng so ^ t^^ion^T VV'TT 1 ""' '"'' ^•""'I'-y. - i« aforesaid. l.forehe'l.a.lmitted to the txecut on o the sa.d ofhce, shall take a corporal oath before the last Governor, being his prede- b^imMtr "';;'?•"";' "Y ^'"^ "- '"°" -^^ ^'^^ ^'''-'"'"- «' ^»- «aidCompany'forthe'tin^ tt V h r, '" "•'"' '': *""" "•-^" ""•' ^'•"'>' ''"^'^'^ '^'' »^«- «f Governor of Ihe said Con.- pa. y .n all thn.gs eoneerning the san.e ; and that imme.liately after tho said oath so taken, he shall and may exocutjo and use tho said office of Governor of the sai.l Con.pany for one whole year from 20 hence next follown.g , Ami in like sort we w.ll and grant that as well every one of the afK.ve muned to be of the sa.d Con.pany of fellowship, a. all others hereafter to be adn.itted or free of the aid Con.pany. shall take a corporal oath before the Governor of the said Company or his Deputy for i"b ie'c .m m' r r';;'f'-''lr ''" .''" "'* ''"^""°^ ""^ ^""P'^"^ ^^ ^''« ^^--^^ P«^^ "f ^^en, in any devised. Imfore they shall be allowed or adn.Uted to tra.le or traffic as a freemnn of the said Con.pany • And fuutuku wk w,l,. and grant by these present., for us, our heirs and successor., unto thl sail Governor and Co.npany, and their successors, that the said Governor or Deputy Governor, and the rest of the said Company. an,l their successors for the time being, or tho greater part of them, whereof .nlnLt'dlT"°\''?r"'" ''■"'" *""° *^ ''""' '° ^ ""''• '''''^" •^'"1 -ay from ti.ae to time. 30 am at „llt.mes hereafter, have power ami authority, yearly and every year, between the first and ast day of Noven.ber to assen.ble and meet together in son.e convenient place, from tin.e to time to bo appointed by the sa.d Governor of the said Company, or in his absence by his Deputy • and that hey l>e,ng so assembled, it shall and n.ay be lawful to and for the said Governor or his Deputy, and theCun.pany for the t.n.e being or th. greater part of then, which then shall happen to be present where., the Governor of tl.e said Company or his Deputy for the tin.e being to bo one. to elect and nominate seven of the saul Company, which shall l>e a Committee of the said Company for one wholeyea.- from thence next en.uing, which persons being so elected and nominated to be a Com- mittee of the said Company as aforesaid. Is^fore they be admitted to the execution of their office shall take a corporal oath l.efore the Governor or his Deputy, an.l any three or more of the said Com- 40mittee of the said Company. l>eing their last predecessors, that they and every of them shall well and faithfully perform their sai.l office of Committees in ul! things concerning the same, and that immchate ly after the sa..l oath so taken, they shall and may execute and use the.> said oflic; of Com- mittees of tlu, sa.d Con.pany f.,r one whole year from thence next following: And mohkovku our will and pleasure IS and by these presents, for us, our .eirs and successors, we do grant unto the said Governor and Company, and their successors, that when and as often as it shall happen, the Governor or Depu y Governor of the said Company for the time being, at any time within one year after that he shall be nom.nated. elected and sworn to the office of the Governor of the said Company, as is afore- sanl, to die or to bo removed from the sniJ office, which Governor or Deputy Governor not demeaning himself well in his sa..i ..fl,.e wk will to be ..movable at the plea.sure of the rast of the said Company 50 -r the greater part of them which sha.l b. present at their public assemblies commonly called their' General C.urts. holden f.,r the said Co.npany. that then and so often it sh^ll arl m- ^^ i-.r... » ^ for the resuiuo of the said Con.pany for the time being, or the greater part of them, within a con- venient time alter the death or removing of any such Oovcnor or Deputy Governor, to assemble JofKT Al'l'«Nll|I. H,v. V. hiifirnitt StatiUrt «/ ■' Aet»ii< S. ■ . '"(iriri tiUt* Vurtli . nl Ihr llimi, • -i HiiiUiiii'ii lltj <'<>iii|iiui¥'a Charter, 1B70. in I'M-. au n Joint tlipinsclvos in Hiu'h coiivoniont place as tlioy sliall think fit, for the election of the Governor or the ._ ■ Deputy (inviriior of tho saiil Coiiipaiiy ; and tiiat tho .said t'oiiipiuiy, or tiio greater part of them, being ''*!'■ till II and tlicie pie.sent, sliall and niav, tlien and there, before tlieir departure (Vays, inlets and rivers within the promises, an.l the fish therein taken, together with ihe royalty of the sea \\\wu tho coasts within the limits aforesaid, and ail mines royal, as well discovered as not discoveiod, of go'd, ^q silver, gems aiul precious stones, to be found or discovered within the territories, limits and |ilaces afore- said, and that tho said land be trom henceforth reckoned and reputed as oiio of our [dantations or colonies in America, called " Kupert's Land." Ami FiUiTiiEii WE DO, by these presents, for us, our heirs and successors, make, create, an.l constitute tho said Oovornor and Company for the time Iwing, and their siiceossorH, the true and absolute lonU anaiiy, ) one, being |)laee, elect n the placo us SI) nomi- 186 the said lid, for the o : .(> lIudMon's lire especial 30 se proso-ite, iipany, ami creeks and louly called eiititincs of iHsossed by !o or Suite, l>ays, inlets le sea njwn ad, of gold, 40 laces aforo- ntatiotu or 1 conslituto oiiitu lonls NU ALWAYS e, to HAVE, «o premises •orogativos, • successors ^q d4<( for ever, TO BE HOLDEN of us, our heirs and successors, iw of our manor at East Oroenwich, in our county of Kent, in free and common soccage, and not in capito or by Knight's service, YIELDINO AND PAYlNCJ yearly to us, our heirs ium! successors, for the Haine, two elks and two black leavers, wlicnsoev.r and as often as we, our heirs and successors, shall happen to enter into the said countries, territories an necessary, retjuisitti or convenient for the observation of the same laws, constitutions, orders and ordinances ; and the same fines and amerciaments shall and may, by their officers and servants from time to time to be appointed for that pur|M)se, levy, take and have, to the use of iho said (Jovernor and Company, and their successors, without the impediment of us, our 30 heirs or succeiisors, or any of the officers or minister's of us, our heirs or successors, and without any account therefor t^^ us, our heirs or successors, to he made : All and singular which laws, constitutions, orders, and ordinances, so as aforesaid to be made, WE will to Imj duly observed and kept under the pains and penalties therein to be contained ; so always as the said laws, constitutions, orders and ordinances, tines and amerciaments. In; reasonable and not contrary or repugnant, but as near as may be agreeable to the laws, statutes or customs of this our realm. And ru rthrrmorb, of our ample and abimdant grace, certain knowledge and mere motion, wk have granted, and by the.se presents, for us, our heirs and succassors, Do grant unto the said Governor and Company, and their successors, that they and their successors, and their factors, servants and agents, for them and on their behalf, and not oth^iwi.se, shall for ever hereafter have, use and enjoy, not oidy the 40 M'hole, entire, and only trade and traffic, and the whole, entire, and only lilxjrty, use and privilege of trading and trafficking to and from the terriUiry. limits and places aforesaid, but also the whole and entire trade and traflic to and from all havens, l»a.vs, creeks, rivers, lakes and seas, into which they shall fitid entrance or passage by water or land out of the territories, limits and places aforesaid ; and U> and with all the natives and jwople inhabiting, or which shall inhabit within the territories, limits and places aforesaid ; and to and with all other nations inhabiting any the coasts adjacent to the said terri- tories, limits and places which are not already possessed as aforesaid, or whereof the solo lilierty or privilege of trade and traffic is not granted U> any other of our subjects. And wk, of our further Uoyal favour, ami of our more especial grace, certain knowledge and mere motion, have granted, and by these proscias, for us, our heirs and successors, do grant to the said Gov- Rn nmnr A.nil (Vininnnv &nil t^i thoir iiu....u <>.•» n«:>l.«. il.» „..:.: i„__:i.._: i: :i- : ..i i. i.. — „__ , ^. . — „*. — .. — . ,„^ «..^« ,.,......,.. .-..« — ... .rr: t n-_ri ir3, ::tu:L3 si:u jnaccs i:crCuT granted as aforesaid, nor any j»art thereof, nor the islands, havens, porta, cities, towns, or places thereof .foiST ArpiNini. Sec. V. Imperial Staiutrt nm/ AcUof Statf, bfnrityff on thr Qurttion oflhr HimtviarifM, lliiilmiii'H Hfty ('nlll|>lktiy'll Cliiu-tcr, IK70. % .Illl.VT AfHiSiti\. a.w7v. Imprriiil Slnliiliji mill Aftt nf Slilli, htiirinij nil Ihr i^iirtli'iii nf «, iUiMHilnrif. \\\\i\Mmn Hay ''•'lli|iiniy'i. rimrtrr, liirii, 846 or therein contained, Rhall be visile.!, fro<,.ienU..l or haunte.l J.y any of the aubjeets of m, our heirs or suecossors, contrary to tl>e true n.eaninK -f these pre-s.-nts, an.l by virtue of our prerogative royal which wo will not have in that behalf aryue.l or brought int.. <,uestion : \Vk stuaitly charge, cuminand and prohibit l.jr us. our heirs an.l successors, all the subjects of us, our heirs an.l successors, of what degree or quality soever they be. that none of tliem. .li.ectly or indirectly .lo visit, haunt, Irequent or trade tralhc. or a.lventure. by way ..f merchandise, into .,r from any of the said territories, limits or places hereby gianted or any or either of them, other than the sai.l Governor or Company, an.l such particular persons as n..w bo or hereafter shall Ik.- of that Company, their agents, faeto.-s an.l assigns, unless It be by the license and agreement of the sai.l GoveiiDr and Company in writing tii^t ha.l and obtained un.ler their common seal, to I* grante.l, up.)n pain that every such j.ei-son or pei-s.jus that shall tra.lo or 10 trattic xnU> or Iron, any of the coiir.tries, territories, or limits aforesaid, other than the said (Jovernorand Company, an.l their suece,ss..rs, shall incur our in.lignation, and the f..rfeiture and the loss of the g.mds merchandizes and other things whatsoever, which so shall be brought into this realm of England or any ol the .l.,minions of th.. sam.., contrary to our sai.l pn.hibition, or the purport or true meaning of these presenus, or which the said (J..vemor an.l Company shall Hn.l, take and seize in other places out of our dominion, where the said Company, their agents, factors or ministers shall trade, tratKc or inhabit by the virtue of thes,' our letters patent, as also the ship and ships, with the furniture thereof, wherein such goo.ls, merchandizes an.l other things shall be brought and foun.l ; and one-half of all the sai.l for- feitures to be t« ua, our heirs an.l succe**ors. and the other half thereof wk do, by these presents, clearly and wholly, f..r us, our heirs and successors, give an.l grant unto the sai.l Governor and Company and 20 their successors : And KUivniKit, all an.l every the sai.l otlen.lers, f„r their sai.l cntempt, to suffer such other punishment as to us. our heirs an.l successors, for so high a c.ntempt. shall seem meet and con- venient, and n..t l>e in any wise .lelivered until they and every of them shall Iwcome bound unto the said Governor for the time being in the sum of One thousand pounds at the least, at lu. time then after to trade or tralhc into any of the sai.l phices, seas, straiUs, bivys. ports, havens or territories afonsaid ..mtrary to our express omman.lment in that l^ehalf set down and publishe.l : And fi^ktuku of our more especial grace, wk iuvk coiide.scen.le.l an.l grante.l, an.l by these presents, for us. our heirs and successors, no grant unto the sai.l Governor and Company, an.l their successors, that we, our heirs and successors will not grant liberty, license or power to any person or pei-sons whatsoever, contrary to the tenor of these our letters patent, U, tra.le. trafHc or inhabit, unt,3 or upon any of the territories, limits 30 or places afore specK.od, contrary t<. the true meaning of these pivsents, without the .•onsent of the .said Governor and (-ompany. or the most part of them: And, of our more abundant grace and favour of he .sai.I Governor rihd (;.mipai,y, WK lu, hereby declare our will and pleiwuro to be. that if it shall so happen that any o the pe.^ons free or to be free of the sai.l C.mipany of A.lveiiture>-s of Englan.l tra.l- nig into lluds.,n s liay, wl... shall, before the going forth.of any ship or ships app.,inted for a voyage or otherwise, pr..mise or agree, by writing un.ler his or their hands, to adventure any sum or sums of money t<.war.ls the uriushing any provision, or maintenance of any voyage or v.iyages. set forth or to be et forth, or inten.led or meant t.. In, set forth, by the said Govern.,r ami Company, or the most part of th.i. present at any public assembly, commonly callc.l their General Court, shall not, within the space of twenty .lays next after warning given to him or them by the said Governor or Company or 40 their km,wn officer or min.sU..r, bring in and .lelivor to the Treasurer or Treasurers app..int...rfor fhe (..m,mny, such suins of money as shall have been expressed and set down in writing by he sai.l person orpers..ns,subscr.be.lwiththo nanie of said Adventurer or A.lventurers. that tla./and at alUi.n after . shall and may 1. lawful to an.l f..r the said Governor ami Company, or the more part of them present wnereof the sai.l Governor or his Deputy to be one, at any of 11 (bmeral C.anL or gen rll a^n.bl..s,t.. remove an. disfranchise him or them, and every su.=h person ami pei.ons at their wT^U an.l p easures, and he or they s,. remove.l ami .lisfranohise.l. n..t to be permitte.l J trade int., the coun- nes. territories, and limits afore.sai.l, or any par. thereof, nor to have'any a.lventure or stock goinror emaiii.ng wih or amongst the sai.l Company, without the special license of the sai.l Governor am 7ol"^..TZ 1 fr T"'','" ?" •^"'f "■^' '•""''' '" ""y "'■^'' "-t-thstun.liiig. AND ouB wnx AND PLEA.ya^ ... and hereby w. do also ordain, that it shaU and may Ik, lawful to and for the said 5( r heirs or ,'al, which imiid and lat (lugrco or trade, or places particular M, unless obtained, I trade or 10 ornor and ho ^oods, gliiml, or .'aniiig of )lacus out ir inhabit , wherein sai shall so Jul trad- oya/,'e or sums of rth or to lost part thin the pany, or 40 1 for the li person ill times of thorn general fir willa le coun- ijoing or nor and I behalf, 50 UR WILL the said 347 Governor and Company, or the greater part of them, whereof the Governor for the time being or his Deputy to Ikj one, to admit into and to be, of the said Company all such servants or factors, of or for the said Company, an.l all si-H, others as to them or the most part of them present, at any Court held for the said Company, the Governor or his De;)Mty being one, shall bo thought fit and agreeable with the ordei-s an)vemor and Com- pany of A.lventuieis of England trading into Hudson's Bay, that all lands, islands, territories, planta- tions, forts, f.)rtifications, factories or colonies, whore the said Compnny's factories and trade are or shall l»e, within any of the ports or places afore limited, sliall be immediately and from lienceforth under the IM.wer an.l command of the sai.l Governor and C<»npany, their successors and assigns ; SAVisn the faith an.l allegiance iUo to Im performed to us, our heirs and successors, as aforesaid ; and that the said Governor and Jompany shall have liberty, full p.nver and authority to appoint and establish Governors 20 and all other officers to govern them, an.l that the Governor and his Council of the several and respec- tive places where tho said Compasiy shall have plantations, forts, factories, colonies or places of trade within any of the countries, lands or territories hereby grunted, may have ;iower to judge all persons belon|,'ing to the sai.l (Governor and Company, or that shall live un.ler them, in all causes, whether civil or criminal, according to the laws of the kingdom, an.l to execute justice accordingly; and in case any crime or mis.lfiiieanor shall be committe.i in any of the said Company's plantations, forts, factories, or places of tra.le within the limits aforcsai.l, where ju.licaturo cannot he executed for wa'-/ of a Governor and (;.)uneil tlu-re, tlwii in such case it shall an.l may be lawful for the chief Factor of tha*, place and his Council to transmit the party, together with the otience. to sucli other planUtion, factory or fort where there shall Ik- a Governor ami Council, where justice may be execute.l, or into this kingdom of England, 30 as sliall bo thought most convenient, there to receive such punishment as the nature of his otfence shall deserve : And morkovkr, our will an.l pleasure is, an.l by these presents, for us. our heirs ami successors, WE no oiVK an.l grant unto the sai.l Gcvernor ami Cmipany, an.l their successors, free liberty and license, in case they conceive it necessary, to send either ships of war, men or ammunition into any of their idantationr,, forts, factories, or places of trade aforesaid, for the security and defence of the same and to ch(H>se comman.l.'r> an.l (((licers over them, an.l to give them power ami authority, by cmmission un.ler their common seal, or .jtherwise, to continue to make peace or war with any pi-ince or people whatsoever, that are not Christians, in any place where tho said Company shall have any plantations, forts ..r factories, or a.ljacent th.Tcto, an.l sh.ill be most for the advantage an.l benefit of the sai.l Gov- ernor and Company, or of their trade ; an.l also to right an.l recompense themselves upon the goods ^Q estates, or i)eoplo of those parts, by whi>m tho said Governor and Company shall sustain anv injury, loss or ilamago, or upon any other jieople whatsoever, that shall in any way, contrary to the int«nt of these' presents, interruj)t, wrong or injure them in their trade, within tho sai.l places, territories and limits granted by this Charter: An.l that it shall an.l may bo lawful to and f.)r the said Governor and Com- pany, and their successors, from time to time, and at all times from henceforth, to erect aiut build sudb castles, fortifications, forts, garris.)ns, colonies or plantations, towns or villages, in any parts or place* within the lisnits ami boun.ls granted l)ef.)ro in these presents unto the said Governor nn.l Company, $m they in their discretion shall think fit and re.piisito, and for tho supply of such as shall Iw needful and convenient, to keep an.l lie in the ssme, to sen.l out of this kingdom, to the said castles, forts fortifica- tions, garrisons, colonies, plantations, t.iwns or villages, all kinds of clothing, provisions or victuals ,jj ammunition and implements necessuy for such purpose, (mying the duties and customs for the fame' as als.) to traiisiK)rt and carry ovtr such num' jr of men beintr willintr theionnt.j. or not •ir'.diihiti'!! &s they shall think lit, and also to govern ther m such legal and reasonable manner as the said Governor and Con>i«ny shall think best, and to inflict punishment for misdemeanours, or impose such fines .F.lINT Aip'KNDIX. S.K:. V. JiiifH-nat Siiitiili't und Acti.,f Stale liittriiiij oh ttn t/iirnti'm n/ thr Hnuittluriit. IIikIkiiii'i Kay • '"laiittiiy'ii < 'hart«r, 1070. 348 Arpi*?!!!!. "P°" '*''''" '"'" '^'■^.'*<''' °' ''»°''' o"'«" ** Jn these presents are formally expressed : Anu furtiikr. our __^ ' will and pleasure is, and by these presents, for us, our heirs and successors, we do grant unto the said /«/.fri.'i/ ' Qovrnor and Company, and to their successors, full power and lawful authority to seize upon the per- ATo'.^Uf, """" °' *" "".^'^ KnK'ish. or any other our subjects, which shall sail into Hudson's Bay, or inhabit in any Uarint/on ' of the Countries, islands, or territories hereby granted to the said Governor and Company, without their o/ih""""" '«ave and license, and in that In-half first had and obtained, or that shall contemn or disobey their houmiaru,. orders, and send them to England ; and that all and every iwrson or persons, being our subjects, any ^om,«ny""*' *°'^'* f'Hplt'yed by the said Governor and Comi)any, within any the parts, places, and limits aforesaid, Clim«r, itiro. shall be liable unto and suffer such punishment for any offences by them committed in the parts afore- said, aa the President and Council for the said Governor and Company there shall think fit, and the 10 merit of the offence shall require, as aforesaid ; and in case any pej^on or persons being convicttd and sentenced by the President and Council of the said Governor and Company, in the conntiies, Innds, or limits aforesaid, their factors or agentji theio, for any offence by them done, shall appeal from tlie same that then and in such case it shall and may be lawful to and for the saiil President p,nd Council, factors or agents, to seize upon him or them, and to carry him or them hon\e prisoners into England, to the said Governor and Company, there to receive such condign punishment as his case shall require, and the law of this nation allow of ; and for the better discovery of abuses and injuries to be doi;e unto the said Governor and Company, or their successors, by any servant by them to l>e employed in the said voyages and plantations, it shall and may be lawful to and for the said Govarnorand Company, and their respective President, Chief Agent, or Governor in the parts aforesaid, to examine upon oath all factors, masters 20 pursers, supercargoes, commanders of castles, forts, foitifications, plantations or colonies, or other persons, touching or cc..;;crning any matter or thing in which by law or usage an oath may be administered, so as the said oath, and the matter therein contained be pot repugnant, but agreeable to the laws of this realm : And wk do hereby stniitly charge and command all and singular our Admirals. Vice-Admimls, Justices, Mayors, Sherifis, Constables, Bailiffs, and all and singular other ouroflicers, ministers, liege men and subjects whatsoever to be aiding, favouring, helping, and assisting, to the said Governor and Com- pany, and to their successors, and their deputies, officers, factors, servants, assigns and ministers, and every of them, in executing and enjoying the premises, as well on land as on sea, from time to time, when any of you shall thereunto bo required ; ANY STATUTK, act, ordinance, proviso, proclamation or restraint heretofore hail, made, set forth, ordained, or provided, or any other matter, cause or thing 80 whatsoever to the contrary in anywi/je notwithstanding. In witness whereof we have caused these our Letters to be made Patent. Witness ouusELr at Winchester, the second day of May, in the two-and-twentieth year of our reign. By Writ of Privy Seal. PiaoTT. Imiw-riitl Act, yw A .M., C»|. 16, Him*. 1, liJUU, IMPERIAL ACT, 2 W. & M., CAP. 18, SESS, 1 (1690). . 1«90. CONFIRMINO THK HUDSON'S BAY COMPANY'.S CHAUTKR FOR SKVKN YEARS. An Act for Confirming to tue Governor and Company tkadinq to Hudson's Bay thfjb Pbivileoks and Thadino." F(.ras.mi'ling some trade Cor furs, minerals and other considfrabie conunodities, and that by such their underUklng they hud ma the said d the law I the said 1 voyages oHpectivo , masters SO ' persons* itcred, so I of this Ldniiruls, iege men id Coni- ters, and tc time, latiun or or thing 80 ur reign. 3TT, Y TUEIR r, under 40 r oi his fMjmarIc, fn great pica, for ~alK and covcries <.ch, and ' 349 for other reasons and motives in the said Charter mentioned, his said late Majesty was graciously pleased thereby to incorporate, create and make the said Prince Rupert, Duke of Albemarle, Earl of Craven, and other the Lords and persons therein particularly named, uid such othns a.H should bo admitted into the Society (as therein is mentioned), one body corporate and politic in deed and name, by the name of the (Jovernor and Company of Adventurers of Kngland trading into Hudson's Bay, and by that name to have perpetual succession, and to sue and be sued, take, purchase or grant ; and by the said Letters Patent or Charter of incorporation provision was made as w.ill for the appointment and constitution of the first and present, as well as for the choosing, appointing and admitting of all future governors, deputy-f,'overnoi-s, committees, meml^rs and officers of the said Company, and for the 10 making of laws, constitutions and ordinanees, and for the government of the said Company and trade, and otherwise, and the sole trade and commerce of all the seas, straights, bays, lakes, rivers, creeks and sounds, in whatsoever latitude they shall be, that are within the entrance of the straights commonly called Hu.ison's Straights, together with all the lands and the territories upon the countries, c<>a.sis and confines of the seas, bays, lakes, rivers, creeks and sounds aforesaid, which were not then actually possessed by or granted to any of his sai.l late Majesty's subjects, or passessed by the subjects of any other Christian prince or state, with divers and sundry privileges, liberties, jurisdictions, franchises, powers and authorities to punish offenders, to sue for and recover penalties, with other powers and authorities, matters and things, in the said U'ttera Patent or Charter of incorporation mentioned and expressed, were thereby granted to and invested in the same said Company and tlieir successors for 20 ever, in such sort, manner and form m in and by the said Charter or Letters Patent, or enrollment theraof, is mentioned and expressed, and as thereby more fully appears : And forasmuch as the 8aireditamen(,8, matters and things whaLsoever] and of what nature an.l kind soevor thereby given, granted or demitted, or mentionec^ to be given' granted or demitted to the said Prin:e Rupert, Duke of All>emarie, Earl (.f Craven, and other the Lords anil persons therein particularly rcu i .:, nad tliereby incorporated, and to the Governor anurs, 'oic iv .lud servants, of or upon ilio said tiovernor and Cuinpany for the titne being, and their succ>}t,- sv it otherwise liowsoevor, with and under such ro.strahits and j)iMhibition8,»nd subject and iiabl© to such forfeitures and remedies for recovering thereof, as in the said Joint AppRsnix Sec. V. Imiirrial Statutrx tlHll Ai-li ii/.V(i«c. btiiriiifi nil Ike Vu. Ifi, Sou. I. lOM). f iMfiiwaTi '^J^;?.l'"'f^^tf ^'^f -.-^ Joint ArpiMDU. Imperial Stahiiraaml Ai-I» ii/Slalf, f'"irhtii tin ..fill. BiiUH'tiirirM. Imp. Aot, 9 W. * M., s ; Penalty on neglect Sec. 8. Party aggrieved may appeal to the Queen in Council ; 22 Geo. II., c. 3. Sec. 9. No mariner serving on board privateer, or trading-ship in America, or being on shore there 30 'lable to be impressed unless dcsertei-s ; Penalty. Sec. 10. No privateer or trading-ship to entort*in deserters from shipsof war ; Penalty. Sec. 11. From 25th April, 1708. Comman-lers, etc., before they set sail from port, to deliver a list of their men to officers of castoias, etc. ; Penalty. Sec. 12. Officers to return to master an attested copy of suth list, etc. Sec. 13. Trading ships and packet boats to America, to carry with them mariners for the Queens ships there, etc. ; On Penalty. ^ Sec. 14. Queen (during war) may grant commissions, etc., to take or destroy enemies' shira goods etc.. in any part of America, etc. ; An-l assure to then, what ships, etc., they shall so take, etc ' S«c 16. Qufcn's subjects to enjoy a free trade to America. 40 Sec. IG. No ship to molest tl.e subiecta of Snaiu «n th"!" ♦•••ii» &te hsta: »;- !- " • Chagres ; 3 asvl 4 Anim, c. 13. w, and to all 111 SUCCOiMOrH Ts from time to the form, , ami that im CM Patent or ncntionoil to riiftiiiont, any jf. I'rovidt'il tul Company 10 aur, and tliut . valuo ; and ate contract, r now in the L'untiniio and Parliament sscd. 80 by 9 Anne :»ptors. y on neglect shore there, 30 vera list of he Queen's lips, goods, 4U 8.M Sec. 17. rommanden, of privateers, etc., te he Kuhject to the law., in relation to Mavw. fourt^tlS;:;"f2^:r''?:'r"^ '™""^ '"^^ -^^ ^ "*^'«^'-' '^ K..reign.amen; . aa one «ubje!u ''■ ^"'•"'e" "''"•"«" ««^^"'«^«'«y«'^" on board any British ship., to bo deen.ed natural-born Sec 20. Queen may licen.so 20 ship., bought in foreign parts, to be used for privateers • And at the end of the war bo deemed liriti.sh ships ; 12 Car. 2. c. 1« I'nvaiters, And at the Sec, 21. Queen's subject, may tra. 87. 1707. IMPERIAL ACr. 18 GEO. II., CAP. XVII.. (1745;. An Act for o.v.no a p.^bmc Rkwah,, to such pek.s„n on .-KasoNs H.s Ma.,kstVs suiwect or SUBJECTS A8 .SHAt... nrs.OVEn A N0HTH-WE.ST PASSAOE THHOt;o„ H.TDSON's StHE.UHT8 TO TUK Wksteun AND Southern Ocean OF A.meri(;a. Whereon tho dis.-overing of a North-West Passage through Hudson's Straights, to the Western , . . 20 Wican Ocean, wdl be of groat benefit and advantago to the trade of this kingdcm. : A^, wll it «^'- W.11 be a great encouragement to adventurers to attempt the fame, if a public reward wa. givln tLsuc " "'' pe,.on or persons ., .shall make a perfect di.scovery of the said passage' May it therefL' leL^ " Majesty that it may l>e e.iacted ; an -^ «-t Sec. 3. Adventurers to be assisted in distress.] TV. Provided always that nothing in this Act shall any ways extend, or bo construed to Uk. away or prejudice any o the estates, right, or privileges of, or Udonging to the Governor and ^m pany of adventurers of England trading into Hudson's Bay "ovornor and com- hs and the ROYAL PROCLAMATION OF 1768. ESTABLISHING QUEBEC AND OTHER PROVINCES. Oeorue R. Whereas we have taken into our roynl co.mideration the extensive and valuable acquisitioiw in r„^ ^... *' ofTZ;:::;"' "^ "r,^'r-»/'>: ^*>« >f ^'''«-^'ve treaty of peace, concluded .t PaiisT 1.^1^; S"-^" . — — i«.»,g ,{fe!ruu= vhat all ouriovmg suDjocM. as woii of our kingdoms as of vmt ^.loniesm America, may avail themselves, with all convenient speed, of the great Wnffi' and ^^rT' Ug- which mu«t accrue therefrom to their commerce, manufactures, and nav^ation. we h.y. thllht JolMT Imprrial Slnliilei iiw' AcUitf Slatf litariini «n thf ffuettion nt Ihi tliHivlarifi. I!...v»i »'r..- rUin»li<>n ™pn,hon,H„K Ih. W.»<1 ol lh.t n.me, u.g«h.r „th Ih. Or.r..U,i«». .nJ th. W.na. r.t Domimo., St, Vi««nt, »n.l T..l««a. A„a to th. .na ,.»t th. op... .0.1 (r.. a.h.ry ot »' -"i-- '^ ^, "Sur! l^*™ o^f »™ Iho c.™ .n.. in.p.ctio„ ot our Oo.omor ot N.«tounal.na. .„,, ^;r rorr„:yl;:^i :: ^^ r e^::^l=^^^^^^^ """'w. h.v. ..«., -iih th. .avic. ot our Privy Oouneil .to^^a. «,n.x.i to our Provinc. ol Ooorgia .11 th. Una. lying h«tw«.n th. riv.r. Atttmnh. .n.l bt. Maty .. those wno are an., oi uttnri. natent under our great seal of Great Britain, Dy thi.. our proclamation, that ^ h-^' ^^ ^n C^'^ po-r and dfrection to our governors of our 40 in those colonies ^'^^f "'^"f^J^^tT ^th the consent of our said (Council «ul the rcprosenUtives of 30 s.^.l our Province of M nformi.I. a I porsotm inlmhitinK in. or roRorti„K t'>. o"r said colonies, may confide in our royal protocUoa f..r tl.o ..nj..vu.ont .,f tho L.-nofit of ti... laws of .,ur n-aln, ..f Kngland, f„r wl.icl. pur.mo wo havogiv.,. ,.ow..r„«.ler..ur groat soal ... tl.o ^.n-ernors of „ur said colonies respectively to ere.-t and con«t.tute, w.t.,t),« n.lvice. of o„r sai.l Couneils respectively, courtM of judicature and puhli.- juntico w, Inn our sai-l colonies, for the I.eHring a„.l detern.inin« all onuses, as well rrin.i.ml as civil, aeoonling to law an.l equity, and, as near as may l,e agreeable U, the lawH of Knglan.l, with lilH,rty to all persons who may think thon.selves aggrieved by tho sentence of such courts, in all civil cases, to appeal under the usual limitatKins and restrictions, to us in our Privy Council. j^^ Wo have also thought lit. with tho advice of our Privy Council as aforesaid, to give unto the governors and councds of ..ur said three now col.mios upon the continent, full power and authority to settle and agree with tho inhnhitan'^ .i our said new colonies, or any other ,,er«on who shall resort thereto. f.;r such lands, tenements, and i.ereditnments. as are now, or hereafter shall bo. in o.ir power to .lisposo of. an.l them to grar.t to any such jK-rson or persons, upon such terms, and under such moderate quit-ronts Horviees, and acknowledgments as have Ucn appointo.l nnd settled in other colonies and under such ..ther con.litions as shall appear to us to be necessary and expedient for the atlvanta^e of the grantees, and the improvement and settlement of our said cl.mies. And whereas we are dosir.ms. upon all occasions. U> testify our royal sense and approbation of the conduct an.l bravery of tho otfieei^i an.l s<.Micrs of our armies, and to reward the same, we do hereby conunan.l an.l en.p.,wer our governors of our sai.l three new clonics, and other our governors of our 2„ several provin.-es on tho .•ontim-nt of North America, to grunt, without fee or reward, to such reduced ofhcers and sol.liors as have serv..! in North Ameriai .luring the late war. and are actually resi.ling there, an.! shall personally apply for tl,e sam.>, tl.o following .pmntities of land, subiect. at tho expira- tion often yoai-s.to th.-same.,uit-r<-nts as .Hher lamls aie subject t.. in the PrdVinco within which they are granted, as also subject to tho same conditions of cultivati.>n and improvement. v\z. : To every per8.jn having tho rank of a fiel.l officer, 5,000 acres. To every captain. ."J.OOO acres. To every suUltern oi- staff-otKcer, 2.000 acres. To every non-commissi.)ned otKcer. 200 acres. To every privaUj man. 50 acres. Wo .!.> likewise authorize an.J rcpiire the governors an.l commanders in chief of all our said col- onies up..,, the continei.t ..f N..rtl. America, to grant tho like .,uantitie. of land, and upon the same conditions, to such reduce.l ..tHcers ..f ..ur navy of like rank as served on board our sh^ .s of war in North America at tho times .,f the reduction of Louish..urg an.l Quebec, in tho late war. an.l who shall personally apply to our res|)ective governors for such grants. And whereas it is Just an.l ivasonable, and essential to ..ur interest, ami the security of our colonies that the several nations or tribes of In.lians, with whom wo are connecte-l, and who live un-ier our protection, shoul.l not Ihj moleste.l or disturU-d in the possession ..f «uch parts of our dominions and territories a.s, n..t having In-ei. ce-l.-l to us. are reserved to them, or any of them, aa their hunting gr..un.ls; w.- do therefore, with tho n.lvice of our Privy Council, declare it t.) be our royal will and ^„ pleasure, that no g..venior or commander-in-chief ;., any of .mr col.mies of gueWc. Kast Flori.la or We.st Klori.la. -lo presume, up..n an)' pretence whatev.er. to grant warrants of survey. ..r pass any patents for lun.ls l)oyon.l the U.uml.s ..f thoir respective govornment.s, as .lescril)ed in their commissions • as also that no governor or .omman.ler-in-chiof of ..ur other c.,l.)nies .,r plantations in America do presume for the present, and until our further pleasure be known, to grant warrants of survey, or pass patents' for any lands In-yon.! tho hea.ls ..r souiees ..f any of tho rivers which fall into the Atlantic Ocean from .ho west or north-west, or upon any lan.U whatever, which, not having been ceded to or purchased by us as aforesaid, are reserved to the said Indians or any of them. And wn do fiirfhAr iImpIbpo !> «.> 1.^ ...... .»...! _.:ii „-j _■ . /■ .\ ... _ .„ .^5, ^,1, aijg pjcaaarc^ for t{jo prosent, as atoresaid, to re^rve under our Sovereignty, protection, and dominion, for tho use of the said Indians, all the lan.l and twritoriee not included within the limita of our said throe now Oovemmenta, or within the limits 4fi .l'U.'«T Ahhu-oih. H.V. V. iinfM ritif Sttitiiftf anil Ji'lt I,/ V/n/r, '■Mirill.; '.II Ml tjHrgtitin ■ 'fill, /'"liii'/uriM K'.yitl l>n>. claiimtiol. of Ktia. ?.() iii Joarr Imfirttt SUUntaand AettqfStaU tSt muHvm of tit Boundmrkt. Rojrkt Pr» oluiuktion of 17«1 of the territory granted to the Hudson's Bay Company ; aa also all thu land and territoritw lying to the westward of the sources of the riven which fall into the sea from the west and north-weat aa aforesaid ; and we do hereby strictly forbid, on pain uf our displeaaure, all our loving Hubjects from making any purchases or settlements whatsoever, or talcing poaseasion of any of the lands above reserved, without our especial leave or license for that purpoae fint obtained. And we do further strictly ei^oin and require all persona whatnoever, who have oither wilfully or inadvertently seated themselves upon any lands within the countries above described, or upon any other landH which, not having been coded to or |itiicha!ied by 'erHou who may incline to trade with the said Indians do take out a license for carrying on such trade from the Governor or Commander-in-Chief of any of our colonies respectively whf-ro such person nhall reside, and also give security to observe such regulations as we shall at any time think tit, by ourselves or comminsaries to be appointed for this purpose, to direct and appoint for the benefit of tho said trade : and we do hereby authorize, enjoin, and require the Governors and Commanders-in-Chief of all our colonies res{>ectively, aa well those under our immediate government, as those under the goveinment and direction of pro- prietaries, to grant such licenses without fee or reward, taking es|>eoial care to insert therein a condition SO that SQch license chall be void, and the security x ;<<''' ted, in case the f>erson to whom the same is granted shall refuse or neglect to observe such reg^? .<' ; .^ aa we shall think proper to prescribe as afore- •aid. And we do further expressly enjoin and reqi r i all officers whatever, as well military aa thoa* employed in the management and direction of the Indian aifairH within the territories reserved as afore- said, for the use uf the said Indiana, to seize and apprehend all persons whatever, who standing charged with treason, misprision of treason, murder, or other felonies or misdemeanors, shall fly from justice and take refuge in the said territory, and to send them under a proper guard to the colony where the urime was committed of which they shall stand accused, in order to take their trial for the same. Given at our Court at St. Jauies'a the 7th day of Gctober, 1763, in the third year of our reign. 40 9U tiim to the aforesaid ; laking any )d, without wilfully or n any other Indian! aa he Indf^^iu, ^0 la, in order eoonvinoed 0, with the 9 mak It any tartji of our any of the based only )« hold for thin which ble to Huch 20 ). And we kid Indiana nay incline Jovemor or rid also givu iniHsaries to e do hereby ■oai>ecti voly, tion of pro- a condition 30 the same is ibe as afore- ftry M thoM ed as afore - iing charged I justice and :e the crime r reign. 40 BOUNDARY DEh' RIPTIONF Ir IMPERIAL C0.\ IISSIONS TO THE OOVEPNOR OF QUEBEC AiND OTHER OFFICIALS. AJTEH THE TREATY OF PARIS, 1763. •foiirT ArpiNnii. fmpentil SUitutf$ atui AelM nffUal; hfannff on "L fmuia, C(ymM\\MaTy or SUward- "»"*^'"- Iin|wriiU Com- IIIIMIoM : aoth April, Okoroe thr Thcri. by the Orace olGo,!. of Orcat Britain. France and Ireland, King, Defender > f the "*" Faith, tic. 30TR APRtr, 1763. nuNHY Ki.LiH. EgQUiRK,— CVz-r/fe oj the Conneil of the Provin>'t General of ProvUiotiM ai t Stores, and Clerk .,/the KnrolmenU, To all to whom these presents shall come, greeting : Know ye that We, reposing especial tnist and confidence i the faithftilneiw. eipericnce and Joint AppR.vnix. Sec. A'. /itififrni/ Stat»lr,< (lllil AHs nf Slat:-, ftfiirin;/ on thf Qinnfinii ■'/III, InipiriHl Con iriissiniif* ; 2l8t Ni.vcin- hcr. 1 ref ,n and over Our Province of Quebec, in America; bounded on ^er thr^^^^^^^ ''"';"■ ^?'^ '^°™ ^''^"^-^ ^^^ '^ '- '^--' ^•>- the' head of tha 10 t^Rit, t r ; r r T'^'A''"' '' ^'"^^ Nipis^im, from whence the said line, crossing alonftrbfu 7'"r'r; ^' k''" ^^''""P'-">- f-^>-«ve degree, of northern latitude, pas.e! a ong he big .lands which du-ide the r.vers that en.p'y themselves into the said River St. Lawrence coast of the Gulf of St. Lawrence to Cape Rosiers; and from thence crossing the mouth of the River St. Lawrence by the west end of the Island of Anticosti, terminates at the aforesaid River St. John. 19th March, 1764. ""'' Faitfr&c'"'^''' ''' '"' """" "' """'' °' """'' ^^''""' ^'''"''- ^"'' ''''^^'- ^^'"g- ^'^^-d-- «f the 20 ^'" "prol°rl"^n' *^"T'' ^•''^""'' ^"' Captain-General and Governor-in-Chief in and over Our frovince ot Quebec, in America, greeting: We, confiding very much in your fidelity, care, and circumspection in this behalf, do by these ht: : \^ -"o r°";""V'"""-: °" P'^^"^'' omy, constitute and depute you, the said Jam Munay, Ks.pn-e Our Captain-General and Governor-in-Chief aforesaid, our Vice-Admiral Commissary and Deputy in the office of yice-Admiralty in Our Province of Quebec aforesaid, and ten i;o. eTtl "i^^^^^^^ .Unending and in the mantune parts of the same and thereto adjoining whatsoever; with power of enant ) T''''"'. "A^^'"^ ''" '"^- ^''^''- ^^'^^-^-S^^' emoluments, commod ties, and appur- tenan .s whatsoever due and belonging to the said office of Vice-Admiral. Commissary, and Deputy Tn 30 Our said Province o Quebec, and territories depending thereon, and maritime parts of the saLe and Tn En'llnd' '^ """"'"^ *° *'^ "''^^'^"^^'^ ^"^ ^'^'^'^^ ^' ^ur High Court of Admiral^ And We do hereby remit and grant unto you. the aforesaid James Murray, Esquire Our power and authority in and throughout Our Province of Quebec aforementioned, and tei'i tories "lereof a^d inantime parts whatsoever of the same and thereto adjacent, and also throughout all and ev rthe sea shores, pub he strean^s, ports, fresh water rivers, creeks and arms as well of t'he sea as of tie fvers and parIUa;l°r"f1b "'' fu""" °' ^"^'^''' ^^'^ '^™^°-'^ dependent thereon, and maHt me pa. ts whatsoever of the same and thereto adjacent, a. well within liberties and franchises as without PROCLAMATION OF GENERAL GAGE TO THE FRENCH SETTLERS OF THE ILLINOIS, 1764.t 40 I'rncUliiiltinll *T.iK A /i\ T«««-:..i ri • ■ - . - -, : : — ■- — _ *Lib. A (1) Imperial Com.nUsionB, fol. 1. Recorded in the Registrar's Office .^uVb^cTjune 7, ITbeT t Albach's Auiiah, p. 188. 40 Quebi'c* 3nJer of the ou, the aaid constitute ^', to bo Our boiJiided on ead of that 10 ne, crossing ude, passes ;. Lawrence rs and the the River t, John. territoriea der of the 20 i over Our ) by these aid James )mmissary, es thereon power of nd appur- )eputy, in 30 same and ildmiralty sower and sreof, and y the sea- ivers and maritime 'ithout. [E losts and St. Ange the inha- 40 \ 30 357 '«:^r;::S^r^s^;;^^^^^^^ "-- °^-mandant by the ge.rU ng the governmer!; of the count-^ ^ p Sr ,' II! t !fT A\ ^''°"''^«' '" ''''■ ^^P- ass-„n- Oage, who was at this time ti. Coin.n nder-i^' K'J^ b i ":; ^ "'" Foehuuation from General Whereas by the peace couchuled at Paris t f I^' ' ' f-ces m North America.] :- has been ceded to His BHtannic t'Ltv . >d 't /? ^ ^^ "^ ^ '-'"'""•^' ^"''^' *'^^ '^"""^'-y of Illinois l>y the troops of His Majesty, t oug d ,'a ', ts b ir/;"'"'"; "' ''" '''' '^^""^''^ <^^' '^ ^"i-i« make known to the inhabitants- ' ' '" determmed upon: We have found it good to .01^alt:^;^;:^t:;^r;;:^;^:^^ ^berty of the Cathone reHgion, as :^'i5:^r ;;f ii- ^i^^^^^^ t s- s -— i: ^;i the ol,l subject, '.f the King. °""^ '" ""^"' P"™'" ""'l ««■•='-»■ "d the liberty of tr.de, 11 fu.-ni,hed,vilho„rf„llp,„e,.forthir,,I,;p„r ° "'' '^«"""'' ""> """"•«' '"'o'. ™.l the »::tr^^^^^^^^^ -.. - Po..e.io„ . .„ necessity of recurring to force of arms and will find fl T ^^^ '"''^' "P^'"*^ ^'« Majesty the .ar,^ fan.e ilswhichamarchrl;:;;4r^^^^^ VVe direct tbat these presents be read, published and posted up in the usuZla^e Done and given at licad-quarters, New York si^med Iv.. x. T ' and countersigned by our Secretary, this ^Otl^^f D'rmber mi" ' '''''' "''' "'^ '^^^' '' --«• By His Excellency . Thomas Gage. G. Masturin. •TniNT Appe.mux, Sec. V. tm/urial >>t,Hntei and AcU nf State "mrimj im till- i/iirxtitin n/'hr H'lundariit. Proclamatinn of (iencral <■»(?«, 30th 1 't'ocmhiT, 40 7th Apeil, 1766. COMMISSION FROM LIEUTENANT-GOVE^r CARLETON TO ATTOKNEY GENEK., MASSERES, 17G6. ^A^'Ji^JNJiy-GENEKAL 25th September, 1766 -'J^X^rtZZS:^^.'^-'^ »' ^'™^" "— - Attorney-Oener.,. th. Witness Our trusty «md vell-b'-lnvor! *'- - rr ? i -^ Oo..„r.aC„„.J„.i.ChieI.tr„r^^^^^^^ Imperial Com mission, 7th April, 1766. Commission to Attorney- General Mafl- ■ores, of Que- bec, 25th Sep- tember, 17B6. I II APPBNniX. Sec, V. Impirial Stalitto nnd Art> of State, hfariiii} (in the Question oflh liou/ularif ,1, Imperial Com- iiiiasion, 12th April, 1768. 8TO in-r thereon in America, at our Castle of St. Lewis, in our City of Quebec, the twenty-fifth day of Sep- tember, in the year of our Lord one thousaml seven hundred and sixty-six, and in the sixth year of Our reign. Gut Carleton. BOUNDARY DESCRIPTION IN IMPERIAL COMMISSION TO THE GOVERNOR OF QUEBEC, 1768. 12th Apkil, 1768. Sir Guy Carleton, Gaptain-Genernl and Governor-in-Chief of the Province of Quebec * Our Province of Quebec in America, bounded on the Labrador Coast by the River St. John, and from thcuco by a line drawn from the head of that river through the Lake St. John to the south' end 10 of Lake Nipis.sim, from whence the said line crossing the River Saini Lawrence and the Lake Cham- plaiii in forty-five degrees northern latitude, passes along the high lands which divide the rivers that empty themselves into the said River Saint Lawrence from those which fall into the sea, and x'so along the north coast of the Bay Des Chaleurs and the coast of the Gulf of St. Lawrence to Cape xtoziers, and from thence crossing the mouth of the River Saint Lawrence by the west end of the Island of Anticosti, terminates at the aforesaid River of St. John, together with all the rights, members, and appurtenances whatsoever thereto belonging IMPERIAL ORDER IN COUNCIL, 1768, Confirming the Boundary Line between the Provinces of New York and Quebec, fixei* by Sir Henry Moore, the Governor of New York, and Brigadier-General Carleton, 20 LlEUTLA,.-,>r-GoVERNOR OF QUEBEC, AT A MEETING HELD FOR TIfAT PoRPOSE ; AND REGULAT- ING THE Claims Made by His Majesty's New Canadian Subjects to Lands situated on THE South Side of that Line. At the Court of St. James, the 12th day of August, 1768 : \"rdeH!, Present,— The King's Most Excellent Majesty, Duke of Grafton, Duke of Rutland, Duke of Cnmci'i" 12th Queensbury, Marquis of Gianby, Earl of Litchfield, Earl of Hillsborough, Earl of Shelburne. Viscount AuKu«ti76s. Weymouth, Viscount Falmouth, Viscount Barrington, Viscount ViUiers, Lord North, James Stewart McKenzie, Esq., Thomas Hartley, Esq., Sir Edward Hawke. Whereas there was this day read at the Board a'report from the Right Honourable the Lords of the Committee of Council for Phmtation afl'air.s, dated the ninth of this instant, upon considering a 30 report made by the Lords Commissioners for Trade and Plantations, upon an extract of a letter from Sir Henry Moore, Governor of New York, to the Earl of Shelburne, dated the 16th January last, relative to the settling of the boundary line between that Province and Quebec ; by which report it appears that it having been mutually agreed upon between Sir Henry Moore and the Commander-in-Chief of the Province of Quebec, at a meeting for that purpose appointed, that the line of division between theue provinces should be fixed at the 45th degree of north latitude, conformable to the limits laid down in His Majesty's proclamation of October, 1763 ; and it having heen ascertained and determined by proper observations where the said line would pass, it is therefore proposed that these proceedings above stated should be confirmed by His Majesty. His Majesty, taking the said report into consideration, was pleased, with the advice of His Privy 40 Council, to approve thereof, and doth hereby confirm the said proceedings above stated, and order that the said line of division be run out and continued as far as each Province respectively extends. Provided that nothing herein contained shall extend to aflTect the properties of His Majesty's new subjects having pu.ssessions under proper titles on those parts of the lands on the south side of the line, the dominion of which w as not disputed on the part of the Crown of Great Britain. * Lib. c. (3), Imperial CommiHiocg- foL -33. * New York Council Minutes, xvi. London Documents, xli. N, Y. Hist. Coll., Vol. i., p. 560. \ h day of Sep- h year of Our lRLETON. INOR OF ecr St. John, and tie south end 10 Lake Cham- le rivers that nd flho along ! i-toziers, and of Anticosti, ppurtenaaces EC, FIXEn BY 1 Carleton, 20 m Reoulat- SITUATED ON id, Duke of ne, Viscount nes Stewart he Lords of 3nsidering a 30 letter from last, relative t it appears >in-Chief of ;on between ts laid down ermined by idings above ' His Privy 40 I order that nds. ajesty's new of the line, > I 359 ^^^^'::^^^^^::::^:^fZ^^ h^« M^esty. new settlement and i.prov -ent. althou!" h tn aVw",:' "^ ."'^'^^ '\^y '^^^ ^'-e Lai JZ such possessors shall be entitled to s^ much of th aid clno ^'^"'t' u' ""'''' ''''"'"'• ^-' ^^at unprovements. at the rate of fifty acres /or eveil tl r e aPr^ 7" "" ''^"" ^' P^'oportioned to their grants for the same under the seal of the Pro^ce ^ Ne?Yo1r';' " Tr^'l: ''™"''^' ^''^>' '^^^ ""^ - provided a.so that the g.nt to no one pJl".:::!: t^ ^^^^^^^^^^^^ ^^ ^^Quelf:l:^/Zr^- -r:;;^-^^^^ ..d ^vmces ofZ Vork and 10 pleasure .ereby signified, and govern themtCsaerrdin^^^^^^^ "' *° '^'^ "'^^'^^ '' «'« ^^j-^y'^ Steph. Cottrell. Joint Sfc. V, Imjiti-Hil Statutes aiul ■^etsofstak- tieariny No. 4 and 5. have been received and laid The propositions towards forming a Gjvernmont for fl>. Tii- • r^ ^%'o by the inhabitants of that Distrfct, were ceHahi,v„ 7" Co^'^try, suggested to you long 20 v.^gant to afford the least ground for consid at 0- 1* * ^^ 7 °' ""'" '°° ^•"•"•'' -^^' -^- n^e that if those inhabitants have (as I coneei ve thev h^l^ "iT '"^""'"'''^ ""'' '«''"^ «^"^ '^PP-' ^o tmue in their possession.,, it is both danrorand it"^ \ T'f ' ""''^'' '"'^ ''"^^^ '' ^^^ ^0 con- lations, as may on the one hand ensure to Z 'nf t? f !!, ° ''""' '^"* ^'^^"^t ^'^^^""t ^n'^h re^u- they are entitled to expect, or on the otht .d t ul. 7^^^^^ ' !'! "-''• -'ii Hghts which hink It my duty to make this an object of ,ny atten on and T h T,"'' ^' '''^'"''' ' ^''^"' ''''^''^^^' to receive such lights from you as may direct mrudlnlf I P'' "P"" ^°"'" '•'^*"''" *« England, me to form an opinion of L'. may I ni7pC' Tot dol ""^ °' ^" ''"'' ^"^'•'^^^^' ^"^ '-^'^ ^ .nay b:::;:^t^vr^t:^rr^;[::t r-^^^^^^^ ^^ the effects of those abuses and disordrs we, in Tome of vour 7 " "?'""' " "''" ^'^^ -"^ ^ vailed tc a great degree of enormity in ihat country ^ "" '^''^^^'^'' ^°" '^^^ had pre- ^^^^^":ij:^^ ^r-'y .nakeapartof hey have been represented to be, but in the lilht of IS T ' l^""^''' "'^^^'^°"'^ *^^"d'tti. ^s tenance in right of possessions held under reguttftles' ' '''' ^'"^'^ P^''*^^^^^" ^^^ -"»- to whTchTh: ^!::7j^:;::t::;::, Lr ' ^ ^^^^-^ ^^r^ --*^-^- -^ ^^^ the danger the Savages, I feel impatient for the aiv c anTinformrT' °' '"■''"™''^ ^"^^ ^^^^^^^--^ -4s jects of so much importance, and I very rucl" „ et htr "'' "'"' '" ""'^^ ''''"' >''" ^ -l'' 40 ansen touching the legality of General HaldimaTrLkin,^J^^^^^^ 7^"'^ '^^ '^"^^""'^ ^^^-^ ^as as to make it necessary for me to desire vourlnge c^nt nlT"\ "'\ '^ ^''" '" ^"^'^ '^ «*«^« prepared for removing this difficulty has" but lust found 7 ! T"'^' ^"^ ^^ ''^^ ^'^ ^'"ch is unavoidably obliged to desire you wm not leave voifrL ZZu" '^' ^''''' '^ C°™»°««. 1 am meantime you will inform General H Idimand hat wlT bH U ^°" '^^^ '"^^'^^ '^°™ "^ ^ - ^^e a3po...trans.ttomeaproper^ Piiiiei-« astiJ establishing Civil (Joverii- "lent in the llliooii', 1773. Karl of J>art- inouth to liieutenaut- (Joneral Cage, 3rd .March, 1773. JllINT Ahpkndi.v, Sit V. 300 natural ho.n sul.jcct,, according to the forms prcscribcM] l,y the Act of th(. 2nd of His present Mniesty . n. 1 Ix.i.evo you will think- that it n.ay he proper to give the like intimation to all the foreign officers uiuler tile same predicament. I/n/'rri'tf Sffiliitm II ml J P Aet> ii/stiui; 1 am, (fee., hiiiriuit ijn thi QuiMiiin u/lhi Jiuiinitan'ts. Lieutenant-Oetioral Gage. Dartmouth. Daniel KIdiiiii til Kftil of lliirtiniiiitli, 4tli N'ovcni- Ut, 177.'). M. Daniel Blouin, Agent vor the Illinois Company, to the Earl of Dartmouth.* My Loud : I have delivered to General Haldimand a literal copy of the Sketch I mentioned to your Lordship in the Letter, of which I now enclose the duplicate, with another copy and translation of that Sketch. 10 We cannot believe the possibility of that Form of Government ever being adopted, unless our enemies succeed in falsely representing, that it is earnestly desired by the inhabitants. However, it is so evidently tyrannical that, should it be established, it could be of no long dura- tion; for, the disgrace which Great Britain must necessarily undergo, by establishing, in a country ceded to her, a form of government, much worse than those which now exist in any of°the French, or even of the Spanish Colonies, would soon make His Majesty sensible of the necessity of its bein>^ for ever abolished. ° Selfish men, who endeavoured to disguise their motives, when opposing the establishment of a civil government in the Illinois country, have artfully insinuated, that the expense would be too great for such an inconsiderabU- settlement : it is not even improbable, that they may have found 20 many, who were so weak and unguarded as to suffer themselves to be deluded by their sophistry " But, My Lord, besides the justice that tnere is in fulfilling the repeated promises made to us, " that we would enjoy that blessing," we know how much France and Spain dread that event; and, therefore, we can easily conceive t.^at tlie expense attending that Measure would be most amply compensated by advantages of the highest nature, and of wliich narrow minds can have no idea. As justice, humanity, and policy itself, concur in defeating the opposition of our enemies, we trust that your Lordship will patronize our cause ; and, instead of establishing in the Illinois country and under the sanction of His Majesty's authority an absurd and oppressive form of governr.. ont, we hope that those despotic states, that may at any time become the enemies of Great Britain, will be terrified at the effects, which liberty, lej^ally established in the most inconsiderable countries acquired 30 by her, will naturally produce in the minds of their unhappy and oppressed subjects. I have the honour to be, with unbounded confidence and the greatest respect, My Lord, your Lordship's most humble, most obedient and most devoted servant, Daniel Blouin. New York, November the 4th, 1773. Sketch of Government proposed to the Inhabitants of the British Part of the Illinois Country. '^rHm'elit^""" l^'autaut que les Habitants du Pais des Illinois ont souhaitos qu'un Gouvernement Civil fftt etabli proiKwed for chez eux, et qu'il ne dependrait plus sur lo Commandant des Troupes pour Gouverner le dit Pais, on 40 1773. '""'"' voudrait ecouter leurs Prieres, taut que la Situation du Pais le perinettroit, et on leur donne une Esquisse du Projet qu'on a formiS. Projet d'un Gouvernement pour les Illinois. OfficUrs du Oouvernement. Un Gouverneur. " Un Magistrat pour les Kaskaskies. Un Magistrat pour Kahoquie. ♦ Public Record Office, Colonial Office Records, America and West Indies, Plantations General, 1772, 1773, No. 277. >^ k ■^IK-l iCnt Mnjesty, reign officers PMOUTH. OUTH,* nr LorJahip that Sketch, 10 , unless our long dura- 1 a country 3 French, or ts being for ihment of a Jtild be too have found 20 r sophistry .0 us, " that J, therefore, jensated by jnemies, we ois country rni-nt, we ain, will be es acquired 30 LOUIN, E Illinois I fftt etabli it Pais, on 40 donne une »i k i ► P..rlic,.,i-,„„tiL-uv,nv,a,.,c,rM„l„.. I,- '.■'.''"'"^ ''«« Ai-I.ilro, |i„,ir en ,,„,,,„,, „„t,.i.„i,,„t ,„, ««il .,.. incurtrc L„,„m»llc,, ; „„„,, ,3!,,. ,„ „„,„,,„„„„„ ,, 1,, j,,„,i ,|„^. ,|^-^„^ \^, ^^^ .0,,, „„c„'„ ,.,.t„..e, , ,,,,u,i.!i^s ;;,!;::::":::;::;:•""'■''"' '-' - »■ -'"■" -i--^^ -™j» ^•^Ii^is:^";»:":l:,-^:z:;::x:T ""°,'''°"'™- -: *"^"' •'"'"-' »"'- «-■«' * ■ lol.ST Al'l-INDIX- .S...e. V. ImiirriitI stuhitij and Ac:i of .si.ih; Ihr (juitstiun 111 the JJounUiiriea. Skptcli iif • Jovfriiuicnt fur the Illiuuia, 1773. Je soussi 40 mot a n le par > No. 277. C:: ""r;;:;;: ^:;;::,lr ;:xit :::;'t;r?l'f "*;i -"H r'-^^^^^^ (Signej ViEAULT L'ESP15UANCE, Notaire Public. mmw I' ■■>.{ Ijtl .•itj2 .lllINT Ari'K.Niiix A I'l.AN OK UllVKHNMKM' 1-i.U IIIK ILLINOIS (.'olN TItV. Of till- C/Jifi'i:-! i>f llir (Im; rii iiKnt. TlM-(;,.\vniur: ohh Ma-istra'c f..r IvasUaskias ; „i„. ^^l,-is^,•,l,t.• f..r K:ili,„|iii,i ; ..lu' .Ma-islraU; for tlie 'I'liM, ViJlMi,'iis of the llduUs M.'mIow, St. I'liili]., iui.l K,,it Cliaitivs. Five or Six IVisoiis, clioscn umon,L,'st tlio |.iim;ij.al Mncliatits or Inlial.ita.its of tlir Coimtiv nro to Ik; ai>i),,intc.l Muuil.rrs of tlu; l.'ouacil, au.l shall, t..g,.thfr with th(y(!„v.ni.or, form the (irral Council. Tlioru will Im. an infrrior .Ma-istrato in each of tlu; villa-us of Kaskaskia.s an,l Kahoniiias, aipl'a prifonT"' *•'''■'' ^■'"' ^''" '■'"'^-"^ "'■ ^''" '^'"^'^'^ Mealosv, St. Philip, an,l I'ort Cha,tr>..s. ■rh,.y aru to oin.y and iiiinlli---, 'i'*^i^t''"'"tlu.r.s; thoy shall Ik' annually taken aui^.n-st tin; liilial.itants in their turn, aiul s: rvo one Src, V. Jlilpi'l'iil/ Stil'il'n dill Arh 'if Sfnlv hutl-ttlll 'III III'' iiiimiiim III thi' Jiiian'liii'ii,i, Sketch .if vtar. 10 ^ The I\la,i,'istratos niv to koop the IVaco, oach in his respective District; thev are to hasc the ri;,rht of iuii-risonin,!,' for .speeitie.l criiue.s, of punishiiiLr for the Contempt of Authority ; they may .l.'term'ine Causes un.ler the val )f Fifty Livres, without appeal, and impos- small l-'im's tor sli^rjit' otiences. as may he rei^nilated hy the Ciovernor in Council. As to Causes abovo the value of Fifty Livres, the Ma,!,'istrates shall .Mi.leavour to settle them in a friendly manner, hy proeurin.i,' Arbitrators chosen by tli.; Parties; oihersvise. the Parties shall be referred to the Chamber of Kaskaskias where the Three Ma-istrales slmll bo und(M- the obligathm of ineetiiij; ami holdiii',' l>'onr Sessions every Year, The Party who shdl lose the Action may appeal from the Chamber of Kaskaskias to the Governor and Comicil, the Sentence of whom shall he deliuitivu. 20 The Chamber may decree po-iuiiary Penalties or bvlily Punishments, as may bo enacted by the Governor and Council, in Criminal Cases ; hut they shall not sentence any one to Death, except only for nuii'der. Report shall be ma.»v:c. I, the nn lerwritten Notary Public, in the Illinois Country, do hereby certify to all tho.so whom it miyc.nCTn, th.;tlhave copied w.rd f m- word the prece.Hng writing from a similar piece exhibited to me without J)ate and Signature by .some of th... Iidiabifants of this country, to one of wlnnn they have d eclared t o me that Captain Lord, our Couini.andant, delivered the same to him for the purpo.se 40 nNotel.yTr™.l,it,.t.iry c.pied iiiistouk for cmiUs / . > well understood, tietwithstanding the Analicism. )»;i.V.:, WHICH the IrePncn Hk'U, tht' Enylisli w.juld he reinitteil, and bo Mmmu: 10 20 .gislratc for 'laintiy, iii'i' ral t'oiiiicil. piiiis, tiiiira 1) (ilii'v anil 1 s. r\'o olio .(■ tlic ri;,'llt ,' (IrU'riiiiiii' iitrciK'cs, as J thciii ill a as sliall bo jligation of lu Govcriiur ctod liy the xcupfc only isos, and no shall have tj of Death. eiiimcnt of He shall icts to that •'30 Mlt. defray the 1 conuiiaiiil e oxo(;utcd , wlienever oiiiiiianded 40 Alloi^iancc ces for the le whom it exliil)itcd lioiii, they II' purpose odal, wliii/h tlie iiffsiin 'ttcil, and bo ' coh:;^:;; h::;;;;;\;.:;:;::::;;t:ri^^ ^o t.,... .h,. pre^nt ropy..,!., i ha.. _^^, _^^^^^^^ ^___, cxm tly hke, that exhii.n.d to ,„,. i„ ,..^. „|,i,... at Kaska^kias, tl,i> 17th ii,iy (•"^'.^''i'''!) Vii:aii.t I;Ksi'(;iiaxci:, ' Ni:\v Vn|(K SS. I'lTsoiialiy aupcarcd hcl'iMv iiir I'Vuu-k l.'llli,, r ■ ,- i,- >r . ''"'■ 111- (-'\iS and ■('.,u,.tv of \ .u V , , ' '''' """ "' "" ^^'M-ty's .In^tirrs „f ,!.. IVare hest of t^iis Tp ; " C 1 !•* ;; F '' ," f'r v ""' ^''^''' ^'^^ ^ '"^'"'^ l^'Hspe,a,ice was, to the seventeenth -a J ; , 1 'l^.T'^ '? f ' n '"'" '';";'" '" '"' ^"'' """"'^ ^^'^""^•■>-- "" ^l- the same, for that hi J .S, ' ' ';!; '"^ ^'^':":?^ ''i "^^•'■^'' ^'"^^ ^'^ --' ^"tary snl.scrihed -ith.tliat lie hath iHvu, om s m ; i TT '■ '■'""""" '•'"■^''™". ^'- J>q-"->t teniii,., to soli.it the V ' me ? . ^ -^"l /■' -'■.;-'ts, that none of them had signed any Paper were, mi the eont v , "^ , ' p!" ''-"--i an, sketel.ed out ; and, that the said Inhal.itaL I'--!, understands ,uid • s- t.t ' uT ""'V"/'"';" " ""' '"'"'= '''"' ^'"^ '^"'"-'"t ''^^^h Foot, and C minian . ^u ,,;?",' ;:^' 7' "^ " ■'"^^' '''^'^^'^'^"^•' '^^'^'■"""^ "^ an anonyn.ims Paper, of which w ^ C !'*:?,. 1:^7,;::' ^ ':;'V"' ""? "^ ^!'--'' ^'"^'^'''^-^^ Lord, as he did not aet in a c a id ^ m u " '■" *'"• ' ""''"'"' ""^''"^ "' ^''•' ^'^''^ ^'M'^in Sworn before n.e this 9th day of Uetober. 177^. ^^"^""^^ ^''■'""" '^''"'^''^'' (.Signed) FuAXL'is Fimux. .IniNT AlM'KNniX, s..f. V. Itiifii ridf Stnliitif ami AHu ii f Sill tr, hinrhii/ 11)1 thf UU'Dtion nfthf lliiiiiiiliirifs, I'.lplTS ,•!!< tl> i'iii_\ : 1 iM i1(Il1 ! i ; i i ( • i 1 il. lliit !t'/.''M",sZ'. '^^''^'i' '■>tal.li>i;ii,.iit i |..i-,l. ht .r inv..il,.| , f ih.. Kii.-^i . I, "i ^ - , ,..J i i, I . ii,!, |.t. .i \ri 1 nm 'ihl''iJluZ.H ^■*"""'' *" "~'^"''' ^"". '•'■'' ''"■ "ilcn>ts ,,l liis MiijclN N new -nlj..i> tli,'i,' uill im-i 1..- 11.-1. i-iid. lui.l >'"", , '^'"■.y ""V' '■'•••'t "^^iircil 1,1 tlu' Kiiij^'s i)ioUutiuiiuinl till' ciijnviin.'iiLul I'v.Tv i.iivil.-ciiiai tii.ir situiilion — I'uu, witli iir(i|)rif tv, ailiiut nt. I ivin, etc., l>AiiTMi)rrii. PAPERS RKI.ATJNi; T(» TIIK IMU il'( SKI) KXTKNSIdN OF 'IIIE LIMITS l)F QrKBKC, 10 177;)-177-t." ^ \) TlIK Ca.VAIiIA.V iMIAIilTANTS uV (iVVMVr To Till: [vMII. ill' DAliTMlHTIl." A Son Excelk'noo le tivs lldiiomblu ('(initu ])iuli.ioutii, I'mi ik.s iJiiiuipaux Ministit's/ct St'c ^ZZ '■'■''"■ '•^■"'"'■^' "'■^•'"'t •''• ^'1 Mnj.'.stt' t !Tt'''i'i'M'.!i. ,.f Mii.vsKKiNKlH,— La jilmo iiniioitniito iiio \o\w. orcnpi'z «lc notn; tivs iiiwiiiix S.iiivcvaiii, iioni I'/miuv! t'"|"i>>lit a siipjili. r V.itir Excoilence do voulnir Lien iniMfiitiT a sa Majrlte Ic livs ImniMc j.laivt I77:w/ c'i-joint, nous dsi t'niiis (le vo.s lontrs (|iU' voii.s vinidirz Men rappuvfr ft nuns a.Tonlcr ||i.,nnciir do The Cmad- vutie j)iotet'tion ; nous j.^i^nons j . ui- V, L. nn M« n.oiif iM.nr iippuvcf mw domandcs ([iie lu.us croyona KuH of 'l '):',. t- avanlagouses |iour la www J'atiiL- et jdur culf cnl. nic Nous sniiplions votrc Excullencc de ncev. ir Ics tt nioiKnag.;,s du tna iiiolond rL'spoct et du la vive 20 reconnoissanco avcc hupiflk' nous avon.s I'Iioiiik iir dV-tie, Monsei<,'nour, Vos Iiu8 liundik'.s et tils okoi.ssanfs servitcurs, (Signi'd by) Fii. SlMoNNl.T AND 05 OTHERS.* D t>Utll. 1773. Ar)DRE8s OF Tin: Ni;\v snsjKTs ov Canada to the Ki.nc, tuansmitteij witu the pheiedino. (Presented to Pailiaiueiit, Ist Juiie, 1774— Jiiuimls, House of Comuums, Vol. 31, \<\^. 790.) Au Roi. SiiiE,— Vos tivs .snnmis et ties tidclles noiiveaux Hujets de la Province dc Canada, pivnnent la likertt^ AtJdressof the de se piosterner au pied du Troiie, pour y porter les .sentiments do rcsi)ect, d'ainour et de sounnssion 30 tnjbheKiiig, "'ins k'urs coeuis envers voire auguste per.sonne, et pour Ini rendie de tre.s liiunldes aetioius de grace de ses soin.s paternels. * * » * « Dans rann(5e 1704, votrc Majcste daigna faire cesser le gnuvernomcnt niilitairo dans cotto colonie.s pour y introduiie le gou\Lrnnient eivil, et des repoipie de ce eliangenient, nous coiiiineiK.Miiies a nous, apper^evoir des iiironvenieiits qui resultorient des Loix ])ntanni(iues qui pou.s otoient ju.s.iu' alora totaleinent ineonniis, nos ancitiis citoycns qui avaicnt regies sans frais nos difficultes furent reniervit^s, cette inilicc qui se faisoit une gloire de porter cc beau noni soua voire empire f'ut appriint^e, on nou- * Public Record Office— Colonial Office Recoida, America and West Indies, Xo. 376, 1772 to 1777, Quebec Eutrv Book, No. 2. ->• / +To His Ex-CEMEXCY the Most IIonoiraule Eaul or Dartmouth, one of the Principal Ministerp, and Secretary of .State of bis Mijesty : My Loud —The important positinn that you occupy under our most fJnoioiiB .SuTereii,'n oniboldens iia to entreat your Excellency to be pleased to present to His .Majesty the hiiiiible petition horeiuito annexed. \V,. trust to your kimlness to 8i;pport it, and to grant ua the honour of voir ] rotection. We annex for your Excellency a memorial in .support of our demands, the granting of which would bj advautaL'eous for the mother country and to this colony. ' We beg your Excellency to receive the as8uri.nce of our most profound respect and lively gratitude, with which we have the honour to be, my Lord, Your moat humble and very obedient aervaiitg, Fe. Simon.net, and 0.1 others. ' 2( I' state (Uifl Ml 1 1 ll lit li \rl I liill ;.'li ctiil, iiinl lir NitiuiLiou MdlTll. JUEBKC, 10 treH, ct Si'C .1 riiiii, nous llll'li' pliU'Ot lioiiiu'iir (lu uus cruyoiia t (lu la vive 20 'iteurs, OTHERS.* I'X'KDIXO. It, la liliertt^ souiuissioii, 30 3t' grace ile tto colonies es a nous, iin(]u' alors : I'ciiiorcjids, '11, on nou- uebec Entry tary of State entreat your ex for your tliur country th which we thers. it 30.J ac^r.IauInvorit.^l...]roit.r^troJ,„vs,nmis m ,„nno to,„s on nm,« fit .„u most huuild: t";;,!. "C/^^L * "f'TT "' ""•"■ ''«""• III rim vein- lidJ, \T,.iir \1i. ;.,.,«., .1..; .. i . i ■ . "^ •' ^•**^* y,J^X^ aXni;.!;.;:!''^ ''■""' "'"' '"-'' "'- ^^'^ ""^ J-' -'i - "^ f'-- '-1--' novertl,eIo. .,y the kiudues. of ■.i::^: ''!!r:h::T.:::;i!::"7:r,..^:"^'^-''- ";, ''-'<-•••. *"-'-. f--- *■> --h,,. ,. ,.rivii....H. wui. tiu. i-u,,d.ri.:s'of-(v;u,ui;:;;;;i;';.;Vi:nr:'f,:;;::;;,;'i;;^;/'' Tt"^ "r""' '""'^"' '"«''> '^"»'""-. ■^-'J We .re «Hh the most ,a..,f.und suhn,iH,io„ y„„r M.jcsty's luo.t „bc,lieut, mo,t ze.louB, and most faithful subjecta (•'^'="'""'.>) Vli SIMONNET, and a,') others. + MkmoK.m to support the den.and, of ,l,e hun.blo and very faithful „e. subjects of His Majesty i„ ,-,„,ada of i..hab.;:::;ls :;:;u2.'r,^::b;;;rd tii;!,,:!:;:,":;:;^:/:^,;";:!:,'";- r-:^" «'-• -- •" -'-'. t).o nn„ meat of i,s a„,c„lu„v ; the ...u.aira.^.niuit i s .Z. vf.. L /^^ " '"■" '"■»' "'"J «!« ; tl... advai iuuu,,v.Ode f,,u: :daM,uiH. .U..I, ,vou,d7,is,.ntL,Je';r:.;;^C : i^ ^^^ l.ws-the.e are pom,, pnsen.cd f,„. c..„sHle>-a,i„u as worlby „f the wisd„m ..f !t G vvrnn.enr "V"""' '""' r"'""' » '' -ni^s ■:^.::ur,K;::!:';S:!;.s i;J;::rA;::.^^^-';^^ •- ••: •;»"''''7es, The p.raii,.. which of beini- pl.cfd under cu.t,vaii„n with advanll.. ' ^ '"''' "''""-' ""*' ^''^ ''""'" •"'c fertile, and oapa!.lo iber i'anoe- oil i/.od i JniNT Hw. V, -■:lllltl.i ni'l irlt ../ ,Vr|(,- 'ilrilhl all till iltnin'hirttii. MillliiiJal I if tlii'Ciiriiiil- iaiiK, i;;;!. 866 U colonio t..|l. ,,„V||o ,>.t «x.<.. n.aint..Mant par la Ii^m« .|„ t:. .I..ffr.<. .m tr„p r..,.orv., „„,„,„„ ,|„.,„^„ ,. .,„.^ ,„.,,„„,„ .,,. ,M„„(,, ..,,, ,.f ..,.p..n.U„t .•■..St ;'"' ;•;>*•"»'• «l'«^;l"^ ri.m.Hm,tr,.„v..„ir.Mtil...,..t,.|n.. , f .•.;,,..,„1,.,. aw.. pl„H .[■.var.t.;;,. I^.M-irul- ur.. N„„s sui.pl.oM. .,,„. eu,„,n., .s,.„s !,■ l.ms.l,, ( J .nvnn.-.nt, Fmm;..is ,.„ hu^.u a nut.o c..l,„.?.. t.aH I'H iais .l..,.lm„,, ...M.MUH ..„„ |,.s„.,„H .!,. MU,ili,n.kl„,u.,,|„ D.'.tn.it, .H nutiv. a.li,.c..nt..M,HM.nu. tU'Uve ,1,, M.p...,pp,, la !!.:,.,...,» .|o ..... I'.sf.s s..,ui, ,i ni.U,.t plus n ...ssain. u n.tro I'.uh m,,' ny ..va..tp,.n.t.l..jus„a.t.tul,l... lo. V.,.vttK..nr. .1,. n.a.v.is.. K„i „,„ u „ r,„M„iM.,„. .I.-m nmn-l.iu- ■iH..., p.,ur fanv !,..■,.,„ ,.... av.-c I..m S M.va,...s, y ,..,,,.„t .,n|„.M.^,„.,.t av... uos ..tU.ts, , i ...ino -Mti.'ivnu.nt ...|.o ..,.1,.,.,.., .,1 fait .1. cvs 1'.,,..:, ui... U .ir.ut. ,|u liri.,..,.!. .•apaM.. ,1.. soulcvvr 1. nu.io„s 10 Tmo l-Aiu, <>!■ |)A,;iMo,-,„ ,,, Lin'n:NANT(i..vi.;i,xnn Ckamamk ov iixvAm; i.. i.kfkiiknck to .mk ■;'w.» I'ltiX'KHi.N.j l'Kirri.).N.s, .. , , , WlliTKllAl.r.. 4tli Mav, 1774. fluo.pft,;. ^;"- I I'l^v., ,v.viv.>.| your l.tt.rs, N,., l:, an.l I ^, a,;.| l.ar.. lai.i then la-foro ti.., Kin^. tu;.other ''Vi ', ui'iVi'' ^^' '" ' '■""""■^ tmiiMuittcl tli..ivwitli ithMariHi TI,,. nian.HT in whi 1, fl„. IVtiti,.n.>rs l.av.. express..,! tluur wislu-s, is ,I,.,...Mt an.l r..sp,.,..ful l.ut I am lulh o,,uv,n,-,.,l t,„H. y.,ur a....,.unt .,r the steps taken t,. pna-ure li„.se I>..titi,ms, that it was lH.o...„e iH.i, ly „,.e,.s>ary that the arrauKen.,.,„s f„r ,h,. ,,.,v,.r,n„eMt ,.f Quehec sh„ul,| 1„. ,„. I,m....r .leiay.... an.l have th,. satisraetiun t„ a,.,,u tint, y,.u that 1 ,li,| ,.u .M..n,lav last pr.-sent t„ the lI,.uso of L....1S a ,ii l.,r the lu-^Milat,,,,. „f tl,at (},.vvru,n,.ut. whieh is eil .ulat.,.! t. lav the r..u,..lati..n f-r 20 th.j.se hsrablHhu.ents that I h .pe will ^iv,. Full satisfaction t . all II.s Maiestv's [.hq an,| reue.ve th,.so cl.tru.ult,..s with win,!, Ihe a.|,uinist,atiun „f the U ,v,.,n,u,.nt in that l>r.via..o has heen mo .Mvatly eiuliurrashed. " ^ I am, ic, liieutenant Govern. ir ( 'rnmaln\ Dautmouth. Act, 1774. IMPERIAL ACT, U GEO, HI., c. h;{ (1774)-THE QUEBEC ACT. Ax Act f.,u maki.s.; Mnit..; v.vvv^vv^^. vnnvisms nm the Govkhnmknt of tiii.: Pkovi.vcf. of (t*iF,iii:c IN Niiitni Amkuica. \V,n:K,:As lli> Majesty. l.y His i;,.yd lV,.,.lan.ati.,n. hoarinfj .|,ae this Seventh .lay of October, in gn th.. thinl y..ar .,t h,s U....,„, thought fit to ,1 dare tl„. provisions which luvl been ma.le in respect to; certain countries, t,.rnt..r„.s an.l islamU in Am..ri..a. ,.e,le,l t., His Majesty by the .lelinitive Treaty of I ..ace conclu.le,l at Pans on the Tenth day u{ IVbruaty, on,- thousan.l ,seven hnndrcl an.l si.xty-three • nn,l whereas by the .arrano-,.m,.nts nm,le by the sai,| Royal I'roclamation, u very lar.re ...xtent of cnuntry, within which tier,, wr.. s.-veral coloni,.- an.l settl..m,M,is of the subj,.cts of France who claiin,.,! to r,.n,an, th,.,vin „n,I..r the laith of the .said Treaty, was l,.ft witlunit an v provision b,.inrr mn.le t.,r th.. a.lmnn.tration of civil ,u^,v,.rnm..nt theivin ; an.l .certain parts .,F th.. t,.;.ritnrv ..f Cana.Ja wh,.re s.., .ntary h,h.ri,.s l,a,l been establish..,! an.l carri..l on by th,. subjects .,f Franc,., inhabitants of th,. sa.,1 I rovinc.. ot ( ana.la, nn.ler .rants a.,,1 c.ncessions f,„n. the government th..r,...f, were ann,.xed t.. th,. g,,y..rnment .,t Newfouu.Ilan.l, an.l thereby subj..et..,| to n.gulations inconsistent with the nature 40 o. ,su.,.h f,sheru.s. May It th..-etore please Your Most Kxcellent Mai..,sty, that it may be onacte.l, and be It eiiacte,! by th,. kings lo.st Excellent .M,aje.-ty, by an,l with tu.. a.lvice an,l con,s;nt of the Lords Spiritual and Jemporul, and Commons, in this present Parliament assembled, and by the authority of tlie same, • j' "* Tluit all th.- t..rrit..ries, islan.ls an.l countries in North America, belonging to the crown of Great Britain, b,mn,^,.,l on the .south by a line from the ISay of Chaleuns. along the hi.h lan,ls which divide the rivers that empty ihemsdves mto the Kivur St. Luwruucc from tho.e which fall into the sea to a 'nVo flans ncn |"'ll(|ui|t f't'Ht 1.^1' ru;;rii'iil- ) V()li>llit> ti)IH itOM, jl|s<|l)'lltl 'ais i|iic n'y I'H iiini'cliati- ri' i|i|i illiliu r !<•> IliiliuiH 10 NCK TO lltK . 1774. ri!,', ti)i,'cllier ('(•(fill, l)iit I tlmt it Wfw i; 111) li)ii;;t.'r I tilt! Huiiso 111 Ifitiuii fur 20 •move lliKso HO yruatly if. 3i.;7 foiiit ill forty-Hv,. ,U•^,l•vv>^ ,,f OVINCE OP October, in 30 rospect to; Treaty of ixty-three; tixtont of I'lince, who isioii lii'iiig of Canada, aliitants of annexed tins nature 40 iactc(I, and tlio Lorda tliority of 1 of Great lich divide ) sea, to a iti-'S,., •,.nn.;nH,;l;''^, ''''','':•'''•'■;'■ "''""'•- I'^ti-.d,.. it , t.tl,!: ^'~«- ^«-'"'t-H...t,.d;and f. tl. \,| U ' i . ,,' ^ r?;''' '""^'--V '" -" tl n l.all KZ;;?' until 111,.,, id w.,|..,,. hoMiMlarv .i.il ^1 ,.i """"""''"' ""^'■'■'•" •"•""■I'tn.MoftlH. >MidlV„vin..,,,,,, ., , rouiLi to I. .0 intJlted, 1 ,;'''''': r T ""•,"'" '^"''' '•""' "'■ ''"■ '"''' '"'- ^'"'" -' '"• '^'' '^^' ".ank wliid, shall 1,.. neae > S vT '""^ !"""\'^'"'l' -•'•■'- "t .ha, ,.,.int „f tl aid t'—. '- a ri.ht line, to \l .J^J^O^ ? ""l"'" :' Z'"' -''' I"'-'" ^ i'..unsylva,iia. and III I *!■, .» ■ I / I . . 1 .. I ... _ 11 * * never heen n,ad.: '"'" """■"" ^""' "" ' ''-• -"' I'-" ""•'-t as if tlii.s Act had L'XhiT seetion.-s oinitted as not art'eetiie^ the e y ;e8 i|ia'.-"' ^■■^^-"'"'^'•" '" ^'- "-'l-'f nurtliward to the southern l,o„ "a.; !f 1 U . •' ^ir'u"'; \^\'«^'"^^ "[ ^"'^ ^'-'-ii'l'i. '-1 trading, to Ilndsou-.s Bav " I sav Sir ti a ud i' ' i V "r'"'"'^ Adventurers of England think t.iat I was eallin, tor an ^n^ ^ ! ^^ Tlui ^l;:;'" r^"'^'""^ '"' ''""''^•"' ''''' ''' ' «ul,iect.and disagreeaNe and hateful to ,.e Wi.m to say. ,s oppressive to the English the best thin, that yon can do with thl: n . i. i.,- 1- ^Z^'^ T'^f' r ^f""" ''''' 40 out of it as nuieh as possible, that thev niav ,0 uIk i 1 the Ts 1 ' •'' ' 7 ''"' """'^' i-naa Cavea.hsl.s DeUates ; con.,,a,v,l ,v„l> Hi^i;.f.,r.h;]^^-:;,;r7:;;;„ 1743^,^ 1774. V.l. Ml. ~ lli'lati'im til.' l.iii. Lcc Hill, 1774. 3(i.S ■ii! ii AiSx. ^'^"'^'l;'^ "!">' "ot be rodnccl to some less limits ; wliy not the same limits England an.l France have Soc. V. ever given it; and why not witliin some lionnds, a little loss tlian that wliici! is,;,av.Mi to it here ? s„"'„'t,s„„./ Lord Korth.—Tho fust thing objfcted to hy the honourable gentleman is the very great extent of t':!nn,n!:X teJ-''it"''y given to the Province. Why, he asks, is it so extensive ? There are added nndmibtedlv to it Z;ty,';rf.'" ''''■" ''"""»'•''•■' ^^•''''^•'> "•^''•'-^ ""^ i" thr original limits of Canada, as settled in the I'rorian,ati,.n of"l7(i3; Dciwitrun th,. ''"'''' ^'"^ ^-'^'•'■i'''"' ('"'i^f. the other, the country westward of the Ohio and Mis.isMppi, and a few seat- 't. If I guvernment fit to be estlb L ^d 'Z^l^ T : 7'' ' ^^V'"" ''''""" '"^' ^'''^ '^ ^ *^'-"-'" extensive, or that the En,disl .s ttle s sL 1 ' • "'' '"T TZ "'^ '""'"'^ -^'"'"''^ ^'^' «« •nakin-Muore settleu.ents r W a tl "nT T ?'^' • V''"' "'■''"■''"'"^ ""' ^''^"•^ ^" lOof involving this whole region IrU^l 1' l^f Jf ^'^.r^^ ^"""^' ''-' ^^--^ ^o the consequence .«'rt »f t,„ c ;:; :;,;; M : ;:;^r'::; ; ,:: r„T""'° °"' "ri""" '- '■■'•» .0 „ce„„iL, i,. .i„c.:: «: vt;;.::;; ::::; r,: ,;;:: r„^ '-", -« ,--!■.'' this tract esnec iallv i, Vi "^aily a century past, settlements iu different parts of all been altogether Fren 1 o ha h o T "'' Z • "'""''• ' '^''^ '''"•^'^' -ttlements to have had acted ni g.v.ng them a constitution upon the everxt and at the moment of the conqutt ' C.;.i?,».ve -The honourable ami learned gentleman was not precise in statin-^ the limits of our olomes. He .eemed unwdling for the House to think that any onJ of the colon ies%"ciTwd Vjiua and N irginia, ha,] a right to settle beyond the Endless Mountains [Alleghanie's] T the iZ " abh, and learned gent eman could be ignorant of the fact that many thousands of E ig^l ^ ^^ ^ J established some hundre.l miles bey.m.l the Emlless Mountains noon the ^ v . f . i •'""''' '^'^ going to make a part of this countrVof Cana,].. It w^ H , \ \ ' ^''''' '"'' ""^ to annex the scattered Posts in th/nei^r; o:,d- ::, rr^ V:^f M^^^ ^'^'^Z" TI .0 wiU be so good as to look at the map, he wil, hud he could l.^tak^Hn^:'^! oHl^, 1^ ' ^; the lake and the Ohio would have been kept out by this Bill-an.l all the purposes of tla. Bill, except .liMNT Al'i'KXIllX. Sec. V. S'dliitiH ami A eh (if suite fiitiriiitj im the '/KIHll.illofllif fliiuttfldrii'g. Doliiitc nil the VllrllCf Bill, 1774. .loi.vr Appendix. Sec. V, Imjiirial Stattiti/t mid Acts iif State fiiftrin;/ nn l/n lininlinli 1,1 till liotniiiitriiK, Debate on tin (^Ufbec bill, 1774. .'{70 the nf.ren«. to s.ttlinu ..,..„. tl,. ()l,io, vonW l.av. bcon answered l.y lu.s t.kinj. tl,at In.nn.iarv. If thor... ha. be,..,, any .loubt, what vvouM have rc-n,ovccl that donUt,^vouU\ liave h.e., lo.kin.- at th,. «,urso piusu..,! hetwo.,, the Knoli.l, ,„„1 F,,.,,.), ,u jr.,tiato.s, vhen the French otlere.i „, willnhaw iV.„n that par of the country ^vlnch they had taken pos.se.s.si.n of on the .sonth of tl,e (.l,io, a.ul retiu. to the north sKle, making that river the houmlary of the colony. The Knolish Minister ..ai.l, " No- we will not .suhnut to those term.. They are not the houmlarie.s ; the Liver St. J.uvrence and tlie lakes are our houn,lary-we will agree to no other." Their language now is. "the Uiv.-r St, Lawrence is the centre, n,.t the frontier; we will not ho deprived of our prope-ty in the country." Mr. Sergeant Glunu.-Yun are ineo.npetent to deci.le upon the limits of the eountrv, or whether the description ot it m the Bill is most eonformahle to the claim of the Frencl, or to ou'r elaim l.eforc 10 the war ; but I shall take it as 1 find itstat.d on both Hides of the House, nameh, that there is to be a newly-erected 1 rov.nce, comprehending a great part of North America, partly inh.b.ted, partly unin- anltl,f JlT . T,"V"'""T:'"'"' ^'""■'""' "' ''"I"''' *'''^^*''^' I-pnlation will increase, and tha all tho.se parts by degrees will becou.e peopled. . . .In times past, a Mini.ster of the (t. Adventurers of e'ii'i uul trad,,,. 50 to Hudson « Bay. and which ,,a,H t.rntorieH, i,.!..„ui., and countri.. are i.ot within the limit, of ,.o,ne otlieT 371 imndaiy. If lit tlic course vv i'loiM that rctiit' to tlie iS'o; we will li(^ lakew are ii'iicu is the or whether claiiu licfoi'o 10 lerc is to he l)Hrlly iiiiiii- vilJ increase, Crown was ionahle that ^'overnor, on ich ])re vailed ' the present the English) 20 in diflereiit nd as Iheir • native s(jil, ition alteis ; of territory say, " Cross This is the !s." It is a wsof native the whole 30 Irictioii laid 1, according in in which i means we ^ the policy taiidy niu8t the Chair. 40 Proclania- and settle- reaty, was and other he sulyects 10 govern- 11 the said I Anierica, and north- nil trading 50 -onie (jther •' < ► British col 1703, bei ony, as allowed and confir.ncd l.y the Cron-a, or which have, since the lOth of Fel en made part of the "over ■nnii'nt of Newfoundland, he, and they are h ruaiy, h ™ M„;,...f„' I , " ^'v.>T,uuiiuian(i, oe, ana iney are lureliy, i nr ii" is Su hlir;;;:"?. ^^ ""''"'"■■^'^"'•'^^'■'^^'°^^''" ^■■"^■'"^'^ -' ^^--^ aiereatcfand estauiislied by the said Itoyal Proclamation of the 7th of Octoher, 17ti3." lm;l North.-Viiive are great difficulties as to the best mode of proceeding. I apprehend the liter ation am ahout to propose will save every , ,Nt where there is a right. Twill plain thuid- nent i uitend to make; if that slmuld n.. . . satisfaction, gentlemen will state wh t t is H " - z:::^TTTT'' ''^ """," ^ ---'^^ '-^ ^- --'"^" '-'^'^ ..mai;: ':;.:;;; 10 d Z;' n ddF.rc V '' "^^!' '""'"""'^ ''"■''^'^'' ""^- '^ '^ '""^^^ '' '''^^'^ '^'"--"'^ boundari;. laid \ I / r ""T ^^''"''^ ^"" '^''^='-^ '"^^^"'-"f the country, then they are drawn by his "1 It lev I ""■ 7 ""' T-'^' '"^ ''^'" -^''^ "'"^^'•^' '''' CO mnissioners hav. been appointed, and ti::^I^u2nT T ''^'':'''^'^''^''' '' - '^I'P-' to the Privy Council-therefore that dis- S nn n' t "T " Tt'' '"""•^'*''^^"'>^ ^f^^' *'- I-^"^ «* this Act, to go on with the pro- i^Cn w n • :7 '"" '''^"'"" '^"'"^'^ ""' """''' York and Pennsylvania, etc., belonging to se rl f w ' " "; ' ■ I'^T'^^'^'"-' ^^'•-•'"- "f '-i-^- f-- -..o,.ehi,.g on the limits oflui^ of h ^ nm ;: "" 7 ''''";'->'•'-'-- -"'-•■ I «-l -uy .ondem.mare desirou. of having sie- ail ^^ ' -possible To tins I have no objectio,. ; but we are so much in ti,e dark a:to the M u,a,on 01 tins co,mtry, tint ,t h not possible to do anvthing more safe than siviu^^ the ri.d.ts of the ''kmZi:; "^"'"rr? '^T ^^ '"- ''''''''' '^" ''^^ -^-^ l.yeo.unissione,-s. P,.rs,ms poshes n:""^ ^7u^X^7:V 7r r-'^^; . For that reason I propo.e to leave out the w,.rds - .e.«^^.e " co/ji "' "/. "'" '"'' "''''' " '''''"' "•^' ^ """'■^•" '^"'1 ■•^'■^ ' '--'^ -^^^ the words '■ .s4t.d country, and msevt" territori/ o/ CuiwI'l" too^Z'.Zf'''"''7r~r "'•'■■^^'"'\^" '"^ '^'^-" -"^'>i"^to extend a despotic government over ^wZ^ri V" T' "T f""^ '^ -t'^'''-l> a boundary line, with a pretence of bringing n 1 c . H '■ 1 •'""?' " "■? '"'"' '""'^ '"'"'"■ "■" '^"'^'"^* >-^"- '^'- !'-'--•'■ ^'-t is held out t^ a^^a -bd extend so far, an.l that as we are about to give the Canadians back their old laws, we ou dit at 30 r ory . . .N„w, fe„ as I had the honour of being appointed Governor of West Florida, it became my duty to make myself acquainted with^he boundaries of Louisiana, and I accordinglv endeavled o Ob an the best mlormation upon that subject. I was surprised, therefore, to h,.ar ^/.nven in Tdle not dn-ectly but in.smuated, that the former Governu.ent of Ca,nada extended as far I you p o to habitants of these r..mote parts might be under the direction of the (Jovnnment of Cana.la. Mr. /^hna^ul BavU--U we had originated this measure above stairs, where maps might have been . ul .Ml. the tabic, no d.ubt the whole dispute of this day would have been avoided. 1 ^hall ask for .nsell in the I rst plac^ when I heard that this Bill was to be brought in on the principle that Par- 5,,l.amen were to draw a hue of eircumvall.Uion about our colonies, and to es.ablish a sic. 'of I, tnuy power, by ringing round about Canada the coiurol of oM.cr people, different in manuersjaiv^ . ^ d laws rom, nose of the inhabitants of this colony, I thought it of the highest impo tanc; tC t w s on f en ..our to niake this boundary as clear as possible, I conceived it necessan- ,br th 1^ ' X a,e to be be.s eged u, t us manner; and also necessary for the British subject, who should be ivstrieted and not be allowed unknowingly to venture into the colony to disturb its pos.sess-rs I wish U ee' lunits to be ascertained, and tixed with precision, for the sake of both parties llavin. tliis oblc , Sei; r't f U 7' v- ' •'■ •'" "r ''''''"' '" '''' P-lamation of 17^3. It was dr,;;.. f^-om i i tak n in the lake called Nipissim ; that lake stands to the north of this point. I entreat the atteiUion of he Committee ; for he escape of a word is the escape of a whole argument. Sir, this boundary was 50 hxed by a line .Irawn obliquely from Lake Nipissim, which line, crossing the St. Lawrence and the like Champlau, formed an angle in the latitude of forty-five degrees. This constituted the soutl - w boundary of Canada; beyond that the Province was to exteml no further-and confined withi t API'KNDIX. Si-c. V. Imprrial Stntittfx and AH.i of Stale. Iiiariifj iintke i/ii'Hliunnftht Jiutttuiurics. I >i'l)at(^ on the c^ll))luc Bill, 1774. 372 a.';k's;I,x. f;";*;^ ■''>™i"-'J f-'""^ the yoar 1763 to tins time. That was then the boimdary of (^anada • and wl.en line. I lu.s luu. Ih,. p,.,.,,l.. ui ( anM.la acpnesccd in. They have since come hef„re X;;r;t [l^^ M^-J.^U-s government, and h,ve hud .,ei;,,.e a a eon.plaint in which tlu^^sta^'t^.a^,;;';;. :;;;;: JinaiuUinin, vanti.ro" Sir if „n i„i„ fi 'i. f"", "'"''' ''"'' ^'^'^t agncnlture can bo cultivate,! to mnch ad- ; : i^T ' '"';■""'; ■"■ '"- r""'^ ■"■'""' ■•-''"" *" '^»v::vi„"'„/Nr * .r '":::. '""""• Sn-, that nrnde mo wish to estal^Iish a l„.undu-y of cerfuntv The M. 1 , T , °^ ^^''"^' of Canada a certainty of knowin. .; n' l t de ' , ' '" T "^^r ""•'■' '' """'■' "'^"^ *'" l""!''*^* give the sniyeets of ^.at B-itai-rthi: ;:.;;:■ kn,: ; ;':r:hey':: :r^ "'■^' ^ :■"• ^\ r'"' enough ot the state of that count.y to he ahle to adopUhe line llI\^l[^^Zr h""" can he more geographically di.stingnished than wa er and 1-in 1 ^!, ;''^ '"';"" '/^'^''^'^'^ '''tl''"!,' •II J ot that iiuviiice, by a line drawn from thence o-nn.i- 4( 50 strikes the Ohio, If the nuble lord ad nuts i Fi ; and wlien y was fixed oinoiit to tlie OOIIH! llffdl't) is was 11 line ly ; lint tlioy ley have not vince," they J, is confined it is only on 10 to much ad- Jible request nient, which no proposetl some other 1 govennnen nt upon the lese you wil ). But this se provides 20 of carrying ulrt sipiiesce liy proposition nterfeicnce town itself te of tilings upon tliis f certainty, ■ York will 30 the colony they may lly settled leliimation •ast extent at country ^hampliun> se of that Pennsyl- leet every 40 bhe poojile* it would not know IS nothing cally dis- I'l agreed ivoni(jnce, ow move keChain- St. Law- 50 1 Niagara t bound- i admits 373 a. ready toL.rni:::^: '^^ '^'^-'^""^'^ -^-^ ^'- House, and who S lino;t;:^l':;;;'d:;:.!;;:;^::J;:;::;;':'*i ^-"l ^ '7-'^ - ^^^^^ — d in drawing a dear bounda^ that the only met od olav H t^^^^^^^^ '■'^" '^ ''••-'" ''-^ ^-'-"-"t- It strikes me ner that the line wher ha^ si i.H a t "'; ' ' ^T'"^' "^ *'" ""''' ''"^'"« '' '" -^•' '^ ""^"- New York. TheTi ne Is ira^ a i ? ^ '" " ''''''■ ""' ^''"^^'^ '''' P''"^'"^*^ "^ ^'-"^''^ ""<» 10 south-east part of the River Sf \Z '" "*'';'"«^- ^ a^ not clear whether there are not on the anisuretherea Mio New Y^^:, Tr''?'"'^ ''''''' ^'^'«" info"ned there are. I have the bo .n a " Ihi se«l d lon'tl" ? ' '' ^■' "' •"' f'^ "'"'''• ^ ^^'-^ it more prudent to gninted, under anTauZrtv to t roll in'^ reservuig. in the Act, all those lands that have been words. tasc^e. l^^asmn,y hfe. I have produced a practical idea; I can produce practical 40 had .!^lo t" h!'p;,f ■ ^!^"'J^^;^'|"^-;'^'! -i--^^'^ ^o tl. House the amendments which the Committee orde. to settle t, wh, e the House was supposed to be proceeding upon it. The House continued for 'That all the territories, islands, an.l countries in North America, belon.dn-r to the Crown of (^-eaf * Mr. Powuall, tl.o Und«r-SecroUry f„r tl.^Amcrican cohmioH. JoWT ApPENDrX, Sec. V. Imperial Statute! and A eta nf State beariny "; ^'''"^ ""^'''»^' ''-•-" «>"taiued, relative to the boundary of the Pi evince ol Quebec, shall m anywise affect the boundaries of any other colony." Reference of draft Com- Illis^silm ijf Tiovernor ■ Carletiiii to REPORT OF THE LORDS OF COMMITTEE OF COUNCIL FOR PLANTATION AFFAIRS, lOni DECEMBER, 1774. R.;i-.:uHiN-a thk nnAi-T ok New Oomm.ssio.v o. Govkhxou Cahlcton-. ok Quehkc. to thk Attor- 20 i\i;y AND SoLICiTOH-GENEIiAL FOR THEIU OPIMON.* At the Counxtl Chamber, Whitehall, the 10th day of December, 1774. By the Right Honourable (he Lords of the Committee of Council for Plantation Affairs. Present-Lord President, Earl of Dartmouth. Earl Rochford, Charles Jenkinson, Esq. tlu.- Attorney ,.• "'' ^^f^^ '""'"" '''^'" '^'"'^^"' '^>' "''^ ^'"^'' i" ^'"••"^11, of the 9th of this instant, to refer unto a„dSol,cit"rr" this C;omm.ttce a representation from the Lords Commissioners for Trade and Plantations setHn! f fh ^- - ^ t^at in ob^lience to His Majesty, commands, signified to them by the Earl of iCl I i.^^/'S Majesty s Pnncpal Secretaries of State, the said Lords Commissioners had prepared the d au.d.t of a (..umission revoking the present Commission, by which Guy Carleton, Esqu'.re. is appointed7jovrrnor o. of he Province of Quebec, in North America, and re-appointin, hin. to that comma I'Jia u 1 ::n" '' ml form, -< -th such powers and authorities as correspmd with the provisions made for thi Government o that Province by an Act passe.l in the last session of the iat. Parliament, and the ont case m wluch this draught ether eon^.ins anvthin, further than what that Act provides for or diffen fom such of the powers given to the Governor by his present Commission. a.s do not recp.ire to be altered or omitted in consequence of the said Act, is in the clause whieh provides for the devolution of Governinent upon the eldest (Councillor, when, upon the death or absencf of the Gov o l' sL happen to be no L.entenant-Governor upon the spot ; and in this c:lause the said Lords Com i sion" have thought fit CO insert a proviso, that in such case the eldest Councillor being a Canadian p o X e religion of the ," urch of Kon:e, shall not be capable of takin. the Adinini'st,.tion of Gov™^^^^ npon winch the said Lords Commissioners submit as in their o,.inion a necessary and proper restrirtl<;n ' The Lords of the Committee this day took the said representation and draught of a Commission into consHleration. and are hereby pleased to refer the same to His Majesty's Attorney and 80^0" Genera to consider thereof, and report their opinion forthwith, whether Ihe powers ^."^1 ft ritls ir^ertedm^ sa^ ^^^^ ^^^^ ♦FioMi Privy (>)uncil Regigter. " . 4( :nce through 1 luid south- lie iiorthurn be so intor- c(! until the ho found to bank which lieiico hy a m hoiiiidary Aviu'il to tho 10 to the Mer- islaiuls and tit of New- t and parcel the 7th of ary of the LFl-'AIRS, HE Attor- 20 1774. refer unto ttini,' forth ne of His is'it of a 1 (lovernor gg 'h manner e for the 1 the only or differs lire to be alutioii ot lore shall nissioners profe.«sing venimeut, 40 ustriction. inriiission Solicitor- nth ori ties it Session Un lebec't'x!^wf r'"';*"';'"''"'^ """ ""■"^'"' ■"■"^■'^'"" ^"- ^'- ^-v-n,nent of the Province of Quebec. ,„ No.tl, An.er.ea. do correspond .ith .he provisions of the said Act. and are proper inirt ol La \v. referi::tu:.;Z':;L^::::rr'" " "^ ^"-^-^^ ^-^ Soncitor-Oeneral under the above TMPEKIAL OHhKJi IN COUNCIL, 1!ith DECEMBEK 1774 ApmOMSU ,.K T..K D„AKT Cu.MMiSS.OX To GoVKiiNC.t CaULETON, OP QUEBKC * At thk CdiJiiT AT St. .Tajiks', in T> i rm ,.. , tlie li)th day of DceendMM-, 1771. Gcor!;'s;"w t'Siw ft'r"r''!''*^^'^^'^''°^^^ ^''^-"i-. j^-i "^ «•-'<.■•< Goochlcke. '•' ' l-"^''<-^^'-"shu.e, Charles Jenkinson. Esq.. Viscount Fahnouth, Sir John the (^i^Ze tnCent,;' ?^.:rli:ri;''^^^^^^ : 7r 'r ''- ^'^^^ """"--'^'^ ^'- ^-^^ "^ new Counnission pre, " ' t r "'• ' '^"' •'"^' "P"" ^o'-^nleHnc, the draught of a Connuission by w i^ C.^^ciTt ';:"""!^^'''"""? ^^''.''"''^'''^ -"' P'-^^'-^i'>-. '-oWug th^present North America T, . , ' ^ [" '' ••^I'P'""ted Coveruor of the Province of Quebec in Joint API'KNIllX. Sec. V. Ttnprridf StdfiittH and A, -I. H , if State hmriiii/tai the ilHiatitin of the Uaamtaricn, Iiiipi'iiiil (•nliT in C!iJtiiicil, lltth Doc, 1771. BOUNDARY DESCRIPTION IN IMPERIAL COMMLSSIOX TC GOVERNOIi-GENEIlAL CARLETON OF QUEBEC. 27tu DECEMliER, 1774 Sm Guy CKr.i.v.To^,-Cuptava.General and Go.emor.ln-Cl.rf of tl. Prorincc ofQuehrcf ^ and t:;i^X::zi:ii'i;:::2^^^^ :;;:;-:: - f •-- --.^e Ni^ara, and theuce along by the eastern and ^outh-ll^t b nk L^ E ^ fiiZir r 2 iT'I unt.l the sanie shall be intersected by the northern boundary granted by ti,e cka ^ , P f 40 Pennsylvania, in case the same shall be so intersected and fro.n fl! '"V f, P'-«v-'nce of western boundaries of the said Province, untilt d w: . u ,^r s i;;^ u" o! "T^'"" ^"' Imperial Cotnmissiim to (iovcrnor ClirU'tnll, of •From I'livv C(.uiicil Regis ;ep. + Lib. B. (2), Imperial Comniissions, fol. 1. ''S\ r 01 376 a™,, ^f :'«»t'"-«'^ «f England trading to Hudson's Bay, an.l also all such Territories, Islands anrl Countries which have, s.nce the tenth d/.y of February, one Ihousan.l seven hundn-l and sixty-three. lu'en nmde lmp.rM- P'^''* "f ^''^' ^J"v-er..n,ent of Newfoun.lland as aforesaid, to^jethur with all the rights, menibeii. and aiatuUAand appurtenances whatsoever thereunto boloni'in" Aetf of state ^ ^' btarinii on tAe qvtttiim of tke u„un^u.. PAPERS RELATING TO THE EXTENSION OF THE BOUNDS OF QUEBEC. 177*.« Governor Carli'ton to Karl cif Dart- mouth, lltii Nov., 1774. OovERNon Cauleton to the Eaul of Dartmouth. „ T T., . , QuKiiEC, nth November, 1774. My L0UD,-The inclosed ad.lress of His Majesty's Canadian subjects at Montreal was delivered to me yesterday, with their request, that the .same might be transmitted to Your Lordship, in order to be laid at the foot of His Maje.sty's Throne; I really believe, it contains the genuine effusion of their rn hearts, upon the late extension of his paternal regard to their happiness an.l welfare, and that the tender, therein oHered, of every grateful return they can make for so much favour shewn them, is as hearty and sincere, as can be wished or desired. I am, with much e.steem and respect, Your Lordship's most obedient and most humble servant, Earl of Dartmouth. ^^'^ Cauleton. One of Ilia Majesty's Principal Secretaries of State. Petition of Canadians of Montreal to the King, 1774. Petition of the Canadian Inhabitants of Montreal, referred to in the foregoing despatch.* 20 c, Au Roi.+ Sire, ' Qu' il soit permit h nous vos tr^s fidoles sujets les citoiens Cnnadiens de la Ville de Montreal de nous prostcrner aux pi^s du Trone de votre M.jest4 pour lui tomoigner les vifs .sentimens de reconnoi.s.sance dont nous .sommes penetrc's en consideration des graces et .les avantages in.5xprimables dont nous .sommes comblos par I'acte ^mane de v,5tre auguste Parloment, auquel p.r une affection singuleire pour votre peuple Canadien. il vous a pliit. Sire, do.mer v6tre approbation Roialie Les expressions nous manquent pour convaincre v6tre Majeste. de toute la plenitude de nos obli-miions pour leHusion de tant de bienfaits; mais nous disons du Fond de nos coeurs sinc^-rement et judkieuse- ment que nos vies, no^rtunes, et toutce que nous avons de cher dailleurs est aquis k votre Majesto 30 Sire, * Public Record Office— Colonial Correspondence, Canada (Quebec;, 1775, Vol. XI. * Ibid. + Tv the King. to c'onvince your MajLty of the Z^Xl/^^^^^ th 'be^tS 'ofZ, S IZls -'Inf '" "" /" "'"^'' bottom of our hearts, sincerely and doliburatelv that our liv.., nnr (.lllZt T u V ''^ '*"" ' °»*' ^*'e s'ly, from the to your Majesty, wh,', will be Lnvinced th3£th ocS^^^^^ hold dear are devoted convinced of our fidelity, of our submission, and of our obedieioo durin,; al,I?a^fril of f / """oh.js, he is already ourselves is a first duty, in which we will nJt fail. "''•^'^'""=°. ii are we not about to taste ! We are adonted as sonq an.l a, n-n^i.-^i, „;*• nr ■ . . in the religion of our fathers ; our civil laws are restored ?,,,« J ' T English citizens. We are maintained Behold us then. Sire, in the highest degree of hanniness with nnthin.r un f,.- „„ * i • -r .- . preserve the Seminary of Montreal, even asit haVsSri »i,,To its esLbllh, ■ -^t TW^ 'i"'"' ^^'-'K'^^ "'" *'"* I Ooimtries , lii'cti liiado uiiiburH and 177*.« 1774. lelivored to order to be jn of tlieir j^ d that the bhem, is as t, L,ETON. aoiNo 20 .S77 qui en sera persmidoo lor,s(iuo Ics oeciisions riiitr,,„f- , "ous n., i..U.„i.. ninsi . „„ just, el u ,""""' ''''''"":'' ""' "''"""' ''^' •''"^^"-' -^ '"•■'- ' Honunes „,H,s ,.a.s au > ..........t' le . , ' "" "'V'^"'.'-""''' '"^"•''""- 'i'-Ho satisfaction „o nou.den.t.di,neet.eue..e:.:(t.u :; :rv::;;r^ ^"^ tf I' -ton,- si dosi.. ,.anni Hen ^ d..,sin.r .s'il plait a vot.v Miiusto I '""''" '^'"■' '.^" '.•'""'''"'l" '""''"-r, ot ii ,.,. ,„.„. rest.m son dstahlisse.n,.nl : 11 .st util. p n- ^ ^ ; -^ 7"; '7— o d. Montreal tel .p.'i, .ubsinto d.puis 10 no. onlans . n„us do,„and.„.s ans J^.i ^ 'n 1, ' ^^ "';"" '' ''"''•"•'''"^""«^ I"'- ' -'"cation de mentdo nos pauv.vs et d. r Js n 1 ' C dire avec le plus profond L c 1 la n ' 1 '''^;",'^^^^«"'^-"«"'^T'« """^ avons 1' ho.u.our de nous -. t.. ....!;..;... sonS^i:i::^:-r;: ~r r:^^ ^^--^^ -- do r':::^;^:^;?;;^!:;:;^'^'^^^^ ^i:-*^^-^; ^---'^"y- ^'-I'-ii, Hi..a.nban,t, h..^ SroSoreli, L.Sor^:'lt''p^,,^'';'"^' fT?"'f' ''^"''""'"' ^"-'--"'N Lo„isBri,p,i ! P.e.re Lanean. (Juy Ca;i notL 1 T . i, J u" ^^n' >'"''""; ^'"""** ''^^"■'^••'•' ''^t»- T>'"n.Mniou, Hypolite l>en.ieux:Chl.s. Sa i.^in ^s ,isi;. ' ^ Jf""'' ^^1^'''. "'^""■"'^-•^-". A'naMc R..au,„e, Charles de St. (Jurs. St. Ours u" i,^' 1^ i I C ';"^"^'7''';., ^^7' ""»''-"• «''!'•■ do St. Ours, Del.onne, Lan,ar,uo, St. George. ])„p,.J. L^ . '' '''"""■^' '"'"'" '"•^- '""■"^'•' ''•'""--. Oontrecoenr, Uplat. .flllNl' Al'I'KMlU. 8to. v. Ini/irrial ■'^tiiliitr.i and Ad.infstaO' >"(triiiii „ii Ihr (lltiMviii nfthe H'ntnitftrin, Pftitinn of f^anacliaiis of .Mciiilri.al til the King-, 1771. Montr(5al itiinen.s de :[)riinal)les i affection ialle. Les >bligation.s utli(,'ieuse- re Majeste 30 o prostrate iiutratod, in ivhioh, by a IS in which f, from the iro devoted e is already lis ci>mp<)rt inaiutained lent limits, rorthy and ity will but tioii i)f the Is, founded e also pray he greatest )8t faithful lo the Kings Most Excellent Ma j. sty. May it please Your Majesty. appear to m to bo .iccra-.aiT in cnsfnilciico of tl,o A„i „ '-''"™'l»"i n.U the mtcuor countiy, as ..,c„t; it also contains an ...oointrnl f t] „ ( „ . , T ,'" "'° '"■" "'"'"" »' "'« '"« ''"'i- « .ions to be „,a„„ .„ ti,o ^.^i,:^x ^::^::::':j';;;:;^zT '"■ -" '"'^"" "" ^"-^'- WinT.SHKD Keene, SOAME JkNVNS, C. F. Greville, Whitehall, December 22nd, 1774. W. Joi.liffe. Tlio Lords of Trade to the Kill),-, L'-'nd Uec, 177-J. ^ * Colonial Office Record.-IjW.d of •^^^^^^:^:^^i:^q..^>..^VJ^^^1.l7^n^^^^ Km 'OKT ()| TIIK I Joint APHftfriix. Hiv V. Imitrriii.' ■ir',, ,/.v„^. Uy the Riglit Honoumlilu tlio Lunls of tl .S7« lOUlK or CuMMimw: ny ('ouncm, kou Pr.ANrATn.N- A KKAMIS Til IIIK KiNd At Tin: Coim ii. riiAMiii:i!, Wiiitkhai.i., tilt! L>.stli (lay of Dfct'inlitT, 1774. hra riitfion the i/iirrti'in iifthf Hdun'larii Prc-ciit — Aicliliislioj) of ('aiitcrl w Cominittf of ('ouiieil for I'liuitation AH airs. of Dartmouth, Sir (Jilhort Elliott. V iwy, Hisliopof London, l.onl I'ro.si.loiit, Wollboro Ellis, E,m(|., Kurl iNOountCiuro, Charles Jciikinson. Rso Kp|icirt Com iiiittwof unto thi.s C Ccmncil to Your Majesty havinj,' hecn i)lfa.so(l by your Onh'r in Council of tlio i^nl thi3 K i»K. 28th Dec. 177-1. forth, 'J'hat in obcili lonniiittee a rcprcscntatioti from the LonU C if this iiintiint to rrfcr .M i)nnni~;«ionorH for 'I'radt il P Majesty icnce to \our .MajL'sty's conimamls, si^rnifi.Ml by the Karl of I ), aiit.itidns, setting .s pnnciiinl S.^cri'tarirs of .^tato, thoy had prepared a .Iran-ht of irtmnulli, one of Your Carleton, Esquin>, whom Your Majesty has been pleased t Province of Queiiee ; That this drauVdit cont ippi'iiit to be Ooveinor of \ ncral instructions for Ouy l(( dns not only such in.structions as Mir Mnjest>'s illy iiv usually mven to other Kovernorr .>o (ar n.s the .san.o are applicable to this Province under its new constitution of^.,ve,n- nient. but also .such other d.rec-tion.s for the establishu.ent of Judic ,ture, the reionn and re«ul,Uion of ccclcsnustical n.attc.r.s, and the arrauKemont.s proper to be m.vle in respect the coa.st of Labrador and the interior country a« appear to the sai.l Lords Commissi ,„ers to be necessary in conse,|Uen,-e of the Act p.-.sed m the last .session of the late parliament; That it also contains an appointment of the council conformable to that Act and directs tho two provi.sions to be made for the support of the eiyil establishment o government; That the said Lords (.'omndssioners also beg leave to lay before Your Majesty a .lrau,,ht of such instructions to Your Majesty's (iover.ior of Quebec, as are usually «iven to .Q the j,.n..mors ,. ^our Majesty's other colonies respecting the observance and tho execution of tl.e laws tor regulating the Plantation Trade. The Lords of th.. Committee in obedience to Your Majesty's said order ot reference, this day took the said representation and'.lraughts of instructions into consideration and do agree humbly to report as their opinion to Your Majesty that the said instructions do appear to contain the several regulations necessary in consequence ot the Act passed in the last session of the lato parliament^ intituled "An Act for the making more crt'ectual provision for the Government of the Province of Quebec in North America," and are applicable to the said province un.ler its n..w con.stitu- tion of government. But the Lords of the C,.-nmittee upon considering the 5Cth article of the .Irau-dit of general instructions which provides for the support of government within Your Majesty's Provir.co of Quebec, by fijcing the salaries and allowances to the several officers therein mentioned ar"e of opinion "0 that It may greatly tend to tho g<,od of the Province, to increase the salaries of the six judges of the C^mon Pleas from three humlred pounds to Hve luindred pounds per annum each, and tluU the two schoolmasters should be allowed a stipend of one hundred poun-ls per annum each to the end that the respective offices may be niore readily supplied by persons of learning and abilities; with which alteraaons the Lords of the Committee do agree humbly to lay the said draughts of instruction before Your Majesty as proper for Your Royal approbation. »i Imperial Oudeh in Council, 28 December, 1774, APPnOVINQ OF THE FORKOOINO REPORT or THE DRAFT INSTRUCTIONS TO GOVERNOR CARLETON AS THEREBV AMEXDi:n AND Al.TKUEn.* At the Court at St. Jamks's, 'f '"J 28th day of December, 1774. te:t. ., Present--The Kings Most Excellent Majesty, Archbishop of Canterbury, Yiscount Falmouth Lord 1774. °' Liondon, Wellbore Ellis, Esq., Humphrey Monis, Esq. fb. I-o?"".?'' '?r ''"', r'"'.;'"' '■'"' "' '^'" ^'"'"^ -^ ''■^'"■' <■'■""• *'^" '^'^'''t Honourable the Lords of the (.ommittee of Council for Plantation Affairs, dated this day, in the word,, following, viz. : 40 * From Privy Council Register. 4(; K KlN(l.» •, I77I-. s, Em(|., luirl Milt to rofiT i()ii.-, setting Diic of Your HIS t'lir Ciuy 1(1 !!■ Mlljcst\'s liy j,'ivcn to 1 of ;roV('in- •jrulatiun of ilor and the of the Ant tliij council 'f tlie civil icforc Your tiy Hiven to 20 3f the laws .ji'sty'M snid nsideration o a|ipcur to of till' Into lont of the V coii.stitu- he (h'aiij,dit 's Province of opinion 30 Iges ol' the fit tlic two d that the ith wliicli :ion bcforo ;LETON AS 40 1774. )uth, Lord e, Bishop 3 Lords of Pr il«.l S„.,,.,„,;,, „t S.„„ , , 1 ":•»-»'">■'■; 'I'" K.H..f l).«,„r,„U,,,„„.„f Hi, „„,„„,■, M...i...s V- ll„v„l Si„„, „ ■ ' "'" ' '"■"">•""» "' i-t"«'i"". f. I.- l..v,„uv,i ,;. I i. nOML ■N«TKUUT.0N.S T„ «UVK,..N,„u„iNKRA,. (UIU.KTOX. .-.itl, ,,.sn„,kV ,7r5 • UKOnOE 11. ' 10 [L. S.J Fifteenth Year of Our R..i,r„ ' '"^ '*"' '^''•>^ '^' J'^^xary, 1775, in the Brit^n.!;!::;:;;:;;:/;::;^;::;- Quo hoc. ,n America, and all ()„r Territories thereinto helon^in. as 1: i r ' ' , r""'" "^ a.-o l.o.,„do,Und described in an,l l.y the said (Joinmission rvZ " e h. v^ r TZ *"' '""'"T Kxecntum of the ()tli,'e anilTnisi W,. 1,.., • ' "' -i" tn.ittoio to take upon yon the 20 and to .,0 an., execute all ', .1 : . 1 '^ ^^I "S M "^^ ^'^^^^^^^^^'^^ "'^ *•'" ^-oLn.it, several powers an-J- Anthorities^f 0,.;iu! „:,'': o;.'r::t S 'T"T i '^"'"''"^ ^" ^"" these Our Instructions to vn„ ... „ ..;.,...,. „k:!' '''./^"^ <-uat Seal ..f Great I^ritain, and Appfnuix. Mir. V. /iii/ifrml Sliiliilm and Ai^ta of .sitttf 'iiaritiii „ntht (lurtlinu „fthr nminiliiriet. Iinprisl Uriinr-iti- f'min.il, 28tli h4> R"Val [iiNtruo- tioilh to liiivfiiior- (il'IllTill (-'uilrton, Council : .„„ yo,,;™ .: 0. , °: 's, «■: I?,; '"',"'"'■ " ' ■' "'"■ "'''"■■ '■' """ '■-•' ,>i«.»., fo. ..„„„„, the ,.ia co„rt,. „„ c,.,.t.i„°„„: jr r, ,„;:::,"■;::,"";' ;':■ '.'"r ■ must, i„ many re»p»cL, «t lo«,t. l,o alto.r,*llor ..nijo.! l>v ,.!„,, ,, 1 ' ""' J'"'.!.""""' aOai.lcratiou. » w„-lM. „n,ac.J b) o"c',|.n,u„c,N ol local c.mv,.ui,.„uo ui.J co,i. 15. tn general it inrvy be propot tlmt thcrn »he« relative to the Province of Quebec, ordered iohr^p^^^i^^^^-;-^^ " ^ 11 I •fill NT ArrKNmx. Hcc. V. ml '•'li'iii. n.hl ,i|,„ ,„M. ,Sl...ritr «p|.oint.-.l for ,.,u-li ,| /m/» Can criminal and rivil jniisilicf civil HMI Nil tlu> 1 mHilifh.,,, in ,.,i,.|, of thn .li.tnrts „{ tl,.. lllinoiH. Suint \ ^:^'';- v!:;:' ''''"i'^'' h- 1'^' nan...H ..r ti,.. (;,.,nt AciM.„si,fh '■" "•' '"^' '"»""■•♦ "t the (unit 1. 1 Mr).,',s t^:!,Z't ^'"'!'-''' ^t foMNVMii-nt ; will, mtUnti. tn istrict Tliiit licsiilci the fdrc^oinj} Courts of rovincv at liui,'.j, tl...... b.. uls„ „„ lnF,.ri..r Conrt of .Tiniiiuil and inccnM'' hi'troit, Miv-iiliniaidimi; and f.i Royal l„,tnic- '''^''' ""'l^t''"* Hc.'nrdin^' to tlio nil tinim to HiiviTiMir Ui'iirral Ciirl ilDii, 1778. ■l olU'ctinil proviNion tor tli- Lfovrriinioat ,,f i,^,,, ■or »iidi diHtriet, to !„. ii,.|.| at -mdi tinios a.i hIiuII '■ "■ ' .fcrifdnc in all niartiTs of Ji riii'inal natijru luvv ti.rcu-'Vi made and i>ivxsid, anil ill all 'lid Art of J'lirliftKMfnt " fur Miiikitii,' nioro . .,f:;, I ,Zi'"'', ■""■:'; '; r;,","'-'"-" "-i"-*-' -iv u.... i„ ».„,.., .'z. .."z i::.r::::;;r:::;s:':':;''--'^"«''-*f^-- tliat he will efieetualiv ,ro „ t^e r 1 T'' ''? ''^P""'^"^ ""^ «'^''"^' -'^"'' --'^^ sncl. fine was inipoJi^"^:;:^;!:,':,;;:;;;:;;:"'' ''''''-' ^'^" condemnation, if the sentence h, whieh varions settli.nents of ( J i^ m l^ ^ , ; :r iT" V'^ '^r''" ""' ^"""•""' "^" *'- interior conntrv on the one hr.il n t "^ f ""' f ^.'^^ .^"'^'•>' *'-''■ '" *'- "I'P-' - and on the Labrador Coast o i :/ I ^ ;/ '^ I'-.s henes in the Culph of St. Lawrence, dLspateh. " ''""'^' '"^'"^ ^' H'';i->lation,s that require uciiberation and fort.!! ,;i;t^^^!;;ei:;:^:::::i:;;r^r i Tt'^''"'fr '- ^'•"""'^' ^"''^^^^' -"- oth,.,. in .l,^i„,.ri..,. c„.„,.,.j. .1 1 ,1 filZL n. """'"';•■»'■ •; tli«« Po.ts and of every 50 f 2( 30 40 'I T T T 60 T T T Coti rts of iiiiitial ariil iikiimi: ami L'H an hIiuU mil iiatijru ami in all .kin;,' iiioro Jiiil ( '(inrts H:r ipJanta- ■ atlvjco to 10 St or i-s.suo apiioiiited vxMtcd in (OS as any III, niui'ili-r I connnit- iecl before on of civi urn(ir and )n lor the 20 II di.^jMile jutenant- •j Nliall be |M'al i'mrii re that no ■ecutothe \>y ns in lie taking :o matter Council, OQ it is our Council security y means U(iL;lll('llt Council inijioaid si'ciirity y which 40 ttention I of the pper or wronee, ion and matters pointed lary for ' every 50 beyond • excite tiSl agerj |,y every means in your power ::^::tr:::;j';; ;t,,;""i2::'"-''"-' '"» <■"-' "«■'■■■ -^^-^ -.i.. .» ^ olierished and uncour- It is Our Uoyal Intention thrt the |',.| open to all onr Niiiijeets, inhabit trv (n by Our Uoyal I'roehimation of I ants ui' any ,,( () e of the interior country sliould be fi,.,. „n,l Jonrr for th at purpoHe, under penidties to (jl <'•■(, olitiiin Licen.scN t 11 tl Ml ■',l,,„it,.^_ ^v|,o „|„j1|_ p„p^ lU (J i>vernors o Quobce for that out all Our Amei pur|ii tl «erve such re>.'iiliitinnH as shall 1 f I'll *o what was direeted Our sail! (,'ulon les lese rri,'ulationN, thcMefor, wl can lOMsi'ssioiis, am I tl 10 tl »o that trade « hidi the nature of it will ad •y must have tor their object tl an e silviimres with wlioni it i adjusting' modes of setti uit, and as May eun>,t dealing to irds iiK fftted times and piftees for carrying on the trad and aliovt) the Peltry trade in the int.'rior Trade and I'latitations in in a variety of ca.ses in \ branch of the .American (onunerce. lose and a variety of other Jegulation all tl mcii le restraining .fi pi "bal.l,, „„c| eti'','etual meii/iH ot answer! s, incident to the nature an.l purpose ol wiu Kiiry iraoe in t le intermr coiintrv mr. fnll.. . . i- 1 .■■..«.» .vo.i (mrjioso or Trade an.l Plantations in 17(i4 T v l.r w i , "\ ' ' ' '"i"'"^'"' ''^' '""" ^''— i""-'^ f-' i" - variety of ca.ses in whidl it av .. 1 T ?"""""'■ '""' "''''-•*' ^^'" '*'-'''^" "^ " «"i'lo ^^h.ch It ma> be necessary to make provision by law for that important To the Governor, fwr Annum To the Lieut.-Covernor ".//.,....'."'. £:;,000 To the Chief Justice ...1.......... • ^'^^ To 8ix Judges (,f Common Pleas, at £.S00 each ^'-"^ To the Attorney-Ueneral ■ • -i-'lOO To the Clerk of the down and Pleas ^00 To Two Sheiitls, ;it £100 each 100 30 To the Seeretary and RrLristrar .....'..'.*,.". '00 To the Clerk of the I'ouneil ....!.!."!!.'.!.!,.... ^^^ To the Surveyor of Lands 100 To the Suiveyor of Woods 300 To the Commissary for In.liiins .. 200 300 100 100 400 .300 40 To the Captain of the i\)rt To the Naval Officer .,. To the lleceiver-CJeneral of the Revenues . . '. .7. . . ".*. To Twenty-three Coiincilloi-s, at £100 each To the Lieut.-Covernors or Superintendents at theS Illinois Poste St. Vincenne Detroit Mi>siliuiakimu' . . G :isrt< To One Judge of the Inferior Courts of Kings Bench and O tive Posts, at £100 each Jud. re at £200 eacl ifim Omnion Pleas, at each of the nb ove To an Assistant or As .ssessor at each Post at £,-)() ^wr annum • 50<» 250 100 200 200 To T,.,^ u u I . ' ^"'"'^"- »>• --"■•' psr annum each ..nn To 1 wo Schoolmasters, at £ 1 00 per annum each ^"^ 200 To a Sherifl- for each District, at £i'0 perannum To a ( muidvoyer 50 To a French Secretary To j;our Ministers ofUie Prote4a;;t Ch;;;d;;;;"i^io ^, annum each T S82 ^--- To p"ii"nTT, " nl;- '''"r """•"'' *° «"I-erinten.l tl>e Romish Church 2OO lm)„ri,ii "iiiuiiiLaiiy Aihnvaiice, as follows, VIZ.: Ail"l:/sMe '^'' M-'i'^ii'iir lli-aMvil!o, the Coi.un .n-laiit of sai.l Oom.s S;-™^;/^" /^'''^ Captams, at £100 «aci. .^^['^['. ^"^ liinimiaviit. To Tell Lifiitoiiaiits, a(, '^oO each ^^^ Royiii iiiBtruc- '^"*' fc''o Comiiiaiidant of the Sava<'('s ^^^ fi::™. ^'» the Annual Conting .at Expe.i^e. ". ^'^^ ^"•"•nil 1,000 Cnrloton, 1775. • All 1 • 1 u 1 • £17,350 Impcii.-il Coiiiinisiiions t(i Lii'ut.- 'iiivcrnors of Iiitt rior Posts of Quebec, 1775. BOUNDARY DESCRIPTIONS-IMPEiUAL COMMISSIONS TO LIEUTENANT-GOVERNORS OF THE INTERIOR POSTS OF QUEHEC, 1775! GOVERNORS I7T1I Ai'HiL. 177">. Knu'AKD Abb<.tt, Y.^..r(:„von„>,-i„-Clii,.f.,f ,m r • •™' •'';'"'""", '""" "> t™» r«civ„ from „„r Reign Given at Our Court at St. James's, the seventh vernor and Sap.rinle.dr.t ,U fhr fMroit * Gkorge thic Thiiu), KTC. To our trusty and well-beloved Henry Ilan.ilton, lisquire, ,.,oeting : We, reposing especial trust an.l confide.ice in vourloyalty inte-ritv"ind •ibilit v dn 1 , f1 * Colouial Office Record.-Book "Grauts and Warranta." f,c« ,.. .!,„., n7rt:^;^ri;;^7^„TI 200 cliiirgod 200 oOO 500 100 1,000 £17,350 fter the First 10 GOVERNORS nee line * jfemlor of tlie do, b_y tliese 20 t of tlio Post if Quebec, iu next, (luring apportaining vo from our -Governor or year of Our MOUTH. 30 ■oil !S(; presents, itc lietwenn neriea. To ir pleasure, pertaining; ^Q urCaptain- im Reign. % His Mnjesty'.s command, Dahtmoi'tu. Tth AiMtii,, 177.-,. P™k S,xc..., J^s,.,n.-UrUrn,n.,Gorer.or an, S.,erinten,ent .U M;..iUn.aHnac* 10 ^"^:;r^J"""' '^ '" '"'"'■ -' '-'• ^^^^ '^^-^ ^'^'-> ^«- -^^ /^^/-^ z)^...,. ,^,,, To our tru,sty and well-beloved Patrick Sinclair, Esquire, greetin. • present: z:;:L:!:::;!p:;;;:^:;;;:;r;';:r "' rr '-'"''' '-"''-''y --^ ^^^''^^- <-- ^^ ^hese between the Lakes Hun.n Ll Ih i^ „ W Zt^TT ^W post ^tu.ted America. To have, hold, exercise anf "iov t sn ^^''-""'-l<"-e, in tl,e Province of Quebec, in our pleasure, with all rights, prh- 1 '^i,^ Zld 7"' "f '^" '''^ '^^ '^'^^ "' ^^^^ "-^. ''"-g ap,.ertaining; and you a^ to obey suth'o hL " '" "'".'^"" '" '''" •'"■^"'^' ''^''"""''"g «' from our Captain General and ( .n- n rT • p "' •"' '"" "'""' ^'•'"" ''""^ ^^ tin.e, re.:;ive Gov.nororConnn.nder.in.rbiL:;r:;dr;;L:^^^^ * Reig"'^'^" ^^ ""'• ^•^•"•^ ^^ «^' •^-'-^' ^"° -^-^ "ay or April. 177^! in the ti.eenth year of Our By His M:ij.>sty',s command, Dartmoutr. 7tii .Xi'iiiL, 177"). »Urr„KW J„„„.„», EsQ„,„._Z,™,e ,.„„„„.„„,. ,„„, ,, ,.,,„„„,,„,, „, ,,^^ ,,^. __^,^. George the Tiiikd, etc. To our trusty and well-belove.I Matthew Johnson, Esquire, Greeting :- We, reposinj. presents, constiti 30 dependencies established, or to be cstablisbed wifl,;,, fi rii- • r\'-' ' ■"'" '• """"' '" ''"^ ^'"''^ ^^^^ its America ; To have, hold exer ise nnd it "' """r ^;^"'^''' '" '^''' '^''"^ "-^' "'' Q"^''-^"- i" our pleasure, with all th r^^X^^ZT^^:'''-: '"^^ f" ''"^ ''' "^ ''"^^ -'•'^^- ""-"g or appertaining: And yo,? ar^ t ohiv if T '"'T'v ""' ''^•l^'^^^^g^^ *» the same belonging receive from ^„r Captrol^le.:; ^ C^^;::^;:;!cS "C^ ^^^°" t'!^ 'r ^'"'^ '" ^'"^ Lieutenant-Governor or C.nnnandor-in.Chiefom:;;::?J^:i:::\Jru::ir'^^' '' "''' ''' ^^^^Given at Our Court at St. Jan.es's. the seventh day of April. 1775. in the tittlth year of Our .folNT Ari'KNDIX. Sec. V. Imprrinl tSliitiilis and AcUitf Stntr. bi'ttriiiijim the qutatiim of the Dimiiidirii's. Inipciiul CuinniisHionH to liicnt.- Iliivi'i'imrs "f lrit"rii>i» I'cist« (if tiufbuc, 1775. -"."..^w.., j.nijiiiie. ureeting ; — ing especial trust and confidence in your lovaltv inf,.,r,.;f.. i 7 -vx , tute and appoint you t,, be Lieutenant C.v .V " ■ " '''^"^'^^'' ''"' ''^ ^'"''^^ ^tablished.^ to b e.t,..,,'r "';■'"''':■ '?::' ^-'l-nntendent of the Post and its By His Majesty's commimd. Dautmouth. 40 7t!i Aimul. 1775. Nicholas Cnxi, E.q,.ihe-A/../....,-(;.,,,,„, ,„„j s,.pr.h„.,uln,( at Ga.pl* . [In the .same terms as the four preceding commissions.] * <"'(il . i.. * * S( * ♦ 40 )VE[lNORS 1775.» / 10. n gniL'iously n till) Prov- tirst clay of idanee upon fALL. 10 anl Alihott, 1(1 Post St. LDIMAND Quebecf ce, courage ire motion 20 > rtineral and Territories if Chaleurs rence fi-om stem b.ink •>\a,\n, until laiik of the mly called said bank Province of 30 rtliorn and Hit in case ■s.iid bank '11 angle of iglc of the the River mrd along Merchants Countries leen niaile 40 11(1 .apptir- 1 'I 385 CASE OF M. DE ROCHEBLAVE, COMMANDANT OF. THE ILLINOIS, 1785. Minutes op tub: Council of State foe~^e~Provixce of QuEnKo, 23rd Mav 1785 * On Monday, the 23rd May, 1785, at the council chamber in the Bishop's Palace : " ' " The Honourable Henry Hamilton, Esq., Lieutenani-Governor and Commander-in-Chief . 0. a tS^oIl^- ^^^^^ A- Ma.ne. Oeorge Po.na. 10 Mr. Mabane read, and delivered to be entered on the minutes, the following paper, viz • ^^^ oKserve in the Acting Receiver-General's account current, an article of the 3rd March, 1785, '■ of Zl^-r'r?; To1i!:'7:;\^?- '" ''^, ^f '"^ ^ -mmandnnt of the Illinois from the 13th "warrant, iated2m^5a:eh;178l""'^^^^^ ^° Lieutenant-Governor Hamilton's ^ won'^fs^mlz::2.:7t:p'' ■' "-"Tf ^»^-'' -•• - ^^ '-t™.i.c:: a'n:; appointZ^ Haldimand declined i 1^11^^^^ T^ """ -I"-'^l>y -^ His E.Kcellency Governor of Lieutenant-Go en Alurind Jot T "T"" •^"''"" ''' of November, 1784, for'the salaries 20 Illinois were withou 1 letinS asl'Sl tli T'"' '^''TTf,^' •'" ^''"^'' ^^ "^^ '^'"^^"^ ^^ *^- the King's troops or sub ect!^ ^ """' ''^' '^'^ ^^^"'^^'^'^ '^'■'^'y' ^"^ "°t occupied by "A. Mabane." LI.UTENAXT.GOVERNOR HAMILTON, OF QuEBEC, TO LOKD SyDNET, SeCUETAHY OF StATE.* y,ur T -.r . Quebec, 9th June, 1785. prov^:e'h:;:^^::s:::;t;hit:!i'r^^^^^^ ^"^ ^^^^^^^'^ ^--^^^^ «^ «^^^^ ^-^^'-^^ instruction, ami obieXn tvfn 'b n I T n" "" '""""' "°""^'-''' '" ^^'^ ^'^^J^'^^^'"'^ ^'Ji^ional pai.l to Ph Hip P^oSave F r « > , '"^■'"'"' °' ''"^ appointments formerly allowe.l and as fully as '^^1^^^ 7^^^^^^^ -3-'^ called ^n to state humbly presume to solicit Hi Mitv'sl P-tensions, and the grounds on which I 30 unable to vindicate his chlcter I' I r ""f''^'"' ' P^-". f-'" '^1— greatly stand in need. ' ^^'J''^^'' ^'°""*"^' "^ ^^''''^''^ ^''^ ^^""'^'•'""^ family so Majesty's se.vice, Sir Gu7S,W^^^^ '"•P"''. "" '^^■''' '''''''''' ""^^ "^ ^^'''"•'^<^ ^«'^1 ^^^ His y r,.r uuy Laiktons letters accompanying tins will be the most satisfactory proofs Capta!:S'iXlr:7i:rih:i:\;:'' '" ^-^^-^^^--^ ~ands after the reeall of without defence. Bein^' attack: ' Ca "'v " -nin.and of two companies at Kaskaskias, was left and familv, thrown into^ tv . .dM'rl^ -the rebels ui the night, he was carried ofl'from his wife marched to Willianl in Virl^^.X; 7 --^ --''^y and indignity, till at length he was ^^ ul.hc Record Office-Colonial Office Record.. America and West Indies, Canada, msTl^-^g^ .ToiN- Api'kn: 'X. Sec. V. Slaliilr.i and Acta nf .State liiariiii/on the (jiicstiiin ufthe Btiiimiarka, Case of M. Koclicblavc, Coimntvmlant "f tliellliuoi.s, 1785. Min. of Coun- cil, 23 May, 1785. " Lieiit.-(;ov. of (,iuebi.'c, to tScc. of .State, June, 1785. Joint appkniiix. Sec. V. hiipfrial ^tdtutrn and Art.inf SIdIr finirinii iitf thr qutftiim iiflhi- iitiituftariin. Ciise of M. Kncheblavo, Cdininaniliint i>f the Illinois 1775. nsfi iriadc his way to Canada T know not, but at Now York Sir Henry Clinton honoured my drafts upon the Commander-in-Chief in Canada, and I continuetl to pay him his appointments of £200 per annum as allowed by Sir Guy Carleton. 1 have always understood that honours or emoluments granted by the King can only be resumed by him or forfeited by the crimes or misdemeanours of the grantee. Major Matthew Jolinston, to my particular knowledge, received his .salary as Lientenant-Uovernor of the Illinois while residing in London, and enjoying a post about the Court— this for several year.s. General Haldimand had ordered payment of his appointments to Mr. Rocheblavc, and I cannot find that any conduct of Mr. Rocheblave has given room to a retrenchment of his appointments, the accounts in which they are included, hav-ing jiassed the Treasury repeatedly. 10 I have the honour to submit most humbly the above in a perfect reliance on your Lordship's impartiality, and beg leave to subscribe myself Your Lord.ship's Most obedient and most humble servant, Henry Hamilton. Eight Honourable Lord Sydney, Secretary of State, etc., etc., etc. ■ ' % \' I Imperial Order-in- Couiicil, 7th April, 1786. IMPERIAL ORDER IN COUNCIL, 7th APRIL, 178G, Approving of the draft Commission to Governor Cari.eton of Quebec* At the Court at St. James's, 20 theTthof April, 1786. Present— The King's Most Excellent jMajesty, Lord President, Lord Privy Seal, Marquis of Carmarthen, Viscount Howe, Lord Sydney, Sir George Yonge. Whereas there was this day read at the Board a report from the Right Honourable the Lords of the Committee of Council, appointed fur the consideration of all matters relating to Trade and Foreign Plantations, dated the Gth of this instant, in the words followinir, viz.: " Your Majesty having been pleased by your Order in Council, of the 13th January last, to refer unto this Committee a letter from the Right Honourable Lord Sydney, one of Your Majesty's principal Secretaries of State, to the Lord President of the Council, in the words following, viz.: " ' My Lord,— His Majesty having been graciously pleased to appoint Sir Guy Carleton, Knight ot 39 the Order of the Bath, to be Captain-General and Governor-in-Cliief of the Province of Quebec, in ' America, and also to be Captain-General and Goveriior-in-Chief of the Provinces of Nova Scotia (includ- ing therein the Islands of St. John and Cape Breton) ami of New Brunswick, I must request your Lordship will lay before His Majesty in Council, for His Royal approbation, the several draughts of the Commission to be given to Sir Guy Carleton upon this occasion, and which I have the honour to transmit. '"I must beg leave to observe to your Lordship that the Commissions for the Provinces of Nova Scotia and New Brunswick are in every respect similar to those under which the present Gover- nors of those Provinces now act; but as it may happen in case of the death, removal, or absence of a Lieutenant Governor, when the administration of Government would, by the power of the Commissions, 40 devolve upon the eldest councillor, that juch a succession may not appear to be for the good of His Majesty's service. It is judged expedient that in such an event the Governor may be authorized to appoint any member of the Council he may think most fit to be Lioutonant-Governor until His Majesty's pi sure therein shall lie known. I therefore transmit your Lordship clauses propo.sed to be in.scribed for that purpose in the Commissions for these provinces, as well as in that for Quebec, if they shall bo approved by His Majesty in Council. ♦ From Privy Council Register. '*' \ ( diafts upon pur annum be reHumed inton, to my residing in cannot find he accounts Lordship's IILTON. 10 ^ 20 , 1786. Marquis of Lords of ,nd Foreign st, to refer 's principal Knight ot 30 Quebec, in tia (includ- quest your ghts of the honour to f ' . « ■«• » 'I 387 descHbcfr!u!::.:i:tLt!;;!l-'TK^'" ^- Q.-obec,it was necessary to of An.erlca; And also to d e th' no ets f h'"T' T "''''' '^ "" ''''''' "'^'^ ^^'^ ^'"^^"^ ^^^^es to any persons whatsoever, n i H sTla ^t ' trad u.g posts should in future be made or granted tl.e only particulars in wh icl idiL S " '"'""' '^''°"'' ""' "^^"'^^'^^ ''^^' "- Haldima,Id.' °"' *''' Commission given to the late Governor Sir Frederick said ie'e:;^^ t^riiribif ^^^^ ''t'''T'. ''"^- ''-'--- '-- *^'- ^^« into their consideratio.T as air^h C aus ito^ ^i T^U "'"' "" ■'"'^^ ^'"''^""'^'■^ "^ Co.nmissions, lOgivingauthority to YourAlat tvsG ™ nT A TT'"' '" ''"'' '' '''' ^^'^' Oonnnissions Oovemor of either of Z saM rov.^ s to . '^""^^' ''"''''' °'" '■^""^°^'^' °^' ^''^ ^'i-^enant- to be Lientenant-Go e nm t^K. eotZ 'y ■''T' .'"'' I'"'"*^"' '' '^^ ^'"""^'^ ^^^ *'- ^^^^ P-vince. received the opinion Zi 1 t^s tlmef ^f ff 7 r^ '^ 'r"'^ ' ^"' '''' ""'' -'"^ ^--"g tion to the said Dmughts of S^^^ct U U r^! M p-'^^T^' ""^ ''"" ^^'^^ '"^ ^">^ ^^S^' «'^- authority intended to be given him bvTe alle ti f'^J'^^ ' ?''""' '^""°* ^'^^"'^"^^ ^^'^'''^'■^^ ".e the Connnittee thereupon^th ."l t t T^^^^^^^^ ^^f ""'"'" "^ ^""^''^'- ''---'; General whether Your Majesty could bvvo i™ ^°"^ ^^^^J^^^^^'^^^-ney and Solicitor- Majesty's Provinces, even drg tdrj^^^ *" the Governor of any of Your Governors in case of a vacancy upon wl ch c u st orv M "'!' ' ^7" ^^^ ^^Pl'"'"^'"^ Licutenant- 20 have reported to this Comn tte^ nhat if sT 7 ,",''■' "'^'^ ^"°™'^^' ""'^ Solicitor-General Guy C^.leton. Jour Majesty m^ by your Ce s ^a rnri^r'"'" ''^ 'r^^'^ ""^^ ' '''"'' ^" ^'^ of the death, absence or renLal of anv " tho T ol . r " '^"^ ""'' ^">' ^'"•^'^^""> ^^^ «'^«« mission un,ler the .reat ea oTthe pL nn. ^^^^^<^'"^" "Governors, to appoint or nominate by a Corn- Council of the said P^rce Wilts! iT^ "f ^^^-^-'-'^ ^-PP-- any member of the thereof until Your Ma;^:;^r I^^lXS^-tn^rie:^ ^ll Lieutenant-Governor granted to Robert Hunter Esrinir^ vvT,n «,o» • / 1 7, ^ '^^ "^'^ ^'^'"^ powers were L«=„ Patent of the"!; trS;;!™^:']:^^'''"" "^ ''"'■'■ ""' '"'"'" "^ ■''""'"' Joint Al'I'KNIlIl, See. V. Imperinl Sditutai and A i\t» of Stale hcarhij/iin the i/iHutiuii of the lioutidarics, Ini|it'rial Ori!er-iii- Cdiuicil, 7tli April, 1780. 30 ■ ""' ^'^'y^^si-y s uovenior to nominate or annninf ^■ovincos of lent Gover- jscnco of a )mmissions, 40 30(1 of His thorized to s Majesty's e inscribed ey shall bo *0 BOUNDARY DESCRIPTION IN IMPERIAL COMMISSION TO OOVEENOR CARLETON OP QUEBEC, AFTER THE TREATV OF PEACE WITH THE UNITED SPATES hT 22nd April, 178C. S« 0„v 0.«,..XOK. K. E. [afterwards lord Do,.che,ter]_e„,,.;„.8.,«,^ „„, (,„.„.„„„.,•, „„>/ o/ the Province of Quebec* l>aveU,„„i,t ittoaipltvo 11 a„ d s c '• r TT °"'r^' ""^"n" ''"°"''"'""' »"'' """•> ■"»«". 'Sr- , ni.- c ■ ■ *H'l"^"»i' }0'i, tiie said Sir Guy Carleton. to be our Canfoin-Oonrnl onri r ., ■ Commission Chief m and over our Provinn,. nf >iveiuor ___ !i:!!!!L^Zl!!!!!!l^L^^!^^ Territories, Islands, and mil?"'"' I Lib. B (2) Imperial Commission, Fol. 24^ ~~ " 388 Joint Al'I'E.MUX. Sec. \-. Imperial Slalulm and Acts iif Stole litarivij im Ike qutsliiinnf the liimmlarits, ImiHiial Cuniinission to (fovcrmtr Cnrli'tim, l"8(i. Countries in North America, bounded on the south In- a lino from the Rav of Chaleurs, along the liigh land« which divide the rivers that empty themselves into the River Saint*Lawrence from those which fall into the Atlantic Ocean, to the north-westmost head of the Connecticut River; thence down alon<^ the middle of that river to the forty-fifth degree of north latitude ; from tlience bv a line due west on said latitude until it strikes the Jliver Iroquois or Cataraqui ; thenco alon;,- the middle of the said river into Lake Ontario; through the middle of said lake until it strikes the communication by water between that lake and Lake Erie ; through the middle of said lake until it arrives at the water communi- cation between that lake and Lake Huron; thence along the middle of said water communication into the Lake Huron ; thence through the middle of the said lake to the water communication between that lake an.i Lake Superior; thence through Lake Superior northward of the Isles Royjil and Phillipeaux 10 to the Long Lake ; thence through the middle of said Long Lake and the water communication be- tween it and the I^ke of the Woods to the said Lake of the Woods ; thence through the said lake to the most north-western point thereof, and from thence on a due west course to the River Mississippi ; and northward to the southern boundary of the territory granted to the Merchants Adventurers of England trading to Hudson's Bay ; and also all such Territories, Islands, and Countries which have, since the tenth of February, one thousand seven hundred and sixty-three, been made part of the govern- ment of Newfoundland, together with all the rights, members, and appurtenances whatsoever thereunto belonging. 20 Imperial Onierin Council, ISth A ugust, 17S6. IMPERIAL ORDER IN COUNi '-, 18th AUGUST, 1786, APPROVING OF DRAFT INSTRUCTIONS TO uOVERNOR CARLETON, OF QUEBEC* At the Court at St. James's, 18th of August, 178G. Present— The King's Most Excellent Majesty, Archbishop of Canterbury, Earl of Ailesbury. Duke of Chandos, Viscount Galwiy, Marquis Ciirmarthen, Lord Sydney, Earl of Salisbury, Mr. Pitt. Whereas, tliere was this day read at the Board a report from the Right Honourable the Lords of the Committee of Council, appointed for the consideration of all matters relating to trade and forei.rn plantations, upon Drafts of General Instructions for the Right Honourable Lord Dorchester, Governor°of the Province of Quebec and of Nova Scotia, with its dependencies, and of New Brunswick, and upon Drafts of Instructions for a due observance of the laws of trade, and likewise upon the Draft of a par- ticular Instruction to the .said Governor, which has become necessary, in regard His Majesty has been 30 pleased to unite the governments of the above provinces in one Governor, and from some particular, circumstances which arise at this juncture in the Province of Quebec, and require distinct instructions His Majesty, taking the said Report and Drafts of Instructions into consideration, was pleased, with the advice of His Privy Council, to approve of the said several drafts of instructions, and to order as it is hereby ordered, that the Right Honourable Lord Sydney, one of His Majesty's principal Secretaries of State, do cause the said drafts of Instructions (which are h'^ieunto annexed) to be prepared for His Majesty's royal signature. [Search has been made "or the particular and distinct Instructions referred to in the above Order but without success.] Official Cor- respoiidonce aj to the proposed iKiuiidarips of Upiwr Can- lula, 1789- 1791: Mr. Gienville to Lord DorchfiHter, 20th October, 178a. OFFICIAL CORRESPONDENCE RELATING TO THE PROPOSED BOUNDARIES OF UPPER ,,, CANADA, 1789-1791.t *" The Right Honourable W. W. Grenville to Governor Lord Dorchester. Whitehall, 20th October, 1789. My Lord,— It having been determined to bring under the consideration of Parliament early in the next Session, the propriety of making further provision for the good government of the Province of Quebec, I enclose to your Lordship the draught of a Bill prepared for this purpose. With respect to the intended Boundaries of the.se Provinces a blank is left in the Bill in order that yo ur Lordship may, with the assistance of the Surveyor General, who is now in Quebta, consider iD VI- o . r»n. * From Privy Council liegiater. _— -_ t fublio Kecora Office— Colonial Correspondence, Canada (Quebec), 1789, No. 42. L 4( v^l-ai.jTJaLM^gnaui n Qg the liigh lioso wliich lown along ue west on said river 1 by water r cominuni- ication into ;tween that I'liillipeaux 10 ication be- iil lake to lississippi ; 2iiturers of •hicli have, he govern- r thereunto lAFT 20 178G. ury. Duke t. e Lords of nd foreiixn rovernor of and upon of a par- has been 30 particular, structions 1, with the jr as it is •etaries of i for His 3ve Order I' UPPER 789. •ly in the ovince of in order consider 40 389 the san.e as is n.entioued to vo r ' I p h L .f,"' '''V^'"" ^'^ -- /l- two Provinces is n.eant to bo aiteraUon s..g ted by yo.^ ....■;tV:^;l^^^^^^ --' -' - tione.1 in the Wy w tTw t toul IX 1 '''I'^f^'^'i^'^^' - the adhering to the" line ,neu- and which the infraction of 'Cw n h '^ f / " "? "' '^"^ '" '''' "^^'"'y'^ P™-"' while on the other hand the iclu in-^I. v T '": '"''^'°"' "'^ ^'^J-^^^^^ '' -'-"■ lO.the Provirce by an Act of^l e B tisSa ^. ''^'.T ""r^' "'''"" '^'' ^^'»'^« '' ^^ established for ment among tlfe in),abi a.t of tt J:;; H f "'^' ^ '''f'' ' considerable degree of resent- detrin.entartoourco,„n.ercialiuteresis ' "' "'°''' '"''"P^' ^''"^"'^'^ ^^^^ to. measures geneSt!^L":,>r..Iil":t:;^;::;;:rr'r'^'' be to describe the Upper District ,y some to the West o; Southwet of the B : w W^^^ '^i ^"'' ^"'■'''^^ ^" "^^ '^^^J-^^.-^ being the present Boundaries of the Gover^T of Zw B^Ji^I^ '''''' ''''' " are included^within I am, etc., W. W. Grenville. .folNT Al'l-KNIilX. Sue. V. Im/iiri(tl Sliitiitm and Ai-t.i uf Stiite hi'driiif/oti thf. (ri'Ktii'H iif the JiiiinHluriet. < >flifiiil f'or- rcs|)i,ni|(.nce IW til till' lirii|inm..(l liimiiiliirips of UppIT Ciiii;uJa,178a- 17yi : Mr. Orrnvllle til I/iird Ddi-. clifsttT, L'Oth < )cti)ber, irs'j. 20 Sir, Lord Dorchester to Mr. Grenville.* Quebec, 8th February, 1790. Lord Dor- clicstortoMr, <;ri'nvilln, Sth I"'ebrnary. 1790. ocour to „e .'„ Ih. „,„L^t ''^^ ^ ' *''""""" ™°'' "'>'«"«««"> » «.• ProponeJ BUI, » mitlejt ';:!.Tw;lr'''' ™'»f*»* ">" =0"e,ro„vinco of Upper Canada, and the Province o Lower Canada, wh.ch Provinces shall be .separated by a partition line of various courses, running due H.'"th from a stone boundary Hxed on the north bank of the Lake Saint Francis in a cove of the Ncr of hamt Lawrence, west of point au P.oudet, in the lin.it between the township of Lancaster and the Se-.nory o New Longueud to the .southernu.ost extent of His Majesty's Dominions, and running u a nor herly direction troni the aforesaid Stone boundary along the western or inland boundary of It sa>d be.gnory ot New Longueuil and of the Seignory of Vaudreuil, according to 10 thur various cour.ses, until it strikes the Uttawas River, thence in a direct line to the near..t point in the centre of the navigable channel of the said river, thence ascending the n ^hfl ^'- "-^^-fWe^ ^.annel „f the said River to the Lake Temi.scan.ing, tlience t! igh he middle of the said Lake to the most northerly extremity thereof, and thence running due • no. h to the Boundary of the Territory granted to the Merchant's Adventurers of England tradFng to Hudsons Lay. Ihe 1 rovince of Upper Canada to comprehen.l all the Territories, Land, and Countries wh.ch are now subject to, or possessed by His Majesty, to the wostwar.l and southwanl of the said pai tition line ; and the Province ot Lower Canada to comprehend all the Territories, Lands, and Countric. V hich are now .subject to, or pos.s^.ssed by His Majesty, to the eastward of the said partition line, and to .southward of the^outhern Boundary of the said Territories g.-anted to the Merchants Adventurers 20 of England trading to Hudson s Bay, being no part of the Government of Newfoundland or any other ot His Majesty s Provinces in North America at the time of passing this Act. Chief .Tustice Smith to Lord l)(ir- cliester, fith February, 1-90. ■^ 30 Chief Justice Smith to Lord Dorchester. ( Enclosed in the above Despatch of Lord Dorchester.) „ , • Quebec, 6th February, 1790. My Lord, •' I .suppo.se it is intended, that Upper and Lower Canada shall divide between them, what remains o hei'^! f i tl>' """, "; T- ""71'" '' ^"''^ ^"'"^' '^"'^ '' "-^^ P'^''^ «f Newfoundland, nor of States ''' ^ ' ^' ^'^'^ ^°' ^ "'"' "* ^■^'^^ ''-'-' "^^'^ ^° "^he United R V. nTt/' Ar ^' ^^'^- lI^'^Tf '! Tt *° ''^'PP ""'■'"^"^^ ^° °"^ ^'^™^ ^g'""'^* Spain, south and west. !;:..< ,""T/'" : U;;^^J «tf '^ >-- no claim; but His Majesty has the double title to be argued from the old grants of the Engli.sh Colonies to the South Sea, and the conquest of New France tTat T"f ; f V ", " '•^'""^' ''™'^* ''' "-''''' °" *^^ ^^^^-""- I'J-- - - -e therefore in thatpai of your Lord.sh.ps description of the new Provinces, which suppases the Province of Quebec to be not the whole, but a Parcel of Canada. Miucoec nf 1 771' 'f "t°.f *^^ ^"^ ^'*"^^, °f ^^'- GrenCille's Bill to repeal the Boundaries in the Quebec Act of 774 wdl make it necessary to adopt the words of that Act, so far a. to give certainty to the limits of Lower Canada on the side of the sea, and Newfoundland. It will be very difficult to frame any clause to continue our dominion over the lines of the late 40 cession, that wil not be complained of by the neighbouring States,and the words proposed of "ube to and possessed by, etc.." will not free the new provinces from an uncertain boundary, embarraS both to their LegLslatures and their Courts. u«,waa.-,iiig nr J!!' '^'T\% ""'" '•*^.'"^i° «f to ^ny territory, of which we have not a Pedis positio. by Fort, Post or settl ment, at the pa,ssing the Act; and supposing that so much southingi to b; our ext nt in the part possessed what shall be the eastern and western breadths /.o™ /e possessed ^otsasTt Oswego, Niagara Detroit, and Point au Fer; which are not to have one line o^ latitude! include whatever is on the north side of that, which shall be most south. ' ^ •* authority 30, and the le Province (H, runiiinj^ !0vc- of the caster and (I running lundary of >nliny to 10 10 ti) tile uling tlie ',, tlience Uling duo trading to Countries f the said Countries line, and venturers 20 my other i 301 rUtrFrr """'"" 1 ^-"--nt, and the Colony Legislatures andTLrt' 1 d,] " ;., a iT ''"^r'"""'"' '"■'"" ""''''^ "'•''''' '^'-" tothe^outh end of Lake Gere .'d Act^-^Pn./' "'T",\- '"I'PT"'""' *'"^^'* '' ^^^^■^'•^"'•i/ to parcel out His Majesty's Dominions by pleasure wdl bo equal to the exigencies of tho day. '' ^ I have the honour to be, my Lord, Your Lordship's most obedient, humble servan'., Kight Hon. Lord Dorchester. „, ' Wm. Smith. Proposed Additional Desckiption of the Boundaries of Upper and Lower Canada. {He/erred to in the above Despatch of Lord Dorchester.) 20 fb. if "'^•*'- ' '"Tm"" °*;,^'^"'^^'^ hereinbefore mentioned shall be deemed and adjudged to include all hall otT"" •"■' ^ r f"""; "^ ''"'"'' '^ '''^ ^""^'^ C™^- before tho conquest. Tmtil H s Ma sty .loINT Al'I'KNDIX, See. V. Iiniwriill Sttittitin iinfl AelK nf SUitr f>*ftri»ii tm the ifiiinlinii „fthr, Jliiuiii/ttritH, C'lii.f-.histicc Smith tci I*'»r(l |)or- i-hi>«tiT, (Itli I''ilMUi»ry, K'.IO. 30 790. i remains id, nor of e United .nd west. ile to be France, re fore in ■ Quebec ibec Act e limits the late 40 ' subject rrassing irt, Post stent in ts, as at include Mb. Grenville to Lord Dorchester,* „ Whitehall, 5th June, 1790. • /;?'' v'"^""' L°''^«^'P''* despatch. No. 15, was not received here till tho 18th of Anril The , session of Parhament was then .so far advanced that it was not thought proper to b in .forwa d at la - W^""" s atcd bj jour Lo rdslnp on the subject were of a nature to require previous consideration and as i ''"'• then appeared ,,robable that I n.ight receive from your Lordship any urther su.^e t ons whioT , 1 30 occur onafuller examination of the plan, and that'lmight perLps'be able toT T^yl ^ ^^t Lordslnps personal assistance in t' course of the summer. ^ ^ 'l.hediscus.sions winch have arisen with Spain, having induced His Majesty to direct me to st.te to your Lordsh.p the necessity of your continuing for the present in Quetec.'and it be "/.ne: ta n vshether even m he supposition of an amicable adjustment of that business, it could l-etc^Wd soon enough to al ow of my transmitting to your Lordship this .season His Majesty's p r issi " ' turn to England, I have thought it right to .state to your lordship in this manLr'oZic.i: h ch lave occurred to me on the subject of your Lordship's despatch above mentioned, and' " .0. Th re wdl corta.nly be cons.derablo dirticulty in any mode of describing the boundaries of Up" Canada, ill -mo procse a,!justmont is made with the United States relative to those noints n wh ch 40 the rr aty of 1 j83 has not been carried into execution by the contracting parties. TI ,u e i now undo,. t,,o consKlerafon of Covernmont, and it is not improbable thatlome person mavb sen from tins coun ry vvi h powe;. to settle those points. But if such settlement shall not hav^e tak n p ac^ previous to tho time of bringing forward the Quebec Bill in tho next session of Parliamint T „ ' clined to believe tho most advisable mode of avoiding the difficulty in qiluon ^iZftl f , • ''" the boundaries to be fixed by His Majesty. This^vould enablo^re^J ^-i ' ,f X^^ which the C ause B inclo.sod in your Lordship's despatch relates. If anv n^Vr mode lu^d t " 1 t he ubject of that clause wi ll be attended to. " " ^ ^^^'^optcd * Colonial Office Record^Book mark^d^' qi^^bec, fronil^idjiTn^riTSTT^nrM^yTngs, v7a^ ^ ■I '*; .TilINT Ari'KNnij;. Sec. V. Iiiiixriiil SliihiliH anil Aelmf Sfiilr lifitriniimt tin wir»titiii fift/ii Soil iidii rim. Mr. (iri'iivillc t(i r,.,r(l O'lrcln'ntcr, fith Juiif, 17'J0. 302 I am, &c., Lord JJorchester. ^- ^- GRknville. lo liDrd (irrn- villc til Li.rd DcircliMatiT, 'th .Miircli, J-Ul. Mr. Lym- hiinicr to Lc:r(i (Jren villf, .'ith April, 17yl, Lord Grenville to Lord Dorchester.' Whitehall, ll.e Province o! Cana,!,. ' "'° ?"!«"»'' '""'»!»" ""'• "•»' =<«i,lit„ti„„ „f I am, etc., Tlie Right Honourable Gbenville. Lord Dorchester. ti.no n,u.t be i„i„,.i„„, t„ t|„ into" ,,Gr »,'«•?, T'"';'''^ '" '™'"'"''"' «»■' "' ■'«">« «al« lo vo„r Lo,-a,W, wirft]tri„„ " ■'°''''''°'''°:' f """""' T'- it i» ..carooly p„«,il,l„ t'o time will U now p , , f "oJ 'Tf ""T? '"l'';™/"'"- I-«"'*iP. "hi* f™. acoidont that..„„ity„n/Lord.,;ip-l cotellt""'""'' '»■"■»"■"-" ««»<' ^o" I-.l»hip any day^ I have the honour to be, ''*''2^o^click.^^^' ^°"' Lordship's most obedient and most humble Servant, The Right Hon. Lord Grenville. "^""^^ Lymburner, ♦Colonial Office Record-Book marked "Quoh.r Z^'o^,^^ ,;<,...„,. TTTTT^Tr t Pubhc R.cord Office-colonial Correspondence; CaLat;Qu:be;i,*i;o;t\8;i:W\:'s7 L'lipeniont of iccordiug to Imorica is a 111! principle of iiiateriul w servants. ;)!).'{ 10 1791. it fjracioua titution of inth ; and l»rin<,' in a )vernnifcnt 20 honour of ILLE. INVIIXK.f Lord.ship jq il)jcct of n before aterially at same ifficulty :sii)le to iccident ^ny flay 40 ER, IMPICUAI. ACT .•„ cm „,, CAP. ,,, „7»,).-TnK COXSTITlr,- \fT. An Act to uki-kal ckktain .-auts c.k an Act passfi. ,v tm. . nm>s. ENT,T..Ki., An Act you mak.nu m o. • J. / ^''^'-'^eknti, vka,. h,,s Majesty (JUVEKNMKNT Ol- TMK SAM. PuoVINCE '" '"^"''' '"'■'"'" ''"•^^■'■'^"••^' ^"" '"'« ;A„rr;i:;::E;;:;:;;:^;;:t:/7V'^ "^:t" "'^ i>-ntM,.t,entit..d cn.e.u„..t,„«,s of the .said Provinee: an. Vh r Tu i f r 'T''''"'^''''^ ^'^ ^''" I'— ^ condition and lOshould now bo n.ude for the goo.l ■., v.l'r, ll ^ ' -f IT'' "T'"'"'^' ^''"^ *""''^'-"- I"'-'!-'" >"ost excellent Majcnty that h nmv V Tr^^ ""'''^ ' "'''y ^ tJns present hulian.ont asscn.bled, and by t Lwitvo;, '''"''"'' f"'' '""'''"'"'• '""' ^ '"~^- '" -y .nanncr relates to ,he appointn.eut of a C^^n i ^ tL f,"""' ? " '•'""'' "'' ^'"' ■^■■'''' ^^^'^ ^ '" to the powers ^^iven by the said Aet to the ai C u 11 IT '''" "^''' ^"''"''" "^ f'!"^''-^. -^ ance.s for the peace, welfar. and ,o..d 'l^ Lt l,? "p'"^'':''" ^^'^''^ ''^' *'''''''' ^'' '^^ Majesty's Uoverno, I^ioutenant-.^ovlrnor::: C Z^^^^^^^ 7:^-;. -\" .^'^ -"--t of lUs ?ame la hereby repealed. "»mnucr inOhief for the tnue buiny, shall be and the 20 -^1.:^":'=^^;^^^^^ s;:;;;:- -x^^,;-^ -^ -sa,e to both ib^ of ...11. the Province of Upper Canada, an,i the Prov" o" f ^ c.n T' T^T'" ''""■''"^•^' *" '^ -"-» afore.sa.I. that there .shall he within each of the s,^ I ' '" '^ '"'''^^^"^ ^>- *'"-' authority an Asscnbly, to be severally con.pos^d a eo^tu:; d 1:17': "-^'"'r''^' '^ '""'•^''^^'^•" ^ '-"->• "-^ >" each of the said Provinces respectively, Ilis'u ^ ' Hi hoi "'"'""" ""'"''"' ''-''''^''' ' ^"^ ^'-^ the continuance of this Act by and with he 1 Iv. *"" successors, shall have power durin-r of such Pawnees respeetiv;i3^ ^■'^^^ti:;^^^^;:!:':^^^^^^ ^--^' -' Ass!:^ laws not bem. repu^nanL to this Aet ; and that all u 1 I'a v " : '"T ''^T''''''"'' ''"""'■"f' ■^"'^•' and A.s.se,ubly of either of the said Provinces respec^t ve Iv ! d ^"'^^TT\ ^'' "'" '-'^-^'-"ve Council succe.ssor,s, or assented to in Hi.s Majesty,s nan^rC e ^ "'u ^ '-'^ "'' '^''^J'""'^^^' ^^'« '^---'■ no shall from tin.e to tin.e appoint to l the Governor or I " 'V]'' '^•'"'^' "'^ ''^^'■'•'^ °'- ^^'^^^^ors, -eh person as His Majest;, His heirs and ^^^ '^^.^r^ I't^r?'"^ '" "'^'' '^^"^■'"'='"- ^ ^'^ government within the same, .shall be, and the san.e ^r IreZ d Z I "T T""-' '' "''""''•^^^■'- ''- the authority of this Act. valid and binding, to all in n ' . 1 , ', "' ^'^ ""'^"^ "*" '^"^' "»'lor "» which the same shall have been so passed ^'"''^^"'"'^ "'^"'''''''' ^^^''i" ^hc Province .Toiirr ."iViK;,/. Artii • bnirti! I'lllKTittl Act, M <<'■'>. m., Ctt|.. 31, U!M. [The other sections omitted as not affecting the question.] 40 CANADA, 1791. lKU\i.\rci!.S OF UPPER AND LOWER (1.) .«. s."'rr„;i'.', """ " "» -'»' "■ """"- - '«™i"-> ^^ .... .■.«. w. „«.. lo„w „, „. . rnnmng aioiig the .said imiiL a ihu direction nf -ai-fK f i • ^ <• , '■-< 'g"^unc of iSow Lonsrueuil ?' ^'^"*>"" of fl.A u„;,] a • • ,. -KT ^ o"- "'^'th thirty-four dof'rees Wosf Kifi,»™ * »"^""> between of the .said Seigneurie of New Longueuil, thence alonrr ihl nn.n V i' ' . ^ westernmost angle Yv\'>^^ and 50 " ' ^'°°S the north-western boundary of the Seigneurie of XmC -*ii|- 894 "^^- I tr k . "";."'*"";":'; "'"' "•'"" ''"' '"-' "f tJ'o sHi.I Luk. l.y a lino .Irawn .1..., ,.orth .1 . 77 7 '"" "^ "'"'"'"■'' "-^y' i"''''""i"n' "II the territory to tl.o w.stwanl and tmfHrinl •^.:Z.,nU Houtl.wanl ..f tl.e naid lino to the utmost ex nt M r" ^'"'V'"-'' "'•y ^" ^"-- ""-^twanl and quettinnuftHt Prririowcl Ilnn of I)iviiii()ii l»'turcn I'plHT iukI lidWlT CllII oUu, i'\n. (2.) Description of the intended Boundary Line between the Provinces of Upper Canada and Lower Canada. 10 Saint k' ""^ ^'^ "' ." T "^"^ '""^''' ^-"""^ " -"^""^ ''"""'''^'•y fi'^^'^l "" the north hank of the lake Sa nt ^ ancs. .„ a cove of the river Saint Lawrence, west of I'ointe-au-Bou.let. in the lindt 'ween M iij 1"' • "V ""' ^' r^'""''"'>- -f New Lon,M,e„ii,to the south.-rn-ost extent of Ilh M,.je ty donn mons. and m a northerly direction fron> the aforesaid stone l,oundarv alon.. the w ster or :nland hounds of the sa d Seigniory of New Lo„,M,euil. and of the Seigniory of Va Zi acl. h o the vanous courses, until it strikes the Ottawa's River; thence in a .iTrectline io^^^i^Zl in the centre of the nav.gahle channel of the said river ; thence, ascending the nu.l lie t^ iL l hannel o the sa.d r.ver, to the Lake Tenuseanun,; thence, through the t.iddle of tl e aid ak ote n^ost noHherlyextrenuty thereof ; and thence, runuiu. ,l,.e nortl, to the boundary of he tc;rUor^^ granted to the Merchants' Adventurers of England trading to Iludsor.s Bay. ^ ^ 20 ''^^ SF^S^Si;i.^Jl. ^^^^^^^-™« ^0 THE PROPOSED BOUND- Official Cor- refliMPiifii'iice and I'.ijHTs rclatiiin til tho pMpiiMeil Biiundarii'sdf UpJUT Canada, 1701 : Mr. Lyiii- burnertiiMr. iJiiiKlod, lat •July, 171)1. Mr. Lvmhuuneu, Aoent in London of the British Inhaditant,s of Quebec to the Richt HONOUHAULE HeNUY DunDAS » ^^t.iib'^, w PHE UIOHT Sir, As you were pleased, when I had tho honour of waiting on you on Wednesdav ]a<.f fn „v. a des.re for son,e infonnation on the articles usually export-.d from the ProW of ), \ 7^T ih ;f;'T;n "V^t^'Ti '"^^"^^-^^'^ ^^•■it'^'"-ei.„t:;:rt^:;r: , Sf^L^i^^ tlieic, I liiK.: tlio hl,oHy „f fiidosmg c..|)ira of Ihc exports of the vcar, 1787 «n,l T7i« . i ■ i i ..ve«a,« v„l,„ti„„ »„icl,I.,„ »e will be („„,„,.'„„ the «™m°" 1^™ y r i,c t™ 1'. ' ,„ ,kcw.»e mclo»c two papo,, coneen.i,,,, tho sc,K.,.l „llni,» of the IV„vi„ee for your o.,",™™, a,,. " Lz' """ '"'""""' ""' '""""" °' "■"""• °" y" "«' "«"■ "■ -veoii;;ro„ c I have the honour to be with respect, Sir, No. 1.57. Fenchureh Street '^"" ""' ''^'""' "'^ """' ^"f ^ 'T'^'' 1st July 1791. ' ^^^^ Lymburnkr. The Right Honourable Henry Dundaa. (Enclosure in the foregoing Letter) Boundary Line of the Two Provinces of Upper Canada and Lower Canada All the lands within His Majesty's Dominions to the South of the river St. Lawrence or Catara qu. tobew,tlun the Province of Lower Canada. And the divi,sion of the two prrnce on the" north sue of the .said nver to begin from a stone boundary fixed on the north bank ot' he Lake t £i^is^in^eo^fJheJliver_St^L^ we.st of Point Baudet in tteLi^ ♦ Puhlic Record Office-Colonial CorreBpondence, Canada ^Qu^^i7 "f ;* "" ^"••""'■^'•'""•^^■^ ""til it strikes the Ottawa Kivr, th.neo in a direct Irilali "el r;': %"/'"•'."•'''"''•' "^"""^'' "^ ^'"•^'"'' '^'^•^•'- ^''-'- '-ending thenuddle..f the sanl Lake Nprnsingo the middle «f the navigable.,, , uelat the head of the Uiv.r de.s Fn.n,ois thenee 10:j^n;S:ofU:s:i:LZn :;;:," ''- """"^^^ ^"""'"^" -ndaryon.. M^estysdon.ini in l»id hi /"p"?.'"'''^ ] ^'T ■ " ''"^■''^^'"" '" the boundary Mm., between the two provinces from that oft .,;!•,' t''"?-"' '■'"■ "'" ^■'"''" *■■"•'" ^^■'"' ""• •'"^^■""''"' i" t'"' ""^thern and western parts !l„ ? J''''ton-s ,s carried on from Montr..al. ami, a,s far as I can judge of fut>:ritv. .nust oontmue to be carried on from thence. If the boundary line is carried up as "it stands at present to nlf fll ''"'r"''^''T''':' ""l"""'"""t^ nuiy be thrown in the way of the tra-le by the Govern- mtnt of Upper Canada, which maybe extr.n.ely injurious to it without benefiting the.u ■ in ease of murder or other cnmes being committed in the Indian countries, the tra.lers must bring the culprits to Montreal ; but as the line now stand.s these people could not be tried at that place ; but must bo Bent to Detroit tor that purpose, which i,s nearly (JOO ndlcs distance, and wh.n delivered there the 20 cunnnal courts of that Province will not have the power to s,.nun.,n an.l conunand the att.-ndanee of he neeessary witnesses tnm, Montreal. In cases of account or debt the same ditF.cultie.s will arise J do not desire to deprive the Upper Province f any lands or .ountries which can be suppo,sed advantageous or prohtable to their province; but the land to the north of Lake Nipissing. Hiviero thii |ipii«iiM>tl iHiiiniliiHrri ii( l'|i|"T Can- "iIh, irtU : Mr, [,yrn- tMiriLrTtnMr. DiindiiH, iHt .Inly, 171)1. to exprcsa bee, for the they send to which J trutli. I 30 ration, and ; on these RNKU. 40 or Catara- es on the Lake St. the limit (Enclomre in the foregoing letter.) Observations on MATTEn.s Relating to the two new PnoviNCEs. PrJlll TT\^ ^'if *''' prerogative may, by the Act of the Uth of His Majesty, separate from the Province of Quebec those countries or territories which were annexed by that Act to the Province during pleasure. It must at the same time be granted that the prerogative i., not authorized by that Act to a//.,., change, or dundc the Province of Quebec, properh; so atUed. His Majestv, in his me.s.-aoo o Parliament, says that it was his intention (/.,■. desire) to divide the Province of Quebec whem ver His Maje.s y shall be enabled by Act of Parliament ; and the whole of the Act of this year pror.eeds upon the Idea that the Province of Quebec actually would he divided. But Parliament has not in any part of the new Act given His Majesty any power to divide the Province or to alter it in any manner or to change the name of the Province of Quebec. The Province of Quebec was clearly established and fully recognized by tlie Act of the Uth of His Majesty to be, and consist of, all the lands, countries, and territories comprehended within the ^^ hues or bounds marked out and .lescribed by the Royal Proclamation of the 7th October. 170;?-those countries or lands which were joined to it by the Act of the 14th of His Majesty were not blended with the Province of Quebec and made an absolute constituent part thereof-hxii were only to remain annexed thereto, or dependent thereon, so long as it pleased His Majesty, for a month or a year, in short during His Majesty s pleasure, that union thereof could only be considered as a temporary expedient until It was convenient to Government to provide a proper establishment for those countries so annexed. Parliament has by the new Act arranged two Legislatures, and enacted other regulations for two Provinces, which are intended by the Act to bo formed out of the Province of Quebec, and are in be called tlie Province of Upper Canada an'- ti>o iK.un.i;;ies .hich wore Jescribod by the prooh.nat of 7 ' ' . '" '. . "''''^'' '""'■ "'" '"""""'^ri''^ ^ therein pa.tieuIaHv n.' t^rr T J ' 'rl:^!^"^"'^':' ^7 ^'''^ ^''^."^ .774. wore for a IVov iiico so !hed. £S:ni therein rar.e,..a;,;-;^;;i- zr^* ;: J;"b;:";irz:;' ti' '"' ^"-1 ['''• '''-'' '" '^ '--'-' i;PiHr Can- doscriho.I, aiul SO 1 oun,lo,l an,I ,..,n,. ,. • T^ """"^ '' ^"'^''' '"'''''>' ^''e province s '"" '■"•"• By the first elau«e o A of \ ■ : J ™^^ ^"^^Ti ^\''l ^^ -'-■^"■''"^'' -" J/«.ui./.d expre.slv repealed or destroyed If H V . ' '''"'""^ ''..Mslature of the Province of Quebec is Ot provided by the Act can bo a 'Hrd'h "'"'''; '' "''" ''^"'"''"■''' ""'•'^■'^' "^^ ^'^ -S'-'-^tions Canada, or^f ,_ Canadri^'a^:: ::;x:;x-2/':;\j^z^:: rr- -^ ^-^ N..W it is b-y the firlu 1 o " f" Tri" T*""', '^"' '''' '^''^"'^^ ''^ "^''^^ *''° ^'^ "^ ^he Act. were fully established and reeor, I, ,, ' '"■'' '"'""''"' "nrepealed, that certain countries considered ne . a J to ns T^ " ne^ a' """ '^^ ^ ''""'"^^ "' ^^"^'''^''=' '^ therefore it was of the civil constituLn f h Pro in ! tharirt^r^r M "' -^ W "^"' "^ '^^^^">- '^ '^''^^^ "^ ^'^ ^-'" OP i*'""t ...ore. /,„-^.,/.7y to destroy oamiiLt P^^'"* ^'.^'slature, .t nn>st surely require as nu.ch. ^^ from the Act, that boU, Urno CWa a ' r V \" ?"""'''' '^' ^''^ '^'^"'^ *'"'«' ^' ^^ ^^'^^nt of the present ProvincVof Q ^berf^ it w s^Itl " ' V ""f'^' "^ '^' '"^'""' °'P^^* ^ P"*^ divided, that the establishn oXf; heJ ,w "'PP"^'*'°" ^'^^^^ the Province of Quebec was to be .ue.c .nnot bo divided n:!^:^ XX:zr;-:::::-::z .;;r::^:^::-- -' iJvT^c^'z::l:::XiZ ;;;:?•' Y ''- -t ti '- ''- -^^ p---« -^'^'' -^ ^^ be caned thefeto by the Act o m7tt^\^ Z^ T ''X'!''-"''' '"■ Q^'-' -^-'' -re annexed Act. Th;y do not fonn a^^y p i^"o ho p'' ' ' ^ l^"?'^' ^'""' ^'"'"*"'-'^ '''' ""^ '"^'"^'""^^ i" the subject tofts governn t w diror ? T'i ,?"'f "" *'"^' "^'" ""'^ '"^"^'^^^ to it and made province is clearly to be formed out of fb. IV "'' V "") "Wij"^'^^ t" tho.e oountnes, for that now regulations enactfd for the Pro i . W cZ la ^" T/ '"'" Tf^ """" ^^^ ''«'-^'''^'- ^^ called the Province of Quebec. C::^^:.^:::^^::^'': 1 '•' "'''''''^'' "°^^' '''-"^'^"-'^ away and the countries which now forn the P vin Vn u '-^''^'''^''^ ■'"■""■^''''^"-""% taken intentions, as expressed in the rovJn si f " "^« "^ Quebec are legally divided, His Majesty's of the new Act. lill not e r i^.^^^^^t^ X^^^^^ ""' ^ '''' "" '•"^••^""" '" ^''" --^"•''■'a-e Cana.la which His Majesty propo d t f - " ♦ h" p" " •" T"""'"^ "^ ^- ''P^'^ ^''^"'''''^ «"'' '— tures and regulations .i.a tei i e A / , " ^ ■""''''' "^ '•^""^^°' '^"'' f"'' -''''^'' ^'- 'egisla- The whole o"f that coun ry mu t t ion f , '' ''"'"' '■?■ "f'"t'' ""'""' "^"^ '"""^''^^^ "'*« ^-^t^nce. sequence of the resorvati m ZVl^ nrTZuA " T 1 " ^""""' "'^ '^'^J^'^^>' "->'' ^ -- countries which by that Act wc. ci i L ly i TM" P '"''' ' r""'' ""• ^'^^ '''''''' "^ *''"- OS or { are to extend er is given to y imjilicatwv, y or aniuilled, I the existence supposed that iidaricH which >r a Province e province so cxtin(juulied, of Quebec is Of ce ol" Quebec, regulations unc of Upper which estab- d of the Act. ain countries re I'd re it was t of the form lire as much, t is evident )art or parts cc was to be Province of ice. to be called ere annexed ioned in the it and made •e and regu- or that new islature and )w properly iKilhj taken is Majesty's eond clause and Lower the legisla- ' existence. OS OS lay, in con- q^ "■■ of those e countries itended liy 3 intended ' n 397 r^.», „.,. u„„ „,„„, ,„ ,,. „„ „„^„.,,, „„„,,. ,.,_ ^^^^^^^^ ^^^^^^ ^^^2, „„, ^^'"'TKHALL, 17th August, 1791. I^Oni) PltKSIDKNT, •ToiNT AprKNr)ix. «!•<.. V. 1... r • ■" ^""' -'lugusi,, l/'Jl. Imr'rUil MV /jOHI), — An Act hflvinrr ,^n 7 • ii ■ ■'^'"fm-f and certain parts of an Act passe.rh.TFril,?f?' ^"'''" "^ Parliament entitled "An Act to repeal ''--'«" -ki,jgn..ee«ectualj!rovisio:f:r ,''^ t:;!^::;.:" T ""^^^'^ ««'."• i-tituled 1^;:'^ S^^:^" ^o ...ake further Pr.nision tor the Govern me, t : ' P '" ''"^ °*' '^''''''"^ '" ^-•^'' A.nerica. and oHi,..ww. flection off lin ...oi. I A.i ,1 , ■ '"^"^ "t I'f'e said I'rovinei' ' !in,l t 1.,.; _■, ,, . r,»i,„n,i..^ — to n.ake further Pnn- s n ^'"vernn,ent of the 1 o „,. „^, 'Msion lor tlie Uovernment of thp oni.i p. • .. ." " "' ""'^" "'uenca, ami "nnnicni ^ ction of the said Act, that by reason of tl,e li tant ^ t b '''rP ""' '' '"■'"" '"•"^•'''^'' ''>• ^''^ *«th ^iT.'-'r the change to be made by this A. t in ,1^.0' ,'''''' ^'"'''"^'«' f*-"'" this country and of ','"1- '-1 be some into.-v,! :... , , -\"' """ Government thereof: it n,.ov 1,„ ....„ ., . '' -^' ""'' '^^ ' '"'.'"l^H, 10 the change to bj'ma:, ',; L^A^t' U. ^'"^^""^^ r, ^"" -"' ^-^'"^ ^^ ^ if;!" ?!-^" ^e «ome interval or tinie^etwee.; h'no m^Z^'^;^ ':7f ^ I' '"^^ '"^ ""~^ ^^^^ ^■•- ^ "^ ^ > "J-"^ day of Its conunencen.ent within the ,Zv '^ *" ^'" ■'^^'•' Provinces respectivelv .,nd t],e ^'"■•■'""■'■'*1 Majesty with the advice of lU^:; S n^l^ l^' n"rr*?"'^' '' ''^" ''"^ ""^^ ''' '-•''^ '^^ '^ Governor of the Province of Quebee,'or tip tt^ ':,:^; 'r'"'''' Z *'-'^^'-'- ^l- Governor or Li,.„t- are the ,,y „f the connnencement of the s^^^^d A ^ "';;'^ ^''? ^^^'-'^--^ there, to ti.. and .ic- that such -lay shall not be later than the ^irtDltd.;: i^' V'" "" ^"^'"''^^ '•^'^^-^'-'>^ P'-'ided to.etl j::;n t^- ^;;:^^^ ^ His M^e^ty. command, a printed copy „f .He said Act «cnb,„g the line proposed to I. !,..;.: epfrat 1,7*^ T"""^ ^^l'^ ^'^■^•^'"" '•^' ^"^^ ■^'-' ^et, de- 20 r.,wer Canada ; and I am to desire that v , n r T' '"'" ''^ ^^'^P*^'' ^^^^"'^"''^ a.id Province of Majesty in Council, for His Royal contra in wit T " 'l "^""^' *'^ ''^^ ^'^ ■^-^ '-f'- I -— - - - Act, as well as t.X^Srf t^^^ P^ • i'^!;:- ^ ^^^ ^ -« 1 have, etc., _ IIk-vuv DrxDAs. (Enclosure in (he precedinr, letter.) THE rUOPOSED LINE OF Dl'vFSION IMPERIAL ORDER IN cnwcr ' ^^""J«^ one of " ■printed copy of an Actpas.sed in the l^TilfJ 'f p'"' • P'-«-'l^'"t of the Council, transmitting a ___>arts of^n ^ , 1-ed in the fourteenth tar'; H^M^^^^^^^^^^ ^''''''^' .^^^ ^^' '« repeal cert.^in na woat Indio., Orders in Council 1729 to 1792, No. 119." 398 iTdlNT Ari'KNiiix. SfC. V. Imperial StiitiitfH and Act.i )/»i(f hrarintf ini the (fittHtiun of the JJoiitidarhs. Official Ci>rr('spnn(i- piici' ami ruiHTs nil the prciposi'd i»i'Utni:irit*8 of I'l'I'IT Caiiiiila. Imixrial Onli'i'-iii- Cnuiicil, '2\t\i AuKust, 17U1. " more effectual provision for the Govornment of the Provinco of QueLec, in North Aiueiica, ami to " make further provision for the Govermneiit of the said Province; And also copy of a Paper* "presented to Parliament previous to the passing of the said Act, describing tlie line jii'oposed to bo "drawn for dividing the Province of Quebec into two separate Provinces, agreeable to your " Majesty's Royal intention, signified by Message to both Houses of Parliament, to be <^alled the " Province of Upper Canada and tlie Province of Lower Canada ; and stating that by Section 48 of " said Act, it is provided that by reason of the distance of the said Provinces from this C(juntry,and of "the change to be marivy "„«ncil Office, Lu.idun.] At the Court at St. James's, the 24th of August, iJDl. Present : The Kino's Most Exckli.knt Majesty. •ToiNT Al'l'KNDIX. Sec. V. Imperial iSlaliiles and A cts of Ntate bcarinij nn the qnc.itiiin of the Boundaries. Lord Cliamberlain, Loid Frederick Campbell, Lord Grenville. Lord Dover, Mr. Secretary Dundas, Mr. Chancelfor of the Exchequer. 10 in.Jz^::z ;;;: ci ;; -ii^'Ttlt^^fr^rt- ;'; ^--^''^-^-^ -'-^ ic],,. of ..s Majesty's principal Secretarie S^^te o tL L ,1 L if , r.V "^"''^' '''"'"'''' °"^ °^ ^'-- copy of an Act passed iu the l.sL s^s^ on , f P r ^/^'^'^'^f "* ^^'^ ^"""'^'L transmitting a printed •tt passed in the f in y:^7l^TT'''''''^''^ ' An Act to repeal certain .arts of an ' effectual provision for the golfn^^nt of L^-'''^ Tn ?'"•'"'' ^" ^'^ '"' '"'-^^'"^ ">«'« ' further plovision for the gov^rnt of the a d pi °^ '^"'^'^^•" ^^°^*'' An.crica, and to n.ake Pau.a,nent previous to tl,: p . if the s^Ta! d ""V" ""' / 'r '"'' ""' ' ^''''' '^'^'^^'^'^ ^« dividing the Province of Quebec Into Z f ' ^^^^cnbrng the hne proposed to be drawn for 20 intention, signitied T^ L;^" t!> bot,. H ''^^f'jr' '"'''' "^""'^^''^ *° ^^"^ ^^'-^J-ty's royal c^adaand theProvL:rr.v" c:li^:rslm;tr^^ Hr^:^;": '-7t:' ^"^- vided, that by reason of the distance of th^ .ni i P • 7 ^ , *''" ''"''^^ Act, it is pro- .aae ., .wL,, A,, i,. >ct^:^>^::^,^^^:^z2:i vr """"^'° '' '" of time between the notitlcation of the s.id Ao t . ,) "*: "cces.sa.y that theie .sliould be some interval commencen>ent within the saiTprov h ces tf. V "f """?' '•''^'"'''^''-'^y' -^ the day of its with the advice of your Pr vy i u c to fix a 1'^ ', " f '' ' """ "" '''''''' '''' ^-■•' ^^^y-ty- Governor of the Pnn-ince of 0^ o.tt , 1 T'"' " '"'''T"'' "" "°^"""' '' J^-tenanl declare the day of the oonunenS:!:' Jt^^^ A:t tlZ Ur^.i^p'^-^'""^'^^ '''''• ^" '^ ^^ that such day shall not be later than the 3 s t f Dece b r 1701 T "^'r '"^r^'^-'-''^'' I'^vided 30 obedience to Your Majesty's said Order of Pf ■^'''' "^ '' ^'^ = ^'"^ L»''ds of the Committee, in tion. together with tliL ^^ 7\^Ll^;^'-^:J!Tt Un '''' '^"^' ''1 t^^ ^'^-^^'- de.s.:r-ibing the line proposed to be dravvn for. o,l v., /• ^ '''"^ '°P^' °^ ^'"^ '^''^ P'^Per of Lowe^Canada ; 'and their lit li",^^ ''" ^Tl"';^ ^'"I-^' ^-ada and the Province Majesty, that it n>ay be advisab fo W Ma e tv K ° n"i '• 'V''' '' ^'"'^ "^I""'"" '^ ^our Qtzebec into two di.siinct proving by sev.Sw^ ^"'^Orderm Council to divide the Province of Lower Canada, according to Ih "id linSdi?' TT "\ ^^P"' ^"^^^'^ ^"'^ *''« ^--"ee of unto anne.ra ': And th'e Lo t Colmi tri^fZ, 7 " "'' l''""''' ^"^^ "^^'■^"■'•^' ^^ ^-- • Your Majesty, bv warrant under you; Ro ^ IS ^ Z^Z lalo^^l^ '' ""^ '^ ^'^'^'^^'^ '^' Governor of the Province of Quebec or the ne son n ^ w ? ^°'''™°'' °'' I^ieutenant- 40 declan. such day for the comn,encemcntT.f l^a^^^^^^ adm.nistenng the government there, to fix and of Upper and Lower Cana.la ." c vl a t . K v f ^'' "^'"'^ *'" '"'' ^^^ I'---- of Quebec, or the person adn.inis e ."the ^o^ern 1? r"'"," "^^ '''' P--<=« such day shall no^ be later than ^i.:^:^^;^^:!^:;. t^]^^^ t^'' '''"'''' '''' the Signeurie of New Lon-naM. 1 'IrJalt /l ' /^ Lancaster and Imperial OnU'r-in- C'dnncil, 24th Aiife'uat, 17'Jl. *&' 400 i;! I Joint AlTKNniX. said Lake by a line drawn due north until it strikes the boundary line of Hudson's Bay, including all the tc.ritory to the westward and southward of the said line to the utmost extent of the country com- moriy called or known by the name of Canada." His Majesty this day took the said report into His royal consideration and approving of what is th( rein piopost'd, is pleased, by and with the advice of His Privy Council, to order, as it is hereby ered, tiiat tlie Province of Quebec be divided into two distinct provinces, to be called the Province Sec. V. Imprrinl !Statutf:i iiutl Acta (if Stiitr bfarhtij i>n the iliifdinn i,f the „- If; BiJUnilaricK. "''-'t'"^^'> """>' ""^ aiuviuuc ui v^jiiL-UL-i; uu UIVIUUU iniO IWO OlSUnct pr linperi,J °^ ^I'P'''' ^'^"'^^'a, and the Province of Lower Canada, by separating the said two provinces, according OrcWrin- to the followiuji; line of division, viz. : e.miicil, 24tli • August, 17U1. " To commence at a stone boundary on the north bank of the Lake St. Francis, at the cove west " of Poiiile au Boudet, in the limit between the Township of Lancaster and the Seigneurie of New 10 " Longueuil, running along the said limit in the direction of north thirty-four degrees ; West to the " westenuost angle of tlie said Seigneurie of New Longueuil, thence along the nortli-western boundary " of llie Seigneurie of Vaudreuii, running north twenty-five degrees, Ea.st until it strikes tlie Ottawas " River, to ascend the said River into the Lake Tomiscanning, and from tlie head of the said Lake, by " a line drawn due nortli until it strikes the boundary Hue of Hudson's Bay, indudimj all the territory " to the westward and southward of the said line, to the utmost extent of the country commonly " called or known by the name of Canada." Whereof the Governor, Lieutenant-Governor, or Commander-in-Chief of the Province of Quebec and all otlier His Majesty's officers in the said Provinces, and all whom it may concern, are to take notice and yield due obedience to His Majesty's pleasure, hereby signified. BOUNDARY DESCRIPTION IN IMPERIAL COMMISSION TO GOVERNOR-GENERAL LORD DORCHESTER, 1791. Imperial Guy, Loud Borcrestkr,— Captain-General and Govemor-in-Chief of the Provinces of Upper Canada and Lower Canada. 12x11 September, 1791. Greeting : '^^'"'•'l^EAS, We did by Our letters Patent, under Our Great Seal of Great Britain, bearing date the til wiriw- *^^"^*-^"'*'^'^°"'^ '^^y °^ April, in the twenty-sixth year of Our reign, constitute and appoint °you Guy, ch,.8Ur, 1791. Lord Dorchester [tlen Sir Guy Caiieton], to be our Captain-General and Governor-in-Ciiiof in and over Our Province of Quebec in America, comprehending all Our Territories, Islands, and Countries in 30 North America, then boundeo a.s in Our said recited Letters Patent was mentioned and expressed. Now Know Ye, that we have revoked, determined, and by these presents do revoke and determine the said recited Letters Patent, and every clause, article or thing therein contained. And Whereas, we have thought fit by Our order, made in Our Privy Council on the nineteenth day of August, one thousand seven hundred and ninety-one, to divide Our said Province of Quebec into two s«>parate Provinces, to bo called the Province of Upper Canada and the Province of Lower Canada, by a line to connnence at a stone boundry on the north Bank of the Lake St. Francis at the Cove west of the Pointe au Boudet, in the limit between the Township of Lancaster and the Seigneurie of New Longueuil, running along the said limit in tlie direction of North thirty-four degrees West to the we.stermost angle of the said Seigneurie of New Longueuil ; thence along the north-western boundary -^ of the Seigneurie of Vaudreuii, running North twenty-five degrees East, until it strikes the Ottawas River, to ascend the said river into the Lake Tommiscanning, and from the head of the .said lake by a line drawn due north until it strikes the boundary line of Hudson's Bay ; the Province of Upper Canada to comprehend all such lands, territories and islands, lying to the westward of said line of division, as were part of Our said Province of Quebec, and the Province of Lower Canada to compre- hend all such lands, territories and islands lying to the eastward of the said line of division, as were part of Our said Province of Quebec. including all country com* ng of what is 1 it is hereby the Province ces, according the cove west urie of New 10 West to tlie em boundary I tlie Ottawas mid Lake, by the territory ry commonly :e of Quebec a, are to take 20 ENERAL oper Canada •ing date the tit you Guy, ^ in and over Countries in 30 pressed. id determine aeteenth day Quebec into wer Canadai e Cove west irie of New iVest to the rn boundary ^q ho. Ottawaa id lake by a :e of Upper said line of I. to compre- ion, aa were 401 "^r^;^:7^Z^^^Z ^:rT.r;l^Z "^'=-- ^-"^-^^^ -^^ ^ct to repeal " ' n.aking more effectual provision fb the Govern ^ I . n" ^"^'''^' ^"^'"' '""^"'^ ^ ' ^" ^^^ for •■further provision for the Govilnt of ti?eLnr ^f^?' ^" "'"'''^ ^'"''"^ ^^^ *« -^ke .ood^government and prosperity :r^:i:^C:::7;},:T^ CTcaiir "^ ^"^ '^ ''- motion, have thought fit to constitute and 1; ? Tu ^''"''' ''"'''''' knowledge, and mere Captain-General and Governor rCie^ofS^,r"-Tp ^°"' *^'/"' ^"^' ^"^"^ Dorchester, to be our 10 vinee of Lower Canada. respectiv"ely!':;nna^"X^^^^^^^^ "^ «- ^^^ P^'O" PROCLAMATION OF LIEUTENANT-GOVERNOR ALURED CLARKE 17oi DeCLAHING WHENThg CoNSTITimnvAi A n^ »-i^Ait,lVli, i/Jl, OONSTITUTIOXAL ACT SHALL HAVE EFFECT IN THE PbOVINCES OF UpPER AND Joint Appendix. Sec. V. Imperial Statutet and Acts of State bearing on the question of the Boundariet Im|)eriiil Commission to Lord Dor- chester, 1781. Alured Clarke: Lower Canada. To aU our loving .ubjecte whom th«e present, may eoncem, greeting • c„„„ei,!''.x,r„\;;r„u;r'^i:.Y,rt:':Lrrtlr:4 -- -- —- 20 mto two distinct Provinces to bo p.11p,1 t V '^ *''''' ^"'^ Province of Quebec should be divided "fLieut-Gov. Canada, by separatingT sltt'Sovteef aT^^^^^ IT H^ '^r' '^' ''-'-^ '' ^"^^ ^' -• commence at a stone boundary on the north rjnk of the Lk t P ""° ^T '^ ^^'^"""' "''' =-" ^o Boudet, in the limit between the Townsh Af T . h . '■^'''''' ^^ "'"^ ^"^^ ^^^^ «f ^ointe au along said li,nit in the directi^.n of 2 h'th rt Z 7 the Seigneurie of New Longueuil, running said Seigneurio of New Lon..,euil t enc, awl / '^'^'Z" ^"' '" ""^ ^'^'^^^^^.t angle of th! Vaudreuil, running north twent^X; .^es E ft tti?! tT'^r. ' n"'^^^ °' '''' ^^'^^'-'™ «' said river into the Lake Tomlseannin. and f om the 7\ ''/X .f' ^"^-as River to ascend the until it strikes the boundary line of the HudsZ' l! , r 7\ ^'^' ^^ " ''"'^ '"''^'^ ^^^ "^^^^ ^^rJ:i:::s^[:;:^^t L^tr ;:::::; ^.fn^^r ^--^- -- -- to repe. making more effectual provision for the Govern ? p f , n "'''^^ ' '"°°' "^^'t'^tl^'^. ' An Act for to make further provision for tL Gotrn^n oT "'.^P ""-^ °'.^"^''^^' ^"^ ^"^^'^ ^"-"-' -^ ^•^'^^^ °f "- Government thereof, it may be e ess, v <^at H ,' "^tT '' ^' "^'^'^ '^^ ^^^ ^'^'^ ^^^^ ^^^ «- notification of the said Act to le rcfprn ' "^•'^ ^ '°™' ^"*<^^"^^ "^ *""« between the within the said Provinces rlpectv^; an tuf:^ TuT^' T^ ^'^ ^^'^^ "' '^^ commencement Privy Council, to fix and declare or to 'utwi. 1 \^ ^' ^"^^"^ ^"' "^' ^^^^ ^^"^ ^'l^ic^ of our 40of Quebec, or the person admi:ii;; ; ^^^^^^^ mencement of the said Act withiu the said p^^'""""""^ ^^^'"j *° ^^ ^°d declare the day of the com- be later than the thirty-firsrdly of Deeeiw ''^^•'"'7''^' ^''''"^'^ '''''' ^^^ ^^y ^^all not whereas, in pursuance o the aWAct w h ', ""'i ^^rf"^ '''''' ^""^^^'^'^ '^"'^ ninety-one. And the twenty-Lrth day o A^^l l";':!!/'""^^'^ ^'^y ^^^^^^ ^rder in Council, bearing date Governor, or the person adni"; stlrD the C ' "T ?"'""°''' ''' ^" '^^^ '^^«'^°««' our Lieut^nant- dec!ar..uehday a^-oshlld ut^^^^^^^^ our .aid Province of Quebec, to fix and Province of Upper Canada and the Pole 7^-- "^ '''" '"'"' ^'' "^'"'^ *^* 51 '^'°'''°°'' °^ ^«^«*' Canada respectively, and to that effect have, by ii Joint appk.viiix. Sec. V. Imprrial Statutrs and ArtK of State hearing on th quention nfth lioumtarici. rroolanirvticiii of Limit.- (iiiv. Alurfid Clarke, 1791 402 our warrant to our right trusty and well-beloved Guy, Lord Dorchester, Captain-General and Governor- iii-Chu'r in and over our said Province of Quebec, or in his absence, to our Lieutenant-Governor or Conimundor-in-Ciiief of our said Province for the time being, under our signet and Royal sign-manual, bearing date at St. James's, the twelfth day of September last, signified our will and pleasure that le he take the necessary measures accordingly. Know ye, therefore, that our trusty and well-belovod Alured Clarke, Esquire, our Lieutenant- Governor of our said Province of Quebec, in the abse ice of our said Governor thereof, hath judged it most advisable to fix upon Monday, the twenty-sixth day of December next, for the commencement of the said Act within the Provinces aforesaid respectively ; and it is accordingly hereby declared that the saiil Act of Parliament, intituled " An Act to repeal certain parts of an Act passed in the fourteenth 10 year of His Majesty's reign, intituled ' An Act for making more effectual provision for the Government of the Province of Quebec in North America, and to make further provision for the Government of the said Province,' " shall commence within the said Provinces of Upper Canada and Lower Canada respectively, on Monday, the said twenty-sixth day of December, in this i)resent year one thousand seven hundred and ninety-one. of which all our loving subjects, and all others concerned, are to take notice and govern themselves accordingly. In testimony whereof we have caused these our Letters to be made Patent, and the Great Seal of our said Province of Quebec to be hereunto affixed. Witness, our trusty and well-beloved Alured Clarke Esquire, our Lieutenant Governor and Commander-in-Chief of our said Province of Quebec, Major- General commanding our forces in North America, &c., &c., at our castle of St. Lewis in the City of 20 Quebec, this eighteentli day of November in the year of our Lord one thousand seven hundred and ninety-one, and in the thirty-second yeai ,f our reign. Hugh Finlay, j^ q Acting Secretary. OFFICIAL CORRESPONDENCE RESPECTING THE DIFFERENCE IN THE DESCRIPTION OF THE BOUNDARIES, AS CONTAINED IN LORD DORCHESTER'S COMMISSION AND THE ORDER IN COUNCIL ESTABLISHING THE PFOVINCES, 1791-2 Lieut. Oov. Clark." t.i Mr l)iirHlae, iBt December, irui. Lieutenant-Governor Alured Clarke to the Right Honourable Henry Dundas.* t^''- 12] Quebec, 1st December, 1791 Sir,— Herewith you will receive duplicate of my letter (No. 11) of the 23rd ult., inclosing a copy 30 of a proclamation Lssued for dividing the Province of Quebec into two distinct provinces, and fixing and declaring the day of the commencment of the Act passed in the last Session of Parliament relative to this Country. Although I have every reason to believe it has not escaped the observation of His Majesty's Ministers, I think it my duty to remark to you. Sir, that the terms in Lord Dorchester's Commission describing the boundaries of Upper and Lower Canada are not the same as those used in the Order in Council of the 24th August. I have the honor to be with great respect, Sir, Your most obedient and most faithful, humble servant, „,. ^. , -r, \^ Alured Clarke. 40 The Right Hon. Henry Dundas. Mr. Dundas to Lieutenant- Governor Clarke.* [Extracf] Whitehall, lOth April, 1792. Mr. Dnndaa Lieutenant-Qovemor Clarke, GV^ciarkc, Sir,— I have received your letters No. 9 and from No. 12 to 20 inclusive and have had the honour mk'^''"'' of ^ayi"S tliem before His Majesty. Publio Record Office— Colonial Correspondence, Lower Ckoftda, 1791-1792. Vol. 18. 403 what is explanatory it does not Iconnl'i ^T I " '*"""' ^''^ ^' ^^' cUfrerence lies only in ^"'"'''"" perfectly iLaterill ' "'"'' '™"'"' "' ^» ^« * --^'-^ "^^'-^^^ «--• and is therefore «- v. fHatutcn and Acta of State. licariiiij nn tin i/uealiun- C...0. .„, ,„„,,„„, I am, etc. Henry Dundas. PROCLAMATION OF UEUTENANT-OOVERNOK SIMCOE, DIVIDINO UPPER CANADA J. GRAVES SiMCOE. ^^ ^UNTIES, 1792. divided into the two Provinces of TTnr,„r no„„ i i r A rrovinco ot Quebec is become of Li,nt.. the said Province of UppI Canal w'weT^r "^ "[ ^'""''' '^'^' °"^ ^ioutenant-Governor of ^^ «""-. trusty and well-belovei Guy Lord '^1^. T^- T''^' '' ""'^""'"^ '" '^"^ ^'^^'^'^'^ -^^ ""^ ri^ht vince of Upper Canada to diVfdelher.^p"' ^^'^f^'"" ^^^^^ -"^ Governor-in-Chicf of our said Pro- 20 towns and'LnXs f- th Pu nt:^ ° ^^P^^ ^-^^^ -^^ ^-t"et.s, counties, circles or declareandappoint'hrnunb' S J'^^^^^^^^^^ '' ?^ ^^^ ^^<^ "^ Parliament, and to the said Province. representatives to be chosen by each to serve in the Assembly of Govefnrof^:;:'::^f;:;;';^\:;;^^^ by this Our Proclamation .thdivrthe'afd plovterf"n 'p "^^ Governor-in-Chief, hath and doth appoint and declare the number of 1 !T of Upper Canada into counties, and hath and li.nitecl,'named, decla d and appoirt.^ • iTirf"" V\Z 'f '^^^'^ "^^ ^'^^"^ '' ^^ ^ h^--^- after called by the name'of th^countv of ClL "'\^ ?'* '^' '^''' '^ '^"^ ''^'^ '^""""'^^ ^e herein- lines that divMe Upper from Wcl'-^^^^ ^^^^ '^"'-"^ '' '-' '""'"' " ^'^ '"' '^ ''' 30 the easternmost boundary o" th late townsiun ^C ^^ "'" ^'' '^""•""•'^' '''"'' "^"^'-'>^ ^y until it intersects the Ottewa or Gmnd Zer thl. d"™" r """T^ "7*^ ^--^y-four decrees west sional lines aforesaid • the aid countv if/n r "^rT""^. *''' '^'^ "^''" ""^'^ '' ""'''' '^^ ^ivi- nearest to the said co^nl^,::^ T^I ^i:^:! ^:r ^t tnS^^r.l "^ f^ f " ^T^- M. ^^^:X':T^^::i^^^ — «^ ^^^ aunty of suf. nntil it meets the carrying-place from Point a, Pn T .^t. ' °" *''" '°""^ ^>^ ^ake Erie, the country commonly called or known by the name of Canada * » ' t° "'7'™^ ^-^^^^ «^ 50 accordingly "■"'^"'^"" "'^^ ^" "^^"^^ ^""'^^^^^ -^ *« take notice and govem themselves «} 404 Ar'l.KNmx. ^" testimony whereof, wo have caused those o.,r l«ft . i • ^V. r «-' Province of Upper Canada to bo LL 1 'ffi Ij^Vl^ "''''\ '"'''''' ^'^ ^^^ ^"-^ -1 of l^p^Hal «'-^^-'^« «''"eoe. Esquire, our Lieutenant-Governo of our sai 1 P " '"^ ''t^ ^' ""'' -^-'''-'-'-ed John bearing on thr *'"« Sixteenth day of July, in the vpar nf n. T r ^ov«rnineut House, in the town of Kinfrsfnn ee^ - «- thirty-seco'nd year'^f our ref; """ "^'^ ""^^ ^''^^^^''^ ^-^ ''-J-d and ninetyJ^lf.td Wm. Jakvis, Secretary. 7th June, 1794. Henry Caldwell, Esqvmz.-Receiver-General of fh. p ■ . ^^ , . , Whereas We thought fit bv an o . . • ^ °'"'^' '^ ^"^'^ ^«"«'^«-* Imperial ., , ^'juufeui; nt, by an Order made in Our Priw P-,,.,, -i xi^ . Com,n«si<,n One thousand seven hundred and ninetvone fn A l ^"""^ ^0""<='J "" thenmeteenth day of August PXr vinces, to be called the Province of CerCaidl'i'd pT "^"T t' ^"^'^^ '^'^ *- separat Pro.' WCa... menceat a stone boundary on the north bank of "e ITZ y ''^"^^ ^'^"^'^^' ^>^ ^ ^^ne to com- Baudet m the limit between the Township of Lan aster and bf^ ""^ '* '^'^ ''''' ^''' '' ^^^^' au along the said li.nit in the direction of north tMrtv fonr 7 Jigneune of New Longueuil, running said Seig^eurie of New Longueuil; thence TZZ uohZI^''' \' "^^"^^^'^'""'^ ^^'^ "^ ^^e Vaudreuil, running north twenty-five degrees East^miHt^-r I^^""''^"'"^ °^ '^' Seigneurie of river mto the Lake Tomiscaming, and from the b!^^/ f *^' °^*^^^ ^•^^'•. *« ascend the said it strikes the boundary line of Hudsont Ba^^^ t: i t Tf^^' ^? ^ "^ ''^^^ ^^ ^^^^ ^^^ ^0 lands territories, and islands, lying to the we tward of tb i ,?^'' ^"""'^^ *° comprehend all such „ „ 15th December, 1796 Robert Prescott, Es.,vi^.,^Captain. General and Governor-in Chief of f, P • Lower Canada* '""^^''^'^ '^' ^^'^^ce of Upper and Imperial v ^! ''"'' ^™^'°«« ^^ ^PPer Canada and of our Province .f T 1;-= li: '7pZ:zr.i ^ ^r '°""^^^ - ^^« -^^rbarff ^trL^k:^^^^^^^ ^^^^^^^^ ^^ "f Upper and r""^"^ °^ ^"^^t au Baudet, in the limit between the Tnw.cK- * r ^'''°* Francis, at the Cove wean. Longueuil, running along the said UmitTn th direcZ Tft ^rtf " ^"' ^'^ ^^'^--^ of New :m. westerniost angle of the said Seigneurie of New Lo tu tiU t enc^ ' Jt'''"'"'. '''''''' ^^^«^- *° ^hl the hegneune of Vaudreuil, running North twentf Ze d ^^"^ ^''' °°''"'-^^^^^™ '^«"ndary of R.ver to ascend the said river into the Lake 'SstmW anH' f/ ""T' '' ^^""^^^ '"^^ «'*a^- hn drawn due north until it strikes the bounTrn^e^f H. r ' ^^ '' "' ''' said lake by a Canada to comprehend all such lands, territories and iskn 1 , ?" I ^^^"''^^ Province of Upper dmsion as were part of Our Provinc<; of QueC and he p'':"' " f r ""'""'^ ""' '''^ -^ >-?o il^!:^^^ ^---« -- to those contained 'Book marked " Qweh"e7an>;;;i^^i^;;r7;;;^^h~^-^^ ■ _ , ---n _,tn ueo., 1775, to 4tii Nov 1707 " ;„ d-- ^^^ ~ -— ^^ov., 1/87, ,n Privy CouncU Offi^^;otU^^ •I ENERAL OF 10 408 Sec. V. Imprriat Sir Geokqe Pbevost.- ^Captain Q.nJ!^'' ?'!S"""' '®"- P'^^ , ^apmm-Ueneral and Governor-in-Chief of th, P^«,„- . ^ rr bearing on the L. 406 30th March, 18.18. John Oeorqe, Earl of Durham, — Captain-General and Govemor-in-Chief of the Province of Upper Canada, Our said Province of Upper Canada ; the said Province being bounded on the east by the line dividing that Province from Lower Canada, beginning at a stone boundary on the north bank of the lAko St. iVancis, at the cove west of tiie Point an Baudot, in the limit between the Townwhip of Lancaster and the Seigneurie of New Longueuil, running along the said limit in the direction of north thirty-four degrees West, to the westernmost angle of the said Seigneurie of New Longueuil, thence along the north-western boundary of the Seigneurie of Vaudreuil, running noith twenty-five degrees east, until it strikes the Ottawa River, to ascend the said river into the Tjike Temi.scanning ; the said JO Province of Upper Canada being also bounded by a line drawn due north from the head of the said lake until it reaches the shore of Hudson's Bay ; the said Province of Upper Canada being bounded on the south, beginning at the said stone boundary between Lancaster and New Longueuil, by the Lake St. Francis, the River St. Lawrence, the Lake of the Thou.sand Islands, Lake Ontario, the River Niagara, which falls into Lake Erie, and along the middle of that lake ; on the west by the channel of Detroit, I-ake St. Clair, up the River St. Clair, Ijike Huron, the west shore of Drummond Island J that of Saint Joseph and Sugar Island, thence into Lake Superior. [The following Commission contains boundary description similar to that in the next preceding comraLssion.] 13th December, 1838. go Sib John Gohnoumt,— Captain-General and Governor- in-Chief of the Province of Upper Canada.* [The two following Commissions contain Boundary Line descriptions similar to that of 30th March, 1838, to the Earl of Durham as Captain-General and Goneral-in-Chief of Loiver Canada]. 13th Decemheu, 1838. Sm John Coluoih^e,— -Captain-General and Governor-in-Chief of the Province of Lower Canada.* Gth September, 1839. Chables Poulett Thomson, Esquire, — Captain-General and Governor-in-Chief of the Province of Loiver Canada.* [The following Commission contains boundary descriptions exactly the rame as those in the above Commission of 13th December, 1838, to the Earl of Durham as Governor-in-Chief of Upper Canada : — ] 6th Septemher, 1839. The Right Honourable Charles Poulett Thomson — Captain-General and Governor-in-Chief of the Provhice of Upper Canada.* 30 IMPERIAL ACT, 43 GEO. IIL, CAP. 138 (1803). An Act for Extending the Jurisdiction of the Courts of Justice, in the Provinces of Lower and Upper Canada, to the Trial and Punishment of Persons Guilty of Crimes and Offences within Certain Parts of North America adjoining to the said PROviNCES.f Whereas crimes and offences have been committed in the Indian Territories, and other parts of ■^AcTla Geo America, not within the limits of the Provinces of Ix)wer or Upper Canada, or either of them, or of the III.', Cap. 38, jurisdiction of any of the Courts established in those Provinces, or within the limits of any civil * Lib. F. (6), Inipcrial Comiiiisaions, Ful. 171. + State Book, Upper Canada, L. P. 383, (in Privy Council (Jffice, Ottawa). 40 lee of Upper by the line bank of the TownHliip of ion of north jeuil, thenco -five degrees ig ; the said ) o , of the said ing bounded by the Lal^e (, the River e channel of ond lulund ; xt preceding r Canada. mt of 30th lada]. er Canada* Province of 20 in the above Canada : — ] -Chief of the 30 ' Lower and ID Offences ler parts of ;m, or of the ji any civil 40 407 and greatly ,ncrfa.se : Fo™. ' wtreTfTv i T ""^ " ""'. ""^^ '"-'""^'^■^ «" unpunished, it enacted, by the Ki,..,'s mZ h\TZn M^ 1 ^"'' ^^"^'"'^ '^"'' '' '"''y ^'^ *'"'"=ted. and be Spiritual and^on.por rin IG. ;l :t tZ?' '/^P ,""' ''" "'''"'' ""'' '''"'«^'"^ '^ *''« ^-<'« the same. That fro!: and aflr tprs'i g h 'Zrar^tr"' "'"'T^' ";' ''' ''"^ ''"^''""^>' "^ Territories, or parts of America not witlS. 1 ^ f.,f """': comm.tte.l within any of the Indian Canada, or of iny Civil Govrnme >t o ho n , ^. / 7 ^^ ''" '"''' ^'""^''"•^^'^ '''' ^"^^ ^ Upi- offencesofthesaLnaturrr ,t ld"r;;^^^^^^^^^ of America, shall be and be deemed to be 10 as if the same had been committed w'thhuh': L^I^^fZ^ o:i;;:fJa::dr ^^'"^ ^""'^""-'^• perJf i: d^^H^t^ir::;:;.:!:^^;!::' l' 'T V\' "°^^^"^^ - Lieutenant-Governor, or mission under hi, Haml and Sea In L,M !" " °^ "'° ^'■°''"°'' °*' ^^*'"- Canada, by Com- dentorbeinga he 1 to r'alc TliT r^'TT "^"^ P""" ^^ l--ns. wheresoever resi- Territories or parts of ^^^l^l^ :^J^t:^ :;;',^:; ^^f if^- '^ ^^ "^ /"^ ^"^'^ Govornmciit ot Ihe UiiitoJ SI .Icsof Am„ri™ if I , Provincea. op of liny Civil .itl,or „p„„ infonnatirltaXtrX^ "'^ ""'l","' "'"»'»' """»«' '''"vfnc.., of t„. ™i„ p„vi„cc, i„ „,„ p„e ofL "n^t To" 1" ■ .^piroVi^r rr St'' - °"' only of hearing crimes and offeneeq nn.l nr.^^;^^- »"* "^ "' -'»^"'e"C!i aioresaid, for the purpose .0 offence .„ »r„;,,t„,,,. i,,t:,trLt tSC4Z^^^ to bo dcidt with according' to Law and it .hnll l i <■ 7/ Province of Lower Canada, hend and take before ^^ Vo^'.:^r^l^Z^^^lJZZ ''^7^''''' ^" ''''''■ be safely conveyed with all convenient speed rttptncf of LwerTal^^^^^^^ :;' "°"''" ""'^'^ '"^ guilty of any crime or offence, there to be delivered in o saLuTn![ f .1 ^ P'''"" "^ ^'''°'"' with according to Law. ueiivercd into safe custody for the purpose of being dealt cour!foft%':,:ittwlit istering the Government for the time len ha. f. oTi:: "H -«"*-«— r- - P-son admin- offence, or the local situation of anvoTtl.ewiti/T ^ circumstances of the crime or 30 may more conveniently be administered n Tdat Ho suet ''"'''''"'7 "'" '''''^"' "''"^ ''''' J^^*'- Canada, and shall by any Instni .^ u 1 tleTvoa S rT^r p"^'"'' ''^ '^' ^^<^^'°°"^ "^ ^pper the same, then that ew'T such Xlr 1; ami s al T ''\^r"T "' "-""^^ ^^"'^^'^' ^-'"« Province of Upper Cwfa). in wthrltroL:^^^ ''''' '' '"^.^ ?^^'' ^' *^« the same would have been tried if such crime .r.ff T \l ' "'"""^ *"'^' ^"'^ ^'^^'^ Province where the same 2lL tie JunTert^^^^^^^^^^^ " committed within the limits of the Act shall be liable ana .ibject to snclVunlhrtrm^^^^^^ .d shall proceed%herein to tria,;^^^^^^^^ Courts to issue subpoenas and other processes for enforein.! H. /a h T / ''" °^ *^' ^""'^ are within the limits of the jurisdiction of the Sur from whTchL^ any subpoenas or other processes .^0 shall issue as afora.aiH any 4ct or Acts Law .rT . ^ ' subpoena* or other processes notwithstanding. ' '" " ^^ ' '"^ "' ^''""' '^"''°°^' "'"«'^' '"«'**«' °^ *^"'g *« the contrary .foiNT API'llNHIX. Sec. V. Imperial Slalutit atul A rt» iif State lirarinijun tht mtmtiiin of tht iliiundariti. Inipcriiil .Act, W, 111". III.. C'ai). ;w, 1H(X). JorMT APfKNDII. H..C. V. Imprrial Sliitiilri and Ael» of Slate brarinn nn thi uurntiiinn/tht himndarir). Im|wrial Art, 43 lien. III., c«p. :w, (1(103). 4oe f V. Provided always, and be it further enacted, that if any crime or offcnco charged and proso- cutod under this Act sliall bo proved to have been committed by any person or pt-rson.s, not being a subject or subjecta of His Majesty, and also within the liinita of any colony, settlement or territory belorixing to any Kuropean State, the Court before which such prosecution shall be had sliall forthwith acquit such (.t^rson or persons, not being such subject or subjects as aforesaid, of such charge. V. Provided, nevertheless, that it shall and may be lawful for such court to proceed in the trial of any other person, being a subject or subjects of His Majesty, who shall bo charged with the same or any other oHence, notwithstanding such offence shall appear to have l)oen committed within th« limits of any colony, sottlemoiit or territory belonging to any European State as aforeaaid. Imptirial Act, 4»(i.<,. HI., Cap. 27, (1809). IMPERIAL ACT, 49 GEO. III.. CAP. 27 (1809). lo An Act for E.sTAnLiaiiiNO Courts of Judicature in the Island of Newfoundland and THE Islands Adjacknt; and for Re-Annexinq Part of the Coast of Labrador and the the Islands Lying on the Said Coasts to the Government of Newfoundland. XIV. And whereas His Majesty by his Proclamation of the seventh day of October one thousand seven hundred and sixty-three, was i)lea8ed to declare that he had put the Coast of Labrador from the River Saint John to Hudson's Streights, with the Islands of Anticosti and Madelaino, and all other smaller islands lying on the said coast, under the care and inspection of the Governor of Newfound- land : An.l whereas by an Act passed in the fourteenth year of the reign of his present Majesty, intituled. An Act for making more effectual provision for the government of the Province of Quebec 171 North America, all such territory, islands and countries, as since the tenth day of February one 20 thousand seven hundred and sixty^three had been made part of the government of Newfoundland were, during His Majesty's pleiusure, annexed to and made part of the Province of Quebec, as created by the said Proclamation : And whereas, in pursuance of an Act passed in the thirty-first year of his present Majesty's reign, intituled. An Act to repeal certain parts of an Act passed in the fourteenth year of His MajcMy's reign, intituled, 'An Act for making more effectual provision for (he govern- ment of tlie Province of Quebec in North America,' and to make further provision for the government of tfie said Province, the said Province of Quebec was divided into two Provinces of Upper and Lower Canada, the latter including the parts of the coast of Labrador and the said islands so formerly annexed to the government of Newfoundland : And whereas it is expedient that the said coast of Labrador, and the adjacent islands (except the Islands of Madelaine) should be re-annexed to 30 the government of Newfoundland : Be it therefore enacted, that such parts of the coast of Labrador from the River St. John to Hudson's Streights, and the said island of Anticosti, and all other smaller islands so annexed to the government of Newfoundland by the said Proclamation of the seventh day of October one thousand seven hundred and sixty -three, (except the said Islands of Madela o.e) shall be separated from the said government of Lower Canada, and be again re-annexed to the government of Newfoundland ; any thing in the said Act pas.std in the thirty-first year of his present Majesty's reign, or any other Act, to the contrary notwithstanding. PROCLAMATION OF GOVERNOR-GENERAL SHERBROOKE IN REFERENCE TO NORTH- WEST TROUBLES, 1816. 40 Proclamation By His Excellency Sir John Cope Sherbrooke, Knight Grand Cross of the Most Honourable Military sherrrooko"' ^rder of the Bath, Captain-General and Governor-in-Chief in and over the Provinces of Lower 1816. Canada, Ui)per Canada, Nova Scotia, New Brunswick, and their several dependencies, Vice- Admiral of the same, Lieutenant-General and Commander of all His Majesty's Forces in the said Provinces of Lower Canada and Upper Canada, Nova Scotia and New Brunswick, and their several dependencies, and in the Islands of Newfoundland, Prince Edward, Cape Breton and Bermuda, etc., etc. fed and proso- s, not being a lit or territory hall forthwith n ttie trial of le same or any tha limits of 10 NDLAND AND )OK AND THE *D. one thousand ador from the and all other if Newfound- sent Majesty, ce of Quebec February one 20 fewfoundland )cc, as created •st year of his he fourteenth or Ike govem- e government f Upper and id islands so that the said re-annexed to 30 r St. John to inexed to the one thousand ted from the indland ; any ny other Act, ro NORTH- able Military es of Lower sneies, Vice- in the said their several Breton and 40 .lonrr An'itNrJix. «<'c. V. Imprrial Slnintm ami A (•(» (i/ MaU hiiiritiiiiin thf Wd >ti.,n nf the tininiilariti. Priiclttnmtion of (ii>v.(ii>n, ■Sliirbrouke, 1N16. 400 A PROCLAMATION. and ^:::rn;;;.::l'^.r^i;:,t::!:,^ ^^^ Kin,,o... .. o.at nritam oxtomling the JuriHdict on of tl e ', . 'T!^^^' °*^ ""* Majesty's UeiKn, intitulod : 'A,, Act for • Canada tt the trial an p ni^h 1 '. " "',? "' ^'" ''""^''"••■^ "^ '^ ''""-''' •■-' '^PI- North Am..rica.adjoi„i„rursrir. V •»'•'•' "^ "'"'r '""' "''""'""^ ""^'''" -'-" I-"*' "f and after the passi .. tl s id S ■ t t'.. .r """"""' ''"""' ''""«'* ^""'''^^"> ""'' ''-'--> "-* '••""> or parts of AL-rica'' n t t ■ .^ I •\'' ? ~ -'•'•''""'•d witl.in „„y of the I,;dian territories or of any (^ivil C»ov rumen "Jn, tTVl ''''' ^'^''1 ';''^^'""^^ "^ ^^^^ - ^ppor . 'anada, 8.UU0 naiure, and shall I tr " i ..o s^ ^ " "'^ A"'--'^. «'"^" «"'! ^e 'I--'".e.l to bo oir.-ncs .,f the 10 had bee., committed witLr^i ;:!:::': 'z^'ri;;;!^?;.:.;:" ^^""^ ^""'''■"^" '^^ '^ ^'^^^ -- havetri:d;z::;'drla;;,:;;;;vts:;'^" 'i ^^;^ ^^'"^ s.at„te,.Tu.ieo. of ti. p... territories aforesaid and to '"^^1^1 ' P • """7r' ''''';:"'''^ '" '^f''^^''''"-'"'' ^^'^•'"' ^'- ^"''i'^" persons guilty of any ^rime oJ oLt: :::^Z'r "'' ''' ''''' '' '''' ''''' ''''''' ^"^^ viole:^:^.:::S;;r;r:;,:^^;- ^-^^^ ^-..3 of the peace, by „cts of f....ee and aforesaid Justices of the Peace " """''"^ ^'"'''" '''"'"'''''• '^"'' J'^'i-Ji'^tiou of the 20punishn>ont al, porsous'ltTay' Z %oon'rs all '^ il^'T ''" ''V'"""-^^ °^ '''''"' '^ violen(!e as aforesaid and otl.or ntf..n. i 7 ^ ^ °^ ''"^ ■''"^^' '^^^ o"" acts of force or exuuple. thereirr ;. "t h"\^^^ '" ^T '^" "''-"^^ '•"'" ^""--.. their pernicious discourage all acts of for": n 1 vi ,' „ I ^ '' '";' n '"" ^"^'"'^ '^'' '"'^ ''''^^'''"-^' '- '^^'"i'" -r.d tumult ^Ki riots, or in a:;':;^;;;!,::^t;:r;r'^°^"^''"^^ ^^^^^^^^ ^^-^^'-^ ^« ^'-^"- anda;;;i^fr^^::::ty^:JZn;;;:""^"^^ ^'''^-f- ^^^^^ Peace as a^rosaid, nominated thisPr:,vincce.an.ldo" X r^tllof J "?, "^7*-"- .^^-^tuto. and all Magistrates throughout to make .liligent eno uiry an sear o it ! 'I ' T'-"?'' ^'-^"'-"""•^' '" ''"''• '•^'^P^^^'-' ''^^'^tioMs. lawfulcustodyfortH l^n du o .re n^^ '^ ^« -»"'-tted to 30StatutecontaLd.allp rs^nswhoh :,l^orshTr ^ ''""•^"" '" ''" '^^'-™tioned as aforesaid, or of any oti.er cr me or cri nosom r f ^ ^ °^ 'r^' "'^^ °'" '^''^'^ ""^ ^''''' "' ^-l^°ce theendthaUhelaws'^m ;L a3i^ H;:^^^^^ '"'^ ^^'^ ^-'■'■'" territories, to tion of peace and good order thereh ' '' '""' '°"""^' '" ^"^'^ '"''''"-'''-'' ^'"- '^^ I-'^-'va- eight hundred and sixteen, and in tho'Forty-sixth ;i:rtf H^ M^^^^^^^^^^^^^ ^"^ "^^''^ '^' ^^"^"'^ By His Excellency's Com. uand. J- C Shebbrooke. John Taylor, 40 Deputy Secretary. ACT OF UPPER CANADA. 69 GEO. III.. CAP. X (1818) JOIKT ArrKNDix. S.!0. V. Imperial Statutes and Act» 0/ State brarimj an the qitestiim 11/ the Jitmtularies, Act of Upiier Canada, &'J Geo. III., Cap. 10, (1818). 410 whereas crimes and offences have been committed, and may hereaftc bo committed, in .such tracts of country, wliich it might be inconvenient to try in tlie particular districts wlicic'ii the name may liavo been committed ; bo it therefore enacted by the King's most excellent Majesty, h^ and with the advice and consent of the Legislative Council and Assembly of tlie Province of lJ|iper (/iinada, constituted and assembled by virtue of and under the authority of an Act passed in the Parliament of Great Britain, , entitled, "An Act to repeal certain parts of an act pas.sed in the fourteenth year of His Majesty's reign, entitled, ' An Act for making more effectual jjrovision for the government of the Province of Quebec, in North America, and to make furtlier provi8i(m for the government of the said Province,'" imd by the authority of the same. That all crimes and offences committed in any of the said tracts of country or parts of this province, not being within the limits of any described county or township, may bo inquired 10 of and tried within any district of this Provitice, and may and shall be hiid and charged to have been committed within the jurisdiction of the court which shall try the same, and such court may and shall proceed thereon to trial, judgment, and execution, or other punishment for such crime or offence, in the same manner, as if such crime or otfence had been really committed within tiio district where such trial may be had, any law, usage, or custom, to the contrary notwithstanding. II. Provided always. That when and so soon as any new county or counties, town or township, shall be laid out, described, and established in any of the tracts of country aforesaid, and .shall be so declared by law or by proclamation, under the hand and .seal of the Governor, Lieutenant-Governor, or person administering the government of this Province for the time being, by and with tbe advice and consent of His Majesty's Executive Council, all crimes and offences couunitted within the limits of any 20 such new county or counties, township or townships, shall be inquired of and tried, in the district or districts wherein such new county or counties, town.ship or townships, sliall be respectively compre- hended, in like manner as such crimes or offences would have been inquired of and tried, if this present Act had not been made or passed. PETITION OF THE EARL OF SELKIRK, 30th JULY. 1819,* Ik Reference to the FoREnoiNo Act of Uppkr Canada and the exercise of Jurisdiction by THAT Province to the westward of Lake Superior. To the Right Honourable the Lords of the Committee of Privy Council for the affidrs of Trade and Foreign Plantations. The Memorial of Thomas, Earl of Selkirk — 30 Sheweth : Petition, Karl That in the month of September, one thousand eight hundred and eighteen, a Rill of Indictment 30th*JuW ' "^'^^ preferre^ com.enLent 30 waiting for the arrival of the members who —tent dthr 'j'T .^'''' """^""' ™P'^>'^^' ^^^'^^^^ were peculiarly interested in the question and w'o it 1 n ''"',""'' °^ '^'' ^'°'''''"^' ^ -'- the Bill. ^ ''"""• ''"^ "'•" "^ ^^a« generally understood would have opposed Cou Jlrlhe; inL;^:r,;rl;t ;:^r/ r'-^ -: --'«^'^^«>^ -* -P -> the Legislative an amendment leaving out th w„ , -^ ti:!:;? ^2" 7 ^^'f /"'''=' ^' '"^'^ ^'^ ""^■'-"^^ ^--'^). notwithstanding the opposition of the C' ^.tic' , de^ 7 ^°"!"''^^-'-" ^^ ~> -<' carried, introduce,! ; the Bill so a.nended was then take btk t H " TT''' '^' ^^'" '^"^ '^''^" -'^'^'"^I'y it received the assent of the Provincial Government '' ^"""^'^ '^"^ ^""'^'^ • '^^^^ ^^^'^h 40 pow :: -rir : uie t: i;Zc? r sr ;=r*:r rr ^ '-^^^ ----^ -'• ^'— alleged offences to a distance of ,„any hunZl mM ^f ^7,'^^'^'.«f /«'""ving at pleasure the trial of regularly an.l constitutionally cognSl ^ J f d 1 ! •"'"" "" ''l""''''' ''''''''' ^'^f°- -'-'' ^hey are the I'rovincc, where juries, not of^he r o^ndistlt iTvl'^'r /';'"?^' '" ''" ""'^^ ••^'""^'^ P"'« of and where the prisoners, fron. the -.elt lis^^ an 1 ^ '" p"' ^"' '''' ''"'•''"'^'^ of convicting them, with then, any witnes;es to pro^ L t^o IZ ITZ ^°"^'^>''^"-> ^^ ^^ -able tt bring defence. ^ '" '""«<^^'»ce. or to obtain any Counsel to assist them in their That in the.said Actno rcn.son is eiven for tlio oU-....*- .i , . Judicature of Upper Canada, unless indf Uhe va-^e w " " "•''?" '''' "'^^'"^''^'^ ^^ »-l it n.ight be inconvenient" (to try ..He , es , L col ' 'T''"^ '" ''*' P""^'"^'"' "•""«'3^-" ^^at 60 reason for such an extrnord.o....^/,, '!"'"* r """■' ^'"'^ ""^''''' '" ^'^ ^"^'i) «^» ^ deemed n ■■'•--•""•' ""constitutional innuvation. 8 3 412 Joint the amenJinent made upon it for the purpose of preventing it having the effect of an ex post facto enact- _ ' niunt, the Chief Justice of tlie Province and the Attorney-General have thought fit to interpret, and act ™', ■ upon it as having a retrospective effect. Imperial ' o t Actsoistatf 'J'liat as they could not succeed in their endeavours to ohtain from the Grand Jury in tlie Western g™*SIlf;i'(''^(At ^-^'^^'''*^'' ^ '■'"'' ^''" figaiii^t your memorialist for the a'leged conspiracy, another bill was, immediately Bumuiaries. after till' passing of this new Act, preferred^ngainst him on the same charge, and supported by the very Petition, Karl saiiie witnesses, before a Grand Jury of the Homo District, and for offences alleged Lo have been com- 30th July,' "iitted no loss than two years before the passing of the said Act had given jurisdiction to the courts of ^"^^^ that District, That the Grand Jury at York, before whom this second Bill of Indictment was preferred as above 10 mentioned, were prevailed ujion, at the instance and upon the opinion of the said Attorney-General, to admit into their private room the principal agent and partner of the North-West Company, for the pur- pose of assisting as intorpretur and examiner of the witnesses, most of whom spoke a language not understood by the jurors, in consequence of wliich improper and irregular proceedings the Bill has been found against your memorialist and nineteen other persons, most of whose names have been inserted in the Indictment evidently for no other purpose than to prevent them being called as witnesses in your memorialist's defence. That your memorialist further submits that Fort William, a trading post occupied by the said North- West (.'onipany, and the place where the alleged offences chargeil against him are stated to have been committed, is not situated witlii?i the jurisdiction of the Courts of Upper Canada, as settled by the 20 Act of Parliament of It George 3rd, c. 83, which defines tlie boundary of that Province, and therefore that these charges cannot be legally brought to trial in any Court of Upper Canada. That the Chief Justice of Upper Canada, in defiance of the Act of Parliament which declares the western boundary of Canada to be a line drawn northward from the point of junction of the Rivers Ohio and ilississippi, and in opposition to the unanimous decision of the Court at Quebec, asserts that the western district of Upper Canada extends westward to an indefinite distance. That, in consequence of this extraonlinary doctrine, your memorialist is apprehensive that under the provisions of this New Provincial Act, the Chief Justice will not hesitate to issue Bench Warranto for the purpi^se of arresting several persons now resident at tlie Ited lliver settlement, and that if such warrants are submitted to, or enforced, he will bring away the parties to a distance of two thousand miles, without their having 3q any opportunity of bringing witnesses along with them, or the means for obtaining an impartial jury, or a fair trial. Your memorialist ought also to observe that as the .settlers at Red River have obtained the opinion of several of the most eminent counsel in England, declaring that the Red River cannot be considered as in Canada, it is not unlikely that warrants issued (under the new Act) for the apprehension of any of tlie .settlers at that place will be forcibly and, as your memorialist conceives, lawfully resisted. I'hat your memorialist further submits that as the provincial enactment above mentioned is of an unusual and extraordinary nature, your memorialist conceives that the Lieutenant-Governor ought not to have expressed the Royal assent to the Bill, without seeing tliat it contained a clause to suspend its operation till the jileasure of His Royal Highness the Prince Regent should be known ; that in consefjuence c*" the omission of such a clause and the opportunity tiiereby allowed for the Bill to be 40 inunediately acted upon, your memorialist has sustained grievous prejudice; that though the Bill in question was ])assi»d m the month of November last it appears that no copy thereof, as directed by the Act of 31 George 3rd, has j'et been transmitted to this country, by wliich omission a further o|)portunity has been afforded of carrying the same into effect before His Royal Highness the Prince Regent can have an opportunity of exercising his constitutional prerogative on the subject, and of determining whether the Act shall be allowed or di.sallowed. Your memorialist therefore jirays that your Lonlships will take the said Provincial Act into consideration as early as possible, and will advise His Royal Highne.ss the Prince Regent in Council to disallow the same, ami your memorialist further jirays that when the .said Act is to be taken under your Lord.ships' consideration lie may be heard by Couiisel on the subjeufc. Selkibk. 50 418 PETITION OF THE HUDSON'S BAY COMPANY, 3rd AUGUST 1819* Tn referenck to the Upper Canada Act. 59 Geo. 3. c'ap. 10 (1818), and the Jurisdiction OK THAT Province to the Westward of Lake Superior The Memorial of the Hudson's Bay Company— Sheweth : — in J t w.r/' ^'•^'l''^' ^'""p 2-''^. '^' ^""''"^' ^^ ^' ^°y"^ ^'^"*^^ '^^t^d the second day of May 10 1 r- '"^^'^'>'-^!'=^"'^ y^"^' «f «^'^ I^'^'g". incorporated your memorialists by the name of the Governor 10 and Company of Adventurers of England trading into Hudson's Bay, constituting them to be a Body Corporate and Pohtic for ever, and granting to them various lands, rights, immunities and privileged as may particularly appear by reference to their Charter, a copy of which accompanies this niemorial ' That the te.-ntory so granted to your memorialists forms the northern and north-western boundary of the Province of Upper Canada, and that your memorialists have been in the practice of carrying on trade in that part of Upper Canada which borders upon their territories. That the parts of Canada in which your memorialists have traded are not situated within the limits of any described township or county therein. That in the month of November last, an Act passed through the several branches of the Legislature of that Province, a copy of which is hereunto annexed, entitled " An Act to authorize the 20 enquiry and trial of crimes and offences committed within this Province, without the limits of anv described township or county to be had in any district thereof;" but that your memorialists under- stand that no regular copy thereof has been received in this country so as to enable His Royal Highness, the P. nice Regent in ( ancil, to exercise his constitutional power of signifyino his uleasure with respect to the said Act. ^ ^ t, "is pleasure That it appears to your memorialists that by this Colonial Law. which was acted upon as soon as It was assented to by the Provincial Government, not only a most essential innovation is made in the long established .system .feature in Upper Canada, but by the interpretation which has been put upon It by he Chief J, ., ud the Law Orticei-s in that Province, it has had the effect of operatiL as an export facto law with respect to several of your memorialists' officers and servants, contrarv to tl^e' 30 established principles of justice and to the law of England. For in consequence of such interp;etatioa criminal prosecutions were immediately commenced, and a Bill of Indictment preferred a-ainst certain of their officers and servants for a conspiracy to destroy the trade of the North-West Coiinmnv in having committed certain acts alleged to have taken place at Fort William (a trading post of that Company), two years prior to the passing of the said Colonial Law. Your memorialists further submit that Fort William, where the said acts were alleged to have been committed, is not in Upper Canada, being situated to the west of the boundary line of that Province (a.s established by Act of Parliament, 14th Geo. 3rd, c. 83). and therefore not within the jurisdiction or subject to the Legislature of that Province. That in the proceedings which have thus been taken against your memorialists' officers and 40 servants as last mentioned, it appears that the principal agent and partner of the North-West (^ompany was permitted, at the instance of the Attorney-General, to examine before the Grand Jury the witnesses for the prosecution, almost all of the said witnesses being clerks servants and dependants of the sai.l Company ; That in consequence of these improper proceedin.rs a Bill of Indict ment has been foun.l against several of your memorialists' officers and servants, who may accordindy be called upon to appear in Upper Canada, and take their trial for offences alleged to have been committed long prior to the passing of the said Act Your memorialists therefore humbly pray that they may bo heard by their Counsel for the purpose of stating fully the reasoas why the assent of His Royal Highness, the Prince Regent in Couneil, should not he given to the Act so passed by the Legislature of Upper Canada. Jonrr Afpkndix. Sec. V, Imperial Statutee ami Act! of State leariny on the queatinn oftht BoundarUi. Petition HudHon'sBay Ciiinnaiiy, 3rd August, 1«19. * Public Record Office— Colonial Uorrespondenoe, Canada (Upper), 1810, No. 326. ^.fi ■I kl W iff ! j ect w as then defeated by the ad journment of the court while the proceedings • Public Record Office— Colonial Correspondence, Canada (Upper), ISlO^oTsaS^ lideration and urn, iecretary, TO EARL K J'OKKQOING 10 }er, 1819. August, with it to authorize limits of any )Iy with your ig the passing h of October, jber, the date ated to me in 20 ce of offences '98 had been ready for the a bill of the len sent down s, and passed je had caused tting in this 30 overnment of ich I under- jst Company, irges against ?ort William. IS completely little within gating. il7, brought 40 ;ern District, t that-they r, and which 118 the same fer the same I proceedings 415 we. depending, under circumstances of which former communications will enable your lordship to havi^rn:r^;t:::f:;\:^;^rr the Western by a genenU clause in the BU I X ^^l^T ',"■ ""f f^'^'' ^^^ ^^^-''-l them to Vvo.n.c. as is not included Min any otlZTstZT: tf ''"''•"" '^^' "^° '""^•'' -^ ^bis Western District." Therefore ^ithon^ „ T '^"^' '^'^ constitute and form „art of the o^a of the linats of this ProTbc: whth t s^^^^ ^'^'^^ f^^'^^ "^ the India! tl o.t Act of the 43rd of the King, be tri^l in any d Ttri t "f , •l.T '=':^'^'"'>'.^«fi-J. -ay. under the B.itish aga,nst further inconveniences and ddays "rom a re^S^t Zwh H r "' ""'^'^ "^""'^'' '" ""-^ necess. y, and it occurred to me that, by assenTinVto he B 11 b f n T "" "' ^-^-^--^-^^ reason or whue the assizes were sitting, the witnesL. pro ecu ors Ld Ifo!? *; '■'™'"'"°" '' '""^ --'-. -'^ of the ™n>ediate trial of every criminal L^e betl! t2f ? ' ""^. """"'''"'■ '' ^-"'^ -'"'it prep.-ed with w=^.esses than it was probablefhey triuM fetl" \'"r ''t''' ^"^^>' ^^ ^^'"-' - Have o^.::z^:r r:- - ^^ ^r t ^^.s^rr- -- - - -- ^ -at i tion ,s dechledly in favour of its propr ety and exped encv an ."'t '""^'•"" ''''' '">' °-" --'ic- conhrn,.,e in this opinion than tLa'nxie^tybi:;Srio:dS^ '"" '""" '*^"''^"' ^ by h.s agents and friends in opposing it in every Ta.e It L a Bil 'p"; " ^'.'''''•'"'^^'^ manifested, upon considerations of general expediency befofe an^ nros!onr ^y'"^'\"'-'o'"ated with the Judges, preferred. It passed not hastily, .or bytr^rise bu^ P^ ""^'""'^'^ the Karl of Selkirk ha.l ll. cussed hy a eonnnittee of the wile hoLrZ^ll^ .^n "'^rr ^^ ^^^^ '^^^ ^^^ dis- hold tit ltX"er "^^ '"^^'- '^^^^^^' ^^- ''- ^-' «^ ^^^''■'rl.s law agent entreated me to with- ^n this district, by a grand jury, as free iZZl! fl ^'"''''^'"^ '^^ ^ort Willian, had been found could have been empanelled in England .rv'^''" '"^ ^"""'^^"^ "'^*» -ther party as any thlt ^^-;^^:^::i^^^ --P ^?« pleased to send me a co^, at the san.e ti.ne that he objects to the Z a alfect.nfri bl J"''' '''■ "'^"''"' ''"^''^ ""^ — '''-^ and consist only i„ .ords. as Your Lord , rwH be' IvL^l't '" '" '''"' ''^"' '^"^''•^'>' ""••^»'"--y shows that Fort William is about th. same dLtllf 'T , ^ ''" '"^Pection of the map, which Lord Selkirk seems willing to be bro ^I^t to h a J^^^^^^^^ f T ^'Z'^' -'>' P>a- ft whiih from either. ^ '° '"'^'- *"^ that it is at least eight hundred miles distant Selkirk's letter to my Lord Liverpootwrn ap t to W lL "'r^'' " ''"'''"' "' '" ^'^ E-' "^ marked No. 3. civil proceedings. uocompanyiTJh LZ r "T " '^ ^"■'•"•"' "^ ^''« ^— '"ts m Upper Canada. These ver^ .^/mon/i J^^^o 'e^? ?''V r"'' .' '"'''"'■' "^ "'^ j"'"^"^' Procee.linos lar attention, will shew h,. .. L t h v ws of Sv * " ."lu^ ""'" '" '^''"'-^^^ ^"•"- ^-''''^''i ''^ 1-articu colonisation, and what probabHity he ril 1 1^ L:!: d^ '7'^'.''. ""''^^ '''"' '"*'' -'«"-' « the irrterests of the North-West trader J'siuterested decision upon mrtters atfectincr .TorNT Al'PKNDlX, Sec. V. Iiiiinrial Kttttiiirs and Actf iif fii.ate 'ti'irhiij unthe qiiiatiiin of the li'iundnrica, I'ilMlt.doV. AfaltlaiKl to Ivirl liatlmrst, 30th Xdvem- bi.r, 1819. 40 fi Mm Joint Appkniiu. Sec. V. Imprrittl Statutes and Acts nf State htftrinij on the qncsti'm nf the J}uniiarics. Lore At the Court at Carlton House the 9tl, of June, 1821 : ihe Kings mo.st Excellent Majesty committed within this Province w thou ';'* ,'".' '"^' "<^ the enquiry nnd trial of crimes and offences in any district thereof, and yZ'^^^^^JZ, ",' 'T'"' '"^'"^''■J' "'• --'^-^' ^o be h memorials praying to be heard Uy^C^J'^Z^'^^^^^'"'^' "^ 'f ^, -^« this Committee, sundry Committee, in obclience to YoJ SlalX'^'t^ jfT ?''''' -''^ '''^'' t'-o Lords of the take the .said Act, and memorials in d ftl^n er n TT ^'^ "" ''" '^'^' '^'^«-"^-. 1«19. the several memorialists, and their I^i s i "l a^^^^^^^^^^^^^ consideration, and lieard counsel on behalf of 20 ami memorials, do a^^iee humblv to v n . \T " ^^'^ '''''"'""' *''" consideration of the .sai.l Act be confirmed." ° "^ '' ''^'''' '^ ^''^"^ "'""- ^o Your Majesty, that the said Act oughUo ^^^'^^Z!:ts^::::v::^f^^^^^^ ^. and withtheLvice pursuant to His M^esty's ^al Vl^^J-^:!:it^:^.^^:^Z:Z^T'':' '"' ■'"' ""' ^"^ enacted, an,l ratified accordinglv. Whereof the 'ov.,.;, It . , '"''^^ continued, finally of His Majesty's said Provin «; of u'o (^^^n h rtji oT ''T'-"''"''^ Commander-in-Chie^ .ay concern, are to take notice and goVer^ ^:i:: :^^:;;^'''- ''''' ^" ^^^^ P--- whom it 30 IMPF.RIAL ACT, 1-2 GEO. IV., C. GG (I80I) Ax ACT .OH R.CCL.T1.0 XH. Fun Thau., ..o Esxabushiku . CuuixxL .vo C:vn Jm „. "•'" ^''■'•'"■^' ^•^^"■'••^'-'^ I'AUTs OF North America of -^^::^:ri^z::^x::^^::r^^ ?T"^ -^ ^'- ^— - ----rers ■•The North- West Con.panyofMontLrrsZf,r^^"''""'' ''""''""^ ""^'-^'- ^''o name of inconvenience and loss, not only to t csaid ( V ''"^' ^'"" ^^'' *^ ^' P'--l"<=^ive of .reat and also of great injury to hVna v^^^^^.^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ the said trade in general whereas the animos ties and feuds Iris nT; f ^^her persons subjects of His Majostj- : And .opt the intenor of America, to ^h: ZZT:^.^:!^^:^:^ '''' '7 T' ''^' '^^ Canada, and of the territories of the United States of I! "'"' "^ ^'^P'' '^"^' Lower And whereas inanybivaches of the ,K>ace 1 !tll^^^TT '"' '\ '''''' "^ '^«"tinue,l disturbance- 40 destruction of property, have Z^H^^:^^::^':::''''^'' '^ "^ ^'-^^ -"• considerable it is expedient and necessary that so ne mo^ . ffe l' '^''\''!''"'^^^ remedy of such evils, tbo apprehending, securing, Ld brin. . o u ti a 1 '' "" •'^'"'" '" ^^^'^''''^'-1 f" tbat His Majesty should te einpo3 ;. re'u t, ,1 '"TT r""'"'"" ■'"'^^' '^*''^'"-«- '^"^ been entertained whether the provi.s n o an Act nt T W V ^"' "''"°''« ^°"^'^'^ ''-« "f His late Majesty King George tl e k d Ltttuir ..'"v °f ^''"*'"' ''"'' '' ""^ -'«- ^g * Publio Record Offlce-Col.nial Corro.pondence, Canada iUpper)^'^^^^;^;^^^ " " ImiNTi.'il Act. 1-2 (;..„. IV. c. G(i(1821). 418 Joint Al'I'KNDU. m Sec. V. Imprriiil Statiitrt and Actf , if Slate btarinrate, or company, or person or persons, of or for the exclusiv.- privilege of trading with the In.lians in all .such parts of North America as .shall bo specified in any such Grants or Licen.ses respectively, n.)t being part of the lands or territf^ries 10 heretofore granted to the sai.l Governor ati.l Company of A.lventur.>rs of Eiiglan.l tra.ling to Hu.lson'.s Bay, an.l not being part of any ..f His Majesty's Provinces in North America, or of any ian.ls or terri- tories belonging to the United States of \merica ; and all such Grants and Licen.ses shall be good, valid and eifectual for the purpo.se of securing to all such b.).lies corporate, or companies, .)r per.sons, the sole and exclusive privilege of trading with the Indians in all such parts of North America (ex.'cpt as hereinafter excepted) as shall be specified in .such Grants or Licenses; anything contained in any Act or Acts of Parliament, or any law to the contrary notwithstan.lin". 11. Provided always, an.l bo it further enacted, that no such Grant or License, made or given by His Majesty, his heirs or suc.'ess.,rs, of any such exclusive privileges of trading with the Indians in such parts of North America as aforesai.l, shall be made or given for any longer peri.nl than tw.-nty-one 20 years; an.l no rent shall be required or deman.le.l for or in respect of any such Gra. t or Licen,se,or any pnvdeges given thereby under the provisions of this Act, for the first period of twenty-one years ; and from and after the expiration of such first period of twenty-one years,it shall be lawful for His Majesty, his heirs or successors, to reserve such rents in any future Grants or Licenses to be made to the .same or any other parties, as shall be deemed just and reasonable, with security for the payment thereof ; and .such rents shall be deemed part of the land revenues of His Majesty, his heirs and succ...ssors, and be applied and accounted for as the other land revenues of His Majesty, his heirs or success.irs, shall at die time of payment of any such rent being inade.be applied and accounted for. IIL Andbe it further, nactcd, that fro-a and after the pa.s.sing of this Act, the Governor and Com- pany of A.lventurers tra.ling to Hudson's I5ay, and every body corporate and company an-l person to 30 whom every such Grant or License shall be made or given as afore.sai.l, shall respectively keep accurate registers of all persons in their employ in any j^art of North America, an.l shall, once in each year return to His Majesty's Secretary of State, accurat.^ duplicates of such registers, an.l shall also enter into such security as shall be required by His Majesty for the duo executi. llmlfs sn-pifi..,} ;„ tho -.id Ar^:<-i<- '- ^i- — prejudice or exclusion of any citizens of the said United States of America, who may be engaged in the 419 "i« late m::^!:;-:^ : t. r^ti :!;::,:;ri;' r 't' - '- '-'y^'^' ^-^ «^ ^-^ ^^i.- -^ . ^V' vincc. of Lower an.l Upper Cana i L ^T V ' '7:*'^'''f '- "^ ^I-' ^^-'''■^ o'' J-'stico in the Pro- '^'LnU ofn.r.es within cor.ain p^i of N: 1 '^^ :,:;;! ;'7r''"-V' ^'^^^^""^ ^""^^^ "^ ^'••"- ^^^ -^-^ - rn.v,sos therein con,.ine.,, .hall l. de^ "'2'™:^ ^f ^^i^''?^-'"^'' ^^^^^^ r:^r^' declare,!, to extendi to and over an.l f„ 1 • construed, and it i.s and aio lu-reby re.spectivelv , — ^^«mn,edto,heCon,pany I ;e:t:e ,;En, ."■''r '" "'"' '''^°""'' '^" ti.e territoL h rc4 f re fe.^' iV!' 10 ACS of Parliament Ir t'his Act ^^^l^^^^^^t^Vii:^::; i"" u'T' ""'' ' '"'^''""^' '" '^"^ ^^^ ^ ^'^ " '"'' standing. ^ ^™'" ""^ ^'"^rtur to the Company, to the contrary notwith- ^^^^t^^:!Z.^tt 'l: ""' rr-^'>«I--«of ^his Ae,the Co«rtsof Judica- *"" --> eivi, Jnn;,^::::':: . t r:l;:t te^" :i'^' '™^'^^'^ -^ ^PP^r Canada.., J, hi process, nu.sne and final, and in all oth r c S' Z T '" • ^°"""'"'=' °* ""^^ '^^ "' ^'"^ '--"ng other parts of America not witld le , .its of H r'?'".' '"'^'^ *'"' ^'^'^ ^"'''"^ territories and of any civil ,overnn.,.nt of the Un ed S its J tlai I " "r""'^ °' ''^^^^'- «^ ^'^I^-' ^-"^'''^. - limits of the sai.l Provinces of Lo.-lr !Xl^. (t" '""'^ ''T " '" "^"■•^''-"' "'^'' "•'^''- ^1- agreement, debt, liability and dcn.and wll ev^r n a '''''''r ,7 ' '"' *''^' '^'^ ""'^ "^-^ -"^''-t' 20 said Indian Trrritories L other par L of Am ;;„";] "'t"' "'^"' '"'^"'•^T'' ^ -•'-•»^' -ithin the o property real or personal, connnittc ! - they or any of them are and is hercd,y recn.ir 1 o^ le s me ?^^r n /"''. '' Commissioners. a:.d " davit of one cre.lible witness to ooninut t e s aid , l ° '"'"''''* ^•''°''' ''""■ ^y *''« ^^th or affi- in order to his or their bein convoved In T ^ r "" T ^"'^""'^ '" °^'^"^''"» ^' ^foresaid, to custorW ^.Justice of the Peace or clmisZrlt^r;'^^^^^^ ^^ ^-^•"' ^'-^ an; S 6" cause to be conveyed such person orporson's so offendm'r '"'""•! .""tt" '"*" ^"''^""ty, to convey or 420 Ar'I.r.x. ffj;> f "■ -;-• Court, on Ins, hor. or fh.-ir l,.!,.. so l.ron.l.t into the Hui.l Province of Unpor Canada s.rv. ■ ;'"';!' T .'""'"'■ "■?• *"■''"■■ ''"'•'■-- .i>"'^'-'"t ">• Hct wus issucl. n.a.I.., .K.liv..r..I, kIv..,, or .lone! '77';" . \ " , -'"^""^'"^ •'^'^•'^'•'■^• «'"'" '^•^^•'' ''^""n Pronounml in s.u-l. suit, an-l sl.,ill I.hv. Ln .lulv per- F^^-' umirlT 1 V'"^'r '"^'-/''r T'' ''"•""""'■ I^'— '"'" '- '^ pavtyorpnrtiosinsuclJulor U„^A,„v.. or «,tn™ therc.n ; Prov„l,.,i always, that :f any ,,.,.„„ or p.-rsons so appn.!,.,..!...!, as aCorosai,! sl.all ':;'^.rt^'r sunJi ' ;' ';,'"'"• .7";""'^";'^'" \" ';">■ -d. Justice of the Peace or Co,„,„issio,.er, with two sutKcient E ■"«•"■ 1 v'. n ■ T \ '"'•" ^''"'" ''""■'■ "'■ C-""--"-. -r th. sai,I Courts, conditioned (l«2l,. to oIh.^ n„, perionn sud. process, wnt. order, jud-nnent, decree, or act as aforesaid, ti.e,^ and in suck His'c : ;; ;;;" "" • ■ '"^'"' '"■ '"r -^r' '"-^^'^^ -^ ^^'^ ^^•^'^•^ «'• C-n--ioner. or tl. said Cou.- s 10 to iliseliar:,'e sucli jierson or pernons out of custody, IX. And be it further enacted, that in case such person or pers.m.s shall not perfonn and fullil the con ht.on or cond.t.ons of such n.co.n.izance. then, and in such case, it shall and u.ay he lawful for any such J.Ht,ce or Conun,ssK,ncr. and he is herehy re,uired to assign such recognizance to ,he ..lainLror ;"d i;" Tv ■^'"V". "•'■'=' 7'' 'T''^ '''''' •"•''^■'•- •'--. .i-'^""-t. or act .hall 'have ILn rssned, nmdodehvered, given, or lone, who n.ay n.aint.vin an acti.,n in the .sa.d Court.s. in his own nan.e, a.a.nst the sn.d suret.es, and r..cover against such sureties the full an.ount of such loss or at ofin'; r'\ ''';*""!* ;'"^" r'' *« •-- '-» -•^tained hy hin., hy re.son of the original cause of acnnrespet of winch such proco.s.s. writ, order, decree, jud,.„ent, or act of the said Courts were issue.], made, dehvere.l, given, or ,lone as aforesaid, notwithstan.ling an v thing contained in anv 20 Charter granted to the said Governor and Company of A.Iventurers of^England tLrgrHZn' X. And be it further enacted, that it .shall be lawful for His Majesty, if he shall deem it Jusre:: U % ' '^^ -r " T'^'r ""' f^-""--ns to any person ol p.^.^ons to be and act ^ granted to tl.. I o„,,.any ot Adventurers of England trading to Hud.son's Bay. a.s within the Indian rerntories.d such other parts of Am-riea as .foresaid, and it shall I.e lawful for the Court in he P ovince of Lpper Canada n. any case in whic.l. it shall ap,.ear expedient to have any evi.lence taken by Co nmssion or any facts or i.ssue. or any cau.se or suit ascertain^, to i.ssue a Commission to any three or more o such Jus ices to take such evidence, and return the same, or try such issue, and for 3.) that puipose to hold C^u. ts, and to issue subp.enas or other proces.ses to compel attendance of plaintitLs seunalpu, poses ior winch such Commission or Commi.ssions had i.ssued, and with the like power and au honty as are vested u. the Courts of the said Provinces of Upper Canada ; and any oide, verdict judgment, or decree, t. at shall be made, found, declared, or published bv or befo.e any Court or Courts held under and by virtue of such G.mmissiou or Commi.ssions. shall be ^onsiderod to ife of as full cZt and enforced in like manner, as if the same had been made, found, declared, or published within he juri.sd.cfon of the Court of the .aid Province; and at the time of i.s.suing's uch Conn. is. in r Commiss,..ns shal be declared the place or places where such Commis.sion i.s to be opened and the Couiis and p.occedmgs thereunder held ; and it shall be at the .same time provided how and bv w ha 40 mca.KS the expen.se.s ot .such Commi.ssion, and the exc-ution thereof, shall he rai.sed and provided for cont I in- '\ ! '""';;'' ""' '' •'^''■''" ^' ^""^"' *■•"■ ^'"^ *''^J-^3'- -^withstanding anything V L, d ti'a 1 n'.V H 'T '" '7 ;""■ """'"' ''' ''"" "'"' ^'^^■'-■••""^ "^"'^ ^'"-P-y «f Adventurers of Lglandtiadin.toHud.sonsliay.from time to time by any Commission under the Great Seal to au honze and empower any .such persons .so appointed Justices of the Peace as aforcsai.l, to sit and hold Cou ,s o I.econl fm- the trial of criminal otfences and misdemeanors, and also of civil causes; and it shall be lawful for lis Majesty to order, direct an.l autho, ize the appointment of proper officer to ac m aid of such Courts and Justices within the Juri .diction assigned to such Courtfand Justices in a^iy smhConnnission; anything in tins Act or in a.,y Charter of the Governor and Company of the Merchant Adventurers ol England trading to Hudson's Bay. to the contrary notwithstaiKlin. 50 r^n^'JlTif"^ always, and bo it further enacted, that such Courts shall be constituted" as to th« number of Justice to preside therein, and as to such places within the said territories of the said rpptT Canada, ^,'ivcii or (loiiLs lift'ii duly I XT- ill rtuch Huit, or H I'l' a witiMisH iifoivsaid, shall two sufKeient ts, coiiditioiuHl ill, and in suck said Courts, 10 and i'uDil the 111 for any such 11' plaintiir or all have Ix'on s, in his own ' Hucli loss or ,'inal cause of 1 Courts were ained in any 20 ti) Hudson's iliall deem it )c and act as ics Iierctoforo n the Indian Court in the idenco taken ssion to any sue, and for 30 of plaintifls, ution of the e power and •der, verdict, irt or Courts IS full cflect within the nniission or led, and the md 1 ly what 40 ^ided for. ig anything k'enturers of 3at Seal, to sit and hold iscs ; and it icers to act tices in any lany of the •r. 50 I, as tn the 3l" the .said 421 Company, or ai.v I,.dian territories or oth.T parts of V,„.M, a • manner of holding the, same, as }|is Mai., tv Ml " ''" "f'"-""^"''. «"'! the times and try any ofll.nder upon any ehai ..r in ;i. ,"''' ,'',''" "' ''""""•''">• -nd direct ; i,„t .shall not or for any o.f.ne,. .'r passin, s .rten. '^ W ';'"''" '''" "'''J'"^ "' ""I'''"' P'-ni'^l-H-nt, to surter capital punish,.,,,,. ,„. 1 1 .: J " '''' '' "''^ ""^""'?^' ^ ^^i-'^^^ - cause iny ollender -'-'I. tlu- cause of such suit or ..J^^Ztt^^J^rT''' " '"' "'^ ""^' •^'^" '"'''' -' -'^' '" and in every case of anv otlence s,il.i..cti„, th ' "'"oimtor s,.n, of two hundred pounds; transportation, the Court or anv .l.i/l' f" anv "i^^l'T"'''"' "^ '''"" '" '''''"'' punishment, or 1-fore who,.ia„yHuchofle„a..;Hha!l belro^-ht Til ;'" r T "'^"''" '"' •'"■^'''■"'' "*' "'« ^'^"'''' appeal to ■jHsllljesl/hK'Juli^M'tu/i'r^ '" J'"'^'"^'"'^ «iven in any civil suit shall he sul^ect to tra,lin;r to H,„Is„„'s Ikv are !,,■ law entiti,.! ,. nl ' t,. vernor and Company of Adventurer., Hueh rights, privileges, authoritiendr, f,'"' '''''^""r^ "":''"' ^''^'''- *'''-•'-•■ ^"^ that all this Act had never been made • LytJiir th A '"' '''"""" '" "'' ^"" ^'^'^^ virtue and elf, ct, as if >'aut , anjtiimg ui this Act to the contrary notwithstandin-r. Joint AlTKNUIX. liii/uridl Stiilutm iiiul .1 rtn iif Stiitr III II ri nil nil the iinintum ii/l/ie iJoiini/iiriet. friipiiiiil Act, l-'lHM. IV., c. lili (l«L'l). CiEOltfJE R. ' To all to whom these presents shall ,me. greeting : TnJ'am? f^ Z^tlZ!! Jvi!!;::!;; iZu^rvT '"l^"'^''- " ^" ^^^ ^- -^""^''"^ ^''^ ^- wh..rein it is amongst other thin- . t" 1 1 ! ^^ T'^ "'\'"" ^^'•^*^'» '""-t^ ^'^ North America ; " l-vful for us, our ireirs or s« c s"o.-s o k V T" "" '""'"" "' ''"■'*"^''' ^«*- '^ •^^'-J'' '- s^alof one of our IVincipa IS.'cX^^^^ ""• ^^"^•'^' ^-ense, under the hand and 30 of or for ti . exclusive pi'vile^: oTi^^it w^ 't^^ hl.^' ''''T T "'"P'"^'' "'• •"^'•^"" "'■J'^-- shouldbespeeiHeilinaiysucMirants 11™. ", '" ''",'"'''' P'^''^^ ^'^ ^''"-^h America as heretofore granted to the^iovernoi In ioJZ^^^^^^^^^ not bdng partof the lands or territories and not being part of anv of our p.ov inees rN^," ^/'^^"^"'•'^'•^ f ^-''K'""-! trading to Hudson's Bav. to the United States of A.neric 1, d t, t i ' r'T"' '",' 1 ""^' '""'^^ "' *^'-"^"«« ^"^'-^inV cHectual, for the purpo.se of sec iCto^ T^ "^'""'^^'^ ■^''""'^' '"' ^"">d, valid, "and exclusive privilege o^ ti.ding win^Uif rmH:^\ ^ririr^f ''^rA " " '" ^~' '"^ ^"'^ '""' after excepted) as .should be snecilied in such C -nnt r ' , ^'"^'"C'^ (''^^^P*- as therein- of Parliament, or any law to the eon 1;,/..^ or Licenses, anything contained in anv Actor Acts that no such Crant .fr ,Ve ^se ta 1 ' '^"•' '' ^"^ '" ^'-^ -'"1 ^^t fuHher enacted, 40 leges of trading with the 1 dirn u' IT. rx^HT °''. ^"'=''*^™- "^ ->' «-h exclusive piivi^ ;or any lo.^.. period than 21 yea,: ^d z milnTl.;^;':: ::;:::^r:;lf lit! r '""^" "'•^^^^" Act.theLvernoran.iV ipa ; w^^^^^^^^ '-• '^f^- ^''« P'-ing of the said corporate, an.l ..on.panv an.rZon to wTn^ ? ." ""'''"^' '" ""^'^"^"'^ ^'^>' "'"1 -^■'7 ^"^7 -r.a.i, should rU:::/:::;'^::::::^^ ^^ ^ven i. g cers, and should also enter into such security as should be required by us for the liici'iiHe of CXt'lllHiVu tiadf to H. 15. Co. iiii.l X. W. c, is-JJ". ji'intly, !|IBk il '"^ 4S2 Lil'OlHf if t'xcluaivf truili' til H. 11. Vn. ,uhI N. W. (',,., Jointly, ItiJl, Atnlsun. ''"" "^"'•"'" "^ 'i» rrimina! procosHOR, nnd of nny civil process in anv suit wh.ro tl.e matter in .lispi.te ^-^^ Mmil exc ...1 1200, aii.l us woll witiiin ti.o territories inclu.le.l in any sucl. Cnint us « ithin tlu.s.> ^mnlu.l Im,.fr,ui ' ';>' *-'"" ''■'■ '" "'° Governor and Con.puny of A.lventuruH of Knj^'lun.l tru.lmK to Mu-lMins liuy, nnd for t!:::/Z' ""-'.P'''"'""'"'" '""' ''••''^•'•••i".^' i"t" •'•afe eust.,dy for tl.e pnrpose of trial, all persons in their on.pby, or 6,.,r,„,,,„.M. "ft"';,' nnd.r tlieir authority, who .should he fhar;,'ed with any criminal otfenoe, and nUo for tliodue nnd /AmVZ"','.'' *'''tl>»"«il "U-rvancu (,f all such rules, rejfulations iintl stipulations as should he cuntuined it. any such "'.'""' '"■ f'''''''""'. '■'""••- f'T t,'niduully dindnishin^ and ultituaiely preventing,' the sale or distribution of spnitunus ii,,uors to th.. iM.lian.,, or for pmniotinj,' their moral nnd relij,'iuua improvement; or for any other oKJeet which We mi>,d.t deem necesMuy for the remedy or prevntion of any other evils which have heen hitherto found to exist : And whereas it was also in the said Act recited, that by a Conven- 10 turn entend into between his lute Majesty und the I'nited States of America, it was stipulated and agreed, that every country on the north-west coast of America, to the westward of the Stoiiey Mount^iins should !»■ iiee and op..n to the citizens and subjects of tho two powers for the term of ten years from thediit.of the si^r.iature of thut Convention : and it was thnvfore enacted, that nothin- in the said Act contained should bo deemed or c isti ued to authorize any body corporate, c.mipany "or person to whom His Majesty might, under the provisions of the said Act. make or grant or give a License of exclusive tra !e with tie- Indians in such parts of North Am.'rici as aforcsui.l, to claim or exercise any • such exclusivo trade within the limit- specifi.'d in the said Article, to the prejudice or exclusion of any citizens of the said United States of America, who might be engaged in the sai.l trade : Provided always that no Hntish sul ject should trade with the Indians within such limits without such Grant orLicenso 20 as was by the said Act reiiuired. And whereas the said Gov.inor and Company of Adventurers of England trading into HmNon's Bay, and certain associations of persons trading under the name of the " North-west Company. (,( Mon- • treul," have respectively extende.l the fur trade over many parts of North America, which had'noti n before explored: And whereas the competition in the said trade has been found for some viars i.asi to be productive of great inconvenience and loss, not only to the said Company ami associations, but to the said trade in gemral, and also of great injury to the native Imlians, and of other persons our sub- jects: And whereas the said Uovernor and Company of Adventurers of England trading into Hu.lson's Buy, and William MUiliivray.of Montreal, in the Province of Lower Canada, es.piire, Sinmn M. ;illivray of SutFulk Lane, in the City of London, merchant, and Edward Ellice, of Spring Gardens, in the County 30 of Mid.llesex, es(iuire, have repisented to us; that they have entered into an agreement, on the 2(ith day of March last, for putting an end to the said competition, and carrying on th.; said trade for 21 years, commencing with the outfit of 1821, ami ending with the returns of 1841. to be carried on In the mime of the said ( ioveinor and Company exclusively : And whereas the said Governor P.nd Company and William M'Gillivray, Simon M'Gillivray nnd Edward Ellice, have humbly besought us to make a Grant, and give our lioyal License to them jointly of and for the exclusive privilege of trading with the Imlians in North America, under the resti-ictiims and upon the terms ami comlitions specified in the said recited Act: Now Kncw ¥!•;, That wo, beinc» desirous of encouraging tho said trade and remedying the evils which have arisen from' the competition which has heretofore existed therein, do grant and give our Royal License under the hand and seal of 40 one of our Principal Secretaries of State, to the said Governor and Company, and William M'tJillivray, Simon M'Gillivray, ami Edward Ellice, for the exclusive privilege of trading with the Indians in all such parts of North America to the nortliward and westward of the lands and territories belonging to tho United States of America as shall not form part of any of our provinces in North America, or of a'ny lands or lliam full or tcrrit<.ries belonging to tho said United States of America, or to any European governient, stat power ; and we do by these presents give, grant and secure to the said Governor and Company! Wili M'Gillivray, Simon M'Gillivray, and Edward Ellice, jointly, the sole and exclusive privilege, for tho period of 21 years from the date of this our Grant, of trading with the Indians in all such parts of North America as aforesaid [except as thereinafter excepted] ; and we do hereby declare that no rent shall be require.! or demanded for or in respect of this our Grant and License, or any privileges given thereby -q for tho said period of 21 years, but that tlie said Governor and Company, and the said William M'Gil- " livray. Simon MGiilivray, and Edward hliice shall, during the period of this our Grant and License ''',„!, ;<■«..,' .».!, .0 .si.~n:M;;;i,it;;'::,::K:^:::';2,.t!,;'': ■:" "■-r- ""•', ''^■""'■•'"•' -"•' """•- ''■^■■•" '- 'S^- ..r the lTniU..l States of Au.eri a wl o „ av l^ 7 r T' '"' '"'"J"''"''-' "■• ^"'^'"■^'"" "^ -^ ..iti.ens ^<' -lyeets other tl,an a„,l el^ ^ S ^ZS^ ^d r^""' '"''^ ^ l''":'''"^' '^'^^"^'^ ^'"^' "'> '^''^i^^' Si.non M'Gillivray. an,l E.i.aJ Klhco and m T^' "^"^^ '''" •'^'^''' ^^''"i'^'" AnMllivray, o« an..., .„.„ .,L. .. u,„ ...ar-;;^:;:,;r- -;:;--:;s:z':;:L;::r '^ "■'■■• By His Majesty'a coimnaiid, i'ATIirRST. NEW LICENSE OF EXCLUSIVE TRADE TO THE HUDSON S BAY COMPANY :;— ■ ::.%=.^T;jir=z,r.,«z;-S' ■■> ViCTOR.A. by the Grace of Go.1, of the United Kingdon of Great Britain an.l Ireland Queen, Defender of the Faith. Ireland, To all to whom these Presents shall come, greetin- -^p^'^^'l^l^^ -e ..and second year of ..._ His said Majesty, h.^s heirs or 1 to 'k' I I '"""'' .r"' "" ''''' '' ■^'"'"'•' ^^' '-^•'•"' ^r '"'^■' '''''■ hand and seal of one of His or ^r Pr n p 1 sXtl t;'"/irV'': '"' '''f ^"'^"' ^^'-"-' "'^J- ^he 40 or person or persons of or for the LVl^ ^ ^^''^'^^'''f »f ^^tate, to any IhkIv corporate or con.panv North A„.erica as ^:!^^^^^:^ '::^Z:^ ^-'•"^' -''^ ^'-' '"^ia- in all such pa'rtsTf lands and territories theretofore gr ntll o j" LT 77 ^P-^i-'-V. -t being part of the trading to Hudson Bay and not heZvI. f r r, '^ < -mpany of A.lventurers of En-dand or territories he,ongin^;:;Hc:^S|^::Z:^';,^^^ good, valid and effectual for the purpose of sec rtrto^i ! 1 ^"""''^ ^"^ ^''''^'' '*^'""''' ^e the sole and exclusive privilege of trad r" wit fe Jn ian l"" r'"''""'" "^ ^"'"l'^'"-"- o'' Po-sons. as thereinafter excepted) as should 1 In "T • '" *''" '"""'' P'^''^ *'*' ^'^'"'■*'' America (exceot or Acts of Parliamen o Inv law to H ' T '" "'" T''^ •^•' "'=''"^"'' ^">-"''"« '^^"^-n-' '» any Ac sue), .rant or WoZb^Zx *V -'""^''''■^ notwithstanding; and it was further ennet..! that n ! aiaui. ui I'fonse made or civen bv His sniii Mo;,.of,r u: \ • -"-»'<''i, mat no dfe 4:! 424 A.;!X,x. ^''-'" f"7"-V lonjrcr peno.l than 21 years. a,..l that no rent slmnl.l bo mp.ircl or ,lo.,mn.lo.I f..r or in f,nnrr,a, f f ' '^^"/''^ ^[^^ I'«""■ --I'^'-tor license should he n.ade or ,iL alafoLid. ^ '--• , H,s pect.vely keep acc.irate re^rsters of all persons in their en.ploy in any parts of North An.eriea N..w,i;7n.. «•" •';1"-'''J ""- .neaeh>ear return to the IVineipal Secretaries of State ac'curate duplicates of such u'ji:.t";r T" "' "'."•:^''""''' ,'^'- r;"^''" """■^'"•'' -'•-"■ity as, should he required for the due execution of nil ^Ci^' -cesses cnnunal and c,vda« well within the territories in.-h I wi.hin any such ..ant, as within ■ .ult t '■ . *''V "■^".■""'■. ""' ''"'"'""'y "*• A'Jventurers of Kn jand tnulin, to Hudson 10 ba.N and to, the produc.n. or de hvern.^ ,nto safe custody, for the purpose of trial, all persons in their the .lue ..nd fa.Lhful observance of all such rules, re^n.Iations an.l stipulations as should be containe.l in any such .rant or l.cense, e.ther lor .n.dually diudnishiu,. and nltin.atelv preventing the sale or dis- tnbut.on ot spn-.tuous I„,u,.rs to the Indians, or f..r pron.otin,. their n.oral Ld reli.i^.s iu.proven.ent. o, or any o her object winch nn^ht be decn...! necessary for tho renu-dy or prevention o any othe evdswh,chhad h.therto been found to exist: And whereas it was in the saill Act recited, that by . convent.on entered .nto between ll,s sai-l late Maj..sty and the Unite.! States of A„u.ri..a. it was stipu- late.! and a^reeotha every country on th.- north-west coa.ts of Anieriea to the w..stwanl .,f the Sto iey Mountains should be f re an.l op,... to tl,.. citixc.s an.l subj-.^ets of the tw., powe,-s for the term of ten yea.^ 20 fro., the .la. .of he s.^..atu,-e of that convctio.. ; an.l it was th..ref...e e,.act...I. that n-.thin.M . the saul Act c.mta.,u,.I sh.,u d bo deen.e.l or o..„stnu.l to anth..rize a,,y b..^^ to who... Ihs sn.,1 Majesty ,..„ht, u..der the p....visions ..f the sai.l Act. n.ake or ..aut oJ .d^e a ieense oiexeh.s,ve ..ade w.th tl... mi.ans ,n such pa.-ts ..f North An,e,.i..a a.s af..,vsai.l, to clai.?. or ..xerci so any .such exclus.ve trade w.th.n the lin.it. specified in the sai.l article, to the pn.ju.lice or exclusion of any c.t.zens ol t he sa..l l...t...l Stat., of A...e.i..a who ,..i,d.t 1. en,a,..l in' the sai.l tra.ie ; with a provso. that no Hnt.sh sulyect .shoul.l fa.le with the h.dians within such limits without such grant or license as was by the said Act rcjuiri..!. (,'**ut or A,..l whereas by an i..strnn.ent un.ier the han.l an.l seal of the Ri^ht Hono.able Ea rl Hathurst tl...n„ne ..t H.s sa,.l late Majesty s Secretanes of State, an.l date.l the Cth day of Decen.ber, 1821 after 30 n.c.t,n, there,,., as or to tl... .;ti....t af.nvsaid, an.I also .-eeiti,,. that the sai.l •(;....,■,.,.• an.l i'on.pany of A.lv..nturenj of Kn.laml .-a.!.,., to Hudson Day, and cctain associations of p.....,ns t,-a,lin,. ....dcr'^^he T "r V ;;' ^'"-''V^^^t ;"?'T "• *'""^'-^"''-" '"^'' ••^^peetivoly exten.le.l the fur t.a.Ie over n.any pa,l.s of North An.er.c,. wh.ch l.a.l not b.-..,. befon- expl.„-e.l, an.l that the c..n.p..titi.,„ in the sai.l tra.Ie h.t.l been ..un.I, for .son... y.-a.-s tl...,. past, t., be p.-o.luctive of ..eat i..co,.ve,.i..nc.. a,..l lo.ss. ,.ot ..nly to the .sa.. I o,..pa,.y an.l a,s.soc.at.on,s, but t., the .said t,-a.le in ^encal. an.l also of ..eat inimy to\ho nat.^e I...l,ans an.l ..f o, er p.....s,.n.s H.s sai.l Maj..stys subjects ; an.l that tho said U..yer„or and (W pany of A,lv..ntu,ers t.ad.n. to Hu.lson liay ; a,.,l Wiilia.n Mliillivav. of Mont,Tal. i„ ,1... lVovi,.,-e of L..w..r ( ,u.a.la, lvs,u..c; S„..on M'tJillivay. ..f Sutfolk-iane, in the City ..f i.on.lon, n-.-chant ; and K.lwar.l Kl I..... of Spr.,.,-,a.dens .n the ('....nty of Mi,l.lles..x. K^ui.e; l.a.l ,vp,-e,sentu.l to Hi said 40 Majesty that they h.i.l entcv.! .nto an a,,.,ee,..ent. on the -(Jth .lay .,f Ma.ch last, f.,r putti,.,, a,. ,.,,.1 to the .sa,.l co„.pet.t.on. and can-yin.r .,„ the .sai-l t.-a.ie f..r twenty-o..e yea.s, ..............ci,!. witC the outfit of IMJl, a,..l..,.d„., w.th the ,.,.u.-ns of, he outfit of ISH.tobe , ar,i...l .,„ i„ the ,"a.ne of the sai (.ove,-n...-,.n,l(..,..pa,.y,.x..l,.s.v..|,.^ S„n.,n M „ll.yray an.l blwanl Ml„.e l.a.l h.nnbly h,.so.,.ht His sai.l late Maj..sty t., n.ak- a -^raut a^ul ,nve H.s Uyal Iwcense t., then, jo.ntly of an.l f.,r the exclu.sive privilc,.^ of "trading with tl.; LuhIh ... N..,. h A.n..,.ca. ,.n.h-r the ,.....str.ct.ons an.l up..,, tl... te,-n.san.l ..o,.,li,i,.„s specifie.l in the .sai.l recited Act. l.ssa,.l late Maj...sty. Inung .h.s„.ou,s of encou,.ag,ng tho sai.l t.a.l... an.l .•en.,.,h i,... the evUn wh.e I. ha-l ar,sen r..,., the c.,mp,t,t.o„ whi.h l.a.l tl.e.et.,lbro exist.>.l ti.e.ein, .li.l ,dve-an.T g,.„„f , L K..ya L.cens... uu.l..r the l.a,..l an. .seal of on.; of I.is F-rinc;;.! Scc,.ta,i..s of State, to the said tloverno 50 and ..n.pa.y. an.l W ,1 i.a.u M (J.ll.y,ay. Si,.,,,,. Mciilliv.ay an.l K.hvanl Kllic. f..r M JJZ p,v,!ogc.nftr.d,ngw,ththe Indmn. u. all such pa.U of Nu,ti. An.enca to the ,.o,tl.w„,-.l an.l to'tL 425 westward of the said lands 11.1,1 K.i...;f • . ■ . fonn part of any of Hi. .aid M,^::;^^. i:'-: ^::;;: 'J"''' «tate. of A.„on..a, as s,.....ld not J>nK.", t., ,1.0 said IJnitcl Statol of' Anw-rin r U^" r ''"'"""::"• "^ '»">' '-'^ ">• t-ritorics bo- H.ssa.d lato Majostv did als„ .iv. and .'. ' ' '''"''•I'""" nu.n,, slat. .„• pouvr • and ^lllK-nod of o,,,a,.. ft.on.,1 a., of ^J^^tJt^^^^^^ I-iviloge. for tl.e North An,.ri.a as aforosaid (r^vvH „. ,1„. i. f. t.adn.^r w,th the Indians in all sndi parts of ; ould 1.0 ro.,uir..dor d.na 7' Zt::!^:' ^^^T'^' '^^'^ '''•' ^herel-y d.Har,. that :^: ''--''.V for said period of 21 y,ars \nil^ZT U' '""'"' "'"^ ""■"^"' '"• ""V P'ivih'.'e.s .ivc iO udson ija, and tl. said U^ ; 'l^^ ^ ! ^;^;1 r;-';:-""' ^'-l-y -r Advontl^rs t;.,;^ t^e,.eno.l of that ,rant and li.ons., k..,. ac^-ato' " L' • T' '""' ' ''^""'' '^'""•"' ^'"""''^ ''"^nji <.f North AnK.ru.a. an.l should once i„ oa h >oa n„ r f H ir""" '" "'"''• ^""'"'">' '■" «".v part^ >iupheat.s of snch r...is,ors, and -ntn- uJ^^^^'rf M,,estys S.or.-tary of Sta,.- a^.urato "" l-onty over the servants and persons in 1 i^^'r ^ , . '''7" ""^'''^ '^>' '"• -^ ^'"'.v could l.y their and of every civil proeess in any suit where h \S^'i^ V VTT'' "'" '^" "-'-"'l I"o«.s. and pensc^s legally en.p...,,,, ,i ,.,,„.„. snel -o ::^' V ..i r^;;^.^':^" .r':"""! ^^"O. ''y <>!" ollicer; and for the producing, or .ieliverinjj into cuso.lvfo;. ""'■'■''"''''" '•''■''''''^^•' "' ^'"'^ "••fn- under their authority within t o sai ' ' ''T "' *'"^' "" I'"''^""'* '" ♦'"•ir en.ph.v or 20 of;en.,and His said A^U-^ di.U^r'; , rtul;;: H t'"''' ' ^""•^^■' ^^'^'' ^">- -''^"^ AK^.lhvray. Sin.on ArtJiMivray and lOdJud i e 1 ,, lla "^"^"T '"'' (•.•".p-my. and Willian. '"";■■ >""'<" and suhn.it for His said Majesty^s u sitm '. "i"" " '"', ""'" •"'"'•' '"^ — "i^'ntly '"■•""• ...ana.enu.nt and earrvin. on of thf a V: '. "'' 'M'i"';-'''. ^-h-I- -uies and n.^ulations r-s.>ns en.ployed l,y then. thH-ein. as nd.d ■, t . M " U '"•"•••-•""'• ^''^^ -"■• p.-;entin, the sale or distribution ol ^^^uSnXl^ ^^f ^T'^ '" '"" •■"-'-^' ^'- •■i."i"i«hin« and rel.,,ous in.proven.ent ; and His said A a "t - h . ', "i ^"■^\""' '""'■ f""'"""^"'-^ ^'"'i'- '■'-al au.ed should bo deen.ed or construed to u ^.i ; , '! j 1 ' ''"' -"'i"^ i" that „....,, eon- M (.. luray, S.n.on M'CJillivray and Kdward Kilie .- , . ""T- '"'' ^''""'""'■^■' ■•""' ^^'"'i'"" any trade with the In.iia,.s on the north-west 1; ' A ' l "\"""'' ""'''">• *" ^■'"''" '"• '•X'Tcise 30tau.s, to the p.-judiee or exelusion o a:v^ it^.s flrT^'V'" "''^'^"''•'' '"'^ ''''' ■^'""'•y Moun- enga,ed.n the said trade; and providi... a s,/ v 1. J r. •'•"""' '"^T *"' ^'"""•'™ ^ '■"^''■^ '- tl.an and exeept the said Governor and Con., a v and "^'^.r"'' '^''' "" '''■'^'■^'' -''i-ts .„l.er -' K.lwanl Klliee, and the persons ali,: : t " 'r" ' '" l ^':'';"^ -3'' «""- i-Uilliv..^ i"t.-^sts of the said .-illian. M'lldrrr'Ui::' m'^;;,;:::; "'"fr;' - :"^""-'^- ^^O "- .■>.).. and K.-ant. and the said Ciovernor and V pany •; 1 ' i'""' ''•'"'"■' '•^"'-' -""'•■■■ tl-e said reeited «a. ,rant and in eonsideration therco to na^.^ ^ . ,'"'"-''' "^ ^" '^-''^ ^ -.Tender of the '""' autl.or.,y of. and for the like evelusive rivil f • '"'' """' ^""' ^" ""''" "'"• li'>^■aI f-i.vnse 40 tl.0 like period, and upon sin.ilar l^ZZ^Zf'T' "'''• "'" ^"'""^"^ '" ^•"^•' '^""■'i- W cted ,rant Now. know ye. that in eo.I ,:!';: r!' :''""'':' """' '•'"'"-• ^« '" ^'^ -i'^ - and being desin.us of eneoura.n,,,. the sai.l truol ^'""""l^'r nmde to us of the said recited .^ant U.e evils .uentioned or refer.-H U> in tl . t-U :tS'T7 "^ """" "^ ^^"^^"''" '^ — '--^ '.ere.na ter reserve.l to us : We do hereby gra ..u" ^uTl" '" '" ^""'r''"'^^'"" "^ ^'^ >'-'y -nt of our Piincipal Secretaries of State to tj e sai 1 ( """"■ ""''"'" ^''" '"""' "'"" «"al of one exclusive privilege of tn.db.g with U.^ ,: ' • ^r'^,:: r^^T'v '^;;'^' '''- '^^—' ^^ *^^' and to the westward of the lands and te..rito..ies d ,. ' ' r: ^T? .^""■^'-- ^° ^''" "'""'ward not fonn par of any of our provinces in North An.e i«'' ' ' , " .^^T '"'"" "^ ^''"'''''' '" ''»"■'" sa>d l.uted States of Au.eriea. or to anv Kuropea , t r.; ' 1 / /""'•" '"' '^''^''''^''' '"■'"''«'"K to the a.s u.re.nafter .nentioned : An.l we do" by th se .ts .t " ' V"' T''' '"' ""'J"^^ --.theless mill ( '..•,,•,.. 1.1 • J i'"-«u piesents L'lve. Lrranf nn,! o i .i .... >vemor .(dlNT ArpKNiiix. Si'c. \'. fin/u rial .S'^l/«^Jl anil Aria „f St.ilr tiiariiiiKin Mr ■/•ii.iliuni,fthe Ji iiiiiloriiii. XfW lii'crini' <>t oxcluHivi' tnwii. to II. r.. C,..;iotl, May, 18a«. 50 tlie ilate of tl lis our grant, of trad L'xclusiv( (except as hereinafter mentioned)." And ing with the Indians in all suel privilege, for the full 54 wu do hereby declare, that 1 parts of North A Jieriod of 21 years from no rent .shall be nien.a, as aforcsni re(|uire(l or 11 ri 4S6 rf! Joint appkniiix. Sec. V. Imi't rial StatutfK and Aett iif Stiile I'uinnij on the qlinitinnnfthe Jlimnilariet. New Lioeime of cxc'Iiiiiive tnidctn II. U. C(..,;iOth M»y, 1838. i.iun.led for or in respect of thi.s our grant an.l li.ense, or any privileges given thereby, for the first four years, of the sai.l term of '-'I years ; ai.-l we do hereby re.serve to our.selve.s, our heirs and .succes.sors for the remainder of the said term of 21 years, tlie yearly rent or sum of n.s. to be paid by the 'said Ciuvernor an.l Company, or their .successors, on the first day of June in every year, into our Exchequer on the aceouiit of us, our heirs ami suece.ssors ; and we .lo hereby declare, that the sai.l (Jovernor and Company, an.l their succe.s.sors, shall, during the period of this our grant and license, keep accurate registers of all persons in their employ in any j.arts of North America, and shall once in each year return to our Secretary of State accurate duplicates of such registers; an.l shall also .>nter into and give security to us, our heirs and successors, in the penal sum of 5,000i., for ensuring, as far as in th.'.n may he, or as they can by their authority over the servants an.l persons in their employ, the .lue e.xeeuti..n 10 of all criminal an.l civil processes by the officers an.l persons legally empowere.l to execute such pro- cesses within all the territories included in this our grant, and for the pro.hiein.' or .leliverirur i„to custo.ly for the purposes of trial all persons in their employ or acting under their .authority witldn the sai.l territories who shall be charge.l with any criminal offence ; an.l we do also hereby require that the .said CJovernor and Company, ami their succes.sors, shall, as .soon as the same can be conveniently done, make and submit for our consideration an.l approval such rules and regulations for the manage- ment an.l carrying on the sai.l fur tra.le with the Indians, and the conduct of the oer.sons employed l.y them therein, as may ai)p.;ar t.. us to be effectual for .liminishing or preventing the sale or distribution of .spirituous liquors to the In.lians, and for pr..m..ting their moral and religious improvement- but we do her,.by .leclare, that nothing in this our grant contained, shall be deemed or construed t.. authorize 20 the .said Governor an.l Company, or their successoi^, or any pensons in their employ, to claim or exercise any trade with the In.lians on the North-west coast of America to the wcstwaid'of the Stoney Moun- tains, to the prejudice or exclusion of any of the subjects of any foreign states, who, under or by force of any convention for the time being between us and such foreign states, respectively, may be entitled to an.l shall be engaged in the same tra.le ; provided, nevertheless, and we do hereby declare our pleasure' to be, that nothing herein contained shall extend or be construed to |.revent the establishment by us our heirs or successors, within the territories aforesai.l, or any of I'lem. of any colony or colonies' pr.)vince or provinces, or for annexing any part of the aforesai.l territories to any existing colony or colonies to us, in right of our Imperial Crown, bel.)nging. or for constituting aiiy such fbrm of civil government as to us may seem meet, within any such colony or colonies, j-rovince or provinces : 30 An.l w.. .lo liereby re.serve to us, .)ur heirs and successors, full power an.l authority t.T revoke these presents, ..r any part thereof, in so far as the .same may embrace or extend to any of the t.riitoricss aforesaid, which may hereafter be comprised within any colony or col.mies, province or provinces as aforesaid : It U'ing. nevertheless, liereby declared, that no British subjects other than and except the said Governor an.l C.jinpany, and their successors, an-l the persons authorized to carry on exclusive tra.le by them, shall trade with the Indians during the perio.l of this our grant within the limits afbresai.l or wifliin that part thereof which shall not bo comprised within any such colony or province aforesai.l. Uiven at our Court at Buckingham Palace. 30th day of May, 1838, By Her Majesty's command. Olenelo. 40 if Covenant by the Hudson Bay Company for pKRFonMANOR or the Conditions of the New LicK.ssE OK SOrit May. isns. HiKl.,>n-.R,.y , ^^''"^^''''a''^ "^r Majesty hath, by an instrument under the l>an.l and seal of the Secretary of Slate cZIZh,r ! " Jr-'i'owrabl.. Charles, Lord Glenelg, bearing ev..,, .late herewith, grante.l an.l given Her Royal iK-rfonna,,.-,. Li'icHse to US, tho Covern.)r an.l Company of A.lv.ntiuers of Knglan.l. tra.ling int.) Hu.Ls.m Bay and ule'Lrmh ""'■ s'"-<-'*«'^<"^- the exclusive; privil.>ge of tra-ling with the In.lians in all sueh parts of North Americano the M»y. im north wanl and to the westwar.l of the lands and territories bel.)nging t.. the Unite.l States of America as shall not form part of any of Her Maj..sty's provinces in North Ani.-ri.-.v, or any lands or territoriea r.o belonging to the United Sutes of America, or to any European government, state or power, and hath " F THE New 427 eense, or any pnvile.es ,,ive„ thereby. J he fi't t •' ''" '" ''"^'"' "^ ""' ""' ^"""^ "' '^""'"'•'''' thereby re>erve.l t., Her iraje.stv her ZL ^"''"' "' *'"^^ ■'^^''* t^'"-"' "^ 21 y^ars and hath ^''"'"^ 21 year, the yearly -t of 5^ ^J'h ^ 7^ r'tC::;:"^" ^^^ "'" T^'"''' "^ thL.i.i :H ';r!i ^^^l^: >n the l.st day of J.„.e in every year into Her Mai .T fl"'"' '"'' ^'""''"">' '^'"' "»'• --'e-orH '"""^:^"- hen-.s an.l .sncee.s.s,.r.s: We, therefore the ,1 n^ ^' ''^'''^'"^'l""^^'-. o" account of Her Majesty he; ^'^f '"'" ""' 10 tjuding into Hudson Bay .i;. he:^^;";.^:^!^;;;:^"'' ^'f ^""'""^ "^ ^••^-^"'•'- "'^ ^la^ -?-""' ;'.all yearly and every yea, and on • ^/st 1 JI:::^ ""' °'f •^"'='^^---^- ^''"^ - -'-' tlu,- --^ our years of the said tonn of 21 years, and t eXth duri "'m " ''• "" '^'^' ^''•"''•^"- ««" ^''^ «-t ^'^^'' '^^ hcenso. pay or eause to he paid th.^said yearly rent !' tZl '''r:"^'".»-'"™ "^ '»- -i'l «rant and of Her Majesty, her heirs and successors and timt we* an In '"'"'^ '^ Kxchc.uer, and on account «a.d ,.ant and license keep accurate re.d"! JaTl ' " successors sha- 1, durin. the period of the parj. of North Anxerica. an,] shall once in ach V a efurnT iT^ m^"^ ^^ "'^ '' "" ''"-•'-"- - -.y cluplK.ates of such registers ; and we. the sai^G. v" no^^'l ■ '^TV ^'^'^"""> "^ «^'^^« --'-'« successors in the penal sun. of 5.000 .. that we w 1 ^fa 'l'"'' "^V""'^ ''"^ °"'-'-« -''^ -" all crnnmal and civil processes l.y thL offices Ind' nor^^ .'" "^^ '"'^ ''"' '^"•''""'' ^'"' ^^'"^ ^«^'<^ution of 20 w,thin all the territories, for the time lei^rh |. d | i, U "' T' ""^"^'^"'' "" '^"^-"^^ --'' P''-- anto safe custody for the purpose of tria Fl pt , . ';r:f ^'"-"^^ -"1 .^^ ^'^ P-lucing or .lellvering t .e sa.d territories who may he changed wi . Tv f "C"^' •"•"^^'"" "»''''•'• "ur authority within that we will, as soon as the'san,e e t co e^ tlTZe /"r"' S '"",' ^" '^ ''''^ ''"''^''>- -— ^ approval of Her Majesty such rules and re.ulat io .. th ' ' '"' ''"^'"'' '° *'"« consideration and trade, and the conduct of the persons employ d;.. I, ^"r"''-'''^ '^•"' -"^'n, on the said fur be most efectual for gra.lually .iin.iniihi.l a .V IH at ,/ ep.ntuous liquors to the Indians, and for promo in. h^ Preventmy the sale or distribution of the seal of the said CWpany. the ^mulTTuly^ m,' "' ""'^'""^ i.nproveu.e„t. Witnesa g^ ^O'-J^rof the Governor and Committee. Sealed under the common .n..i f.i ■ i- ^' ^ ^"^™' ^^'^^^nt-Secretary. wniian. Gregory ^^z:'::^;!^:::^;^ r' ^«"'^-^' -' '^^^ ^ duly ,,Uunped in the presence of. ^' *'"''"''"' '" '''«'^ ^'^'^^^ ''"'1 appointn.ent. being fira^ Thomas Crosse. Threadneodle Street. Solicitor. IMPERIAL ACT. 3 & 4 VIC. CAP. 35 (1840)-THE UNION ACT Ak Act to re-i/nite the Pkovlvces or TTppkk av.. rlw. n or C,^';,;J"^^^" ^^'^^"^- ^'"^ ^0« THE G0VKn.V.M..VT 40UppJS:;::r,!rS.:f;:^!;::r^^ «-^ ^ovemm.. of the Provinces ofI.n.H. Ao. the interests of all ch.ses of Her Majesty^s 3 ^ ^ n^^,: '"' "" T''!"* '^'"^ ''^-^-'-^ -<' P-'-te l^^' expe,i,ent that the .H.^i.1 Provinces be re-united «dor. P ■""•'" ' ^"'' ^''^''•^"" *« ^'''^ ^•"■> it i. Government and le,idation; Be it enac.::! ^ I'g^ C M.^rr^l.'': "^^^ .^^^^^^^ ^^ ^--tive advice and consent of the Lords Spiritual and 'llmprl ^^ ' ' '^V' ''^ ""'' ^-*'' ^'- aa-smh ed.and by tho authority of the san.e Tha f i'l I ^""T'^r'" ''"'^ P"'""'^ J'-"-"-* of fc-r Privy Council, to declare, or to author!., h G v i " ', t "'" '''^•'''^^>'- -'^'' ^''« -'vice ) .1 mu,i i ruL.anmtioii to be appo ntod which dav shnl! i •»! 'I ''-""'"■ and aUer a certain JolKT Appkniux. S.V, V. JmfiiTuil Slatiitet and Artf <>/ .State hrariinjoH the ijmntutn of the JUntmtarii'S. 428 an.l tlu-ricoforth tho sai.l Pr n-incos shall onstituto a»d bo one Province, under the name aforesaid upon from, aii.l after th-; day so appointed as aforesaid. [The other sections omitted, as not alFuctinf,' the (luestion.] BOUNDARY DESCRIPTIONS IN IMPERIAL (COMMISSIONS TO GOVERNORS OF CANADA, 1840-I84G. ConiiiiiHHinns totliivrmiirg i>f Caniula, 18-K)1S4«. 29TII ArousT, 1840. Cii.VKLKs, B.uioN- ^ymsnKyx,-Captain-aeneral anti Governor-in-Chlcf of the Province of Canada* Our Province of Cana.la, comprisinp: Upp,.,- (.'a„ada an.l Lower Canada, the former i,.in.r hounded 0.1 the east .y a line .hvidin- it fn.m Lower Canada, commencing at a stone boun.huy on "the north bank of Lake St. Francis, at the cove west of the Pointe an Baudet, in the limit between the Towi.ship 10 of Lanca.steramltheSei,irneurieof New L.ngueuil, runnin- alonj,' the said limit in the direction of north tlm-ty-four .legrees West to the western.uost angle of the said S^igneurio of New L.mffueuil, thence along the north-western boundary of the Seigneurie of Vaudreuil, running north twenty-five degrees East, until it strikes the Ottawas River, to ascen.l the .said river int., the Lake Ten.i.sean.in-^ by a Ime drawn . ue n..rth fn.m the heail of the sai.l lake until it reaches the slmre of Hu.lsons Ikv^and being b,n.n,ied.m the .south, beginning at the sai.l .stone b.mn.lary between Lancaster and L.m-ueuil ;.' *'"-' f^'^l^^' '^' '•''•■"'^•'^ tl"' J^'ver St. Lawrenc.!, the Lake of the Tlmu^ui.! I.sland.s, Lake Ontark, the River Niagara, which falls [lea.l.s] into Lake I'rie, an.l along the mi.ldle of tliat lake ; on the west by the Lhanne of Detroit, Lake St. Clair, up the River St. Clair, Lik.. Huron, the west .shore of Drum- mond Islan.l, that of St. Joseph and Sugar Island, thence into Lake Superior 2U [The two following Commissions contain Boundary line descriptions similar to that of i>9th August 1840.] ° ' 24tu FEnuuARy, 1843. Sir ChaM-ES TuEOPHtLU,s UETcJihFK.-Captain.aeueral and Oovemor-in-Chief of the Province of Canada.^ 16rH Maucii, 1846. CuAui.KsMuiuUY,EAULCATUCART,-C'.//,, Eaui. of Elgin and KisvK\imsv.,~Cai>lai,i-G,'neral and Governor- in-Chief of t lie Province ^^q of Canada.^ Our said Province of Cana-la, comprising Fpper Cana.la an.i Lower Cana.la, the f.,rmer being bound...! ..n the east by the line divi.ling it fn.m Lower Cana-la, commencing at a stone boim.larv on the n.irth bank of the lake St. Francis, at the cove west of the l',.inte au Baudet, in the limit between the luwnship ..f Lan..a.ster an.l the .Seigneurie of New Longue.iil, running al-.ng the said limit in the directmn of north, 24 degiees West, to tlio westernmost angle .,f th.. s.-thl .Seigneurie of New Longueuil thence ah.ng the north-west,,-., boundary of the Seigneurie ..f Vau.in.uil, running north 25 dcn-ees East until It strik.'s the Ottawas River, t,. av.nd ih.; .said river into the Lake Temi.sc.ming, bv a iCi.. .Irawn due north fr..m the head of the sai.l lake until it n-aches the siu.re of Hu.l.son's Bav ; nn.i being bounded "!L l!""^''' '^'*f'""'"« *^ ^''" '""'J »^»o boundary between Lancaster and Longueuil, by the Uke S* » IhUI. Fol. 188. 7 Lit5. .lA. Ciiiniiuioiin, t\A. iiOo. I Lib. A8, C«mmi»»ion», Ac, Fol. 141. § Ibid. K..I. 207. 30 rsaid, upon S OF ^ Ijoiinded tlio north Towr.sliifi '0 rection of jongiRMiil, k'onty-five aniin;,', by Bay; ami Noii^'llellil itario, the I west by uf Drum- 20 1 August, n't nee of Canada. I Province 39 pr lieing iilary on hut ween it in the iiiyut'uil, ee.s East drawn hounded 42!) Francis, the River St. Lawren.e, the Lake of tho Thousand Islands. Lake Ontario, the River Nia-nra Lake Lne, and alon- the ndddle o( that lak ■ ; „„ the we.st, hy the Channel of Detmit, Lake St Clair up the Iliver St. Cla.r, Lake Huron, th.,- wst ,sh,u. „f Dr.nnn.ond Island, that of St. Joseph and Su-ar Island, thence into Lake Superior. The .sai.l Province of Lower (.'..lada l.ein- hounded hy the adjacent Frovincoof Upper Cana.la, and the boundary line between the .said two Provinces, nnuncin"- at a stone boun.lary on the north hank of the I.ake .^t Kraneis, at the cov west of the Pointe an Bmidet. in the hmit between th.. township of Lancaster and the .Sei^meurie of New Lonj,'ueui!, runnin- alon" the sai.l hunt m the direction of north .'{4 degrees West, to the westernmost angle of the said SeLmeurie ot New Longucuil, thence along the north-western boiuulary of the Seigneurie of Vaudreuil, running' 10 nortl. 2;. degrees Last until it strikes the Ottaw.-.s Uiver, to ascen.l the .said river into the Lak.- Ten.is" cnming: and which :sai.l Province of Lower Oana.ia is also bounded by a line .Iruwn due north from the head of the ,sjud lake until it strikes the shore of Hu.l.son's Bay. .foivr .\l'l'K.\lllX. S.f. V. iHifirrinl Sliiliitix mill Art.< „f Sliilr III II riiiij,,,, llif iliiintiim itftht HiiiiiiftiirieMt liiilKiial CoiiiiniHriiiinH tn Ciivi'rilolA .n.„ """=•: "' ''"* ^'^'''''f ^vitli oHoet, an,i we do ordain ud declare that the said David And-rson so by us t!:!:/Z^ ""'"mated and app,,inted. after having been ordained and consecrated thereunto a.s ufore.aid, uJ, by t^'^ZZZ ''■•?,"" ' , ? .'''•'""''^""■'"' '^'"1 '^""■'^'^'•'•ation into vn.l possess the sai.l bishop's see as bishop thereof. Hou.„i.,n„. «'^''""-' ^'t "'• mipednuent from us, our iieirs and successors, for the t«rni of his natural life subject I..tt..r.Fut..„t "'-'verlheless, to the right of resignation, hereinafter more particularly expressed ; moreover we will'and" J;;.-;.":!"if,.,','."' -"f '■>' '"-"'• r''''''\ ^'"^^ ''"-' •^'^''' fi'^''"? "f *'"P"-f« Land sl.all be a body corporate, and ,io ord lin. ^ili:::'' ;;"7V" ':T''''^' ^"^ ^^ " ^'''P"^"'-' ^■^'•P-'-ation, and to have perpetual succession, and -. hat he and h,s successors be for ever, horoafter, called or known by the name or title of the 10 Lor, ..shop of Ruperts Land, and that he and hi. succes ors by the nan.e and title afore.sai.l shall be able and capable in the law and have full power to ...urchase, have, take, h.dd and enjoy manors, n.essuages. lands, rents, tenements, annuities an.l here.Maments of what nature or kind soever, ... fee and .n perpetuity, or for a term of life or years, an.l also all manner of goods, chattels an. things personal whatsover, of what nature or value soev.r; ami that he and hi,: successors by an.l un.ler the sai.l name or title, may prosecute, claim, plea.t and be imp.: ade.l. .lefend an.l b. .lelen.led. answer ami be answercl in all manner of courts, of us, our heirs and successors and else^vhero n, an.l upon all an.l singular causes, actions, suits, writs an.l deman.ls, real an.l persoiiu! n.l mixcl a,s well spiritual as temporal, an.l in all other things, causes and matters wh.i. oever ; .km -liat the said Bishop of i^.uperts Lan.i, and his successors, shall an.l nmy for ever hereafter have and us.- a coroorate <^o seal. an.l the sai.l seal fn.m time to rime, at his an.l their will an.l pleasure, break, change, uifer ormako ' anew as he or they shall ,ieem expe.li.rM ; and we do further by <',ese presents ..r.lain' that it .hall bo c.mpetent to the Bishop, fn.m time to time, to s.dect. any suitable church aheadv er.cted. or wimh may hereafter be erecte.: within the iimits of - Kur. v.. U„d" to be used as hi; eathe.lral cborch . at I we .urther onlain and declare that the .said Biso;c of Buperi-, Luvd and his successors shall be subject and subor. .nate to the Archbishop of Caatevbrirv and his ..ccessors ; an.l we do fur- ther wid and onlain that every Bishop of Rupert", lami ,^11 take an oath of obe.lienco to the .V .hb.shop o Canterbury, for the ti.u. boi^, i« his :Metrop.,liUu. which oath shall and may be ministered by the .sai.l Archbish.,n. or by nny other pers..n by him .luiy app.,inte.l or auth..ri/.e.l f r M..t p..-pose ; an.l we do further by these presents expres.sly declare that the sai.l Bish-,:' m of lluperts lu.i.and als., his successors, having been respectively by as, our heirs and successor/ name.1 an.l appointed, and by the said Archbishop of Canterbury canonically or.laine.l an.l cnsecrated a.c.,rding to the f.>rm of the United Church of Englan.l and Ireland, may perform all the functions peculiar ami appropriate to U.e office of bishop within the sai.l .liocese of Rupert's Lan.l ; an.l f..r a declaration of the spiritual cau,- >. and matters in wldch the aforesai.l jurisdiction may Ix) more specially exercised, we do by these presein. further declare that the aforesai.l Bishop of Rupert's Lan.l an.l his successors may exercise an.l enj.,y ,.!! power and authority, by himself ..r themselves, or by the arch- deacn or arch.leacons, or the vicar-gen.Tal, or other officer or officers hereinafter mentione.l to give institut...n to benefices, t., grant licenses *o officiate to all rectors, curates, ministers ami chaplains of all the churches or chapels .,r other places within thesai.l diocese wherein divine service shall be celebrated 40 according to the ntes an.l liturgy of the Church of Englan.l. an.l to visit all rectoi-s, eurate.s, ndnisters an.lchaplams. and all priests and deacons, in holy orders of the United Church of Ki.glan.l an.l Irelan.l resi.lent within the sai.l di.,..:ese. as also to call before him or them, or before the arch.leacon ..r arch- deacons ..r the the v.car-general or other officer or officers hereinafter mentione.l, at such competent days, hou.-s and places, when and so often a. to him or them shall seem meet and cnvenient, the afore- sai.l rc^tMis, curat.-s. ministers, chaplains, priests ami -leacons. or anv of them, ami to emniire .us well conc..Tning their morals as their behaviour in their said offices an.l stations respectively, subject neverthe- less to .si:.i, rights ..f reviewan.l appeal as are hereinafter given an.l reserved, ami forth., better accomplish- nient e ar.hd«acon. of the .aid areiideaconrie. res- pectively : provided always that such dignitaries and archdeacons A U exercise such jurisdiction dv «'. aid Ree and ling to hia >n so by us id, may, hy Kip tluTcof, iff, subject, iVii will and do urd tin, jssion, and :itlt!.of tiio 10 .' aforesaid I hold and ivii or kin^'- '^*«-- -P-ti ...ly appointed as aforesaid, si" . Tl Zt ttr '■' 7 "'"-' '""^ '"■ '^'^"' '''^" ■'" ""^^"'" '^"'' f""<^ti«"« ^'^•l-frate.l to hen. a 1 that the sa.d reg.s rur. and actuaries shall respecti vels continue to discharge the duUes wher to t oy have been appon.ted unt.l a new bishop of the said See of Ruperts L,.n,l Ihall have be • n n at .. and consecrate.!, and ns arrival within the limits of the said diocese shall have been not i to .n.,sa,d part.es respectively ; and we further will a,.d do by these presents decla.e and or I it hat : V o^r : :.:h^r'"-'^'t'i,^^''-'" ->-i'"i^-^-'— rintence shall be iziz^'c nv of the sa .1 a,chdeaco,.s or by the v.car-gene.-al or other officer or olKce,-s of ti.esai 1 bishop or his ucce.sso,-s tode,..a,.dare-exan.ination and review of such ju,lg.nent. dec.-ee or sentence f re .o bishop or h,s HUccesso.-s ... pe.son, who upon such de.nand n.ade shall u ke cognizance t .em. u" si vU baveiul power and authority to artirm. reverse or alter the sai.I jndg,..ent,"sentence X^rl. li u te bl K ;■ "".■"""'■'• ""'*-"■ '" •^■^" "'■ ''"^•' '•*^^''*- «•• '" -^"y ™"-> '>rigi,.;ilv insti- tute befo.e the sa.d b.shop or h.s successors, it shall be lawful for the sai.l p.rtv to Appeal t.tho ArcblHs op ot Ca.jte.bury or his successors, who shall finally decide and detennine' the s. I p I provided a ways that ,n any s..d. case of appeal or review notice of the i,.te,.tio„ of tl e .,." t . " ;' Huch appeal or demand such review shall be given to the bishop or subordinate i,.d.Jbv wl o he ..ntence app.-a ed ...... or to be .-eviewe.l shall have been pronounce.l, within fifteen .lavs he pr.m.ulgat.o,. th,..vof, a...l we do fu,.th..r an.l by these presets onlain that in all ca .-s in w i. a„ appeal shal be n.a.Ie or rev.ew deman.led as afo.esai.I, a copy of the ju.Ig:,.e,.t or sent..nce in , . ase promulgate.Iorg,vensett.ngf.„ththe causes thereof, together with a copy of the evi.len e o which ttriVT '";•'■ •^''''' ^"''""^ '''^'''^'" ''''''-' •^"'' ^--'itte.ibys..chsubo,-.ii,Xj..; ti t r ;, , 'h "."^>V"'""-^' ' '""••^•«^«'-. it i« «"■• will and pleasure, and we .lo hereby .kllare an.l orda n, t .at noth.ng .„ these p.esents containe.l shall oxten.l or be ....nstrue.l to exten.l to .-epea va or alter the pr.n.su.ns of any charter whe.eby ecclesiastical jurisdictio,. has been given to an r ouHof Ju, hcature w.th.n the lin.its of the sai.I .liocese ; and for re. ,.,ving doubts with .Aspect to th.'Cl iy o the .e.Mgn.t,o,. .,. th.. ,a..l ..,«,., a,..l .iignity of Bishop of Iluporfs Lan.l it is our f.-rther wil at i^f he said b.s op or any ..f his s..ccesso.s shall, by instrun.ent u,..ler his han.I an.l seal .ie .■ .^ . to the Archb.sh.,> of ( anterb.ny for the time being, and by him accepte.l an.l .egisterc.l in the oil ce 40 , """■-:;"r"' " ''" ^'^'"' Archbisb.,p, ..esign the office an.I dignitv of Bishop "of Uuperfs Lan. su h all .ntents and purposes but without preju.lice to any responsibility to which he n,ay b liable in law or e,u. y .n .espeet of h.s eon-lu.-t in his .u-I office ; an.l lastly, to the end that all tl.i, gs albresai In ay be hnnly holden an.l done we will an.l grant to the aforesai.l Davi.I Anderson that !:« shall have ou^ Letter. Paten under our Great Seal of our said United Kingdom duly made and sealed. In witners etc., the twenty-first day of May. ^" "ii.ut,as. By Writ of Privy Seal. .lolNT Al'l'KNDU. S.H!. V. /iii/ii riitl Stitfiitm titlit .Wmif Stnir hturimj tin tfir ijitfitinti itfthr hiiitinhtmit, r.. tt.'iH l',it.Mit f'liiiulin;,' tliii "iti' nf Ull|>. I'ltV L;lll be n.a. .. for the rejresentat.on of Vancouver Island in the Legislature of British Chuubia after he unun, (he juaxunun. nun.ber of Councillors in the I.gislative'council of British Co la a the un.on. shall, untd .t is otherwise provided by lawful authority, be twenty-three instead oniae^n ... After and notwithstanding the union, the laws in force in the separate colonies of Brtish l£^^ '■]rrr%f''"'\ '-^i^'-^'-'-V^^ "- ^i'- of the union taking ellect shnll. until it i» o he.«.ep,ovnled by lawful authority, renmin in force as if this Act had nT.t been pas ed or nro! anned: save only that the laws relative to the Revenue of Custon.s in f...ce in Brit si l un bia't Zz V . ::r?.r'i"^ t ;':"• "•"' i' '- "'-^^^'^^ '--'''-' 'y '-^'" -^"--^^'- -^-^ -^ B Ul roir.a T ' '! •" " ". ^""'"•'^^' '"'"•'''•'"' '■>• '''"^"' -'^'""-'^^^ the Governor of But shtolundm shall have, m relation to the territory lor the time being un.ler his Government all 20 ^iz::7;T^TT r '''''''' '^^^^^^^^ ^ '•- ^-'^-^ King.iou..-;ra.m- r„ of \Va . . V^: TT^- "' '" "" ^ '""""'-!'"-'•« "f ^•••^ton.s with respect to the appoi.^t- ^r; t a' :"''m ' " ' 'T'"' ""*' -^I'''"'"^-'"* «f warehouses or places of secul^y in gucli poi ts, an.l everything consequent thereon or relative thereto. bia wi,r H '''"1 '" ''"'' !""' ''"'" '"■"" ""'•' '" ''''"'' *''^' '"'^'""'^y "f *'■« «"vernor of British Colum- b.a w,th the adviee and c.,„sent of the Legislative Council ther^f. to make laws for the peace "iTr r Until the union. British Columbia shall comprise all such territories, within the dominions of 30 V th six 1.'"?"^ r" '■"""";'" "' ''"' ^^""''^" ^'^"•'■'^'•'''^ - ^'-•^'' America ; to th north .> he sixtieth pandle of north latitude; and to the east from the boundarv of the United States no th wards by he Kocky Mountains an.l the one hundred and twentieth meridian of wes n iit 1 au,l .shall include Queen Charlottes Island, and all other islands adjacent to the .said territor e^ x ept \ uncou ver Island an.l the islands a.ljacent thereto. ritorits, tx.,ept Vanc":ut/!Tf'''l"'"T;/'''''i''^'f-'"''!"'^'' '•''" •^"'"'"■'•^'^ "" '^'' ^^^r'^""- «■"! -lan.Isaf,resai.l ami \ ancouver Island and the islands a.l.jacent thereto, mvalhhI!::lro.;l:";!n::!'r''^'''''''u ",'t ''"' ^^ '--'-y -pcaled; but this ^.peaUhaH not n%ali,atcanyO,.Ie, intouncdoranyother In.strument umler the auth.^rity of tho.se Acts .,r either 40 IMPERIAL ACT. 30 S. 31 VIC, CAP. 3-TIIE BRITISH NORTH AMERICA ACT 1807 AN ACT ran thk U.s.ox or Canada, Nova Scotu, and New Bntr.v.swrcK, and the Govkhnmknt Th'KKEOF; AND FOR I'L'IIPOSE.S CONNECTED TllEHEWITIl. ■^-^BSSEzB^^I^Sm"'-- 4;j3 .Jministering ah Columbia ny of British 10 of British a,s a separate It' legislaturo lat provision 1" unitiiu, after iitiiliia, after of tifteoH. s of Br'tisb II. until it is ,.sso(l or j)ro- l.'olnmbia at extend and Joveriior of irnnient, all 20 II the (^^om- ho appcunt- sccurity in iish Colum- )i'ace, o 'tier in° ^^"'- ^^ ^^^ P-mces a., promote the interest. t.i nature of t,j:r;:;:!;:;;::;^:;';L^::';::-,.:^^ ^^ p^-vided .... ^ta.. othe^:^j;,;^^;5;•:;;;lt::::^I'-^^^'- ^-^ -•« ^- the eventual admission into the Union of Advi::':id''s';i::ru;i wj"s.^:^?^"^^"\*'^^^ ^^-^^ ^ -■> ^^^^^ t,. assembled, and by the uutI.ority:f thr:;!:':^!!;:::'"'' "" ''"'""""• '" ^''^ •'"•^^""* ''^^'*^">^"' 1.— PnELIMINAKY. 1. This Act may be cited as "The British North An.orica Art, 1867" Huecotor of'Z'vai f 'r' ''"' 'f '''""' '" "•"' ''"•'^''^^^ ^•"'' Q''^"" ^'^tend alno to the heirs and ucceasors of IJer Majesty, K.ngs and Queens of the Unito.l Kingdon. of Great Britain and IrelL II. — fNlON. B^nLtr ° '"" '• '""'' ""° "•"" ''"''""»• "«■"">' O""-™. ^-l-'C, Nov. Scotia, .„. N,! co„..U,.'"d Celt tt;i° :l.;'7r "• ".""r •' ,"',» >»"'"« -^ *» ^cO wWd, ,„„„.Hy ao F„vta„ of Lo.„ Canada ,,,.„ oo„,ti.„t: th. ^ZZi Tq'Z ""'"' ""■""'""•" ■"■ III.— EXECL'TIVK POWER. and t v!i!;r:,'''Qi::r""'™' ""•' -"""""^ •" - ™'- f"-" ■' "'"''y j«'»™.i >» =»tino, .,>u Jnt ilivT, :wu'f.: ci:;i" ': ;;;' r' "'"t '" "■• ?"™"'""' •" '^'"«"»' "o >» "y"-" *. n,.n,w„ t,.e„,„f .„„, ,. rZro't^Lni^^trl::.:,::;',:,:;;' ^''^^ ''°"'-"^"'" -^ Provinces, .ith the a Iv or with't, ad^I'" T ""''-^'y^ ^-"^enant- Governors of those thereof, or in c.miu' t.on u .T tL r M "" '•"';'"'"♦• '^^ ^'^ -po.tive Executive Councils .... «o._ oj iii.,:,t:or:o;:=:^:,^:i;^-r': ;;L =^- :i;r;;::j^ .loiNT ArrcNiiiz, Sec. V. fm/u'rial .S/iiliilit awl Ai-tanf stall' biiiriuiiiin the i/uiitiiin 11/ the tloiiuilaritt. Britiih North AniiiricaAct, 1807. 434 , .Tn,.T *''"'^" *"^ '^T^l", "' ^'"8 "•'^""^'J ^fte"- tJ-e Unioa in rulation to the Government of Oana^lo. be vested A.^.,x. m an.l exerc.oa -le hy the G.vcrnor-Oeneral, with the a.lviee. or with the a.lvice «n,l o r^-nt of or „ s« V. conjuncfon w. h the Q,u en's Privy Council for ( •una.h.. ..r any nu.n..K.rs th.-n-of. or by the lo verlr- r-f "" mi: V; ; ;; [; "T- ''" •■•^^;:ri"'— '-J-^ nov.rthdes.s (oxc.,.t with re,sp;.t tonnch .u, .'it 5«r.„,m„/M, ^"^ain an,l Irelan.l) to l.o abohsh.-l „r altoro.i 1 v the ParHaniont of Canada. BritiKl r r. J'^' '^'/'^f *^.'''''"'' ""^ 'l''" "^"^ "■"^"'■'■'"^ *" '•'" ««vernur-Goncral in Conncil shnll W oonstrn.vl as "S'F"'[wr a-emor-Goneral acfn,. hy and with the advice of the (Queens IVivy CouncU f" fro™ r ^?^''" ^. '"'''''"' ^"^ "" ^"''"' " "'"■ ^^'^J'^'''^^ ^'''"'^^ «*■ ^ •'"^''«"^° ^'"" Governor Oenrral 10 from tunc to t.me to appo.nt any person or any ,„ rson.s jointly or • ...lly to l-o his Deputy or D.puti" G ; vr';:; rv u ""'■:• "■' '" ^'-'""i-'^^ »•> «- --- < !..^ pleasure or l ectively, shall be such a^ ,.,.. f,o, inu t timedehned by Act of the Parlian.ent o .anada.butso that an/ Act of the Parlia.aent o wl defin.n. sue. privileges, immunities and pow-rs. shall not cnfer any privile,,.- in.nn.niti. s or p.we^ exceeding those at the pa.,in,. of such Act held, enj-yed, and exiiLl b^" the C'onim , s iL « o" Parhament of the United Kingdom of (Jreat Britain and Irehind and by the Lmbers thlof 10. The Parliament of Can , da shall be cal!e--° "»»>»- -"■« di. Jol- "'""'"' "' "'° ™°""""'''° "' "'» Senate. CWa. .h.U U d,™ed ,„ ooMi,t o( .1,™. 1. Ontario ; 2. Quebec; In the case of Quebec each of the twenty-four Senators representing that Province shnU he appointed for one o the twenty-four Electoral Divisions of Lower Canada specitie.1 . i'dule A to chapter one of the Con.solidated Statutes of Canada. oc.u.iuie A to 23. The qualification of n Senator shall be as follows :— (1.) He shall be of the full age of thirfy yeoij - : '"^^"^ •" ^^^ ^"^'n. or or t}'« Parliament of the United Kingdom 50 50 via, b«} vested isoiit (if, or in ,liL' (luvernor- tiich fix oxist iloia of (Jrcat const riipil a"* J Council for irnor Oenoral 10 y orD.putics Ir- Uoveriior- le Oovernor- niitatioiis or ■putifs, Hhall I. litary Forces uwn. 20 *o styled the Sonnte and rioni liiiu" to t of Canada •s or pinvors ns House of of. ' the Union, that t wflve qq tint sitting inbers. who it of three al' (giibject 49 y twenty- ir Sei :;tor9 e RhoU be edule A to laturalized Kingdom 50 (3.) Ho Hliall W legiilly or ciiuitttUv Huiz...! „« ,.f i i 1 1 . i - (5.) H. ,l,.ll bo rc.i,U.„l i„ the P„,vi„„ for .l,i, I, h« i, „pp„i„ie,| . Pr«ol.,„.,i„„ of Vl\„r,. """"'■ '"'' ""■■"• '"""<" •!'•" I'" in««rU..d in II,. Queen', 28. ;i'«""".l«.T0fS.n.„,„,|,.||„o,.t.„y,i„„.„„,,j^,,„ "'»»"■ 3« A i^"„r "''""-r'"™' '" ""■• ■""""""" °' """ -*"• ''"'•' ''» I"-" i» «'« Sen.,,, for Uf„ SI -li . pUoo ,,f . s,„.to. .1,.,, u«„„,. .„„„ i„ .„,, „, ,,,,, ,„||^^, ^^^ _ (..) ..^^or t.„ ooo^nUve .„„i„„, of .„. P.Hia.nent „. ,.iu to ^ive ..U ..t.„a„« j,, ,fc. cntit ed L riL'hta 01 i.rivil»,Tou ..f i • . • ■ "^coint.s a subject or citizon. or a \ If K« io 1- 1 ;*:,"' l'"vilege8 of a subject or citizen of a foreiun power • ao ... ..u, u,. 'wn.n„n.of u,^.o.i:.z?™^,rt^:;rrir::rm .'nlXT ArPKNDDI, .S.-C. V. Imiur III Stululrt and Ael,„( Stale lirn n nil iin the iiurMf.niiflht htunilitm K, Dritiah North AtiiericaAct. IWI7. 4.'iG Aw»"i,. ""=•"'•'"« t'>o SfMsaker. hHaII Im necemary to conHtitnte a Meeting of the .S.nialo for the exorcise of ita — powerrt. Sw. V. ;)-i(i/ .Sf Arl$ ,,f St.u, limnninmlht Neitatlve tlUrJUi,,!, ilfthe hiiintlitnc: ''ttKimnnt I — -"-«~ .,..-.. .« ..cvim<.« iijr u inojuiib^ i' ..>.,. .1 ..» ...1 ! ! . . I II I ..... . Aiil'rica vi' 1 "" -..»..,<.-.. J. vv vw wiu iiuviniuiiB ui mis Aci, consist 01 one nunurou 1H.17, " 'a"'! oif,'ht.v-ono in.inborH. of whom ti-hiy-two .simll U elected for Oalario, sixty-five f' r Quebec. niuutfcii for Nova Sfotiii, and fiftt-i-n for New Jirunowick. an. The Oovernor-Oenural shall from time to time, in tho Quciii's name, by instrument under 10 the Oreat Seal of Canada, summon and call together tho House of Commons. 30, A Senator shall not be caimblo of being elected or of sitting or voting as a mcml)cr of the House of Corumons. 40. Until the Parliament of Canada otherwise provides, Ontario, Quebec, Nova Scotia and New Brunswick .shall, f .r the purpost-.s of the election of men.lK.r,s t ,erve in the House of Commons, Ikj divided into Electoral Districts ns follows .— 1.— O.v I.\K!0. Ontario shall be divided into tho Counties, Ridingsi (.f Counties, Cities, parts of C^ities, and Towns enumemtcd in the Kirst Schedule t- this Act, ea-l. whereof shall l.c an Electoral District, each such District as numbered in that Schedule being enti V,l to return (Hie member. 20 2.— QlKUKC. Quebec shall l)c divirciHe of li* >cakor Hliail ) bii iu tho ne hundrLMl fur Quebec. nent uuder If^ iil)cr of the and New finuionB, be and Towns each auch 20 3 Electoral Vo of the cr Canada )ne, or any >hall be for County of 80 c City and a separate inibcr. Provinces d di.s(juali- ur Lt'j,'i.sla. be taken he pcrioil.s :s incident 40 .ts vacated the House a member the law of ^rds, being )r-General -Tuiucfs as 60 487 The PorMon ijwujng writM smder thin s^-ction Mhall have tho like powors ns arc posmcHHeil at the Union by the otli.-. is chaiX'-d vvilli tli.! i. niiijr of writ** for tho election of nifinbfiH to serve in the ruHpoctiyo Hou.«*e uf Axsnubly or I..M;i.sliitivt; AN.seiiil»ly of the I'n.vinee of Cjinadii, Nova Sn.tia or New Brunnwiek ; and the Helurnin;,' ( KHen-s to whom writn are directcil under tliin Mielion shall have the like powtTM ns are |po.ss(.wed at the Union liy the oHieers charged with the ruturnin;,' of writs for tho eluctinii of nieniU'i-H to servo in the same resptetive House of Assembly or I.ej^isliitivi^ Assembly. 4:j. In case a vacaney in tho representation iu the House of Coniinons of any Electoi ul District hiipperiN before the mettiiiK of the I'arliMment, or after the meotinj^ of the Parliament before (vrovision 's made by the Parliament in this b.lialf, the provisions of tli.! last for.-;,'oing seetion of this Act shall 10 extend and apply to the issuing ami returninn; of a writ in respect of such vacant District. 44. Tho House of Commons, on its lirst as.st!ndiling after a jjoneral election, shall proceed with all practicable speed to elect one of itn inemliers to Ikj Speaker. 4.'. Ill case of a vaeanoy happ.'ning in the odice of Speaker, by death, resignation or otherwise, the House of Commons shall, with all practicable speed, proceed to elect another of its members to bo Speaker. 40. The Speaker shall preside at all meetings of the House of Commons. 47. Until the Parliamont of Canada otlierwisn provides, in case of tho ab.sonce, for any reason, of the Speaker from the chair of the House of Commons for a period of forty-fight coi\seeutive hours, the House may elect another of its niemlwrs to act as Speaker, and the member so elected shall, during 20 tho continuance of Huch absence of tho Speaker, have and execute all the powers, privileges and duties of Speaker. 48. The pr<>8enco of at least twenty members of the House of Conunons shall be necessary to con- stitute a meeting of tho House for the exercise of its powers ; and for that purpose tho Speaker shall be reckoned as a iiieinbi-r. 41). yueslioiis arising in the House of (.'omiuDns shall be decided by a* majority of voices other than that of tho speaker, and wlu-n tho voices are etjual, but not otherwi.so, tho Speaker shall have a vote. 50. Every House of Commons shall continue for five years from the day of the return of the Writs for choosing the House (subject to be sooner di.ssolved by the (Jovernor-(ioneial), and lui longer. 30 f)!. On the completion of the census in the year one thousand eight hundred ami seventy -one, and of each siibsi'ipieiit decennial eeiisus, tho representation of the four Provinces shall be roadju.stod by such authority, in such manner, and from such time as the Parliament (jf Canada from time to time provides, subject and according to the following rules : — (1.) QuelHic shall have tho Hxed number of sixty-flvo iiiombei-s. (2.) There shall be assignt'd to each of the other Provinces such a number of members as will bear the same proportion to the number of its population (luscertainod at such censu.s) as the number sixty-tive bears to the number of the Population of QuoImjc (.so ascertained). (3.) In tho computation of the number of members for a Province a fractional part not exceeding one half of the whole number re(|uisite for entitling the Province to a memlter shall bo 40 disregarded; but a fractional pai L exceeding imo half of that number shall be equivalent to the whole number : (4.) On any such re-adjustment tho number of members for a Province shall not be reduced unless tho proportion which the number i>f tho population of tho Province bore to the number of tho aggregate population of Canada at the then last preceding re-adjustment of tho number of members for the Province is ascertained at tho then latest census to be dimiuishe.r of momber-; of tlie Moiiic- of Comraons may be fi-ora time to time inereiwcd by 60 tho Parliament of Canada, provided tho proportionate representation of the Provinces prescribed by this Act is not thereby disturbed. Joist AlTKNDII, S.T. V. fiiifH rial Sli$tiili» anil Ai-lt ,./ Sliilf ftrit mill tin the 'iHigtiiin it/tk- lUiiinilunt^ llrillxli Niiii,'( Aini-riri. .wy. i te:, 438 i f f ' ■.I a,:I.kn"v Money Votes; Royal Aaient. H,«rv. •'>;). Hills Inr ni.i.iopiiating any pnrt of tho public revenue, or for iinpoHing any tax or impost. /mi^rmi ""all oiij;iimtf in the Hnuse of ('oniinoiiH. .Sltttiitm unit ;'.7;,;;{w;m. ■'■*• '^ '''*" ""^ '•*-' ''''^'■"' f-"* t''*-' """"c "f Coinmons to adopt or pass any vote, resolution, yHunilanT' '^'"'' "*■ '"" ''"" •■''" appropiiation of any part of the public revenue, or of any tax or impost, '""""■'" any jmrposo that bas not biet. first reconnnended to that Mouse by inesHago of the Oovernor-General '!wrie».'wt. '" ^'"^^ '*'■"''"" '" ^*''''''' *""=•' ^■"'''. resolution, addreas. or bill ia proposed. ''■' \Vherca Hill passed by the Houses of the Parliament is presented to the Governor-tSeneral Secretary of State thinks fit to .lisallow the Act. such disallowance (with a certificate of the sJcretary of State of the day on which the Act was receivd by him) being signified by the Uovernor-(}eneral. by speech or niessageto each of the Houses of the Parliament, or by Proclamation, shall annul the Act from and after the day of such signification. 67. A Hill reserved for the signification of tlio Queen's plea.suro shall not have any force unless 20 and until within two years from the .lay on which it was presented to the Governor-General for the Que..n'sass..nt, the (ioveinor-General signifies, by 8|)i>ech or mes-sago to ..ich of the Houses of the Parliament or by proclaiimtion, that it hiw received the a.s.sent of the Queen in Council. An entry of every such speech, message, or proclamation shall be made in the Journal of each Hous.., and a duplicate thereof duly attested shall bo delivered to the proper officer to be kept among tUi' llecords of Canada. v.— PnoviNciAL Constitutions. KxfcutU'e Power. 58. For each Province there shall Iw an Officer, styled the Lieutenant-Governor, appointed by the Governor General in Council by instrumtnt under the (Jreat Seal of (Canada. 30 r)!*. A Lieutenant-Governor shall hold oflice during the pleasure of the Governor-General; but any Lieuici.ant-tiovernor appointed aft.jr the commencement of the first session of the Purliame'nt of Canada shall not Ihj romoveable within five years from his appointment, except for cause assigned which shall be coinmuMirate.1 to him in writing within one month after the or.ler for his removal is mad.-, and shall be eommur.i.;ated by message to the Senate and to the House of Commons within one week thereafter if the Parliament is then ..itting, and if not then within one week after the com- mencement of the next Session of the I'arliament. CO. The salaries of the Lieutenant-Governor shall lie fixed and provided by the Parliament of ('anada. Gl. Every LieuUmant-Governor shall, Iwfore a.sKuming the duties of his office, make and subscrilKS 40 before the Governor-General or some person authorized by him. oaths of allegiance an.l office similar to ttiose taken by the Governor-General. 62. The provisions of this Act referring to the Lieutenant-Governor ext«!nd an.l apply to the LieuU-nant-(J..vernor for the time Insing of each Province, or other the chief exe.-utive officer or a.lministrator for the time l)eing carrying on the government of the Pi-ovince. by whatever title he is designated. 63. The Kxocutive Council of Ontario an.l of Qtdbcc shall bo conijKise.l of such persons as the Lieut ',ant-Governor from time to time thinks fit, *■ d in the fii^t instance of the followinir off5c«r inability. U.S. Unless and until the Executive Government of any Pn.vince otherwise directs with respect to that Province, th.. ,seat^ of (]..vernment of the Provinces .shall be as f..l!..ws, nnin..lv.-..f Ontari.) the City of Toronto; of Quelwc. the City of QuelKic; of Nova Scotia, the City of Halifax- an.l of New Brunswick, the City of Frederieton. .TuINT Al'I'k.MHX, S.V. V. liii/i' ritif Sliiliilm anil Arlfnf Stilh iHitriiifttm thr '/!.'«/ fijfi ii/M«- Iti'iitiitiinm. Itnli«li .Nnitli AifiiiicaAct. IWir. LKtusi.ATiVE Power. 30 J.— Ontario. 09. There shall bo a Legislature f.ir Ontirio, consisting of the Lioutonant-Govornor an.l of one House, style.i th.> Legislative As.scmbly of Ontari... 70. The Legislative Assembly of Ontari.) shall Ikj compo.sed of eighty-two memlK-rs, to be elected to represent th.; eighty-tw.. Electoral iJistricts sot forth in the first Schedule to this Act. 2. — Qufliee. 71. There shall be a Ii(^gislature for Quebec consisting of the LicuU'nant-G.>venr.r and of two HoUMCfl, Htyle.l the b-gislative C..uncil of guobec and the Legislative Assemblv of Quebe.v 72. The Legislative C.mncil of gu.'bcc .shall be .■omi..)se.l ..f twenty-f..ur members, to be np. puint.'.l by the Lieutenant-Governor in the Queen's name by instrument* nmler the Givat S.j«| „f 40 Quebec, one being appoint.'d t.. repivsent each of the tw.'nty-f,.ur Electoral Divisions of I,ower C.ina.la in this Act refurre.l t..,mi.l each h..Mingo»liee for the term of his life, unless the l,egi.slatnro of Quebec otherwise provides under the Provisions of this Act, 73. The .|ualification8 of the Legislative Councillors of Qutd.cc shall Iw the same as those of the Senators for Q.ieln^c. • Ti. The place of a Legislative Councillor of Quebec shall become vacant in the ca.se9. mutntxa mutandis, in which the place of Senator becomes vacant ^u n 440 .';l'L;:;;.:,:rs,':r " '^^'^'''- '■-"-" »' *■"- "^ -i^™.!- .i-i ■ -i... .loiNT *"■"'■'"■ «.i„.. <1„. I.i.„l...,n,.t.^I-»'-'^"t-Oov.r„or ...a, f....... ,i,.... ,. ti.no, hy i,.tn„n..Mt ...vKt tho Great Seal of Britiah North l^r-'^''- Quol.00. appoint a n,eml.r of th;L.:«:;iat;;;r:;;;;ii:fo^ "':''"•• I"" ^•'•^'"' ^^■'^' "' I'i." nn.l appoint another i„ his stea.!: ^ " '" ^"' '^'^^'"'^^"' "'^"•'-•"'- '*'"' ""'-V '-"«-« exercisJof its ,>ower ° ' ' "'"" ''" "^^•^""'"■>' '" ''°"**^''"^« '^ '"^'ing for tl'o voiei^:'';:'s;::r:ri;;i,:':i;ri''" ^^'t^" f ?"^''^^ ^''"" '^^ •'-'«•' '>3' ^ -^lo-ity of Jjectt..ait.J u ero!M 1^ <-)-.. -.Cs of Lower tWla in this Act roferre.l to «-nt to .he Lien..::;:;;:!!'!; istr ;;::'::; n;;i''' t. ' v r '"■ '--'' ^ •- Elector..! Divisions or DishioN n.en. 1 I . 7 . ' """'"'- ^''" '""'*' "^ ""^' "^ "'e ho «iv.„ to sneh hill „„,,r.nrn7 ;'''''''"' •''■^''''''■^ i..inant-.ove:orl::^:.,:i:i!^::j'::;z...''^^"^""' ^^ ''- '^^«'""'^'- '^-""-'^ - "•" 3.— UNTARro AND QfEliKl'. • months an!; !;: r:;; ;r '^ ''"'''■'" "' ^"•'-'^ ^^^"^^^-^^'^ "••"" •«' -"-• '"^«^''- -t lat^r tha„ .x Assembly of the Province "" "'^"'^ ^^"^' "^ *'"' I'rov.nce, M.nuaon and call tofe.,,,..., u.e Legislative or profit of anv kin,| or Tin wl at r ', \T''''. "'''''■-^■' '" "">' ''•"• al'"««>'^-.«, .-nulument MenlH,rof the! Le«is LL , ^ t . '" " """" '^ '^»«^'""'. ^•'"" "ot Ik, eliKil.lo as a nothin. in this .e^ion^^l ' .. ' i anv"; " ?"•'""• "" •^"" ''^' ^'^ '"• ^■"*^' "^ -'■'' ^ '"'^ the respective IVovinee or I , i h. a v ?J t . H '""'*""-'»«« '"^■"»-'- "f the Executive f,.„neil of . .neral. Secreta^ an,| a;!:t;.::tnL: Pn: ! Z:;: ^f^ i:! lU^^^ "^ ""'^^ "^ ^V""'"^- Lands, an.l Conunissioner of A^m.-ulture «m| P. hlie U' .L • \7" "' """""^''"""■'' "^ < '••'-«» of i.!..!ulu.r- ».j ue-"e :« •> -• r^.- •' i • . • V ' "' •^"""^""'' "'"'" lespectivly apply to elections u.._r.. -J ..e. .e .„ , ,„. rv3{„:.t.vc Logishiuve Assenibiics of < »»tano and g.iel^c. ' " ' gQ II 20 > 30 40' < t I SO til, or other- of Quebec, Jiiclioc, or n Leyislativo oat Seal of imy reiuovu Ii'iiilM'ra of 10 iig for tlio iiajority of cision ohall eloett'd to •oft-rri'd to fill to pre- iiy of tlip ii'cond mill 20 w^^ of tlio t hIiiiII not i\y to ilio I' tllAll MX •' Qiiot'irH fgililfttiVf 30 : or hohl- rv, at tho iiiiluriii'rit [il'lo HH a iicli ; hilt 'mnicil of Utomey. f Crown , or hIuiII holding 40 VH which r any of r vote aa IM to \tO •MM, tho nnd tho iition of 'il'I'tillllM 6U 441 the F^'Tl 'r ' *';''* "1? '^; ^'««!'''«"--« "f f>"tario otherwise providen. at any election for a nn-ndK^r of l::i.:^l:.:::;:;z, 2.ntr: ::;: '"-'' '"^"- '''-' ^"'^-'- ^"^ ^--^^-- >-- - -'.ward. dthe td7 ,M V ^ iV ^ ''^ "'"^^'''^^ ^'"- '^'"'"^'"^ ^'"' '•'vme (..d,i..ct n..v..rth..h..ss to ea,.h I rov.nce .n one session and it« a.^t Hitting in the next se.^sion ^ h M "" J"«'^''^ ''■' ^''^^•"'''''"'' "' ""^«'i" '""' ^^-'l-e.-. that is to Huy.-the provisions ivlutmir S ! . M * '^P-';- ;>'iKi"'^lly "".1 on vacauoi... the duti.s of the Speaker, t le ah., c. o "t 4.— Nova HcoxrA ani- Nf.w Bih-nswu-k sha-l'mdl'!" r".f '"""" "*" ''"/'-r'^'"''^^"'-" -f'-'' "'•the Provinces of Xova Scotia and N.-w Hninswick 90 a HI C 1^ v.; 1' ';""";T " ,"" ^'='' '•""''""" -^ '^ '-■"'"♦^ -^ ^he union until alt-rcd und-r he 20 a. th. Mty of this Avt ; and the IIo„s.. of Ass.n.hly of New Brunswick existing at the pa.ssin of t Act Hhad. unleHH Hooner di.s.solve.l, continue for the perio.l for which it was elected. ^ " 5— Ontaiiio, Quebec and Nova Scotia i«. ilLu'',]"! ,'i'i ';'i "',i";"";"'""T ■/ ?"""'"■ '^"'""' ""' "»"> ^««' -''"H "'■»« "■«' •» p:u"i-t.pi: t ;::;;r ::: ;— - rr;- -^:t^:i ;^-:,:z to nerve .n the llou<,e of Co.nn.ons of Canada for that Klectorai District. 6.— TlIK Foi'll I'UOVINCKS. 30 aO. The following provisionn of this Act respecting the Parliament of Canada, namely -the „ro visionn n a.„.g to ....propria, ion an,l tax hili.s, the r..eomn.endation of n,oney X e a^n 7^ hm , t e . .aiowan.... o, Acts and the signification of p|..asur hills .vserved.-shall -x" and ap ly to tl„. I ,.g.slatureH o. the several I'lovinces a.s if those provisions were here ro-enacted and n v le appl eahle in terms to the resjK.ctive Provinces and the Legislatures thereof, with the suh ti , i n f Uie l.eutenant-(^.vernor of the I'rovinee for the (lovernor-Oenerai of the lu^ernor-Ue ^ ^ t Queen and for a Soc-reUry of State, of one year for two years, and of the Province for vJJl VI. DiSTUiiiUTioN OK Lkoi.si.ative Powrrs. PowevH of the Parli'imfnt. 01. It ahall U lawful for the Queen, by an.l with the advice ard consent of the Senate and flouse 40 of ommons. to ,n,-.ke laws for the peace, order and go<.d govenunent <.f Canada, in relation to all uia^tt^rs not eoni.ng within t.ie classes of subjects by this Act assigned exclusive! v to the l^g la ure of the Provinces; and for greater certainty, hut not so as t.. restrict the generalitv of theTr gl! UTniKof thMS«et.on.,t.sIiereby declan.) that (notwithntanding anything in this 'Act) the e ■' ive leg.Hla.ve aut lonty of the Pa.Iiamont of Canada extends U. all .naLn, coming withia the 1 J^ ^ subject., next h.ie.i.afler enumerate.! ; that is to say :— 1. The Public Debt ami Property. 2. The reguliiti<»nofTi-(u!eand Commt e. 3. J he rasajfu? :-.( irr:mey by any ir.wic or n^slein of taxation. 60 * ^''" 'sorrowing of money on ti •> lublic credit 56 AprKNDIX. Hii: V. /m/M rittt Stiititl'M nfiit An. „f Sttitr Ixnrinimn Iht iiu'ttinn iiftht UritiMh Niirth AiinTic»Act, 1H«7. 442 Joint Atpkniiii, Imfirrial Sliitiilit nml Afti 11/ Stiilc Aifiri «//(»,! thr luriliiin o/ihe quri hou 'Ktlarift, Briti»h North A inrrica Act, 1867. 5. Pastal iSorvico, Province *■ ^:;;;:::li'::l;wr *■"' ''^""^ °' "■"^"'^'"' "'«^""' -"" ''- ^"'-'-'-^ --' r«y-"t -f 4« '• 'ml.!':X;;:d\;l^'" -' ''- '"""^ ^--^^ '^•"-^^-^ ^^ ^^^ ^-mce and of the ' ilmi fJ;r:iop:;:tr'"'"'""'"''"""' ""-^^^-"^ •" ^"''"- --^ n^-^-to.,. PHsonsm 7. The P:stal.Iishment Maintenance, and Mana^^omont of HospiUls. Asylums. Charities .ud Kleemosynary Institutions in „„d for the Province, other than Marin. Hospitals 8 Municipal Institutions in the Province ""P'ihin. '■ '^::!l!!f:T.I':!J:,T' ^'"^^••'"-^- •"■» «^»- I^^cen^-. i" order to the raising of . l» I otiiccrii of I'rovincos. 10 SO :tion, but clasMoti of I! imt )io iiiurHtiutt 30 n coming B Con»ti> 'rovincial yniont of 40 I i»f the ViHoim in tics, aud inir of A 50 10 443 10. l^nl Works an,I Itn.lortakingH. otlu-rthan suH. an are of the following C! .hhch- r iul w •^^"""'''r, '"''7'"*'" ^''^- '''•-•""- '""I Hny British or Foreign Country : fxc .::; :h:;.. 1 ;':;r'\: :'''^- "•"r'-" ^^•'^'''" ^'"' ^'---^ -- ^-^-^o- --ftor their -.for .V ^^ . ;■ * '"•'"^•"^'"^ «f ^'"•"'•''' »" '- for tl.e gen.ral .uiv.u.tage of Canada oi f... th.. a.lvHnUig.. of two or more ..f tl„. Provincos 1. 1 h« Incurpomti.m „f ( •o,„,.a„i„, ^-iti. |.,ovi„ciul ohjocUi. I^. N.lrmnizdtion <.f Miirriagc in the Province. I.'J. IVopiTty an.i Civil Kights in the Province '*' ^!l o;!:;;;^';i:!;":f 'p'"^.'^^ iV''^ ''T'"""' '-"■■""^ ^'•" ^'-tit„tion. Maintenance, 'of thri"' •""""'".'" !""":'":""^ ''>• 'i-'M't' naUy, or i„,,.risonn.ent for enforeing any law 10. Generally all n.atters of a n.crely local or private naturejn the Trovinco. Editcatidn. ".u,:! »!.:; "r„;;i;„:::; ^t::z i-z-rr •>• «""■«'-'/-. w, i„ .,.,.„ .„ .„.„,»„, - u::::;'.t,;;;;: ::;rc^^^^ (3.) Where in any Province a systen, of separate or .lissentient Schools exist.s hy law at the Union or « hereafter o.tal ishe.l „y the Legislature of the l.rovince, an appea'l I I 'to ^ relSuo' K^::;:^..;;' '"' ' ^"'•^'"•^ '^^ '^""""' ^*^"""" ""--'^^ ««• ^^.e Queers suhiectf (4.) In c^e any su.^. Provincial law as from ti:ne to time neon, to the (lovemor-Qe.eral in Council execu...! ,v ,Im p.oper I'u.v.ncal authority i„ that hehalf. then an.l in ..very such case una ^n : i:i" Lrn'M:""^:"^'"'"";-"" 't' r '"''-'• ''- '''"""'""^ -'• ••--•^'^ ■"-■•' of J . "'"'■"'"" "^ *'"• l""^i^i""^ ^•»' tl.i« section, an.l of any '.leoiHion of the Governor-tJeneral in Council under this section. Hrun!.wielf«l"n*"Tr "'^'"'"'7 1^''^"^ ''^' '^'''' ^'^' "''' '-^^''^ '" '■"'■^" '" ^'""'^J'^. ^-a Scotia or New TT • i , , ■''•"", v^uuinL, .iiova rscotia, and .Nev.- iMunsvvu-k resneei vi> v uw ;f ♦!.« JoiMT ArriNiiu, .Si«. V. Nliitutrt and AelMi.fStatt 1(11 rill!/ un(A( uilrrtl.oi ()^«A« htiuuilartrt. Ilritinh North AiiiiTicaAct, 1W7. 40 I 'in I '..i:i ,1, . II. . , — Tt! !:it- I .triirtinrnt ui - -"- - '^-- ■ -" '" "--"- ir^;r;:;:;:":;i;LiL:'zr :;:sr t:; 1 Be Ill |!N' J'i?, 'i:SS 444 I.'JL". ^'''••* -^<^' ■•wiKne.l cxtl Ari'iisiiu Im/M riftf St,Uul,. and rontimif to „/siau '•"• '^"'^'' '''<^ l"'"''a"'i'Mt of Canada otlierwiM.i iif,ivi,l..u ti /< r^ , . .. ;:::rn;i:;-. tin.ototi„.oap,.oi„tHu..h ^:ZZ^ZX:t:J:i iJZ^'^r '" """" ""^^' L«w,n,.. tor the etleetual execution of this Act. ""* "*''-'•-"•"*«'•>' "<• I'ro|.cr Bntinh North AiiK'rica Act, i«or. O.VTAUli) ANIi QlKIirc to hold otlic-e durin.r nleasmv that ii ♦ .1 LV "*^ ^''" ' ''"^'ncf, tho following oflicen.. Province, the T. "t r or J > o • n ' 7'r " Attorney-ticcral. the Secretary and Ue,i.„.ar of the ,0 A,nieulture and Pnl He Works an in ^-'•;';''-;'"- f <''"-' '-"'I < ^ and the Coninnssioner of ture a«.l Public Works ha 1 . Th I ! a' i 1 ""I ""'.' ' "'' '''^' *'"'"----■ "^ A«.icul. at the pasMng of this Acri n • • ' L ' 'TT" """<. '""" "' "'"'^"•■- -"" '^«^'''"'^"™ Conuniisioner of I'ul.lic Work"' ' ' ' ^ '"'"'•■" "'^ '^''^""''"" «" ^■*^" «" ^''»''« "^ t^o n.«pecli:':l;l;if ^e!al!: ;;^;;;-:"^-""7nor in ('..n-il. the Oroat Seals of Ontario an.. QueWc Jw/canadarc;eri;\r;C;S:-^^^^ "^ ^^'- --^ SO c.na:^;;::^;j;;:.'3:;:;:S;;:::r:;rp;T-""^ ;^ ..r .. i.,isiature of u. Provmce .. or to CpiH.r Canada, or to Lower 0!,^.' , " "^ '"""'"' *'"'''""• '""'"''"^ ^' ^''*^ '''-•inc". the I.i.rt..nant.Ciov rLr .,f ("^^^^^^^^^ •.! ""^^, .'^^'"■'' '""•'"•■ "'" ^•"'"". X '- i-uod l.y thereof, and fron. and afU-r 1^ i"s. " .'^ "^^^^^^^ T ^^'^ T'*""' '""'''•'-"'• "'"'^•'- ^''^' *-"-^'"^ «"'' things therein proclain.e.l .hai le e t no 'TTT '^' "'""■ "'"' ''" "•^■•-"•*' ""^^^'^ *'»1 the Union ha.l not been mair "" ''''' '"'""" ""' ""''''' "' ^"'*"" - Ml.s,sl(XN .)K OTHER COI..).MEa re.xpc.tive L..«islature o the C.l. , '"''""":"'."' V*"""'"' -•'' f'""' ^'"- "-'- of the 40 Brm.h(N,lund.ia.to„l" 1 t ;;. ;""""■" "' ^'•-' """""'"'. 1'"- Kdwanl Island, and or either of then., into the 2 /L J ':';::'';''' ".'T^ ^ ''«■"' -'' ^'^ Nor* 1- western 'IVrriU.ry. ex,,re.sed an., as th.. Qu-.n link ... 'T !'? 7 ""''' '""""" '" ^''« A<'''^'— 1-ni.on.sof any (,rd..r^.t^,a 1 „ L , rrT rn"'"' r "" ''■^"^™" "' ''"'' ^'^^ ' «'"' ^''« P. iian.ent of t.^ Unite.. K-.:;!.;! z a:;it H niiin :;:M:;i::d" " ' ''-' "^" "-- ^•^^^" '^ ^'•• shall ' !' J:;ti:n;;?l::e::;::r ' if ::f s "''^'';::' 't'^- '"^"'•'' '^'-'- - '•'^'- -^ ^'•"- -»> anythinK in th. Act, i,l ^ ^i^aZ ^^ r^nil^;;:;;^:/^^;""^ """"'^- ""•' ^"--^'--<""« 40 445 a, and Hhall luimibiiitiea, niiu'il may >' or |ii()|iiT -(}<)\emoni iiK odii-ern, itrnr of tlie 10 iMMioncr of >y order of and of tliu •fliciTN and uMiiro, nnd ver which m, duties, d (111 the iiiixtor of 20 ^'riciiltiirtt r < 'niiny t'tit St'ul ttifH and uc AH if loiirahle of tlie 40 ti(i, and Iddretis riittjry, IdrcHMes ind th« hy th« II, eneh uiidinf^ ■H Nhaii 5(j neventy-Nix and thtir tllllX imuni niiinKT Hhall Iw eiRhty-two ; but Pi rince Eilwnrd Ishuid wl len |.i,.,i>u,ui..ii ,, ,i,..„„„,i .„ ,.. ,,„ „,.,,,,;,-■,■ u:,;;.:,,;:i;i::,:;;:,:::;:i;\:::::;i: ; ,„ 10 ThK FiKST S«IIKDlJr,K. Electuml DUtrictM of Ontario. frn. ^M 'Vr tI ""-^ *''7'«''«y-two Kleitoral Districts ..f the Province, under their r-spectivo nun.Wri from 1 to 82. The u.rty-fourth KU-etorul Dislriet is descril.ed therein a,s follows :] ' "The I'roviHional Judicial Ui.strict of Alooma." Al'I'KNIllI, S.C. V. Inifurmt Stilt It tts itnii Aelt <■/ Stntt Uariiiiiim Iht iimtlniii oltKt llt'Unititritt, llritiali N'lirth AimTJCB.Vet, I MM. IMPKHIAI. ACT. 31 & ;)2 Vl(;. V,XV. 100-RUPKHTS LAND ACT 1868 An Art roK knahu.so Hku Maj^stv to acckit a Stn.uK.v.KU tM.,N Tkh.mh o. thk Lani.s Pu.vn rrr, „ . , . m I..SU.N s u.vv. A.vi, vm Ai.MirriNcj tmk samk into tiik Dominion ok Canai.a. twenly!™l''j;::';!?ni'*';;"'" '"':" '""'•' '?' '"" ■"^•^ ''^"^^^ •^'-^ Cluulesthe second, in the twentj Hecon 1 ear ot H..s Ue,^.„, .v, ta.n persons therein nam.-d were ineurporat.d l.y the name of "The urntor.es. .ht. o. government and other n.d.ts, privde^.s, lihertie.s. franchi.se.s. ,„.we-s and authori- Majesty 8 DominionH in North America : ' ^ And whereas l.y the JJritish North America Act. mi, it wa.s (an.ongHt other thin«.s) enacted that «houh he lawful for Her Majesty, hy and with the advie. , eotsent of II.. m"?^^^ Hi. noura . Pnvy Council, on Addr..,.s from the Houses of the Parliament of t 'anada. to ad ,it U ,"T Land and e North-western Territory, or either of them, into the union, on sueh frms and eond til The IVrAcr; "'■~' '""' " ""■ *'"^^'^^^ ''"''' '' '" ''•'•'■••^-- -''J-^ ^" ^'^ P-i«io. 'a oJ *'" Act mi^tTr/ ^7 m" rr' "f ?'■'■':"'' '"'" ^■''■"'=' ''"' '"■•" '•^'"'" "^ ^''" ^'»"> "'•'»'••''' N.Tth America Mai'e tv li I '';;'"""'"" ""''*:'-^ -^ '-"' '"^' *'"• -'•' J>'>'"i"i- - "foresaid, upon sueh term.s as Her Majesty thinks ht to approve. ,t is expedient that the .said lands, territories, rights, privileges lii..rties fra.. ises. powers and authorities, so f„r as the san.e have been lawfully granted tl.'the . a I C , y h.n.h I. sunvndered to Her M.Oe.st,-^Her heirs an.l .successors, upon sueh terms and conditions J m^' authority of the same, as follows : ^ 40 I. This Act may he cited as " Uiipert's Un.l Act, IKOS." tcrntunes held, or ehume • . « . , '. ~ ..,.,,. -j^,.,, 1,,.,..^;^.^^ ininrjiiscs. poW«i'H, aiiU auiiiorities whafaH^tv^ granted, or purported to U grante( Siiii, Iniirtuif nti Ihf UUrttlftit ufthr httttlnllirtrj, Hll|il-lt'« l^llll Alt, Imw. 446 IfupntH I.„n,| „,„,„ such tcr.n. an.l con I«uihI nnti \ SO IMPERIAL ORDER IN COUNCIL RESPECTING RUPERTS LAND AND THE NORTH-WESTERN TERRITORY. i«70. At the Court at \Vinds..r. the 23r.I .lay of June. 1S7(). PltESKNT ; The Queen's Most Excellent Majesty, Lord President, Lor.1 Privy Si-al, Lonl Chaml)erlain, Mr. Gladstone. Pnv.v (...unc I. .,n A.ldr..Hs f.-on. the H.,uses of the Parliament of Cana.la. to a.ln.it Ruperts L,,...! an.l U-;/. "■;:,; ' •^'"'"■^Vr;""' T'lV,' '" ''''"-" ""^ ""-'"'■ '"^ ^''" ^'"'»"' "'" •^"'^'' ^"'"•^ a'"' '•""'litions. in each U. 1.. .-<... ease, as sho.il.l I. in the A.l.hv.se.s expres«e.l, an.l as the Queen should think fit U> approve, subject to 40 the pn.visions ..f the sai.l Act : 1 1 . j ^^ ^" w And it wiui further enact«.l that the provi^ona of any Onler in Council in .hat behalf shoul.l Irdiiiid • "" '"''"■'^ ''^ *''" ^''"■'"""*'"^ •^f^'"" Unto.l King.lon, of (Jivat Hritain and ^ -''^•'•«;;' '-y 7 Addre^H from the Houses of the Parliament ..f Cana.la. of whi.}. A.I.Iress a copy r :^ r'j"^': '^•'T'"''- ^" ^'l-^ y:-^ — >• "-»''-' a, Her Maj..sty was p..aye.l, by an.l witJ the. ^iuc, of n.r Most Honourabi« I'r.vy (Jounc.i. to unite Huia^rta Land and the North-We.Htern 4 » 40 50 10 ^r MnjfHty LTcptftI by :i) tliu Haiti I'.ss to I lor luiil forty- nt'Ci'jitiinco yt'sty <1N, Bixl to •lllllilit of ioii sucli terms and eonditi(ms mm sliould \x} agreed upon hy and iH^lweeii Her Majesty and the said ( 'ompany : 10 Proviiled, however, that Hueh surrender should not he accepted hy Hur Majesty until the terms and eon- ■• ditiona upon which Uiipert's F^and shou' ' 'xs admitted into the said F)ominion of Canada shouhl have been approved of hy Fler Majesty, and c: • .jdied in an Adtlri'ss to IFer Majesty from holh the Houses of tho l*arli.iment of Canada, in pursuance of the liGth section of tho " Uritish North Auu-riea Aet, \HV,7 :" And it was, hy tho same Aet, further enacted, that it shouhl be competent to IFer Majesty, by Order or Orders in Counuil, on Addresses from the Fiouses of tho F'arliament of Canaila, to declare that lluperfs Fiiuid should, from a tlate to bo therein mentioned, be lulmittod into, and become part of the Dominion of Canada : 20 And wliereaa a second Address from botli tho HoHses of tlio Parliament of Canaila has Wen received by Fler Majesty, praying that Her Majesty will lie pleased, under the provisiims of tho hereinU-fore recited Acts, to unite llupert's Fmnd.on the terms ami ctmditions expressed in eertain resolutions therein referred to, ami approved of by Her Majesty, of which said resolutions and addresses copies are contained in tho scheilulo to this Order annexed, marked Fi, and also to unite tho North- Wester Territoiy with tho Dominion of Canada, as prayed for by, and on tho terms and c *0 Lower Fort (iarry (including the farm tho ComiMiny now have under cultivation) TiOO White FIor.ie Plain 500 3. The deduction to 1«! made, a-s hereinafter mentioned, from the price of the nuiteiialsof the electric telegrajih in res|)<'et of deterioration thereof, is to Ix" certificMl within three calendar months tVom such acceptance as aforesaid by the Agents of the Comiwiny in charge of tho depots wliero the materials are storeil, and the said price is to 1h) paid by the Canadian (iovernment into tho Ftank of England, to the credit of tho ('ompany, within six caleniler months of such acceptance, with [interest at the rate of 5 per cent, jht annum on the amount of such price, computed from tho date of such acceptance until tlie time of payment. And whereas tho said draft was on tho fifth day of July, one thousand eight hundred and sixty- 60 nine, approved by the said Jlovernor-Cienoral, in accordance with a report from the Committee of the Queen's I'rivy Council for (?ana "> '"» '""*' •^'t'-r'* latent la ..■in anil h.-n-irilK-fore referrwi j;nW ,,, an.l all tl... Ia„,ls an. t,.rn,orie.s f..xc..p, «„,! ...,,j....t «« i„ tho k-nu. an.l ....n.li.iunH th.-rdn nu-n .! h „,..,„, grante.1 or pu.portcl U. 1. Krant.,-.! U, ..u- .ai,l . '.unpany l.v tl. • w.i.! l.tt«.. Patent h^l "::;:! :::L::^'' '^^'"'^ ''^^ •'^ ^''"''-^' ^'- ^-nty-Hecon,! .lay of June, one tl.ou.na ei,..t It is hereby „r,Jer...l an.l .leclarcl l.y Her Majesty, J.y an.l with ti.e a.lvi.o of tl... Privy' CumMl V r T t/ f n : ^^ o July, one tl.o«Har..| ei^ht hu„,|,..| an.i nevntv. the sai.l N,..,h- W.Mern Ferntory hLhUh, a.|n..tt...| int., an.l l........no part of the |)..,nini..n of Canu.h. upon the ternwi e ..nt th 1 IT T K'T- '""' ""''""""^ '"'*'^"'''''^' ^"^ ^''" ^"»"- -^"''••^- «"•' «o...l K..V. m.tte. nt. a«.| lK.oou.e part .,f tho Dominion of Oana.la. ..p.m the (..llowinj,. terms an.l c, .,liti..nH iK n, the tenns nn.l c..n.l.t..,ns still ren.ainin, t., bo p..rforu.e.l of th.«e en.U.li...! in t nai. u A.l.lre*s of the Parh«,..e„t of . •anu.h., and approve.! of by IK-r Majeaty. « .forcsai.l .- of Canadr^'* " *" ^'^' '" "" ''"'"'""^ ^"'"■"^"' "^'"' ^"'"'•'■'* ^"'"•'> ^""»'f'"-"J t« ^ho Don.inion ««> pan of Bnti I Norh Amenca. not con,|.ris...| in Cana.U an.l HrHish Columbia, in eonfonnity except as n.««r.U the Ro.l H.ver Territory, wi.h a list n.a.l,. out by ,h,. Con.panv an-l e. „ n un :» fo the . ana. ban M.n.sters, b,.,n. the list in the s.-he.lule of the aforenai.l Dee.l .If Surrender Tl t ull 30 Hurv.y IS to be procee.le.l with with all .-onvenient Mpe..; "rtnuer. n.o actual JO 3. The si.o ..f eaoh bl,K.k is not to exce.! flO] «.,.. :-,.,„.! Tapper Fort ( Jarry ; fSOOl aeres roun.l Lower P..rt (Jarry ; .n the rest of the H,..l Hiv. fV..,,, a nulu-r of a.... t^be set Ut "e ::r r!;:e::r:^;;;K;'a:^r^'' "-' ''- ^'""'-"^ '- - ''- '- ^«-«- --- '" ^^^^^^ 4. So far as tl,.- conH^uration of th.. oounfry n.hnits. the bloekn shall front the river or r.,a.l by V, hu . m..ans of aocss an- pr.n..le.l,an.l shall be approxin.at.dy in tho shape of ,«»ralleIo,,ramK of w . ch the frontage shall not Iw more than half tho .lepth. »"ti.i„nims, oi wnich 5. The ( 'ompany n.ay for fifty years after the surren.ler, claim, in any township'or .listriet within thoheitile Belt, II. whi.h Ian. s sotoutfor settl.'iiH.i.t .,r«,.». fi 1 . .. • •"'"■'^"«' witnin of tl... lan.l so set out Tl . 1 1 L- « "" ' "^-nt, f,'rants of laml not exc..e.lin« one twentieth part 40 ol th an I so s. , ,t. rhebloekHsoK'rante.l to Ik, .lotermine.l by lot, an.l the (;.„„panv to nay a rateable share ..f the Huryey ex,H.„so.s not excve.linK ei«ht cents Vana-lian. an a.-re. 't e ( „ anj may -l.-fer the .-xercs., of th.-r n,^ht of dain.in. the ,K.rtion of each township f..r not „. r« 1 1. . , n years after it is set out ; but the r can. most U, li...i».. i < n . . , ' . ' Lo... at the time th.:y declare tli^ ^.Sol: to Hi i^" "''"""' '^'" ''' ''""'^ ^^""""'"« fl For the p«rpo«e of the last Article, the Fertile Pelt is t.. be boun.|...| as follows -On the Ronthbythe Inif,.,! .SiaUs boumlarv ; on the west by the H.w.|.v \f . . r"ll..ws .-()„ the m.rthern branch of the Saskatcl...wan' m ho !Jt by Lie VVi ^ i 'I'T ' "c" .""" "'"■*'' ''^ '''» waters conn...cting them. ^ ^'^" ^^ """'"'>^' "'" ^'"' "^ ^»'" Wood«. an.l the ■♦' » 20 ft copy In ri^hu of hI, or |Mir- re rafurriMi i.\ in any (/tlllllllllJH, iiun>ii)iu'ih iin.iiT 11 r 10 utiui ei| >it • f Council, lont, thiit (I N.. It li- the li'lllM latla shall, J,'0(nl J((>V- lili;;atioi»« I', lit* aay a 'iii|)any liaii tea iiaining On the hy the ind the 44» SMkLIlZ'R;^; ^r' '"'"'■"'"' '''7''"f;'" """ ""^'^' '-.k -r tin. n..rtlH.rn hran.h of th- wT .» • , ""t;U..u.l mor.th«n Hvo miU inland from the rivr. «u ....^o th.- .IkIVT ' lid itMirvfd to tlio Coinpanv, iii-CfHsary for the [ 'ir|.ose, .i tliu Ciiiiiidian a/li,n iiflkt Htmnitttrim. Iiii|wrtal l*r(li»r in- ('■miiiil r»- ■ iHtl-ttllif liui.Tl" l.^tml Mill N. W. T, IKTO. 'out liiihliHiu.', in iu eorpornte ciul, tnulo, or NL-rvanU, nor any r. Jill at ii)Mt price— such prico ineliidiiii; ifiluction for ascertftini'd dcti-rioraticin N. In luy.nK out any puhli.- roa-ls. canals, etc.. throush a.iy M.kK the ( ana. , an (5ovcrnn.«nt „,«> uk. without co.niH^^nsalion. hu.Ii 1,. notexeccd.i.^'onc twenty-tif.hofthe ..tal «.-«.««., of the l.l.n-k rcjuircnny ia.MJ which i.H«,MM..IIy un.l..r culti. , (ion. or which has 1 10 .ary for jj. .n« the . •on,, .y'. .cr^anU accea. to any river or lak.. oi .. .'u:^::;;'^:^:'^.::^^ II. The Cunipany is to U at lilwrty to carry on it« UmI. capacity, and no exceptional tax in U> Ihj placed on the Coi. import duties on noodi introduced hy them previoun to th.. 20 12. ('ana'- ''-V •^•"1 wi'L the advice an.I consent of the 4U »Ulliority ot the same, aa follows : - ' 1. This Act may be cited for all purposes aa " Tl.e British North America Act. 1.S71." fn, *■ ?" ;''^''';*"'^'"* "f ^^^»"*'«* ""ly. fn..» tinu- to time, eatabliah new Provinces in anv frritorie. ^y .rhTv!ll-.'ir:;. . ::'l^':;'^^"''''^.'""-"^.'""ke provision for the constitution and admi.iistration of l»ro«i,.«,. -..I /".'*' ^''- \>'^-'"K '■" i'-iw.., loi li.e peace, vrd.T, ami «ood government of auch 1 rovince. and for its representation in the said Parliament 67 MICROCOPY RESOLUTION TEST CHART (ANSI and ISO TEST CHART No. 2) J APPLIED IM^GE In '653 East Moin Street 'lochesler. Ne« rork 14609 USA ("6) «e2 - 0300 - Phone "16) 288 - 5989 - ra« ( .foiNT Al'l'KNDIX. Sec. V. Iinfiiriaf Stiifut' .^ ami .icts uf Stall I'litriininii Ike i,niMinn "fthr Hnimttarii:^, British Xortli AmcricivAct, 1871. 450 3. The I'arlia.ncnt of Canada may, from time to time, with the -onsent of the Legislature of any 1 nnince ot the sai.i Dominion. ituTease, .liminlsh, or otherwise i.lter the limits of such Province, upon Mich terms and con.l.tions as uuy he agreed to by the said Legislature, an,l may, with the like consent, make provision resi)ecting the etloct ami operation of any such increase or diminution or alteration of territory in relation to any Province affected thereby. 4. The Parliament of Canada may, fr.mi time to time, make provision for the administration peace, order, and good government of any territory not for the time being included in any Province. ' 5. Tho following Acts passed by the said Parliament of Canada, and intituled respectivdy, " An Act for th,te,iporary government of Rupert's Land and the North-Western Territory when united witl. Lana.la, and '• An Act to amend and continue the Act thirty-two and thirty-three Victoria, 10 cliapter three and to establish and provide for the government of the Pn.vince of Manitoba," shall be and bo deemed to have been valid and eff.-ctual lor all the purposes whatsoever from the date at which they respectively received the Pssent, in the Queen's name, of the Governor-General of the said Uorainion of Canada. 6. E.Keept ,us provided by the third section of this Act, it shall not be competent for the Parliament ot Canada to alter the provisions of the last-mentioned Act of the sahl Parliament in so far as it relates to the Provnice ot Manitoba, or of any other Act hereafter establishing new Provinces in the said Domm.on, subject always to the right of the Legislature of the Province of Manitoba to alter from nneo time the provisions of any law respecting the .pialitications of electors and members of the Legislative Assembly, and to make laws respecting elections in the said Province 20 rmiKTiiil Orciur-in- Oouncil.Slst July, 1880. IMPERIAL ORDER LN COUNCIL, 31 JULY, 1880, UNITING TO CANADA ALL TERRITORIES OF BRITISH NORTH AMERICA EXCEPT NEWFOUNDLAND. At the Court at Osborne House, Isle of Wight, the 31st day of July, 1880. Present : The Queen's Most Excellent Majesty, Lord President, Lord Steward, • Lord Chamberlain. Whereas it is expedient that all British territories and possessions in North America, and the 30 Lslan.ls adjacent to such territories and possessions, which are not already included in the Dominion of Canada, should w.th the exception of the colony of Newfoundland and 'its dependencies) be annexed to and form part of the said Dominion ; • And whereas the Senate and Commons of Canada in Parliament assembled, have in and by an address, dated the 3rd day of May, 1878, represented to Her Majesty " That it is desirable that the Parhamento Canada on the transfer of the beforementioned territories being completed, .should have authority to logi.slate for their future welfare and good government, and the power to make all needful rules and regulations respecting them, the .same as in the case of the other territories (of the Dominion)- and that the Parliament of Canada expressed its willingness to assume the duties and obligations conse- quent thereon ; ° 40 addret""^ '^^"'''' ^^' '^''■'''*^ '' gracioasly pleased to accede to tho (^esire expressed in and by the said J . •i t » ture of any •vince, upon ike consent^ Iteration of iinistration 'rovince. tiv.'ly, "An lien united ;e Victoria, 10 !i," slmll be te at wliich >f the said Pcarliaraenfc IS it relates n the said alter from bers of the 20 IITORIES 1880. I i 451 Now, therefore, it is hereby ordered and declared by Her Majesty, by and svith the advice of her .i.uvr most Honourable Privy Council, as follows :— Ai'i'kndix. From and after the first day of September, bs>0, all British territories and p-^ssessions in North r,„^!rJ' America, not already included within the Dominion of ('anada, and all islands a.ljacent to anv of sueh IT'/sn, territories or possessions, shall (with the exception of tlie colony of Newfoundland and its dep.'n.lencies^ '"'"•'""-;//.* become and be annexed to. and form part of the said Dominion of Canada, and become a..d be subjeci 'w^v^ to the laws for the tune being in force in the said Dominion, in so far as such laws may be apf.licable "" thereto. '^ ' ' I •>l' r i, and the 30 minion of nncxed to md by an that the Duld have II needful >ominion); 3ns conse- 40 y the said H * y ♦ t 9 A » Vi. ©rratir-s and Comtntionjs. GREAT BRITAIN AND FRANCE. TREATY OF ST. GERMAIN-EN-LAYR. 20th MAKCH, 16:^2, ^ ^ ♦ ^^''''^^'' ^«^"'^ X"I' King of Fka.vce, and Ciiaules I., King of England. wifh w!'-^"i,^'-° ^"'^ f ^^" ^''"" '^ *^'''"* ^"*''^'"- "'^ ^^^^1 Ambassador, in virtue of the nowen, Qn b ranfcn? R !" 1 '^r^' ''^^'^'•^'^ ^'^ ^'^ *'°'^^ ^^^« ^'^^ -"^^ - Fort Royal.th /ort Tf Qnebec and Cape Breton for the restoration of the said places and forts, to be given up in o the hand, psiiiisiiiiP Joint Al'I'KNDII, S.'c. VI. Treaties and Clint .nt'{mi — (/) >lrca; Jlrilaiii ai.ii France. Treaty of St. » Brada, 1067. [See Charter of the Hudson's Bay Company. 1670, Sec. V., ante] TREATY OF NIMEGUEN, J 678 Ahticles op Pkac. between the Emperoh and the French Kino. Concluded and signed at *" NiMEouEN. the 3rd of December. 1678. ende^rs'ZtlsTse!^ S^'tj' Majesties retaining a grateful sense of the offices and continual ^aty of Most berene K:ng of Great Britain hath used to restore a general peace and public fer^""' h^\ i^M .foiNT ArPKNiiix. S.10. VI. Trmlies anil Cnni-t'ntinitS' (/) limit Ilriltiin ami France, Tn;,ity of Niiiu'^nit'ii, i(ir.s. Iiuu Iso 454 tran(,uillity, it is mutually an;ieod between the parties that he with his kiiifrdom be include.! in this treaty, after tic best and most crtectual manner that may be. Art. 1. That there be a Christian, universal, true and sincere peace and friendship between thei Imi)enal and Most Christian Majesties, their heirs and successors, kingdoms and provinces as alsi between all and every the confcd..rates of his said luiperial Mnjesty, m..re particularly the electors prmces an,l states of the empire, comprehended in this peace, their iieirs and successors, on the one part, and all and every of the confederates of his said Most Christian Majesty, comprehende.l in this peace, then- hoi- ".nd sueces.sors, on the other ; which .said peace and friendship shall be so sincerely observed- and improved that each party shall promote the honour, advantage, and interest of the other. And ' there shall be so perpetual an oblivion and amnc.ty of all hostilities committed on each si.le since the 10 beginning of the present troubles, that neither party shall, upon that or any other account or pretence give or cause to be niven hereafter to the other any trouble, directly o' indirectly, under colour of law or way of fact, within or without the empire, any formal agreement to the contrary, notwithstanding, but all and every the injuries, violences, hostilities, damages and charges sustained on each .side by words, writing or deeds, shall, without respect of persons or things, be so entirely abolished that what- soever may upon that account be pretended against the other, shall be buried in perpetual oblivion. Treaty of Neutrality, 1686. TREATY OF NEUT.RALITY, 1686, Between Louis XIV., King of France and James II., King of England. Concluded at London, the 16th of November, 1686. It has been concluded pnd agreed that from the day of the present Treaty there shall be between 20 the English and French nations a firm peace, union, concord, and good correspondence as well by sea as lan.l ir North and South America, and in the isles, colonies, forts and towns, without exception, in the territories of his Most Chiistian Majesty, and of his Britannic Majesty, and governed by the Com- mandants of their said Majesties respectively. II. That no vessel or boat, large or small, belonging to his Most Christian Majesty, shall be equipped or employed in the said isles, colonies, fortresses, towns and governments of his bi.id Majesty, for the purpose of attacking the subjects of his Britannic Majesty, in the isles, colonies, fortresses, towns and governments of his said M.ijesty, or doing there any harm or damage. And in this manner, likewise, that no vessel or boat, great or small, belonging to the subjects of his Brittanic Majesty shall be equipped or employed in the isles, coloides, fortresses, towns and governments of his said Majesty, for the purpose o,. of attacking the subjects of his most Christian Majesty in the isles, colonies, fortresses, towns and gov- ernments of his said Majesty, or to do them any injury or damage. III. That no soldiers, or men-at-arms, or any other persons whatsoever, residing or living in the said isles, towns, or governments of his Most Christian Majesty, or come there from Europe in garrison shall exercise any act of hostility, or to do any injury or damage, directly or indirectly, to the subjects of his Britannic Majesty in the said isles, colonies, fortresses, towns and governments of his said Majesty- or lend or give any aid or assistance, in men or provisions, to savages against whom his Britannic Majesty shall be at war. And in like manner, no .soldiers or men-at arms, or any other persons whatso- ever, residing or being in the .said isles, colonies, fortresses, towns and governments of his said Britannic Majesty, or come there from Europe in garrison, .shall exercise any act of hostility or do any injury or xn damage to subjects of his Most Christian Majesty in the said isles, colonies, fortresses, towns and gov- ernments of His Majesty ; or lend or give any aid or assistance, in men or provisions, to savages with wbori) his Most Christian Majesty shall be at war. IV. It has been agreed that each of the said Kings shall have and hold the domains, rights and pre-eminences in the seas, straits, and other waters of America, and in the same extent which of ri<^ht belongs to thoin, and in the same way they enjoy them at present. ° I eluded in thi» between tlieii nnc(!.s, iiH also ly the electors u the one part, 1 in this peace M-ely observed' le other. And Nide .sinco the 10 Qt or pretence colour of hiw Avithstamiiiij^ . each side by led that what- d oblivion. ONCLUDED AT 11 be between 20 a,s well by sea ; exception, in by the Com- .11 be equipped ijesty, for the les, towns and iner, likewise, 11 be equipped ir tlie purpo.se oq wns and gov- • living in the e in garrison ?> the subjects said Majesty, his Britannic sous whatso- aid Britannic iny injury or 40 ma and gov- savages with IS, rights and fiich of riofht V. And therefore the subjects, inhabitants, morchaiits, commanders of sbipH, masters and mariners of .Io.nt the kingdoms, provinces and dominions of each Kitig respectively shall abstain and forbear to tra.le •^''':^^"*- and fish m all the places ^-ossessed, or which shall be {)0.ssessed, by one or the other paity in America, ^"'^ '>'^- VIZ.: Ihe Kin- of CJreat Britain's subjects shall not drive their trade and commerce, nor fish in the n;;:';',:*"";! liarbour.s, bay.s, creeks, roads, siioal.s, or places which the M .st Christian King hol.ls or .shall hereafter '/J l'^'^"' hold in America: Ami in like manner, the M-.st Christian King's subject, shall not drive their om- »!'n;iili„n.i~ (1» '•nut llrilniii •I'lil Frnncf. TRANSACTIONS Transacti(in« ■inil I'rciii-h ''"imiiituiiui. Tlio Sioiir Harill(„i "'"1 llic Sienr I),. 'i'"in.,,,-,i,3, C.Mimrs. ■ "PpoiiifiMl l,v tlie *l'wt t'linsfi,-,,, Kini' «'"' tlio K,.,l „f '-' *>^iiii(l,.rl;in,|, Hie t-'-'fl ''f MiMclletn,, ■""I L„n|(;,„iuli,hin, i"T Ivvi-eiitin;; "ii- 'I'roaty „f ■Ntutrality in Aiueriea. At a lueoti,,., the 18th May, 1687, M''"H,ri;il8 ,iiul l,lhl>r p.ip.^r.st,,u,.hi,ij,,Hi« Majesty's Ki^ht t., the Hii.la„u8l!aj., with tjie anawers (,f tlic i'Vench ComuiiBsioiier* Huilson'i Hay To (he King'. Must Eu:cdlent Majesty : 4."»() ^"'•; foMMissioxKH.s. '• """''^ -•-• '-t-en Loth natiot^i A J '• ;"" '' '"'"'•"""^^ ^'^'^^ '-ve arisen ---t.ot. of the late Trcatv of Xeut al t L '"" '"'"'""'^ '"' "'^' '-"- '■^'"' "- .Majestv havin. bej,, nleas^ ' '''" ^"'^' ^''''^^^"^ i" tlio.se parts • ;:-;'i-la.u,. Lonl P...C,ent 1 ^ i:;;':"^ ''' ^^^'^ "--^0 the ^.W^f ,o •-•' "f 'Mi'i'ileto,, pnneipal Secretarv St ''TT' '""'"'•>■ "^ ^^'^^^^ ^he t'- .WI.S Conu,ti,s.sione;..s of the tI.s ,' t /"'' '"''' ^''"'"'P''"'' <- "^ "'--.oners, their Lo,.J.hips ha,i their is ^f ' ""''' "" ""^ ^•"'•-el' Co.n- %VJ687. anti upon the applieati"'^,^^^^^ ^''-' - the l.th of "-'^-'•■^ I^-, their Lordships deli v re, t ^ T' ^^ ^^'^-"'"-r.s trading to mentation of his Majesty's Ri.ht to tho L "■'"'^' ^'o""»i.ssioners a HeL- aMejnorialof D.J,,; th!'cl I , r:^^; -' ^f «^ ^'"-^on, as h^erii which, with the preceding Papers and W ' "'' '"""'*'"" "'^'"-^ ^^^^nch are as follows : " ^'" '"'^ '^'' "'-^^'«- of the French Commissioners Ooin|,aiiy Petitidii t( the King. Petition of the Arl- veiitiirers of Knu- hnd Trailini,' to Hudson's J5ay. The htiml.le Petition nf fi /^^ n:,t tl,» P,„,, „„| „, '■':'■' l""..l.lv .he,voth ,_ have nowarrived to n „.. • , "ecessaries thereunto within fi. . r •. „ " i^actories And in November Ifl^f; ft ^ i-x- ' °°°^ ^^ wnat had happened in that I PPOINTKD TO ■Tiillon, his Ain- L' H(jiiii.| tails, his c'l a.s sliouKi be that have arisen ^ foi' tho better in those parts • able tho Earl of 10 '•y of State, the "lolpliin, one of il IVeiifh Com- "1 the LSth of rers trading to "lors a Ropre- >'h -IS likewise of tlie French, ^inmissioners 20 venturers of I, weie first enominated time have 1 Factories barter, and gQ 'gdorn, and y molested of Canada ' Governor rs in their Iieir trade ty of ever lone Was » to Your 4Q m hostile Streights -r lading ship, he I in that 467 ^tf'Rtl!^';V"!r'l'" ^■""!^ "'"''^ oni..r what sho„M bo just and reasonable, but instead of Rielunl hm.tbsond, n.ate ot the snid sl,ip, and s,.n.,. ol' b.-r crew, were kept prisoners at Qu..l!c : y ::;::::;>;;;: ;:r" ':; t ^rr '"■'-■ '"' -'^ ^^'^" •'■-'• -^^ '--^ -i^"',:'": : S m, en IT ' '" Y"'' ^"'^'"^' ""' ""■ l"-l'i""-"-^ I'ave been lately assured by tl„. said the JJa/is hereunto .nn, .".]. r^-^l-^'s aga.nst your pet.f.oners in taku.g the boUou. of theirl^^th!" '"'T'"'^'' "'" ''" I^"^'*'"""'-^ made reply to the said answer, and at the sau.e time nmde s„l!.,.f. fir- M ';,p'''^""^''^ '» the,, ti-ade, (aeton, s and estates in tho Hudson's Bay l,v the :^a^^l^:^t^^^^^^ '" ^•"-^•"" '^ 'l-'-tion of their seve;alC an.i sutlun.u.s |,^\ the l',-ench of Canada, amounting U, threescore thousaml pounds «"i.i «i.i.>. and other ^^t^!:::z^z i: by':;:;sr ' *" ^^'^^"" "^"" ^"^ ''^^'^"■'^'•^' t.om Your Maj.j.t> s late.'oyal brother (of over blessed „,e,uo,T\ and not onlv then bad the .dorv to hi W iJ:;;"7: 7 -- ^!-'«— . '"-talso late,y upontheir bu.nb.e app,!.:t;,;;'a.;l ,^ .i ^ "OY m' ? r' '"J"'"'"' ""^y yearly receive f..ou> the subjects of the J-Ven h Kin' M f -' n ' "r '""T''^ ''"^'"' '" ^'^■^" ^''"" f''^"' >•-"• »-" '-y'--' --"'• ^'- assurance of Yo :r Maje.t) s protection and care to see tlioni righted. The petitioners do presume to represent to Your Majesty— quantity of provisions, sto,-es and merchaiulizes laid in for nianvve hn' tr.de ■ .„ 1 1 , n " , 30 turned out to sea above fifty of Your Mnestv'. sn h ' '" '"^ ""^" ''^'''^^ «l,iff f . „ , ""yoi lour iU,ijL.st}s subjects, who then wei-e in the petitioners' service to shift^f,. themselves or perish miserably, besides those wh they have either killed or ;;:;:-;cd And the French of Canada give out to the native Indians, that they, the said French will have tTvc^fftt "u *'''^'^«-*° *'-'•«-" ^'-J'^ -J "tterlyout the petitbners of the sT,'; wl id i petftif ::,!: '™" ' "^^ ''''' '"^ *° ''""'' '^'^J"-'«^>^ -^ ^^''^ '-"o-loin, and will utterly ^in the All which is humbly submitted to Your Majesty's most gracious considcra rov.l"^"'^-?" ^'^''T'" ^"•"^'>'P'-''y' tl^^^t Your Majesty will be graciously please, to afford them vour .0 ::^^' rtx^irr r ::^i^it:^::t - ::\ p^^^-,-- to :-:: ^::^:tt:^i^ r -^i-.^-- -^ *- - -^ Si:ifti:!;'M:^::t;r;t -is: tne same, that His Mos Christian Majesty may now, before the departure of the r titioners' shins this spring, send unto Your Majesty a positive mandate to go by the petitioners' own hins hi .O.ietandenti.poss-.^r::r;:th^X^^^^^^^^^^^ Joint Al'J'KMMX, s.T, vr. Tr'titim itiiil I'l'iif' titiimn - (/I limit Kfilnni anil /•'fiiiici. TnillHHI'tiojK of Kiiifliuli oiiil I'ri'jicli fniumis-iiiii- Hiiil-ion'j Buy l'"iu|iaiiy'ii putitiiin ti) till." Kiii(f, 1^1 Joint ArrK\rii\. H.r. V[. Trtntim an'/ Villi VI ntiiiui- (/) llriiU Itriliiinanil i'mmr. 4.VS <::in.'RCiiii,r., Coivm.r. Tran.-iiwtiiiin of Kii;,'lii)li mill riciu'li Con,mis^«iu„. Aromorial „f tl,.. r„ni- t'oiiipaiiv l„ thuir Loril.iliiiia. W L.H,I-,|„ps Iwm. ,bul.tlcssl,oanI of («. uvll as all Kun,,o a,luan.,l at; the n.M.lts ..onun.tt.l l.y ti.e LVonch on l.i. Majesty's suhj,.,.;,. in Ilu-lsoa's Hay fn hw ,c.ars lust ,,ast ,„ tl.o tin.o of pcac. an,I .„o.l oonespon,!,.,,., between tho saM Bay .,v His ^rai,! ^ i;;-;:;:' t,:^:;!'';";";'''''''-' y--- -^i- -• 'l---. l-session of .1.0 „ seven.. Meu^.-ials of'con.,,laints 1, ^ ^ t M I, tl^f^M. T r'"""^'' "'"■ '"^ ^'"""^"^"^ the ships, «,c,vhan.lixe. an.l forts take; fo, i V T^^^ ''''''' ''"''''"''''^ have snstaine,! tl.erel-v " nor can vm/r L 3 IsHn > ' "'"!'" ^"'' ''"'"™''"" "^ ^'"^ ^''^^^ ''''""^-" "'"V answer to our petition 'XZ i ':' t r^h'^V'^ """"? ^'"1"^ ''"•''■^^^' "'"^^ ^"'^^''"'^ was conecrne.] with onr interests, an,i . wo M hi ' T ''t"";' t" '''' - ^'-^ '-^ '—• fn.M, his sacro,l n.onth hn.I so r u.i a '•°Pa™t.on for both, which royal assnranco ^i,^,;:^,^.v^r., fresh supplies of vn...z ;::;:::;: ^ .^^^^^^^^ »- 2nill\'. That this year, \tv reason of flwi Ti,..,*,, t • , • our expedition as nu,e^ as poLlh^o:^!,^ ^ ]Z ::^^U TT' "''^"' ^- ^^° ''^'^^'^^ '^ an,l masters of those ships which we hire that 1 V ., , ^^' ''"'''"' i""'^^'' '"'^'' *'^« "^^'"-'^■^ this instant n.onth of May. b J ^Zl "e f 1 tf 'T "''" " '^^ '""■^'"^^^ "" ^''^ -^^•' '•'^>' ^^ party an.l paygreat den.urrage ^r ou^tC\^Z:^Tu'^'''-r ''''! ""^ "■">' '^'-'^ --'-•'-• is aforesaid. o our atlaj , but also highly en.langer tho total loss of our voyage as dI>ages'sust^nod)"n.ay l:^^^^ c ^fT V""?^^ '"''''"' ""' ^'" I-'^-"--^ tl.eir necessary denartu,. of .L- sb .,!^ ..'.':' ."^ ^"" ^.'"'''^'"'"^ *'""^ ^^ ^"^-t tho san.o before tho necessary depart.n-o of our shi„s at nresen Jo """'""1"* '"'« to effect tho same before tho imn.ediately\o obtain fro. thJ Fr e P ,:;Z.i::tra ' V '""^ 'r''^""'^ ^^"" ^'"''■'^^""^ tho Bay to be se-.t in our vessels eomn.an, in 1 V ''°' '" '"''"''•'^' *" ^1' ^''^ '''•«"^'' i" ehandi.s..c.. which they too. ^rrS';:;j::;,r^:;:-?:,:'L^« ^"'^^^ ^-'^■•>- -" -- it. till S;: ;:::: ';:r;l;;:i:;dXi ^:\ n ^ '''t ''i ""- --'^ -y -'■'- -- ^=^=-^ when a Treaty was on foot fo a^ con^ po del^^ -''Jects here by surprise, oven at tho instant And this we hope your Lor.lships will a'^t'oe'Inv '""''' f"T ''''''''"'' ^'" *"" ^'•'^^^-• that it would be very imprudent fif o.irferv. nV '" 7^,^/'^"^ "^''^'^^''''^^y ^ the welfare of the Company England) to .end jy shi^s't;:;;hif ^u^r ^ ::;'^::a^!:::^nT ^ -^^y i! ^r'- '-^ doubtless receivcl the publication of tho Ut. Tr V T ' '^.' '^'''^ ^'•''-'^"■'•^^ ^''« J''^"^'' H'ore have 40 1 ^ and 50 rn ill tlic'ir ri;,'lits, IJiiy, uci'oivliiiy to lovt'itii ' ailiiiiri'ii atj tho ill Ifmlsoii's Hay iMici! botwoun tlio pDssoMsiDn of tlio If) I tli(^ ( 'oiiipiuiy'ft i"n tn III' iiiMile of ■'ast (iaiiia'^'f tliuy ■'s most i,'racioii.s i that liis honour royal assiiraiico lavo a;;aiii pro- iiiisiTios) as wi'll wiieri'ot' will bu j,'o it as th,^ first 20 His Majesty to to attond your t tlio co;,'('ncy of rt's.s to lie;,' your ho I'l'i^rinnini,' of I early dispatch ro have delayed 30 t'ith tiie owners the 2.")tii day of ■Ilk our cliarter t' our voyage as lie French (and iciilarsof their line lioforo tho will endeavour I the Fieneh in 40 iries ami iner- liin nor visited fit the instant two Crowns. tho Company rovisions from ich there have had the sixth our shijis and °^ ? '> 4:.o ofTeets, ns heretofore, as also for that we shall find i, v.rv nv u , "Nl-se themselves to the merev of the Kie | 1 ^ " " """"'"" '''•"'■'' ^'''l'^ '''"' ""^" »« '^"-r '-'' -'-" they ,.n,. no Ur. i,, op'l th. h ^ il^j;: '""" "''"'' """"'' "'^ ^''^^^'^ -'^-ts so ill) ^--- k", :;;::! ;:,;:;:•: ' • tt i" ' ■ '""•''^'''"^' ^ - -"- ^'-^y --'••'-="•-• -"^^^^^ Nio. i,ayj:d: s!:;:, ;:;:;:::;"■■ •'"• ""^'"""'' ''-■ ^ -'^- '^i^'-a cnuiock. jo. Letten. ste,i.n i-uts, -^:': "" Hudson's lJa\' House ill Xnl.l.. ».iti. . i i ... ■ .. TranHiiotioM i iiousu in .>oblu htieet, Lomlon, l.'ith May. 1C.S7 "' '■;"*'li»l' nti'l rniicli CiiiiiiiiiHMiiin- iTK, His; ; lOMnn.innl to tin. Kiv,„-li CoiiiniiH.siniuiiN tuiirli- inKlIiiilMiMH Itiiv. I-i:s i)un,Ts OK Sa M,u,.:sr..; srn r,A Haik r.'Hrt,.soN. U piilie S,.pt,.nt,ionale de rAnu'n,,u.3 -lans lauu, f^.t deeouveite vJ.s ramuV iV;; ':':'r7"' j!'"", 'f'l'";"- <'.t la liaie d'Hudson Kn..i-h , >- ^<- siaiiiid ii.t( par le chevalier Se last en Calut ...i v n, r, . M''"i"rial conimission .lu lt„i Henri .S..„f '' " ^''^" '' '""-' V;'"-''''M I IIimIbiiii K Hiiy, I'rciich TtTHion. 40 ■""•1- »M»it,.J , . , ' t '"■"■*"''':■"»/'"» '- .'"'.-!« ct „ „.i„ lc»,urf,il,„„li„„,„„,,W.„, „ ™ 1 ' ''"""'""" »■"■" "» l« li"'" rt 1" l«ln,it,,, par Tc,™ voi,i,„, L „'„,„ ,,„ J : , ;';:™ <« i;«™-i, ..,,...,,1 ,i„ i. niv,£.,„ ,,„ |.,„, n.i,,,,, ..i ,,„. '■ ; 'i-i™..ii;;;ni:";: ,1;;:,';;: ;;: ';,"„,rr," v.";*"';-""':.'"; "';"■" "" "^^ ^■'-■'"r-"-- «. rivij™ .Vc«-.\„,.tl,.W„|'.,. ' ■• " ' """ "' ""■'""" """l"' l" rV voi,i,„ ,1„ caw Ai..»» I. Pri.loo i,„,,..,t ,, i i i,' , i, , '", "'■."'","■ '»."'™^™ ■'•■• ""I-" -. n,o„„ |„ f„„ «„„ I. .lite ,lvi;,. rt ,1, ,crro, . , , I it I ™'' ' ' '"I"'"' "' "'•'"" '"■" 1"»'"»'" '!» 3(1 nalun.ls J„ pays. ' ^ "■'*'''" '" ""■""■■™ =' m.o l,o„„o corrmnonjangc avec log •ur los (lit, li„„.,. ^ '''•""■"" '" '"■»•" <1" K". "ra,„o u„c ,„.r.,„e do m .ouv»r.i„el^ «.,. .0 c,,i..„ .^' „„, e„ ,s, :;;i';™ V ::i''::jizrj',?.[^^^^^^^^^^^^ »-- «' i^ajo voiaius ayant aussi ete conserve, sans inter- Ill' Join: Al'f«N|l|X, s..i~-;. Trriiliin anil Cminiiliiinii- (DUmit lifiliiin nil I iViiiii'i, TranKikotiutm of K.lKll.ll •nil I'r. a. li C'lmniiiH^iiiii- •r«, ItW*: - Enfrlish Miiiii,ri»l tiiiii'lilntf Ifi».V. I'rt'iich 460 lupiionnicontoHtfttion.nidoon.iuo, j.iHouVi I'urmr,. |,s-> a Wi „ • .■ r . ^ . ten.^sde,,aix, Mircuns^uu nt rVouU ; ' "• '"^'" ""^ """ co,.t,,..stuti.m c.n.n.ise en 10 Vi-liicill nl tlio [iruoi'd ing. TrftMBliitioii (if tho Vi!- iiinriiil to iliu l"ivn,li C'cillllllj,HJli,,llll-M fdllL-ll- iiig 1Iiii1h..i.s bav. Ills Majkstvs Uumv to Hudson's Hav. Tho Northern piirt of Aiiiencft w}ii.r..ii. ir,..i^ • n ■ . , , . , ) ^^ "» /vmtiica, w/iori'Ui Umlsons Bay w cornpr se( was ilis- th..y turn winte y ;;^ J^ii^;'r: '"'V':;"'' <=""-l tl,o .ai,I Uiveran.ll.„re.wh..ein whL nan:e was xlon. "" ^'''"" ^'"-' ""'"""^''-'^ "^ ^''" ^'''l' -''oroin he sailed. Ndson, an.. ,in,.in, therJ a ^Ir::^:^ lillriin ^ ^ i:. t. ^^ 'I^hII^ ""'^f " • '^'^ ■ ^ ^'^ ^'"'•^ facu.vith an inscription .le- an,i th,.n nan... tho a.Uacnt c^.ntries «;: ^^ y ^:;^: ^j;:; ll^^i'-^^" -'i^''^ j;'"' ."---'"• in t.iu maps of Auwnai. "' " '^^"'"^ ^■'* '^ i"* mallei to this day In thoyear lC(i7, aiDtlier voyacfo wasma.lo totlie sni,l n.>,.i ,- v i ^..„ who »iU,l i,„„ „ river i„ Uu, B..l„,n „r U„. B,u- o : , i , ! IT:'"''.'''-'; "'""""■■'" "-t" i-1™- 30 about,, ,„te,.d i,.t„ . «,„a o„„,,,,o„,,o;:::i-;'r,i:;;:L':;-,;:« ,rr'°'' "' "■" '"- ""' '*'■'■' "-"- without co„,,,l„i„i„g of any ininrv .Ion,- hi th„ "?, f ""'"' '"'" » -'""' =».'.'»P"".lmce, In tlie 3'oar lf!80, Captain Dranor in nmw.f n. / < . ,. Port Nelson, when they were first Jisturl.d .,y h F ^n | AdvlT T" "'"'""" ' '"'""'' '" 20(),000; for twenty years last past, in buildin. o Fo and Fant " 1^"^"^^^^ charter. ° ^"^^ '^"^ Factories within the limits of their ii(t< conclii odtro !•' Ir-* iL'UX roia auti»'.s I'liux do I Ih Mait' I't (lunn i'iiii(;.iis .so .sont H's par It'M (IiMn 1)11 t'liiiiriiist' on L'lori I'iiifentiori 10 Jrised, WHS dis- miuis.sioii from milod into the lion to scvoral u tlic maps of and Bay, took tlicreuiito 1)0- 20 l''irt, wluTuin roi/i ho sailed, Hi I'irst, Miado Uivcr of Port n.scription do- iid possi'ssion, "d to tlii-j day 1 Englishman ;};> 'liiice Rujirt ■IV, wiiich he 1 lands there- light therato adventurers, ', and within torios within 40 ruspondence, Jommerco or, Pert Nelson- 1 Factory in ndt'd nearly its of their i Ml Hi. H,,>,t/, rii«U l„ II,„|,„„,, B.y a„.| T,.ml,„io. ,l,.„.„„l„ I..1 i,,,. l„i„.. i| ,„„„. '' "" ■«!" I . ^-H„i.,;-.K,, i„ .,„. An^:H:;,;;™;:;;;j;;;:r;,:;:;:'i;;\::;';':,v''' "r .tiiiNr Al'l't.SIM.t. .S.C. VI. Trnititu inttl I It II itti'int — III '; (•..!( Iti'ifiiin tiitii TliiiiHiwtinim "f l';n,.||r.(i .'iiicl I'rrmli * 'i'Mltlll,Hil(t|l- iTN, |i;m7 : Kiiu'lUh Mi'innrial tiiiuliiri(j Kiiilnuiia Hay. Riponse.* 20 t1"'Frw,!h ^" '^"-^■■'' •!"' ^'^ '^f'P^'" ''^"•'' Routes (•(iimniH- 1^'^ fincicnno.s cartes, la LV.te de Labrador tlt"M',I,'',- '^ *^."- "'",'' """""*^ !""• '^« %i the Commissumcra of Her Britanmc Mujesty upon the subject of Hudson Bay. I 462 .To I XT AmiMiLx. S.v. VI. Triiilii,t mill l'"ini III, n,i.1- (/) '•>,„/ JIntiiiii mill FrttitCf'. Traiis:i(ii,i,,,s "f Knurlisli and Kiyncli C'nmniiH.siuii- ers, 1(J57, "t.le a ik.e ,1,. Nonl du Canada couune ,.lu- Meurs ,.uf,v,s ont fait, n.ai.s il est constant , u'il ";.-' Pnt point ,„.so.ssion ny ayant aucn acte inent tait par ks Anylai.s. Ki;pl,v (if the I'Vi'iiuli (;iini iiii»!ii(iiic>rB. Le dn,u,,uonvond,ait prendre par les cartes "•"'-■"- et sans an.nn fonden.ent. ces sorte. d'ou \'-aj,..snetant point faits par ordre ni par parti- ci.fc un ,,„e la nonveantd ponr en avoir nn plus J-and del„t, et prennent les dernieres relatb: q" -K t.ouvent ,san,s «'.nfornur d'of. ellos viennenfc 'Si on veut adniettre ces sortes do preuves lea .;an,.us feront voir par plnsienns relations in.pr" "'CCS a Londres avec privik^ge qne tons les pavs 0" q.est,on leur ont appartenu avant de Charles, 400 lieues. o7 vie.t '1 c^'t" 7T ? r''"l" ™^ '''■""^' ^^ ^^'^"^P'"''^ •'---- 20 Anglais entr6rent irn la ri^^l nu'il ^'^' - I f ' " '"'"" '' '" '""^ "''■^'"-' '' ^^ -^t'^l'lit Ku;ert, ok ils on Hi el 1 T"'"-""' TT?' '' """ '"""'^ correspondance avcc les 1 , u 1..S one o.iti ensuito un fort, niais ce naturels du pays pays ieur otait si peu connu qu'ils furent obli-rc^s de H y faire introduire par les nomnies Grosseli^ers et Kadisson, Vrmqak, habitants du Canada, qui quit- Tlie Fivnol, occuiuecl at tlmt'^ii^TdTu^i^sinm^^Ti.. thoy will i.rovo it by tJio verbal proceedings c,f Mr. Cl.am- plain that ho to„k possession of then., and of those which are hvo hundred leagues on the other side, the country of the Iro,iuois, and the Saguenay Kiver, .and there made settlements, whicli have been carried on. Instead of, as iBsa.d m the article at hand, it appears that after the voy.age (,f the Knight, Thomas Button, in lG12,the English returned cmly in 1U31, which proves that they had never been m that country to settle themselves, but only oc- casumally, and, as it ha.s been afore .said, to find a p.-vssage on the western side to go to the Indies. As for the place Nelson, they znay have occasion- ■illy cist anchor there, but there was never any tr.ace of a settle,„ent till the year 1C82. when they can.e there. After that the I rench had built a fort upon the Bourbon 1 .ver ; and a proof positive that they n.ade no settlement there, nor had any intention to settle then.selves there at that tnne, is that they had no authority from their King to do so, untd the year 1070, by letters fro.u King Charles the Second. This cross can only have bee' erectcl by the French, and it is an infallible proof that they wore the first possess.TS of these lands The na.no New North Wales given to this country m 1031, ,s .,o proof against the first possessio,. by the trench, wh.ch ,., s,„co the year 1040, besides that, this place ca.. have no connection with that of Nelson being at a d.stanco of about four hu..dred leagues. It i» understood that at that ti.ne the English entered the nver, wh.ch thoy „a...ed K„port. where th.y aftc^ wards built a fort, but this country was so lit le known to them, that they were obliged to gain an .FolNT ArrKNDu. Sec. VI. Ti'tatit ^ and < ',«< Ilridi III and J''riinci: Tr.uis;u^tion« if Kiiplish aii.l I'Vouch CoiuniissioQ- CT«, 1087 : Ki'ply of the I'rifiu'h ( Viin- iniiiHiuiiL'ri*. PL 464 .TniNT Ari-KNiMx. *^^^"^ PO"r Ja premi6re fois la compagnie Fran- SeTvi *'''"''° '^1 "''•'* •'"•''■vaicnt. Treaii„„n,i^ I' n'est pas vraiseinblablo que la tialiison de ces (in-"'::r '^'^"■^ Homines puisse scrvir de titre contre Ja coinpa- anH'f-ra.c.. ^""-" ^^''i^V^i^e qui en fit ses plaintes en ce temps la Tran.;;;;rion, "^ f.™"''""*^' ^'*'P»'-^ '^ ^cmanderraison de cotteu.sur- mJ'rn-nch "^ ' '^^'*"'*^^ 4"' s'lrvinrcnt en Europe i)eu "mnm'ission. '^*'' *^'^'"Ps 'iP'C's ont fait uogiiger la poursuite de mianiunera. R,™;v nf'the ?''"'■'' ''""^ ^'^ compagnie Franvaise ne s'est jamais French Com- "'-"^'Stee. i^ts 1- ran(;ais n ont aucune connaissanee de cette prise de [.ossession qui ne pourrait avoir aucun lieu (iuand elle seiait veritable, puisijuo les Fran- 9ais etaient les premiers occupants tbu.les en titre et qw':l n'y avait point de guerre entre les deux lo.s^etqu'aucoiitraire le traits de Breda fait en 1G67 les maintenait dans leur ancien droit, Cette concession faite depuis le Traitd de Bre'da qui porte que les sujets des deux rois demeuroront en possesion des terres qu'ils posst^daiont au pre- mier Janvier, 1GG5, ne pent avoir lieu co>.tra le droit des premiers occupants, que les Francais ont par un titre antecedent. La negotiation qu'il y avait en ce temps la entre les deux rois pour un traitc^ g(:>n6ral de commerce ou cette art-aire devait etre comprise, fit qu'on donna a monsieur de Frontenac de n'entrcprendro nen contre les Anglais dans cet etablisseiuent ius- qua nouvel ordre. En 16G9 le Capitaine Newland entra dans le Port Nelson, et doclara les titres et droits do Sa MajfsttS sur cette riviere et terres voisines en y plantant les armes du Roi comme une marque de sa souverainetd sur les dits lieux. 10 introduction to it through two Frenchmen. inhabha^tT^ Canada, named Desgrossellior and Radisson, who, for the first time left the French Con>pauy which tliey served It 18 not probable that the perfidy ol these two men can be used as a rifrht against the Freneli Company which at that time n.ade con.plaints alnmt it, and has smce continued to demand an explanation of that en- croachment The matters which happened unexpectedly in Europe shortly afterwanis caused the search about this to be neglected, from which the French Company has never desisted. ' The French had no knowledge of this taking pos- session, which could have no place, even if true, since the French were the hrst possessors, established by title, and tha there was no war between the two Kings, and o^ the contrary the Treaty of Breda, signed in'lCCT, upheW them in their old claim. r ^- « This grant n,ade since the Treaty of Brfeda, which con- veye that the subjects of tha two Kings ^hall remain in En 1G70 le roi d,5funt octroya une Chartro aux dits intere,s.st5s et en forma une compagnie, leur donnant pouvoir et privilt^ge de trafiquer, (a I'ex- 20 clusi.m de tons autres), c3 Le traits conclu au mois de Novembro Ifisr 20 465 En 1G82 les agents et les facteurs de la coinoa fac one dans le Port Nelson, quand ils furent trou! st t'": /,r"" '^'^ "^^ '- ^''•-.■'-. nonob- s an uu otabbssement et une possession conti- "sSr^tT^t'^'^'r^^^^^'-^'^-p'^'--^'- resses ont fait une dopense de pr,\s de 200000 hvres s erhng. tant pour batir do's forts que p^ur otabhr leurs factories. ^ ^ 30 possession of the lands wlnVl, fi,~ ' January, 1C05 c.nnot l'"''' """^ ?"««<'«« "" the 1st of first pLossors, TS/SrFr'r'/'" ''^"' °^ ''"> title. '"" ^'""='> ''»v« hy a prior River, and that ] ! E , ' "''"" "^"^ ^""^''■"» their first clai ani tlfaf fn'""" ""^'' "'''' "'-"' made; obliged emtr,"\"'° »°"'e"'0"t they had to dis'turb C : ui rtVeh'^ ?'^"'' "■"" ^'^-"^ ^"-^ satisfaction for ho ab, uh f . '"'''""^ '*"' '^"""'nd belongings, r^i^^^Zl'^^^, ^"Vl^" ^^' named Radisson Th« T. ^- *'"" "^ the man November, 1C80 w.mW .1 "^ :'"""' '" *'"' ■»""«' of than to th.; e'Sl; f ' t ^rb'^'^r"'^ '- ^''^ ^---^ it appears that the wo KiZ L "'''''"'""' "''^'•''">'' ''"t 'natter in reality upl fh7 '' "^'""^ *^' ''"-^'J" the -Houid be bro„itrth;\:7o:::„::^,r « -^^^^ It remains o.Jv now t-, «v . . Pf""'^ of Commerce. render justice in the Lr„rof"tr "" '''"'^'' ""'^ *° belong. '"^ °^ ''"° <*"se, to whom it shal 59 Le droit de Sa Majesto sur la Bale d'Hudson et pays vo.,s,ns ayant .5te ainsi conserve ..ansTte a o. o aussi eonfirn.6 par le traito conclu entre sl auron tons les donmines, droits et pr^-^rninences dans les .ners, dotroits et autres eaux de I'Cl nque dune mani^re aussi ample et etendue qu^l en jou.ssa.ent alors, et comme ceci etablit et con fime le dro.t de Sa Majeste sur les places ; o" tlnt-rrtf ^"«'"^'^™^^ ^^ Hudson aussi J etabl.t-^1 et le confirme sur celles dont les mar- chands Fran^ais se sont depuis quelque temps em pares, lesquelles places -, la signa'.re TllZ Jta.ent reputes par les deux parties e^-tre en la pos ess.on des sujets de Sa Majesty la dite saisie dfanfc sans contradiction commise en temps de pa L par cj^sequent ne pent Hro reputee une juste et £ time possess.on selon Finteation veritable du traits Joint ArPE.NDlI, Sec. VI. Treatira and ('iinvcntiom- (1) (Ireat Jlrittiiii and J''rance. Trana.ictioni nf lOnpliah anj I rtnch Conimissiou- ers, 1C87: Reply of the rrench Com- misaioners. 466 Joint Appkndix. Sec. VI. Treaties and OumriUuinn— (1) (/riat JIri tain ami France. Transattiiiiis of Kiijflish and French Commission- ers, Kisr. La Coinpagnie Fran(;aise de la Baie du Nord du Canada produit ; (1"). Une commission en forme d'edit du Roi Fran(;ois premier, donn6e en Prdofs produced by the French Conimissionurs aiiawtrs i(> cue nio- ^^ ^, \j n^ vuiuiiii^sit^ii vn luiiiiu utijuiu uu xvui L'luiiuuis uiciuici, uumioc uu Bon's liay. " I'annoe 1540 en faveur du Sieur Robervai, pour prendre po.sses.sion de toute.s lea terrcs que le dit roi avait fait docouvrir en I'annee 1525 par le nommo Verazzano Florcntin et par Jean Cartier de St. Male en 1534 et 1535, daas laquelle commission la Baie du Nord du Canada qui a etu depuis appelee HuiUmii est comprise. S**. Luttres jiatontes du Roi Henri le Grand de I'aunt^e 1598, par lesquelles il ^tabli le marquis de la Roche, Cottenmel (f) son lieutenant au pays du Canada, Hochelaga, Terres Neuves, Labrador ]iivi6res de la Grande Baie, Ri\i6re de Norembegue et terres adjaccntes des dites provinces et rivieres. Ce.s lettres patentes, en forme de commission, sont enregistr^es au Parlement de Rouen et portent en 10 termes formels que les dites terres n't^taient habittJes en ce temps li\ par aucuns sujets des princes Chr^ tiens. 3". Les actes d'une soci^t^ de marchands, ^tablie sous le nom de Caen, qui y ont fait actuellement eur commerce jusqu'en 1627. ^Kreich^Com- ^' " "'^''^ lettres patentes du Roi LouLs Treize, en date du 2.9 avril 1627, qui forma une nouvelle compa. raissiom-rs in gnie a laquclJe il conceda tout le pays du Canada, tant le long des cotes depuis la Floride que les roia, answer to ,,, .... ^ ., English ses prodeccsseurs, aval t fait liabi tor en rangeant les cotes de la mer jusqu'au cercle Arctique pour lati- tude et longitude depuis I'lle de Tcrreneuve, tirant a I'ouest jusqu'au Lac dit la mer douce, et au-del^ que dedans les terres et le long des ri res qui y passent, et se dechargeut dans le fleuve St. Laurent- et dans tous les autres fleuves qui les portent a la mer. Dans lequel espace de pays est comprise sans "" difficult^ la Baie du Nord du Canada appelt^ par les Anglais Hudson. 5. Un Acte tirt^ des registres du Conseil Souverain de Quebec en date du 26 avril 1656, signe Pevoret secrdtairo du dit Conseil, par lequel il est prouvd qu'un nomme Jean Bourbon, commandant un vaisseau de la dite compngnie courut toute la cote du Nord du Canada, entra et fit de nouveaux actea de prise de possession dans la dite baie. Menioriil, touching Hudson 8 Bay. * The French Company of the Bay to the north of Canada produces ; 1. A commission in the form of an edict from King Francis the First, given in the year 1540, in favour of M Robervai, to take possession of all tlie lands whicli the said King had caused to be didcovered in the year 1526, by Verazzano Flcjrentin, ami by Jaccjues Cartier, of St. Malo, in 1534 and 1535, in which commission the Bay to the north of Canada, which lias since been called " Hudson," is included : — 2. Lottew patent of King Henrj* the Great, in tlie year 1598, by which he appointed the Marquis de la Roche Cottonmeal,f his Lieutenant in the countries of Canada, Hochelaga, New Lands, Labrador, Great Bay Rivers, Norem- begue River, and lands adjoining the said provinces and rivers. These letters patent, in form of commission, are re- gistered in the Parliament of Rouen, and convey in set terms that the said lands at that time were not inhabited by any subjects of the Christian Princes. 3. The deeds of a sociotj of merchants, established under the name of M. de Caen, who did actually trade there until tlie year 1G27. 4. Letters patent from King Louis the Thirteenth, dated the 29th April, 1627, who formed a new company to which he granted all the country of Canada, as much along the coasts from Florida, as the Kings, his predecessors, had caused to be inhabited, coasting along the sea to the Arctic circle for latitude, and longitude from the Island of the New Land, inclining to the west, to the great lake c.illed the "Quiet Sea," [Lake Huron] and beyond, and within the lands, and along the rivers which j)a8s there, and empty themselves into the river St. Lawrence, and into all other streams which carry their waters to the sea. In which extent of country is included, without objection, the bay to the north of Canada, called by the English "Hudson." 5. A deed taken from the records of the Sovereign Council at Quebec, dated the 26th April, 1056, signed by Peuvret, Secretarj' to tlio said Council, by which it is proved that John B(jurbon, commanding a ship belonging to the said Com- pany, sailed along all the coast of the north of Canada, entered, and made new acts of the taking possession of the said bay. (f) Cuttcnmca!, vide Charlevoix. Tome I, p. 108. Avote. lit:* smier, donn^e en ision de toutcs les oinmo Verazzano la Bale du Nord ?tabli le marquis Neuves, Labrador 'inces et rivieres, len et portent en 10 des princes Chre fait actuellement e nouvelle compa, jride que les rois, 3tique pour lati- douce, et au-deli ive St. Laurent- ist comprise sans ^^ ivril 1656, signe , commandant un e nouveaux actes 10, in favour of M , the year 1525, by e Bay to the north [arquis de la Roche Bay Rivers, Norem- ommiasion, are re- ot inhabited by any ctually trade there V company to which jcessors, had caused Island of tlie New d within the lands, -) all other streams e bay to the north signed by Peuvrot, to the said Com- g possession of the if 467 qu'en^l We'lfifinV" ^""'' ',' ',' Ti'"'?' "'^""' '' '^"^ ^'"^ ^^^'°"- -i--nnaire, qui pronvcnt .To,.. ou'ik rr . '""T' " '"^ ^'"° '^" ^^"••'' '^" ^'^"'^'''-^ ^''"-^'"t expres a Quebec pour conlir.ner ^^""^■-'•^• Le dat y^^o Dablon y fut envoye par terre awe le dit Sicur de la Valli^re, accompagne de cinq soldats. ^;';:S-",_ 10. Af' .^"^.f '"'f ■^''^'^ ']'' S'^"'- 'I'Avaugour pour lors Gouvorneur de la Nouvelle France en date du '4?""' est joint un certiticat du dit bieur Couture, portant qu'il fait co voyage en I'annt^e IGGo et fait t.l'inter "''' '"'^• 10 e nouveau sur les terres du fond de la dite bale une eroix et les'armes du roi. gra ;« en ui v placdes entre deux plaques de plomb au pied d'un grand arbre. 8. Lo proems- verbal du Sieur de la Chesnay de la dito prise de possession. r.rJ' ^' ^''fr r^'""*'' ^? ^' ^^"^'''' '^^ ^'^""^ ^^^^ P'^^ ^^^l"^"'^^ «"° reunit k la Couronne la pro- pn6to des susdites terres sur la cession de la dite compagnie. ^ 10. Autres lettres patentes du Roi de 1'ann.^e 16G4 par lesquelles Sa Majestd ayant t^abli une nou- vel e compagn,e des In es Oceidentales. lui conc6de la Nouvelle France avec L menfe dtendue q" Louis Xin. 1 avait conc»^de a la compagnie qui fut etablie en 1627. Pmof by ^ French Com- 1 , ,. , ' •v-..v.wv..iu ,.ui.i,j;a ICO uai/ious ue i)ius cent iieues a la rom « Mh.i 20 au nombre de d.x-sept, lesquelles se soumirent volontairement , la domination de Sa Maje td l" ' S.eu. de St. Lusson y p lanta ensuite la eroix et y arbora les armes de Sa Majesto. Ces dix-sept nations "^^ comprenajent toutes celles des Outouacs et de tout le Lac de Huron, celles d^ Lac Supdrieur dc tol l2 terres du Nord et de la Bale d'Hudson, celles de la Bale des Puans et du Lac des Illinc^rco le 1 amplement justifie par le dit proces-verbal de prise de possession. Irion H 6. Certificates of M. de la Valliere, officer, and of Father Dablon, missionary, which prove that in the v.-.r KTI the said M. dela Valliere, accon>panied by five soldiei '"'"" '""'' "'"''^ ""^ '''"^' "'^'^ pern^ssi^r7z;r;:^^sr;rrrLS:.!nrcrtr .^..ition of the .^ges, who had returned to g.l.ec lo^^^^^^^ th. con. n.ss,o„ .s added a certificate from the said M. Couture, conveying that he n.ade this v. jt i, tTe ^".1003 and erected anew upon the lands at the bott"'•»"""■•' L»".> ll»TM,u»„tl, hrf concd^d i., ,1. ingly .„bmlU,J to Hi. M.J.,iy. d.lir T ,f ., JTl d S. l1 h""'" ~°':';,""™'»""- ""»'»». """ -ni^ 468 Joint Appenuix. Sec. VI. Memorial Treatut ami Cimvmtiiinx — (Irrnt Itriluin anil France. Transactions of Knglisli and French Commission- ers, 1687 : of (hiinages 8\ifferi!(t by tills Kiigliah C(inijiiiny, with the answer of the French C'ommisrs. thereunto. Reponse* La Compagnie Franfjai.se du Canada soutient et proiivera (jue Ics Anglai.s n'onfc eu ni etablissement ni factories dan.s le Port do Nelson avant I'annt^o 1682. Yoici le fait qu'il.s certifient ve- ritable et qui servira de reponse h. co qui est dit ci-j^-cot^. [Memonal of Damages suffered by tJie English Company.'] Copie du m(''ilH avaient faite Memoiialof "u 1 annde 1667, en introduisant los Anrrlais a la the Ff:nch" '•'^•'''™ ^» '■« appellent liupert et autr.s Lux cir- •n-wer convoisius dans la Bale du Nord du Canada. Ces deux vaisseaux dtant arriv<of Messieurs les commissaires pourront juger par les faits cdcssus dont plusieurs Angla:s quf en ont onna,ssance rendront tdn.oignage, si la compagnie d Hudson s Bay est bien fondde dans les prdtendus donnnages et intdr^ts qu'elle doit avoir soufiert en y ^ this complaint, S'i tfn'TV"' ""' ""^'""*'' '^^■•^"-t the English in 1684, and that these two ships luwing found tJie LgU J , """"'^ "" '^ii'iana rcncontrerent -."""""ai a 1 embouchure des ddtroits un navire de la com- 'hTiS HuTr°'"f ^•"■?""^ ^' Perpetuana. Edouard Kt^. Humes, ma.tre, qu. allait rendre son bord a Port Nelson avec sa charge et provision.s, qui dtai, n destmdes pour le service et pour lavancementd f abhssements et factories des i.itdres.ds, et s'en etant empare, ils I'em.ae.u-.rent a Qudbec, en Canad." avec le maitre l-oquipage et quatorze pa.ssage. s q^^ furent fa.ts pnsonniers, ce qui a causi une^pert'ei a compagnie du moins de cinq mille livrci ster ling,comme aussi aux proprietaires du vaisseau M de H R r ' ^' "'''"^ "f "^ commission from M. de a B.arre, Governor of Canada, entered the saS Bay with two ships and fifty men, and went t, p" Nelson, which they entered with violence, and bui t a f above that belonging to the Company's f.,,,„;iVv his meanBt..k that year the Colupi.-s trad '„ t e Imlians, which is a lo.,s to the p.arties concerned of at ea ten thousand jjounds sterling. In the month of July of the year 1085, the two above me„ti.med ships, returning to Canada, ni t, at the iiuth o heStraits oneoftlieCo„,p,any-sships,nan;edtleZ^^^^^^ ant o Perpetuana, Edward Humes, master, who was g, h ' to cast anchor at Port Nelson, with hi.» car.r„ .,,,,1 „, !^ ^ which were destined for the service, Zt^tTZ^"^ .uent of the settlements and factories be . .g't ' I" parties concer:..d,a,id having seized upon her, t ley b , U her to Quebec m Cana.la, with the master, c ew, and fotr t.en p ng,rs, who were m.ade prisoners, whiJh caul: a OSS t< the Company of at least five thou.sand pounds ster .ng, hkewise t<. the owners of the ship, for the ss of heir sailing vessel, freight, wages and cl!, hes of th mas ter and crew, of at least twelve hundred and fifty-five pieces In tjie year IGSG tho French of Canada took and ruined by violence tliree forts and settlements belonging to tit Company, „tuated at the bottom of the Bay, an'd th e o 470 AvpkZx. „ ^' * '^•^J^ ^^^ rdpondu h cetto plainto que lea s.,rv'i ; ™"''*'» "'°"t "♦'■n entrepris contre Ifs Anglais en Trauicawi ^^^*' ^^ 'I"'' <=®» ^'^^^ vaisseaux ayant trouvt< les (i)"'/n«;""~ Any''"'^ t^tal.lis par Radisson ne toucliorent ni h. anut'rancf ^^''^^- ^'^^^^ "' "^ ''''"''^ habitations, quoicm'ils les pos- ""' —"'"'■ sddaiont contre toute sorte do justice et do raison '^'^'Im" ""^ "'^ contenterent d'entrer dans une petite riviere' "InS- °°"""*-''' ^* Gargouso a demie lieu do la, oi, lis era, Kis? : furent obligds de passer I'hiver, et ils s'oa retour- nerent ensuite a Qut^bec. Ce vaisseau n'a pu etre pris par les Fran^ais, lesquels au contrairo demandent la restitution des agrtVs, poudres et au munitions enlovdes a un bati- ment Fran^ais. ^Muiforiai of ^"^ compagnie du Canada convient que n'uyant dan'mgl^l ft",d pu '^^"''' '"^''^on en Angleterre ni en Fj-anee de atw,'7"''' ^''"'J Preston au sujet de l'enl6veinent qui fut thereto. fait en l'ann,5e 1G83 de son fort, niagasin et niar- chandises a la rivi6re de Bourbon, le dit milord Preston ayant dit a leur agent que cette affaire no regardait point le roi, son maltre, ne s'agissant que des intt^rets des marchands. Elle prit la resolution au mois de juin de I'annde 1686, nayant point assez de vaisseaux pour reprendre son fort do la rividre de Bourbon, d'envoyer quatre vingt-dix hommes par terre aux forts Rupert. Monsslpi et Chiclutchouan, desquels ils se rendirent les maitres et enlevferent les marchandises qu'lls y trouv6rent pour rdpressailles de ce que la compagnie do la Baie d'Hudson leur avait enlevd au dit fort de la riviere de Bourbon en I'annc^e 1683. settled by Radisson, touched neither their forts, nor their habitations, altliough they possessed them contrary U> all sort of justice or right, and contented themselves with entering a small river called La Gargouse (the CuHrulaA half a league from thence, wliere they were f.,rced' tci remain the winter, and then they returned Uj Quebec Tins slup cannot have been t^iken by the French, who on the contrary, demand the restitution of rigging, powder and other ammunition carried away from a French ship. The Company of Canada agreeing that not being able to have satisfaction in England, nor in Franco, from Lord Preston, up..n the subject of the seizure which took place in the year 1083, of its fort, magazine and commodities at the Bourbon River, the said Lord Preston having told Its agent, that this matter was no concern of the King his master, as it related only to the interests of merchants the Company formed the resolution in the month of June' m the year 1086, not having enough ships to retake its Fort on the Bourbon River, to send ninety men, by land, to the Forts Rupert, Monssipi and Chichitchouan.make themselves masters of them, and carry off the goods which they found there in retoliation for what the Hudson's Bay Company liad carried off from tlie said Fort on the Bourbon Rivrr in the y«ar 1683, par la pcrto do leur biitiment et de son fret, gages et habits du maitro.et do lequiiiage, du moins de douze cent cinquante-clnq jiidces. En I'annde 1680 les Franr/ais du Canada prirent et ruin^rent par force trois forts et dtablissetuents de la compagnie situds au fond de la baie et trois de leurs vaisseaux, avec une grande quantity d'effets, provisions et munitions que les intere.ssds avaicnt aina.s8ds pour s'en servir dans leur ni,,(< nrilninaml t'raiiff, TrilIlH;lrtiiin» "f KriKliah and Krcnih t'i)iiiniiHsiii(i- era, I(;n7 ; m En«li!ih r('|)ly to tile |ire- Kri'iK'n ttllSWtT. It hftt!i Won already snid that thn Vr„„-u s...,.t. „. „„.,.„ ,.L that :^^^^:^r:;'r::^:;zr^:ir^'' - ^^° -^ -• well as i„ the other, they did not ^ ' tl ^I^T^^rr' "f^ ^^•''"" ''"' ^"-"' '" ^ '-'' ^ usual .narks of the .sovneig„ty of their mast ^1' n '" ""- "''''" ^"'' "'""^ ''■"'^' '^"'^ '^''^ '''" ■ t'""- n..o,led nut at that tin.u any Lr 1 , '^' """" ^■''''•'' '"'^'^ ""^ '-» -"- ••"-"«.-'. -l-ich other nations never dlHpuS. '=»"'^'d«'-able nav.gators to maintain Hi.s Majesty'^ rfght tunes do testify on like occa:ions. a 7 litht^^ *' « ^I'ngl'Bh m every rei,.. a.s the l>„Ui... Acts of all certain nmrk of the taking possession. *»' '"''' ''""' "^"^'ed where the Cross was a fonnal '^ZZl ta^.^^'Zi;I:;'X'lr^'tIe''Zi^r? m'^ ''l "-«'''--.. country after a nght to those parts, and leaves no roon. for L n.r ^i ' '^ «"«5'^i'^"tly J-'-'tify iiis M.jestys ".ade in 1,J,-. is alone solemn enough t" establi h ^r w . T^' ''"" Fotensions. The expedition the service they reaped therein from GrosTl Ij V'f '' "' ''" ''''''''''' "'"' '' "'^^ ^'^ '-'^ -li'l f-r n.ight as well pretend to the En-dish Co on J! W oT ""' *' ^'-^ Frenclunen. The Venetians -i.ht demand reason of Spain f..r heir p,::^^^^^^^^ 7'*^ *''« .iiseovery. and the Genoese State. There are few ex editions or voyl anV «I^ t/^ ^^'^"''^'^ ^"'""'^^ -- '^ -tive of that ^0 r iJiigiH^-r ''^' -^-^ - ^- «~ ^^t^=n:te:';:;: r:er ^ Tr^X^irkts- ttit ir:;tr^^^^^^ 7 ^^^^« ^'^-« — -hat the The right to the Bay an.I Strei^ht ^ T " ^ '^^^''' '^"' "'' '"^• ' n'^'^'^^^sary to prove His Majesty's title lothrriv:..^"^ 1 ' P'^'"'^ '"'^'^" °»t. '' will not be a small part of the formed indosdwthn HrilT' "'/"' Nelson, which are but members or needless to rehearse that in the year 1612 Call' N 7 ''"*"'"' ""'^'" ""'^'^ "'""^^^- '' ^^ 'il^-vise leaving his nan.e to that place; an.I that the fW °°'"^ '" '''''•^"" '^'''^^ ^^'''' ^i" '''^ death. ] 082. when they first began to build .1^1 I'l^^ ""T ''^' '"*" ""^* "^^ -^ ^^ad before the yea go V n.ere violence caused^n-eat loss and dl;" to" th p'T:' '" ''''''''''' '''^''''' ^^^^ ^--g '' French vessels can.e in tht year 1682 to Zt I ^"^^"'^ °'^^'«"' ^^ ^^ «^vned that the two Kakiakioway.thenameof kurLn blflir^rur^r' """'""' ^^^' ^^"^^ ^^ ^'^ ^->-- proved by authentic witnesses that these shins arrvf^.f^ ^"* '^ '''" '^'^ *^'° '^^'"^ t""<^ l'« Guilhan. was n.aster. being his Maiesty's sub S , t , ' "'' "'•^'^'^' ^™'" ^"•^^°"' ^''^''-f y-ung title, and who. though hi did nTt^t^^jX^ -""' ^'"'""^ protection of England, and as a subject to thect^ Company, w^., nevertheless under the royal the French ships pretended to do fox theirs ' "'"''' """^'"^ *^« ^"^'^ ^"'g'^^ ^^ J'i« "ation as This late taking of possession on wlnVli ^^ few days after by the arrival of another Vessel Tom Z TT^'l "^ !°""''"^ °"'- "°^'^' ^^ «««°°ded 40 at which time Mr. Bridgar.l, Governor for the Enil sh Co^ ' '"^T ''"'■"^'^'" '''' ^^^'"^ --« '"-«ter, *' right and title, and the privileges of Vhe Comnat ^TT '^^^ ^'^^^''^ '"^ '''° ^'•^"^''^ '^'^^ Majesty's which, these new confers overcame by ren^Zrl t^'"f' "' '^''' ^°""*'->^- Notwithstanding took their vessels with what they had on bf d hruJ- T ' ". ''^''" ^"' ^'" ^«"' "^"^ ^-^-^^^ of the Crown of England, which neL were ^:;^lS^^Z :lS:::^ :;":!:: ''' '''--^^ '' commerce, and tl,e .ctua] trying tl,cy have mT^uL^ ,? ,T°^ pnv.legcd tor bo comideraWe . .r.at or „, «.. t„^ ,,,^ ^,^ ^ rr;,!"!:'^ tS-- " '.° ^"'"'"- °^ "■= »^^ ctnries they hivu kept at so vsat fiU 478 tra.lin^. ,.f Lis .sul.J.u.ts uudJhh n.yuhwuWi" ^ ' " "^ I'..s,s.ssi.,n. nn-l tlu, ro,.,i,„,al '^'-^"■«• The En^'li.sh C'(>iiM)any doth not think if „IF i r i . * ''^'■'■' ^ '' French in 1083. seuinK what tlM.ydHo,tt^^'^^^^^ to „„.sw..r th. ,la,„a.os ,,„stain...l hy th. ^r';:';.' 10 con«c.,ueuco. ^ ^ co.rtsponde.ice. seen, very extraonlinary. aa,l .n,.y pn.ve of .la,r..,o„s l^^'l^^'^' taken, and in effect all the other letters lir"' "" '"l^i'''^ "^'ver heen any aetual possession «eein. no prince whatsoever c,,n e in 1 r I '" ! ,"■";:"" '" ''"J"'"^''^ ^" '''^ •^f".i"''».Vs ri.ht. titles as ho shall think best. 'J^. L ^^ n ' 3";^, ^ 'r ''"'Tr ^'T "'"' '' ^'''"''- -'"'^ -^-•" -^' that the Crown of Kn-dand po.ssesses"or Lth v^JtonTcuT f'l '•'^th, co.nprehend all -.t^' several laryo islands which .evorH, i Po«™'l on tlio Contnient of America, to.r,.th,.r with '''™"-h Now.ifth: co.„u.:;;: : r iXtTli^ ; ^^ffi- -• •'-'-'■ nisii,i;:ty.se.,d:i: --- Majesty's suhjects in An,erica. (Wo Z "n v L n a n 1 'T" '"" """'' '"^ "" ''''>■ ^•"' "'« 20 sul.jects even since the Treaty at UrlT woul .' " ''^"; 1''^*^^" I'"'^'""^^^'! V His Majesty's then,, after which it would not be , f \ ; ,;i'':;r'-' ^''^"''.' ^''" f--"' ''-'k «t to surprL that five or six French hud passed a la . T . '^r "'""'""■-' ''''^''^'^■'•■'•i-^. '^>' ove.i to prove •nuch n.ore just and -asonaC t \. y ,: a c^ :i di:::le':'if T"' '='"""' '''''' ''' ^■""^"•^- ^^ " the world, and which have continued "a 1 tin, I. "'T '"™'"' "'^''' '" '''"^ "'"^^ violenec of the French in their enterpWsl -U,^ ^^a;: lis^l l';;^"' "^ "" '^"^^^ ^^^^^ ^^ ^^« not ^n::.t ;::s;r;::i:^:;': -s^^^^ ">« -«- -™-- "^-i-- .ey are • . co.np:^:f rad:.^if::i;i;?;i^:;:ir:^,i;::t''''\^:;-- " ^"^''- ^^-^^ ^-^ ^^- «^ ^^« AO of the Bay and 8treights above alnonvh Mb h°"", ' *'^' °"' P-t-r.din,. only to ,he trade forts, habitations, factories and s ul 1 Xl s f t^\. r^r '"'''''' "' ^'anadu-and thnt the ">ade good as the first .Hscoverers ts t ^^^^^^^^^^ ""^'''7 ^^ ''''"'''' "^'' *^'-'- "'-^^^ and this for above twelve years t ^t W b fi T ^'^f/'^Jl''''^'^- ^«'"^' ^he lawful n.nrks of sovereignty, tra' '"''•'"'=''' "^ ^'^""''^°'l of their possessions and estates v thont su h' n irl /" """ "' P'^'^'' ""^ '^^^^ ^''-"-'^-« ^^--aved and unjust do require • "' reparation and satisfaction as proceedings so violent IS seconded dor,.,6oparl.8C„mmis- - I^e Chevalier Sebastien Cabot decouvrit cette nartie d,. I'Arr,! • i . •, Bairog de Fiance au p„t nn,.at;«„ .. v i. v,uuviiu cecce partie Ue 1 Ami^rique dont il etl.pri»,iep„,,«,,i„L.p»,,v.„t,,el E,tlt:;Jt rl^ •I'en voiiloir disputer lo ,lroil cc nu' k nVmt .^.r T '« P'»>' '1«"» l« pays, »'.ls sovisaicnt Hu.l.on, p„„,„e l„ Fran^ak „'„„t jamais c„„,„,o„c,S cV™ fairc atari 1' 11 i w ? ? °" f" 474 .III I NT B»o VI. Treat (it II ml C'linnnli'int (J) i/r,,u Hriliiin mill t'riiiii-f, Tranmiotidnii ami i' ri'iich CotllllliHNiDIl' em, Ilia; ! French cojiy of tlin iirt'fidinjf '^iiKliah re|)ly. n paraitrnit fort ctmn^o c,u.. «i Ton avait on il y a quoh,„o. arn.<..H la pnn^do .lo lurmor .lo. - An-lnis po..r touto cctte partio .li- I' \i,i,"-.ent poss...sion. ...ais il. ; den.eu.^rent .,„elqLi f.,..p« et y I^ nt j 10 .a..,, onlma...... .).«la ^.n....n.,.. de le„r„ n.„i,„s outre k. non.s qni r/ont poi-.t^hn,../,". , .i^ 10 uioit ,lci .Sa Alajo.std .pa. ,r<#'/'r^'s nations n'ont paa dispiit.^. te table cotto e.vct,on .lo C.'o.x a ete- prati.pn^o ,,ur le. A,..rlai,s .Inns tons Ion rei-n.s ro.nn,. "os Actes puLhcs on font fo. do tout tcn.pH .-t en pareillo-s occasions, ot Ton na jan.ais au,: , u irn" hur los pn«e,s .le posso.ss.on .lont les Croix otaient les umniucs co.taines. ' ^ Le non. do No.-th- Wales .p.'in.posa lo Chovalior Tho.nas button aux pays voimns aprf-s uno pri.o pa s conh^...s ot no la.sso aueun moyen aux autre.s nation.. .I'y porter lou.'s protonsions n.^Mno au 20 ; trix'rrr"/ 'r ^i-^'^•••-p'^-"^'- •.- - nt e:/n,i7estseuiJasL::::;.: r;: , ponies dAn,lete...-e p.e. p.„ C.ot I, Ht la ..^i^:: .o.^n. ri.C;: wt: ^Z «..oresni,l expeditions ni do voyages ni memo nw.l.nJ, l » Au rw«* on k voir que les Frnnvais n'ont jamais eu aueun droit snr lo Pays en nuestion dn «nrf„ que 1* rrau^ de B.eda ne fait rien pour eux ot justiHo souloment lo Droit de sTmIJI^ 30 Tenement que ces droits etant si bien t^tablis sur la Baio et Detroits de Hudson il nVst n., necessan. • ent.or .lans les preuvos de ses Titres sur la Riviere, CT.te et Port de N on ..in', qu un n.e.nbre et une petite partie renfermee dans letendne du ho.naine .le Sa M^.te so es d L non^s. llestn,eme u.utile .lo rodire qnen I'.nnde l(il2 le Capitaine Nelson y etmterpesom^o y ayant de„.e,n.d j,,sqn'^ sa mo.t. il y laissa son non> et que les'Fran.;ais no sont j a " fntnT L sI'tst'^M ™r;'"'*!'f «r>and ils eomn.enc.^rent dy batir n'n petit fort ''sur los li ^e d coli lln r"v . 'T, •'"■ '^""' '^'"''^ ^''^ ''"'' ^''^'"'^'^-'' extraordinaires .los pertes et douu .a 16. 2 a la Utd .le Ouest do la Baie .le H„,ls.>n appelka i:iiili'o)it-il.s aux nt-ils raison de ' ? II no so fait liingc do imtiona ico do la nation icstion, dc sorto t'' 30 on il n'est pas )n qui n'on est ! sous les sudits en personiio efc lis entn's dans les Kiiinos dos ;s ot d()in!iui<;jes inli'runt en I'an ay, le noni de ,n's autenti(|ues 40 111 sujet de Sa ; qui, quiti.iu";) I'Anglet.'ire i f ieux \ ■-— Ti:\ I'oit, fut encore le P^re, quand I de Sa Majesty I nos nouveaux ent uu prirent 60 Kntfliah rtplj. 476 deux yaisHoaux avec tout co uui rcstait (Wns qnoiq.iVn temps de Paix rt sur lo Doinaino do la Oouronno M^ d Ai.;,d..ter.e, qu'„i, tiavKit jamais contest.^ auparavant ui.ine en tenjps .lo guerre AiTm.rx. On sait bien .|ue la Ooncossiun .,u Lettres du Uoi octroydes »\ la Cnnpagnie Anglaise nc pout ,. *'"'■ ^^^ Hi.npl..|.„„tf,,nii..iuu droit, niai. rEtal.lissenunt duno Con.pa«nio privilegldo pour un LWui.erco m •w/X':- con..,l..ml,le ..I If Conuneice actuel quVdl.^ . entreteiiu avoc les Naf. .i. »u Pays en consequence do cette /{nMmLrf concession. Los Forts .piVlie a Latis en pi, i..„rs endn.its et les i -.et ..« .prelle a niaintenues .i lonjr '""!:'• temps av.e de hi ;rratid..s I )..p,HMes, font i.i.,,. voir quo Sa Majestc* 8 est fondiendant allermi [, r cette derni.'ie im.m,,, sion ct coinmurco continuel do sos sujets sous la favour de ft"'l''Koh Son Autonto Uoyale. ('..imrMMion. 10 Lii Lo.npiij,'nu. An;,dai>,e no croit pas. .'.evoir tenir ouff aux Frantjuis des donin.ag«H ju'Us souffrirent en Ian !(,«;» puisqu'ello n'a .i),d en ceito o.. ...sion contro llutnision dos Fran(,'ais qu'en consequence dos pouvoirset Priviloj,'es donnes par le Uoi pour le ( 'MiiinuTce de tons coh Pays. II inipurte pen a I'interet de Ha Majest*3 b. qu.-i m. ««rapporte ou au dernier Traitt< ou a son ancien ot premier .ln,it,.lont la Contostation et Proee.luivs par .Is v.u.s ,le fait . n t.-mps ,le I'aix ot sous iomhre .1 un Traito de bonne correspon.lunie parraissent fort extraor.linaires ot pen vent avoir do fort >> i-y daiif^'ereuNes suites. "* ''>" i"""- _ Pour (lep.,nse aux Titres pro.luits par Messrs I.'s Commissaiivs .le France, ou .lira -luo la romuiis- Bion du Jloi l-r.,o.;ais premier nest .laueune valour .1 leyard .les pays on .{UoMion, n'v ayant point om de Possession aetuelle et memo toutes les autres Lettres patenti^.s mentionue.s no peuVent ri.^n oj^rer 20 au pr.JM.liee .le Sa Maj...si,; puis.pi'..n no saurait empeclior que tout autre Prince ne donno il ses Oouverneurs, Agents et Compa.nies tels Titles .p,il lui plaira. Ceux que les K..is Henri I.. Grand et Louis I reize ont donnc< aux leurs, compreiuient tout ce que la eouroiiue.l'An-loterre a poss, .le et poss.v 'e en la Torre ferme .le I'Ameri.iue et plusi..urs (Jramlo's lies ce .pii pourtant ne pout rien diminuer ,1,1 dr.)it de Sa Majeste. Kt si Messieurs les Commissaires iusistaient sur .les Til ,'s .!.> cette nature 11 ny aurait point de surety pour les sujets de Sa Majestc^ .lans rAmeri.iue, et il y anrait touj.iurs h cr'aindro pour la L'.irolino, la Ponnsilvanie et autres pays possedds par les sujets .l'Au;:,oterro, memo depuis lo Iraite .le Bre.la, si l.'s Fia..,;ais tr.mvaient seulement k prop.>s .le les surpreiui/.' apres .pioi il ne leur serait pas .liHieile daileguer dos decouvertes imaginaires ot .lo prouver moine qie cimi ou six Fran^'ais y auraieiit passe et fait .piel.pie contrat avec les Indieus .,uel.pie temps auparavan . II est bien plus juste JD de se fon.ler sur des .l.'-couveites aetuellos et sur des prises .le p.,sses.sion d.)nt t..m V- nionde est .■unVenu et dont la 0..ntinuation pen.lant uno l.jnguo suite de temps est trop clairement pi uvoe par la violence nitime des Fian(;ais on ee (pi'ils ont entrepria en I'annee l(i82 et 168G. ^ Ponr CO .pii est des Pertes souffertes par les sujets .le la Franco, la Compagni. Anglaiso soutient .pi elle n'est pas teiiiio a les on dcdomiuager npr.'s une invasion si manifesto. II ne tiendra pas k la compagnie de la Bale d'Hu.lson .(Ue ses agents et ceux .i- la Compa-mio de Canada ne gar.lent eluicun lours Postes Tune ne preten.lant ciu'au Commerce de : i Baie et Detroits sudits, pourvu .,iie I'autrc ne fass, do sjn coto .ju.^ ccliii de Canada et .pie les F .rts, Habitations Factories et Etablis.semont de la dite Compagnie Anglaiso soiont restitues et ses Liniites evacuos on consideration .le la premiere occupation, les poursuites et marques legitimes de souver.iinott^ et la Pos- 40 session contiiiuelle de plus de .louze ans .le suite des dits Elablissements avant .pie les 'ran.'ais eussent songes h les atta.pier ou troubler lo commerce des Anglais, dans les limites daiso.* « ,,, 10 r ,. 11 Second Momo- 1 . La (.ompagnie iran(.-aise de Cana.la no pretend pas dtablir le Droit qu'elle a sur les cotes de tlfe' tS' la Baio d H uds.jii par do simpb s citatioiisjlo concessions aecordees paries Rois, comino 1,„ Compagnie Commission- * Secono MKMORiAL7r,w, the French Company, to'^erve as Ans,ver t7th^pl^fui^,hed by the Emjtish 1 mpany :- 1. Th'-> Frenc'.i (.'.,!i:!j.„.L:;y af fV,;ia,li ,-?„es n.-t ladciul to cswblish the right il ha.s u^ur thu sliurus .jf K daon Bay by simple (iuotut.0.13 of granU accord.d by the Kings, as the English Company t«ke for granted, on the contra r, it will only et (Ics Actes, qui justi- 'Etablisaeiiient ett'ectif 47(5 t™.-=;„.. l«U»i-il'.*o„. ''"°"'''*-'"»^'»"'^"»"«va,.„t«„c„„El.l,lm.,„e„t,„rle, cotc.de of KiikHhIi Qo \i 1 ri and Kicrifh " • '"GSSrs. Jos CoininiSSairCM nnnrmnf r>i„, ■ ™™. dcclmrgcl d,u„ Ic Bm.vc St. Laurona et .,ui Ic, portent i la mcr ''"' '"■"""' °' '° dent rum, coinmo les An-lais ne peuvent Witimpn.onf I'' 't.^ d^ 1632, les i ran(,.ai.s n'y prdten- des cotes du Nurd que le^lVan.ais o cum Inf o 1 ' ""• ^?'"''"' ^^"" ^'^ ^"""''^ ^^ '^"^'^ Terres .... . ^ occupa.tnt o« dont i]s avaient prit possession avant lo dit Traitd 20 soins que r^n^^ll^^ilT^r^:'^^'^" '-''' ''^'' '-' ''-'- ^"^- ^0 ^-P« et les veritLe^S^:^i:,!Sr:r^:^^ pour instruire les Sauva,es dan. la Missi,„n.aires avec des Agents dans tous sL^^^^^^^^^^^^^ '^"^">" '^''^^""•'' '^ ^'^^^ conune 11 sera .justlfie par les pieces et com n n "^ Z^vT^r " '"''"' I*°"'' ^" P''^'^^'''^ possession. Rivieres eta Montrcafen attendant iC^^L pouv^^^r"' ''^'"7"' ^"^''^"^' ^"'^ ^™^^ les suites. "^ '*- P""' °"^ pou.sser plus avant comine elle a fait dans, 2. It IS by theso kinds of prooh tliiit it 1i,,t„.= f i * .J. Tliu ConiniisBiDiicrs cm exiiininc im tli.„. ..^ , , , lHla„.i „f Now-l,->„,l. i.KlM.iiM, to tl,c went, to tho kko caZi i),! F if" ,"• ''^ '""'"''' '^""^ '""^''^"^''^ f-"" "'o nve. . .1. „o. .,a .,„, t,......vos into t,. St. l;;^ ili^'i^:; "-^ ^1^-t 2: '--■ - »>- - WO..M c ';;r :!;: t^2 o:r 't:;:;zr:;:i :sr i ^-r; ^""~ - '■- >- ^^ '•■« -^-ch that tlu.sol,.uuls having ,.nuu„e.l by tho Treaty .] a-' ;''', T"", "'"'-■' """'^ '"'"'"' there -it is an.swored n.ately lay clain, t., Canatla an,l other land.s on the nta'tl or„ f V"^ t"" '" "'^^'" -'=*'"" English cannot legiti- possession, before the said Treaty. ""-'" ""''''''' ^'"^'' t''" French occupied, or of which they took whieL'ri;;:i;:'r':;;::j^:u;z:^' "' ^--^ ^""'■^"" "-"-'-« '- «" ^"-^ -^--^ -^ wiu. «. atte„tio„ to Uke po.s.ses.ion of then, as it will be r v d by 1 r^ :;:f "'"T "' f "'" "■^''^"' ^^"•''^'' ''« '=""-«-'" -^-"2 «nd at Mont.ai-.a.., the opportun^ to be ilX^l S^: t::^-^^::-^' ^""^ ^^^^ ^^-^ I }s Actes, qui justi- ilisseiueiit efi'ectif fondcmont par la sur les cotea de les Faits ci-apr^s Etablisseinent. de utorisee par une 10 it Habitation do isques au Corcle tiraiit ii I'Ouest ni passent et so Septentiionale es pays qu'ils y 9ais n'y prdten- Jt autres Terres e dit Traitd. £0 lo temps et les vagos dans la iibord les dits dre jtossession, 360, aux Trois lie a fait dans, , magazines, and indation, by the in tlio maps and ittlenient of the d liy a doolara- iifQuoln'o, witJi itiido from tho and along tlio f it tlio French -it is answered 1 cannot logiti- hich they took 1 the attention ion, and fort«^ ion extended, rhroe Ivivuni, 477 Acto tir^ des lle-«nt "" Missionnaire pour les Instruire et un le jiere Dabh.n mission- -- 105C. the company sent one of"its '^i^^^^^T^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ 26th Aprd, 1000. round all the coasts ,n the north of Cana.la, entered and made new .leeds of takin .f^IsS in tho Bay, now called Hudson, but, as it was more convenionl h, f)„ <■ ■ 1 ix'sstssion ts settlement, on the land side, rather than the sea side, because of the ^T::^1^^^:::T^:^^1 nvers, for transportn.g skins to Quebec, it then made no settle.uent on the side of the sea, in the si d bL I ,^ ^ m view to arrive at it by degrees, as it has d.mo since. ^^' '""'"« ''''"">"• r.1I n '^';,""V""r''; M "'," ^''''y ^'^^' ^^^ ''""'P'"^ ^"'^^ >* f"^' "I^™ "'« River Netniskau ad by he Enghsh the Frenchmen's River, which en.pties itself into the lower "tl; Hudson Hay, two or three leagues from the river since named Rupert. 10 This same year, lC(il, the savages of the Bay came expressly to Quebec to ratifv fb. ,yv, •.■•■■■ ■" .- :•=-'"""" they had before taken, t.. live under the Don.inion of the French Thev ' k . Kr ::;SS; ^:^ '^^ ^ ""---•^ ^" *-^'' *'-"' -"^ -> -"i-r to conduct them, whicl^w.; g™;ted ' "''' forward. J^:i^Z:^r:t}:T^ "• /" "- y«"- If 3- t'- -'•! -vag- returning to Quebec, asking for help and other Fran.v,,hvt..d 10th May, lOK), Persons to conduct and assist in their matters, M. Couture mission^ir^- w..» = \ ,/ " ^^ oertiHcate.. ol Mr. .nen, and he erected anew upon the lands at th'e foot of the^B: .riZs' a:d t T r^ f hI Tlii.s Uiver of tho French is marked upon a map printed in Loudon. The Governor of New France sent M r. de la Valliere with five soldiers, and Father LelterH of re-union March, lOia. King engraved uixm a copper plate. for 12. In the said year, 1063, His Majesty re-united to his crown the property of all lands of ■ Franco, unontin nnsson nf fli,> n.„„„....... .„i,;..i. .• i.j , „ ., , '. ' /^.J "' •'" 'anas ot -. _, , . -J— -J • "^ """ "^'""" i-ne property of all l.anHa rvf ceded to it by the Edict of S. ™""' "''°"""' "" '' ''" ^"'""^■'^' ^'^^^^^^''^^ all the lands whicl had been con W^tl'^U:.:;^S:v.lS^ . , '': ]^ '''''' »'^ "^f^Y -''^^"'"-' -^ -- --P-y of the Westem Indies, to which he !««•»• >'^''J«J ■'» tiie s-mie lands which had been conceded to tho former company. '^""-n «" 14. In 1005, a fort and a factory were esUblished upon the lake called Superior, or Tracy. rll Joint API'KNDU. Sec. VI. TrenliiH aiul <'f>nnnfii>n3~ (!) (■•nut II ri III in and Frttnce, 478 ];Sta"/L^:brI ^ 15- EnlamemeanT,del6G5 toutes les Nations Iroquoises se mirent par un lC(i5. Irait6 solemnel sous la protection de Sa Majestd. IC. En I'annee 166C le Sieur du Boisprit possession au nom de Sa Maiestd do ,■.,. 1.,„ l.',._t.. .l.._ T_ _ ■ •" PiDct'-s verbal de prise ■ do piii-aiNsidU (lu 17 Octobre lG(i(i. tous los Forts des Iroquois. Trans.ictions of iviiglish ftnii Kri'iidi Coniiiiif..siijii era, 1US7 ; Second >rpm- orial put ia b^ the i reiuh Com missicmerij. ^'i^::^t,^r 'f ? '?'' !! ^"^ '^' ^^ ^'-^"^^^^ ^"* "^"^^^-^ P- -^l- ^^- ^ol a Ste-Maric du • Sault Chez, les Outaouacs, oh se rendirent les 17 Nations qui liabitent Ics Cotos de ia Ilaio, le.s,,uelle.s se .souuurent volontairen.ent a la Domii.^tion de Sa Maie.stt<. (Jes 17 Nations compronnenteeiles des Outaouacs, des lacs de Huron et Super.cur des Terres du Nord et de la Baie a Hudson, celle de la Baie des Puans et du Lac des Hlinois. Ace ,h. 90 ot 10 juillet ,, '^^ f " f ^^,? ^' P^re Albanel Mi.ssionnaire, et le Sieur de St. Simon envoytva«es. sauvages sasseniblerent ordinairement pour vendre leurs Pelleteries Le dit Pc-re AlLanei etle d.t Sieur de St-Simon y plantl^rent une croix et y arborerent les armes de Sa Maiestd du conscnten.ent du Capitaine Kia,skou, chef de tous les sauvages qui habitent la mer du Nord et la Baie d Hudson, i s allerent ensu.te a la Riviere de Minahigwskat oil i's firent la mtmo chose du consente- ment du capitaine Si.sibahourat, Chef des Mustasirinins. de Ilhno set un autre sur la R.viere Divine, que les Frangais nonunent le Fort de C.eve Ca^ur un o. autre sur a Rn.^re de Tabitibis, un sur le Lac de Piscoutagany et un autre entre les Outoulibiret' Z ' ASSGniT}()ClS. On dtablit avee ces Forts des Factories partout recevoir la pelleterie des sauva-cs Lu Con.pagme Franvai-se ayant aiasi etabli solidement son commerce du cotd'de Terre et ayant Jut eonstru.re plas.eurs va.sseaux pouretendre .sa Navigation fit batir un Fort et une Faetorie sm- la Rivi6re appellde Bourbon aupres du Port Nelson. ann/f'iril^ ''I '''-' f '^"t ''' "^tt "'"'"''"^ ^™ ""*'"" Etablissement en ce lieu la avant la dito annee J082, qu d y vmt une barque de Boston pour .se mettre a convert du n.auvais temps et queluue, jours apres un va..s..eau de Londres y relacha et ses cables ayant ete coupes par les Glaces^ fit nauf "o et ben !o,n que les Anglais y ayant dte maltraites par les Fran^ais ils y ont ro(..u toute sorte 3e ,o secours. Ce sont des Faits constants et faciles a prover. -^ !>oice uc jq Treaty of 22n(i M.iy, Ttli July, lytli iJecenilier, llilM. I'roees verbal of takinp poesesHioii, October 17th, IGGO. Procl'S verbal pORseKsioii, 1U71. of taking foru'!f .:: t^i'''"' '' '" """' '""' ""''''"^' '" ^"^ "-'" ^' «'« ^^'^i-'^' "f '^n t>.o ., ■ , ,• , .,. , . ? ^"'="'"'''=«' ^-h^To resorted the seventeen nations whicl. inhabited the coasts of the IVu- whicli natKins subnutted willingly to the Dominion of His M-ii,.«t,. Tl, ^ ■ "-"' '"^ ^"'i'*"^'"" tliu is.ij , r> ;. r T 1 TT , , i-'oiiuiiiou 01 MIS JHajesty. Ihese seventeen nations nc ude thcwe .,f fl,.^ SSTui:',^:.""^"" ^"' '"'"^"'■^' "^ ''"^ '^'"^^ "^ *^" ^"^''" -'^ ««''-" ^^'^^. ^'>'- -'f ^>- Ba;Si:'pL::; =:;: 18. In 1(;72, Father All)anel, nii8.sionary, and M. de St Simon B..nt ).v ,,..,1 , r *i i- ^ , the lands .,11.1 1. between the Kiver St. .i;renee, to DiSstT^r J^ ^1:" t/ wl 'tx^—r c-i led by the En,d,s 1 the I ronchnian ,s River, where the savages generally ..«,se,nble.l to sell their skins. T 1 f , ; Albanel and the said M. de St. Sunon erected there a cross, and engraved the arms of His Miiestv with t f Captain Kiaskou, hea.l of all the s.avages who inhabited the Nortli sta and Hudsr Ray Sv tl', ' l h""m higuskat Ki.r, where U.yperfor,ned^ 1... n the J ear 1 ,,3 tliere was built a fort at Cat^irakio, upon Lake Ont^irio, another aboCe the Lake of tl le 1 i" and ano her upon the Divine Kiver, winch the French named tlie Fort of Broken-Heart, another upon the Tb>ii' one on He Piscoutagany Lake, and another between the Antontibis and the Assenipoels. With the e fo ts.Ii e . 1 U 'od everywhere factories for receiving the skins from the savages. tstapiishecl The French Company, having thus strongly esUblished its commerce on the land side and havin-r construet 1 » i .hips or extending its navigation built a fort and . warehouse upon the Bourbon Rivlr 'nl P r IZ^ ^' ''''"'' 20. It has been already said that the English had taken no settlement in that .l.aee befor. the said ■ .;r 1C8-^ • th^ t there came a ship trom Boston, for shelter from the bad weather, and some days after a ship from Lond i p^; atl pti nd mirent par un Sa Majcstd do X Ste-Marie du liteut les Cotos js 17 Nations et de la Bale ■iimon envoyt^a 10 ouvent ilepuia 5 se rendirent ranyais oii lea Le (lit Pt'ie 5a Majestd du ord et la Bale du conseiite- 1 haut du Lac eve Coeur, un 20 toulibis et les !rre et ayant ictorie sur la avant la dite i et (jnelques y tit naufrago ute sorto de gg I solemn treaty, justy, (if all tlio [arie du Sault, ists (if the Hay, u tlidsu of the the Puans, and icssion anew of 'niirtkau I{iver, I'he said father the eoiisent of ited the Mina- Miistasirinins. jf the Illinois, 'abitihis River, ere established ;ructed several ir i()82 ; that into port, and ■ 473 I'annde 1082. ^ ^^'^ " ''"* ^" ^"'^""•^ connaiasanee do ce Taya la avant ^^•'';'^^:i"^- appen'e^:S:'d ::t':;::.^eLfrK'' '''.r^ ^"'^'^•^^ ^'^ EtaLHasementdana la Rivi^.-e T^^^ «on prdjudic.Mlan 1 a niaxinl n.S r IP "^^^^^^^ que eat Etabliasement n'a p„ etre fait a ^■■'■"'"■'• Koiane prevalent pc^r^r^^ :^ "^ itf 7'^'"^ ^''""; ''" ^^^"'^'^ '^"^ ^^« ^""-^^-- dea T-r^-;.. 10 dos An,ia£ les,uei:;:^r;ni '^:^ ^ ^";=^';-'- f- ^^ . Ce qui eat confinn. par la eol.h.ite 1-^^^"- I^..i..on, Habitlnts I Canila :^^i;: t l^^.tZ ^Z^'^'^ ^^ '^ «™''- ^t Fran'aia e^ ili^t:!::!z^t^:::t^: ' ^^°'^ f T'''' "" j"^^''^ '^"'^"-'^^^ ^- '- -■■"' -"'• m sea plaintes au chef dc ia CtoHe^ lA 1 ' ^T ^'"' ^«"^^'"'^""- ^'^ ''^ Nouvelle-Franee en i:;!!.'"' "' et „u'i ne trouWer. t n T^" '1'" '""P""'''*^ 1" '^ "'^^^^^ la .p.e pour fort pen de ten„.s '•■■"''•'' Com- (lu 11 nt tiouhleiait en rien le commerce des Francaia de nuoi 1p .lit ^in,,.. i v . ' '"i^i"",™. conte a Sa Majeatd. Elle en lit aes nlainto^ h I' A ,' ', '^"'" j'' '^^ '•''^"' ''« l''-"ntenac ayant rendu lors en France le,a>lpromirdlnltnoutf'T"^ fa Majeate Britanni.p.e ,„i etait pour i"q.o.tantea et^nt auiveres entre le Luv R '"-'' '^'l '"'' '""'^ ^^'^''""'^ '^"^•"'^^ affaires plus cet Etabliaaement ay™rfirt de^u s W V'°''^^ ""*' '' '^"^ "" "^"^''^ ^-"P'^' -'"-' contestation, II ny a He,, ,,„i c„,r,M,. |„ r,,,„,.,i ' "\ ™="" '«■' «""'"!' Je I Aiiii,,„|iic ,,,ii sont en Canada, ,„i vi ,t exprcs ci IVance" c^ aIr ''■ '"" •"» I'"«'*-''» en la Compagnio r,-ai,5ai,e de 21. Messrs. the Commissiiiner.s will judire if after -ill t>.„=,. ,.. <• , , ■ ia co.ect in .yin, that the Freneh U.J nli„, :^::;'r ::.r;tfoi;t^;':S' '"'"'^ ''" ^"'''' ^^"-^^ this settlement cannot have been made to ^ ^^ ^ "^ t'SZ.^^TZ Tr ?" '^"■'^" •'""■■'""'^- ^'^"'^ ^'^^ the Concessions of Kin^s does not prevail ove a ti s „,ss ' , . ^"*''''''' "-"■"'"'">■• "■'''^•'' '"l-''"^'^'- ^'-''t more ancient possession in this san e p ee wl i h iTsh f ","' ' " '"■'^"" "'"' "'^ •''■■''^' F'''-'"^''' ^''""l«^"y proves u there, were ol.li.ed to be guidor y D :,. ^1^ ^Tv ', K '^""'"^' "' '"" ^"""■^"- ^^■''"- ■•" -•'- !" -"' ' the French Cmpany. ^ ^^"^.rossolhcrs and lUdisson, n.habit^mts of Canada, and servants in the emjihiy of Chief of the En,li.sh Faoton-, who re lid t^ 1 e ' ^ L f '" 1 "'" T" '' """" ^"'"''' "'^''^" '^'""•'•-■'^ '" ''- turb the French trade : u,„in which t L «■ i M le Fr . ' ^ ^ " 'T ''^"''' *'""'' '""' *'"'^' ''^" -'"'''l "' »" "^y dis- plaints to His HriUnnic Majestv^ A d^ ^^, w,!::^E. t™:!;,:?"''''^-' "" '-'"'■'^ '" »'« Majesty, he matlelon.- the matter: but n,any,,therimp(.rt.u.t matters nT'vI,^^^^^^^^^^^ " "'''" '" '^■"■- t''" ^ruth of another period, so, this settlen.Lt having been rsi e t he ^ t if H^ ^''^-.t' "'"l"'"'^' "' "'" ^'"^ 1"" """ *" C.mnnissi.mers should be appointed on each side t( rcie tT • ^^ '^ ^ .letormined that nothh, .hinder the French from demanding w.th .1::^^ o;!- lIlT ^il i::Z^flZXfuT:. Z"^^^, ^ .J:nt^;i=ni:=s;^;i^^l;-^^^ n.ont n.ade by them upon tL Hourbo,: llile i^S^; ^J:::"Z^ZiZr''''' V 'T- 1 ""''''' " '^"° -"'- 0.0 of the parties interested in the Freneh Company of ^: :::1:^ :;S:::^^S:^::TZ::1 ^T1 m Joint Al'PENIJH. Sec. VI. Treaties and Conveiiliona' (/) (/real Britain and franco. Transactions of Kn^lixh and Kiencb CommiRniun. era, 1087: 480 2.5. De tout ce qui est contenu ci des.su. il resnlte quo les Fran,;,ais ont de temps en temps fait des EtabLssements nouveaux et so sont eteudus dans les lieux qu'il.s prelendent leur appartenir, < u'ils n'ont jamais et^ empechds de le faire ni troubles que lorsquon est venu les deposseder par violence et voie - de fa>t, d un l.eu ou ,1s av»ient autant de Droit de s'etablir que dans les autres Forts dont la t.o.ssession ne leur est pas contestee ni pretendue par les Anglais. Que cette violence faite par les Anglais na pas da etre exercde en pleine paix. '' ^ Que ce qui a etd fait par les Fran^ais dans la pri.so des Forts des Anglais en I'ann^e derniere. est de droit naturel, par lequel i est permis de repousser la Force par la Force et d'agir par voie de faite contre ceux qui s en servent les premiers. English auswt'i to the SL'cond Frunch Memorial, In answer to which His Majesty's Commissioners delivered the paper followinc. • 10 Tli.bf^TM *' *i" l«^t P^per delivered in behalf of the French Company of Crnada touching the Rights and demands of the English Company of Hudson's Bay. Tlie Company of Canada having already waved the establishment of a Ri.ir.;crU t w , *'"'' "',' ^[^^""'^y'^ •''"^•J'^'^'' °"'y are possessed of such a Right to the coasts, bays and St eight, of Hudson and whatever chance voyage may have been made or Missions sent for the ake of rdigion wih soldiers to protect the missionaries, the same could not bring any prejudice to the right of His Majesty s subjects deduced from the time of the first discoveries of America, and that if 20 before he year 16S2 any establishments were really made by any other nation upon the .said bay and streights (which is yet denied and not proved by the French), yet the same (if any such will appear) ;:o;j;rofristi-ei*'^ ^"^"'^^"'^"^^ - '- --'-' ^--^-^ °^ ^^^ ^^>-^'« ^--ignt^; an^d M ention has been made of Carolina and Pennsylvania only to show the insufficiency of grants and concessions no preceded or followed by discoveries and rightful possession, and His Majfsty is too much concerned in the consequence of such a position to esteem it of the least validity since at the same time (as hath been already alleged), His Majesty's plantations aforementioned, and other provinces and countries in America would be laid open to the pretensions and like invasions of the French founded upon so notable a precedent as this would be, if the Crown of England should upon such a 30 suggestion part with so considerable an extent of her dominions and sovereignty ('- - "'^--pt their trade, till the year -.y such acco Tl IJ an t" " f'Z'"""' " —'1"— to have been passed in silence upon French "irr tl^^k it elonal 'iff tb " " ^^'^^^ '""'''■ '' '''''' '■''''^'- ^'^ ^^'--' ^'''^^ ^he ^setendre su IslZ ''''''"' f'^'' ^'' "*;^^'>- •■«^«on«. to n.ake their advances, de prache et nroch. et ntnare ,.u, it'6 Lietu- appartniants a la Compagme Analaise till the v,>.,r ir«o t^ T lu rertoction t is to be honed fh» V..^^„\ -u ,- , ^' "£/""««• "" "le year 1G82. Upon further Which is so i.uriouX^:eXi td :: :;:c;:r i=^n„:s -^^^^^ treatLr:!^'"",!;;':^^;:^: -rt r'"n"'''"^r^ '7" '^ constitutions of nght th^re allowed by ...lawof nature :I;JL r^ f t.:;hjr^ as the French have availed them.selves even of the Christian King (who hatT-Us ~1 ' !T 1 ^^'r T\' ''''''"^ ^''"'^ '^'' -'"^^'^^ "^ ^^^ "'««t den.anded by' tl^ reite.ted 'liino:^;:^^^ ^;:~ t ^ S^ ^7 F:: ''^ t" ^^^^ expected w th inipatien-e lest h^r tl,„ n - i • -^ *, ""^".y '" '^'^^ l^ouitof i^ ranee and is now API'KNDIX. Heo. VI. Trratitu aiiij Cnitrt'tttintin^ (/) (/««< /Irifdin atitt Fraiict. TninsnctioiiH of KngliHli ftiul KriMich ConiniisHion- (.T.s, I«87 ; English answor to tho Hecond French Mi'iunria!. es Hpponse aii doniier 40 iDt'iiKiire de Fran^ais toiichaiit hi Uaie d'Hudson. d1^ "r^m"", '^" ^'"T^' "' pretendant plus de s'dtablir un droit sur la Baie s^eC 1 ^::;z:i^r'"^'T t™^ -' ^^"^^^ ^^^^^^^-^^ scsr:;: .the,.... . uuics nc ptu ent veritablement porter aucun pr,'jndi,e a ceux ,,ui ont de leur "'» '^"•''"'l' ;te Droit de la p^converte et dime possession cintinue, on soutil 1 1, i Z '"'^- f n •. I'lr t'-v-vvi^^a,,,!, pius ue seiaoiir un dro colO .., .. „„ „i ,™c.mvcrte ct Uune |,o>»e»«ion continue, on soutient tm.kmr. es IS B«i„ et Detroit. .I'Hu l,o„ et one to,,, 1.. • Possession rei,icnt I'intention des derniers traits de neufcralit,^ HU on refu.at de fa.re satisfaction aux sujets de Sa Majesty pour les dommages qu'ils ont souffert serait^?rdiri '" T '", "'''"' ''''■ ''' ^"^^'"^ ''^"'^"^ ^°'"^'- ''« ««"* inconstants et variables et il 7lJ . r :"? f" sounussions et des capitulations de ees peuples faites en faveu de Sa Ssirsuffir 1 1 "*,'"^ '"'"^^ ^' ''' P^^^^"«^°- '^^ *^™"Vais en eette partie dumonde majs ,1 suft.a de d.e que m les aet.ons ni les resolutions de ees Sauvages ne peuvent'blesser un droH 30 bale tt dZird'H^f "" "''fT'tr.' '' ''" ''"^ ''' f>an,aisn-ont eu aucune connaissance de la eu et I'envi .1 !"", " T' '''"* '"" ^^'"""''^ "^"^ P^^ ^^ connaissance qu'ils en cat eue et lenv.e qails ont port.e dupu.s longtemps h la pro.sperit^ des Anglais en ees pays la ils ont sou- de ce oom avait jo,,, d'nne ,,o,«e.,,i„„ pai.iblo pendant douze am consee«U ^'•"f'^'o A^l«™ „„i J,l f™' rf'""",""' ''" '" *''*°''''' •""■ ""' e"""J= <>««"« -i' ™i»"» P0«' soatenir leur droit in,:r„™ r"t ::':- rrr'""" '•" '"*' '- >"^'='"°" ''--„™merc.tard„nX;„„d II est bien pl„, j„,te de croire ,,„e le, Fran;,i. „Wt pa, j„g.< p„„r d'antre, ™ta„„, ,,„'il. f„t ,«mp. ^ ■> raiiiet^ de Sa nsuffisanse et s ildeouvertes soifc peu bien e Sa Majesty areilles inva- e cclui-ci le oe si grande 10 i sur aucune te la con(!er- i du c6t^ du rmir le droit FraiKjais en Hudson sont lage, comme n possession du Canada. 20 lance ce qui 9 correspon- e neutrality Anglais lea impunie et ffert. iables, et il veur de Sa du monde, ler un droit 30 sance de la u'ils en ont ils ont sou- ont jamais le premier ie Anglaise leur droit, is et pay^s ^q vertes qui IS que cela s, mais les B la Eaie ■op grande iderations fut temps 4.,S3 I ■♦■• deporterontdeces mani^rL d^.L^itt Te ^ ■^ ^ "^ ''" ^'''" *^'™"'«'' ''^"^etions. ils se si contraires a I'intention eU lI T::" dls trait'r^^ '"^""'"" '' ^""'^J-^'-^'- ^ ^^^ voisinage et par,?SiSr;::.trt:;:::-.3::r ::r ^---r-t''--' •-— ^■^- droit natural, sils navaient pas esnS 2 Z Ti r"""' ^T ''•'" '^"'^ ^'' ^'"''l^'^' «" '^'^'^ du faction des fort, et des pe e qu'f ^ t ^7 , •'"" ''" "^ '"'^ '''•''''^" "°« ^"^''^^ -"- leur Souverain. CetteVntic a souTent '?/. '""^ x"'"^'"" '^'^ ^'■"'"?''" "*"' '^ ^^'^ ""^"'^ '"--«" '•« ,„ Majeste Ma Gourde Fran etonTXnd^^^? le. n.emoire.s reiteres de IWoyu de Sa '" violents, les sujet. de SaSifstrHuisotr'"'; .'''"•' '"" ''"J"'"'"^^' ''«" 'l^'^^^^^ d''-'' P^^edes si delais des dommages irrepalXL ' '^'''""'•'^ '^' '""■ ^''''"'^ "« -"«"'-«'^t P^^ ^« P'^^ longs Appendh. Sec. VI. Trtatiei and Convention!!— (1) Ureal lirilain unit Franre. TrunaactionK of Kniflish »rid iTHiioh ConiiiiiHaidn- ors, 168" : Krfiiich copy iif the precuH- ing Knglisli anawer. Proposal of the French Cominission- 20 *^ Jn order to an •ccommodation. Of fIcH:^ miSSst ^Slr lo Tr '7'''''''' ''- ■"'^"- -^'' '^^ Commissioners some proposal in writing to bellt to Hud on' ' R ^'^'. " ' " "'' '^'''"''' ^'o.nmissioners to n.ake was accordingly delivered as follows :' ""'pany for their answer therein, which proposal W^: t;: "S^: t;'^?^''r^ ^eptentnonale ne pouvant convenir ensem- .nodementTo^ena e au 7eu?:^^^^^^^^^ '"'" T ^^"'^"^'- ' "" — les Trois Forts qu'elle nritl'ann V f s "^^f";P'^^'"'e l^ran^aise pourrait rendre baie et one 1. m P"^' ''""''■" '^^''^''^'^ '' ''^ Cumpagnie Anglaise au fond de la sins de Nelson qui furer ^^ Is F:;:^^^ l^ Ti^ "'^ ^^^^'^ ^ '^ ^^^^^^ ^« ^-^- -.^- chacune de son cotd fit un conCceTlLn ^T -"P'.^tera Tavenir I'une sur I'autre et que "'"^■"-• trop souvent a.iv.s au prejud;:!: suttsTe dlx:';^^^^ ""^ ^"^"" '^^ ^'"'^"^ ^"^ ^ «-* ^ue parceque les sauvages de ce cot^-la n'ont 1 tl; ^ ^ '''■:^ '""* '^ '^'""^^^^ meilleur march^ bord de la n.er aulieu que d'un cotil ^^ t N Ison I ^re",! '"" ^""" ''' '"''''^''''' ^^^^^' ^ ^change est I'expddient qui narait le plurcZr;n ^ ,''"''''=''"''""'"* '^"^ ^'^^^ '«"»• f Knplisli and Jrmich CDiiiniisHioii cri, lt!H7: A n«wer of the Hudson's Bay Com- pany to the rrench propoial. To which the Hud,son'.s Bay Company returned the answer fullowin^r •_ 1 he Hu,lson'.s Bay Ccnpany having received a paper containin-r a proposal po»alof tho L„eh Cm- Faoto -v nf P M , . ^*'*'" '" *^''' *'"""'" "^ ^^^ ^^^V- ^^^ the Fort and nnssjonersfor,. „..- i:^ f^.f/;; ^5>-"' ^'^'-' ^'^ -i ^Vtrea^v Maje';:ii;r^^tlS^- 1:;" S^ ^-.^-^ t -'-^^'^^ -^ «'^ ^^-^ ^^-'- ease. Will not infringe the good corrr/oX' e lat is Set f::^ Xi:'^' ^"^^^ ^" " ^'"'^ ^ the confidence to propound to sha the b XlTf f Th'' ^"T ''° "^""'^^^ '^'^^"^ ^"^^'•^'^- -^'' ''^^ said English Company for obtainil tW u . ^ ''■" "^^* ''"'^ P'^P^'-'^ ^^^^^ *»'«'»• B^t the His Majesty's royal favour a^^protctn ' '"' '"" "'^'""°"' '" ''"'"''^^ ^^^ ^'^-'-'-s upon B^y'^^ill^XZTLVir^^^^^^^ ''' French be suffered to be sharers in the subsist, but mu^tinevtablyt'dsolvera?^^^^^ H^"'^ ''?"' ''^ ^^'"P^"^' ^"-^ ^^ ^0"^- importance to this nation be utter vtlh'av J '^'.^^'^^Poly of the French, a trade of Jo gr^at to them in the enjoyment of TlZdZn^^^^^^ wholly supported by His Majesty's favour ^ 40 Report or thk Engllsh Commissioners to the Kino Whereupon the. ^"^J^ip^ a t ,,^,^ ^^^^^^^^ ^^ ^^^ ^^ ^^^^^^^ Report of the y^""^ ^'•"J'^sty s Commiss oners aDDoinfpd fn +,.„„+ -n xi a , English Com. „, . T , v and Envov Fvtrn,.rrL * I • appointed to treat with the Ambassador miHsionprs to Their Lordships report to "^°y ^^traordinary of his most Christian Mn!o«f,r„^^. • xi. ,.,,. the King, His Majesty touchii.K ences that h-ivA >>or^r^„. a\ . .r ^""'^"a" Majesty concerning tho differs .16th Novem. Hudsoi/s lily, and other H^T'f . 7^ ^'^""'''^ ^""'' ^^^J^^^^^ ^"^^ ^he French in America have matters dependiim be- ^ad frequent Conferences wltl, fl,„ „„; J a „,. , ,„ _ ^'"enca.nave , je«. Hudson's B'ay, and ofher . , l "" ''"J^ happened between Your Majesty and the French in America have '«'•. i««- matters depending be- ^ad frequent Conferences with the said Amba.ssador and Fnvn. ^ ^'^"""'"' '^''^^ tween the French and order to nhfnin „„*■ 8(J, as well 'iiseijuently ow but with r places, and 20 lie the Lords to part with any [of] his at by trea^v st Christian n so plain a spedienfc so.'JO above two ne hundred I, and have I. But the lelves upon irers in the any longer f so great ity's favour 40 48r) ac,,uainted Your Majesty with our proceedings therein, We do further add our humble opinion, that as . l-la.n y appears \ our Majesty and your subjects have a right to the whole bay an.l straits of Hudson a,uJ to tlu. sole trade thereof, so it nuvy be fit for Your Majesty, to support the con.panv of Hudson's Bay m the recovery and n.a.ntenance of their right since otherwise that trade will be totally lost and fall ,„to the hands of the brench. if they be permitted to continue in the pos,session of those forts, or of any fort or place of trade within the said bay or straits. Whereas the French Commissioners have declared that they are ready to do all that is nc'cessarv for the regiUafon of l.nuts between the dominions of both Crowns in An.erica. we humblv propos'e that Your Majesty be pleased to order and impower us to treat with then, for the adjusting the san.e 10 .Tatimr''^ ''^ """"' ^'^ ''''™"^'' **'^ °"^'°" °^ *^^^f«^«"'=«'^ that happen between the two All which is most humbly submitted, the 16th of November, 1687. AlTKNIUX. Hfc. \'l. 7^1't'fitit'H unit (1 1 1,' II III lil'ltlllll. mill Ji'miirr. TriinrtiictiiiiH "f IOll(,'liHll iiriil Kri'iH'li ConiiiiiHsiun era, liiS7. F!i;|«ji't of lli,. KnjfliHli Cinn- luissiuiifi-s t'> till' KiiiK. Ititli NilVIMII t)fi-, 1IIH7 : Memoraiiduni. His Majesty's Commissioners and the Commissioners of France, api.ointe.l to treat concernmg differences in America being met, their Lordships delivered to the French Connn,ss.oners a General Memorial declaring his Majesty's pleasure touching the several matters in difference and that his Majesty had empowered them to treat concerning the settling of limits in America whereupon the French Commissioners do promise to return an answer to such points wherein they are enabled so to do and to receive the directions of the King their master concernin wi of tht-ir Lordships ^^^ "^°^^ Christian King for the execution of the Treaty of neuti'ality in America, t'- serene kings shall inunediately senHe sirv o der' .T f r'.' T/ '' "'^"'^"^ ^^''^^ *''^* *'- ^-^ America, and cause authentic copie7ther o7L be it f ".. . ^f'f '' '^''"' '''^'''''■' ^"^-"""^ i° ness whereof we have mutually hereun o s t -rt . T^ '' f'^'"''''"^ '° ''" «*'''^'- P^''^^'- I" wit- the A day of December. 1687. """^ ^""'^' ^"'^ ^^'^'•^- G'^«« '^^ the Palace at Whitehall, 40 UoDoSm [l.!] J^^««*^^' "^= Bonkepaus [l.S.] Latin instrument agreed „ . Q"ando quidem Serenissimo et Potentissimo Principi Jacobo ^PP„n^. m on With the French C.n,. BriUnniffi Regi et Serenissimo -.n Pr>f„„f • t, P 'Secundo Magnae missioner. for cessation o„„i„,„ , t, '^*'.'^^""'''""« ^c Potentissnno Pnncipi Ludovico Declmo Quarto of acts of hostility and ^alliarum et Navarriffi Regi Christianissimo visum fupri^ P >, • Godolnhin Maie-t^ti. "u«, ConsJIi^ ; ^""J'^""''"'" Status secretanor alterum et si.l nenim l),.n>ir"m -n ' ^ '" "^"""'"^'^ '"*""*^'^ -^^ »'*« -^"-atus Chri.stiani.s.simua Rex Dominum •f 3( 40 >loino H onti^ro la restitution doa es Commisaairoa iitduHJiinitesdes i |K)iirra contri- I CO lOo jour do I King of Great Coiiiinissioners, of Sunderland, I Sesretaries of id Sidney Lord r side the said uis de Branges, 20 wise the Siour edchamberand f November in aiisen or may determini the and go\ -^rned America. We yi our musters the ,', day of ties shall send ^0 t-'^v Governor ig'i dominions ther king, nor any violence ieir goods for e penalty, that the said Governors in fty. In wit- tt Whitehall, 40 [L.S.] [L.S.] indo MagnaB sinio Quarto es suos eon- ibertem Co- i secretarior n Dominum 59 Dominum 4H7 primum P"'imttmius convenimus et stij.ulamur quod us.,ue ad ^Tlm'"" ^^ SIIdUdiHIHn" '^''''" '^*""'"'" """•• »«'"ini 1C88 ot .leinceps adicto die U8.,uedum Pru-fati Sr;;:';ts!i:;;;Hs'^!;:;::;:^;';^,;:;;77 Tf-'- "->-'- -— «^ ^'^ -i.-to p.ohibitum sub alternf.- ! !"^";«c 's ve GubernatonbuH Coloniurum, Insularum, Terrarum et Reu^.num .,u(.- '^''- '""'» In quorum fidem Pn..sentes manibus nostris et sigiliis mutuis subsignavimus et munivimu« Datum in Palatio Regio de Whitehall, ,',- die Decembris An. Di. 1687. Sunderland P. (L.S.) MiDDLETON, (L.S.) GODOLPHIN (L.S.) Barillon d'Amoncourt, (L.S.) DUSSON DE BONREPAUS, (L.S.) RoYAi, Orders to the Governors of the English Colonies in America follow:- '''" '''°"'*" "^ '' ""'^" "" '''' "^"^' ^^^^^""^« - P^"^"" «' *^^ -'^ -^-^i- - - 30 CircuUr Letter to sevcrlrdtw.^. ""'VIT''' ^'' T'*. ^''" "'^^ Whereas for the composing of theOovernorsforpre- """Y'.^^^ '^'«P"t«« '-i"'' >iifterences that have arisen between our subjects and thp Engliah and French F^vent.ng further occasions of controversy in those parts, We have lately thought mAmenca. fit to constitute and appoint Commissioners to treat with the Commissioners L pointed by our said good brother the most Christian Kin87. 488 Arm.Hx, !'"". '''''"*"; "'"' "" '''' '•''' >■"•" '■•"■^•w«ll- Knx" our C.nrt at Wl.itel.ftll this 22n.l .lay -f Jn III tlu' third yt'ttr uf our ii-L'ii Mw, VI. '^ I'lliltitt iKul I'liiiirnliiinn {l)l/riiil ,,, , Hriimn ,,,,'i '" "l'' < mVillKir (if Nt-w Yorlc '■""!!lL and thr ivst of His Mnjesty's Governors in tlie I'lantatioris. By Ilia MiijestyV coinniaud, niiary, IfiNT, SUNI)KUI,ANI), P, THK TREATY OF RYSWICK, 1«I97.» „ T.-...«.y .,f ^ ^' •'''"'; '''!''■;■ ''*• »" •"■ivcrsnl ,K.,,,..tual peace, an.l a true and nincere friendship between the most V^.V, .Vivn- and M,,d.ty 'r.iu.e Wiiuan. the Third. King of Or.at Britain, and the Most Serene and M.«hty I nnc.. Lewis the fourteenth, the most Christian King, their heirs and successors, an.l between rho k,^,^,„m^ states an, s„I,jects of both ; and that the name bo so sincerely and inviolably observed 1" 1 T.'r, Tl' ", '".'"'""'" ^''" '"''■■''''• '"•""'■• '""' '^-'^'""t^J.'t" "f t''« "tl'or. and tlmt on both in'rms. "•^^'^''''-"•■''""'1. and true observation of peace and friendship, may daily flourish and ri. That ail enmities, hostilities, discords, and wars between the said King of Great Britain and .h. MostUm.tian King, and their subjects, cease and be abolished so that on both sides they forbear and abstain hereafter hom all plundering, depredations, harm-doing, injuries, and infestation wlmtsoever, asNv.M by andasby sea.and on fresh waters everywhere; ami especially throughout all the king- -" •Chalmers' TreatiesTlVOO, Vol. 1, p. 332. ~~ — " — f Jnnimiv, ICiHT, KIII.ANI), P. tween the most ist S'erene and I, and between lahly observed 1" I tliat on both y dourish mul 'at Britain iiiid •H thoy forbear ion wliatsiiover, all thf i party, or the molestation, or y, by color of that the peace ;hat ho will on of the king- honour upon irectly to any tsoever favour JW ;o or contrive rnis, anununi- tis who shall n, in the free Britain like- t he will in- ns, countries, both the said hat every one 40 I kings with use and enjoy •oughout the to claim and utes^of each 10 present war. An.I in like rnann , h'' K / I'T '•'"' ''""'"^ '"'^"'•^' ^''" ''"^-''^-^ti"" -t this all countri... i.Und. ..rt. an"" .^ ^Z:JTu'TT ''T' "•''"'" *'^ *''« ''"'' ^"'-'-" '' ">«'''« '^^"' '» P'^for preten^ilL'wS'^u;;::;':;! '^^'i^;::;; ;:^,f' - '" Tr. ^"" ""^-"'^"^ ^'^^ ^'^"^« -^ Hession of tho.e places which wero t.vk.' ll tl T"' ,"'"' '" "'"'^""'^ '^'^>- ^ ^'"^ ^^"-' P<- war, an.l w<»t.. n.taken by th,. K„,di h I'r n • ;^^ '"■'^^'" ^'"'^^ I"'^'«'"'-> ^'"'^ F" •--'t foregoing articlo. Th/ eapi 2 ^ " t u' ''' r' f ''' V'' ^''" '^'^"^'' ''^ ^"•^'- ''^ ''- observe.1 according to i,. form and no ,o ^^ '" '"" 'f ' "" "'" •'"'' ■^"P'-"'-''. 1«!»^'. .^J.ail be Governor at the for, Uken the: ,' U^^;;:;i:tin"'T ,'"•''''""'' ^'"^" '""' ''^'"^^''^ *'- havearisen cncrning the execut,„n ..f he ad IniUd 'r T! "'"r'^' '"'" ^ ''"^' ■""'^'•^'"'^- ^^'-^f" be adjudicated and deternuned by the ai I '11 T ''''"^ "' ''" «""'^ ^''^''^ '"^*' «'"^" the present Treaty, shall be invented wttsuZnTr '• "''"' """'-"-t"')' after the ratification of 20 of the lands to be n-stored on eilw sll ."fi^ .Tu J''' " '"-" ""'"^' "^ '''^' """'■^ "'"' -""•'- of lands, as n.ay condnce to the n.utual iiaerest a^illvInirn^^rKiiir' "'"^"" '" ^^^'"'"^"'^ tin.:- ;ir.:^;;:;t:!7r~^^^^^^ ^.r^z ''- ^^^^ "^ ^"- -"^ ^-» ^"^ reckon..! from their first nu.t n. Z uZ'vZ^o lu T^' "^ ^'?''""" "''' "'''''" ^'"^ "'""^''•^- '- ^o ing this matter; after which th^ a ic J 2 '^ -"' ;ii«P"tes which n.ay arise coneern- kings. and shall have the same fore Ix^d vtor JT u "'°"" '^'"'' '"''"" "' •^'"^" '''' -^'"-' ''>• »'oth treaty. ^"'^ '"8""'^ *« 'f ^^'^Y ^vere inserted word for word in the present [The remaining articles soem imnmterial for the* present purpose.] Ai'rKNiiu. H'' ^"*'^'=^^'^"* *« ^"^^ P-^-- «f the Treneh,Ti: necessary they be consulted before any concession of territories be made to the French in those NEGOTIATIONS FOR THE PP]ACE OF UTRECHT, 1711-1713. Negotiiitions for I'eacB of Utrpcht, 17111713 : Overture from France. t!!ddno;V"l^VT '' doubted but the King was in a condition of continuing the war with honour, t COUUl not be look-f(] nn qo <1 r>i..,.l^ ^f „l • . tt- »r . , . . . ' Overture from Kruiice, 22iid April, 1711. 80 .t could not be looked on a.s a n>ark of weakness in His Majesty to break the silence he had kept mnce the conference of Gertruydenberg, and that before the opening of the campai.^n • he now givL S the'irTnT'"''' ''"'17"'' '^ ''"" '^'"'^"'' "^'^ "°" ^"^ " *'^« ^^'^P^'^lic of Holland, and 20 1 f h V vr" ":^ '" "'^S^*'''^*^^"^ -it'-'t effect. His Majesty will, for the public good 8e?t i^. h' f "^•''■^'!:.r""; t "'^^ P-1-'^-- -'-'^ J- tlnnks fit to make for terminating he war'and n o alre.t Tp" "; i"?^" "^^^ ' ^°'' '""'^^^""' ^^ ^^ ^^*^' ^^''^ ^^^ ^^^'^^ ^e offers to nter into a Treaty of Peace, founde.l upon the following conditions — indi::::it^;s^r:h:tdi:™;r ^^^' ''''''-' '-' -^'-^ - *^^'^ ^-^^ - «p^- *^« of the^ Ron!!n- ?R ^'"", ""'" r?'"f '° ^"'■'" " •''"^'='*^"* ^'^"'•^•- •" ^'^^ L°^ Countries for the security of the Republic of Holland; ami th.s barrier shall be such as England shall agree iipon and approve His Majesty promising at the same time an entire liberty and securitv to the trade of' the Dutch ' f..tinnf /?■ ,t.''Tr^!'''r*'^°'^''"^"'''^*'^°"^'''*^"^^^^''«'''°«'-'*y ^"J truth, for giving satis- 30 faction to the allies of England and Holland. *' Four/A^y. Whereas, the affairs of the King of Spain are in so good a condition as to furnisli new 1^!^:TJ'" '""''T'': '" ''' ''''^''" "^'""^ *'"^^ '"•^"'^'•^•'>'' '^"<^ ^- *'- -"l-g it to the sat s- c nr "'"m • '"'■''• """""'• ''^" ""^'"^ "'''•-■^^'^"'••^ «''^" be used for surmounting the difH- shln L "Zr" °"""" ^ '"' ''^ ^"'^ ^"' '"^'^^^'^^ "^^ ^'' l'^'-^'- -^^^^'^ - t^^ P--t war onenfi^S't, ^ P. '""''7"':^^^'."' "^''^'^ *" ^--^''t of a peace upon these conditions, .hall be immediately oTEnlnlanTH n"'T"-M^ thereat, shall treat with those choose ' ' "' "■ '" •^«"J"»'='^'°" -"^h tho,se of their allies, as England shall Sh-fhiy His Majesty propo.ses the Towns of Aix-la-Chapellc or Laize for the place where th« ^^ wneiein to treat of a general peace. Done at Marlay, the 22nd of April, 1711. De Torct. e islands which )n the whores of 1700. )tian, alias Fort ine. * * T is groundless ; Ison's Bay is in lie peace which b cannot imply 10 Bay Company e "French, it \% ranch in those r with honour, he had kept he now gives vhat he hath Holland, and 20 public good, the war, and affers to enter n Spain, the r the security md approve ; Dutch, giving satis- 30 furnish new ; to the satis- ting the diffi- 3 present war immediately < with those igland shall 40 ce where the said Towns, oncT. 4f)l To LujtD Habv. w . Whitkham., April 27, 1711. P<1«C8 «» in r.iaki,,.. war to ..^t in^„.^t,„, . Mnjc.sly, wli.. i, r.iH„lv,,i, i„ ,„,,|ii„,, . A. R. Lord Bolingbuoke to the Queen. rr- /»r If X 1 ^^'"''fEHAi.L, September 20th 1711 He (M Me.snager) has put into our hands the answer .i.-ned by he Kin,/. fV ]' ., demand.s last sent over bv Your \I.M,.^f,.'. .. 1 i .i ■ •■"^"'^11 cy me Knig of I-rance to the 20 Mh, r..|.ti„.. to Nort Africa ^^ to, I"'" . ? """"""""I'li- »i,l, ovory .,.>iclo except th. yo„ .,at.f„tio,. „„ th. 7th aTtidtrizr ™ii;.i;';i:::' *° ■"' " "■■ ■"™-^''"' ^■■— «- I'BEUHiNAin- Demands op Gjikat Bbitain M„i,e PAimcfi aim y be ioltwrr™"''''''" '-''•"" "''■■'■'''^'""'''""'•"-"^'"^ '» "'« r»— ' «.ahii.,h„..„t,„ and Ltr* ™:2:'' ''°"""'"" '""•"" """ ■"•'"•"■ "-' "">"« "'«" "« ■»«"« - *= ...o^t ■,.., 3. Dunkirk shall lie demolished. hold it .? i:;! 1' Ltm t'iptuT A "'" '";- ';Tf '" '- '"- ^""'« ■"'■■■■"■■ - '"« '■-'" jeeta »t Great Britain ^ """" "■''*'"-"■ "'"'" '"• '" '''^'' '»»""- S™"'"l '" H'e 'oh- »eurity for the trade „ H^Sh , „" '■" t i N ' '^^'"°°' """" ''""'"S ""■'"«' » ■'»' fore it i, ,,np,.„,ed t ," kI i i II":" «'"■«>•»"«"' "«■ P-"-' "' «!».■ '« ««..... then,, the°re. place, ,le,.,„n',,e,l in th t "■ i"e „ t '17^°^ "' """° '" '," "*"' '" ''™"' <"""" ""> peaee mav in.hiee theo, ,„ I ,!l i, "' '/ , T'" '"'"' "''™"fK«». ""di «» the love of — ^ Jj;f^_ JI™.ta^.W™a,djKj-„,^ta with foil powera. A„,l to „,„rk aliU t Buys. ■ ■ .loiNT Ai'i'K.Mirx. Sec. VI. Trent its awl I'litircniiiina— (/) r peaei^ nf I'trccht, 17111713; I'rclimiiiary duiiiuiidB iif (ircitt Britain, .fOINT Appendii. Sec. VI. Treaties awl Convenlioru- (1) (rreat Britain and Franee. Negotiations for pence of Utrecht, 1711-1713 : Preliminary deinands df Great Britain. 492 t^^^ZZZ:^^'^'^'^''^^ '^™" "°'^"^' '''' ''-i-'f Her Bntannic Majesty to That the Facte de Assiento he n.ade with Great Britain for the term of 30 year« That the entire island of St. Chri,sto,.l>er be a.ssured to Great Britain to anl'ttt n ZrS "' :,^^""l'f ^ /-'"/'f '- P™>-sed by M. Mesna.er, and which he afHr.. ual" alldled. ' ".erchand.se of the growth or manufacture of Great Britain, be effeet- (Vu.t'p.!^Sir'^?f t''"r'T^ '' '"""'^"- '"^'^ '''''■' '"^^"'•"^« ^'--^ t- I- -nt to La Vera R ; de 1 P at he F wL f "" f "'''" " ''"' '''"'' "' ^''^' '•""«-^- ^"^ ^ "» ^'>e coast of the 10 Answer »f France. THE ANSWKK OK FhAKCE TO TH. PkkUM,.V.HV D.MAKn.S OK GuBAT BhITAI. MOH. PAKT.CU..U.V VHTICULARLY. le succession naniier most preceding and that it shall bo ^un^Z^t^':;^^'' ''"" '' ^'""^"'' ''^ "'^^ "'-"^ - '^^ standing, granted the ,n-ivSl «? tZZ.H ,! "''":" f "^ "^P^"''"" ^^'*"- ^'^^ P""-"' "otwith- would therefore be a ,. eat fat to '3 r^ 7"" ^'""'^' ^"'' '^ *^™ «^ '^«" ^'-^'^ ^'^ ; it 1,) which it see.„s al, E^L^H^Zn: ^^^ ^^ ^Z^" '^'"^ '^^ ^^'^'"^•>' ^'^^ ^ P^-^-ti've' of prondses that the Kin.,, his .n.ndL n I , : 1 ' '! '''.! ^"\':'', '", '^^ ^"'•"- Nevertheless, His Majesty .(OINT Appendix. Sec. VI. Treaties and Cimirntions— (1) Cnat Jiritain and Frnncp. Negotiations for [)eace o( lUreclit, 1711-1713: prondses tliat the Kini', his <'riui(kriii «l,n II ,„..,„* *' ^i i-. ,• , ', -'>"""'">--'>^->s, nis aiajestj' transportation <.fne,n:^sfror.r;tUeWrstI^^ i-nghsh during twenty .successive years the the same conditions! prero^avri nriviW ^''')'']' f'^r^^^ -"-^ the Pucte de Assiento, with orndghte.,oyfvojhei;^r;c^sr;'s:^::rti:^^^ ^^'^^^^ ^^^^ ^« The King consents to this Article. exen^LiT tif d::;i^tr Id ;;: uri;- if :nd:ri:;: :t:Kn ^;^. '\ 'r ''- -'-'--- -^ the conclusion of the peace, upon the excl.ange oUH: rrtiHeltll^^^ "" '^"^"^ ''''"^''''''''^ '''''' them in safetv until they be s id acco^^^^n. lo 1 'u"' "r' "''""'' *'"'^ "^^^'^-- ^'^^ ^eep into for the Assiento. A^id to ' tZtty ab„ o th '"" ■^'•^"''^T' " ^'" ^"''^"""^^ '" ^^ -^-<^' 3„ Ci,-o.t liritai,,, to ,he a,„„u„t „t .i» U Art c " v v t T h'T t° ""• '"="""■■"/ *'»»"* for an.wc.r.„..„ b„ r^^,^ J :Z^ZtZT^Z t' yiM,:! ','rf T^f.^VY '^' "'' into the common form of treaties and ..v,.!.;,, i • .1 , . S'^""^' *'''' Articles of which shall be put co,„,„„„ „«,f«io„ <.tt^et:.:l,'if:::t::^^^^^^ """, r' """'"^''"' "■"""" "> '•■= treaty for . goneral pe.ce. "' '""' ""» " ■*'« »' "" »iening of . Answer of Krancf, In faith of which we have signed and sealed. Done, &c. Mesnaqer. AOCEPTAN'CE RY GrEAT BRITAIN OF THE AUOVE ElGUT ARTICLES. The Most ('hristian Prince havincr si.rnified to Hpv Moi^.f u- ■ , . ,„ ment of the general tranquility of In o°," bv I Z.JTX """"I' ''"'"' '" "" «■-"•"*■ A.,p„„„ interest, of all tl.e alUe,, a!,d Living T^J^lZ TZ ^TiiZ ,T "" '"'"""' '° "" '«-»* tion, of .nel, „ pe„e, it 1,„» been fofn.l „,t and r.^:iS:utiu2,:::'o, 'cZTk t" "T't '-"" be, in the hrst place, adjusted and ascortaii.Prl Hn fi.; ! u "'^°^'^***'' °^ '-"eat Britain should over M. Mesnager, Knight &c ITas st ted ^1- « '"^ ^ ^'' '^''"''"" ^"'"'^' ^-^^ ^^"* Christian M^e^y! a c^y ^f li.ich hi h^^ el^ .:::;? !^rt ^r aT^T '^"™ ,"^^ ^^^^ signed, declare by virtue of the express ontr of Her^M tstv r 'nclpTa « ^.'" 'ft- "'' "" ""'^•- contan. .,n!y those securities and advantages whieh Her Male tv Zl T '"^''™'"^^'- ^''"'^'^ Whoever be the Prince who may acquire th^ ^.o^^^y^^r'^^^^lJ^;::^-:^ Ik I 194 Ap^rZx "^ e""d't'"n« which His Most Christian Majesty agrees to grant. These Articles to be nut into the — common form of treatios, kc, kc, ^' ■ t)o»''' at London, 27th September, 0. ,S., -Sth October, N. 8., 1711. * Treaties and <\>nvpntinns — (/) . That the Duke of Richmond be considered as the heir of his mother. " li. The Duke of Richmond having obtained the King's letters of naturalization, shall, when peace IS made, enjoy the privilege attached to the favour granted to him by His xMajesty. D. That the 4th Ar'.icle of the Treaty of Ryswick b(.> e.stabli.shed, and that the King do give no opposition to th..- regulating of afiairs of religion in the empire, pursuant to the Treaty of Munster. R. In consideration of England, the King .wishes this affair should be regulated with the empire • His Majesty having no intention to .lerogate from the Treaties of Westphalia, on the subject of religion 0. 9. The King, in the name of the King of Spain, his grandson, promises that Gibraltar and Port Mahon shall remain in the hands of the En1NT API'ENDTX. Sec. VI. Treatita ami Conventinm (0 «t n^^t, if it can be avoided, ex|)ose ourselves to ' • the events of the campaign ; the Queen continues of this opinion, and has taken all necessarv nrecau- tio.18. on her part, to bring the negotiations at Utrecht to a happy conclusion. From what has lately of Minorca shall f negrofs to tiio I (IS a;,'ree(I upon •- .liMNT .•r|-.SIiU. s.«. VI. TriiiliiH and '.'imirnlinni- (I) '."/•..(/ Uril'iin mill Friiiiri . N'i';ri)tiiitiiifH fur pciwiMif I'tri'i-lit, 1711171:*: f M-.'K'nini,', 171-'. llKi'LV TO THK Memorial Dkmvkred hv M. Gaultier. M., .-. , . March 23rd, 171 f. i>ai.n lu"''' Tr "' •'"'"■"'^' "' *•'' ^'"^^-^ "^ ^'•^'^* '^'■it'^'"- to prevent the events of the eum- wh'c i tl oy w 1 fo m' M H 'l ' U i'"'"' '" Plenipotentiaries to grant further compliancs, of fuly nttit hi!"n,^^^ Ho earns with pleasure tl,at the Queen of Great Britain has luiyinstiuctLd h.mn.her intentions, and has given him her last orders, not doubtingthatPrim.es aet ,.11 1 1 T 1 . '-^^"'"^ ""^ °"^^ **^ *^'' '"°^*^ extravagant denmruls, whieh thev have actually made, but also to those which they have not yet thought of, and whieh the; reserve with the apparent intention of protractin.y tlie enenues to the peace. The most effectual way to promote it is for the Queen of Great Britain also to send new directions to her Ministers at Utrecht, to act in future more in concert with the King's Plenipotentiaries. Suffer me again to entreat your best exertions for so great a blessing, and do me the justice to be- It) lieve that I am, etc. De Tolux Versailles, March 2Sth, 1712. ^BoUnKifrok., «IK,— However great the pleasure I have in receiving the honor of your letters, I shall be no longer ^sthM.rch,' uneasy at their delay, finding by your last that the period of your silence is employed so usefully towards the .succe.ss of that important bu.sine.ss which I hope you will conduct to a fortunate conclu. sion. Monsieur Gaultier has given me an account of all the measures you have taken to promote it He goes to Utrecht, where Ijudge his presence necessary to strengthen the union and confidence be- tween the King's and the British Plenipot.^ntiaries. I hope the last orders given by Her Majesty to her Ministers will establish this good understanding upon solid grounnds, and that you will finish what 20 remains to the glory of the Queen your Mistress De Torct. Report French Pleiiipfitaii- tiarit's, 18th April, 1712. From the Report of the Frrnch Pi.enu'Otentiaries tc the Kin'j, Apkil 18, 1712. We have made every possible effort to regain Acadia, or at least to ret.MU Newlbundlond ; but it has been impossible for us to conclude the matter. They (the English Plenipotentiaries) have pro- tested a hundred times that they had express orders to break off the negotiations rather than to give way on either point, or upon that of Hudson's hay, where they claim even the cannon. We should not have taken their word for this if le Sieur Gaultier had not confirmed what they said. Count de Pontchartrain remarked, on the project of the English, that it would have to be con- sidered whether the savages were subjects. If so, they couhl not pass the limits that would nfteiwards 30 be fixed ; if not, there would be no right to make any rule regarding them. Lord Bolingbroke agreed to prohibit the subjects of France and England from passing over the boundary when it had once been established. Lord Bolingbroke to Marquis de ToRrv.— Memorial Concerning North Amerk^a. To terminate all existing disputes concerning North America, the Queen proposes :— ^tf of iVc'y, First.— Thut His Most Christian Majesty do cede to her the Island of Newfoundland, with Placentia 24thM.-iy, 'and the fortifications, artillery, and anununition thereto belonging; the adjacent small islands nearest to the Island of Newfoundland ; as also Nova Scotia or Acadia, according to its ancient boundaries. Secondly.— Tha.t the subjectsof His Most Christian Majesty may continue to fi.sh and dry their fish on that part of Newfoundland which is called the Petit Nord, but upon no other part whatever. Thirdly. — That the subjects of His Most Christian Majesty may posses.s, in common with those of the Queen, the Island of Cape Breton. Fourtldy.—Thiii the islands in the Gulf of St. Lawrence, and in the mouth of the river of that name, which are now occupied by the French, remain to His Most Christian Majesty ; but upon this express condition, tliat his said Majesty do engage, neither to build or suffer to be liuilt, any fortifica- tions upon tho.se islands or upon those of Great Breton. Her Majesty the Queen, engaging also not to fortify or suffer to be fortilied, the Islands adjacent and nearest to Newfoundland, or those of Cape Breton. IS ns would jirove jHTsiiailoil that sill' CHpoiiseH, will your Plenipoten- ia, of the StatcR- ui'ged so to do Viy jlreat Britain also t with tlie Kincj's the justice to be- 10 De Torct. 1 2Sth, 1712. shidl he no longer loved so usefully fortunate conclu. en to promote it nd eoiifiilence be- ( Her Majesty to I will finish what 20 De Torct. 18, 1712. Dundlond ; but it tiaries) have pro- itlier than to give non. We .should lid. have to be con- would ftftei wards 30 )!iiiirl>r(ike agreed it had once been America. d, with riacentia^ II islands nearest it boundaries, ind drv their fi.sh whatever. 40 ion with tliose of ihe river of that f ; but upon this lilt, any fortifica- iging also not to ir those of Cape 499 Flfthhj.—lhQ Queen insists to have tlio guns and Bay and Straits. ... ammunition in all the forts and places in Hndsons [Here follow articles concerning commerce, an.l concerning the suspension of arms ] Whitehall, May 24, O.S., 1712. The Kma-s A>-s^ ,:r .o the Me...r,.u, sknt pro.h Lokdo., Mav 24, O.S.. JtrNE 6. N.S.-Sent to Louo B(JLIN01)UOKE BY MARgUIS DE ToRCY land.1v:;tt,i-;w;:^tl;~::,:^^^ ^r UreatBntain,the Island of New..und- drawn. and not comprehended n esti^^of t InT^,^^ W ^ "t r'"'"""^'"" ''.' ^'''^ ^'^^^ ■^»'"" ''« -i^h- 10 and, to use a eon.ni.n coninnri .1 • ' '""' '''''"*'• '^'^ ""' ^"*"° '^^^^'^'^-'^ ^o either; furniture ot^^ t Z ^ rd^dZur"'" '"^'' ^''' 1 ' '"'^^^ ""^^ ^« ^'"'-'-^'^ ^ '^^^ up the house. The is'es ad acen to N wf n Tl 7 T' " "'"" ''" "''""^"■>' ''^"''''''''' '^ »-- .« ...trie. J, :„ ': : ,"^ z r 4r,:™T'i:''' """"' "f ""'^' ""™ •'<^"" ">• »■'"'" Majosty „(Ie„ 1„ Kn-lai.a to Xolrtl , t rti , '""" '"'""'»««■ L'p.m thi, |,l,„, Hi, nn a,„. .vc,j,l„ng „.|uel. c„ di.tuH, th.t h»,,,,y u„i„„ ,,,„„ia be .-enld export™; " °t „'';;::; ^e,.o:\f Sif e. j::i^:;r:::^:s::xi^-:ri^^^^^^^^^ .,„ .,»,u .„a P.V.,™. \f^i tsri^trrs^B^:::; ^::^z:^ ::::;;:-£::'■:; f«,t,t„„g wl,c,.o al,e ,.,ay judge it „eees,.,ry, whethe. ■„ Aeadia <.,■ in Ne„f„„„dla,,d ; Zd ^^'^ .Idint Al'l'KNIlIX, Hnu. VI. Tieatiea iind I'l'iifntliuit.^'- (1) Unat /iritain ami /''ranct. N'c'Ki'tiatiim« fi)r l'c(u:f (if I'tivclit, ini ITl.t: Answer tn fiii'uKoiiiK lOtli .Iull(3, 171:.'. 500 ApS.i. '"•^''••'^^'"' '<"'W J""^ ""t l""t..n,l to '*'"' Plenipotentiaries to be less excellent grammarlan.s. ' Ours, who 2!.tl. f)j,...,„.' also understand tlie force of Latin exprcssion.s, are out of patience when they see difficulties, which liQ ■"". .'- have been long adjusted, started again, and the difference between cession and restitution, and the meaning of those terms. In truth, sir, such questions ought not to be the amusement of honourable men. Ihey are at best excu.sable only to those to whom we may apply amanliarn ira: Finish these disputes, which, if they continue longer, will only profit our enemies. Lord Bolinobuokb to Marquis de Torct. 7th January, 171J. H-linKbrok,. There are certain things which derive their consequence purely from being disputed ; the difference -° knZy, between the expression cfJendin and restituendis, between ,mumpsit and usurpavit or arrogavit is not verv esspntiftl • fho minrl Ti-ac }ir>nrr>.Tn> «„(■ „ i:iii., i i- j •_ ii i- . ■, . . . . nil ITKt. DeTi.rcyto Prior, Tth •lanuary, 1713. very essential ; the mind was, however, not a little heated in the dispute, and it required some trouble to convince certain people that the matter was not worthy of attention 30 Memorial from M. de Torcy for Mr. Prior. Received 7th January, 17lf The 9th (10th) article of the plan imports, that the King shall give up to the Queen of Great Britain, Hudson's Bay, kc, in the manner they are now posse.ssed by the King and the French. The Plenipotentiaries of Great Britain insist that it shall be cxi.ressed that France shall restore not only what has been taken frovi the English, but also all that England has ever possessed in that quarter lhisnewclau.se differs from the plan, and would be a source of perpetual difficulties; but to avoid them, the King has sent to his Plenipotentiaries the same map of North America as had been furnished by the Plenii)otentiaries of Great Britain. His Majesty has caused to be drawn upon this map a line which describes the boundaries in such a manner as he has rea.son to think they easily may aerne [upon] this point on both sides. 40 If, however, there should be any obstacle which the Plenipotentiaries cannot remove, the decision must be referred to Commissaries to be named for the adjustment of the boundaries of America The same article says that the King's subjects shall be at liberty to dcpai-t from their iand.s, in places ceded icli proiicrty and will leave to her withstaiulinf; the 1 • • » « ■. OS,, 1712. Kinff us well i\h j q -that on North bo too loiif^ an ou a book. Mr i with hini upon lay unanimously 29th, 1712. . ;ins. Ours, who ifficultie.s, which 20 tint ion, and the I of luinourahle e. Finish these uary, 171 J. , ; the difference arrogavit is not ed some trouble 30 1711. l^ueen of Great French. jhall restore not ill that quarter. St ; but to avoid bten furnished this map a line isily may agree e, the decision America. The in places ceded 40 I 001 .liiINT API'KNDIX. .Sec. VI. T'tatieiaiul Cimvintitin»- (t) fireat llritain anil Franei, Ncf(otiatii)in for I'tmcfl of Utr-vht, 17ni7l:t: n.-Tiiicy to Prior, rth .lanuary, UI3. 171H. Mr. Puiok to Loud Bolinulrokk. Sth January, n.s., 1713 Of ti^;:: "::; !^if ';;r'«'^ 71 ir ^'^ '"-"^^^^ '^-^ -- *•• ^pp-'^-^. '^^ ^-^ in virtue ^- 1„ be wholly new rmd wl ici. think Z ^^'''•^^''"7' « ^^f' '"""''"''''^ " '''' ^^ (^^^•<='' ^l-y assert to ^t!^^, give us occasion erl.J .' nJ Urn n "' tT'" ?' ^'""1'"^-^'-- "-ke no mention of it), may ^ thought "our .lumin:;:,: ^^^^^^^^^ -^^h, the extent of what was' „. was no very great difference and th.f fl V r ^'^'^'"^t they judged the extent of theirs, there ^' the .same ell, I thou.l h^ Ttlc e o I?h T I ''''""'""' *^"' ''"■^'^""^- '""'^^ ^^ «'"''«d by ately by the P lonipoten ia " m eLro t ' "'.•^'■^'P"^ ^^^ '^^'^^ ^^ l>« "^f'-' detern.ine.l immodU these Imitations ^e ^o^::;- ^td^t:;^:'— ::^i^i^^r^ ^°- ^-'^"^p ^^^ or worse with the native InJiam a,„l il,»r .1 1 "Ji""l "» <> "» "a-ed for this The Duke of Shkewsbury to Lord Bolingbroke. T ti. rr ^ , ^ Paris, February 22, 1713 N S «dimrr:!:trtnt*:Lttiir:it..'tii.:b;i^^^^ up or restore, wbieh we tli„„,ht was adjusted h, <^^«::l^£:^:;^Z:.:^^ IflF 602 .r.MNT you hivvo likewise lioifiii ciiclo.si'tl ; it ccrtuinly i.s hd as to Huil.soris May in particiilar. Mon^-ieur ■!«• Ai'iKNiiij. -pijj.p^. ^j^y^ jiii^^ i^j. fii^,. ^^ jjy kiimvs, tlio wholi! aUair sluiuls at Utroeht in tlio nmiiiiur as tliis oiiclosed S.V. VI. jiapiT spi'cilies. i"'',n'ih"i»— The Pleiiiii()ti>iitinries of (Jreat nritain Imii liitlmrto made a distiiiolioii bctweuii places ceded by \'iri't!,7n'iii.l *'^*^ '^'"o ti) tlie yuceuof (Jreat Hritaiii, and tlie plaees wldili tliey denominated restoreil. Under tlie frnni'e. name of places restored they included Hudson's I!ay and Straits, and the island of Newfoundland. Ne(r"tittti(>iin 'I'liey aj,'ieed to allow the French settled in places ceded, the liberty to sell their immoveable elfects r'trrt'lttr' but insisted that the same liberty ouj,'ht not to be allowed in places restored, upon a plea that such eH'ects were taken from the En;.;lisli, who had a right to have them rostoreti. The Plenipotentiaries now make no distinction between places ceded ami jilaces restored, though the .same exi)ression remuini 10 in Article H. m i7i;t; IVToruy MiMiioirK. Bolingbroke to ShrewH- bury, 2ilth May, 1713. From the Mkmoirs of thI'; MAiuiUia de Torcv* Tlis Majesty gave orders to Mesnager to add to the cession of Newfoundland, that of the Hay and Strait of Hudson; and in oriler to show the Queen of (ireat Britain and her Ministers the desire which he hail to laeilitate their intentions, ho permitted Mesnager, by private clause, .separate from the Minioir, to renut to the general negotiation of the peace the entire di.scus,sion on the article of North America. . . . On the morrow of the second conference, Saint John, on his return Irom Windsor to Lomlon, notified Mesnager that he was awaiting him at I'rior'.s hou.se The Queen with her (Jouncil had resolved not to dwi'jl on (s'arreter) the oliscrvations made on some e.Kpressioiis of the King that 20 ajipeai'eil ambiguous. The Secretary of State said the desire f(jr peace had obtained the ascendancy in the mind of his Royal mistress over every other consideration ; she only desired to change the term from North America (e to contest the change of term which this princess desired ; thus he and St. John were eijually sati.stied. MEMOIRE de MoN-SIEUR de ToRCY TOIK'IIANT LES BONA IMMOBILIA. [Thit paper, ivilhout date, u covimunicated by the Earl of Shrewsbury to Lurd Bolingbroke, from Versailles, March S, 30 171S, A^^'.j The King consented to leave to Commissaries, to be named after the peace, authority to give pos.session to the English who should prove that they were proprietors, or the- heirs of proprietors, of those who possessed such property in Hudson's Bay. [The instructions of the Engli.sh Commissioners, C. Whitworth, J. Murray, Esq., Jos. M.irtin, Knt., and Frederick Heme. Esti., a])pointed under the !Jth Article of the Treaty of Navigati- a and Commerce concluded at Utrecht, 31st March, 1711, were dated February l"), 17i;{-14. On tlie 15th May, the French Commissioners stated that they had no authority to treat of Hudson's Bay.] Lord Bolingbroke to the Duke of Shrew.sbury. May 29, 1713. 40 In Monsieur de Pontchartrain's letter to the Marquis de Vaudrouil, the latter is directed to yield the forts and settlements belonging to the Hud.son's Bay Company. This order, my Lord, the mer- chants are afraid will not answer their ends. They are dispatching two .ships to the Bay, which being at a considerable distance from Quebec, where the Marquis ilc \'audreuil resides, the French who are in possession of the forts on the Bay may ellhei be ignoiant, or pretend ignoiance, of His Most Christian * By MussieurB A. Petitot and Moumerique, T. II., pp. 54, 64. ► \illei, March S, ;J0 SOS s.ro an,l Mu Ma ...st^ wuul.l havo yowrCm,,. en.l..,ivour to ohtuin. rith.T .lireot ..nLn to th« com- an. ors ,„ those ,. lac.., o,- „,uh.„.tic .l„plie,U...s of ,ho onlor. sent to the Ma.,,ui. of Vau Ir u wZ. ;:rth:;c::;;: t;ir ;.;':;^;r "^^•"""' ^° - ^° ^^° ^^^ «^ ^^-'-' -^ ^^ -^ --" The Dike ok Shuewshihv to Lord BonNannoKK, /. • .1 , TARrs, Juno 23, 1713 N8 ( onoern.ng the eUer. which this Court son.l. to the French Governor of the fort in Hndson', S.n'i; T".h f "r "'"'^'''"^ J-""- ■" -'-*« their hein, sent thiti Zc .rnne.hateIyhythntwoHh,ps whieh we .lispatcho.l thither, Mr. Prior has snola.^o AIo eur I'on elf . ''u^^'',"' '■' '" ^'^'^^ ^''" ''''•'■"'''' ^"''J'^<'t^ thelihorty of seih'rK^ their in,„ ov aMe Id ::;.;'":,'"';) '"',;"'"'" '^■^'■•^■•^ ^^^^^ ''"''•^•"^-'^ -^-^ "^ ^ueh or,icrs„u.^ sin th ; : for wh h "■ "' '" ""•'■^""' "'^>' ^^'"•'"'^^">' '-- -'- — ble effects „ n 't, ; ; "' "' ""' '' '"' "'" '"'" ""' "" "" ■" "^'"•''•"°" *"^'^ "" °"^ p" ° JorsT Ari'KNntx. Hi'.'. V (. Trtnliii mill )'iiiiirntioni— (I I Ill-lilt Itfilain iinil f'rilllfr. NVRiitiutiimit 1<'t IVoco of Vtwht, rii i:i;t: HhriwHlmry to l^iliii»(broki', 2;tr(lJiimi»ry, 17i:f. TREATY OF UTRECHT, 1713. TUEATV OK Pka. K AND B^n.KNnsHI. HKTWKKN QuEK.V A.VNE op GUKAT iia,Ti..N AN,, K.NO LOU.S THK '^'*rHOP pRANOE, CONCLUDED 31 March, 1713 • frien!i!h,Jwh!rn;:.t\"'l "'■^^^^^^^^ f,""^' *° "^ ^''^'^ "^'^'^ '^ '•^■^^''^^•^' -'' ^« ^he faithful W.v„f n „ f . 'U'^t■l o he violated, and for cutting,' off ail occasions (,f distrust, w},ich mirrht at anv }-Vr'"' tarn"'. 7.'" .'"Vf^"':'""' '■•■^'''^ ""•' "^''- «f the hereditary succession to the Cr^wn of Or" t a e k.ng W di.am the Tiun, of .glorious n.en,ory, an,l of tho present Queen) to the issue of ^ above .a, I Queen, and ,n .iefault thereof, to the n,ost serene Princess Sophia, Dowa.er of Brun wifk-Ha, over sa.e. and t.jat his hen. and sue. ... do and ^:;n ^c^^ ^t^^ ^ ^ t ^ r ^Tll!^: ho anu, o , ..ation of he word and honour of a King, the most Christian King promises th^ n one besides lie Queen i.ersolf, and her successors, according to the series of the said limitation shal ever W hun or by IS heirs or successor, be acknowledged or reputed to be Ku.g or Queen oKWl itan And for adding more ample credit to the sai.l acknowledgment and promi.s:., tl^ most C itt .n Kim .loes engage that wheivas the person who in the lifetime of the lat King J „„es the Second dkuS upon him the title of Prince of Wales, and since his decea.se that of Ki..: of Crel BrZ' ' iat W .. mo ' C ''.';"""r", ' ?'.'* ''" ^''"°"^"" '''■^'■""^^ *° --1^' •'^ -'-' "the.- place, he the afo 1 d 40 "ost hristian Kmg, his l.eirs and successors, will take all possible care that he shal not at any Um h^eafter.or under any pretence whatsoever. return into tho Kingd.n of France, orany of th^ domi^^n: o)uJ\ ^^'''T""' *''^. '""'^ 'Instructive flame of war, which is to be extinguished by this peaee arose chiefly from the.K^e, that the security and liberties of Eun.pe e ,uld by no means bear the m iorof the kingdoms ot France and Spain under one and the .same King; an.l whereas it ha. at o„ Royal Ma t^^ty ot (reat Britain, and with the consent both of the mo,st Ch.istian and of .ho Catholic King. U,at this evil should in all times to come be obviated, by n,eans of renunci.ti.. dm^n f t ' u^osM^ttectualJorn, anci^executecl^^ the tenor whereof is as followr:- ♦Chalmerg' Treatioa, Vol. 1, p. 340. ' so* Joint Al'PENI>IX. S(h;. VI. Tnittirn ami t^iinri nttnitA ( 1 1 (trial Brit'iin finit Frium. Tri'.ity of Utreclit, 1713. [HiTi! follow th.! '• Letters PMtcnt l.y t!i.> Kin,!.', wliicli ii.lniit tlu- nunciiitioii of the Knvj, of Spain to tho (Vowii of France, and those of M. the Duke of Orleans, to thi' (.'rowii of Spain." fiere also follow the various instruin(,'Mts of renunciation.] Now whereas it is provicli!il and settled liy the procodin.,' renunciation (which is always to have the force of a pra;4niatic, fundamental, and invioiablo law) that at no time whatever cither the Catholic Kinj,' himself, or any of his lineaj,'e, shall seek to ohtain the Crown of France, or nsecnd the throne thereof, and hy reciprocal renunciations on the f)art of France, and hy settlement of the hereditary succession there, tondinj,' to the same purpose, the Crowns of France and Spain are so divided and separated from each other that the aforesaid renunciations, and the other ti'ansactions relating,' thereto, remaining,' in force, anil beinj,' truly and faithfully observed, they can never be joined in one. " Where- 10 fore the most Serene Queen of Great Britainfand the mo.st Serene the most tihristian ICing, engage to each other solemnly, and on their Royal words, that nothing ever shall be done by them, or therr heirs and successors, or allowed to be done by others, whereby the aforesaid renunciations and the other, tranactions aforementioned may not have their full effect ; but rather, on the contrary, their lloyai Majesties, with joint counsels and forces, will alway.i sincerely take that care, and use those endeav.mrs, that the full foundations of the public safety may remain unshaken, and be preserved untouclual for ever. Moreover, the most Christia'-. King consents and engages, that he will not, for the interest of his subjects, hereafter endeavour to obtain, or accept any other usage of navigation and trade to Spain, and the Spanish In-lies, than what was practised there in the reign of the late Kim' Charles the Second of Spain, or than what shall likewise be fully given and granted, at the same time, to 20 other nations and people concerned in the trade. X. The said Most Christian King shall restore to the kingdom anpfH.inmm ad radan," &ad in the French copy, " f < ;;,(*..• .,ii,' en dvi^ndenir Ciia!ni.T»- Trwtied, Vol. 1 ; Le Clerq, Itecuoil, torn. 1 ; Proceedin),'* of the Conimisaaries, 1719-20. «J|?Wj i tlic Kiiii( of Si»aiii." Here ilwiiys to liave it the Catholic I'ud tlio throne the hereditary (O divided and dating' tboreto, one. Wliere- 10 Cing, engage to , or their heirs ind the other, y, tlu'ir Iioyai md nse tliose lie preserved •ill not, for the avigation and the late Iving i same time, to "'* Britain, to be ids, seas, sea- :),* no tracts of AH whieh.as rtresscs there :lio ratification il)Jt.'cts liaving nndemolished, of powder if 30 war nsually Company of id or liy sea merchandizes, eferrod to in to be forth- dson and the dl be wholly ■isioners shall British and 40 ven, according )r all damages 'predations of lamed at the ito the com- Iso concerning I that published ,' thurmiii'D," ia ihiuTs' Treatiei), "jOo S ^::::^t:::^':;j:::^^^^ f ---f --^ others, as into those things of .hi.. also to fVe,H.h .sIn-ps if p.rcl.anco am s, el ^'^I^/^'-''^^"'" >" t'^" -'^land of Xevis, and castle ^f (Ja.al.ia like .nanner into 1,1 di;pu;e::^tS. "' S tZ ^t" ''^ '"'f '' ™'^'^^^^ '^ *""" '' I^-" • -' '" and which are notyet ended ; and .In si hair el '"'"VV"? "■'"" '""^"<-'^'" ''°^'' ""t-"'^- t..e day that '^i::^:::^;r t;::^:^-- rr^ tt' '- ''- ''- -^ ^'--^ «''^"- - monts. by virtue whereof it shall up " th t h "T ^'f l^l^n^"" ""^ "'''''^^'^'''= ^''''^■^' - -^tru- ^-e,d-terby British snbjects,likwrdIV It ^ f "^ ' ^'"-'^t^'I.l.er is to be possessed alone 10theeityofiVn.I^,yaI,l. ;,,:,7:4,^^^^^^^^^ -eient bonndaries, as also the said lan.is and islan.ls, t.,gethe 3 ,k,?,b • w''' """"'^ '" ''""^^ '""'^^^ ^^''"■'■'' '''T>'nd on ^■•"'l.s and places, and all ngh^vlats^M Pr^nety, and possession of the said islan.ls. Christian King, the Cn.tvn of iC raotl ''?■'' f'T ^^''^y "^'t--''. -'-J' the M.,st ''•aid islands, lands and places, and the h'alln ?„. I " '"'' '^T''^' ^''"" ''''^'-''''^ ''-> *" ^he of Great Britain, and to he Crow t tl e M T^^'V^^' "'' ""''" '''-'' "' ^''^' ^-'^" ™ake over all the particulars above sai land that s. / '""" '"^'' '-^^ '""^'"^ >''''-' --• the Most Christain King shall here fttt ett If '^1V"^ 'V,rn, that the snbjects of and other places, on the%oasts of N vl l^ti u ?? '"'■^.;' '^'""^ '" '''" ^'^''' -^■^- '->- within thirty leagues, beginning from tit 1 7" "" * -se which lie towards the east 20 stretching along towards the soutU't """^^ ''^"'^'^ ^^'^^'^ inclusively, and thence ^^^^^-^:^^X^tS:::;^^^^^ fr«- ^"^1, from this Ume .rward other places in the said island are in U^V^^^n^l^T 'i ",' ?" "' ^''"''"^'■^' '""^ -'''^^-'- «even n.onths from the exchange of the ^^Z^^f '"^^ ''ench «hall be yielded and given up. within Christian King, to those who have a eo mi ion ^.m t h'^;"'''' 7^''"''' '' P^'^^'^'"' ^'>' ''^ '''-' Nor shall the Most Christian Kin. hisXi or 1 c ^ '" f ^'■™' ^'•''^'" ^■°'- '^^^' P"''P'-e. after lay elain> to any right to tl^e' dd |„nd ^ i 1 T " !"^ "^ "'"'' ''^"'j^'^'^- '^^ ->' t'>- '-- shall not be lawful for the subjects of F. el T'V-f'^"'-^' "• ^" 'J''^' P^* <>f ^t or them. Moreover, it or to erect any buildings there i.Z ^^o^^' /''''' ^^ *'"^ ''^'' '^''-"^ "'' N-vfo„ndlan.l .'50 of fish ; or to resort to the said island btonUleim. 7 ^'' ""' 1] •""'""■'^' "'"' "■^"^^' ^■"'- '''•->'? shall be allowed to the subjects of FrancT tT • t . ,T"7 "?''""^' '^"^^ '''•>"'"^' "^ «'^''- ^'^^ '^ in no other besides that, o/ the .said id o Ne f TV" / T ''"'" "" '""' "' ^'"^^ l'^'^ ""'-■ and Bonavista to the northern poir.t o t "1 sh: 2 r;'' ? '"^'' '^'"^''l"'^ ^■'•'"" ^'^ P'-' -"-^ Cape reaches as far as the place called Point R he '.. 1'"; ''/'"f, Tr' '°"" '^ *'"^ ^'-^-''^'"^ -'« both in the n.outh of River St. Lawrenc a , in he tl "' ,' "'" '"'f 7,'' "'^ "''^" "" "•'-^«' r.ht..e French, and the Most Christian King tnt^J^l" ^i:^^;^*:;!;;- ^-.^ 40 ren.ove then.selves wi.hin a\...ulny t "£; ! Ih v "^^ H n • T'' ^'"^ ""^^' '^'^^^ '•^-•^>' '^ moveable effects. But those wlu, an. ^1111^1.^1:.. f^ ""'^ !''^'! ^'""'^ «t. together with all their .foiNT An'ENDIX. Sfo. vr. Treaties and I'liinrntii.na (lldreat liriUiinand /•'rant'c. 'i'rciity (i i t'tiirlit, 1713. Britain, are to as far as the law 50 ts. But those who are willinrrf... • . ^ , "" "t- to!,'t'tlier with all their e-uoy the free e;::;:e;f i^ :;^:: t::- ; r;,:-^^^^'^ ':. '- '^'"^"-" -^ ^^-t ws of (Jreat Britain do allow the sime ^ "'"^'' "' "'^' ''^'''''^' "'' ^^«'"^. n.oie^Ii<:i'; tft latir:;^;:^:'^!^^ -"1 -'rr f ^" ''^■^^■"^*- «- - ^^""-c or the other natives of An.erica who arc"" , to m I '" ''"'""'i"" "^ ^^^^ «•■'-". ""•• to shall behave themselves peaceably towa II ! A ' """"""■ ^''^ '"''•'"^*^'^ "'" <^''-^'^t Britain on both sides they shall L^.yU 1 :. t f tim IT"' "'" "" "'''^^^ "^ '""^"^^ *'^ ^'-"-^ -d of those countries shall wiiluhe ^^l^ir^::^'!^''- T "'T'"'f °' ""'"• ^'^ «''^" ^'^ -*-- for promoting- tra-le on nn,. .;., , '. , ^' '''^'!^' "' *''^'3' plc'a.se, to the British and French Colonies. of the British .subjects or of tlie Frencl ither, without any molestation or hind who are, an Pill it is to 1 d who ought to be, accounted the subj ranee, eitlier on the part exactly and di^^inetly settled by Con lects and friends of Britain or of F iinissioner.s. ranee. i J06 Joint Appkniiix. Sec. VI. Treaties and Convcntiona- (1) Ureal Britain and France. XXI. The most Chri.stian King will, in consideration of the friendship of the Queen of Great Britain, grant that, in making the treaty witli the Empire, all things concerning the stat(! of religion, in the aforesaid Empire, shall bo .settleil conformable to the tenor of the treaties of Westphalia, .so that it shall plainly appear that the most Christian King neither will have, nor would have had, any alteration made in the said treaties. Proceedings of the Cominis- saries, under Treaty of Utreont, 1719-20: PAPERS RELATING TO THE PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENGLISH AND FRENCH COMMISSARIES, UNDER THE TREATY OF PEACE OF UTRECHT, 171D-20. (Copies furiiishod by the Public Record Office, London.) The CoiMMissARiEs. [The English Commissaries were Daniel Pulteney and Martin Bladen, Esquires 10 They appear to have been of the Lords of Trade. The Commission of Queen Anne appointing them, is dated 3rd September, 1719, and is signed by Lords Justices — Parker, C. Aroyle and Greenwich. Roxburgh. Berkeley ; and by J. Craggs. The French Commissaries were the Marechal Comte d'Estri^es, and the Sr Abb^ Dubois, Minister and Secretary of State. The Commission is dated the 2-tth 20 October, 1719, and is signed LOUIS. Par le Roy, le Due d'Orleans, Regent, present, — Le Blanc. 1719. (The English Commissaries, under the Treaty of Commerce of 1713, were Charles Whitworth, James Murray, Joseph Martin and FredcricK Heine ; their Commi-ssion being dated 13th December, 1713. — The French Commissaries, under the same treaty, were the Srs Anisson and Fenelon : they were commissioned 10th February, 1714.)] Mr. Bladen to Mr. Delakaye, Secretary of the Lords Justices. London, July 3rd, 1719. ^M ^i)*^"" '° ^'"'' — '^'"'^^ y°" "^^^ pleased to do mo the nonour to propose, in behalf of theyr Excellencys, tlie 30 faye, July 3, Lords Justices of Great Britain, that I .should go to France in order to Treat there witli such persons as shall be api)oiute'^ by His Most Cliristian Majesty, concerning tiie several matters left undecided by the late Treaty of Peace, concluded at Utrecht, and referred to Commissarys to be hereafter named for the purpose, I take the liberty to acquaint you, that I liavc perused the said Treaty, and do find that... the twelve articles provide fur the surrender of the Island of St. Ciiristopher, and of Nova Scotia in its fullest extent, to the (Jrown of CJreat Britain. But, as there have lately happened some disputes between the subjects of the two Crowns upon the interpretation of the thirteenth Article of the .said Treaty, relating to the Boundarys of Nova Scotia, (the French Article upon this head being worded very different from the Latin one,) I presume their Excellencys, the Lords Justices, will be of opinion 40 it may be for His Majesty's Service that the said boundarys should be settled, as soon as may be, by Coinmis.sarys in behalfe of Great Britain and France ; but previous thereunto, it will certainly be necessary that the true sen.se and meaning of the Treaty of Utrecht upon this subject should be so fully explained that the said Commi,s.sarys may have a certain rule to walk by It wi'l be proper that the person, who .shall iiave the honour to be charged with their Excellencys' Commands coiicerning them, should be fully apprized of the demands which the Hudson's Bay 10 507 ^^^'C^:!^:^:^:^!::^^^^^ ^rX-^^^^^- ^^- or France, an. nmy likewise, if tl.eir Ekc letv Zl ? r .' "^ "^ ^'''^' to exan.ine tl.e same, who n.en>orials now ron.ainin, in te SL a fon OiH " " "''' ' """'"'^ '' ''' ^"^'' J"^'-- --» andofHu-lHonlky.... . ""^^^'''^^ ""'^^ ^'^''^^ t« ^"^ the Boundrys of Nova Scotia n.ay"'*;:'Z!2:i:2e':;.^e?:X^^^^ °"'>^ ^^'^^^^^^ one of .y instructions eM.ye,i„„.,etter„,.,.. SS-- T^i.1 p I 1 ^ —"v-nvito v^uiiiumiKis Rifmirvd t.o it fls Uia M.,; ^ • ri ■ ' --t''- " ""<- "iLuosd coniiuission bstriictions for Mr. Bladen, to tre- 1, Augtim!"" by the 10th, lltli, 12th, 13th, 14th and ^«M,^esty and the late F;;^chK;,;ri:Zri4:L'"""' ''" " '"' "' ^■' 1713, between Her late book!Xpit^wh:i:r:r:ar::?'^? '] ''% '-^^^^^ ^^ --» «^ ^^^^ n^uitipucityof we were ol-lii'd to consu t ^tT ZI ^^or^ T? "'" T""'""'' "^^^^ ^'"^ ^"^J^^' ^^^'^^ *•-* merchants trading to Hudson' Ba the A "n '7 "'" 'T '""^'^ ''"''^'^ ^^ ^'^^ ^onipany of British success ..f this n..^'^,tioncou-d,^^^^^^^^^^^^^ ^^"-^'"^ '"^ """"'^^ °''"'- P^''^^^ eoncern'd in the -e .nade the ^^.^^I-^^ir 1^:^;"^^:^^^^^^^^ - -Ich we to thr^'^ii^: B:i::t:zi^^:; ;!;: s^i^rr ^ -^-^f '^ "'^ ^^-^^'« -^ ^^^ p-^— asfarasthcBayofMexieo which lnv^,^^r ;""'■"' '■°" """'^^"'^ ^'^>^ and Nova Scotia, 30 French wou'd nL perhaps be le , d v t s "^.r^.^"^"'^' .^^'-'^^^^^^^^ ^-- -a to sea ; hut as the able to get such n^aps e the said , 1 i ns as n '"" "/ ^'' '"' ""^"^ "^ '^'^^"^ "°^ '''''^'^^''^ ^een nmtions a.s nn.ht be remii -dl u " t^^^ °"' °^ *° obtain such furth.. I nfor- to places which the Fren ot^os 'n.et L to "H ff' ^'"^^ "' '"'>' "^^ '"^ ^"^'■i^" -, ward from New England .1 nv to tl Gul of M^ ' ""m ' i''"' "' ''^ ^"^'^'^ P^^"'-^'"- -" '^ ^^t- full powers, that pan of the Tenth Ani v r.:!,:: 'Ta '' 'T' .H '^^^^ °"^ ^^ '''■ '''-'''''' between the colonies of the two ..utions in A. . ^'"""''^ settlement of the boundaries of Hudson's B,.y and Nova Scoti o'l ht "1' " ^'T ^" '""'"■"'^" ^'^ *^« ^»-'^-i- no exception can reasonably be inade '' '"'"^''^ '"' '"'^^""^^ "S-"^^ ^''i^''- -'^ think, Artie;roa::;Z:^^:^1;,^:;torT:Xr ^""T"T ^^^ '"^"^ '^.-b.e to the several .Onati^thenleftumLterndn.;andtL;:::;^-:7tr^^^^^ accor::t:r;^.s;:i:3-t^^^^^^^ whom we have discours'd, concern n.tropo.ne f T "V P'T^*^^'*^"^' '^^ -'^'J - f-" persons with River St. Lawrence northward ttha of luM" '''\ ' '■^"•:-'^ settkMnents. fron. the n.outh of the daily increase of their power in o parts we cr'^TT rT''""'''' '" '^' ^'^^^ °^ '''''^-- -^ th° In Joint S,v7yi. Tnalha and t \inV( rttinli,^- (!) a not Jirituin unit France. rrocci'diiigs "f t"i>iiimiH- sarifs uiiilii- Treaty i)f I'trirlit, 171'J :» : The Lords of Trade to the Lords •Justices, 2(!th Au(f., iris». 508 the nieantime. we cannot help observing to Your Excellencies, that among the other grants that we perusd upon tlus occasion, we have seen one fn.n King Charles the First, tu Sirllobert 1111 ^r^t ; L r'r. l'" -r r'ri^r"":'-'' '^ '^^''^""" ^'"^ ^"•"I"-^'-^>' "^ ^-''-^- ^'--. -^^^ contains not only the - g.eatest part of ilorula, but likewise extends itself westward beyond the Kiver Mississippi. Itweroho.rtilytobewish'dthat. in imitation of our industrious neighbours of France some ^uTl':; "''r'f""'"^^''''^'^''"^'"^'^ '''^^^^'- '^^''^'^ ^'- ^'^y of Mexico. mor^Teci; no;fao,uii.'d. " " '""' ' °'" P"""^ ^'""'"" '^ ' ^"^"'-^ Treaty whatever might be Your ENcellcncies will fin.l by the maps of those countries that the Fort of St. Aurmstine which expete.^ ""''"" "' ^''' ^"'^ "^•^''^"P^"' ™'«ht be reduced at a very small All which is most humbly submitted. Charles Cooke, p. docminique, d. pulteney, WTiitchall. Aug'st ye 26th, 1719. ^^''^''' Blavei^. Instructioiu to CuniiiiiH- eary Ijladin, 171U. Instructions to Commissary Bladen, 1719. Instructions for Martin Bladen, Es'°» ^^''" ''''''''' His Majesty's Commission under the Great Seal of G,eHtI.r.tam. appointing you. the said Martin Bladen, to be His Majesty's Commissary for treating ofandconclu ing, with the Commissary or Commissaries on the part of Uie French l4,. al t h matters and things as are referred to your cognisance and determination by the said Commission „ ^t^:^U^^:t:^J^^^J^T ^^ '"''• ''^^- Her late Majesty Queen Anne and between H?/v"',^'''''w?''f^''"'''"'>^'' ''''''' "' ^'''''''' t'^at the limits and boundaries be ween Hudson s Bay and the places appertaining to the French, be settled by Commissaries on each 30 part, which Inn.ts both the British and French subjects shall be wholly forbid to pass over or thereby to go to each other by sea or by land," you are to endeavour to get the said limits settled in the following manner, that is to say :— 58X Zl 't 'Tl^T ^'•°'" '\' ^^'^'^'^ 'f"^ Grimington's Island, or Cape Perdrix, in the latitude of 081 north, ^h ch he Company desire may be the boundary between the British and French subject.. on the coast of Laboradore towards Rupert's Land, on tlie Ea-st Main, and Nova Britannia on the French of ( 'irPe , "" r T' ,'T^T' ^""' '' ^"'"' whatsoever shall pass to the northwestward of (ape Peidrix or Gnmington s Island towards or into the Streight. or Bay of Hudson, on any pretence whatsoever. And further, that a line be drawn from the south-westward'of the Island of Gril.dngtl o Cape erdrix (so as to include the same within the Limits of the Bay) to the great Lake Miscosinke 40 alias Jhstoveny dividing the said lake into parts (as in the map to be delivld to you) • and Un w ere te said line shall cut the 40th degree of northern latitude, another line shalll^gin lib extended westward from the said lake, upon the 49th degree of northern latitude; over which said lino so to be described as above mentioned, the French and all persons by them employed shall be nro- h.bited to pa.ss to the northward of the said 49th degree of latitude, and to tne nortl'oi' no;twestw'ard of he said lake or supposed line, by land or water, on or through any rivers, lakes or countries, to trade, orerec any forts or settlements. And the British subjects shall likewise be forbid to pass he said supposed line either to ♦'"' o<^m*»."—>.i — — -^ > ^ to the .southward or eas tWafu. 509 the tnulo of the Hudson's Bay i„„:pa4:,^^:^'j^ :\^ ;::;;: ''"''"^ \' ""''?'""'' *" •"^-J given to the French t^ clain/r.^t rl ," '"'"''"'■'^'' ■ -' -- ^''« i-- pany-s principal factory se le^w r W ti:o I T' '' -^"'"^ '''^^^' "P"" ^^•'■'^•' '--• ^'^ ^••-"- ^0 the .aid facto.,, and „!ay in Itl^ ^ y r^^t ::: ^Ttl^r' "^ I"'"^" ^''^"^ '■°'" ^"""'"^ ^° insist that the said fort be -riven un ,^ '?'" ^Y'^''" "*^^''« <^^'''I'''^''y 't not prevented ; yo.. are to from that settlen.ent. " ^' "'^'"^'•'^hed by the French, and their subjects be withdrawn colonies, ships, persons and .o„ Is bv t " Wib ' ^"'"P'-^^^^- ^h« "^'a-ages and spoil done to their peace ;" and the said (Jon.paty h avt . ll " , /"^-T"- "' ""'r'^'^^''' '' *''^ 1' '■°-''> - ^ime of tion.s, an .ccount under th ir con^ "^e. f 1 ," "'^•'"^^^ V"'"'^^"'"" ''"' '''■^'^^' -'^' ^''-^t- peace. whicli will be delivered to you with '"' ''f """' ''^ "'°"^ ^'•°'" ^''" ^^'^^^'^ '" ^inies of insist that satisfaction be made to Te;! On '"■"''" '"'''" '"' '""^ '"'''' ' ^"" ''•' '" ''^'^ "'->'- to 20 "''"'' '° ^'"^ ^'^"^ CJompany pm-suant to the said Article. * • • Latin Treaty is to^I.e your" de' n aS ascs h" f'' ^'"'; "".f" ^"' "" '" '"^*^* "P"" '^- ^'^^ '- to any i.slands lying i^, the^Bly "g It ^f c™^^^^ '''" '' ''' ''^"'^ '^''^'^'^ ^''^^ -" ^-" - title bonnda:^ Lis^r o? H:d w:^b1;zi N^-rrr^ '"' 'f T '''-^'-'- - ^-^ "^ -^ this a. a tacit ack,.owledgn..nt of he' ntl^ T^^ W "^^"•['-'«-. ^-^ ^he French shoul.l take back and westward of the^Britisl F^^ ■ tJ n n tl "' t ^^^J*^ -"''-^-'^^ ^'-y have n.ade on the French Co.nn.i.ssary or Oommissarie '.a His Vf T\ "^ ^^""'"^ = ^'"" ••^'■'' ^« ^'^''--^ ^o tho ^several encroaclnnents upon thrBlsh^ett. '"';'" '"""" " '"'"^^ ^''"^ ^''•^"^'' '-''' '"^de '' Majesty shall have rocei'ved o^t r"sp Go' "" FT'^' "'"' ""^^^ ''^ ^'--•^•-"' -''- ^^'^ particular account of all such en oa „ en^' tW ^^^^^^ '"^ colonies in tho.se part,, a full and ^vhile, you are to take particub-r ca^i tt v 1 ^ . '^ ^°"'l'!amed of. And in the niean- nnd the French Connni sale , e • ,i n J "" f --''articles as shall be agreed to between you Majesty be not therebrc i led t^r , "^ rr'T"^ 1 ""''^"'^ ^^'^^ ^""^ ^^«- «-t-. t'-t His Majesty or his sul^ects^nay have a^hur^^t!;: tS:;!.;!;:^ ''''' '^'"^ " '-'''-'- ^^^ you ^ :::::z t:':;:^:z'::z'zirL:''T ^" ''^"^^' " ^^ *'- ^-^ ^"^™-^- America, but more particularly clncen n.M . T ^^^••"•"^"t of the French colonies in pany, which you afe to trlZdt o „ tf h " and constitution of the Mississippi Con. 40 Majesty's ConLi.ssioners for Tl-^Ll.d'irLlions-'"'' ^'""'^"^ '""^"^^ "' ^^"^'''' ^^ ^^ Hi« of y- n:;s^:3o:h:z::;'S:f i!:^ 'r ^^ t-r ^" ^-^ p--^^-^^. ^-^ng the cour. the .enchCourt. and to confer r:;!::;-;^:;^ coui/:ott:;:;i: •:^;'^:^r::;>;::i:;- ^t :': '-^^-^ ^^-^ ^^--^^ ^^^^-^ -^-'-^-. --i^h keepaconstantcorrespondence wiU^on of Z ^'f '"^^ ''-^^^''^n^. you are hereby directed to «hail by all occasions t ansn ian w accou^ of "^ '' ' '"'r ''"' ^""'">" '' ^'^''^ ^^''-" 3"- such- further instructions as yoHl a lLr«-o tl'""' '"■*"?'^''">''^' 'f ^"" ""*^ '^^ ^'"^'^"^ ^ ^-^'^ ^'y ^ you snail iiom time to tmio receive from him thereupon Joint Al'I'KNDlX. .S,.f. VX. Tt'raliin and ('iiiiniiliijiia — (l)<'rmt Jlrildin ami riowi|.(|ill(rS()f Ciumnis- taiicH iiiiilcr Tiriity of rtrocht, irilt-'JO. Instructiiiiiato ('i'miiii8H,iry liUduii, 171U. 610 Joint ««- ^'I- Mo'"- . ^ • Majesty s principal Secretarys of State; and y„u are to deliver to Hk c.,„p„wc.„,l l„ act il,t,y ii , v™, y ] '"" *-»"'"■■""'» "«-. V their Co,„„.i.i„„, Hari»'« midiT Trcjitv of X'trcflit, inu-20. Mt. niadi'n to Mr. l)..la. fiivc, Ist Nov., 1719. Mr Bladen to Mr. Delafaye. * * * T\ !• /^ , . Paris, November y' 1st, N.s. 1710 lo The meeting first intended Lr Saturday took not place till vesterdav Mv T nV «f • UtrectaTir;!;',,',:,!''''''']'",''''™"'' «">««'» »P«"lcIya„d dWinclly. i„ the „r,lor tl,c Trcaly of ' Mr. Bladen to Mr. Delafaye. L„„l .S,a ,. , },a„, , relat,v» to tl.e actual sci,„rc „t »,„(.. /,„«;„, l,y y„ Prccl, c, Zr v "ftcr TZ On Saturday la.st my Lord Stair and I met Mareelial d'EsMes and AbW Dubois. Our time was spent in preparatory discourses concerning the intent of the 10th Article of the T ea y of m od.T da ing to tlu3 boundaries of Hud.son's Bay; and at our next meeting, whidi will be to nfoirL at . v Lo.d S airs house we .lesign to give in the claim of the Hudson's BaJ Company, in wi"t ^"'1. o e • ttre wl '"h if V"'-lr"" 'r f " "^^'^^' •'^ '^'^^'^ "^° ^^'^•"^ ^"^" '^ '- I'-'t^' will a nv 1 n tTb thei e, ^^ huh 1 fear it will not, for he is confined at present to his bed. ♦ * • But! confes.s. I cannot help thinking it will be to very little purpo,so to puzzle ourselves about ettiing boundaries, by reaty, in the North of America, if the French have .so concise a way o7 h.r. theirs in the South, without asking our concurrence ; it is to be hoped they will have tlj m.lstv to recede from this new acquisition, but in the meantime I cannot help saying this givis m no v i tod '' relish cither ot their friendship or discretion. * • • ^ Jb fa vi.-, .at. no very gooa I cannot leave this subject without observing how much it imports us to be upon our guard in our r.ii le referred to your to deliver to His so fur as tlie same 1-. Bladen. On tlie Iteney and Bladen, their (Jonmiission, 1st, N.s. 1719. 10 ■. My Lord Stair ent, we proceeded er the Treaty of e to enter on the o|)inion T have of I his assistance in 1 last night, that 20 :>;reat use to His h. 1719, N.s. ' morning in my ecia.Jy after the y little informed ion about it thia constant posses- 30 Onr time was aty of Utrecht, morrow, at my ting, with some lUow him to be )urselves about I way of fixing he tnodesty to ^q i no very good IT guard in our y's plantations time past had 3re could never Boundaries Claimed by the Enolish Commissaries, 1719. Memoir on the Suhject of the Limits op TTi'n«r>vv. u THROUGH Lcnn Stair to tup Ma vl.T,^' / Bay, sent by the Enom.sh Comm.s.sar.es, IT- M • . XV. Markchai. „ Ksmtm, one of the French Commi.ssar„.;.s, i7ia eonci";:.f:^2^n?:dS: ^ni ^^t'tf; '^ ''''- '^ -^ ^"^ ^'-^^ -^ ^- which appertain to tle„> shal be r sto >d f T f' 7 ' ' '}' ''"'^■^' '''''' ''"'''''' "^-•«- ""'' H'^ees HlualiberLnedoneachside odet .11^ "^«^-* Britain ; and that Conuni.ssaries nation shall not be permitted to ;:::b;::a:';:;.7' ^'^'=" "'^^'""^ '""^^^'^ '-"*«' *'- -''J-ts of each 10 the I^:r!::zz::n:^ r,!::;::ti^'^^^'^ 't-'^ r ''- -''' '-'^^ -^ '^ '^^■«-" - 50" 80, which .shall .s^rve as i ts tw t e L^-I^sh^l rV' f"'' "^'^^^ "' ^^^'^' ^'^^•' "^ '^'■ . ward Ruperts Land on the east main and S N ^ p\ /"'"'''' °" '^'' '''''' "^ Laboradore, to- ve.s.sel,bokorship what over ha Ib'ei^^^^ TH " "V' '""'^'^ '''''• ^"'' ^'"^^ "" ^^-^ of Davis- Bay, tJards or into ! St^rlo ' Bav Jl " ""'^ " "" ""^ ^''"^ "' ^'''^ "-'^'^ -I'« thermore. that a line .shall be .Irawn fom the s^y 1 """ 7\7 '.'yr'"-' whatsoever; and fur- Mi.seo,sinke or Mistoveny, dividi J the sa d !• ke n T T ' ^ ''" ^'^' ^'^^'-^''^'^ ^^'^ ^'-^^^^ lake shall intersect the 49th -ar 11 F n th Uti u L anot?'"; ' ", u'""' ''' "" ■''''''' ''''''' ^'-' ^''^ '''- on the west side from he said ake Lnfl e ^97 n 1^ '"' ^'^'^" ^^ ^^^^''^'^ thus described, neither the Frenclnnr in? ^^ *-^^^> P«'-^l'f «f "O'th latitude; beyond which lines 20 of the sahi 49 h pa mle of no7h 1 tuZ o" t" n'^^r^'T! ''^ ""^"' ^^"" ^^'^ ^"-''^^'^ ^'^ "^rth supposed line, neiUu-r byld ^ bv r.: T ""'' ^^'^ '^^ "orth-westof the said lake, or t Jing. nor build any ll^^Lll any ^^ttllenT'"^^ "'"' "^^^' '''' '' ^°""^^^' ^^ ^''^ P"'-- «^ a set:i:!i:ru:e ::: 'r:;i: p^fi^'r t^c ^" '^^ the French shall ,uit the.saidttttn nt a dlh u Britannic Majesty iusi.st that up to the Con.pany of Eng.i..h merchant's trading in nll^lt; ai:Zir" '""^'"°"-^>'^" '^^^'-» ^nnl!:::^'^::::^:::::::^;^^^ his Most christian M^esty ..H not pretext whatsoever, and that the stream ami t 1 Z ^''!^\.'^"^PY '"^^ ""J^on's Bay. under any' 30 fee to the Cou.pan^ of En;Ll^nri:rt a^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ :^!^^ ^^' f 7«.* «'>'^" ^>^' lef^ to traffic with them. " iiutlson s Lay, and to such Indians as shall wish .ToiNT AfI'KNDH. ScJTvi. Trraliin and ' 'fi;;rf ntiaiia — ■ (/JCnut Jin la in and Frit net', l>f C'nlJllllii!- Kiirica uiidi'r Treaty of I'li-ffht, 171!l-20: Bminrlarics cl.'iitucd liy KiiKlifliCom- iiiiHsaries, 171U. Mr, Bladen to Mr. Delafaye. n,. WT 111, Paris, November 11th 1719 n'< with.* • J-"" ""1 pi-iLti\e tne same lias been fully comnlv'd toMr. iHa. fay,., nth • 40 Mr. Pulteney to Mr. Secretary Craggs. — Lr_'f±!!!!!li^!!Li!!!!:±^!^^ appoint a day. ^',;\rr"'^r' ♦See the preceding paper. ' ~ Cragi^H, 4th May, 1720. Joint Api'kniiix. 9..C. VI. Trrntirit and i'ntirnitiofis (1) llrrnt Britain nihl Frailer. rroceedintfs of C'oiiiiniH- narii'H undiT Trciity of rtrccht, 512 which he promised to do. This is what the Regent has pronii.sed my I/)rd Stair once every week, for four or tivo months past, witliout any eHoct, and His Excellency does not expect any more from the promise now, tlio' possibly a ('onferi'neo may be appointed for form sake. I have been here near six months, and have seen only one t'onforence, which was appointed by my Lord Stanhope's desire; I '.'link there had been two I'onferences bufoi'e I came ; at the first of them tlie Commissions were read, and at the second my Lord Stair and Mr. Uladon gave -in a memorial about the limits of the Hudson Bay Company, to which no answer has been made I must own that I never could ex|)ect much success from this Commission, since the French interests and ours are so directly opposite, and our re- spective pretensions interfere so much with each other on the several points we were to treat about ; but that the Fnnch have not been willing to entertain us now and then with a ('onferenco, and try how far 10 we might be disposed to comply witli any of tlie views they had in desiring the Comnussion, cannot, I should think, be accounted for, l^it by supposing they knew we came prepared to reject all tlieir demands, and to make very considerable ones for ourselves I shall expect your further directions as to my stay or return ; I cannot help owning I heartily wish for the latter, but I .shall always submit to what His Majesty likes best, ami shall only desire in this case that I may have a supply from the Treasury, since I have not had the good fortune to be concerned in either of the Misisepids. French memoirs re- lating to limits of HiidHon's Bay, 171U-20: M. iJ'Autctiil, first Momuir. FRENCH MEMOIRS, 1719-20, RELATINO TO THE LIMITS OF HUDSON'S BAY UNDER THE TREATY OF UTKECHT. 20 Extracts from Two Memoirs of M. D'Auteuil, respectinq the Limits of Hudson's Bav, 171P--20. (Copies obtained from the Archives of the Department of Marine and the Colonies, Paris.) First Memoir. • * * All these facts being laid down, of which my Lords the ComndsF'" ries will make such use as they may juilge proper, I come to that which concerns the lindts. On the supposition that it may be ueces.sary, in virtue of the lOth Article of the Treaty of Utrecht, to cede to England Fort Bourbon, and all the other establishments which are on the shores of the Baj', I say : 1st. That it is well to remark that the English, in all the places of the .said Bay and Streighta jvhich they have occupied, have always stopped at the border of the sea, carrying on trade with the 30 savages who went there to find them ; whil>t the French, from the foundation of the colony of Canada, have not ceased to traverse all the lands and rivers bordering on the said Bay, taking possession of all the places, and founding everywhere posts and missions. 2nd. They cannot say that any land, or river, (-r lake belongs to Hudson's Bay ; because if all the rivers which enter into this Bay, or which communicate with it, belongs to it, it might be said that all New France belonged to them, the Saguenay and St. Lawrence communicating with the Bay by the Ivfikes. That this being incontestable, it is for France to regulate the limits in tliis particular quarter ((i re'jler li'H limiti's tie c<' cote l(i) ; and that of the little which she may cede, she will always cede that which is her own, as the English cannot pretend to anything except a very small extent of the country 40 adjoining the forts which they have pos.se,sbed at the bottom of the Bay. Nevertheless tLeir pretensions amount to nothing less than to overrun nearly !l the north and west of New France, as they would also do on the south coa.st by extending the bi iindaries of Acadia as far as the Fort at Quebec, these being the propositions which the Commissaric named by the King of England have made, but which they have never signed. [He then quotes the English claims as submitted by Lord Stair.] The sinii)le reading of these propositions renders it apparent that there can be no other respon.se to make to them than to reject them absolutely, as not having any foundation which can support them. By what light indeed, and in virtue of what Treaty, do these gentlenuMi break the Treaty of Breda, 50 which j'laco'l oiir limits at the OOth paralk-!, in order to jihice them at the 4!ith, not im\y fp>!n the :-horeH of the Bay which has been ceded to them, but stretching towards the west in every longitude. The 41^ every week, for more from the ■n hero near six ihope's desire ; I sions were read, of the Hudson Id expect much ite, ajid our re- treat about ;bnt , and try how far 10 linsion, cannot, I reject all their urther directions 11 always submit supply from the ipi)is. BAY UNDER 20 jdson's Bay, ris.) ifTJes will make supposition that ;o England Fort ly and Streights trade with the 30 jlony of Canada, possession of all lecause if all the be said tliat all the Bay by the vrticnlar quarter dways cede that nt of the country 40 their pretensions , a.s they would it Quebec, these nade, but which other response to n support them. rreaty of Breda, 50 y fn>tn tho ■riliores longitude. The cist ,l»,.reo .,r .h.rc.b,,,,,,, „1 id • ' ''Z ''^'"■" }T "'« "'!» "' ««t...i. I,l,„„l, a,, thl -..;tw:r;r;::;;;t:';;,:;::,:;:;r::!r-.'„«t "Trr, "■"■'«""" "^ - - c».,ti„„„,i, each „„„ ki,,,, ,,,,.,at ..n'towr ^^ °™ ' '"'""'"'' "" '"" ""■" '""* "I"'" '« Second Memoih. The 10th Article of the Tieatv of I>,..ip , , f TTf i . Hudson shall be restored to England Th r f„ H T''' ^''"'''"^^'' "'"^ "" ^'''''' -"" ^'^ '^'^v "f 20 that the lindts of the territory i^, e tion , ; ' "" ""l T x ^•'"'^'' """^^ '•"'^'^"" ''"• ^'"- ''™"i north latitu.ie. since this cape'^is n^ I .,!'"?"" '. '■' '» '^'^ •^"' degree or thereabouts, which is tl e 0, n „ J Zf' M " ."'■' ''' '''' ^'"^"'' ^'"'^^ ^" ^^e (ilst they den>a„d, would carry away a •' el Z^o to Ian 7';^ '''r'^' '"'' ^"'^ ^■^■"•^•^'^•^' ^'-■" -'"«'> ."ont of Canada, and which Francetvs nc tll^ e "^, ^^t?''"'' "'"'' "''''"'^'"'^ ^" ''-' ^--'n- of the dividing line should ho at^\J " ^ i, " 'Ih T H "; ' '" "'" '''"" *''^ -nuneneen.ent Hudson's Straits, .. is explained by ^Si; 1 ^ " •'''? T 'f ""'""^ ^'"^ ^"^'•'-^ "'^" tern..ry between Fort Rupert an.fthat !i ^I^C^^M i^!: '^rt ""'' '■"" '^ '" ""'''^'^ "^ ^^" 30 of Fn.nee has neverlaid tl^t li: t ' : ^: 'T^^ 'T 'T"'" '"""'^^''"'' ^^'"^ ^'^^ ^'^ '^'^ Canada, but that he would restore those^ 1 ' !t^ ,,"^ '"'"f^ apj.rtam.ng to the Clov,.rn,nont of the territo, which ti^ den.nd should eouie 'i^rt:;:;;:: It ;:nrbf ii^^;::)!^;;;^ :';r^-^' '-' .om thence, there shall be drawn :lr r;::::; ^^ IS SlltH '' '^^'^""^' ^^ "- Fran:^;o:r:i:z;:;t;.;:;:;:;ltirrrT'" ^^:;"""r ^'"^ ^"•^^'-'-' -•' •>-'--> ^.^t Treaty of Breda, to the mi^!. ^^^^Zl^^'TT T f '"''''• '''''''' ''^•'""^'•^ '" '^ •'>' ^l' also is a novelty, of which no ^^...: :::i^7::^^::f:^^^ n^z:^ tsr- •TniNT Al'I'K.NDH. .Sec. vr. TriiiHia unit <''!(!■' Illi4ill»~ llntiihi mill l-'l'ldlfl. Mi'iimirn I'i'liitiii;; to HiiiiHiiirs Hay, I71!).2(): •M. DAutPuil, lirMt Memoir. ^^ i>-Aut.iiii, "cc'ond .Mc'iiioir, 40 Lamjthe-Cadii.lac on the Limits, 172(). (Copy ..btair.ea fr.„n tho Dcpart.nent de la Marino, Paris.) Extract fhom a Memoir concernino the Limits of Apah,* .^, 1720. TO THE Duke ,.e Orleans. Reoe vt Iv .mZZ Tl "" '"""'"'^ ""''• «'^''^^' '^ Captain in Canada, and Governor of Ili"s.sJ,n:i ^'•'"'"' "' '''''"■''■ ^"'""■^"'-- ront...-t.,. .I.,n ..p..u tnc word n.^hluen, (siudl rextorr), because it is oerf.in ^ . '^ '"■" ''''" ^-'-'he- een no unjust^pos.ses.sion there is no ,,lace for restitution. '''"'"" ^'^"''^ *^^« S!"'"' be been Joint Al'HKNDIX. 514 Sec. VI. Treatim ami I'niniitiiinii I 1 1 limit r-nni(itlif- <'iulillfic, 1720 Thf Knij:lish liave never |)()s.se.s,se(l tho landH that the Fronoh have at Hudson's Bay, therefore it is impossil.le for the Kinj,' of Franco to restore them to thorn, for one cannot lewtore more than that which ha.s been taken hy UMir|iiitioti. Tl"' ("'i^t '•■<. tlnit "I the time of the .said Trciity of Utrecht, tlie Freiieli jxw.sessed one part «.f tho lir''"'" '""' Strait and Bay of Hudson, and the English pos.sessed tho other. It is viry true tliat tlie King of France liad, some time before, eomnuMvd the English part, and it [is]bf this tliat it has been understood that restitution is to be made, tliat is to suy to trouble them no more in tlieir enjuymout ; but with regard to the said lands possessed by the French in tho said Bay, if they have previously bdong.nl to th(! English, tb.e King will bind Idmself in the sam- luanner, to make restitution of them. But there must be a real and incontestable proof of proi)rietorship ; ami tliis the Crown of Englaml cannot 10 produce. Treaty "f Ail Ln-Clmpflli', 174«, French Mein- oirH ri'Litintr to HudHuIlH liay,17."«lil; Oali»»iini)Te on Frciicli Colciiiios, 1750. THE TREATY OF AIX-LA-CHAPELLE, 1748. Art. V. All tlie conquests that have been nuuie sincu the cominent'eni«,'iit of the i)ro.sent war, or, which, since the conclusion of the preliminary articlos, signed the .'!Oth April last, may haves lieen or shall be maile, either in Europe or the East and We-t Indies, or in any part of the worlil what.sdovir, beirsj to be restored without exception, in conformity to \vUatwa.s stipulated by the .said preliminary articles, and by the declaration since signed, the high contracting parties agree to give orders immediately for proceeding to the restitution, as well as to th<' putting the Most Serene Infant Don Philip in jio.xse.ssion of the states whicli are to be yielded to him by virtue of tho said preliminaries, the said parties solemnly renouncing, as well for thoiaselves as their heirs and successoi-s, all rights and claims, by what title or 20 pretence soever, to all the states, countries, ami places that they respectively engage to restore or yield • saving, however, the reversion stipulated of tin; states vtclded to the Most Serene Infant Don Philip. FRENCH MEMOIRS AND PAPERS, 17oO-17*n. RELATING TO THE LIMPfS OF HUDSON'S BAY UNDER THE TREATY OF UTRECHT. Extracts fkom M. dk la GALissoNNifcuE's Mraoiu us nii; French Colonies in North America, dated DEfEMitEK, 17.")0.» Having tr.nvted of Uanau occupied of ol.l J '";"'"'■' '^''■""'"" tli.M.pper purt of th. .ivors un,l tlio lak.. wind, tlwy hav. ^jp.e.i ol.l. o, M tin... ...ore rccculy occupie.l, and whose waters, „evcrtla.l....ss (low into li.iisou's the Laict of t H AM ii' ,'"'%'% ^' ""'"^ ^''*^' '^•"""^' "^•'-■^^ ^'-^ '"'V. son.e actually L 10 as fallin. i. t Hud C "' ''^ "" '''■^^"■^'"•^- ^'" ^''^'^"•^ "^ ^'"'=>' -'" «'-- -' -"" '-P-^ .foiNT Al'l'KNDIX. Tnttlii 1(111,1 f'"nrnititinM~- ( nUrmt Jtnliiin mill Friint'r. Kreiich .Nfp- Iiiciirs ri'liitiiiff til II>ii|k M. OK VAU.RKUXr.. OATKO VkHSAILL.S IST APKa the property of the i S 'itZ' f '" ' '" ''''' ""'"'"'^"' ^•-"■"-— - to decide the Kinl of F,.,h Hi hTl 1 • [/""""^•'"""^'" '"^'t '^^ I'-ris. At the very first conference, those of to rented thc„.,sel "e hat ute Lt! , '^ ' T" '"""'"'' "" '■"'"'^""^' ^'"^ ""^I' -'-^ they pre- Article of the V a of t, t 1^ T-'"" "., " ""''"^; '"'^'"'^'^ '" ^•'^' ^^^''^'^^ ^P^-^ i" the retained the pr^l th^^f 7 -^ ""'"' ''^ ^'"^'''^' "''^ ''"^^' — 4"«ntly. B'rance had Court, and did'^^T^ainmkthef'' "'^•"'--- ->-«' ^'-^ -i»i-l -- instructions fro.u their sions that siue'l t"t . th ., '^l^I^^'^"^?' ^^,t'-"«'h there had been .,ue.stion on different occa- En.rlish 1 .. 1 ""'P'^'^';"' '• theniMelves. of nauun- other Conwuissiouurs in execution of the Treatv th. ^ : :^ttn:: : i: "'i' 'i- '"-' r;^ r' ''^-^ '- ^^^"'"-'" •« ''^"-- -^oniied ;:^ •'; views,si,.ee L : , wt::r "'"' '"' '^'^^^ ^'— '> ^- Majesty's proceedings and the .on, peace which ;:n;r:i: tX7S::Z "^"'^'"'" ''" "'^ '^'•'^^•^ «^ ^^"'^^^' '-'^^ 30 prisef !;S:'t™;ltu.u;:' "^^^ ^rr-^"^ ^-^^^^^^ •" P'-^^'^^ ^-^^ ^« their enter . urin^ tran.judhty to lus colonies, l,y a definite fixation of the respective limits A»dt '■'" "" '"'"'"""f '" ■".'"'™ °°' «'"""' "P»" "■" "'"1" ■>' ^■-""". fu.«.er than what regard. h. owes to L2>l:^. '"'■ """ "'""■•' "■'•'■ "" ''«'"'7 °f "i" '■'■"->■ "-J tte P»teWon ha, b»c„ entered .nta w,th tl.at Court, for ih. termination of all tho»e ,li«;,„.„,.... b" PrivatH In- •tructii.tw to M. Vaudrmiil, 1 April, 17W. 40 f N. Y. Hist, Col., Vol. i^ri'iiL'es i 10, pp. 290-3. 5tG .tin NT API'K.VOU. Hiv. vr. Treiiliit ami f'inifrnti.,,,1,. (/I '/r,„t Jlriliiiii aii,< frtincf, FrcMi-h DiHiniiirH ™. lilting to MikIhiiii'h Huy. I'rivfttti Ii •triictli>nii to a pMviHional or definitive treaty; and it is alno on that principle that His Majesty wills that Sieur do Vniidn'iiil Id re;;ulate liis conduct, in r.'liitio!i to these objects, until the issue of that negotiation, wlicrc'if Pis Mnjesty will have him irifornied. He 18, in consccpionce, to bo on his fjuitnl aj,'ainst all attein()t8 the English might make against His Majesty's possessions; carefully to avoid affording them any just cause of complaint; to act on coca-. sions when'iii there may [.ossibly be acts of violene,', in su.'h a manner that he might not appear the aggressor: and to contiuo himself tu tho adoption of all possible measures to enable him to repol force by force. His Majesty's intention is, in fact, that ho confine himself to a strict defensive, so long as the English will not make any attack, which is to be regarded as a rupture on their part. 10 Tf, to ensure this defensive, he considers it nei.-essary to make the Indians act otl'ensively againat the English, he will be at lilierty to have recourse to that expedient. Put His Majesty desires tlin he do not determine on th:»t course, except so far as tho conduct of the English will render it indispensabK for tho safety and tranquillity of his government. Supposing, in the menn time, that, notwithstanding what ought to bo naturally expected from the ArTaminiiil, ocpiitable and pacific dispositions whereof the King of Ore;it Britain does not eenso to give a.ssurances lApril, iTM. }„,stilitie.s on the part ..f Englaml should reach the point that they must be regarded as a rupture ho should not, in that case, confine himself to a simple defensive, and His Majesty wills that, in such contingency, he makes une of all the powers that have been confided in him, for the operations which will bo best adapted to the good of his .service and the glory of his arms. oft As these operations must depend on circumstances, His Majesty relies on Sieur do Vaudrcuil's zeal prudence, and experience for undertaking tho.se that will appear to him tho most advantageous md the most honourable. He recommends only to him to oUservo, in the selection of tlioso that he will think he can umlertako, to give the preference to such as will have for object the Engli.sh posts that can be wholly destroyed,— such as that of Choueguon, and even Fort Buauba.ssin ; or will deserve to be pre- served, after he .shall have become master of them, either for the purpose of increasing Mie colony of Canada, as would be the case with Acadia; or of being used for exchange, according to the circum- stances which will po.ssibly occur or happen, whenever there will be question of a peace, and such would be the ca|)ture of Hudson's Bay. But before coming thus to operations of an o])en war, His Majesty desires that Sieur de Vaudreuil 30 do assure himself that the English will have in fact committed absolute hostilities, either against tho French settlements or forts of Canada, or against some other colonies, or at sea. In this category may be regarded tlio usurpations they will po.ssibly attempt on the wnRettled lands of Caniuli, and on which they have undertaken to set up unfounded pretensions. His Majesty's intention meanwhile is, that so long as they will confine themselves to operations of that sort, Sieur de Vaudreuil do content lumself with opposing them, and even employ force for that purpose, only after the has protested and made the suimnons which time and circumstances will have po.ssibly permitted And in this regard. His Majesty is very glad to enter into a fuller explanation of tho pretensions of the Engli.sh, in order to enable Sieur de Vaudreuil to act more understandingly, on occasions relative thereto. Independent of the Hudson Bay boundary, of which there has, as yet, been no question with the Engli.sh, their pretensions, as lias been already observed, have for object, to extend the limits of Acadia, on one side as far as the south shore of the River St. Lawrence, and, on the other, as far as tho frontiers of New Englan'*'"t" ' '■"ii'i-l ais|>t'iwo with iiiysi.|t from niakiiiL'. "*■"««»■■ *""K«.1T TO THE M*miiiis I>B VlUDIltlin." ho„,.,,,":'n •"'"'""''"' '"","''" ""■" ' '''■""'■•■J'" n,0 tl,. I.ll,r will, whioh you, i;,cell„,cv h., .0 err".;::, 'iz::, ^' r ':,':,:,;!";::';i:T'' ■■ t^ r "- -t - - -'^^-^ AfrENtiij. Hoc. VI. Trtatirt niitl I'mitnUiihl— lltlrrut /Intimt and Ji'ntHfr, •li'i'iiii tn, AllllllTHt, 7 H«|.t., i;(jo. ''I'll. Ainlioriit toM.llHV.u- liri'uil, 7 .S<|'t., 17fiO. Am'101.1, ok Capititlation uie *,au.t manner... . All the.so troops are not to serve during the present war and nhall likewise lay down their arms, the rest is granted." ' *" ♦r ^?'Jk?' ^'^°,'^!'-''"^«' t''° artillery, firelocks, sabres, ammunition of war, and in General .v.rv n T^r' I ' ""^' '•'"■"''"' '''^J^^^^^'- '^•^ ^^^■" •" ^'- ^'-"'^ "f Montreal and tZ IvZl as in the forts and posts m.'ntiunod in tlie Third article slu.ll l,n ,1 v i . "'vers, inventories, to the colnmi.ssnries who shall bl app i t 1 o ^^ t e .Im Tn thriia'^tr" u- ^'"^ 30 Majesty^ Duplicates of th. said In.ventories shTll be givoHo ^e MrLs de rudrlu ^ ■ Th""" every thing that can be asked on this article." ^ Vaudreuil.- This is Art. 25. A pa.ssage to B^ance shall likewise be granted, on board of his Britannin M„; f - i,- a« well aa victuals, to such officers of the Indian Companv as shalUrwil linf oZ tS ^'/^i^P'' shall tak. with tlu.m their families, servants and ba.Le T Ch ef a! .^ of Z In ""'^ '^'^ a.se he should ehuse t„ go to France, shall I. allowed\o' eav" Ih peLfa. ht s H | u! nk "''^^^^ next year to .settle the affaii. of the .sai.i Company, and to recover ^^::^Jl ar „\ r^^h Art. 26. The said Company shall 1... maintained in the property of the VrnrUf,^.. a r, . .0 whic the, .., bave in the Town of Montreal : they .shall no't b^t^Ved ^^l^er I^;" „ ^th^^^^^^^ and the necessary Licences shall be given to the Chief Agent, to send this year his Castors to Frl' on board his Britannic Majesty's ships, paying the freight on the same footing as h BHish vlld S It.-" Granted," with regard to what may belong to the "Company or to T,rivat« 1^ T /.^ mostChrisUan Majesty has any share in it, thaf mu.st become theprp.l^^tte ID" ' "' '' "^ " ""■ ' ' ■■■ ■- — . ^__ " O* * Smith'! Hi.toty of Canada, p. 360. t Ibid., pp. 362-371 ~~ 518 Joint AprKNDH. Sec. VI. Trmtirr ami Vomriitititin - ( Dllrmt Britniti ami f'rtt nrf. ArticlPB of Capitulntion SthSciit., 1760. Huch tlnlr tllat ^t^Z^L 1 the Catholic. Apostolic, and Ro.nan Religion, shall subsist entire, in shall continL ;:.:.!„ et^^^^^^^^ -^ countrie.s. places and di.stant post.. rnolostc. tl T ;: rrrr"" n'; "''■" P''"^'" '^'"^" ^^^ "'^"«-'' ''y ♦ho English Govern ills jio.M, i^niiMian Majesty.— " Granted, as to the free exercisp nf th,.\^ ij i; • *u n- .• -, ,«ying the titl,™ to the Pri,«, „i,| .|e,,„,, „„ „„ Ki"fc°» pTZne" '"°°' ' '' "' "' » inir. l'„,r; l;:';,™"::;;;:,,": ^!';'"-"'";i "'",' -f ="-• '"^ «-'-»"■ - -" » "- t„™. other pe,.„„. wi.ajlve I Ip rlt:^,:,:^:, "'' ■""•,"' "V"" "'*"'' -' ^•""'"' •"•• "' France, paving their frei^d t ^^ thr^'G^ Art^Te ' ^r ."PIT f'. ^'""/"'"■' P"""' ^" ^" *" posts above, and which belun^^ to t len .n 1 V^ ''''" ''''^' "'" *'''' ^'''''^'' '»'■'' '» ♦'he shall have liaave to nd tt y ar h . 7^: 'V.:' r\ *" f "u""' ' "'' '"■ ^'"-^ P"''?"- ^''oy regained in those posts." JGrt:d:;:tX'2G^rrr^":" '^'' '' ''''' ''''' '' ''' '^^ ^ ^'-" "■■^- tiers ^^h!^!:;. :: :t:sS:f Zdt dZ. VTt'- ?" -'- r ^" "-^^^- ^-^ - ^'^ ^-^ countries above tL marrl u.d uniT r I , ^^'^''ihn.ak.nuc. and other places and posts of the 20 portedintotheBriti. Collie or tX^^^^ --„»,« i„ Canada, shall he carried or trans- anns.-- Granted, except tuHerirdtor mIZ:^' '''' '''' '"' '' ^^°"^'^"^ '^ ^^"^ ^^^^ favo^i'andcJliiii:!;:';;::;;;::; ^:trTf^ -t- "" ''- ''-'-'- -^ *^^^«' -^- ^^e sa.ne .s the inter:::. .,/ .he cCry^l. Grafted ''^ '' "'""" ""'j*^^'^'' "^^ ^''^" '^ '''' -""^-^ -^^-^ Dene at Montreal, the 8th of September. 1760. SeptelCtrr'' "'"' "'"'• "■' ""''"°'- ''"" ■" "■• ''•"P ^='- MoM-r'."e 8.h 30 Jeffery Amuekst. ConRESPONOENCE BETWKEN GeNKRAI. AmHEH.ST XNH HALniMAN... AXO L^K,! Or THF MaRQUIS DE Vaudheuil, rkspectiwo tue Surrender of Canada. 1761-i M. DK Vaudreuil to the Due DE -Choi.seul. showing me a ufp which L lad in hi "^h" <.«P,tu!at.on of that place; and the officer then verbally mentioned othe^ ex en M^^ "'^' '"''' ^"" '^'^ '""'^'^ '"'"•'^^•^ «" '* --« ""* ju.st and is the height of tU a dTwh se vL ^n ilTo tT o" T k'° ''? '^''"^'"^ ''''^'^^ ^' ^''« ^'-"'^' -'"ch the Illinol, '°^° '^" Ouabache, and on the other, to the hea.l waters of c*n pn>Jue. an, proof o: .r. cc..arj._for notlung passed inwriting. on this headrnorl;!; an;ta ubsiat entire, in i distant posts, , witliout being njjiish (Jovern- (Joverninent of B obligation of II in the Towns r'anaria, and all ho goods, noble 10 sir ships ; they ley shall have he produce of •oper to go to lich arc in the s purpose they s as shall have id on the front il posts of the 20 lied or tr'iins- laving carried der the same Juutries above 30 JDIIEITIL. real, the 8th ^MHKIIST. Marquis de W, 1761. negotiations the limits of what pa.s.sod ^tc'ver, and in rd " Canada" 40 ips, to inform ir lieon taken officer then not just and ianiis, which id waters of the English 'aH any line $19 drawn on any map. I take the first opportunity to acquaint you with this, to prevent any further imposition, •' General Amheust to Col. Haldimand.* T^ „ ILL ^""'^ York, 1st Nov., 1762. DKAR biR,-I have been twenty times at the point of writing to you on a subject which, thou-.h of no consequence I should be gia.l to know the exact transaction, that pa.ssed. When I made a leport of Canada to the SecreUry of State, I transmitted a copy of the part of the map where the limits between Canada and Louisiana were marked, which you delivered to me, and which I ac.piainted the Secretary of State were done by M. de Vaud.euil. Whether by him, or done in his presence by Iuk 10 direction, comes to the same thing, and the thing itself is of no sort of consequence, as the letter and orders he (Monsieur de \audreuil) sent to the officers commanding at Michilimackinac, the Bay Oocci- atanon, Mmmis, etc., mark out the boundaries and expressly include tho.so posts in Canada, .so that there can be no dispute about it ; yet as I see some altercation has passed in Englan.l and France about Monsieur de Vau.ireml s g.ving the boun.laries, I .should be glad to know whether he marked the map hin.seif or whether ,t was done in his presence, and what pa.s.sed on that subject; that I may hereafter be able to say all that was done regarding the whole affair. I am, with great truth, dear sir, Your most obedient, humble servant, Jeff. Amherst. *^ Col. Haldimand to General AMHEasr.f Three Rivers, 10th December, 1762. Despatched ICth do. *K /? 'TV^"''" T''''''^ ''■'*^' P'"'""'" *^" '""''" J'^"' Excellency di.l me the honour of writing on the firs of December, respeciing what pa.sse.1 between Mon.. de Vaudreuil and mv.self on the subject of the imits of Cana.la. Sev.ral times I thought of forestalling it, but I deemed my.self obli.red to await these orders, to which I intend to conform with all the exactness possible. About live or six days aft^>r I had entered Montreal I aske.l M. de Vaudreuil if he had no plans memoirs, or instructive maps concerning Cana.la. I asked liim to let me have them in order that I might forwanl them to your Excellency ; he replied that he had none, having lost them all at Quebec 30 and (tu avoid hearing the enumeiation he wished to make of bis other lo.sse.s). I contented myself for the tm..- with this reply ; but having occasion to .speak uf it again .some ,Iavs after, he tol.l me that he had fnu:.d a couple of maps, and pa.ssing into another room lu, ha,l a large map of Western America brought ; It was made by hand and folde.l in the cover of an atlas. There were also .some ba.l plans of forts ,n a .s.-parate roll. Not finding anytliing instructive „n this map, and remembering that I had Been it printed, I callc.l Lieutenant Herring of our battaliun, who wa.s in the parlour, and I gave it to him with the other papers which he took to my house. Finally, on the morning of the .lay that Mons de Vaudreuil left \ [being engaged arranging thc> rest of tlie pap.Ms I had received from .lifTerent persons! tins map came un.ler my notice and remind..d me of the vain att.>mpts I had made to di.scover from him an.l fron, ..thers the extent of this country, and gave birth to the i.lea of examining it with M. de Joint Ari'Bunrx. Sec. VI. Trmtien and Cnnvrntiiina— ( DUrriil liriliiin and t'rtiiicF, (icn. Anihcrnt t(.(.'..l. H.iliii. iiKiiid, lilt Ni>v., 17U2. Col. Ualdi- iiiHiul til (ten. AinhiTBt, 10th D.'c, 17«2. 40 \audreuil. 1 immer much pleased that [this .lisagreement] this ugly piece of chicanery of M. de Vaudreuil .loes n..t prejudice our atPairs in the slight.'st ; but, on tl... . ,,er hand, it has given me a goorl less„n which I will remember, if at any future time I am fortunate enough to be able to put it into practice. I have, Sir, the honour to be, with profound re'^pect. Your Excellency's moat humble and most obedient servant. gy 10th Ibre. Frkd. Haldimand. S21 1 thnt, and tliiit ; and mssissippi ; Mai(juis de ri I jiointed tion ; after conti'sted, icil on the !r and the nois, M. do 10 Imtsoover.] lencil) still Tently, [or giving it eit appro- you, sir, is rung] (lay li'giaiice, I naino of 2ll ,'n Monin. that was 'ieutenant L'(i to my il on the lor marks solely liy t he told and that s been no Jo rlicr date made in lil, which ■viiich lie 1 this act we tried 1 when I 40 idreuil, I 8 true to audreuiJ d lesson practice. 50 Oknerai. Amherst to Ukneral Haluiman \* New York, 25th January, 1763. — Dear .Sn. -I am much obliged to you for th<- i.articulur and exact .letail you have sent to me of ^ ""■ ^'' what passed between yourself an.l Mon.ieur de \ -audreuil. It is alnmsf. precis'ely as I in.agined. It is ^w;',.'"!'- o no conse,,u.„ce whatever; but if it was, there could be none but good proce-.ling from what you ^//^;„'rl/ (liu in that afluir, which has my thorough approbation to every part of it , f'rancc^ I am, with great truth, dear Sir, Joint Appendix. Oi'n. Amherat tM(!,.n. Your most obedient humbh; servant. Hakiimand, ' ZMtli Jan., Jeff. Amherst. I'fis- 10 NEGOTIATIONS FOR THE CESSION OF CANADA, 1761. Nc)f<)tiiitii)n» for i'CHtfion of I'luiada, I7)>1: Froiu'li Pro- |i(witii>n», I'lthJuly, 17«1. ND. Mkmohiai, ok French Puopohitions, ir)TH of Jji.y, 1701. I. The King cedes and guarantees Canada to the King of England, such as it h.us been, and in ri^rht ought to be p..sses.sed by France, without iv.striction, and without tlic liberty of returning upon aV pret^ence whatever against this cession or guaranty, and witliout interrupting the Crown of l-lngland in the entire possession of Canada. II. The King, in making over his full right of Soveroignty over Canada to the King of England annexes four ;^onditions to the cession : o o . /7rs(.— That the free e.xercise of th.' Roman Catholic religion shall be maintained there an.i that the King .,f Knglun.l will give the most precise and etlW-tual orders that his ne\. Roman Catholic sub- ZO jccts may, as heretofore, make public pn.fession of their religion, according to the rights of the Roman Cliurcli. ^«'<(uij.—Tha.i the limits of Canada, with reganl to Louisiana, .shall be cleiirly and firmly estab- iLshed, a.s well as those of Louisiana and Virginia, in such manner that after the "execution of peace there may be no m<.re .lilliculties between the two nations on the interpretation of the limits relative 30 to Canada, or the other [)ossessions of England. [A'./y.— M. Bu.ssy has a memorial on the .subject of the limits of Louisiana, whi.di gives him power to come to a final treaty on that article with the Ministry of his Hi itannic Majesty .f] /o./r//*///.-That the liberty of»i.shing, and of drying their codfish may, on the banks of New- r.un.i and, be conlinne.l to the French as heir.iofore ; ami as this e.mfirmation would be illu.sory if trench ves,sels had not a .shelter in tho.se parts appertaining to their nation in these .'ountries, the King ot (,reat Britain, in consideration of tho guaranty of his new con.|uests, shall restore Isle Royal or Cape h-eton, to be enjoyed l,y France in entire sov.^eignty. It is agreed to fix a value on this restitu- tion, that 1- ranee shall not. umhr any lenomination whatever, erect any fortification.- on the island an.l shall contine herself to maintaining a civil establishment there, an.l the port, for the eonvenienee 40 of tlie fishing vessels landing there. ParvATE Me.mokial of France, of July ir., 1761, Relating to Spain. [The Duo .le Choiseul proposes that Spain shoul.l be invite.l to guarantee the future Treaty of „ • Pea, ^/^^.<::";;:„. SpanL. fL'" " "' """' •^'''^""'^ "'''^■'' •--• '-- --'« ^--'g the present war upon the Negiitiatioiiii fnrtlii'i'ciiHion "f Caniiilii, 17til. Mi-morial, July 15, 1761. .'. The privileyo for the Spanisli nation to fi.sh upon the Banks of Nowfoundlan.l. «. Tl.e.ien.oht.on of the English Hottle.uents made upon the Spanish territories in the Bay of Hunduras. FuoM M. BussY's Note to Mr. Pitt. M. BiiKsv t<> Mr. I'ii't. 1. To i^eep posse,ssion of the countries belonging to the King of Prussia. Mr. Pitt t.1 M Husnv, .July 24, 1761. From Mr. Pitt's Letter to M. Buasv. T. . , July 24, 1761. n . ^ ;^';;-^ ''",*>■ ^"''«'-''^;-" f-'-thcr to you i.. plain terms, in the namo of His Majestv that he will M ,..;♦ I ,, ' '^" ^ "'"■^* '^''''- "'lit It will be considered an affront to His \Iai. iv't ...p*:r::.tr zrt'i '■;:;;;,";:;: ""Vt 7 «'"" "» - <-'" »^ ^-"^ '• « i- -* inmlr„i,,il,l„. ^ "'" *'i"'""«l »lii«li «oa3i-„„ ll,i«, », wholly I lik»wi,c ,«„„, y,„.. Sir, », t„u,(|y i„^|„,i™l,lc. .1,,, M,.,„„ri.l rdalivo t„ ,l„, Ki„.M,f P,,«.i. „ Britisu Answer t.. Mmoixui. .,k French Propositions. British«n.«er f* '" t'"; f ♦'' "/J-'Iy. 17 # 1 occasion a ity the three 1 are . 'ar upon the I tlie Bay of lit tliat the 10 -Queen to a 523 bdon« to f'ann.la shall app.rt.in to lis 1 7^7 ^'"T "T '" '"""'"' ^'^"'^ ^^•'"^^•-'- ' '^ ""» t" Virginia, or to th- HrL v^^'JZonl t h.. i.oun.lar.es of the last IVovi,,.. shall oxu.,.,1 lieintern.e.liat.,an,| whichi^ : ; :L^'L :?'^^^^ ^'"" ""'■""^ "'"' -'"tn-s .hieh any account, to l„. ,|i,,,,t!v or h .w ^ '"'" ^''' '''^'''■'""''' ^''"''^'''^"'^ iuchKh.,. in the lin.its ■IfL-.i!,!:^ ---T consequence ce.lc.l to i^rance. even a,ln.itUn„L..! to i: , aan.i'i'iiiiT^r ;;;:^:;rt:L;;'::tr^^ :' 7 ^•^'^'-^^" •>---'- of .. cannot ,. 'Ofrom the law of nations, as tlu ": is t nil' ^ '"' """^•"^*'""- '^'"' ''J "'> "-ans resnltin. right of all hostile op-rations. ^7 : T^^ ;"^"'"f t'.'"" '"" '"''• ^•■^- ^'"^^ ''" "•'-'"^" hostilities which the pressor ha.l fir o. " ''"'"■""" "' *'"" "•''••• '"'^ *■'•-" th" .ToiNT AprKMux. .S.«. VI. Triiitirnnnd ''•■nrni'ions- (/) '.'/■(>(? /Ifiliiin and /•'rtnii''. ^''•>f'ltiati•.|lll fur I'I'KHJOII rif <':iiiai|a. irt;i. I'l'itinli An- l'rn|.iHiti,,nii, of King or 'nissia; and , and other I manner as r her allies, ould not do Jy to adopt 20 , 1761. jat he will n of peace Majtty's uiuntion of ng in such able, have gg as wholly Prussia, as ijesty will *M ^ > * M J^'noM THE Ultimatlm ok Fi{4V( e IV rn... V ^ .■ i II A. > I.e. i.> JtKPl.Y To K.S'fiLAVP AiTnnMP r i-r>i m ^*" '"« < IIOISKLI. TO MU. .STANLEY. propos;:;^ix: :t.ht;t.::;:t:::: ./r ,t' ^ %/^'^ ''^'^^--'^ ^"^"->-- - ^"^ ^^--la, .. h.. given no answer, either hy word ^ ^ : ^ ^' i : ^^,^!""^: '"^ ^" T'-'' .'''••/ V'-^ "^ ^"^''>"'' ne.ot.afon entered into at Ln„d.,„ und I'aris for H. n- , ''""■' "•'^""" '•"'■''"•<"^ ^''^'^ "" ^''^ Ks not the desired sueeess, all the . te ,■ U ' ' ^'f ^''''■^''."»:"* "^ I-^«^' '-tweon th. two Crown. 20 on any occasion, as settled poin ^ I ^ 1^ u.: '" ''''Tl7 '' 'T'""^ '"'"""^ '''' ''■^^^-^^'^'' the ?7 ' ' ^ '" """' "'" Memorial oi the month of March last, relative to tl.e ..id Manorial, relative to the c2l ^l!!,:::; "" "" '•'"" '"' '■"'"'^^"'"^ -'"'•'' ''" ' l'asannexe.lto Ivin^^i!!,. for the ancie.t suljects'of^f;; K^n^^' witl'n^r; V i" '*""'■'• ^''''^^ '"^'' l''--ty "f etnigration u.eans to n.aintain the inunen.oriaf ri,d w IH? li t' fV" '" ''" '""'' ""^ ^^- ^^ "- '1- l-n. drying their fish on the hanks .> 1 -^ 1 la ^T'' "T ?' "^'''"" '" *'"• ''''^' ''"'*' ^ '-1 "^ pHvilege would he granted in v, n "t^:F ^ Z^^^ 1''7' '^' ^^ '""'^^^ "^ ^'"•""•''- ^^^ ''- the (hdf. His Majesty proposed to , . K" f , T '' / 7"' ^^^ 30 Hn.,on ; he again propo.ses either tha h '.st , J. P • '" r] "^'n "''"" "' *'"' '•^'•""' "^ ' 'H'" fortiticatioas. i,, the (iult, or within eac It ruU 'l '"■"'■''^' "'" ■^"•''' """■'• I""*' ^^'itho ut «eeu. t^._ t. lihe.,. of ^^^^^.:': 1^^^^^ -- ^n. tocana.^;:;:^:::::^:^;::::";^:;:;;;;!.:^^ France, on the contrary den.ands tLV. *-> conceive such an assertion could l.-advance-F between Vi.^iniannd L I I ',':;;::; :''' ''^^'T '""^^^*^" '""""'"^ "■"' '-"--• - al of the two Crowns, and serve as a i r X ;' , '. "' f n "" '""r r''^'"'"''"'^' "'■ "'■■ ^-'-roignty to the instructions of M. Bus,sy on this su Ic I', , " '"'"'"''' '^"'"■^^"'' ^^■""''' '-.. attended to this proposition. ^ ' "''^*'^'=*' '" ^^""''' '""'•^ «-" »'-' ^ '-nee agree.) with Englnnd as )positions ada.] uf France ami His 40 f the Isle of imhi'.g }r straits 40 Mr. Pitt to M. Bus.sy. It belongs. Sir to Enrono f» :., i . ., , • Angu.st l.'ith. 17fil. ^».,o.w,,,i\,;„;;ir;[r:,;!;:i;-j:::j;:,:,t,,f: tmues to in.s St on ol)iects in Am,.rJno . i • i i '^ sanations and .cays on her part,arhih-v Ivcon- *'• """y. oui.- „r H.. ,.„..„.„, , ,,, „ ,,„:,::,;;.";,:;',:;: -;;'';:* -r'™' » «n,i i,., .p ,„„„., ;„ „^ Majesty 8 aliie.s. an a just comnensatio., f,^,- n ■ ' '' \ ' " ''^' '-""T'osts, pum.,) over Hi- wr: 624 engaKt'ineiits of his Crown towftnls the Kins of Prussia; which, inoroovcr. not s,itisH,.,| u ,th thiowinL' so many obstacles m the way of peace, has not s tuple-l to interpose new p.rplexities it. opposition to- this precious l.lessinj,'. for uhicl, the nation sighs, l,y internnxing, too hite, matters s.. forei.-n to the present negotiation between the two Crowns a- the .liseussioiis Utween (Jr.^at Mntain ati.l Spain Joint Appkniux. Sec. VI. Trtiilim unit f'nnn-nti'titti (/) flrnit Hritiiin and France . Netfotiiitioni. FauM THE ANSWEU OF TKE BlUTISH Mif- fnr the Cession of ('aiiadu. 1761. The Brijsh Minlnti'r in rpply to Fri'urli iilti- miitiiin, liiti Au|f., 17til. ';n TO THE I'ltim-itum ok Fuaxie. 1)i,i.ivi;kei) to M. Bi-s.sY. August I6th, 17G1. HisniMst Christian Majesty having ivpeale.ii^ -leelaie,!, in the ultimatum of the Court of Franc- r..ui.ttea to Mr. Pitt by M. Hussy, as well as in thr Memorial of the propositions of IVa.v wl,id. < i ■ remitte,! by the Duke .le Choiseul to Mr. St.nley, that if the t.-gotiation entered into between .irilO two Crowns has not the .lesire.l effect, ail the artieles eonee.le,! in that negotiation bv Fiaiuv eannot .e consulere-1 in any ease a.s points agree.! u|.on, any more thn. the mnnoriai of thv m'uth of March 1- ^ in r-latum to the Uli i>oss;,I>Hh. The King .leelares. in return, that if the concessions His \iajesty ha« made to l,ring about peace shall not be accepted by his Most Christi.ii, Maj.'stv, ih. importah" restitu- tions oflere.l to France, as well as theotb.erciirumstances hereinafter ex j-ressedi caniu!. for thcfut.,-,.3 be considered a.s given up. AUTI.LE I.-The King will uU desert his claim to the entire .and total ccs.sion of all Canada and Its dcpeiuluncies, without any limits or exceptions whatever; anvn thence extends itself along tl... latter river .ts J'.,,. indusie,iy,as its inllux into the Mis.si...sippi. " It .. in conformity to this state of the hmit. n.a.;.- by the French (iovernor, th.-.t the Kin.r dicima thecesHi.nof Cana.la; aProvinee which th- Court ,>1 France, m.ivover, has oHered anew by ti,eir utnn.tun, to ced<. to Hi.s Britannic Majesiy. in th. most extensive manner, a.s expressed i. the Alemonal of t'ropos.lions of Peace of IStli July. As to what conce, us the public profe.o.,„ and ..xereise of the llomun Catholic reli,.ion in ( 'anadn the new subjects ol Hi.s Ibitannic Majesty shall l« maintained in that privilege without interruption 30 or moles at.on; and the t ...H-h inhabitants „.■ others, who may have been subjects of the ino.^t Christian Kmg,n(anada,snallh«v..i.,!powerandlibe,lyto .sell their etfects, provi.led they dispose of them to the .subjects of His Britannv Majesty, and to transport their property, as well as their per.soii.s without being restiaine,! rom U.-ir emigration, under any pretene.. whatever (unless in case of debt, or b.r a breach of criminal laws); it being always und..,stoo,l that the time grant,.d for the said eniiKra- lon shall be l.m.te IJcil Lake, ll tia' Oliio, VIisNi>,ij)pi, Kiiij,' claiins •\v liy thoir sseil ii( the ill Caiiadn nti!iTU{)ti()H 30 ^t Cliristian -- '^ «iKl.t.- of ctLT ^'""'' "^1 ?"''""' ''T "'''"'^ '" ''"^ "'■"' '''''"'^' "'■ ''' ''"^^^'"- ''' *^« ^"ti--^ -^"^1 total cession of Canada. n.s agree.l between the two Courts, the word French and J^nglish, 119 tkey have txerciaed it heretofore. ""= i-'eftm anrt Moniorial— Frftiicp to Kiipland — 9th Soijt., 17»il. me &.«JnndMlway...nJoavo,nstoconMccttl.c lil.erty of fisbinj. nn,| .Irving f Newfound am irr.M.if,., I 1... .1... i.r. i .■ ■ . . ... ^ ^ -^ » ^::::;r:i- an.w.. IJk^ • ^ ^. : irj.;;t'; ^V'T'' t.. .len.olition of Dunki,.k. U is «iven in »«- conccsMon ,..x,.a.sscvi i„ fav • !. l" Fr •, i, H • ' ',"""''• T' '" ""-" •"^''' '^''■'■'^'>' ' "'"' ^'"^^ ^l^ for the cession of N\.v o , a n • n I V '" "'!'''' """'^' "^ '''"' '^''■^""^>'• ^'^ '^ '•'.".IH.nsation D«ma« onthe ^Tis s,n n ,o 1 M . H ^'1^'" *^™"'" "' '"' ^«"'"*''*«"^« "^ CANADA. I7.il.- B^<'.^. wi„ they ,. in . v.nt the subtertu^s ,u whic k,^ iS ', n mirC'; ""i'" '" .'"^ ''■«'""' ^ ^^ '" ^'"'^ »'- p-ace, do they .lesire it to be lasting ' Vil the! ,' '"' "''° "'"'" ^ "" ^'"' ''^"""^'' '^^'-'^^ institutes the sole object o^ th 'pohcy V , ',::";:: '' ''''''" "' '"^'•'^'"'" ''"^''"^'^•" ^^•'-'' '' themselves masters of the whole of An.e.ia ' An.l w II '' ^7 "■ ""'""' '''"^"'•'"" ^'^ '•'^"•'•^'• least .m our guanl ? Incapable ..f ace n ,lishi,> T ' " ''' " '"^ ''P^^'^'' ^^''""' ^^•*'' '^''^^ ^'« their financi. will they iot iJZT '2^^^^^:^^^^^^^^^^ '' so enterprising, conjectures areas good as demon't^ „ • L T , '" T"' T '''''''' ''' "'''''"'"'''' the fut.ire. aemonstrations . the past cannot render us too ..autious for and By a fatality whicli cannot be comnrehonde.1 tli« p.,,,); i . ,, •e the war with ,he to„o.ranhi..al ..rn" ." .?^*':.l.':?«'"'' r.'".''^^^''--. ^^1"-"*-' ^Imn we wore • hel prudence and sagacity "■■ "■ - • ~=""s^=^^ES~Ei do they net pos.se.ss to cl of our Plenipotentiaries. BoUNDAUIES. I linut their labors, respecting Cann.la to four general objects • 1st The entire property of both shores of the River and Gulf of St. Lawrence 2nd. The property of the lakes an.l rivers whi.-h form the n,.f„rnl • "■ , and Louisiana; they consist of Lake Ontario. Lakelie, rn,l throiio '""'"" ""^''"°" »-^--" ^ana.ia 3rd. That neither of the two nations can form anv P«f«l,i;.l, . x,^ . possessions of the other. ^ establishments on the rivers watering the • Pari* Ihiu»:cnU, XVII., p~ii34. — 40 i L,' mill drying ly tif L'triclit t is f,'ivf'ii in I'tnclit liave iiikI tliat tlie ■oinpt'iisatidn ;lan(l by the of a(Io[iting 10 esmen have 111 to trouble ■■■cts, will of f the State, Iireliniinar/ ^ii, tluniages »1 ; but tho ■ve slmil be as changed 20 ■vill become ndour. ! basis and ■y he in a they pre- ish do.sire sm which 30 to rondor i shall be lustion of audiitious, utious for we were id vantage 1 sagacity 40 n Canada niig the 527 Una, 0. . „„.j. „„.„ :^2::;:;:^::;:j:t::::.:zz'::L:::"""'' -""«■ """^" " ,.1 .1.0.; ^j::::::: 'zz:-r::::i';'t, '-; t """°" ■■' """»''- ^ -' with the greatest success I., vai. "'^•-•' '""'"■ " ''>^ f"nu.d there; awculture can be followed lOAIready n.a.te, . N 1 ,; nru? ^"'" ^"»''^'' "'^,^'"-'' ^'-' -'ti- cession of that peninsula, guard the entrancl ' "^ ^^^""''^ ^"■'"' "'^ '''° '^'""P^'-'^' "'"'^ ^'"""^'y ^''^^^^of they would will t;!;r::;'':::Sil:rr'' r""" ''T'^'^'y^' *'"^ '"-^"^'^"^ p^-p'^^ -" ^« ---^ ^ -» remainder.if ue la V ; : '^ ■' '"" ""'■^'' '^•''" "'" ^'^^ J-"'"-'''^. -'."''IMTH(l(»nj— (II '/rri.t llriUiin and t'ranei. DiiiMAii nn the Hiiiiii(l»rie« 111 (Jniiadk, 1701. • [The map is wanting. Dumaa on the UouiKlaririi o< Canwlit, 1781. S28 r^;.! L 'V'" '!.« A,,.,.o,„™:„;,„ !;:;■::.:, ,;::^.:r':;. ' ;:' t"'.:, " '"" ';. t" "'"• •" '•^' r„„,..„/,«,M It'ft l,ank of tlir ( )hi,. woiiI.J 1... n„ I I ^- • . .''"'."" "'^ *'"> "ft.T the -^.^'iiinjj of the tiv.u v. Thr- H:- •- -"' ™ei. u,: :::;'!:. !;l 1:'::;; ;;;;''';,:'7 "■•■■ '-" > •-»■ «;■"•' »- r...,-.»i..i..n """Jl .|'Prc«cl,i„t, ami incvUabIc t„ll „t L„„i,i. ,„V *' " ' ''"'°'""' '" "'" ' >. >umaa on th.' ,„. ~ course to a.lopt s .naVk 11,1" r^" '.T ^'.^ "'^' "" ""^ ""'"'^^'^"^ '"•^''^'•'> ^'^ °"' ^ "-J""^ unsettled. wiLut ownt^ L" ' hot .^ttrt.? '''''' ''^•' '•". 't" '"' ^""^"^'^ '^^ ^'"^^ Hvo/„eutral. poin^^t!;:^:::;.^: ;;:^rr':::tf '^' ^' " "™ r ^""^•"-^'«" °^ ^'-^ communication. . ^ the Miawis an.l Ouaha h rt ^ 'no ", ".r '" " "^ ^'"^":"'' ^''°'^" '''^^ — ' -other puHsa^o h, resource in UU.S of u.ii:t"':i;:t;^^^ ""Tr'"' '!'' "''"'' '""'^''^'^ "evertholL a English to al,an,lon the south .hor • k o, , f '"'"T'' ",'-'""'^ T^^ '"" '^-'^--'^ ^^ -'"- 'he Fort Choue.,uen-a possession s, r,. I , . , . 1 i' T '-' "'-' " '""" "'"'-" '" "'^''^'--''ion. through French Gov rnn.ent wh 't! 1 Hnt f ' :""^''^";''^,'"^'"« '^ «'-«. """PP ■ ,.yprot.st In-the have exi.erience,l foun.lat.ons oi tlut post wore lai.i. .s the only contradiction "they a.ivai::r ::hr:: tr:;;r ;v::^:r^^^^^ •::•• ^ '!■-' "r- •-' '^ '-^^ -^ ^^^ - the grearest attention of our Plenipoten- , Cs It T 1. / '' T ^'^ ""'""■'^"^- "''J'"'^ '" ''•'■^^ perceive that the lake conunand U ^ I o VCnlda ^ ' Tv T * f '"''r "'*'"' "'^^^"•^ ^'^ certain for invasion ; the event has , „t .verjLtililulf ^ndirlu n^r '^^ ''""' "" '°'"" '""^^ Ontar.o. leav.ng the south .L^:-^: ^X^:^ ^^ 1 r'n^V;;:;-"' ^' " "^ ^^^^ n^our;:; thf So::;:;l^i^rf;::-':;^ ^^«'^, "7^'>an,n ,. ^r .oveh. trade to the anda^farastheRiir^IaFaminerthe^^^^^^^^^^ """'"■^ ""'>' ^" "'^ "'-"^■■'^- river on one side K.rt:^:s5;r::^^^^^^^^ .. ..... . ..,/« .t t^is: ^rt^ ;: :^:^rtt;i;t:::^ i^r:::;: ^"'^'^ ^^- - --«^- - orthJt:;;:i::C~;2tf^:t\i;:'::::^ ': ^--"ContestaMy.upto..ehead .aters included in the neutrality proposed U that rivlr ' ' "' """ '"" "" '"""^^'^^ ''"' '»-' -e The third c^yect proposed at the head of this Me.noir .i„ ,. .„dered clearer hy a hrief reflection our ^L^'^ -hir r:;r .r ':;i..^^":i.'-:r f . "•?'. " '-'^- - --'« -^ numbers, means and resources wouM not .^Jl^^l^ H ."^ ''*'""" ' "" '''^'''- •>'»P- i-itv .n 40 to attempt it. guarantee them agan.st an inv^sioa when it should plea.se «,. He who meditates an expedition nr.Darpq it »,.^rn*i„ it,, he have in his favour the cur'rent of X 'Z. w.^^Zljs hi.^ "™'' '^ ^"^ 'V" "^^''""°"- '' enemy and infallihi, succeeds; the san.e is not the case w i?. e'^h 1: ' T ';•'• '^ TT"^' ''' ha« portages to n.ake. lakes t., traverse, and .mountains to ..ass iL^T ""'"'^ "'' ■■'' ^"'• to be made for that purpose discover the niovement an I t L II '"""'■»'« Preparations neces*ii^,r the menaced province to place it , if i„ a Tte "rdefence ""'^ "' *'"' ^^''^"^'"" '^'^"^^•' *"- '' to the Engli.ih. u> step to take le tiviit y. The our po|nilutiiin xitliuiatioti tho es constituting ho only iniilillo - river neutral, I'll' triidf with 10 lunication, is a her pHHsapo by nevtttlifless a to ilmIucl' the wsion, thruiij^h proti^st liy the adiotion tht>y nake good its 20 olijiTt in Tits ;he waters to no route more wp possessed ihoiM of Ijttke 5 trade to the r on one sidt; 30 oin of trade watered, and head waters lh<> Ohio are ief reflection should push ipcnority m iQ Id pleone m xecution, if nrfirisf his the ri ■ an, 8 neces-sSifv »rds time of * • L«ke Ontario, or the Olilo '"■^'"''' """^""''' ''"''''• ^^'" ""'^^ "" '-k" <'h-..pl..in. preserve Ca.lL: Z K^i: Z'" nj Zriu^' 1"" f 'f ^" ''' " 7 "^ '^ '^^^ " "-- dit.uns that n.ust n.-ver he Cnsento, lo hT \ "' "^ ""'' '■""'■^' "^- ''«^""' """ "•' '''" <' '"■ - .... to the sources of r::::];:::!::tzz'z:: ,;r; c ^ li'u,":^;; ^"""" "- -^''- < .-me wo now to th.. fourth principk« : i."v>i ' .'r^:;: ^rii:::;::;;';::;; ' "";'■"■• '""■■ '■■"- "■ °-" "■•■ "•■'■"'"' - ■ '-v ■■ ■ «iiy . f..r n„tl,i„„ TLo^o L , ^Hwi-u , . . ,' ""'"""' """ '" ''"'" ■"' ~" ""■.'■• "■ I '■ ««"! % .i? j.:':1:;x::;::k :^ :::;: :;;:;:.::t "r-" 'i- 'r "■ ■™" '"- "-• - •■' '"» "«- »-'.Mi I. u,„ .,.,,, ,„;;l*t;; ;:;; : t:'::;;;;"'" "'"'• '■"«»■■ "■ "'*-■ > -'-i«"» i» .i.i,or ,i,,. ; .„„, ch„,;c,„t.„ .,„, n" ;..r:n, .!;. :i;:;:;,-:i;:.,r" """""""' ->■ '■■" "•■ "■» '-"-• -" o,-,.i";:'^:;;:;:;':r;i:;;':.;:t'::r,;:^':;r':"''''7""'"''""''"^ «»»«> 'n tl,c. ,li,x.c,i„„ „f H,„W. " , , , , "' " ","";" '■"■"' '" "'« •■■■'«li* 1"»- l..n oh o( territmv ,„ tlu, ,211, i, , ' i' I'"" "'" "'''"''■ "' '■"'"' «"1»™>'. '"h.-- lllo ,„.,,. • "" "'"'" '"•"•' ■■"""■'I '"■•'■"■"'. '»"i"kodl.y,l,CB„,.„c„Uror. otherwise wo shall liljour for our ..nemi.'s i ,.„!„ i ,n i- ,, , .0 nist. will ..on he the app.nd,,,. of th.'^:;- h. o'^ :':::... ^ j^' BO n.ueh tru.t to I. gather.! hy then. .h.. they have arrned " m^unu to hatr.:::j:t:::::^ -^.^''^ ''-'-''- '- ^^^ •-'- '--"- ^^- -- p-p.es. Nan,, app.^ agaiJtr!;;;;;:' t. ::':;;•,!':"'''/':";>'■'■'"■ ''"^^•■' <— "^.-^ «i-ay. ready to prote^it Hues whieh the':;:oi.': \r jrtin r n "'"" ^'t ^•^'^^ ^" "^^^^''•"^' '* - -^-'4 whiel, have fallen our al.le.t nLo iati vt't tt T/'' "' '""' ^"' ''^'^^'•">'- "^'^- ?-'-?«• '^ f''"'^ int. =. 1 . , iii„"Liaiors, yet tis the must im'>Qrtant n\>' if » *- i r It uostroys oi foments the fatal uerm whieJ, i, th,. ^ ■ , '^'^^"'^ "^'J' " '^^ » trt:.-tty of p. a,x-, since Apalachies once determined on ts L . r'"". '""'' "'*'■'• '^''"' ^^'"'>' "^ ''^"•' -^"^l * ^^ as tht .m of separation I.etween the two colonies, the ntodifieatious. .(oINT APFIt!<|MI S.-C. VI Tfrttlir* itiui I'l'intrttiinu — (/) '/r,iit llniii,,, lint /''I'liuef. I>'iiiiiii4 III) thit "f ''itiioila, 17«l >f our unfortunate ooh. Its, our villages, will Im ^m Joint ArPKNiii.«. 8tw. VI, Trrnli'titnd Ciinfittfi'inn — ( I IHrial Hriliiin iinii t'raner, I)UIIIIUI I'll t)i>> itiiiiiiilnnra n( ('anmlit, 1701. th« o<'iii|)roiiiiN»«H I propoMt", icutralizinj; cerUui tlwtrictH, may \»' ndiiiitteil acoonling ns circnrnHtancM will bo ui'irt! or less f'av(jumlili' t<> Kruiu'c, when p/ftct' will !)«• couclutii'tl One reflection more rt'muiiiH to b») Miiliiiiittey tho Rcrvicu of Indian.s in the war, I have always tlmu^^lit tliiit the Kiii;,' wniiM luaintiiin at niurh li"*s fxp'nsi-, in Catnulii, ii pt'riiiai,.nt cmps of troops, I'lipal'lc of dilVinlinj^ it at all linus; atxl when i lutvo wtii^'hril witli icllictiiui the utility of thi'ir as.siwtatife, I have fouml it to ho only ont) of opinion ami prt'jii'lice. Hut thin prcjiulifu i^ foumlt'd on tlie lonor aispiroil hy thoir tnu'lty nmi hailiarity in thfir customs; it consiMpicntly will pn-siTve itH pow«T, 10 This terror will Ihj always very UHoful to tins nation whit-li will best \>v uMe to manage the alliance anil attaihnu'iit of tlio.so pcoplf. Wo po.sst.ss one real auld be the greatest of misfortunes for iHith our colonies. Our I'lenipotonliarie.s ou^jht to bo distrustful on this point I am fully convinced that the British Ministers will srt snuns for them on thi< point, whicii is of more importanci' for them in America than 20 the gain of many liattles. As for the rest, a (Jovernor-Gcneral, instructive and attentive, will know how to maintain the alliance of all the people of this continent, in peace as in war, without those enormous expenses which knavery conducts and ij^noraiice tolerates. Dumas. Paris, 5th April, 17G1. Treaty of Pftrin, 1711.1. THK TREATY UF I'AKIH, 170.1. Tub Dkfinitivf, Tkkatt or Fuiendship and Peace Bctwkkn \\\<, Britannic Majkhty, Tub Moht CHIU.STIAN KlNti, AND THE KiNd OF SPAIN. CoNC(.fl)KI) AT I'Altt.S. WW. IOtu OK FEHKltAKY, 1763.« Art. M. The Treaties of Westphalia of IG48 ; tho'seof M.uiiid, between the Crowns of Great Britain 30 and Spain, of 1007 and Ili70; the Tieaties of Peace of Ninuj^uen, of JfiT"* and U'uW; of Ryswiek, of 1097; those of Peace and Commerce of Utrecht, of 1713; that of Ha len, of 1714; tho 1'reaty of the Triple Alliance of llie Ha^jue, of 1717 ; that of the Quadruple Alliance of Limcbin, nf I71,s ; the Treaty of Peace of Vicuna, of 17.'i8 ; tho Definitive Treaty of Aix-La-Cliapelle, "f I74S; and that of Madrid, between the Crowns of Great Britain and S[iiiin, of 1750 ; as well as the Treaties l)etween the (howns of Spain an 1 Poituj,'ai, of the l.'Uh February, llitiH; of the (ilh of February, 171.5; and of the 12th Feb- ruary, I7<)l ; and that of the llth of .\prii, 1713, between France and Portui,'al, with the Guarantees of Great Hi itain, .serve as a basis and foundation to the peace and the jiresent Treaty ; and for this jiurpo.se they are all renewed and coiiHrmed in the liest form, as well as all the Treaties in general, which sub- si-ted between the high contracting parties before the war, a.s if they were inserted here word for wi.rd, 40 bo that they are to be I'Xactly observed tor the future, in their whole tonor, and religiously executed on all sides, in all their points, which shall not be derogated from by the present Treaty, notwithstanding ajl that nuiy have been stipulated to the contrary by any of the liigl ntraeting parties; and all the said parties declare that they will not sutfer any privilege, favour, or indulgence to subsi.st, contrary to the Treaties above confirmed, except what shall have lieen agreed and stipulated by the present Treaty. Art. IV. His Most Christian Majesty renounces all pretentions which he has heretofore formed, or might form, to Nova Scotia or Acadia in all its parts, and guarantees tho whole of it, with all its depen- deiicio; to the. King of (Jnat Hrii.vii ; nicreovcr, Hi^J W-.-.a'i. Chrl^tiRM Majesty cedes and ^uarantee.'i to * To wtiicti the King of Portugal acceded ua the same day. f ."531 irciiiiiHtancei n the lK)und' 1 ^:"i-":ri'.ntr^;:/::!:f'.rr::!^:,r:,:^,,;^r;rT,"' -"-r ■•'*-' ■" .lolUT ID ^n:::::^r;::;!r^!r ;;;;;*;!.•;;::;-■■■' ?"-"^r,r'"7'""^^''^^^ all the nghu and dependencies of the said river Senegal. ' Xr in the KastlndkH. Great Britain shall restore to France, in the .■on,liti„n they are now in the -. pretend... to the .;,i.... ..-m^ tl^TJ:^;:. ^^ IJ;:;:; ^ l!'^-^ ^ ' X cause NaUl, and Tapanoi:^, ' ^ ^^ j .^^u ^l^? ^''^ ' : "7;"""^ and will expressly 40 er.t ..rtitieation. o.' to .eej troops in a^ ^rt ZT .^n" "or ^H ' 'laTSl^^:;: ll ord.r to preserve f. .tare peace on the coast of ( -onMnandel and Orixa. the Kngli I a.Td Fr Lit all aeknow e.l,e Maho.uet Ally Khun for l.wful Nn >ol. of the Carnutic. and Salal.at Ji ; , r law. 1 . Jh of the Decan an,l both part.es shall renounce all .len.ands and pretensions of sa.isLtion w | which in th^tr;:.!:;!:" :V;!.!^'":'r- ''^1 '^^ '''-''''' *^ '■'« ^'•'^-"''' ^''^-ty. as wen ^ Fort St. Philio. I., au.. ...,....,, t.„. „^,, „, „.|,^.„ con.,u,:red bv tiie arms of tiie most Christian Kin^ and with the artdlery wh.ch was there when the said i.sland and the .said fort were taken. ^' t •IlMNT Apl'ltNl.iX. S• ''- ■^*'"« muuber. ol Ih.- san.e lo con.;i:a':z^;:^:i::^;:;:r::;';i:;;;'''' f?'"; "^"'"^n' ^"" '-^ ^'- ^""••='' -^ ^-^ ;-..a.h. ., th. an..i. ,. ^^■a:;:;^;h:'^;.r f "i;;; "' :]:';,rr^" ^; 'rrr ^ '- belong.,,, tu the Kin^ of I'n.s.ia as wiih n nl I '' ^^'".'' *"" ''''■"'••""'"' "H the n.untrie.s Fn-.ol. ar.ni..s of the countri-s wl i^ th h r 1 . 'u » rT'",""" ' ' """'" ''^ *''« ""^'•^'' '""' tl.t. l),.p..r l{hine.a,..| i„ all the e, , i ^ .^ ^ ^^ ';"''"''';'• ''"^^'•'- '^axony, on the Lower Rhine respec-tive «overei,M.,s th.-i H,- Ini a . " ". '^!\'"'Z'' '" "'" "•""''^ '"^" ^'-' •'"""•"<"'« "f their all the .iespateh th- ^ i ! ' .'T. ' 'T'"' ^''"""'^ '''''"''" '" "^"^-"'- '-"" •"'''"- -^h Mipulato l,..f„re the l5,hof I el .e ' -"';7"''t.ons. the entire cn.pletion whereof they Christian M.yesties lu.ther e„ ^ I " i, l;^'""" ' '^ T" " ''""" ^ '""' ''"'■ ''"'^'^'"^ -"' "-^ ^ to their r..peeti. allies, who ^:,. rjr:;:-:; rm:;;^ -^ --"- "^ ->' ^-^ «i.a.u: '^erit::;^:;;^:::;::::.^;.:;: ,^:;""^"-; ^;;' '"•• ^-"'-^ ^ ^^'-i^" >-i« ^.a,..u 'b.- woH.I, four ne.uhs after the nuii;/!;. ' T """ ^'■'•'•'^•^••>' '" '^Pai that part of pern.it hi. Hritannie Alaje^tv' ' su- t t i. w 7 ,'7'^^ "'"' "''^ ' ''^^'"•"'- -''"J''^^^' •^'"' " ""t " tence whatsoever, in the sai.' plaee in th r o i"' " ''"''•"■'""' '"' "'"'"^""'' ""''««' «">■ P^e- a...l .or this purpose ,hev n I'-m " ^ IT'"" "' "T''' ' ''"^ '^"'' ''^''^•'•"^ "^^ '•''^-'>'' ' -•' Ka^in's ihieh ar; nee L: n^ , i;"!? "l '"'"I'V ^t'"'' "'^-•"I'ti"". tl." housed Majesty assures to them. Uy thw art e If,, '"^ T '"'' ''"•''• •'"■"''^''- -"' "'"' ^^'^tholic Spanish coasts an.i tefn Jes. as 'si ... :T'"T /' "r "'"""^'^'"^ '""' '— ""' *''^' 30 treaty. ' "t'polate.I. .....ne.hately after the rat.licat.on of the present X VJ I J. Hi.s( Catholic Majesty .iesists a.s well f,,,- \,\,.,. \t e ^^ which he .nay have fonne.l d fan.r o, .h.'. i j ,, ' IT \ ''" T"'"^""' '^"•" ''" I""^'^— '«» i" the neighlK,u,-hoa.J of the Island of Newfo.^niilar, "* " ''"''' '" ''"' '"'*''''' "'" ♦^"'""^ the i'!', 7:::^:':fj:r^::::;t'^^- - 1,;' 1"*^ ^-'"^"^^ ^•"^'" "^ • -1--^ -> of the H«i.l iHlan.1. shall he .vs o I .;";';'"' ?" '"■"•"•^^- "^^ "^•" "" «'" t'"' ""- '-tresne^ MajeMys anus, provide.] that II s . ta, nic M i ". ' "7'" '" "'"'" ••*""'"'"••"' ''>' "'^ "'i^auMic restoK.,! to Spai.' 1, th. pr^. ;" ."tS^^^^^^^^^ "f TlT ""'" ''"'' '"''■ -^"'•'' '" '^^ -''' i^'«" '.. I.rin,' away their eHect^ a., well a« thei . r ""* ""'''"• ^' '"''"'•' ^''"i'- ■'^•''t". aud «. n.i to the s;id island restir;;! ^ . ^ ~; Z^lrT ^''^ ""^ '"'" '' ""■""^^-' ^ Htraine,! on .^.eount.f their r-li.Mon or u ier a^ v . T ." "'"' """ ""l.V. without kM„>, re- -i"" pr-utio„s ; and fo.,5 ; ^ u.r ^.;; ii^'tr" ^''tr^*:^' "r-''^ ""^^ -^ '''•'••^- - -^ Majesty's suhjeets, f, I- eo.nputed Vo.u he lav f "'" ""f T '^ ''""^'"'' ^" "'•* "'•"^"'"i" treaty; hu. ,. the Lh-rty, .Munte I t sBitl ni U T T "^ ''" '"^'""''""•^ "^ ""• '"-"t their effects, in vessels of tltir u2iZ^T7,^^2 ' "v"""^ " '""^ "''"'' ^'-'^ ''-'- -"' vent.he,n; it ha n .-xpresslv atme Ll to ",.„„., ,f p,.,eHut.on.s were not takm to p.e- the oun r of K,.«lish ve 1 w .iTs .1,1 a^ \ ^ "'"^ '""' '"" '^'"'''""<- "'^J'^^v that -• •-• ^- -: !«iia«ti »hall mii sail at a I ttty of Aix-I». ' exclisn^e of • ciitrHiicc on •r the iiir, and .'ttt Hriuin. Iit( LnTi(|j,'rave rv or nIiuII ho ries shall l>e the pieces of , ot the same jq loiilil not bfi HriMtions to he ciidiitrics I Uritish uinl .Dwer KhiiK! ions of their i<« Jide, with hereof they e and most 10 i»f any kind his .siihjectfl that jiart of V nIuiII not !r any pre- y loj^wmid ; the housea in Catholic crs on the 30 he proiient pretension of Hshitij» i<|uered in (orttesHPR Hritaiuiic iii ' 10 to the so«th-e„«t, of the rive irr rrr''" ''"^""""^'"^"^N-''' America, to theea.t or countries, and lands, with the soverlntr r'o.K r v '!' '"""' ' ■":>'';•''""' ""^' '"■I-"'i-* on the said otherwise, wh,ch the Catholie K^re. ut ^'Z^ l" k""^^^^^ '-' ""'"^' '"'""'■'"' ''>' ^''^'^^''-^ - lands, places, and their i-d.ahitant: t , 'aU Tk l"' "" "'"' "'''' ^''^' -'' '""•i-. -i.l Kin,, and to the erown of ( W C^^^^ -'•<'— the whole ,o , ho Britannic Maj-sty agrees, on his si to rZ^' . .'"- ' '""'''" ""'""'•• -'"' ^""-' "'^ liberty of the Cuh.Sie religion wl c 1" "l'"^''?"^^ "^ ^'- •-"■■'Hes, ahove ceded, the orde... that his new Roman ";-: hi ! i,::::"" J' P' Ji^ I'""''''' '""' "^ "^^ <'«^^^^-' '»- -^''''^ of t,».e Ilon.i ,.„,,,,, ,, f,^, ';;';; •;• "■;"- the worsh.p of their religion, aeconlinK to further agrees, that tlu. Spanish inhat-utsoroU " \T" '"""'' '"'^ '^'•"-"''•' »'"J-ty 20 the said countries, n.ay reiire, wit t^ v '^^T^ f "'"" r''*"'''^ "'' ^'"^ •'^'^''""'^ '^'4 in their estates, provided it l.c to Hi. :: , Zl^^::'':": "''""V; "->• ^''-^ 1-P- ; a .av'ell the.r persons, without hein-. restrai u i^^ ' .•'"'■''; '""' '""'" "''">■ ""■!'• "''"•^ts. as well ^ Cdebts. or of crnainal p.^ecn^r ' ^ I IIj: '^ 7 ""'' ''•'"'r ^"''^-"^^^- "''-''^ ^'"'^ Hghteen months, to he .....puted from th. lav '"— "'^mnon l.ein. fixed to the space of treaty. It is n.oreover stip date I | t 1 'Jf .''"'='"'^"; "^ "'" >Hti.ications of the present -^^ .".. beion, to him, d . hr '.^hr.:::; :r;:;:r l:^;;:;';;;- ^— - -' •-• •'lllHT Al'I'K.VUM. S.r, VI. Trtntiff and ''■'niiittiitnt~ (/| '.>.«< Ilnliiin and h'rnncr. Tr.'iit> „f I'arin. irai, //.-«/eA-^r /yy^/yviyA. ,,^/, rilH ,.,.,^,,,„ ^,^^,^^^ ^^^^^^^^^_ SioNKn AT Paris thi TIIEATV OK VEKSAILLKS, 17,sn. .^ „ I>KnN,T,VK TUKATV „K PiaOK AN,, F.UHN,.S„„. .0 nrrwKKN H..S H«.r..N.,. Ma^kstt a.o t„k (i.v.TKn St.tks ,.k a.mkku.a. .'JUD OK SKrrKMHKU. 17H3 ^^^:^^^^l^:^rZ::^^ \^"'-'.«-- vi. New „amp.Hire. Pe..n.sylva.ia, Delaware. Marvland, V^cin "', tl ' r v ^'T"":"'"'"^' '^•- ^--k. Now Jo^cy «overei,n, and inde,.enden, States tha tn-a^ w ' "' ,"""'"• ""' '"""^«"'' ^" '- f- Hucce^s.... reiinqnislH. all claims to the J v«^^ 7^' '^■"'. ^^ '--'f. '- »-ir. and every part thereof. ^ •v«rnnicnt. propriety, an.l territorial rights of the same, and of t,:r i'-^l^^t:!::;! h:;::::r;:t'i^;: r T^^r^ r -''-' " ^^^ *— «- 40«".i shall l.e the U.nndaries. 4... f om . .mrt Iwe t T iTv ""'•A'-'^'!'-'' ^'"'^ ^he following are ..rmed l.y a line drawn .luc north, tron. ,h t.rT- .f S (" Z ""■ T" ""^ '"'«'^ ^•''^»' " h.Khlnnds which ,livi,le tho.se rivern that mn^v L ^ .'""'' '" ""' »'i«''lan,ls. along the which fall into the Atlantic . ,ccan Z tt^ at w ':.:"' "'^ '"? ?' ''''''' '^^- ^-— . fn.n. U.ose along the ndddleof that river t./ttl.r , Jl T " ','' .^"""-^'-'^ «--; thenco down -Ht on said latitu.10 until it strikes the 2J^ . ^'^Vro^"' '''T ' ''""" "'"'""'^ '^ •* ""« '«"• river iatj. 1 »!.. «.-*--r .. . . '^"'^ "'"l"om or < ataraquv : thonee jil.>r.,. .1... 5.,: 1 )> - - '"• "" ''"" »' ™'' "'inn.iinicli,,,, i.l„ Uk. Kri.; Triiilift ami t 'an vrutiona — (-) ttlHYtn Uitei. Tieaty nf 1783. 5.'U U,n.u,jl. the .ni,ldle of sai.I lake, until it arrives at the water comnn.nication l.tween t),at lake and Lak.. I,. o„; thoncoalo,,. th. .ni.i.il.. .,f sai.I water co,„nM,„ic.atio,. i„,.. the Lake Hu, ., .h."u-e n.u.h he ...1. le of .ai.i h.ke to th. water ....uni-ation l.ecween that h.ke ^.d U si.' ^ hnce through Lake N„,or.o,, ..orthwuni of the isles Uo,al un,i .'hili,.,K.aux, to tho LuXZ' oh V " l"/ ;; '" ^■, " "" '""- '^''•-'' ^"^ ^''^ ""^'- -"■•— -ntl '., l-etwee„ it n 1.. lake' ur:;rrt:'r\:i::;;;.;tr:;::,a:;:;d:^^ the Fhnt Kiv.r; thence straii,'ht to the hea.l ..f St. M.-.rv's River ,ii..l fl».„. i J' ,"""""' Rv:',''sfc' ■■"":•" '""'■ "■ ;'"■ '" - "" "-"'• '■■■ "'"'■"'•'■• ■"'-:;.;;:,::'■«.;: River ht. Croix, from its mouth in the Rav of Fun.iv to its so.uve ,in.l f, ;♦. . S::;r ':■;:'"; •;»■ ; ^"" f -i ..» »„« .'c J,;;::;'nr . :i :;;,',:"i;':;:„ : both hy s..a an.l ia„.|, shall f.o.n h.-.a-eforth ceas. ■ Ml ,.isl ^ on 1 , 1 IH ., , ,"'"'"' and H.S Britannic Maj.stv shall, .ith ail e -enient^ !!,!:; ^ Ti '^in! nv" TV '""' C..-.T".. away any ne,n.. or other property of the ^n.er^ean inhabi; t ^ U^, 2 tn:::2Z garrisons, and ll....ts fr„ni the said nnitr.l Staffs and fn,n. everv .h.h . U i. • same; leaving n. all fortiHeations the American artil" t m a ' ;:i:"'\tT';'";rT*"" ^ and cause all archives, records, deeds, and papers, hch.n.in. to a /..f h , Stat '■"^'"' -'-••'. i" the < .e of the war, .nay hav. f^dlen int.. t^, U„d > I ...;", 7' Z '^7 "''"""; 30 and delivered to th. proper States and persons to whon. they l.clonK ' ''"''"""' PR..CKKI>IN<;s IN AMKRFC'A HKTWEKN THK TWO NATIONS. 17«;M7f,4.. Thk R,.„r Ilovo.un,.i: IlKvav Sm>.kv m (|.~, „„,,„,,„, .., ,„^ „^^^^^, Proc..e.,i,..i„ ,, ,,,, , „. . ""■ ' '■'•'" '"^^'^ ^" '•^^'^•^'-'- WAs.n.v.r...v. ,7s:, RiKHtHon H t 1 "; r .' ' '. n /''" n """ ^^"^'"•"' >•'" ^•"•e .justified doin;, it. HTdtv ';?.''• ^ The ,lh Arliele u( DH.n.t.v.. Treaty stipulate, thev should 1.., evaeuat-.l with all eonv . ' . u...h^n hut no t.n.e is Hxed ; and as it is not eonlin.-d to the l^t Article, until w a " .: ^ ::^ ''T interior of the country, and withdraw their property, etc " '" ''"' » # 40 Rvacuationof Forts delaye.l as the ineaus of ohli^in^ (Wrens U> orolonl' tll/'/i/^'^^ KranU.d ,, the Treaty, for the Loyali ts t Uin. if po^^ill, th'..:. '; ''Zi tt^^ "'Z JZ 7-U, 17, 34. 423, 95, 97. 09. 107. 109. 110 IM 7.' M^'lsV 9! laTa^ " '" '"'""">' "' •'"^'"»'-"t »i otUwa. pp. tlmt lake and 1 11 ion; thcncp aki! Superior; ' L()ii;( I^nke; mill t|ii> Laku north-western •y II line to ho ninost |)irt of ho (letennina- luutiir, to tlie 10 juiiptitin with wn akiii^' tlie iiii'MIe of the lirijctly north tho.M' which y part u( the lis wiiere the chilli respee- re, or iiereto- 20 liiiient to the jetty mill the ill lii'^tilities 't at lilitM'ty •siniefion, or I liis armies ir within the II also ordor heir citizenH go kith roHtoretl 4* nKMVKB ITp Uhliinand'M iiient Hpeeil ^n H'lern ill the of one year But from o go attiong 535 5H<»7; Vol. (llUwn. |>p. Death of Fiieiitenunt-(iovernor IInv „f r^,.*..^;* t. ^ . ■ AufjuHt 29tli, 1785. Alexander From Gov KHNoii Hock fi'HoTKM \r,^Vx7,.« v.. i^ iKi-., UKoTfcM..) ro KvAN Nki-kan, hH(>, Uni.kk-Skckktauy of State White HALL. lii« ..«•., i.l.„, will, ,„,...,, ,„ ,1 „.„ , J. '''";"""." "'."' "'"""• '""1 "• "tin,, te 1 (i„v..,„„, i„„ r„rti,, I , ■ "' ■"""" " ""' "'" '■"-■■ ""•' "i"-" '!«■ ■■''«■ B" , 1, , :i' :;,,! i;;",;;;:;,:'"™' •" •■"' •'»''" ' "-■")• "■«' > «i» -i.i»u, t,,. ihssension than ofanv evtruonlinnri' l«.n..Kf .i „. ■ i . i >^'i'"i'i as ii isj, latlier a source of '■' ""■" . U -nl;:; 'i;f. :: :r;rr,;:';: ' :r;:' t"" r ';;" -"" "'"■'■ - ""- ... ,...,...„„,, „ ,H...,i.-\„ •„,;,; ;:t:,''i;:;Ll!,'r; :;:,:';;:'',:; : S'l^liLTr:! ;' ""'"; aOx-euiitv of the uppercoiintiv to eive iIh. K, . .i \ , ?. "''^"'h'te a'7'-H- ■'- .™ '■> ™:" :":;:.:: i;,'H;:::„;z:f,:;; :;:;;;, :,::;:";:,r:";i "■• or to ,,ny other nil eer of similar se.viees an.l , , ; .. I i |'«ople ; t4) whom. r f '■>'"« ■ .!.:■ i:;,:..;;,!.',.:;;:::?: ::;;r;,,::.;:";,r;:';;::. " ■■-' '-: capaeity, to ho .nude a Lieutenant -(ii.vernor ..v.. ,. l ..i i i """"""' ' «•■ Met.ees preHent y - ■ ..i..i.«i , u, ;;;;;;«;,; ;:;:;:::™: ;;;':::':';''"'' • ""•■'■'"• ■"<""•' «"'«i. "■«- - H..-i.l.«, «» M,-. MoO,-.. i, „aw ,1,. „„1» I ,„ .1 , „ „,„ ,„,„|„v„„„„ i , , AiriMi*. I.etu>.,.n wJH.i., u.,,1 .1... I :„,,* . ..„„.-^ f Ik * -i I . . ""I'l".) •"' Sle«»e,.H pjaa. ax .loiKT Ari-ICNIltl. «»« VI. Trratiri untl donffulii'itt — 1:') limit Until tn iirui I 'mini Stall I. rri>|.|.i'V. HftlMf to I'mli.r Stv. "f Stntf. Ut .H.-|,t., ITW. <•..«„«,,„„,_ timt lio will conn- into t u Mfx^.t i.r iin.l..i- i.i-..«,...» ,.;,.„.,. * i . '■ """i" """• i-iifiuiiKi, <-i '•>"" .-.....: 1 .1 ... """""" """«' pH'scut <'nciiiiistanct's, am Ih> saLsfi,,, I mt Dctrnit shall Prii.MMKi( ro bNcLAM). lu Loud Cailmailiikn* n^nllla "'I' M- .i'';f 7 ;;'"";|'"^-'"">/: ^I. ir„it.l states of A,n..,.i..a. I.a. the ho„....r to •'■' ^ • « " '".---„;;: :;;;. l;;;;:;:.rr;,::' f;::r,;;:;:'i,'",;:;;,'.;',r ' ' -""" I ho ,siih.scnl)i.r, thfivfore, in tlio ijuin.- ami mi. I.i.|,air..f the sil.l r,.l....l k.„» i • . >• their e.xpn..s. n.u.niun.N, has the honour to n ..ni.e „ His H it ni • ^'"''V:^ '" ■""'••■"^'" ^" Maje.s,.v'.s annics ami .a.ri.son.s I.,, forthwith wi, „ r.w, f r . t . Tl v" T'^' '''"' ''" '"'' of the ,K,.,.s h.reink.fure t.nu.nerate.l.an.l tro , . " ' T'^ ""T'' \""" "" '""' "^*"->' .u.. Unit.., Stat... aceoniin^ to .1. ir,. in,e;;t;:::v;;;'',';!:2::i;::;::;''- -'■"" '"^ ^^-''-^ ^^t.. "'" ' ^'"''^•"'-^-' ^''- "'"'i^t'' 'i- of Noven r, one thonnan,! .even hnn.lr .n.| ei.hty-Hve JoH.V AUAMS. I-<'lii, (iliK.SVll.i.K T,) |,„|t|, DoKCHI-aTEII. The ntr..,irs of the I„.!ian., (Von, ( 'olonel Mrants l..,t..r to i 'ol M..,l ,^^'""'"";'' '^l"" ''' '^"^- .-^0 whenever Mieh sui.jilie.s are . .,cont nii.'.l nn.l i,,.i-h«iw ,..». i i •» K"'"" mi'i f'»!-saken. ..... ,...,...•... L.h the, n., r...Xsl;:z-;v^^^^^^^^^ jnM"\ very wr.-lv UM..xeent,n« every n.ean.s to eon.ine the war U. ween th-n. a ..I the An r il' o « narn.w a seale an poHs.l.le. (,„t .f .t shonM exten.l itsdf to the northwar.l wl.ieh will nu s Ik ! I I ;::::l';;;,:;r;::rr:,i::i::zt::t,::;;,T'-r: '.;■" ' «"■?'-'-- Were we to lie jjoverneil on v iv the exiiiiffntl.n, ,.r f,...i . i . , , 'oen iiaMii)^. ;,. ,^„.. H ,„i„„, ,..., ,;.;.„ ™J. ;:i:;::;::;;;:;:;:;;;r.^:;:,:„;::;:'t,-i:;;:;;:;- :':;;:L':;T^:::;:::;;::;:::zt";:r "' "": .■ ■ ":- •« ■' - --'•''"'" 'Aiimim' workR, Vol. h. M only iiicruaHe iltoii Iins so far n fioiii Kii^'laiid, lilt Dftriiit hIiiiII tin; pli'a.siiro of KN*. i tlio lioiKuir to thu iircliniiiiary '•11 th(! tliirtietli 10 litivt! Ticivty of fi;;lity-tliii'u, it tit cuiisinj' any s, wiflidriiw all liarliiiiir vviihin iiiiiiiiry Treaty, iiicliy, ()s\vi'<,'(), Ik* I'Hrticiiiaily J limits of the 20 Uniti'il Stiitos. in olu'dioncH.' to y. that nil IUh 1 all iind every onitory of the nd cijjhty-tive V Adams. 1 5. I7H7. 30 a VI ry critical I ontj way or »|»|ili('s which luid forsaken, tiiieiit to jfive I^trdMliip hati lericanM hi hh likely lie tliM I tho forcihlo derived froni 40 iinilertakiiiir. lisjMisition of t. ciiiisideriiij^ il'Ullt of tlltt 537 Mr. Uolert Hamilton t.. LiEtTK.VANr-OovKnNou S.mcoe. c,„ Ti . 11.,., NU(JAl,.!« lirttnin and I'niliit Sliilri. Aiiiirirn, NIr. tluiiiiltun .■Milium', 4 Jiiii., 17'.»2. I; 538 JoiMT AprK.Miix S«. VI Trtnliit nnil Cintruitinnn (.') i/mil Jiritaih itit't Uttiltil Sliiln. Procitiliiiffn in Aiiii'rioi, 17»3"i"y.'. I,t.rim-. SiiiiciK- to Tjf TriMlv, incj Hnry to rcndi-r tho inlinl.itaiit.s prosiionnis. liappy an.l fro.-, sJu* woiil.l in time rnjoy a market f<.r her iimmifactiiiTs, oxtrnsiv.- aliiiDst liryond c-uliiiliitioii. In ivtmn, sla- woiiM .•xcliisivcly rfC.ivo t'lie furs of tlif nortli, with nil the most (hvsiral.l,. pio.lm'tH of perhaps tho Hn.-st soil of tlio world, in all the dif- f.'r.'nt liilitud.s from Mi-hiliimackitmc to New Orl.-.ins. Wli.-th.'r Hritiiin nmy .v.-r linvo hail this in hi-r powor, or whether the day may not y<-t rctnni with an oti'.r of iIhhi' miinif.iM advuntftj,'i's, it is not for me tod.'ci.le. It nii^rht ho worthy of the rxaltoi! charm-t.-r iit present at the helm of her airairs, to have so glorious a prospict in his ..y,.s, Alnady have I suirifi.nl iy tri'spassed on your patieneo. That every success may attend yoin- important ne;,'otiation, is tho sini-ere prayer of, Sir. Vour most olicdient, very humble servant, 11. Hamilton. 10 LlErTKXANT-(i(iVKHN'OH SiMCOK TO TIIK. LoKDS OF TllADK AND PLANTATIONS.— 1702. The fur trade has hitherto l.een the staple of ( 'anada, and the protection of it, until the csfnlilished Govermnent of Upper Canada, seems to have heen the primary ol.jcit of all the military urrangementa and coiLsctpient settlements in the I'pper rrovince. The actual state and ;,'en. i.;! importance of thi.s trade must he perfectly known to their lordships, by tlie very adv«nta<;eous circumstance, in nil respects, ol' the port of guth.-c heinj,' the sole pKue from whence its prtiduce can ho exported to Great Hritain. My observations on this head will, therefore, bo confined to what mas tend to the present protection or future increase of some of its branches. Tho trade to the North-W est. which is carried on by a powerful and enterpri^in-,' Company, is at the mo.st SO valnable branch i)f this c.mimerce. Although the rout.- of this traihe be through the I'rnviu.e of Upper Canada, it is so far without the iiihabite.l part of it tliat I cannot otter any report on the general state of this branch of the tra.le, but what your lonlships can better collect from that of Lower Canada. The tra.le carried on from Michillimackiuac, whi.h is at present the general place of deposit upon Lake Huron, to tho.se rivoi-s which flow into tho Mi.ssissi|)|.i, appears of the utmost importune.!, a« ofl'ering the greatest probability of future a.lvantages. I beg l.-ave to submit to your lordships that, und.'r fh.' singular r.\gtdatinns which now subsist between (Jreat Ihitain, Spain, and the Cnite.l States, it might 1... of gr.-at public a.lvaritage if, without exciting the jealousy of Sjjain, a British factory coul.I be .'stalilished on the western banks of Mis.siss- ippi, perhaps opposite to the mouth of th.- ( lu,scon>ing, in .some spot of hin.l well a.lnpte.l to the follow- 30 jug piMposes : general protection, the buil.ling of houses, store-hous.'s. and shipping. The factory might be esUiblished on nearly the sam.' plan oHere.l to consideration for th.- Miami. The lands of tin- In.lians might be purchase.1 by the Oown with all .iuo solemnity, and an annual quantity .if goods, t.o th.- amount possibly of .£.-,00, might be punctually delivered at Michillimackinac, by the King's SuiM-rintemlent, to the agent of the factory. Tho factors shoul.l have no in.mopoly of the tra.le ; th.-ir a.lvantages should result from the nceu- pation of such parts of the territory to Iw purchas.d, us might not at present, or at any future perio.J, bo wante.l for th.; purpose of the Crown, and from fl„. mfluenc which they must natuVally acpiire im' the ilistributors of the luinual presents, which .should be giv.-n to the savages for the fr.'.- passag.' of tho British tra.h-rs by the Kox and Gusiaing [M>usconsingJ IJivers. The pres.-nts nmy be .l.'.luch'd fnmi 40 the g.n.-ral allotment made to the Indians, an.l ne.-d not be a.hliti.mal to the annual .piantity ; means may !«■ easily d.-vis.-d t.i seeiue the annmil .lelivery of these presents by the factors to the Indians. The advantages woul.l bo ninny ; a .onsiderable tra.le might be op..n«•• "'t''-'- lorcing of the passage of the MLissipph/l^^i^ ';";'"; '''^?f .^'-" f-- "-'• 'U.ention to the dei-.deney on the United States in. i s T, ,r ^l''^. ""''"'*'' '"^"'-^•^. '"'t winch their present w.th Kentucky, etc ight prohal.ly .... tr t ,.. I ' T " "'' ^'"'^ '"'""y "'"'"•' '-" -nntous channel the Kur'pean eonunodit ' m ^ Ik t""" 1 '?''''' '" ^''''"^ '"•^'"'"^ ^'•-" "- M.ss..ssippj, ,0 the connnuniclui f tlu. ive" h el i„ '' '"T ^'^i ' " ''"''''' '^*" ''"''"''''^ '''^" ^1- Oasconsing, it I.eing l,y no u.eans incred ile t , r • '""■' """' ''"^'^ •^"^■'''^'""' »'"' ""»--- "r "H-..ts of the United States seen, totallv to 1 ave n , ' '"" '■' ''"'"'""^- '*'''^' ^^^'"""'= tiovern- 20 all settlen.cnt-s since the peace of ll^wZt^CZ T "'"'"'" ^•^"'■'' "'">' ^^' ^'^^'^ h- which they are to pols.s then.selv:. of iL L:' .r 'C/^''\ '■'""" "' ^'""""•""^' ^'"^ '-""""'« »"-t undouhtedly n.ake everv due advantage of lei . f '"•'•."""^'''"''•.V -'"- of wealth, will r «l.e will extend her views to t W Z r: ' l^': ^ 7'" r'^'" ''"'" *'"' '^"'^•'•' ^^'^^ ''" I-nu-ent fuctory,onagreaterorless . 1/ ,, ,;7'''' •^"'" "' ^'"i '^''-i-ippi. unl-s so.ne such " t""t..... and jealousy of those who may Ik, d sn t ' ''? '; '"' »'"""''>' ''^ '"^■^"■^i»« the that a n.o.e gene.al and less pncuriou "'^, " la .,?""" T^"' ''^ ''"''''^^'''^ ^'^ •^''^'-tages the MissisMppi and the Mritish Ku.pire ... ! ,d "" *'"-' '"'""""' "" ^''" -^^-" -^'' «f 40 «'pital of the Mritish n.erchants in igoiute the n.ercUnt f" m '? r,"f'''""""" ""'^' "' ^''« ^'^'^'^ and tl'at the meichants „f Kentuckv ^^^ JT "V'"'"'"''"'''"' """"""''•■ "^^••. *' is evident i'i.iladelphi„. etc.. give to then... nJc^l'^^r^^^^ "' '"'VT ''' ""''' ^^'"••'' ^'"- " and are totally unin.b.eneed by any i^m^U^VT^ , ' "" -i^,-.-.! fonntai,. of supply. «"Pl....t. The ba.sis of this tral.i aridsTrt) e "^ t 7\ '■ "''"'" ^'"'J' '^'"'^ ^'"•''- Vn'nJy n.ercl.a..ts. It seen.s. therefor., in a ^t v i j m! "" , Y '"'T'^ ''"" '"■ ''"''' '' ^'-' ^^-'^>^ •nerchant. should. a.s far as po sible . ^ be t. I'. H '"^'--"'''"t'-' agent, the Atlantic American i"''"''it.u.t of ive,.t..ckyinhismer;an le ra'.i ; .' """ ^''''■■'' '*'''''''' '^'"'"^ -'M'-"' t^ -.•Kl.t lor i.. a l^ntish i.biect. ZlZ^T^'! rT' 'f ^^ ^"^'' "^ ""•''-"'''' «'^ ^ Kentucky, having a n..a.er interest an 1 . t int ,. ! % these n.eans the inl..l^,«ts of 80 subjects, would natu.allybo.llsnoso.r r ' transaction with CJ.vat Hritain, th.ongh her i>-u^.i.iui to both count.t.tor!zi':.T:r " '7t' """"'" '""' ''=""''^'''" -"' ^-^ -t!;:: HUpposeU leader. It is genemlly undniu.i.rthaniMv . r'^T\ '"" Y' ""'"' '"'''' ^''''''' »'"''^ P"^^""' w^cera waters a. aU-ea^y inciiL to 1 t^l^^ tllh l^Lrli H^i: "''^"'^ "' ^^""^'^ ^^^ ^''^ Joist Ari'KNiiix. .S«c. VI. Tmilirt ami I'l'lllrliliani — (.'I i/riiit lirthiiu ilnti I'llltnl statct^ i'nicimlingtin .Viiii'ricii, irs;M7ui. Maiit. ridv. .SiiiiriK. til lioriU iif Triitl.., urn. 540 Joint ArrKNiMX. 8m. vr Trraliiinmt Vunvtuhnnn {2) limit In the course of tlieso oJmerviitions. the tm.K" <.f iJetroit next comes under ronsiileration. riio war tl at has so h.n;: continue.! on the fronti^-r of this .listiict, has niateiially nUecle.l its i-on.nierce with tho Indians ; in imrtiiular, those on the Wahash some time sine- retired helow a post that the United (.-) arr„i '*'"''''■'' '""''' "^ ^''"'■''"»^'''' »"'• of course the pro.luco of their hunts centre.! amon^' tlu.se |.eopl.!. It is Br,iam\u„i '""lL'"*too.| that thi'M. nations liave now returned to tiieir formrr place (.f residence, and that tlie com- Un.i.,is,.,„>. „„,,,,, „.ill revert to its former channel, unless the armies of the Unite.! States take post on the Miami ^AmmlT"' ' ^'"' ''■'""""'' ''^' '^''''■'' ^''" '""'^ ^''''''i'lfrahle part of the peltries are conveyed to Detroit. I7«3.i,iu. It i^ ^j^i,| t|„jt j^ consequence of the Indian warriors, who are the hest hunters, beinj,' so often called ..II t.. defen.l tli.ir country, the increase of leer, etc., has l.een prodi^jious. Some Iwats are sent from iMioit to the St. Joseph's, on Lake Michi^jan, as well a.s to Sandusky [an.l] Cayaha^a [I 'levelan.l], but 10 their returns are of no great value. This .settlement supplies the North- West trade annually witli eighty thou.sand barrels of tlour, am! the quantity la increasing. ^HuJuVr""' '""' ''."'"'''■'I"';'""'' "*" '>''^roit, .lepending on the trade it ha.s hitherto drawn to itself, by being a.-, it C^T ^*''''''' ^'"^' ''it't"'y in this part of the ountry, must necessarily be gra.lually opening a.s their settlements Tr«U. I7i»3. are forming by the British or Unite.! States in its vicinity in the Niagara district, which may be .nelu.le.l from Long I'oint, .m Lake l-lrie, (,. York, on f.i.ke Ontari... The peltries are consi.lerable, but in gcn.rul lliey are smuggled into the United States, wh.re the high price they l)ear, a.lded to the facility that a woody an.! unsettled country gives for eoiitraban.l tratKc, are inducements which there is reason to believe few or none of the tra-lei-s or factors resist. * • The inhabitants of Lower Cana-la are almost entirely settle.! on the bnnks of the St Lawrence, and 20 at no great disUmce from its waters in the I 'pper C..!oiii..s. Factories in tlu- Upper cuntry were formed on th.> sam.. .system when Upper Cana.la was erected into a Province. It wa.s apprehemled by some merchants that it.s .settlements must i)e continued in th.- same manner, and no doubt they w..ul.! have been so, were such pels >hs to limit the views of mankind by what they fancy to be their own imme.liato interests. # • » The regulation of the Indian Tra.lers, when it should be seasonable, so far a.s to restrain those distant people by the drca.l of some legifimat.^ auth..rity, will be a work of .liHioulty, tint of the most aksolute neee.s.sity. The outrages and mison.liicl of many pers,.ns in that ountry biudly call for inter- veiiiion ; a closer knowledge and communication with those countries within the juris.liction of Upper Canada, but without its habitable parts, will be ae.piired by the alteration 1 have proposed. * •30 It woiil.l be worthy of mature consideration, whether a systematic e.xteiisi.m of factories on the principles which I have submitted as proper on the Mississippi, might not be the means at once of securing the Indians in that .piurt.'r. by public lieiietit, am! por.soiial inHuence, and of opening a vast niarr among the inhabitants of .Spanish America and those of ihe Unite.! States; am! if anv savings can be malication of such to the system propose.! would n..t l>e an object of national policv,add t.. the strength and power of I pper (Janada, ami by n... m.-ans invali.late the .system which ! must ever conten.l to be tlie best policy, that of n..t permuting any agricultural settlements beyond the peninsula included between the l^^kes Ontario. Erie, and Huron. Rislit lion. H. IMiikI.'ui t<> l.. Thk Right JroNouiuuu: IIknuv Ditndas to Lokd I)onciit;sTKa 4© Wmitkhai.i,, 15th Marcli, 1792. Mv L<>r.u,~Vour Lordship being already apprise,! of the intention of His Majesty's .servants to endeavour to secure wliatever may .,perat.; as an elf.-.iual an.l lasting barrier between the frontiers or territoues ot the American States an.l his Majesty's domini.ms in tliat (piarter, 1 sliall now only refer your !A,r.lsliip to my letter of the Kill, ,SeptemU-r last, an.l to the late unhappy contest lietween those Indians and tlie States, to j.rove the expediency of such a measure. To obtain 80 beneficial an en.l. and at the same time t«. liea! tlie twt..„ a,„l ,.xt..n.lin;. the wh..|.. |..„.,1. of th. li,...,s of th.ir rJ. 8pectux.f.o,,tuM-H,w.tim, which both ,,artio.Hl.uul.lHtip,,late not to HullVr th.ir Huhu-ets to retain or acciuiro, any lands whiitever. •* '«««(», or Ami although, in con.si..,u..,ce of sud. a cvssion, th. fronti.-r posts now in His MMJosty's hauls would bo «,ven up your Lon Ish.,. appeared to coinndo with then, in opinion, that the objection to this n e,.uro would be n.u.h lessened by the circun.stanco of their not bcin. to con.e into ti.e posscsdon of he An.enea„ btates. but or to be ceded for ti.e express purpose of bee in. part of sueh t rritorv as is n su h n pos.,>on, th,,v w,l becon. . natural barrier against mutual encroachn.ents, and at the san.e Mue hob a s.,uatu.n .n wh...h their attachn.ent and friendly disposition to His Majesty's subjects n.ay be capable ot he n.,.st serviceable operation. These and various other considerations, fron. w'hieh .he most bene.K-nvl conse.p.enee.s nu.st accrue to this country, have induced His Majesty's servants to adopt such n.ea.sures asappear best calculated to carry the plan into execution. Lonj (l.-.nville has in en- He. p.enccrece.ved the Ku.;-s directions to authori/.e Mr. Han.n.on.l to prop,. se His Majesty's good tZ '*^;;^""/''" /\'-"'7' «,"^^-,«"'' the Indians, for the establishn.ent of a pern.ie.ft jLe between then, loundedon the pr.nc.ples of securing to the latter such a tr.tct of country as has been already ment.onci and. n furtherance of which the King is most graciously pleased to grant his aid an. as.s,st ^ o In doing this, I wish particularly to call your attention to that part of the country in m.estion winch hes t.. the south an.l souU.-ea.st of l.akc Ont..i... and the u, ,' part of the St. Lawren'.'e a ^ pr.,po.sal n.a,ie to your Lordship ..„ this subject by son.o of the in.lians, previous to vour leavn,., Quebec, does not appear t.. be .|uite distinct, and as the near appn.ach of the American fro.Uier in tha"t .,ua,.,e.- to.hesettle.lpa.tof H.s Majesty's iVovinecs. appea.s to .ender this an object dose v i.g o 30 particular consi.leration. •' ^ <-'>'"*, oi Y.M.r J.„.K!„p's intimate ac.p.ainlan.-e with His Majesty's interest in that quarter of the world am w.,h the .elat.ve Mtuat.ons of h.s subjects, an.l of lho.se who are to form the barrier between them ami the American States, makes it unnecesary for me to enter int.. any .hlail. 1 shall only ad.l that, in ascertaining the territory to be grante.l U. the Indians, three p..ints I can «ee are principally t., be attemle.l to: one. to secure as much as possible our intercourse ami tra.le with the m lans .the .secoml .s, that the interposed country, to serve as a ba.rier, sboul.l exten.l alon-^ the whole Ime of the frontier ol His M .jesty'.s ,1 inions. an.l that of the United States of A„:erica Ami lastly, to take care that their intervention, ami the space to bo alL.ted them, .shall be most c.n- m.lerable.u .such parts o. His Majesty's frontier, as IVom their situation are mo.st obvious to attack or iO interruption tro.u any .piarter belonging to the American States. I am, kc, Sic, To Lord Dorchester. Hknrv DuNOAS. JolVT Ari'KNnii. 8«.Tl. Trmlm niul l'iinrrnluin$ ~ it) Urrnl Hrittiin mil/ Unitiil Sliilit I'loc.'i'iliinfii jn .Aiiifricji, 1783 17!)|. I• t'- "-'aty of .leh-.ntiveco,.struHi,,MHHcedl,yth..Tre« ' "'f'""" '^•^"'"i'ti"" "nwHr.a,.t...i l.y the "' - '-• with tho l„.li..n... a .1 whic con L; 1 ..;'''''% ""*""""" "'''^■'' ^^^^^ "'•"-'"-"' -n.tri.s ,h.. .i.h. of treating with the m Z ' I, ^ '" " ^l? ""/"""'' «'^^''- '" "'- -•■j-tsof l..,th i"' •''''I"'-" trad- in.h.cd then, U, ,M,v,l l,o,h us a d tte K r^ '' """i "'""•"•"' '"■'""'"•^- "'"' '''"^ -^""vonience of HU,od such ..e,tle„.ent.s .s a .lon..nio„ H'ltheT ' "'^'^'TV" ''"' •=""""-^' >"^^^ ^'-'>' ■'-"'• ""-'<'"•- to .so late a period previoun to the late war a,s =},' !>"'> T,'T . ""' '.'-" ''^■'"'''"'^■"'•>' '^ '"""yl't -lown 30 -""PlHint. aKain.st the o.Heer conunandin^na Nia'u, 1 ^^^""'^'' V'"' "'"" " '^'■"'■'••' '''"'-'f' '" ''''^ "We are ftve people and accu.ton.ed to .d lb S^:, ' ' "" T'7 "^ ""'; ^^'"'"^"' •'"'"'^""'^ ''^P"'-^- tl.ink it n.ay not t. i,npr„por tu co„„„,„d ' tit M , ?"' '''""" "'"' ^'''^'''^ ""^ '"'"^ ^^^^ ' I "..-•ehants of Montreal, in Iheir .MeZir "o ' Iv Tu '" T'"' "^"' "^ ^•''"■'''''""" ^'"' «-'""' the Hi.s Majesty « MiniHtei>,, hein-r „,a.ters of «ll li, 1 ''! "'''i • ^*' ^''" *'""' ^'"'^' ' "'" ^^'" "^^are that of the fur trade to (Jreat Hrirain in U,l[ I'i " ;""'"""' ^ " '*'' "'''"^'' "^ -"'^-'-'-ce the value o.n lie collected in this cour.try ;' but it is possihll Cr . ! • ',""'"'' "'"'" '"''''''" "'''""'"ti"'" H-n i" the liKht of an open trade, common to 1^ W . ' "'"■ ""^' "^ "''^ ••"""""'■'^^■' •""^i''''-' United StaU.s. as those of (J eat h" tai . i .r , " "'T^ " ''"' '•"I"''-"t"tiveH of France, and the those of anncalile con.petition, „p • 1; '^'^ 1". ^r'. ''''' -•'' -''J'-t to „o other difficulty than 40 ohservatioas on the Jtual state of this alt^v f *^ . "'"r""'"''"- ""^>' '^ '""■^trated hy some to Ik,, of no use whatever to the colony <.f vJ,or'r„i:'i '^ "^ " ''"" ^''''^*' '" ''" '""^''"-'"t foundation forn. of (iovermnent that is to Ih, esL.lishe in Zf ' T V ^"''^" '"•■'^' •■'""''' f''"'" ^'"^' '"'I'I'y that would add to its prosperity ; iiTri.U^^fjl!^".^":^''!''^' ^'."' '' "^'''"''^'••^ ''""'"f"' -hether even the ni ' of its the mon.,poly of that trade, the In.l'iaV.s tl,,VmseTve7 w7 "l" ""' "^"'"J""'"-'" ""'" I^'*"^'-^-* "' «^<>"ten.i lor the be induced to ..ring the pro,luce Tl thl!;; ;::!:t: ,: ::.':"_:i"^ ^'": '^'''^' P-^ of I'PI- Canada, will io their viciuity. " ' "" '""'"'' *"" HeUiuments which are about to arise 50 >n of (i..ver.nnent that is to Ik, established in fl.„» ' '"''^ ''""''^ f'"'"" ^he happy a would add to its prosperity ; it c^r i I , Tt "Tf^' "' '' '^'''"""•^ '''■"'"^"' -'-'^•"••- -' " ^ .".-Is of the country.' by U. 1 a 1,^ ! " r"? "' P"''"'"^'""'-"' ""i-tely. deb,.sing its future revenue. But. !si, it . p^' 1 r:': '"' '"r ^^■""'"' "'J"- ^^'^ i'""-^try; the .sourct : fur trade of the North- We.s p„rt,s „ .l 1 ^1 "".'"■'"' "'^"^■^' "^ «'"''^ a'lvant.ges. if, leaving "opoly of that trade, the India, s .'...' 1- '''* ^'""P'^""-"' ^'^ I>'---^ "^ contend for the I •t * til, 1702. (('iininonil, as 111! a copy of Ito coiiutiv to lunt tiro more tlll'V ciiiivoy I lia.l ■ ver ifc, on '^akci 10 Iiu lan;,'iiage ;lie treaty of ' *,'i\''ii up. I "tf'l liy the iirit^iiii luiil 'Ctn of liotll attnelied to w of eitlier 20 ■eiicil till in I'firtieulaiiy ioiiM of Mr. ISiiluiii ami lit lUltloll.S r cxjMvs.sod >ir William vx'iiii'nce of 'vcr umlcr- iiglit down 30 Iiiff, ill his til's report, ) boat," I ;roiiri(I tliu I ware that I tho Value itioii than ■oii.tidcred »', ami tlio Milty than 40 I hy .soiiio Miiidtttion hi' happy tlicr even deha'sliig Ik' source ', leaving I for the lada, will t to arise jq I iloiNT Ai'i'K.vim. s.f. VI. rrtiitiit iiiui ' ^"in-t hh'tnt — (-'1 Uriill itntiiin ami I'hiIiiI Stain I'ltmfiliiigtin ir»3 17W. 543 M.MoK.M.,M KSn,...:.. .. ru .,H.an,.0 nK.r.TC, or L.KtTKNANT.(ioVKUN..H SIMCIK TAKKV KU..M "(.ORIM.N'H ll.SToUY ..F THK UKV.M.rTU.N ' ' thcn::!!rz:::!:ii!:;':r'ir:.rt!Tr'"^ir' '"'"'• "■ ^"" "'■'^'" '-••• '^ '- <>""-^ L«nd..n.a,.d VirKi.iia, wl,,. ir ,,t.l^r H "' r":?; ' ' ''''' ''"'' "^''•-- "^ W..t,nii.st.., "^r' •'>■ '""'"«" •■ ■^'' - - > n t;;',^: :: ' ' .. ■;[■ , ^"•', «-.rnor . , ...ada whic-h wuiil.l for over d.'i.riv« Mm l.\. „ 1 r .1 " " ^'"^' " •"'''""' was in m'ifation «u.i cut ort- tho o.r„ . : ; .!:^ ;:;? :,:';;t*"«''^ rr • '"• ^'•'"'" ^■'^'' ^•'" ■'■-«''- •- fore, to the Uovem.r. of Cow Y .rk a . 1 T ""'"' "^ '""'^''''"' *"'' ''"""''"■ ""' «""•'•- t'.-ro- 10cnaoa..h..d on tho ^V n h' t ."1^ t hv t ^ir' 'h' n''"'";'':'"^^ ''""" "'"^ ^'"" ^'"^"'^•' »^«''- '"»<« should he oMiged ,„ ,.iJ C" ;'^. ^ 'v'' el '':""'^' ""' "'"' '^ "">' '"'' ""' ''•■-'. ''« or HritiHh had pretended t v ,, v^^^ / .'" ""^ *''" ""^^ ^""" "'«^ -^'"•' ^-eneh alii... of either, for it y^^^^X^ZJfir!^' T "'TW" "'"' ''"' ''"■•'"^'■'' f'''""''' ""^ na.i.uis should enjoy full Ii3rf,r •■" ' "^ ^'''-"■'" ^'"'^ "" '-''' ^ '^ "'" 'wo t<, the British or Fren ll n """'" nhoiild with tho .same liLity. resort as they pleased British or French su e J." "" ^"''^'""'^ "' ^'•'"'^'' ^^"' "^ "">• -'-station from either the P. Campbkix to RoiiEnr Ha ,,n Ksq I7n«> ti» ..r with ti,„ i,„ii»,„, ,„„, t,,.. i4.™ 1 r.z : ' '1 "'""""; ."'" ""'•'■ ""'p "• " " !«." ""■'■ open farco. ' '^' ""«""1'' 'I l>y » cja,> J, „.„,„, „, ,„r,,ri,„ ,|„.,„ |,y f. iviricv., I, i,„„„„ ,„„ „„„i i„ u,i;,k ; " iL! ' "' " "; ":" I"" '""•■ "■"' '"■>•""•' ""- I'—r tw ,„';;!:.:::::,; '"^■""' °"""'^' ^'"'™'' '« •« •"-"-'-j -"■> -« '-m „,. «i,„o,, .„a i„„,:ia ,„ 3. Michilliniaekinnc to bo evacuated l.uL'^[;;:::;';;Z^''''''''^'^^^^^ l^-Hod state. a„d ». a proper Ht. ciif;^;.'^!^f air t:^!:::i ^:u. '-^r .!^'^'^-- -■ ^^^^^- - 1,. «„«, to the mver mentof Co,,.,,,,, therefore ""''*'"''*' '^I' '« t'"' «<'"tl' : th.s .seems to have heei, the oriKimd ..Hot- l.eing adopted, th^ "^i; c^l '^^^ ^Zt;.!! T"'"" M^' ''7 T""'' '^''""^ '' '^^^ ^''^^ '"" ^ ^ ,0 would become lawless vagabond ^ t ^"u!^: -an.enable to t e British ju.isdiction. otherwise they United States In.lians. and tl Bri 1 t1 « nT^' '"•";'■'"": 'V'"^ ?"'"" "^ '"•"" "" "^'^'--'•y t" the This M-,„« / • • , ^""'- ^''« settlements extend to the Miami Kapid.s. auangemont. it . probable, would perpetuate peace between the different nations. J. O. Si .MOOR, To His Excellency, O. Hammond. ^ McKeb. Lieut, fiov. • •"1. SUKiti t<>(i. iUin- inxiul. I7\ti. I MICROCOPY RESOLUTION TEST CHART (ANSI and ISO TEST CHART No, 2) _A ^jPPUEDJVHGE_Jnc ^^. '653 tasl Main Slreel =-^ !'?5?,""1'' "•• '"'"' 1<609 USA -.SS ("6) «B2 -0300 - Phont ^S ("6) 288- 5989 - Fo. I .lolNT Al'l'ENlllX. Sec. VI. ' Treatise and Ciinvinlions — fj) (/nat Jintitni a}til Unitnl SUiiis. Pmceiiiiiiigsin AniKfiiM, Lii'iit.-Oov. Sinit'nc to M.ijor-Uon. Cliiike,_-J."th Js'ov., 17'J'J. 544 11 v^nr Fvr.,.ll,>nov's attention to a circumstance that may happen sciuenco to refuse the British intervention. — that this In.han territory was ceded by (ji tat t5utain no nn f .>. ^ sava<^es, deduct the necessity of perseverance in Ins operations. . , , f p„„^,.,, Wavne's arniv I conceive may be employed to cut otl all The mam body ^ ^'^^'^^':^;^ r^^,, i„ii.ns by proeeeding up the Alleghany to Fort lo communication between the hi.v Nations ana wtsain .> i ^ tl,c l.u.iaii.g ot hatter, ... ml \«V' . „,„i,,,.i,„,. , navvl ...m.mct »t tliis or »ny part '^■>;- I'r '';; rr^H iX B «" -^ '"' '^ ' "'■"' "»' """*- " ","';"''■ of the Lakes thatl wi^h toi Youi r.MXiii. V.V . ,v ,,..- o^^it.n of the Forts has alway.s hitherto . r wrsto-rrtftt .„.,■,. „t. or •- «»-y^-;-::; :::::;■- -cr:r:a part, of any armarncnt appearing upon th. lata, ■»"™"°^^ "';;:' ii,,,„tat,„„ I .l.ould ,, r:;;'';:::pr:;:;:iur:pfo/ru:^^^^^ shores of which are in His Majesty's possession. Lieutenant-Governor Simcoe to Major-Gkneral Clarke. Navy Hall, Niagara, June 14th, 1793. June, 17'J3. , , X i^ich I am to add that, upon my reading to them l^oni uoitntsiLi ^ ->i r;t:trnu:o\|^aep,uio, or .,,0 .e™.,-^^^ Americans. LORD DORCHESTER'S ADDRESS TO THE D.PCT.ES OE THE INDIAN CONFEDERACY. FEBRUARY, 1794.* w .f bonrinr, from the people of the United States what was required by them ; broke, by thcmsci%es a disappointed. Since my return I tind no appearance of 40 •^"r^'";:' nin'^and f m tl^^Z ll.ich thfpeople of the United States rush on and act and a hne lemains ^"'^ J""; ^^j ^,^^.^ ,,^,,j,,,t towards the sea, I shall not be surprised if we talk on ^'- - ; ^^^ ^J; ' ;t ,L ,f "he present year ; and if so a line must be drawn by the warriors. "■' 'vr . 1 f lin ; tr 1 ds to the State o/ New York. I have told you that there ,s no line betwertllld^lTV^l^^ " ' ~ *Albuch'B Annals, p. 633. Lord Dorchea ter's iiddrtsB ti) Indian Deputit's, 171M. 545 •, Ql'EBEC. jth, 1702. it may happen ar, aiul in con- nds of the war aeuce with the to cut oil' all L'ghai)> to Fort iQ )e on the most I would include lent at Miaiais liis or any part (ler it hostility, always hitherto pular conversa- ijiosition on our find no general [station I sliould oQ inicatiuus, both LA, 14th, 1793. this house since ian nations shall . detailed in the i-'s sjieech of the sn given to Your 30 s to be those on e and the Indian 'ebkuary, 1794.* equircd by them ; have waiteil long \ myself with the was immediately new one drawn in L no appearance of 40 sh on and act and je surprised if we n by the warriors. ,t there is no line encroached on by # I "s since that ti„.c an "l he ^ , f , ^"7'"" '^^''''^"'' '^^ ^^'^''^ -P™-'''- t— 1-^ A..d when a line iV ^ w " Z'r^'^ ", T ' '^""^'''" '' '"^'-"-"-t -' the King's rights ments and houses on i e 7 tI ' "' " ^^^ "' '''"'' ''"^ ""'■^' '^^'^ ^" theirln-.x^ve- the King's subjects ^'"'''' '""'' ^'" ^" »"'"^ ''^^^ ^'^ "°t °'^t^in leave to become Loud DoncHESTEu to LiEL"rE.vANT-GovE.tN„u SrvroE -iMr^rr^:;: =r™^^^ - waynf ^sr^^^^^ .. n.rt^r than his guns, ev^ this, ;:r;;:^tal^'ur:C';;;;?l^^^^^^ ^"-^'-- --- "" ourri;:';;':j^:!T;;:rw:iit'''^^^^"^ we deuK^lished after the .a^^^^^^ l^^'^ - the Miamis River which element fron. Lake Krie bu^if gj ^n up he ^ l'""" T\ "^' "" — -'ation with that set- time that all necessary measures for n. 1 ''^i;i"'-l'end, cannot be maintained. At the san.e neglected ; it n..y fo. t i pu n .sf be n i '" ''?'" "" '^" ^""^ ■^''•'^' ^''" ''-^'^^--^ '""^t not be Your own experience and loc: t:ig::^,f ^^ l/: / ^ ^^ U r f ^^" T'" °'"^" ^^ T'"^"^'^" well as the most advanta-^eous positions w , ^ ' '' *" °"'"I'>' t^'^ Miamis, a 1783. You will therefore olen. n "•'"^' ^''"'"■""'^ '^ ''" ^l'"'"^ ^^^' "-"P-^ i" •SMffieient (br that servi 1 so „ at. \ f"' '" ""' ''^'""''^ ^^'^•^■'' ^ -V" ^^^Y J>"'^- the general directions S ^e^^. D^i;^ ?' ^^'f .^-'f "^ -'' P"-'t, observi^g^on^ same time that you order I po ion of t o n f n"!^' !'''''''^^'''''''^ ^'^her by land or water. It the it .nay not be a^iss to^XX ^Z ::^;::'l:::^ '^ artilie,^ requisite for that purposes mand without c.xposin.^ any to insult ^1,. ^ . ^ "" ^"'''' °thor parts within your com- whether, by cnUecLg 111 tLfocT™"^ ass.stance you may have from the militia; also 3C Wayn.-s attack, should he attempt ^fo c7 Ta, c" Z":"" T. '''"''' '^ '" ^ ^""'^'^^^ *° ^^^ my answer .0 the message from the Ind Ins of t ^"""""'^7^ '^'' '"''^''y- ^ <>nclose a copy of ° ^ ■^"'''^"' "^ ^^'^ "PP^'r nations, which will sufficiently explain JoiNI Al'l'KJiDlX. .s. c. vr. Trintir.iand t'otnt ittiiin»'~ (-') lirmt Jlntidn and Unititl Statu. I'rnciM'dinffdin Aini'ricjv, 1"83 17'J4. Liird Dor- chi'stiT to I/ii'Ut.-(lllV. Simeon, 17th .March, 17'J4. itself. Colonel Simcoe, Commanding the Forces in Upper Canada, I am, with regard, Sir, Your most obedient, humble servant, DOBCHESTER. Lord Dorchester to Lieutenant-Governor Simcoe. 40 SiR,_The freauent frnnd« o,,-^ u , , . Quebec, IGth April, 1794. ment at MichilimEc ^^^::^:t:^:^:^t^' ''-- '^':i^-^ ^« ^^^ 1-li-^ depart- W. no. the supplies of this year to Colone McKee a ?! t ''^'^.?'?r"'^'"'^ ^'^^'" '"'^''''^ ™" ^° ^^'"-g^ t^'^^ for the districts of Michilinmkirc and 1 H I, 7 ^"^^'"''"'^^ '"'" Superintendent of Indian afTafrs |"fS due order into the department * ^ ' '' ''' '"'^ ''"'' '"''''' '"'^'^ ^'' ^^"^-. ^-'^ introduce ""'"'• "'*■ Governor Simcoe. Dorchester. 50 Lieutenant-Governor Simcoe to Lord Dorchester. Mr Lord— T fnt» ti, r . Navy Hall, April 20th, 1794 ^i ijuuu, — 1 take the ear host onnortnnifv nf f^»„, j- j. - 11 J*. .■-iv.d fro. the .Sp.^», a„ve™„. of CZl! Cr.^X .i":.'"''""' ' '""« »'-'o'. I ^S,? Lord D( •Gov. to Chester, 29th ■A-PriJ, 1794, II 540 Jdl.NT AlTllNIiIX. S.C VI. Tmttics ttnii C'lVftntinni - Ilritain uml I'rutnl StiilC!'. rroeci'dingsiii America, 17K!-17'J4. Lieut. -Oi)V. Simciif til Lord Dor- chister, 2!Hh April, 17'J4. The Lieut-Governor of that Province, Cai>bun Tnuioau, who haa bee.i remarkably c.v.l to our trade.-H f.rwaraed the message bv a white man, a Shawanese, well known to Colonel MeKee. ^ In a verv polite letter whieh he writes to n.e, thi.s gertleman observes : " Lo Governeur en a donne con- ru,i."a'ue ,lu contenu, cc qui n>e fait presun.er .pnl n'avoit pas des notions bien pari a. tes du local, lorscciu'il a porte ses v.ues sur votre eontinen." The yhawaneso was twenty days from bt. Louis, and expeeted to lie only fourteen on his return. „ ■ . . * „.uv It has been intimaunl to him that it would be easy for the Spanish, if recpusite, to co-operate ^ith us by th..ir -nin-boats which they have on the Ohio, and, by oecupying the mouth of the Wabash, to give a similar support to the intermediate Indians, as our possessions at the mouth of the M.amisof ^^ ^'" ^itiusf observe to your LonLship, that a few days previous to my arrival at the Miamis a, speech had been sent by the Spanish Lieut.-Governor to the neighbouring nations, and which had been trans- mittcd to Detroit, calling upon them for their assistance, and promising the most active support, ihe speech, it is believed, has produced the most important effects, scarcely leaving a single Indian nation without the determined resolution of attacking the United States ; in particular, the Chicasaws, before the departure of the Shawane.se, had cut oft' ten of the Kaskaskias, suspected ot being well affec ed to the United States. It was also intimated to the Shawanese, that by the route o. Chicago it was extremely practicable for British troops to i)ass. . ., . tt- I have always been of opinion that a post at Chicago would be more eminently necessary to His Majesty's interests, in ca:,e of war, than that of Michilimakinac. I am conhrmed m this belief by 20 existing circumstances as represented by Colonel McKee. . „ , , ^ ii At this place there are some people, refugees from Detroit, and a black chief, who have constantly been in the pay of the United States, and who, by some possible means, have endeavoured to alienate the Indians from the BriUsh interests. Colonel McKee thinks it very necessary that an Ag^nt should reside '-i ihat quarter, as till of late has been usual. In n.v answer to Mr. TriKleau, I enclosed to hun yor.r Lor^lship's late proclamation against the Jacobin emissaries ; observed to him that the French inhabitants of the Illinois and at Vincennes were eminently <.f this description. By the account of the Sliawanese, the Spanish Govern-.nent acts with great vic^our in that part of the country, and he expressed his surprise at the very different language ^^ which was held by the British Canadians, in respect to the subject of the United States, to what ^as permitted at St. Louis. ♦ ♦ • _^^ SiMCOE. Lord Dorchester. Lieutenant-Governor Simcoe, to the Riget Honourable Henry Dundas. Navy Hall, July 3rd. 1794. It may not be improper to observe that the original and material aggression of the United States "iimc^?" appears to have been their Government immediately changing the relativa situation in which the S'^DuX peace of 1783 had left the contending parties, namely, themselves and Great Britain by endeavouring Jiv'y- ' to possess themselves of the whole of the Indian territories by fraudulent or by forcible means ; .-.ud in ^^ consequence, by the annihilation of this intermediate power between them and the British possessions, occasioning the destruction of the whole of the commerce, and endangering the safety of His Majesty a Provinces" To ^rove this intended alteration, the Act of Congress for the formation of the new States and the names\nven them by the committee of which Mr. Jefferson was President, are sufhcient evidences That it was some fraudulent means used, appears upon the face of the purchases made from the Indians, and His Majesty's honoured name is brought into attaint by the governors of the country to give a sanction to their purposes. The fraud consists in the afHrmation that the Indian territory had been given away as " the price of peace." This is the term which Governor S^ Clair made use of, and which the Corn Planter in February 8th, 1791, intimates in his speech to the President, Washington, to be the language of the people who purchased the lands from the Indians, and demands from him an ^^ explanation. » • * ^^ SiMCOE. Rt. Hon. Henry Dundas. 10 • civil to our ^IcKoe. In a ii Joiine ci)n- ites du loiiil. 3t. LouiH, iind )-oporate ■witli he Wabash, to tlie Mianvis of mis, 0. speech ad been trans- support. The Indian nation casaws, before "ell affected to liicajxo it was sce.ssary to His this belief by 20 ave constantly red to alienate 1 Agjnt should ion against the Vineennes were •.nent acts with erent language 2s, to what ivas SiMCOE. DAS. i-d, 1794. United States L in which the y endeavouring I means ; ''.ad in ish possessions, )f His Majesty's the new States, it, are sufficient hases made from of the country, an territory had lade use of, and Washington, to 3 from him an 40 60 i 40 547 LIKUTENANT-GOVKUVOR SlMCOK TO LORD DoUCHESTER. Mv Tnn Navy Hall, Au^. 18 1704 1" cta,..ct.,. ™ . ,„i,u„, .„„„, „,„;; j ,: ' ■ - - - "!"".« Mr, Wnvno, .,„,, fc.l U.at ,„,■ ,nv„ predict,.,, have heaiy „«l,,.,y .t'L'";';! ^f^ o .sil'.i.TTfV '''"' '"""'' "' "" **'»"'■ " i.p|.o.ition to tlio »,tol,li,l„„e„t at Prcs<,„e We ' ™' "'""'" "'^'""l in tk-ir enauf:: ti'::::tri;':;;::;::::;\::i"i* ™ -«-' »>.« f- =.. ..,i. .r..>... » „ „ I cannot 1,„. fo„„e tl,„ p.. tcct .afrof t " cCnl Z 7' '' ■" !"",'" '" ™'-'' "" <'™"' ''« »"=»-'"' .«.. . ,.. . pe^tt/to c.t..„.H\iL';;^ ^nrBLt: ;::* t::L;;:;:r.iiLr"- I have the honour to be, etc., J. G. SiMCOE, Despatch from Lieutenant-Governor Simcoe. Sm.-Since the close of my despatch of th. Wih • . . • , ^'''''' ^^'''" '^"^"'* ^^' ^^^*- has been received from the IndLrcrntry '" "'' ^"^^'•"^^^i^" ^^ *''« ">ost serious aspect General Clinpin, the Agent for the United States to the Six Vntinno 1 imme .ately at Buffalo Creek ; and his n.essen.er intin a es U at .tT' 7 T ^ '""'' ''"" ^'^^'''^ their demand so far as to give directions that PrP.n„.i? I ^^f--- ^^"^'""gton has complied with Ba>uf .hall be abandoned.^ LieutenarC loLd Zk^ ^T "^^'^''I''-^' -"' the Forts at Le (hy report) with near four thousa^^ r p" b! t ^ i^"^^^^^ "Ti ''t7"° '' ''''''' '^'^--"^' returnedthehatchetwhichtheyhadformerv reroi TV ■''"""' ^'^° ^^"™"'^ '"^^'« peremptorily ;0 sharpen it and instantly to Join'tll, "t 'v n , ^ e Zle^rTr' ''''"''""'• '^'"^""^''"^^ ''^ '^ all probability, would be to defend ou s. Tl,; , p^tTn W vn "' f'"""'^- '^''^ "^^"^ «'''T. "> reduce our post at the Miamis, and in the e, u , ^ ' , " ^^^"^ ■\"™^^' ^^' ^'''^^ '- ^^^s positive orde.s to Bunburg, of the 8th Regimen , to occupy S ' X d'' 7^"^ . ''''' ' ''''' ^^^l*^^^'-'' ^'"I'tain a continuation of our g^n-boat and v Sel at Kt ' ' '"""' °^ ''" '^'^'"'^ ""^y- ''"f-'l' ^Y egress fVon. it. If Mr!- Wayne pusl:::^^; i ' ^.'s!;™: J -^V' ^'^ ^'-^ ^i-r o^ It IS m his possession. I have characterized it trulv to TnH ^ T ? '" ^' '"''I'"^'^'^ *" ^'^'^^ ^hat fortress, with a nominal garrison." ^ ^°'^ Dorchester, on his arrive), as a "noudnal I have the honour to be, with all respect, etc.. etc., J. G. Simcoe. .'or.vT Al'PKNDIX, Sec. VI. TrKitim and Ciiiii'iiiliotu-- (-') 'trriu ISrif,i,n ami (/iiifdl Stiiti.i. IVoccpdingsin AnieritM, ir«;M7',tt. Mi'ut.-fJdv. .'^iincoc to Ijortl Dor- ohcstHr, iHth Aug. i;u4. 20 Dpspatcli fnim Liuut.-(iiiv. fSimccie, 30 Aug., 1794. TREATY OF AMITY (JAY'S TREATY), 1794. O- SlMCOB. Tbemt of Amity, Commerce a»d Navioation, 1794 between h„ p.„ U«,TEO STATES OE A„E,„CA, Co;ojl.:Zr,rT:,''Z::i"^,T ""' "" .»t, p,.„ „„ „. .ef„,e t,.c fi„t da, of j„„., „„. .,!,„.„„, ,,„„ ■-■ .^^^ J.':;;:;:';:;:,,'';;" Ik •'"TNT A. iiix. oeo. VI, TreaticK ari'l Ciniffiitions — (-') (Iriiil Jlritiiiii (niif Uniti'l Stall >. Priwcciiinpsin AniiTica, ir83-lVUl. Treaty of 17!)l. r)48 projior measures -shall in the intervnl bo taken by concert between the Government of the United States and His Majesty's Governor-Genenil in Amoriea, for settlinj:: the previous arrangements which may bo necessary respecting the delivery of the said posts; the United States in tlic meantime, at their discretion, exten to reside within the said boundary lines, shall not be compelled to become citizens of the United States, or to take any oath of allegiance 10 to the Government thereof; but they .shall be at full liberty so to do if they think pmper, and they shall make and declare their election within one year after the evacuation aforesaid. And all persons who .shall eontin\ie there after the expiration of the said year, without having declared their intention of remaining subjects of His Britannic Majesty, shall be considered as having elected to become citizens of the United States. AKTICLE III.— It is agreed that it shall at all times be free to His Majesty's subjects, and to the citizens of the United States, and also to the Indians dwelling on either side of the .said boundary line, freely to pass and re-pa.ss by land or inland navigati(jn, into the respective territories and countries of the two parties on the continent of America (the country within the limits of the Hudson's Bay Company only exceptedj, and to navigate all the lakes, rivers, and waters thereof, and frjely to carry 20 on trade and "commerce with each other. But it is understood that this Article does not extend to the admission of vessels of ♦' e United States into the sea ports, harbours, bays, or creeks of His Majesty's ; said territories, nor into - ich parts of the rivers iti His Majesty's said territories as are between the mouth there and the highest port of entry from the sea, except in small vessel trading hima fide between Montreal and Quebec, under such regulations as shall be established to prevent the possi- bilitv of any fi. uds in this respect. Nor to the admission of Briti.sh vessels from the sea into the rivers of the United States, beyond tlio highest ports of entry for foreign vessels from the sea. The River Missis.sippi shall, however, according to the treaty of peace, be entirely open to both parties; and it is further agreed that all the ports and places on the eastern side, to whichsoever of the parties belonging, may freely be resorted to and used by both j.arties, in as ample a manner as any of the gg Atlantic ports or places of the United States, or any of the ports or places of His Majesty in Great Britain. All goods and nierchandize whoso importation into His Majesty's said territories in America shall not be entirely prohibited, may fr.ely, for the purposes of commerce, be carried into the .same in the manner aforesaid, by the citizens of the United States, and such goods and merchandize .shall be subject to no higher or other duties than would be payable by His Majesty's subjects on the imiiortation of the same from Europe into the said territories. And in like manner, all goods and nierchandize, whose importation into the United S^.ates shall not be wholly prohibited, may freely, for the purposes of com- merce, be carried into the .same, in the manner aforesaid, by His Majesty's subjects, and such goods and merchandize shall bo subject to no higher or ocher duties than would be ])ayable by the citizens of the 40 United States on the importation of the same in American vessels into the Atlantic ports of tlie said States ; and all goods not prohibited to be exported from the said territories respectively, may in like manner be carried out of the same by the two parties respectively, paying duty as aforesaid. No duty of entry shall ever be levied by either party on peltries brought by land or inland naviga- tion into the said territories respectively ; nor .shall the Indians passing or repassing with their own proper goods and effects of whatever nature, pay for the same any import or duty whatever ; but goods in bales, or other large packages, unusual among Indians, shall not be considered as goods belonging honnfide to Indians. No hifdier or other tolls or rates of ferriage than what are or .shall be payable by natives, shall be demanded on either side ; and no duties .shall be payable on any goods which shall merely be carried gQ over aii\' of tlie ])ortnges or carrying-places on either .side for tlie purpose of being immediately re-im- barked and carried to some other place or places ; but as by this stipulation it is only meant to secure i • ♦ i i of the United ^tMiu'iits which ineaiititiic, at oxci'pt witliin ho precincts or vory kiml, and itli iill or any )!• to retain tlie said lioundary ii of allf;j;ianc'e 10 iiper, and they \n(l all persons tliL'ir intention become citizeny L'cts, and to the IjoiMulary line, ml countries of Hudson's Hay IVjuiy to carry 20 it extend to the His Majesty's i e between the iding io?K( Jide ■vent the possi- e sea into tlio 11 the sea. TliS th parties; and of tlie parties • jis any of tlie jq ajesty in Great 1 America shall he same in the shall be subject lortation of the ^luindize, whose urposes of coni- sueh ° «-' ^ Com- to adjourn to .such other plaee^r teT a \t '^I;l;^ ^k'^ ^":^ ^^^'^ ^^^ i""-^ rep,.rt or declaration, under their hands and so. if .1 ., , ''""' Commissioners shall, by a and water communications, and d Ll> to "vh h if th T ''",'^^^"'''^^^' ^'"-'^'l' ^1- -i^I -'iver, hik^es, 40 within the said river, lake and w^ 12 ■ r T ^°"tracting parties the several islands lyinc^ true intent of the .said Treaty oT tZHZ " T^r'^'f^-'^'""- ^" '^'^"^""^^^ ^^^ Ih^e agree to consider such designaUon Z d^VZ^ 1 " '"' e.ghty-three. And both parties twoComniissionersdifi'erin^orboth or t"^ /'""^ ''^ ^'^^ ^^^ «f the said Buch reports, declarations, or statement 'la 1 be ^2/."^"^"' ^''-T'- '" "^''""^^ °"'^"'"g ^^ ^ct. to a friendly Sovereign or State .shallt maj in Ju re n/t • T'','" "' ''""' ^"^ ^"^'' "^-^-^ is contained, and in as full a manner as 'fThtre^JIlC^^;:^^^^^^^^^^^ '''' '' ''' ''-'' ^^"^^« .ToiVT Ari-KMilI. Hpc. VI. Triatirs anil Cimri ntunxs — (■!) (I real lirititin mill Uniliil Wfldn, Prix'('piliiit;a in Aiufrii'.i, ITKI- 17114. Cimvcntion of 20th Oct., 1»18. 550 CONVENTION BETWEEN GREAT HHITAIN AND THE UNITED STATES, Concluded tiie 20m of October, 1818. Art: i.e II. — It is agreed that a line drawn from tlio ino.st north-wostern point of tho Lake of the Wodds, iddML,' tho forty-nintli jmndlol of north latitude, or, if the said ]ioint shall nf)t bo in tho forty- nintli pandlcl of noitli latitude, then that a line drawn from the .said point duo north or south, as tho case may lie, until the said lino shidl intersect the said parallel of north latitude, and from the point of snch intersection due west along and with tlio siiiil parallel, shall ho tho line of demarcation between the Territories of the United States and those of His Britannic Majesty, and that tho said lino shall form the northern boundary of tho said Territories of the United States, and tho southern bcundary of the Territories of His Britannic Majesty, from tho Lake of tho Woods to tho Stony Mountains. IQ TREATY BETWEEN GREAT BRITAIN AND THE UNITED STATES, CoNCLUDEn THE 9tU OF AUQUST, 1842. AuTicLK II. — It is, moreover, aj^reed that, from the place where the Joint Commissioners tormin- TreUyofist2. atcd their labours, under tho VI. Article of the Treaty of Ghent, to wit, at a point in the Neebish Channel, near Muddy Lake, the lino .shall run into and along the ship channel between St. Joseph's and St. Tammany Islands, to the division of the channel at or near the head of St. Joseph's Island ; thence turning castwardly and northwardly around the lower end of St. George's or Sugar Island, and follow- ing tho middle of the channel which divides St. George's from St. Joseph's Island ; thence up the East Neebish Channel nearest to St. George's Island, through the ndddle of Lake George ; thence west of Jonas' Island into St. Mary's River, to a point in tho middle of that River, about one mile above St. 20 George's or Sugar Island, so as to appropriate and assign the said island to tho United States; thence adopting the line traced on the maps by tho Commissioners, through the River St. Mary and Lake Superior, to a point north of He lloyale, in said lake, one hundred yards to tho north and east of He Cliapeau, which last mentioned island lies near the north-eastern point of Ho Royale, where the line narked by the Commissioners terminates; and from the last mentionxl point south-westerly through the middle of the sound between Ho Royalo and tho north-western main land, to the mouth of Pigeon River, and up tho said river to and thiough the North and South Fowl Lakes, to tho lakes of the height of land between Lake Superior and tho Lake of tho Woods ; thence along the water communication to Lake Saisaginaga, and through that lake ; thence to and through Cypress Lake, Lac du Bois, Blanc Lac La Croix, Little Vermillion Lake, and Lake Namecan, and through the several smaller lakes, 30 straits, or streams connecting the lakes here mentioned, to that point in Lac la Pluie, or Rainy Lake, at the Cliaudiere Falls, from which the Commissioners traced the line to the most north-western point of the Lake of the Woods ; thence along the .«aid line to the .said most north-we.stern jioint, being in lati- tude 49° 23' 55" north, and in longitude 95° 14' 38" west from the Observatory at Greenwich ; thence accordinff to ixistinc Treaties, due south to its intersection with the 49th parallel of north latitude, and along that parallel to the Rocky Mountains. It being understood that all the water communications and all the usnal portages along the line from Lake Superior to the Lake of the Woods, and also Grand Portage, from the shore of Lake Superior to the Pigeon River, as now actually used, shall be free and open to the use of the subjects and citizens of both countries. Oregon Boundary Treaty, 1846 TREATY BETWEEN GREAT BRITAIN AND THE UNITED STATES FOR THE SETTLE- 40 MENT OF THE OREGON BOUNDARY, Concluded the 15th of June, 1846. Article I. — From the point on the 49th parallel of north latitude, where the boundary laid down in existing Treaties and Conventions between Great Britain and the United States terminates, the line of boundary between the territories of Her Britannic Majesty and thfise of the United States shall be continued we.stward along the said 49th parallel of north latitude, to the middle of the channel which - ♦ lTES, he. Lake of tlio 1(3 in tlie forty- r south, as the in the ])oint of )n between the int) shall form cundary of the ns, 10 ;s, tionora tormin- n the Neeliish it. Joseph's and Island ; thence id, and foUow- ice up the East thence west of mile above St. 20 States ; thence Jary and Lake nd east of He .vhere the lino isterh til rough )uth of Pigeon s of the height !oniinunication lu Bois, Blanc smaller lakes, 30 Rainy I^ke, at istein point of , being in lati- nwich ; thence ti latitude, and iminunicatioiis ,nd also Grand 11 be free and 551 separates the continent from Vancouver's TsKn.I n., i u ., . channel and of Fuoas Straits to iTlWo^ -.iddle of the said wluile of the said channel and sirai^ U ^' Ui'i:: : ' ^""7'; !'"', ''' ■'-•'^-■- "^ ^he to both jiarties. *^^'' 1'''"'"^' "' ""'•^'' latuudc, remain fre. and open ^^^'l^^:^!:!::^::^:^::^:^^^ ^^^-^n ,. .,und to interact ti. to the Hud.son's B.y Company ii ,«;/.: "V' Z"!,''^ ^"' ''-"^•-''"'"- free and open the sai.l branch meets the uin s 1 o ,fe tl , I i'" T'' "I''' ^''" ''''''' ^« ^''" ''"-^ -''' - ocean, with free access into and th.omdi 1 , . "' "'•'' *'^^"^'! ^''^^'" ^'^ '^'^''^ >"-» stream to the 10 portages along tho line thus de8cribed%hall in Ik' "'" T7' '^ "'"" """''^•■■^t""-' ""^t all the usual river or rivers. British .ubjects wit tl i' 1 r"""!' ??"'' "^''''- '" '"^^'""ting the .said citizens of the United Stat s- i^" . levf ^7 ^'""''r' '^'^ ' ''^' ^''-tod on the same looting as construed as preventing, or i tern Tt™ -1 nt^ t? '"^^ ""'''"^ "' ^'''^ ^^'^'^ ^^^^ '- a^r^^ationsrespeet^gthenavigalilr;.:-^^ all British subjects who may be a Ire Iv n to ^7^' "^ ,"' "^ ''"^ ""''-^""'^ ^'^^^ ^'•""I-anv. and of within the .sai:l territory, s7all I tpe'cted ""''"" °' ^'"' ^^ °^''''- P™^-'^^' ^-^"'ly -luired pariy. In case, however the situation of ,7'"' ''"^'^ '^''' *^°"'^'-'"^'l ^'^ ^he said Com- St^es to be of public and ..hS" ..^."Z ^Z^uJ^ttr'^^' ''''''''''' '' ''' ^"'^^^ desire to obtain possession of the whole or of anv m tM Government should signify a fe.ed to the said Oovernment at a prop^ "S^f^:;!-^:;^ ^ Z;:^^:' " ^^^- .IllINT Al'I'KSDH. Sic. VI. J'niilirfand I'oiivi iitiDm— (•') i/ratt until in iinii I'liiM Stalta. I'niociilinifsin Amorien, llW;i-17U4. Oreffon li'iiinilary. Treaty, f84«. HE SETTLE- 40 lary laid dowTi nates, the line itates shall be diannel which K.'4 ifikiM M;s,^ I Mill VN Ut riurtsonv, iiat, (Tumpantrs lli,qhb am! (thimx fFor t1,.. r.nnpany'. ( 'l.a.t.r .,f 2n,l May, l.i70, soe Sec, V., supra.] fK-rnnv OK r.,,,; Iln.snv-s ,Uv Cm-anv to ('MA.a.Ks H., „ i«82. 3/f7i/ ,/ p^^N^ Your Mnjrslii: >vo, tlio Oovi'iiior (iiiii ( 'oiiiniiff,... ,.f n, *< -•> »" -■<-' '-ts ., t,„. ,„.,, ;„ ' ;j , ! ''■^"'■^ f!^.;' ^ ;'>-'P-.y -lo l.o,,i„ to ,nak.. .,al,itati.>ns l;at., tak.n possession al.ov. tvv.nty v a^ s^ \n'.l: \ T"''' ""^^ ^'^^ '^'"*?- '- >"-ter. 10 then, out of the eonnt,,- l,y force. h„t .losi," v.; M J'T" ,' ''"V"'""""'' '"' ^'"'"'^•- *" ''-- to d.^nythin, whieh n.ay ,lisp,ease. except ,.1:; bell^t;:;;;;'^^"^'-*' '"'' "^ ''' ""^ ^^"^"« -.1 ' ''-.::;::;;r;::s:;::r^ - ^^-^^ t;, "-;: - n-ont .. t,. a... or .. thoreahout, an.l to the tn.le ,.„.l eonunorce which thev have wlthn'Tnln'" "" '"'^ ""' '"'"'"^'^^ -'i t-ntories thereabout, an,l f,, „ ti ne to t n i t ' ' '^ ' ",'"' '"'^' ""' ^^^' '•'^•-«- ->'^•"^s ;iecesso..s have taken possession of seve i^' :^r;u; 1 1 r^'"'"' "^ ^"'■- ^f^^i-'^t^s Royal pro- ^^ Chn..n ^^ies.y have eve. heen known to sLl ^ t;:^::;^-:'! r^i^;*"" ^"^^^^^ "^ "^^ ^^- coveHeits^,!:::" c:::'n;r.:;;:;t:,:ft «; "Vt"-'^ "' ^"--'- ^^ -^« ^^«- they .liseoveml a river at the hotton. o th ai 1 n i'""'' ^''"'""' '" ^'•^' ^^'^^'-'-^^ l<"*ch, Indians, an.l havin, n.a.le a league o i X w ^ :!:" 'r'-^'^J T' """" ''"^ '"'^^ -^'' -^t've chase,! ho.h the river itself an.l the an t, v. ''^"'''*"'" "' ^'"' ^^^i'' nver. an.l forn.ally pur- ln,lM.ess Prince I^,pert,,ein,prinei^Hv: It ;^^ ^;"r '^ ^''^; "-- °'' R-I-fs rivi^his of Your .Mai..sty, was calie.l Charles fort an to.^k ^'•^'"•■^''"';")-'^"d l.uilta fort which, in honour t^r>,for, thereahout in the na:ne ofVo .^ . ^'n i irZ, U ' T'' T"^^ '"'' "^' ''" '"-' '^"'^ r^r-ir-"^"^' '-'^ -' -- ^^- '--- ^ ever, all the said Bay an.l the stroi.hts teli ",:;;"' '^JTlT ^''"" ""^ ''^'^'^ -«-'^-- ^or an.l territories, rivers and islands in an.l ah t^ 3 tv n.Uh: T" ^ 1"'^'f ' '"'''' "^'^ ^'^ '-"^^ That the f„ren.entione.l a..een.ent ...le I. ; V ' " "'' ^"''^""'^ ^"'"^-^^ *'-- repeated and conHrn,e.l with on: cXB'^Lt"^ "''' ^''^ ^"'"'^"•^' -- "^fterwanj, within the sai.l Bay. with whon. Ar.n.sic^.r F i.^ 7 l^ ' ^ 7""- "' ''^ "^"^^''-^ "^ '''^ ^'""'P->y di.l conciliate a good intelligence an.i a.nity vi , ' it . • ''"^''^''^'^''''^ ^^^'^ ^he 8th Octol.er. HITS i" ^;"il;ling forts an.l n^akin^ settlenie n^ , ^'T w'"^' of any injury .lone by the Con^pany l^nds thereab.,u, asMonsieur De la Barre, hi.s HZ:::, h';i; no:!':;"' '"•'^'"'' "''' ''^'"'''^ '^ '^^ ArrKNim Hue. vir Hiidfnn'i liny '''im/nnii/'i Jiii/htf timi ' filtfiu. Iliiilmiii'ii Htf IK'tithiii to •'tiiirli'd 1 1 30 I. •toiMr AfHrNiiu. S..0 VII. Uiiil'i'ti'i H'l.y Hi'lhtt mill I'lmiri' MiuUiiii'ii lUy ('.i||i|i:ill.v'« {"'tltliili t" :\mtW» II.. iim. 554 Tliat ■^iiici- tlint tiiuf wi- have (•••(M'tcil utluT forl.'^ upon tlio fDants of thn Haiil li*y, in placoM more rfiimti,' tViiiii C'liiiatia tlmii t 'Imilcs K<>it is, .-itill iiiakiri;,' Hdli-niti ••cuiipai'tH iiriil a;,'ri'i'iiii'ii(i with tlic nativiis fur tliii riv»TH ami t»'irit(irif.>« whuri' wn have, with ^Toal i!X|ii'ii.st', ilLscuviTcil iiml iiiiiintaiiicd a trailt; and I'oiiiiiu'rci' wliicli wi- liiijn) will in tinif turn to our Ijonotit, ami also |iroiliioe u coiisiilurabli' uniolunient to Your Majesty ami the nation h and Wlii'ic f.iro wi- doulit not liy V iir Miiju.sty'.s royal authority and [iioti'ction, tlit! tlonipany wliic liiitli Im'cm I't' Your Miiji'sty 'it creation, --hiill \w vni\\>h'i\ to difcnd Your MaJi'sty'M undoulitcd rij,'lit an tlii-'ir own, witliin tlic siiid l>ay — wlicnin invir ;inv inition luit the wulijei'ts of Voiir Imperial Crown has madt; discovern's or had any conimercc, All which is humlily .suhmitted to Your Majesty's <,'riicious (■oiisidoration and Your Uoyal pleasure 10 By L'onniiiiinl of His Hoyal Hij,'hno»H the (Jovornor, and the Committee of said Company. UNESErHOUUH Al.llIN, Secretarif. [Treaty of Neutrality, IfiSG, Sec. VI., ,■<(//)/•((. Traiisaetions of the ( "oniiiiis.sionei'.s appointed toexeetite the Treaty, Sec. VI. supra. Act contlrniin;,' the Ilud.son's Bay Company's Charter, for .seven years, »Hiira, See. V. Treaty of Uyswiek, 1C!)7, Sec. VI. mijtra.] HudHon'H Buy C(»iiiii;my'i* . aiisw. rt"|irB- tflitiMiirt of KriiiH't', 17th Sept., IC'.ni. An.sweii of TiiK Hudson's Hav (\).mi>any,* l(j!)it, to tiik Fukncii I'apeu intitiu.kd "A Mk.mokiai. l-OU JrsTll'YINIJ TIIK PKKTK.NTION.S oK KKA.SCI-; To FoltT MdllilX i.N." (Cdjiy iihtiiiiii'il fnmi thu I'uhlic Itucurd Otlicu, Leiidon.) o/j Since the French desire a mor» e.\pri;ss answer to their First Paper, wherein they demand to be maintained in thu posro-sion of Fort Hourhon (which they aeknowledj,'e the Hnniisli call''d Port Nelson) upon this ^'round of their hnvini,' maile the first discovery and the first settlements, and being dispos- sessed thereof by the l'hi;.jlish in .1 t.'iiii^ of peace, saviMg the rii,'lit which the Hudson's l^ay (,'oiupany claims uiidei- the Imperial (!rown of Kn^daiid, both to this particular place of Port Nelson, and all the rest of thu May, within Hudson's .Straits, by tlie Law of Nation.s, — we deny tlie Fi'ench to be the first h side'. And the French, in this paper brinifini,' their jiretended riij;lit of discovery ami settlements no higher than the year l(')H'2, and their being dispossessed in 1().S+, we shall briefiy show wliat sort of possession that was, ami how those two actions were conducted. 30 .Mr. Radisson, mentioiieil in tlio French p.qier to have made tliis settlement for the French at Port NelsoTi, in ltJiS2, was many years before in England, settled and marii'-d an English wife, Sir John Kerk's daughtei', was in the interest and .service of the English, upon private adventures, before as well as after the incorjioratiiin of the Hudson Hay Company. In l(i(!7, when Prince Rupert and other nobles sett out two Hhip[)s, Radi.sson went in the h'iKjIc, (.'aptain Stanard, connnaiider, and in that voyage the name of Rupert's River was given. Againe [in] lOlilS, ami againe in 1669: in this voyage Railisson ilirected his course to Port Nelson and cast aiicliore before it, went on shoar with one Baley (dessigned (lovernour for the English), fi.xud the King of F^ngland's arms there, and left some goods there for trading. In 1071, three ships were sett out from London by the Hudson Bay Company then incorporated, and Mr. Iladisson in one of them, in the Company's service, settled Moose River, went to ^q Port Nels(jn, left some goods there, and wintered at Rupert's River. In 1673, upon some diff'erence with the Hudson Bay Company, Mr. Iladisson returned into France, and is there persuaded to go to Canada againe; there he formed .several dessigns of going on some French private expeditions into Hudson Bay, which the Governour, Mons'. Frontenac, would by no means permit, a,s declaring it would break the union between the tw(j Kings. But at last, the .said Radisson was secretly sett out with two ships by one La CJhaney, and otlier ])rivate persons, without the Governour's knowledge without any ♦ Eni'.orsucl — '■ Answer loft with Mr. Seer. Vernun [Secretary of State], 17th April, 16119." The memorial to which this is a reply has ii".>t been fourul. 1 , ill plai'fM more k'itli tlu> iiativiis null a tnuii! uiul e uinoluineut tu 'i)iii|iaiiy which liiti'd ri^lit and iiinl Crown han lloyiil |)lea!iuri* 10 \l,IIIN, Secrctarij. * * V on A Mkmokiai, 20 ilcinanil to be .■il I'ort NolMon) I being dispoa- s Hay Compaiiy IsDii, and all tlie |j to Ik; till' first I ])rovc tlie con- lit oi' discovery we sliall brieHy 30 Fri'nch at Port wife, Sir John s, before as well il)iM't and otiier er, and in that : in this voyage with one Baley left some goods ' Company then : River, went to 40 some difl'erence iuadud to go to expeditions into daring it would itt out with two ge witliout any nemorial to which f rdi'is fn.in any pow-is; and in Au"ih( Kis-' anivrdnf .1 .Iv .. » .1 1 brought a gnv..niourtnH,.ttl,. ru,.t..ri,. i, H » 1 . , ■ '""l"^"> "» ' 'm, which Imd .aid Uadissun Mp„n fi: . ' ; . '^^ 'T "'•'^'"^^ '^ ^' '•'•'-' -' "d s,.,, ,.,„ ih. '' in. '.':::: i:::: ::i;h!::;::;\;:.:';:^r'i! "" ""' '"" ':; -- '--^ ■ '•"-'' ^ n ^^.i-d -I- .h,.n d,.sM,„,.,, ,.. ,,'.., „ 1, • ;t "1- ; "'^"r " ■■ * '"'"'"'">■• "■"• ^'- -- ^ •"- 1 n .1,. a^..,, ,., ,^i,, '';,.'! "';:'"'" ^^f" Ha ■ in s,i„„, which had va- '..•f"n.,anil upon -h d ,r T , '" •"'"''^^ ' •' """ """ ^ '''"' ^''--- a'"'"^ "^ 5-'.'i-i to tins phr:.f;;!;,Nl;;:;;;;'" ''"■'■■ "'"■ i-— "'."•"• -f this dat., is u.,. titi,. ..f ,h.. iMvud. lindi.son who did Ist h,: wrong " "''^ ''""^' '" '''^' '•'"-''^'' ''>■ ^''^' -'- '-„d /.f 20 Comphiint being innncdiafrlv nm.!.. by the MinNon Mav r'o.n,,.,,,. rj r i"t" France, in Ui«:t, found the .iliTts ofi; U f] ' T •' '^'■"''^■■^""•as -.on ash. .vturn.d t'.>nrt by the severa pubii." i h " K ii/'TK 7T ^'"" "' '"''''' '''"' '" ^''" '--•'' nwncd by his most Ch istinn Mi! V, I , " ' '■'"" '""" '" *'"'^'- ''''"' "'""" ^^'"s dis- in Fran^. in this iJr^ . Tl ' t n II i 1 '""'TV' ^^l"''' ^^"^ '"• ""' ''^ '' ^^'^ "--'^ .fllINT All'KMilX. ."<••.•. Ml. l/'I'ltDi'il III,,) ' '"lttfltl,UI*„ I ''•iii|.aiiv'il iai«\u.| t..|,|-u. ti'iilinn^ „( I'r.irici.. 17t|i H.'i.t., Ili'.l'.l. r on It tiieiv, re- store the ClLct; to the Hug ^h , 1 h •;: VTi the Kivnch wi,on. he had h'ft there, n the nay of Hudson. .W ^ ( 1 ' ,: ;:rr' 7'""""'^^ ^'^t' -'' I'-^-'i ""V right to the l>uke of York, then Govern:; i.c I ,' ,','''''''' '"i'"";"'' '""'^""' '" '^-^' < ''"'H- and t" .lH« .-ompany and goes with on wo , ,. J npany ; 1,- th,.. recommendation is iv.oncih.I .-iO Captain Outlaw wcnA Vunn.andc a Xe , /x^ T' '' T'"''"' "'^''''''^' ^"^"""^ ""■"' -"' «on had left, and the rest of the m n , u . 1 ^ "", ""'''l ' " ^'r '^''"""■^' ^^•'""" •^'■•- '^'^''i- English (who afterwards took se " HirH.^. Hrc"'"' ""', '"' •'"''^'' ^" '" ''""" ^" "'" stored to the Company about 1:^,.)00 , .. ^kin ^ , ^^.^Z^f T" """"^^ '"'" ''"^''^"'' "'"' - ;:;:;:t:r-;:dr,:r'^^-'^^^^^^^^ placed" ^^';:i::;:r;t:-;:e.::;':^ :;rm;r:i;:::':r;?: ^■•"^'-V -"^ ^^ -« prove, and we demand to be restored to the •„,.,• ., . . , '"'*-■ '''■"'^' ''M"^tiHc and "-« ' -■' ««.'i-"™;Hl:'f:!:^t: :::;,,:;;;';;;;: .;:t^r. "■";•","" •■'■""™ ■" 40 a time of peace, who weie the Hrst a.r.ovssor ■ „ , i i ■ ^ "" "'"' '•'^I'"^''i'««ng in narrative, Lid was the ^o.:!::u:^l:^7::::,^^^^ T '^ ''"'"^ '' ''' of when he declared the warr ai.vinsf, F..nn,.« ' " '"' '^^"J'''^^-" ^'■'^•'' i'^'^''''^ ^o take notice [See the French Answer to the preceding, Sec, IX, In/ra.\ Reply ok the Hudho.v Bay Company to ^T^wfh oi- t.if F.nvr.„ .« Memorial OF Deouction ok the Ric„t vm, TrT,. "'^; , ''"'-^f'" U.v.MrssAHiEs to the Bay, KTr., June, 16!)!.. """ "' ■""' ^'"'^^'^■^ "^^ ''^^•^•'-a^-" ™ IlrosoN [Ci.py ol.taincl from the Public (lecord Office, L<,iul„n | i^ive a full HudtonH Ray f-'iimpany'H riply t(i the Kivr.rh (•,,!„- inissaries, •'line, lU'CJ. r 636 ^'™^ !wIe.X.rTs '!"""' """'"'' ''■'"""''■''• ""' "^'"■-- ""l-l-rly infe.T.i, hy tho K.ench in tluMr s.i.l Sou. VII' '" '""'^^"' "r:'::::::,fr , '^ '^ ^^^ ;^ :^"'f"" ^'■"ttin^ tl.ei.- oyes against th. li.ht to allea,!.. that, ti.e English knew not the nT'r^r • nialveuttH.. several .l.scovenes an.l ri.rhtfull possessions n.a.le for the Crowue of Kn^lnnd ?^.^.t^Vt, "^ f "^,'"-" 7';''"^'" >" ;•"'• ^f^'-nal or Do.h.otion of o„r title, an,l we eo„l,l ...e hi.h.r if irw.^^: rr;;:?;. •"••'^•^'■'"1. ">.,1 shew that th. Unttai-.s, nmny hun.lre.l vvars l.efor.. tl„. V,u P .A,.,ll,. .' ... w..,:...' miflHaricM, .Tune, l(J!»y. ;^ V t 1 V '"""■ ".'"'^' '"""'•■'■'' ^■""■^ '"■^"••" ""■"■"'"" "f '^"^l-'l -..1 Wales, male u,ya.es o these Northern eonntries. which is sntfioient to eonfute the as,sertati?,n of the French that tho.s. countnes were unknown to the English. |;,.t it will sullice that we n.aintaine o„r .lis- 10 c..ver>es, our .severall voyaj^e.s. our takin;; po.s.se.ssion in the ri^ht of tl,.. Crowne of Eni^huKi, our E.eHish .len..nu„at,o„,s of the, .laces which they Justly n.tain.. t., this .lay, our fa.lin,^ with the ,s. va-e nations an.l our actual settlements .n tra.Ie, hal.i.ations, forts an.l factories, before ever the French Vn.ten.lVl to an en.ulat.on or knowle.ln,. of the placeas w,> have lai.l it down in our .sai.I Title. It is not ,lenye,n,ut that .some of those ancient v..ya^^es we have n.,.ntione,l ...i-ht he n.a.le in search ..f a pas.sa.e n,to the South S.-a, hut that ,loth not hin.ler l.ut that a .Ji.scove.-y n. ,ht he n.a.le If a ..un rey. seas or l..,-es wh.lest they a., in tl.a. p,„.suite is a p.-oper ,liscov,.rv ; -.n.^the pos^es^.^^ taken o such places, n. the nan.e of the kin. ,.r princ ..f such naVi.ato.-H, is a Vi^htfull pos .ssion or the whole tract an.l ten.to.y l.l„n,ing to such pla.- against any other prin.e ..^ pe.so, what.soeve ^lZ:^rTT"V'' '""? ';'■"": '•''^'"''" '"-''-'''' "> l.ol>alf..fthet'n.wne..fE;Un.;-'0 none of . h.eh the 1 .■ench can pret.n.l to l,nt with the san.e conH.len.-e as th,.v .nay lav clai.n to all II U ltf> I !l11frit>vtiiL- ^/^ ^U..... ,.:. „ II i 1 111 . . . * * Englan.l, which would he .hingerous to them since all th. invert that claim upon France. worl.l knows with what justcr ri'dit we mitrht •t * Itn.ay he oh.serve.l with what caution the French, in thi.s paper, d..e industeriouslv avoi.l the ~"'::;tr^^'"'''H' '; "'r r'' ""^ '^^ ah.n,callit\.!e Hay to the North ..?(-!: vl ucl ,s,.n t„.s nothn.,. hut to .show how ill founded their pret..nc,.s is to it, an.l that the verv nan,e I^tdi "■ '^''"""^;^^"^i '"^'->-^ thee-nptiness of th..ir Ti.l,. ; a...l v.. i,. all forn.er Men. i.^t fiS7 and n d.vor.s s.nce, they have owne.l the n,..,ue of Hudson liay, and we are not hehol.h.n to them 1 .ther tl-y w.ll call .t so or n.,e, nor .I..th it avail then, anv n.o.-e tha,. .heir late gi vin. the nana- of For" they have ha.l of the place and the n.an whose nan.., tl... sai.l Bay h..a.s t.. thi.s day, thev have atfi,.,..r.l n a ue me.,uu..l tlrat the saj.l Hudson passing h. , ..; ; ...wanls the No.-th. to Lueh f..r a ^ a 1^ nto the houth hea, .hscovere.l the .sa,.,e without .-ntering ...t., i. an.l calle.l i r, hy his nan.e which contains two noonoi. errors or f^Us^ties in it, .L.t because llu,ls.>n's voyage was ^o year L^.Ue Urn a Iclged. and secondly, because he entere.l into the Bay. gave it hi: nan.e an.f n.any o 1. r En- h nn.es to other places, w.nte.-e, th..-.., but pe.ishe.l hin.s..lf in the voyage. With equal ignorance U. v alleadge .n ti.e.r sa,.l M..nonaI. that in their sai.l e.xpe,liti..n, in l(iH2, U,ev nutting an En.dll ha k; f ..u. 3oston,.n New Engian.l, i,. the place, the.e happene.l to be one nVIsou in The said barke wh. upon h.s a.-r,val calle.l the -n.-utl. of that River P.u-t Nelson, which was calle.l ,so 70 year,s before by S lI.o.nas Button, fn.n. one Nel.s.,n his pilott. whon. he bu.ie.l th.^v as we have sett f.-.th i o.u TiHe" , but these a.-e sufficient to show the skill and rea.lingof the Fn.nch in th.,s,. places ^^ wdUsZ; ^l^l '' The interruption we n.ention of pro.s,.cuting tl..,se voyages, and the forn...| s..ttlin.. ..f a t,-a.le\y all prudent an ..afonall ,uen, ,..ay well be in.pute.l to the troubles arising and continu7n.. in ". hu f n.>t well ,u..H.,l t.ll the restoration of King ('harles the S...c,,n,l, an.Hhen res,.n.e.l and f u f . t cnivemen to be manage. bya,oynt st..ck, as they were afterwar.ls incorp..rate.l. But we ^^k the K.ench, w ...ther du..,ng tho.se doubles her., or afterwar.ls, until the year mi they ever took tl e le.s n..t .e of Hu. s... s 1 ay, or VH.te.l any part of it, by s.. o,- h.n.l, hue then it wa. tl at their env b e^n to nse aganrst a fa.le wh.eh we ha.l brought to yield .30.0(m beavers a ycu-e, which r.ever n .. uc .^ onesk,nb.,A,,.e norev..rhadnavigati.,nin the Bay but by the English' And wetrj I y^o hat .son.e pn vat.. • ..cnch,...u.. .l..signing secvt e..p..,litio„s f. envade our phu-es, they were forLlhy th .. Governor ot Canada, an.l cl.arge.l by such an invasion ...t to .iisfo.b fh,. \ . , ^ ^^ t, J """"" '"^asiou .tot to distill b the go.)d correspondence between rencli in their .said ,'lisli know not the i'eij,'iio cohinii'.s, to ifiphy, and wo are rdwiu! oF Kiinlnnd, lii,i,'hi T, if it wore ii^'l.md and Wales, turn of the Frencli iiiint.'iinc our dis- 10 ,daii(l, onr KMi,disli li« .sava^i! nations bVoMicli prctond'd, ti^'ht be made in might ln" made of lid tlie pos'-t'ssjon lull |io.s.session or •r.son wliataoeve. )Win' of England, 20 lay claim to all •r right wi-niigiit iously avoid the orth of t!anada, it tile vory name icr Memorials, in leliolden to them the iianie of Fort little kn(j\vledge 30 ■y have atfi lined li for a passage , wliieh contains befoi'ii the time / other English ignorance tliey English barko aid liaike, who ,rs before by Sr. th, in our Title. ^^ as th ri»..|, .,„1,„„ , :,,,,'," ,' ," """ "T' " "'">' '">'■ ["'•'■>' "'""• '"' '"I"™ '"' 4 n„.hi„, t„ .„„-i„„. „,i; i^:{^:t;'2;::i:::'t::^'z:Zu":i "'-"'rr "'«■•"■'■'"« or unknown, but nol„„h. is so we.k to thini ,hJ 1 '■ ^'"-.V/^i" ■" H'L'.r grants, places known is nghtfully and tnielyVoss,:: ui ^ ^^^^If ^^ '^ "^T rT' '"^ ''''' ^'"^ '^'"^ of all ; but whereas the French would liav lo I'm 1 tf ( 'I I'T .r\ " f " " •"^""' "'"•"•■'^^"«'* parts of their JJominions in the world if the co 1 1 it is '11; II ' T, r^'' ""' ''"'^'"' '' '^"^ Estotiland are on the north of C.mad.i b.tb K-i . ' v ' "'"^'' ^'"'^ ^'^'•'•" ^''^'•t^''-ialis and wedon..thearthat.he; av • n 1 h. ' % '"^'"^''" ^''""'^ '^"'^ «-'-' ^^'^. -d inferrence which they n^i r h f U e ^Xl l. T. "' T'^I'T '^'"^"^ "^- ^^ ^'"- ^'"-■'■""^ mg of Canada to ,he French, what need was there of ivserv /. 1 J/' • 1 "' ""''''''" . least eontigeous to or dependant on Canada, the k, w 1 Cf '^ W^^f :!; 'T'l" "f "' '" much as known to the French but navirr.,f,.l ;., fi r ■ V ^^"Kland, and not so Canada itself f .r several yeaiJ^selr^^l, ^ 'Z t:^^^':;^^^'- '^ '^^-^ give us, to atfarme, that if treaties availe anythin^/vith „ f ^^*"'^^^''f "^casion they justly itself, for that there was a gieat sum of nX o^irnai 1 . P' T'"";" ":'•''"' P""''"^'"" "^ ^-""^^^'^ which never was paid to t.ds day, and l./TS. ^ ^' "/j.^: t, p!; J' "^ f ^^'T '" '' answer, do confess that they had no forts on tl... coasts of H, i ;'""''''"'*• f '''^ ^••'^"ch in the said anoUier paper they date thi. discovei, L;;';i:s; :;:K:;lttI.l^ 30 weake, because they had a tra.le by l,.,k,.s and rivers since tliose J-L " " '^ " ''"''^ .nunication to the benefit of the English in Ilud^ ' iwls t he f" T T7 """" ?^ '''' ' ^«- are 700 leagues distance by sea, and They may as we l2 1 e „ t , ' 'i' T ' ""''""'' "'"'^'^ and France and is communicable to botl thi ; em . Z 1 e 1^ di'l T""', '*?""" '^""''^"' We believe no authantic acts about taking possessil n ' ■ L 1 ^ "" ' "' T"'^"''^' the sovereignty of the French King, that ca^ vny way art "t he i , ' "•";'"" "'"'^""^^■'-'S^ ;- "...i-. Hay. We kmiw the^-rench .-0^1^,:^ [;;di;; ; .^^ ^Stl^.l'r- ''^^'^ IiKhans not to cmiio to trade at the Company's Factories 'Wui v. "" *'''*' P'^''^'' are so, to trade where they please and liL .'st^aH luu. I'lluil dir'" '"'' ""^'^ ^" '^^ '^^^ ^"^ 40 i. w.::;;; b:3; ih::':^;:;:;;;;:::';:- :;;;;:- x- -^^ ^- '■•^■'^'> - ^-^^^ '^ ^-de and whitm. Kad.son and Desgro.ih^s^e.; entertai:!.^' siw;:! t^ ^!!:L::::.:::zTt [ '"1 ' ^"•• and beginnings, what is ,0 be inferred from that > Had tliey been Sail . ^"^^^avours it was free U- any nation to entertaine and employ them "thse; R^r" T ^ ""''""' p.eteiide.1 that we had no knowledge of the Bay, befoit we n oy h^ 1 ^or lUds"'^ T n '"^^ '^ /il.ers were no navigators or skilled in sailing to make a disc le ^ bu '" I'v , '" ^ ''^"■"■ arrive there, liaving the language of the savages, an.l so canlb e to lit th ^ "' •^''""'•' the voyages were conducted by English seaiiu'i . nd En'lir i Itt W w 1 1 '^""V" ^'-'^ «•'* Incorporation or Charter in ,.70, by King Charles th.rs:.. ttho^,U' X C '''''""" ''' give them any right, or dispose of any lands or countries wherco? tW ! i. 1^ . "P""'' '''"""* 50 we have denyed any legall possession of France or that FrZlr ll ■ ^^^eZ ^ Tir^^""', ''"' OT-^sitiou 0^ t is ,.per pretends,, or at all, till their myiist incroachments a d y^l 'T^^^'l'"''' said, to wh.ch they have given no answer; which was a private piratical expedition, 1 Uj M^ Al'PKNIlIX. sw. VI r. Ulllhnll '.« liny Uii/hlf iind I'liiimn, Hml,«,,n'.i Hay 'ni|.;iiiy « n-|ily tu'th,. I''n tich Com niisRaiii'H, •lime. Kill!). n Joint Api'KNnix Sec. vir. Riijhtf ii'tvl Cfaimg, Hudson's Bay C(>ni|iaiiy's rcjily to "the French Coni- ir>iB.-4ari('s, Jane, IG'Jl). 558 ijs in insn, an,I .lisowncl l,y his nu.st (-hristian M:„ sty .s w. ].,uo ropeatc.i allM,..st i„ all our papers. And lu.H,,n.l.y !u.,rown.r.u,n.ntsiK.,o lai,l ,luun. we ,l„o in.sist np.m th. vali.litv of tie said .1 arte.. a„,| (.-ant. and that Ku,, ( -haries had Full power to dispose of th' se places and countries in .ho th.o^^.. all j.retended Grants ot Franco to j.Iaces she never was loKallv possessed of. The answer .saith that in l.lTo the inhabitants of Canada .sl.nt a .ship into the' Northern Bay, ent .ed ,nto J,ourl,on K,ver and w.ntere.i there, which the English call Port Nelso... We know nothin.: o thrs ac.on hut chal u,, then, to ,.a,ne the ship and con.,..ande... and we desi.e to know when thej the year 1G)4 whe.. they tooke .t .n the late wa,'. and we .etooke it i,. HI!,.;. A,.d' if the confident 10 nnpo,se,,.,o,F..enchnan>,s ,.po,. places hut as yesterday, will create tho.n a title they nmy soon W claiine not only to Hiid.son Bay but to half the world besido.s. • ^ In the next paragraph they .-ecite again the action of 1G82, and they spoak t.-uly that the habitants of t anada .sent two ships with the said Jladisson and De^g.-ozUie. but had tl ov any authonty oronler ..o... France or f,.o,n ye Governor of Canada^ On the contmry wer fo.'bid Ind aen h .nako the date of tho.r posse.ss.on and of tlioi.' .-ight, and thou.d. the F.onch s.v wo ,nnl-e . T J. what passed in 10.. we thi... they .h,e .lot observe that ou.^ou.p,ai.;;: '1,:^^;;.. 'l^ i:^:,, t!.atp,..at.eall oxpo.l.fon ... KiS. and tho' in sou.e n.ea.su,.e we .ighted ou-Jlvos in 1684 y t ve ha just grounds ot continu d con.pla.nts, which we prosecute,) i.. the (^.u.t ,.f F.-ance • and wL,t Z A .n the yeares 168G and 1087. when Messrs. Do Barillo.. an.. Bo,...,,., wo.-e he,.;::;., ^^ i^^^ .s to be fou... on ..eco..,l. as also what the so,.ee of the then J.or,is Commissioners was upon the whole matter, and the hnal resolution of the Kin- «-"• "^-''^ -Pon their unjust invasions in ho bTt ""Z:"'^'""' "^ Z"'''' -"' - -f *''-• i'-tlHM. i,,i,...y in lo,SO, when thev dispos.scs.sed ,s .f the bo torn o he Bay we.o the consecp.ences of that. We know the French too wdl ,.o to b awa e that they winch mvadod .ts so ,.,,„.stly i,. 1082, would p..oseeuto their a.lvantage an,l pu.-sue us TvUh injury upon .nju.-.os. But we a,l..,.t at their n,.ging that it was a tin.e of peace In 1 084.^ Was i not a .n tune of peace ... 1 082 ^^ e.o ,.ot they the first agg.esso.s ^ We will put the whole ...after upon t l.t ,.ssue^- who we..o the h..st agg..os.so..s ? If ,082 bo bofb..e the yea.-s 1084 and 1080, we think' w need no furthe.- exa...,nat,on. D„l ,,ot th.3y begin a piratical war.-, in ati.ne of peace between th tw Crownes ? Is .t not lawful „. t.me of peace as well as warr to .opell force with tlrce ? This see, to be urged only as , were to p,ev,>nfc ,,ur ag.ivating our co;..plaint,s by such inju.-ies recVl in a tin.e of peac which neve.tholess hath an,l w.ll be tooke notice of. ^ ' It,.mybead,niredatla.stto.seetheF,.enehp.-ete,vltheirlo.ss,.satt retaki,.g of Port Nelson (wh,ch they st,l call tort Bo,.rbon without any .-easor.) ,,o exceed the lo.sses sufle..ed by the 1 n.HisM n th..,- mvas.on at thebotto... of the Bay, not to insist further that their invasion was in a time of peace m 108C as bef,n-e noted. an,l our recovery of Port .Nf.dson wa- in a tin.o of wh.t i„ If'or . d...,,,, ,„.d. out i„ ti,». y^r.. „,,„, 10,2 u, ,o«7, wi,„„ tw -i: Jn,;,:;:.:'U" t.iTtb.r '" Ml all our papers. ility of tlie said 1 countrio.s in (lie \' of reiison over- e Nortlicrn Bay, k't' kiKiw iiotliini; now wlien tliey calk'fl.;'>..^-. '''' '''''""■' ^°'' *^'>e ^"tlior of closin« of the whole dispute '''"""'' " '''' ' "'"'=^' '^'^"'"^ '"'' ''^ '^ '"^'^^ ^-'^ satisfactory Crowne which cannot be alt^nadth^t tit ;^r'^"^;"'" "" '"''"^■--•''" '''o'l't from the said 10 answer brcn^htoniy wro4::;;;::^i::;:i;::^Zi:;:^^^ there can be no damages civen nor resHtnUnn f 1 ^''\'^" '-" '^'^ "e'o fully replied to, that wi.o.e B..V .,,,, s„,,it, of »„*„ .„j to .,» »>:ti;,s sr,;»t't'7^^^^^ ' t "r «npi>ort the Coi»i.any of Hudson Bay in the recoverv -in,! ,„,„,,„„ t , I J""-'' '" thatt»„e .il, he totally ,„,t .„,, f.lLto the Zro? e Cr'n,.: • "I'.'.^Vr T"''" the pos.se.ssbn of those forts or «„,/ f,.,.f i ts; upon pany^n!tZ:;^:::ffttr;nf:^^ -^ - com- mand in their own proper ritd.t not only to be niaintai d i e po ssi n' of ':;r7> f "^"' •" t" bottom cf the Bay but al.so to be restored to their factory of ¥^7 Vt in Po t N ' ./" *'' faction for all our damages and a full recognition of the said Blace nn / u' '"^'' "^'''^■ 30 England for the future and the sole tr..d ■ ..T ■^ '^''\P^^'^ ^'^^ terntones to the Crowne of as rightful proprietors ithesaL "'""= '" ''" "''^'^ ^'^>^ ^"^ ^^^^'^^^ «f I^"d- Joint Api-kndix. «.c. VII. Hiiilmin'a Ba;i Jliilhln niul ('faiiiiH, Hudson's Bay CciiiipanyV n!|ily to the Fri'uch Com- inissiirica, June, loao. 4G H.nso.vs Hav (-ompaWs statement ok ti.k.u T.tu: aktku Tueatv o. Rv.swick 1700* A deduction of tl... Right and Title of the Crown of Great Britain and therein of Our ^r f P ' • Sovereign Lady Queen Anne, to all the Strei.d.ts Bays Se^s RiC L / ?"'/^^'^' '^•'•'^'^'""'^ Hudson. Bay Lands. Terrii, .ies and Places whatsoever wiUiin' Hu^^C^^ ^ ; an^ H.r ' '/'^'^'f^'^-^' ^=\f Rights and Property of the Hu.lson's Bay C-mpany deriver^; .^tf ,^^ " V^^' '"^' '*^^ '^'"' ^''^• Britain by Letters Patent of L.corporatL, and a Fre Gran of a 1 ' p' l' "' ""'''' Charles ye Second, Ao. 1U70. i ^ i^icc Giant of all the Premises, from King That Hud.son's Bay (with all that belongs thereto within Hnd^n.,' «^ • . . • x, was ii,.,,t ..iseovere,, ,,, .Sr. «e,,a,tia„ Cahli O.^^l' iS „" t" Het^t fs:.^::* f "'"" Lnghsh names to several places of the said Bay ^ ^ Seventh, who gave Henry Hudson, an Englishman, sailed to the Streitrhts and Pn„ e i,- St„i,h.a„„HnW» Ha,., an,, hee,» .hat „e ^^:i:^ ^^.^^^TL'Z^ZHl^J^f--^ ! 1 Joint ArpKNiiix. Sec. VII. Hwiiion's Bail Riijhls ami ('lainii. Hudaon'B Hay Coiiipany's deduction of right. 1700. 660 world, and even in the maps of the best geographers of Franco. The .said Hudson .stayed a whole winter tliere, took pos,session thereof in the name of the King of England, traded with the savages, and • gave names to several other p.irts of tlie Streights and Bay. Sir Thomas Button pursued "the discovery and possessions of the afoi'esaid Hud.son, sailed into the Streights and Bay with two ships and particularly into Port Nelson where l,u wintered and buried the conunandcr of his shij) there, in memory of whom he gave it the name of Port Nelson, iind called that particular bay Button's Bay (as it is still called in the maps), took po.ssossion thereof in the name of his master. King James the First, and gave several other English names to other places in the bay, and erected a cross there declaring thereon the right of the Crown of England. Captain Luke Fox, by command of King Charles the First, made a voyage to Hudson's Bay, and 10 amonf'st other places entered Port Nelson, and finding tliere the cross erected by Sir William Button, with the inscription defaced, and almost worn-out, he erected it again with a new inscription, declaring the right and pos.session of his then Majesty King Charles the Fir.st, iiunied the adjacent country New North Wales, and published a journal of his voyage. ?iii«HimiYof('. — That the troubles and civil wars which soon after bn ke out in England, might be one i)rincipal cause whv these voyages were jiot pro.seeuted, trade in general then failing, and navigation and discoverys wanting the encouragement of the Government — till afier the Restoration of King Charles the Second. Yet it is observable that all that while (for so many years) that those places and countries lay neglected and unfrequented of the navigation or conmierce of any European nation, the French do not in the least pretend to have then visifed t;. .se patts, or to have formed a poss'ssion, or atti'iiipti'd 20 any commerce with any people upon those coasts, nor do they pi'etend that ever any French vessel sailed Hudson's Streights or H' dson's Bay till of late years. It was, then after the happy Restorati> n of King Charles the Second, that trade and connnorce bef^an to levive, and in particular that from noblemen and other public-spirited Englishmen, not unmindful of the discovery and right of the Crown of England to those parts in America, dcsigneil at their own charge to adventure the establishing of ii regular and constant trade to Hudson's Bay, and to settle forts and factories, whereby to invite the Indian nations (who live like savages, ninny hundred leagues up the country), »ni'» Bay Coiii|iiitiy'» deciui'tiim of right, 1700. 11. JdlNT ApI'EMUX. Sec. vir. Hutlmii's flat/ Jii(l/il.i iviU Hiulsiiii's liny Company's dt'diictioii of righU, 1700. 562 Bay ; before wlucl. Cornnussioners tlu. ri.l.t an,l of t'cw "^'^^,7^^"'^*- "' Hu.i.son's and Bay of Hudson w.a.s then clearly a.ade out w ch M.l P , ^ '""' ^° ""' ^''^''« ^^'^'^'r^^^' -t unjustly keep possession of the ^^uU-^^J^t^^ ':;!^ ^^f T' "'''■"'' ' ''' ^''^^ ^"" will become .sole n.aster.s of all Her Maiesfv'. , . ^'^' ^° pernntted to enjoy, they ..■e:.t extent, and the un^l^Z^ul^^TZ cZnTGZ'^7''''''':\ '''"'' P"^'«' ^''^^ -^ '^ Her ^b^esty. ^l^eets. especially to uJlli::!^ ^^"7;^^;^:^'^^ ^ k"^ M •" ^" plantations in America. northeiu pajt.^ of Her Majesty's 10 ers I 10th July, 1700, The Company's claims aftek the Tueaty ok Ryswick Hudson. i,.y ^^'^ '!: y" IlonourahJe the Lords Co^^missioners of Trade and Plantations.] ' Company's Hio innits which the Hudson's Bay Coninanv noneeiv,. f^ i « „ , f^^ French and them in case of an excluu.le o TZsa, d tLt i e Co"""'^ " '°""'"''" '"''''''^ ^'^^ e^rr^K St-ights and Bay, which of right belongs to tlm^iJ J '" "^""^"'^ '^"'""^ °^'^-" *'- whole '"' Faet^^'r^: b:;::fi^h:'b::;::;:3 Cs^;:;£;n:r:rn,"^vr''^ -^' ^-- northward, on the we.st or main coast ^ ' ''^""■'>' "'""^'^ Chcchewan, to tho which belong, .0 L HuJ Jl'.Bay Co" W '" '"' '°"'"''' ^'"""''"' '"' '"' '""' 5. As likewise, that neither the French or En^'li'^li .shall it nnv tl,n» i n . , , contrary to the aforesaid limitations nor i,wh-,.n ^f ' , l-ereafter extend their bounds act. of hostility to the clistu W o t S f 1"^^" Tt """' °^ •*"" ^^''"^ "^''^••' ^ ^^ very reasonabi; comply with, for tla e; ^ ueh ni^^L: Ji' T "^^'T'T'-'^ ^^'^ ^--'> -^y ward betwixt Albany Fort and Canada to'th^m ^ ^h r^nr n Ttl . " -""^^y/o-'tH-oast- 30 but also a much larger tract of land than can be sunnotd o be to S !' "' '"'"' ^"'' depriyed of that which was always their undoubted ri^^J^^t '"'"'"'■ '""^ '''' ^''^"'P'^'^y i.pot;iti:!;:,^::!:;:f,^::i— ' - thm. it winb. the trade answer their charge ; andlherefl if ^ r td pf cYnn^oToS T ''' '""^Vi "°^ ""' sitions from the French but that tho^^ ;n«;.f f i ,, 'Pf *^.''°"°'^ ^^^^in these so reasonable propo- .nd A,>»„, Fo,.t, a, i„ tl.l UtitulT'^;!.:, »! I'h I'lhro"'' "'""" f'"""'^ "'' ^^''"■ .h„e., ro, .he, V „eh „ .,«. „„ c. u,e in:::::^:.^?::::^:^^^: hTrs By order of the General Court, ^q Wm. Potter, Confirmed by the Court ) Secretary. O.j •' — Court ot the said Company, 10th July, 1700. ^'^ VsTZl '''•^f ^^'^-^:T- ^f ^'^ H-d^on's Bay Company, or eitker of them. leto m .''^^ ~^P°" ^'^'^^'^^eration of what was this dav offered to f ha r \j n ■ ■ ,^„„.. .h,p. hav» com„..„Jea ,„„ t„ .e,„.i„t j,„„ ^jn u,,;, j^,,,.^ ^^^^ ^^^ j^^__|^«'J_ Co,„p.„,, „,„., Wd- Lords Com- missionera of Trade t Hud f^^ idea to examine iiru to all ■ Her Majesty's 10 es between the tain the whole ild any House chewan, to the nor build any last. otherwise, nor 20 Albany River Hudson's Bay 'ise, nor build , on any land I their bounds either, in any ! Frcncli may ry south-east- 30 t fertile part, the Company Qk it will be fich), nor will mahle propo- ly and] York means agree be retrieved. 40 cretary. I r)03 t^colruo'thetttrn'' communicated to them, whether (in case the French cannot be prevailed with .To., to consult to the settlement of the boundaries j.roposed in your Comt of the lOH, Ink- ^^■■'■''nm.i. tho lat, tude o ..2i degrees, w.th whatever further that Court may think advisable lo pro„o e '(',"'"""'' ^"^ sie F;^:eh in h:Z':b:;' '^ ''- ^^^ '-^' -''--' -^ ^'^ ^''^^- ^-— ^'^« ^-^^ -d sp Whitehall, January 22nd, 170?. ^- ^[oi'I'Le]. issioners for their Lord- To the Right Ilommrahh thn Lords Commissioners for Trade and Plantations. ' The Hudson's Bay Company havin. lately exhibited to your Lordships their resolution of their Bar -UHl thoul tl. r' ^^ ^' f ' ^""'='-'"""= "'"'t'^ I'^'^^veen then, and the Freneh in Hudson's Shi; r" ,"^'r^ ""'"°^ ^"^' '^^^ '"•^'•"^ "P°" *li<^i'' undoubted right to the whole Bay and Streights of Hudson, as has been clearly made out by them : a ^ i l ^^ ijay ana Yet in obe.iience to your Lordships' letter of the 22rul inst., and to show how desirous thev are to ompy therewith as much as in them lies, and is consistent wilh their future s ff ty r;- uff ^h r olfei. to your Lordships the following proposals of limits between them and the iV.icl/in Hudson's Fnnf^" ^^"^t,*^^ f 'y;^''' ^'« ;i"'itod not to trade by wood-runners or otherwise, nor build any House 20 coast '^' "■ " '•"' """'^^■"'' "' ^'''^"^' '''''''•' ^'"'»--l>^ -'l^J Checheawan, on the .^'rnZ2 House Fartn?,?r?^H'"""^'"'''l"^"°*'' """^^ ^'^ wood-runners or otherwise, nor build any iin or c'elr " ""'' °' """'^"'^ ^"'"' ^'"'^'^'•^>' -"^^ ^^^ I^^-, on the eas^ nbr kn^l^uiv'nT,'''' f' ?' ^"^"r'' !'^'°'\'"''' "" ^g'-^«'"«"t. ^o engage not to trade by wood-runners on tit weir Lo' " ■''• "; , r' '° ^'^"^ •^°"'''""'^' '' ^'^'^"^ l^^^---' -"l»'-'ly -"^'^ Checheawan, on tJie ^^ est coast, on any ground belonging to the Hudson's Bay Company. anv Lt'^'Zlr" '"'p'^'Vr ^'^'^^•'«^"""t-l ^^^ ^^ trade by wood-runners or otlieiwise, nor build any House, Facte. y, or tort to the southward of Hu.lson's River, vulgarly called Canuse River on the east coast, on any ground belonging to the Hudson's Bay Company. ' '' mJ'!!"^^!!^^?'' T fVf ""V"^ ""''''^'^ "' ""'^""' ^^'"" "^ *'- -'-t'--^ of Albany River" olfurweslT f ''l '/'m '^ '" ''" ^"' ^'^^ "' ^"'^^°"' '>''"=' *° ^'^ -"^l---' "^ Albany the Jf '^''"'^•V^.'^^r.*''' ^'■'"°^' °' ^"^''^'^^ ''"^" '^* '■'">■ t''"'^ '''^'•^^^fter extend their bounds contrarv to nobtihty, to the disturbance or detriment of the trade of either nation. 40clainf!;^h^Xen^?""'T"'^"'''"^ '° '"•'*'" '''"P^" ^■""^''^'"" *'^°y '"'^y ^« «««»red from any 40 cla m that 1 as been, or maj- be made on them by virtue of the 8th A^Mcle of the Treaty of Kvswick tl irtl. " """"■ "■ ''\';^' "'^""^' ^« "'^ ^-^^^ *"^^^y- ^"^ '^ *'- ^--'^ t k'fi t ' lept' fort ; ^'.""r;^"^/- ;-"'%' to exchange places with them, but not without settling of Knits for hat he said 8th Article which saith there shall be an exchange of places doth also sav^hat 1 mi s the other. As o the Company s naming of rivers as boundaries, and not latitudes the same is more Th tir;;rr Jnl'it Tzx^ -^■=-»P.- a,.. «.„,.,.., .„p;„.eZ: :'„:r other. " '■■""''^'^'' ''^'^ ^''^"*'"^ ^*^" knowing the one, but not the HudHon'ri Bay '.>ini|iany to liiTtls (,'(iin- niIHsi(.IH'r& of Tiadf, 19 J»ii., iroi. Joint Appk.niux. SacTvir. Huiiiiiii't Hay ('>'iii/iiin//'s ttiiililt „'„u Claim:*, HuiIhiiii'h Bay Coiii|,any to Lord Cmn- rnisaioiicrs of Tnide, 11) J»»., 1701. done, insist upon their prior a.'l unJouhtoJ X o , - "' " """'' "' ""^' ''"^" "'^'^^" the 1-Veneh never yet w;>„lcl strictly di.sel^,^^^ ^^^''^'"''^^ "^ »-'J-". which the. ci.i.), ..u,h the tir. step L thi .• 1 A^lt on;;:^! rec^U.^a •^rif ''' ^^^^^^ °^ By Order of the General Court of the said Company. ° " Wm. Porrisn, January 29th, 170?. Secretary/. State op the Company's Affairs, 1701-2. ^ To the Deputy Governor of the Hudson's Bay Company pZ^^^^^^'^^Srr^i:^^ - to si^mfytoyoueheir S-f^n.. -lation to the trade and secLity S tl^at pTacl aTtljfrc^" ^''^''''' ''^^ ^^ ^'^'"^ «^ '' ^^^^ - I am, Sir, Your humble servant, Whitehall, January 9th, 170^. W. P[opple]. 10 To theHonouraUe the Lords _ Com.nissi.ners for Trad, and Plantations. 20 Trade, 19 SheWETH : Jan, 1701, That the said Company beinij required hv v^nr t j , • . . m relation to their trade, and thetcu^ity of thcif efoTv in'Su^ '''' n "^' '''"' "^""""''^ -~>^ before your Lordships the true state and condition thereof! '''^"- ^'"^ '^" «"bmission, lay Bay,lj7t;:;^r j::::^;:^t:^t;;:;r^^^ ^'i rr*^^^ -'^^^ ^^ - --^-^-^ suice the creation of the world, till the year 10^ Zn v7 ''j''^ ',''"P '"• ^''''^'^'^^ '"to those parts P^ny), and then in a piratical manner vvithout an T^ ^ "' "'' '"^''''P^'-ation of this 6om- Maiesty. who was afterwards pleased [o di^I tie sa "2!'° i" "''r'^ '™'° "'^ ''^'^' ^'^^^tian 30 ready to prove. "^ ""^^ "'^ ^''"^ proceeding, as the Company have and are still These matters liave been.sofullv nn.l nlo..,.i., i . , With all their sophist., and e.uivoll^ tr:^.::t:l^tXr ^^^^ ''' '^'^ ^^^^ trade ^:p:::!:^^^^:::Zl^^^^^^ t.,_e me,an.holy prospect of their depionaUestateasthuseof tldsCo„ipa„y,forbvt 11. 1 ^t^i P'^ntations are left in such a as wel as during the late war, together witl the rdshtt ",''''"/""'='' '•'^^' '" ^^'"^ °fP-°« wick, they may be said to be the only niourners by th^ Zee "^ ""'" '^ ''^ '''' ^^^^^>^ ^^V- Ihey cannot but inform your Lordshir^i tl,af ^i i Hudson's Bay (of seven they Ln!:wt^:^l^:fT'''\ ''°, "^""^^"^ '^^'^ ^^ ^«^t in 40 bottom of the said Bay, where they a;e'surr ul'd W ITf!^^^^^^ ''Y Checheawan. in the ments on the lakes and rivers from C.na i ! \^ ^ ^'' "" "'''"'y «ide, viz., by their settlfi place »I1«J N.w S.v»rn, Wixt P»rt Nd,„; Tj a?, ' "j, ."""i 'T "'"'>' """'l'"' "o'tlemm, .i . Bay, 30 that the Comp; any this ■ny tliink them- Y liav<; always iud.soii, which ho weakness of kcretary. V to you their it to otfor in '[opple]. S65 kiiga™'. ° "' "'"' P""' "''"'■■'■ '■' "'■■■'J' "«S»«"'-'J I'y '!'» n,.„ut.ctua.™ ottl,i. All of which is htunbly sub.nitted to your Lordships' great wisdom and judgment. By the Governor and Company of Adventurers of England trading into Hudson's Bay. Wm. Potter, Al'I'KNIitl. Umlfim'ii Hay Jtiijlila unit Claimt, HuilKnn'H Bay ''I'liipuny til I.iM'dH ('mil- ininaiiiin'ra o( Trade, l!l •lull., 1701. Hudson's Bay House, the 19th January, 170 J. Secretary. rading into it necessary mission, lay 1 Hudson's those parts til is Cora- t Christian 30 nd are still themselves it of their in such a !s of peace ■y of Rya- \y left in 40 n, in the iir settle- ilso from •eturn of ent at a Indians tiny this 20 [Imperial Act, G Anne, Cap. 37, 1707, saving the rights of the Company. Sec. V., supra.] DISCOVERIES AND NATIONAL RIVALRIES IN AND AROUND HUDSON'S BAY.* The English Account from the Hudson's Bay Company's point of viEwf c^i^^sz:^s::.:!::t!'t^::t::^^^^ ^r ''- ''----' of'apas.ageto..c... ^aeg.esSmJ.J dentererk:;;^::^:^^^^^^^ into tlie' Edf 'fTrf ' ^- ""; -'''' ^''" ^'"" ''"^'^ '™"' ^^'-^--'^^ - '^^ -"- adventure came into the latitude of b4> degrees 15 umiute.s, and proceeded to GG de..rees 40 miuutr^s Tn H,. he ran to GG degrees 20 minutes, and coasted southward again tf 5 de^ ' siLtt^.e^^^^ t This account n,ay be regarded as .emi-official, much of the material, being derived from the Hudson's Bay Company. C6fl Am's'.ix 7'''''*^ Pi^sage, proceeded 100 leftr,„os further than any man had done before hiiu, till he could not ro ' Soo' VII ''"'^^■'^'''' /""■ '*''' "•"'• •'•'k'iI water; and tindiii;,' himself imhfiy'd, ho rcsolvM to winter there. In the /iwLr. n„„ "V'''"" "' "'"• r"''-^"'"*,' " f>"-flKT discovery, ho and seven more of his company were seizM, the rest of 'n'7u'ji'i '""* ""■'" '"" '"'"^ "■" "''^'" ^^^^' ^^^ committed to the morcy of the waves and savaj,'e,s. l)i«>nv.riH» We know 'tis pretended, that a Dane made the Discovery of this Streiglit, iind thnt In- nill'd it ?iv'aini.M"ir ^'I'li-'i'i'i'i. from the King of Denmark, Christian the IVth then reif,'ni..jr Hut C.p. Hudson wfis tho M"'l"m;'l"'' "I"" "■'"! '•'•^'•"vered it to tho English, and who indeed first sail'd ho near tho bottom of the Bay, as he Bay, dill within a degree or two. The same year that he dy'd, Sir Thomas Button, at the instigation of Prince Henry, pursu'd the same discovery. He passM Hudson's Streights, ami leaving Hudson's Bay to tlie south, settled above lo 200 leagues to the south-west, and discover'd a great contiiK iit, by him called New Wales. ]Ie winter'd at the place afterwards call'd Port Nelson, carefully aearcli'd all tho Bay. from him call'd Button's Bay, and rtturn'd to Digg's Island. In 1010, Mr. Baffin cnter'd Sir Thomas Smith's Bry, in 78 degrees, and retnrn'd despairing to find any pn.ssage that way. All the adventures made to the north-west, were in hopes of passing To Cidna. In 10;il, Capt. James sail'd to the north-west, and arrived at Charlton Island, wliere he winterd in 'rl degiees. Cap. Fox went out this year on the same account, but proceeded no further than Port Nelson The civil wars in England put discoveries out of men's heads ; and we hear of no more such adven- tures till the year 1007, when Zaehariah Gillam, in the Nonsuch, ketch, pa.ss'd thro' Ilud.son's Streights, and then into Baffin's Bay to 75 degrees; and thence southward into 61 degrees; where in a river 20 afterwar.ls call'd Prince Rupert's River, he had a friendly correspondence with the natives, built a fort, nam'd it Charles Fort, and return'd with success. The occasion of Uiliara's going was this : Monsieur Radlsson and Monsieur Gooselier [do Oroi.sselier], two Frenchmen, meeting with some savages in the Lake of Assimponals, in Canada, t" ey learnt ot themi that they might go by land to the bottom of the Bay, where the English ha;• >^.... " .■ ^ »■.,, „, .,.,. „, ..■»r<.|,',l ,1,., ,iv,.,- f,r l,„|i,„„,\„i ,„„ w rn " , »';'"": '"'"'■■I "' A»«u.., II17:.. 11„ 20 l,ltlc bc.v.r, H,« I,„lia„, I,avi„.- „„t th»ir bc.l t„ 0^7 ' ' " '""""" ""'' '"'"• I"' <. small s„,,ply „t Moo,o fl Jh. """ """ ''"' °^ """'''■ "'« ««v«nio„r roturnej, ^m All thi, while the I„,li„„ Ki„„ ,1 J ji j,,„ . .,„,.,' lhi-.y were a].pi-,,|,e„,ive .,1' bein» atUek'J by 8„,„. l"„i° „.' ? °, "' ' ""'' ""> '"""I «' i' was .Sai,„t the liMsli.1,. .„,! ,,„ tha^.l^ll with th 7 T tw'i , '""'"' •'"""" ^"^ '"'"»»"«1 trading with th. E„,.|i,h ; they ,.a,e the, ., « r, J or t ! ' "" l'"""'', "'!""' '" '"»''" "'« •«""•" aoye™„„H„cii„^i;„,e,„„y 'C o^wa ;::;;:t';rr';"'' °'" "?■■ '=''^"" ""■"'°™- 1'"' thither i„ their h„. to t™,e, whoj .he iXrheZ^,^: " t^Z^jlP'^' ''°"""" '" ■"■■« and there was no fear of the Fort's being »ur]>riz'J. ° <-usoudiJ«h were gone a hunting, .0 » ne^^rtlll^rth'at'r '^i^riSr oTtt ^S'°"r''V:r ^^'""*-- »' '- C«».aidah oa,„e in seyen »„o'„s,a„d tho^K^ gnroeUntth. In, S en T t^"" '" '''"= 6 ■foiNT Aii'K.sim. Uiiihuu'M Hay Itiii/iln mill * 'tnUHH, I)iii(!ini4riifii hikI niitiiinal rivali'ii-H ifi i>iimil boaver with thurn. Tiioy were of the nation culled Pi.shhapociinoeH, near a-kin to tht* Kskeiuioes, and, Bfty"'" ''"^'' '''''^"f 0, poor beggarly jmppJe : by wJiich wo may perceive the French ran away with the best of the trade. The Oovernoiir having got ovi,, MiiK; i -ly for a voyage to Mooso i^" ■er, sent Capt. Oooselier 10 Ciipt. Cole, Mr. Uorst my author, and other Ki ,'lish Indians, to trade there, iliey got about 2J0 skins and the Cii|itftin of the Tiibittee Indians informed tiiem the French Jesuits had not brib'd the Indians not to deal with the Kni,'lisli, but to live in fri('ndshi|) with the Indian nations in league with tin' Freiicli He blam'd the Kngli .li for trading with such pitiful nations as the Cuscudidulis and I'i.shapocanoes advising them to settle at Mooso Sobee, and tho Upland Indians would come down and trade with them Tlie n-iusoti thoy got no more peltry now, was, bi^cause the Indians thought Qou.selier was too hard for them, and few would come down to deal with lain. Mr. Bail}' sail'd him.sflf for Moo.so Sebee, and brought home l,.o()0 skins; tho Shechittawams, 50 leagues from that river, having cowio to trade with him. Hy the 2tth of Juno all tho Indians had left their wigwams near the fort, and were gone abroad to hunt and trade_somo with tho English and some 20 by thiinselves. Tho Governour undertook a voyage to discover Shechittawam River ; and thence intended to coast along to Fort N ' "our men well arm'd, up the Nodways River, which, as high as they couhl go for the i* alls, was 5 milt, broad. After about 2 months' voyage, Mr. Daily return'd and gave this account of ids voyage v- tho sloop. On tho lUth July he sail'd from Mooso River, and arriv'd at Schet- tawam River on the ISiii, where no Englishman had been before. lie stayed there till tho 21st, but could meet witli little or no beaver. 'Tis a fine river, and a good channel to tho N. W. in 52 degrees, N. L. Ho treated with the King, and his son made them a promise to como with a ship and tnulo with them the next year. In return, ^^ they assured him they v/ould provide store of beaver, and bring tho Upland Indians down. On the 27th July, the sloop ran upon ice, and had like to have foundcr'd. After he had returned to tho fort, oa the SOtli August, a canoo arriv'd at Rupert's River, with a missionary Jesuit, a Frencliman, born oi English parents, attended by one of Cuscudidah's family, a young In^lian. Tho Frier brought a letter to Mr. Haily from the Governi>ur of Quebec, dated the 8th of October, 1073. For the priest should have been at Rupert's River .several months before, but thai he was sto[)'d by the Indians. The G)vernour of Quebec desired Mr. Baily to treat the Jesuit civilly on account of the great amity between the two crowns ; and Mr. Baily resolved to keep the Jesuit "^ill .a ships came from England. The Tabittee Indians being within th'i Hudson's Bay Company's Pattent, 'twas an encroachment for the French to trade with them; the ..'"..•it confessed they did it. Mr. Baily cloathed him, the Indians having rob'd him; and entertained I. -.vilh great kindness. The Priest resolving to return to Europe in an Engli.sh ship, did not like a.-ot'v .c,- ney of 400 miles length, thro' many barbarous nations, overland, and a country almost impy.Mi'b,'' The EnglLsh were frequently allarm'd wi;,ii ;cp -ir, of incursi; ,.i» from the Nodways and {Aloose River Indians, whose quarrel with them was their selling too dear. i mily, and rosolv'd I8t waH nmdo. int down to th« til 11(1110. On tlio ii^'lit little or no KskeiinooM, and, with the best of Capt. Oooselier 10 about 2jO Hkiiis ib'd the Indians ! with till' Frt'iieh d I'i.shapocaiioes trade with them as too hiird for lechittawaina, 50 Indians had left I'Mish and somo 20 intended to coast s left deputy at as they could go 1 and gave this arriv'd at Sehet- 111 tho 21st, but with the King, ear. In return, ^^ )wn. I's River, with a lidah's family, a ;, dated the 8th before, but thai e Jesuit civilly p the Jesuit 'ili ,q n encroachment oatlied him, the nng to return to many barbarous rays and {Moose 869 ^^'P07,(;apt.(iillani,c..niu.an.fer,wL rnT^v:^^^ "'" "'"™ ''"^ •'"'''■"'"'"' ^'"^ ''''"-^ .1, ^^, ,|„. new (Jovernour, . I.lmm Lyddal. Ksq. Capt.Sh.Xt^.l.n!tr;arrlvZirt'm F^^^^^ ^"'"' ^^'"f"''^. >vl.ero the Shuftsfn.rv. i".stn.ction.s being read, all hands se . "t t'l .1 , " '" ;."\ ^—"■••« -""- -• -d >iK, tu M tit and loa,| , ),., ,shj,,s liome as soon as j.as«iblo. On the 18th iSentemiier \lr I I I i i i i , the pattent. Mr. LMnl. tindi,.: the ! "ti u!!lV"'\'''""""" ''! ^''" '''''^^' '^'^"^ '^^'i-^r''' ^"- 10 and load.... again, that it wouM L ■ ... "al. /" T"'"' '"^'''" '^' ^''''^^ '^''^' ' " ""'<->•'« - - timber, to build houses i. 0:^::^'^:::::::^.:^^^ -'^••-- fully of n.Jatlain . ^;:^ :;^;j;::^'';\^- to Kngland,infi,r..id the Company their trad,, and .ettlc;..ents. Tl^a . TL i;? T''"' T '^7 '''•''' ""'"^^-- ''> -~ faetoHes at other rivers, accordin/as^.;^:^'^ ""'' """'^'^ ^''^ «^^-^-"-' increase and chiefs of the 20 Co,„p.„,.s,|,i,,. "''°"°'' '" '"■'"S'lKiir morclmndizc to and l„.d it the,, aboard the factory, hut l,.,d not l,„i.„ i|,e,o „L„vc toJtlJ^.lT.T,' I '" ''?.^'"°1»"J » '"""-■■ »'-'"l' I «t that dmrted tl„ English, ar,ivod liom CnaZ ^ '' ""''''"*'" ""'' ^"l""" «»"■" ■"■ »-l>« but he remained at l',.rt Nelson wl, ! ^ ""'^^ "°^ strong enough to rep. them Mr.B..idger. The Fre..ch no^ ': ;:;;, ^ ^^0^ "h'^t''"'^ ""' ^^"^""^'-^ "'"-^ -- and commanded hi.n to begone fo, tharjlr R ' T'' "' *^'^ '""^ '^^'^'^^'^ '"'^ '^'''P ""'»^' <-^tdy place for the French KinJ th;ir master "" ^''''"° ^''''^'''' '^^^ ^^"^^ P°™io'^ ^^ the and Mr. Bridger and ho beea.n vermin {..^t' thf":"' ^f"""" '^""^•""^^^ '' ^^^ kelson Februa, following, when Kaddisson i^ ^^;;:;nd' 0^-;^^^^^^^ -^ ^ - " uie ^X^zz:p;^z:7: :i::!tr:^ :r '-'-'• ''^ '-' -^ — • - near Cape Henrietta Maria. B,.d.er and Gil a, Tl . '{""''' '"'^'^" "^ ''>' '^^ ^^^S'^^^J' "'l-P and Gooselier ra.i some of their carl Lho» w" 'if T ■ "^''>''™ *^ ^'""^'^' ''''''' ^^^^J^-- made their escape and got into France tL' Cn^T'"^ u •"""'"'' ^'"'''" ^'"P^°J-*^'-«- After which they 72 ^ ^°''- ■^''"^^'°P'^"^^'^^^°g°oticeofit,wrotetohim,andhetothe Joint Al.|.K.V|)U. a«.o7vii. CirHl/xtHjt'l Jitllkti ami I imt'Dvcirii'i awl imtional riviUiii* in aixt uriiiiml Hiiilnoiri liny. Joint Appendix. See. VI r. Ciimimiii/'a Jiiyhls and Claims. Discoveries and natii>nal rivalries in an'l around Hudiiun'a h&f. 870 Company, promising, if they would forgive the injury he had done them, and employ him again at such a isallary, lie woiild undertake to deliver the Freneh, whom he had left there till he came again, to them, and .seize all the fiirrs they had traded for, which would make them .sati-sfaction for the wrong he had (lone them. Accordingly they forgave him and employ'd him again, and he took Port Nelson from his countrymen. But betoie his arrival Cap. John Abraliair. had Ijeon there with supplies of stores; and lindiiig Jlr. Bridger was gone, he .stay'd himself and was continu'd Governourby the Company, in ICSl. In the preceding year, Mi'. Nixon, Governour of Rupert's River, was rocall'd, and Henry Sergeant, Esij., made Governour, by whose instructions we lind the chief factory was remov'd from Rupert's to Moose-sebee, or Chiekowan River, which lias ever since been call'd Albany River ; where a fort was built, a factory settled, and the Governour made it the place of his residence. 'Tis the bottom of the 10 Bay, below Rujjert's River. He was ordered to come every s]iring, as soon us the trade was over, to Charlton Island and bring what goods he had with him, to wait for the arrival of the Com[)any's ships. From thence he was to visit the other factories, and see that their merchandize was sent in due time to Charlton Island, to attend the ship's arrival. The Governor of Canada, having given the Hudson's Bay Company to understand the French were very much offended at their discoveries in tliese parts, Mr. Sergeant was ordered to be careful tliat he was not surprised by thcni. There is an island in the bottom of the Bay, called Hayes Island, where a factory had been settled This isle and Rupert's River were near the French, Albany being more to the southward ; and of these 20 factories the Company were most apprehensive that their enemies would endeavour to dispossess them. The Company intended to plant a colony at Charlton Island, and order'd Mr. Sergeant to build a fort there, anil always keep some men upon it. Warehouses were also built to receive the furs that were brought thither from the factories, and conveniences were made for the reception of such as were obliged to winter there. Orders were also given to dismiss Cap. Gillam from their service for his son's offences and Cap. Sandford had the same usage, on account of his relation to the Gillams. Ca]i. William Bond, who had been under Mr. Baily, was sent for liome; and other regulations made in the manage«ient of affairs, but all could not hinder the ruin of them all by the enemy. The Company, by their Governour.s and agent.s, made such compacts with the captains or kings of 30 the rivers and territories where they had settlements, for the freedom of trade there, exclusive of all others, that the Indiatjs could not pretend they had encroached upon them. These compacts were ren- dered as firm as the Indians could make them, by such ceremonies ^as were most sacred and obligatory among them. Now were the Company in possession of five settlements, viz., Albany River, Hayes Lsland, Rupert River, Port Nelson, and New Severn. Their trade at each of them was considerable. From Albany River they had generally 3,000 beavers a^ear; am" by Mr. Sergeant's great care and fidelity, their connnerce increased so much that the French began to be afraid that all the Upland Indians might be drawn down to the Bay. They knew they could do anything with King James II., who then reigned in England, and that no affioiit would make that prince break with Louis the XIV. Wherefore they ^q resolved to drive the English out of all their places in the bottom of the Bay. First they took Hayes Island and then the fort on Ruiiert's River. The B'rench Company at Canada procured a detachment of soldiers to be sent under the Chevalier de Troycs, who came overland from Quebec, and in a time of profound peace committed these acts of hostility. The 8th of July, 168G, the Chevalier de Troves came before the fort at Albany River, where the Ooveruoui-, Mr, Sergeant, then resided. Two Indians had informed him of their having surpriz'd the H 3 J him again at such mu again, to them, tlio wrong he iiad rt Nelson from his L.s of stores ; and Company, in IGS-i. d Henry Sergeant, 1 from Rupert's to where a fort was the bottom of the 10 1 Island and bring . thence he was to Jharlton Ishmd, to d the French were be careful that he y had been settled ard ; and of these 20 to dispossess them. ergeant to build a eive the furs that in of such as were offences and Cap. im Bond, who had igejneut of aH'airs, ptains or kings of 30 •e, exclusive of all oni[)acts were ren- red and obligatory yes Island, Rupert lie. From Albany and fidelity, their Indians might be who then reigned Wherefore they jq ; they took Hayes jred a detachment 1, and in a time of ■ River, where the ving surpriz'd the 571 for^^at Hayes Island and Rnpert River, and having brought with them the great guns from those I i * to ire distal:: t^:i:C;^fi^^t:^.f^T^ r\ '-' -•• - -- -^ ^'- - ^ «nlesstheyndgl,tbeas;uVd,.fp.y al,^^^ 7^^^ cleclard they would not venture their lives all their names, to the Ooverno.fr t'o 1 L T '^"''" '^'''''' *"° °^ t'^""" "'"">'^--. i" them doaths and other nee"! ; m.v il :i Hh ^i^^'T f'\«^'-^-"^' ^'^ P-'i- -.1 giving they n.utiny-d again, and Klias Tun^r t lul ' p! .ss" utrTe , " ^^'^ '"^ '" ^ •^">' "^ *-^ impossible to hold out the place, deciarin-/^ a ; T ' ''^"P';^;- '' - "Pprehension that it was lOAccordinglyhe wenttotlu-Q.v rnour Imldesr ' V'"" ' *'""^' ''''"■^^■"" °" '^^' F''-'"'^l>- aeath ineaseheattemptedi,heZ^:;;::r;:::t:r ::;:;::'ot';::^ '^'-'-' '-'^ ^^- unde^t^^K l:^:^^:::r;::J:2::^:^^:,z. ''- -'- -^ -- -- - -^ and damaged tL houses in the^r-ZuXhln^ made a breach in the flankers consented ta a parley; Mr. Bri l^r Zurb" hi? I " "'" ' '""" "' ^''-"-' ^'- «-eraour certainly be blown uf. Cap Outlaw a^oaZ." ^"^7^ T' '"'"'"^^ '''^'"' ''^"'' *''«y «^^'>"'J which a treaty was concluded ° ^ '" '"P""'"''' "^"^ "^^ ^^'"^'^ ^^S was hung out; after time; but all their soliciLoT™ in vlanVTn ^^7, ^-" '-^-''^ *« them in King James- were abandoned to the French ' " "^' settlements they had. Port Nelson Ixcepted, solic^:;r:oStb:l::^H:::^^r" n? *^^"^"°"^- ^^« Hudson. Bay company all the forts and factories which ^:^7.:::zrj^:: ^z:i;:::iz ^r '''' ''-^^ -'-^ capt'o^;:;;;:^t:::^;xi^::;;:;o;^^ S^"'^""^^- r?'-'- '^ ^-y- ^-^^ -- wit,. Governor of Fort Albany ; but his g ' Ini :: of rion'" ?" '''''^' ''''^- ^^ ^^^^^'^'^^ 30 French sent such a power against the En.li h tha hf f '""''""""<^'^' ^'' ^^ ^ Uttle time the in the bottom of the Bay. ° ' ^* ^^'"^ ^°"''' ^™'''^ ^^^^'n ^^^^^^ '^H their settlements t.>eyi!:iX':;:;7Lr;tt::r:;tr^^^ Company couhl raise to recover them " Government to send a stronger power than the -^"^^l:^^:^^r^X:^^ --- - - year Hayes, sent to sumnmn all the forts to surre ,der and 17/. « ^' "'" '""""" '"^" ^'"^ ^'^^' frig... the„ a F„.„ch p,iv,.tocr of Oo"! Ld w , k ,S '« '"' '■'""™ '" '°"S'""'° ■"'"■.'•««. man an opportunity to War away. "'" ™8»S«"ient, wLioh gave the French- Api'kndu. See. vir. Hudmrn's Bay ('illll/illllu's Jti!ilit.i and Clciiiiis. I lisciivi.'rieB aiicl imtion.-U riva'rii's in Jiiiil jirounti Hiulsun'a Bay, Jomr Appindix. Sec. VII. Hudaiin's /laV CiitniKtiii/'s RiijhU and Claimn. Discoveries and national riviilriea in and around Hudson's Bay. 672 As to the other two forts, thej-^ followed the fate of Albany, and Mr. Knight was restored to his govcrniuent; at which time John Gcyer, Es(i , was governour of Port Nelson. Mr. Kni;,'ht had serv'd Mr. Sergeant, while ho was Governour of Fort Albany, and was well acquainted with the trade. In the year 1G07, the llam-psldre, frigat, and Oivner's Love, fire :" after their t!" 3 l^;;:::^;:;!;:;:-;;—^^^^^ ^r-y -^-^^ their .ain. to I'is .said Majesty was so slnsi ble t irh wis fl ed tZ k .f"'"' ",*'""^ °''"'' P^''^*^' "^' ^^''-^ one of the causes and articles of lis decLI n If "1 " I T ^^'f '""•' '^ ^'""'^^ '" ^''^^^ '^"-'■ that the French Ki...^ should invade iTo y t f'^'"'""^ ^^' ^'■'"°'' ^'""^ '» ^"«'' ^"''■'-' • " But Province of New York Z^V:^^:Z^^:^hoT'' '"' '"' '''"^'^'^ "^ ^^"•- ^^"•"^-■•- "^ *' houses, and enriching his people w th t fe noi^of H '"'"1"' ''.'""^ ""•" ^'^^'•^- '^"'•"•"^' -'' -''J^^cts' objects under the hrrdships of j; i onm n a s '"0^: ^'J '""^^t'^'T' '^'^'"''^ •^°'- ^' «- ret to sea in a sn.all vesse'l. without food In, nee L^ suLoltTb ""^ ^' '"'^''' ''^"^^ ''''"'" '''^ ing an enemy, and yet he was so far from deelarinrbT ,f f^. f""' '''' ^'^'°"' "^"^ '-^^'^" ^'^'^"m- 20 here in England b/his Ministers, a t 2 of il ?,t an l"' i ^ ''•'' "7' ''""'^'^ ^'^^ "^-°^-^-^' your petitioners did patiently wait the end o th!X ^T. T'^"'^''-'^''''' '" ^'"^™"'" ^° ^hat wh.n a peace was concluded '^'' ''"'■' '^^^ ^°"^^"'S but to have justice to them JoiJJT Appkndu. Sec. vri. Ull'/.inll'.i Hny I'iijht.i ami Cfttimn. The Com- piitiy'^ pcti. tiiiM to (,tiieen AiiiR., mi. 30 then ^verweigh;:;^ m:;;:^ i;;r r::;r^::!:' r '''z ''■''' "^'^ ^'^'^^ -^^ ^'^^^ -- they found their condition much wse th Ji v. TT "^ T ^^^^^ J""'^*-*^ = ^^ ^y the said treaty were left in possession of such p aceTrtuated in Vr '?'7'-^'^ ^'^ ^^'^ -^-l^ whereof, the French peace which had preceded that war ''' ^"^' "^ ^'"^ ^^-^'^ ^^I^^^" ^^^ ^1"^'" J'^Hng the di lese the -hole Bay and Strei|,t;of HudCa. intt whM "T r 'f "^^''' °' "" ^'•''^^" °^ E"""'*^-! ^^ French side, and the matter re^idCetet^^^^^ '"' "''''^^^ ^"^'^ ^'^^^''^ -^ "«--'«^ on the had)]:'^^X^t^'i::rcr;.:::''::;^rn,;^;:;^"^^-^ T ^^ .-^(o^ seven they ..meny By their settlen,ents on the lakes anrrivj f" ^Llrr;;^ 'f ""/^""^'^ ''" ^'^'^''^ -l*^- -- also from Tort Nelson (at York Fort) to the on M? Vk" T'^'^'''^ towards Hudson's Bay, as settlement between Fori Nelson nd A ba ny:,f X^^ ^n' VT'' ''"''^ "'^^^'^'' '"^''° -«^''- «o ^a.e a part of your Lerican Zllli^r.^:^;^;:- ^^ 0.^ '^ tl^lr^n^"'^ ^' i^ponf :,:^^r:;;i::>f^;^'7j: — ^ ^^^--^ ^^^-^ ^--^^-^ ^- it ve. much ^liscouragements they have laboured unde an , r'\r^'''''''^r' """^^^ithstanding the losses and 30.(.00ancU0.000syns,.ranJ"A;rdo^,blt 'h' ""''"" '^"''''^ '^"'" *^-"- ^^tween in. to their charter, to bing the «aid::;r;^::^\S)oX:;:::::::::''^^^ ^-'-^^°- --^- French), as with whale-oiCwhale-bon; (of wh^Ma t vouT T"' t" ""^ ''"° "^^ ""^^ ^^^ "- ne, (01 whicli last your subjects now purchase from Holland and 574 aSix. ^'"'"'^"■V' *o *^« '^a.lue of about £20,000 per annum, which may be had in your own dominions) besides _A- many other valuable commodities, which in time may be discovered. Sec. VII. mih„n's Pay That if the French come to be once entirely possessed of Hudson's Bay, they will undoubtedly set mhtTai'i "l» ^\'1'«'''^ tisiiing in tlioso parts, which will greatly tend to the increase of their navigation, and to their ciiiim.1. breed of seamen. imny'sKti- '^^^^^ ^here is carried thither, and consumed there, nothing but of the product and manufacture of A.me,'mi'''' ^"g''""^' ^o'"" petitioners encouraging and .h.ily bringing the In.lians to wear coarse cloth instead of skin.s, which in process of time will considerably advance the woollen trade at homo. That it needs must reflect upon the honour of Britain to relincjuish to the French that territory of which their violent usurpation in a time of [)eaee was alleged as a main article in the first declaration 10 of war against that Kingdom. That if the French could pretend to any right to the said territories by the peace of Ryswick this right must needs be determined by their notorious infraction of the said treaty. The premises considered, when your Majesty, in your high wisdom, shall think fit to give peace to those enemies whom your victorious arms have so reduced and humbled, ami when your Majesty shall judge it for your people's good to enter into a treaty of peace with the French King, your Petitioners pray that the said Prince be obliged by such treaty, to renounce all right and pretensions to the Bay and Streights of Hudson, to quit and surrender all posts and .settlements erected by the French, or which are now in their possession, as likewise not to .sail any .ships or vessels within the limits of the Company's charter, and to make restitution of the i;i08,514, 193. 8d., of which they robbed and despoiled 20 your petitioners in times of perfect amity between the two Kingdoms, And your petitioners, as in duty bound, shall ever pray. Hiidsdn's B.iy Conipuny's memo, as ti) limits, 7 ' Feb., 1712. To the Right Honourable the Lords Commissioners of Trade and Plantations. The Memorandum of the Governor and. Company of Adventurers of England trading into Hud,son's Bay. That for avoiding all di.sputes and difl'erencos that may in time to come arise between the said Company and the French, settled in Canada, they humbly represent and conceive it necessary: That no wood-runners, either French or Indians, or any other person whatsoever, be permitted to travel, or seek for trade, beyond the limits hereinafter mentioned. That the said limits begin from the island called Grimington's Island, or Cape Perdrix, in the lati- SO tude of 58J north, which they desire may be the boundary between the English and French, on the coast of Labrador, towards Rupert's Land, on the east main, and Nova Britannia on the French side and that no French ship, bark, boat, or vessel whatsoever, shall pa.ss to the northward at Cape Perdrix or Grimington's Island, towards or into the Streights or Bay of Hudson, on any pretence whatever. That a line be supposed to pass to the south-westward of the said Island of Grimington, or Cape Perdrix, to the great Lake Mi.scosinke, alias Mistoveny, dividing the same into two parts (Is in the map now delivered), and that the French, noi- any others employed by them, shall come to the north or nortii-westward of the said lake, or supposed line, by land or water, on or through any rivers, lakes, or countries, to trade, or erect any forts or settlements what.soever ; and the English, on the contrary, not to pass the said supposed line either to the southward or eastward. ' 40 That the French be likewise obliged to quit, surrender, and deliver up to the English, upon demand, York Fort (by them called Bourbon) undemolished; together with all forts, factories, settlements, and buildings whatsoever, taken from the English, or since erected, or built by the French, with all the artillery and ammunition, in the condition they are how in ; together with ail otiier places they are possessed of within the limits aforesaid, or within the Bay and Streights of Hudson. 575 dominions) besides B of Ryswick this nd trading into These limits being first settle.; .ad adjusted, the Company are willing to refer their losses and damages forn.erly sustained by the French in time of peace, to the consideration of Commissioners to be appointed for that purpose. By order of the Governor and Company of Adventurers of England, trading into Hudson's Bay. Hudson's Bay House, 7th February, 17. J i. . NOTK-The said Company are by their Charter .■onstituted Lords Proprietors of all those lands territories, seas, streiglits, bays, rivers, lakes, and sounds, witliin the entrance of the Streights, to hold the same, as of Her Majesty's manor of East Greenwich, in the County of Kent. The Lords of Tuadk to the Eaul of Dartmouth. 10 To the Rigid Honourable the Eavl of Dartmouth. My Lord,— In obedience to Her Majesty's commands, signified to us, we have cc.sidered the en- closed petition from the Hudson's Bay Company to Her Majesty, and are humbly of opinion that the said Company have a good right and just title to the whole Bay and Streights of Hudson. Since the receipt of which petition, the said Company have delivered us a memorial, relatin^r to the settlement of boundaries between them and the Frencii of Canada, a copy whereof is enclosed and upon whicli we take leave to ofter, that as it will be for the advantage of the said Company that their boundaries be settled, ,t will also be necessary that the boundaries between Her Majesty's colonies on the continent of America and 'he said French of Canada be likewise agreed and settled; wherefore we humbly otter these matters may be recommended to Her Majesty's Plenipotentiaries at Utrecht 2^ We are. My Lord, Your Lordship's most obedient, and most humble servants. Winch ELSEA. Geo. Baillie, Ph. Meadows. Arth. Moore, Whitehall, February 19th. 17]i. '^^^'- ^^"'""' ^"^^ ''''^^- JOI.NT Appkndix. Seu. VII. Hudson's Bay Cnmimny'i Riijhtt and Vtahn^, Hudson's Bay Com|iiiny'» iiii'inii. tv8 til liinitu, 7 Feb., irUi. Lords of Trade to Earl Dart- nioutli, l!l Feb., 1712. [Treaty of Peace of Utrecht, 1713, in See. VL, amfe] The Company's Petition to Queen Anne for Act of Cession. To the Queen's Most Excellent Majesty. 30 The humble petition of the Governor and Company of Adventurers of England trading into Hudson's Bay. Sheweth : That your petitioners, being informed that the Act of Cession is come over, whereby (amon^ other matters thereby concerted), the French King obliges himself to restore to your Majesty (or to^whom your Majesty shall appoint to take possession thereof) the Bay and Streights of Hudson, together with all the lands, seas, ,sea-coasts, rivers and places situate in the said Bay and Streights, as alio all forts • and edifices whatsoever, entire and not demolished, together with guns. shot, powder and other warlike provisions (as mentioned in the 10th Article of the present treaty of peace), within six months after the latiheation thereof, or sooner, if possible it may be done. ^Q Your petitioners do most humbly pray your Majesty will be graciously pleased to direct the said Act of Cession maybe transmitted to your petitioners, as also your Majesty's commission to Captain James Knight and Mr. Henry Kelsey, gentleman, to authorize them, or either of them, to take posses- sion of the premises above mentioned, and to constitute Captain James Knight to be Governor of the fortress called Fort Nelson, and all other forts and edifices, lands, seas, rivers and places aforesaid ; and the better to enable your petitioners to recover the same, they humbly pray your Majesty to give orders that they may have a small man-of-war to depart with their ships, by the 12th day of June next ensuing, which ship may in all probability return in the month of October. And your petitioners as in duty bound shall ever pray. By order of the Company. 50 per Wii. Potter, Secretary, The Com- pany's peti- tion to Queen Anne for Act of V >8sion. I\, i Joint Api'KNnix. Sw. VJI. Uuilxm'ii Hay ('iimiiiinii'.-i Rill III n unit Ctuiinn. Earl Dint- niimtli to hnrils iif 'I'raclr, l!7 May, 1713. 576 The Eaul of Dartmouth to the Lords of Trade To the Bight Honourable the lords Commissioners of Plantations tion of ^h:;;:, W^B™:;: J';^:J"^^" ^- -"":-<'«'' - ^o tra,.„>it to you the enclosed Peti- tl.at the ,.la.e.s an.l countiies th.-roin n«mn 1 7 "'"^'""'^- ^" ^''° moantune, I an. to ncqiiai.lt you « ' ^' H - ™,.K« .n L?:rcw ;,^ r/E ;gti?s^ ""■■ f'T''''" an „rJc,f,-o,„ U,at U.mit tor Jcliverin,, po,,^,^^,!"! ' '' "'' '''V 1 7 "'" "'■'''''°'' °''')' "f™ am, iJy Lords and Gentlemen, Your most humble servant, Wliitehall, May 27th, 1713, Dartmouth. The Com- pany's memo rial as to damages. Jr.r '^•- l>uildin..s and forts tleere!te,Mntre enir'"' T '^ "" '"''''""''^ ''^ ^"'^•^'^"- ^°»-*''-- -^'-» as also a quantity of o X f U be there ?."• "^' ""• ""' "'^'' "" *'" '^""'"'" ^^'^ cannon-ball, 20 belongin Jto the'ard IWy Lo d n^t and in ^' " '^'T] '' "" ^"""""■'"^" '^"'^ '"^^ °^''- ^^-S^ concluderi at Utrecht, Z' iT of A il iL be^" T t "° '?"'' ^^''^''^ °' ^'^"^ ^^^^^ ^'' P-- Queen of Great Britan.. Dolt a^t X.the st\r:?i:;;!l^^^^^^^^^ Plenipotentiaries and those of the To the Qiteen'e Most Excellent Majesty/. right of tlie Crown of Great Brilain. Streiglits, being the unjoubtcd pan3^:^r zi :::r;i::::;:^ ^;ri:^::^-r ^-7 ^^ t r -''- *^ *^^^ -^^ ^- nan^ed on both sides .0 adjust the same th sa'd ComZv b ^'n'' "^"' ^o.nmissaries are to be that M-henever your Maje.sty in your iearwhlom Z ^ >. 7 «^^''""" *° "'^"'''"' ^""'- ^^'^J^'^^^ pose, they are ready to make out their Z a t^ ^^ *° "^""^ commissaries for that pur- said 1 1th Article , ^""'"^ °^ '^""'»^^ ^"^^^'^^'^ ^'-"^ tl^« French, according to the All which they nevertheless submit to your Majesty's wisdom and goodness. • The Hudson's Bay Company, 4,9 Wm. Potter, Secretary. Lord Bolingbroke to the Lords op Trade To tU Right Honourable the Lords Commissioners of Trade and Plantations and Mu. i.»hobif»nt" of Monnt- ,, f r -^'tt f. ? °^ ^"'''''^^ P"''""' "" ^"^''"If of themselve., .1.. Mh..b,tant,, of Mount^cnut. h is Her Majesty's pleasure that your lordships should consider ^ Lord Boling- broke to Lords of Trade, 13 April. 17U ^1 ^ 5 the enclosed Peti- lion, what orders n to acquaint you Ih'V Miijcsty did isisted only upon itliorized by Her y will come into 10 nnfc, )artmouth. to deliver up to ogether with all md cannon-ball, 20 the other things Treaty of Peace ind those of the d trading into 1st humble and rocht, whereby 30 the undoubted the said Com- iries arc to be r your Majesty s for that pur- !cording to the 40 rER, Secretary. mdum of the of themselves ould consider . I 677 the said memorandum and petition, as likewise the several matters which are referred to commissaries and unon tt' TT ' T' "''""'' ^^^'^'"'^ "' '''' ''''' ''^'^^'y '' ^^^ ^'^^^ ^^e Most Christirn Kh g therein * l"' representation, to be laid before Her Majesty, for her further pleasufe I am, My Lords, Your most humble servant, Whitehall, April 13th, 1714. Bolingbroke. Joint Ari'itNoii. Sec. vir. ffwhnn't Bay Company's Hi'tlhtn and Clairiu, Lord Boliog. broke to Lords of Trade, 13 April, 1714, ^0 '^"E Company to the Secretary of the Lords of Tkade. To Wm. Popple, Esq. TthTZI I ^ ^" T '""'^'"^ ^ gentleman to take possession of our country very speedily tl ^t'^ It he Lords have any commands touching the memorial lately presented to Her Majesty by us rek n. ''"" ™«i* to the damages the French did us in times of peace, this gentleman, who was in Hudson's Bay I thaf time, can give their Lordships some information in that matter. ^ I am, Your very humble servant, 20 June 3rd, 1714. "^NO. Pery. The Lords of Trade to Lord Bolingbroke. To the Right Honourable the Lord Viscount Bolimjbrol-e. the nHw>?7ri^°."^°'^\T'' ^ ^"" "^"J"''^'' ^°^""^^"<1^' signified to us by your Lord.ship's letter of I'""', of ^^^J^^:f^^::'r'rt''''' thememonalof the Governor'and Company of Hud SSUe. sons iiay and the Petit on relatmg to Mountserrat, and thereupon take leave to offer that Her Maiestv ^«-^"-'"i* be pleased to signify to the Court of France the nece.ssity of appointinrr commissaries to trP.r.h^ , rnrmidTrrr'^ r^ '''' ^-^ t ^^^'^'^^'^ thi^reat/orpZ™,".::: iv™; informed that the French conmnssaries who are here have not full powers to treat on tho e matterf and as soon as we have their answer we shall lay it before your Lordship. ^° My Lord, Your Lordship's most obedient and most humble servants, Guildford, r. monckton, Arthur Moore, Jno. Cotton, Jno. Sharpe, Samuel Pytts, June 18th. Tuvs. Vkknok. t| *^ '^"E Company to the Lords of Trade as to Limits. To the Honourable the lords Commissioners of Trade and Plantations HudJo'n'sX''' -P--"t-tion of the Governor and Company of Adventurers of England trading into Shew«th : That pursuant to the 10th Article of the Treatv of Utrecht thcv did ^h<. V.rH-nin-. ->' T„-> t , send u ,s.p for Hudson's Hav n.nH +l,«rn!„ „ n ' '","'• '"'--^ "'"'•"•' ^"^o'""'5ig <>i Jnno last: The Com,,»„y K^U^.^ i,.\oJ ^".^ ^^y' f"d *''*^'^'''" a Governor, one Captain Knight, and his Deputy one Mr "I i!'" ^"'''» Aelsey, to take possession of the whole Biv n..rl «*..„; m « tt j , , "'=> -"-"^puiy, one lur. „f Trade. 4 73 ^ ^'^y ^"'^ btreights of Hudson, together with all other places Aupi.t,i7i4. * 078 AmLmx. '"'^^'"S ^^^'•^^to. as raentined in the said articles thev having . , , . m.i.on'. Bay [""^t Christian Kings order, un.ler hi.s hand and sll wifT T ^''°/^«'"P""y. ''"^ likewise the ^^-•^ -- "P the same according to the said "r atr w d sTip at fir" T ' ".'^""''^ '^'°'"^^"^' ^« '^- au<^ m not only to bring away the French settled in H kl' R , ? r?'^'""' °^ ^''° ■'"^''' ^^"^'''^ (^^ompany. The c;r„,.„, aforesaid treaty, they payin. fre^^t fir th Ji -^f^' 'l''^''^'''^'''^'' ^''^'''- ''^^^^^^^^ ^n'radtr«eptomber, or beginnfng^f October nLf «'''"''• ^'"'='' «'"P n>ay be expected the latter end of Aug., 17H. m, . ^, 1 hey further represent to your Lordshin, fV,»* o„ i- x Honourable Board, relating to the li.nits or bm.n L 77 7 ',' '"""°''''^' ^"'•'"'^'•'>' '^^l'^'^'""'! ^^3 and French in those purts,"they Tu ly^^^^^^^^ '"^ ^"'^ .^ commissaries 'twixt the English in time arise between the Company aL^rpli^^^ ^^'■^P"t«^ and differences that may 10 French or Indians, or any other rrsonwh!.. I ' •' '" '^"°''"''*' "''^^ "° wood-runners, either liuiits thereafter mentioned ' -^^^^^^^ver, be permitted to travel or seek for trade beyond the latitirif^^r^,:^::;;^^^::::!^:^:::'^'^ Trr^ ''-'' - '-^^ ^^•■^^- - ^^e Lab^ortow.rdsKuper.f.andonth;t^:riS;^S^^^^^^ - of perdri:r j; -^t:;:^ 5z^ :;:rd;rir r ^ -r ^^^; " r -''-^-^ «^ ^"p« whatsoever. "'^ '°'° "''' fetreights or Bay of Hudson, on any pretend Perd •xrth:;:r:kt MErirt:::^^ ^S^ -^ ^^l- °^«^'-n.-. or cape .0 now delivered), and from the said lake a 1 ne ^o n.n .;, . 7 T' '"'" '^"° P'^''*'^ ^^^ '" t'^«™ap by the red line may more particu a Iv Inp " an Th fH ;T'"''^ '"'° '■' '^'^'"'^ "°'-^'' J'^^'tude, as not co,ne to the nor'h of it'nor i^:t^S^:^':^ ofit "' '' ''^ ""'^ '"^ ^'^^ '''^"^'^ ^° or erect any forts 'o'r settlements TtoTr ^L supposed line, either to the southward oiWa'nl ° ' '" " ''"^''^'■^'' °"' *° P'^^ t^'*^ «aid The said Company havin *'- '"""''"'S '" «■« «f7^'''..anJaUo that satisfaction «houl.l bo given to the Company for all ami French Territories and the nmkn g repa.at.ons to the Company for the.r losses and dan.ages, yet remain to be done. it absol r.u!'!'.;'l ''" "^TZ "1^ '-'"T"^ "°'''' ''""'^'>' P'-'-'-^'^"^ ^ y°"^ I'^^'^'^iP'^ f'-^ ^^^y conceive 10 uZ! il;- --l"-"."f P;-. Vi... in 171.3, n.H,h. a settlement at the head of Albany River. oC, ,P ''■""' /""'.'P"'^"''"'"^' '-^ «^'tl'«J. whereby they intercept the Indn.n trade from CO n , to the Company's fa.tones, and will. i. tin,e. utterly ruin the trade, if not prevented. It is. he.efo.e, proi,ose, and desjred that a boundary or dividend n.ay bo drawn, so as to exclude the French rbH' ne'tT'c " ? "."•'""' "/ *''^ '^'^"'^ "' ''' "-'"-^'P^ - ^'- --^ "^ I"^"-''"- ■• "-less preserved ''"^' "" "' ''' ^''"'™ ^^ ""'^^°"'^ ^^"^^ ^"^"""t ^"^ ^^'^"r^ °°^ their trade memit^a^'alntJ^f f.l'''l^'"T"^\'°''''" '* '''" ^P^'''' ^^ ^ ^^^ -^"'l ^^'^<^' ^^^in^ate. to this •8rev"s;nsw ;'';." ^^-'^ ^-7™"/'"''""^""^' '" '"" P-ce. vi., between the years '82 and 20 stls IfV r 1 "r^'^'f *-"' ^"^ r '"''^ '^"'^ ^'^'^^"■'''"^' •" "''■'^l' t^'-^y '-J carried away great Ind £G '10 8 "' . r "° T': .'''^ /"'•""' ^'" "'"'■'^ ^'"°""^ ^° ^^'«-=^-^2 15.S. principal money. tomal'^woTZus^fir'^^^'^^" your Lordships to the estimate itself for particulars, crave leave 1st. That the loss of the forts is not charged therein, nor ar- the damages valued which the Com pany suffered by the depredations of the French, which must be very great^considerTn "h w 1 n.^W F;^' anTdTth r T; 'T' ■"•':rV'" '''''"' ''^'•''"^*"= ^•---' P-^-'-'y they Teld Albtj Jo, t and a 1 the places of trade m the bottom of the Bay for six years. The bare interest or. vt .a cWgod. wh:ch . always supposed necessarily to grow out of the' principal and to be ilplrable '^ . ..-"'J; .'^^^"* ^^; P'-^.^f^ ^"-i ^°"chf s which support the account are such as the reason and nature of th thmg wdladmn of, espec.ally considering the distance of time and place where the n^u- 3 o„,pIamed of were committed. The seizure of the several forts, and capture of the reL' tve sh ps being acts of a notorious and public nature, it is presumed they will not be denied ■ besdesmt there are hv.ng witnesses here to .some of them. The cost of the ships and goods are extra e out of^^^^^^^ Company s books where every article was fairly entered when there couM be no foresight of heir mis [::::rrmii::v;:oir^ '^^^^^-^^^ ''''-''-'' --' ^'^^ - ^^^-^- ready%obep:d::d. U he efo.e, the Governor and Company most humbly pray, that your Lordships will be pleased to espouse their just cause, and so recommend it to His Majesty that they may have full repailioa rnade as was agreed and promised by the late King of France, at the Treat/of Utrecht 40 CAPTAIN MIDDLETON TO A DOBBS. ESQ.. JANUARY, 1742-8.* "ir Jli'!"^ ^, ^ ^'Y*^ •7.'\°"-^>y ''°"«''^^';f y«"^ proposition of kying open the Hudson's Bay trade, and settling » •""• the countr y higher up. upon those great river^ whichnm Jnt^^^ j „.,; ag,-ee ^ certain voyagus tJiither (1714). ..." which he himself had wada <.-"Uhtnc3 adjoming Uud>,^n^ Bay, and of (loprcdations therouf to be 1 inailo accord- rcin, and have ories and the thoy conceive 10 ', for that the Alliany River, 111 trado from k'ented. It is, do tiie French [•adore ; unless }r their trade mate, to this years '82 and 20 1 away great icipal money, iguther make I, crave leave ich the Com- ow long tliey held A!ha:iy erest on. y in 30 i inseparable a and nature the injuries )ective ships, >s that there d out of the )f their mis- be produced, 40 10 pleased to ration made ind settling agree with ludson's Bay 's Bay, and of • ♦ m you in the groat udvantago tho public would receive fro.n such a settlement (coul,' i- • made) bo. ,n to th...r trade, and tl,o cutting ..If conma.nioatiun will, tho Mississi„„i vet 1 mus, that it i.s altoge.hor i„.pra.,ical.lo upon n.any accouM.s ■ fur iZu'^'^lZl '.'^ "P"-'' cno.^h that would be willing or abl^ to un.lergo the ,.,,2 j Z i^ ^Z^^:^! n! J^'' t what encouragements would bo sutHciont to u.ako thou. "atten.pt it. with such dange o en i ' cm trad who are inured to . . and are calle.l by us wood-...nne.s (or coureur. J.s Loi.), I they h 10 As to the .•ivers you .nention. none of the.n a.-e navigable with anything but canoes so sn.all that they carry but two n.en, ..nd they are forced to n.ako use of land car.iges nearly the four part o the way, by reason of watoi-falls, during that little s„,.,n.er thoy enjoy ^ ^ nf *ylT ^^^ .T" """ ""''"•■' "'" ^'"'"''""^ '"^"" '" ^'"^ ^'^^- ""t"«ve are capable of venturin,. in one of those canoes, they are so apt to overtur.. and drown then.. Many of our people have bee .tl"ntv s;::u.:ip::;:r":r"^^°'^"'""^"""^ enough to n.an4 a canL/so there t::i;;:t Join? Al'PKNI 11,1,1. Saf ( 'urn I ;/■» Hiilhlf 'Kid Ilia I mil. Cliipt. .Middl*. tiiii to A. [In.perial Act, 18, Geo. 2, Cap. 17, saving the rights^of the Hud,.ons Bay Company, supra. Sec. V.J REPORT OF THE PARLIAMENTARY COMMHTEE OF 174!., APPOINTED TO ENQUIRE INTO THE AFFAIRS OF THE HUDSON'S BAY COMPANV.* 20 EXTIUCTS FROM THE EVIDENCE OF WlTNES-SES. Joseph RoasoN :-'. Thinks that the beavers which are brought down to the Company are refused R^P-f' Co.. n;dit r:; t ^7 \ 'ti "'-"'^''^^^ ''^^ ^•>" "^^'-^ -•^^ — to'tra'de ; :, fc-r Lmupany dispose of tho.rsn..ul valuable furs to the French, ar.d bring down their heavy .n.ods to tl ! Sr""'' KICBAKD W„tte:_«TI,c French h.torcpt tho I„,li„„. co,„i„s down with tl„.ir t„„lc a, th. j=zr z; =:- :;;x — - :— ■:-- HS bnng down marten's skh.s, but that is when they don't ,neet with the F.e..o .' • bn t I Indians who ha.l ,„et the French b.in-. down ^nv Ibd t f rf ''"';^^;/"^"''' ••,•»* he never knew any is on Abbitibi. r .,l-.> 'IM. , , • . : I .^ y ^'''^ ^^^''"^ settlement on Moose River a,n„„,trr.r„h,.!r::i:;:c:^^^^^^^^^^^ Robert Griffin ;— '■ The French intercept the trade • to nrevent whi^l, +1.. n • we would go up into the country the French Indians would trado with us " ' trade. If the t.ade was opened the F.ench would not intercept the Indians since in that casp Zl !!!!:!!!.!!:!!i:^^ the^French have, whirth^Con^ny L- 216, 218, 2ii6-7, 234.) ^ "or wua au Appouaix. Keported by Lord Strange, April 24, 1749. (pp. fi Joint Ari'KMiiix. Hw. VII. llnit»i:ll'il lilt 1 'nlltjUltill'A Hi'jhl» mill (Viiim*. IU|Mirt nf Coiiiniitti'S, )liiUiii< uf ColllllKJIU, iri'j. 582 not:" an.l being asked <• In ca.so th.me out-ottlements were erect..!, whether the name trade e„nl.l U .•arnnl ..„ at , h- pn-sent set, le.nents ? " he naid " That wan i.npo.il. e. h. t he Z^Z^t ^ h! nuUr ?■ '"' t f'T'""" ^' "''"'■'^ "'^''" •'«'''"^' ^''^' ^"^^■"'•''. ""•' tl.o [...lian,, who trade with lilt, uimaiis tell (luvenior iNortdii, 111 the vear 17.S0 tl.nf »)i.. t'.. „„i i i .^i . ,lisfa„,... ,.»• uu\ •, ' •>"" ''•»•'. "lit tlie hri-nch had a 8ettlement at about the iC. .. >v z:nZ: " T. ;;': "^''t '""• "'''^'' '"^•' ^'""^ '"^^'" •"' "^ •'••-^ -^ >•-•• -• -»<--•' .satkii.ti.t was upon heel Iliv-r. vhieh was navigable up to it for canoeH." William Wansiov :-■■ Has been told the French draw the Indiana from Hudson's Bav Tho 10 creating settlements up in the country would be the most proper method to ;::r:a: I tradT"' " " EXTUACTS FKOM THE APPENDIX TO THE SAME RePOKT. Hiidaon's Ray C(>in|mny's Forts. No. IX. An account ok the names of the Hudson's Bay Compant's Forts and Skttlements in th. Bay situated in or near the following Latitudes: Moose Fort ^™- ^'^' Henly House or Fort ..'.". ^^ ^^ Tlie East Main House...... 1! Albany Fort . . °^ 10 York Fort.... 52 18 Prince of Wales Fort...;!'..' H ^^ 59 20 HudBon'i Bay Company'i •hip*. No. XV. AN ACCOUNT OF TH. NUM^FH OF ShIPS, AND THE BURDEN OF EACH. EMPLOYED IN THE HuDSON's BaY Company in thkir Tnini,- Tr> t«l- c.,,^ «.„ „„„ „.^,„ „„.„ iiuwau.^ s day FOR TEN \EAR.S LAST PAST. DISTINGUISHING EACH YEAR BuP.DEN of EACH. 170, l.-^O, 120. Tons 170. 180, 120, 170, 120, 170, 120 170, 120 ,, ..'P** 190, 170, 1.30, 120 174(5 ^°"' 'JlP^ 1»0, 170, 130, 120 ^^•^ Four ships 100, 170, 130, 120 ^«"'' « 'IP^ 100, 170, 130, 120' ^""■^ «^"PS 190, 170, 130, 120 N.B.— The above mentioned ships' (jnly employ has been in of London and Hudson's Bay. Company in their trade to the said Bay Anno 17.19 Three f.hips. 1740 Three ships. l"-*! Two ships . 1742 Two ships 1743 Two ships 1744 Four Shi- 1745 1747. 1748. 30 carrying on the trade between the port I No. xvin. An Account of the Original Stock of the Hudson's Bay Company with the Increase of the .n Same. *" "Sr^'^' lOth'r'f T7.V ° *^'-^'^" ^""^ '^' ^'™"'"'^ °^ '^' Honourable the House of Commons dated Bav....TholO :nts in thi ASE OF THE 40 '•••t ••»..,» A( i,\n^v/ ,^o« . ^Vhidi iimkoH tho stock to' ' ^TTTT" 1720. AuguHt. TJu. «t,^k being again trv^.d "i;::;:; ! :::::::::::: ;;.;;.:: ;;.^2i;o2I! Which makes tho stock to he ^177^ An.! a Hi.l,.scripti.m was then taken in onOmrvent '">*.'^W ^ amounting to ' ,„ . .^ December 23. Wl ich hoing trehl...] is '. ■.■.■.'.■..■.■,; ^r't?. Additional stock n^.^ 10 Whicli makes tho pre.sont amount of their stock tc be X10«950 No. XXV. Extracts from thb Ouz.kus oiv.x nv t„. Hudson's Bav Company to theiu Chikf Factous iv the Bay. ,n ANT.aPATFoN OK AN Attack Ovekland krom Canada Mr. Joseph Isbister and Council, at Albany Fort. Gkntlemen : London, loth May, 1744. 5th. The Paiglish and French having declared war n.'ainsf pi.p1, nM.nr „.. j ii • . continuing, wo do hereby strictly direct .u to be alwa;:ryo:™^^^ ^T: '^"l that you keep all your men as near homo a« possible. ^ ^''"'' ''''^''''' ''°^' 20 8th. We do also direct that you fix your cannon in tho most proper places to defend vn. i and annoy an enen.y, after which you are to fire each cannon once w th^p^.^ ^ o se 2 th vT " and in.struct your n.en to tho use of them without firinir • and that v „ I \^ 7 ^ ''"■ ^vith ,.ow.ler and ball, ready for service You are ak ; I ' . '' "" ^""-^''"'^ly loaded order and at hand, to'be ea;ily co:™: al;';: tt o IfeT IZ ::tZ:'J't1 '""V" '''' r;ir^L^:;'::irrd-^^^^^^ and iMcl,ig.n.c between eeel ' faetor, for the iteV otS;!!; " ™""'"' "'™»1»"J«"» the .i';t;;:iiVoi^:ra7o?;„r j:^::^^^^^^^^^ »«• ;° ^ »;,» «"«. r„,n Canada; in which ca.se the enemy not beincr able to nwi ^^^ by land, m the winter, from your fru.strating their designs and ^epS thl ' "" '"' """°" "'"^ *'^''^' "^ ^'^"^^ ""^ °^ ir..„'f '*"■ ^^'' :'•'■''* ^'''*^''" S*^^* ^'^'^ ''^'^^ information you can from tho trading. Indians whether tl,e French are making any preparations to come down to the factory or hnv. In l ,oT «htther tlie or ammunition at certain distances for their suduIv VVV „k. r ' '""^V ° T^ P^vis.ons, stores, to' .TornT AriK.VDii. Soc. vir. Hiiilmin'i) Hag Ciimimnii'i Hfj/itf aiul I'liiimt. HuiIkoh'* Day '''iiii|'»iiy'» "tuck. OriliTh iif IliiilHfiri's Hiiy Cum- imny tii Chief riietiir* : To .ri)M*'[,li ItllirttlT lUld . designs of the enemy. l.'kh. We do direct that not only a continual correspondence be kept between you and Moose Fort but that you correspond witli the factory at Shidi) River, York Fort, and Prince of Wales' Fort as often as you can, and if under any appreliensions of an attack to give immediate notice to Moose Fort. l')th. We still recommend your diligence in getting intelligence and information of the designs of 10 the French. To Robert Pilffrim and Cdiinuil, (') May, 1747. Mr. Robert Pilgrim aud Council, at Prince of Wales' Fort. London, 6th May, 1747. Gentlemen : 3rd. War still continuing with France and Spain, we renew our former order of being always on your guard, and to keep a good watch and your men near home, except those that are guarding the battery at Cape Merry, hut not to hintler a proper number to he employed in providing a sufficient quantity of the country provisions to prevent the complaint of those persons that murmur for want of victuals ; and we recommend sobriety that you may be capable of making a vigorous defence if attacked. 4th. Wo again recommend your keeping the land, round the Fortar ' »he Battery at Cai)e Merry, 20 free fmm everything that may possibly conceal or shelter an enemy, that m may thereby prevent being surprised. 10th. We again direct that you keep up a general correspondence with all the Factories, and get what intelligence you can of the designs of the French. Mr. Spence and Council, at Albany Fort. Gentlemen : London, 5th May, 1748. '^»°nd'''cvuncil* *'^''' ^^'^'' ■''^''^ continuing with France and Spain we again hereby strictly order you to be always 5 May', 'uTs.' f" yur guard, and to keep a good watch and your men near home, but not to hinder a proper number ' to be employed in providing a sufficient cpi;intity of the country provisions, particularly goese, which 30 we find you constantly employ tiie Imlians only to kill for you, and which we are dissatisHed with; tiiat being such a material article, you ought always to blend some of your people with the natives in the goose seasons, that they may understand how to kill them, and thereby lessen your dependence on the native hunters. " •/ i To Joseph Isbister and Mr. Joseph Isbister and Council, at Prince of Wales' Fort. ^ London, 5th May, 1748. Gentlemen: •'' istmur ana "^''' ^^ " '^^ ''^'"' '^'''^''^ ^^"^^ ^'°" <=''"''*''^"*ly ^cep your great guns loaded with powder and ball Omucil, 5 reiV'l.v for service during the time the rivers are open ; you are also to keep your small arms loaded and May, i,4fl. ,„ y„o,i „,.,i^,^ ^,,,1 ^t hand, to be easily come at, which loaded arms and cannon are to be drawn once a 40 month and well cleaned, and to exercise your men as often as requisite, whom we expect by this time are artists, not only in the use of small arms but also of cannon, that the great expense we have been at in this particular may answer the end proposed thereby in case of an attack. You are also to keep a sufficient lu.inber of your trading guns loaded and at hand, which charges are also to be drawn every m.mth, and if there beany Indians yon can confide in, and v. ill 1.- ,:f ^.^rvice to you in your defence, we recom-Mcnd it to you to employ them in such manner as you think proper. 585 of the designs of 10 actories, and get No. XXVII. CORRKSPONDENCE I.ETWKKN THE CoMPANV AND lUKUi A.^KNTS ON Ti,,.; BaV. Settlement of Port Nei,son. To John Bridgar, (Jovernorof Port Nelson. Jdl.NT Api'ENiirx. Stc VII. Hiiilmn'f Hay CiiiiijMiiii/'a Jtijl/ilH ami (^iitiiitn. OrdiTNdf MudHoiru Hay (!i)in- paiiy— Huilann'H Bay ("iiinpany to .liiliii I'.iidtfar, ir>May, 1U82. Tbade with the Interior. To Henry Sargcant, Esq. ^^^"' 27th, U183. You are to choose out from amongst oar .servants, such as are best ,,ualiKe,l with strength of bodv and the coun ry language, to travel and to penetrate into the country, l draw down tic Ind ans bt '"^^^ lair and gentle means to trade with us. own mt iniUans by ^,:\'^^^'^"H 20 From Henry Sargeant. Charlton Island, 13th September, 1(583. I shall not be neglectful as soon as I find any n.an capable and willing for to send up into the country with the Indians, to endeavour to penetrate into what the countrv wi^l .„, 1 '. , 'T'"' "' to use their utmost in bringing down the Indians to our Fae^.y Ji "^ J ' Zm t"' '" IF^' encouragement to those who undertake such extraordinary servi^J, or else I fr ere t / b t that wdl embrace such emfdoyment. ^ ^^^ To Henry Sargeant, Esq. 2Nn May, 168/ We perceive our servants are unwilling to travel up into the countrv by reason of dan-.-r and wan of encourageinent The danger we judge is not more now than formJrly.'and for tl^eirt coural ^" "• «- 30 nient we shall plentifully reward them when we find they deserve it by bringing down Indi ns t"l .; ^'^ lactones, of which you n.ay assure them." Wo judge Robert Sandford a Ht person to tru "h v , the Un,u. and un.ler.stand.ng the trade of the country ; and upon a promise of' Mr. Youn. one o f "^ adventurers), that he should travel, for which reasons we have advance.l his wa-a-s to thirtv « un 1 annum; and William Arrington, called, in the Bay, Red-Cap, whom we have i in !„ o J ' ' '' service, as also dohn Vincent; both which we do'also judge^t persr. '::;: To ^ rtr nL' Z country to bring down trade. up into tne Charlton Island, August 24th, 1685. i^om Governor Sargeant. Mr. Sandford does not accent the term., your honour, propose, but rather chooses to go home 40 Neither ho nor any ot your servants will travel up the country, although your honours have ear.Sy ''C""'^ desired it, and I pressed It upon those proposals you have hinted ive earnestly ""--f^U^ 74 " i(i«3. E»J 586 Joint Appsndis. Sec. VII. Biidson's Say Coiiipany^s Rights and Claims. H. B. Co.'s exports and impurtB. [B.] Value of Exports and Imports from Hudson's Bay in the underwritten years, as thky stand IN THE Inspector-General's Books at the Custom House. if. CO O o ^,„„, Exports. Imports. rj736 £1519 16 10 £ 9924 8 1787. 1738. 1739. 1740. 1741. 1742. 1743. 1744. 1745. 4124 3869 3984 3887 4203 3028 3644 4871 3795 1746^. 3320 IS '^ 108J3 17 7 10821 * ■* l.Sf)59 2 8 um 17 1 9656 17 .0 12647 2 9 12466 10 1 11036 4 9 11380 9 10 8560 o 11 10 8 3 9 3 3 IG 9 7 8 7 5 7 6 10 11 9 4 £40241 1 1 10 £122835 6 3 John Oxford, Inspector-General. N. B.— These values are cast up by fixed and standing estimates, and not at the real cost thev were bought and sold at. ■' 20 Custom House. London, 13th March, 1748. Memorial, 1752. CLAIMS OF HUDSON'S BAY COMPANY, 1750, 1752, 1755, 1769. (Copies of these papers were obtained from the Public Records Office, London.) Memorandum ok 1752, annexed to the following Letter. The Hudson's Bay Company claim. The lands to the northward of a line drawn from 59 i degrees of north latitude in the Atlantick Ocean, south-westward to the Lake Miscosink, otherwise Mistoseney, and through the same Lake down to the 49th degree of north latitude (as described in a mapp delivered to the Lords of Trade) and thence continued by a meridian line of the said latitude of 49 degrees, westward. These boundaries, together with a demand of £108,514 19s. 8d. sterling, was claimed by the Com- 30 pany m the year 1709, and afterwards by the Commissaries appointed by virtue of the Treaty of Utrecht. ^ To the Right Hon. Sir Thos. Robinson, Knt., One of His Maje.sty's Principal Secretarys of Stete, &C. &C. &c. The Company to the Lords of Trade. Hudson's Bay SiR,— I am directed by the Governor and Committee of the Hudson Bay Company to inform His LoT.7'" Majesty's Ministers that in the year 1752, by the orders of the Lords of Trade, they laid before their vltu't Lordsh.i,s a statemct of their claims, which hath subsisted ever since ; and in consequence of the Treaty of Utrecht, and as they are desirous of having your a,ssistance and support, they order me to inform 40 you that they will be ready to give such further information as to their rights as may be wanted to prove the justice of their said claim. I am with the greatest respect, Sir, Your most obedient, humble servant Hud.son's Bay House, 19th Feb., 1755. ri^'- U'ys Right Hon. Sir Tho.s. Robinson. 387 AS TUEY STAND 1 PORTS. •24 8 7 i]3 5 8 21 11 7 51) 10 5 (i9 3 7 56 3 6 47 10 GO 3 11 3f5 3 9 80 IC 4 (30 y 35 6 3 -General. real cost they MK^roRIAI- OF the Company nEFKURED to rv the nkxt succEEnixo report, 1759. To the m,M Honourable the Lorils Commissioners of Trade and Plantations Hudson's Bay^'' ^^'"""""^ "^ *'" ^°''"'""'' ^"'^ ^"°"^^''"^ °^ Adventurers of England trading into May it please Your Lordships : In prcspect of an approaching Treaty of Peace between this nation and France, and in hope that the great success His Majesty's anns have been blessed with, and the many acpiisitions that have been thereby gamed fron. the enen.y, will enable His Majesty to secure to your menu.rialists .satisfaction [for] he injuries and depredations they have long since suffered from the French, which stands acknowledged 10 by Treaty, and are stipulated to be made satisfaction for, but through the perfidy of the enemy, and in disregard of the Ireaty, have hitherto remained unsati.sfyM; in which the honour of the nation, as well as justice to the individuals, loudly call for redre.s,s. To that end your memorialists beg leave to represent to your Lordsliips : ^ That the Freneh. before the Treaty of Utrecht, in the time of peace, under some pretended claim of right disturbed the Hudson s Bay Company in the quiet possession of Hudson's Bay and the territories hereto belonging and in a hostile manner with ships of war an.l an armed land force, attacked and took several of the Hudson s Bay Con>pany's ships in harbour in the bay, and also took, plundered and dispo-ssessed them of several factories and settlements on the coast thereof, which matters, havin-^ been under cons.deration at the Treaty of Utrecht, were admitted, and agreed to be settled and satif^-'d by 20 the following articles thereof: "^ "^ [Here follow the 10th and 11th articles of the Treaty of Utrecht.] That in purs^uance of the said Treaty, and an Especial Commission of her said late Majesty, Queen Anne, dated the 2()th of July, 1713. the .said Bay and lands then in po.ssession of the French were delivered up to Governor Knight and KeLsey, who took possession thereof for the Engli.sh Hud.son's Bay Company, and Commissarys were appointed to settle the said limits, and adjust the damages the Company had sustained, wliich for the .ships and goods of the Company taken by the French appears by an account stated m the year 1713, and delivered to tiie then Lords Commissioners of Trade and Plantations, amounted to upwards of one hundred thousand pounds, besides the .lamages the Company sustained by the enemies burning three of their forts and factorys at Charlton Island. Moose River and 30 New Severn. An.l proceedings were had by the said Commissarys towards settling the same ; but they were never able to bring the settlement of the said limits to a final conclusion, nor did the said Hudson^ Bay Company ever receive any .satisfaction for their .said damages. That the papers which were laid before the said Commi.ssao's and the minutes of their proceedin..s as also a memorial relative to this matter, vdiich in the year 1750, after the conclusion of the last w:,-,' was piesented to your Lordslups, remaining, as your memoriali.sts believe, in your Lordships' office, it i itvetoreftr' '^""^ " ^"'^ ^"^"'" ^'""'' lordships, whereto your memorialises beg Your memorialists therefore humbly hope, in case any Treaty of Peace shall be set on foot between 40 this nation and J r.nce, that your Lordships will intercede with His Majesty to take the premises wVf!'n ^^r ^r '""7' f"'' '''"' ^'' ''^" ^'' S'-aciously pleased to cause your memomliststo dl 1 ^'"^^'f '^^•^'^^ '"'^'if them, pursuant to the said Treaty of Utrecht, for the aforesaid dcpr dat.ons they are thereby acknowledged to have sustained from the French in time of peace- and for which satisfaction is by the said Treaty agreed to be made to the Company ; and that the' limits of the said Company s territory may be settled, as by the said Treaty is also agreed. All which is humbly submitted to your Lordships' consideration. By order of the Governor and Committee of the said Company. Chas. Hays, 50 Hudson's Bay House, Secretary. 6th December, 1759. JOINI AvPENinx. Sec. VII. ff ml foil's Bail ('ompaiiji'ii Rill lit H awl Cfaiiiun. Memorial of Hudson's Bay C'om- paiiv to Iiiil-(l» of Trade,!! Dec, 1709. 588 '•loiNT Appkni>ix. Sec. VII. Uuilaon't Bay Companij^s Jiiiihts ami Claims. Lords of Trade to Mr. Pitt, litth Dec,, 1759. H. B. Go's Posts, 1775-98. TnK Lords ok Th.vde to Mk. Pitt. Whitehall, December 19th, 1769. Sir, — the Governor and Company of Merchants trading to Hudson's Bay having presented a Memorial to us, stating their claims with respect to limits and other matters provided for by the Treaty of Utrecht, and praying that in ca.se of a peace with France, His Majesty would be graciously pleased to cause satisfaction to be made to them, with respect to such claims, pursuant to the stipulations of the tenth and eleventh articles of the said Treaty ; We beg leave to transmit to you the inclosed copy of the said memorial for His Majesty's directions thereupon. We are, Sir, Tour most obedient and most humble servants, Dunk. Halifax, Right Honourable ,Wm. Pitt, SoAME Jenyns, One of His Majesty's Principal Secretarys of State. W. G. Hamilton, W. Sloper. It [Treaty of Paris, ceding Canada and dependencies to Great Britain, Supra, Sec. VI.] HUDSON'S BAY COMPANY'S POSTS, 1775-1798. 1775. — " The Hudson's Bay Company has at present four factories : Churchill, Fort York, Albany and that of Moose Kiver. Fort York is reputed the most important : it is situated on the south branch of the Hayes River, five leagues above the point where it runs into the sea, at 37 deg. 20 min. lat., and 93 deg. .08 min. long."* 20 1795. — WiAterbothamf gives the following as the forts occupied by the Hudson's Bay Company They were ail on the shores of the Bay : — N. Lat. 59° 0' 57° 10' 50° 12' 52° 18' 51° 2S' 63° 24' Churchill, York Fort, ^■^evern House, Albany Fort, Moose Fort, East Main, W. Lon. 94° 30' 93° 0' 88° 57' 85° 18' 83° 15' 78° 50' And he adds : 30 " The country lying round Hud.son's Bay, or the country of the Esquimaux, comprehended Labra- dor, New Britain, and North Wales, has obtained the general name of New Britain, and is attached to the Government of Lower Canada. A superintendent of trade, appointed by the Governor-General of the four Pivwinces, and responsible to him, resides at l^abrador. " Before the Canadian merchants pursued the fur trade with such diligence as they now do through the lakes, and had penetrated into the interior parts of the Hudson's Bay, a great number of Indians used to come annually down to the (Company's settlements to barter their skins ; and although the Company have now, in a great measure, lost the benefit of this lucrative traffic, it may not be amiss to mention the manner in which the Indians prosecute their voyages to the factories. "The merchants from Canada have been heard to acknowledge that were the Hudson's Bay Com- 40 pany to prosecute thi.'ir inland trade in a spirited manner, they must soon be obliged to give up all thoughts of penetrating into the country, as from the vicinity of the Company's factories to the inland posts, they can afford to undersell them in every branch. "To explain this emulation between the Company and the Canadian traders, it will be necessary to review the state of the Company in the year 1773. About that time, the Canadian traders from Montreal, actuated by a laudable .spirit of industry and adventure, and experiencing the peculiar * Histuire et Commerce dea Colonies Aiiglaises dans rAmSrique Septentrionale. London 1775. + Hiatorical, Geographical, and Philoiophical View of the United Stiitea. and of thn KurouRtin SnttlemBnta jn America and the West Indies, 1795. t 9th, 1769. g presented a ied for by the be graciously be stipulations I the inclosed anta, Balifax, Jenyns, rAMii;roN, PER. It 589 advantages that rosulted from thoir exertions. ha.l 1. come so numerous and indefatigable at the heap Ino o'fT/lX^^ ''""^--^ - --'' -^'-t at o th Cn canoes of Upland Indians perished on their return to their own country." 1798.-" The whole of the settlements in New Britain are as follows :-Abbitibbi Frederick E.st Main and Brunswick Houses, Moose Fort, Henley, Gloucester and Osnabur. Houses and a Hous! o 1« TTn' r-ke^Severn or New Severn, York Fort or Nelson. Churchill Fort" or Prrce f Wa"s Fort !:^'::^^^^-'''''--' '-'^^^'^- «-- ^'^ '- ^^ the westernmost setem:::! 27' 20".» Buckingham House, or lat. 5.5° 32', W. long. 106° Joint Appendix. Si-c. vir. HuiittDii's Bay Riijhla (nut Claims. Hudson's Bay 0i)nipui»y'8 Posts, 1776-98 York, Albany 3 south branch > min. lat., and Bay Company 20 SO hended Labra- is attached to nor-Qeneral of ow do through Der of Indians although the lot be amiss to una Bay Com- 40 to give up all s to the inland [ be necessary I traders from ; the peculiar I Settlenienti in i I Sec. VI.] ^Imperial Act, 49 Geo. 3, cap. 29, for reannexing part of Labrador to Newfoundland, etc., . itpra, PROCLAMATION OF MILES McDONELL, 1814 SETOXa FOKTH THE Ll.MlT.S OF THE Humos'S BaT CoMPANVs GkANT TO THE EaRL OF SfLKIHK ^\^..JfTTil"^?TTV^^ ^"'"P""^ Of Hudson's Bay have ceded to the Right Honourable Thomas, Earl of Selkirk his heirs, and successors, for ever, all that tract of land or teiritory bounded by a me running as follows, viz.: Beginning on the western shore of Lake Winnip at a po nt n fifty-two degrees and thirty minutes north latitude; and thence ninnin. due west o Lake Wi a^iish otherwise called Little Winuipic; then in a southerly direction through t^e a tke Jo fS stik Its western shore in latitude fifty-two degrees ; then due west to the pLe where the paralle o{ hfty-two degrees north latitude intersects the western .'branch of Red River otierwU ailed Assiniboine ; then due south from that point of intersection to the height of land wh 1 "Zat ! ,' wato ,s running into Hudson s Bay from those of the Missouri and Mississippi Rivers • th in an 1 erly direction along the he ght of land to the soiire,. of H.f. r^\. .. w • • / ,' so river the. pri„»i,,„l b,„„eh ,rt the w,tor wh ; , , ; i" tt^ «tr.,„„ „f those ...tor, .„,, the ,„i,h„e of the J : ^ Z^ ^^'^■TtiJ^Z .:7 ' T'l the W,„„i„ic Riv„. .,,,1 the,„.e i,. ,. ..ortherl, ,lir..etio„ tl.,„,,,,t: '^tXe'wi Z ' t the ,:^?i'' ,"'T"' "","'=!'"« "f "•» f"'""!" «' P™»«n' f"mi„K settlement, „„ the Red River ,ithi„ pr„v,„o™j,™„red.„U_,.i»ed „ .bov^,ha„ be tai^en f»U^„» o^the col JT^^tllat „TL 1^ Proclamation grant to Earl of Selkirk, 1814. t'< Joint Appendix. Sec. VII. Muitsiin'i Hay Jiifjhts atid Claimi. PrKclamation grant to Kiitl of Selkirk, 1814. 590 accrue to the partie.s concerned, they will be paid for by British bills at the fustomary rate.s. And be it further made known, that whosoever .shall be detected in attempting to convey out,, or shall aid or a.ssi.st in carrying out, or attempting to carry out, any provisions prohihitcd as above, either by water or land, shall be taken into cu.stody, and prosecuted as the laws in such ca.ses direct; and the provisions so taken, as well a,s any goods and chattels of what nature soever, which may be taken along with them, and also the craft, carriages and cattle instrumental in carrying away the same to any ])art but to the settlement on Reil River, shall be forfeited. Given under my hand at Fort Daer [Pembina], the 8th of January, 1814. Miles McDonki-l, Governor. By order of the Governor, 10 John Spencer, Secretary. STATIONS OF THE HUDSON'S BAY COMPANY, AND THK NORTH-WEST COMPANY, RESPECTIVELY, AT THK PERIOD OF THEIR COALITION, 1820-21.» Stations of H. B. and N. W. CumoaDie*, 1820-21. Hudson's Bat Co.mpany's Stations: Northern Department. 1. York. 12. Upper Red River. 2. Severn. 13. Manitouba. 3. Churchill. 14. Swan River. 4. De Island. 15. Cumberland. 5. Deers Lake. 16. Carlton. 6. Rock Depot. 17. Edmonton. 7. Island Lake. 18. Le.s,ser Slave Lake. 8. Norway House. 19. Isle a la Crosse. 9. Beren River. 20. Athabasca. 10. Lake La Pluie. 21. Peace River. 11. Red River. 22. Great Slave Lake. Southern Department. 1. Moose. 8. Osnaburgh. 2. New Brunswick. 9. Red Lake. 3. Kunogumesee. 10. East Main. 4. Michipicoton. 11. Neisqui.scar. 5. Albany. 12. Waswonappy, 6. Henley. 13. Rupert's Store. 7. Martin's Falls. 14. Whale River. North- West Company's Stations. 1. Fort William Depot. 20. Fort Vermilion. 2. Mils Lacs. 21. Fond du Lac. 3. Fort George (Columbia). 22. Moose Deer Island. 4. Williamette River. 23. Fort Providence. 5. Ney Percds. 24. Rivi^-re au Liard. 6. Thomson's River. 25. Fort Alexandria. 7. Okenagan. 26. Fort Good Hope. 8. Spokan. 27. Lesser Slave Lake. 9. Flat Heads. 28. Lac la Biche. 10. Koutonnais. 29, I.sle a la Crosse (English River), 11. Rocky Mountain House. 30. Green Lake. 12. Fort Chipevvyan (Athabasca). 31. Lac la Hoche. 13. Forks, Fraser River. 32. Lac la Rouge. 14. Fraser's Lake. 33. Lac Carribaux. 15. Stewart's Lake. 34. Fort Augustus (Fort des Prairies). 16. Mcleod's Lake. 35. Rocky Mountain House. 17. St. John.s. 36. Pembina River. • 18. Dunvegan. 37. Moose Lake. 10. Isle aux Sources. 38, Montee or Crossing Place. SO 30 40 50 * Statement furnished by the Hudson'i Bay Company to the Dominion Government for the purpoiei of th« arbitration. 591 KLL, Governor. 10 20 30 39. 40. 41. 42. 43. 44. 45. 46. 47. 48. 49. 5U. 51. 52. 53. 54. 65. 56. 67. 58. 59. 60. 61. 62. 63. 64. 65. 66. 67, 68, Nortii-West Company's Cumberland House. Moose Lake House. Swan River. Fort Dauphin. Alexandria. Riviere la Biche. Fida Perdrix. Beaver (Veok (Reii River). Riviere la Souris. Grand I'ointe. Rivii're au Pemhina. Forks. Fort Alexander (Lake Winnipeg) Riviere au Morts. Tete au Brocliet. Lac «ty King Charles the Second, dated 2nd Mav 167(. h. ' K- u .u 40 Hudson s Bay Company was constituted, His Majesty granted to the ctmply If follows L"'"' ''^ do giZ;!rnTf!:;isi:ro\rs:rdi;"' '' ':, p^^^^--^'^' ^- — '-^- -^ --essors and connnerce of all the seas stra t 1^' ^ ft 'P'' "'' ""'^ """'^^'^^«' ^'^ ^^-^ ^rade tbey shall be, that lie wa 1 tt; M In 'e 'o^' T^^^' ""'^ T' uT'"' " "'^^'^"'^-^ ^^^^^^^e with all the lands and territories :;;::z i^:::;:::^::!::^^ tl"t:'ett ''^-'-^ whales, sturgeons and dl o 1 er rova 1 e^ tT" k' "' T' "^*' ''"' '^*^"^ '' ^'' «-^'^ ^'^^^ the fish therein taken, ^ gete Tth t " hv If the , "^^ ll '^"^ "^"^ "'"'" ^'^^ "--'-•^' ^^ 60 and all mines royal, a; w^.l disc::t> s not dL^^^^^^^^^ ^T'' "^'^ ''' """^^ ^^"^^^^^^' found or discovered within the territorieriir^'f , , . ' ^°'"' ^""^ ^'■'''''°"« ''^°''^^' *« be henceforth reckoned «„d ep^ted a on f our 1 7/ ' "'""'' '"' ''^* ''" '^^'' '^^ ^^ f™- -j^r^iniM^on^^ourpl^n^^ America, called ' nupert's Land. Joint Arp" ji. Sec. VII. Hudson's Bay ('infipattt/*$ Rijlhtt and Claimi, Statiims of Hu(Ihoii'« Hay and N. W. C.im- psiiii'H, 1820-1 Hudeon'a Bay Company's statement of Tights, 1850. p ji. ♦Appendix No. 17,^b«. Papei^Canada, Vol. XV.7l857^ 592 right., IKM). successors for ever to be hol.Ien of n« n, 1 , (governor an.l Company, an.l tl.eir our Cou„tv of Kent „ fr , 1 "" "" T''''"""''" '^^ '^' "'"• ""^""'- "t" ^'^''' Greenwich, in raving yearly t^nc /:.:'"''" '"'T' 7"' ""' ' " ""'"■'" '' '^' ''"'"''*'^ ''«-^-- J-'J'"^ -^ anil as often as wc'; hr ".:"''''. n I """' '"" ^'"' ""'' '"° '''''"' ''"■^^■"•^' whensoever 10 regions l.ereby .M-lnri.' "' ''"" '"^P^'*-'" **^ "*^"- '"^" ^'^ -''1 --"--. ^--t<'ries and of i^::!:ZZ:!;::^:Z:^:Z:^r^^ ^^^i-. .... cccise. .on.inion as a.so.nte proprietors particlarlv .leHne.l i„ tl, !. "'"'""' '*' ''" ^''"'"•aced l.y the terms of the grant, an.l which are more 'ght j;: -ding :: ih:se izr"''"" '"^^ ^ ^"' *'^^ '^^^^'-'^^ '^'^--^^^ -^ "^^>^-> ^'- -^'-'v^ instan.s. received ;^;j:^„S:^;rc;:;:;:i "" '^'^" '' ''' """""^"^ ^^-'"' '" '-'-^ expressly refers to their Ivin 'Lo^thw.. '/ ^^ ,'"'"''' '" ''^'^^■•i'^i"^' *'>« l-oun.laries of Canada, Merchants Advent t L-Zirvu!; '; •^-^'■-- .^--'a'T of the territories granted to the existence of snch a grant u. ^tl. t £ T f ^ ^"^ ' . """'^ '^''^^"""^ •■^^"^'■''^•'"^' ^^"^ A„.,in nn A f ' '^t^" "^' to the known boundary on the south of the territory so granted exte.:d^ ;;r ^urri.:;,: ;r;' T' •' i- r^- -^ "^"- ^- ^' ^^'« ^-^-'^-^ -^^ ' - ^ Trial an-rPunislunen^on. s :^ r :^'^Z ^d Otf''"^'"^. '"^^^ ^^' "^^'^"^ ''^^^'^ '^ ^"^^ S;;;^^r^:-^-r;hf±^^^ Should be considered as if J.:^:Z^:^:]-^^:::^-Z ^II'^ r ''-' -' -- 30 Bay amlit;; lZ:':iu.:^S;':::^'r ^ ----« Po-^ed ^ the Hudson, could not be said not to be cognizable byany i u r H n i'T ""''^ T""" """'" ^"""^"^^ Co,„pany had a distinct Juriilietion clw^Znt bv^ ('r'/""'";''' " "" ""'^°"'^ ^'^>^ and 2nd Geo. 4, c. «(>, intituled " An A.^t 7, ? u ^.. n. ^'■*''' ^" "^"^ ^'^' ^^^^^^ '" ^^e 1st Civil Jurisdicti;n within certain pa"tf of Nort h^A '"' M "i "^r'^' ""' -^'^'^'-'-^' '^ ^'-'-'al and entertained whether the provtlC nt Act 'f r "'''r' !' T'""'' '■^''^'' ""^'"^ ^''^^ ''""^^^ ^^^'^ l>-° to the Governor and Co, pa^o Adv ntu;^r of K ' , "' ?'T' "' *'" ^^"''^'"'^^^ ^'''"''^' ''y ^^-'•^- expedient that such doubts Z die eovV >".f ""^ ";"''"° '"''^ ""''^""'^ ^'^>' ^"^ t*^'-* ^^ was declared and enacted, that the p ti'ts ;f U ^t o ^Vg'^ T^^'t! 'l '""'T '^'''''''' '' ^^ extend to and over and to be in fnll f > ., , ' ^°"''^ ^'^ '^"'""^^l ^^^^ construed, '■ to 40 Hudson's Bay Company "hus a Jid::crr ""'''' f ''^^/-"^-'- ^^^--^ofore granted to the as the jurisdiction :^/;he ^^1 ^ ^. ^^Z:^: l^^''^;" ''T' °^ ^^^ -'' ^ ^^ affect the rights, privi.ecres authoritv or i„,-i. Z f .. rr t^,^' "«tl'"'fe' '''"rem contained should from that period.'the C mpa'y and tl^ CW lia^C 1 "'""' ^'^ ^'"'"P^"^^ *"'^' ^'^ -«-quence. offence. coLnitted within'the'te^L^s'of^^^^^^^^^^^ j-^-^"^^^'- - to (Jourt to make, grant, or give licenses for fh^ ^v.V • •, , ''■ P"'^""* '^^'^ ^'ven to the I.arts of North America a! lo^^^/'^Z' ^7''"'' °' *T^'"» "^^»^ *»- ^^^ians in all such and territories granted to the Gove Jr a^ ComTf "f f T'^ '" '"'^""'■^ '"^ ''''"^' '"^^ "^ ^^^ ^^^ Bay. and not bdng part of any of tlT Cro fn Prov n7 M 7^.""" °' '^"^''"'^ ^•■'^'^'"^' ^« ""^«-'« belonging to the Uu ted States o 1^0^! '" """"' '"""""' "' "' ''•">' '^^^ ^ ^-"^-ies 50 593 By virtue of licenses granted under the powers of M,i« Am n n exclumvB rigl.ts of trading beyond the limits of tWir n / •. ' ? *^'""l"'^">' »'•« -entitled to cortnin a...^., .»«„,.„, ..\,,i , . J:wX'tLT.:tr;;;,:L'';;:i:j::;s:: "°" - V\ ith regard to taxation an.l ^«'1 '» ^''^ "^ ^1"^ 10 tinuance of the said trade or ".ftc Z 1 '"■- ''^■"^"' ""'^ '"'' '^' ""''''' advancen.ent and con- ordinances so nmde, to tn sea ^d ex 1':;; .'"V"' f" T"" ''^"^' constitutions, orders and Ba.ne or any of th.Mu, L th ocea il s d r 't' T-'^ "' "'"'' '''^"""■*'' ^'^ ''''^"'^^ ^"^ ^'^-the Oon,,any. so often as the slX le or lain'o";'' ' . tr , '' "'^ ''"V'^"' ^'"^ ^''^ '^'"^^ «--"- -^ ordinances, in such (or,, al 2 s- W sh.dl tl "^ '^^''^ ^"^ '""'^ laws, constitutions, orders and pai..s, penalties and punis" ne.^ "1 1^.;"' ,""^' ''^T^""^ -pose. ordain, lin.it and provide such ordinances, or any of then/at"'the sail r"' T.'™''^' '" "'''' ''^^^'^' consututions, orders and of then, th.n and there i.^ r efe.t tt rid"'' "n ^""T"^/"" '" "'"^ ''''"'"^•"'' ^'^ «'-^-' i^'* necessary, requisite or converi 7^0 L /^^ '^'^ ^''""^ '^'^^'^^■^ ""«)' ^'^'^'l •'"^«™ ordinances; and the s.rZs ll "'^'^'-''•^'^t'"" "^ *!'« «anie laws, constitutions, orders and 20 tin.e to time lo b ppti L ^ that pZoTr^^ t'' Tf ""^^' '^>' ^''^^^ "'"-^ -'^' -"-vant. fr'u Company, and their succ si wthlrr r ' ^ 'f'^ ''''^' '" "'^ ""'^ "^ ^'^'^ '"^^'^ ««v*^rnor and office'rs or n.inisters ot C u^ hli^t oT u ces^^^^^^^ ";■ '"'' ^'^■"■^ '""' ■^"'^--°-' -' ^^-^y ^^ the successors to be made, s^ aTways as ^ - ' '^^^^ ^ "■'^' ""•■ '"''" °'' ■amerciaments.be reasonable and ntt col "'' '""■^^'^"^'«"'^- "^'J^'-^ and ordinances, fines and laws, statutes., eustorof th t:^^^^^^ ""^ ^ "- - ->• ^^^ -^g-eable to the tories, plantations, fort., fortifications foe ori.st^ ' ^T''^''^' " ""^' ^" ''^"'^■^- ''^^^^'' t^-'^"- are or shall be. within n^T^^o/T 7 ^" «'^\7' -''^-/he said Company's foctories and trade under the powe; and connirof ltd Go^^^^^^^^^^^^^ '' T'''''''' ^"^ fn.m henceforth the said Governor and Com.mnv an- o! 1 . .<-""'P'"iy, their successors. and assigns ; and 30 ofiicers to govern them/ Zutrp r^h^^^^ '''' '"'^l^ ^^^-''-^ -'^ '" ^^her respective places where the said Com,>^ n v M . """'' ''"^' '"'^ ^-'""""' ^^ ^^^ '^^^^ral and of Lde wUhin any of t eTuirir nr r ^-r ' TT '"'^' '^''^^^^''^-^- -!-"- or places persons belonging^ the :^::^:Z ^^ ^Z'Zl^f ''''' 'nr^^ '^ ^'"''^ ^'' whether civil or criminal accordin.r fo f 1,. 1 . T ?■ ,° " '' ^''^™' ^'^ ^^^ causes, and in case any crime or Z mlor 1 a T ^^-r ^'^'"^'J-"- and to execute justice accordingly forts, foctories, or places of adewfZtt^^^^ , 'T.T f '" '"^ °' *'" ■^'^'^' Con.pany's plantations for want of a Govl-no 1^001^ 1 hi " T ''""•"'; ^'-^ J-'-ature cannot be executed Factor of that place an li "ut To '^^^^^^^^^^^^ ^'^^ -'^ ^^ lawful for the chief phuxtation, facto y or fort where there s^ 11 T Pa^'ty, together with the ofience, to such other 40 or into this kingdom of EnTdand t Ll hi 1 ^"'7 "'"^ '^"""="' ^^"" J"^"'^^^ '"^^ ^' -<^c"t«J' as the nature of" his ofienS stll le:vi" ' ""' """"^'^^' *'"" ^'^ ^^^^^^^ ^^'^ ^-^^--^ appointed proper o.L, who :^:r^!^:L^T:z:^: is -"i^:!"^ *^" ^--- '-^ As already observed, the Canadian Courts have now a concurrent jurisdiction with the Company Hghti^ j;:;:nS "^z::. ::rr r i^r^^i;?"^^-^ -- -- — - - .ener. 50 therein contained shall evf.nd 0^^^ iru d t I c°"tams an express proviso, that " nothing Privile^ of or belonging to the C.ov:r:^ii;;f;:;- ^S^:- ^ ^ iToisT Al'l'KNUU. Sec. VII, Hiiiduin'ii Hat/ font/taiif/'n JtiiilUt and Clitmt. itiiilmin'H Hay ''iiiii|iaiiy'B HtlltMlirilt of ritfhta. ISfiO. 1 .lolNI Al'l-KNIHX. Hec. VII. Jiuifton't Half Siflhtii a nd ('taiiim. HiKJiiiii'ii Hay Coiii|iany'ii Htatiiim>iit if riKlitH, law. 504 discovert !r.rr,V" ''!"' "'■" '." ^'' ''"' '"^^""' <'^ "'"• -• ^- ' ')• '«'• ^-"^'"^' '^ -wan! for th« X '.nail r :;;r •'":'" ,""""^''' "'"'-'•-^tnutsjt «-,... x,.,- a pn,vi.ie.l that • nothing re.i.ll!.'; sei^L^wI'" "f Trf? 'T 'T'" ^''""'"' "'• ^■•^'"^'^•'•' '•>' *''^' ^'"'"l-ny, an.l until a colony of Xi 1 "s^ofThr ' "''^^ '" ^'""'""^'^ """ .servants, the I'on.pany ddVayed'the Tut nee'l o Iv «^^ f '^'"'r.rf •^^, '''«"• '-"t""- without the ai.l of any contribution whatever; 80 Lraml r Ifvir„t"T ' ; ■: T ";"" '^ ^''''"''^^'"" ^^'^'' ^''^ ~»ity. ..,...« their beeonung m nt of Z coTonV bi tt ■' • : ' u""-'^' '*''""'' "^"'"''"'•^ ^"^^'"''■^ '"^^ ^^I-'"-'^ «»' ^1- govern ment ol the colony , but the nmui charge has continued to be borne by the Company. j,, THE HUDSON'S BAY COMPANY'S STATEMENT AS TO THEIR TRADE WITH THE INTERIOR, PRIOR TO 17G3.» ""StTXl"' ^^ 1 1- ''\ ?"''^', """" ^'"^ ^^' ^^' ^^'■'''"^•'^ ^^'^ °PP"«''^'«" °f wandering traders (ro^reurs cZ., bois) '-.,:.i!;i,.::j;t ;;:t.;\:-r'^ f ''"";^'":^,^" ^"- -p ^•'-- ---i ".othod^f trading z:™ '""" i::^.U:^:l^:il:lr ""' '^^ ^'^^ '^•^' *-' ^'^'^^^^ ^^-^"^ '-^ barter thefurstvhlch the Indians theirbuiid.:r^::::^c.:i:zt:::f^r:rrs:^ ^-— ^ partilfL'tS S^lSlf '" *;f ''.^r'^"«'>' f -^^''- -^-'>-' tl- field of their operations. and sent 20 compaiL „X prX.d . ,1 Tr%"" '"""."'"':°"'' "'•"""""•■ ™" "y*"' »f «'»« INFORMATION UELATINO TO THE BOUNDAmm 30 Sir, Rieht Hon. Mr. Goschen to .Sec'y of State (Can- ada), 12 Dec, 1876. Hudson's Bay House, London, 12th December, 1876. of u.e Lij. L..„ ., u,c ix:iw':f^i "i^orr-rs tzriT.^it-: z ')7': wl.o»e wate™ Bow into H„d,„„'., B,y ; and o„ tho „o,tl, by the Arctic Ocea„ ' "'' «» fUhet™e»l^p^™^„ni^eb^^ .h, cWpany had .ot extended their ,o,u and ♦From the "Statement of the Hudson's Bay Comoanv t«57 " nn 4 r ti,- • . j — theCon.panytotheDonnnUK^'mS'for^hPeJu'rposS '^^ ^"™-^'«'^ »>/ tf II rowan! for tlio idt'il that ' notliin^j lio cMtatoH, rigliUi or (1 until n ('olony of pftiiy ilcfmywl tlio rilmtioii wlmtever; )on tlieir becoming iHCs of the govern- 10 DE WITH THE eoureura des hoia) <;. Their servants which the Indians ng in the track of erritories, and by icnitions, and sent 20 ig interests were lich thus became vo years a most any established a System of close s of violence and v&l Companies. 595 lOfrovinc^cf l.|,|«r('»"Il '^'" .,«.nor», .„,! ,l,„„.i„,. e„rUi„ b„,.„,i„i„. f", „,: I have, etc., The Honourable K. W. Scott, ' -" '^'-'^ '•'" leagues, which they call'a en r>- ng , la b !ut h "''^ "'''" ''^ "'"•'''"' '""''"" "^ "^''""^ ^^•'•- land in those plaL to tl Jn.xt.it i^^" U Rivic^re d. I'ortage ; henc'. t u ,w i. o t '" "^ r^J '""^"'"^ '-^ " ^■*^'>' «''"""- "-' ™"ecl 20 1:^0 leagues to the Ri;er O o U^ Xc^ t O^ hTn ^ " T ^'"^^ T'""'""'' ^'•*^'" ^''-^ '^»-* ^... the Mississip,,.hieh e....^: ;^t;;s^i:-^::.-r ^^^^^^^ there. Along tin! lake they p , l^.rtt Tlc^ t 'I'^H ' fT '"'" '"""'''^•^ ^''^'^-^ --* about ion leagues; henee fhey pro ej o 1 e St^^a^f V^^^^^^^^^^ garrison of about thirty Frtlh anda v-tlt // , '''""^ ^"^ '^"*«"<'-^' M^"« >^ a 30 Indians, being a connaon p ^ Vt:!:,;: ""^^an 1 f.-""' r'"^"^/~^^ '-^^ t'-" ^OOO. besides are settled. ^ •- ct rendezvous. At and near this place the Outarwas, an Indian nation. breacUnnd':f\'t""Tp:hlX tf .^^ Miehi,lin.aek,nack four leagues, being two in situated on the ,atuu, o t ' Ri ^ ^wlo'ZL "" ''' 'T^'"'"^ "" ''' '^^^ ^« Fort 'Miamis. Mia.is. who are settled on the fo:i:^::^:^r^:::':^:z:z tz '"'^^^ -' ''- ^^-^ "^'-' ^^^-^ .ilea to the Kiver Illinois .Irt^^tl^^r^;;^ ^^ ^ Zls^^^r " ^"^^^ ^^ *- .0 thenitr iir ^.ire^;:t;';;:^tr : ^^^ ^^'t " *^^ ^^^^ ^^ ^"- '^^-^ '-^-- JotNT Ai'piNim. Soo.~VIll. DIhrr KnuHih lii'i'Kiiuntii. Tlnill'IW to thr Kri'iicli ripiiti'M t(i tile .MJNHJHHippi. nth Septem- 1«T, I'l'l. 598 Appendix. These distances are as the traders reckon them, but they appear geni'ally to be much ovenlone, SecTvill. which may be owing to those people coasting along the shores of the lakes .md taking in all the wind- Otter Emjiish ings of the rivers. Documents, "^Sir^n^K^i"; JOINT OPINION OF THE ATTORNEY AND SOLIUITOR-GENEllAL, SIR DUDLEY RYDER Murray.^ ' AND SIR WILLIAM MURRAY, ON THE HUDSON'S BAY CO.'S CHARTER, 1748. To the Right Honourable the Lords of Conmiittoc of His Majesty s Most Honourable Rr)\y Council. May it please your Lordships : In humble oliediunce to Your Lordships' Order in Council of the 4th of February last, representing that by an Order in Council, buaiiug date the :2Gth d(iy of January last, tliL'ru was relened to Your Lordships the humble petition of Arthur Dobbs, Vmi, and tlie n'st of the Conuuittee appointed by the 10 subscribers for finding out a passage to the Western and Southern Ocean of America, for tiiemselves and tile other adventurers, and tliat Your Lordships having taken the said petition into consideration were pleased to refer the same to us to consider thereof, and to report our opinion thereupon to Your Lordships. Which petition sets forth that the petitioners, in the year 1740, did, at their own costs and charges lit out two ships upon an expudition in searcli (if t!.c north-west passage to the western and soutliern ocean ol' America, in order to extend the trade and increase the wealth and power of Great Hritain b^ finding out new countrius and nations to trade with us, as w ell in the great north-western continent of America, beyond Hudson's liay, us in countries still further distant and hitherto unknown to the Euro- peans, and also to numy large and populous islands in that great western ocean. 20 That the petitioners, by means of the .said expedition, have maany. have they allinved any other of His Majesty's subjects to plant, settle, or any of the countries adjoining to the Bay, granted to them by their charter, yet have connived 599 last, representing at or allowed tlu; Frent'h to encroach, settle an.l trade within their limits on the south side of the Bay tu the great detiiiiicnt and loss of Great Britain. That the petitioners being desirous to pursue the diacovery of the passage to the Southern Ocean of America, hy land or l.y water, will engage not only to prosecute tlie same until it be thoroughly dis- covered as far as pra.'ticablo, but also to settle and improve the lan.l in all the countries on that northerncontment, by making alliance, with and civilizing the natives ami incorporating with them and by that means lay a foundati,;n tor their becoming Cln-istians and iiuhistrious subjects of His Majesty, and also extend the British trade into the heart of thi.t northern continent ar.mnd the Bay, ^^ and mto sucli countries as they may .liscover beyond it in the Western Ocean, and to use tlici. 'tmost endeavours to prevent the French encroachments upon the British rights and trade in that continent. In order, tlierefore, w enable the petitioners to prosecute and bring to perfection so valuable a dis- covery, and to civilize the natives and settle the lands without loss of time, and that the trade and settlement of sucli extensive countries may not be longer delayed oi- perhaps forever lost to His Majesty and his successors by the encroachments of the French. The petitioners most humbly pray that His Majesty would be graciously plea.sed to incorporate the petitioners and the other subscribers fur finding out the said passage or such of them and such other persons as they shall engage in the said undertaking, and their successors forever, and grant to them the property of all tlie lan.ls which they .slmll discover, .settle, and plant in a limited time in the northern ^y continent of America, adjoining to Hudson's Bay and Streights, not already occupied and settled by the present Company of Adventurers trading to Hudson's Bay, with the like privileges and royalties as were granted to the said Company, and that His Majesty would be ploas.Ml togrant"unt(j the petitioners (during the infiiney of their settlements,) an exclusive trade, for such a term of years as may be granted to di.scoverers of now arts and trade, to all su(;li countries into which they shall extend their traile by land or l)y water, not already granted l)y Act of Pariiament to other compatiies, reserving to the present Company of Adventurers trading to Hudson's Bay all the forts, factories and settlements, they at present occupy and possess, with a reasonable distiict round each of tlieir possessions an.l factories ; or that His Maje.sty would be plea.sed to gi'iint the i)etitioners such other relief and encouragement a.s to His Majesty in his great wi.sdom siiould .seem meet. We have taken the same into consideration, and have been atten.led by counsel both in behalf of Joint Appendix. Sec. VIII. Othrr Engtiih JJociniientti. J"iiit opinion Sir I). Kyiler and .Sir W. .Murniy, 1748. 30 the petitioners and the Hudson's Bay Company, who oppose the petition as it interferes with their Charter. The petitionee insi.sted on two general things: that the Company's Charter was either void in its original creation, or became Forfeited by tiie Company's conduct umler it. That the petitioners have by their late attempts to discover the North-West Passage and naviga- tion in those parts merited the favour petitioned ft)r. As to the first, the petitioners endeavoured to show, that the grant of the country and territories included in the Company's Charter was void for the uncertainty of its extent, being bounded by no limits of mount.iins, rivers, se,. f, latitude or longitude, and thiit the grant of the exclusive trade within 40 such limits as there wt re, wius a munoi)oly, and void on that account. With respect to both tlie.se, considering how long the Company have enjoyed and acted under this cliarter without interruption or encroachment, we cai.not think it advisable for His Majesty to make any express or implied declaration against the valiiUty of it, till there has been .some judgment of a Court of .Justice to warrant it; and the rather because if the charter is void in either respect, there is nothing to hinder the petitioners from exercising the same trade which the Company now carries on; and the petitioners' own grant, if obtaine.l, will itself be liable in a great degree to the same objection. As to the supposed forfeiture of the Company's ( liarter by non-user or abuser, the charge upon that head is of several sorts, viz.: That they have not di.scovored nor sufficiently attempted to discover the North-Wo-st Passage into the South Seas or Wastern Ocean. 50 That they have not extended their settlements through the limits of their Charter. 600 li Joint Al'I'KNDIX. Sec. VIII. Othir Knijliah Dtieumints. Joint npinioii, Sir n. Kv reply to the }femolrs of the Commissioners Tocl"Z?' . , . '' ^^'''''""'"'' ''^">''y of flu- iUst Heptembr.r, 17r>0,and Ih,' 1 Ith Januarii, 1751. 1751, X d.s Miction ought to be made between the voyages that have been directed towards the continent of North America, with the design of making plantations an.l establishing colonies, and those which have m.t been un.lertaken with this vie«' ; and among the latter, those which were confined to simple attempts which proved unproductive, with those which have been followed by the formation of solid estabbshmcTits, actually existing, or which would have subsisted if son.e European power had not 30 destroyed them. ' The English View. ^^tircom- ^^'"^Z^'^ W^^<^nted by His Majesty's Commissaires to the Commissaires of His Most Christian mu.mn«r8 in Majesty, in reply to their Memorial oftlieith October. 17ot. ronceruixg Nova Scotia or Acadia. foi;^oing. The French Commis.saires, in the two first articles of their Memorial, have given an historical sum- raary account of the first voyages made by the English and French, for the discoverv an.l settlement of North A-^erica, to which, and to the arguments drawn from it, it would be sufiicieiit to answer in gen- eral, that the .piestion now in .iiscussion is not which mition has the right t.. Acadia or Nova Scotia but what were the ancient limits of that country; that several treaties between the two Crowns have' ong since interp.>sed to determine upon, an.l in.lee.l annul, any claim from the earliest discovery or set- ^n tlenient, and tnat very little information can be reasonably exp.^cte.l for deciding what were the ancient boundaries ot this country fr..m the pr.icee,lings of th.we who first discovere.l it, or the relations of tlieir voyages, ,t being well known how indistinctly first discoveries of all countries have been made (every pilotor a. iniral taking possession of a vast tract .)f a country he never saw, upon the pretence of hav- ing lande,l in a part of it), and in how very imperfect and suspicious a manner the relations of those vovaws have come down fo ^^ fTo porrer-t ih,- r>.;^*nl-,.c nnri 1 i ii i li i i • • . ,'. , ^ t-uiicLL tnc mis;,akcs ana .sliuw tiiat they d.j not acnuie.«ce m the Churn of precedency set up by the French Couimissaires. the English Commissioners consent to enter 10 ve for that pur- J oncouiiiged tlie 1 sides (herewith ;t, or ill a great lie same passage fter in that dis- reafter bu found smpt of the like from the use of )rotection of the utiier it will be in upon that of interest of two r like exclusive llYDKR, 20 MUUUAY. ( Coviminsionera 1, 1751. ds the continent md those which nfined to simple rination of solid power had not 30 Most Christian or Aaulid. historical suni- d settlement of answer in gen- V Nova Scotia o Crowns have iscovery or set- 4Q ere the ancient ilatioiis of their ill made (every •etencc of hav- itions of those cquiesce in the )nsent to enter 601 IreVistorr"'!' '"'1 ^"'".f " ^"Tr ""'^'-^ '^" '"'^'- """'' '"'""^'^•>' ^'-" ^''- '"'" ♦I- examination of vceHa n 7 7 "'" ""^'"^T' """''^ '" '"^ ''^'''' ^^^^ ^^^ P™P- ^'^J^'^'' l>''>f--« -■ to assist in f uTonirmr'T ■' r"'"° l'^ "'■ "'^•-"^ °*" ^^^^^ P^^^"* ^"^^--y- -^ ^° P--^ *« -^ the decision or It upon insuHicient evidence and improper inquiry. theretver'nn'f'^'H '''"°"' •" '"'^ "'f''"'^ ^Hscussions, of rights founded upon earliest discovery, was there ever any further enquiry made than which was the earliest discovery f-and such discovery once dertaking. o, whether the ships were originally destined for that particular design, or if the single object 10 s entLTv'n!:"" ""'"f ""' ' ^'''"^^''■"" °" '''' Particular co.st 1 SureFy 'this wav of Reasoning upon su 1 Isni 1 '■ "•; '"' r 7''/"' "^^"'"^ "" '''^' ''"""'^^'^^ "'•"" ^^'-'i'^^*^ Ji««— y t° be arraigned upon such a subtle but groundless distinction. As to the particulars brought in support of it, such of I.?! iT '"^ ""^'f '' *'"^ "°" *^"''- "'' ""^^■^'^«^' -•> -<^1' - -- true signify nothing. Hel V VII irrilT;'""; • '", r .f r ^"^'°" "'" ^^^ '^^^''^"^"'••^ "^ ^^^b^^- °«t -'^^ - ^L part ^f bl? f- . " •'^.'"P«^'"«'' mailed under Cabofs command ha.l been defrayed at his expense and !ermi si 7T ' \ T. " 'P^"" ''"•" *'" '"''' "'''•""'>• '^'''' ^^'^''''i- "^ '^''iP^ »- l^-al't by the Kings pe m ssion. several others accompanied him. fitted out by private merchants subjects of Great Britatn. ^ a ion 11' P-ties to he undertaking. It would also be a circumstance very favourable to the inter- h !e.t 1 a t^ iT" ,^7!"'-^^'^"-'^^ P"^ "P- this voyage, if Henry VII. had not in his Letters Patent .., wl ) I , r'^ ] '"T'" *" '"""^'^ '^"^ "^ '"^ ^'•°""- d"""'""-^ '^"d royalty in all the lands shal hoi fill' 1T\ "; "f T ^ "^^'^^ ' '"'' '' '' ^-^P'-''-^^^' ^^-- -'^'- ^bat Cabot and his heirs shall hold all such lands as he .shall di.scover an.l settle, as vi^ssals of the Crown, though the immediate p.oht of he voyage, and various exemptions in holding what lands shall be discovered, are granted to Cabot and his heirs as rewards for their industry, and a recompense for their expense. These two ob- jections, the:x.fore, which if t y were well grounded would have some weight, are founded upon circum- stances which are not true. o . 1 .foiVT Al'l'KNDIX. Spc. VIII. Othir EngluK iJoeiimentt. Mpinorial of British Oom- niisHinnora in reply ti> foregoiuf. EXTRACTS FROM GOVERNOR POWNALL'S OFFICIAL ACX^OUNT OF THE FRENCH POSTS ;>THE FRENCH DOMINION IN NORTH AMERICA, 1756.* force'!^\n!rf fi h" •' "^''^ '**""P!'^ '" 'f'^' themselves in these parts, endeavoured to penetrate by Governor toice ot aims, to fix their possessions by military expeditions. . . .But thev fell afterwards into fl./f ^'"*"''"'' 30 only path, in which the real spirit and nature of the service led. altcnvards into that ^^^ntof The native inhabitants (the Indians) of this country are all hunters; all the laws of nations they know o, acknowledge are the laws of sporting, and the chief i.lea which they have of landed posses- sions js tha of a hunt. The French settlers of Canada univer.sally commenced hunters, and !n ated themselves into a connection with these natives. themT,!" anflf.'.?''' '"^f ""T'tT '!'"' ""'"' "'^'^ ''"^ ^"'"'^"■^ ^^ ^""^'"••''' ••^"'' communicated with admit hem t'V';"fr° '" "" '"" '"' ''^''' ''' sporting, the Indians did easily and readily admit them to a local landed possession ; a grant which, rightly acquired and applied, they are always ady to make, as none of the rights or interests of their nation are hurt by it While, on the contraiy they experience and receive great use, benefits and profits from the commerce which the Europeaifs' 40 therein e.stabli.sh w'th them. • » * i^uiopuuis y n.o7''' ^''"'^ possessions interfere not with the Indians' rights, but aid and assist their interest, and uIZlIV^nTt "^"T'^ ^'" -'1—learly and better appear, by a more minute Ld paiticular attenti )n to the French measures in these mattei-s. 1st. No Canadian is suflFered to trade with the Indians, but by license from the Government and under such regulations as that license ordains. The main police of which is this: The OovLment drndes th^dm^o^ries into^any hunts, according^ by the Indians "w' founded £o,r' 'S u;Crr'of":,rut'nt«;f n""r' rI.rP^«"'« « ^^r^r^n 7f"..p7r-.tio„raa ed. London: 1766. ' ^ ' P'^"'"-''**'! t". "'• Koyal Highnoss the Duko of Cumberland, 1756. 3rd 76 French poits, etc., 1750. 602 .loiNI' APPSNDIX. Sec. VIII. Other Enffliih DoeunirnU. Governor I'owiiairn account of Fr<;nch posts, etc.,175«. Helves. To tliese several hunts there are licenses respectively adapted, with regulations respecting the spirit of tlio nation wliose hunt it is; respecting the commerce and interest of that nation; respecting the nature of tliat luint. The Canadian having such license ought not to trade and hunt witliin the limits of such hunt, but according to the above regulations ; and he is hereby absolutely excluded under severe penalties to trade or hunt beyond these limits, on any account whatever. It were needless to iwint out the many good and beneficial effects arising from this police, which gave thus a right attention to the interest of the Indians, whicli observe the true spirit of the alliance in putting the trade upon a fair foundation, and which maintained all the rights and laws of the hunt, that the Indians mo.st indispensably exact. I q ^ But the consequence of the most important service which arises out of this police, is a regular, definite, preci.se, a.ssured knowledge of the countrv. A man whose interest and commerce are cii um.scribed within a certain department, will pry into an.l scrutinize every hole and corner of that district. When such a hunt is, by these means, as full of these conreiirs des bois as tlie commerce of it will bear, whoever applies for a license must betake him- self to some new tract or hunt, by which again begins an opening to new discoveries and fresh acquisitions. When the French have by tliese means established a hunt, a commerce, alliance and influence amongst the Indians of that tract, and have by tliese means acquired a knowledge of all the waters, passes portages, and posts, that may hold the command of that country-in short a military knowledge of the 20 ground— tlicn. and not before, they ask and obtain leave of the Indians to strengthen their tradin-r house, to make it a fort, to put a garrison in it. " In this manner, by becoming hunters and creating alliances with the Indians as brother sportsmen by foundmg that alliance upon, an.l maintaining it (according to the true spirit of the Indian law of nations) in a right coinmnnieatioiiaiulexerci.se of the true interest of the hunt, they have insinuated themselves into an influence over the Indians, have been admitted into a landed pos.ses,sion, and by locatingandfixingtho.sepo.sse.ssionsina!liancewith, andby the friendly guidance of the waters [of theSt. Lawrence and Mississippi, and of the Winnipeg system] whose influence extends throughout the whole, they are become possessed of a rail interest in, and real command over the country. They have thus throughout the country sixty or seventy forts, and almost aa many settlements. 30 which take the lead in the command of the country, not even one of which forts, without the above true spirit ot policy could they support, with all the expense and force of Canada; not all the power of i ranee could ; 'tis the Indian interest alone, that does maintain these posts. Having thus got po,s.session in any certain tract, and having one principal fort, they get leave to build other trading houses and entrei-ots, at length to strengthen such, and in fine to take possession of more advanced posts, and to fortify and garrison them, as little subordinate forts under the command of the principal one. Though these principal forts have subordinate forts dependent on them, they are yet independent of each other, and only under the command of the Governor-General ; there is a routine of duty settled for these, and the officers and commanders are removed to better and better commands. What the 40 particulars of this are, an.l of tlie distribution of the troops, I have not yet learned as to Canada- but in general the present establishment for this service is three thousand men, of which there are generally two thousand three or four hundred eflective. I have not been able yet to get an exact list of the forts in Canada, but the following is sufficient to sketch out tlie manner in whicli they conduct tliis service. It will be necessary first to describe the line which now divides Canada and Louisiana in the Illinois country. It begins from the Oubasch, at the mouth of Vermillion River, thence to the post calleii Le Rocher on the River Paeories, and from thence to the peninsula formed at the confluence of Rocky River and Mississippi. 60:] ia sufficient 10 KoitTs IN Canada [amongst others.] MiSSILIMAKINAK AND ITS DePENDKNCIES. I Piesijii' Fsle. Du QutSNE ' llivuto an Bcnuf. ( One otlier [ ? Macliault.] Le Detkoit Two f 'Twns proposncl. to the Court in tlie year 17r)2, to ( erect this into a Lieutenancy du Roy. The Port Miamis, and Sioux. TTwo or three. NipiGON J ^^^ °^ ^^® River Michipicoton. * One other on the L(>ng River. And one otlier. St. Joseph. Le Petit Paris. Aluu. Saguenay. Most of these forts have fine settlements around them, and they do entirely support themselves; It being usua' for both officers and men to defer receiving their pay tiH the garrison is relieved, which 20 is generally in six years; and acarce anything is sent to these garrisons, but .Iry goods an.l ammunition. There is a fine settlement at Detroit, of near two hundred families ; a better still at St. Joseph, of about two hundred ; a fine one at St. Antoine : many fine ones about Petit Paris. * » • The Establishments, Posts and Settlements of Louisiana, are [amongst others] as Follows ; — * ♦ * The Illinois six Companies 300 ' Caskasias. Fort de Chartrcs. Village de St. Philip, airie de Rocher. 30 Cohokias. (^Village de Ste. Jeune Veuve. The Arkansas, a less principal jwst, one eumpaiiy ,50 TheNatches one company .50 The Nachitoches one company 50 The Point Coupe one company 50 The German Settlement one company ,50 * * * As to the posts in the Illinois country, I am not able to de.scribe them particularly ; but what appears to be of more consocpience. I ccUect from Mr. Vaudreuil's letters (from 174.3 to 17,5:;') the general idea upon which the fortifying and securing that country is founded. 40 ^ The first fort of their plan in fortifying the Illinois country, was on the peninsula, in latitude 41" .10'. This was a check upon, and a barrier against the several nations of Siou.x (not then in con- federacy with them The next post in this plan was on the River Dorias (so called after the junction of the Illinois River and Theakiki), which would be of moie especial use, if .situated on the north of the lake of that river, whence the roads divide, that lead to Missilimackiuac and St. Jo.seph. This ho describes a.s the key to the Illinois country from Canada. The next is the garrisoning and fortifying the country, fnra the mouth of Missouris to Kas- kasias, where there are five posts. Mr. Vaudreuil thinks that Kaskasias is the principal, as it is the pass tloiNT ArPK.Niiix. Sec. VIU. Othir EwjHih J)uetimiiUt. (iovernor Piiwnall'B lUiClltlUt III l''ii'iich [mibU, etc., 1756. The posts were, in 1752 J ^"'"fl'^f ' Prairie I I ill i; 604 iMKumcnts, „ — ^'- J«"'luioro proposes nn,.fl * . "^"'^'^'on t" place this post in. * % tliese posts above an,] th.. . ^ .. , By these means, I reneat if l,o,.„ *i. They know too well the spi.-it of I„.}i«„ ,v ''^n'mand throughout the country. the Five nI L e" , ."" "'," '""'''""^' ^^ '-' '"-' ..""t li . ""'' "" "~'^'-^ - all the tradin. house a O '^ " ''^ ""^^ '''^"''""•^ "f our Itls T''"'''' ""^ ^'''^" ""'" °^» ^Uies, ""^"■o House atUswei'o anil nn..n. /^t , , interest, whicli n«ff >• fi. i /^ ' East. Esquimaux, St. Johns, Miemacks, Penol. scots, Noridgwulks, Ab(;nakais, St, Francis Indians, Cuchnewa-'e, Scautecoke, Oswegatchie. Senekecs, Onondagas, Cayugas, Oneidas, Tuskaroras, ^ Mn the French Interest. I Supposed to 1)0 in the I British interests, but fgreatly debauched by the French, Mohawks, Mehikanders, Delawares, Shawenese, Catawbas, Hherokees, Chickasaws, I Wholly in the Bntish J interest. ^Lost to the English, /-except a few on the ^ Susquehanah. ) Supposed in the Engli: \ \ 'nterest, but much de- ' ^a««'-J'cd by the French. Sioux, Nadoucsserios, Illinois, 'lawigtwaes, Miamis, Piankeshunaes, Waw^actaes. I'ic(iues, Kaskuskics, Caweta^, Abekas, Telapcmches, Alibamous, A.ssinipoeles, Adirondacks, Algonkins, Outawawaes, C'honinderbes or Hurons, Me,ssi.sag!!es Outagamics, West. French. 30 The four nations of the I' Creeks as above j North. Wholly French. 40 1 y Skaniadereroeanes. 605 id hunters of the rty, who was on ♦ • • Government of s Mr. Vaiuheuil, the En^'li.sh, and Catawabas and id fortified.* * y the form, site, liiince with the 10 *t^d of the coTu- Indians on the country. iient over the ''icy in all the Mr own allies, I effects (>f our -' great esteem 20 30 of the 40 [Indians of the Amkuican Continent.]— Cowiinuerf. East. West. South. 10 Osagaes, Akansaes, Chaetaws, Paiiimaes, Adiges. Sakis, (.'liristanaux, Aimipogins, Nipisenis. .Wholly French. Joint Appendix. .S«.c. VIII. Olhrr Engliik Ifdcuinentg, (i()verr,or PnwnaH'B at'Louiit (if French [xjati, etc., 1766. FRENCH SETTLEMENTS OF THE ILLINOIS, 1764. Cor.oNKL Bradstuekt on the P'rench Population of the Illinois and the Means of Subjecting it.* lam a.ssured, by persons lately from Illinois, that exclusively of the French garrison there, the c.ionel inhabitants arc six hundreil fition of near them, that Ihe latter will certainly endeavour to prevent the troops getting there by the Mississippi uw'""'"'"' 20 even should the Indians near the sea allow them to pass, which they think they will not, unless well paid for it, which will not answer what may perhai)s be expected. They add that this is their opinion also, that all attempts to get possession of the Illinois with less than three thousand men will fail, and that those troops should go down the Ohio River, and that the expedition be carried on with such secrecy, tliat they may enter the Mississippi ninety miles below Fort Chartros, before the inhabitants era have intelligence of it, and time to apprize all the savages. ^ eettlemtuts, 1764. Goy,^;iNOR Murray of Quebec to the Lords of TiuDE.f Quebec, 8th September, 1764. My Lords,— I very lately received your favour of the 20th May, and can with truth a.ssure your Governor Lordships that I have and ever shall pay due obedience to His Majesty's orders and instructions, and theFrendi'" 30 that I am not conscious of having any ways failed therein. From a true zeal for the service of my Royal Master, I communicated to the Secretary of State my thoughts in a matter entirely foreign to my Government and relative to a country with which I could have little or no communication, that was actually in a liostile state, and where, consequently, the Royal commands only could be conveyed, at lea.st as I apprehended, through the channel of the Commander in Chief. As to the information your Lordships require of me, I can say nothing further than that I am well assured the lands of Detroit were considered by the French Government as belonging to the King's Domaine, that concessions were granted to individuals who settled there, most of whom weio Canadians, on condition, as it is usual elsewhere, of paying cen-i d rentes, and a twelfth of the pur- 40 chase money on each mutation of property ; they are said to consist of about sixty families, or six hundred souls. At the Illinois, I am told, are many more. If it is thought expedient to move the people in question from their present habitations, there is enough of land in tlu> Vvavmo^ of Quebec, not oecupie,!, whore they luay be advantageously placed, * From ThouRlitg on Indian Affiiirs, hy Colonel Bradstreot, N. Y. Hist, Col., vol. VIII., p. 693. ' t Public Record Office— ColonUl Office Kecords, Board of Trade, Canada (yueboc), 1763 to 1764, No. 1. I »; Arp';^;'',,. '^»* '"' ''""''t they will expoct a valuablo consi.leration a« fh«v . , .ri:r ;,;L -n-l-ati..,, shouK. bu you.- Lo... sll a : , "T T"" ."! ""^ ''"''' "' "'^^"^^'- ^^'^-^^ ^hufc n„^.u. ck.ar an acre of lan.l fit for tl... pl.nv .is nr f t '" n"' / ''"" '' '^"^^^ ''"''>■ '^•'"^i"^- to .i..v..„or erally. of betw.-n tlnve an,l four bum! , 2 . T""^" ^ ^''"'^^'^" scttlen.ont co,.Hi.stH. yen- ^:^^' an,i offices of such a «ottion.J: .^'tl^Tiu I : ''''•''■''"'; f '^ "' '''''' ''' ^'--^- ^ho ho^^ -•:--. more, wluch i. all the li.bt [ can ,1^. n <^ w o vo ur f"'". , 'i"'' " ""■'""' '^ ""^>' ^^^ ^ "'-h yow that in u.y present .station, or^any oth" I shlll ov r r" "'" ''"'""'• ^"' "'^" ' '^'" *" '^-"'•« i3oar.l which .suponnton,!. the eonnnerco an l' Colo L r "T I ^'T' ''^'f^rence for the respectable wealth and greatness. "'' ^^"'""'*-^ "^ ^'"^''^t ^'•'^'^i". the true .sources of our national and ™::hu:iSe — r '-■ '-''' ^^-^ ^-^^ -^ -«->. ^^^ ^^ord. Vour Lordships' n.st obedient '' Cepen'dedTpon.^^ ' '''''' ''' '''^■' ' '^^ ^-" ^^'« *" P-re the inclosed acco^ wl^i; be — ____ J. M. ISr : envi.^r r;:::rT^:;I^::,:Z: l »■ -- ^ - ^i- nritani,.. connnencent a r,^^:-nt., ,ui p,rt ce no,„ et ,ui e,st situ' e a en in li ',k" "'T 'P'""" ''' ^"^ "" «^^^ "^ l"-tite vil l! ce «euve est une lisiere d'habitans et-U-lilV ' rt^r^ ^I^^ /--itte et en n.ontant 20 distance de G iieues on est situe.^ ie fort annoll '. I r'l 7 ''"" "" - '"« ''" tVont, ju.squ' a la ;1« fort de Chartres est une pare.li: :^ ^^ S. .l':. T' ''^^ '« ^-' «^-* '- t-upes. k 1. .LII l.> l.ene.s. entre ce dernier fort et celui ap,,el Le cj o on'T "". '""" ''^' ''^ '"•^^'^"«'^- 'i"' -^ <'« A environ une lieu.e au ^--s ^U IS^^Z^I^l^ ^JVlr^'nl. "^ '^ ■"^'-" '^ ^^'^^ ^0 .ies Missions Etrangeres. Kt a la vuo du fort desC. ho est ,.;?.' T. ''"■^""^' ^"^ '^ P--tre,s par Ies rnemes. Ces 3 villages, il y a 20 ans pouvot t d n '^^ '^^ ^' '""'" "'^^'■""' '^--^vi annes. ^ , pouvo.ent composer environ 1000 homn.es portant le.s Les terres sont en ^'eneral tres fertiles en tn,,. • r . 'luantite de negres et Panis dont ils se .servant a la ctrT\ ^'^/^'"^ "' '"^'^'^'^ <'» '*«"■ ""t tre« pen. "^ ^""^•"•^ 'J-'« terres, a la cjuelle Ies blancs s'oceupent A Quebec le 10 Septimbre, 17G4. ~~~ ~~"^ ~rr~ ■ . ^^ Maurjurre. Illinois The s ftt t Iranslation. . QuEBBe, lOth September. 1764. ' ' "'" '''"''' "' '^'"'^*' 'h" '-'»*« work buri.tti: ' '*''"'•" ^'"'•' La Maurjurb*. eliinato, fine culti- mfcurc. What tliafc tllilty sllillillcrs to iiioiit coiisistH, j,'on- leared. Tho lioiise ' limy cost as iiiucli low I Hill to assure or tlio respectable •ces of our national 10 ps' most obedient AS. MtxnRAY. its which may be J. M. RAY.f le, comiiiencent a 't une jietite ville te et en niontant 20 front, jusqu'ala pes. Et au dela tance, (jui est de G.S. es forts, au nom ns ce Continent >n des Jesuites 30 par les pre.stres nation, desservi lies portant les '» aclie. Altout fourteen French families are living in the Fort, which stands on the north side of the river. The Kickapoos ann Kri'iich spttli'inontH, 17U4.5. w JoiHT APPKNIIIX. Sec. VIII, Othrv Kniih, Diirumnitn. Colmml on Kri'iich D'ttlflllt'llU, 1764-5. A08 well wati'ivil, all plants liavo a n\mk vcgotntion, ami tlio pliniato vory tonipenife throuRb tlie winter. This post has alway.s been a very (•oi.si.l.,.rnl.l.! tra.liiif,' pine, The «r(>at plonty of furs taken in thit ^ country, induced the French to establish this post, which was the first upon the Ouabacho ; and by a very advantageous trade, they have been richly recompensed for their labour. August 1, [I7(i4].— The TwumvKK village is situated on both sides of a river called the St. Joseph. This river, whore it falls into the Miami River, about a (piarter of a mile from this place, is about one hundred yards wide, on the east side of which stands a stockade fort, somewhat ruinf>us. The Indian village consists of about forty or Hfty cabins, besides nine or ten Fiench houses, a run- away colony froui Detroit, during the Indian War; they were concerned in it and being afrai.l of punishment, came to this post, where, ever since, they have spirited up the Indians against tlie Kngli.sh. 10 All the French resi.ling here are a lazy, indolent people, fond of breeding mischief aiiil spiriting up the Indians against the Knglish, ami should by no means be suflered to remain here. TIk^ eoTintry is pleasant, the soil rich ami well watered. After several conferences with these Indians, a-id their delivering me up all the Knglish pri.soners they had. on the 6th of August we set out for Detroit, down the Miami River, in a canoe, August 17, [17ti4.].-In the morning we arrived at the Fort [ok DEi-Roir], which is a large .stockade inclosing about eighty houses ; it stands close on the north side of the river, on a high bank, and co.n- mands a very pleasant prospect for nine miles above and nine miles below the fort; the country is thickly settled with French ; their plantations are generally laid (,ut about three or fonr acres in breadth on the river, and eighty acres in depth ; the soil is good, producing plenty of grain. All the people here 20 are generally poor wretches, and consist of three or four hundred French families, a lazy, idle people depending chiefly on the savages for their subsistence ; tliough the land, vvith little labour, produces plenty of grain, they scarcely raise as much as will supply their wants, in imitation of the Indians- whose manners and customs they liave entirely adopted, and cannot subsist without them. The men- women, and children speak the Indian tongue perfectly well. In the la.st Indian war, the most part of the French were concerned in it (alth.iugh the whole .settlement hi.d taken the oath of allegiance to His Britannic Majesty) ; they have therefore great reason to be thankful to the Knglish clemency in not bringing them to deserved punishment. Before the late Indian war, there resided three nations of Indians at this place— the Putawatimes, who,':e village was on the west side of the river, about one mile below the fort ; the Ottawas on the ea.st side about three miles above the fort; and the Wyandottcs, 30 who.se village lies on the east side, two miles below the fort. The former two Nations have removed ' to a considerable distance, and the latter still remain where they were, and are remarkable for their good sense an(l hospitality. They have a particular attachment to the Roman Catholic religion ; the French by their priests have taken uncommon pains to instruct them. July i8, [17(;.-,]._I set of!' for the Illinois with the Chiefs of all those nations, when by the way, we met with Pondiac, together with the deputies of the Six Nations, Delawares, and Shawances. which accompanied Mr. Frazer and myself down the Ohio, and also deputies with speeches from the four nations living in the Illinois country, to me and Six Nations, Delawares, and Shawances, on which we returned to Ouitanon, and there held a conference, in which I settled all matters with the Illinois Indians, Pon- diac and they agreeing to everything the other nations had done The French had informed 40 them that the English intendeintinjj up the Tlio oountry in ians, a-i(l their r Detroit, down I large .stockade bank, and co.n- the country ia .criis in breadth the people here 20 y.y, idle people ibour, produce.^ if the Indiansi ■ni. The men' most part of legiance to His leniency in not ree nations of about one mile u' Wyandott''s, ;jo have removed able for their religion ; the )y the way, we wanees, which 10 four nations h we returned Indians, Pon- 1 had informed 40 jkees to settle would make y po.ssession of lot look upon its subjects to jht rest .satis- en arms. m 609 OOVEKNOR CARLETONS OFFICIAL RKPORT AS TO THE FliENCH POSTS OF THE INTER! on, I71-.8. GOVKKNOR CaRLETON TO THE EaRL OK SqELBURNE.* QutncK, 2n.l March, 17(18. My Loud,--I have received your Lordship's letter of the 14th November, and one since, wrote from he oft.ce by your .l.rect.ons, date.l the Hth of October last. The drawing f hereto annexed is taken from d.l ..rent maps and the best n.en.oirs and relations I have hitherto been able to procure Tis intended ehu.tly to shew the western posts which the French formerly occupied, and how far they extend beyond M.chd.mak.nac. This end, I believe, it answers tolerably wll, though their exa.-t positions on the globe mu.st be erroneous. As I have not n.et with any of tho.se gentlen.en who understand the use of any nrnthcuatiea .nstrument, but they all agree that Paseoyat is two an.l a half or three month.s' journey bey.m.l Michdmmkinac, and reckon the distance about nine hundre.l leagues Probably this is tar beyon.l the true distance, as they follow the serpentine cour.se of lakes and rivers. The river ..n which I aseoyat stands is .said t.. be five hundred leagues long. A fort was erected one hundred lea.-uea beyond Paseoyat, but I have not information enough to put either the fort or the full extent of "the river in the uuip. Ti,e annexed return of the French posts, of the troops for the protection of trade, with the number of canoes sent up .n the year 1754 shews in some measure the extent of their trade, and the .sy.stem pursued by the trench Government in Indian atlairs; they did not depcml on the number of troops ^0 but on the di.screti.m of their officers, who learne.l the language of the natives, acted a.s macdstrates" compel ed the traders to deal ..p.itably and distributed the Kings presents. Bv this conduct they avoided giving jealousy, and gained the aHbctions (,f an ignorant, credulous an,i brave peoi.le whose ruling passions are m lependence, gratitude and revenge, with an uncon.,uerable love of stron<' drink which must prove destructive to them and the fur trade if permitted to be .sent among them ■ thus managing them by address, where force could not avail, they reconciled them to their troops ami by degrees strengthened the posl. of Niagara, Detroit and Michillimakinac without giving offence ' The country was divi.led into certain districts, and the only restraints laid on the Traders were first, not to go b..yoml the bounds of that district they obtained passes for; and secondly not to carry morespirituous li.iuors than was necessary for their own use, nor sell any of that to the' Indians ■ the JU King s Posts, or rather tlie Intendanfs, were the only ones excepted from this general rule. Under these regulations the canoes went first to the post of the district, from whence they had fuH liberty to go among the Indian.s, and accompany them to their hunting grounds; they likewise called on their return. If any were ill-treated they complained to the Commandant, who assembled the Chiefs, and procured redress; the Savages also made their complaints, and obtaine.l immediate satisfaction, an exact report of all which was sent to the Governor. This return may be .lepended upon for so much as it contains, but as the King of France wa.s greatly concerned in all this trade a corrupt administration did not think it their interest that all the.se matters should appear in a fuU clear and lasting manner. ' A^ .r- •^'""" ^T^'^''' T,'" ^ ''''"'""' ^ "^'""^^ ^^""^ ^'"^ ^'•^'^t '°1°^ t« the north-east, from the 40 MLssisipi, are by the Ohio, and from thence up the Ouabach, which leads towards the sources of the River Miami,s an. Lake Erie, by the Illinois that leads to Fort St. Joseph and Lake Michigan and the Oui,sc.mcing that leads to Fox River and Bay des Puans ; besi.les these, the different streams that ^ .> , ^o the Missisipi carry them towards Lake Superior and the western lakes. The French or Sp.niards have a Settlement two hundred and fifty leagues above New Orleans a^ Arkonka. which serves for a .leposit, and three, opposite to Fort Chartres, formed since the conmiest' From these niagaz.nes they are enabled with ease to transport their merchandise into the interior parts i.ern laken , wiiUe even the extra Joint Appindix StxTviu Othrr fnglUh IhtfiimentH 0"vcrni>r (!urli!ton'» OIKuial titiiHirt t>a KrciiL'h lioatii, I76t). of the King's Territory, to the north of the Missisioi. and to th'' 77 * Public Record Oflice-Culonial Corr.'apondence, Canada (Quebec;, 1768, No. 5. t Search made but cannot be foimd. 610 ni!i A;';r,.. ^''•ovincial Cana nn in the nei^^hl>.„.rh.,.,.l .,f „„,• l...Ht,M.artic,.larly at Detroit, ami tho«e .cattercl ^'^■^"- IIZJ;T'\ :"'''''' '7''' '''''' ''"•"" '■■"'" ^"* ^'•'*''^-' ^'"-'^ « higher pric. than otfier h:ngH,h '"''^'"" '" "'" »'''''-'»^ roHtraints on tru.lo at our Posts. *^ Itimtmmtt. fin i ii i • ^'-««« -J 'n-ners, 'tin necessary to join with fhen on.e Cnnadians to serve as guides and n terpreters. The gontJen.en here are mostly poor, and have hev run 7 ^'-J^^/l:-; t- '^tta.h the«.se!ves thoroughly to the King's intereslL. 'tis necessary they should he assure.l of the.r bomg taken into his service for life, and in case they perish on these 10 expeditions, that the.r wi.lows will enjoy their pay. to suppo.t and e.lucate their chil.lren. I thi!!k a'!"Lf ' ^'1T'^' 'T^- ^'""'"'.'", """^ '^' '^'"''''" '" ^'^ "I^ ^" ^'^" "-*-" '-koH. as formerly. out a In \ \ :f:'T:". "; Z "^ '■""' ^"'"■'' "'^ -^^ '"^'^ '" ^l'""'-' ^^ ^'- P-i«« <>eean. find ou a good port take .ts lat.tude o- „tude. and describe it .o accurately as to enable our ships from Uu.ta.st Ind.es to hr.d .t out w.th ease, u.d then return the year fd:owing. Your r.,rd.ship 3 readily pevcMve the advantage of such d..scoveries, an.l how difficult attempts to explore unkn"" par s ,..,..st p.ove to the E..gli.sh. unh ss we avail ourselves of the knowledge o'f the Canadians whar^ well acquainted with the country, the language and manners of the natives. Your Lord.ship l»u, likewise herewith enclosed the observations of the Traders he.-e on Sir William Jd ..son .s Kegulat.o,.s. togeth..r with a petitio.. they presented to n.e at the .sa.ae tin.e. I was ratL™ .. d splea.se,l w.th some of the expressions they made use of in their observations, but on close txau. nl Uoi, found It was n...,e owing to their not surtieiently understanding the force of their own word. I am, with much respect and esteem. Your Lordship's Most obedient, humble servant, The Earl of Shelburne, Guy Carletok. One of His Majesty's Principal Secretaries of State. ^ List of the upper Posts under the French Government, ok the Oarri.sons thereat pohted AND OF THE NUMBER OF CaNOES USUALLY SENT UP EVERY YEAR. (Enclosed in the foregoing despatch of Governor Carloton. ) Southern Posts. •Fort of Ni.igara Officers 5 one detached. Serjeants .... 2 to Little Niagara. Drummers... 1 Soldiers 24 Chaplain 1 Storekeeper. 1 Surgeon 1 40 Canoes — 10. •Toronto . .Officers 1 Serjeants .... 2 Soldiers 4 Storekeeper. 1 Canoes — 5. •• acntterod pricf^. than L" to explore rvieo will lie an thoy iiro with them r, and have iitt necessary i»li on these 10 18 formerly, Ocean, find ships from rdshi|) will > unknown Ai», who are 3ir William waH rather 20 e examina- iwn word s at pn ii?ut KTON. SO lT P08TBD, 40 10. 10 20 SO 40 50 Mil ^outlitin I'utU, •Fort Froiitenac Officem 3 SerjeantM .... 2 Soldiers 12 t'haplain 1 Storekeeper . 1 Surgeon 1 La Preuentation Officers - Soldiers 10 Detroit and Deiiendenciea Officers 4 Serjeants .... 2 Soldiers 24 Chaplain I Surgeon 1 OUcaa and Miamis Officers 1 Soldiers 4 Missilimakinat; and DependracieB.,.' 'T'eers 2 Sei : 'ants 2 Sol. ers 10 Cb/- Jains.... 2 interpreter.. 1 La Raye and Dependencies Officers 1 Serjeants 1 Soldiers 4 St. Joseph Commandant 1 Illinois Northern Posts. Temiscamingue Chagouamigon Commandant 1 Nipigon Commandant 1 Gamanastigouia & Michipocoton . . .Commandant 1 Mer du Ouest Officers .. . . 1 Serjeants ... 2 Soldiers .... 4 Riviere des Kikiapou, &c. Lake Huron Belle Riviere Canoes — 2. Canoes — 17. Canoes — 5. Total, Canoes— 25. Canoes — 13. Canoas — 5. Canoes — 8. Canoes — 4. Canoes — 4. Canoes — 5, Canoes — 9. Canoes — 2. Canoes — 2. Canoes— 2. 118 ArpiNnii. H*c. VIII. iHhir Knfftiik itiicufitrht^. (JdHTnnr (Jiipli'tfint (Ihicial HoiMirt iin Krnnt'h (Hiiti, 1768. ; IT 612 Arpram,. , ^'""' ""I'ki'il were Kinp's I'mtA anri the fm.ln ♦! •*», - v.„, "■" :;■■■ '■™;^-'.' ^" - „i,. ai..;::;Vft t!:." x^:x:: :i: " ""»""• ' "•» "•■■■• o>e, the haeheiiis and Chiefs of tlin mv r T . ». *^-^— ro , and other d;L;I'^ur:t;::;ro?'''""^; ^"" 1 ''- «'■— D^'-are. natioas, the chiefs and warriors of whon, „r ', i ^""••'^'•Iv.^.s and of the rest of o„r seven, Majestv. Superintendent of ^r ajilr^ie;;; '"'" "'"^""' ''>' ^^•'- ^^'"•- '^^•--. l^-"et, HU GnKETINQ : h.nd::::^i;;^^;tf :::dttet:;i ^: -irr r -• 'r r -- -^' ''— -- - an.l estahlish .... ;,„.as an.l prevent those intr „ ,, T""' "'^" '''""'"'' '''"' "''• ^'^ '^-^'rUin loudl, con.plained, and to put a stop to U e , r""''-^''""-'^'^ 'f which we had .so Ion, and of ... in land afDurs, which houndarl appe^u'in" o i a T T ""''' ''"' '""-'" '^^ "f"'" ^'^k- John..n has convened the chiefs and warrio^^lf:::,:/;:;';:"''^^' ^ ""''''' "'•''«- «- William pro,....ctors of the lands in question, and who are her/^lw l:: '::::2:!:ZfZ:Z ^"" ^"^"'"^ ai.p.r :;;rn,:T;n ;:::';;:r :;:r ^ 7 r"^" '-^ -- - - - " nmttersmaybowor.sethanl,ef.re,wldchapprel\e r. .1. 'r 'V'" ^'"^'"•^''- '" ^^'-^'' '-« tr.he.sand other circun.stanees which retarded 10'; ' ''"'"'"''""^ ^^'^'" "'■■^'"»" ''fo'T Willian. Johnson has at length so O.r s,^^ , : :" ""','''"" O-ulJectof son.e dehate, Sir -nun, the Line which is now l.ro„„., ,. , J,Z2 U. t, "I I" ""^ V' '" ''" ''^■••" '^ -»- as^ejnhl, of our people hefi.re Sir VVillian, Jol^ I', ': ' '"""" ^' >! -i''-"'"' ^" - i" a lar,o "I New .lersey, the Connnissionen fro,n tl • I'rovi ens V ^ "" "' "'' ''--■""""'•y tl'- ^"-i" - have dila..;; ! .l^;:: ::; "-"^>;.^"" '^^-^ tl. present .th Z •N.* Vork II..1., Coii, vol. vn., p, 136. "^ 40 iint.dtid llm fiipH tlio other poHtH, ilii'sof (lect'iised iiiiLs thuiiiselvoH Mcli, Were cotn- OUt llillo tllOUM- rWEliN TUE 10 L\S.' ^se, Deliuvares, if 1)111- several , niiionet, Hia lousand seven 20 i, to a.sccrtain I so lony aiul I) often taken en iij,'reo to a iDiil.l be Cully complete the Sir William iii>) absolute 30 -'11 rise to an wliieli ciwe "some of our ■ (hWiiite, Sir 't'liient con- f* in a laryo II' Governor I'l'lry other I'inces is by " ffis said ^y ^'laoiou.sly ill NiitionH ■ nionth of y's favour, tile oHicor (I I ;! who has the management thereof, onal.lin;,' him to .lisehargo all these n.atters properly for Joint our mtc-n-st. 1 hat the lands occupied by the Mohocks aroMud their villages as well as by any Ai-P«mni other Nation alleeted by this our cession may etie.tiiallv remain to them ami to their posterity •'^<"'- VIII. nnd that any en^^atjements re.irardin^' property which they may now be under may be prosecuted' '"jZuLti" and our present jrrants dee, 1 valid on our parts, wlueh the several other humble re.piests cont^vined in r ,~, ^ ' m.r ,su,d Spi>ech. Am, wmkhkah at the setMiuf, of the said Line it .appeared that the Line described by ^^i"^ His Majestys order was not extended lo the uoitliward of Oswe^ry .., to the s<.uthward of (Jroat Kan- ""*• hawa R.vcr, we have a^jreed to and continuo.l the IJne to the northwar.l on a supposition that it was onntted by reason „f ,„.r not havin,,r come to any determinatior, concerning its course at the Congress 10 held .n one thousand seven hundred and sixty-five, ami inasmuch as the Line f. the m.rthward became the most necessary of any for preventin;; em.-oachmentH at our very towns a.i.l residences we have given the Line more favorably to Pennsylvania for the reasons and considerations mentioned in the treaty. We have likewise continued it south to Cherokee Uiver. because the same is and we.lo .leclaro It to bo our true BoumLs with the Southern Imlians. and that we have an undoubted right to the country as far south as that river which makes our cession to His Majesty much more advantageous than that proposed. Now TiiKUKrouK K.N..W VKthat we the Sachems and Chiefs aforementi.med, native Imlians and proprietors of the lands hereinafter .lescribed. for, and in behalf of ourselves, ami the whole of our confederacy, for the consid.-rations herein before mentioned, and al . for and in consi.lerati.m of a 20 valuable present of the several articles in use amongst In.lians, which together with a large sum of money, amounts m the whole to the sum of ten thousand four hundred and sixty pounds seven shillings and three pence sterling, to us now deliveied. ami pai.l by Sir William Johnson Haronet Mis Majesty s sole Agent, and Superintendent of Indian Affairs, for the Northern Department of America • in the name and on behalf .,f our Sovreign Lord George tie Third, by the (Irace of T.od of (iieat Hrita.n, France, ami Ireland. King. Defender of the Failh, the receipt whereof we ,1,, hereby acknowledge. We the .said Indians HAVK for us ami onr hei.ss ami successors. granted, Urgained sold released and conlir.i.ed, and by these presents 1.., grant. l,argain, sell, release ami confirm unto our said Sovereign Lord King tieorge the Third, AM. that tract of land situate in North America, at the back of the Hiitish settlements, bounded by a line which we have now agreed upon and do hereby establish as 30 the boundary between us an,! the Hritish colonies in America, beginning at the mouth of Cherokee or Hogohege Kiver where it empties int,. the River Ohio, and running fio,,, thence upwards alon-. the south suie ol said river to KitUning. which is above Fort I'itt, from thence by a direct lino to the nearest f..rk of the west branch of Susquehanna, thence thiougli the Alleghenv'Mountains alom^ the south side .,f the sai.l west branch, until it comes opposite to the mouth of a cVeek called Tia.laghton thence ncros.s the west branch an.l along the south side of that crock, ami along the north side of Hurnetts Hills to a creek calle.l Awundae. thence down the same to the east branch of Sus.,uehanna an. across the same ami up the east side of that river to Oswego; from thence east to Delaware Kiver and up that river •o"M-«ite where Tianaderha falls into Sus.p.ehanna; thence to Tianaderha and up the west^side of Its west branch to the head thereof.and thence by a direct line to Canada Creek, where it' 40 empties into the wood ceek at the west of the carrying place l>eyond F.nt Stanwix. ami extemliiJ eastwar. from every part of the said line .u, far as the lands f.nn.erly purcased. so as to com,,rehend the who e of ,he lands between the said lim' and the purehased lamis or settlements, except what m within the 1 rov.nce of Pennsylvania, together with all the hereditaments ami appurtenances to the same belonging or appt-rtaining, in the fullest ami most ample manner, and all the Kstate Right Title Interest, I roperty. Possession, Benefit, Claim and Demand, either in Uw or K.piity. of each and every of us, of in or to the same or any ,mrt thereof, to mavk am, to moi.i, the whole lands and premises hereby grant,..!, bargain.'.l, sol.l, ivh.ased ami c.nfirm.'.l as afoivsai.l, with the h..re.liUim.i,ts ami appurtenances thereunto belonging, nmler the reservati..ns male in a treaty unt.) our .sai.l Sovereign [.u-.l King (Jeor^e t:ie I hird. his heirs ami successors, to and f..r his m.l their own proper use and beln.of forever. **>„,!!; ^^'' '^"T ""l::;*^';'' ^^^- ^''*" ' '"'"f^ -f "'" * ' '"f«'i->-'«T have l.ereunU, set our marks an.l seals at Fort Stanwix. the fifth .lay of NovemlK.r.one fhousaml seven humlrc.l ami sixty-oiKht. in the ninth year of His Majesty H reign. •' e, j««i Joint Appendix. Seo. viri. Olhrr hmilith iMieumtnU. Tivaty of Fort SUiiwix, 1768. Tyorhan.serk als Abraham, C'ANAOHyUIFSCtN, Seqi'aru.skra, OTSmOGHIYATA AI..S BUNT, Tegaaia, Ghastrax, fil4 For the Mohocks, for the Oneiila.s, for the Tuscaroras, for the Onondagas, for the Cayugas, (Totem.) (Totem.) rTotem.) (Totem) (Totem.) (Totem.) [L.8.] [L. s.] [I..S,] [L.S.] [L. S.] [US.] 10 m for the Senecds, Seale,l and .lelivere.1 and th.. oon.si.leration paid i„ the presence of Win. iTankhn, Governor of New .Jersey; Fre Smyth, Chief-Ju.stice of New Jersey ; ' Thomas Walker, Commis.sioner for Virginia; Kichard Peters, James Lilghan,, of the'council of Pennss Ivania W. Johnson. «IR WILLIAM JOHNSON ON THE ILLINOIS COUNTRY, ,776.. Sir Wn.L,A.M Johnson to thk Lords of Tradk and Plantations. Johnson's Hai.l, Jan. 31, 1776. SirWiili.m . '^l^' ^f^^^— I have received the a-roeal)Ie new.s of our h,.in.r in * , .rohn-o„„„ n.n.s the Indians, in conse,,uence of their en-^a.^emonts t^M • "V ""' P'*"*^^"'"" "»' the lili- tp- Captain SUriing or his party, who .rrived arCit^ in oX ':::ZfZ. Tn''''''r '' t..e r^;;.:^;or;7S;:,:^;;;:;:::;;rit:x -' ^'^- - vainattr;: ,„ee ^ in that quarter, it may not .. an.L t: oHW ' : I,:^ r;'/''';^ 1 '"-^ '"'^'^'y -^'' ^^ I'"li'U ahie an acquisition, and render it of real useZ t t'tvn^^ ^^^^^^^^^ natural .-..Ivantages of soil and situation which this .-o.-ntrv I ' ''' *" '"^'"'^' "'"'" ^I'e pretty well known; hut to avail ourselves of 1 e d^ t L^'r 'r^^^ ^''^^^ '"'"^' "-^^■•» do all in our power to keep the In.iians contlnL tsT an ;;l;i- 1 m.-nt, without which we r-an neither keen,,,. „. •^"-""" ""'' ""^""'''-^ '"'d govern- dilHculties and ohstructions wi:^ W ,>t™3''"' '" '"■• ''"'" '' '" ''">' ^''"«' ^^ '^ are convincing p..of of this. Neither is it m ^^^^^ iU irn'^^'T ^ '^^ ^'^^ "'" ^'^ ^'---I'Pi. =irz;;;r:;:r^'"-"--^^-- «ippirtn:;:;:tt::x""^::;^^^^ -- - --^* -er a^ng t.. miss. n.ay possil.ly incline to go hon.e. and our traders will I darll.^ . '" ^^'" '"''^■^""t inhabitants may .. a foundation for a valual.le colony in tl arlntrTS 1 "" 'T'"'''' ^'"'^ "^'''*« ' ^l- l-neficial to Great Hritain. as well ^s a great cl eck ^ ^ ' "'"" "•^^"^'"•^''^•J. would prove very ofTect this, and every other ..urpose, thd.J^: . f J' Zk^rT'"''' "' ''' ""^'^■«' «»^ ^ convmced ..y a.eries of g , u.nagen.entiud ..e::^, g^^l^irlu.r ''''"-•': '^"'' ^'^^^ -^ ^^ *>"" ™*"^y ti'ttt their suspicions are gr«„ndle53 ♦ N. V. Hi.. Doc, Vol. VIII — i 61-. [... H.] [I.. S.] [I..S.] [L.S.] [L. S.1 [L.S.] fiove written. ^- Johnson. 10 J. 31. 1776. lion of the Illi- obstruction to II received. itteinpted since 20 til the Indians lesMing so vain- large upon the •wing matters that we should •H and govern- tinie, and the ho Mis.sis.si|ijii, hat service, to all diapoaed to 40 rii,' the Missis- it inhahitantfl !• 'iglits ; this Id prove very ives. But to they must he !*« groundless. INSTRUCTIONS OF ADMIRALTY TO OAPT. VANCOUVKR, 1791. FOR EXPEDITION TO THE NORTH-WEST COAST OF AMERICA. [Captain Vance uver undertook a voyajre of discovery to the North Pacific Ocean, in 1791, principally witli a view to ascertain the existence of any navii^ahle connnunication between the North PaciHc and Atlantic Oceans, liavinfj cojiimatid of the Dincovery, sloop of war, and the armed tender Chatham. His instructions were prepared] By the Commtssionkrs for executino the OFFICE OF LolU) High Ai«mikai, of Great Britain and Irkland, etc. The King liaving judged it expedient that an expedition should be immediately undertaken for accpiiring a more complete knowledge, than has yet been obteined, of tlie north-west coast of America; and the sloop you conmiand, together with the Chatham, arme2, you are not to wait for them at the Sandwich Islands, but to proceed, in such course as you may judge most expedient, for the examination of the coast above mentioned, comprized between latitude «0 deg. north, and 30 deg. north. In which examination the principal objects which you are to keep in view, are, 1st. The acquiring accurate information with respect to tlie nature and extent of any water com- 40 munication which may tend, in any consider.ible degree, to facilitate an intercourse for the purpose of commerce, between the north-west coast and the countries upon the opposite side of the continent which are inhabited or occupied by His Majesty's subjects. 2dly. 'I'he ascertaining, with as much precision as possible, the number, extent and situation of any settlements whicl. have been nuide within the I>iiits above mentioned by any European cation, and the time when such settlonumt was first made. With respect to the first object, it would Im of great importance if it should be found that, by means of any considerable inlets of the sea, or even of large rivers communicating with the lakes in tiic interior of the contineiu, isueii au intercourse as hath been already mentioned, couhi be established ; it will, therefore, be neces.sary, for the purpose of ascertiiining this point that the survey should be so .JolfTT Appendix. Sec. Via. Other Engliih Ihieumcnti. Instructions tu Captain Vancouver, 17»1. 1? Sec. VIII Other A...,.., 616 Ap«n7«. ^0"d"cted as not only to ascertain the general lino of fh. . . e,-WIl ?' :'} T'' -"-^--I'le inlets. wlK-tber I" ,v a „.s o h!" "" ', '"' ''" ''"' ''^^"^^'^'^ ->^ ^^^'^ ^. be ,.^, eo lead to. or faciiita.e. su.. ^o....ni:::r:^,:'2::z:z:r''''' -' '^-^^ '■'-- - -^y V-cuve. to the n,ea„,s of executing the service «^. th L M^t tv T" "'" ""^ 'f ' '""' ''^ ^''^■'■^""- '^'^^ '" >'-• - tjons can here be given on the sul.ject. is. d ■ 1 Z;"""V '"'' "^ '"' "^ ''">• «*-'-''^' '-"- .me. you should n.., and are therefore h^^^ttdtid di;1"/" "'^'^ further th«n it shall appear to be navi.rable bv v^ 7 T ""' *" J'"'''"'' '^»>' i"lft or river PaciHc Ocean ; but, as the navigation oV".. in et ^ h! "'f ' /i'"^'"' "'^ '"'^'''^ ''''^'y --^-^e the require that you should proceed up then, fu t .n"t ?/ ° ." T""' '''"'' '"'''''■ -^ Tx-iblv 10 you are, in such case, to take the cLnnand " t e .ned f '^ '"' ^'"' ■"'"^^^•>"" """"--' '...;. mtuauons a.s you shall judge it necessary and expedient " "' ''"'""' "' ''" •^"^•'' ^'"-^- "'"' "' -^'h in the execution of a sor'^l "of' 1^.^!^^^" ul'^howelo^^ ^'" '^'"'T"' "''•'="'"«"'"^i- ^^''ieh .nay arise fore hereby required and directe.i to V^' > 2^X11^'"^ «''-''Und you are.'there- Btraits of Juan de Fuca. said to be sit L. J It "!.''; ^. f"" '-^^'"""-^'o" of the supposed an opening through which the sloop If'^./^/^in l lorted't T '"'■ ."""'' ''^^'^"•''^' -'' ^" '-^ ^o out aga.n to the northward of Nootka. Tlu- d « .To • ' , " '"""^ '" ''''• '*-' '^ ''ave come or strait, and any river running into or f.un. the Lake cf U^7.Tr7f!"'' '^''"""" "'>' •^"'^'' -- If you should fail of discoverinir anv su.h ; . * ' '^ ''''' P^'-t''™la>ly useful. 20 Rive, there is the greatest probabilit^ thlt^t i b Z::::^Z r^T'' '" ^'^ ^°"^''"'"'' "^ ^<-k s already known to the Cana.lian traders, and to the ^vll If ."'h"."' ""'•^ '" •^"'"''' "^ '^^^^^<^^ pou.t ,t would, in that case, be material to ascer.a n • Tn vo •" , I' ;"''^"" " ^'^>' ^""'^-'^ ^ which accord,ngly, with as nu.ch precision as the circun-st^^ce xi r;t thi"' '" "'''-"""'' ^" »*'--^-" covery of any snnilar connuunication n.ore to the southu^rd rt . ' ""^ '^""^' ^"^ ^''e dis- more advantageous for the purposes of connnerc ^rd s 3 t "f 7 "''' """'''^^ "'""'^ ''^ "-1^ you are. therelore. to give it a preferable attention acwdtdy '' ^ ^'"'^'"■"'''^ '^"•^"^'-' ^o ; and Given under our hands the 8th of Jl^-di, 1791. ° Chatham, Rd. Hopkins, Hood, J T. ToWNSKND. 30 opinion of Sir R. B«tlielJ »nd Sir H. >S. Krating on HudKoiiB Bay Com- pany'ii Charter, July, 18J7 To George Vancouver, Esq., Commander of ///« MajeMii'a Sloop the Discovery, at Fal- vioutk By command of their Lordships, Ph. Stei'hens. Sir.— We are favoured with Mr. Merivales iMt^r r *i n i Lincoln's Lnn. July, 1857. he was directe.1 by you to transn.it to us c^^, ;two le"' " V'^'' "'^"""- '" -'-"• '-stated that ".g the copy of a Minute of his Executive 1 "u, I. Xt; " '".^'""'""^ "'" ^^"-'^- ''-'- reference to the questions respecting the affairs of the H. I » 7! ""'"'"''' '^''""^« "^ ^he «ame in by a Committee of the House of Commons. "^"'' ' "^^ ^""'P^"^ ^''en under investigation 1857.' J""^^ "*"■ "'•' '^"'"'^ ''<>•» ">» 8«le«t Committee f.-f th« H.u.. rf C. •ection and extent rge livers, as may of tlio subject, it i>ru left to you, as y general instruc- inecessary loss of my inlet or river fely navigate the ^'d, may |Mmsibly 10 u loniinand toiro iiies, and in such wliieli may arise J you (ire, there- of tile supposed io and to leatl to id to have come 3n any such sea arly useful. iO "■aid of Cook's 'HI! of the lakes 'inpaiiy; which U'' to usrertain • Hilt the dis- woiiid l)e much tended to ; and VM, >i'KIN8, 30 BETHELL 40 y. 1857. le stated that iiittda, incloa- the same, in nvestigation 'ompany, etc., G17 We were also requested to observe, from the former of th'ise Minutes, that the Executive Council suggest, on the part of Canada, a territoiinl claim over a considerable extent of country, which is also claimed by the Hudson's Buy Compiiny, as own. !s (,f the mU, and with rights of government and exclusive trade under their Chaiier. We were nl.so re(iu(-ted to ol)seive, by Mie annexed jiarlianentary papers of the 12th of July, 1850 that the statement of the Hudson's Hay Company's rightos as to territory, trade, taxation, and government, made by them to Earl Grey, as Secretary of the Colonies, on the l;]th Septemiier, LS4.9, was submitted to the then law officers of the Crown, who reported that they were of opinion that the rights so claimed by the Company properly belonged to them, but suggested, at the same time, a mode of testing those 10 claims by petition to Her Jlajesty, which iiii-ht be referred to the Judicial Committee. Mr. Merivalo was further to annex a Parliamentary Return, made in S+2, containing the Charter of the Company, and documents relating thereto; and another of 23rd ,'.pril, 18 K(, containing, among other jiapers, an Act of 2nd William and Mary, " for eontirming to the Oi>vernor antl Comi)any trading to Hud.son's Bay their privileges and trade," The rights so claimed by the Company have been repeatedly questioned since I8.)0, by private persons in coi respondenco with the Secretary of State, and were then (piestioned to a certain extent, as appears by tho.se despatches, by the present local Ciovernment of Canada. Mr. Merivale was also to request that wo should take those papers into our consideration, and report — 20 Whether wo thought the Crown could lawfully and constitutionally raise for legal decision, al! or either of the following ijuestions: The validity, at the present day, of the Charter itself. The valiility of the several claims of territorial right of government, exclusive trade and taxation, insisted on by the Company. The geographical extent of this territorial claim (supposing it to be well founded to any extent.) And if we were of the opinion that the Crown could do so, wo were requested further to state the proper steps to be taken, in our opinion, by the Crown, and the proper tribunal to be resorted to ; and whether the Crown should acton behalf of the local Government of Canada, as exercising a delegated share of the Hoyal authority, or in any other way. 80 And lastly, if we should be of the opinion that the Crown could not properly so act, whether we saw any objection to the questions being lai.sed by the local Government of Canada, acting indepen- dently of the Crown, or whether they could be raised by some private party, in the manner suggested by the law advisers in 1850, the Crown undertaking to bear the expense of the proceedings, lu obedience to your request, we have taken the papers into our consideration, and have the honour to report — That the questions of the validity and coastruction of the Hud.son'8 Bay Company's Charter can- not be considered apart from the enjoyment that has been had un.ler it during nearly two centuries, and the recognition made of the rights of the Company in various acts, both of the Government and the Legislature. ^ Nothing could bo more unjust, or more opposed to the spirit of our law, than to try this Charter as ttthingof yesterday, upon principles which might be deemed applicable to it if it had been granted within the last ten or twenty years. These observations, however, must be considered as limited in tlieir application to the territorial rights of the Company under the Charter, ami to the necessary incidents or consequences of that terri- torial ownership. They do not extend to the monoi- dy of trade (save as territorial ownership justifies the exclusion of intruders), or to the right of an exclusive administrate) of justice. But we do not understand the Hudson's Bay Company as claiming anything beyond the ternfccrial ownership of the country they are in po.sses.sion of. and the right, as an incident to siieb own. j ship, of excluding persons who would compete with them in the fur trade carried on with the Indians resorting £0 to their districts, 78 Joint ApI'KNIIU. Sec. vni. Olhir KnijIUk li'ifti ninth. (I|'iiii.)n (if Sir K, l!.tlirll iiiKl .Sir H. S, Ki'iiting on KudHDu'it liny Com- July, 1857. luny s "liaiter. 618 A;!.Ksiy.x. ,, ^^''^'^ *'''^'"' I.relimlnary remarks we hog leave to statf> in »n<. * n t hatin our opinion tl.o (Tovo, could not now witi us.T .* 7' "" •^"''"""'' ""'""'"«' ^o us. ..w- I;:L :"^ ^''-'^-^ '-t t^at on every logal ,.rinc^«" ':;":: "7'"?'"" "^ *''^^'--' -"'"'^y of /*,..«™.,a the nyl.ts necessarily inci.Ientaltfureto (as Lr .xanur' ,'r '''""'■'''''' "'^' ''^^^ l.'n.l.s. and STtel.^'^ Pe-ons actin, in violation of their regulati:,..) ou^htU'i:^ d^l^^tJ, J '::':^ ^-" ^''^ ^-"t.-O' RiidsirH. Cut With respect to a^v ri.fl.f, „f -.. . '• ^te^.. exclusive trade. oLr.i.e thir^'t t.^:"^ [r-T' T'"'^" -'-'-<-.ion of Justice, or W c..„.. could not bo legally insisted on l.y the " ^ Cfiaf Cola' t "^"'-'"''*^' °'' ^''" '"'"'• -^'' ^^''^^ IWrter.July by the Crown. ^ '^ ^''^ Company as having been legally granted to them This reuiurk. however, requires sou „ explanation. .Haw, f::r ^'r :::^:;r ;::^^^^^^^^ (--h wo^d be . a. ..... . - in all inaaers. civil and criminal ; but no ordiZc wo dd C . "."In" ''"""' '" ''''''''''' '"" ' '''^ "or- Law nor could the Company insist on it. ri. tl .d.^H l. „ "'" '^"""•"'■^' ^" ^''" ^' '-"""' r..ht t. establish courts of civil and criu.imd jului:^:;;!' • nfin":^;::^-^ "'^ ^•"^^"'^ ^'^^'^'^'^- confer ^1^ ;:i:'t:!^z'z:::::!i^:::::^^^ ^^ i.;v.i<. .....se . p-o.. . . abuse of them the Company wouM be lulienable to law ' ""^' ^' '"•"^""^ "-''' «"J for an .anS^,;rsi^r.f:-^^^^^^ the case of grants of considerable are, sueh as t -'!«,• ,n thes- rreaties of Ilyswick and Utrecht, and a .dn Im ' li "^'" "' ^"^''' "'^"'•'^'''"•^' ^"^'^ '^^ t!^« • by j^:^— :[rs::^t:h;:;;;r :^r- ^^ --- - - en,ui, ,.. .,..,, or St^te") whether at the time of d.e Char^ an ■: oft, '1 :; r^^ °'"^i """"' ^'"-^- ^Hnce Ba... Company could have been rightfully .!,i,„i' ,, ^ ^''^'^oO' mm claimed by the ik-dson's > u , or X.uv.lle France, an" als^he ,4et .^^t? P^r " f''"^ "'""" ^'^ ^--u^W Under thes. circumstances, we cannot bu f H. 7/, ^:"''"'""' '~' '" l"^^ and ITl.M, to Hud... Bay Company migi.t w^g 1 i,^ * t l';:""""?"'!^ ^"^^''"" "^ "^ '-n- *o ,,„„»,., uiSJiiJicml iktcrmination "-<-'Muittoe uf tlie I'nvy Council l,uvc ai.j- ctikt as « bhirt- Rut if the Hudsnn'a Pn.. fi„ .nestionof the ^oumlar" i^j^^TIJ^rirP^^r' "^^'!^ ^'"^^ •^-'^ ^f Canada, that the parties that the determination of the Counc 1 s^.alll ^ ?'"'''' " '"'"» ^"'^''^''- "n'l^''-too. bv bo h ment, we tliink the proceeding wou.dVtrbtlro^'r '"'''• ^'.«^-^\''>' -'-'oratory Act of Pa lia only real subject of controversy. ""'''' "^ determining that which is. or ought to be, tl.o as aJI; it;,:; Zt:Z;^ t: ^Z^ ^:r :/^ ^^f ^-f ee draper, describing himself '' solemn mode, an a.idress were presented to Her Alaies bi ^;\"'"J'*;. »" -s. which would be tlie more Counsel would be heard on behalf of Canada Ij^f ^C^;::^'' ''''-^'' We are, &c.. Th R- I,. TT Richard Bctokll. ihe Right Honourable HENfir S. Keatincj. U. Labouchere, M.P., inc. ■M"^ 19 subinitted to us, p-neriil validity of of tho lands, and II" thoir tonitory ilion of justice, or land, .siicli riylit-s y giauttd to them >o HI tJio nat\(jv of I'l-ciso jurUHttiof y to thu Ccir.nion owns preroj ilivtj iiso it proA'.ssc f fo ' used, and for an t of tho territory asf.. I'taineiL In 20 on she c.wc, u,ai iclu.lin^; m thestt oris, such as the ry (as suggested Christian JVince I'y the ili'dson's le bound.wies of and 17!>1, le houndoicsof 30 anada, be uiado id tlic Hudson's Ht'ct as a bind- anada, that tho i-stood by both Act of Parlia- >iightto be, tho cribing himself d bo tho more 40 KLL, riNO. IX. ixmch ^i()ht^ and mmn^. CORRESPONDENCE AND PAPERS, 1G70-1759. Jour? APfKNDIXi 8„c. IX. French liightl and Cluiiiu. [Charter of La Compagnie des Cent Assoeids ou de la Nouvelle France, 1G27, Sec. X..imt.] The Intendant Talo:, to M. Colbeut, the Fbenx-h Minister.* T i^.,„ I .1 . , , • Quebec, Nov. 10, 1670. F„r.n ^^,1 T "^ ^''° ^'^°"T'i^«. ^l^o will winter this year at Tadous.sac that the two between .ho,o „uti„„» .nj „., ,„.k. „, p,, f,„ . „„„j.„,„„. „, .,"„^ orL "'jj^a":!^:: P""'"' ESCORD OF THE TaKUVO ro,.„»„„K, ,K T„E K.M'S NAME, O- T„E CoUNTRlE, OK T„P W.-., »«. No:m,, „v „„ S,k„,. „e St, L^o.v, B„„.UE,,EaATE or the iNTODArT.l; ,„rrr On the onlers by us receive.! on tho third of September last from mv Lord the Tnf... I f f m France signed and paraphdd Talon, and underneath b- my LordT^Nit w h . ar. "-'^ forthwith to the countries of the Outaouais. Ne.sporcez hdnois an 1 otb. r .„ ' ''•^^.''"'*''''• *" ^''^'^'^^ (■otlo,..,i„l,»l,iti,.KO,.l»vcalli.,l ,k, lJn,l, ,^7'L P»"I«'«»"™w, OmaWmm. -Sassu^a^ua M. Tftlon to M. O.llwrt, lOth Novein. Ijor, 1(170. 20 Sieur de St. taking; !• >8seiii)ion of thi! coimtriei Wf»t and North, 14th June, 1671. •N. Y. Hi.< Coll., V..1. IX.. p. 67. •Oumalomins, i.e, Menomiuiei. + N. Y. Hi.t. Col., Vol. DC. p. 803. 'Mauitoualin. M- 620 Niirth, mil Jiiiii', iiin. AP«Zi ''T y """■ ""'^'^^""'''^ ••'■ ^^'^ ''"' "-I'o un<]ert..ok to tell and com.nunicate it to their neijjhbours Seo-Fx. J'';*; ^'' 77 mnnerous, inhabiting even the sen coast ; To who„,, in the presence of the Jleverend Fr,nr>,u,,Hi. ^''^''^'-^ "^ "'«> '""I'any ol Jenus and of all the French liereafter n.entione.l. wo have caused to bo read ..»/^..«M. our said co.nnnsMon and had it intervrete.i in their language by Sieur Nicolas Perrot, his Majesty's t:;:';:;"' '""^''f'''' ;" 'Y P':''\'^ ""' ''"•'■ "'">' ""^^ ^'^ '-""'•^"^ "^ '^ = afterwards causing a eross to be pro- [:,!:Zi„„ „r !;;; '/r "'■'?; %;' "' "^ ^"'"•'''^''"'"y ^o produced there, and near it a c.,dar pole to which we th.. e„„„tn,. '"^^^' ''"■•;;;-'^l "•■ «'•'"« f trance, saying tluve times in a loud voice a.ul with public outcry, that In the ''*•"' """'' f"'' ''''':! "'y''' ''/-' ''^'i//''.'/ '"^'^ ^^lo.t JiedoubM Monarch Loai. L XI V, of the CIn-i.tian "";;"' ^";''! "/ ^'•""'•''""'' yuvurre. we take possession of the sai.l place of St. Mary of the Falls as we 1 as ot Lakes Huron and Superior, the Islan-l of ("aientolon and of all other countries, rivers, lakes 10 «n.l tributaries, cont.guous an.l adjaeent thereunto, as well discovered as to be .liscovere.l. which are boun. ed on the one s.de by the Northern and Western Seas and on the other si.le by the South Sea inclu, hng al. Us length or brea.lth ; raising at each of the said three times a sod of earth, whilst crying I u',- le Roi and .nak.ng the whole of the .ussen.bly. as well Fn.nch as Indians, repeat the san.e ; .leelaring to the aforesa.,1 nations that henceforward as from this moment they were .lependent on his Majesty subject to l>e controlled by his laws and to follow his customs, promising them all protection and succor onhrs par agan.st the incursion or invasion of their enemies, declaring unto all other Potentates, Pnncesand Sov-ereigns, States and Republics, to them and their subjects, that they cannot or ought not seize on, or settle i„, an> places in said country, except with the good pleasure of his said Most Christian Majesty and of him who will govern the country in his behalf, on pain of incurring his hatred and the 20 ettects of his arms ; and in order that no one plead cause of ignorance, wo have attached to the back 01 the Arms of trance thus much of the present our minute of the taking possession : Signed by us and the under named persons, who weic all present : fe J' ^ R..!!.T^v!l'' ^'7 t"" ^''';\r\""' '^'^' J""^" >" '^' y^^' "f «'-^'=« 1671. in the presence of tho Reve end tathers: the Reverend Father Claude Dablon, Superior of the mi.ssions in this country; the Rev. lather (.abnel Droudlete, the Rev. Father Claude Alloue., the Rev. Father An.lrt<. ,-,11 of tlie Company of Jesus ; and of Sieur Nas. Perrot. His Majesty's interpreter in these parts; Sieur Jolliet. Jaques Mogras. an inhabitant of Three Rivers ; Pierre Moreau dt. do la Touppine, a soldier belonging to he garrison ot the Castle ot Quebec, Denis Masse. F^ois. de Chavigny Sr de la Chevriottiere. Jaques Lag. her,, Jeanne Maysere, iNas. Dapuis, i\ois. Bidaud, Jaques Jouiel, Pm. Portcet, Robert Duprat, Vital 30 Uriol, Ouillaume. ' M. Talon t.) the Kitij{ — MiMaion ti> Hudson's Buy, 211(1 NovemUir, 1671. The Intendant Talon to the Kino, Respecting the Mission or Albanel and St Simcn to Hudso.n'.s Bay. • „, , Quebec, Nov. 2, 1071. Three months ago I despatched with Father All.anel, a Jesuit, Sieur ,le St. Simon, a young Canadian gentleman recently honoured by His Alajesty with that title. They are to penetrate as far a^ Hudson's J.ny, draw up a memoir ot all they will discover, drive a trade in furs with the Indians, ami especially rcconnoi re whether there be any means of wintering ships in that quarter, in order to estabii.sh a factory that might, when necessary, supply provisions to the vessels that will po.ssibly hereafter discover by that channel, the communication between the t^^o .seas-tho north and the south. Since their 40 departure I have received letters from then, three times. The last, brought from on. hund.-ed leagues from here, info.ms me that the Indians wh„m they met on the way have assu.ed them that two En-dish vessels and three bark.s have wintered in the neighbourhood of the Bay, and made a vast collectio"n of beavers there. If my letters, in reply, are safely delivered to the said Father, this establi.shment will be thoroughly examined, and His Majesty will have full information about it. As those countries have been long ago (anaennement) originally di>covere.l by the French, 1 have commissioned the said Sieur de St. bimon to take renewed possession in His Majesty's name, with orders to set up the e.scut- dieon of I ranee, with which he is entrusted, and to draw up a procds verbal, in the form I have furnished 1 ^ •N. Y. Hilt. CoL Vol. IX., p. 7a ii'ir neighbours tlio Jloverend used to bo road ;, liis Maji.vsty's •mn to bo pre- lo to whicli we •y, that In the *' (he. Chi-intian )f the Falls as JH, rivers, laitian latred and the 20 1 to the back ned by us and •esence of the country; the r^, all of the Sieur Joliiet, r belonging to ttiere, Jaqiics Duprat, Vital 30 , SiMcy TO 2, 1671. ing Canadian • as Hudson's id especially 3 establi.sh a fter discover, Sineo their '*0 tired leagues two English collection of ishment will se countries led the said } the escut- ve furnished esi It is proposed to me to despatch a bark of sixty tons honce to Hudson's Bay, whereby it is oxpeetod Jo,.t that something will be discovered of the cmnmnication between the two seas. If the adventurers who '''""."l"'- t 11 • 1 • !• , ... «•-..-...-.-.." .-.VU.1. .11 iiiu uiiveiHurers wno form this .le.s,gn .subject the K„.g to no expense. 1 shall give them hopes of some mark of honour if «- >X- hey succeed, besides indemnifying themselves from the fur trade which they will carry on with the 'alJaJuH. Indians. mi. Traitb de Tadoussac— Despatcu fkom Goveknoh Comte de FnoNTicNAc. 2d Ohue., lC7i>.« The Company's Commissary demanding this year a pa.ssport, to winter four men at Lake St. John, Trvto,i« on the pretext of the ladous.sac trade, urged me strongly to insert in it a prohibition to all those who l^)r''^> would trade on Lake St John. '"• 10 He pretended that the Limits of (7'nu'. [II .send the narrative and map of the voyage Sieur Joliet has made to Hudson's Bay. which the J-Hef, farmers of the revenue of Canada have demanded of him. This relation is dated 27th October 1(,79 l"^?'"^ and signed JoUET. ' ''^' {}i7X^.„,„. ber. 1G7U. Record of the Taking Possks,sion. ik the King's Name, of the Countries o>- the Uppfr Mis- sissippi, 16bO.I Canada, Bay OEd Fi *nts. Record of the taking possession, in His Majesty's name, of the Bav des Puants "■•f*-'" Bay), of the lake and rivers of the Outagamis (Fox River), an.l'Maskoutins ^° ^^^^"^ Winnebago), of the River Ouiskonche (VVi.sconsin), an d that of the MLssissifpi the country of the Nadouesioux (Sioux), the rivers St. Croix and St. Peter and other places more remote. 8th May, 1689. {nic.) Nicholas Porrot commanding for the King at the post of the Nadouesioux, commi.ssioned by the Tak.n. po.. Marciuis de Denonv.Ue. Governor and Lieuten.-u.t-General of all New France, to manage the interest of tiZ'r' "' "" commerce among all the Indian tribes and peoples of the Bay des Puants, Nadoue.sLux, M.u^coutin ^^^^ and other wester, nations of the Upper Mississippi, and to take possession, in the King's name, Tf "i M«y." the places where he has hitherto been, and whither he will go. ^'^• We. this chiy the eighth of May, one tl.ou.sand six hundred and eighty, {sic.) co, in presence of the Reverend Father Marest, of the Society of Jesus, n.i.ssionary a.nong the Nadouesioux • if Mo, ! de 40 Bone-Gu.l ot, co.„ma,.ding the French in the neighl,ourhood of Ouiskonche, on th^ Mi^s " • Augustin Legardeur Ks,u.re Sieur .le Cau.nont, and of Me.ssieu.. Le Sueur, Hebert. Lemire and I^k^ofJheOius^^^ and to the River Missi.ssip i. we did transport ourselves to the country of •N. y. Hin. C»i., V .!. .-i., p. 791. " ~ =— -~ t*„."7'."?^ ,?'';.' '''''' . . ^^'^ Ordiiiaiico of Intnndant Hocquart, May 23rd. 1733 «oi( jau/uncai ColUcUon. „/ Louisiana «nJ Florida. By B. F. Fr«uoh CBCcoud .erie.), p. 122. ^ Joint Ai-HK.vrin. Sir? I \, t'rrnch Uiiihlt mill rill, in. 1. Tiikiii^ piia- H'KHiori of the MisHi-iiippi i'lHiiitrica, «tl. May, 1080. fl22 .tu!t:;r:;r:::", .'t™ *\i *:r"' ^rr ?"- -^ - "•« --"• -< *« hi™. s.,„. ..u, 1. Sueur. jc.»„ Hc.b.,., j„ ,„;,,, j:; "".;:; e°'^:»„"*-'°" ■■' ■'"■"• ^ '--''. i-.-".!"- ,,. f.u„„„., ,„ Coijite (Ifl COMTE DE FrontENAC. '.'ND Nov 1C8I * Si,.,,,. R.,,i.„„, „.,„,, ,„„„i„,M,. E„„, , ,.„ , , .„ e.„.,U,„™ .,,. ,,,.„,„,„,„„„„,„,, ^'fiiti'iiao, Bud Suy,. - •- s.. . . c,.e.^ eo-^;- .;iz -:; r:i:;^-::t;:--;;,:^ .n.N„V.;.. Berve.1 un.ler Mar.sl.al DE.strcVs fi n u" li iV T T '" ^'^"*^^'* '■•«•" t''" I-*la.nl., whore ho ha.l The Intekdant DucHEs^EAn'sf Me.mo,u Touchno Hudson's Bav.^ M^Duche,. . They [the Engli..h] are .still at m.l.on's Bay on the north a„ 1 , , . '"'"' """■' ''''" M.nK,ir, 1.1th The f«rM„.r,s (of tile revenue^ sullor in . „ i , . ' " * ''" «'"''*^ ''<*"'"«« to our fur trade ?«;;;:■""- thro„,h.,ut that entire Z ti; ^ ; ' XH l'' .f ';'""^'''" "' ^•'^' ^^'^'"'^ "^^ ''''^•'"»--- -^^ other .ie,si,n, thev have two ftrU^7 1,^^ ^if, ''^ T^! '""°"-^ = '''' ''"^ ""'• '""' ^'-' ^0 Henriette Marie, on the .side of the A,ssiniboLtl "■^'" T..\ou.nac, and the other at Capo .iHv^i::'i;r."rr;th::rt^;",r 'r-'"^'^' ^° - '- ''- -^-"- -'"•^' ^-^ ^ condng to that extremity, to on trlct ft^ I, f "^^ '" "^ ^": '' ''-'"^ ^-"'^ ^^^ -» "''J-'tion to Indians at these points. '° "'" ""'^'^ ^^"'"^ ^"^^ '''« '-^kes, in order to «top tho go to ruin, the Kreneh hein, natr,r:.ZLn;:::^C'S::S™''' '" ''" ^'^ ^"""'^ ""^"^• the «^^^:fi;::i:th ;zi'teri: r x'::'at T^' ;' " ^°'r'"^"-'^«" -«"^ -^ ^° p--^' -r 30 n.u.st eventually derive from the tran.sactbn ' ^'^^''^"^8- which Hi.s Majesty and 1,:. sul.jects ^^''""■^ OP Proceedings AT Pout Nflson.8 Ihe Aiiiba.s.sadorof the Kin.rof En'dand nf P..; i- . .• Frenchn.en having gone whh two Ck^ ell -i /' ^/ y^r"!!!:' 'Y. "'!"'?" "'^"-*' »^-"-- -l Procpediiigg several years. ' »"pt-ii,y or wiiu.'i tlie English h,hl been ui po^' .-ssion for • N. y. Hist. Col., Vol. IX., p. 795. t The Siour Jacquo.s DuohogneiU, appoiuted hr tho Kin™ T . j . • -, : N. Y. HiBt. Col., Vol. IX.. p. 1^/*"""""* "^ 'i»«KmgIat.ndaiitin Canada, Jt ill 1076. Jr Saint Peter, rth-oiLst of the 'iriH and oHicr I tliu naiiii! of re iiiuprittom. the Reverend •t, Lomjre, and < in duplicate, ir (le Canmont, Jo where he had lielonging to ■y- v., 1C81. )ur fur trade. uioiissac, and oik; ami tliu 20 tlit;r at Capo would bo to olijuction to • to stop tho siiins in this intry niii,'lit prevail over 30 liiti Hubjt'Cts 'li.s.son and e river and - ssion for vrntr found lace where the month ^y ■» • 6£8 20th lound .onio beK.nn.n;^ of hounen on an islan.l, ,md a vos.sel ayround n..ar tho .-oa-.t. •^"'•^"'• '''l"'|' t!"-« houses had boon i««un «in.v they entore.l the river and had sot about workin-^ at their *• '^'^l '^\ fort a.u'. l.u,id.njr, and. th.-roforo, that they ., re the (ir«t occupants. " T/rV',!" ^^^^J^l.at. since tiM.n, each havin. wishe.l ( ,ainUin his ostabli.h.ncnt. tho French wen- l...co,no the '':-^::il'"^ in. u\n "rrTf ^1 ""f "^'- ''7'"^ r"""^ '^' .lostruotion of an English ship, son.e men bdo,,.- m. to .t had .bed ; but that they had. on tl.oir part, treated them with great moderation an! kindness and rendered every a.ssi..tan..o to tho Knjilish. who appeared satisfied »vin(ino.s.s 10 .\I, ,.K ,.A 1!U,UK. (JoVKItXOn OF CANADA. A3 TO OPKnATIONS OF THE EnQLISH AT HuDSON's BaV.» Quebec, Nov. \2, 1G82. As to what relates to Hudson's Bay. tho Company in oM En^dand advance! some sn.iM houses n t .. along a r.ver wluch leads from L,.ke Superior. As possession was Lken of this dun J ^ ^ a " ^^tll'V/^^- ago. ho will put an end to this disorder, and report next year the success of his design ^ '''' ''''■ M. DE LA Bauhk to M. de Sefonflav, Fhenci Minister. 30th April, 1C83, as to Oveulani. EXI'EUITIONS TO THE BAVf on with the Assohbom, Thenu.scamings, I'uisascamins. and Christinos. SlyS 20 Louis XIV. to M. i.e la Barre, aivma instructions as to Hudson's Bav-J Fontainebleaii, .5th Auf , 1G8.'! Ireconnnond you to prevent tho English, as much as possible, from establishing themselves in i ■ viv . Hudson s Bay, possession whereof wa.s taken in my name several vea,. a^o and as Col 'uZ^^^ , .!-.... •.ppomted (Jovernorof New York by the Kin.r of Fn,-l.:,n 1. i . ^''^'- « U"g"«nt B„„e,.'5th ,.»•*! -1 L-- . • , • ^ 'I'K- uy \ni. jving ot iiiuijland, has had precise on ers on tiie August, 1683. P' ' '' \''V";" ^\J '" '"""f ^'" SOO.I correspondence with us, and carefully to avoi.l whatevei „ n v inton -.t It. I doubt not tho ditticulties you ha ■ experienced on tho side of fho English wnfrasoflV M. I Bakre to M. i,e Seioneuv, Fuen. u Minister, as to operations in the Bay.^ " roas.r;;v:t:";:L!^;:'::^, ':xz:^' ^rr r'j-ir^ - ■-•'"^' --''''- *>.. m. . . on his arrival at MissiliniakinaM^rL T :S Z Irirf^TV" ''"" '^ ^^^ 'P'""- th.^ w„n.d unite with him to p. v.. all the .Z^liJH^^' '^ ^l^ IfT^rt ^' ^"' t^' a.s I hope, and as ,t is necessary to do. as tho En-Hish of that Bav eveii, If n ^ ' ' Sie.n- l)u L'Hut alone can quieten I shall en^/nf^ « ' I . , "' ^^'"^ '"'''"""'• ^'^"'" 1 ^ r » ,' ^^^^ '"''^ arrangements with those of New VoiL- t,^r fl,= it is important to manage that nltl^^ f i:;rtid;rlf ^^^ ZT^^'^T ^'^^ ^'- A small vessel had just arrival from Hudson's Gulf, two hundred leagues further north than ih "^ ^^- S he br.n,stack those who were sent there la st year by order of Count JH^t^^T y^ ^ •N. Y. Hi.t. Col., Vol IX., p. 798. f Ibid, p. 200. t Ibid, pp. 205, 200. 6ii I ArPKNi Lotii" XIV. to IV l,a Mm r.-. loth April. UiHi. Thk K,..<, to M. «k ,.a JUkre. loth A,T7^84 ., . nforin you that a, I anMn.willi„^a,'aHo . ( Z ' V^ 7 OrosHellu-n, ; wh..re.,,.o„ 1 a.n happy " t nnporunf, .levurth.-le... to prevent the F it ■*""'""' *"> •=""«" "^ co.np aint an.l a« I hi.l in I'*' -'11 Tor you to have a v4>^l^^Jtt!u'o "'"" r^^«''''^''i"K tl-"..elve« j. thl r , it . n ' g. ve hu consent the n.oro readily, as he Is not • . '""'''''^''"'^'"'•* • ^« ^•"^•'' I «". Frnu^.Ie.I e w wuh to /onn i„ tho .u.I Nelson^ Riv;.r. "' '" " ''"•^""•" ^" I'^--* those which nfy su l.Joct; would M. I>E LA B.UKE. AS TO OPEBATIO.VS ,. Ht;DSC..V-S Day.. It is impoNsil.Io to imaLTinp what v.>„ nr..f„ i . , Versuilles. April lo, ic«4 f'-' I"t-iant a,..| su..,.,ui;, mZ .^ j T "t " ""' "' ^°"' '^'^" «"^'"'"^y. w..hout eallil on to one Guillam. which ha.| |,;„ ea ,r l ?""■■■'""" ''"""•^"' ^^^ ««-.lero,l a Vessel to l! ' ^ ^o» have herein done what the K„,di.sh will ,! ' i', """?'■'•""/-'• -"""« under His Majesty's .^ «nco you caused a veasel to he surn;dered wl ieh U ""! T ''""'"" "^' '^'"^ '" ^-'»« <"' y-ur o, iu -"n.u..,.„ ; ,,d the Kn,di.h will not fa 1 t^ 1 7 , '""^' '" '"' ^■""-'•"-' -^ Pirate. ns it h no «'>p.spH,.er. that you surrendered it tof •• •'"" '" '^""j' ''"'■"fJt'izod tl o re. ular v o t^ ;'-y ;;«.! Uken le,iti...ato ..os.es.i.!, , ^ .i^:":;"'"" ^^ ^7 ^"' ^'"^'^^ '-^<-' t^-: a,; ^ '-n there, wh.ch wil, bo very prejudicial tiZeolt;; '''''' ''~- ^'"''^^--^ ^« Oro.eliiVll:; to DeU ' fUrrv, l«th April, IiifM. Si»ur Du L'Hiil, u to "IH'ratiiuiii in th^ North, lf*l. The SlEirji Du L'Hut to M mr , . n ;ava^: ^::;::&;;;:;,:-:^^^ --. ;- -^. ., the presen:!:::;:;:;r;t t,. " wo comrades, who ,,ave n.e your despat -L ^^'^ ' f""^''"^''' .'"^ve n.et the Sieur do la Cro x w , h « ^fors t. the Sieur C.ouar, at Nelso^ tt ^ ""^Zr "' "" "' """^ '"''^'"^ '" f^>rJ.U,^\'^ PcrtS who would have to .r,, I,i,„„.,f ,,,.. V ^ ""^ >'"""" '""tructions there wis h„t M ^ ^'.-..re their hlueherrie: 'Zl , ^l?;^ ^^'f ^"- ^V'"^^ ""- ^^ithdraJ,; i.rtl I' I)^ «n.I that ri"; r to p;^,^J'";;;*;C bl!r!re" lI^'ir'T ''^ "'" "'"-'^ '■^^'^ ^-'^^ confidence in ,ne inghsh at Hudson's Bay. Thi,; they have a p !,,?'," **; f """■ ""' "^ "'"''''•^ --«<^ will vi h e pr.-nt.s which I have -dven. or cauHert7ir !"';""'' ''""'''"""'' ^''^•"'■^^•'ves thereto by t 1 people fron. the Sapiniere: the Opene" ba ilt/ Ur,;'?'';'"'- , '''^ '^"^^'■"-' ^^'^ ^^-.^Hac' ^" the nations which are to tho weit of the No ",;' '^ / '"'''^" ""' '^'"'^'*"''^- -'"■•='> comprises ^vhich I have constructed near the River /^ If: T'i P;"""-"' ^^ '-• "''xt sprin,, at the for -n.H„er will eon.struct one in the eoX , it K l'"' "' 'Y "^'"" °^ ^'^'^« A'^i.-t ; an 1 nex !!^i!!i!^i!^ii^^ if i .10 not ahso^::^;';::^ri! ;t: tt :" f "'^' ^'•^'-- ^^-" • V tT^ « _-_-»•%'•- to iiif„rin I''" to rt'taiii lliiit|ioHt »ll 'liMpoMo iiiatteru Jn > Hi'iiil to thoiii by Nea M>K RlVERf If? wl'af '"•oiirrod in '<••> I am {iiip|iy to liii'it.aiul OH 1 tliink 10 that river, it won hi ri'itluT till- Ki.iich II perHii*ilt>«l III' will i"y siihjocts would s Bay* ^P'il 10. IC84. vitii.iut callinj,' on 'SH.'] to lie reston-d ruth you ought to 20 is MnjfHfy',s i-ycs. tue 1)1' your onliu. rate, as it had no rp;,'ul,.rity of the I to coucludi! that 'e Oroszfliers had OUHHOOD or nibcr, 1684. g() y to prevent the . CVoix with his forwarding your was hut Mons. ito the interior t last. He wiil nfidence in me, ,'0 will vi.sit the thereto by the 4,) sene|)olacs, the h conij.ri.sc.') all ng. at tho fort ,'"n ; and next Tier. Finally, ii'ii.sh. ™ lU i • 02s M. I)K I.A HaIUIE Tf. .IIK KlN-n, FOR INHTRL'CTIONS AS TO Hi'OSON's BaV • QiielKC, Nov. 13, lCfi4. It remains for n.e to ro4u...t Your Majesty', orders in rr^ard to the Kn^lish. us well those of New Urk ^ tho.e settled on Hudson-^ liay. 1 f.,ar they have attacked the Kn.-eh ,.o.ts |,.t y ear i" Nidsonn ( ulf an.I that Ua.lis.on, who I U:ru is a^ their head, has oppo.se.l orce and vio nl" o the ju.st.ee .,1 our eau.se of which Your Majesty .hall be infonned. Whether I n.ust oppose f .ree to force, and ven ure by land against tho.so who n.i.ht have conunitted ,on.e outrage a.ainst'vour subject^ Mlieieunto 1 Nhall eonforni uiy conduct and actions. AppLK-ATION KoU a Uuast ok the BoUKHoN (NF.t.S..N) RiVEK BV Oaultiek de Comi-okt^; PufcvoTii OK Canada, 1084. the jiJ'uu!;;! I ■'""';;"''; r'"*' "^ ' '"""'';■ '"" '''"""'"- I'"^'-"'"' « '---• '-^ -'->> »•« request, the gr nt nto l.nnHell and h.s assoeuUes. of the ownership of the River de Hourbo„-de Nelso , i„ Hudson .shay, of wh.ch pos«esMon ha.l been Uken in the name of the King, for an lon.^t tin.e as it :':: u ::;:f '-rT '".-^'^'f v^-*^ ''-'- - '- "-^ -»''^" ••--^^ "'^o u>t iii l; seventy leagues from the place where tho farmers are settled.f The S.EUR ok CAL...ku^j. Uoveunor ok M<..STHEA,..t TO rnE MAugu.H de Se.o.vei.at. as to tu. Hlicatinn fur K'rnnt uf litiiirlKiii (Vi'lminl UiviT. 1(184. M. He Calli- Inn ttis.'i, ita to titli' to fliiitxiin't lliiy, iiwr.. ASA .IniNT AfJ-ICNlllI. Sec. IX. f'rriirli lli'jiitf llllli i'litiltlH. M. D.-Calli Bjif.ilitli'.if IIiiiliHiirit B»y. male no n-cord (here of taking possession, ami that tlicy diil not have any settlouipnt thoro before the year l(i()7, when the Frenchmen, named De.sirro/.elliers and Hadisson, conducted the KnL'lish thitlier to» pliicc culled Nelson's River; and in I(i7ti the said l)es>,'n)zelliers and Hadisson, liavlni,' returned from Kntiland, and liuvin)^ oht.iined jmrdon for their defecti«/n, a company was formed at giieliee wlio .sent tliem to Htidson'H Bay, where they founded a settlement north of the saiil liny on the River Hourhon, whieh is the one tlie Ku'^'lisli seized last year, in consei|in'ne(! of a new treacMiery on the part of said Rae Denon- villi', Kwr., on the Fn'iich rijjlit to KuiUou a n»y. The Mauquis de Dknonvim.e, Ooveiishk ok ('anada, to M. De Seujxklav, the 12tii ok Novemder, lf>85, OS THE Ri(iirr ok the Fuench to Hidson's Hay.* We also sec them [tlic Knglish] establishing themselves at the North Hay, where they will be more injurious to us than in the direeti»tn of Acadia ; for if their establishments continue as they have beiiun, at the three places on that bay wiiieli they actually occupy, and on the River Hourbon, or Port Nelson, we must exi)eet to .see all the lie.st of the beaver trade both as to (pialily and ([uantity in the hands of the English. If not expelled thence, they will get all the fat beaver from an infinite nundier of nations in the north, \v hicli are bfiiig discovered every day; they will abstract the greatest portion ol the peltries that reach us at Montreal, through the Oltnwas and .Vssinnibois, and other neighbouring tribes, for these will derive a double advantage from going in search of tlie English at Port Nelson. They 20 will not have so far to go, and will Mnd goods at a much lowi>r rate than with us. That is evident from the fact that our Kreiiehmen have seen (piile recently at Port Nelson some Indians who are known to have traded several years ago at Montreal. The ports at the head of the Bay, adjoinitig the Rivers Abitibis and Nemiseo, can be reached through the woods and seas; our Frenchmen are ac(piainted with the road. Hut in regard to the Ports occupied by the Engli.sh in the River Hourhon, or Port Nelson, it is impossible to hold any posts beh)w them and convey merchandise thither, excejit by sea. Some pretend that it is feasible to go there oveiland, but the river to reach that ipiarter remains yet to be discovered, and when discovered could imly admit the conveyance of a few men and not of any merchan- dise ; the best inbirmed on this subject agree herein. In regard to Hudson's Hay, .should the Aing not think proper for enforcing the reasons His Majesty has for opposing tlie usurpations of the English on liO his lands, by the just titles, proving Ills .Majesty '» possession long before the English had any knowledge of the country — nothing is to bt; done hut to lind means to siijtport the Company of the said Hay, lormed in Canada, by the privilege His Majesty has been pleased this year to grant to his subjects of New Fraiie-', ainl to furnish them for s(Uiie years a ft'W ves.sels of one hundred and twenty tons, only well armefl and eipiipped. I hope with this aid, our ('anadi;ns will support this business, which will otler- wise jierish of itself ; whilst the Engli.sh merchants more powerful than our ( anadians. will, with good ships, continue their trade, whereby they will enrich themselves at the expense of the colony and the King's revenue. M. DE DeNONVILLE'S iNSTnt'CTIONH TO THE t.'HKVAI.IKIl OK ThoYEH, (JoMMANKER OK THE OVEIILANI) Exi'EUiTioN TO HcitsoN's Bav, Feii. 12i II, ICHC. 40 Iintnicti.mt '^1'*-' Manpiis do Denonville, Feb. 11', \C>Hi'>, appointed le Sieur de Trois {ulc) to go in search of the iwr"il^"'« " niost advantageous posts and occupy tin? shores of the Haie du Nord and the embouchures of the rivers imB ' ^'"''' ''"'^^■'' tiierein, "to entrench and fortify the said posts, to sei/t' the robbers, I'lnnritm t/cs l>oin and others, whom we know to have taken a!id arrest«'d several of our French engaged in the Indian trade, whom we order him to arrest, especially the said Radisson and his adherents, wherever they may l>e found, and bring thum to be punished as deserters, according to the rigour of the ordinances." *N. Y. Uitt. Col. Vol. IX. p. 8S6. thoro before the L'lisll tliitluT to» ij,' rot 11 moil from ^lU'licc who sent • Hivor Bourbon, tlif part of said company formed would Hiid tl)i-ir longing to them, 10 II OK NoVEMBEn, hoy will be more Lhey littve be<,'un, 1, or Port Nelson, y in tiiu hands of umlier of luitions ,t portion of the ^iiliourin;^ tribes, t Nelson. They 20 t is evident from who are known >inin}{ the Uivers iiri|nainteil wilh tv I'ort Nelson, it t by sea. Some emains yet to lu! of any merclian- lid tiie Ain^' not f the Knglish on 'M i\ any knowledijo sail! liay, formed subjectH of New y ton.s, only well vhich will otli'-r- <. will, with good le colony and the THE OVEllLAND } in search of the iire» of the rivers (('(t <1>'H bitifi and ho Iiulian trade, (ver they umy be incus." 40 627 CAPITITI.ATION OF Al.HANY FoRT, 1C8C.» The ENci.isir Aiiticles. JolMT Appiniiis Artichf a.jreed upon hehveen the Chevalier do. Tm;,,',. Commauder-in-Chief of the detnchmnrt of the ''-'^*' «^'*- 3oW/;-HVsy. ,o,. the Frn,ch C..npnu,j of (^^nada. »nd Henry Ser.jeant. Es,j., Uovernor for the "'"""■ hnntinh Lompnnif of Hudtion a lUtj, Jnhi 10 KJSO. ' fupituiati.n I. t .s agreed up.m (o dMuer up the Fort, to;,e.her with all the «oo.ls belonging t.. the said Con.- '^^T pany. which are to Ik.- s.he.luled for the n.utual el.-urin- of us, the forename-l, and sat i. faction of all parties '^'""'"■••' II. ThatallthoComp.iny'8 servants at Albany River shall enjoy uH wearing- apparel belon-Mnir to them.selves. n ii n s 10 in. That the aforesaid Henry Sergeant. Esq., (Jov.rnor. shall enjoy and pos.se.ss all that belo„,,H t<. nn.self ; and that hm nonister, his three men servants an-l nmid servant shall tonstantiv be permitted to remain with him and attend iiim. " ' JV. That the ('hevalier .le Troy.s ..hall convey all the Company's servants to Charleton Island there to expect Kn«l.sh .hips for th.-ir transportation ; and if Kn;,dish ships should not arrive, then the afo.esa.d ( h.-vaher do Iroyus is to aussist them with what vessels the countrv affords, for their convey- »nce into hnjjland. ' ^ V. That the said Chevalier ,le Troyes shall .leliver to the said Henry Sergeant, Esq.. Oovernor or toh.s storehouse keeper, such provisions as shall bethought fitting an.l neoessarv to carrv them to 2oS"for t'hem '''''''""° ^'"'"" ^''""'''' ""'^ '" ^''" '""'"'""'" ^'''^ •'"-"" «'»='' ""«tenance .ns shaJl be sutti- VI. That all the storehouses shall Ik, loekel up, and the k rvs delivered to the said Chevalier .le TroycH Lieutenant, that nothing may in the .sai.l storehouses be embez.le.l, till the account be taken accordin^to the lirst article. i^vstly That the Governor nn.l all th,. Company's .servants at All.anv River shall come out of the tort an.l .lel.ver it up t., the sai.l Chevalier .le Troyes ; all the men. the Governor and his so» excepted being without arms, which is to be forthwith. ''*<-i^pvtu, (The French vvrsi..,, which f.,ll.,ws is probably the original, tlmugh the hea-ling of the English ver- sion is fu le. or e French Co.mnan.ler, who .lc„i..d the hon.,urs .,f war to the retirin. .arril.. , woul. not likely alh.w the capitulati.m to b.. .hawn up in English, espe.ially as its terms ^r.st have' J(, W.-". ..•Ut..,l hy him. I'othene a.l.ls that the Treaty was signe.l by the two c.ntracting parti., tha Me 11.. ..e an.l M.erv. I.. ent..red the Fort, and aft..rwards to.,k the Clovernor t.. the Ule of Cha frtvlnl.!']t ' '" '"'' "'" ''" ''"''"''' """' "' •^'"'"''' ^'^'^■'^^^'- ^^^•■•^'"" ^"^•'^ '^^^ K"K'i«»' Thk, FiiExcir AitTi(i.K.s. Articte, aceordh,e„(re M. le Vhemher de Troy,-.., Convn.VHUnt le ditarhment de parlle du Sord et U / '/I fTl. ^''■^""' ^''"'•'•'•"*"'' ?'""'■ '« ^'ompagnie An.jL<.i,e de U Uayr de llud.onje lU VremVrrevunt II a .^t.< accordJ- ,,ue le Fort seroit ren.lu avee tout ce .,ui appartient .i la .lite Cm- , . l-agrue, dont on du.r prendre une fracture pour notre satisfaction parliculii.-re, et pour .elle .les deux ^^'-- 40 parties en general. ' '»" utux II a .sti.,uo. de la Compagnie qui sont a la ri.i6re AlUni. jouiront .le ce qui leur apartient on propre. •* """'" "" Que le dit llenri-Sergent, (SoMverneur, j.mira et po«s,Vlera U.ut ce qui lui appartient en propro et qu, son min.stre, ses trois .i.,m..sti.,u..s et «a servants, resteront avec lui e' Tatren-iront ' ti^te,? nour v''au;rb'''r'''''"-^" Troyes renvoyera les d.,.nesti.,ues de 1. Cmpagnie A I'lslo de (Carles F^t n, p.,ur y aften.he les navires qui doivent venir d'Angleterre pour les y p»,s.ser, Et .... c*s .niele. dud.tnav.res narrivent jnunt, le Sieur Chevalier de Troyea les asli.tera du./vais-eau tes qu"p^.^« pour les renvoyer en Angloterre. •"■»««»" vcs qu u pourr» ♦From "Th.. Hriliih Ki„,,ir« in Anurica," Ol.lmii.,,,, p. 408 t Vojatfo do L Aiuet.4Ui., I'm. M. d« U Poth«ri«, Ail.ilfrdttm, 1723, t I. pp. 161-1 C28 JolUT Appkniux. .S«-o. IX. Frrnrh Jlii/hlt FrfiK'h Articlea, Quo le (lit Sieur Ohcvnlior ,D IIOUTES TO Hu.«,N'a B»v. llml ,.r N,„„i,co l,v IVl,,,,,™ mi; ,„", ";»''»"» '■" "'« """"I 1"!.. n i, l,„li„v,„l that ac4unu.ted w.th it ; it in not practicable to carry merchandize there. ^ M. Da IVnon villf on thn riKht* of Frpnch to HurlllijQ*g Bay. M. ..K D.VUNV.UK TO M. DK Se.ONKLAV, OK THK B,«,HT OK THE FuKMCH TO H.OSON's BaV- n„*i oo.i * •, .„o- November .Sth, 1086. fn,n, .,,. ,,i.„a of N.wr„„„,i,.„!, .«„„:,t rzr u «::,:';•::. t ■■::,' r r"',° along tl,« cotol. «ml iiilo the interior. • • "",""•"«"" ""••""'I 1«T»"'I. l»th Sine. .l„t .i,„ th. F,.,.c„ l,.v. „„„.i„„„., „,.ir co, .r« «i.,,i„ «,. „„„.Ho, of t„= ».ij ^„, <^.u.ci, of^N.. fw of ti,„ 20.1, :/ A,,!.,;;: :; ':i'r;.;;'^ *" "•""' -' '"• •"-■"' ■"""""■•■■ ■" "■« .■>" will. Si,,,r 1.0 l,a V re ., ,1° M., ^ l)al",""";"'"'- ■" ' '" """' »""'«"'' """'" ■cnt.Sioor Cooluro ll.ill...r «ilh .|v„ oil,,.,, Sai.l >< , . ^ l> Avai,«,„„, tl,u„ li,„„„„r, repaired and voluntarily submitted thoniselv^H tn Kl. u • . number of Hevenloon. i ft •N. y. Uiit, Col., Vol. 12., p. 305, m , OH k Ron commie, iiirecn Ani^'li-tiTro, 'res pour atteiidre n.int Ju (lit Sieur liviint le }ireiiiier Albani, sorteronfc ariiies, excepto lo 10 iKjr 10, IGHii. ami that all that t is liolioved that liosides, the iiiivi- hat lie across the r two roads that jrt Nelson. The it tiieir becoming '20 dson's Bay* r .Sth. 1C86. XI 11.] conceded .Maje.sty's Kojal lid in lonfritude lid lii'voinl, both ' the .said grant. ty ton.s, entered Re<,'i.ster of the 3() lod understnnd- verliuicl thither fiict. In 16(i;], then (i(jvornor, )W of the head vcd on copper. 3 of those who lie Sail It Saint 40 r of seventeen, i Saint Lu.s.son ;iiteen nations 629 included all those of the Outawas, and of the entire of Lake Huron, those of Lake Superior, of the he llhno s [I. ke M,ch..a..l, as is proved by the relations thereof, whieh were .;ent by the .said Sieur lalon, and by the j>rod,-Vi,-Ud of the taking of possession. • • J' , '" ' '^'^'"^ th„ -m" ^,"^'"'*\'''""°^ t"'' y »'>v«nU.se f,o.r all their voya-^es. because those who went as far as nt,tf N 'Tn " 7'>'.-P'--\---"aII portions of the coasts of Labrador without euterin. into the North Hay. and w.thout t„ak,n,. any sojourn or .stablish, .ent there, and the others who nr,r. imi el' JIm T'T™ ;''"':•' "'."'''''' "''''^' passage .-hereby th.y couM .o westward to the Lt Indies without, .nten.ln,. to make any settlen.ent. and he who approached the nearest to Port N^,Uon 10 wa.s only about he .l.'hd degree. Had the English in making their voyages any other design tha . to ch.sc.ver the sa.d pas.sages, they would n..t have failed to obtain grants of the countries they^lLs^overed as they had done of K lor.da .n l(i07. and of the North Bay when ti.ey were conducted thither title 'il'nvu"'ri "' r'" '7 '\" '''"^'"^!' '? '''' ""' ''" '"-'^•' "' ^'"^ ^°^^'> ^^y '•"- "°^ ^--^ then, any ad trade,! w:th he Ind.ans of that Hay. which is proved still better by the knowledge the n.un nam d Desgroselhers an.l lla.l.sson had of those parts where they introduce.fthe Knglish. 'xhey had tra t .... no dou ,t wuh the old French Cuureurs ,le. bois. Besides, it is a thing unheard of that reb lli subjects could convey any right to countries belonging to their Sovereign. JotNT ACI'KNDIX. .S.e. IX. Frrneh KiijhU ami fill inn. M. l).r).'nim- ^ill I tliv i-iniit. ; I'rilirli 111 Hiiilvui'i l!a 20 MvucjiM.s DK ])KNn.vvn.,.E. 13r„ Octohkr. and 10th and lOric Novf.mheu, 1086, as to the Post,s ON Hi'D.son's Bav.» Affairs are becoming more and more embroiled. ancJ the English who urge on the Iroquois are but too well aware of their evil desi.'n Huds!!!^^;!;;.''' ^"'"T '^" ^^^l ^'^^ '"' •"•'"• ^•^•^ ''^°™ *•'«■" ""•«« ^^^^ ^>'«y were occupying in The convention conclu.led with England, that the River Bourbon or Port Nelson shall remain in jo.n occ.pnfou of the two crowns, is not advantageous to the French, for the voyages of the Kn "li h are too dangerous on account of their attracting the Voureur. des iols as n.uch as po:sible. besides ,,ur chasmg e beaver at a higher rate, and furnishing their goods cheaper than the French. I . hi o\ iiion w.,ul, be ...ore ,.ne ,.d for the e„mpa..y and colony that the F.-ench n.e,-chants ,esto.-e the p, ts a" •'> leheadol hoBay wh.eh , hey took, than that the F.eneh should leave the.n Port Nelson o Uve Bourbon. U tins ar.-.u.ge.uent we.e feasible, the Indians could be thus inte.cepted by land, for it wou d be useless to atte.npt to becon.e .naste.s of the upper part of the Rivers B mrbo.f and kte Thr^se ..lasn.u.h as ,t ,s impossible to prevent the Indians trading with the English. The latter couM. by thismoans.be intercepted by land, and we .should have an opportunity of discovenng an inhmtude o, nations yet unknown, through whom a great many pelt.-i s'c n y be procured, and. possibly, the passage and entrance to the Pacidc Ocean eventually discovered M. ... DBNONV.tLE TO M. UK S^IONELAV ON THE FkESCH OpEUAHONH ,N AN,, AKOHND THE BaT.* Ville Marie. August 2.'5th. HJ87. I).. L'hufs brother, who has recently arrived from the rivers above the Lake of the Allenemini.mn. 40 assures nie hat he saw more than 1.500 persons come to trade with him. They were ve^y sZ ^ ,' he had no sufhe.ent goods to satisfy them. They are of the tribes accu^stonuul to'r so ^ i Eng sh a, Port Nelson or River Bourbon, where they say they did not go this year. throughSieur d« L hut 8 uiHuence. It remains to be seen w' ether they speak the truth ^ .M I)(- Utniiii- villi' IVS til til* PiiHtS UU lliiilsuii't Hay. M. tht Dcnon- villr on Krwiiuli "jwrHtioni nn tiiii liay, 1IW7. •N. Y. HiitCol, Vol. IX., p. 801. •/W(l.,' pp. 343-4. li! .Toiyr Appknmx. Sw. IX. f'ritieh Riiihtt and I'laimt. M. n.l)r.i(in- villi' III! tl»' KriMuli iipcmtioiia on the Hay 1687. 630 The nvcrland route to them is frightful, on account of its lenpth and of tho difReuHy of (inding food He says there is a multitude of peo|)le beyotid these, and that no trade is to be expected with them except by sea, for i)y the rivers tlie exi)ense is too great. • • * • I liave j\i»fc received news from our forts at tho head of Hudson's Bay (du Xord), whore d'lberville is in comuiiuid. He bus had advices this fall that an Kn;,'lisli sliip was in the ni]« near Charleston Islaml. He sent four men tliitber across tlie ice to reconnoitre. One jjave >'p thn)Uj,'h sicl\ness ; tho others were surpriseil, taken, and bound. One of tho latter escaped, thoufjli fired at several times — he coinmnnieated the news — an/a;}'-s de la Noinrlli' Frmicr (xfiili-ntnlr, dilr CitiKidu, p'.vlc Sr. di' Cluiinphnn. A hirin, chfz Pierre Le M\n\ duns la (jrande mile ihi Puiiris, l(i:>_>. At p. 200, towards the end of that work, Sieur de Cliamplain makes a sort of dissertation which dearly decides the question. He gives it this title: "Abstract of the disi-overies of New France, as well what we, n.s of what the Kn„'lish have 04, the Bret(ms and the Normans first di.scovereil tho Great Bank and Newfouudlund, as can be seen in the History of Witlet, Sieur do Magin, jirinted at Douay. In l.'i2.1, Jean Varason, in virtue of a commi.ssion from Francis I., took f/osse.ssion of the territory beginning at the ;i3rd degree of latitude, as far as 47th. In l.Vl.i, (libault and Laudontiiero having gotie to Florida by authority of King Charles IX., to inhabit and cultivate that cotuUry, founded ('aioliiuv there in the .'IHb and Stith dogrees. But particularly in IGOS and fidlowing years, Sieur de Champlain being in Canada, wu* in com- mand of tlutt colony, and in 1(100, wetit with other FrenchuH'ii into lk of v!>yagf=s tliat aft'/r lie liiid di-v->vere-i J.ake CliBmplair;, he was as far F;.= th" c=,-\intry U) f.l!« + Pwii DocumenU. N. Y. Hist. Col., Vol. IX. p. 377. 6S1 RmiUy of findinpf >e expected with wlioro (I'lltorville noar Charleston i^h Micknoss ; tho icvoral times — he liolil, wlicrc tlioy ij^, was (Irowneij, ■aiiscil ttie weaker 10 it of tlio Knij;li8h lK)tli their skulls, lioini^ slaves they illc on the way. ormit him. Tho rvicc to our forts. lIOA.f iitries of North n'ky, of the coun- 20 il hy tho Knj,'lish, j's Governor and resent year, 1CS8. LoiMS COLBKBT. stract of tho )V('reil, from the gQ •eport of the his- I to judge of the 'd of the ricfht of laiuplain ; every- en possession <>f 'or, to (juoto only ^ouudhnd, as can I of tho territory f Charles IX., to es. ada, WM in cont- lin, of which he he reliites in ]\\n ' courdry •-•f th» 4U Ironuo.s. In the years 1C11 and 1(512 he rtsren.led the Onnd River a. far as Lake Huron, rallod the Fre.h Sea ; he went th-nee to the IVtun Nation, next to tl... N.-utral .N'Mtio,,, nnd to the .M.u.ou.ins who were then ros.d.n^ near tho plac^ called Snkinau ; fro.n that ne went ,o th- .M^ i„ and Huron tMl.es. at war aj^a.nst the Iro,,uo.s. I e i>a.ssed by places ho has himstdf described in Ins look which are no other than D.troit and Luke Kiie. And as it is an estahli.shed custom and ri^d.t recogniml amonjj all Christian tuitions, that tl,.- first dmcoverers ,.1 an unknown country, not inhal.it.d by Kurop.ans, who plant the arn.s of tludr prince there, ae,u,re the pro,.erty of that eou-.try lor that prince in whose name they have taken possession of : On that pr.,u.ple and no author bein. foun.l who st,U...s th.t the Kn,dish had taken possession 10 of tho countr.e.s o Ca,.a,Ia or d.s.-overed then., unless subsequently to the French, they havin ^ eon.e to he coun ru. of Canada, V.r,.n.a and Florida only in ,594. whilst tho French took possessi,.;of them in ssl'a i' ;; "' ; ; " " *"' ^''« '^"«"'<'' -'"not ,uestion. inasn.uch as Jacques Cartier visited 11: , T . ' "'"?""^ = '"'^ '^^■'''''"'" ''"•' ''"•■'"'' "^ '^'^''■"'- Xainton.ois an.l Varason attest t. and are n,serted at length in the collection of divers accounts which I'ureh,; and Haekluit Eng hslnnen, have puohshed u. London in their language. And it is notorious that Sieur Chan.plain ^«a '"" ' '''*' •""'- K"«'i,shn,en being on tho 20 coast o 1. onda, an .ye.l at a place called Moea.sa, an.l which they since nam.-d Virginia Jan.^s Kin<. ol hngiand granted then, for their encouragement, great privileges, an.ong others to ext-n-l thnr ri^h'^ f.om th,. .i.h-d degree to the 4.-;th or 4.ith. The Royal (Jharter was is.suod on tho 10th of April 1007 n these w. rds : ■■ Potestaton. fac.mus occupandi po.ssidendi.p.e tractus onn.-s ad graduu. uslp... quad-' r«ge>>mnmqu.ntun..tas,achr,.st,anorum principe nulli teneantur." This is all the foundltio.l the Ln^jhsh have ; it ..s n.an.lestly null becau.so it is stated in the above letters patent of King Jamc. - \U grant hen. all the countrn-s up to the 4.Hh degree, not possessed bv any Christian I'.^nee Now lea.st up to the 40th degree of latitude, the place where the Dutch since settled. And in lOO.-J, Conun^n.lor .le Chastes was Lieutenant-C.eneral f<.r the most Christian Kinir in New '"^n5->'rj;.: nVr " ";'"" ''"^^^v";i 'f ' "^"" ^^"•^""'' '^ '-•'-'>• ^•'^^'■''' ^'- - -^ "^^^ year lol.i, Jean \ araso,. ....k possession of all the c.untries fron. the XU;1 to the 47th degree. • • soli,.i!Mi!!l?of H," ^U ''"'"';; "" '?'"'"• ""'r""'" ""' ^'-"^•"'^"^-"-'•-•••al !■> ^-v France, s..nt at tho sol at.on o. tl. Iroquo.s themselv.-.s. ,nto their cmntry. to a place calle.l (lanentaa, as many as sixty t. end. men ...eluding a garr.so,, ,.r twelve sol.liers un.ler the e..,nnwu..l ol Si..„r I)np,.is, who eause.l to be const.ucte. at that place n r.nal fort, whither w.mo c.„.veyc..l four pi...ees of b.. >n..e .....,.„> wl i. h hav. ,.m .ne,l then, an.l will 1. ,o , „„,„ ,.y the French who were't!.e,-e at the ti,..e, and a. ' M hv.t.g^ 1 1..S .s prov. y s„,d S.eur Dupuis' c.n.nission of the l.Hh May, 10,-.G (App. 1) ) by the .lischa,m-H ^rS'-s": r1'!.^"r l);.p-tos..n.ooftheso,,liersof thigarris.m I.f (h.mC. t an. Hh ' » Supte„.be,-, 1 0..7 ; by tho ac-ount of the said sohlier^ ; by a,. 0.-der of the Councl ..f the las 40 o,Ap.-.l,l(..,8,u..i by another of sai.l Council of the iDtl. May, 10.-.(1 for the payment of t o vp n w^ r" /'"V;''"\"f ^'' «•■•'"'-■ '■- -'"^'^ 1-"^' "- the ,a,no sheet, signed -penveeef , .'^eT In w .eh ._.ount,.y the sa..l .sixty F.enchr.u.n cleared an.l plant... lan.Is witi: F.ench g.ai.. an.' tlu^ IrT s2i bv'Tr' "" '""'-•V^^'''""?^ "' ''^ '"^^'""'"^^ '^""^ -'^^ -le to sai.i Sieur Dup i an «1.1.. I.y the ..onmn.ssary ol stores, from 'JOth Novcub.-,-, 10a7, also sign..! P,.nv......t-App F) a ..I l.vod there peacoably an.l w.thout any opposition on the part .,f those who were then in p.i ssi.,; > Manat Manhattan] and Ora..«e [Albany 1. who. far fr.,n. being .aasters of the cuntrv of the L-o.-n pvn base, irom the,.. s,.no p... J,,. .,? their lan.Is, when th..y wishe.l IV.r „,.v, as they ,in still at p.- 's ' A.d wha .H wor l^of ren.u-^ ., th.l the l.-o.,uois then.selves can.,^ i.. 1.^. ..n an en.bassy t.. g. " "e to.-e,,uestof san U<.eurdo [....u., those sixty soldiers afore.,ai.l. and con.lucted them, tb., .I...! : 50 r^-'-r. T,r, tno .sa.u pUc. .d" C.: ,, ;: . where they l..ca'e.i, establishe.! an.l put them in po.s,seHsion (im.ucst made by the Lteutenaat-aovcrnor of Quebec, the 2i)th and 30th October. 1058-App, C ), an.l where .foi.Nr Al'PK.SDIX. H,v. IX. f'riiifh Uiiihti uiiil I'liiimt. Ill' l>i'iiiiiivilla • ■II till' I irlilll I'iiiiita in .N.irth .Viiifiii-.i, Htii ■MurJi, 108M. c?^* 082 JoifJT t'nur'i /li,i/,i, anil I'liiimii. I><' l>nit .nissi.,„a, v fatC u ; ;"'""" "'"'^" " ^"""^ '» ''"" ''"'n ..f a is .laN.,1 tiK. 12tl. ..f April. lG,-..;-A,.,, 10 ' '*'" ""*-'"' I'" "''^>- ^-ncluncn afou.sai.l (thcieej ";•"• '-1 '' -yal fort to 1... O.O..,..,, „:,t wl ^^ V 1^^ lvvunu.nl,,.,. of K.-.n..!.- whon. .Si.Mu- do Fn.n,..na.. cans.! t.. l,nil I a he s i.l K 7" ^T " ""'''"" "'"' " ^'— '"<"•- K-t..,l an,i ,..a,l..,l ui.l. „., Se„ec„,s an.l other ,. s t ''"v ''" '"'^•^ ""' '' '"'^•- "'"''^-■^ "-i- ami t.a.l,. at Niagara in I.i7«l-App. N.) had L , V V . '"'" ''" '' •""""''' '•-''•^•"«=« the«.vat.,.a....on,n.o,ia,i.,n of tin. Lie i th. 1 V " .'"'"i ' '"«"• '^"'' ""'•^'- '"'"'•'■"■■^- f"- p.>ss...ss.on ol sai.l |,h„.e of Nift.mia l,v t i,. \f .. ■ . ' '"' ' '''''"'• "^ ''"' "^ ^ entry into '>f tl... arn,,. i,,,..,, ,,, -^ ^ .t tin S '^^ " ."I'""" '"^' '"'>• ''''• "" "- '"turn n. r'h ^".M. an,| ..o„nn, ,o .h.-ir villa.... an,l n Jnv ,v In.! ! / " '''"""'"'" ^'^ "" '''"l""'" ^'""'•'T ""• I-l"ois havin. I.rok.. ont, th.. Kr. „ I ^n n " , "".s.s.onari...s th-n-, n.uil .1... war vuh «is.. th.. last two ....portions in sai., i: :.::^r',:;:: r"""'^; rr''-' - -'^ ^- (- ."to p„.se.s.sion of the ...n.ntry „f th.. S^n.-c^s da td 1) 1 . w.""i •' "'" '''''' "^ '"'" "'•^^' ^'""•y l>..n^'an, (iov.,.,.or of N... VoJ.k, u,.k .Jrio. i L ' 'Z 'f V'''''' "'' '• ^^'' '^"'I'"" ^ '''""'^ anns of „... Kin.of Kn.ian.i therein a^H ^ ,k ^l^Z'^^^ f -"''""'I """^*' '" ^"^ '"' ^''•' ""Hutmns ..f war. to in.luc-.. th-n. to a.hnit th.. n ' l".^'^^" " ^'"'''•''"'. "»«•'..>; then, pow.k-r an.l oth.r .,„ cannot conv..y any ,.i,,ht to the Kn.l.th over J.. seTi wh \ ? \T' " '''"' "^ """ ^"-"•''' many anterior titl...s. as has heen p.eviouslv re .uVT . . "''^' '"■'""^' '" *''^' '"''•"••I' ''V .so Tl.e fntiii.v of Sicur Don.ans "' ' " """'' '"^'" '""^ '"-"to.stahle ,.ights. J.Htere.1 I'.^, is ,nanife.st, ac...o.-.!i„., to what S i ■ I""''- «.;.ne.l hy eollation. IV.nve..ot, and fore Htate.1. and, an.on, oth.-r thi.,s ; a 1^ • ; ^1'.' .'':i' r' 'w"'" ^'"'^ '"'^ '-' '-oto- ><;-'l. to the ( '...nniission..,. of NV'w Knin. t" hJ Zh' n '""""•"' '•""•''"•• ""' -'*"' "^ J'"-, 'J'-|-"i^'"- on th.. Kn«li.sh, whieh is sntu i, d l.v h ' ^'T'"' ''"' ■""■•"""-'!<'" with no M. d'Aillehont, then U.>vernor of N ^ W ''^n "T"""'"" \'^ ^''V^"""^'^ ^'""-' --«'■ tVon, ,„ with M. .le T.ae, an-l the I.-o,..oi,s in 1. ('letter .1 ail K 7 "T',"""' ''^' ^''^' "'''^'^'■^ "^ »'-- "-.lo '" ."«.le l.y then, at M.u.t.eal. th.' l.Hh June 1 ««"-,! 7,^ i' ""' ''^' ""' ^''-■^ "'"' '>-'-"'!- .-...vntly tl.at the oounfy ..f the l..o,uui.s h..|. ntohL^ Xr,;. , f 'r '" '""^"''''^ ^'''''^''^''''''''X-'— rtion. his j.nisdietion. we answer, in the fi,^^ ulac . ' "'"'"' ^'"'"^'"'^ '" ''''"> ^^ i« «outh of Manatte. Secon.lly, thou,d it 'Z'l^^l^'l^rr' ""^ '" '" '""' --t-no.th-west of »-l .aken possesion of itr.von U-fore th. ., 'o?' : it^t 'iT '"" "'''^^ "' "'*-' ^"'^'-•'' -''» t;.ey are the., never op,.ed i, unt. wUh.n tlt^ ^ l^, :;d:^'U;n!;:::tt;::;^h:t __^;r._oo^.^,^^^ ,h.e Win .. p.ved hy the Acts which M ,o ^Bf lection of Moritioal, roU>ot the Hixty men <<(■ tlie Governor of ■miiunt, it is worthy "irt of th.> i ioiiii „f a 1 aforesaid (the .leod ilois : M. r«.iircfili.s, jo .tarii(|ui [Kin;;'.stoii], ^"<•>th(M■; an. I in tlio nuiiiliiTof Krcn.li- >" and (i tiovcnior, Imvi' always navi- ir de 111 Salle (ft.H is l«i'r, dated at Kort a Salle's ri'Hidenco titer liuildinirs for ho used to I'ouic to 20 the now entry into 1 the M'tiirn niiirch •^ri'- 1) 1, and this e Iroqnois country ndil llii- war vith to with.ii-HW (see of the new entry hereupon (\)h)nel i^e to set up the ")wder and other gy Ives to him. Hut nt of tht! Kreneh Ik- Kreiieh hy so ontestable rights, 'is, and that the III, I'enve.et, and liiis I)eeM Jiereto- lio 20th of June, iiection with n<.r I'iii named, from ^^ H of peace made laratiori rei-eiitly ii;,'!iii's assertions 111, it is south of st-noith-west of he French, who and who, since r "iiy riylit on Acts which M. 5Q Ij« I'uuvret— J«ui « 033 i l.n.l»,,„'tcr.Sio,irJ„lli»t, will, F»ll,«r M„,,„„. , , ,' ; l"™«.»i»a ..f llio oimimjaceiit Sieur J. la K.ll oa„„ a »l,i„ a„ I a la . 1 i ■''r™ "' H"°''"'' "''" '^I'l' ■ -"'""■ «)• '"''I moreha,»li,c. i„u II,.- «ij UU E , , I H """■■'"''" "'« »«l''"«t, »«» co.i.lactal. frci-Mi.l wilh Da ,.„u, I, i,„ii. (.hi'stti'irbi,'^ '::i::: ,r:; ,:'';:;°""" "■'"■■" ■■",' "'"•'•""'■ ■ June, 1(J87, Ann. K.) and navi-.^ted \ ..L- n "^"'^^" ^"" •^"♦'.\ '"to p...s> .sion,wIiieh is dated 7th forty years, some French estal-lished at the H„v i i. ' •M'^^iHiinakniao lor more than Hieur de la Salle, who had ^ii^: l^'u ^ ^Lt'::^^^^;''- '"" '' fY "^' '-'-• -*^''"^'-' ''r South Sea. For the continuation of which trii. '^'-'-'I'l-. and descen.ied it as far us the 20 bark to l.e begun at a place ca led ('.rv c ur TT " '",' ""' ''""•""^" '" ^" '-•'•-^-'- '^•"' <» thirds of whid. Urk . ikve ilV h^I . s T\ V'l^T'^ '" '''"" "'' ''"' ""''' «"""' «^'». t-<> Im trade in said countri s, T e tl a .r lonrV; ■ ""'" ''?""^^"''^ ^•■""'"^^■^' ~ f- others in the .nrroundin./nei.d ^ho ^ v^nel^-^^ n^ TT ^T- '" "'" ''^■^•'•'^ ''>"■ ^""•'-•''". "n^' w«. taken by him in tlm Ki^ ,n ll :^L^Z"^ 7 '''"' ''T'^''' ''''''''' '^ '- riven, of Oyo, or Abache, an^circun;:.:' :: L.^ J Jl^;:^^ "^Tr '"''? -""'--"J Miamis and Illinois. • ''"'"'"'^ «o.t mhab.ted by our Imlians, the Chaouanous. It is to be remarked that, as earlv as the vear Ifi'i-i n „ i i. , the Hurons with the Jesuit Fathers and nu Wi . i t'tl" 1 U. '""""; . ""''"""" '"^""^' «""" "P *« sent thirty soldiers thither, who remained tZ nt i ' "' '"" y'"'" "^^^'-^vards the King aoquois oblige.1 the French to reti.1 fo a t .e * ' ^ sub-dclegate, into than a hundred leagues, to n.eet at Ste. Mary o tt sl ., i"' T' '"'!. '\ ^•"-""'""'"- "'' '"oro 40fourteentribos,bytheirambassador,s,repairdtlit an in t1> May, KLjO, to Sieur Dupuy, already mentioned umler Aj.p. I) ), from the (iulf, always f jllowing the .same point of the compass, and extends beyond I>ako Superior, proceeding from the Lake des Ak^pinigons (Nepigon), without any interruption of the navigation. Our barks have lo always sailed from lake to lake along saiil river, the one making the voyage from the place called La Oalette, to Ningarji, on Lake Ontario, or Frontcnac, and the otlicrs from above the Falls of Niagara unto the head of Lake Missigame. or Illinois, passing through that of Krio ; then following said River St. Lawrence by the Detroit and Fort St. Joseph, or J)>i Luth, and thcnco into Lake Huron, or the Fresh Sea, which comnumieatts (respond) with the said F-ake of the Illinois, as well as the said Lakes Superior and W^a AU'pinigons, where the French actually are trading and have divere establishments, and it demonstrates their pos.session of the great River Mi.ssissippi. which they have di.scovered as far as the South Sea, on which river also they have divers establishments, as well as on that of Oyo, Oua- bache, kc, which (low into the said River Mississippi, and of the countries and lands in the vicinity of said rivers, where they actually carry on trade, which countries are cattily recognized on the general maps of North America. • • • » 20 ■|i M. He Dentin- villi' on thu Kninili ojienitiuni) on tlw Itiiy, l.-ith ilnnuary, Kiyo. M. OE DeNONVILLE to M. de SeiuNELAT, on the FKENCH operations in and AROliND THE Bay,« January, 15, 1G90. Our affairs at Hudson's Ray will prosper if the Northern Company continue toco-operute with, and second the designs of D'lberville, one of the sons of the late Lo Moyne, whom I left resolved to go and seize Fort Nelson, the oidy remaining post in the pos.session of the English. For tliat p\irpose it is absolutely necessary, I believe, that my Lord the Manpiis de Seignelay inform Monsieur do Lagny that the King intends that the Northern Company undertake the capture of tl ai post, and furnish said Iberville with everything he re(iuircs to render his design successful. He will want two ships. Ho ha-s already, at Quebec, (tno that lie took this winter from the English. In truth, my Lord, it would be very advantageous to the King's si^rviee had said Il)erville some honourable rank in the navy, in order to 30 excite emulation among the Canadians who will follow the sea. A commi.ssion of lieutenant would work marvels. Ho is a very fine fellow, and very capable of rendering himself expert, and doing good service. The Iroquois war continuing, as there is every appearance it will, both against us and the Indians, in tlie direction of the Outawius who traffic with us, the greatest part of the trade will be diverted towards Port Nelson, on the River Bourbon. What I have learned of the facilities, possessed by the Indians beyond Lake Superior to reach the sea in that direction, very strongly convinces me of the necessity we are under to bethink ourselves of driving the English from that commerce. But it mist be effected without fail, for they will get up this year some expeditions against us. Mi'nii>rial of C'liinjiot^niii MEMoitur, OF La Compaonie du Noud, Nov. 18th, 1690, as to Proceedings of the Enqlisii in Hudson's Bay. ^q The commercial Company of the North, established at Quebec, by permission and patent of His di. N'oril, Maje.sty, has had the misfortune, after having taken possession of the north country, and the rich and wl'itiuo"""' '»'■»?'' "V*"" of Bourbon, in 1682, to have been robbed, on land, in 1G83, by the English, when their vessel had returned to Quebec, by whom were taken from their magazine more than 200,000 livrcs of beavers martin and other peltries, at a time when there was no war between the two nations, and by means of bribing two or three Frenchmen in who.so charge the peltries in the magazine were. • N. Y. Hist. Col., VoL IX, p. 443. 635 10 , oren unto the sea lave to tho Iro(iuois iforeiimntioned, and my tho Kiver St. tho continuation of concession of M. de , 1) ), from the Gulf, lor, proceeding ('ri)m I. Our harks have the place called I^ le Falls of Niagara 'ollowing said River Lake Huron, or the II aa the .said Lakes r'era estuhliHinnents, ire discovered as far 1 that of Oyo, Oua- Is in tho vicinity of zed on the general ► 20 iROiiND THE Bay.* lary, 15, 1G90. jo-operuto with, and resolved to go and that purpose it is (ieur de Lagny that t, and furnish said nt two ships. He Ix)rd, it would bo ho navy, in order to 30 [tenant would work doing good service. 18 and the Indians, will be diverted IS possessed by the nvinces me of the irce. But it m ist NGS OF TUE ind patent of His and the rich and 1, when their vessel livrcs of beavers , and by means of 40 10 Tliis occurred at tho time when His Majesty had agreed with tho King of Kngland that the boumlaries of their territories should be fixed by Coinmissioners, to be aj.jx.int.-d on the part of tho two kingdoms ; they had, however, forbidden their subjects to commit any act of h(.stility, in which respect the Knjish proved disolxidient; arriving, near tho end of tho year ItiSH, at the foot of /-/ Hair DwNord [James' Bay], occupied by the French, they wint.'red there with two vessi-Ls and about a hundred men belonging to the 8hii)s, and buili a fort to the north of tliiit of th.i French. [The Comi)any asked tho assistance of the B'rench Government in the emergency.] GoniN, Pachot, Charles Aubkut de i.a Ciiesnays. H.c.Tx. FrrneK ttiyhti Mpiiiiirial of (^||||J||^rllie (111 iVonI, IStli Niivem* b«r, 16'J0. La Compaqnie du Nord ok Canada to Monheioneuk ue Pontchautuain. 101)3. respectino operations in the rav. The favour which your Kxcolloncy has granted to tho Compagnie du Nord of Canada of the King's vessel, tho Poll, did not produce tho effect intended, owing to Cuptiiin Iberville having arrived at (Quebec only on the 8th of August, too lato to undertake anything against tho Engiisli. It is hoped you will continue your protection, Monseigneur. in favotir of this company,- which is ruined and suffers greatly from the necessity of carrying on the war against the London company, by whom, in a time of peace, Port Nelson, one of tho most considerable on the great Bay, was taken from them with 400,000 livres of effects. 20 This London conipony, compo.sed of merchants and noblemen of tlie first . lality, estimate at so high a price tho conunerco of the Bay, that they had given orders to the Commander .f the Fort to burn all their effects if the French made their appearance. At tho siglit of a single vessel of the comi)any, in 1090, they effectively burnt the fort and over 30.000 ecus worth of merchandise, which fort, to show this esteem, they rebuilt the next year, because tho Company of Quebec was n(,t in a coiidition to occu|)y it. It is difficult to speak in terms of deserved eulogy of this great Bay in respect to the commerce which has already been carried on there, and which might be esUblished .ui tho sea coast and in tho interior, and as a basis of now discoveries. The Company could hold everything there if it could seize Port NeNon ; but the expense of tho 30 war susUined against England has greatly weakened it, and oblige.l it to luve recourse to your Excellency, to obtain sufficient force, and in a suitable time to drive out the English. By your very respectful and very obedient servants, RouEU DE Vii,i,EUAY,/bj' the Ancient Company, F. Razkur, • Macart, Le Picart, Pachot, Benace, for MM. Gatiijnon and Duprat, QOBIN, 40 Fauvel. I< Hay ,Io,.o„.U upon it. The ('...npanvH took l.y nu Act of T.ms,.n a.ai.-.VL •,?;." 7*""" ;""""^ "' ^"^* ^'^'•'''""- ^''''''^ »»>« ^^"«'i«h dche which, ou h«voforIhoa,K: i: y^ !'""• '^ ""'> »"'»- f- the «trong colony. *'*'™" '"''-"" "^ "f the king.h.in m.d fio.u your ..He. t ion for thia By your very r..«|.octfnl an.l oben,ac.-onIin,t..tIu.pnvater T , ;, '^ '» -'- ^^ "t.ack Fort tion of ,ho sai.i Si..u.- dlL. viik. cant.i . h V;;'^^,^' j'^' ''"'^ 7^ "« ^" ^''» ^■«oct. an.l the in,s.ruc- Inten.lnnt of the country, on the exe In o ,,1 ' . ""' '''"^^""'"'^ ^''''' *'""'''''"'' ^« ^''"^"'PW 20 Siour .n,.. villo, cl,a,,c'\vith l^ a xp i n^^ ""'/'" f"« ^flth ,.f July onlcc.l tl. 'Ji i" A« /..-. ,. .V.n/ (Hu,,.son. Bay), to J Tt ; 1 J ^'^""' ""' "^ «^"'^'""^" '"^^"^^^^"^ ^'AI'ITULATI N OF FOKT YOKK. 1606. Articles of cnpiUilHtionhftwcen Wiir„ii» ill. n , <-n^ «oo. a. ,. „, /wit::,:; t';, 7rMw:;^^^^^^^^ "t - * ""-'" «'-• Article...* *■ I'lat J ami all inv uH'n Fri-ncli na u.-..!' . r. r ll«g over 11,. f.,rt till „.„ „,„,,, ,^,i P '"" "" "» I""" «»Wrk„,l, n„a „.o ,l,.ll keep tl,« Fronch .n,n,;nr:;.r:;;;;,':.ri;;:,:;f.;;':;r -"—^-^nu., .„, u .h.,, i. p.„„i« ., perform lh.'to«iomoiwrmin'is"ti|jf.°""°'''"''°'''"''' "'° •'°'"" •"'"'• ■>"' "ii"ion.r,, ,h.ll p„Mi„|, 40 I), is of so much irn- The Com pan J '■ Vour Excellency, which the Knjfliith po from the strong 1 flection fur thia EON, BlUUJSAC, 10 ;aht, PiCAKT, IN. 80N »8t7th. 1693. It it waa his in- veascis, tlie Poll, • to attack Fort t, and the inslnic- ir do Cliainpigny £0 / oniort'd the Haid tli'nien interextod T/ifreae River, U, 1G96. shall have our rci-sed upon ua lighted, ball in 30 !h porfc in Now- ceop the French 9 permitted to ade tills year, •eing sulject to ies and medi- 1 the Fort on "ing the same shall publicly 40 Ol'KIUTlO.N'i lit n: ,u TlIK P^Ai 0S7 PRErK)is(j Til War which Ksntu wrni TUK Tkkatv or . ■'""'•T APi'KMrm. H.«. r.v CountrifH taken by th« Enj-li^h during the pence : Fr.rt I{..,irl«,n in IlucUon's K«v; the Fi.„, 1, h.id /w„m ^,^„ pclI.Ml thera fiom it in 1G95 ; the English took it back from thom in lOUO. To lK.>'.surrti)dtiiil bv the "«'""'""'" ex EhL'tiuh. < •iH'ratiiiin cliiniiKtli 'I'Mkon by the French dui.,^' the peace: The twoF..rts „„ i ;,th of HiidHon'-. Bv . th.^ Knglish ''""" '^'' recaptiirf.l thein durin^r the wai -C,>!-i'eA(Htndancf. offmelle S^rie, J. Archives dc r,ui,s ait Gowfiiifinenl du Canada, '6tuo uw. The Count de Fkoxtkna' lo riu; MisisTEn. 1C97. nrsrECTixo the nECAi.r.. next year, or 10 VoVA((EUas AND HOLDIEIUS. Quebec, the I5th October, 16;>7, Wo have cauHod the King's Oidinanco to be publinhpd, and have begun to cany it iiw execution with the utmost severity, and orders are g.wn.geneialh, t,, recall -iiemllv, next year not only all the voya urs, but nis.. all the HuMi.-rs who ar,. at the posts with the commandants, withuut excepting the Sr. de Tonty. invalided captain, to whom 1 had given ord.T^, in ca.Hc the .Sr. ,le la Motl.e Cadillac should d.scend with the cmvu.v of Frenchmen and -. that we were cixpoeting. to re-a.scend with these hist and fixe Frenchmen. Mud with the utn.asl j lu.le to go to MiHsiliinakiiiuc. and there to take command in the absence of the said Sr. tie la M. French Answer to the MEMORtAi. phesenteu hy the Commissauie-s cf the Kino or England 20 TllK ' OF MaUCH, ltj!l« (Copy ohlniiicd fruiii thu Public lloeonl Uffifo. London.) It will appear by the contents of this Memorial that tlie French made the first discovery of the Bay to the North of Canada, that th(.y ma.le the first settlements to maintain their trade there, and that the trouble hath happi-ncil only fnini the English. We shall not insist U> dispute about the voyages mentioned in the Memorial, f.om 1 m to the year 1631, but shall only say. in general, that it is not .seen in any relation about tb.. foreign col.mies that the English knew the Northern c.unlries from the year I4!t7. On the contrary it is ob.served that the Normans ami Ba.s.iues went, at that time, on fishing voyages fo Newfuundland, to the (iulf of .St Lawrence, the Coa.st of Libra.h)r an,l to the North of the I.slan.l of Newluundiund and of this an JO int.n.te number of voyages might be quoted. It is certaine that if any English or Danish navigators or those <,f other nations .li.i make any voyages thithor, it was only to se.k a pas.sage into the South Sea. and it cannot Iks proved that any of thu siiid navigat.us did ever make any settlements m.r trade' in the Hay of tin; North of Canada nor even knew the places raentiouod in the old Charts or Mu.os of which they now pretend to make use, for that those Charts were not made till within the.se 30 or 40 years, that is to say, since th.' English were introduced into the said Hay. It cannot bo denyed but that for establishing the right upon the po.s.sesHion of a countiy is not sufficient to have discovere.l the same, and to have lived there .some time, but there must be an ancient possession and a continued habitation, or at least a Trade maintained, to enable the parties t.. claime or cmitest the property, which the English cannot mainUine as to the Hay to the North of Canmla There 40 was an interruption even of their pos8es.Mon from the yeare ItiSl to 1007. The troubles ami cevill wans which they alleago as a prct<..nce of this interruption, did not begin till towards the year 1G40 ami during those troubles they maintained their other colonies and did also augm.nt the" trade and extent thereof. If the French, according to the example of the Engli.sli, would insist on or make use of the several vovaires which thev hftve liiftdo lit i-ei-iTiil ♦ii.^..u a,. A ,.e ♦!... ... : i •■ ,- ■■,, , , V, -'•---- ^■,";" ,", ^ " i-^'--'"-"'"- h- i"cm lAKen or countries where they have la.en,[theyj might rightfully at this day claime Carolina, for that they have had Forts there ever since the time of Francis the First. Henry the Second, and Charles the Ninth; and aUo of Cotinl I)a FriintnnM, ncall i)( ftiui milillei't, l.'-th OtloUr, 10«7. Kronch aiiawir to .M>'iiiiiri»l ol Kiivrlikh ('oinniiHAa. rie«. irtti Marvli. tew. I i< MICROCOPY RESOIUTION TEST CHART (ANSI and ISO TEST CHART No 2) _^ APPLIED IIVHGE j ST-- '653 Easl Mam Street — -^ Rochester. New York 14609 USA I^ (716) 482 - 0300 - Phore ^= (716) 288 - 5989 - Fox 688 JOTNT APPENIUX. --- ;i'tS;:St:;lt.n'K^r ;!:f?^'''7^r' ^^"« ^^''^^"^ ''^' *^'°^ '^-^ ^^^ <^— <^er. and See. IX. , : , ' s fM n, M . ," , ' ''"'^ ''^''^ '''" ^"''''''■^''' ^^''^° '^^ ^'^^^ time possessed Virdnia only /'m.fWM'* °='"^ *^° •^'^''"'^'^" *^''°s°coa.st.s but about the year lC2(i. * 'i{,inia, oniy am/ CIduns. TI i i ^•■--~ by tl,e I^uiroM r" T'" "■''' "' ''"""'' °'' ""•'" ^""'^^' ^''^-^ '^ "'^ ^°"-'-^ to the nortlnyard; and S?=^:]of p , -o: t bSwi rC r "' '"'t '' "T'f ''"^^ ^'"^"^"'^ ''^ tl,c Kin, of France to the 6orn- the sit; C f:;. :,*?■;; '";'■ "^' ■'^ '^^-^ ^'■"'^ ^^^^^^^''^'•^'•^' ^^^ ^-nch had no Forts on the coa.st of Bottom of the Bay. hath alhvays been eLy by tTe mver of ^ ^''"""""'-t-n fron. Tadousa to the other Iliver,s and'Lake.s on the oZZ' o^l^^ "laT'V ' "" "'^'"' '''" '^ "" distance on that side Th.nx> nre al ^RK r fhnf T ' '"^^ T,^ '''' ''"'°' ""^ ^^^°"*^ 120 league.s UnnerlakerSnnot -1 ■"'; '"^'^^ ^'■''° ^^^^"'^ timt lead nito the Lakes of the Hurrones and into the o? u^d of S ; ; iTel't"' ""'. " "'^f ''^'^ '^"'"' '^'^^^ "^'"'^^^ '^^^ -^"'^--ts for carrying about tir;;;^oi:i:t 1^ ;::::^ :; :ve;:::i^u '> "' ''- "^rr. '^^- ^^^^-^ ^^^ whieirrtLsii^i^r^^^^C^rz^u^^^^^^^ ^'^-°— ^ --^ ^>'« ~ th he Fr.n.?? '''''"■' ^''?^^\f ••'^"'^^ '''^^^ afterwards to maintaine against allmost all Europe hindred the frenchfrom onpo.snig the new enternrizei of fbf. F„r,i; i ? xi ^^uiopt, ninaiea tno putt a stopp to the unLtakinJsVf the E^^^^^^^^^^ River], a league and a half distant fron, tl,e Ei.er Bourbon cllin "it B„rt™ Forf Tl r r'f 7'! *" not yet «t that time an, knowledge of thi. River St Tl,™!., r„ n Ihe Engl„l, had when the Frond, ,vero busied in n^kin. their labShmerL I vTT ^''"■•'" "" '"™ ""■»■ arrived there, and .tter„ards a barke f;o. Lton Z i efttt ief 'Thrr T ""f"' m Commanders and ^scd Virginia, only ht.' iiortlnvard; and 'i-aiico to the Corn- liorn Bay [Bale du iglisli had had any to make a reser- i JG32, for restore- 10 s on tlie coast of with wliome they )in Tadousa to the lithor also by the ibovo 120 leagues ones and into the icnts for carrying ay. Several acts \ the Sovereignty e to be convinced 20 so of the reasons going to settle in 3 said Bay, where hose settlements f" the King, and 5 English had no the Hudson Bay ands or country 30 t any opposition. ope, hindred the wiiich we were 3vive matters of STorthern Bay to thither entered Port Nelson, ia d Radisson and their desertion, riiereza [Hayes 40 'he English had the same time, f from England, inch gave leave selves; but the 3rs. When the As to the men ebec, and from %^ 639 It was sett forth, in the memorial already delivered, hr y Radir.son went over a.j in into I'higland and engaged himself to the Hudson Bay Gompaii togoe and surprize and plunder, in IGH'i, Bourlion Fort. The .said IJadisson is .still in London, and the said Company actuiily pa^os him part of the pention which they iiromi.xed him at the time of his becoming in";K'ed The English make no mention in the memorial of what pa.ssed in 1CS4, although in the years 1086 and 1087, Messrs. De Barrillion and Bonrepos made strong instances for ye resti ution of Bourbon Fort and the effects carried thence. The cntfirprizeoftheEng]ish,in]GS4, inthc time of peace, engaged those of Canada togoe, in 1080 to attack the posts at the bottom of the Bay, from whence the English were driven. 10 The Icsses sustained by the French by the taking of Fort Bourbo", and of the ellects which were there, doe farr exceed the losses sutl'ered by the English by theii- b-.l-'g driven from ye Forts at the bottome of the liny, and they must impute the fault to themselves, they being the first agressors, and for that they would, contrary to all manner of justice, disturb the trade of the French and settle themselves on the lands of which the French had peaceable possession. Wherfore, it being certaine that ihe 1 4 ' 25 ~i ^ M. Begon to the Minister respecting I'osts in the North-We.st, 1718. Quebec, December 11, 1718. 30 ^"^ Sienr do Yaudreuil has been informed bv the letters of Si,.nr ,lo 1=, X^ >;;„ *i ^i • '• , very late at Kaministiquoya, where he found but few Indian:. ,^wstdeos;nJl "ortLr ""^'^ ^ Kamaiuonen.* and that he will send them after the return of those :h!:h ^'^^^^^ ^^TZ --^. kiclulmak.nac, in search of provisions; he adds that the Imlians of his post were well Va is with '"'• this estabh.sl.ment, and pron.sed to bring there all those who have been fccustomed to t 2 . PL d ■sonsBay; that he wrote through a rrenclunan, who was at Point Chagouamigon. to a die of the" & loux Nation, and he hopes to suc.e, d in n.aking peace between this m.tion and that of he C L,, tineaux; tne accomplishment of which would put him in a condition to pursue with les risk h execution of Ins orders for the discovery of the Western Ocean. In the margin is written : This first article approved. 40 .MM. DE VAUOUKini, ano Beoon to the Consei. ok Marine respectino the progress of La Nou. ■I'owARDs THE West, 1719.* , V , •, , Quebec, Uth October, 1719. he has onhX f r rrn "'" ""'"'"'' ' " *''' '"""'"^ >'^^^- ^^^^ 1^^^- ^^om the Sieur de la No. • P-.-s o, he has only learnt, by way of Chaioamion, which i.s to the south of the 1,oH.„. e t , I ' L« None where since last veMr tl„. ^lo,,.. ^ «^ ir ,**"""' "^ ^"'^ ^^ottoin of Lake Super or, and towards tha _vlu^e^.uxUs^^^e^^ that the Sieur Pachot had passed through '^^^'' ''''■ * Takatiiamiouou— Rainy Lake. " ° t Archives dc Pari.s, 3i'.l bi-rioH, Vol. VI., p. 943. *Arcluve3 do Paris, 3rd sorios, Vol. ^''11. ,' p. otC. 81 f^m Joint Al'PE.MiH. Hue. I.\. and CUiims. rriiKrcnsiif L,i Nouctiwiinla tllH West, 1819, 642 there on liis way to the country of the Scioux, where he had been sent by tho Sieur do la Noiie, with n-.pect to tlie peace that he v/as trying to bring about between that nation and that of the Chri.stineaux ; but tliat tho Sieur Pachot not having returned to Chagoaraion at the date when the last canoes left, no information as to tlie result of ids voyage liad been there obtained. The silence of the Sieur d'e la Nuiie creates the belief that he has preferred to await the return of the Sieur Pachot, before giving account to the Sieur de Vauureuil of wliat he has done in execution of the orders which he had given h. and that he was not able to do so at the date of the Sieur Pachot's arrival at Gamanistigoya Ijeeause the season was then too far advanced. The Sieur de Vaudreuil believes that the absence of the Sieur Pachot will have prorented the Sieur do la Noiie from sending this year to Takamamionen, but that that officer will have found means 10 to attract to his post the savages who were in the habit of trading at Hudson's Bay. Ciaim« of thi; Fanner of Fi>rt Tt'inis- c.iminifue, 1730. GnVERNOU THE MaRQUIS DE BeAUHARNOIS AND THE InTENDANT HoCQUART TO THE MINISTER, AS TO THE CLAIMS OF THE I-ATE FARMER OF TeMISCAMINOUE. Oct. 15, 1730. The Post of Temiscamingue had been taken from the Sieur Gorgendifere, who claims to have incurred considerable expense during his year of possession, in presents which he had caused to be given to the savages of the different nations living in the neighbourhood of Ids post, in order to attract them there, and also in the advances which he had made to them, according to the usual custom of traders. [T' ey urged that as one or even two years' possession of a post give no char.ce of profit, ha ought to be relieved from the obligation to pay 200 livres for goods furnished from the King's stores.] 20 De Bpaiihur- iioia, pniposnd attack on thi' English, 1741. M. De Beauharnois to Count de Maurepas, respecting the proposed attack on the English Posts in Hudson's Bay.* October 8, 1744. In rogar.l to tlie posts on Hudson's Bay and those they [the English] have establi.shed on this aide in tho direction of Temiscaming, and which His Majesty has been pleased to recommend me to endea- vour to neutralize, .jr to utterly destroy if possible : I have accordingly instructed Sieur Quillet, who farms ihe post of Temiscaming, and has gained the good opinion of all the nations thereabouta, to prevail on them to a.ssemble together, in the course of this winter, in order to fall, at the ojiening of the spring, a.s well on Fort Rupert as on the other posts in the direction of Hudson's Bay. I have in like manner, on receiving news of the war, sent orders to Missilimakinac, to be transmitted to Alepimegon 30 and the other posts ia that neighbourhood, .so that they may all co-operate in the destruction of the English establi.shments at the north, and among the rest, of that newly built, about twenty leagues above Michipicoton, by a Canadian refugee, who has conducted thither seven or eight Englishmen who trade there; and I have ordered not only the forcible destruction of that establishment, but also that the Canadian be killed, if it l)e possible to seize him. I have also given Sieur Guillet notice that I should, at the very opening of spring, despatch a party of Frenchmen and Indians, under the command of ;in officer and some others, so as to make a simultaneous attack on those posts. Sieur Guillet is to warn those Indians of this expedition, in order that they may hold themselves in readine.ss to join it, and, in fact, I calculate on sending it tlnther as soon as the season will permit, and I beg you, my Lord to assure His Majesty that I will not neglect anything to utterly destroy, if possible, the English estab- 40 lisbments in that quarter, as well as all those the difficulties whereof I shall be able to surmount. Dp Bcauliar- noi.s to I)e Mauri'pas, 18th June, M. DE Beauharnois to Count de Maurepas, as to his inability, tor want of Supplies, to act ON THE OFFENSIVE AGAINST THE ENGLISH.f Montreal, June 18. 1746. I am on my guard and merely on the defensive, not being able to act offensively, as I had the honour to inform you, either against New England or the posts on Hudson's Bay, in consequence of the * J^. Y. Ui»t. Col., Vol. IX., p. 1105. tibid., Vol.X.,p. a. «43 ir do 111 Noiie, with jf the Cliri.stineaux ; e last canoes left, no ce of the Sieur de la achot, before giving which he had f^iveu \\ at Gamanistigoya have prerented the 11 have found means 10 •HE MiNISTEB, AS TO Oct. 15, 1730. 'ho claims to have .e had caused to be t, in order to attract he usual custom of chance of profit, he 1 the King's storea] 20 K ON THE English :tober 8. I7i4. .bli.shed on this side imend me to endea- Sieur Quillet, who ona thereabouts, to . the opening of the lay. I have in like tted to Alepimegon 30 1 destruction of the )ut twenty leagues lit Englishmen who nent, but also that uillet notice that I nder the command Sieur Guillet is to "eadiness to join it, beg you, my Lord the English estab- 40 to surmount. T Supplies, to act lune 18, 1745. Ively, as I bad the consequence of the want in the King's stores, and even in tho.se of the merchants, of the supplies necessary f .r .s„.b ovnedi- .r,„sr tions a circumstance I was not informed of last autumn. Beside.'^, the preservation of .nir ,,ossi.ssi„„H ^":^'^- and forts in the interior of the Colony b,ing my priaeiple object, 1 consider it more pnid.nt not to «- '^■ dive.st ourselves of our small means of resistance in case of attack, and to su.spend the other pn.jects 'i^'jfv.S'' until I bo in a condition to execute them. ' j<.i-'-. umMj^^,,,.,. M, Bellin, as to the French Posts in the West and Nobth-West and Norfh, 1755. Albanj River, when the French .settled upon it, was called Quitchide Clioucn bv the Indians • but we gave the name of Ste. Anne to the fort and river. That name long existed, and it is to be fouml in 10 tT^'- ■ l?''Z ^71 ?"' °^ * ^^^' °' ^^^ '^'"•^ ''^™"' °" ^^'' '^'^''' «^ ^''i'^l' ^ve had a post called bt. Germain. The English built a factory there, and called it Henley, but it amounted to very little. Moose Eiver. situate at the head of Hudson's Bay, is not the only stream flowin- into th. b;iv at the entrance to which Fort Moose is built. On the western shore o. .at bay. River Porrd is found flowing from the west, and connecting with Lake Alimipegon about one hundred leagues from Fort Moose. The river derives its name from its discoverer-a Canadian-who reached Hudson's Bay bv that route. '' •' A large number of rivers, some of considerable size, flow into Lake Sujierior. About half-way up the north shore are situated St. Ignace Islands, opposite the entrance of a river through which Lake Ahmipegon, 25 to 30 leagues from Lake Superior, i.s reached. Although these pr.rts have Ion- been occupied by our traders and missionaries, my knowledge of the subject lacks the re-iuisite precision I 20 am Ignorant of the size or configuration of Lake Alimipegon or its tributary rivers, or even of "the greater part of the rivers flowing into Lake Superior. On the west coast of Lake Alimipegon, there is a river through which the head of Hudson's Bay may be reached. A Frenchman, from Canada, named Perray, was the first discoverer of that n.ute and gave hi.s name to the river. On leaving the lake, the river is ascended for about forty loa.rues se'vera] small lakes crossed, and a few portages made ; then comes a more considerable lake whence the water flows east, into the head of the bay. at the entrance of which the English B'ort, Moose is built. We have long been aware of the exi.stence of an extensive chain of lakes, and river connections to the wpst and north-west of Lake Superior, forming a convenient highway to the far West ■ it was oven supposed the ocean might be reached in that direction; hence the later discoveries of the French in dO those parts have only confirmed our previous conjectures, and almost converted them into certainty. In a MS. map deposited in the Map Department of the Marine Bureau, and .Irawn in 1087 by Sieur Franquelin, geographical engineer employed in New France, are found, to the west of Lakc'superior certain rivers communicating with two large and contiguous lakes, respectively named Assiniboile and Christinaux ; from the latter a river (Bourbon) runs to Fort Nelson, on Hudson's Bay. These two lakes are now called Lakes Ouinipique and Bourbon, and we have factories on both. Another map. fully as interesting as the former, is that drawn up from information received from Indian Ochagat, the original copy being deposited in the oflice, which indicates several lakes and river connection,s tending far townrds the west. Although the distances are derived from approximations liable to error, a certain vein of truth is observed and confirmed by more recent investigations in those 40 parts, such as furnished by the memoirs of MM. de la Veranderie, father and .son, sent to establish various forts for the protection of the newly-discovered territory; and the journal of M. le Gardeur de St Pierre an officer of the troops in Canada, who visited the forts in 1750, with instructions to extend {.is dis coyeries to the utmost practicable extent, make treaties, and establish trading relations with the most distant Indian nations. Although I have said the sources of the Mis.soury were unknown, the French ascended that river to a great distance, and formed several establishments; one, especially, named Fort of Orleans over 80 lea gues from the sea, in the midst of the Missouri, Osage, K ansds and other Indian tribes. * These extracts arn ^rjinnlated *rnm *i''- "Pnmamii- -in 1.^ r ,i i vi - ■ t- ■ i ~~ ' 28eetl«72e degrade latitude S-'lTv^M " ^^'"""l"" fcepteiUnoimle, c.„,,ai6e cntre le M.Ii.'llin-the I'ri'iiuli I'dsti ill tlu' Wiint iiuil Ndi'tli- \Vu.it, 17M. (541. a;™,. '[•'« ^"i"<;i'' 'Jive.- is only a tVw k.a;.M„.s distant fru.n tl>o Missonrv hut on th.. ath.r si,l.. W. >,„, from Lake Smwior ,vl,i i i ""°""'/'"'> W^'ue.stn.m its nmutli.an.l not more than 25 lea-'uea , by Siour ie Sueur ' " " ^ ''' ^""'"'^'^^ ^'-"^ ^™°' observatiun. taken iu 1700, villo'«iieciinnt of I Colonel dk Boi-oaix villi's Account of thk French Ports I-57 * y^.^K^son.'^::',"™^:-'^^ ^'-*-'. travelling l,- the ..«../,,,.. •-'"'"- ate between Lake MiduS'n.lTirH ::''*' '""'"^ ^^l^^ iVon. Detroit This ,ost i. situ- from the voyarrours five hundred fr,n... „,. , ' 1 " ' ', V ' ^'^'^''-'''''''--'^^'''''''al receives generally tl.o e„tr.,,„t of all tl,« ,„,ll,c.,,, f,.,,,,, ^ :,„i,„it ;, „; „,, „„j/,^„.,, ,,_,;:^"'- Michilliniackinac is 30 feMotcM-. . /°^,K t:' r,::;u"f- ' """" ;^,-, ■ "»Ca,™[a,„„Ua, . . . uiKler the name of the Illinois ThiM nn.t ; • „• . • ' 1 .' ' ' I \T "ations are now comprised francs per canoe. . . / 'kr s It^^^^^^ wbose price is .six hundred ^nandant in a fort called Pi nite u Ti, .',"'; I" ^"'T ''' '''' '"'""'■^' "''^^'"'^ '•-'''- ^^ eonw men produce two hundred b:*;;: of Z ' '"'^ ''" ""'^ '"''' ''''' ^'="^=^^- ^^^ ^'""^-^ have intercourse also with thJ ij; iSf . ^ ^^, "^^ t,^,, with whou. we tr.le, and who stockade., trusted, generally, to tl.e care of onro / S" '' "'"'" "-'"^•" ^°''^^ ^"'^^ ^'^ e.,.,.Xs C'a„.c?/H.. We can push uh the ,H covew" T"' "'","' ""''* •^°"'"-^' '^"^^ ^''^''^^^^ municate even with California 'b^covenes we have made in that country, and com- The post of La Mei' d'Ouest includes the forts Sr T'ri-„nr. -^ n ♦From Bougainville's Memoir of tlio State of New France at th.^'^ZTTT' o ^V- original i. given in " Relation, et Memoiro, r„6dits "1^1' A ' " ^""'" ^""" ^'^'"' ''^'^^'^'^ ^ho F,,.„oh igiy, Paris, I8b7, p. 41. I ntlii r -side. We liavo 'litioii, wi- liiivt; since iioiitl) of wliich Sieur I'f lliu iiiiiin stream !0 lt'aj,'iifs ; tliiit lake li. A small fort waa ailjaieiit li>ail iiiiiu's; ^s fill tlior are soveral 'roix flows from tlio 10 A iort, alio named iioru than 2") leagues nail p()rta<,'e of , some at, wliicli (liscliarges Hiver St. Pierro is of beautiful islands vage.s called Ouale- ' over 50 leagues to I'i. At llu; eiljow it ert— thus called on -0 lUiludu (if Fort Vert tioiis taken iu 1700, 01. " lie Grande Rivih-e Tliis post is situ- receives generally '^, and tlie proceeds times, six or seven Miehilliinaekinac is 30 situated upon the as is al.so the com- ^Galiokias] . . are now comprised rice is six hnndred >ere resides a com- *■ Seven Jnnidred Sea is the most 40 VQ trade, and who ven forts built of ildiei's, and eighty iouutry, and com- HON, DE LA ReINK an give protection # P(p^, '•"' : - ' ui. i„.„ ;:;:;:;; i„ ;;;;; 'i«"r:l ■;:::;,' r;;;;' 'n ';Tt •" ' "- ■" i.tl...„„l.v,.,st„l„,„il,i,„,m,,.L|,|„„ 'mA„>,a,,H,.,t tl,„ m.i.,,„,lo,„l.,„,,,,.„. Tl,i, trade there are U.eTetes::^et£,:w"t,r T ^"'J'!'--"'"'^^'' ^'^^ tribes that of Hudson's Bav. ^'-"'" '"^' ^''° ^^ """■'--'/-"> ^vl.o come from tlie shores TABITnU from tJK ■ '"v ' "-"i-" i/Kst may coiua on game an.l fish ; they ,sow no grain, and have no vill„vo A]l t),; . ■ . - all fertile. The post produces about 120 bundles of f'r.s ■ " "'"""*^'"'^""* ""^ not at Al'I'KNIiIX. S,v. IX. /'';■ II r/i ItiiikU iunl Cliiimi. villi-'suc'crtiirit I'f till' Kri'iicli lHist.1, 1757. rEHS5S!=t=5.=~»-;=i?- TiUDiMj Posts. (1757.) The French The Marqt-ls de Montcalm to MARsrr vt t,v Tii-rrr. T,r„ ro MARSHAL HE Bh.LLE ISLE, ON THE StATH AXD PrOSPECT.S OF CANADA* part of tlie enemy. " oionics, oi some ^toss blunders on the '^a'm'".' the * N. Y. Hist. Col., Vol. X.. StHt... of Canada, 1759 p. 960. I (i46 Joint Api'kmiix. Can.u,,;r..i,,i,^.,,J,,,.^.^^ "^ ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ '""-Uus adherents an.l sycophants; cupLlity has .sui.ed the Indians inZT le co^Z Z ::.:^:;;;,r ^^ r "'"^ ^^ ''''"'\ ^' •^"•■" "'■ ^''" ^'•''". or with cafes I..rallv a.l- .. I Tf 7i ^' ''""^■',^"'*'' "'^to>H«hing fortunes. It is nothing hut for-e.l certifi- Kin. ^:;:;^:;' .ri Ji^i:::;:: s k.S' ir^^ ^^ -^"°-^ ^« ^^ -•— - ^"-'^ colonial ofKce, the san.e as to C ' 1 ^ dj 7" T h! .h •'' "P""''^^'"".^^ '^^ l^^^''-- o'" -J other therefore has there never been any de Lx- to t'uM l\T "'"'=^"''\^''-" ^^^^ ^"vi«ie the cake ; ant of the batallion of La Sarre to iS ] tn u nf f .^r^'^'^'^T'' '\ ^^ ''^' Sen..er,n....s. connnand- what Superintendents in a con t y 'To e ,1 t cade! fr" V '''^ '''"^' '"^'' ^"^"""' ^'>' '^^ ^"* thirty tho.and ,ivr. .n certiHcat^s. for l!:i^^:tX SZ^^ !IZ ::;'Z^-^^T- tunes. Transportation is Ai^ZLa^'Z^TV ""'". "^ 1 ^T^"^"' '^ ""'^ P'"'^''^^" f^ to n.e as it is fo the public. It Tre, or 1 t at th.. TT "'" f' '""^'"'^"'' ''^ '^'^ ""'^■"""'« Has the King need o^ purchasin!; o," b t n liu s 71 T'. "IT'''' "r"'"*^ ""''^'''P'^^^ "' ''^ is notiHed, who purchases at any V "ha evt Th 1. MM 1 , ''*^' """" '*"^"^' '^ ''^^'"""^^ stores,a!lowinyainofit of one hundred an^.v/ , T'.f" '""' *''"'" ''^''""^"'''^ *» ^''^ ^ingV to favour. Is art llery to bTtransoo,!! ", °"' ''""'^'•^'^.'^'^'^ «*V /-"cvn^ to those who it is desired mandant of the ArtZy s t clt If ;?"'':f ' "''^; ""P'"""'*^ ^" '« '""•^^' ^ ^^^- *»---•' ^'o"- «hi,h price. Thisoflicf; : ca: ::r^^^^^^^^^^^^ Everythin,isdone badly and at .seven hundred thou,sand 1 vres 3 ans 1 nd Hon iff. Z " ""^ '"'''"''' "'" ^'^ "'"" ""•^'' -^^""^ «'-• °'- to M. de Vaudreuil and M. bI; " ?, '.p ^^^ 'J^^^^^^^^^^^ people, alarmed at these expenses fea a dem-e af il: '^'V'"""'^ '^'' ^'^"'^' "» '^'^ ^""-^'"e- The e«.ct i. the Canadians who io ^o^ ;:^^-;:^-::z z^^ c:z tj;-^' ^^V^' M. de Pussieux and Marshal D'Estree; :;:il^ ;;;;; ;hrfZd:;:;"^'^ ^ ' "T ^^i^ «^ book^U::i^.;rS.'^.2r^,ft^^^ Then.xi.softhe ^. w.,, and to reward those 2 ^^^::^,.:. ^^^^ J^ ^ ^^^i (IriS^^ had gone forth. to rne^ uLTlTZcf thrttrTa '"^'^ ^"' T''"'''- "^^"«^' ^^ ^'^ ^^ ^-" communicated thou,s;nd at rn sZare m n^ p^^^^^^^^^^ ^'^ f *''.'' 7"'^ '" "^ ^^^-'^ = «f t^^-e. twelve works, transports/bateaTx in then 'l^rr •"'"'' '^"''["^ ^'■"" *^'^ '^""'^«'- ^^^^^ employed ia becolectedLeher andihenitZsf 7"" T.' "' '°°''' *^'" ''"^" ^'^""'^^"^ ^'""^*'i->« will ever the ground wo^u d ;rafn unc tL d'fl ' "''" ^1 f"^ ^^ '^^^"^' ^^'^'^^'^^^^ ^^^ -''-« -" -*• thousand two hundreTren h Cot^^^^^ ^^^^ "^"'* ''^"'^""''^ "'" "''^^^ ^^-- against at least Hfty thousandtn'th h^e^^rSl t^ ^'^'''' '"^" ^'^ ''' ''''■ ''^'^^ ^« ^^^^^ 40 inient la pood for noth- li will Iif^rjn first; the M, (111 VamlnMiil or in le liius iio aL'tivity ; he M. Hij,'wt ajipcars occu- ( ; tiipiility Jms .st'izod 1 or tlio Ohio, or with linrr hut for;,a'(l c.rtiH- xpundud (or them, the 10 'n are oiinal, led hy a brother, or any other vho divide the cake ; eiiczer<,'iics, coimnaud- bad gained hy it; but ■eturned with twenty, '( Jlis Majesty, • • is lost, wldch event or wealth has an in- the expenses of Can- 20 ;o make private for- ractoi- is as unknown Tce partii'ipate in it directly, a favourite noved to the Kin"'? lose who it is desired ? M. Mereier, Com- isdono hadiy and at )n woi-th about six or irespeetfnlly spoken 30 his colleiigue. The country ; the evil "nment. * * ies of His Majesty's d a near relative of » * The maxims of the turn from Colonies ip with which they leen communicated ' ; of these, twelve tliose employed in inadians will ever by calling all out, 3 will make three d. What is that 40 X. JienJi (Dtndal Scscriptlon of J^ounbnrics, .tlllNf Ai'I'knuix, Snc. X. Frrnrh (iJ)tcKi ■jf llinindann. A|ip(riiitiiM.nt Lettehs Patknt appointino Sieur de la Roche, Jani-ary i" 1598 • of ti?^ Z\\ ""; l;''"^°"'^"^-«'^"-''l °f " ^'""-'ia, Hochelaga, Newfoundland. Ubrador, the River ^''?''""' of the r,reat Iky of Noren.bogue, and the lands adjacent to the said provinces .ml river, wLl I e - -y '''' :t:S HsUrPr^::..^^^^'^' -' ''- country, provided they are not inlabited by l^^!^::::^ ::; >- " DKSriUITION IN TItE COMMISSION OF SlEUR DK MoNTS, NoVEMnER 8 1603 + We constitute and appoint you our Lieutenant-Uenernl, to represent our person in the conntri., r. r;rr;:r'^H' •^-f-l^^ ^-'- Comn,encing at the ..tiLh degreed? ^ZLt J ^^M^^^ ingto the forty-sixth, ami with n these imits or such nait thernnf .,« if ...o,? » -u, . exitnci >^a> S„v,;n.' th^ein n.ake km..n our nan. and extend' our X:^::^:;:^:i^!:i2^^^^^ ^^ '^^• 8ubnnssion,and obedience all the people within the said liuuts and those of the adjoini^ng allantry/ Declaration of the King on the subject of the Commission or vz Monts. Fkbruart 8 1C05 The description in this declaration is in lifforent words from the preceedingj ;_■■ To represent our person on the coasts and in the interior of the limits of Acadia Canada »n 1 ^fh i ^^ Jl^ our r, „ t,_ and to colonize the country." ' ^^^' ^"^ °''^" P'""'^« '" ^^^^ * '•^^co '^ZiVr"' 1606. Commission to Champlain, 15 Octoder, 1612. Charles de Bourbon, Count de Soissons, Peer and Grand Master nf Fron.^ M ir- • JO Lieutenant-General in New France in virtue of the nower 1^^ J ^^'^'^^ °^ ™°' ^^^ Kings cha,n„lai„-. commissioned Champlain, October 1^ ICl b: l^ttr. ^tt in Out^:? W^^ "^^" ll'"' ---^V our autnority extends, and so far in the nterior as L may be abl t^" ta^^^^^^^^^ "'' name, power and authority of His Majesty, and therein^irbring'ulr': 1^ i^ obchence, all the people of this and the surrounding country. . . for this pur ,0 e tT mill v covenes and explorations in the said territories, especiafly above\he place a led QuTb as ^r t th^ ^rr.t-t^^~-r^^^^^ 30 Charter of the Company of the Hundred Associates, otherwise the Company or New France, 1G27. [Extracts relating to the Boundariei and concesiion of Commerce 1 ACTE POUK '^^TABUSSKMENT DE LA CoMPAONIE DES CeNT AsSOCI^S, CONTENANT LES ARTICLES ACCORDI^S A LA DITE CoMPAGNIE PAR M. LE CARDINAL DE RiCHELIEU. LE 29 AVRIL 1627 f IV. Et pour aucunement r^compenser la dite compagnie. des grands frais et avances nu'il lui con VJ^^P^^^^^u^^^i^^^^ e^ ayans cause, en toute propri^t^, justice et seigneurie le A^r H.8toire de la Nourelle France, par Marc L'Escarbot, ed. 1618, n 408 ' — ?-'- ^'""• t L hscarbot, p. 419. ; rtia, p. 427. - I •• °- § "Voyages des Sieur Champlain, Ed. 1830, pp. 307-8 1627. .TdtNl* Al'I'KNI'lX, s,.,., X. itrnvt'i/itinlii tif Jiiiilli'l- nrim, ClinrtiT "f tli<- ('iiiiiiiiiiiy 111 til*' Hiiiiiln J AH-tOi'idtct ir.'th April, 1027. f!4« flirt ct Imliihition ill' Qik'Ik'c, avoc font lo \m\H ilc 1ft Noiivi'llf Fmm'f, ilito ('ftiimlii, taTit Ic litn^j dpi rcitcs ili'|illis la hi II iilr. i|ili' li'N ]ili' k'crssi'llis rni:* di- S:i .\|;iji'st(' (Hit fiiit lluliihT, ell rilM'^'iMlit li'S n'lliiS di' la iiiri' jii^iiu'an ctcI Aiitii|iii' pdiir latitiidi-, I't .ju lnn^ritiidc (l'|iuis I'IhId dc Trrn'-Ni'iivi', liraiit u I'diirNt, jii-i|iriiu 'j:raiid iic, (lit la iiht iIoiku-, ft an drla i|iii' drdaiw Ir-i tnii'i it h' l"!);,' drs rivirn'.s qui y pasxi'iit, I't Ni' di'' luu'i,'i'iit laiis Ic tiriixc aiipi llr St. -Lament, iiiiticini'iit la Ljiiiiidi' riviiTi- Ac ('iiiada, I't dan-, tuns li's autri'H !lcii\ts ijui |i'>, ]Hiit'iit :i la hut, ti'iTt's, miiu't*, niiniiTi's, iniir Jiiiiir tniiti't'ois do.s diti'«* iiiiiii'H coiitoriiii'iiii'iit II rurdnniiiiru'i', ports >•[ luivri'S, tlnivi'H, liviiiv.-*, otaii;4-<, isli-s, joints l'I ;rt'iii'' laliiiiciit ♦I'lito ri'iciidiii' ihi dit ji.'iys mi hm;,' rt iiii lur;,fc! et par du lii, tant ct si uv.iut ipriis poiirioiit t'triidii' ft t'.dii' I'liiiMuitii' Ir iioiii df Sa Maji'.sto, iiL' HO ro.-icrvii'it ."^M lUto Miijt'sti'', ipu' li; iv.ssort do la foi ft liiiiiiiiia;,'!' i|iii liii M'ld porttV, ct, a .-.(?« siiiL'irssciirM rois, par les dits assucit's on I'lm d'l'iix, avec utie 10 fiiuriiiim.' d'lir du pnids di- Iiuit iiiari|ui!.s u i.'lia(iuij iiiutatioii do vols, et la pruvisicm dcs iilllfitTH di' la jiistici' suiiVfiaiiM', i|ui liii sennit iininiiu'H v.t ))U\st'nt<^8 par li'.s dit.s nsnoeii's loisipi'll .sisra jiiyti a propo.s d'y i-u I'talilir : pfriiiuttapt aiix dit.s assucii's faire foiulre caiioii.s, laiuli'ts, furjL,'i'r touti-.s sortt'.s d'aniiL's oftbnsivf.s ot di'fi'iisi\i's, faiiu puiidru a cani)n, Ipatirt't fnrtiiier places, tt fairo j^'i'iit'rak'na'iit t'.s dit.s lioux tuuti's I'liHscs nt'ci'ssain.'s, suit pour la .sfiii'tu du pays, .soil pour la con.si'rvntioii du ouniniLMco. \'l I. |i'a\iiiitiii,'(', Sa Majcsti' aecnidcra anx dita as.socies, pour toujours, Ic tiallii' dc tons cuirs, pcnux ct pcllitciic dr la dito N(iiiV( lli'-Fi'ancc ; ct |iour ijuiii/.i' iiiiin'cs sculciiiciit, a ciininu'ncii' aii premier jour dc jaiivier dc I'auuuc lUil.s.et tiiiissaiit an dernier dc ili'ccinlpie (pic Ton ('(iinptera llJUl, tout autre com- merce, suit terreslro on nuval,i|ui m; ponna faiiv, tirer, tiaiter ct traliquer, en ipiclipic smto mi maniero que CO suit, en I'ctendue du dit jiays, et autaiit (pi'il .'•e poiirra etendic; ii la rt'scrvo dc la piV'lic des 20 inorues ct lialeincs seuiciuent, ipio Sa Mnjest(' vent ctre liluv a. tons ses sujct i, n'viKpiiuit a let ctl'et tmites autres coiiot'ssioii.s coiitraiios a IVtlct (pic dessus, niemc les ailicdes ci-dcMint aecordus i\ Guillautne dc (.'aeii ct .SOS associ('s ; ut a ces tins intcrdira Sa (lit(; .Majestc, pour Ic dit temps, tout le dit commerce, tant an dit do Caen (pi'i'i .ses autres sujiits, a peine de contiscatioii de vaisseaux ct maicluindise.s, hupiullo confiscation nppartiondra a la dite compai^'iiie ; et mon dit .soiyneiir Ic grand-maitro no baillura ancun conge, passeport ou permi.isioii a autres (pi'iiux dits associtJs pour les voyages et coininorces Hu.sdits en tout ou en partic des dits lieiix.-f* Fait y Palis, ce vingt-iiuut' avril mil six cent vingt-.scpt. Signi : Arm^nd, Canlinal de Richolieii, DkKol(jukm()nt, #30 lIoi'Ki., tant [mur nmi (jiie jiour lus (lil.« Duclicsne et LiUai^naiit, DiBi.oN, Kjiidio (le Dieppe, et Castillon. + The fiilltiwiiit; is an English transktion of the almvo nectiuna ; IV. And to recompense the Baiil Company in some nieanire for the t;rcat outlays and advances which it will lie nccesRiiry for it to iiiaUe in order to reach the s.'iid [leople, and for tlieii- Biijiport and preservation, liia Jlajesty will give in peipetnlty to the said hundred a-soeiates, their heirs and assigns, in all [iropriety, riglit and BeiL(iiiory the fort and huliitatiun of (jiiohee, witli all tlie said eodntry of New France, called Canada, as far along the cast from Florida, wliich the kings, predeecs.Hoiy of lli.s .Majesty, ha 1 caimeil to In; settli.'d, ranging along the sea coasts to tlie Arctic Circle for latitude, and for longitude from the island of Newf(juiulland, drawn to the west, to the great lake called the Fresh Sea, and from there within the lands and ahmg the rivers which pass tliere and discliargo tlieniaelves into tlie river called Saint Lawrence, otherwise the great river of tJanada, and into all the other streams which flow to the sea, lands, rivers, minerals, to enj 1}' forever tlie said mines, in accordance witii the ordinance, and the fiu'ts and harhours, streams, river;(, ponds, island: and i.slets, and in short the whole extent of tlic said country both in leng.h and breadth and beyond so far and as much further as they can extend and make known the mime of His Majesty, reserving for his said M.ijesty only the jurisdiction of the faith and homage whicli shall be borne him and the kings, liis suctH'SHors, by the said associates, or one of them, with a crowiv of gold of the weiglit of eight marks at each change of king, and the appointment of the otKcers of soverrign justice, wlio will bo nominated and presented to him by the said associates whenever ho will judge it proper to establi.h any ; permitting the said .associates to found cannim bullets, forge all manner of offensive and defensive arms, manufacture gunpowder, liuild and fiu'tify [ilaces, and make geneially in the said places all tilings necessary either for the security of the country or for the preservation of commerce. VII. Furthermore, ilis Majesty will grant to the said associates, for ever, the trade of all leathers, skins and furs of the rsaid New Frnnoi' ; and f.ir tifteen years only, oonimenci'ig on the 1st day of .January, of the year 1623, and ending on the last day of Deceinlier, 1643, all other commerce, whether by land or sea, which eaa bo created, derived from, negotiated ♦ M . II, tatit !(< lon;^ <\pn I'llM'^fiUlt ll'H Cl'ltHS iTo-Nfuvi', liiaiit ii ; (li's rivit'i'i'S f|iii y ii'it; (lc ( 'iiiiiulii, et jiMiir t., . UK lAities 1 utentes du (Jouverneur do In. Nnnvnti,, i,v„., •• • c ,. ,r ' '" I> Arpnion'n 26tl, January 1657 "'""' '" ^''^""'' "^ ^icoMTE d'Auoenson, of J;;:;'"'"--'". autli Jim., lli£>7. The SiEun de Mezy, 160.1. COMMISSION APPOINTING SIEUR TALON TO BE INTENDANT OP CANADA 1005 + repo.se n your experience '°" '"^'^ «'-" ■"••-'"^ "" ^'^ ::e^r:,:d\;"a;:irr;^^^^^^^^^^^ conpions c..rary to the ah<^o. even S:: ;;:C« to theao ends Ida said Majesty will, for the said time interdinf all n " '■*"'' '"' "'^^'-i^t^ ! '">d subjeets, under penalty of the confiacati,.„ of vesX;"dm 1 d^^"'^ "'" *" '" '^''''" " '" ''" ^''''•"• and tlie aaid My Lord tho Grand Master shJlta, n' ''^'''' '™''""''"" *'''^" ^^^ asso.^s for U.e above voya.es and c^^r^;; ir:,2 ^^^J ^=^0^^^;^ ""^ ^'^ ^"" ^" ^'^^ ^^ Commiaaions des Gouverneurs et Intendants T H + N. Y. History, (^1., Vol. IX., p. 22. ' " ' 50 wonir.t:rr::Tst:rrdl;^nhrl:;r: ■- f:-" °«!f,^^ •^7— °^ this penod ana .ubse,„ent,v. It Septentrionale." ^ "^^' '''P^^^^"'"" =-" Canada .et autre pays de la France en Am;rique 82 650 "■^-- 'i:^;r';I:I:;;;:::' :" TT n 'T ^n ^•-■'~' <>-"• ■^ie..t.nant-Oe„o.-al in sa^ Country of . «- '^- a '.t f : r'T"^ "•'"'; ■^''.^ '"' "'^'^« '" y-' by our p.oplo of sai,l Country, l.y tl,o n^ilitlry ^:^X;;r Z n^ a ;;; " :^ : "uf^ " f. T'"'"'^ ^ '■'^":'^'' *•-" ""-' -"' 'l"ick .justice ; tali i„f;,rn,atioa C'oninLiKsinii »/ ^"- i;;":^:ls;=-r;^^ri^ir^^^^^^ Siciir 'I'iilon ItK III KKm, :'«^:;;:t;rc;t:;;;!=!"L--'=---^^^^ ''''i"» (Jradu'itos liv..,I l,v fl. , n. r , -'■'--=- -"^ ';«■" w you tne number of ,)u(W.s and .nan aft ;' a f"' •'"^'"'""' "''''='' ^'"" '" '''^'^'''^^ ^'-'^ ^^^ y- - thl same supennteni. tI,o , ..oction n.na,on.ont an.I.li.strihutfon of Our funds dostined.r ^ ^I 'r n ded l,v I H . , l»«>:pi'.l.led by Our Lic,,t«„a;,t.Ocn,,al.i„.CI,ief anj i„ hi, ab«„„ce i/ollid c™„:';. '"'" ""' "™" "' ""= """ »' ■"'-■^•■>' »f -"-«««. Police »".l ^'inances U.ven at Paris, the 2:ird day of March, in the year of Grace. 1665. and of Our Rei«n the 22nd. LOUIS. By the King, D'LlONXE. [And sealed with the Great Seal in yellow wax.] DESCRIPTIONS IN OTHER COMMISSIONS, 1665-1G88. M. Le BAunois. Agent General of the West India Company, 1665. "^^'"^ . T'>e exprassion, "depui.s lo Nord du Cana.Ia ju.sques a la Virginie." i.s used in the Commis .s.on of M. .E BAUUOi, Aprd 8. 1665. as agent-general for the Con.pagnie des Indes Occid.lntaler 40 M. Le BoiiTEuoiJE as Intendant, 1688. The Commission of M. DE BotTTEiiniiii- Auril s i«hu T_i j 1. • • .1 M Talon (1665.) ' ' "* ^' ^^^^' Intendant, is m the same tenn.s a., that of loral in said Oouutiy of Joiintry, hy the military stico : take information proceed ajfainst tiioso ! and perfect tlie trial, lumber of Judges and and delicts, abu.ses and omitries ; to preside in fil in America, and of 'iinada ; to judge sov- 10 1 tit : confirming from i by }'ou in the same 3ns (prlHes a partie), ill, likewise, that you lid hereafter intended, tications, contingencies, n, and otlier disburse- ir) the statements and ef, and, in his absence e to be reported to you 20 ices and appurtenances Ivant.igc of Our service e, Police and Finances hereto, We intend that ch we give you power, y and de Courcelles to der tlie officers of the hear and obey you in the execution of these 03 r Reign the 22nd. LOUIS. 1 in yellow wax.] DESCRIPTION IN CHARTER OF LOUISIANA, GRANTED BY LOUIS XIV. TO .M. VAin/.XT, SEPTK.MBKR, 1712.* We, by these presents, signed by our hand, have appointed an,l do appoint the said Si.M.r Croxat oley, to carry on a trade in all the lands possessed by us, and bounded v New .Mexi o a, n the la,ids of the English of Carolina, all the es,al,lishn,ent, ports, havens, riveil, and pri, 'h dh , ^ an aven of the Isle Dauphine, heretofore called Massacre; the River of H, Loul. L v ! ,. ! , M ssiss.pp,, rom the edge of the ,.ea as far as the Illinois; together with the Riv.r of St J'hilin 1 re totore called the .M.ssouri, and of St. Jeron.e, heretofore called Oiiabache, with all the c ntries 10 temtones lakes w.tlnn land, and the rivers whic]> fall directly or indirectly into that part of the Ri" i I.-Our pleasure is, that all the aforesaid I^nd.s. Countrie.s, Strean.s, Rivers and Islands be and Z'"V,'! V S 7-y'"'''\"^ Louisiana, which shall be depen.lent upon the Genera! (iovernuH.nt of New .-lance, to which it is subordinate; and further, that all the lands whirl, we possess fmn. the Illinois be unite.], .so far as occa.sionreciuires, to the General Government of Now Franc, and beeon.e ot tlie Ouvernment of the Country of Louisiana. .ForxT Al'I'KMllx. Hfc. X. f'niirh offciiil l>' .vrijitiiiiig ■"■ It'niufl- iirim, ('ll.iltlTl)f l.iiuisiaii.'i, l-Mlis XIV. tn M. Cnj/iit, ^'■|it.,iri:'. 1 20 30 LETTERS PATENT GRANTED TO THE WESTERN COMPANY, ITlT.f the r""T^r ^''"''".' 1? "'' '""' Company, for the space of twenty-live years, beginning fron. the d,.v of the g,strat>on ol the present Letters, the exclusive right of tra.ling in our Province^and Governn'.ent C ': rt":" 7 1 : ^ P--'^'-- « '--- to the exclusion of all other persons, in our colonv of Canada, fron, the 1st of January, 171,S, untb .nd including the last day of December, 1742, all' the beaver, fat and dry. winch the inhabitants of the .said colony shall have traded for, whilst Mesial regulate accordnig to the accounts which .shall be sent over to us from the said countrv, the .uantiti.s of the d.t erent .sorts of beaver that the Cou,pany shall b. bound to receive each yea,' fron th s inhabitants of Canada, and the prices they shall be boun.l to pay for them V. With a view to give the said Western Company tlie means of forming a firm establishn.ent an.l enableitt.executealte speculations it may undertake, we have given, Ranted, and cnce.lel give, gran , and concede to It, by these present letters, and for ever, the san.e way and extent as we have granted them to M. Crozat, by our letters patent of 14th SeptendHM-. 171-2, to enjoy ti.e sa no n ful property, .seign.ory. and juri.sdietion, keeping to ourselves no other rights or duties than the feal v and hege homage the said (.Vnnpany shall be bound to pay us, and to thelungs our succe. "r t ^^ new reign, with a golden crown of the weight of thirty marks. ^ ^- 1'''e«aid Company shall be at liberty to establish such governors, officers, majors, and others as hey nay think ht. to command the troops, and the .said governors and major ottieers sha 1 be pre ent h to us by the directors of the Company, in order that we may deliver to th n our commissions r.i'ttcis iiiitcnt to tllc Wl'St- t'l-ii Ciniip- aiiy, 1717. 665. ed in the Commis- I Occidentales. 40 !ime tern!.n an that of ORDER OF THE KING IN COUNCIL ANNEXING THE ILLINOI.S TO LOUISIANA.: The King in Council, having under consideration the Letters I'atent, in form of an e.lict of' the month of August last, establishing a commercial company under the name of the VVestern v'n >• ; Compagnie d Occident), together with tho.se of the 14th September. 1712, grantcl to Sieur Cro ' 1 b.,igofoi.„n..that.twouhl be conducive to the service of the King, ^nd of use and ad.' C^:,; ^!ll}l!!:^!i!:!L^!:'^'^ jJlf^^^ Govenmieiit orth^ovince_o^Louisi^^u.a,^- ad.din. to It the t Kd. , Ord. , eir., T. J., pp. 377-8 ; Ermch's Hist. (Ut. of LouhUin,,, p. 50 ti-il., Ord., etc., T. I., pp. 375-6. Oi'iliT of King 11 ('(iiincil, .■inncxiiit,' IlIillliiH tl) liiniisiiiiia, •-'"til Sept., 1717. *% Joint ArPKNiiix. Si'c. X. French 0{Hcirtt Dcscrijitioiis of Jliiun- darks. Order of King in Ccmncil, annexing Illiniiis to Louisiana, 27th Sept. , 1717. 662 country of the savages, called the Illinois ; the report being read and everything considered, His Ma- jesty in Council, on the advice of the Duke of Orleans, his uncle, Regent, has united and incorporated the country of the savages to the Government of tlie Province of Louisiana ; desires and intends that tlie said Western Company shall enjoy the lands comprised under the name of the said country in the same way tliat it ought to enjoy those granted to it by the said letters patent in the month of August last, and that the conimandants, officers, soldiers, inhabitants and others, who arc or who may be in the said country will recognize the authority of the General in command of Louisiana, and yield obe- dience to him, without any kin.nwi ,i,...,„:« i„,i..„ ...!.,_ , F"""^'«" ^-o seize all canues found within the extent of the said domain, laden with nie,cbandise, suitable for tradhil' or wi other ol^ects of trade, w.ne^andliqu.>rs^(b.,isso^)^,Ki^ammunition and other .il.^, ZZl * Edits, OriloiMances, etc., II., p. 368. + Intendant, etc., of Canada. or with furs and iier concealed I -'^ 654 Joint api'knuix. r.. I- Ami for tllG PXr-nilt.inn f>f ,^,,, ,. K .1 ...... . '' ' Oidinanci' our imanco. tl.e said Carlier is pc.nitted t.. cause it to be posted up to he, necossarv • ' "f wiuinanci' (in , v,. >,,,, . m uiiiiiiiee, iiie saiu Tploult:' ' " ""'^' ^'"' "'• ''" "'"^' .i"''«<^ it to be. necossaiy ; l"^' Our ordinance delivere.l on the naid request of Marcl. 30 1731 bv wlnnl if • • ■ , and in execution of private orders wbicl. we have rolv ■ 1 fr H" m ' "'^ g'^'"a.l'"lfe'ment, an invariable n.annor tl,o boundaries of th L ^of 1H b , ! " '"'''' "" '^'^ '^"^J^'^^' ^« «^ '" of His Majesty, acoonli,.. to tl,e said arre of t • K , r ^ ^' i' "^ o " '°""''^ '"'^•'^'■^'^^ f"*" ^^^^ ''«™^in ordinance of k Begon of the oth Ap, "l Jt^O ' ^ "' '' ^"''' '' ^'" ^'^'^'^ ^^^y- ^^^T. and the 10 ti. e:i:.;;^r ::^ i':i^!;^n wsn;;:,f;:;^s;:-^^ ': Tf ^ " '-'- - -- '-^ «^ the Isle aux Coudres to the Rive, ! loisy an he i te ' f n " '^'"'' '"' ^'"''""^ ^'■°'" .l^c,,a.,e into the Saugenay River, wit^ U^-^^lle^^- ''T':^;,:':/?^^ ^"' ^^^r"^^^ which they ruu, from their source to their ,Mnl,nn 1 , ^7" "•^' "'^ extent of tlie country through trading is or can be carried on ;::th^hl;^;;;;!:r'""' ""'" "' "" ''''"''^ ''"^^^ "^^^ Majesty, fron. the Isle aux Coudrc^ io7l Ri "rT i "'""''"n " '"^ ^"'"^' "' ^'"' ■^^''' ''-"-" '^^ Hi! and lakes which discharge into it v tV 1 e^ " , / ' "^"^'" "\''? ^"^'"''"'^>' l^'^'"' -"1 the rivers 20 they run from tl,eir sou.^e to their blm^tmr'^'"' "^ f "''"" "' "''"""' ''"•'"•'»'' ^^'^'^^ the same in the form of a journal ml" in" 7.' f 7'^^'«!"-'^'^ P'^"'^' ^'^'l to draw up an account of extends ; the falls or rapids w le ; ort^fs ha^r l' " '"'' "•^^■'="*-^- ^^^ •^--I"-, bateaux or canoes countries situated upon them eS ,.te„ts a ,r: ' ^ ''" '™-*" ^'^ lakes and rivers, and the Savages, and the seal and salm n tishin. uZ^^ ".2?"'"" "f^'^' '^^^^ ^ --ied on with the previously carried on. the vesHges of whi'ch""tm ma '' 1 rr/I s '"'^ T"^^^ -^^^'^ ^^^ the country; and generally everythini, which oir, ,■ .n^r'i T ! ^'"'^ ^"''^'-^ "^t'o'"^ inhabiting said limits, and imike the^r adint ^e^kln ace c^J ^L tl e^^'^ ""'""" '" "^^^"* °' ^''^ said ordinance; ° ' ^'^^^''^^^g to the private instruction annexed to our Another ordinance rendered by us, May l^th 1719 J,v -.,1,; \. Joseph-Laurent Normandin to execute con ointv wi^b%^ ^vhieh we named and destined Sieur March, IT.U. instead of ,he Sieur Aube.t dc 7" na" tl^o t f''' ""' ^^'''"••'"^° °'' *^"th broken his thigh at the Petit Riviere ate house of "' '""' "^^^''^ '° '''''''' *" Q'"^^*««' '^'^ving have been done by the said Sieur de a ClZvf oT" n""' ^""'^"'' '^ Marcli 30. 1731 ; and for this purp" thev ar 7 IT 7:t "^ '" " ^"■^^^■"^^'^" '' ^^'^ ^-^ ^^^ the River Saguenay. aking a^JtJy;^:;o^^'^:l^:r::^ ^"^,^^'-'« -''-^ 'i-harge into n-arking the limits there by placing the lilie,; Tf^L^T^J^.^'^^^T ^"^ '"^';'. °' '^"'' journal containing all the observations mentioned in our said ^Lt r.V^i^el"' "' '"'"^ "^ 30 rpv ^ , „ , ""v^ uuii niftLiucllOn ; ine ji^?m'f« verhaux of the said Sieurs He In r'iw>„„„ j xt .. map which we have caused to be l^^^^Z! "'""^'"' ^" *'^ '""'"^ '' ^ J-"-'- the ,, Reference being had also to our ordinance of thp tu...lffi f n CWlier. Adjudicator-General of the united a. „s of '^^ :: ^i o ' 7T"' .'"^"/\^'«*— ^'- Pierre by the said Sieur Ougnet, Plaintiff. to reply to u on tl 1 2^)?^ / ?:;''" "^ ''^^ ^^'^■^*' ■stipulating Bissocas much in his own nanie' as l.alu^ h'd c^d hh: tl :;\?^^^^ Vallerenne. and Jeanne Bissofc his wife and of the d!. . «• °I" ""^ the deceased Sieur .le Fleury de Logorgendi^re and Claire Jolt. Ids wlau^^^^^^^^^ eh"T .'^ '^'^"^' ''^"'' '^"-P^ Fran,oise Bissot, as much for themselves as f;r the h h"tf tl etid ^ "Tt"^"'"' ''°'""^' ''"^^' ^''"^« Defendants, and Sieur Jacques Gourdeau. son of tl e , "™ , } Z ' ^ , ^""y^r"' Ma.lame JoUiet, his said father, acting as much for himself as for the co- 2 of tl T7 T ' '"'" ""■""'• '""' "^ me CO Jiurs ot the said deceased Bissot, his mother also 50 'ver they may bplong, avo tradfil with the I lii3 maile jmhlic by a h1 by them ; Q it to bo posted up 'ore giving jut, Sieur Joseph olliet, and Claire Madame Jolliet, •ie Bissot, iieir of ', his motlier also 50 I t <^ 655 Jfte mb Inril iI'T'' "^""^ 'T 'T' ^""IT ^''" " '^""'^'^^ *" ^^'^ al.n.lonn.ent made by then, in writin. o the 12th Apnl last, ot the lan.l concede.l to the decease.l Francois Bissot, Sieur .le la Riv ^Te by the Umpany of New France, of the 25th Fel.uary, 1001, fnnn the Iste-aux-.Enls to the R er Mo 3 ' aM We l.ms as far as necessary, re-united to the domain of His Majesty, the land granted to the said ^Z^:1:17 T ^^'--^"f^ "-lusive, to Poin. des Coruiran; which i^fi" or ^ li J^ Dclow tlie said River Moisy ; doing this, 'i-.i^ki-s 10 or in^^eiranvlraf V'"r''''^ ff- "''"'' '"'^ intervenants, as well as all others to carry on, directly e t r in tt R lu M 'i : 7i !?' "'"i"""''' "^ <^'^'^^^'i'^'""-ts within the extent of this Ian. , eithti m tl. Rival M„isy or other lakes and rivers which form its atHuents, or to disturb Monsieur Su;:,!: ;n::"' '''''''-'' ^"'' ^-'"----^ ^^ ^'^ -^^ ^-^ -^^ -^-s, underu^ ^:;;i:: nf fhTy ''f\-T ')' ''^"^"■'"' ^'"""''' °^ '^'''^'''' ^^'^""^ «''^"^- D^"^'-^'"-*^ With jurisdiction over the farm of the limits of ladou,^ ac, containing the limits and privileges of the said trade • The arret of the King's Council of State, of May 16th, 1077 • Onlinaiice of Monsieur Raudot, of September 20th', 1707,' forbidding all persons even forei^rn Savages, to tra.le or hunt within the extent of the Limits of Tadoussac • ^ 20 treat1^d!tlSr^r' 1'',"^"' ^'"'"' '' '" ^'^ September,' 1700, prohibiting all persons to Xfa^^^ list 1? ^7^ f la.loussae,or to draw them away in any manner, aud perinittin. the extnt:; ;he L- 1 lim^^^^^^^ "' '^'""^^^^ '^ P'""^^'' ''' ^^^^ ^^^ ^^^^^ shall find tradi'ng within tl^: Another ordinance of my said Sieur Raudot of Anril 7fl, T7in • • And every thing considered : four fieurs-.le-lis on four b^Us 1 1 fi s t" said Lafe Kirk T 17' """'■"""''" '''' ^^^° ^'^^^^ 40 River Quiatechouanon, which dischar.'cs into th. S ^'^°"^^^"^f '7* f«'-"""S other lakes, and the lakes form the boundarv of the hnlTlf 3^- ^TT""^ *'"'°"^''' "^'^ '^''^ ^^^'^'^' ^t. John, which two beside Three li^ nd i^dept,' ^'^Z h^i^hJ V 7'^ '\ ^^'"^" ' '^"' ''"""'"^^ ^^"' ^« *'- -«*' Patitaouaganiche, latitude iMsTle^tisaleuItT' vV'^. ^T" '''"" "" ^^"'^ '^'^^ four balsam firs, which lake flows Trou.. iZ A r M T "" '''° ^^'"'''^ ^•^"'' fl«"'-«-de-lis on where How also the waters of U e N S,au lit f f ,t"" '\ '''^ ^"'° ^^^^ ^'^^•- ^='^-'^-". into the Saguenay, and form the bomKlarv wLvf "''"^Vu f '!'' ''""" P*^" ''"''^"^'^ ^^^^^ ^t. John country of Three'^kive.vsanrRrvSnuIi^^^^^^^^^ "^^^'-"»» f-" ^he hunting journals of the said Sieur de la Chenavo and Nn ^'"""^laries above designated, according to the .ToiNT Al'I'KNIlIX. Fn-iifli (Ifflrial /h'.tcri/ttions iif liouivl- Onlinancft on t'l" limits (if 'I'liddUBsac, ir;«. Joint Ari'KNDIX. Sec. X. t'riiirh Official J/4nt'n'}ittnu.t of Hound- ariiS. Onliiifincf of till' limits iif Taduusdac, 1733. 656 Mistassins, and behind the Mistassins tvs far &» tho Hndaon's Bay ; and on the lower part of the river, the domain will be bounded, ii\ consccinence of our said ordinance of tlie twelfth of tlie present month, by Cape Cormorans as far as the heij,dit of land, in which extent will be comprised the River Moisy, the Lake of the Kichestigaux, the Lake of the Naskapis, and other rivers and lakes which discharge therein. We ordain that the said M. Pierre Carlier, his successors, fanners of the western domain, their attorneys, deputies and overseers, continue to carry on alone, to the exclusion of all others, the trade, hunting and fishing, in the whole extent of the country, included within the limits above designated. We forbid all persons of whatever (luality and condition, as well merchants as habitans of the colony, captains and masters of fishing-boats, bateaux aud vessels, the men employed to manage them and passengers, and all others whomsoever, even foreign Savages who do not reside in the lands of the 10 domain, to° trade, hunt, fish, or carry on any coiumerce under any pretext whatever, directly or indirectly, whether by themselves or' by .sending in meichandise, victuals, liciuors and annnunition, through friendly Savages, in any part of the country designated byoin- present ordinance, and generally in any rivers or lakes of which the waters How through tlic Saguenay River, and the River MoLsy, though tliey may not be specially named in o\h- said ordinance; to treat the Savages who live in the same extent of country, or to draw them away inany manner, or even to ap|n-oach within ten leagues of the limits above drawn in the lands, for the purpose of trading with the Savages or other establish- ments without the express peiinission in writing of the said Carlier, the farmers his successors, their attorney.s, deputies, and overseers, on the pain of the conHseation of the arms, products of the hunt merchandise for trading, furs and other objects obt^iined in trade, canoes, largo boats, banpies, Hshing 20 boats, bateaux, and other vessels of whatever kind, ami a fine of two thousand livres, which can neither be remitted nor lessened under any pr.jtext, of which confiscation and fine two-thirds arc to belong to the said Carlier, and the other third to the informers. We permit the said Carlier, the farmers his successors, their attorneys, deputies and overseers, to send into the said posts dependent on the domain, to guard its limits, and to prevent trading which might be made to the prejudice of the above prohibition, such persons and by such roads, as they shall judge proper, but they are to be charged not to pass beyond the limits assigned by our present ordi- nance, without having previously obtained permission from us in writing, on pain of all the costs, damages, and interests payable to those to whom it belongs. We also jiermit the said Carlier, his successors, their attorneys, deputies and overseers, to seize 30 and hold all the canoes which shall be found within the extent of the said domain laden with merchandise, provisions, liquors, and ammunition suitable for trade, or furs and negotiable effects, which shall be found hidden or not hidden in the country dependent on the said domain, to whomsoever they may belong ; as also to seize and hold all vessels whatever which shall be found trading, or to have traded, wiUi the Savages, within the extent of the said domain, and to jiroceed before us, with the confiscation of the articles seized, upon the })roces verbaux of the s.-dd attorneys and overseers duly affirmed. And our present ordinance shall be read, published and posted up wherever need be. We order, fcc. Done in our house, at Quebec, the 23rd May, 1733. HOCQUART. DESCRIPTION IN THE COMMISSION OF THE INTENDANT BlGOT, 1748. Thelntondaut The Commissio,! of M. Bigot, January 1st, 1748, makes him Intendant of Justice, Police, B'K"''". . Finances and Marine, in " our country of Canada, Louisiana, and in all the lands and islands dependent ut January, qjj jTgT;y- France." 1748. r part of the rivor, the j)icst;nt month, ,ho River Moisy, tho 2h discharge therein. istcrn (lonmiii, their ill others, tho trade, above desiij;natc(l. I as habitiuis of the ^cd to iiiaiiiif,'e them 3 ill the lands of thi,' 10 hatever, directly or < and ammunition, inance, and generally id the River Moisy, iL'es who live in tho within ten leagues es or other establish- his sueeessors, their roducts of the hunt oats, hanines, tishini,' 20 3S, whieh can neither lirds are to belong to bies and overseers, to event trading which 1 roads, as they shall by our present ordi- laiii of all the costs. id overseers, to seize 30 domain laden witli Totiable effects, which , to whomsoever they I trading, or to have I before us, with the ) and overseers duly leed be. 40 HOCQUART. IGOT, 1748. it of Justice, Police, and islands dependent 667 GRANT OF THE POST A LA CARPE-GOVERNOR LA JONQUlf^RE TO SfFUR SIMBLIN, 175L (Copy obtained from the archives of the Department of the Marine and Colonies, Paris ) Z^Z^r '^ •^•'''^"'^^''^^- ^^'"'^'" '•'^"^"^^ S«- S'Mni'I^. ENSIGN OF THE TUOOPS IN CANADA TO coNsraucT at ins owx kxpknsk at La., a la Caupe, a Fout, a House and a STouKuotsE tVm SIX ":r '' '""'"" ™"'' "'' '"'"'^ '' "^^'^^ '' ^'^^^^«'- ^-^•'^-«- DUUINO ™e TEUM o" 27th February, 1751. 10 troonfoT H '''','''""°H T,^"'^^ ^'' ^'"^ '"''^''''''-^ "" "^ ^^^ *''« S""' ^^ ^""Win, second ensign in the n?:onta dtT^^^^ ''''''''' ^° ''' ^'''^^ ^'--" ^^'^ "^^^-tion to%he r^! Zons^Sa et^^ T i 7 ''"V"^^ "'" "'''^ evidence, by the said plan, that the savage L Z^n "C '« ' Tr"' t "",""';" ^"' "' ^'" '''' '^"^'^- '^-^ «f -'-" -'rtain are yetlo contrc "withtle^^^ obliged to supply their nee.l at Hud.son's Bay, and there to carry o.f their Tot "nl in a n « ti : " " ^™^ ' "'^ "^ "" '''"" '^™" "^ '^' "^^ ™^'-k«d on the said plan nevei earned it on at Nepigon, nor ,n any otiier French post, that it would be very possible to cut all omnierce and connection of the .savages with the English in establishing a fort atV.akc^^^^^^^ of inv o^f ' " \ ", ^''" 7 '" "" J"'""^* "'^^"I"^^ ^'y '^' i^^--'>. nor comprised inZ lindl 20 avr.^ ha X Ctr:! t^^ f ;-;-■!- to refu.e the invitation which i chief of tlie ^ advnrr""'^'"! 'r, "^''' '''^l''^' that the said establi.shment could not but be, in every way very advantageous to the benefit of the King's service, to the interests and to the service of the'lorony • ' iaking into account the excellent evi.lence which has been give,- to us of the zeal the fidelitv th« experience, the ere it which the .said 8r. de Simblin has acpiii'd amongst tltev^^^^^^ ^Ln::nLFi:::h:^^^'''"^"^^^^^^"'^^^"^^^^'""-*' -^ ^^^ ^-^- ^"-^^ .:^rz::^ We, in virtue of the power whicli has been given to us by tho King, have received and receive thp expense , and n consequence have appointed, and appoint him, under the good pleasure of His Maiestv a..theexr-^t^i:^^h:i;;:^^^^^^^^^ On Condition: finish,.,] • t' ..+ I, -ii \ ^ • " ' *" ^"y com[)ensati()n when the said six years are finished, t at h will no carry on any trade except with the nations which shall go to tlie .s^id polt ^pringZ ;?: r^:^^^^^^^^^^ ^r--^ --house, to be constructed in the I'scoinmand, the me cC'isl nLst^^ and until the end of Joint ArruNDix. French Offirial Ihiirrii>tiun$ llf ll'iuiul- (irita. Grant of th(> 1'ii.st Lao a !• Cuipo, 1751. 40 whereof, etc. Dene at Quebec, etc. 83 La JoNQUlilRB. XT. Inbicial |3r0ffrMu9s inbolbin0 t^t ^ufstion of Ihc f ouniritrirs. THE CASE OF CHARLES DE REINHARU 1818 • ChifjUT ^' ^n "'''['17'r '"'^ ^" "'" ^'■'*"'=^ "f Q""'^^" '^ tho 18th day of May. 1818 before Hon John est:. T r'' •^"^"'=%^"-"' "°'^^ *'^ '^"^'"'^'^>' ^' ^ «?--' ^--»-^-. i-ed C "a 'under lie tti^^^^^^^^^^ ""[^^T' ^^"f*^^' "''^^''^ ^^'^ ^P"!' !«'«. -'<• -^^ho'''-^' -eh tht place wa stuate ,n h. . ?.'''^V '. "'"'"'" '°""''"''' '^^ ^^''^ ^''"^■^' ^ ^'^ '^--"P^-" "-^ Lowe cLrLl f n ^7^ ^"■"^°'^'' "" P^""*' °^ ^"^'"'''^ ""^ ^•^^1"'^ ^he linuts of Upper or The Evidence. withThl^'lZf nV'T?''°'""r^ 7 ?,'"'"'^'^''" = ^ ^"^ «^q"ainted, according to the map which I have here. Tliv.f I'-^ '^"''''' W«.-When you speak of the junction of the Ohio River with the Mississinm River, do you mean where the Ohio River empties itself into the banks of the Mississippi 7 ^^ 20 Mr. ^^ax—That is the understanding, and the statute provides also- ^«o™.2/-(?e«era^.-That is to say, the west end of Lake Superior ? thU ZT'""""'-^''" ^"^ ''°°'""'«" "' ■"■"»■ "«' ^»" "» »P'«" i» "Tench to the j„^, ♦»r by this „ap,or *9-45',.„d longitude M'l:., tfrl oZwlh 1 tll'iv' rw ' " •" CAw/ /ttsf the boiiiidarics. The I)e Rein- liard case, 181«: Tho evidence. • From the Report in the '^anadianP^hleteer," vol. 5. (J«(» tlorwr ArmNiiix. Hec. XI. Jiiitidiil of thr ll'iumlnrin. TliM !)«K..iii. 181H: The evidence, iH/-..S(M;._It is not always; it may be north by east, or north by wost. or north-north-wost or :;i::''ir;:,;::i:r """"""- ^ •'"- -"■ "-» " »■•» "- - ^^'- '■■ "■» »'"' h- «"-' ...t ™';\ur„'„';:l;:''''' ' ""'■""■ *"' ""'"'"' """^ ■ ''™" '"""""^ ' ' ■-""■■'»•. " «■■ ■ -«•■' ^»,,„,„.&«r,rf._WI,„t i, to provct you tolina il ,!„„ „„,ll, , If you 1,„,| „ li,„. ,„ ,„„ ,„„„ S'li:: ,' iiT''*'*''™'';'''' '""-'""■■«"- «'-« "■« »-- "^ ti,.. ,;,,::., wouui you call that diawing a northern lino. Mr. Saar.-Unaoubteclly it would be a northern line, but not a due north line. AttorneyGencral.~\\oxx\<\ it not ? Could it be east or west ? v«f f''' h"'"'"/^ "'JKl't. acc.nling to circu.n.stances, be a north-eastwar.i or north-westwnrdly line and yet a northern l.nc. that .s a lino having a northward course, or drawing nearer to the no th pi as U progressed, though not an astronomical north lino. ^ Attorney-General— U not a north line a line northward ? Mr. S«;c.-Certainly, a lino running duo north is undoubtedly a northward line. Attorncy.General.-Xni a lino due north-west .vard you would call a north-westward line ? rnn f " ^''^■~^^'^'''''}^ ^ « ""« ^^^^ north-wost is a north-westward line, but a line for instance tint rua towards the north, notwithstanding it n.ay gain in its course ,no o northin.: t .rwe i^! o 20 easting, ,s not therefore necessarily a duo north lino, but is a northern or north wardlino " not a'norUHIn "'t ^T""~^ '''"^ '^" "°' comprehend the distinction ; to say that a northward line is no a north Imo, I confess appears to ,ne to approach the " reductio ad ahmrdnm." Suppose tha we had a compass here, and from a given point I draw a lino north-westward, that is to say f m natit It a point north-westward, would not that be a due north-west line ? ^' ^ f..n,. h" '^"•'•-^Vr','^' '/ '^'■^''" '^"' north-west, but if in drawing it vou gained northerly it would from the course of its deviation, be a lino north-ward, though not a north line ^' ^J!:Ly:^:^!^^ '^ ^^-^^^ ^^^^^^^-^ --' unquestionable bo north-if a line north- Mr. J^aUih-e de St. MeaL-Your honoMT will ohscrvo that he added "bat if it ,lnvi.t i ^ oo gain a little north, it would then be a northward line." ^"^ '" "' ^'^ ^"^ C/uV /ii.<;« ^^e.f.i/.-If a line is to be drawn from a given point of the compass sav from th« r^llTrl """'r"" *° ''' ''"'' ■^"'^'^ ' ''"^ ^""'^' -^ "^^ ^ '^- "--til lin app^rto me o bo a cont adiction to the plainest principle of common sense, and totally irreconcilable I wi 1 p^tl e srnrtrrorL'r "^ ' '''''-'-' ^- '- -^' ^^- ^ '- ^-- ^•-^ ^ .^-n^Po^-Crth! il/?'. -Saa;.— Surveyors usually call lines running— in JiJ^'ff t!f! f7i\~J """ "°* "''^'"^ ^°" "^'^^ ■^"^^^y°'^ "«»^"^ ^'-'l-I -ant to know whether ve^rn noin of th" ""i "" "" t'" '^ "^" " ^ '^"'■^'^^''^' "^•''^^'- ^ '^^^ f-" ^1- -sto n western point of the compass, drawn northward, is. or is not a north line ? Just answer that question .in yos or no, and then you may explain that answer in any way you think proper. ^ ' ^" Mr. Sax.-Ii certainly must be. to a certain extent, a north line, but not a due north line Chief Justice Seivell.—Why not ? «nv ^^/"^-^;^"« '^'•f-" from any point, between two cardinal points of the compass direct to any ard.na point, is a due north or west line, as the case may be ; but a line may be o drwn7otwee: points as to be called by surveyors a northward or a southward line, as it n.ay chance to .'airin the course of running it, upon that point oi the comp.ss to which it is approaching ; 1 1 mightT;: inrtli-iiortli-wcHt, or iiorLli 2»)Io without u litul a nortliward ly, Lliuiiyh I iiii;L,'ht a lino to run from t rivur northward, 10 estwartlly line, and lie north polo a.s it ward line ? , for instance, that : than westing or 20 line. I northward line is Suppose that we iay, terminating at lortherly, it would —if a lino north- deviated so as to 30 )ass, say from the ippears to me to e. I will put the iven point north- to know whether lUi the eastern or 'er that question, 40 rth line. )mpass, direct to ) drawn between ance to gain, in i I might draw a 661 lin.. from a point north-wcstwardly. but gaining in a northerly .lirecti.m in its course, so that at its termination it would U- a line northward, from having more northing there than at the point from which it started. Chief Jmtice Sewdl.—Vi o\^\^i not a lino drawn from a westerly point, one half north and one half oast, bo a due north-east line, or nmst not liiu's ,l,awn from any point in one half the compass between east and we> be north, and, in the other half, a south line ? Mr. .S'.ix.-Certainly, while progressing north or south, but they might bo gaining cast or west. Chief Junfice &"W/.— Is it then ocpially true, that lines running east from points between north and south are due east linos ? 10 Mr. Sii.v — Yes, if progressing east. Alforiie!/-Geiicml.~i:\ivn tliey cannot be northward any more than north. ^f)•. S<(.<:—A\i identical lino from any point running a direct course east is undoubtedly an eastern line, but if inclining in its course half north and half east it is a north-east line. Chief Jadke Sewell.—Am 1 to understand you that one and the same line can be a northern and eastern line ? Mr. S viTlivm. west. Imnl oa« ike ihtki the most north-western point of the Lake of the Woods; Mis ^ij)i wwuld leave both the lake and Uiver VVianipic entirely Mr. Sax.— Yob ; thpy both > antl a lin'" drawn from there U) '' to the north-west <* ■'■ Alloruey-Generai. Ah>\ ^ * line * '^ drawn due vro»i ut the Americans contend it ought to bo, would the effect be the atmrni' Mr. Sax. — Yn* • lv*« drawn due west would leftvo the whole a( tht- River Winnipic to the north- The evidence !!! [Meliish's Map o| 'Aie VniteJ States produced ir, the Attorney-Ooncnil.] Attorney-General- Jl^ra you acquainted with the map which Mr. MelliMh has published, under the auspices of the Oovernuu'uJ iif lf(i F^nitetl States? Look at it, if > '>u please, and toll the T'ourt and 10 the yeiitlemen of the jury how it I113 lown the Portage des Hats or i .0 River Winnipic. Mr. Sax.— Tim map leaves it wliolly to the north-west, excepting perhaps a particular elbow, where the River runs into the Lake of the Woods. Attorney-General.— It must be so entirely, for if not, you do not draw your lino correctly after the statute ; it must be from the dead water of the lake you start, or you take your departure from a river. Mr. Sax, — It may be and actually is the proper point of departure, at tUo very point where the two join. And that is in conformity with the best charts or mai)s, both English and American. Attorney-General. — Will your Honour please to take that down ? Cross-examined by Mr. Valliere de St. liial. 20 Mr. Sax.— J have seen many charts and maps, and it is from them I derive my knowledge of the latitudes and longitudes of which I spoke. The maps of Jerterys and Bouchette, I believe, agree, and in thp" ■ maps ih>i western limit of the; old Province of Quebec runs from the junction of the Ohio and the Missi- jipi, M ving the Mississippi until its source, which is called Turtle Lake, in latitude 47° 38' n>rth, and longutude 94°, or more correctly, 95° west. ■* Mr. Vali: -e de St. RM.—Ot Greenwich ? Mr. Sax. — Yes, west from Greenwich. Mr. Justice Bowen. — What did you say was the latitude? Mr. Sax.— AT 38' north. Chief Justice Sewell.— Do I understand you right. Sir, when I take you to say that the head of the 30 Mississippi in Turtle Lake has about 47° 38' northern latitude, and about 95' western longitude, calcu- lating it from the meridian of Greenwich ? Mr. Sax. — Yck, that is about the latitude and longitude. Mr. Justice Bowen. — From whence does the lino go ? Mr. Valliere de St. Real. -Northward or due north, is it ? Attorney-General. — I beg ray learned friend will permit the Court to put their own questions as they thiuk proper. CMef Justice Sewell. — Yo\i are certainly right. The Court cm have no desire but thsk which is common to all parties — that of obtaining truly and correctly the facts of the case, and if Mr, ValU6te, the Court does not obtain thereby the information you think important to obtain, you can extract it 49 yourself. Our question does not deprive you of your right of cross-examination. How does the line run? Mr. Sax. — From the source 0. 'le TUvcr Mississippi it runs by a line due north to Hudson's Bay. It is thus drawn in Bouchette's .n&\\ leave the source (beginning) of the ■ , to the east. s+' : s in Jeffery's map at Turtle Lake — and consequently it will it the V'oods to the east of such a line, and the Dalles is also Mr. Vallikre de St. imagine ? Jlial.— Y with Mr. Sa-K. Attorney ■General— K(i>i\>Ki\ng these iuap.s— wliat nation J, Mr. Sax. — Jeffe vs is an English autli'>r or geoyntpher. Mr. ValUire de St. RM.—l wish that to bo taken down. Attorney-Oeneral.—\fhaT(s was Xnn lap published / Mr, Sax.— I do not know ; it does not mention on the map. Mb. Joseph Bouci, ktte, Jun., Sworn. ^' .tforys belong to f JOWT A PPM mi. ««oTxr. Juilieial fn.rrrilingi ini'ttfiifif/ tkr iinntion of 11, . BoUNilariti, Ttm I),, K»in. Iiird coia, J818 : 10givelt:;^;s^trUn7o?;pp^^^^ ^^'^"^^ Surveyor-General oUhis Province, and can Mr. Pourhette.-l am Deputy Surveyor-General of this Province. The w. stern limit of Upper Cana.l,-. .« a hno running — ^r^Z?ouc^e«^e^--It would leave tho whole of the River Winnipio to the nor. ,. and consequently out^of the hmits of the United States of America; it would leave tho head of the Mississippi to the Attorney. General.-Yes, but I want the Winnipic only ; and also tell us what w .uld be tho c ffect 30 ot a line drawn due west from the most north-western point of the Lake of the Woods ? Mr. Boicchette.-A line running from the most north-western point of the Lake .>f the Woods to any part of the River Mississippi will leave tho whole of the River Winnipic to the n, -h, and tho same thing will happen if a lino bo drawn duo west ; and consequently that river is withou. tho boundaries of tho United States of America. Attorney-General. ~l:iow, Sir, you say you know the Dalles ; Mr. iioucAc««.-According to Mr. Arrowsmith's map, they are four leagues to the north of Portage des Rata, and consequently not within tho United States. Chief Justice Seivell.—The Dalles, are they on the Winnipic ? Mr. Bouchette.-Yea ; to the north of the Lake of the Woods, and also of Portage des Rat.. Cross-examined by Mr. Stuart. Mr. Stuart. — What age are you, Sir ? Mr. Bouchette. — I am nineteen years old. Mr. Stuart.— 1 observe you have a map before you ; what map is it ? Mr. Bmchette.-Ii is the map lately published by my father, the Surveyor-General. Mr.StuuH.—l believe you never were at any of these places beyond Upper Canada or at ih. mouth of the Ohio, or ever out of Lower ( anada ; never I believe in the United SUtesT 40 ic«k 664 1 11 'f Joint AlM'KNllIX. Sec. XI. Juilieial Vriicntlingi inrolrivij the tjiitgUon of the ilouwlnriis, Tim I )e H.in- Imnl casu, IHIH; The evidence Mr. TioiuJiette. — I never was at tlio mouth of the River Ohio, nor at the Lake of the Woofls, nor at the ilivor Winnipic ; I have been out of Lower Canada, and in the United States, bnt not in that part. My .sole knowledge of tiie latitude.s and longitudes is derived from my father's map now before nie, and Mr. ArrowsniiUi's, published in 1795. Mr. Stu'trt.— You have spoken ot a line as being the boundary of Upper Canada. Does it appear upon your fa titer's map ? Mr. liouchette.—Thii green line upon the manuscript map before me prolonged from longitude 88° .")»' west and running due north, was copied from a map by Emanuel Bowen, in 177;"), at Londcm. It runs due north from the confluence of the rivers. In other maps the western limit of Upper Oinada is drawn as running from the mouth of the River Ohio in the Mississippi until its source in Turtle Lake. 10 Mr. Stuart. — Here is a purple line, what does that show ? Mr. Bouchette. — That is principally for a heading to the map; it i.s, however, copied from some map, but I do not recollect of what geography. Mr. Stuart. — I observe another line, but I hardly know what colour to call it (though blue I believej as marking some boundary. Mr. Uouchctte. — It is a line denoting the boumhiry fixed by the Treaty of Utrecht, and is taken also from Emanuel Bowen, and there is also a line in the map taken from Bennett's, being the boundary of the Hudson's Bay territory. Mr. Stuart. — I imagine. Sir, you know nothing of the correctness of any line under the Treaty of Utrecht. - 20 71/ r. Boucliette. — No, I have read the treaty, that is all. Mr. Stuart. — The same I presume, with re.spect to the Hudson's Bay territory ? Mr. Rouchclte. — Yes, certainly ; I never was there. Attorney-General. — I really do not see what we have to do with the Hudson's Bay territory or Mr. Bouehette's knowledge of it. Mr. Stuart. — It may probably appear very immaterial to my learned friend, the Attorney-General, but it is very material to us. [The map was here handed to the Court] . Mr. Junfice Bowen.— Yrom what geographer is the .south boundary of the Hudson's Bay taken ? Mr. Bouchctte. — From Emanuel Bowen. J^O Chief Justice Seivcll. — I thought, and you certainly did .say just now, that that line was copied from Bennett. Mr. Boiichette.—'No, Sir, the line from Bennett is the line running from St. Croix River to the high- lands, and thence along them. Chief Juntice Seivell. — Here is a line on 49° latitude. Mr. Bovchette. — That is from Emanuel Bowen also, and drawn by the Commissioners, under the Treaty of Utrecht, and the line coloured violet, is the southern limit of the territory of Hudson's Bay, according to Emanuel Bowen's map. \Vm. Bachelor Coltman, Esq., Sworn. Attorneij-Oeneral. — Are you. Sir, a magistrate for theJndian territories, as well as for this District 1 40 Mr. Coltman. — I am a magistrate for this District, and a Commissioner in the Indian territory. Mr. Justice Bowen. — Let the examination be in French, if you please.* Attorney-General. — Have you been in the Indian territory, and when ? Mr. Coltman. — I have been in the Indian territories ; I was there last year. Attorney-Oencral. — What do you consider the most north-west point of the Lake of the Woods f Mr. CoUm,an, — My mind Vieing occupied by the business of my mission, I did not make any parti- cular local observations, but I always understood, and I myself consider, the Portage des Rats to be the * Th:'-: was done, but it has beeu thought Bufficieut to print here the English translation. i of the Woods, nor es, but not in that er's map now before Ja, Does it appear i<:jod from longitude 177"), at London. It of U[ipcr Canada is urce in Turtle Lake. 10 ■, copied from some hough blue I believe) cht, and is taken also ing the boundary of under the Treaty of 20 30 Bay territory or Mr. he Attorney-General, idson's Bay taken ? line was copied from oix River to the high- nissioncrs, under the ,ory of Hudson's Bay, ill as for this District ? 40 Indian territory. iake of the Woods ? 1 not make any parti- wc des Rats to be the 665 vl«o)->iey.G^e?ifra?.— You have, nodoubt a knowlnrlrro «f +1, t?- ur- •• ,. Sec. xr. the Lake of the Woods or into it ? knowledge of the R.ver Wmnip.c. Does it run out of Ju,,,aai ' J'roecedingi Wi„„1p;/°""""-" " "™ """ '"• ""•" ^^"-P- ™- <>-' " "■• L»l.- of U.C Wood,, .„,! into I,.k. »'"- Atlorney-General.—mmt is the distance between them ? Tho nTReia- tr n 1, - hiird caae, .fl/v. Co;^?na«.— I cannot say exactly. l»18: Atton^ey.General.-.mt exactly ; but how many leagues do you think ; twenty or thirty f Mr Coltman.-l think about one hundred leagues ; probably f.-on. eighty to a hundred leagues AUorney.General.~What is the general course of the River Winnipic ? il/r. Co/ fi„. ., ^i i ,• L^e o.,.o Woo. .0 .« „,.,,„„ „„, ,„: u::;;roV';,:jK- :'r„;:-:: :;;rs:r ^of Cldef Justice Seiuell.-Sxxch a line must necessarily run due south. Attorney-General-Bo you know a place called the Dalles ? Mr. CoUman.~l do know a place called the Dalles : I passed it twice. Chief Justice SeiueU.-Aro the Dalles upon the River Winnipic ? Mr. Coltman.~The spot called the Dalles is part of that river. Attorney-General.-Ai what distance are the Dalles from the Portage des Rats 3 AttorncyGcneral.-At what rate. Sir. do you generally travel in the canoes ? Chief-Justice Seivell.-Then it is perhaps about 'ourteen miles ? ^ Portf^I^St:--' '''''' "'^' ^^ •""'•^ ^ ^ ^^'""^^ ^-»"^- ^^ *° ^° ^^-t five or six leagues from "40 Mr. Justice Eowen.-To the north, Sir, of Portage des Rats and Lac des Bois ^ 84 . 30 666 Jilv. Stuart.— I object to tliat question hcing put, for, if answered, it could not be made evidence. The place must liavo a nanio, nnd muit lie i-lentifio'l before any question can be put relative to anything whatever that may be supposed to have occurred there. C/iii'f Justice ScurlL— It enn be a matter of no consiouence to put the question ; we know enough '/T'""'"" ^^ ^^^^ ^^'^^ *^o '^"°"' *'>''* 'f f'o murder was coinmittod at all, it was committed at the Dalles, or very Jioiunhria. near to them ; but you must first e.stab]i:ih the fact. Joint Appeniiix, Jwlicid! I'rocmlinga invvlriivj Tho T)c< Rein- hard case, 1818: The evidence. Attorney-General — For the jiresent I have done with Mr. Coltman, reserving to myself the right hereafter, should it be necessary, to examine Mr. Coltman again. C/( xef Justice Seivell.—Ccrtnm]y, .Mr. Attorney-General. Cross-examined by Mr. Stuart. jq Ml'. Stuart.— You Bipcixli, I think yo\i have said, Mr. Toltman, about the boundaries, and other places you have mentioned in your examination in chief, only from belief ? Mr. Coltman. — I speak about the lines and other places, only from belief. Chief Justice Seivcll.—Bnt from having been there also .' Mr. Stuart.— Yes, your Honour, but Mr. Coltman adds to his having been there, from belief only. Will you give your former answer to the jury, in French, Sir ? Mr. Coltman.— I speak only according to my belief, being generally engaged in reading whilst travelling in those parts, and I had not au oi^portunity of making particular observations in the localities of tho River Winnipic. Mr. Stuart.— Am I to unn ; we know enough it the Dalles, or very ■ to myself the right 10 oundaries, and other lere, from belief only. id in reading whilst ,tions in the localities n you say that the 20 e founded upon this ssed it I saw nothing ■ hence the boundary reaty of 1783. le, whether before or I was in the upper e Woods. curately to ascertain 30 in passing accidental or remarks made in sr Mr. Coltman made ye in such a manner ative — they did not. [r. Coltman's answer 40 of Upper Canada ? • I of Upper Canada ie to which this cftn 1 fact, and therefore #■ C67 Chief Justice SeiceU.-A\l that Mr. Stuart has obtained is the naked fart tlv.f T,' f xvn- • ''f'"''",- according to jreneral renute in TTnnc,. f '„r,„ i nn .i. """"-"' "* ^"° naKeu tact that I'ort Wilham w, Proceeding, ^.^^'^ot.^r.^:^^^'^^^"'- ^^'-^'^--y-wbat use he may propose to make of Tp,^ ^. ^..t-Donot writs issue in the Western District of Upper Canada on that presumption . ^'^I Mr. Col 7nau.-The Chief Justice of Upper Canada told me- i'^[^.^"«' ^^ SolicUor.General.--Y on must not tell us that, Mr. Coltman Mr. CoUman.~I do not recollect that I did ; I do not think .1 did. Chief Justice Seivell.-U it worth while to take that ? " ' examt f JZnTh! diLL"' """""' ' '"^'^ '°°^ '''''' ^^^ ^"^^-^ ^^ P^^"^ ' -^ propose to T.^. evidenc. 20 Samuel Gale, Esq., Sworn. J ttorney.General.-Yon have been in the Indian territory, I believe. Sir ? Mr. Gale.— I was in the Indian territory last summer. Attorney.General.-Bid you go down the River Winnipic ? Winnf;;f ^'^•~'^"' ' ^'^'^^ '°^" '""^ ""'-- ^^--P^^' ^-- the Lake of the Woods, to within Lake Attorney-General.-T,o you know the Portage des Eats ? Mr. Gale.— I do know Portage des Rats SO^orthiest'""""'' '""" ^°"»»"« ''- "^'^ '° ^>^' Wi„„ipi„ i, .be aa„,e « brfore, „oHh o( Chief Jmtiee Stwtt-Nortli, tending a Jittlo west. Sir. Oale.-Ye, ; nevertheless, less to the west than to the north ^Ko™ey.ff«,«mi,_Then the whole is north , i, it not ' uw!.e.it„unotsa;e':::ri::°iiL'ts"'::riir''' " *° "'° --'^ -^ -■"-«•»'. ^ut, a,. *0sep.^SL";rii7vt:rupSc3tir' """ "° """t""'' ■*»*• """»^'»" "» '■- «< '"'^^ "^ "^PP*^^ Canada, by maps or any other way ? Mr Gale.-I have never seen a map in which they were correctly delineated, according to my idea Aton,ey.General.-By the Treaty of Utrecht, was not the boundary established 1 " ' the i^sS^B^; ':z:::i::^::r%f^^^^^ -- -y ^--^^y ^.d as to the purpose of a,scertaining. I do not know tW anv ifiTl '" , '^^^^^'•^'^"""«' that treaty for Hudson's Bay and Canada in purrance of th. T ^ I tt? ^ ^''"" ^"^"'^^" *''" ''"-^'^''^'^ "^ boundary line ^ ' ^"'^^^ °^ ^^'"'^'^''t' *^^ ^hat treaty did not describe a Appendix. Sec. XI. Judicial Pri.eecdimjs involvinfj the qmaiion oj the ioundarict. The De Kein- h^i(i case, 1818; A'gumont of Counsel — Mr. Stuart. Cross-examined by Mr. Stuart soutifet f:z:^:S:i^::^a!:^:r ^^"'"^^ ''-' -^ ''-' -' ''- ^^-^ ^^^-^^'^^ ^^ - ^ -- at Poft';.f it^Lrir n' ? ° "1 1'-7 r^"'^^ ^^''■•^ '* commences. I considered that I entered it ll two Sfore ° "^ '^"^^ '"^ P"^ ^^ ™°" ^°"'^' = ^"^ i^ '-3^ P-'l-P« begin a mile Mr. Stuart.~Wm you undertake to say positively, one way or the other ' coursf ■ m/ti.7id'To'^ ""V' p '" l". ^f'r' ^"' ' "^" "''"^''^^ ^''y I tl^'"k I am correct as to its mevidence^'^n I'lci^t ofH ^ ^P-;;^. ^'.--^h.] I had a small compass before me, and I observed that the geneul course of the R.ver Wmn.p.c :s, as I have said, for a short distance, more north than afterwards. 10 C/uef Justice Seu-ell.-Fov what distance. Sir. does its progress preserve the more northerly course ? thp ri ^''^'•-^^■^^P-^ '',^°"t ten or twelve leagues from the Portage des Rats. The whole course of ts d cr.i:::t:iLrt' T T-T ^'^ '^^ ^^ ^^^-^^^ '^^^ ^'^ commencement at the n Tak to Its discharging itself into the other, the course of the river would certainly be more north than any other The Argumknt. [The following was the argument on the point on a subsequent day :]_ Mr. Stuart.~Jn excepting to the jurisdiction of the Court, I beg leave to remark that the excen tion .s made as an exception by the counsel of the prisoner on y. Our opposiZ does no ar se fr m a7c:rerf:nhT *° ''' '''T '' t- ^-^^^ -^^''-^^^'^ '^^'-^ ''^^ ^° RoUrrd is licen but ;^ o faZSa, il t's^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ """ ''"' ^•^'^" °^ technical objections, wher^ the hfe 20 tain no W f t ' V] 1 '\"'^ °^ ^''' '=°""^'^' '' ^'^^ themselves ; and, although they enter- rero". and ;t vl'^rr : °' ''', P™^^'^° '''' ^'"^y which, as his legal advisers. weLve to no, i H ;r , ^? ? distressing duty it is, we feel oui^elves compelled to neglect nothin. that by sUn etrion f r^""; ; -^*'^-^f-« --P^ ^« the jurisdiction of'the CourtrandasI m and a ten on r.h ^^^^/f 7^,' '^ "" '"'^""' '""'^ "'^'^ ">^' ^^^ '"^ bestowed co;siderabIe time and attention to the subject, I shall trouble the Court very shortly i;. ..i.enin- as I sh-,11 have «n halTl'lliT" r'T^T "r ""T ''' -P'y tothecJwnofficL. ^rfi^fo j i^ 0^1 «.i ; 'r ' "• "^'' "" '^'"'^'^ ^''^'•g'-'^ ^" ^^« indictment, if committed at all, was no committed in the Indian territory as alleged, but in His Majesty's Province of Upper Canada. io«l „^t''{-^"'""'' ^''f-^^^'^^ y°" «t-y one moment. If I understand you correctly, it is a geo^^aph- ,o ..Pnf^'l f ""'''-^^^^^ '^ ™y proposition, and in support of it, I proceed to remark that the first enact- ment relative to the management of this portion of His Majesty's Dominions took place in 1763 It s in 17'", 1 itr, r ''' T''^' "' ''"^ P°^""" '' N«^^^^ ^^--i- by the Brifish arms ok p ac L . af 'm ' ™" *''* ^""'"' '" '^''' "°*'""^' ^^'^ ^'-« t° P--de a government f^r o o r gu.ate, thi.s conquered country. In that year (17G3) a Province called Quebec was created by Pro' un eitiT" /. r,?';r "' "'" '::"''°^^' -^-^^'-t-ding the Proclamation of 1763. remained n a very unsettled .state till the year 1783, when the whole of the countrv called Canada was cededl t le S urr r' ••f^"'^^— ion ever since. According to the most respectable historians we 40 contend that the portion of country thus ceded was exceedingly extensive, going, agreeably to «;! writers, as far as the River Ohio. The pretensions of the French, as we ga her tm histoiy can ed hem into counries distant, remote, and. in fact, unconnected altogether w^th the Province c'r;eTL 1763. Ihe people of Montreal and Quebec, we shall show, had long traded in those wilds which ar«' now so fancifully called die Hudson's Bay Territory, and from which.'after an unift iru^ d en^^^^^^^^^ of traffic for ages by the Irench traders, it is now sought to exclude enterprise and competition It must be apparent to every one, that after the conquest, this immense tract of countr^ equLd a governn.ent adapted to the change which had taken pla.o in its circumstance, by bccominJaXviace Its remote situation from the parent state, rendered it impossible, as well as unad- of another nation. 66d inmpic IS in a more •ed that I entered it lerhaps begin a mile am correct as to its observed that the th than afterwards. 10 •e northerly course ? ^he whole course of i at the one lake to )rth than any other rk, that the excep- ioes not arise from 1 innocent ; but wq ons, where the life 20 though they enter- Ivisers, we have to it nothing that, by e Court ; and as I owed considerable as I shall have an t objection I shall ted at all, was not Canada. ', it is a geograph- gQ } Indian territory, at the first enact- .ce in 1763. It is 'i arms took place 3rnment for, or co created by Pro- mained in a very was ceded to the lie historians, wo 40 greeably to some Q history, carried ovince created in I wilds which are upted enjoyment competition. It untry required a ming a Province as well as unad- JoiNT Appendix. .Sec. XI. Judicial I'rocccilingt invoh'inij the qneition of the JJoiiU'laries, The Do Rein hard case, 1818; visable.'to legislate hastily for its necessities, but the Parliament proceeded to provide what it stood most in need of. Accordingly, by the 14th of tlie King, the Province of Quebec was enlarged. And iiero let me rcniark that a great deal of the nii.sapproheiision which exists on tlio subject, arises from con- founding the Provinco of Quebec as thus erected and enlarged, with what, under the French regime, was denoniinated Canada. This Act merely provided a government for a {lortion of tlie oonqiured country, as will immediately appear on referring to history. Adverting to the 14tli of the King, the Act of 1774, it will be seen that tlie country, erected ai.d enlarged thereby into tlie Province of Quebec, was not commensurate to tiie country known by the name of Canada as a French colonv, and recoo-- nized as such by the Freneii and British gyvennuents. The object of this legislative provision was to 10 provide a government for that portion of His Majesty's Province whose necessities required it. It was to establish a temporary goveriunent for a portion of an immense continent lar^jr than England herself that this Act of tlie British Parliament |>rovided. As settlers pu.shed tliemselves into the settlements of Upper Canada, as civilization extended its stride, it became nece.ssary to adopt a government for the whole, and the intervalfrom 1774 to 17!)1 afforded time to maturely form a suitable government for the immense territory known as Old Canada. Chief Justice SeiccU. — You are making a small mistake ; it was not to provide a government for Old Canada that Mie Act of 1701 provided, but for the new Province of Quebec. Mr. Stuart. — I know the Act of 1791 mentions the Province of Quebcr, and it speaks also of Canada. The Proclamation issued in consequence of this Act, I contend, must be construed liberally. 20 It must be looked at, not as a deed of propert3% in which only a minute survey can be taken ; we must not look at it like lawyers, in our study ; we nuist not contemplate it as the act of .m attorney sur- rounded by his musty papers and parchments ; but we must view it as the Act of great and enlio-htened Argument of statesmen legislating for the jiopulation of an immense and distant territory, with whose wants they stu."rt.~ '" were acquainted, and whose affections they were desirous of securing by liberal and magnanimous policy. But even looking into this Proclamation strictly and minutely, we shall iind this country, where it is alleged the offence was committed, to be strictly and minutely the Province of Upper Canada, agreeably to the Act of 1791, upon which the Proclamation was groundeil. This Act, in pro- viding for the more suitable government of the Province, created by the former one of 1774, divided it into two parts, and we think, even in a strict construction of the provisions of that statute, and the SO Proclamation issued in conseiiuence of it, that, if this offence had been connnitted at all, it had been committed in the Province of Upper Canada, and consequently beyond the jurisdiction of this Court But let us look into this Ace and Proclamation with a broad, liberal and enlarged disposition, and we must arrive at the same conclusion, that, agreeably to this Act, this country must form a part oi the Province of Ujiper Canada. I am well aware that in the preamble to this Act, the Province of Quebec is adverted to, but the preambles of Acts of Parliament are never looked at as explainini' the desif^n of the Legislature, except doubt arises in the construction of the enacting clauses. It is almost super- fluous to remark that, for ascertaining tiie spirit of an Act of Parliament, we must refer to its enacting clauses ; if they are clear, there is no necessity for reference to the preamble, wliich is but an introduc- tion — a sort of preface, .setting forth the necessity for legislative provision on the subject of the Act, 40 but not making the provision. On the other hand, I freely admit, if the words of the Act are uncertain, if different constructions may be put on the enacting sections, then we ought to go back to the pre- amble for the intention of the Legislature ; but that should never be done except doubt and uncertainty prevail in the body of the Act. Adopting this sound principle, let us take up the Act we are at this moment considering, and we shall find it so clear that misunderstanding cannot exist for a moment. _ In the Proclamation issued in consequence of the 31st of the King, cap. 31, we find the boundaries of His Majesty's Province of Ujijier Canada thus set forth : After a shorf introduction, statin"^ that His Majesty had thought fit, by and with the advice of His Privy Council, by an Order of Council, to divide his Province of Quebec into two distinct provinces, to be called the Province of Upper Canada, -.nd the Province of Lower Canada, by separating the said line of Provinces according to the followinf' line of 50 division, viz. : " To commence at a stone boundary on the north bank ol Lake St. Francl.s, at the covo west of Point au Bodet, in the limit between the Township of Lancaster and the seigneurie of New Joint 670 iiivolvhuj the r/iicsiion of the liuuntlurica The Do Kfin Hftrd case. 181S : Argument of t'ouiisel — ilr, Stuart. Ar,.ENDi.x. ^°"S:"enil, runnin- along tlie saij limit in thn rH,.„„f . Serrxx. ,7""'-^ -.^.'" "f the s.^, .sei.ncn.rio f C Lo :." ", ""''''' ^''^^^-^-^ ^'"^-os West, to tl.o west- .eso,gnou.u,of ^^n^^^^nU, running nov^^t^^^T^ ?:''''''' ^''"^^ ^'"^ north-w.stem honndary of o ascn. tl,o sui.I Hvor into ti.e Lake Ton is^ „ ta , f ''":, T*' ""'" '^ '^^'•''^'^■'* "'« Ottawa, rfver d-e north, „ntil it .strikes the bonndarv linlo H? 1 ,'" '" "'" ''^'''' ""^ *'"^ '^'^'J ''^I^". ''J a line drawn -r and ..nthward of the said line to tl^ :t Lfs' Ttt^^r;,'"'''''"^' ^' '''' '^'^'-y'^ ^ - " by the name of Canada." ^•^'''"^ ^^ ^he country commonly called or known. Now, what was the utmost extpnt nf fi,„ Canada we an know. It is ti-attSl:; ^ ^retij •^M ''^ ''''' " ^"-" ^ th. name of the BntKsh Crown; it wa,s Canada, recognize tt- '""'"' '" ^^"^' '^"'>««'l°'l Anally in 1763 doenments entered into between Fran'ce and ^i!,: ; "';;V::c " 1 'T' ^"'' '''"^^' "'"-' '^ 111 •?'"■'• f '""''' ^"™ ^''^^ ^--'"co of Up, er inal . t ^'l ' " ^^''^'''y '^''^''''^^ '^ ^i.s royal Z r::'T'^ '° ^'^'-^ "°^^'^ ^"d ^-«t of those LonhW , '° '"'^P''''" "^ ^'"^ comparatively Canada. The Province of Quebec M'a,s quite another h"' T ''' ^""^^^''^^t^s the Province of Lower ^ng he boundaries of Upper Canada. If .a^ Id e %' "f T"''' "°' ^'''''' ^'^^ "'--^"t as desiZ of the new province, the course was sim.l an?;", "f. w . f *° '°'™ '^^ '"'''''' ^'"^^ ^•^. *'- Ss comnK.nly known as His Majesty's Prov nee ^f o2 '. f ,° '^^''' '"'^^- ^'^"^ "^'""'^t «^tent of courv a d n. .sh.uh, im.,ediately have known he tin t u/"p' '" r"^"'"^'°" ^^''^'^ *'- ^^^ of 1774 not the intention, but that in.stead of the then P ^r^^' ^^"^'^''' ^"^ ^^ '' '""nifc.st that such wnt' It was intended, as clearly expre se d . uTv 7'"" '^ ^''^''°^' ^' <^«tablished by the Act of 77. ^::c: ir '^^' ^'^^^'^^^ - eSi;:^ : S:^::ri;rr '^ ^^"^^^^"""- '^ ^isi:7'; territory to the westward and soutliward , f fl i r , ^^'P'^'" ^'^^^''a was to include "all tZ nay be told that in the preamble of this Act L.\ fT ^ Canada." I am fully aware that I 30 Province of Quebec" i.s n.ade use of if, '^' Proclamation, tiie term "His Ma.^stv'^ guide here, we have a dear manifestation of fiJ . I '^- Adopting thi.s certain rule for m.r create two Provinces of Canad. ,nd in l J "?'^'"''°" °^' P'^-'i^'nent in the Act of 1791 ,•/ T certain direction, include " t^Ii n ell^^TI.''^ "T"^ °^ ''^ ^^^P^- '* ^-WeVt,!' t'3 1 ^^^ Quebec no • it s:l,all include " the utnfc^^t ^ X' 1' ""™"''^' '^^"^^'' "— '"^^ ^"f- Provbc «? ot 1 03 , of that immense territory which has nevlr ^"'''^\ "'^^^''"^ to Britain by the Treaty of Paris • and has, from the time of its dL^covery a Toul ^ "'^' "'''■^'^' ^''''^ «"n-eu/« ^7 -'^tinguished, and distinguishing privileges secured to them, by the munificent Act fl in- f7.\" ^"'" °^ '^^' ""'' '^'^' ^"'1 "'^^'^y>"" *'^° ^■iff--^'"'^^. i-^ i^ P"-i''l'^ ?-• a moment to imagine that the government of 1791 intended only to legislate for a part of Canada? Is it I would ask, reasonable to consider that the Minister of a great nation such as EnglaPd,-contemplatin. an extensive and valuable though distant territory, belonging alike by conquest and affection to th^e mother country, and entitled to protection in time of war from its superior strength, in time of peace from Its extensive and unequalled trade, entitled to receive and have secured to it the due administra- tiZ from' Vr.'r ilVT"''"''f '"J'^'r"' "^ ''''°'°"' frcedom,~is it, I ask, reasonable to suppose that from 1763 to 1701 , the great men who presided over the councils of Britain, intended at that period to propose a governnient for a part of Canada ? To suppose so is to suppose they were sleeping, at tlieir post. Can ,t, I ask, be imagined that a Minister could be found so regardless of nis dutv ,so Ignorant of the necessities, so insensible to the loyalty, of this country, or so negligent to the inteVests Argument of have no7?"' "l '? V^'' '".f"^,"" " ^'''^^'-' ^° ^ ^^'"'^ °f Canada ? We cannot suppose it ; they '™"^^"- have not so neglected us. They have given us a government, and a constitution, superior to a^y on Mr Stuart- l^^^^;^;;^^^^^^ a government suited to oui- necessities'anS ' fllel^^^^^^^ ""'-' °"^ «'^t- F^-'-<=«^ f-™ their tW "^ • ""T:T "' ■" '^'' '''''^'- ^ '''^' '^'''' ^' ''' f°'- '^ ^"°"'ent to be believed. peopi; Z'"""\7 7 ' t 'T"'"' '^ *'"^'^ "^^^"*^-^^^ ^'^•"= -'^fi-'^d t" -b' a part of a people the a ne blood, equally brave, loyal, and grateful, and equally standing in need of 30 and equally entitled to all, these privileges ? If any should be found disposed to support by a" ment a contra y opinion, they ought to be confident, before they make so helvy a charge as s iiwolved herein, that they can substantiate it beyond the power of contradiction. But there"is no oc sion to tTf 'I'b n? r Tr''' '"■ *'^ P'-l--tion is clear as the noon-day sun upon the sub It br 1 tl e 1 val' ani I ' \'" ^f'': ''''''' ^"^^ ^^'"^'^'''°' ''^"'^ ^ P™^"* OovernmenJlr th brave the loyal, and grateful population of an extensive tract of country, within certain latitu.les and h:t:t:f ,rS:?r^"- '" '-"'n/^ *'° ^^^^^^^^^'' -^--^'--^ '^^ ^-e drawn due noHh from the head of the Lake rem.scara.ng until it strikes the boundary of Hudson's Bay. to the utmost extent of havehrd^rT"" ^""r'"'""^"'^ ^'^'^ "^-^^^^ ^^"'^'^-" Whatthltcountrvconite "1 have had the honour of submitting to the Court, in the early part of the argument I have had the ToZ 1 " n ""f '' '■" ''""'• '" ^^'^°^"«^°"' ' '^-^-^^ - *'- 1-t or vielv of the si^j^ct ame V o tit ril T ?"'•;"'"" 1 *'' ^'' ""'■''''' ''''' "^y ^'---^^---t be meant Cana a ns kn ^n ^^£^:;s^^::' ' ''- ""'-^^ '-- '- --'''-' ^^ ^'^^ ^^ ^^^- committed:?:; to me Uiaulfs^t^^^^^^^^ that it appears Mr. Va„.„ It is^true that the boundaries were gi.en by this Act to the old Province of Qnob.n but tL=o bo' Hr- m "turtr""-" "Ti^' King's pleasure, and his will is clearly made "known by the 1 "S 1791. But the principal objection which my learned brethren, the counsel for the Crown, maket ou 872 Jotjrr Appendix. Sec. XT. Judicial Proeceilimji inviilvinij the question of Ihr Boundaries, The Do Rein- hnrd case. 1813: constniction of that Act is this, that in the proamblo or title to it, tho Province of Quebec is mentioned hut I was W..I nMn.rke.1 by my loarno.l brother Stm.rt. that tho preamble of an Aet is nothing, haft ,s hke tl.e preface ,.f a book, but that wo must look at the onactins clauses to discover its spiri" We know that .tH necessary in thopreamblcofono Act to recite tho title of tho oM Act which is amcn^cl, and it ,s perhaps to that circumstance that n,ay be ascribe,! the introduction of tho words. the Provmce of Quebec, in the Act of 1701. But that does not signify ; it is impossible to consider he irodamation ot theIung,orhis Order in Council, otherwise than as giving to tho Province of Upper Canada " All the country to the west of a line drawn .lue north, fVo„, tho hea.l of Lake Temis- canung to he boundary of ITudson's Bay, which was known as Canada." Let us look at the boundaries and we sha see that the boundary line between the Provinces is this, nan.elv. from "a stone 10 boundary on the north imnk of the Lake St. Francs, at the Cove West of Pointe an Bodot, in the liunt between the lownsh.p o Lancaster and the seignory of New Longueuil, running along tho said limit 1-o^r."i"' "' *''° •^"■''^^'«" f "«'-t'' thMty-four degrees We.t, to the westernn.ost angle of the s°,id sei-^nory of ^k^& tZJCT'f' V ?"^ m" ""'■^''■^-•^^-■" ^--J-T of the seignory of Vaudreuil, running north twenty -bye degrees East, until it strikes the Ottawas River, to ascend the .said river into Lake Temiscmung, and from the head ^-f tho same Lake by a line drawn due north until it strikes the boundary hue of Hudson s Bay,including all the territory to the westward and southward of the said line to the utmost extent of the country commonly called or known by the name of Canada." I be^r to remark that tlicse hunts are very well known, and also that they wero\velI known before th^ Proclama- tion. _ My learned brother, Stuart, has well explained the extent of these limits, and he has not taken 20 too wide a purview of them. The words of the Proclamation are very remarkable. After having, de- scribed the ines winch separated the Province of Upper Canada from tho Province of Lower Ca'nada ;t'\!, \'r' .('^ ^'^'•{ ^■•^■"''^'•k^We e.xpre.ssiou) ^' indudincj all the territory to the west and south of the said hue (the hne drawn due north from the head of Lake Temiscaming until it strikes he boundary of Hudson s Bay), " to the utmost extent of the country commonly called or kno, n by the name of Canada. Let us consider these words, "the utmost extent of the country commonly called or known by the irune of Cana.la." Tho wor.ls are not "of the, country commonly called or known , b> the nameo the Proymc. of Quebec;" no. not atall; but they say : "by the name of Canada" The m his History of the Indies, speaking of this country, vol. 8, book 17, page 238, says, " the year 1764 30 behold the rise o a new .system. Canada was dismembered of the coast of Labrador, which was added to ^exvfonndland; of Lake Champlain and the whole tract of land to the south of the 4-5° of latitude with which New \ork was augmento.l ; of the immen.se territory to the westward of Fort Colette and of Lake Nipiss.m, which wa.s left without a Government ; and the remainder, under the designation of the Province ot Quebec, was placed under one governor." The description which this respectable historian here gives ot the territory thus dismembered gives a correct idea of the country known as Canada. This new system, he say,s, gave a part of Canada to Newfoundland. New York was increa.sed by another part namely.the tract to the southward of the 4.5" of latitude. " The immense territory to the west of Fort Golette and of Lake iNipiss.m was left without any government," (and as my learned brother Stuart has well maintained. It IS this immense territory which the Proclamation of tho vear 1791 gave to 40 Upper Canada as being a part of the country called or known by the name of Canada) " whilst the re- mainder _ (to ^u^toiiho country known by the name of Canada) "was placed, under the designation of the Province of Quebec, under one governor." I have the honour to submit to your honours, that f1 %' 1 R "'t r! " ''r'Tf'''' °' ''''' ''"' '''^P^^'^'S tl-- wi-th.this description of the Abbe Raynal, of the territory left without any government, we shall find it to be the country which, by this Proclamation, it was proposed to make a part of Upper Canada, at the time when 1 was declared that the line .should be "drawn from the head of Lake Temiscaming due north until it strikes the boundary line of Hudson's Bay." and moreover, "including all the territory to he westward and southward of the said line to the utmost extent of the country commonly called or ■ known by the name of Canada." This territory was then known by the name of Canada, it is situated 50 to the westward of that line, and therefore it proves to be a part of Upper Canada. Again I be. the attention of the Court to the work of Mr. Pinkerton, a well-known EnL^lish <.eo..ranbpr TW,: d'^- iiobec is mentioned, n Act is notliing, discover its spirit, old Act which is ictioii of the wordsi ossiblo to consider to th(! Province of cad of Laiio Temis- int the boundaries ', from "a stone 10 iSodot, in tlic limit -long the said limit ho siiid seignory of 3iiil, running north river into Lake mtil it strikes the t^'wartl of the said Janada." I beg to Fore tl;- Proclama- ho has not taken 20 After having de- of Lower Canada to the west and f until it strikes lied or kno,,n by 'f commonly called called or known of Canada." The 'he A%be Raynal , "the year 1764.30 which was added I 4o° of latitude )rt Golette and of lesignation of tlie peotable historian IS Canada. This asod by another 3 the west of Fort '. brother Stuart ,r 1791 gave to 40 " whilst the re- he designation of ir honours, that ■tills description ) be the country [Janada, at the 'emiscaming due tlio territory to inonly called or ■ a, it is situated go -gain I beg the pher. This di.s- 678 Anticosti, in the east, to th L.ko,. \vL t H T 7" ^'T ^^""■•"' «^' '-^--k.. and Isl. of '^■"i:!!^- Lon,|on: .•^:<^ -hich Jn tl.at latiu.I , m ^ e^ o %":oo ''^ '->.. longitude 0.^ to 07' west from «- ^L Lak,. of Kri.. in . h. .south or latitude \:iZ>^,y ,: , t '[^^tf 'Illi to ''"• '"" '"""'''' ^'''^^ ^'-^ ^•— '"^' media, b,vadth is no. al.ove .„," So ia.: h^:^.: o 1^,:,:.? 'TT'"'' '"""^' '"'^ ^''" ^ -^ subsequent ol...ervatiou which he maloM .vluiv.. m f ^"'"-r'''M'l'"cal (,.Ktent of Canada; the '/'*', . supports the ar,.un..nt which we " v ' i ' h ^''^; '>'>"'"^' I'"P"lation of the country. stn.„,dy """"^'"■ «crii.ed by the^A,... n.yj, : "!;v:::':'3,^;,;;; ;7:^.;v'" ^ '"' ^'"-^'"'^ ''' -""^"^ '- -i- "■ ve,y country intonde.l by the Proclau.ation of IT) , r! i ve n "" "" """"" r""''''"''"'" '^ ^''" '""^ 10 Tipper Ca.iada. ''TluM.riginal population " Jv's VI.. P K"vernme„t and become a part of who.se na.n..sand n.anner.sniav IJ t in '^ , ' ^T"^ "^■'"^'^^^"' "^ — > -^age' tribes. the pn,gre.i V. discove.^, the H.t setXil t i!! ' giitj^ 1^ ' T' ""^' '^"^ '" ^°"^""^'^ ^^ that the French pos.sesse,l Canada they made mn^vV^ ., D'-rmg a century and a half en.l of the ,7th century, has given at ,,!" Zu T'^'T ""r'''^ '? ''''''' '"^'' '-^''°"*-- '" "- the River Missouri. Quebec being con, ^" . T V ,; i: 7- ^ ^ 'T "'' ''"' •^^'''"' «'"'«"-' ^^ ^^ the Treaty ol Paris, in I7(5.S." I t1.erefo,-e conH le t' I" ' ^^'^^ '"'"' '"''"'^ '" ^''''"^^ ^''^^'^'^^ W been discovered i,y the French, and d'eXd W iV 7 'T "'"^""' ^^"■"^'"^ -'''«'' '-^ Canada, became in reality a pat of Up e'ilrirt^h^ -the,, writer, under the nan.e of not torn, a part of the IndiaL territo / r^^T „ ' ^ -"!--;:'- "^ l^^. and consequently does 20RaynalandAlr.Pinkert.,na,reeintlJ "ec nlr *''"/"■'•'■;' "-t"'" "f this Court. The Abbfe southern boundary of Canada let us J! "Z^^^^ T "^ ^''^"^'''^> ^"'^ f^'" the A™„tof vnbnnenfi.;. "U.. _.., / . "'. 'f^''"" /""'^ '-it Jie Abbo Raynal's Work. This vv.-Jfe,. i„ .1.,, ....„_ ?"»n»^'l- southern boundary of Cana.hH^s ::;;::;T; Tui^T'^'V'"" '' ^''^"^'''^' ^'^ ^^ the A™„tof volumenf his..Histo..yoftheIndi;''C : a ; :t^:^3'^^^ '" ^"^ ^^ ^^'« "• " -i-"a is a vast country, ben.n.l ^Tr !: ^ ^^^^ ^' ^-"'^"'-■. ^^'i ^'-'^ -i., ^« «'• H^-^. pa^enn);-'.Louisiana is a vast countn^ n> 1 ""Z'ThT ^ '"'''' "'''""^^''"'^' ^'^^'^ ^'"'"'^ -'- Carolina, on the west by New Me.ico ^ ^'"'•'"''^ ^"'1 tend to Hudson's B,^. " It i« „ot V^l:n^^Z^^T^;T "."f ""^" 'i-"'^ ^^''■^'' ""^ - leagues." Here we .see that the northern li.nifnfr ^^'h precision, but its mo.lium breadth is 200 extend to Hu.l.sons Bay WUh Z ""' ""'"""" ''""•■^' -'-'> -ay the boundaries of Uppex Ca a la inc uc ie ,'"? " 7'' '"'""^ '""■ *^^'"^' ^'-'^ ^^"^ "« tha^ miderthenameofCamida " l.,:^^:;^^^^^^^ '^^ --^' and south known 30 country which bounds Louisiana to thru: ^ a Irrt^th' V, b"T'"°, ^° '"' '^^ ^^^ *>-^ form. ,n conformity with that Proclamation a nart of TT n *''V ';,^''-^'"'''' '""■^^' "' ^^'^^ "moment extends to the south as far as Lou.'kn a,;,' ; L'' '^";'' 'T '}' '^"-^'•>^ '™'" - ^'--da remains now for „s to consider the no t ien. ] ,i n ''" 7 '' '^'^ '^^^ "^ ^'^^.^^'i^"'!- There In the maps of New France " . isi:; 2 ' ":t.^ o?t"i{;: .'w^ ^^''^^'" "1 1 ^■""" '=^^''^'"^>^- northern boundary line is drawn in conformity wi 1 tW \ ^^'^^^^ "'"■P"' ^-^ '"cludod in it, and the we have submitted to the Court ToZZuT^^^^ *'"' """'^ °^ ^^""'"''^ ^^'"-h effect agrees with the limits of Can. da asTbev 1" '"^"'•P''"*'^^-" '^ '^ <^o™et one, and that it in liberty of praying the attentijl oH C^ ^ ZltTl ' ^ '"''"''' ^'•^^^"™^"^- ^ -'" ^^^ ^'- an Act of the Duke of Ventadour, dat .d in 0^ n w 1 T- ^ T' ""'''''"- '"'^''"•••^>'- ^^ i« f 40 vol. 2, pago n. „„,ler the title of "' Com .i ion ^f ( v '" *^' " ^''^^''^ '^"'^ Ordinances." 1625, by his Grace the Duke of VenUdo, V '""^"'"''^^"^ '» ^^^ F-"c<'. of the 15th Februar;. ^ CLunplain." This instruiue,, W ^ ';,^ :::; J':''7>' <^^ f --"^'X i" ^--r of the Sieur ,^ process in the 12th pa,n> to .lechu. n the ' ' "^, ^"'"•"•"^'^n obtained by him, and of France, of the extint^of thil t Zt-:ZJ^Z T''"' '" ^'"^ '"'^ ^^ ''' ^— "* that the territory wlu-eh the FreLbkiK^w as b-r^^^^^^^^ 1 '';; ""^'■""""^ "'^' ^"PP^^^ the position west of the line .so frequently numti.m din h^^^^^^^^^^^ ' T'" °' ^'■^""'^^^' *° *^« '^'^"^'^ '^"'l Proclamation of 1791. o make an a it w T '!, '? ^^'''^'' ^"""^ *° '" "'•'''''•-'' ^.V the King's Cana,la " as far as th utinos^ ;Ktl ofthl / ' r^ ^'^ ^ '" ''''^' P"''' "^ ^""^ i^'^-'"^^ o*' Upper , from it, that the most ext ^ ed owe s we itZn'to t, V" ^'f n. ''"^ ^^^' ^"^ ^^ '^^^'^^ P^^^- *50 also be maintained, did not at theZ'J^k^Z 1 U ! m ^'"?''""' ^^'^^^ "'>'^^'- '* «"«* i thorn, nor anv imnedi.aent to their IT^r 1 .t^ ''' *" ^''° '"'"'^^ ^'''^"^ ''''•a"°« h«"i ^^ -rnnt g. "' '" "''°'''^''^'''^^^^^^^^-.™ the part of any other nation. This Commissiaa. k tW .riiiNT Api'knihx. Srr. XI. Jitttn'iitf J'rtn'ffilillilll im'ttlrtttij thf 'jiimtion „i thf BuiitiitdriiH, Tlie Do Kciii hard cnHu, 1818: Ar ument of Ci-unwcl — Mr. Vallifcre (lu St. lU'al. G74 tii.st place, onliiin.s ami dopiiti's, " 'I'lie Siuiii' ilc Oiiainplaiii, our Lieiltuimnt, to n'pro.scnt our por-ion ill tlio ctiiiulry of Now Knuici', mil to tliiit oHijct, wd have ordon'il liim to ;io iinil itv-ido witli all IiIh pooplo at tl:t3 plact! cnlltil (^i|i.!l» c, liciii',' within tlio Kivcr St. Lawri'iico, otliiTwiso c/illi'il t!io j,i'fat river of Canada, in tliu said country of Now Fiaui'c." Now, wi« will look at tlit? powers which wi-re jjfrantcd by this (!oiinnission : "and in the said placo, ami in other places which the said Sieurde ('lianiplaiii may think tit, to causo to bo erected, and hiiilt, sncili forts and fortresses as may be wanted, ami ii<''essaiy to liim for the pri'servation of his pi'ople, whicii fort or forts he shall keep for us in his power, in order, at the said piari- (jf (.Quebec, and other places and stations within the e.xteat of oin' said power (vice-royalty), as nuicli and as far as may be, to establish, oxteml and make known the name, power and authority of His Majesty, ami in the [ireiuises to eonipit^r, subject, and brintf to obiMlienco all the j)i'ople of the said 10 Countiy, and of the cireunijacent countries, and by means thereof, anl'li»l>II. •Sue. XI. ■ticial fitvtnlingt '((■"* rntif I'i i)iii.atiun I thr Ji umlitriti. Till) Uu Kain- hard caou, IMH: /Vrifuiiicnt o( ('..liri»rl- •Mr. ViilliiSrB d« St. Ui>»l; i-e 5!»lt o [■articuhii he expression " no bmits have been nssj^rm.,! to it ; theivfore u.ay he sup po.sed to extend over tlie va.st re^i-Mis that spread towards the I'a.ilie and the Northern Oceans Th« separation between it and the United States is .so va.^^ue and ill-delined, and the proiiHc source of , so many disagreements between the two pown-s, that it lias ion- called for the revision which is now about to be portormed in fulli nt of the fourth and liflh artirjcs of tin' Tivaty of Peaw of 1«1.>." Here we 10 have the declaration of tiio Surveyor-General of this Province, that on the west and north-west no iimits have b..en assigned to the country called ( "ana-la. .Mr. Houchette speaks of the Proclamation of l/i)l, but this IS his opinion. In ca.s,,- there are no precise limits tixed, we must impiire how tho.se wiio were contemporaries, and who had a knowledge of the cimntry— how the geographers of tho.se days understood the matt,.r. J.et us look at the maps and we shall lind that tli.; whole of the lliver \Vinni|)ic IS delineated as belonging to (Janada. When Mr. iionchette, speaking of this country in his Topography, says that it has no limits n8.signed to it, and adds, " therefore it niav be siippo.sed to extend .."ver the' vast r(«gioiis that spread towards the Pacific and the Nortlievn Ocinuis," it is very certain, as it appears to me, that he alludes to the Proclamation of 171II, which bestows the whole country, to its utmost extent, commonly called or known by the name of Canada, upon the Province of Upper Canada. The Indian •20 Territories are to the north of a liiu' drawn as above, because the whole of the country to the south and to tlie west is within Upper Canada. The only point to consider seems to me to be this; that the Pro- clamation of I ;:)! did not give the boundary of the Province of Quebec for the limits of the two Pro- vinces, but, that, ill the actual words of the Proclamation tlie limits of Ujiper Canada extend on the one side from the head iect • of the Act, vi/„. that ..f.lividing the Province of Quebec, niu.st bo aban.loned, or give place to wliaf my learned friend caHs the broad an.l enlightened policy of provi.ling a g..ven,ii.eiit for the whole of His Maj.sty s dominions in North America. I again take up the Act, an.l looking at its title, I Hn.l it to be an Act t.. repeal .■ertain paits of an Act piussed in the 14th year of His Majesty's reign, entitled an Aet for making more eHectual provision for the government of the Province of Queb.c ir N..rth -JO America. What the Province of Qm-bec c.mprehen.le.l is as well known as the limits of this room-' Ihe ActoftlieUth of the King, com„u,idy .ailed the Quebec Act. .leHues them precisely, and how then di.l this Act of 1791 amen.l that of 1774 ? Why, His Maj.sty having been please.l to .i.rnifv by Me.s.sage to both Houses of Parliament his n.yal intention to divi.ie his Pn.vince of Quebec into \wo Provinces, it was enacted by this statute that it Hh.,ul.l be so .livi.led, and that two Provinces .should be created. If my learned friend's ..bservations are correct, then the 14th of the Kin.r amounts to nothing, because, though the Act ..f 17!)I is profes.sediy an A.'t to amen.l, not to repeal, the" Act of 1771 8till It IS indispensable to a correct interpretation of the Act to divide the Province of Quebec (accerd- ing to my learned friend's doctrine,) that you a.1.1 a very con.siderable territ..ry to it-a mo.le of division 1 confess I am not acjuaintcl with. The Act being to divide the Province of Quebec, I conten.l that 40 the limits of the two Provinces must be found in these which c.mstitute the Province out of which they were formed, and that whilst on the one hand they must be commen.surate to those limits so on the other hand they cannot exceed them ; that more cannot be inclu.led in the two than in the one Province land, that being the case, the Province of Upper Canada can consist only of that part of the former Province of Quebec which does not form the Province of Lower Canada. This proposition 1 con- sider so clear-that a Province, any more tlian anything else, cannot comprehend or contain more when divided mto two Provinces than it did when a whole-that I should ieel my,self very unju.stiHably taking up the time .)f the Court were I to pursue the argument further : If any other construction is to be given to the Act. then the I4tli ..f the King, defining the Province ..f Quebec, amounts to nothing and the Act o the 3l8t. mstea.l of being an Act to .livi.le, is in reality an Act to enhuge the Pn.vinee r.o of Quebec under the new title of Upi,c r and Lower Cana.la ^ SolirMr.r.Ocncml.—l conshJer the point ,.o extremely plaj... that it Ls not .nly wastir,- but limost :irtg, but almpst (177 1.^ any ,,oss, „i,ty, 1,.. con.funl to „....,„ tho a-hlitio,. tl.er.to of a va.l ,„h1 „1 ,t (am.r.li;. a. '""'^"'• extraor.iu.ary pmpc.t.on. ,ny loan.cl iVion.l, Stuart, contcu-ls that tho ..xpni i... i„ \u. .Lsi^uatio, .,f •'/t;:,;,,.,, wa« ... tlMs ,ua„nur hat Ih. . ,.,..,.,y „.t.u,le,l t., ,)ivi,lo tho I'rovh.ee of (iu.l.o Th. ...m.irv a,..l tU. 'if f on^ erujuu-y upon tl. .suhjcct appears to u. to I. one ex.v..H.ly easy of Vci.iou. It i. .si .pi \ ,h """-"'■ ^^ rlla l" *; °' ""'""" ""' '•■'""" "''''^'' '"''"^^'' the Legislature to pass the Zt for the n^,; i r'u ;r " • ^-V;'I-'f ^''-•"'-. -1.10. ms Maie,ty ha.l si«aiHe.l his royal iutcution of fouu,,.., 1,^ the ,l.v.s.oa oflus then Province of <^,.>l..e, na ly, " that the sai,| Act is. in n.auv rxp;:t;;:;:Tr ' " :: .T'^t' ^■""''- " ""' •■'—'-"- »^' ^'^ Han I'rovince. an,i tut it .l ^oHtv er ' T'''' f ^^ "7'"". 1'^"^'^'°" ■^'"•"''^ -- '- '-l« f- tl- Kooa Kovernu.ent un,! pros- ut that further ,,rov,s.on should he nuule for the j,.K„U.„vernnK.nt thereof ; of it, as it thus sto .1 • of tha rov.nee wh.eh ha.l by I'roclan.ation, been created in ITO.'J and wh„se liu.its have been extended (. what they then were by the Act ot the 1+th of th.. Kin;,, ennnnonly callcl tho (,)uebec Act Uy A-xum.nt of kanu,d friend nn.st most su.-ely be driven to the last state of despair, when he sets up a loose expre^- Vl^feor- 20 8ion .n a deciara ory Act which he well knows is the weakest of all Acts of the Crown in alfordin^ a ""'^■""• just frround or foun.iation for su h a,, opinion. I know that it is not to tho preau.ble of an Art of Farhament tha we general.y .nust look for a clear exposition of its objects ; but, whilst I ad.nit tho correctness of that position. I would als,, .ennnd n.y learned friend, that there is a wide ditferenco between the enacting and .leclaratory clau.M.s of a Statute, and that we ouj,d,t not t.. .set asnle tho obyn.us n>ean,ng, and oveKurn the avowed intention of an Act of I'arlian.ent because of a loose exprl^sslon in the declaratory clau.ve. I cannot think so meanly of the whole F.eneh nation as to sun- ro.se they ever chunu.d these terrifries and wildernesses, as belon,dny to or fornun,^ a part of ( 'anada As to he authontu.s n.y learned tri, nd who spoke .second has advanced, thev cannot,' n. a eourt of law gjj be sty.e.1 authorities. 1 have a very jrreat respect for the Abbe lUvnal. hnt his work is merely spe.-u- lat.y,. and pb. >sophical, and is no geographical authority upon a question of torrito.y ; the same roinark will apply to 1 .nkerto„,-we all esteem it as a very u.seful work, but it forn.s no geographical authority in a court. Upon the whole, I contend, with tho Attorney-General, that the forn.er I'rovince of Uuebec must be foun.l ui the Provinces of Upper and bower Canada, and that no more can be included in them' than what was contained in that Province ; for tho Act by which they were erect(-d int., Province, .vas nothing more but an Act to divide it into two parts thereafter to 'be .ItM/nate.l Upper au.l bower Caua.la. Again, the learned gentlemen say, that all t.. the south and west .,f this lino, fnuu Temiscaming Lake to Hu.lsons liay, must be esteemed Cana.la; wiiat then was tho use of this Act ..f the fortv-Hiird of the King? The Legislature, if my learned friends' arg.nnent was correct, were i.lly passin-r 'un A.a g^ that could have no object. Instea.l of Indian territories it is all Upper Canada, accordln.^ t., my learned friends statement. But i^ is a position completely untenable for a n.oment. Upper Cana.la exten.ls no farther south and west than the Province of Quebec di.l, any more than does Lower Canada to the north and east. In the two Provinces are now to be found that which before the separation conslituto.i the Province ol Quebec, an.l Upper Cana.la consists of that part, an.i of that part thereof only which is south and west of tho Province of Lower Cana.la. I refrain from enlarging, c.mlident that, in' tho view we take ot tho subject, we are correctly construing the intention of the Legislature, an.l that we shall have our own opinion strengthenetl and confirmed by your Ilououra' decisi.m. Mr.Stu.nrf.-l confess I l.,ok in vain for those grounds of confi.lence on which mv learned fri.nds Ar^nmentof rely. It supporting their opini.ms by confi.lent assertions entitle then, to expect' the resuir, they M^'^^ anticipate, they have certainly gone a good way towards ol,taining it ; but 1 look in vaiu for anythiier g^that can be called argument upon tho question that is ,.ow bef..re the Court, in the ob.servatioiis tha't have been submitted hy the ..tftcers .,f the Crown. If th.re was anything that .le.namied attention it was the remaik of my learned fiieaJ the Soi.cltor-Ciei.erai, on tlio Act ot the 43rd of the Kin.r • but .Toiirr Ari'KNiiix. S()c. XI. Jmiicinl J'rncrcilillijll iiirarn(!.l friend reforrod to tlio chart, he would iRMwive tliat niiio t.^nUis of the wl.ol., Indian ttMTitorios, a.'i-ordinLC to the d..sa-ii);i()n of them, lie iM.yond the l.oundary which wo claim as that ,!,riv(.n to Upper Ounada hy the Act .,f I7;ll. IF my h'anu'd friend tnuvd the parall.'l of o-J" he woiil.i purceivo that nearly tlie whole of th.^ N'orth-West Company'.s .stations, and the whole of tiiose of the Umison'.s I'.ay Company, are to tlie north of that lino. Then surely it i.s obvious that tliis was not an Act without an oliject. Jt was an Act to extend the jurisdiction <.fthe Provincial Courts to the trial and pimishn.ent of oHences committed in the Indian territories, aii.l they ixn- to ho found in Ihe immense and almost houndless wiMeriiess to the north and tlte west of the Province of Upper (.'anada, as estahlislu-d hy the Act of I7;)I. The Act of the 14th of the Kill},' was ohviously temporary; the Proclamation ..f !7l»l, delinini,' the hoimdaries of the two lo Provinces -and which, 1 must confess, 1 was extremely Nurpris,s| to hears,, sli-htlv spoken (,f l,y tlio Crown oflicers-was founded upon an act of a very dillennt .leseription. The former was merely a temporary, whilst this was a permanent. Act. Mr. Jiislirr A',-*/v„.-Krom what part of the Act of 177+ do you conclude that it was only a tem- porary Act ( 1 see no part of it that warianis su,h a conclusion, except with reference to the last clause. Mr. Stuart.— Thii wor.Is there made use of are -''"''lal, and, as I conceiw, must be under.stooa to refer to the whole of the Act. I mean, however, ind.pen.lently to contend that the time at which that Act was passed, and the situation u( Kn-laiid with ivferenee to her American Colonies, concur to .show that this Act was merely temporary. IJut it is needless to ref, r to the Act of 1774, as it does not bear upon the case, bein,ir completely done away with by the broa.l and liberal Proclamati..n of 17!M. That 20 Pi oclamation created two Provinces. I am surprise.: ihiit the Crown ollicers .shoul.l treat .so lii;htly His Majesty's Proclamation : it is certainly not the quarter from which wo should expect it. How was the Province of Quebec created f P,y Pio.;lamation— and surely mv learned friemis will allow as much weight to one of His .Majesty's Proclamations as to tlier. They will not deny the same power to His Majesty in m\ whi.li he ."x-Mcised in 17(1.. [17.,;) ;] If l>roclamatious are such weak acts, what are wo to think of the Pro,>lamati(.n that has been put in evidence on the present trial and has been resorted to upon all occasions as the justiticatioii for all the apparent agjrre,ssi nanie.l Mainville (who is not here), kille.l him with a gun, or a swonl, or hoth, ami that the others, .Mel.rllan, (hant, Cadotte ami I ),.sn,aiais, were accomplices, that is to ,sav, that they did, before or at tlir tiuu; of the mur.ler, aid in or advise the same, hut at in-esent it is only'with l)c Reinhard that yon have to do. The in.lirtm.'nt eomprehends .several counts, which is usual, because the odicers of tlu^ Crown do not alwjiys know to what part of the case they apply, or what proof they are able to produce. TIk- charge is containe.l, geneially, in the eight counts, of which 1 will i;ive you an abstract. Th,^ charge in the first count is, that De ll-inhard killed Owen Keveney, with a swi.rd, an.l that the others were present, tliat is to say, aetu.dly assisted in the murder, or ready to hav.i •to assisted if it had been n<'cessarv. Before reciting the evhlenee, it will be necessary to take notice of the authority by which the court posHes,ses the right, of ju. luring the prison.. ,'s case, jiy the statute of bSO.S, power was given to the Court of Upper (^ana.la an.l to th.' C.uirt of Lower Cana.la, to try an.l punish those persons who lia-l com- mitted crimes in the In.lian Territories, and the statute clearly explains what was meant hy the hulian Joint ArPKNDlX. S...-. .\r. Judinal J'rorirtfiwf iiiniln'u;/ the qiimtiim nf tlir Buuiiiiariff. Til,. Do K.in- IllU',1 OUSl', ISlS: C'lii,'f .Ttistice SiiwtU. ( 'hiii'ff,) (if Cliii'f JuBticfi H.'»-..ll. ♦A nmiiifcst error, prohulily „ti tluj piut of tlio person wiio prepari',1 tlio report for Iho press. It may ho pr.smn.id that the ds.'.oriptioii of llu, WL'8t,.rn Iv.midiry given hy tli.r Chief Jiii^tico on this oociiBi..u w.vs in the wor,ls which he siih- Bciuuntly e.iiployc.l in desorihirig it in his .'harKo t,i the jiuy (p. 445 of the Keport), viz. :-' La lin.ito oiant ,lu llant Cana,la est uno hgne tir6o vrai uor.i .le l.i jonctiun .lea liiviJ.reR (»lii,.et Mi«,si...sip])i, .liui.s la latitn.le ile 57' 10 n,.r,l, et 1* l<)!!-ii.!uie nces luive been committed in the Indian Territories, and " otlicr parts of America not within tlie limits ot the I'lovini es of Up|)er and Lower Caiiaihi, or either of " them, or of l\w jnrisdietion of anj' of the courts establisheii in those Provinces, or within the limits of " any civil government of tlie United States of America, and iire tiieret'oie not cognizahle by an}' jiirisdic- "tion wiiatever, and liy reason tliereof iji'cat crimes and otiVnees have«fone, and may hereafter go, unpun- "ished, and greatly increase. For remedy whereof, may it please your Majesty, that it may bo enacted^ " and be it enaeted by tlie Kin',''s most excellimt M iji;sty, by and with the consi!nt and advice of the "Lords spiritnal and temporal, and Conunons, in tiie present Parliament assembled, and by the "autiiority of the same, that from and after the pas.sing of this Act, all offences CDunnitted within any '' of the Indian Territories, or parts of America, not within the limit of either of the said Provinces of 10 " ITpper and Lower ( 'anada, or of any civil jfovernment of the United States of America, shall be, and be " deenK^d to be oftenees of the same nature, and shall be tried in the same manner, and .subject to the .same "punishment, as if thi'V had been connnitLcd witliin the Province of Upper or Lower Canada." It is in conseipiencc, absolutely neeessary to know whether the place where tlie death occurred, where the murder was committed, is without the limits of Upper or Lower Canada, or of the United States of America, for if it is without those limits we have the power of trying the pri.soner, and on the contr.tiy if it is not so, then we have not the right of trying him. The first (question for you, therefore, to determine will be, where was it that Keveney met his death ? Not in the Province of Lower Canada certainly. First, Upper Ciinada, the western boundiiry of Upper Canada is a line drawn due north from the jiniction of the rivers Ohio and Mississippi, in the latitude 37° IC north, and 88° .50' we.st 20 longitude. I am bound to tell you that it is we who are to decide upon the law, and you who are to judge of the I'acts, and, according to law, we have heard the arguments of counsel on the subject yesterday, and to-day we decided that the western limit of Upper Canada is such a line, and if the Dalles are to the east of such a line, they are in the Province of Upper Canada, ami eonseipieiitly not within onr jurisdiction. Let us now look at the evidence. The first witness on the part of the Crown is Mr. Sa.K. He said, " 1 am acquainted with th.e boundary of the Province of Upper Canada, according to "the map, A line drawn due north from there will cross Lake Superior and will leave Fort " William thiee-(piarters of a degree to the westward. Lake Winnipeg is between the 50th and olst " degrees of north latitude. The Portage des Rats is in the latitude of 4!)' 45' north, and longitude " 94" G' west. The whole of the River Winnipeg is, at least, five degrees to the west of the line drawn due 30 " north fiMiu the nunilh of the Ohio." It is, therefore, manifest that a spot which is in the longitude of 94° ()', west, must be nmch totiie westward of the boundary of Ui)perCanad;i. There is another witness, Mr. Joseph Bouchette, who s;iys the same thing. " The boundary of the late Province of Quebec is a " line di'awn from the nnrnth of the River Cliio, to the north, unto the boundary of the territory of the " Hnd.sim's Bay Comp:my. The latitude of this mouth is 37° 10' north., and the longitude, B8° 58' west " from (iieenwich. The place called the Dalles is upon the River Winnipeg, four leagues beyond, and to "the nordiwiird.s of Portage des Rat-^." But tliat belongs to another paii of the evidence. You see that Mr. Bouchette and Mr. Sax entirely agree. There was some other evidence to this point, but perha})s yon have no doubt of the l>alles bring to the westward of the line of which these gentlemen spoke. If 3'ou liavi'aiiy doubt, 1 will read other evidence to you. 40 Mr. L. V. — It is not necessary. Aiiotiier mutter for your con-;i deration is, whether thi^ Dalles ar(; to the iioith of the line between the Unitetl States, and the Pvovince of Ifjiper (Jaiiada. It is of importance to ascertain this, because if the spot is to tin; north of such a line, it is in truth in the Indian Territories, and if it is to the gonth of such a lim:, it ia in the United Slates, and coaseipiently not within our jurisdiction. On this point the evidence is etpially as strong as on the otln-r. Mr. Bouchette 's evidence is as follows: — " The "place which is called the Dalles, is upon the River Winnipeg, four leagues beyond, and to the north of " Portage des Rats, and of the Lake of the Woods, accor to the southward of a lino running went from the F,a!s<^ of t,!i!^ Woods, or, .at le.'tst only a " very uuiall part, and must eertuiuly a liao running iVom thu Lake of the Woods to the Uivur Mitwis- 681 ^_ ..st.n.t t,o,n I or nge des Rn-s, a,..! (ro.n tl„. Lak. of the Woo.ls to ih. nortl,, t,.,.,l„„. a little tou^nl. ^- ■^'■ local tv of the Dale, ar.l .t proves that the Dalles lie to ,he west ul the houudarv of Upper Canada '' ''" OFFICIAL PAPERS RELATING TO THE CASE OF DE REINHARD, 1819-1S21. 10 Mh. Admimstuatou Monk to Eaui, Ratiiukst.* Castle ok St. Lkwis, Qt'EliKC, 17th Noveml.er, 1.S19. fhe oK "7"/ ''?'" ?' '1"""'"' ^" *'''""'"^ *" y""^' ^^^'''''^'''l' ■'^" ■•^"tl'onticatea reconl that exhihits ^K cha.ge. plea, tnal and jud.nnent upon the case of Do Reinhani. [ have endeavoured for several weeks passed to .,l,ta,n the state of the evidence and proceedings in detail fron, the .Judge's notes 1„ have not heen a ,le t,> aocon.plish it. As soon as it n.ay 1. in n.y power [ shall lose no tin.e i,. tnu nuttuy It and hope „ will he done before the closing of the navigation of the River St. Lawrence .1 /. T ^hief Justice a.ssures n,c tliat he delivered to Sir John Sherl.r.oke soon after the trial about he KSth of July LS,8, a state o£ the ca.se and proceedings unt:. the tiual iudgn.ut, for the Jxp.e! 20 pu,po.so of being transmitted to your Lordship, and that he entertained no doubt that the .sau.e were .soon after tran.smitted by a vessel fron. Quebec ; but no trace of anv su,.), transu.is.ion bein^/niade appears au,ong the eop.es of Sir John Sherbrookes despatches to your L.rdship ^uor has his late^rivate secretary any knowledge of any such trausu.ission of the trial bein, n.ade, altho' several copies of despatches from S.r John Sherbrooke are entered in his ("opy Book fron. the t]th of June to the :iOth ot Jul3, 1818, whc.i Sn- John resigned h.s .situation of Governor in Chief, nor is there anv trace to be Lordship ""'°"^' ' '"'"''" ^""^"'" ^"^' '" '^''' '""""■'' '^ ^"-'' ''''^' transniLssion being u.ade to your The miscarriage of tliat trial is the more to be regretted as your L,rd.sldp will perceive that the execu .on o sentence on De Reinhard was .-cspited over to artb.-d ti.ne for yoir Lordships direction. 30 upon the subject (as I understand) .n respect to the Court's competency of juri.sdiction The com,m,ssion of Oyer and Terminer was dated the 19th of April, 1S18, and has by seve.-al adjournments been kept open to this time, where pros,.cutions are carried on by the Solicitor Ge„e,-al \our Lorclsh.p w.ll perceive tVon, the Judge's n..tes of the trial that De R^inha.'d's .sentence is fur- ther re.spited by the Court over to the twenty-lirst day of January next, to which day the said Court is further adjou.-ned, and I must conclude that the execution of the .sentence of De Reinliard will be further respited over as It IS scarcely p«,ssible to receive yo,,.LavKbip'..ii,struciionso., the poii,tss,,b:nit.edbvU period I need not express to your Lordship how important it will be that an earlv .letermi.iation should be made upon the doubts that have arisen and induced the Curt of Oyer and Teru.iuer to suspend the execution of its .sentence, a.s that determination will ope.ate upon futiuv ca.ses, whe.e siu.ilar cases may The record and case of Colin Robertson and otiiers, for a riot and pulling doNvu and destrovin- houses, etc., accompanies the present dispatch, lest the same (altho' the defen.lanfs were acquitted) shm.ld prove useful to be laid befo.e your Lordship, which was the only p,-oseeutlon for criu.es .and a^./ression, m the Indian territories that came to issue and trial before the Courts at Montreal. I have the honour to be. Your Lordship's most obedient servant. The Right Honourable ^' ^"^*^- Tlic l).i;,,iii- ISIS. Offici.ll pii|iir», Isl'J- L'l. .Mr. Ad- Tiiini. llcinliard, a m;in in the service of the North-West Company, who was sentenced to be I'.xceuted tor tlic; murder of Owen Kovnagh, but in consequence of the circumstances therein represented the e.veeution of who.so sentence was respited and he was recommended to mercy. 1 have the honour to accjuaint your Lordsliip that the ca^^e of I)(^ Reinlianl having been submitted to tlie King, by Viscount Sidmoiith, His Majesty has been graciously pleased to grant to the prisoner a free pardon, which I 10 have herewitii the honour to tiansmit to your Lonl.ship, in order that he may receive the benefit thereof. I have the honour to be, etc., Bathurst. Lieutenant-General The Earl of Dalhousie, G.C.B. etc., etc., etc. [.S(>arch has lieen made to ascertain the grounds upon which the free pardon was granted to De Keirduii'(l ; but the reasons have not been discovered. McI.oUaj's ciWf, 1S18 : Kxtrivcts from C. J. Sewell's Charge. McLELLAN'S CASE,t 1818. [Arcliibald McLellan was tried under the same Commission as De Reinhard, on the 12th June, 20 1818, on a chiuge cf murder committed in thy Indian territory. The question of jurisdiction arose in this case also.] Extracts kkom iiu\y,v Ji'stick Sewkll's Charge. The indictment now under trial is founded upon the Act of the forty-third of the King, which extends the jurisdiction of the Couils of Justice of the Provinces of Lower and Upper Canada, to the trial and punishment of persons guilty of crimes and offences within certain parts of North America adjoining to the said Pi-ovinces. In the recent trial we had an opportunity lai'gely to consider the boumlaricy of Upjier Canada, as settled by the statute of 1791. We were called upon then to declare or deciper Canada was, " a line drawn from the head of Lake Tomiscanning, due north, till it strikes the lioundaiy line of Hudson's Bay,"t but also including " all the territory to the westward and south- ward of sucli line, to the utmost extent of the country commonly called or known by the name of Canada:" and we are also clearly of opinion that in .so charging the jury, we only gave them as the western boumlary of lTi)per Canada that which formed part of the western boundary of the ancient Province of Quebec. In this opinion the Court are uminimous, for 1 have consulted n)y learned brothers who sat with me in the late trials. We also concur in dec^laring that the western boundary of Canada is a line drawn astronomicnlly " North from the junction of the Ohio and Mississippi Rivers, till it strikes the southern boundary of the Hudson'.s Bay territory," and we consider the [loint of departure to lie in 88" 58' of western longitude. As n'e, gentlemen, are bound to take from you all decision.s U[)on 4Q (|ue.stions oi fact, so you are boun That is a (piestion completely with you. It is a matter of fact, and is exclusively your province to decide. I shall now call your attentiijn to the evidence that hits been produced, a.s it re- lates to locality, because by that will, indeed I might say must, your judgment be guided, in declaring * Cijlonial Oflico Record — Book " Lower Cftnada, vol. 4." + From the " Canadian Pamphleteer," Vol. 5. I As to this mistake, see note p. 670, antt. 685 1 was granted to wheilior the Dalles are or arc not witlmut the Hnes which separate the Unite.l States an. ae Province of Upper Canada fn.,u the Indian territories. Upon this suhjoet, wo have first the evidence of Mr. t^u ;;!r\7 r r^ r; u" r-'f ''." t- "^ ^^"^ "^ *•"* " ^'"""» ^'- >-* >'-^ ^^ ^as passed th.,ugh th. Lake of the Woods into the River Winnlpie, that the course of that river is northerly from';!!'' I" ' • ""^'/ ;!'"' ""' '" r'T"'" '•'' ^'^"'^^ '"^ ^" f''"'" ^^^'^''^" ^" ?-•''■•'!- t-«"ty -il- f on. the hcymn.n.r „f the nver at the Lake of the Woods," and Mr. Coltman also states that "he tTw ' l"" T "" .""'•'^f ":^'' I''"'''-^.^- ''-^ R'^ts to 1. the north-westernn.ost point of the Lake of ♦1 n P '' *""^"IV^'"^ P'V' ?^ *•>« 'l^'-^tl'*" I'e concludes his evidence hv .savin.r, -, due west line hon lor,, ^edes Rats woul.l leave, as he thinks, the whole of the river Winnlpicno the Liof i? i0^h. Bouchette.s testunony corroborates that ol Mr. Coltn.an as to the locality of the Dalles, which are therefore stated to be s.tuate.I from twelve to fifteen leagues (miles) farther north than the boundurv hne described. We, therefore, think it ri^ht to tell you (as we told the jury in the late case), that if, me.xam.nmy the fact, you find that the Dalles are to the north of a line drawn due west from the most no:^h-western pomt of the Lake of the Woods, then you are bound to say that it is not in the United States of America; for whether such a line would reach the Mississippi or not is of no conse- quence to this trial, as a line drawn to that river would have just the same effect. It remains only to inquire : Is ,t within the Province of Upper Canada ? As I abstain from reading more evidence than I consider necessary to show, and I presume .satisfy you on, the point to which I am directing your at- tention, upon this branch of the question, involving our jurisdiction, I shall read you the tesUmony of ^0 Mr. B,,uchette. which is exceedingly clear as to the locality of the Dalles in reference to Upper Canada Mr. Bouciiette says, "from different authors and ..aps I am acquainted with the latitude of Porta.re des^Kats. It is in 49^ 39' north latitude, and 94° 5' western longitude, calculating from the meridian of Greenwich He .says further, " that the western boundary of Canada is a line drawn astronomically north from the junction of the Ohio and Mississippi Rivers to the Hudson's Bay territory, and that sue, .line would leave the Lake of the Woods, and the River Winnipic entirely to the west • about SIX leagues to the west." Y<,u have now, gentlemen, before you, the whole of the evidence on tl'.e sub- ject ot the jurisdiction, and there can be no manner of doubt, if you credit the testimony that the Dalles are to the north and west of these lines which we have, as the expositors of the law, felt ourselves bouiirl ..n 1? :T' '""''•^"*" ''»■ '"^'"Hlaries of Upper and Lower Canada in relation to each other and to the ^0 United States of America. This question will be submitted to the decision of His Majesty in Council as It IS only by His Majesty, with the nssistanee of his Council, that the boundaries or lin.its of his' territories can be legitimatdy and permanently defined. The (piestion, however, having been inciden- tally brought before us, we have been compelled to declare the limits of Upper Canada" As judges of the law we have done that which we could not avoid ; and as the same authority which appoints you the sole judges on matters of fact, constitutes us equally so on points of law, we are boun. apparent that the spot, " eu hnid des Dalles," \h from eighteen to twenty miles beyond the American lino, and from four to live leagues without the boundary of the Province of Upper Canada. Relative to the Lower Province, it is unnecessary to say anything. .ToiNT ArrKNDii. Soc. XI. Jnilidid iuruh'itvj tilt iiumtion of thi Hiiiiniluriei, .McLollan'B case, 1818 ; Kxtraots from C. J. .SewcU'f charge. CASE OF BROWN AND BOUCHER, 1818.* [The.se persons were charged with the crime of murder, said to have been committed in the In- Caseof Bro dian Territory, and tried, under Commission, at York, Upper Canada, 19th October, 1818. The quea- a^Bouchr" tion of jurisdiction arose. The following evidence was given :] — ^^^^' * lieport of ti^e proceedings connected mth the dispiUea between tlie Earl of Selkirk and tU North- West Comnnn,, Montreal, 1819. w,»j;le boundaries, situate, be or proclamations, a point self- evident, and not doj inattcr of fact, dednribh, from treaties, acts of parliament and I II I: Upon cxtrinsii' test Vn,,,. I ,.. 1 1 • , , ' '; "I"'" ''xirinsu' testimony. becnh I^ ;:':!:,:;;: ''t':/;!:'"'"'";''''^^^ .nanupo.: this pomt would have tb. ^'oforeasc r a! ft „. hi i ;'"'""' ""^r ^''^ "'"^* 1""I"-' I"—" to interrogate on the subject. I •u .red sc , ' " '•", TT r"'."'"" ''^ ''"■ '""" '■" '^"" '">"' *''- '•^■"l t»u> foundation for .^hen all ' '"'"T ^". ''" '^""'^* "" '''^' ■""''J^^^ <.f jurisdiction. I also prove by bin. that ^ «;:::.!: t;th:d':;:;rvJ::7r^^' '"'"•••" ''-' ""• -'- -^ "^ '- -' ^^ ""'^— not as a justic ^of . "t^^^^^ . 'p " " 1:-^ co,n„Hs.,„n as a n.a.istrate of the Indian territories, and 10 further. ' I could n ' ! 1^?"'?' I ' ' "' '""' '"' ''"'"""'""■ ' ^""'^ P'"^ ''"" - opinion, whi 1 I ha ; 1 ' "^ ^"'"""" ^' ""''""' P"^'''^'^''^' '^" -*'> >-i'-tin, a n.atter of tie m.iff .. f """' "'^'"°"''' ''^ ^''''^ moment the .loubtof manv men who have '^"n who comuncted the murder, from malice aforethou.d.t '■ Ca i; ■ T V ?'"' r """"f "' '"•" -^"^ '^^''^^"'"^ ^'^'f«'" "'^ -'>''t -- the limfts of Upp 49 "north KH ! ' "j ^ '"" " T''''" "'' ^"' """•"^"^' '^ "^'' '^^^ ''^^ forth that the spot wa.s in abo^ ^ir:;;i^r;::i^r:^:-^^ [The verdict was "Not Guilty."] Joint Al'l'K.NlllI. Sco. XI. Jnilidnl I'riiriiiiiniii ini'd/nnii thr ijiKntiiyn (■I thr lii)iimlarie». Cimcdf Urown iiTiil Hcjuchcr, 18 IN. Chii'f .fiiKticH .ScWfU'H clmr({L'. Cou jries. This I 60 CASE OF CONNOLLY V8. WOOLRICH, 1867.* r. ^!Z 'n '^^ "7n ^^'f "'' i""'' ^'^"'^ *'"^ Honourable Justice Monk, of the Superior ConnCy .... 'i-, ince of Quebec, i)th July, 1807, was as to the le.ralitv of a marri'Hrp h^r « T »- ^"P^rior Wooirich, 40 winch too. place according to the Indian custon.s at Rat Riv^^r, in tlo ^^X^t^a ^H Z '"' north, and , .r west longitude,, in the North- West Territory; and one point inTh; cawl w ettrthi place was wUnn the territory of the Hudson's Bay Company. The learned Jule hoi JTLT f ! an.l the following are extracts from his judgn.ont on this point] :- ' ^ '^^' '' ^"^ "°* It will be necessary for me. in the first place, to advert briefly to the discoveries ,n„ I. , trading posts established in those vast and remote regions of tho North-Wes pre ious to th" b T granted by Charles II. to the Hudson's Bay Company, in 1670. ^ "^^'^^^ Spain, England, and France have been the most conspicuous amon- the Euronein ^fnf • .,, aiscovery^nd^l.^^ ^.^^^ ,,J^_ ^^^ ^^^^^^«^^hc. European J.^^^ ^ ♦Lower Canada Jurist, Vol. XI. p. 197. ^ " ^ ' I I' I I Sec. XI. i>iidM.c' liad bc't-n istalilislii'd, and liad l.cconH' an iniportant settlement, in tlio I july part of the seventeenth century, anterior to KilJO, the lieavir and several otlicr eonipanies had lioea or;,'anizeec for carrying' on tlie fur trade in the west, near and around tiio -reat lakes and in tlie Nortli-W'est Territory. The enterprise and trading operations of tlie.so companies and the Fnnch colonists generally, extended over vast regions of the northern and western portions of this continent. They entered into treaties with the Indian tril.es and nations, and canied on a lucrative 10 and extensive fur trade with the natives. Neither the French Government nor any of its colonists or tlieir trading a.ssoeiations, ever attempted, during an intercourse of over two hundred years, to suhvert or modify the laws and usages of tlie aboriginal tribes, except where they had established 2olonies and pernianeiit settlements, and then oidy by persuasion and as the tiercer and more barbarou.s of the Indian nations receded, or in the lapse of time, when their barbarism had been subdued by contact with the whites, or mitigated by the intliiences of European civilization. It is ([uite true, it is contended, they had no right, no lawful authority t.) do .so, yet, as a matter of fact, they appear to have wholly abstained from the exercise of any unjust or arbitrary power in tliis respect. In the prosecution of their trade and other enterprises, these adventurers evinced great energy, courage and perseverance. How far they carried their huiititig and trading e.xplorations into the interior, I am unable precisely to determine ; 20 "cSjukI'L ''"*/ ''^"' '"^•''"'''' '" t'''""^ ''"•>■ '"^'l extende.l them to the Athabaska cotnitry, though perhaps not to .Monk. Kiviere aux Rats, where ( 'onnolly was stationed in ISO'}. The Rat River locality is, so near as I can ascertain, situate in latitude .i8° north, and longitude west from Greenwich about 111°. It is on the north shore of the lake, an' ^'"^ '^''*'"^' ^^'^t" «'' ^""'""" was .„a.I., against all oti.i Kunpoa - v nnTr'"''.'' ;^"''"" ""'J'"-''^ ^" ''>' ^'"■■^" -'^'"'-^y i' •'^"'^- •^•'• Johns.,,. ... Mcintosh, 8 WhclZC lU.^;^"^ '" "'"' ^'^'^ ""*^''^ ''^ consu.n.n.Uci ,y possess^,,.; ^ili-L. i lii.sprincii)lo, acknowl(>(hriwl J... oil i.\ i . thiiiiimtiim th. soil an.i of .nakin, s..ttN.,n.^^ orr^t ;r;::: i' iv:'^- '''''T''' ^r'r '^''^ •"'^■•''""•'^ " ">• - con.petition tt.no„g those who ha,l agn...! to it " T ^''''''f'' *''"-•'' '^''"^ ""^ ^''" '''yl't "f J^ij'l-". ofTect. an.l of cn.ichi,,, t u.,„se7v s Thcf .f th ^7T ''""^'''' "'" "'^""^ «^ ^''^' ^''•"-" -^'' any part of the cou.U^y. Th • urp! ' ll ,??" ^•"^'•^-■7^'' "-!« '-/-•" ?~-u wa.s taken of Sea. The noil was occupie. t\ ^ . us an ! 'il' "T'"^' "'" "" '''"" ^'"' ^^"""''•'- '<' "'« '^•«"'/' possessions. The ext, J'a.''!: : , a ^ ^ai h""^";T' "T"^' "'"'"^ '^"^ "'''^ ^" ''^'^••"' ^•'-• c'om;;l^^Yhe /..W« «,«/«„,«»<« „,«./. on the .ea cast, or Ihr occupy the lan.^s froLlJ:^ :a7^1:t7^X "Tt '"''"' '' ''"" '" ''""''''' '''« r>eoplr, or convey the title which, acco,, 1: t t le co '.n on a^of Enr''"' "'""• '""'^ ""^ "*'" '""^^"•^'""'' ^" ■"•"^■""- "' ".iyht rightfully convey, an.l nt Z" Tk! ° „ '^ "^ ^"'°^^*^"" ^oy.ro^.n. n.spe..tin. America, they :,;:^ •"-"=• ".i«ht rightfully cnvey. an.l ncT Z^ 1 ^ 1. "."^l^"" rrT''"V^!''^"'"^ ''""^■■'^*^' ^''^'^ 20 natives were willing to .sell The Crown V, n 1 . . '""'T C ""^ P"'cl'^i«'ny ■■'"ch lamls as the affect to clain, nor°w„s it lo understoor' " ""''"'"'' '" ^"'"'^ ^^^'^^ ^'^ ^^-^ ••''' "ot Philliniore in his International Law CCXFI n 9ns li-,] ^f iu-. is not confined to any one class or descHntion i/ ^' , . *' ""^^ '-^^^^"^ ""*"'-° °*" "^•'^"pation !lll AilT,'.. /"'■''■"^''y. ert'cteil a Hmall fort. Thf ihtsoiih ititcicNtoil in this vessel, upon the return of Mr. (hllani, - upplie,! toLharhs the Secoii.l lor n patunt, who granU-.l tiium the Hudson's Bay Charter, date.l the ^•*'' ^'' 2n(l May. 1G70. • # , Jwtieial invMnu"' ^^ '" "" P"''''' "^ ">}' '•»*>'. "p'^n the present opeasion, to ofTer any opinion upon the valiaity of this M,'^^7m.,(„m extraordinary Charter, thou^di tliat point is not without interest in this ease ; and it is worthy of note, honnUarie,. that Honio of its elausos have given rise to doubts innong hiwyers, and lias been the occasion for con- Ooiiiioily ,». sidenibie controversy both in Eiii^land and in this country. Several modes of tostinj,' the (pieHtion havo 1807,"" '" ^'*'*''" suggested; but, as yot. none have been adopte.l. Apart from the immense ami irresponsible powers conferretl upon the Company, it has been contended that the grant in free and comtnon socage. in fi'O simple, of such extensive regions of territory in the actual posses.sion of aboriginal and powerful lo nations, was not in the power of the Crown, and was a violation of the i)lainest princii-les of publie inter- national law. Some have gone further, and contendetl that, without the authority of ['ariiamenl, such a grant of land and exclusive privileges and monopoly could not be made ; that the concession of the exclusive right of traile with the Indian tribes, was an illegal exercise of the Royid Prerogative ; that the Company have never carried out the intentions of the Crown, cither by proper attempts to find a Jud lent of "'"'^'^■^)''-'**' P''****''^'" <" ^^^ Southern Ocean, or by making useful discoveries, and planting, settling, and Chu^Tu.tico colonizing the territory ; that they have not attempted, by even ordinary means, to civilize the natives; Monk, no,, have they by judicious and appropriate regulations, laws an.l gov.rnment, endeavoured to render such a vast and important dominion of the Crown beneficial tu the Parent .State. The Company, when called uj)on, from time to time, have answered these charges more or less successfully, and they have 20 further urged, that in the reign following that in which this Cliarter was granted, the cession received ' the confirmatioi, of Parliament ; however, it was specially provided that the Act of confirmation should only remain in force for the period o£ seven years, " and from thence to the end of the next session of Parliament and no longer." After this no re-confirmation of the Charter by Parliament ever took place, though its existence has frecjuently been incidentally recognized in Acts of that body, and among others may be noticed the following :— By an Act of Parliament of (Ireat Britain (43 George III., chap, cxxxviii), passed in August 1803, it was provided that crimes connnitted within , the Indian territories which, though not conveyed by Charter to the Company, have long been leas'ed to them, should be cognizable by the Courts of Upper and Lower Canada. The preamble of this Act recites that crime, and offences committed within the Indian territories were not cognizal)le by any jurisdiction whatever go In 1821, an Act (1 and 2 George IV., eh. Ixvi.) was pu,s,sed, extending the provision of the above- ' named Act to crim, s and offences committed within the territory covered by the Company's Charter, anything " in any Grant or Charter to the Company to the contrary notwithstanding." This latter Act also gave to the Canadian Courts a right of jurisdiction within the Indian terri- tory, as well as over Rupert's Land, which is covered by the Company's Charter. The existence of the Charter has also been referred to in Royal Proclamations. All this may give rise to interesting investigat on hereafter. » • ♦ Lord Brougliamand his associate coun.sel, consulted, in 1814, by the North-West Company, were of opinion that the territorial grant was not intended to compiehond all th(> lands and territories that might be approached througii Hudson's Straits by land or by water, but must be limited to the relation 40 of proximity to the Straits, and to the confines of the coasts of the Bay within the Straits ; and like- wise that the boundary must not be such a one as is inconsistent with th it view, and with the professed objects of a trading Company, intended not to found Kingdoms and establish States, but to carry on fisheries in their waters, and to trade and trafKc for the ac(piisition of furs, peltries, etc. ; and they add, that as one hundred and fifty years had then elapsed since the grant of the Charter, it must have been ascertained by the actual occupation of the Company wliat portion or portions of lands and territories in the vicinity, and on the coasts and confines of the waters mentioned and described as within the Straits, they had found necessary for their purposes and for forts, factories, towns, villages, settlements, or such other establishments in such vicinity and on such coasts and confines as pert.ii"i and belong to a Company established for the purpo.ses mentioned in their Charter, and necessary, useful and con- .)!!!!t. Con.p.u.y w,.,v ot op.,,...,, that the ,,n.nt ..f land contained in the Chart... was .^oo.l .."d that, ,..o,..ove,-, .t woui.l „,el,.de all the countries the wate.-s of « 'nu-U ,|,.w into .lu,l...„s May All th..H >H pivtty vajrue ; an.l what is n.ost appa,-enf a,„l preci.se, in th.'se ,.pinin„s, is the dille.vnt i"j,rant8 the n^h of ex,!us,vo t,ade ami -o.unu.ree of all «r<«, .^m,V,vWre/w, .^^, that lie within tho entrance,., nu.s.^S Strait. ; al.so together with , .11 lan.is and territo, os u,on the cou.Urr oa and conhnes o the .seas, bays, laKes, rive.s, c.-ks. .u.,1 soun.ls afo.esaid. t seen.s to me f Z^e vor, s taken together, are su.sc.,,til.le ..f any rea..onal,ie cousfuction or interpretation i,y w .L ft t 1 '. ^''^- -""""•^, --'--!^^^7'';^ *«-"»-:» tj-t Rat River or the Athabaska country are or wer; ever withi,. 1 chartei'cd limits of tho Hudson s Bay territories. • • « By t^.e 10th Article of the Treaty of Ufecht it is provi.Ied that :-•' X. The saul Mo.t Qkn.tian Ba,an>1Stru,t.ofUudy together mth all land., seas, sea-coa^ts, rivers, and places.itiate in th, saul ha;, and M,aud vA.ch hdu.g ticereunto, no tract, of lands or 0/ sea beiny excepted, which, are 'AO at ■present jmxsessed by the Huhjeds of France." ^ f ' «■<-», '/e The Hudson's Bay territory, as described in the latter treaty, would seem to be restricts to the limits contended tor by Lor.l B.o.igham, rather than to those laid down by Sir Samuel Romillv • and m any case, I be leve, as b..f, „ .tated, that the Athabaska region w,-, beyond and without the 'ehar- tered ImuUs of the ' ^any, and could not, the.efon.. ....me under tho operati.m of that grant There may moreover, be urged another reason, and in my opi..i.>,. successfully, why tho Athabaska country should be exclu, e.l from the limits of tho Ilu.lson bay territory, ond an argument more cogent than that to bo found m tho vague an.l doubtlul terms of the Charter. It is declared bv that remarkable instrument, that the grant is made of all those sens, bays, .straits, etc., together with all lan.is aiul terri tones, etc that are not ah-ea.ly a..tually p.,.ssesse,l by or granto.l to any of our subjects, or possmd by 40 the Huhjcch nt an , ot u-r Chr.dian Prince or State. Now, os I have before remarked, it appears to me to be beyon.i controversy tliat in 1G70 the Athaba.ska country bolongo.l to tho Cr.)wn of France. It had previously been discovered by French clonists. and been more or less explored by these adventurers and tho trading companies of New and 01-1 France. It is true their settlement and occu- pat,..n was not prec,s..ly that of colonists; but they were traders with trading posts, explorers hunters disc.Av,...s, carrying on a trading intercourse with the natives. If this be true, an.l there can be no doubt of It, the region in question was expressly excepted out of that grant ; and such was the opinion ot Lor.l Brougham and his associate counsel. * * * It will be observed that between 1670 an-l 1763, nearly one hundred yeai-s had elapsed, and .luring that pen..d the French coloni.sts and French trading companies had made settlements and established •■)0 t:M,dii!g posts as far as the IWky Mountains ; that these countries were in tho occupation of the French Joint Ai'i'KNim. H.H,.. XI. tnniU-tn;/ thr tfufntinn iifthr Himniliiritt, ("i.tiiMillv i«. \V,.„|iid., l.s»i; : 'tl.l^lIIPBt (if (Jhiuf .liifltici. M.iiik. riTif XII. ALLEGED DISCOVERY OF HUDSON'S BAY BY THE DANES AND SPANIARDS r^^'!:^^^::^:!^l::!:il.:%'t^:fl '-^ f ---^ ^^ «- -^ thei^ naUon. b, .,.. the passed tl,o strait .•< ntinuod t'e ir "ov i'j ? IT ' T ^'''"- ^^'^ '-"^' '^^' '^'' I^*^"^-' ''^ving Luth of tl.e river w^l tl y cal d the D l! " ""''', """^ '"^"^ ""^'"'^ ^''« ->"'-^> ^^^ *'- which si,ni«es the' stra^^i^^^!^^' S:;^:t:i;:^^.^ttti2i'"^"^ ^^"^^ ^^-^--^^^■ Spaniards ha^ve recent 7fondTe„tZet tLllA ."'f .'■•^ ^"'""' ^'^^^ " '* ^'^ ^"^°^'^ ^'^^ ^^- 10 brought them to the v.^in ; f lX„ "y^l hi u^^^ T H """'' ^^'"'T' " ^--^>'— " '^'^y" of John de Fuca, the Greek pilot in iTo- f^ ' '"'^^ corresponds to the ancient relation Joint appkniiix. Sec. XII. Miscdiancout. Alli-Kfd DiHcovery of IJiiy by 1 limes ftnd SpaniardB. A.D 1400.'"''"^''''''' ""^ ^^^""^^ ^"■' ""^ ^'"''''^''''^ '^^ ™E CABOTS. 1496.t A.H II.', li. VII. J ''"''^^ ^'"g' to all whom, etc.— Greeting :— been unknown to all Christian people ^ '''"''^''^' ""^"'^ ''''^^*^ ^''^'^^''to :':,;, uZeL ''°""' ""' """"""""" -"'"■ ""^ "■•" ^™^' --^ -"^ «»- ri L ,t: : 30 ♦ Introduction a I'HisK.iro do I'Agio, do I'AfriquBetdel'Arafiritiuo Par M P«w i w ■ """^T"^ t Ualryr„plo-H lMa„ for Pr.„„,„i„, tl.o Fur TradJ, 1789 ''' Martm.ore. T. 11., ,.,,. 409-10. I Ohahuers' Political Annuls, Bk. I. , pp. 7, 8. 004 Joint api'endix. Sec. XII. Miscilhincoua. Royal Com- mission to tim Calnits, U'jfi. And moreover, WE give and grant to the same and his heirs and deputies, that all the continents, slan °- ''-"or And further, that the said Walter Raleigh, his heirs and assigns and everv of them, shall have 40 h..l. . occupy and enjoy to lum, his heirs and ..signs and every of them for ever,^all the soi of 1 1 .1 ands, territorie.s ami countries, so to be discovered and posse.s.sed as aforesaid, and of all such it^ cas tes, towns, vl ages ami places in the same, with the right, royaities. franchises ami ju.isdi t ons i' wel marine as other within the said lamls or countries, or the .seas thereunto adjoining, to be had o used, with full power to dispo.se thereof, and of every part in foe simple or otherw se. according o ho aws ot M.glan.1, as near as the same conveniently may bo, at his and their svill and pletsunT t any persons then being, or that .sh.-Ul remain within the allegiance of us. our heirs ami succLors r es vin"^ always o us, our heirs an.l successors, for all .services, duties and demands, the fifth part of all 'the ore o1 gold and s.K.r,U.atfi.,n_t..m,t,aime. and at all times aftor^ch discovery, subduing and i^'!;!- ^ ♦ChanorsuiidCoustidutionHofthoUnituaStatei., ctc,,i),ipt2,|.. 1379. " ~" (;!)■• shall he the,^ gotten and obtained : All which Lands, countries and terntorien shall for ever he holden 01 the Haul Wait...- Rale..;h, his heirs and a8si,^rns, of us, our heirs an.l successors, by homage, and by the said i.aynient ot the said fifth part, reserved only for all services. ♦V, ^T'wT"T', '■', t. ^^ *'"'" ^"■''''"^''' ^'"" "■'• «"'■ ''^''''^ ^""1 ""ceessors, give and grant license to the said Wa er Raleigh, his heirs and assigns, and every of then., that he, and they, and every or any of then,, shal and may fro.n time to time, and at all times forever hereafter, for his or their defence, encounter and repulse, expel and resist as well by sea ,us by land, and bv all other wavs whatsoever, all and every such person and persons whatsoever, a.s without the especial liking and license of the said \V alter Kaii'igl, an.l of h.s heirs and assigns, shall attempt to inhabit within the said countries, or any "of them, or w.thm the the space of two hundred leagues near to the place or places within such coun- tries as aloresanl (,f they shall not be before planted ..r inhabits within the limits as aforesaid with the subjects of any (ihrislian Prince being in amity with us) where the said Walter Raleigh, his heir or assigns, or any of them, or his or their or any of their associates or company, shall, within six years (next ensuing make their dwellings or abid.ngs, or that shall enterprise or attempt at any ti.ne here- after unlawfully to annoy, either by sea or land, the said Walter Raleigh, his heirs or assi.rns or any of them, or h.s or their, or any of his or their co.npanies ; giving and g.-anting by ti,ese presents further power and authority to the said Walter Raleigh, his hei.-s and assigns, and eve.y of them, f.'o.n ti.ne to tune, and at all times forever hereafter, to take and surprise by all manner of ...cans whatsoever, all and eve.-y those pe.^son or persons, with their ships, vessels, and other goods and furnitu.-e, which 20 without the license of the said Walter Raleigh, or his hei.-s, or assigns, as afoivsaid, shall :.e found traf- fic.ng into any harbor, or harbors. e.-eek, or creeks, within the sai.l limits aforesaid, (the subjects of our Realms and r)om..m,ns, ami all other persons in amity with ns, fading to the Newfound lands for hsh.n,^ as he.'etof...e,th..y have com.nonly used, or being driven by fo.-ce of a ten.post, or shipwreck only excepted) ; and those persons, and every of the.n, with their ships, vessels, goo.ls and furniture to detamand 1 sess as of good and lawful prize, acco.'ding to the discretion of him the said Walter l.ale.gl., h.s he.rs. and assigns, and every, or any of the.... And for nniting in .no.-e perfect Ica.rue and amity, of such countries, lands, and territories .so to be possessed and inhabited as afo.-esaid with our Realms of Er.glan.l and I. eland, and the better encouragement of men to these enterprises we do by the ,esents g.-a.it and declare that all such eou..tries, so hereafter to be possessed and inhabited as is .SO a . fi-om thenceforth shall be of the allegiance of us, our heirs and successors. And we do g,-ant to the .said Walte.' Raleiyh, his l.ei.s. an.l successors and a.ssigns, an.l to all and every of the..,, a...l t.. .11 a.,,1 eve.y other pe.'son and persons, being of our allegiance, whose names shall be noted o.- ente.ed in some of ..ur eou.-ts of leco.'.l withi.. on, Real... of K.igla...l that with the assent of the said Walter Raleigh, his heirs or a.ssigns, shall i.. his jo„r..eys for .liscovery or in the jou.neys for coiLpiest, he.vafter travel to such lan.ls, countries and territories, .s aforesaid and to the..-, an.l t.. eve.y ..f their hei.-.s. that they, ami every or any .,f th...... b.'i.ig .• J.orn within our sai.l Uealn.s of Knglau.l or I.eland, or in any other place withi.. our allegia.ice, a., .vl.ieh he.eafter shall be ...hab.t.ng with... any the lan.ls. countries and tei-ritorie.s. with such licen.sc (as afo.-e.sai.l) shall a.i.l may have all the p.ivileges of fi'ce .lenize.is an.l pe.-sons native of Englan.l, an.l within our alle- 40ffiance in such like ample manner a...l f..r.n, as if they were bo.-n ami pers.mally lesident within our . sa..l Realm of Englan.l, a..y law, cust.).n or usage to the contrary notwithstanding. And for, IS much as upon the fi...ling out, .lis.'.)ve.-i.ig, or inhabiting .)f such i-emote lands, countries andterritorie- as aforesaid, it shall be necessary, for the safety of all ...en that .shall a.lventure them- selves in thoi^i. journeys or voyages, to .letern.ine t.) live together in Christian peace an.l civil .piietness each w.th otljiM-, whe.-eby ove.-y one may, with mon; pleasure an.l pi-oHt, enjoy that whereunto they shall attai.i v'ltli g.-eat pain ami peril, we f..r us, our hei.-s and succes.s.).-s a.-e likewise pleased and con- tented, an.l by these p.esents do give an.l g.-ant to the sai.l Walter Raleigh, his hei.-s and a,ssigns for ever, that he an.l they, an.l every or any of the.n, shall and may from time to time for ever heroafter, within the .sai.l .ne-itione.l i-emote lan.ls an.l cuntries in the way by the s.>as thith.r ; an.l froi.i thence' ..,...,.. r.. 1 1 .. ...I __ I .1 • . . . . . ' Joint Al'l'K.NDlX. Sec. xrr. CliurtiT from (.fiti'i'ii Kliziilx'tli to Sir W.'iltiT UmleiLrl:, l!.')th .Mairli, 1 -)St. 50 havi! full an.l ..lei-e power an.l auth.uity to co.rect, punish par .Ion govern an.l rule by their an.l every or any of their go.Kl tlisci-etions an.l |)oiieies. as well in causes capital or crimin"l as civil, both marine and othei-, and all such our subjects as .shall from time to time adventure the.nselves in the said journeys 696 Appkn Z.. "••.7'>-'^^7' "•• "-at shall at any ti.no hereafter inhahit any such land sw. xn. iiiid, or that shall abide within 200 Raleigh, his heirs or assif'iis, or leagues o )f hi s, countries or territories as aforc- any of the said place or places where the said Walter M.:oi!„na,u.. " a- ■- "-•» m assigns, or any ot h.s or their associates w. ou.noanies, snail miiahit witiiin six ^^■^^ to b t" -vo nm \7l' r "f '•"'°"^' '"'' ^"'"'^ "'• "">• "^ ^'"'"■'' •!-'-'' <"■ -tal.lished. for the Sir Walter ^^^^^^ government of the said people as aforesaid Ral.'iL'li, i-.th Marcli, 1584. a-nJabletirr ^'^'ijf V'"'"'"'' ''"•^' ""^ '^'"'^''""^'^^ ""^>' '^'^ ^^ "-'• '^'^ conveniently may he ^o a!a ts tt e tr ei; A ''7.^'^'"'"' .ovennnent. or policy of England, an.l also so as' they he iioL ai^ainsD tne true Oliristian faith, now professed in the Pliiir,.!. r^f i<\, i i • ■ a..w any of the sul^ects or people ;f thoL La': X^^::^^ I'S^ ;i:":f 7Z:iX::^\ 10 successors, as their i.nmodiate Sovereign under God. 't„i,incc ot us, our hens and 10 And further, we do by these presents for us, our heirs and successors -nve an' ^^'^ ^"-' ^^ time, and licenet 1j w^^^^^^^^^ ''""" """'r ^'^ ^-l'^- I'y virtue of these presents, authorize and elveTo bv e ' '^"'"f \'"'^ l!":-^ ""'^ '^-'^"^«- -J '^very or any of then, by him. and by them- selves o, by their, or any of their sufFic.n.t attorneys, .leputies, officers, ministers fLtors and servants or any of them, with such other necessaries and commodities of any our realms as to the said f ^ 1 ;r:;^'InZZ:r';"^ P^vy (.oundUf u. our 1.,.. anisi^Xt^^et^ .' foTthe b tter eliTan TJ'^ r," '''"'" "'■^"'"'" "'" '''^^'•^^'""^' ^'-"-^''^^ "'-t -'^ convenient or a of he „t^ f , r"'^'";!'''^''"" "^ '"'"• ^'-" ^-''^ ^Valter Kaleigh, his heirs and a.ssigns. and every z^t:th:c:::;ijirr;-;z^^^^^^^^ priniitf ft:;;ru::;?;,::a:d ;:^rtr :h 1 ; r ^" "^ "^^^^^ ^^"^'-^ ^^ -' ^"^^^^>-^ '^*"«^- their l.ense or appointment, sl^i::!; U^li^-'ullt::!:^^^^^^^ b'sr^^rHr': li^ any act of unjust or unlawful hostility, to any of the subiects of us n,u- , l, of the sui^ieets of i.y the kings. prinL. ruie^ .ot^:^? I^^ii ' ' i: 1:;:^^!:::: z '' prince, rule .gov en.or, or estate, or their subjects, we, our heirs and successors, shall make open prochi- mation within any the ports of our Realm of England, that the said Walter Rale In i assigns and adhe^nts, .. any to who.u these our letters patent may :xt^ slaU tS . he ^ n.:; both we and the said princes, or others so complaining, may hold us ai.d themselves fully content./ ^.iiJ^TL^.^7'''^''' ^''':'"'' "^ '"'^^'""' --^-.^'-11 not make or cause to be made «at sfaction aceonlmgly, within sueh time so to be limited, that then it shall be lawful to us our heirs andsuccessors, o put the said Walter Raleigh, his heirs and assigns and a-lherents, a,! d the h.l^ 40 t nts f the said places to be discovered (a. is aforesaid) or any of them out of our alle.ian e a, p o- te t -n ; and that from and after such time of putting out of protection the said Waker R d i l/ is p izr::;;: e'tjr;'" ^f;^--- ^° '-^ i-^ ""^- -"» t.. said places within their hab^ti : nurTe wi^h h rrf T ""'" ' '"^"'""^" ""' P'-''^^^''^". '"^'' f-e for all princes an.l others, to dT:L nt t ' 'iZ :"'' "'"r"" .subjects, nor by us any way to be avouched, maintained o Uc ended, nor to be liolden as any of oi.rs, nor to our protection or dominion, or alle-riance anv way belonging, for that express mention of the clear yearly value of the certaintv o the ,;" s,. or Zy W....,r Raleigh, before this fc„„e made i„ these presents be not expressed. or any other grant, ordinance 697 or any other thing, cause or mutter whatsoever, in any wis,' notwithstamiiny. L. witness whereof, wo have cuise,! these o,.r letters t<. be made patents. Witness ourselves, at Westminster, the 2,Hh day of March, in the six-and-twentieth year of our reign. •' VIRGINIA CHAllTIiR-SECOND CIIARTEIi OF KING JAMES. 1 GOO Kir.g JAMES the First's Second Charter t. tl,e Treasurer and Company for Virl^inia, ereetin. them n.o a lorporat.on and Jiody-politic, and f„r the further enlargement and explanation'or the privileges of the said Co.npany and f rst Colony of Virginia. Dated March i;J, lUOl). ^^ Faith ■ l^^^ T^' \J ."" ?'■''' 1 ^^'"'' '^'"° "^ ^"''^"'^' ^''"^l'"^''' ^■'■•-'-^ '-^'"1 I'''-'''^"'!. ^>^f--J^''- of the .1 \ f^ V 'r ,'"'" ''"'' P''"'''"'' ^''^^'^ co,ne,greetin,r Whereas, at the humble suit and m lest of sundry o our lov.n, and well-disposed subjects, intending t„ deduce a colonv, and to make habita ion and plan at.on ot sundry of our people, in that part of Ameri.-a, commonly called N'ir. ni. ^^^ol^^Cl-T'^v"^' '" America, either appertoining unto Us. or whid/are not act^rii;' po,sst.ssed 01 any Chns .an Prmee or people, within certain l,ounds and n-gions, we ],ave forn.eriv by our etter pa ents. bearing ate the tenth d.y of April, in the fourth yeaV of our reign of E diu d l^^ Z\ : r\ '"''"^' '!" "'— l-^'-^i«t'b ^"-anted to Sir Thomas Gates, Sir G^.-rge theTsho.?n "?' :;■ ' ,'"""■ •'^^""'^ ~l.lishment of the said plantation and habitation, that they should divide them.selves into two colonies, the one consisting of .livers kni-dits .entk nen knights, gent en.en. and others, of our cities of ]?ri.stol, Exeter, and town of Plymouth. !.nd other a^ .::g: at'a'- 'r ^^'^^ ' ^^"'"^' ^"' '"'' ^'"^^•■"-^"^ ''''-''■ ^^ '^ '- -^^ '^^^- ^--^ -- of fh!^' ^'T' f ""'T'""^' ^"1'?'"' ""^ """''^ '''■ ""•■ ^ '^'"^ ^"'^i'^'^^^' ^^ ^^'^" adventurers, as planters of the .said hrst colony, winch have already engaged themselves in furthering the busine.ss of he saTd colony and plantafou, and do further intend, by the assistance of Abnighty G .d, to prosecute t si e tiraSu" V " ■^'"'"■■^ ""^" ''''''''' (i"-i.ectto theif great charges and 30 of tae. said country We would be ple.used to grant them a further enlargement and expli.at, on of he sa.d grant, pnvdeges, and liberties, and that such couneillor.s, and other officers, may Reappointed a nongst them, o manage and direct their affairs, as are willing and ready to adventure with en. a, also who.se dwell.,.,, are not , so far remote fro,„ the city of London, but that thev n.ay. at convenilmt times, be ready at hand, to give their advice and assista.ice, upon all occasions .-e.juisite onm,!\'V^^'';f'''""^' f r^-"' "r """"''""' l''-''^-^-^"^''^" and happy success of the said plantation, and commenduig their good .lesnu. the.-ein, for their fu.ther encourage.nent in acco.nplishing so oxcell mt a work much pleasi..g to God, and profitable to our kingdom, .lo, of our especial g.^ce. an.l certain knowledge, and n.ere mot.o., for Us our hei.s. and successo.-s, give. g,-ant. and confir..,. to our trusty and well-be oved subjects, l.e.e follow the n.n.es;] and to .such, an 1 ,so n.any, as they do, or shall 40 hereafter, admit to be joined with them, in form he.eafter in these p,ese..ls exp,v,s..d, whether thev go in the.r persons, to be planters there in the said pla.,(atio.., or whether they go not, but a.lventuro their money,s, goods, or chattels ; that they .shall be one body or cm„„.„nalty perpetual. a..d .shall have perpetual .succes.s.on. and one common seal, to .se.-ve for the said body or cou.n.omdty : a..d that thev a.id ti.e.r succes.so.s shall be k,.ow.,, calle.l, and i..eorpomled by th... ..nn.e of The T,ea.su.-er and Company of Adventure's and Planters, of the City of London, for the first Colony in Vi.ginia. IV. And that they, and their succe.ssors, shall be, f.-ou, hencelo.-th, for eve e..al.le,l to take acqun-e, and purchase, by the name alo.e.sai.U/a.r/w»' for (he same, from . . tir heir, or .u,rr.s,nJ Joint Api'K.vnix, S.;c. XII. MiitciiUirieouii. Clmrtcr fri>m Kliz;il)fth to Sir WiiltiT l{.il.MU'h, i^itli Mai oh, 1584. N'iririnia Cliarti r, L'.Ird Murt'li, ItiO'.K firdt mUf Uui( il/i( ■ '"■'"" "'" '^'""''"'' ""^" ^''" '^f'^''^-''' ^^^ -1'-^ near the mouth of the sai.l ril^wh . i^L , t " ; ?■>""" f'^' '""'^"^ ^'""'"""^'- ^'^'"^^^ P..C.OUS stones, and .11 other whatsoever.be it of ston.., n.otals, or of any other tl"' f^ matter whatsoever, found or to be found, within the country, isles and Hunts aforesaid And furthennor the patronages and advow.sons of all churches, which (as Christian religion sha.l increase within tie ounu v sles. rs ets, and huu s aforesa,,!) shall happen hereafter to be erected; together with lice ce and rw^-' tobuildandoundchurces chapels, an 1 oratories la convenient and Kt. places with r hrlmL ' and to cause hem to be dedK-ated and consecrated according to the ecclesiastical laws of our kin" lo n «f Engknd: togeher w.th all and lingular the like, and as au,ple rights, jurisdictions pHvu"" preroga u-es, roya t., s, i.bert.es. inununities, royal rights and franchises, of wla kind soever Te m orl ' aswellbyseaaslyland.w,thin the country, isles, islets, and limits afores.dd ; to Ikw e xer^^^^^^^^^ 30 and enjoy the sa,ne. as amply as any l,ishop of Durban, within the bishoprick or .oua ; pi nV Durha,n..n our kmg. lorn of Englan.l, hath at any tin.e heretofore had, held, used, or eniom " of right ougl .. or nught have had, held, used, or enjoyed. ^ ^ ' And hini the sai.l now Lord B.lti.nore, his heirs and assigns, we do by these presents for us our heirs and successors make create, and constitute the true and abs ,lute lords and proprietaries of the sa.d country aforesaid, .ml of all other the premises, (except before excepted) saving a wa^ the ah and allegian,.,, and sovereign dominion due unto us, our heirs and succlssors. To have hob ..ossel and enjoy the said country isles, inlets, and other the premises, unto the said now Lord B I imo hTs a^Ta::it:r:;r ^ '''' ^"' ''''-' -^^ ^-^ '-'-' -' '-^ ''- --^^ - ^--^ «'"^'— - >>'« ^^ *' count^J" ^; !;"f ".''[:''• °»'; '^•'•'^ ""^^ «»««<=-ors, Kings of Englan.l.as of our castle of Windsor, in our knights servic; yielding and paying tl,erefore to us, our heirs and successors, two Indian arr;ws o^ also U rS'h ! ; n""" T "T t' """' °^ ^''"''^•"■' '''""'y y^'"' '•-' '^^-^^^^y - ^^-^-^^er week, and happen tt be ^o^nd "'"' "'"''" '^" '•""'' ''^'''''"'''^' ^'^'^'' ^'^^'' f^«'" ^'""^ *» "•^'^. n^r/Tlf"* -^fV^'? country, thus by us granted and described, may l>e eminent above all other parts of the said territory, and dignitieJ with largo titles. Know ye, that we, of our further grace certain knowledge, and mere motion, have thought tit to erect the same country and islands itto a province; as out of the fulness of our royal power and prerogative, we do for us. our heirs and "" rrruThftveTt i'iled''*'"'^"''''^ ^"""^ '""^ " ^'"''""'' *""^ "^^ "*" '' Maryland, and so from henceforth JOWT ApI'K.NUU. SecTxiI. Miieellaneoui. Maryland Charter f ranted to lialtimure, 28th June, 1GS2. 700 yl,iS,., , , '*";' ""•"""111 »« wc l»vo hcrel.y n,„lo .„d „r,l,i„o,l tl,« ,f„r„„i,l „™ !,„„, n„|ii,„„„ ,,,„ ,„„ Afitpfftnntttun. Maiyliuiil < liiirtir franti'il tii H;iltiiii.)ri', I'Nth .Imiu, 1032. u.,|,i i- ,. „ , . • ' •' — ."■"■• r..'v„„-Mi <-ircmiisp(.cri(m ot tie mud now Lord 11.111 midu-, tor ii.s, our ht'ir.s aiK .succi'ssois. do L'raiit fi.... full ..i„i i i . i ■ r,r..v...,t * !■ 11- 1 • „ "^, 'lu t,i.mi; rut, lull, iiiKl uUsoliite power, hy v rtiio of tln^sn al<.ng awa,- .non,!... o,- li,. eal...,- .,• ,,i,a tl,. sai.l now Loni Baltin.o^, an. 1. f 1 d s I " t Jr their .Ie,,ut.e.s, lieutenants, ju,l;.e,s, justices, inMfrist.ate.s, oiK,.er,s an,l n. nist-rs t 1' appo„.te.I, acconlin, to tl.e tenor an.i true inte.aion of the.se K- 1 ' e'w e f "J "","«»• "'"■■I' ' H- "»l>l«o e»tnlJi..l„„c„t of ,i„„,i„ M.t,, co,„l« ,. H„ i „,, | L i f ° "! iw:r:;,:K '';:;'''■■ v''.r"''v'r''"' ",- '■'■'""«' ""'■°' '■' "-- ^'^^"^^-^1^^^:::^ tl.t.tot, .indlo J|"IK''« b'tiieUMlele-atecI to awani process, hoM pleas an.l .1 .tcrinino in „11 , , courts and tribunals, all actions, Hui.,s,nn.| causes whatsoever as we I cH i ' . '"'''' nuxt, an.l pnelorcal, w.,ich laws, so, .. aforesaid, to b ^iL:l Z^, I :;;d ' ' ' "'"' re^uir. and conun.id. shall be n.ost abs..,ute an.l availa, l in law ] I, ^T ^ ^ ' - ^ ;:J:Z Mab ects of us, our he.rs an. successors, ,]o ob.serve an.l keep the .same imiolably, in th. s; pa 7s .o S n..y be, .«„.!,,« .„ ,w ,a„s, .t,,.,,,™. .,,.1 n„,„. „f .1,1, :,X;:;C7 i;:^' ' for the better goverrnnent of the .said province, I. will an.l .u-.lain a v tl v n • ^^^^^-'^<-o, heirs and successors, do .rnmt unt.) the Wu] „ w I .1 u u- ''""' *" '' "-^ f'^se pie.sent.s, (or us, our ♦1,„;.. ...-f , > r''"''.""^* ""- ■^'^"' ""W Lor.1 Baltimore, and his he i-N, by themselves or bv their imigistrates an.l oflicers, in that behalf .luly t., i,e ordain..,! ,.. .,f .... „■ i * , '"^"' t'^c.s. or by fit and whole,so.ne .,r.linan,...s, from time t.. time w r in ' i ."'"'''' '""' "^"^''^"^« nances, our pleasure is, shall be .d.^erved inviolably within H .. «..i l . • . ' ''" : t :;:=:^j;-.::s:,';;:i:;t.:'r,;;;;:i rr :^."r ^^-"t ■■'--;'-'» .„y pc.„o„ or pe,™.,, .. of Acir ,i,.. „e,„bL. i:,:;;;;;:^:':'^;,;;,;:!;: """'' "" '""" "- ""°""' " b « p,c»„„, p,„„,, l,e„„co, „„1 m.rty, „„t„ „„ u,= li,.,,„ people „„,, .„,„,;„ 'l ,," ' . Im '" future, .„,. „., o,„ be... .„a ,.,„.».. („«ep.i„„ .,„. rt„ rt.'ll 'be .peei.lly Jo.biJd.I), to t;.;,,;;;! 701 iltimoro, the true '^liif,' spt'i'ial tni.st 3 said now Lord ' virttio of tlifHo , to onliiin, make, iiunto the pulilic iiif,' to tlu'ir best I piDviiicc, or tlie siiid lavv.s, when ir.s,slialla.s.seinl)Io 10 execute upon all jonstituted under linj,' fVoiii thence ■s, inipiisonuient, L'e ic(iuire it, by iis, or by Ills or be ordained or to appoint and for what cause jre, or his lieirs 20 ore jud^Miient or ■ other thing or Lainals, forms of lion bo not made in all the said, il, personal, real, I so we enjoin, Jgo people and, sc parts, so far I'd nevertheless, 30 as conveniently ) often happen Dvince, or their onvenient, that her ; therefore, 'nts, for us, our Jin^elvcs, or by and eonstituto III observed, as 40 idiiibitin^f, and i; which ordi- ■uns therein to r contrary, but gland ; and so t or interest of ;ude of people • of savages, or and grant, by jq 1 pr!'.';<^!it and , to transport, themselves and families unto the said province, with convenient sh there to settle thcinsclves d rping, and fitting provisions, and re to settie themselves, dwell and inhahit, ami ,o buil.l „„d tbrtity castles, A.rts, ami other places m!"r^t fr"r'''"'t'"'''' ""■''■""" l"i^''"-''"""-.at the appointment of the said now Lo.'d Haiti :;:;wrmr;;n;.;!b.r ""'""''"" "^ ^"^ ''''" ^'^^--'^^ --->• -^ ^"M..-....il;s ■. And we will also and of our more special grace, for us, our heirs and successors we do strictiv '^n:2' : "d i'T '^"i' «"""-'"'• ''-^ ""■ -''' r—e shall be of our al,egian:.^nd U^Z '1 1 en I ■' ' "!" ^''T '"'"''''■ "* "■''' "'"■ '"■''••^ '*"J successors, transported .Tr to be transported ki, lion o tu 1 M ' " 7 If " ''""'"■'" "•"' """"-^ "'■ "■^' '^"'- '-i''^ »"•• -"-•«-o>-. "four k .y o ns ot Kngland and Ireland, and be in all things held, treated, reput.-l and esteeu.ed as the lic^e a du people ot us, our heirs and successors, born within our kingdo.l. of Kngiaud ; a Cwt ^ F hn rr" •;■ ""'""r' •■"•""" ""' '^"""- ''--"^--"''^ whatsoever, Within our ki " 'i o"^ England, and o her our donun.ons, „,ay inherit, or otherwise purchase, receive, take have hdd buy am possess, and them may occupy and enjoy, give, sell, alien Vnd I.e,ueath, ^s likewiral 1 i.ert i^" franchises and pnvdeges, of this our kingdom of Kngland, lre,dv, ip.i Itlv a .d p ..^ U v a . .d wh so "'"f "^': ''' '''^ "'^^'^'"^ "' ''^' '''' I"'"'^'"-'' ^"" "-'"- t" '-l^' and freil 'any rts" whatsoever, o us. our he.rs and successors, into the sai.l province of Marylaml, by them^h is rva^^^^^^ o a^^ns,to transport all and singular their goods, wares, and u.erclundis s, vs like v se I^ 3^ g.am wha soever, and all other things whatsoever nec-ssary for food or clothin,: not prohibit 1 v the laws and statute-, of our kingdon.s and dominions to be carried out of the said k „ l.C l^^s atu e 30: i'orr.""'"'." ■'■ T' "'"^'^'^"■^■'" ''^'"' ^""'™->' >-t-^'-t.anding, without riZrml^^ tat on of us, our hcirs and .successors, or of any the heirs of us, our heirs anTi successors : sav n a ways o us, our hen-sand successors, the legal impositions, customs, and other duties and payne :' rthe well t?" he"";,;;"';,"""? " """?■ t' ^'""^^^ ""• ^" """^' '"■'"•""^ '"^^'""^' ^'^ ----- a, well ot the savages themselves, as ot other enemies, pirates, and robbers, u.ay probably be feare.l anl now Lo d Bait more, h.s luMrs and assigns, by theu.selves or their captains, or o her their -dhcers to evy, muster, and trau. all sorts of men, of what condition, or wheresoever born, in the said pr vi "e ot Maryland, for the tune be„.g, and to n.akc war, and pursue the eneunes and robbers afor said a 40 well by sea as by land, yen, even without th. liuiits of the said province, and ,by God's assista" )' To yan,u.sh and take them ; and being taken, to put tliem f. death, by the law of war, or to slv tl ^ the.r pleasure; and to do al ami every other thing which unto the charge and office of a c,n ain general of an arn.v be ongeth, or hath accustou.ed to belong, as fully and freely as any eaptai„-g ne al of an army hath ever had the same. -^ ^ I feeneiai Also, our will and pleasure is. and by this our charter, we .lo give unto the sai.l now Lord BaU.n.ore h,s he.rs and assigns, full power, I rty and authority, in case of rebellion, tun.ult or BedituH, .f any should happen (which (Jod forbid) either upon the land, within the provine. aforesaid or upon the n.a.n sea, ui n.aking a voyage thither, or returning fro.n thence by then.selves or thei^ captains, deputies, or other ofHcers, to be authorized under their seals for that purpose fto whom we Joint Appendix, - ./irrE.Ni Sto. XII. Miaceilanmni, Mnrylimd CliiirtiT irrHiitpii to I-i.nl Itultiiiiore, •-'stli.hiiit!, Hi:)-'. 50 tnr U-, i>ur heirs anf! sucecs.si)rs. do jjivo and ;raiu exercise martial law agiinst mutinous ami seditious persons of t by these presents, full po«er and authority) to those parts, such as shall refuae to JoUfT ArrtuMx. Sec. xir. MiiMtlaneoiii, Miiryland Churt«r granted to Jjiird Ilaltimore, 702 the law, custom, a,„l .|isci,.lint ,„ilif,„J'T' , . • "t''"'-^vay.s however ..ffen.lin^. a.ai.mt ^TZ: desire to .i.serve well i.s^ , . In I "'''' V'"^"""'-'^ ""'" ''-^ I— >t phvntation, «n,l shall country : There J w f" To I'tt '.":"'' '" T"- "".' "'''■' '" ^" '"' •"^*'^"' -"' -""^^« "^ now Lord Baltimore. }^Z^^'Z^l"f TT '"" '"" ""' "''"''''' P"^*"" ""^^'^'^ ^^''^ tants. within the proZ.ZZ^.n^.u7 /r"'"' ""r'''^ '^"'' '""""'•^' '"""" -<='' '"'-^'i" di,.ntie.s soever ..'he .1 1 1 1 k " 'ot h X: t '>'"'' "'' '" '""'•^' ^'"-"" "'^'' ^'^^ ^'^'^ -^'l ^" erect and incorporate town t. Ll" ." Z I 7 " "" """ ""'' '" ''"-''^"^'■^ "^^ '"<««''- *« i.nn.n..ities. ae^.iin, to the :::^r^^ ^^i:.!:::^.:!:::^:^: ^::^^^ "t'T "-" warrant than in the.e ^J^Z Z::^:^'^'' ''''''''''" '''^''''" " '"'-" "P^''^' ~andnlt and this c!::a;t:':ri:^ ';r:rc£^t::::^ • t^^°' ^r^™' •'" «'- -' ^-^ "-- ^-v dwellers in the said pnn inee aZes i ,! ^;: ^^^^^^ '"7!^' '^"^ ^° *» ^^o inhabitant, and their servants, factors or assigns all m 'r h n j^'^'^'^^'"' " ^"•""'- ^'^ ""P"'*. '"'lade, by themselves or and con,„.odities of tl^ s" ^^ i;; eT'^ l^^l Tnd or'^ " "'^°""T' u"' ^'"" '^'■'^" "^ ^^^ ''•'"'« ''^ successors, in our kin.do.ns kX ul ' . In l^' T "'^ '^' P'^''*'' "^ "''' "'"• ^^'^''^ '^"J pons, ami if need be, withinlt ^ n.^; a;;"";::: c^ i! r ' t: lid: z' '-''■ --'- r' and goods again, int.. the same or other ships and to exnort"f I \ . '""'' '"^''^handizos onr donnnion or foreign (being in an.ity wit^h': h r! Tcro"^ Tt f :T"''\f'''' ""^ -.^^we Will not th. the inhabitaL^^ th^ l:^!^^:^' ^'tX^-:^. ^ ^:;^X ..• "^:^::T::::z::;::t:i::^^ -^ - -io. we do. 30 absolute power and authority to n.ake erec and c . sHn^ B.t Itimore. Ins he.n. and assigns, full and the isles and islets aforesaid such and 's/mairv rn r '' T T"' P"""^'' '' **^'-^''^""^- ^^ charging and nnh.ding of goods and n e;c 1^ "w o^ " ""' "^''"' ''''''''• ''"'• ''- then, in such and so manvpla.-es and w H h ri" I ? '"' "'*' ""'^ °^'"''" ^''^■^'-"'■^' ""'' '-""g the said ports belonging. as\o hi„. or't^lm Ihall ' f ^ r'::;::^;^ ^l)?;;^- ^f 1^"^^- -tt 8h.ps. boats and other vessels, which shall con.e for n.erclZ i.I, V I'' '^ ' ,""' ""«"''^'- ^^« of the s,.n.o, shall depart, shall be laden or unladen onlv 7 h rt J ' In ""' ''"""'=^' '' °"^ tuted by the said now Lord Baltin.ore, hi- heirs and a si 1 ' ' '" "■'"^''-"' "'"' «""''^'- contrary notwithstanding: saving always „„to' us. .mrl^M.Va f smLTr'""' "V^'ir/'"'""'^ ^° ^'^^ our kingdon.s of England and Ireland) of us our heirs an I le '"'T "' ""'' *' "" ''"' ■'"''J"^^'' ^"^ *^ as well in the sea, bays, inlets, and navigabl rive as i";:;"' T "^'r "' "■^'''"^' '''' ''•'' '^•^''■ aforesaid, and the privileges of saltin-. al.d "''^^^ privileges, nevertheless, the subjects aforesaid uouhei."?'' ''" ""' ' "^''^^ ''^•^••^'- ^-^ notable dan.age. or injury to be" done to aid now Id Uu '"''T'l •''" "'^'''^ "'^''""^ ^"^ dwellers and inhabitants of the said province irTthe oT.rVs ^ I T" ^' ^'"''^ "•" "''■^'^'"''- "' *<> ^^e in the WOO..S ami copses growing wi/h.n tr;:" l'^ C A:^i;:ltr f '''''"' 7^''^'^ .njnry, he shall incur the heavy displeasure of us our heirs and .V ^ ^"^ ""■'' '^'^'"'^'^ «"• and shall uion-oyer make satisfactivU. ■■'Uccessors. the pui.ishment of the iaws^ 50 or shall fly to the ofTi'iKlini,' a^'aiiist u as any capuin- lor prochnh^I and ntation, aiiil shall lilt and remote a wer unto the said poll such inhahi- h what titles and 1^ ul,)as likewise to It priviiii_ro.s ami do ail anil evory et and requiHite ; iiimandiiR'nt and Riunt lieenso, hy inhabitants and Ijy tlieni.selvos or ■iw of the fruits 20 us, our heii-H and :o<) motion, we do, 30 assi^rns, full and F Maryland, and plact's, for di.s- nuIh, and lading privileges unto lid singular the province, or out !te(l and consti- r things to the the subjects (of 40 irig for sea fish, of the province ■ovinee, and lor gfs and sheds ;h liberties and y without any igns, oi to the and especially ich damage or Silt of the laws,. 50 703 w. do grant unt. the s«,d now Lor.l Baltimore, his hoir« and assigns, that he the said Lord Hal.in.ore m .tb "tl'.r creeks an.l places aforesai.i, wi.hin the province aforesaid, payable or -bie f„r m dutuhzes and wares there to be lade,l and unladed ; the ^aid customs and subsi.lies to be .J lb r h:se?.'"'Vrr""""^ .y tliemselves an.l the pc.ple there, as aforesaid, to whom we g vT w 10 and ^antedtnd bv th.'7"'"' 7T' "' "' "^ "'•*"" '"°"'"'«^' ''"'^ "^^ -«'-"■ -^ ''*ve given to hold to them the sai.l person or persons willing to take or purchase the same their heirs and ^ gns ,„ fee snnple, or u. fee tail, or for the term of life or lives, or yea.., to be held ; tl d now now Lord Baltimore, h.s he.rs and assigns, and not i,„n.ediateiy of us, our heirs or successors Zd to the san,e person or persons, and to all and every of them, we do give and grant by these nresen ts 20 for us. our hens and successors, lieence. authon.y and power, that such person or pe sons It Tke the prenusea, or any parcel thereof, of the said now Lord Baltimore, his heirs or assigrs. and t le su e h 1 to themselves, the.r hens or assigns, in what estate of inheritance soever, in fee simple, or in Z ail or otherw.se, as to the.n and the now Lo.d Haltimo... his heirs and assigns, shall se L.. ex,,edie..t • the statute made ,„ the parliament of Edward, son of Ki.,g Henry, la.e King of England, our p d Jssor con....o,dy called the statute '• Quia en.ptorr. terrannn;' lately published in our kin-.l ,.n of E. and T; any other statute, act, ordinance, use, law or custom, or any olher thing, eause oT .. t r t ^^^^^^ heretofore had, done, pubi.shed, o.-dained or p.-ovi,led to the cont.ary, in a,.y wise notwithstanding^ And by these presents we give and grant licence unto the said now Lo,d Baltimo.e and his heirs' to erect any parcels of land w„h,n the province aforesaid into mano.s. in every the said manors to have 30 and to ho Id v,ew of f.ank pledge (for the conservation of the peace, and the better goven.ment of those parts) by the.nse ves or the.r stewards, or by the lo.ds, for the ti.ne being, of other .ninors to be dep ted when they shall be erected, and in the same to use all things bel.mging to view of frank pledge. ' And furthe.- our plea.su re is, and by these presents, for us, our hei.-s and suecesso,-s, we do^covenant and g.-ant to a,»d w.th the sa.d now Lo..! Balti...o.e, and his heir- and assigns, that wo, our hoi.-s an successors, shall at no t.me hereafter set, .nake, or cause to set any i.nposition, custom or other taxati-.n rate, or contnb,.t.on whatsoever, in and upon the dwelle,-s and inhabitants of the afo.-esaid province for the.r lands, tenements, goods, or chattels within the said province, or in or upon any goods or .ne.-cha.i d.ze within the sa.d province, or to be laden or unladen within the ports or ha.-bou.s of the said p.ovince zn f °"';,IV"''""; ••'• ''";'/"'■ "^' ""•• '>«"•« •'"•' successors, we charge and com.nand, that this our decla.a-" 40 t.on shall henceforwa.d, f.om t.me to time, be received ami allowed in all our courts, and before all the judges of us. our heirs and successors, for a sutHeient and lawful discha.ge, payment and acquittance- com.nnnding all and singular our officers and ministers of us, our heirs and successors, and enioininJ then, upon pa.n of our high displeasure, that they do not p.-esume, at anv ti.ne, to attempt r.iy thin" to the contrary of the p.-emises, or that they do in any sort withstand the same; buM,,... they be at all times a.d.ng and assisting, as fitting, unt«, the said now Lord Baltimore, and his heirs and U^ the inhabi tants and merchants of Maryland aforesaid, their se.va.its. ministers, facto.s, and assig. s. in the full use and fruition of the benefit of this our charter. ° Ami fui-ther, our pleasure is, and by tiie.se p.esents, for us, our heii-s and successors, we the tenants and inhabitants of the said 50 province of Marylan.i, both present and t., co.ne. and to every of thara, that the said province, tenants. •Tomr ApPKNmi. Hw. \ir. 5 Mtfffllnnfoui, AtiirylHtid ( <'li:irt«r grniiUsl to I/iiril linlliinerf>, '-'Htli .luiie, 1(W2. Joint API'KMDIX. SreTxir. Maivlniiil < li.irttT tM l^inl ItiiltiiiiDn', 2Ktli . I line, Ponnnylvania Charter Kriuitfd to William Ppiiii, 'JHtli Keliruuiy, 1««2. 704 or as part of th. lav of \ „.,M...a, or of any otl.,-.. color.y what,soov...r. now transporto.l „r hereaft-r to hj tn.„.sportc..l ; nor .sl.alU.o l.o .l..p..n,lin«on,or subjoct to. their Kovornnu-nt in a v thing, fmn. wh >. 1 w ios.-pu,atc,thatan.lthon. Ami our ploa.no i.s, l.y thes. pr,....., tl,at they' bo 4arat«.l. a . hi they be .snl.ject .nuncl.afely to o„r crown of E,..|an,|, as ,lepon,li„^. thereof for ever And .f perchance hiTeafter it shouhj happen any .h.ubts or .p.e.tion.s .shouhi arise conoernin. the t. sense or nn.lerst.n,|.n,o, any wonl. clause or Hontenco contaia.l in thi. our present chart.;, we «.i,or,lannuulco„Hnan.l, that at all tin.es. .n-l in ail thin -s, such interpretation be n.a.le thereof 1 ^1;;^"'; r,;7r^^''r^'r^"'" '^•^ ^'"^" ""'^''j'"''^'-"' -"-^ a.ivanta,„ous ami favour : It t . • I \ '•;'";,"","• "'^ »'••'" -"• --«- ; P-vi.I«.l always, that ;o interpretation be 10 t ese p, sents of the true yearly value or certainty of the prenuso., or of any part thereof, or of other futut TV ' '"• •""■ '"'"''"""'"•" '"• I"-"''~-. ■""" tl.e sai.l now Lonl Baltimore, or any ™V1 1 T. r"';,'''';?"'''- •"•"^•''^""^^"" "•• -"■'untheretofon.hacl.n.a,le,publish..,l, o^huneJ. witir,uH^ ' "' ""'"'• ""■ """" ^•'"^^-•'^«'- ^« ^''*" '^-'trury thereof, in any wise not^ In witness. &c., Witness Ourself, at Westn.n.ter, the twenty-eighth .lay of June, A.D. 1032 in the eiyhth year of our reign. . •■ • loo^i, m By Writ of Privy Seal. 20 PENNSYLVANIA ClIARTKR. 1G8?. (.RANTED HV KiNU CilAlU,KS II. ,N THK FotruTKKNTH YeAFI OF Ills ReIO.V. Prima Par, rutentium dr Amio lieyni Iteyis Cauoh Secundi Triceniuio Tertio. CHARLES the Second, &c.. to all to whom these i.resents nhall con.e, greeting : Penn^?"'"' ^ ^T^ ""' T'"-''^''"^'^'l -'''J-'t ^^'"ian. Penn, e.p.ire, son and heir of Sir William Pnn deceased, out o e nendable desire to enlarge our English empire, and promote such nlluZ mo l.t.es an n.ay be of benefit to us, and our don.inions; a.s also to re.luce th. savage natives by . t to trans,, or an ample colony „..to a certain country hereinafter described, in the parts „f An.eHca no yet cultwated and planted ; ami hath likewise hun.bly besought our Royal Majes y to give -Zt am ,n n I ":; : tr ":""'•■■ ""',"■""'" f"""^-^-^ '"^"^ J»n.^.iiotions re-pnsite itr the go I got! nl '' and safety of the said country and colony, to him and his h. irs, for ever ; feovtinmcnt Willi'u"''p ^'"' "'71'"'': '^'''"^ ^^^' ^'^^""••i"y tl'-- Pt-tition and' goo.l purpose of the said 1 Penn, and haying regard to the n.emory and merits of his late 'father i di e •se. vices and particularly to his conduct, courage and discretion, umier our dear stb the James Duke of York, in that signal battle and victory foiight and obtnine.ra.ai, 71- D t. h fleet, commanded by the Heere Van Ob.lam, in the year „.:3 thousand xh ?! ^^ five; .n consideration thereof, of our special grace, certain knowledge, and mere nut on ave c i vt n^ granted, am by this our pix-sent Charter, for us. our heirs, and successors, do giv I'! a^rto nd tl ■ ;' T' ''".'"" "•' '^"'*''"-^' "" ^''^^ ''■^''' '"• I""-^ "f '-'• - America, with all 1 e 40 islands therein cmta.ned, as the same is bounded on the east by Dela war River from twdve miles dis ance northwards of Newcastle town, unto the tliree-and-fortietlf decree of noit hi " L tT. le i l" Ha.d nver doth extend so far northwards; but if the said river shall not" extend so far no wl ds til b he sd, verso far as It doth extend; and from the head of the said river the eastern 'ud^^^^^^^ 1 f ;;.'"'," ' T'T: '""' " ''^ '^'•""" '■'•""' ^'- '^'-""' <'f *'- -i'l 'iv- unto the sail U r 1 tilt said , ,. te n bounds ; and the said lands to be bounded on the north by the be dnnin.. of the three and iortath degree o northern latitii.le. and on the south by a circle drawn at tVelve"n i e dis 1" ^om Newcastle northwards and westwards, unto the beginning of the fortieth .1.:.: '^ a iHt" latitude; and then by a straight line westwards to the limits of longitude above-menUoned 705 V\t. .I<> ftlso Kivo sn.l ffnul unto tho mv\ Willin-M Penn. Iuh heir«aii.l a -l^-ns. il... fro., an.l muiis- turl..-| u.s.-,un.l 0,uUmuiwr in.an.l p.msaKo int.., and out. .f. all an.l niajfular p,..-t«, haHnmrs, l.ayn, w.iterH. nv..rM.iHU.,s,aa,l nil..t,s UUi^'nu^ iin>.., .,rl,.a.lin,' t..an.l from tl.<- ......ntrv or isl.n.ls af..rc,sai.i an.l all tho ■oil, lands, hol.l.s wou,lM,n.lervvoo.l.s, n.ountalu.s, liilU, Inn, isles, lakes, rivers, waters, rivulets, bass ,u..i inl.-ts, situate and l.uinjr within or belonging unto the lin.itH and bounds aforesaid; together with the faslungof all sorts of Hsl, whales, Hturge.ms, an.l all n.yal an-l otii..r H.hes in the sea. bays, inlets, waters or rivers, within tho i,ren.is...s, an.l ih., fi ,h therein taken ; an.l al*. all veins, ,uin..s ..uarrirs, a.s W..II dmc.n,.re.l .ws not discovered, of gol.l. silver. ge.ns,un.l precious stoi...s.an.l all oth.-r vvhals.,ever bo It stones, metals, „r of any other thing or mall,..r whi,ts„..v..r, loun.l or to be fo.m.l within the W c.untry, ,>k^ „r limits af.aesai.l ; an.l him the aui.l William I'enn, his heirs an.l assigns, we .lo by this our royal Charter, for us, uiir heirs, an.l successors, make, create, nnd constitute the true ;uiM2. 70fi JtlINT ill H<-c. MI. ifuerlhiiimi.^. I'fimsylvani.i ChartfT grniiti'(i til Willi.iin IV'llll, L'Ntli Ki'bniarv, 1(W2. pleaKM.e ih. and so we injoiii. icniiic, aiwl cmmaiul, sliall ho most absolute an.l availaMo in law ; an.l tl.nt all ^lif li..{ri. pooj.I," an.l snliincts of ns, ,,ur lirirs and successors, said laws be eonsonant to reason, and be i.,.t repuj,'n!Uit or contrary, but. as near as conveniently may be, a^neeuble to the laws, statutes, and rights of this our kin-lom of Et.Kl'and ; and savinjr and reservin- to us, our heirs and successors, the recoivinj,', hearin^r, and determininj; of the appeal an.l appeals of all or any person or persons of. in. or belonging to the territorie.s afore^said, or toucliini,^ any jud<,'ment to be there made or given. And forasmuch as in the government of so great a country, sudden accidents do often happen, where- unto it will be nece.s.sary to apply a remedy before the freeholders of the said province, or their delegates 10 or deputies, ean be ass.-nd.led to the making of laws ; neither will it be convenient, that instantly, upon every such emergent oeeasinn, so great a multitu.le should be calle.l together; therefore, for thebette'r gov- ernment of the .said country, we will and ordain, and by these presentH, for us, our heirs and succe.s.sors, do grant unto the ,siid William Penn, and his heirs, by themselves, or by their magistrates and officrs, in that behalf duly to be ordained, as aforesaid, U) make and constitute tit and wholesome ordinances, from time to time, within the said country, to be kept and observed, as well for the preservation of the peace, as for the better government of the people there i.diabiting, an.l publicly to notify the same, to all persons'whom the same .loth ,,r may any way oneern; which ordinances, our will and pleasure is, shall be observed inviolably within the said province, under pains therein to be expi-esse.l ; ,so as the .sai.l onliiiances be con.s.)nant t.) reas..n, an.l be not repugnant nor contiary, but, so as may be agreeable to the laws of 20 our king.l.>m of Knglan.l ; and so as the said or.limin.'es be lu.t extended in any .sort,' to bind, charge, or " Uke away the right or interest of any person or persons, for or in their life, members, freel.old, uoods or chattels. *» An.l our fuither will an.l pleasure is. That the laws for regulating ami governing of property, within the sai.l province, as well for the .lesceiit an.l enj.)yment of lands? as likewi.se for the enjoyment and succession of goo.ls and ehattel.s, and likcwi.se as to fclonits, shall be an.l ontinue the same as th..>y shall b.; f.u- the time being, by the general course of the law in our king.lom of Kngland, until the .sai.l laws shall be altennl by the sai-l William Penn, his heirs or assigns, and by the freemen of the sai.l province, their .lulegates or .lei)uties, or the greater part ..f them. And to the en.l the said William IVnn, or his heirs, .)r other th.' plant.-rs, owners, or inhabitants of the said province may on not, at any time hereafter, by mi.seonstruetion of the p..wers aforesai.l, through ina.lvertency or design, depart fn.m that faith, an.l due abegiauce which, by the laws of this .)ur king.l.)m ..f Knglan.l. they and all .)ur .Mibjecfs in our .lumini.uis and territories always owe unto u.s, our heirs and .successo'rb, by coloin-.)f any ext.Mit or largeness of powers hereby given, or preten.led to be given, or by force or colour of any laws her.'after t.) be ina.le in the .sai.l province, by virtue of any such powers ; our further will an.l pleasure is, that a transcript ..r duplicate of all laws which shall be .so as aloresaid made ami pnblishe.l within the sai.l province, shall, within five years aft.'r the making thereof, bo transmitted ami .lelivered to the privy council, f.ir the time b.-in^., ..f us, our heirs an.l succL-sors ; And if any of the, sai.l laws, within si: m..nths after that they shall bo ,so transmitted and delivered, be declar.'.l by us, our h.irs an.l ..ucces.sors, in ..ur ..r their i)rivy coun.'il, inconsistent with the sovereignty 40 or lawful prer.igativ.' ..f us, our h.'irs ..rsuccess..r,s, or c.mtrary to the faitii or allegiance due by the legal government of this realm, fn.m the .sai.l William Penn, ..r his heira, or of the planters and inhabitants .)f the said province; an.l that tliereup..n any ..f the .sai.l laws shall be adju.iged and declare.l t.) be voi.l by l.s, our heirs an.l succcssoi.s, un.ler our or Uicir privy .seal ; that theii an.l fn.m thenceforth such laws, omcerning which such Judgment and declaration shall be ma.le, shall become voi.l; .)tli.rwis.. the sai.l laws so transmittci shall remain and stand in full force, according to the true intent, an.l meaning thereof. FurtluMinore, that this new colony may the more happily increase by the multitude of people reft.)rting thither, therefore we, for us, our heirs and sueccssors, do give and' grant, by theiue presents, power, licence, a.i.l liberty, unto all the liege people and subjects, both pre.sent and future, .f us'sO our heirs ami suaid William Penn, his heirs and assigns, fr<>e and absolute power to divide the said coimtry and islands int-i towns, hundreds, and ('(HMities, and to erect and incorporate towns into boroughs, and lioroughs into cities, -0 and make and constitute fairs anar next after the unlading of the .same, to lade the .said merchandizes an-l goods again into the .same or other ships, and to export the .same into any other countries dther of our d(uniiiions or foreign, acconling to l.iw : provided always, that they pay such customs ami impositions, subsidies and duties, for the same, to us, our heirs anil successors, as the rest of our subjects of our kingdom of Kngiand for the titnr lieing, shall be bound lo jmy ; and do observe the acts of navigation, and other lasvs in that behalf made. And furthermore, of our ample and special grace, certain knowledge, and mere moti.in, we do, f,,r us, our heirs and succes.sors. grant unto the said William IVuii, his heirs and jissigns, full an. I absolute 40 power and authority to make, erect, and constitute, within the said provinee, an.l the isles and islets aforesaid, such an. 708 .IiirnT APPKNDIX, S<-c. XII. Mitecllanemit. IVniiHylvania Charter ^nmtiil to IVmi, L'Sth Kf'liruary, 16S2. our Ihms ftn.l suc.essors, w do ^nmit unto the akl William Ponn. his heir-, and assigns that he the Haul W ilhani I'enn, hi.s heirs and assigns, may fn-m time to time, fur ever, have and onjoy the .ustoms and sulwhhcs in the ports, harbo.ira, and other creeks and places aforesaid, within the province afure- sa.d, payable or due for merchandizes and wares there b> he la-led and unladed; the said customs and subsidies to be reasonably assessed (upon any occasion) by themselves and the people th.Mv, as aforesaid to be assembled; to whom we give power, by these presents, for us, our heirs and successors, upon just cause, and in a due proportion, to assess and impose the same ; saving unto us, our heirs and successors, such impositions and customs, as by act of parliament are and sliall be appointed. And it is our further will and pleasure, That the said William Penn, hi.s heirs and a.ssi«ns shall from time to time, constitute and appoint an attorney or agent, to resi.le in or near our city of^London wlio .n shall make known the place where he shall dwell, or may be found, unto the clerks of our privy council for the time being, or one of them, a.id shall be ready to app.ar in any of our courts at W,.stminster. to answer for any misdemeanors that shall bo committed, or by any wilful default or neglect permitted by he said W illiam Penn, his heirs or a,s.signs, ag.inst our laws of trade and navigation ; ami after it shall bea.scerta.ned in any of our sai.l courts what .lamages we, or ..ur heirs or succes.sors, shall l-.tve sustained by such .lefault or neglect, the said William Penn, his heirs and assigns, shall pay the same within one ymr after such taxation ami demand thereof. (Von. such attorney ; or in ca.se "the.-e shall be no such attorney within the space of one year; or such attorney shall not make pavment of su-'i dama-es within the space of one year, an.l answer such other forfeitures and penalties within the .said time^as by the acts o» parliament in England are or shall be provided, accor.ling to the true intent and 20 meaning of the.se presents ; then it shall be lawful for u.s, our heirs and succ,;,sors, to seize and resume theg..vernmentof the.saidpr..vineeorcou,.try,amlthesanu: to retain until payment .shall be made thereof; but notwithstanding any such sei.nre or resumption of the government, nothing conc-rninc the pn.pr.cty ur ownership of any lands, tenements, or .,ther hereditaments, or goo-ls. or chattels of any of he adventurers, planters, or owners, other than the respective oH-enders there, shall be any way ariected or rnoiested thereby. "^ •' Provided always, and our will and plea.suie is, that neither the sai.l William Penn nor his heirs nor any other the inhabitants of the s.-.id province, shall at any tin.e hereafter have or maintain any' correspomlenee with any other King. Prince or Stav... or with any of their subjects, who .shall then bo in war aga.-.st us our hews or s.iccessors ; nor shall the sai.l William Penn. or his heirs, or anv other the 30 ...habitants ot the sa.d province, make wa.-, or do any act of hostility -.gainst atiy other King. Prince or state, or .my of the.r s.ibjects, who shall then be in leag.ie ur amity with ...s. ou.-h.ei.-s, or s..cce.s.so,x ' An.] b..cau.se in so remote a country, and sit.iate near .so uiany barbarous natio..s, the inc.;:^ions «s w,dl of tl... .savages tl.,.,ns..lves, as of othe,- enemies, pi.-ates, and rubbers, nn.y probably b,. fea,-ea tl.e.-e- ore we hi.ve g.ven and for us. our hei,-s, and success.,,., do give power by the.se pi-cse^nts. unto the said U.l..a,.. lenn.his he.rs an.l assigns, by then.M.lvs or .h..ir captain.s. or other their orti.>e,s. to levy muster, and train nl sorts of men, of what condition, or wheresoever Wn, in the .said p.ovince of emisy,,,,,,, f , „,,„„.. ,,.,i„^ ,„, ,, „,,^,,. ^^.^,,. ^^,^_, ^,_^^.^^_, ^^^^^^^^ s and roblH.rs aforesaid, .u. well U .sea, .is by lan.l, yea, even w.thout the li.nits of the .sai.l p.ovince, an.l (by (Jo.l's a.ssistanc to vampush and take then, ; a..d being taken, to put then, to .leath, by the law of war, or to sav ,. 40 at th...r ...asure ; an.l to do all and eve.-y other thing, which unt.. the cl.a.-g.. an.l o.Kce of a . .ptain' ge..e.al o, an .u„.y be ..ng.ah. or hath accustome.l to belong, as fully and f.vely as any capta...-.4eral oT an army hath ever ha,ou .,r p..,-.sons willing to take or p...,.l.as,., their hei.s a,.d assign.s, „", fee\ini,,l.. or in 50 fee t..l, or lor the torn, of life or liyes. or yea.s. to be held of the sai.l William Penn, his heiis Z^i^Z '09 riH, tliat he the y tliii custoiris roviiicn nfure- (I customs and I', as aforesaid, sors, upon just md successors, gns sliall.from ' London, who ^q privy council '(!stminstcr, to . pt-rniitted by 1 after it shall ■ive sustained ue within one fill be no such su'''i (Iunia<^es ! said time, aa ju intent and 20 :i! and icsuiiio ihall l)u mado ig conc'jrninfj r chattels, of 1 bo any way nor Ids heirs, maintain any ill then III) in my other the 30 11^, Prince, or llCCessoi'S. inci;;\ions as reared, there- into the said ieers, to levy, j>rovince of aforesaid, as issistanoe) to <> sav.' them, "to f a iptain- Jtum-yeneral ion, we have into the said he the said leir will and or parcels to id t'.! hohl t<^ ^iin|ile, or in 50 and a»sigus. iIllINP AlM'KNUU. as of the sei^mory of Windsor, by such service^ eustoms, and rents as shall seem fit to the said William Penn, his heirs and assif,Mis, and not imm.'.iiutely of us, our heirs and suecessors : Ami to the same person or persrms, and to all and every of them, we do ;,Mve and jjrant, by these presents, for us, our ^'"^ ^ '.eirs and successors, licence, authority and pow. r tliat such person or persons may take the premises, ''''"" -"- P'< or any parcel thereof, of the sai.l William Peiiii, Ids heirs, or assi;,'ns, and the .same hold to themselves, their heirs or assijrns, in what estate of iidieritiince soever, in fee simple, or in fee tail, or otherwise, as to him the said William Penn, his heirs and a.ssi.,'ns, shall seen: expedient; the statute made in the parliament of Kdward, son of King Henry, late Kiny and with the licence to be first had anil t(i A'illiaiii I'.-nii, L'Sth I'llinmry, «((• '10 Joint Appfnwx. Sec. XI r. Mifrfffantnui. PrniisvlvnniB Cliiirt'^^''"«^«''. -^ «'"'" ''•-• a'lj'Kl^'tMl most a.lvantaK«,us and favonml.l« unto tifsanl W.ll.an, P..nn,l,is Ikmi-s and a,s,>yn,s ; pruvi.le,! always, that no inhrpretation l. a In.itted thereof, by wl,.ch the ail.-iance .Ine unto us, ..ur heirs and successons, nuiv sulFer any i.rejndice or -Inninution; althou-h express inention he nut n.,ule in these presents of the true yearly vahio and certainty ot the j.rennses, or of any p.rt then.-f. or of other gifts and -rants made hy us, our pro-enitor^j or pre.ie,^.ssors, unt.. the said William ; or any statute, act, ordinance, provismn, prochunaUon or restraint heretofore haii iif iliii. (lUted terri- tory. MEMORANDUM BY S. J. DAWSON. ESQ. M.P.P. FOR ALGOMA, ON EARLY MAPS OF THE DISPITTED TERRITORY. Thk Wkstkun LI.MIT ..F Canada, o.v a link i,rK west kko.m tiif Lakc: of thk Woods actord- lS(i TO THK TUKATV OF 17«3. ( (.NSIDKUKD IN rONNECTlON WITH THE MAI'.S AFFIXFD To THE OFFHIAI. RkI'OHTS on the " BorNl)AHIK.S OF ONTAUIO." The Treaty of 17<;3, .-ommo.dy known as the T.eaty of Paris, by which Canada was finally ceded ' to Great Britain, lelt the territory known at that tim.. as Louisiana in the po.sse.ssion of France This extensive country had the Mississippi, frotn its source downwar,ls, for its eastern and north eastern boundary, divi.h.ig it from Canada, up to the date of the Treaty of 17«3, and from Cana.la and the I inted States, for a period of twenty years suhsetpient to that time. The vast regions now forming, in whole or in pari, the States or Territories of Nebraska the western portions of Minne.sota and Dakota. Iowa. Montana. Wyoming and Colora.lo. to the sumndt of the 'Stony .Mountains, with several other Sutes to the south, and a portion of the Dominion of Canada near the Rocky Mount^iins. to the north, are within the territory wliich, at the .late of the Troatv of 1783, was known as Louisiana. By the .secon.l artide of the Treaty of 1783, the Boumlary est.-.iO l.shed between the British poH.se.s.sions and the Unite.! States, in ns far as regar.ls the part of the con- tinent .i>,d..r consi.leration, was a line "from the most north-w.,stern point ..f the Lake of the Wno.ls on a duo ,rM/«rn course to the Mississippi^;'' amM^^^ Commission i.ssue.l t.. (Governor I^rd Dor-' ♦ .F.)uriial of « Voynge for the diBcovery of a North- VS'e«t piuuMe from the kt\».nH7i..VhIV.Je. 1. T- T" ( 'ommaii.ler of the Kxpclitjoii. Second edition, 1821. p. 23. ' + A Vovauu of Discoverv, ri]'("' • North W„.t p..l,.,. . un, .n. .sTsrjond > avounilile unto n It' almittcd ly jircjiiilico or arly value and inir progenitor.-! •oclamation, or luse, or matter 'riiiii\v will nil I'urly iiiaiw (if (liH|llltcil territory. Joint Appkniux. Sec. xrr. Miirelhiniimt Mr. S.J. Daw son on early inspH (if (lia- I'Uti'il terri- tory. 712 It theivfore follow.- that the east or Mi.s.sisa. ni-an branch, although call.Ml the Mi.ssissippi now w.v8nottheMi8.s,H.sip,,io( Deli.slc'.s tin.c. The large river referred to e,,, respond-s apimrentlv, in itn lower sections, with what is now ■, fled the Minnesota River. The St. Croix River is repre.sented with wonderful uceoraey for such aii eiu-ly map, ft is to he regretted that this raap-heing l.y .so dis- tinguished tt geogranhi.'r — is on .■■'<> siiuill a scale. .']. ".4 mai. of Cinada n,ul the north part v, Lonmana, with adjacent couvtrh's. li,j Thot J.'lh-r;/., Uconrapher to Hi. MajrM,,, 17U2. PMi.hM by Thos. Jefferyn, Oharin;/ Crosx, Lmdo,,." This map is l,y an Kng,.-.: ai;ihor of some eminence, who, in 176(), ha.l puhlished a geographical and historical work on N.v i. America. It is but reasonable to believe that the rei.resentativc.s of Great Britain and the Tnited States, in framing the Treaty of 17«;J, wonUl have had the mao of so 10 distingui.shed a geograplier before tiu m. If they had, and were in any wav guide,! by it, they' w-uid not have supposed that a due w.;st line from the L.'.e of the Woo.ls would inter.se.t the ^..i.ew of ti.e stream now called the Mississippi, for the map shows a lieighl of land and the waters uf the Red Rlvtr mteriTiuw/ between Hh sourc.x and the paratkl of M)". or the dm- tveat line— mil in Hii,-: it is correct although, as might be exp.-eted from its early dat,'. in error in detail. On the map is a note from which it may be infern-d that at the date at which it wiv i.ssued (1702) tlie"Mi,ss.M.n"or"Mississippi"indicate issued (17(52) I'l was iviiowii J stitani now II iin liver is Vom this it i« 20 ill 17(]?. liy d Lai\e River 'fereiieu to the ;ourse of some tlie piiriillel of eof ilsfreneral miles west of 30 ()•'<), and it is daiy t>et\V(H'n t indicated on i]>in the maps itcliin's maps, lien, no doubt, boundary of )llowin;^' it (o I eonsidenilile 40 s of 101^ and nurveyn made of Louisiana, es from Lake about 15** or 105", or over icaily which .50 /er tho wust 713 C. •■yv,™,.lf, J/a,, „/(/„ Bri,,-.;. /W..;,„„ ;„ .v.,,.,;, Am.nc.c. A.I, I77,-,- Tho eastern branch of the Mississinni nr rnW» n;.,«.. ; i i • . north of the parallel of 47» in f V M^ T' ' '''°"'" "' '"'''"'« '^^ •*'°"'-'=« -^ ""le to the 8. ••/;«//«/«•., .V„p o/Can«rf«, or New France, 1703." (Mr. Lindsey's Report.) 40 This map shows that at even as earlv a d iti. no iTn-) *i„ \f • ■ • i , , explored, as far at least as the latitude of ^Tke Suptior. "''''' '"' '*^^" ^" ^"'"'^ ^^"^^-^ What appears to be its principal easterly branch, is marked as issuing from " Missisacai^ran ,. I Buade, and flowing south-easterly to the main Mississippi. Its name on th s man i« Z 1 ^ * and it is clearly distinguished from the Mississinni which ," "^"!'' ""/ , '"'^P '« ^^'^"''"""acunton, distance, from the north-west. «'««»«'I>P'. which latter ,s set down as coming, for a great Mi«.2;;- ':| ^r'^f ':^"'^"^ ^^'^^^''"^ ^^^ '"^"^^^ -- -Hcd the Mississippi was not .h. to-;h;^';;uch.;frn^r;£:'::^er^e;;"i;r£ valuab^although it does n. further .ear'o.r ^^^ar^ St;^ i:!^^ ^^^ ^'^ ^« API'K.NDU, sw. xir. MitrrllatviHtu, Mr. sXlUw. Hon nn oarly inii|>t of ditjiutefl ti.'r.i,ory. 714 JoiKT 9. " Carte dfn Nouvelles d/couvfrtfi danx I'onent du Canada, drem^e sur lex M ('moires de M. de la _1_ ■ Verandrie et donne'e au D/p6t de la Marine par M. de la Galiasonihr, 17aO." (Mr. Limlscy's Report.) Sflc. XII. Mitetiianmu: This olmrt sliows dearly that, in 17.iO, it was known that the country, for a consiclerahlo distance Mr. S..l.l)»w to the south of the latitude of the Lake of the Woods, was oi'ou|iied liy the water system of the nmi-H'I-'f'''^''' ^^'""'ppg ; SO that, with this map, or tiie information it conveys, before them, as it is rea.sonahlo to nmpi diii|>uted territory. 8U|>po.se it was, the representatives of Great Britain and tlie Unitetl States, in framing,' the Treaty of 178.'], could not have adopted a Mi.ssissip|ii as e.xistinj,' between tlie Lake of the Woods and Red River. Otherwise, it must bo supposeil that they believed in the strange phenomenon of a larfje river flowing for hundreds of miles to the south, between the two neighbouring rivers — one on either side of it — running to the north. 10 The description in the Treaty is however, perfectly intelligible, and would never liavo been mi.scon- Btrued hail these maps, now submitted to the Legi-slature, been generally accessible. In reference to these maps, generally, they point to the Missouri, west of the great bend, a.s having been the Upper Mississii)pi of the Oeugraphers of the last century, and this is accounted for by the fact that it was fii-st tx|ilored from the direction of the Assiniboine, the tributaries of which interlace with those of the Missouri. As cnrly as 1742, the Clievalier de la Verandrie had cro.ssed over from the Assiniboine, and explored the Upper Missisr'ppi, as he named it, to the Rocky Mountains. On the 12th March, 174.S, he took formal possession ol the country, and interred^ plate, bearing the arms of the King of France, on an eminence near Ids encampment. 20 At the date of iue Treaty of 17C3, the French traders, whose head-cjuarters were on the Red River of the North, had establishments on the Upper Mississippi (or Missouri of the pre.sent time), as well as on the neighbouring tributaries of the Assiniboine ; but there seems then, and even to a niuch later period, to have been a considerable interval of unexplored country between the great bend of the Missouri, near the meridian of 100°, and the Mis.sissippi, near its point of junction with the Minnesota River; and hence the error, continued on all the maps of the time, of nuiking the Missouri or Upper Mississippi join the easterly branch, or what is now called the Missi.s.sippi, near its contluencu with the Minnesota River. In view of all the facts, there can be no doubt that the Mi.ssouri of the present time was the Upper Mississippi of the Geographers of the lust century. 30 Thk Nokth-Wkst Ruundary of Canada, on the Parallel of 49" North LAiiirnK, accorhinu to THE Treaty of 17»3, between Great Britain and the United States. It will doubtles.s bo adunttod that the maps to which reference has been made, extending, as to date, over a considerable period of time, and by diH'erent authors, soni? of whom were h'^'^'v distin- guished as geographers in their day, represent fairly the geograjddcid knowledge existing a^ the date of the Treaty of 1783. Adndtting tliis, it follows : 1st. That the diplomatists who framed the Treaty, knew perfectly well that the branch of the Mississippi Jiiver system, now called " the Mississippi," would not and couhl not have been intenseuted by a line running due west from the Lake of ^he Woods, because the maps of the time, ivhich luere their 8ole wurees of iyi/ormation, agree in representing its most northerly waters as being far to the south *" of such a line. 2nd. That from the evidence of the maps, it is seen that they (the framers of the Tnaty) hail in view a supposed river, forming the boundary of Louisiana, which would be intersected by the tlue west line in (juestion, somewhere al)out the meridian of 105° or 106°, or at a point over four hundred and fifty nules west of the Lake of the Woods. 3rd. That a branch or tributary of the Mississippi (or Missouri, rather, which is itself a branch of the Mississippi) called the VVhi*« Earth River, is actually intersected by the due west lino in question, i^. 10 20 'a de M. de la sfy's Report.) nhli! (liHianco y.steiii of the renMoiialilo to tlic 'I'lvaty of 1(1 lleil Hiver. river flowing r side of it — been miscon- ind, as hiiving or \>y the fact iiitei'lacu with , anil ('xplored ir.i, lie took France, on an ;hc Red River lie), as well as I a much later bend of the :ho Minnesota uri or Upper ence with the time was the 30 icconniNu TO ^ndinj,', as to lr^'»'v distiu- ig au the date hranch of the L>n intersected ick luere their to the south *^ reaty) liad in the ii.->r. tills line being written thereon. T! .• . cond is a large map of North America, published in 17.55, by one Mitchell, pursuant to Act of Pai'i ..ent, and under authority of the Board of Trade. This map draws the boundary line between R<>iH>arche« ia Knirland, 1877-78. Mcum. Bia- cliiitf.ltDiniiM uiiii Hiwiioti tn lion. II. W. Se..tt, 23ii(i Mitroh, 1877. Joint Appendix. S.-( XII. Mtict'Uinroui. }U'tu.'i\rvU('» ill KiiKlttiii), 1H-7-7W. Mi'inre. BiHchdff, 716 tlio Hud 'u's Ray Torritory and New Franco &a extendinrf alonpj " tlie lioight of land " a^ far a^ the " Luke of the Wofiiis," and tliero stops, owing aM we imagine to thero not being at that period any ai-curiite knowledge- of the country lying westward of that point You will observe that at the point where the boundary line stops, it is running in a south-westerly direction, and here coaseiiuently, if continued, would conipK tely cut off from New France the whole of the Red River Territory. Both tliese maps are important, as .showing that after the Treaty of Utrecht a boundary was fixed between the English and French Territories, as far as knowledge of the country would enable it to be dune, ami that the claims of tlio French westward .so far as the Rocky Mountains, and northward to the Saskatchewan, must be without foundation, as that at the date of the map (1755) the country waa only known to geographers to points far short of t^ jri'^endcJ limits. 10 We also found another map of the Provmoe ot Quebec, according i.o Royal proclamation, of 7th October, 1703, frem the French survey.s. * o h-u, v., I ent this map, as the north-westerly boundary is the same as in the first above-mentiom d map, ending at the rnrner of Lake Nipisaing, lat. 4G°, long. 78°. From a perusal of the Company's i' i.rnals, we find that it was not the practice of the Company's BiSTr t"'' ^<"'^"'"''' t" o'o "P country to purchase peltry from the Indians ; but the Indians came down to York "on '•'■'i!d' "'"'^ "'''^"^ '^"'^^ "" ^^"^ ^*^ *"'* ^''^'"^ "^changed their furs, etc., for the Com|)any'8 merchandise. It Mare'h,"ri77. appears that the " pedlers " [French traders— C'ourcurs dea Bohl oh tV- ^ ere called, from Quebec had for some time prior to the year 1773 gono up into the Red !; .ei district, and l.^ .so doing had cut off the Indians and bought their iurs, and so prevented their taking them to York fort and the other set- tlements and forts on the Bay. 20 It was to prevent this tl at in the year 1774, one Mr. Hcarne was sent down to establi-sh a station up country, which he accoid.ngly did at Cumberland House. In the .same year, Matthew Cocking started on a journey to the Rid River district, but no settlement was made thero until some 15 years later. In his journal of tldsi journey he mentions " that pedlers swarmed there Bvery year." "An old pedler call(;d ' Young D.i r ' residing there ;" that " the natives were corrupted by the pedlers having so long resided there," and sj aks of Franceways settlement on ihe Saskatchewan River. These pedlers were both Engli.sli P.nd French, but seem to have come from Quebec, though there does not seem to be any authority for alleging that they were the discoverers of this Territory. One Josoidi La Franco, a French Canadian [Canadese] Indian, passed through the Rcrl Ri r terri- tory and Saskatchewan, on his way to York Fort, in the years 1739-42, and in his account of the 30 journey makes no mention of having met any pedlers, or other foreigners, but only natives. This story is set out in the Appendi.x No. 2, to the report of the Committee of the House of Com- mons, in 1749, a copy of which has been seiit by the Secretary of the Hudson's Bay Company. A map of the country waa also prepared by a Mr. Dobbs, who published the story, under the instructions of Joseph La France. It is fairly accurate, but of course hews no boundaries. The whole country westward of Lake Winnipeg is left blank. The princij/al importance attaching to this story, we think is that it precludes the Quebec pedlers from claiming that district by right of discovery. In one part he says the French never pass into the count s adjoining Lac h> t'luie. The following are the dates of the establ. i.ment of the earhcr posts of the Hudson's Bay Compan^ in this district : — Cumberland Ho ,. 17"; Red Lake 17;)0 S.Branehdo 1791 Lac la Pluie 1790 Swan River 1790 La Crosse, Athabasca l791 40 Brandon Hi Edmonton Carlton " Lake Winn'j •. Assinil'oils Hiver. Red . r 1794 1795 1797 17'Ja 1796 1799 We apprehend the maps, as coming direct from the cuKt • ■ Hudson's Bay Oompanv, prova evidence calculated ' • ,-upport counsel's theory of j)rior discovery by the Hudson's Bay )mpany, and the foregoing repulses [retiecta] the general impression produced upon our minda by perusal oi the Post 50 717 10 < far as tho peridil any tit the point »ery. Rivir terri- Dunt of the 30 use of Com ny. A map tructions of jle country f, we think n one part 20 40 y Company 1794 1795 I7a7 .... 17^)5 179« 1799 )any, provu j no direct npany, and [>f the Post 50 10 Diarie-s, as also of mandiy publi.shcd historiosof the district, in tho Company's Library, such m" RoKson's Hudson's Biy." published l7o2, " Huinarks upon Captain Middletou's Dofoncj, by Arthur Dobbs," 174*. and "Carver's Travels in North A'aiuica," 1700. As we have given the CDinp an undortakinsj that the two maps shall b.- returned to them when done with, wo should doom it a i ir if you will give directions for their receipt to 1^ acknowledged on arrival, and for their return to is when done with. We have tho honour to be, Sir, Your most obedient s*>rvnnts, Hon, K. W. Scott, Ottawa. Joi.>fT AlTKM[>IX. Hac. \n. .ViKfOiineiiiu. KcHi'iinhfi in KiiKlaiiil, lsT7r«: From thk Hon. Stu John Ro.sk to the Hon. Alex Mackkxzie. Baktholomew Lane, E. C. S.-pt. 20th, 1877. The Minuto of Council HMpiysting that Mr. Crooks be accredited in reference to the Iwjundary between Ontario and tho Dominion, has reached n)e by last mail. You have already heard by my previous letter that Mr. Crooks had sailed. I may mention, how- ever, that even if ho had remained, I do not think any search would have thrown more light on the 20 matter than his (loviTiim.Mit is already in possessicm of I employed a g. titleman for several weeks to Hcarch at the Colonial Ortire and Foreign Office, as well as the Hells' Office, and the Hud.son Hay archives, and every scrap , .iiformation bearing on it was, I think, sent out, either to Mr. Campbell, whilst ho was Minister of the Interior, or to Mr. Scott some months ago. I mention tliis to satisfy the OnUrio Qoverument; as I believe that any further search would be attended with no result. Believe me to bo. Yours ever faithfully „,„.,,,,. John Hose. Ihe Hon. Alex. Mackenzie, Ottawa. Mir .Fnhn Ron* til Hull. Aim. .Miu.'kpn/.ii', )!Oth .Stptem- bir, 1m;7 j 30 FnoM Ma. McDkumott, an Agent of Sir John Rose. Sir John Rose : In accordance with our instructions, I have b«!en engaged *".)r some time past in searching among Mr. McD«r. Mic d..cuments, for papers or maps .fining tho western and northern boundaries of tlie Pro"vince ol John Ko^l' 'trio. Hfi Migbecn informed that you had yourself investigated the collection of maps in the Foreign Office Library, the greater portion of which hail been removed to the National Record Office in Rglls' Court, I commenced my search in the library of the latter depart inmt, receiving for several days the sole attention of Mr. Kingston, the librarian, who.se assistance, 1 n.-ed hardly say, saved much time and labour. I may at once .Lite that n. , -arch has been iin-.vic liection. I may add, is the identical one used by the Commissioners in settling the Iwundary lite after tho revolutionary war, and on it the western i.oundary line of the United States T ilows the >ur8e of the Mississippi, northwards fron; its contli with the Ohio. ' '1 I Ml i JolVT Ari-i' vi>u. JUiterlliimtm' B-'warhi'ii in Mr. MoDnr. iiiiitt til Sir Juliii Uuai', 7lrt Witlj ref.'rence to the dintrict in Micliijjan (jovemey a Licntenant- Ui)ViTriiir lliiy ; luit amiil.st ihin very vohuiiiiioiis corit'siMMiclcnct! I cniM fimi no fiirthir ndiitirm of thin ;;fiitlfiiiiin ; Mini no p.iti'iit iif his aiipnintiiient i-xi.tU Siiih patent, I mii tulil, would iviiuinly bo u|M)n the Kolls, hail his appointuient euiauated from thix Hide. Ah to the line of divi.iion between Upiicr Canada and HiidHotr.s Hay Teriitoiy, I can Hnl no explanation of the di.sorep-.ncy pointed out l>y you iH'tvveen tlie detiiiiliuns of Mie Ixtundaiie.s of Upper and I. iwi'i Can.idii, as >,'iveii in the I'lociuination of (Soveinor Ahired Clarke in I7'.»l, and that a-mij^neil in the h.-tteiH Patent of the fjirl of Klyin in 1840. I have read carefully tlirougli the ilraft iuMtructions to tlie Karl of Kl),'iii and all the eornspondenee relatinj; to his appointment, but can find no UK-ntion of 10 any rea.Hon for e.\tendiiii,' his jurisdiction to the shores of Hudson's Uay, nor indeed any allusion to IxtundiiricH other then incidenUilly to niatteni in dispute between Canada and New Brunswick. The c.Nplanation j,'ivi'n by yoii that the ditfereiu-e may be due to a slip of the |>cn would seem to be correct. Subseipient reMcarth anion,' the papers at the olonial Otlice atford.s no other txphuuition. I may mention here that the Order in Council dividing Upper and Lower Canada is dated 24ib August, 17!)1, upon a leport from the Lords of Committee of Council, dated I7th Augu.st, I7U1. ■ The boundaries of the Hudson's liay Com|>any, as defined by the Treaty of Utrecht, are shown on both editions of Mitclnll's .Map as following the height of laud whit h fojins the watershed of rivers running soulhwanl to the Lakes or northward to the Bay. I do not tind, however, in the Ibieords and ('•irit spondiuce of (he Ciiiimissioii ^ of Trade and Plantations (whii h roiisi.sts of documents in French, 20 Latin and l-.ngii-.h) any mention of a decision arrived at by the Commissioners appointed to ti.\ this lioundary niatter and other disputed (piestion.s. Neither could the Secretary (d the Hud.son's Bay Company utlbrd me any information on this point. Ho states that tlio Company have no maps illustrating the ipiestion, and that it was always understood that their territory comprised the lan>l in which the waters flowed to the northwards, thus fixing the boundary at the height of land before mentioned. He snys lie will look through the doeuments of the ('onipany. but he holds out no expec- tation of finding anything conclusive of the niatter. Should he do so, he will at once counnunieate with you. Uniler the.se circumst^inces I have thought it best to communicate at once to you the result of my enquiries. Mr. Kingston, the Librarian of the Record Office, joins me in the belief that no more precise 30 information exists on the subject, and all older maps show that so little was known at the time, of the regions in ipiestion, that inaccuracies and discrepancies in the desci jption of boundaries would appear to be inevitable. E. II. McDku.mott. LlMlt.Cil. Scol)!.., t- Hun. jt.=et.T of iiiy vir:it to tlic v;tfiuij.-» Miiil:iters; but owing to the un.sctiled state of French jiolitics, and the changes in the jyermnnel of the Ministry (there having been fire Buccessive changes of Ministry during the month of November), I found it very difficult to procure 50 , 71» the pnpcrs of Lii'Utunnnt- iiicrilion (if I'liainly bo cun iinl no it'M of lJ|i|ii»r Jiat (LiHi^iieil inNti'uctiotis I) int-ntion of 10 >' uiliisioii to swick. Tlie 1)0 uorroct. imt. I iniiy lUgiiMt, 17i)l, ,10 sliown on led of livuM Hifconls and U in Kiiiicli, 20 1 to fix this [uiison's Hay vu no nm\m tliu land in land lieforu nt no uxpec- iinicatu with result of my more precise 30 time, of the oultl appear IBMOTT. 1, 1878. ence hearing Gill Octi>l)er lie history of 40 111 Rose, and pon learning' I Ttiitirden. lor in Paris, November 1 r of Marine no time in he unsettled 1^' been yiw It to procure 50 inimeiliato attention. Pef ling Iho official perniitwion to neareh the |)ubiic aiehives, I huHJed niVKelf in thoHplemlid libraries of Paris, where I found much infoniiatioii \vlii published by CJuillaume de Lisle in 1703, and the lines in question doubtless furnished the «,.- v n ii- . 1 S» ~.. "" ««i'>™" for ....I .s.in.to„r clai™ liu3 , Z t „ .l^ZS '",""' K°"«™. -1 trihminl for a.lju.Ucation, • . . , ' ° * '"""'"" ^^^ kU,kA to uuie »,„c ,ul,lili„n.i ..vidc„™ cpctcl tol" f vZ ■ ■ '" '•™ ""'" '"''™ '"' "'"•""■'K by aMe and competent .eferoes. of ^ t iZ I ch tw \ """""' "''"" '^ '"" "'"""'''■ rontroversv, an.l often to (i,.ne .on.l 1 ! \l '""" '"'''•' «""'"" ""■•^'"" *" !'<-on have fn.mVi„.e ,. liu" il;.::: .::: '':!^' I''!!"*'':" '''« "•'^'"-' -^ -«» «« ^he «reut public bo.lies. who pper" north of th« ipil from the pub- r original positiop, iton, the lihrariiin, ce having reference urned to Paris on inada on the 25th 10 •esearch into such nations like thoaa >lo circumstftnees, gave much time ^•our notice docu- I Boundary ques- nd this Province. nt. 20 rilOS, C. ScOBLi. 30 )F ONTARIO ON'. ill going on, and referreil to some W!>.sterly l>o»nd- lal negotiations the fiegiwinture ill for obtaining if an nrhitration ary, the di.stin- Meanwhiie, a the Fji'gislativo tainmentof t!ie 40 of Ontario imd K the (|iiesti(inH ft few nionth.i, [jasion to keen lie hoiiies, who 721 of i)lT:Zl!Zl7 *"'" f 7^'!^'^ "nexpect<3d .leiay in procuring a settlen.ent of the in.,.o.tant subject TeyZ il •. / S" r; ^-T"'?"" "■'"■^"'' "^^ ^''''•'' ^'•'''^'•"^'"- '"^^'"« "'-''-• " -"len.e„t .luring nirarZ % ' 'r''''Vr.^""" '""'''-' "•^^'"^^'^^""'-"-'^ further facts and docun.ents from tht Co Lv an V "' ^";',I*-r'^ well as from the records in possession of the Hud.s.m's Hay \^Zl^^y"''''VTV'''''''''' '" '•'"'•••I''' -'^^-"i- T'- result of these an.l othe^r Ifth fr ? / »-'»-"'-'-l ." an i.nportant supplen.ent to the papers alrea.ly printed for the use to enter m Mi . T"" "'" ''" ''" '^'"'' >'""' "^'"^ ^'"■- ^ '•'^™'»- "- »-"--' t" '- now ready to enter on the arbitmtion as .soon as n.ay suit the arrangen.ents of the two Governments. .Jomr Appkniiix. Hw. xir. MinerltnnenH». .SiKM-chfi of the LiKiit" inted for the z() lieanng. ^11 Any published maps which are stated in the '• Notes on Maps " in the ( )ntario Book of Arbitration l)ocument.s to be m existence (copies whereof are intended to bo used by either si.le), .shall be as.sume.l to be by the author and of the -late they purport to be ; and the photographs the,-eof shall U assumed to Jms correct unless the contrary appears. Kilher party may put in as evidence a.iy other nmps not mentione.1 in the sai.l Notes to U in existence; such party giving to the other reasonable n-.tice of the plac. wher.- such maps are deposited and may Iw .seen, and procuring and giving photographs thereof within the same time. O. Mowat, fov Ontario. D. McCauthv, for Manitolxi. A)n>MiiiPiit of CimiiiHiliui t<> Mn|M. rHINTRI. BY John NoTMAN, PkISTKH to thk Q,„.Nh M.W Kxe.LtKNT MaJMTV, TohO.W,, ().NTAIllO, I ■\ . H ■^ JOINT APPENDIX INDEX. [Set atmi the mine aaiijvcU in Imle.- to (hiliirh .l/z/jem/iV.] 4 HHfTIHI IxDiANS, re.i.l.> north of Height oi' L»iul ^"*"" ^^^ ^ «rorc i„ l..an„o with th« French V." ' '.'. ''^^^^''^^^"'anU 1.174 668 Ai'Six. liiKl luiiii vmu-ii \>y ihu Josnit iniHiidimritw, anU 1074 una vi»i....i hy n.. i;ij„i, :;;;^„^ ,^^- ^.^^ trnilu with hiiii lit Fort la Maiine, j,j^ «_• Lakk, iiiirth of the HoiKht of IjbiuI. trolling o|)on»tioii« oarriid on at, by French continuounly till 1793 ^gj.j larly known to the Fr.nrh a« a route to llmlson's Hay, antr 108ft ASH POKT AMI FoKT, pro«erv...l by the French and regafled by the Kugli.h aa in Canad* 1756.,) :,,:, ,„,3 niontioned by (lovernor Pownali as a French pout of Canatla 1750 ' „„g WM dependent on Teniiscaniingue in 175^ ^,,. Ili\ KK, Fort built on, by the French Comi>any of '.!«n*da .. 1073 47^ »)!**.iIT' '■'""'*""• '•''' '^""""'»'''"" «« Lientenant-Oovenior and Hnperinlcndent of 8t VincennV 177!i . 'ihq ACADIA, OH Nova Scovia, Conin.ii»ion» to French Qovernom, Ac. , of I5!W- 1(105 «47 ' .«) piues in, occupied by Hritiiih given up and re»t.ired to Franco. .. lAao '4., re«tor.-.l to Fnuir.. by Treaty of Breda ..'..... i(Jo7 11% rided toOn-at Hrituin by Treaty of lUrecht .!......,...,.,. I7i'j 508 Kiiarantoed»itliallitHdependencio«to(Jreat HriUin by Treaty of Pari* iTtt'. »«, •ACTS or Pabi.iamknt. Hw Sl,il,ilr>. "^ A1)1)IIES.SK.S The Caimdian Parliament to Her MajeUy the g.ieen on the lubject of th» renewal ol the Hudson's IJay Company's licon.m to trailo, Au«UHtl:«h lti6H ifSft The «anu>, to Her .Maje-.ty respecting legal pr.«eeding)i to determine validity of Company's Clm.te. ^^^ ^^ I he same, to Her Majesty lor tran»fer of Rupert's Land and North- WeHt Terri- tory to Canada , Ihu same, to Her Majesty in respect to the transfer of the HmUon's Bay Company 8 territorial claims, May aith-Ulst |^,.„ a\'3I.!'up'Z; !""'' '' '■""«""*"" ''y "'"■ "f ""> N"rth-We.t Company of Montreal" ::.::::::: .711!, 1.si"h.1,. ,„fi 7IO Al.KhhMKNI iHawoen the (iuvernmenU of Ontario and Manitolu, regarding the refarenoe to tbo Judicial Committee, December IHth |y^ of Counsel for t)nUrio and Manitoba, resi«.:tively, a. to map. iniende.! to be put 10 as evidence in the Ueference .gu^ AILLKUUU r. M. D'. (i..veri,or of Cai,adi^ reference to him in 8ieur do Uumi.'s Commiw.ion . . |(U>t m-j . , „ . . Commission lr»m liim sustaining f he French title to the IiiK|u..i» country «.io AIX-LACHAPKLLK. Thkatv ok, between (Ireat Hrit.i... France and Hpain ,][ ,74^ ",* provides for general rHst^.ration of phices taken iluring the ww . La AI.HANEL, Katmkb Chabi.km, a .loNuit Misxiwiiary sent to Hiul-ons llay by the Intondant Tdon t«. make diwovcrie., ilrive a trade '"^" with the Indiana and reconnoitre with a view to the establishment of a factory there iieeoinjianiwl by Siour de 8t. Himon ""* ALBANY FoHT, ui the mcmth of the Albany River "..".....!...."... "*** built by Henry Hargeant of the Hmlson's Bav Company in" ..... ....!. wm., ^I" beeninelheehief postof the Com|«ny .^uV eapturml l.vdeTroyes, July Kith, " ., ,, ''*''" article. "I caj.it dntion of ". ."'.".".'.'".'.'."."".'.""."."."." '. "'" '" "*! wa. «urr.mih:i-.l tn every si ..■ by the French j-.i"*,"., .... !?!! Ihe oniy H«d«,n » iiay 1 . .n the pt*sc«,i«n o.- the English during the periml ...V. l70l'lV" iw" SJ the Comi«ny anticipate an attack on, overland from Canada .... ,744, f^ 4 Index. k:-^:^' •'(IINT ArrKNiiix. tT loilex. ALLENKMIPKIOX AMMKHST, (Je.NKu.u. t ...... •■»i)ciiu«H iiio arl Ybau. 1«74 1()N3 !7(K) INAII IHI1-I2 ltt70 I7U1 I7«:j 724 A LHAN Y H.vK... (in,t cntore.1 by th. RnRli.,. j,, «h«r..tl,..v ...HI,. „ml ...Oct a factory ''''■"''"%!:r,:;;:uj,:;!;r:::!;' - - •^•■--" o-r .■. I a \\r . .\I.KI*IMKN IV. Hev Harm ita cuM.Mei-cu coi.tn.ll..,! l,v t|... kiiitf ,,,^,j;r:;:^;:r;:;;:i::;-rir:>tj ''-••-«'"■•- s "AliUN, i,.f, r«.iioe ro, 3.r<)|.,.H..,| l,v Oi.UH . (i Paoe. 6«8 570 6«2 241 uai nii» H<)4 52t> a(ii», 5;«» 17(12-3 l7tHi 1786 1785 vm A PP.1 AUUl ■ , """O'l (Ontario). Nov to < iiu.f .hwtic,. Hi, hard. , ' ■ .»•'"*• i -J- 1874 1874 '■-.I .iimic. KirhariUnn.l the |l,„, . .....;, 1874 f hu.: .huticu IWri..,. a,.,| Sir Wit fn„ V " T ''"'"' "'"'^'''"^ "wT A.« ,, , H„a, : , T "" ""•-<-'"/ "I'l-ointe.. . tiiml an;l coiii'lu»ivo ..f London and j.,Hh f..r evlTl '" "' '""'"'»■" '" "^o'-ivH 1870 1877 1877 ia77 1877 187H 1878 I I Ordi'in in (!'78 aS"':;;; ::; ^ ;;'t' r ^-^ •"' '^"""••" "-'•"'"•'^' " " ■ •: "iKUM.t Ml o! .Mr. .MiiuMahon (J n „# /» ., Ar«. nt of Mr, Monk ' ::""••"' ^"^ "'" '^"""""" 'i'-I'lyof AUon,..y.(I,.n«ralof<»„urio ' " " •• ■• »i>i.i.n.. .,., Aw«r<| ol thu arl.ilratori AltlimUTOHS. H,'t. Arhitn,ti,.n. AlM.v.NsoN. ViMroMTK I)', Oovernor of C .„ad» «.u-,iHoned by . company „f nay „.en in bee Orrfr-i ih Couti^-!/ /*v-si.--Ai 1878 AHKANHAH AUUKT '^ reimwod po»fl««,i„n of Hudson'* Bftv I6fli 10(11 iHni 1750 1758 •'>I7,.'\10-21 518 636 A3A 636 30 30 .<69 3«r 388 338 7 8 7 1(1, 11 10, II A94 716-7 71ft 717 717 718 10. II II 21 46 108 46.«7 «7-78 78-101 lOl-IOfl lOO-r 107 696 626 00» y«A«. Paob. 1674 668 HiH3 670 lay !7 662 nd iHA» 241 1(111-12 031 ... l«i7(i flIU 6(M I7(il 629 »i 1 7«.» :l«l», 530 •0 17«(i, 17(12-3 5 1 7, ,M 0-2 1 17(H» &1N I7.S5 6:i6 1786 53A I'lOl 686 30 1757 30 17(13 ■m i 1774 3«7 1879 38S 1874 338 1874 7 1874 8 1874 7 1", 11 10. 11 1876 .'^94 1 1877 716-7 1 1877 7!S 1 ia77 717 |a IN77 717 ■ 1H7H 718 ■ 1N7H 10,11 11 ai J In7h 45 KM 4607 (17-78 78-101 101-106 I(lfl-7 1 1M7M 107 mm IttOl 696 Mb KtOl 0IU ■B l«i(lt ess WSKk 17«(l 608 HHUIr !75S 608 mm» ' 725 ASHHrilTON Tkeatv, for the NcttlcmeDt of tlie New HrmiRwick and Maine Houndary-ii-fem'd to in Mr. ('uiiclinn'a Kciiinl AHSlNIltOIA, Tkruitoky uf, bniiniUriM ..f tlw, iin.lur pMclaumtion of MileH Muc.loii.'ll ASHINIBOINKH, KoKT, I'liilt I.) till- Kr..n.lit"orii|.iinvi.f('iii]H(lu lit t ween them ami tlio(»iit..iilil,iH triiile with Uii L'lliit at Fml La Minine ATlIAHASl'A UisTKi.T, vi»lteil, tiiuU-il in, anil ocenpied liy^l.e French anU belonged Ixiyoml oontroverHy to the Krenoli, in jildicittliy held not t.> b« within liio lliulnon's Hay Conipany'H territory ATLANTIC, Ihi,anun nv thk, within twunly IfnnncH o( th.' fhore, to be oomprohepded within llie liiiteu StiitiM of Aru«iiou under Treaty of ATTOUNKY-OENKIIAL Oh- O.NTAMio. See >/■ .(v,(. Ardl'MifS, FoKT. See /•'<.W./.a /VxiiiVj. Al'TKUlL. M. 1)', Altorney-Ueneralof t'unada wrote two nienioirH respi-otinj! the liinitH of Hudson's Bay... contra*(K the rrth-We»t Paaiage See Kirtii Enylinh yuyayet. BAIE l)\! NiiBD (df Canada) other name for Hudson's Buy. IIAIE, LA. See «,i,/,, /,.,. BAKHK, M. D". La, (iovunior of Canaila claims po.H«»sion of Hndminx Bay by the French Jong piior to the English inotructud by Louis XIV. to pr.venl the EuKlish taking p.wses»ion of Hudson's lUy.. re.ttoreH, williout authority, the vessel captured Itom (Jilhani and is reprimanded by du Seignelay re(|ue«tsthu King's onlers i' rf«ard to attacking the KiigliHli at the Bay and in Ne\. Y..rk BARILLON DAMKNCOURT, M. I'aii., Coumillor of Staito ami French Aiuba»s.idor at th,- Britinh Court u Comniisnioner at the l'n>vision»l Treaty coneoniing America. . BARItdlS, M. Lk, his commixsion as AKenl-Oenurallor La Conipagnie dtw Imles (hcidentalos. . UATCIIKWANACNO liAV, the north-oastem part of Lake Superior eastern houmlary of territory surrendere (Lugalnvillo as one of the northern Trading PoaU r^jtnriied '>a U. ^ i.'itrlntnn am <.ii.> .J iliu i>....i.. .....i... tx... v^......i, H4 «J4 lt',4U 688 107(1 Oi)l 087 OUl 1788 BAVK. 684 ITllt-VO .M'i 171'J2ii OI'J 13 :>\'i 61 u bi> !>l» 10(13 625, 049 tUOit 0-26, tiiS 1008 640 lfl78 10, 11 1878 107 107 I87H-H9 las-.-ia IHHI i(ta-25 188U 406 1616 see 604 1082-4 621 Ids 2 tJ23 l('iH3 683 1084 024 10H4 024 1084 U2:> ltW7 4Srt, 501 I(i87 II)!), 486 KiOfi 060 120 185(1 lOU 1HI7 S()4 lUI, 201 l'.)l, 2i4 108U (ill 1721 08 :i07, 0()9 1077 6;i3 1718 Oil 1767 046 !7oS tiii I8tl4 181 Inde Joint ArrKNDix In.l.- 11 726 BKArDETTE, 1'(>int« ai', on the north bank of Uko St. FrwioU, River Ht. I^wronce, in the Heignuiirieof NewL k on Knglish IxwtH at tho liny lumlilii to act olfonsively but ort« to the Minister on lit- la NoUo'a t'X|>t>'omin»iidant on the OniioonsinK witnesses tho taking posKeisiou of the Upper Miuissippi by M. Perrot BorcHErrE, J.wkih, .Ir., Deputy Burveyor-Geueral of Lower Canada bis evidence in the I^ Beinhard case, respi-otiiig tho boiiuilaries of Upper Canada BOIDET, Point* av. See He„uMlr. BOUGAINVILLE, Cm,. Dit, on the French PcwU ii intermediary between Vaudrcuil and Ainhent in negoliationA for siirroDder of (/'anadtt U0UNDAUIE8. Kou .1r..(im ; AuinilH,i,, („f ISI4) ; (humUi ; <'anwla, iMirti nnd Upiier ; Hiulimit hay Cimipnuii ; IHiiuna ; hiuitimin ; yii<7« .■, ,■!.•. BOUHBOS, CiiAHLKa Di, Count de Hiiiwioni.the King's Lieiitenant-Geueral in New Franoe, rirc. bis coinniiHsion to ('bamplaiu BoUBHON, Fort. IludBon'a Hay. 8eo fort .\,l4'i 174.'. «>42-3 17t).'> «»» 1*1:2!* oisa 1773 9«0 360 SM I7M OUS 6M 1711-14 I 4!) I, 408, (502, 578 « i7i;« 605 1733 656 UW7 imi,4H(i,.'ioi titi KiKl 044 IIMV 631 ItlHtt 691 IHIK oes IHlil 663 17.-.7 U44 1 7'' tt4aa 1 T<).'i «Ui» l(|j» «>M8 llt4U S8H I71U »40 1717 (Ml 17lM-tt U41 n^:> A03 17(W Oil I7U» 718 t'&A 043 I»a7 018 1748 OM 1730 046 17I1» 307 I71U 3(Mi t7MI 6(t7 17 lit bm 509 fill BIO &i>0,»iu,6il !081t 0ti> 1773 3(i ' 100,477. 02o 400, 477 727 norHDoN, co«bU alotiK Lftbrwlor to the lUy tukpH I'viDiwvil poHHeRKiiri of tlir Hay in tlio iiume of tlix kiiiK. . BOUTEUOL'E, M. 1)k, Iiitiinilaiit oI I'uiinilu. coiiiiiiiHHinii n|i|ioiiitiii|; BHANT, ('ill,. .luHKi'ii, (lie lroi|u»i8 chief, hiii lellvr to Col. Butler on the oriiickl condition of tbo Indian nlTairn HKEUA, Thratv ok, helwueu Uioat Britain and France riitorea Acadia tn Frauoe M. D'Antuiiil o'l tho liniiu Hxi'd by, fiirt^'anada oonlirniH ti ohcIi lluir (loMiiuaiiionii hild l»i •Ininmry BBETONS, Eaui.v Vov.xim of tiik, to HuiIsiim'h StiiiitH and NoHMANH tirnt dii.cuver the ( incluiliMl m llie UhiImoii'h U»y I'oniiuiiiy'H territorial olaiiu AiT for the iininn cf Vaiicimver tuland with, BBITISH NOUTH AMEKICA ^CT, 1H07, providuR for the erection and govornnient of the Uoniinii-i, of Canaila. unites tlio I'rovincuH of Canada, Nova Scotia and iNcw UruiiHwick |irovid('ii for tlin adniinHidn into thii union of otiirr iinrlH of BritiHh S irlh America... ■evers tl;u Province olCunmla ioto (wo parth. uml providi'H that t)i« part formerly conHtitiiting Uppor Canada Kliall cohHtitutf the Province of Uiilario BROWN, Tiik Hom. Qkoh(ik, appointed a delttftale to K'nglaiid to ooiumunioate to the Colonial Uttioe the viuwK of the Canadian (joveriiiuent respecting the olaiiua of the IludHon'H Hay Company. Novcuilnir II hii repokt rt'iipi'rtui)( luH inixsion IiIh ciitimaioof value of IliidBou'H Bay Company'H property BROWN .\N0 Bori'HKU Cask, the queition of the wentt-rn boundary of Upper Canada evidence of \V. H. (,'cdliiiau N|>ocial iharKi' of Cliief .lubticc I'owoll aa to the wuHtfrn limit BURKK, KiuHT Mo.s. Ekmi nh, hit ii|i«uch(« on (juuhec Bill, in the intereita of New York, II ( aiiiuliiH Bouthi'm honndai'V BUSSV, M., hi» corroapondt'iicii rulaliiin to tlio ou:'aiiin of ('anada BUTTON, Sib Tiiomam, allmiod to liavu niiidu a voyauu to lliidson'a Hay ai far at Port Nelton. . he made no aet tluuiunt wnt in tvaruh of the North- wuat patiage BU'rroN'8 BAY, North-wett of Capo Ciiurchill, in Hu.laon't Bay, caliod after Sir Thoinat Button BYLO'I', Captain, made a voyage in wsarch of the North-woit paaaaife alleKvd to have onturud lludttui'a Hay CABOT, .loiiN. ANU Ills HONM Lkwis, Skiiahtian asw SA.tCTIUH, Ciliswnaof Venice, ooinmit'-inDof Henry VII, k, hia trading company recoivo a grant, wliicli includitt liudton'a Bay ... imli rcferuncu to, in the Charter of the Compuuy of the lluiidri'd Aaam'iati'n re<|uirud by Treaty of Kt. Onrmain-eiiLayo tiaouri CAHOOH, (Caiiokiah), aTrilwof the llliiioia CALDWELL, Hknhv, his oii8l imtabliHluid at Tadouaaac which wiu the prinei|Htl iiiitre|Hit of the tiado of Hudaon'a Bay DttHidKtrval mati, I77,<>5J.') lOMH li.'ili 17W1 5:h( 1007 45:1 45;i :>i-2 l» 1«)(5 403 1.^)4 173 15tl4 )):u). ii!(7 3U7 IWHl 4ai 1807 4!I2 4.''. 18(17 4:3-0U5 044 I7'.t4 404 035 035 lOMTi f^5 15:t4 173 178 178 IMO 173 I5IM 173 IT^ I.V.IK 1147 KKM 173 ltH)5 (W7 ItitlH 178 1012 047 1 11(1.' 718 Joint Appkmiiix, t'ANADA, trnilo inmo.! <.„ j,,, t., ihu .horu. ..f fl.i.l*,,,'. Hay o<.iic«(lo.l t.. U CniiiimKiii.. .Ii, la N.,iivi.|l.. Knim.o. .anir Indai. iiiiluii N |j«y ,n„| Htniirii Wiiula-c iiii.l „(lu,r (.Imtiii Ukuii Uy (irvnt Hritain! '.'.'.'.'.'........'. ' K'vui. U|* uiul ru«t.>ri«l hy Tr«»ty .if «t. UoniiHiii. ,. , , . ,, . '""'*'*•"" "'H"'l»<"''»i««j"'>iMlo by (Iroat Britain. II. (Hint. oxUiiiduil t.. thu AthalMUKu DUtrict till MoiitimiKiiy c<,im,ii»»i..ii.Ml Limit. -Ueii. of.. ""'' *\v Luizoii ii|i|Hiiiii(i<| (jnviiriiiir ^''*' t"art of ,t Huiliioi,,, Bay. coded, uiulor tho tAsnii n,ion, ti, Oniat Brit*in the c«Mi..,i of. mad., U, tho »«ti«faotion „f tho H.id«.n'. Bay C..,i,|Mu.y tho lllin.Mii country roannoxud t.» L-uiiiana ^ iU extent iiorthwardn. aeconlinj} u< tho Kronch viow. . . rectiiig tho lanio neKoti«tiiMi« for iti cemiioii ctnlud to (Jreut Britain, liy Treaty of Parii . . Bot '^0*11^ of' "**''''''' '*'"'" ^"^^ " *" ""■ *'"'""'' ''"•*•"'"'" »"t«ri°r V. .■;;:.:: i« iietlle »ettl.)d l.y the giuln-c Act. 1774 M ilcalt with l.y tho KiiiK in Council : - I.Ml-cnal Order, in Council. I*.-och.nmtion. and ComniiMion.. and hiHtruction. u. (Jovornor., aiid Ofticial l-apom \^^nug thereon- Fn.ni 1774 to 1777 " I?*""' l»> 1780 .....'.' i ".".'."'.' I "";■ ; " 17«H to 24th Augu«t, 17U1 " ''-Jtli «e|.tenilK)r, I7»l, to 18.*» .. " ih;i« t.. iH4« OtHMin fmrt. of. annexed to tho (Jovon.iiiont of Newf..m,dknd put of, erected into the (Jovemmont of y„obec. .See Qnrh.,; I'roviiu; o, VIA*. PilOB. 1027 lW-8 Itili? U2« (I2H mail 174 UVA'i 174 174 1(140 (MM ItUA (14U 1U61 (14U m67 (140 UWi\ ■167, 477 imi 512 IS 1087 454 B 1007 17(1. 488-9 1(190 (138 1712 061 1712 (151 1713 504. (143 4 580 1717 651 1720 104, 613 1721 597 1751? 643 17M (101 6 1787 644 17511 040 17(M) 1834 ia3 17(J0 184 1761 628 1760 617 1760-3 617-21 1761 521 .30 1763 630-1 609-11 1763 183-5. ran 1 1761 624 6 11 2 3 518-621 36« 374 384 386-8 388-390 400-406 406-6, 428 1703 352 1763 :U)2 1791 397 e»tal.li«hod l.y Imiiurinl Ordor-inCouncil l'H|.ur ,.rc.on.e.l to Parliament. l.ufe.^ the ^,^ [^ tho C.m.titutio,«r.Wt' deHcnl.iiiK the |>roiM.»e.l lw.uiiihirie» ita ti..von.iiiont |.r..vi.l,.d for l.y ( 'oii»titution»l Act Kiven elfoct to l.y I'r.Klam«tion ,.f Lieut-(i,.vorn..r ('larke; 'iHthNov cnnnnal jur.«l.cli. f i,. ,.„„,,«. extended t.. In.lian TernU.iiu. »nd t.. the Uu.lw.ii Bay CoiniMiny'. U.rrit..rie« c>v,l junmlictinn of ,„ C.urta extond«1 401 i8o:i 406 1821 417 10 liffil 417-81 1840 48r f • » Ymii. Paob. 1627 107-S 1(127 U28 (128 um 174 KM'J 174 174 l(i40 mt 1U4A (MD KiM U40 lilfiT (149 l(M^;l ■«(J7, 477 ltKI7 fil2 13 H187 4M fl um 17(1, 4«« U imi )i:m ITlii tini 1712 ({51 I7i:i MH. (>43 4 nno 1717 Ofil 1720 104, 613 1721 697 I7&(t 643 1760 (101-6 1757 044 I7M» 646 17(10 183-4 183 17(10 184 1701 628 17C0 617 flO-3 617-21 1761 521 30 17(13 530-1 1763 183-5, 530-1 1701 524-6 2 3 618-621 366 374 .184 386-8 :»88-30» 400^406 406-fl, 428 763 ;i52 '03 :i52 m m r»i 307 01 303 0! 3lt3 01 401 103 406 21 417 19 21 417-81 40 48r 7«n CANADA, rPHEK, riiK I'hovincr or. KHtnliliiiliuil liy linpurial Onlur in (.'mmcil ... c<>rr»ii|iiiiiilutuMi ruliiliii^ tn tli« |irii|"iiu'il liiniiiilarifii i>f, I7H!MII : ('iiloiiiiil Hccrtilary Riihiuiti tliu iliitft liill In tlio (iuvuriKii (luiiural for thu iiiwirtioii of hoiiiiiliiry ilt'«i'ri|iliuii, . , thu (iovnriior'Ouiii'nil in ruply, um-luiiiig imiiu', iukI n niuiiiiiinicAtion from ChiufJustiuu Smith propoMjd tlviH-riptiiin, ahovo ivfurrud to ('hiuf Jiiitictt Smith ti to l>oth Hoiihi'H, in ir Ihi- (,'ouHtitiitionitl .Vi-t Mr. Lymbiiniur, nj^onl of tlie lliiiiiih inhiiliilantH of (^luiliuu, to thu Colonial Hucrolary, oxpri'ti^itiK viewx ailvornr to llu' propoiicd hill Paper deKritiiiiK tnu propoHcd linu of diviaion liftwwn llu> provincon of I'ppur and liowt-r Ciuiada, prviuntud to I'arliamrnt Mr. Lyniburnor to tho (.olonial Hoorutary, vnuloiiintt papum cont'i-rning^ the guni-ral alfairH of (^iiulxii' Duiipatcli of tho Colonial Hc.rotary to th« l^ird I'lvnidunt (licing tho lt>tler rufurred to in Imperial ( >rder in Coiinril of 2Jth \\\n.. t7!M). encloHMig ji dcivription of thu pro|Kiiii-d line of diviHion butweun the I'rovimeit of I'ppcr and L iwer Canada dexeriptiou of the ]iropoHud line of divixion, envloiutd in tho ahovo .... liicutonant-OoveriKir Clarku to the Colonial Hocrotary, |HiintinK out the ditferenco in tho deaeriptionii of tlio lioiiudary, i\» eont^iined in l.ionl Dorohonter'H comniiMtion, ami the Order in Council I'lMpoctin^' it The (;(donial Hecretiiry in roply Btates that tho varianuo in immaterial ita iMiundariea and extent proviNionH for it« K<'V'>trnment made l>y Conittitutionid .\et given ottuct to liy I'riKlaniation of l,ieut.(iov. Clarke. Nov. IHth which givoB oltieial iHiundary deaeripliona oxtondod south and Boutli-weHl to the(»liio and Miiwimtippi Hueli extonsion pro|Hi)ied to be mainlainod by Lieut. (iovornorKiniuiH! .... ho ailviK'aloR thi' eHtabliithing a |MMit on tho MiiwiHiiippi op|Mwitu tho mouth of tho WiHeonoin tho fur tradu, it* ntaplo in ita connnorco and conniiort'i.il intorosta in respoct to the H. W. and W its courta um|Hiworud to try, when thereto reipiired. eertuiii vnm>i\ ariaiug in tho Indian torritoriea this power extonded to eaaoR ariaing in the Hudaon'a Hay Coni|>any'i t«r- ritorioH civil juriwliotion in Indian and Hudaon'a Bay Cimi|Ntny't torritoriea con- forred unitod 111 Lower Canada, forming tho Province of Canada in Provinck ok, fiM'iuod by the union of I'ppor and Lower Caiiatla oxtinguiKliea Indian title to landw north of l,ako Hu|>orior weatward from Itatidvowaiukung Hay t4i I'igeon Uivor granta |Hit4>nta of lands weat of thu meridian of the coiiHuonce of Ohio and Missiiuiippi and liuonsus to mino As t4i procuedings 1857-(17 «oo Nnjnliutmin bfhifni Ihr tmftrrinl iiiul C(itiii(fi'ivnnnfHl.i, fU. divided into tho two Provincoa as lioforo, U> lie tertnud Ontario ami (Ji'KHBc ruR|Hiotivoly and unitod with Nova Hcotia and New Hninswiek, forming the Dominion of Canada flAM. Paor. I7l>l 307 .lolNT .VrriNiiu. I7KI) ;tH8 ITlMt :W9 ITlHt .lUO 891 17".«i :i!)l 1701 308 1701 398 17111 303 I71M 304-6 1701 3I»7 307 I7!(l 402 17!ii UH m 400 1701 :<03 1701 401 401 3 !Ni .■.;mi-47 .-.;ui 47 I702 .^37 40 1702 53H 170'.' .■.:«; lM(i:t 40rt 1H2I 41H 417 21 IH40 427 |H4(I 427 IHfiO IHKId" lK.'i4 tid 1W17 1(11 1(12 4.32 3 hitlev. sm\ 730 Joint CANADA, Tmii Dominion or, itructiim «.|, inuviawl f.>r l.y IiiiikiiuiI Act, .'Ul mul .'11 Vl<' o. .I . . . . AlTXNKIX. 11/ ■• IMillllMiBtHl iif fnur I'niVIIH'im iHiimtitutiiin aiwl iin>ilMiil) not alrvftdy in thu l>ijii, nnn«xi>il tn, by liup«iriit! Order in < ouncil, ■Inly aitt nugoti itioiiK of ( iovonimuiit of— lee NnfiHatiHiu brdrrm the Imprrinl ami I'ltiiiiiliiin Oiin-rniiiiiili, •>!•.: miiI XrijiiiiaHiiiiD httrHtrn fJaiuulii mul Otittiriii. CANADIAN ArrAiKn, n>rrf>i|Hiii(luiicu rulatiiig !<• tlu imUiMiiliiiiuiit of t'lvil Dovuniiiiviil in t' i> lllillnii Ilix |)n>|iii<'i| iHiiiniliirivn of CpiKtr Cniiniln tlio rutuntioii iif tilt! L'oiuiii'y Hoiitliwitrtl t<> the Ohio ami weRtunnl t^i thii MiMimi|i|ii thu oxurciiiK of juriwiiotioii by I'ppur C'aiuuU waat of tWft' '.T ^t loiiKitmiu the rutiuwnl of thu [IiuIroii'k liny Cn.'t lii-uiiMi of otoliuive Irailu ami Hiiiritmliir of ilii< Cii.'h ni^litii and i-lainii Coi'llTH, Sfv I'liiiiiilii, I'fifHi Kill/ //iiiivi ; J 11 riilicti'iit ; Siutiitrt. i'AHI.IAUKNT. rMolntioii for addrvM In Her Majeity r«a|MHiting renewal u( LieanM to trade of HiuUon'i Hay ( 'oiii|iany rvRoliitioa for addrcu in lliir Mitjimly r«i|HH-tin){ lilii(atiuti un the iiuettlon of the validity of llm liiidniiii'ii Hay ( 'iitii|iany'a ('harter rfaiiliitiiiii fur addrcaa to II.t Majeity re»|M)GtinK tranafer of Uudauii't Hay Ooiu- paiiy'a riKlita to Caiiaila jueuikftu of the novoniiirtieneral transinitiiii^ to iho Hmiao thu report of thu dol«- gatu* ri>H|H>otiiiK the •k>'|iii*itioii ••! Iliipert't Land and North Weat Territuriua, IihIi'x. May ITth I'lovidi'M for putaldiiihiiiuiit of thi' Province of Maiiiliil>a further powura ru«p>'ctin)( tlio ualuliliiliiiiuut and lioiindariua of i'mvini'ea conferrml on providua for oxIenNion of h-iuadnriua of Manitidm DklKOATK.S to Kn^land. He y,;i<>tu$limt.H lirhi'rrn llir Imfieriill aiui iiliMiiiuH liin- ■ MuriilA mil/ Ml' Hiiili'it s lUitj Oo, CAM SE (('\NurK), UiVKH. Othei : * *• Bant Main Kivor. CAI'K HItKToN, iMiANDof, r ' ' »■ iicu by Tn-uty of Ht. Uormain ri'aurvud to l''r.i,. , j.\!atyof Ctreuht lodrd to OiiMit llritaM. 'iy Treaty of Paria unm-xtxl to Nova .Scotia 1 AI'ITI LATiON of Fori Albany, nrti.lea of of Koft Yi'ik " of Moalri'al and lurrunder of Caniula, between Ounural Aniherat and Maniuiit Dti Vniidri-iiil CAITAIN.s (IKNKIIAI,, ('omminsionk of. .See Otnmniuiotui. CAKLKTON, SiM(!iiY rtcf l>.r./ />i.ir/iii./«r. CAKl'K, L*c \ I. A, north of Uiki' Nu|ii|{on the French carry on trailing o|HTtitiona at ill thu l'o»t of thu Nupigona . I'oHT A i.A, uxtundiiift from Lakt- I'l la (!ar|Ht to tlio ahorrs of Kiid'Hin'H Hay ^ranti'd for (1 yuai'N by (Jovuriior of Canada In Siunr du Hinibliii to liu iiinniiKud by ilio granttw without fXiwiiHu to thu Kiiiu till CARLIKIt, M. I'lKHUK, Adjudicitor-tJunural of tho I'nited Farii.s of Frantu, otc Kiantud Ihuuxriiiaivi' trade of part ol thu KiiiK'a I>iinain CAKTIFH, JAt.'yUBs, ihu iliacovuiica of ('AHK OK OsTAKio buforo the arbitratora OK TUB Dominion " . , ,,, sri'l'i.KMKNTAiiv, UK DoMiMoN before the aibitratora CASCASgl.'lAH. 8e« Kiuhukuu. Ybak IMtT 1800 I7«MI 4a:^44A 4A0 i77;» :iafl 18«57 'HO lHtt7 ■i06-A imiti :i 1 -i lM7(t :i'jo IH7I I.I IHMI i;tii iin^ 4fta 171.1 fiOft I7<>a IKil l7)>:i :ua 11)80 087 iouu ti;m 045 I7fi7 II4A 1757 ii»5, 057 1 752 057 175S 057 17BH 01)7 178a 65.1 I7aa tina i5ai 172, 031 187H II 1M7H 2! 187H m Yb*k Paob. IM17 499 438 4:i-^-i«fi IHHO 17n «'»3 nr.'i 4 ;w(4 ti 17H(t »l ;I94 7 l7H;i IM N34-47 IHH» HW 17 IMC? -70 l»l4-3aii 1M8 •iaft 1IM7 240 18tt7 2II6-H IMt) ill a 1H7U illN) 1H7I 441) IHHl l»(t !(»« 45:1 I7i:t M!> I7»i;i Ml i7*i:i ■M'J KWfl (187 UillO «i:ut •m; H45 1757 1(45 1757 tllfi, (157 ir52 (157 175a 667 I76« «!V7 178:1 053 I7:w (i5:i hVU (72, 031 187H 11 IH7H 91 1878 .19 1 iiiitkn (liwiovDrieN, build forU, ato V EiikUoiI OuMt 7:11 ' r\l{AQI'l Kiim. 0»||. uiie ftH- 8t. Uwr. 1 U.vr MontrMl lAlAH V I I. s»„ J.; ■ <'A I lICAUr, E.tHi , < «| '. . ill' , ..( CaiiFiila, <'ii uppotntinR «\ICIH>N, ir..N hmn'M, ( '.>inini»i .nor .if Cn.wii Lhii.U, ('kiiwU, Miiiiorniiduiii i.f. on ihu North \VB»t. tliittiMiirii lUy aiul lii.liuii Tortii..rii-«. and th« i|urali. Mi«iui, ,1,. St. K-,.ni>, , . , , mi»i..n, ou »„«lh"w,'u.hom of Uike Hii li.ir, ettiibliiheil ;il. I'ifrr<> in i'iiiiiiiiiiikI Hi . ... »ii« ot tin- iLrtliiTii iHwtx iii«itlioiied by liougaiuvilte rol«iiii.| l.y tin- Fn iioh until tho uoaaion of CmiiuU CUAMl'l AIN, Htri'K \<¥. ff.uu.lii tlm ciiy of yuilwo laki't |i. H*<'»>iciu of Liikf ('liaiii|il«iu and pc rlraltui i<> ihu IiiMiiii ii ciiuntry hi* act of Inking |M.Mtniiiiin ..f tin. IhimI i fliidaon'a Hay mid othtr Unda l»aiandlluri n'< duHOMii.lK by IVtniit to likkii Kri» . niakoa III! iwX '-l tiikiiiK |>"iuiB»ion bin C ninii-iii n, from Count do Soi |iri MiciitoK till) fur triidu aloiiK tlii' ( ia l»k»'n |iri>oiiur and cariiiil to Ku; |>iil>li»bi'i« It niiip of New Kranoi— 11 1 ilM iiiiilitMiticity mill iilfrt K»lrii<'l« fi.iii liiH work, /^j. VmmgtuU la Nouvtllt France OicidrtilaU Jilt ('atuiitit CHAOUNOUS, Tkihi. ..Ili... of tlu, Kr.iub iiiliiibittd thu Ohio and Wnbiuh country rHAliAyllS. Sfu (V,r,oAw». CIIAUI.KS KuKT. Ollii'i name for Kort Uil|»#rl. CIIAItf.KSToS. iHi.Axn. in Hn.|.o„'H Hay til' loinl , River mid Fort, dtlior naiiiu (or .K^im/. CHKCiM'AN, Tkiiik. Hov Sl,r,h,ll„,n,m. CUKllOK Ki;.'^, TiiiiiK, the liritiab itipulutu for tlio nuutrality of thoir .ountry CHICSNAYE, SiKDK Lotw Auukkt i>ic i.a, conimiiaionod by H.^-iuart to aurvoy the Domain of Tatb.UMao ^'"*'«'-^'' AiiUKHT DM LA, ia a iMirtnor in U fomiiaunio du Nord CHICAGO (- gou- go.;, FoHT, at tho iiiouth of tho Chica«i< Itivot (liiio called Fori Miiimia) O.ivoruor biinooe, of Ippor Canada, projMwva the eatabltaliment of a UritUli |N>at at Ykam. IH47 ;ui 7(H t(6l (K)»4 1144 (i(Nl :t5(i (Ml eat 696 A54 0U4-« 607 »«6 Joint Al'fKNIIU. Index. MICROCOPY RESOIUIION TEST CHART (ANSI and ISO TEST CHART No, 2| ^ APPLIED IhAAGE '6^3 f.ost Main Street "ochjsHr. N., rorlc 14609 USA ('16) 482 - 0300 ^ Phone ('16) 288 - 5989 - To. r „; ' t : j 1 ktji ill! 732 .Toi.NT ViTKMiix *-"^f'^-^'^''^' R'^'K". uai''l I'y the French as a route to the Misaiasipp J_' ■ • CFIK'ASAU!'; 'I'liiiiK, tlie lii-itiah atipulatu fur tlie neutrality ot their country [..'. reniiiiu allies of the British against the United States CIIIC JIJTl.Ml ((,'HKKoiTiMv), The Post w, on the Saguenay Kiver iiiuluileil in the Royal Domain of Tailoiissac (MlOlSKl'L, Dec hk, conducts negotiations for cession of Canada prescntj the memorial of French propositions for the cession, .tuly lath his conduct in negotiations governed liy Dmuaa' Memoir says no boundaries had been assigned to Hudson's iJay up to .See also Frviirh Ciim-tpoiidence. CHOUAItT, LiKUT. ,a nephew of Radisaun), in connnand ut Nelson River (Fort iiourbon) receives despatches th-!ro from De la Harre by Mons. I'eie is a party to the treachery whereby the Knglish capture the Fort CHOUEGUEN (Choi-emukn), Fokt, establishment of protested against by the French Govern- ment the French plans to destroy it in case of war CHUI.STINEAL'X Inuians, inhabited the shores and country to the north and south of Lake Winnipeg and the south and south-west of Hudson's Bay chiefs of, attend St. Lusson at Hault Ste. Marie place themselves and country under dominion of Franco have great confidence in I)u L'Hut, who visits them ante agree to trade with him at Fort La Maune at war with the Sioux— de la Noiie endeavours to arrange a peace CHURCHILL, Fokt, captured by the French ' an attack overland from i 'anada on, anticipated by the English its factor ordered to be on his guard against it one of the Uo.'s forts on the Bay in CLARK, the American exphirer. See Leirin. Index. CLARKE, Gk.n. Ai.ukkd, Lieut. -Governor and Commander-in-Chief of the Prcjvinco of Quebec, his P.odamation declares when Constitutional Act shall have elffct in the Pro- vinces of Ui)per and Loner Canada recites the line dividing Upper and Lower Canada points „ut to the Colonial Secretary that the boundary descriptions contained in Lcjrd Dorchester's connuission, diller from those in the (Jrder in Council of 24tli August is informed in reply that the variance ia perfectly inunalcrial . , , COLBORXl':, SiK John, his commissions as Capt.-Gen., etc., of Upper and Lower Canada COLON L\L P( )LIC Y of Great Britain. See Debati-8 on Qm'bec Bill ; Franklin Ldlns ■J'olinj. of France. Sec Pidiaj. COLONfAL OFFICE -COLONIAL SECRETARy, correspondence and negotiations of, willi Canadian Government and Hudson's Buy Co. See NajniiatiuHs. COLUMBIA RivKii, its northern or main branch first discovered and navigated by Surveyor Thompson of the North- West Co its other branches previously discovered by Lewis and Clark navigation of, south of iaternational boundary, declared to be free and open to Bri- tish subjects Ct)MM[SSARIES, to execute the Treaty of Neutrality ." .... .... . . .... transactions of to settle territorial limits in Hudson's Bay, provided for by Treaty of Ryswick and by Treaty of Utrecht appointment of, under the Treaty of Utrecht extracts from papers relating to their proceedings . . COMMISSARY. See ^S/ciwn/.&V/ienii. COMMbSSlONERS. See Vommismriei. COMMISSIONS (IMPERIAL) to the Governors, etc. Henry Ellis, Secretary and Clerk of Council of Province of Canada and Steward- General Nicholas Turner, Provost Marshal of Province of Canada '', . James Murray, Caplain-tJeneral and Governor-in-Chief of Province of Quebec... .Jan;.'" Murray, Vice-Admiral, Commissary, etc., in Province of Quebec, etc Guy Carlcton, Lieut. -Governor of " Province of Quebec in America".. Francis Maaeres, Attorney-General of Quebec Yeab. I7l»4 I7;i:i ITIil 1701 I7(il 17(il ltl8t i(;84 1(184 1755 1071 l(i84 1718-1!) 1080 1747-8 1747-8 177.") and 1795 1701 17itl 17'J2 1838 Paoe. 597 r)4(i 054 00") 521 520 5 Hi tii4, 555 (il'4 ,^).^i5 528 516 640 (il» 619 624 GU 641 195 584 584 588 401 401 401 402 402 406 ISU 187 1805 187 1840 651 1687 456 45()-87 1697 488 1793 504 171!) 50(i 7l!)-20 506-12 1763 365 1763 355 17(i3 350 17(i4 356 17 1761 521 1761 521 1761 526 1701 516 1684 624, 555 1684 624 1684 555 628 1755 516 640 1671 619 619 1684, 624 624 1718-19 641 l(i8il 195 1747-8 584 1747-8 584 177') iiiul 1 795 588 1791 1791 1792 1838 401 401 401 402 402 406 1811 187 1806 187 1846 551 1687 45() 456-87 1697 488 1 79;i 504 171!) 506 719-20 506-12 1763 365 1768 :i55 1763 356 1764 356 I7(:<) 357 1706 368 783 COMMISSIONS (IMl'EUIAL) to the (iovKHNouN, etc.— Ci,utinve.il : Sir (illy Ciirletun, fiiiitiiin-OfiuTiil iind (iuvornor-in-Chicf of Province! of Quebec. Sir (iiiy ("arlutdii, Ca|itain-(!eneral :iiiil (i'li-niiir-in-Chief of Province of Queliec, afti'i tlio exteiiaion of its Ixunuliiries , Draft iipiiroved by Order in Council Henry HainiUon, Lieutenant-Governor and Snp'jrintendent at the D' '■ oit I'atrick Sinclair, Lieut.-(;o\ - rnoraml Su])erintendent at Michilliniackinac Matthew .Johnson, Lieut. -(oivernor and Suiiorintendent at the lllinuis Nicholas Coxe, Lieut. -(iovernor and Su[JC'rintendent at (Jaspe Ldwaid Abbott, Lieiit.-( iovernor and Siiiicrintendent of St. Vincennj Sir Frederick H.ildiniand, Uaplain-Gcneral, etc., of Province of Quebec.. Sir (jiuy Carleton, Captain-General, etc., of Province of Quebec . . Guy, Lord Dorchester, Capt.-Gen., eto., of Provinces of Upper and Lower Canada. . Henry Caldwell, Receiver-Gen. of the Province of Lower Canada Robt. Prcscolt, ('apt. -General, etc., of the Provinces of Upper and Lower Canada,. Sir. J. H. Crai^, Capf.-Gen., etc., of thc^ Provinces of Upper anil Lower Canada... Sir Geo. I'revost, Capt.-Gen., etc., (jf the Provinces of Upper and Lower Canada. . (Jordon Drinninond, Administrator of (jiov't. of Provinces of Upper and Lower CaTiada Sir. I. f. Sherbrooke, Capt.-Gen., etc., of Provinc" ; of (''pperand Lower Canada .. Oiik<- of |{ichinond, Capt.-Cien., etc., of Provinc of Upper and Lower Canada. . . Earl of Dalhousie, Capt-fJcn., etc., of Provinces of Upper and Lower Canada Lord Aylmer, Capt. -Gen., etc., of Provinces of Upper and Lower Canada (2) .... Earl of (iosford, Capt.-Cien., etc., of Provinces of Up|ier and Lower Caaadu .... Earl of Durliaiu, Capt.-Gen., etc;. , of Province of Lower (,'anada Sir Jolin Colborne, " " " " " " " Upper " ('harles Poiilett Thomson, Capt.-Gen., etc., of Province of Lower Canada ISaron Sydeidiani, Capt -Gen. and Gov.-in-Chief of the Province of Canada Sir C. T. Metcalfe, Capt.-Cien. ar.d Gov.-in-Cliief of the Province of Canada Earl Cathi'art, Cajit.-Gen. and Gov.-in-Chi( f of tlie Province of C: nada the Earl of Elj^in, Capt.-(ien. and Gov.-in-C'liicf of tlie Province of Canada (,'()MMISS1( )NS, KuKscH. See French Commissions. COMi'AGXIE i)K r.A NmvELt.E Fkanck (-de Canaba — des Cent.s Associes) charter of covers New France, or Canada, in lat. to the Arctic Circle, and in long, to and indeliniti'ly lieyond the sources of the St. Lawrence surrendered to the Crown preceded by a ccmpuny organized by Gen. de Caen under his own name ... r>E^ Inde.s (Xoidentales. M. C. Barrois appointed .\gent-General for, in its territory extending from the North of Canada to Virginia they claim tliat the limits of Tadoussao extend to the I5ay Ill' Xdrd — lie (^Kfhei: — nE (^anaua) formed at Quebec in send Ridisstm with an expedition to Hudson's Bay where they erect Fort Rourbon they re establi.iih themselves there in variousmemorialsandevid«ncesoftitleof, exchanged with the Briti.sh Conuuissiouers |iresent two memorials respecting Fort Bourbon (Nelson), protesting against the English occu|iation ordered by Frontenac to join d'lberville's expedition against Port Nelson n'Orf'iDENT(DES Indes), Letters Patent granted to, for exclusive trade of Louisiana their privileges extended to the Illinois by arret of the King's Council COMPORTE, C.Aii.TiEii i)K, Prevote of Canada applies for a grant to himself and associates of River Bourbon (Nelson) proposes to establish three posts thereon COMMITTEE OK Imi'erial House of Commons, Report of , on affairs of Hudson's Bay Co. .. . evidence of witnesses the Company's Forts and Settlements in the Bay ships employed in the Canpany's trade stock of Company ord-TS given liy Company in ti'iticijuition of attack overland from (Jauada correspondence with the Company's ageuis as to settlement of Port Nelson " " " as to trade with the interior exports and imports Year. 1768 1774 1775 1775 1775 1775 1776 1777 1786 1791 1794 1796 1S()7 1811 1814 1816 1H18 182(1 1830 1H35 1838 1838 18-,!8 I8:i9 1840 1S43 1846 1846 l()27 Paoe. .358 375 375 382 383 383 383 382 384 387 400 404 404 406 405 405 405 405 405 405 405 406 406 406 40(i 428 428 428 428 t)47-8 Joint .VlM'KNllIX. 197, 62S, 647-8 l(i63 197 1627 197 1666 650 1605 650 1()72 621 1()76 626 626 1676 626 1682 634 l(i87 461-80 1(193 635 1()93 (ii6 1717 651 1717 (iol 1684 626 1684 625 (i25 1749 581-6 581 582 682 582 583-4 686 586 686 Index. r " Joint appkndix. Index. 734 CONCtlPTION, HiviKRK i)E i,A. (Hhei- nimiv for the Mississiiipi CONOES. Sfc /,/,■,.„.„:,;„ 2V,(*. CONNOLLY V. \VO..LlilUH,j,„|gmt.ntof Hoa. Justice Monk in the case of hehl tliiit tlie Atliahasca district was not witliin tlio limits of the Hudson Hay Company but tliat It l)el(inj,'ed to the crown of France from anti: early settlement of the North-West hy the French CONSTITUTIONAL ACT, TuK-ai, Geo. lH.,c. 31 . ^ ' \ . ^^.^^.'.' repeals certain jiarts of the Quebec Act ,.,...'.' makes further provision fur the government of the Fro^ ince 420 :j8:i 4iJ5 525 OIS;!, 044 ()07 007 007 007 (i07-8 008 r it.'< 203 051 (!51 653 053-5 664 607 5tir 667 1 ■'&Cfe'' Ykak, K-o; pA(iK 687 '■US i 171 171, ISO u;.-i(i ()25 Kiiiii 025 i7r)(i A\I.S. DAWSON, 735 jiAHLD.N, Kaiiiek, .sunt l.y thu tioveinur of Canada overland tn the country i.f Hudf.in'H -'^ liiiy IS Hcc(inii)iinifd hy Siuiir du la ValliiTo and livu soiilier.s BACllILINO, TitiitK, XoitluTM In.liiins, tiadu with On Llliit at Fort La Manne IjAIJIOI'SIE, Kaht. Ill-, Ilia coinuiiasiun, as ('a|itaiii(jfnurai, idc, of I'lipur and L.uvii- {'ana.la. . DALLICS, TiiK, iin the Itivi-r Winnipi's,', aliuiit 12 m- 18 miles fmni Purlage des Kats had U>t>2.'i, 0i8 .loisr 4(;7,477,025,ti2,H AiTKNiHx, 1084 024 1820 405 003-5 17(i3 074-5 1818 059, 084 093 044 1749 043-4 1701 183 1761 183 .".h.V, i"(59, alii 1587 505 1870 710 r 10-15 714-15 1H57 202-9 I8.-18 208-9 1880 120, 121 1705 008 1871 320 ^70 711, 713 1()S."> 02ti 021 1080 028 1080 020 1680 ti28 168(i 029 l(i88 (130 1685-90 6-2(i,(i28-9,034 1012 (i31 17.52 (i03 1750 (i03 1704 ti()8 1775 .'182 1783 533-4 78:i.<)4 .534, 541-7 17.S5 535 1785 53.-) 1792 544 537-4:) 1792 543 1794 .545 1790 547 1721 ,597 597 17oti eo:j 1.63 oil Index. If .loiVT i AlTKNlUX liiilex. 73G Yf,a«. Paue. DEriforP, I'ds]- AMP P'(>KT,anl with its depencloiKues had a giuTisoii of 32 men (ill iiiiisi-itt'il of ii stickadc i-iic-lcisiii.! K() houses, in iv^.j oojj HiVKH, hrtwt'i'ii l.iikis St. ("lair mil Kriu- C'hiiiii|)hiin [lii-sus Ihrouj^li |(;i2 031 naviyiiteil l)y 111 Siillt) 1077 (533 uiidillo of, dcfhirod to lie part Inturimtioiial liaiinJiiry 1781! 534 not nc lyiiizi'il bv (iroat Uriliiin as such till I7y4 .'■i34-49 l)IS»JOVKUlKS. See I'oynj/i'.s ; also French and Uiiihon'n Hiiii ('ii)n)iti„ii. DISC'OVEKY, iiiK I'Hixni'LKs ok ihhmi' i,a\v noVKitxixn, t'liiif Jiistico Marshall's opinion egg I'liilliiiii'ru's IiiU-niational r,aw ggg Valti'l's opinion (jgg AMI iMissKssiox— title derived from both ydO-l, 171-4, (iliO-t, (iHH-lt, 038-9 DISIT riil) TKUKiroitv. .Sue Si-ijuthitimut lirtiircn tilt: Impcnal uml Vi(nwii DC LITH. See Ih, rilid. DC U'TH, FoKT, other name for Fort .St. .Joseph, on the Ste. Claire. Dl'JI.VS, M.. his Memoir on the Hounihiries of Canada 1761 62R-30 DUNDAS, RioHT Hon. Hknhv. principal Secretary of .Slate, etc., his proposal to Lord Dorchester for a new International Boundary with the United .Stutes 1792 640 Ybab. Paue. Oil 1764 608 1612 631 1677 633 1783 534 1794 534-49 688 689 689 1-4, ();i()-i, (i8H-i t, f:3H-9 l742-;i fiHO-1 i(i84 632 032 1774 377 1774 378 1774 378 1774 374 1774 378 1775 377 1786 389 1786 386 1790 389-91 17t>(5 367 r68-74-8r, 358,375,387 1791 400 186 1794 645 1794 545 1787-94 530-40-44-45-47 1080 400 1857 165-7 1857 193 1857 193 1857 199 1857 213 1814 405 1681 022 1683 623 1683 023 623-4 1684 624 1684 624 1684 024 1687 629 1761 52(^30 1792 540 737 Ul'NUAS, Ukiht Hon. Hknrv, recoiiinifiuls the iit'iitriilitv iiiiil iiKlujiciKk'nce of a bulf, of Iiidiim tc'i'riliM'y lyinn liL'tweeii uiid iilcnij,' tlu' wlmlc Icimtli of tlio iv.s|ii;ctivu frcinlii-TS Ut'lTlS (Ui I'l v). SiKiK, |iriici!t"la uinlur coniniissidii nf nt,' of QmoIpuc iiiakuH an overland journey to lludson'^ liay takes renewi'd [jossession of thipse coinitries by order of llie (iovernor of Canada .... liis journey and aet aiitlientieated liy the Sovereign C.iuneil of tjiiebue DrRANT.WK, Sii;ri! \n: t.\. renews tlie entry into i)o.sse.i.sion at Fort St. .lomiili, Ste Chiire Uiver Dl'HHAM, Eahl ok, his conunissions as Caiit.-deneral, ete,, of Lower , Canada and I'liper Canada, reslJeetivuly l/l'SSON Dk BONREPACS. See 7>Vh,v/,„m.s-. IrtAULY ENGLISH VOYAGES to A.mkuih, -^ John and Sebastian Cabot Captain Willoughby ■. Sir Martin Frobislier Caplai)! John Davis Captain Henry Hudson Sir Thomas Button Cajitains Bathn and Byhit Captain James Captain Fox Captain Ciilliam tlieir National Value from a French point of view EAST MAIN Hor.sB, at the mouth of East Main Kiver, built liy the H. B. Co 0 Kill 12 500. ,500 1015 174, 500 ](i31 506 1031 500, 500 1007 500. o: .500 ;;7-8 1074 5'.I5. 588 •_'(I0 1701 ■JdO. 503 1840 428 18-'l 442 17(i3 .'(55 1750 004-5 108 1012 030-2 1077 633 1721 597 1701 528 1783 533 534-49 1795 588 •-Ml, ,-)00 1719 500 1818 559-08 1857 202 l]l(l( .loiNT ArrKNiii\ 738 KXC'HAN(iE iif pliices in Hiidsdn's Buy, pvojiosals by France for. EXPLORATIONS. See French ej'phmtions. Ykau. 170(1 PaoE. 489 .FERTILE IU:i,T (.f thf N. W. Tonitdiy, lioumliuius .if . [ndc I cluiiiud l>y tlio Htiilsnn l!:iy Cdniimny hh jmrt of their torritoricH the claim always disimtcil liy Canada was (pccupiod and traded in by tlie French till and thurcfcire lu'longed to Cana5 588 17!'H 589 1(;!»4 571 ItilMl (>:!i) lti!l(; (isu icai 'lOd l(l8i» (121 iti7;i i7ti;i 538, 5! "7 1071 (111) 019-20 ICHlt 021-2 173St-4L' 710 043 1(187 043 17'.»3 180-7 uul 598-1088. 1748 047-50, (150 .. 1070-1742 019-40 1711-13 490 502 1701 518-20 1721 597 1750 002 537 01-71. 475-80, 483. 576, 000 1.598-1751 047-57 1721-08 597-(Jl2 i.f 176G 1074 thu . . . 1570-8 of 1818 604 5 508 659, 505 086 685, 205 789 FROXTEXAC, Cdmtk dk, (■■(iveinor nf Ciuiiida, i;iect» ii Royiil fcut at Catariifiui lotained liy tlio Kifiicli until thu LtHsinn of Canada caiiMUH sovunil barks to bu built tlioro for trading with the Suiiucas ...... tradus w ith Suiit'cas and lro(|n(iis aa far as Niagara srndH an u.xiiuditiou to Huilson's Hay liiililishcH thu Kinf^'s ordiiianuu rocalliiii,' thi^ Moldiurs, voyagours, etc orders Sr. rNlEUE, Comtk hk, extract from his Memoir— the limits of Hudson's Bay under tho Treaty of Utrecht notes on a map of La Verendrye's discoveries, presented by him to tho Depot de la Marine GAMANISTIGOYA, See A'<()m«»(Nf;,y,(m UANENT.XA, a French fort and settlement in the Ir(»iuois country established by rccjuest of Irociuois is commanded by Sieur Dupuis becomes an agricidtural settlement GENESSEE, River, suggested as a boundary between tho British possessions and the United States GERMA N Setti.iomk.nt, a French post in Louisiana . GHENT, Tkkatv ok, between (ireat Hritnin and the United States provides for appointing commissioners to dcsigiuito the line of International boundary from the par. of 45" to Lake Superior GIBAULT, a discoverer under Charles IX.. sent witli Laudonnifero to colonize Florida they found Carolina in 35° and 3)5° north latitude GIBBS. Sir Vicary, ojunion of, on the Hudson's Bay Co.'s charter (ilLLAM, ((iiiLLAM, GILHA.M), CAPTAIN, a New England mariner is sent by the English to Hudson's Bay with and at the instigation of Radisson and Des(;rosselliers opens a trade with the natives tho circumstances leading to his voyages— French exploration and discovery dismissed by the Company OLADMAN, GEou(iE, Chief Director of Red River exploring expedition his in-structions GODOLPHIN, Lord.oiu' of the English Commissioners at ProvisionalTreaty concerning America GORGENDIERE, Sieik, Farmer of Temiscamingue " ante. the jxist taken from him in his claim for losses in consequence GOSFORD, Earl of, his connnission as Capt.-Gen., etc., of Upper and Lower Canada GOVERNORS, English. See Commissious. French. See French Commissions. GRAND LAC. See Superior. GRANDE OCEAN. See Western Sea. GRANDVILLE, Sieur de, Keeper of Marine made a voyage to Hudson's Bay antt OREEN BAY, the Indian nations in the vicinity of, attend St. Lusson at the So- It and formally place themselves and country under French dominion See also Baye det Puants, La., and Bayt^ La, 3 Year. Paub. 1073 1703 832 Oil o;t2 632 .Joint AprKNiiix, 10H2 023 1097 0,37 1097 037 1 592 093 1791 OK; 1743 5h0 1 (101 4, 00!l 1 11 , 044 5 1774 580 1, 716 1792 538-40 18l'1 417 418 418 17(^.4 350-7 1764 356 1760 1760 357 514 7U 631 1656 631 631 631 1792 637 1756 603 1814 549 649 1536 630 1535 630 1804 181 656 16(i7 500, 606 566 566 1684 570 1857 211 1857 211 1087 486 1730 642 1730 642 642 1836 406 1708 6S0 639 1671 628-9 esa.9 Index. I' 1 !' If: I 740 Ykau. Paiir. Joint GItENVILLE, Ldiui, IiIh ciPiiiiminicaticni tn Lonl Dorcliustor lui tlio statu of Iiuliwi affiiim, Api'kndix. ,^,hJ jIi^j ,.i,t^,„(j,,„ ,,f Micliilliiiiiickiimc 17H7 f>;tfl Ills (lenimtclii'H ti) tlio siuiii' tdiai'iiiiiif,' tlif iiio|hisi'(1 liouiidiiriosof r|ilH'rC'inia1 ;W8, 3!»l-2 674 !71'.' 6T4 1744 1744 1785 043 643 A4S 1777 384 1783 534 I ',84 634 1770 38U 386 1785 385 17«2 687 637 637 1785 636 1785 536 1684 670 640 180 1740 194, 643 10-11 110 111 112 112 lU 114 116 115 116-17 116 118 118 118 119 119 120 120 121 122 123 123 741 HINUKS, Sill FitANi'iK, Hiiiniiiary of cliiHXt'H — ('itiilhim-il. iluft;lii'u iif Cmnisul , clmrn" I'f ailii|>tiiiK a iiiiivuniunt huiiiKlary linu rufutod I 111' .\riinitiil)a UciiiiMliiiy Act, 44 Vio. c. 14 HOt'HEL.VdA, Siiur di' la llnclu,', aii|Hiintc(l Lii'iit.-IJuiuTai ui Hn''Ql.'AKT, M., liiti'iKlaiit. otf., (if Canaiia, Iiih Onlinanco rosiiccfiiig tlio liniitB nf TadmiHBac. . HoI'K, Hk.nry, UuvoniDr nf Qiiolwc inn tua., \m lottur on thu ai>|Miintiiiuiit of ii bucuohhoi' to Liuut.-(iovcnior Hay, of Detroit Hl'USON, Cai'Tain Hknbv, an Kii«liHii navigator, niakuB tliroii voyajany of Canada, makes a voyage to, and takes renewed possession, by order of tho Quebec Sovereign Council this Company in possossion of tho trade of the Hay by tho overland channels iind therefore found it unnecessary to make settlements on the sea side the Indians brouj;lit their furs by lakes and rivers to tho posts of the St. Lawrence and of the L'pper Lakes Fort Nomiscau built by the French Company of Canada Lidians from, come to Quebec and recpiest a Missioimrj' Father Dablon returns with them by order of tho Ciovernor, accompanied by Sieur de la Vallii-ro and live .S(ddiors Sieur Couture makes a journey to, on the like roijue ;t, by order of Governor d'Avaugour, and takes renewed possession he also is acc7, 477 467, 477 1663 626 1666 566 5l2 1667 1 G89, 176 566 1667-8 666, 626 1667-8 566 629 1670 341 170-88 341 1671 630 Joi!«r ArrENDix, Index. .ToiNi- III Index. 741 III'DMON s li.vY AM. SiiiAiTM i',,„lii,iMl l.y tl.u Frm.«l, t., tl.i. n.irtl. of 'tl,'..' iu'iitu't uf l,„„'.l t|,'i, ' ' ' "'" yi'Hr. vw • u|...n thu Al.l.itihl.i Uiv»r. Pi^.M.t.iKany l,ak,., u,„l l,.,tw...,. tlu, niitiiiilihi§ mill AHsinipi.oU _, "■"' ' "'•""'"'"' "■I""-'" " HtHl.liHl,m,.nt 'uuirnf' a' 'rmich p.i«t '.m' tho' m',„„o '"' '* ''" »'■ niin till' Kiij.'li^lic(imiiii)rcii tl.u Kronch (',„„p..ny „f Cunu.hi m.uU ..„o of iU »hi,« U,' the Hay. «l,i.l, wiiitm ' '"'^ tlU'Il' "'" '' I"'K'"" '»» ^'•"•<1 ""'"l H'i.li««o„ Knii'.lo.' (iroMeilier. 'to'tho'liii'v wlu.ro '"''' ""''*' tliiiy uruot Fort Iloiirlioti , . , . , _ , Jolit't'i. voy,i«o t<. ".'•'' "-" KmliHHo,,an.ld«,Gro,a„llio,,,.mvHwithtw^;Hhi,mati\,rt'N;;iHo,Mi,M,v '"'" ""' foi( KniirlMiti, AiiKimt •'" KnKl„h MW,l,.,„ont within 150 ImKuoH of NoIhI,,,' Uiv«r' ! l!!!!!; ^"'"' !!^!; ? the C'„M,,„in.v or,i..r .lnh„ Hridger to urc.t h ,„mt »t Port NoUo,, ' .' „;„: ,,.;'■';: whore lu, ,urive« after Ra.lig*,.,, .,,,.1 ,h,» (!ro.,olli„r. HiHli'^Vl r.'.otili.ooa hu and his people are Hei/ed hy tlie French ^,■,^„ ' ^'''K oTL'. Who aUo make tho youn«er Gillani and his orow prigonorB, and ' " ' ""' "' capture their vchhoI , . ,, '•"'"«'"•>•<' "prinmnded for unwarrantjibly restorinu it ' " '*"!n! tho HmUoM Hay Con.pany l„nld Fort Albany, o„ AlUny Kiver . . . .■'.'.■.■■;: ' ' „;„, "^J Louis N I \ . claiuig prior posnoMion of the Hay ''l^. "I" orders do la Harru to prevent the KiiKlish settling there. ''*^' !!!!! aPreia.h vessel nmkesa voyage to IIua.,>„'s(Julf.2()01ea,MU.Hnorrh of th/aVv Um I't!, .11 Indian tnhes in vicinity promise to trade with Du LIlut aud not w„h the ' fciiaiish Gauhier de C.uporto «.,d asmlciato. applyfora «ra„tof the River H^ui-lio;;; : ] ulH US 10 Kn.dish seize and plun.ler Fort Hourhon. duriuK a peace ,',' ,.,. , ,.>" tho CompaKnie du Nord send two shir« to Port Nelson I J, ''-"*"'•«- '^ the H. B. Co. hold Fort, Rupert. Albany. Moose. New Sever,,; and Nels;,,,; '. ' Uml S de Dononvd despatches de Troyes overland, to drive out the English and ' to punish Radisson and his adherents as deserters ,,,o . m-.K ■„ ''*'""'''"'■''«*''''•*'' '^'''''"y-'i"i'«'-t.Mnd Moose.' .v.. '.'.■. ■.;;.' ,„'„,; ..-oiS? [DbervillecHpturosNewSeverninlfiOOandNelsonin 1(194. (^.«„m,, Note ii )1 ' ^^ a Ilicrville s men capture an En^dish ship in IiKlian trade diverted from Fort Nelson to the posts established by Du L'Hut uZ I'm Fort Nelson tho only post held by tho EuKlish .. J'^^i'i^Hur, n,H, (,.jo M. du Tas commissioned t^. capture it ....!... , .'"" ''"''* the like commission given to d'Iberville ^'^^ """* the Hudson's Hay r.„npanv recapture tho forts 't.Uenauriu^ ihepeacj ■::;•• um 571 fllfn? the I rench drive the English from tho bottom, of the Bay i,.,,^- ' ' '"^^ make de la Forest Governor of Fort Albany ^^^ and recapture Fort Bourbon (Nelson) in ,,.„ ^''^^ three of the Fort« capitulate to tho English , "'"'^ but are restored to the French by virtue of the Treaty oV Rys^i'ck iS- T.' '!^ the French rebuild New Severn Fort and so cut of}' tho tnule of^Albaw rol ' ''I hold all forts on. excepting Albany . . ^ ,. J'" '""* surround tho English at Albany, on all sides 7:, , "'"*' ^''^ monopolize the trade-^tho Company not paying expenses'. '. ', '. '. '. '. '. '. 16<)7-1711 57s' 4 do a largo trade at Port Nelson ^ ■ . ^l give up Fort Nelson, by virtue of Treaty of 'u'trecht """ ,-1! !!t° establish a post in the interior on Albany River il,? French post established on Seal River, which intercepts' ti.e' 'trade ' ^"' of the Bay Forts control the interior trade, getting ail' the 'cho'ice'furs.'.'.". S '"'vf.^ Governor Vaudreuil instructed t., resist English encroach.nonts on the unsettled Forts on and at, prior to ^''^^ ^18 Se^ Albany. NtUou, PoU ; Moc^t/aurcluH- Euperti New 'severiu ""^^ ill 4 V>*ii, PauI! iiiiilrr 1(171 Gl!) il tliiit •11 tint lti7;i 178 UlHUu iiitiTH i)i7;i 5(17 flioro iii7ri (I.'IH ibiiiM Itl7tl ii;7!i tlL'li 621 HWL> IliHJ ->(i • I-."-' 3 (L'.'i 4 l!l, :.H5 Il!»,(i23 ,,.„., ( fi, 572 < 122-3 1)182 408 » 024 1083 670 l(i83 fi23 (i23 1(!83 tt23 l(i84 fi24 1(!84 (i2r> l4 037 10!)0 572, 030 .. 1097 488, 0.37 1701 5(i4 1702-14 ■i04, 573 1711 573 1007-1711 573-4 rr 1713 640 1714 040 1715 100 Jo !c 1730 10(i, 582 1747 581-2 id 1755 516 1703 748 IIIDSON'M lUV ASM HimiTH r„„li„n,.l: KHK.NrllrrillllK.rtl'llMlKMK llllfl MK.MOIKS ri'llltilll,' til LiMITh (IK, Hpllnilltmollt (if t'lillMllinniiiMl'll* to HUttll! till', [llnvliliil inV \K TIIK FflKNcil To, fl'iini tilt' St. LawioiH'u 'I'kkatiks lietwei'ii (Iroat Itiitain and Kriinci', ri'latiiin to: St, (Jukmain kn-Lwk, iiHtmiiiir t'aiinrla, etc., to Franen, whuri'in no riHi'i-vation of, is made liy the Hritish . , Hhkha, fixed the limits of the Fiumli at the parallel of 00^ Nkituai.ity, wliereliy each nation t i hold thu domaiim in .Vmeriea then in thoir poHsetision I'ko VISION A i„eoiieerniiif,'.\meiiea,fora temporary Hiispeii.sion of hoHtilities. Kyswiik, eontirmiii;,' to the Freneh the |ilaees taken hy them durinj; the peace, lint re-taken liy the EiiKlish iTHF.iiiT, restoring Mmlson's Day and Straits to the English Pakis, eedint,' the whole of Canada, inclndiiif,' the French portion of the country of Hudson's Hay, to (ireat Hritnin VoYAiiKH to— the allej;ed xpedltion of the Danes early French and En^'lish voya),'e8 HUDSON'S HAY COMP.ANY, its orij,'iii, due to Freiuli exiiloration and discovery diih Royal Chamter, incorporating, May 2nd ex' •■•■;* ry granted by coulirmed for seven years by .\ct of Pailiainent Lkoai. OriMoN.s on their charter— Sir D. Ryder iind Sir \V. Murray. .Attorney and Solicitor-tiuneral Sir R. Bethell and Sir H. S. Keating M. Cauchon's review of Ol'EiiATioNs diiriiif,' the |)eriod 1070-1820 :— appoiiil Charles Haily 570-1, 627 87 629 32 571-2,036-7 11 573 14 504, 573 564, 673 13 176-7, 503 177 19 201, 580 10 194 17 581-2,716 681-2 9 582 <> 582 19 681-2, 710 19 581-2, 716 3 177, 530 3 688, 716 4 177-8,588 716 177-8 583-5 9 716 5 180 i 178 i 178 I 179-80 ) 178-0,204-5 168 169 170 1 581 5 586 594-6 681 581-2 681-2 581-2 582 I 582 I 582-3 i 683-4 586 HUDSON'S UAY COMPANY, Report of Parliuiiiuntary Ccjimnittuc of 1740— CVd^inKw/; CDrrospoiidence with (ioveinor Sargeiuit] urging him to cultivato tho intui'inr tnulo 1683-5 tlioir SL'ivants rof use to travol inland Claims, Memokials, and Pktitio.ns, of Petition to King Chiirlus II., as to their rights 1682 PetitionH and Monioriiils laid before the Conunissionors appointed to execute tlie Treaty of Neutrality I(i87 456-61- Answer to a nieuiorial for justifying tlie pretensions of France to Fort Bourbon 1609 Reply to the French answer to above 1699 Statement of rights, after the the Treaty of Ryswiek 1700 Memorial to the Lords of Trade as to boundaries 1700 claims to the Albany, or par. of 53" on the west, and the Rupert on the east the Lords suj-'gest, if the French refuse the above, to projiose the parallel 52A' on the east 170I their rejily, i)roposing the Albany and East Main I70I Representation to tlie Lords of Trade 1702 picture their melancholy pn^sjiect, holding Fort Albany only, and henniied in by the French on every side their claims as set forth in Oldmixon's account 1708 Petition Her Majesty, reviewing their position 1711 Memorandum to the Lords of Trade 1712 propose as south-east boundary, a line from C. Perdrix to Lake Mistiissin Petition Her Majesty for authority to take possession, accordin"' to Treaty of Utrecht I7I3 Memorial t6 allies of the British against the United States 1794 HURON, Lake, traversed by Champlain l(ill-12 navigated by La Salle in a largo barque, on a trading voyage 1077 the trade on its tributary rivers well organized and developed by the French 101)9 middle of, declared to be part International Boundary 1783 I BERVILLE, SiEVR d\ son of M. Lemoine, in command at Hudson's Bay 1687 A liis crew captures a Hudson Bay Company's ship off Charleston Island 1687 forms plans to capture Port Nelson 1090 M. de Denonville recommends him for a commission in the navy 1090 ordered to Hudson's Bay with three shii)S to attack Fort Nelson 1093 ILLINOIS, Country of the, discovered by Marquette and Joliet 1G73 explored by La Salle 2079 who takes pt>ssession and erects forts and buildings 1079 included in the Government of Canada 1712 annexed to Louisiana I717 exclusive trade of the, granted to the Western Comi)any I717 trading licenses for, granted by the (Jovernor of Canada 1717 Governor Vaudreuil's plan for fortifying it „)i/f 1752 posts and military establishment of, as mentioned by Governor I'(jwnaU 1750 included in the Cession to Great Brit^iin by Treaty of Paris 1703 French settlements in, at time of cession— Fort de Chartres, Kaskaskias, Prairie des Roches, St. Phillippe, Cahokia, Village de Ste. Jeune Veuve [^St. (Jenevieve]. . 17C3 population of 1763 Proclamation of General Gage to French settlers of the 1764 Settlements of ^yg^ Captain Stirling despatched to take possession of posts in the 1766 receives the surrender of Fort Chartres the Indians of, have a conference with Colonel Croghan, and consent to the British occupation of the forts 176B papers relati ig to the establishment of Civil Government in 1773 the Earl of Dartmouth to Lieutenant-Governor Gage, on the necessity for the same 1773 Mr. Bloilin to the Earl of Dartmouth, on the desire of the inhabitants to be put under some form of government, and submitting a plan for the same 1773 the Earl of Dartmouth in reply, promises that the matter will receive attention, Decemb 1st 1773 Imperial Connnissions to Matthew Johnson, as Lieutenant-Governor and Superin- tendent of 1775 recites that it is within " our Province i>{ Quebec " M. de Rocheblave, British Commandant t)f , 1784-5 Colonization of. Sir W. Johnson to the Lords of Trade, in regard thereto 1776 Paqe. 182 590 421 423 426 189 187-9 598 190-1 316 633 033 004 547 631 633 638 533 634, 630 630 634 634 636 633 033 633, 044 651 651 651-a 641 603 603 356, 624 603 605 356 605-6 366 366 608 359-04 369 360 863 382-3 383 386 614 Page. 182 51)0 421 423 426 189 187-9 598 190-1 316 633 633 604 547 631 633 638 633 634, 630 630 634 634 636 633 633 633, 644 661 651 651-8 641 603 603 350, 524 603 606 356 605-6 366 366 608 359-64 359 360 3fl3 382-3 383 386 614 747 YXAR. Paob. ILLINOIS, Coi,ONizATio>f OF— Cdut timed : its aettleinents ;uid inhabitants 614 Joint ILLINOIS, Lake of the, other name for Lake Michigan. ' Appendix. RiVEK discovered and traversed by Maniiietto and Joliet 1678 633 Tribe of the, alhes of tlie Fiencli, coniijosed of Cahokias, Kaskaskias, and Metchi. . 644 visited by Maujuette and Joliet 633 and by La Salle 033-4 INjDIAN Tribes of Nortli America 175(j go4-6 allit f the French 604-6 ill' ':•! f tlie British 604-5 Tb. ' u zed as subjects of British and French, respectively 1713 505 Irencii policy towards 47O, 512, COl-2, 607-9, 633, 688 OF HvD.-iON's Bay. See Northern Iiuliuns. 6v THE Illinois— Caliokias, Kaskaskias and Metchi 644 Treaty of Lake Sujjeriiir 1860 169 INDIAN Terkitokies, so called, their boundaries explained 186 Canada never out of possession of I79 operations of the Hudson's Bay Company in I7O jurisdiction in the jgy Act i)rovi(liiig for granting licenses of exclusive trade in 417 License for exclusive trade in, granted to the H. B. and N.-W. Cos., jointly 1821 421 and renewed to the H. B. Co. (representing both companies) for twenty-one years, in 1838 423 remarks on, by tlie Commissioners of Crown lands (Canada) 1867 1 79-80 INDIES, Co.MPANY i>f tlie. See Coinpaitij. INTENDANTS of New France. See Betjon, Bujut, Buuttruue, Hocqitart, Talon. Commissions of. See French Coinmissions. INTERNATIONAL BOUNDARY, between Canada and the United States. defined by Definitive Treaty of Peace, from Bay of Fundy to most north- western iioint of Lake of the Woods, thence due west to the Mississippi 1783 638 not recognized as binding by Great Britain till 17!)4 534-47 Jay's Treaty makes provision for settlement of tlie, west of Lake of the Woods 1794 549 Treaty of Ghent makes provision for survey of the, from River St. Lawrence to Lake Superior 1814 649 Index. Convention of 1818, declares the 49th parallel of north latitude, from Lake of the Woods to the Stony Mountains, to form part of the 1818 660 Treaty of 1842, particularly describes the, from Neebish Channel to the most north-western point of the Lake of the Woods 1842 660 Oregon Treaty settles the, from the eastern side of Rocky Mountains to the Pacific Ocean j^g^g ggn INTERNATIONAL LAW, rules of 669 70 687 8 INTERPRETATION of Acts and Treaties, rules of ....!!.!!.!!!!!!!".!'!!!!!! 670-1 IROQUOIS Coi'NTRY. See IroquuU Indians. IROQUOIS, River of the, other name for the St. Lawrence above Montreal. IROQUOIS Indian.s, visited by Cliami)laiii jgOg ^30 Chaniplain goes to war against the j(jj2 631 send an embas.sy to Quebec to request do Lauzon to form an establishment in their '-'"""•^'•y 1655 631 he sends a colony and garrison of 60 Frenchmen there 1656 631 who build a fort and form an agricultural settlement at Ganentaa, in 1656 631 grants of land in the country of the, made by Governor de Lauzon 1656 631-2 continue to trade with the French 631-2 make articles of peace with M. de Tracy , iqqq 530 formally placed themselves and country under the protection of the French King ... 1665 478 the country t^iken formal possession of by the Governor of Canada 1666 478 receive M. Courcellos ai Cataraqui, and conclud j a Treaty 632 where M. do Frontenac builds a fort X673 632 make a Declaration of Allegiance to the French juaS 632 priority of the French as against the English title to the lands of the 633 trade of, with the French at the posts of Cataraqui and Niagara , . 632 «t war with the Oltrtwus and French Iggg qoa i Joint Appkndix. Index. 748 TAMES' BAY. See Hicchan's Bay. JAMES, Cai-tain, an English navigator, made a voyage in search of the North-West Passage. . 1G3I entered Hudson's Bay and sailed south to latitude 52° and winters at Charleston Island lo31-2 JAYS Treaty.— Treaty of Amity, Commerce and Navigation between Great Britain and the United States jitjjj provides lor the evacuation of the frontier posts by the Britiali and fui tlie survey of the Jlissisaippi to ascertain its extension northwards JEFFERYS, Tiio.MA.s, Royal geographer, notes on his map of 1702 JEREMIE, M., commandant of Fort Bourbon, under special commission from the King 1708-14 his official orders to deliver it up to the English 1714 the value of the trade of Fort Bourbon 1713-14 JBRVIS, Sir John, his opinion as to the claims of the Hudson's Bay Company under their Charter Ig50 based on the exparte statement of the Company JOHNSON, Sir William, Commissioner of the Northern Indian Department, his report on the views of the Iroquois, as to their indejjendence 1709 his report to the Lords of Trade, on the Illinois country 1770 JOHNSON, Matthew, Imperial Commission of, as Lieut. -Governor and Superintendent of the Illinois "in cm- Province of Quebec " 1775 Under-Secretary of State informs him of his appointment 1775 JOLIET, Louis witnesses the taking possession at Sault Ste. Marie, by St. Lusson 1671 discovers, with Father Marciuette, the Illinois country and the River Mississippi 1672 t'ley descend that river to latitude 32°— the Arkansas aiil take possession in King'j name makes a voyage to Hudson'? Bay ^irc 1079 JUDICIAL COMMITTEE. See Frivy Council. JUDICIAL PROCEEDINGS 1818-1807 De Reinhard case 1818 official correspondence relating thereto, showing the granting of His Majesty's Free Pardon 1819-21 McLellan's case ■ 1818 Case of Brown and Boucher jgjg Connolly vs. Woolrich ^357 against the Hudson's Bay Company— suggestion of the Law of Officers of the Crown, that they be by sci>i,/<(i i«« 1858 JURISDICTION OF Canadian Court-s. Act — 43 Geo. Ill, c. 138, extending the criminal to the Indian territories, and those parts of British North America, not'cognizivble by any other 1803 declared by 1-2 Geo. IV., c. 06, to extend to H. B. Co. 's Territories 1821 Act— 1-2 Geo. IV., c. 06, extends civil of Upper Canada to Indian and H. B. Co.'s Territories ig2i OP Province of Upper Canada in the Dtsputed Territory / KAMANISTIQUIA (-guoy,-ciuoya,-goya,-goia.), [Post orig nally established by Du L'Hut in 1679, (N.Y. Hist. Col. vol. IX. p. 795, and Parkman's Great West p. 256,) on the site of the present Fort William] Sieur de la Noiie instructed to re-establish the post at 1717 the first advanced post towards the Western Sea mentioned by Jeflferys as the first of the chain of French posts west of Lake Superior j^ygj and by Gov. Carletcn in his return of the French upper posts 1768 KANSES, Tribe, inhabited the Missouri country Fort Orleans established in their vicinity KAOQUIA. See CuhokUi. KARSLAKE, Sir John, opinion of, on Hudson's Bay Company's Charter 1808 KASKASKIAS (Koskaskin, Kaskaski) River, in the Illinois, French settlements in vicinity of. . 1700 Tribe, a division of the Illinois Indians Post op, mentioned by Governor Pownall as having been built ante 1752 regarded by Vaudreuil as the principal f ' on the Mississippi 1752 Paob. 666 666 666 048 648 648 712 640 576 640 180 180 542 614 383 384 633 020 033 033 633 021 659-91 659 081-4 084 685 687 229 406 417-19 417-19 179, 205-6 412-16 640 040-1 183 Oil 643 6'43 289 614 644 603 603-4 I Year. Paok. 1031 600 BOO i<;3i-2 560 17i)4 r)48 548 648 712 1708-14 040 1714 570 1713-14 040 1850 180 180 1709 542 177u I'll,,. ' '' P''"--'- « (M.nnesota) River, built by Lo S„eur. .n,r 170O LICENSES TO MINE w..it „f hs" F.n ,. j , ^ iiJ>hii!> lU TRADE (r,.m,^.,) granted by the French Oover.u.rs of Canada - as iHsiied by Vandreuil and Begon. . De Bougainville's account of 1717-18 [and Ontario Appendix, pp. 25-30] ^"^'' Gov. Pownall's account of Gov. Carleton's account of ^^"'' Act authorizing the same ^^'^^ livvnw xy ^^'^''^' ^'"-' H . B. Co ., representing also the N \V Co in LIE\RE, RiviKREDu, dischiirKingintothpOft»„,„ f '" ^^ • " • i-<>, in jg3g canungto ' '^ ^''""'^'^'■^' """' "^ '''^ P""' °f Temis- LIEUTENANT-GOVERNOR OF ONTARTn' ' "." V ' r '■, 1725 ^UK OS> ONTAR O, extracts from the Speeches of from tlie Throne, as to the reasons for delay in the matter of the Boundary Arbitration •' "'X!:;;: 'ttn'^'t/"" "'''"^"^"^•' -"-i^ aUenti.;„to-tha '''""' decision of the arbitrators, January !)th . 1 o.„ "*"'Di;:;i::^r'""" ^^"'".^'^"'^•--'^- reBpecti„gthe;naction;f '' u^y 13th '^"'''""'^"' ■" ^""fi™'»g l-^-dary award, Jan- his despatch to the Secretary of' State,' re jurisdiCion "in"' and un- '"'^ fortunate condition of the disputed territoiy. i„ absence Index. °, ""'^"7^7 '''•g'«'-''*'""-^"d inviting Dominion Ooverninent to State the terms to which it is prepared to agree, December his despatch to'tho'sec;et«'ry;,f's'tate'i„"answer'tote;msfor '""' LONO L.K., on the line of the rntr;;::^ Z^Si^l'^rr ::;rS; ''''''-''''' '''' T ORnJT"''''^ ''^ """"'""•■ ^''^"''" '*" ""« "f '^he French posts of Canada ""'' ^^^^ their correspondence and representations on the affairs of the Hudson's Bay Company. 1 ^'^^'u, LOUISIANA, Charter of exclusive trade of, granted to M. Crozat ^ ^'^^ ' made dependent on the general Govenunent of New France J!Jf boundaries assigned to 1712 exclusive trade of, granted to the Western Company " .' the Illinois country anne.ied to ^'^' routes of the French from the great lakes to '^^^'^ Governor Pownall's account of its posts in ^"^^ LowEn oAf,ADrr ai.Xt"" '"'■"•'" ™<'"'W"' -"'■■■.: : : : : : : : : : ; ; ::, IJS LLSSON, SiEUR DE St. See St.'Lussm. LUTH, Du. See Dn L'Hut. LYMBURNER, Aoam, agent in London >f the British inhabitants of Quel-ac the Provide SQueber..' ""'"' " *" ""^ «^"''-' ''«''"- "^ his proposed boundary line of the Provinces'of Upper and Lower Canad.' ' ' " '^^^ hm observations on matters relating to the same . . ' ' ' MACDONALD, Sir John A., '" !;rf:?a:r!i'Te1:^?H'tV°'r™^*'""°^ the Manitoba Act. 29th.; .!!...!.. """' "'" ""'"" °^ Provinces, December 1870 Paok. 187 644 1C2-3 104 f)41 044 6(11-2 ()09-ll 421 417 423 653 720-1 126 134 137 146 584 603 603 597 562-64, 575-77, 579,588 651 651 651 651 661 597 603 710 392 392 394 394 395 333 I i Year. 1806 1700 Pauk. 187 644 1854-00 1863 1C2-3 164 1717-18 1757 641 644 1766 1768 601-2 (109-11 1821 421 1838 417 423 1725 652 1874-8 720-1 1879 I2f) 1881 1881 1791 1791 134 137 1882 146 1783 584 1756 603 1756 00,T 1721 597 701-2, 502-04, 712-14, 575-77, 1759 579,588 1712 051 1712 661 051 1717 651 1717 C51 1721 597 1766 603 1763 710 392 392 394 394 395 333 MacMAHON, 751 MACDONALU, Sir ,Iohn A.—t'o„tit,uei1 : luB KepDrtrcRpectiiigiiistfueHdimto Dmninion Houndary Commissioner, wlierphy llio hfiglit of land and Ihi" iii.iiiliiui of tlio junction . f the Ohio and the Missi-;- ippi, nru cliiiniod t . be tho norther y and westerly iMmndnries re.spf c- tively ' f ( )ntari ■, March 11 ' hi-i Hoport propiwinj,' rcfo-cnce of boundary (luestion to Judicial Committee of Privy ( 'oiincil and provisional arrargument as to lands in the interim, May 1 MACDONELL, Milks, | roclaniation of, setting forth the 1 mit^ , f Hudson's 15ay Company's grant to fiord Selkirk ' MACKENZIE, Sir Ai.kxani.kr. a partner in tho North-West Company, tho first civilized man to cross tlie Pocky .Moiihtains north of Mexico discovers the head wati is of the Fraser River and effects a [mssage to the sea HudH, Q.C, his Statement of tho Case of the Dominion of Canada regarding tho boundaries of Ontario, as presented to tho arbitrators supidementary Statement of the Case of the Dominion his Argument before the arbitrators, August 2 and 3 Sir J'riiiiiiis Hincks' defence of MrDOrCiALL, Hon. William, appointerotested against and the Company's title denied by Canada, June 22nd McGILLIVRAY, William ano Simon, (and Edward Ellice), partners in and representing and reiiiesenting the North-West Company, receive, jointly with the Hud- son's Bay Coiniiany, a license of exclusive trade McKENZIE, UivKR, discovered, explored and traded on by the servants of the North-Wost Company McLELLAN, ARCHiHALn, extracts from Chief Justice Sewell's charge in Case of .'.'.....'.... the western boundary of Upper Canada held to be the meridian of the junction of the Ohio and Mississipjii but the (luestioii is reserved for the docifcion of His Majesty in Council MACHAULT, Fort, a dependency of Fort Du Quesne, on the Ohio MACKINAW. StieMirhmimn,'ki,„ic. MAOUELEINE Islands, ,,lace,l under Governor of Newfoundland by royal proclamation .annexed to Province of Qiiel)ec by Quebec .Act MAV.OUMINES (.Malhommis or Follbs-Avoine) Tribe, Chiefs of, attend St. Lusson at Sault Ste. Marie acknowledge the sovereignty of France MANDANES, Tribe, located at the Great Bend of the Missouri and on the St. Peter's Riv, r^ consent t ) the taking possession of tho western countries by M. Perrot ... MANITOBA, The Province OF, established and its boundaries defined by Dominion Act 33 Vic.c. 3, Act of its Legislature, 40 Vic, c. 2, consenting to a variation of its boundaries, by the mb-titution of certain known linesi Act 44 Vic , c. 1, of its Legislature, providi ig for tho extension of its boundaries, Dominion Act 44 Vic, c. 14, for the xtnnsion of the bou.idaries of Agreement of, with Ontario, regarding the reference of the question of boundary between the two Provinces to tho Privy Council Order in Council of, respectin;,- the reference [ despatch of Lieut. -Gov. of, respecting the reference special case agreed to bo so submitted Manitoba Act, 47 Vic, Cap. 2, authorizing the reference . . MANTANTANS. See Mandnncs. MAPS— Early Maps op the Disi'iftrp Territory Memorandum on (being those annexed to Mr. Mills' first rop.irt) by S. J. Dawson .... to be used before Privy Council, agreement of counsel as to mentioned in "Notes on Maps," agreement of counsel as to MAP op North America, Extract from Bellin'.s remarks on MAREST, Father Jo.seph Jean, Jesuit, a missionary among the Sioux witnesses the taking possession of the countries of tho Upper Mississippi by Perrot. . Year. Page. 1872 .'»29 1872 3:m 1814 580 1793 180 1798 187 1878 21 1878 39 1878 78-101 1881 120-1, 123 1808 274 1871 336 18; 2 331 1880 119 18ti0 259 1800 259 1821 421-3 178, 186 1818 084-5 084-5 685 1750 003 1703 351-3 1774 367 1671 619 1071 619 108!i 021-2 1870 320 1877 339 1881 136 1881 136 1883 1 1883 5 1884 5 1884 3 1884 4 710 14 3 94 710-14 721 721 1755 643 1089 022 1689 622 .lolNT .Al'PKNniX. Inde Joint Ari'KNMI Index. 782 ^ MARQCETTE. Fathkh, .iK.srir, vernor of Canaihi west of Lake Superior.. . 176I ibq MtMOIH, of April, 175.^, extra.t from, as t.. tho cession ro.,uiro.l of France in Hudson's Bav under the Treaty of Utrecht... . MEMORANDUM .,f the Hon. Jo...C.u.ch..n. Sao CauehoiC ' "* of Cliief.Iustic Draper. See Draper. on early maps. See Mnpn. vr,.^o T^-. ,..,,. '^'■»«™"'"«it''etwecn Ontario and Manitoba. See Manitoba. MER DOICE, a name usually applied to Lake H.no,,, imt applied in St. Lv^bhoW. proch verbal of 1(<71 (p. (ilO) t.i Lah' Snperinr. MER D'OUEST (ur. .,(),>est) La.-the Western Soa-tho na.no given by the early French geo- graphers and by the French of Canada to a supposed inland sea corresponding ni position with tho (Julf of (;eorgia (Straits of Vancouver ) PO.ST OF -Post of the Western Sea-oxtonding fr,.m tho western watershed of the St. Lawrence to the R..cky mountains .,r to tho Pacific, and fn.m tho L ppor Mi8s,,uri to tlio imrthorly watorshe.ls of tlie Winnipeg and the Saskatchewan „,„ , „.. ^ , , ,. , , ., 640-1,611,044-5 Lstiiblished w Ml a view to the discovery of the Western Sea 1717 04O-I F.uis erected in. • ^^^^_^^ ^^^^ ^^^_^ MfjK ui .>01{U, other name for Hudson s Bay. mI^y'^S,!!; f;C"^•"■,'^^''^"^=""".•■'"• commission appointing him Capt.-(!en., etc., of Canada. 1843 428 ME/\ , SiKi'K r.K, commission api.ointing him fiovern.ir of Canada ,fp, n.a MIAMIS F,uy Di- Uoiigainvilk' as oiiu (jf tin- P'n'ucli Trading Posts . . 1767 and by (Jovernor Carlutou a.t a iliipi'ndiiicy of Kanianisticiuia 1757 MIDDLETON, Captain, his letter to A. Dobl)s (,n thj trade i.f Hudson's IJay 1742-3 states that the Frenuli ruid-fiirs ili:.'' Imin intuKept tho trade of the English Eaki, OF, one ot the British Coiunuasioners lor e.xiciiting the Treaty ol Neu- tiulity of 1086 |()87 MINITIE Lakk, other name for Luke, of the Jf'oodn. MINNESOTA Uiveh, other name for the .St. Pair's liim: MISCOSINKE Lakk. .See Middnsiim. MlSSAt}AN.S— Missioame, See Michiiiun. MISSISSIPPI, KivKK, ROUTKS OF THK FrEN<'1I FUOM THE OREAT LAKES TO the Ohio on its whcde longtli the Miami, Wabash and Ohio 1721 the Fox and Wi.-iconsin Rivera 1773 the Chicago and Illinois Rivera 1073 [To these shcjuld be added tho routes liy Fond du Lac and the St. Croix— by the Menouiunie and Wisconsin — by Lake Michigan and the Miands (of the west), Theakiki and Illinois.] discoveredby Marquette and Joliet, who descend it to lat. 32" 1672 explored to its month by La Salle the French of Canada possess and h;ive establialiments on ante HiHb The Countkv of the Ui'i-ek, explored and tjiken formal possession of, by M. Perrot 1089 who establishes posts 'along its banks made boundiry between British and French possessions, from its source to River Iberville, by Treaty of Paris 1763 and navigation of the wind'', made free to both French and British .. 1763 made part western boundary of Quebec by the Quebec Act 1774 and of western boundary of United States by treaty of Versailles 1783 French forts and settlements on the Upper, and in the Illinois. Sue Kanhtskias, C'iMiires, Cuhokia, Frairie ilu lioehcr (des Jiuvhcs), St. Philippe, St. Niailus, Bonsecoim, Des Plenrs, St. Antoine iind Le Sueur. its advantages in connection with the couiiuerce of Upper Canada, pointed out by Lieut. -Governor Sinicoe 1792 the establishnientof a British factory on its western bank opposite the Wisconsin uiged by him pre-supposed by the Treaty of Versailles, that a due west line from the most north-western point of the Lake of the Woods, would reach the survey of, to its principal source or sources, provided for by Jay's Treaty, in order to determine tho ipiestion 1794 Meridian of confluence of with the Ohio. See Ohio and Mixnissippi. MISSISACAIGAN, Lake, (and Rometimes called Lac Buade, supposed to be Leech Lake)— shewn on certain early maps, as the source of tho easterly branch of tin- Mississippi MISSOURI, River, ascended by the French, and several posts formed its upper parts reached by tho Verendryesfrom the Assiboine, and explored to the Rooky Mountains 1742 argued by Mr. Dawson to have been the Upper Mississippi of the Treaty of 1783, and of tho geographers of tho last century MISSOURI, Triue, inhabited the country of the Lower Missouri MISTASSINS, Lake of the, the Hudson's Bay Company propose that the boundary line between them and the French be drawn through the centre of 1712-14 M. d'Auteuil's remarks on this proposition ]720 Post of the, was within the Royal Western Domain 1733 still retained by the French, and regarded as part of Canada 1765 MISTASSIN— MiSTosENY— MisTovENY— M1SCO8INKE. See Mistassins. Paob. 545 .loiNT 11)0 Al'I'KNDIX. (,4. -I oil 5M) 581 4r<0, 48<> 527-8 597, 609 597, 609 597, 033 633 633-4 633-4 021, 044 621, 044 530-1 Index. 530-1 300-7 533-4 53' '-40 538-9 534, 549 549 711-14 (i43 714 710-14 643 574-8 513 053 616 754 Joint Ari"KNi)ix. MONTCALM, M.Kgr,. ob. co«„a„der-.n chief .,f th. Fro.ch force. i„ Canada. his Index. MONK, Hon. reiich ru8|,uctiv«ly in Aiiiericn. ' accMint of tho «tate «,ul pro^pfctR „f Canada. Its population fsrinmtfd at 82.(K)0 souls the niilitaiy gt,„nKth of thf British un.l Fre ■"'""■ ■""'r,!,;'' "■ "" "• "' '■•■"■'"' '■■ "•"•'"■*■ •".•■ '•■ ». .■... ""™*^;:::,!;::;;:;;;ir,;;:::~;::rr^^^ «o«,. ..„ ., ,' ;;,,,=t:::::,';i:iT;;''z.« Rn-KH, French trad:: ^i: .I'l!'"^'^' <"^ ""■'" -"«•' *'-' «'• L--)- oound-'rifs to .tlllte. ill! ' oj)i.rtttions at. . .ante. tl.oy estaldish a pu>t on, to intercept and ruin the English fade 7' "itercopts the trade of Fort Uupert ""'"• ^. ho„ndar,es. as .'Znil^: ^TSt^;^^ '^"^^""" "' "^ -'"-^^- ' w.terl, his Argument before the Arbitrators h.s Argument in reply to Coun.sel for the Doniin'ion Mcu,u V .;r "■" '" ■"""" ""•'■■ -'~™^» '"» ™c ^,.»:';i, ™" '-""- " iUL. KUA V , James, comniission aDoointin,, hin, ('„„*„;„ n ._, '. . "^.^^ Sir I". o„„„,„„,„, «,,|„i,„i„t. |,i,„ c.„,,,.|„.u„„„| ' had been allies of the French .•neral) on JJADOUESIGUX-NADGUESSAUS-NADOWESSIES. See .Vo,... NAMCOSAKIO, Th.he, inhabited the shores of Hudson's Bay surrender of th^i'li "'aid .'"'"'f', ^''""" '""' "'^^■-' """ "'" 1856, Dec. 4.-The Colonial Secrel^" ;; 1'^^^^^^^^^^^^ ''^'"•"'*'' \'>'-"-"- ^^^^-i^'O - pany's license, the reftruoe of th ' ''r''""''''' ''""""' *^' "'" ^'""'- o ana 8.-^He communicates it tv the Col.,nial Seoretirv .,',,',1 V W 7^ 28. -Further paner of tl,« rf„-..f i .,„..-. . ' .'"^'"^ *""^ ^^ ''"-' «"vemor-Ge„eral. June 8.- .h.".'.2Sll''l?'"""*- '"*"" "■ "■.'""...«..,,»,..,„,., lie same Conunitteo . luona ( Ykar. Paok. 1751) (J46 I76II f)45 640 fi4« lMfl7 1045 1(ih;) 17(iO 1774 itioa 1005 l()H(; l(j«0 i(io7 1074 1074 1878 1881 1703 1704 1748 1757 1760 ns7 049 Ii23, OifO r.i7 370 »147 047 570, (i43 672, (i2!) 500-7 507 507 507 2] 45 106 134 366 366 598 007 607 645 645 104 166 106-7 168 193 193, 198 199 t09 Vear, Pa(ik. 1708 (145 1759 fMi U40 64U 1««7 fl«7 1)145 049 ICm:) 02a, 020 I7ti0 517 1774 1(70 1()03 047 1005 ft47 lt)8(; 570, 043 KiMt) 57!!, (i2t) IfiOT 500-7 1074 607 1(174 507 507 I87H 21 46 100 18S] 134 iTua 350 1704 350 1748 508 607 607 640 046 164 166 105-7 168 193 193, 198 199 t03 ■'V^ 75 NEOOTIATIONS, oto. -Coviinntd. July 18.— Tlio Cciinpiuiy Ntiito their jxinilion, iiiiil cuiucnt to n rofiTi'iui' i.f tlic c|1i('h- tiiin (if biiiimlary only, to tho I'rivy Council 22. liiHtiiictioiiK to thu [lurty onKftK«liirutiiiii of tlic cnuntry wi'Mtwiint to Find Uivur 22. — Finiil Ki'|)oit uf Chiiif .luHtiic Drniicr nuiiuctinK liiH iiiiHHioM 1868. ,/iin. 20. Thu ( ulnniiil OtHco nlliiH to njiii-w tlio ('t.nii)iuiy'n liii'iiHc uiiori tuiiiiN, and Mii^,'(,'fMtH thu (li'Hiialiihty of aset'i'taining the limits of tho temtniiuN claiuieil hy tlu and the Hurrendur of a jiortion to Cuniida 21, - The Company ,i«ree to the torniB and sU({t,'e»tion» 22— Tho Colonial ( (ttice transmits thj corresiiondciieo to the Oovornor-Oulieral, and intiinateM that tlie lm|ierial (iovornment will bu no jmrty to |>ructiud- ings for teHlinj{ validity of Charter AuK- 13, - The Canadian Parliament, by joint Address to Her Majesty, assert title to a i)orlioii of the territory covered by the License, suggest tlie surrender of other jtortions. and the reference of the i|ue8tions of boundary and validity of the tJompany's Charter to the I'rivy Council Oct. 12. — Tlie Company refuse to be consenting parties to any proceeding for testing validity of Charter Nov. 3. -The Colonial Otlice urges tho Company to reconsider thoir decision, and tlneatens to take effectual steps for closing the controvergy and putting an end to their License 10. — The Company reiterate their refusal Dec. 10. —The Law Otticers advise tliat proceedings for repeal of Charter should bo by .Hfi I'c fafUta 22.— The Colonial Secretary suggests that the Canadian Uovoniraent obtain tho writ of sei. fa 1859, .Tan. 28.— Tlie Company notified that their liccnwe will not be renewed, but that an extension of one year will be granted Feb. 8. — The Company decline tho extension, state their present position and their adhesion to the principles of their letter of 18th July, 1857 (uiitc) 11' — The Colonial Secretary presses the Canadian Cioveriiment for a rei)ly to his despatch of 22nd Dec. last (mpni) Mar. 9. The Colonial Otlice oU'ers to make the extension one of two years, and cliaracterizos the proposals of the letter of 18th July, 1857, as insutticient and illusory 10. — Tho Colonial Secretaiy transmits tho last correspondence U> tlie (ioveriior- 'ieneral, and intimates that failinif an answer from the Canadian (Jovern- ment by Ist May, tlio lmi)erial Uovornment will take such steps as tliey may be advised 15. — Tho Comiiany decline the offer of a two years' extension, and still refuse to be parties to suggested proceedings Mar. 18. 1 Tho Canadian Government, pressed for reply as to proceeding hysci.fit., April 4. J intimate that they will not advise such proceedings, but that they are of opinion tliat the bcnindaries should be speedily defined 29.— The Canadian I'.irliiiment, by Address to Her Majesty, represent that the onus of litigation respecting the validity of tho Charter should be assumed by the Imperial Government 1862, Mar. 8. — The Canadian Government represent the propriety of organizing the Saskat- chewan territory, under 22-3 Vic, cap. 20 Apriil 10. — The Colonial Secretary replies that as the Act does not apply to territories claimed by the Company, the organization of tho territory in question cannot be undertaken 15. — The Canadian Government ask for the Company's co-operation and aid in a scheme of overland road and telegraphic connnuuication, without preju- dice 10. — The Company decline, but intimate their readiness to surrender all their chartered rights, on eijuitiible terms 25. — Tho Governor-(ieneral transmits this correspondence, and urges the Imperial Government to take such steps as may enable Canada to carry out the project S Paoi. 2C'' JfltNT Al'I'KNDII, 211 13 213 993 994 996 996 996 998 220 230 230 231 234 236 233 838 239-40 240 241 248 243 243 844 Index Joint Appkniiix. 18. N..V 11, T). Index, 7S0 NEU0TIATI0N8, eto.-<'o„ti„vf,l. May Itt.— Thu C.imimny to [the C.>l(iiiiftl .Socrut«ry, infinmtiiiK tli;it tlu.v h Ml iwitluT o|i|i(>iic iior iihI Uiii priijci't ; ilq.rtriiitiiiK tin, I'lmriictur of tliu country; liiiil ifiiuwiiiK the nll'Li- ,,( Hunviidoi- ii|ioti tiiiim 18IW, F.'h 18.— Assertion of tlio diiinis of t'lum.ln l.y virtiu' of Hi,> Froncli iHwsi.itHioii '"^' • CoK.nial Olfiou, in view of i)un(lin« m'Kotiations with the t'oniidiny for aurCerwier of iU claiiim, giiggoHfs tliiit flio Ciumdiiiii (Jovuiiiiiimit fitlim wnd n (lulei«,reii«ntation „f t),, ,.,ews „f r)H'Canii«liim(iovL!iniiii hi, witlum iiitiiiiiilloii lial lliu Ij.iM. (JuorKO Hrow n « rll eoiiuminitnti) tlicM.! i c fully 1805, .Ian. 2■ tliu tonniiiatimi of its tlaiiiiH, mid th;it fliu coniponHaticm, if any, l.o lai.s, midur thu liiipurial guaranlcc July [-■ -Report of the Ministerial Didegates 18Ct>, Feb. 20. — The Colonial OfHee, runiinding the Coniimny in regard to their ni«(.tiatiiiiiH for sale of their cultivable territory to Anglo-Anioricaii cai.italintB, that tho desire of tlie Caiuidian Ministers, assented to by Her Majesty, must be kept in view June 22 —Canadian protest against such alienation, and against the Company's preten- and 23. sions of title July 17.— The Company to tho Ccdonial Offlco, as to impending inroads of Americans, into, and the (piestion of tho future government of the Nortli-West . . . Aug. 1.— Communication of the preceding to the (iovernor-(ieneral 18.— Who rejilies that it is undesirable to decide as to the purchase ci. uiry, who makes new proposal 22.— Protest against the construction of tho Red River Road, l< ik trospaaa L.y Canada upon tho Comj)any'8 freehold 30.— Tho delegates asked for explanations Jan. 16.— They deny the Company's title, and assert that of Upper Canada to the country westward to Red River Fe '^— Th.e Company, in reference to the foregoing, claim the protection of the Colonit\l Minister ' Jai, IH ' , ■ .mpn>..-y in reply to tlic propoBals of Ist Dec. last (ifupru), i)njpo8e a and VL -aooey ■.■nmpensation as being more satisfactory 18G9 Paoi. 245 240 247 248 860 9Be-7 867 867 250 n JStttil 1 261 1 -868 1 863 1 2U3-5 206 205-1! 267-8 269 272 873 446 274 274-6 276 277 281 281 281-3 283 284-7 I'aiik. MS 946 247 248 250 !i5tI-7 2B7 257 2^9 l.'5!l-til Ml 26a 263-5 205 265-6 267-8 208 209 272 273 445 274 274-5 276 277 281 281 281-3 283 284-7 N'«5(l<)'riATIoNS, Fob. «. 22. 20. Mrtr. 0. n. 12. 13. lOumllrt 22. 27. 2! I. A|.ril 3. 10 10. May 8. 28, 2!» and 31. N..V. lU. 1«70, Due. 21).— 1H71, Juno2t). 757 off. i'iiilHinlid. Tim l)i'lu«atf», til tlui Ciiliiiiial Oltku, in Ki'iioial riiviowof paitf pi^ponalH ami iioKiitiutiniiH, aii«ui'tin« C'aiiaila'* titli- liy virtiui of tho FriMich pi.bmmiiioii, anil niakinu i'iinntiii-|ii'ii|iimal» - Tli'- <" paiiy invitwl tn »tiit' iSinv (ibjoctioim, if nny, to thoie cminter- '"|«mttU ~Hi'|il> iif till! ('oin|uiny -New toriim u( wnnvmUir |irii|ii>Ni'il hy tliu (Inloiiial (Jflloo — Aiul till' Inipcml gimrantui) of t'ltOO.WM) |.iiiniiHuil, if itucli turnis ucoiiituil . . — Rvir(iluti'>nit "f tho Ciiin|iany itmiiuutinK |>np|ni8uil nnnlilii atioiis The Delugatua ui i I'pt the nuw iinipiiinlH, but will not ci uwnt to siiy modiH- iiltlnn* - Ui'HiK'ctiii'.' •Ill' Naiiiii snliject, ai/'l im to detuiU Mi!tniiiiin(luiii ■f iirnviHinnul agruuniunt ui ii'^rard tn uurtnin dutniU Thu DoluKati . nmiiilain of thu Ci>in|Hiny'.s dolayn and ask for transfur nf Niirth-Wi'Ht Ti'iTitiiriim apart fruni Rll|)^•r^'H Land Mt'iiinraiiduni of fiirtlior anivoniunt rcspuctini^ dutails —The ("iimpany notitiud of the accoplanuo by tho iKilej^tus of thu terms of Hum'ndur Tlic Ciinipiiiiy'H airuptjinco -Tlie Colonial Si rietiiiy to tliu fiovernor-nouural, on the conclusion of tihu niii the loctitioii of the boundary line 19. — Ontario Order in Council, setting forth the boundaries elainieo for the Province Vxaa. 287 2it8 800 302-4 304 304 305 306-7 3O7 308 :t08 300 ;i0!» 310 310-12 U2-13 MIG 316 318 320 322 449 326 329 329-31 331 331-2 qqo o Ot>£l — \J 333 Joint Ari'KNiux. Inilux, Joint Appendix. Index. • 758 NEGOTIATIONS, etc.~f!o,itl,n,eH. May 1 aiul l(i.-- Tlic Dominion Govenimont recommend tho leforenoe <.f the question of Houmliiry t<, the Inii)enal Privy Council, and some provisi.mal ammgo- nient as to lauds ponding the decision ; and ask the concurrence of the Government of Ontario May 31.-Tho G.,vev,nnent of Ontario expresses regret that that ,',f theDonun'ion" is' not prepared to negotiate for e.mventional boundaries ; proposes reference to arbitration, and tlic including the disputed territory in the Province for cnnnnal puri.oses pending settlement ; and favours a provisional arrange- ment as to lands Nov. 7.-The Domini,.!, Government in reply adhere to the line 'set out in' the said IS-< n or -r, J"^*" "'«t"'ction8, aiul renew proposal for reference t<, the Privy Council i»<,i, Uec.26. -The Secretary of State (Caiwda) to the Lieutenant-Governor, calling atten- tion to the last preceding 1874. Mar. 23. -The Legislature ,.f Ont^irio approves of reference ' either to ' arbi'tration or to Privy (Jouncil in discretion of Lieut. -Gov. in Council, and of adoption of provisional boundary in the interim Nov. 10 and 26. -Report of Hon. Adam Crooks approved by Order in 'counci'l'('o„tar'io) t<) the effect that the Dominion Government had consented to arbitra- tion, and had nominated an arbitrator to act with the arbitrator nomin- ated on behalf of the Province, and recommending concurrent action for obtaining binding legislation 12 and 21.-Dominion Order in Council approving of arbitration,' nonii'nating the Domin- Nov. 21. 1 '"" arbitrator, and recommending concurrent action as above Dec' 3.' I '•''"' ''rbitrators are notified of their appointment 199/. A -,,0 '*"''"''" -■^'=* (•^*^ '^''^ ' '^■■'P- *■') respecting the boundaries .... 1»7(), April 12. -Dominion Act creating the District of Keewatin . . 18.8, .July 31. -Orders in Council of Dominion and Ontario respecting the final arrangements for the arbitration Aug. l-3.-Cases of Ontario and Dominion, respectively', submitted to'th'e a'rbitMtors 1-3.— Argument of Counsel before the Arbitrators 3.— Award of the Arbitrators 1878, Dec. 31. 1 Notice from the Ontario to the Dominion Oove'm'menti.f'proposed'l'egislation 187 J, Jan. 8. ) to give effect to Award,and suggesting the like legislation at Ottawa J. .-I he Lieutenant-Governor calls tke attention of the Legislature to the settle- ment of the boundaries by the Award Mar. 11.— OntJirio Act a— The possessions of France in America at this date confirmed to her by the Treaty of Breda, of 1()07 10(12 [ Uadisson and Des Grosselliers, servants of the French Company of Canada,'trading on & KiGG I Lake Winniiieg (being the upper waters of the Bourbon [NelsonJ) They procee 1 overliiid to the Bay (probably to Port Nelson or to Albany, or both), returning the same way, and thence to Quebec [/1/pwi.— According to the Journal of the Jesuits, Des Grosselliers and Hadisson appear, on 3rd May, 1002, to have been on their way to Hudson's Bay I'la Tadoussac, and it is probabl.. thnt it was in this way they gained the knowledge which induced them to lead Gillam'Hrst t > the Rupert instead of to the Bourbon River. See UdinKiiij, Nutc G.] 1G07— Treaty of Bieda contirms to PVance her possessions as of lOGo ; and she claims that her piior title to this place cannot be affected by the subsetiuent grant of 1070 1667-8— Vo,\ age of Gillam, conducted by Badisson and Di-s Gro^sellier-s to Rupert's River !!. Claimed by DeDeiionville that all previous English voyages either were directed to a diatoveiy of a N. W. passnge or failed to reach the Bay [Afem.— The last previous English voyage to the Bay was that of 1G31, being a period of ;i() years during which there was a complete abandonment of the whole Bay on their part.] See pp. 400, 556, 500, 500, 637. 160!)- Captain Newlandaiid Radisson said to have paid a passing visit to Port Nelson— being the tirst English vi.sit there since 1G31 1070— Charter to the Hudson's Bay Co., saving the rights of "the subjects of any other Christian Prince or State " 1671— St. Lusson receives, inter o/., the Indian nations of this vicinity and their lands, under the Dominion of France 1671 — Radisson said to have paid a passing visit to 1673 — And Des Gros.selliers this year ; 1674-5— There was as yet no English Fort there (Oldmixon) 1675— The French Co. of Canada send a ship to put a stop to the undertakings of tiie Emdisli' U winters .-li Port Nelson, there being then there no sign of English settlement lG76-Radisson an.l Des Grosselliers having obtained pardon, proceed, at the instance of the Frenrh Company, to the Bay and found a settlement hi^rr, ["which is the one [Fort Bourbon] the English seized last year" (1(J84;. DeCalli.'jres] 1680— Claimed that Captain Draper, in one of the H. B. Co.'s ships, entered the river! Paoe. 16] tloiNT 1711-13 490-503 A'-'-KNoix. 1761 617-30 653, 055 403 047] 460 647-8] 460 460 462-3 4i7, 638 453] 403 460, 477, 625, 028 lb. 404-5. .512] 463-4, ,-)(iO ,"i(ij Index. 464-6 566 629 460, 554, 500 341 619, 478, 628, 633, 467 654 507 5(J8-9 038 038 620 460 760 ■lol.VT Ai>PKNr)ix. NELSON, P,.HT-(V,»//,„„,,/ KIHl— Hjuliss(iii Felicity tho pc 1(> 1 , I., r.> . ■ '■'""""" "f Governor do Fr.,ntouac t„ ko in a vessel of Sieur le la ( he.nayo's to fonu ctahlishinonts in the Bay liadnson and De. Grossoliior. sent n g,,.,.., ,„ ,/.„ Frei^h'coyof c;u;;;^;:^';«; ships, rel.uiM hove a fort (Fort Hou.l.on] an.l n.waz, I he Inilians .,f tho vicinity, •' with w lished," received them well A JJoston ship, withont coinmisaion, and c (lavs siihsecinently, is, w;,h its I trade by land had been already estab- connnanded by yonng (iillan.,p,'.tting'in some crew, captured and taken to Quebi Inde ''"Tir'l':.'";""'":":'" "" "'"' " """^ r«P"n.anded by the hon.e Govern- .'oh,. 1 ;i,^;:';;nf ::r""'^^ '"^ 'r ^^''^ -«-'- (trading clandestinely)., n i ,.i^.„ aUected by that (Jomp .ny to be Governor of Port Nelson . i . i"''w>. J"^"';='. "'""«'" «t to n,ake a settlement in the River of Port Nelson" t:«;d-;;;r.:!z:is^:"'''""''"^^-- -' *>- -- convenient^:: I he like admission made bv the Company l!c!'^t '"!".'" '"';■; "":; ;'""' '"*' •^'--"'^ ?«■— t Utle" command'him ;» In .hfault he and his people are taken prisoners 1-3- Oovernor de ,a Ban. reports tir:^:^at' Qneb. of a' vessel n^S^" ""^ZX::::^ t n;:;:';;;;^^ ^ Lake-SnpeHor,thron.h -S^ur an 1«.«4- The Kin, (to De la Parre, before the intelligence of d.L'captnre of Fort Bourbon' h;; ;:;;; ;;,:;:r^"* ;-.•- tostabHsh,nents] whic. this] subjects would wisrt;r;n '"' (SolS""': ""' .'": ";^^^^'';;-'^'' "-' «-erno,^s •d;spatches' oveltod 'to' siiur liovernor de la Barre reports toiheKing tha^' h^ ,^8 'the E;.;.!ish; hea^led bv '■"'«oL'^" ^;"'"l'"''V'"'"'''' " «™"'' ^"^ '"•"">■" '*"d'assodates,';f'th;' River ^::"!: ''".''' "•''■y'.' ':"-.-"'"» '"« I'-n taken in the „a,ne of the King,' with pernnsstonto establish three posts thereon .' at 70 leagues from tUplZ .a:; ttll'll * the FarmevH arc The S.enr de Comporte, interested in the French Co. of Canada, goes 'to' London' f^r explanations ,.nd redress tonching the capture of Fort Bonrton. b t f , s t o 1 The F en ; c"" 1 O r' """,' ""^' " ^''^ '^ '"''""^ '-*— n.er^hants ly ' li.e Fum h C, ,.f Canada despatch two ships and fifty men, expecting to find their peoj.le an.l a .juantity <,f furs at Fort Bourbon Fin.ling it in possession of the English, they winter at'about half a lea intercept its trade, and return in spring to Quebec l(.8o- M. de Deiionville refers to the just titles nrovin,, Ili. \r ; ."> ■ I ".HO ,- The French Commissioners, De Barillon and Bonrep, Fort and the effects ca|)tnre7(), .'.7 1 , ■'>o I , (>:i9 .Ioint APfENOIX. 02() 629 .■•)71 483 029 034 034 (;3,-.-6 030 030 ."iTi, 030 489 039 t>40 040 040 040 570 580 1086 028 1001 477 1099 038 1756 003 1757 045 1751 (i57 1757 045 1708 Oil HiU-lL' 031 l(>80 451 Index 454 454 465 •TOINT Appendix, Index. ! I 762 NEUTRALITY, TRBATvor,-Co,.'^« "f the Donunion NEW FKANCF « ?f '"^""'^' "*' '" Hudson's Bay . ftieur Ue la Boche, appointed Lieut.-G,.ver„or of t^.^Z^:"'''' '^ '-^'y °^ Utrecht, res;rv;;,g to' F.n;:e-o;:,tain coast of Labrador to Hudson's' Strai;s:A;t;;;stia;;i Magdele^;, 1854 176 1867 433 1069 400, 500 1523-4 172 1504 030, 637 15!»8 647 those on the said coast made part of Uov iiie Islands, and .nation, OctVfth ^""°'' ""'"' ''"" "' Government of, by Koyal Procla- 1713 1763 605 362 • retaken [captured by D'Iberv-nie,'i69a''^„„;;„;n 1693 rebuilt by the French NEW YORK, northern part of, claimed 'as part' of Canada ""'' northern boundary of Province of, settled by Order-in -C.iuncil NIAPARA northern part of, held by the British. . . ^ ^"""''^ NIAGARA, Fa., o. I.. Salle_builds a ship above, for tradi;;gwithti;e French \,\ ' jirotect and con- iliite Lake Michigan ^ """' "'' ''T' "' "'" ^""^''^ "' For., on Niagara River below the Falls,' buiitbyDe' La Salle to' tniue the trade with the Iroquois NIPISSIM. See Nipissinr,. NIPISSING, Lake, trave.'^ed by Champlain with 3,000 „,en was included within the limits of Ten.iscamingue NIPISSmrs 'm ""T'' '"'"' "^ ''"^ «overnment of Qu'obec iNlPlSSINGS (Nepe.s,sino.s-Nepi.sserini), a northern t.il.„ , . V Ste. Marie . *"'''' ''"''^« "^' ''"^nd S*' Lusson at Sault NISCAKS Tf,'*'' "'7««'^'-'» »»d country" under dominion '.'.f 'pmnce sssr'£:f r-irr?'- '^^^"-r ^-"^ «'^- ^- .■ ■ : : NORMANS A. bk1;:l ;t dltrr "■: ,^'-"r"^-^--mor of : .•;:;.• : .- .- ; ,- • • NORMA XDTV « *'"^>; ''"•'''■■'*<^" "'« English with war ""*" ^' I^IK ^5™;^--^--. surveys the Royal Domain of ^.doussac ; : : NORTH SEA^ NoiSS; BA ^X^" X .S'7""^ ' ••■•••■•: NORTHERN I...., cou„,.y ,.f ^H ..J:^: t^;^^: ^^^ .,^^-- ^^ Hudson's Bay 1774 366 1763 531 1680 570 671 1693 671 1702 564-5 1055 , t seq. 631 1708 358 783-1794 530-7 , 543 1676 633 «'"1 by that of the Company of New France .ante Traded with by the old French ('onreur: .u: B^r" ^'""*" ^"''^7-63 the,r ch^.k ntt.„d St. Lu.aon at SauU Sto. Marie and place themselves and country under the 'dominion of France ' 1070 632 1708 610 1783 533 1794 541-7 1678 463 1013 172 1725 662 1703 352 1071 619 619-20 1671 619 1698 647 1504 630, 037 1070 567 1670 567 1732 664 656-6 1627 197 7-63 197 629 1671 619 619 i octite Year. I(i87 Paob. 466 450-286 450 450-84 484 485 486 ua>it 1008 480 the 1854 176 1807 433 1009 460, 500 1523-4 172 in: 1504 C30, 637 15!»8 647 iiiii 1713 506 uul 1763 352 ce 1774 366 1763 531 1080 570 571 1093 671 te 1702 564-5 1055 et seq. 631 1708 358 . i; 83-1794 536-7, 643 1070 033 1070 632 1708 610 1783 533 1794 541-7 1078 453 1013 172 1725 652 1703 352 1671 619 619-20 1071 619 1598 647 1504 630, 637 1070 567 1070 667 1732 654 655-6 "J' 1627 197 1027-63 197 629 1671 619 619 763 NORTHKRN ImnKm—VontiiniM: prifer tu tnuU' with the French had heoii iifciistniiuMl lo triiiU' at MoiitriMJ aiul Tachinssac nriipi- to largely trailed with liy Dii I, 'Hut ' '^-^.^ to whom thi'v ijroini.se their entire trnde and trade with him t < the number of 1,500 French Trade with, in interior See i.lso Ahhitihis, As.^hiihiHnr.i,)'!,,-;.,^,,,!!!,; DurMhi.,, \,„hr,ii/s, <)j,rn< ii.i, Ott.nc,,.^. NOUE, SiKt'R i)K i.A, desimtihed liy Viiiidreiul ti exidure i'.r Wuslein Sf i inatnicttd to estahlisli three posts- , it Kaniaiii^licinia, liaiiiy l,,,lntario ' 1872, 1878, 329-31, 21 proposed also by the I'r vince of Manitoba as sueh westerly boundary 1884 3 held by the Arbitrators (1878) and by tile Privy Council (lieporl to Her Mttjentij 1884) not to be such westerly boundary 107 OJIUBEWAY Indians, surrender tt> the Province of Canada the territory on tho north shore of Lake Superior, from Hatchewaiiauuf,' Hay to I'igeciU River 1850 159 OLDMIXON, his Account of discoveries, and national rivalries, in and around Hudson's Buy ante 1708 565 written fnrni the point of view of the Hudson's Bay Company 565-6 ONTARIO, Lake, tho French erect Fort Frontenac (m 1073 632 where they construct vessels which make trading voyages to Niagara 632 declared to be part International Boundary by Treaty ol' 1783 553 but both shores in British possession till 1796 647 ONTARIO, Province of, erected, and its limits dechircd to bo oo-extenaive with those of Upper Canada 1867 433 MM. McDougall and Tache appointed Boundary Commissioners for tho Province and Dominion respectively 1871 352 view of Dominion Government as to~Colonol Dennis' report 1871 326 instructions to Dominion commissioner to treat as western boundary : tho meridian of contluence of Ohio and Mississippi Rivers 1872 330 northern boundary : the Height of l;and 1872 330 Ontario Boundary Commissioner instructed to abstiiin from taking further action in consequence 1872 331 the dispute concerning, agreed to be referred to arbitration 1874 7-8 defined by Arbitrators, August 3rd 1878 107 • See NeijiitiatioH.i bi'tn-ee.'i Cditmlii 'ind Oiitiirii). OPENENS, The, a Northern Tribe, agree to tiade with I)u L'Uiit at Fort i\ la Maune lt)84 824 ORDINANCE of M. Hocquart, on the limits of Tadous.sac 1733 653 OREGON TREATY, between Great Britain and tho United States 1846 660 settles the International Boundary from the the Rocky Mountains to the Pacitic 660 ORLEANS, Fort, on the Mi.ssouri, established aute 1755 643 traded at, by the Missouris, Osuges, Kanses, and other Indian Tribes 643 ORDERS IN COUNCIL. Frbnch Of the King's Council of State, anue.vint,' the Illinois to Louisiana 1717 661 Imperial. Establishing the boundary between the Provinces of Quebec ami New York 1768 358 apjiroving dr.ilt of Now ConiMiission to (Joveriior Carleton .'f t^uebec 1774 376 approving of the instructions tc Governor Carloton 1774 378 approving Draft Coiumissions to tJovernoi' Carloton after the Treaty ot Vcrsiiillus 1786 386 •pproving Draft Instructions to Governor Carloton 1786 388 establishing the Provinces of I'pper and Lnwer Canada 1791 3<;. , 39!) ratifying and confirming Upper Canada Act, 59 Geo. III., c. 10, petitioned against by Lonl Selkirk aud the Hulson'a Bay ('om|i:iny 1818 417 uniting Rupert's Land and North- West Territories to Dominion, .luiie 23.. 1870 446 annexing to the Dominionof Canada all British Teriitoriesin North America, not abeidy united, excepting Newfoundland, July 31st 1880 796 Canada, Province of. 1. Authorizing negotiations witi' the Ojibbeway Indiais, foi the purchase of till ir lilie to lands on Lake Superior, westivai'd to Pigeon River, •'ail- 11th 1850 109 Year. 1810 1818 1863-07 1854-tiO 1872, 1878, 1884 1850 1708 1073 1783 1790 1807 1871 1871 1872 1872 1872 1874 1878 1084 1733 1846 175H 1717 1708 1774 1774 1786 1786 1701 1818 1870 1880 1850 Page 17!), 206-6 070-81 101 102 320-31, 21 3 107 159 505 505-0 632 C32 553 547 433 352 826 330 330 331 7-8 107 034 663 660 650 643 643 661 35fl 376 378 386 388 3G. , 399 417 446 7S6 168 70.T ORDERS IN COUNCIL.— Ca.nai.a, Tkovix. k (>v—(^,wtii,iir,l : 2. Providing fur tliu f,'iaiitiiig '*' '^"""»'" "f Tadoussac. . PARIb, Tkeaty of, between (ireat Britain, France, and Spain . neyotiatiuns lueliininary to furniur treaties renewed and confirmed a line drawn along the Mississippi from ita source tu'tJie River Ibervill'.; '..n,')' 'V'li' ■nid^ile of tl. latter and of .he Lakes Maurepas and ^Z^^^l t ^C as the l.nnt between the British and French possession. ' yew Orleans to remain to France PASQUAYAH River. See Poshjinic. PATE^'TS. See Letters I'„te„t ; 'charters '''''• "ril'rZjanir «:':'-' ^----- - v.ws on t.. hmits and as to PENNSYLVAxMA, Pkovi.nce ok, Cauhteh, granted by Charbs' IL^'u, WilHam' i>;.„„ Its western boundary made a boundary of the Province of Quebec ' ' ' PPORIA 1. , *'''''='"»^'« ""« "f tl'« l-'"itod States of America PEUKIA, Fort, other name fur Pimiteoui which see PEORIAS, Tribe, occupied part ..f the Illinois country 7. traded with the French at Pimiteoui , PEPIN, Lakk, an expansion of the L'pper Mississippi. Forts de Bonsecours and du Lac des Pleurs built on l.v Perrot •' ' PERDRIX, Cape, in north latitude 58i , on the Labra.lor coL "" PERE (Pekrav), M., goes overland from Lake Nepigon to Fort Bourb.m discovers tlie route by the Pere and Moose Rivers to Hudson's Bav RiVKK, near Lake Nej)igoii PERROT, SiKuii Ni(;oLA.s, erectfl forts St. Nicolas, B( Commander of the Post of the Sioux takes fonnal possession of the countriesof the Sioux and other nations of' the ' V '"''' PETIT PA«m r""r''" "" "' T'""""""' ^'^ '"'^'' "' "'^ ^"^'^'•""■- «'f t'anada PETIT PARIS. F ORT Le, returned by (;oven.or Pownall as one of the French posts of Canada^ where there are many fine settlements m J.^lw^T,""'*' '""''"^ ""^ CliampLain on his expedition to Lake Huron'. '. PIGEON, River, western boundary of territ,>ry surrendered by Ojibbewav Indians .' .'.^ .' 1717 1673 1690-3 1718 1718 1763 1761 Paoe. 172, 631 652 397-400, 328 619 61U 607 6(J7 641 478 loiindary .nsecours, and Lac des Pleurs io83 . ante pper and of lands aiid uiiuinK locations granted by Canada before Co'nfed, oration 1863-66 636-6 641-2 641 653 630 621-30 630 631 630^1 631 631 631 188-90 1682 704 1774 366-7 1783 533 644 644 1757 644 644 1689 644 674 1712 674 1684 624 643 643 683-85 644 1689 621 1689 621 1756 603 1756 603 1612 631 1R50 159 3-66 161-4 Ykah. Paob. ifii3 17a, c;u Set! .17t»l-184(i ;ii»3, y97-40U, 3L'8 IWl 619 61» 607 607 1717 641 nada 1673 it* tlie cell to 478 090-3 636-6 1718 641-2 1718 641 663 1763 eao 1761 521-30 630 681 630-1 631 631 631 188-90 1682 704 1774 306-7 1783 533 • 644 644 1767 644 644 •c 1689 644 574 y 1712 574 1C84 624 643 643 1083-85 644 e 1689 621 1689 621 1750 603 1756 603 1012 631 1H50 150 1863-66 161-4 I 4(>i;, I 4(!7, I 6l.'5, 033 4, 767 PIMITEOUI(Peoku), Four. „„ .1,. Ill,„.,is Kn.r. Col. ,!,■ lio,„.i„viIl..s aoo„un. .,f ^^ ^Zi tlio Puoria ImliiiuH tni of the territory between 33 ami 47' N. liit., by ,Ie,in Varanon ir,;>3 of C'anaila, by .laeijueH C'artier , - T. . of Carolina, by (libaiilt and LanderiuitSro 1535 of the Iroiiiiois eoiiiitry, by Cliaiii])lain ^^^g of tlio eountriea of Hudson's bay, etc., by Clianiplain 1010 of the Ottawa country and the I'lijier Lakes, by Clianiplain 1011 12 of the Irocjuois eountry at Oanentiui, by Sieiii' Diipiiis njoo of Hudson's Bay, by Jean Hourdon, Attoriiey-t Jeiieral of yuebee 1,),% of Hudson's Bay (renewed), by Sieur Couture, by order of (Jovonior of Canada 1003 of Hudson's Bay (renewed), by Sieur Diniuet, King's Attorney at Quebeo 1C03 of the northern lands and seas -niisaion of de St. Simon and Fatlier Allianel .... 1071 of the West and Xorth-West and .N..rth, by St. Lussoii, at Sault Ste. Marie .... 1071 of the Mississippi, to north latitude 32 , by Marquette and Joliet 107l> of the Mississijipi, Ohio, Wabash, and Illinois, by La Salle 1079 of the countries of the Ujiper Mississijiiii, by \. I'urrot ^jycj of the Detroit District (renewed), by de la Duraiitaye at St, Joseph l(i87 of Niagara (renewed) and the Seneca country, by M. de Deiionville lo87 POSKOYAC, F(jnr, on the Saskatchewan Itiver, Col. de Bougiiinvilk.'s account of ...........'. 1757 Jell'ery's account of, 1700 ,^.,„ specially referred to by (Jov. Carleton as one of the French posts of Canada. . . . . . 1708 H.io also reports another French post 100 leagues beyond Poskay.ic. PGUTEOirATAMIS, Trihe, then residing west of Lake Michigan, atten.l St. Lusson at the Sault Ste. Marie .p^. place themselves under the dominion of France POWNALL, (JovBKNOR, liis official account of the French Posts and the French Dominion in North America ,„.„ notes on his map of the British possessions in North America 1775 POW'LL, Chief Ju.stk^e, charge of, to the jury in re Brown and Boucher ...'..'.'.'. 1818 his statement in reference to 59 (Jcorge ill, caji. 10 (I". C.) iqio PRAIRIES, Fort oks, on the Upper Saskatchewan, built by the French .,o,^e 1767 supposed U) bo the post referred to by Oov. Carleton as being 100 leagues beyoml F'ort Poskayac PRESCOTT, Robert, his commission as Captain-General, etc., of I'pper and Lower Caind-i rofi PRESENTATION, Fort de la, French post on the St. Lawrence [,]" [I^qI PREVOST, Sir Oboiuie, his commission as Captaiii-Oeneral, etc., of I'pper and Lower Canada 181 1 PRINCE EDWARD ISLAND, annexed, with adjacent Islands, to (iovernment of Nova Scotia 1703 PRINCE OF WALES, Fort. See Churchill. " ' PRIVY COUNCIL, Ji-i)iciAL Committee ok. Chief Justice Draper suggests reference of contr ,y between Canada and H. B. Co. to, May 0th .„._ Hudson's Bay Company consent as regards the extent of their territory, July 18th. 1857 Canadian Parliament jiropose to submit the ((ueetioiis of boundary and validity of the Company's Charter to August 13th . q-q the Company refuse consent to reference as to validity of Charter, October 12th. . 1858 the Imperial Government remonstrate with the Company, and urge the submission of all ([uestions, November 3rd , „.„ ,i y-, . I0O8 tiie Company reitei-.tlua its refusal iqrh Dominion Government propose a reference of (,uestion of Ontario boundaries to. May 1st and 16th 697 t)30 630 03>'^ 030 403 031 031 477, (;!^8 477, 028 625 620 019 033 044 021 633 632 146 183 009 609 619 019 601 713 684 416 646 609 404 611 406 S6i 193 209 226 226 226-7 888 .lolNt Al'I'KNIllX. Index 334 Joint appkniiix Imlex. 768 PRIVY t'OI'NCIL, JniHiAt. Committer ok Cuiiiimed: llif ( liitarid ( M.vornmt'iit hUIo ohjocticms, favoriiit' a ruforeiico tn Hrbitmtic.n, May Doiiiiriion (Jnvoriiinuiit r. news |iiop(w»l fur refcruiico In, Nuvfinh.T 7 rofiuust ooiigiilumtimi of thu propdwil, Ducomlwr 2t)tli lU'anhith II- nf Lo-'HlativrA>Hfinl.ly i.lu tario a i \„ rrUntuvu I.),, rti. arbitniti.m llofi it'iici) to uiliiiraticiii iinihiitll.yii^;Toi(l upon Kef.Mvnou t ■, ii-ii'o.i Ic. l.y ( Intari.. aii,! MuiiiiDhaiui to thu b .uidary lino butwemi ihuiii(:|i,. nrbitriKui's' awiy^J^nrtt bavins bi.«ii i;oiiHrmc(l) I) couiber iHth. . Special ca^u for iletistim of " .! the r.-ffifiice coiitirmua by Acig of Ontarii) an 1 Manitobu Onler ill Council, Oiiiario, rbat the cuho bo siibmitt.ul by iliu l>oniinioi. Gov- ernment for tb.' ili'cision of the .ludioial Coiniuittfc, .I.miiaiy 11th <>r
jyr.nv^ Trr^r,, ■ '"'"•"'J«>"t«r.o.nulsnbniittiii-iobel nd by the decision. May tith rUOLfcS VERUAL. See J'ussestivii. PROCLAMATION, Royal, of 7tb October, 17(i3 li'ab'islics UoveriiniciitH of yuebt-c, Eaut Florida, West Florida, and (irenada annexi-s the Labrador Coast from River St. John to Hudson's Straits, the IhUikIs of Anticosti, Ma^deleine Islands, and iliosc adjacent, to th« (ioverninoiit of Newfoundland anneie.s Prince Kdwurd and Cape Breton Islands, and tho«e adj.cent, to Nova iScotia provides for Executive and Legislative Council and Ass-mlly for the Ciik, iiit si'ltlod liv tho Kiii^ in Cmiii, imiMirH ifliitiiiK tn tlio prc.posud uxtfimion »( iu IniiitH Ciinailiiin inlialiitantH nf l.»iiul»cc onciogo ti> tiie Earl y tho l''i-uiicli m.'iitionod l)y Joll'i'iys ii». hoing uikIit the Uuvuiiininf Oiuiiidii. in REINHAUD, ('MAni,KH i.k, oiiB.inf .".'.','.!.'.!.'! KviliKNiK Kivun iin to tlio Huntfrn liuiindiiiy ol I'lipor Ciuiudii AllOUMKNT on, .Il iHiMKNT of Cjlirf .Ill^liil. SoHlll hild lliiit till! na'iidiiiii or llio i.M.nlluuii.f of tliu Ohio uiul MiHHiMsi|.pi wiia tlir wohli in liiiundaiy Imi'okia.nt uvidumi', nut .sul.milti'd on ihi. trill ... (lucstion of the biuindarius of tlif HikIkohh lUy ( oniiiiiny'g torritoi-it's not I'airtiMl ill RESKAIR'HKS, iiiadf in London ,„id Paris, foi- uvido'ico boaiiug on the bouii.l irian of OnUrio RKPORTS, KiiK.N. II, Suu ('ontunts Htcl-, IX. and X. Hitiii.sii, 1. of the l';ni,'IiHh ( 'oniiiii«sioiuiH apijointcd to uxetuto tlio Treaty of Neu- trality, to tho Kiiig, on th ir action under thoir commission ■.i. of the Lords of Tr.i.le, in r. feivii. riespectiiig constniclion of roid a.-.uss the Hiiglil of band to Savanne Ui' er before Confeileralioii 10. cpf Messrs. Cartier and .McDoug.ill, r.s|)eciiiig their mission to iMiiiland, May Stli.. 11. of .Minister of Justice, ailvising Imperial Lei-islatio!! for cunUrmatioii of .Manitoba Act, and for authorizini; establishment and alteration of limit* of Provinces. . YlAK. Paoi. 687 ItilU 088 17fi4 678 1811 178 1779 •iOb 1738 183 043-46 17(11 183 1818 (i&9 650-08 608-77 678 C79 67 fiafl-08 &94, 715-20 1087 484 1700-1 1 48y,5t53,.'-)7i5-7-9 1719 607 1721 697 1749 B81-6 1750 601 1704 606 1704 606 l7(i4-8 607 1708 609 1774 'i74, 377 378 1770 614 1819 416 1857 202 18.^)7 168 I8.')7 193 IH57 199 1857 213 1805 350 1805 1807 1869 1870 257 903-6 310 3S3 rmasm Oil. I'l'l ell 111 YlAR. P*01. 6M7 16l(» 6HH 1 7(14 67S 1811 178 1770 306 1738 183 , 643-46 17B1 183 181t H'o9 65y()8 608-77 678 679 67 &94, 71520 771 OB, liiy 1687 484 1700-1 1 48y,503, 575-7-9 1719 607 1721 697 1749 B81-6 1750 601 1704 006 1764 606 1704-ft 607 1708 «09 1774 a74, 377, ,;i78 1770 614 1819 410 10 1857 202 t!8 I8:)7 168 ii lHr)7 193 i.f 1 H57 199 1857 213 1 805 350 11- 18 1805 257 re 1807 303-B 1869 310 Vear. 1871 i8fr 1785 1870 3S3 REPORTS, C»N*DUN~(V«,fi,i../(l; 19. o! Colonel Dotiiiii, nominion Surveyor (.'..tinr/il, ro«))fCtin>.' 1 oumlariei of Ontario 13. ot tliB Minuter of .luctice (('iuiiiry west of Lake Superior ROCHF, SiEUR DR LA, appoiiitiiiunt of aa Lifut.Miaiit-ticnoral of Canada, etc ROCHEBLAVE, M. i.k, BriiiHh Coniniaiidautof thu llliiioi», payioent of luHHulary fr..ui .fanuary, 1784, t(p .laimary, 1785. objeoed to in Council of the I'roviiicu of yueboc. on the jiround that thu Illiiioia was without the limits assigned to the Province by the iJutiuitivo Treaty his clai' s represented to tho Secretary of State by Lieutenant-Governor Hamilton, who protests against tho action of tho Council ROCHKR, Prairie dk, a Froinh ;'o«t ot the lllinoi.s, mentioned by Governor Pownall ROMILLY, SiK John, hi.s opinion on thi-Hudsoim Bay Company'.s Charter ROUGES, or 1'anis, an In.lian nation of the Missouri, fallen into slavery anU ROUTES, to the Mia.fis.iippi. Sec Miin''mi)tpi. ROYAL, Port, or Annapolis- Auii.ipolis Royal. ROYAL Preiiooative, boumlarics s,ttl«d by virtue of. See Royal Prudamatimi ROYALE, Ilb, in Lake Superior, intcriiati.)nal bnunda-y line to run north of 1783, l(i42 ROYALK, Ilk, other nanio for Cipe Breton. RUPERT, Fort, at tho mouth of tho Rupert first establi hod by Captain Gillain, Radisson and des Orosselliers re-built by tlu' newly-appointiul Governor Baily its trade with the Indiana intercepted by the French its abandonment by the English in accordance, seriouHly considered A Mis.iicniary Jesuit arrives there was tlie cliief Engli-sli factory on the Bay till Governor Sargoant appijinted, who removes the chief fattory to Albany captured by the French subsequently taken and re taken by the English and French alte-natoiy 1603-171;) the trade of its entire vicinity controlled by the French had been abandoned by the Hudson's Bay Company unte RivKR, the e. rly route of the French to Hudson's Bay from Quebec, ma the Saguenay suggested by the Hudson's Bay Company as their southern limit See liupeit, Fart. RUPERT'S LAND, tlie Territory claimed to be covered by tlie Hudson's Bay Company's Charter constituted a Bishop's See, or diocese, by Letters Patent deed of anrreuder of, to Crown, Nov. 19th Order in Council, unitino it to the Dominion, June 23rd See also lludson'a Bay Vomptiuy. RYDER, Sir D., opinion of, on Hudson's Bay Company'a charter RYSWICK, Thbaty or, between Great Britain and France .7. . . '. ...... operations during the peace preceding the war which ended with restores the stahi quo ant* but confirms to France the placesin Hu^lson's Bay captured during thepeace provides for appointment of commissioners to determine the claims to placosin iludsoh'H Bay no record of their ever having met eonferred nothing on the Hudson's Bay Company, not previously theiri. . Pa(i«. a It ■»ft-lH 131 1^74 »» .W5 171:! .■.05 I81M 405 l."i40 17!J 1M50 l,->!l !,-)!» l.■)!l^ 17-', 047 384 1785 384 003 181 1767 000, 04.'^ 1703 :)51 3, l(i42 5:i4, 550 506 l!;o7-8 500 1070 607 1074 .■J07-8 1074 507 1674 668 10S;l 5t» 1083 .■^70 1080 572 3-1713 .•r;o-2 174!' :>»\--2 174!> 581-2 l(i;t2 0:i8 1700 -.62 1070 3.(4 1849 429 180'J 315 1870 440 1748 598 1697 488 170, 037 488 488, 637 488 170, 601-2 177 .lor.NT Ai'ri£Ni>i\. Index. 772 Index, QAGINAW (Saouinam, Sakinau), visited by Champlain , SAGUENAY, Post of, continued to be a principal post in River, the post of Tadoussac established at its mouth ante early known aa a route to Hudson's Bay, eia the Rupert French establishments and operations on SALLE, CaveliIb de ia. See La Salle. 8EIGNELAY, M. dk, French Minister reprimands dc la Barre for restoring Gillam's vessel without authority despatches of French officials in Canada to SELKIRK, Earl of, becomes principal partner in the Hudson's Bay Company, in the Company purports to give him a grant in fee simple of the Red River country (Assiniboia) its boundaries plants a colony at Red River arms and drills his colonials and the Company's servants and expels tlie North-Weat Company for the time asserts claim to soil, jurisdiction and excluaive trade'of the North- West on behalf of the Hudson Bay Company the North-West Company defeat his forces — his governor killed, and the colony dispersed raises and arms a larger force procures a commission of the peace from the Governor of Canada granted a body guard l)y the s'vme official inatructii-ns to captain of the £;uard ' seizesFort William (Kaiuanistiiiuia) arrests the jiartuers of tlie North- West Company there, takes possession of their establishment, and blocks tli trade the Imperial authorities order tl moval of the blockade, and mutual restitution of property legal proceedings against him his pe ition to ihn Lords of Trade, praying the disallowapce of 59 George ill, cap 10, (U. C.) — the Act confirmed SENEGAS, Country of the. See Iroquois l)uUans. SENEGAS, Tribe, trade with the French at Cataratiui and Niagara „.... SARGEANT, Henry, appointed Governor of Fort Rupert by the Hudson's Bay Company ordered to remove headquarters to Albany River, where he erects a fort instructed to send men inland to cultivate the Indian trade intimates his inability to find men to comply SEWELL, Chief Justice, his decisions as to the western boundary of Upper Canada SHAWANKSE, (Shawankes, Shawnees), attend Col. Croghan in conference at Ouiatanon SHECHITTAWAMS, River. See Albany. Tribe, trade with the Hudson Bay Company SHERBROQKE, Sir John Coape, commissiim of, as Captain-General, etc., of Upper and Lower Canada his Proclamation in reference to the North- We«t troubles SIMBLIN, SiEUR DE, a second ensign in the Colonial troops ante had great iuHuonce with the Indians to the north of the Post of the Nepigons who rc(iuest him to establish a post in their country he i)etitions for a giant of the Post )>, la Carpe receives from La JoiKjuiiire, Governor of Canada, a conditional grant for six years, of that Post 8IMC0E, Colonel, Lieutenant-G'.vernor of Upper Canada, his correppondence relating to Canadian affiiirs his memorandum on the commerce of Upper Canada points out the importance of Michillimivckinac proposes the purchase of the Indian titU and the erection of a British factory "« the western bank of the Mississippi points out the advantages of that river as a commercial highway his ricwa on the Indian -.var, and tho intention of Gonoral Washington to cake posaes- •iunof the Indian territory Y«A». Page. 1618 631 1756 603 1608 173 1632 628 198 624 1684 624 1683-90 (123, (i25-6 (i28 9, 034 1811 178-9 1811 178 689 1811-12 178 178 17H 1814 178 1816 178-!) 179 1816 178-9 207 207 1816 179 1817 1818 1819-21 1674 1816 1816 1751 1751 1761 1761 1792-4 1792 1798 179 204, 207 205 410-17 1673 632 1683 r.70 1683-4 .'■)70 1683-5 685 1683-5 586 1818 678, (i84 1766 608 668 405 408 657 657 657 067 057-8 538-47 538 538-9 538-9 538-9 544 Year. Paob. 1012 631 1756 003 1608 173 1632 028 108 024 1684 624 1683-90 (123, (i26-0 628-9, 034 1811 178-9 1811 178 689 1811-12 178 178 178 1814 178 1816 178-9 179 1816 178-9 207 207 1816 179 1817 1818 1819-21 1674 1761 1792-4 1798 170 204, 207 205 410-17 1673 032 1683 570 1083-4 570 1683-6 585 1683-6 585 1818 678, (i84 1766 608 668 1816 406 1816 408 1761 667 667 1761 667 1761 667 17M 657-8 5;j8-47 538 538-!> 538.9 538-0 644 ii- 773 SIMCOE, Colonel — Coiitin'ned : hifi (letertnination to oppoao it by force his Proclamation dividing Upper Canada into Couniies »ct8 forth the limits of County Kent as c )-extensive with those of Canada in that quarter proposes that a neutral Indian territory separate the territories of Great Britain and the United States determines to defend Detroit against the United States SIMCOE PAPERS, MSS., extracts from SINCLAIR, PATKirK, his conunission as Lieutenant-Governor and Superintendent of Michillimackiime purcliases (lie Island of Michillimackinac, and Green Bay, and Prairie du Chien from the Indians (Out. App. 42, and errata thereto) SIOUX, Post of the, Nicolas Perrot, commander at Sieur Pachot sent to, to negotiate a peace between the Sioux and Christinaux reported by Governor Pownall as one of the French posts of Canada SIOUX, Nation, country of, taken fonnal possession of by Perrot, on behalf of Governor of Canada who establishes a Post there, in visited by Le Sueur in . . at war with the Christineaux— de la Noiie endeavoura to bring about a peace. SIX Nations. See Iroquois. SLAVES. See Kouyes. SLUDE River, other name for the East Main. SOISSONS, Count db. See Bourbon, Charles de. SOUTH SEA— -Southern Ocean. See Western .Sfea. SOVEREIGN Council. See Council. STATUTES. rules for the interpretation of Imperial. 2 W. & M. , cap 15, conhrniing the Hudson's Bay Company's Charter for seven years 6 Anne, cap. 37, for the encouragemeni of trade to America, saving the rights of tlie Hudson's Bay Company 18 George 2, cap. 17, for giving a reward for the discovery of a north-west passage through Hudson's Straits to the western and southern oceans of America, saving the riglits of the Hudsim's Bay Company 14 George 3, cap, 83, for making more effectual provision for the government of the Province of Quebec in North America 31 George 3, cap. 31 (Constitutional Act), to repeal certain parts of the above Act, and to make further provision for the government of the said Provinces 43 George 3, cap. 138, extending the criminal jurisdiction of Canadian Courts to certain parts of North America adjoining the said Provinces 49 George 3, cap. 27, for reannexing part of Labrador to Newfoundland, etc 1-2 George 4, cap. 00, for regulating the fur trade and establishing criminal and civil jurisdiction within certain parts of North America extends 43 George 3, cap. 138, to the Hudson's Bay Co.'s territories provides for granting of licenses of exclusive trade for the Indian territories 3-4 Vic, cap. 35 (the Union Act), to reunite the Provinces of Upper and Lower Canada, and for the government of Canada 29 and 30 Vic , 0. 07, The Bridsh Columbia Act, 1860 unites Vancouver's Island to the Cohmy of British Columbia 30 and 31 Vic. , o. 3, British North America Act, 1867 unites oertain provinces of British North America forming Dominion of Canada provides for admission of other parts of British North America 31-2 Vic, c. 106, Rupert's Land Act, 1868 for surrender to Her Majesty upon Terms of Rights, etc., of H. B. Co for admitting Rupert's Land , etc. , into Dominion of Canada 34-5 Vic, 0. 28, British North America Act, 1871 provides for establishment of provinces in the Dominion of Cana a And for ftlt6ration of limit* of pntvinne* (*n o«rt*in oonditionB ............... Year. 1792 1775 Paob. 544 Joint ,(,.. Appendix. 103 1792 543 1794 547 1792-3 537-47 383 1781 1689 621 1718 641 17 "lO (i03 1089 021 1080 021 1700 644 1718 641 269 1690 348 1707 350 1746 361 1774 366 1791 393 1803 406 1809 408 1821 417 419 417 1840 487 431 432 432 433 444 446 446 446 449 449 460 Inilpx. 774 .roiNT Appendix. Index. ■ ( ST\TVTES-Co„thined : Upi'br Canada, Dominion, Ontario imd Manitoba. 59 George 3, cap. 10 (U. 0), to authorize the inquiry an.l trial of crimes and ofiVnces committed within the Province, with..ur, the liiiiilH of any described town- ship or county, to l>o liad in any District th reof its disallowance prayed for by Earl Selkirk, iind by (h.! Huda.in's Bay Company. . deapa'cli of Lieut, -Oovern..r Mai.IauO, and remarks of Cliief Justice Powell thereon ratified and cocihnned by Imperial ()rd.ir in Council, June 9t,h 32-3 Vic, c. 3(Doni.), for temporary government of Ruperts Land and Norih-weat Territory, when transferred to Canada 33 Vic, p. 3 (Dom), to maintain and continue 32-3 Vic, c. 3, and to e.staldish and provide for government of Province of Manitoba 38 Vic, cap. 6 (Ontario), respecUng the northerly and wes erly boundaries of the Province 89 Vic, c 21 (Dom.), Act creating tht; District of Keewatin 40 Vic, c 2 (Man.), for the definition of the boundaries of the Province of Manitoba, February 28th 42 Vic, c 2 (Ont.), respecting awarded boundaries of Ont.ario, March 11th makes provision for extended Imundaiies for Oatarir., as decenniiied in the Award of Boundary Arbitrators 43 Vic, c. 36 (Dom.), respe«ting administration of criminal justice in the disputed territory. May 7th 44 Vic c. 1 (Man.), to provide lor the extensitm of the boundaries of that Province, March 4th 44 Vic c 14 (Dom.), providing for the extension of the boundaries of the Province of Manitoba, Marcli 21st Sir Francis Hincks' criticism on above Act 44 Vic c 16 (Dom.), to continue in force for a limited time. Act 43 Vic, c 36, respecting administration of Criminal Justice in ilisputcd territory, March 21st. 47 Vic. c U (Out.), confirming the agreement with M:initoba for a reference of disputed boutidarics for the decision of the Judicial Committee 47 Vic. c 1 1 (Man.), continuing the same agreement SPANISH VoYAdE, alleged, from the Pacific to Hudson's Bay SPLIT Lake, the Height of Land S.-E. of, conceded by Jefferys u the north-easterly boundary of Canada STANWIX, Fort, Treaty of, between the British Superintendent of Indian Affairs, and the Six Nations, Shawanese, Delawares, Mingoeae, and other Indian tribes determines the boundary lino between the English Atlantic Provinces and the Indians 8TE. ANNE, Fort Other name fo^ Fort Albany. 8TE. ANNE, Lakk, on the Albany River, on which Fort St. Germain built (Bellin's account) Du L'Hut's trading operations partly carried on at ante. See also Piscuutaiiany Laka. STEWARD-GENERAL, Commission of Henry Ellis as STIRLING, Captain, despatched by General Gage to take possession of the Illinois country. ... is given possession of Fort Chartres publishes proclamation of General Gage ST. ANTHONY, Post or. See St. Antoim. ST. ANTOINB, Fort, on the Upper Mississippi, formal possession of the Upper Mississippi country taken at had a fine settlement in regarded by Governor Pownall as in Canada ST. CHARLES, Fort, im:() 3'i'O 1H74 9 187(1 3:i8 1.S77 33!l 187!» 108 108-9 1.-<8II Hi:! 1^81 13.-) 18^1 136 1881 124-5 Lake in . 'iBooutagany ISHl I ^4 18-4 1760 1768 I 1687 1763 1755 168!) 1750 1756 [1732] 168!) 1673 137 4 4 693 183-4 (iia 613 643 629 ,355 356 36K 356-7 623 433 433 644 183 183 644 644 631 024 Tkar. Page. 775 J8lN 409 1S1!I 410, 4i:! iNl'.l 414,410 1H2I 417 ISli!) 3ir> 18:0 .•V20 1K74 '.» 1H7() :<:i8 KS77 3;5!t 187(» 108 108-!» l-i8i» l;i:! |H81 1 ;'..•> I8>] i;i« 1881 124 5 ISHl i;i7 1 84 4 18-^4 4 (iO:) 17(iO i8;i-4 1708 013 t 013 04:i 1687 020 17fi3 356 I7r.5 356 350 356-7 1080 622 IToO 433 176(i 433 ri732] 044 183 183 644 044 1680 021 024 1673 ST. GERMAIN, Fom— Continued : and as thiit, proposed to be re-established by Du L'Hut and at wli li (in part) 1500 Christineaux Indians trade with him ante ST. GERMAIN-EN-LAYE, Treaty of, between Great Britain and France restores Acadia and Canada to Franco does not assign any parcicular limits to Canada ST. JEROME, RivEK. Other name for the Wabash. STE. JEUNE VEUVE [I Ste. Genevieve], mentioned by Governor Pownall as a French post of the Illinois ST. JOHN, Island or. Other name for Prince Edward Island. RivKR (Bay of Fundy), proposed by Dumas for western boundary of Acadia UiVBR (tributary of St. Lawrence) made eastern boundary of Government of Quibec Lake, on the Saguenay, traded on by the West India Company . .ante was included in the Royal Domain of Tadoussac ante on the northern limit of the Government of Quebec, as constituted in ST. JOSEPH, Fort (on the Ste, Claire River), entry into possession renewed at, by de la Durantaye ST. JOSEPH, Fort, on the River St. Joseph, mentioned by Governor Pownall in his list of French forts in Canada had a tine settlement, comprising about 200 families Gov. Carleton's account of ST. JOSEPH, RivBK (Lake Michigan) Vaudreuil and Begon issue six trading licenses for this district in ST. LAWRENCE River, early French voyages to Tadoussac, Quebec, Three Rivers and Montreal founded on the policy of the French to attract the northern trade to their posts on . . , ' Vl6!)8, commissions to the Governors of countries of J 1045 1 1657! charter of {iiUer at.) tlie countries of to the Company of the Hundred Associates. . above north latitude 46" declared by Treaty of Versailles to constitute the Inter- national Boundary ST. LOUIS. Fort. Other name for Moose Fort and for Fort La Corne. Fort (on the Illinois), built by La Salle Fort, on the west bank of the Mississippi, St. Ange retires from Fort Chartres to, and takes command of and is superadded by the Spanish Governor, Piemes RiVKR. Other name for the Mississippi. ST. LUSSON, SlEi'.i DB, sub-delegate of the Intondant M. Talon, takes formal possession, at Sault Ste. Marie, of the countries of the North and West is attended there by fourteen tribes, who place themselves under the Dominion of France ST. MARIE DU Sault, Post and Fort, Champlain goes with his Indian allies to war against a hostile tribe at the Act of taking possession of the countries ami tribes of the North and West done at ST. NICOLAS, Fort, [Prairie du Chien], on the Mississippi, at the mouth of the Wisconsin established by M. Perrot, commanding for the Governor of Canada ST. PETER'S River, (the Minnesota), a tributary of the Upper Mississippi taken formal possession of, by M. Perrot, commanding for the Go/ornor of Canada Fort L'Huiller or Verte, built on, by the French ciic explored and surveyed by Sieur Le Sueur, in ST. PIERRE, Fort, cm Rainy Lake, built by the French ' mentioned by Jeflferys as the second French Fort west of Lake Superior was under the Governor of Canada ST. PIERRE. M. LE Gardeur de, an officer of the troops in Canada succeeds Verendrye in command of the Post of the Western Sua instructed to extend his discoveries, and make treaties with disttmt Indians visited the forts of the Post in ST. PHILLIPPE, Settleme.mt of, in the Illinois country ,,,,,, mentioned by Governor Pownall as established ^nfg ST. PIERRE, River, Other name Oualebaminesouti, or Minnesota. See St. Pet*r'i Rimr, Tear. I(i84 1087 lii32 Paoe. 024 020 453 4:)3 45;) 174, 17.i2 1701 1703 1(!72 1733 1703 1087 H03 527 362 621 (>53 352 *633 1756 603 1750 603 1703 611 17J8 041 172-4 72-3, 4763 1012, 1651, 160;t, 638 (547, 040 1627 047-8 1783 63, [10821 044 1705 35i;-7 177(1 356-7 1070 61« 010 1013 172 1671 <119, 633 044 [1083] 044, 021 644 1080 021 1700 044 1700 044 [1731] 045 1701 183 1701 183 043 1750 043 643 1750 043 003 1752 603 •loiNT .Ari'ENDIX. Iltilex. 1 ■-r Joint appknuix, Index. I 776 TiAB. ST. SIMON, SiEira de, a Canadian gentleman, accompanies Father Albanel to Hudson's Bay... 1671 whereof ho is expressly commissioned to take renewed possession and to establish trading relations with the northern Indiatis ST. THERESE RIVER. See Hones River. ST. VINCENNE. See Fimrnne^. STONY MOUNTAINS, the Rocky Mountains go referred to in Convention of 1818 SUD, Mer or. See U'entern .Sea. SUNDERLAND, Eakl of, a British Commissioner at Provisional Treaty 1687 SUPERIOR, Lake, early French possession of and operations on early establishments on for carrying on trade with the northern Indians Fort La Pointo built on in i()g5 formal act of taking possession of tlie countries of 1671 land on west and north shore of, surrendered by Ojibbeway Indians to Province of Canada 1850 lands patented by the Province of Canada to the westward of 18B3-()7 lands licensed by the same for mining purposes to the westward of 18B4-C0 International Boundary declared to pass through, to northward of Isles Royal and Phillippeaux, to the Long Lake 1733 Treaty of, between the Province of Canada and Ojibbeway Indians 18".0 terms of the, surrenders tlie territory on north shore of Lake Superior from Batchewanaung Bay to Pigeon River to Her Majesty SYDENHAM, Lord, his commission as Captain-General, etc., of the Province of Canada 1840 rpABITIBIS. See Abbltibi. TADOUSSAC, Post of, at the mouth of the Saguenay, established by the French the first principal settlement on the St. Lawrence the French have a route overland from, to Hudson's Bay Royal Domain of, its limits claimed to extend to Hudson's Bay defined i)y tiie .;rdinaiice of M. Hocquart, Intendant of Canada 1733 and declared to extend behind the Mistassins to the Bay TAKAMANIGEN (— mamiononio— .mamiooen.) See Tekamamioiien. TALON, M. Jean, Intendant in Canada, Acadia, etc., commission appointing I(i6.5 sends the Sieur de St. Lusson to take possession of the countries of the West and North jfjiTj despatches Albanel and de St. Simon to renew possession of Hudson's Bay 1671 TEARS Lake, Fort of. See Lac des Plenm. TEKAMAMIOUEN, Lake, other name for Rainy Lake. Post of, on Rainy Lake, de la Noile instructed to establish 1717 trade carried on with the Indians there TEMISCAMINGUE (caming-canning) Lake, early traversed by the French on the way to Hud- son's Bay Post of, its ancient limits explained by the Intendant Begon 17a6 inchided Lake Nlpissing and River du Lievre and in depth to Hudson's Bay the Minister urged to extend relief to the late Farmer oL 1730 proposed attack on H. B. Co.'s post to be made by means of 1744-5 Indians come from shores of Hudson's Bay to trade at J 757 mentioned by Gov . Carleton as one of the French posts of Canada 1 7(i3 TETES DE BOULE, Tribe, trade with the French at Temiscamingue 1769 THOMSON, Charles Poulett, his commissions as Captain General, etc., of Upper and Lower Canada In39 THOMPSON, David, astronomer to the North-West Co discovers northern or main branch of the Columbia River IMi and follows it and the mam stream to the Pacific Ocean TOMISCANNING, Lake. See Trmmamiu^ue. TONTI (Tonty), Sieur de, ordered by Frontenac to take command at Michillimackinao «. lfl(»7 TRADE. See Fur Trade; Licensee to Trade. TREATY OF 1842, between Great Britain and the United Stivtes particularly describes the International Boundary from the Neebish Chan- nel to the Rocky Mountains Paob. 620 620 620 650 486 634 638 477 /6I9, 633, \467, 478 159- (iO 161 162 634 159 l.M)-01 428 173 173 173, 628 (i21 653 H5B-(i 649 619 620 ()4(M 640-2 628 6Si 652 653 642 Ii42 645 611 64.T 41 R 187 187,811 187 637 550 65(1 Tbab. 1671 Paob. 620 t)20 620 550 1818 1687 486 634 638 1665 477 1671 {«^?;«a 1850 1853-67 1854-CO 1783 l8:o 1840 1733 ltl6"> 1671 1671 1717 1725 1730 1744-5 1757 1763 175!» lh3() IMl *. 16!t7 159-60 161 102 534 15!) 159-61 428 173 173 173, 628 621 653 655-6 649 619 620 64(M 640-2 628 652 652 652 642 642 64:i 611 645 4(6 187 187, 811 187 637 550 660 777 TREATIES, (1) Between Great Britain and France ;— St. Gernmin-on-Laye Breda Nimeguen Neutrality Agreement execute! by the Conimissionera appointed to execute Ryswick Utrecht Aix-la-Chapelle t Paris Capitulation of Montreal (2) Bbtwfen Great Britain and the United States :— Treaty of Versailles Jay's Treaty Treaty of Ghent Convention of Treaty of 1842 Oregon Boundary Treaty And see these severally under their pr.iper titles in the index. TRIALS. See De Meinhard, McLeUan, Brnwn and Boucher, Connollii vs. li'oolrich. THOYES, Chevalier de, sent by de Denonville in coiiiumnd of the overland expe4 .-)34-4!t 1710 607-8 17i:4 (>07 1775 382 382 1623 631 15i)4 (31 <>3l 1607, ICOit 031, (•.it7 m-M] fi:i8 14i)7 (i37 1504 171, 630 1623 172, 6.30 l.'J3.-) 172, 031 1645 173 1751 600-1 1G7!» 633 1710 607-8 1712 6.-)l 1721 579 1716 MO 640 «4U 1717 640 641 1751! 604-.-I 1071 61(1, 1)21 1856 714-16 1657 185-0 714-15 Mtk.\ TliB. Paor. em Sea. . 1716 (i4ii 1717 titd 1717-18 (141 171!» 641 17r.r. 51.') »nt to the 51.-. .-.Iti 17V2 4;i:i ntreal and 1760-1 176-2 -.'! r.l7-lH laldimand 519-21 Ifi2:i 17«3 172, t'..30 (i;i0 (iSO 533 533 533-4 ^rn point 17il4 1710 i7i;4 IH5. 5;W-4 r>34-4'.t (lOT-K (i07 ident of. . 1775 382 382 162;i 631 151I4 131 1607, Ito'.l 631 li31, (m7 Itiiti 6.;8 circ. 14i»7 (137 1504 171, (i30 which he 1B23 172, 630 ir)3.-) 1545 1751 172, 631 173 600-1 .... circ. 107» 633 1710 1712 607-8 6:.l 1721 67 i» n 1716 640 [.amaniBtl- 640 640 ition. . ». 1717 640 175(i 641 604-.". nee 1071 610, (!21 le Woods 185(i 714-15 f Canada 1857 185-6 714-15 I ■4 779 WFLMOT, Hon^Lk.miel .X,.lan, app,.i„te,l Bo.n.dary .Xrl.itrator l.y Do„,ini,.n Oovernment Nov. 12tli WILLIAM, F(.KT. .Set) Kumnnutiijiiiii. WILLOCOHBY, Oaktain, made a voyage to the north of H,.Uo„ ., Bay, which he did not .-nter was Ml search of the N(.rth-\VeHt Fasmige WINNEBAdO Lakk, .,u.th of (Jreon liay, taken fon„a HsenKion ofi'l.y M.' Perrot,' conimand' Mig for the (iovenioi i.f Canada WINNIFE(i, Lakk, Kadisson ami iIbh (iroMSelliers trading on de la Noiie ordered to est4ihli8h a fort on, in fort« l.iiilt on. l.y the French WINTEUBOTHAM, account (.f the H. B. ('(..'.s posts and trnde WLSCONSIN R.VBH and Lakk, a tributary ,.f the .Mississippi, taken'formai possession of 'by M I'errol desceiidi-d l.y Marijuette and Joliet a princiiial route of the French of Canada to Louisiana WOODS, I^AKE OKTHK, the French build Fort St. Charlts (.n was with tlie (.ther western posts \nidur (lie ( JoveriK.r (.f Canada in Internat.omd Boundary d..clar..d , ,., through to the m..st'mu'th-we8tern point thereof the southern b..undary of ynebt-c drawn t.. the same point of,'by [mperial Comn'nssioi, to (Jovoriior Carletoi; the must iK.rth-westem pc.int of, defined by Treaty of this point the s.iulh-rt-esterly limit of Ontario under award of the Rrbitrators WYANDOTTES, Tkihk, had a settlement .,n th.' Detroit River yAINTONOE, Jean Ali'HO.Vsk i.k. reported tu have made a voyage l.. Hudson's Bay VORK Faitoky an I. FoHT. See Fort yeUiii. Year. 1874 I5.-.3 KiKO 1666 1717 179.-. 1680 1673 1673 LI 732) I7(il 178;! 1786 1842 1878 17(i4 1545 Page. 8 Joint Appendi.x. 172 17 H 621 566 640 643. J 588-y 621 Ii33 597 183 534 387 550 107 608 173 Index. r.M ADDITIONS AM) COKK'Ki Tl( )\S. Page x-Soction IX.-T-. h line fro.a f.,ot-iV. IG80 r.a.l l(i89. ,„„/ ,nu,^\r il ■/,„/,. /;,„. ,., it. ,„.,,„;■ ..r.ln ..f.l,.,. „„ xii-Section X.-I„,ert in ,,r..,.er .,rder of date, the foll.,wing : •' 17:tl, May 8. The King t„ MM. Bem.harnn.s an. Ilocinart regarding the future dependence „f L.,..iHiana ..n the (iuveinnient ol ( 'anada an.! as to the Illinois. . . . [.•!././. -MV,,-,-. »,»/,,■ m.,/,w;.7,-(,r line 3'J, imil Aot. ' " SO, l>ef Off lo., insert). " 5, icitd Conunissions. " 37, ii-ail Connolly. " 32, „//,.,■ Frenehiuan'a Hivet ,nul Abhitibi River, re^ttecih-eh,, rV-,- n .UhI.. ,s„W,^,^ „ s.niio.lon " It), iijtn- Superiur, uihitI quotation mark. " 20, read mirth mini, " -Jl, omit ((Uolation mark. " 43, :imit in. " 4, ri'iKl country. " 26, rend nienioriul. " 4.'), (('(K^ assurance. 8, iifter possessions, insert ijuotation mark. " 4, ((/<>'/• as and after line, insirt comma. " 41, read noithward in Itoth plaren. " 24, after (juestion and after debate, insert comma. " 14, /or the semicolon, .»u/)s, /«/■ then, /■(-«< than. 10, ajter Council, insert a comma ; recnl eommissionsi. " 23, befure by. ittsert nuotation mark. " 31, reail Union. " 51, reiiil p. 21. " 48, for on, reail no. lineg 36 and 38, read coasts, line 37, read refeired. " 23, before There, insert quotation mark. " 34, after River, insert quotation mark. " i), reuil Nemiskau. " 22, rea, (i/, " 29, read 1656. 80, " 1, lead 16(58. 85, " i», o«i i< [Appendix A, antr, j)p. 34()-2.] " 24, for 500, read 20. 80, " 16 and 17, /or that, to, reaii niork. ' 25, reiiil appointing. ' 7, for to, re-Ill of. ' 2.3, after obtain, innert comma. ' 7, read fhitite. ' 36, road Riri^re. ' 3(5, read crtte. 40, (i/, read Valli. lo. 3(i, read Hethell. 13, read We. 28, read diHCussiou. 39, read territory. 23, after 1763, imert quotation mark. 16 and 20, read Frederic. 34, the like. 47, read Sir Frederic Roger;!. 7, read Frederic. 29, read hardly. . " 31, read miles. 265, last .Hide note, mhstitute Resolutions of the Canadian Parliament, December 1867 293, line 25, after colleagues, id.t.W a period. ' 311, " 38, read Frederic. 315, " 26, after Act, innert a dash. 318, in the schedule, rend Qu'Appelle. • 338, between lines 28 and 20, innerf a rule. 341, I'ncs 12 and 31, leajf Albemarle. 348, line 36, after (1600), /or period, substitute comma. " 37, omit 1600. " 8, after America, insert ]. " .37, a/«er 176.3, /«*)• period, ii/fcj^iyiifc a comma. " 39, omit —1768. " 43, read Maseres. " 1, after Rocher, insert a comma ; for and, read et. " 6, after Rocher, insert a comma. " 7, after Paix, the like. " 23, read ju»qu'&. " 24, read gouverner. " 27, read servir. " 32, read maintenu. " 34, read cofitume«. " 36, read entrer. " 40, reMd pr6c6dente. " 41, reorf m'ont. 122, 131. 132, 137, 142, 163, 172, 173, 177, 184, 188. 195, 197, 201, 203, 206. 206, ' 215, 224, ' 240, ' 241, ' 248, ' 251. ' 263, ' (I 2.54, " 264, " I i 351, 367, 361, 7N3 jolon ; lifitr Cuba, imeW et. << << lino HO, af\'r that, iini-ii ctTiTt. " 'ih, Dlllit otl'l'Ct. " 2S, «mt< aHtpriik. " 37, runt vu iioiw. " 20, iKitl iHiiriltm. " 31, rcdi/ inmitiiiim. " B, Cfni/ cl'uii lui\it. " 411, nftii- liviirn, umil couinm. " f 0, a/y«/- I'oiiit, (III- like. " 10, reail Miij«»ty. 12, nail Clrxxlricho. 17, for " iii/iii/i," reiiil " with." " 27, read .Hingtilii're iMHir Vdtre. " 32, (i)uii'. " !), read ile I'lirpheliiiot. " 11, rwil vooiix. " 11, read Majesty'*. " 13, rend guvurnora. " 17, rend piwiied. " 2'). /oi- lit, read of. " 20, /or Ouy CarletoD, read Froderiok Haldimanil. " 21, t/w' like. " 22, re(ui flovemor-in-Chiet. " 5, read Johuaon. " 21, read Letters. " 7, read Point. " 10, after iisaigii, iimert a period. " 13, after pleiisure, in-tert i\ comma. " 40, after ((uostion, insert comma. " 2, read Toiaiscanning. " U;, read Ottawa's. " 20, read Merclianta Adventurers. " 3, read Outawa. " H, read Francois. " 15, read Tiraiacomiiig. " 23, reiui Nipising. " 11, limit comma after dogrt'os ; Hwt«r< comma after West. " 13, omi< cinnnm ((//(•)■ decrees ; wsfrf comma «/if'i- East. " 37, read lionndary. " 2C, after River, inwrt comma. " 27, tt/ line 37, after which, read the. " 26, reatl preliminary. " 31, read Majeste. " 22 and 23, af'er pays and after Labrador, re^pectimlii, iiwiert a comma ; after carles, omit comma. " 40 and 41, after navigators, read in the course of search for a Weat^rn psa!•*, i>'(i,l shall. .. ;J"^' ;■"'"' ^"«'-'«a'»o, Fl„rontin, et. 11, r((/./ iinouM. 14, n„,l lenr. : 7:;>wrz.rr' "^"•-'^— " .!;!' "•'^' I'- ^""""^ "'"" hyphen. Al, „llrr I'ovo.et, //..v,-,-^ ri>ctivrpt 1 • ,- / i, , :: j;';';;ve...ano..,i, ::::;,;;■'''' ^•'-''on. " S:-;::'c,:;:;.;i:i''" '"■''••-''• -'^'^'--i.ewod. «t..a..n ;hi,.h H.r„Ttr '""",""■" ""' '^'-''-^" int.. u;'st """"'• "■■*'"" "■« '««"<» 45. for deed, ,■,„,/ docn.nent. ' "^ ^ ""'"^'"'- ^^ "^ ^'"""'''' '^^""e'l by •*<>, /■'(/,/ Hourdon ^;:-;:;;r: *-•-'""■■ •■■■-.. ^'A /or cunve3in,f, m.-f to the etfa..* • / 37. /,„• cession . reaU «,„-,vnd, r ' ^"'' '"^'*"' '""' J"»"'«y. 3!»,/<,»' in, rewl of, ••J9, /•'.«,/ i„ the same extent in »hi.:h ,* 1 1 . «:::::.r;:::„;:;:r- -' ^-- «~";:rrr:::' ■-"'■ -• --- 10, rrail batimente. IKratil des GrosMeliers. Mer Duuot — the Fmah q^o ~ ~ — " 7M "J" t" <'l.«ii.|.ltti„ , ukiriK of "lum tltvy canio there after 'CO b,.twi.oi. (1,. tw„ kiMH» "">• i<.clu(le,I, M.m«i«Mr ,le t- *" 'h' produciMl I.y ,),« '» '"iigitiide froiM tla- y""«l. within fhe lands ••'"^iS and into all other «y of Canada, called hy to tllo. Pag* 468, line :W, n/Ur River, omif u inima. " 40-1, /<»• doHcuiild'l, iviii/ pnicoeded 1(1. " ft*, /»(• pruHuntuil, mill i'(>|ii'uiiuiited. 4«l>, •' ft, rtad o»ble«. " '.i4,/ur cuiiwd, irtid OrtimiiiK. •* 3fl, rewl wrfokeil. Tho. " 3ti, after long-lxiatH, nmit tho da^Ii. " 60-1, reml haa Koud xrouiid* (or it* claim to the loMeH niid ditmugur. which it iirctcmU. 470, " «, rem/ La (lar«oiiit«ie. " \'A, for tiw, rriul ti\Hren. " M, rrnil Im Oar^ouMu. " 'M, after wavun, omit coiiiina. " !17-9, nuike n iiep(irate panigraph of null «/ thetf Hne.ii. " 40-1, rciK/ The Compaiiv of Canada not having being •hie to obtain. •* 45, read agent. *' ftO, fur make, iyo*/ whereof they nia»le. " 61, omit of them ; for carry, re
    , ltd'' •.'Atea. 13, n/<( I par, iiwcrt [{)our]. , " 14, read qui [yj passcnt, et. " 15, after Ht. Laurena, iimrt a connna. ■ • 20, read cotes. " 27, after avant, iiiMrt comma ; after dang, amit comma. " 2H, after titles, omit comma ; for deods, /-carf docunients. " 2ft, read the Companiea which have carried on aii, le.K/ coupoi. 31, ivoil proiivor. ;; 39, W()„t«„„„,«; ,W Hmlson',. ^^ «.>'-liol.etweei.,r,W extend from. «, mi,/ FrenchiiieirB. 46-C, r,;„l Minaliigwskiit. 48, ,fwl named Fort Crevecmir ;; ^•--'''•'•/"..^/, ..,;.„;, WOutouIibi,. 00, ./"/• Htrongly, read Hrmly. 6SJ, inn it taken. '•' t W 22"''"' '""' ''"'"'" """« '''«^« f- "bolter. ;; ,:;'''f;'''f-/''-''-,mn,H;.rb,ei,t,mirfcet. 30, rf(((/ cotos. " 31, ;,.((// I(i8;i. 32, /«./o;-« wag, ,„,^,y ^1,^, 33. >r grounded. ....,/ ..Htabligho.! ^ 34, /-o,- g„„d order, „<„/ ,„,,p,,r for,,, «>♦'../<» ailthorizo. nail iumifv »;.. .1 ' 3!.,>,..l„oB.,vWdo. ^""'"y •>"■'"'■ '""'»>ot.on.. 40. aA. place, ,W,7 |R„p„r, Itivorl. ^'•r''""- •'';''-f-"'iH="/^.and.,Wi, W. ./(.(• up,,,,, .v,„/„f 5, mill o.iiiti'Htpe. l(i. inlil 8i., Of all wliicii. ,,„,/ Uy ,,11 „,„. . . : |.-^;=,:'::i:: ■^^t;J^=.,. •*8, .../^, ttu.,„H..lM. ,„/ ,.,„„„^ -^ """"""• ""' '•*•■ ; /'"• from one. na.l „f a. 4!*, ..((,/ ii,|,|.'. 41, irilil c."lli». ^ 42, reiiil cotes. " 4,0. 4(i aii.l 4!», ,,•„./ .-.to. M, mill lAmcriin,!.. " 20, iniil , r.tt'ii. 'M, mill en ; ,r.i,/ poi-t^. '' ••<>."/''■' «<-iviee«,/„de, ivWdea. 4;j, /,„ en ,-,.„,/ uu ; iniil f,i(,, ^ 8 and U, remi bI»''. " 25. 27 and 28, ,•,.,„/ , ,-,,^ 28, nil./ an lien. 34-5, rtii.l „p„„ the ..wneiMhip „f Hudwn's H.v i. -tlleme„t«K,^„.bI„to,Ltwon^, tl^Fr r." """ ""' "'''' *» ^^^ '" arrive at a :W, ..,../ .^„d a, a co„.o.,ue„oe of r ' ' "'""'' *'"°'P«"y -igl't give up. ' ' ..li,..,..,( ^...1 ...!!^' ,','"'. "' ""• '"•'•*"B"ment, the limits in all th... , "... ../ . .,., . . , . 787 f)eeji liiiili ii|„.ii this « 'ii'ie. It ituiiaiiietl lake was with the It'll) ; th»f. « vi«w til arrive at Ariiertcji shulliu be ai ^age 483, line 40, «/<<■;■ any, iiueri nf the. " 45-6, raw/ in view • \ ii lil. " 47, /<)»■ with tliiH foiiiiilatiHii, iM«< 111)111 llic liiisiK. " 48, /(ic iiropoity, II '(./ i)wnir»hi|i, 484, " 45-(), /Till/ (lillen'mos. " 40, mill fditH. 486, " ;{)(, mill iiiui'cnient. " 41, rnul i'tO. 48(i, " 3, reail ouiiiaug. " 14, iiftir Socdnd, in.si it oonini i. " 20, rem/ irAnKinciiurt, " 22, leiul Francis. " 23, lifter atl'airB, iii.wii connna. 4H7. side note, ninit Phu Ijiitiii copy of the preceding. 48H, line ;W, mnl Biibjoot''. 4»5, " 4, limit aaturixk. 497, " 23, mill I'rincoBS. " 32-i'i, iiiiil roceivoB. M)7, " 4, ir<(i/ nDiiiidaryi'. 511, " 211, iimt'f a!tt«ri8k. 513, " 10, limit divggor. 616, " !(, foe Hiinie, nui/ the. MB, " I6,.tftf.r asHurances, iiineii comma. " 17, iijter nipture, iiiHert comma, 521, " 3!t, iijtii port, limit comnia. ftait, " 1!>, mill n entrepots. " Sit, mill sRcritici^s. " 31-2, mill rather than, * 545, " 2, mill appronchcB. " 3, mill made. " 20, mill purpose. 54H, '• 22, miit( seinioolon. " 24, /'")■ tlicrc, mill tiici-oof ; ivml vesaelB. .')41>, side note, /or 17«:t, mul 1794. 550, linen 2tt-34i, leml Lac dn Uois-BIanc, L85. 686, after line 21, mul [Memo.— The Company's memorial of 1750, of which a compUle copy could not be obtained in time Ui be printe, '' i, strike out east and hvM. Joint ArntHnix. Additions and 067J. 37, /oc asterisk, «ufciperio,U„A,«,Y„«« a eommn 41, the f„„t note on page 632 hag reference to " Penve<.«t " !.», j • page. *^*"''^"* ''«^''' """l "» '" I'e trimsferred to foot of this 632, foot note, frrt)(j(/V)- uth, omit comnia. 23 and 26. (ca// (M />,,< 'wte to KiO.I mul !««•> ik. / /i • ™. borne out by any authoritie" ...w kl'nt TZ':;;^:] '""" ^^"'"^'; ^-*'^''"-- ^ """'« be " 1667 •' and " l«f,6." respectively. ' '^ ''oc""'«..ts ...dioate that they should 32, for asterisk, mbntifnte dagger. " 4I,.f»r asterisk, iti(6»/, '"»»' <| notation mark. " 16, read Daillebout. " 24,/wde, rearf du. note*, read T. II. 661, notet, read French'$. 662, line i7,'read (in both placet) Ottawas. " 31, read Ottawas. 637, 638, 64(1. 643, 644, 643, 647, 648, 649, to th%$ column " Indiwi. of the comma after Chrigtinoj ; read nville's term as Qorernor did ot one. l>e triiisfeired to foot of this wiuin- veritioatioii, not li.-iiig ts iiidio»to that they should 78!) I'age 663, after line 0, i,„ni the fuUou-U,,, ;_ Louis XV. to MM. li..,u,har,..i. an,l Ilociuart. Ge,u.,al will always l.o c,,„ally ab to u 1 '/"^ T '-•""^■""'-'^- ''« *'"-' <-ovornor. "ccur. there in r^Ul to'the 1, 1 „ uii 1 'i ^ "' ""' '" '"-" "''"■•"-'' "^ -'-' ;^..ether it he ,...„er t. leave thi;::i,t^^ ^ ^'Z:: ^^'^^^^^^ 'vil, exan,i„e Oovonnnout of Ln„isiaua, as wa.s the case 1.^^.1,' ''"''»""""-'«* it fi<.n, the ''•''^'y will be careful to ren.,rro„ tha nni , / '"""' ^'''"'*'"^ '" ">'^ ^'"■"I'-V. "lioreupou His Alaje.tv wil i "". "''t ?<"»*. an.l to ,tate the rea.son., for an.l a-ainst 054. line Ifi, «„,/ run. ^ ^ '" '^"'""»">'^'^t« 1»8 intentions. C«„,yr. _.,,.,, ^^^.^ ^ ^J. " ' " 40, Timl in. 47, (•("/-/ Lagiirgentliero. •'i, r<'!, 14. Captain Pitman's account of the French Settlements in the.Illinois in 1763, 1770 ;(5 18. Official Report of the Michigan Commissioners on the French settlement of ilie country between Green Bay anil the Mississippi, 1820-1 37-43 1 t)NTARIO APPKNIIIX. u rO.VTENTS. . OffTBlOA Appendix, II. HISTORICAL DESCRIPTIONS OP BOUNDARIES. * I. FRENCH DESCRIPTIONS: 1. From L'Escarbofs " Histoire do la Nouvclle France," 1609 '''^"''• 3. From Baron La Ilontan's Memoirs, lfi83 ' •*•'> 3. Vaisetteon the Bouiidarks, 1755 ... • ' 45 "'" 45 II. ENGLISH DESCRIPTIONS : 4. Ogilby on the boundaries of Canada, Labrador, etc., 1671 paoe. 5. Captain Vetch's description, 1708 4ti 6. Eitriicta from Salmon's History, 1743 4(i 7. Jefferys on the Enfe'litih view of the boundarie. "of Canada, 1761.' ' *" 8. Jelforys on the limits of Louisiana, 1761 47 9. Bouchetto on the boundarioi of Upper Canada. 1815 ^^ 48 III. PROCEEDINGS IN THE NORTH-WEST^AFTER THE CESSION OF CANADA. 1761.1776. Extracts from Henry's Travels 1766-1768. Extn-icts from Carver's Travels ......'.".".".'.".'.'.* ^9 Origin and progress of the North-West' Company of Canada ^^ ,.,.0 ,^n. ^^"-'"'"f <:«u"t>-y which the North-Wcst Company occupied °* 1789-1790. Extracts from Mackenzie's History of the Fur Trade ^^ 1800-1809. E.xtraet. from Henry's Journal of Travel "'* 1805-1807. Extracts from Pike's Travels 08 73 IV. MISCELLANEOUS. 1. Charter ..f New Scotland, from James I. to Sir William Alexander, 621 3 ?hT;ior'","tf' c'*":' """^'^''fr"' ""■" ''•^^'"'^ '■ '" ^^^ ^Vmiam Alexander; 1625 i : 'j! 3. Charter ol the Country and Lordship of Canada, from Charles I. to Sir William Alexander ' 1628 o ' 4. Notes on Maps of dates from lC32tol857 ^lexanaer, lb.J8 oj 6. Rights of postliminy-the Duke of York's Patents ^^'^^^ 6. j;'---;'i';^^hadinthePri^ycounciitouchingthe,iiv;s^;;;;;fp;;;;„o:s'i;;N^^^^ I'n 4. Extracts from Franklin's letters to his son, 176G-1768 -^'nerioi, 17U-1784 i.>3 8. Letter of the Right Hon. Edmund Burke, on the QuebecAcV 1774 ^^* 9. Objects of the Quebec Act, 1774 :-- W<> Extract from a publication of that year E.xtract from Russell's History of America, 1778!.. ^"'^ 10. Deb,ito in the House of Lords .m proposal for repeal of the Act ^"^^ """""'•'^I^m^lt^d^Zrr^'"''"'^^ ''' 1815. Mar. 18. «-> ^^'^^^.f t!"?™"^ ^'^ ^^^ ^PPl-tion of the ^r c- r. , ^ ^ Company for military protection , .„ Aug. 16. Sir C.or,lon Drummond to Earl Bathurst in reply ^"'^ 1816. Jan. 3. Earl Bathurst to Sir Gordon Drummond regarding violences perpetraW inthe North-West "' by the servants of the Hudson's Bay and North- W.sf r„„„.„,.; , . , Oct. 1. ^-vernor-Gene..SherbrooketoLieut..OoverrG::tI::i^:r:5rSL ''' resi>ecting occurrences at Fort William, etc "tsiMttn;, Oct. 17. Lieutenant-! iovernor Gore to GnvBrn«» r',...„™.i t;i t i • '. ^45 Oct. 23. Governor-Oeneral Sir J^^^^ZZ^^r^^^^^ Z Stl" '""TT ''''''''' ''' 18.7. Feb. 6. Ear,Bat,iui^toG,.ernor.Gene.u,astothea;;;.^:^r;f"^^^ "^ P„b „ F , n r "-'"""« "" '"'""' "^ » l'~'=l'""ation in the name of .the Prince I Je iT ' ' U. Fob. 11. Earl Bathurst to Governor-General Sherbrooke, sug.estin. the me..s„Z . e™,',„-,: ''' the proMocution of Lord Selkirk . . '" " 'e.t...a.iry to i.^ 147 ■i:j m" rAiiE. 45 45 46 PACE. 4(i 4(i 4U 47 47 48 OF CANADA. 49 53 64 55 64 08 73 CONTENTS. Ill MISCELLANEOUS.— C<>njt'ct 144 i to investigate, o Regent 140 lecesaary to Ixj 147 AGREEMENT OF COUNSEL AS TO MAPS AND DOCUMENTS. Special Case the documents an J extracts in this separate Agreement of far as cominK from the sources stated, and the memoranda ?/'""'^l,,f *° It is agreed that on the argument of the appendix are to be assumed to be genuine as far as coming irom me sources siaieu, mm tue inuuiuiaii'ia. jj^p„and in e.icli sepurato appomlix arc to hn assumed to be coirect according to the purport thereof, but without Documenti, prejudice to any inaccuracies or omissions being shown by either party. The above does not apply to the description of Maps contained in the Ontario separate Appendix entitled " Notes on Maps," it being understood that notwithstanding anything therein contained any map relied upon by either party must be exhibited, lithographed or photographed. The Joint Appendix was completed subject to the above agreement. 0. MowAT, for Ontario. D. McCarthy, for Manitoba. |rcnch ^fxplonitious im\ Settlements. I.--PRENOH DOCUMENTS. TAKING POSSESSION OF THE COl'NTRlES OF THE OUTAOtJAS AND OF THE INDIAN NATIONS OF THE NORTH AND WEST, AT SAULT STE. MARIE, 1071. M. Peurot's Account* Ontario Ari'KNDIX, S.«. r. Frnirh t\r/ifi'ntlinn4 ttiiit lift tit' iiu'ntf. French Din'uiiient* : IlCCOlUlt, HCH!4ii>II nf tlio ' M. Intendant Talon asked me if I wouhl consfiit to go i.p the eoiintry of tlie Oiitaoiias, as inter- tilll'x'irti,"' preter, anil to lead there a sub-ilelegate that ho would appoint, in order to take posseasion of the same. ","l'j^''"'' I told hinn that I was always ready to ohey him, and that my services were at his disposal. Therefore *1() I left with M. de Saint Lusson, his snh-delegate, and we reached Montreal, where we remaineil till the beginning of October (1670). We were compelled, in the course of our journey, to winter amongst the Amikouets ; the Saulteurs spent the winter also in the same localities. . . . They were notified to go hack to their homes as early in the spring as pos.sible, in order to listen !sr. P.rmt h to what M. de Saint Lusson had to say to them and to all the tribes in the name of the King. I des- patched Indians also to inform the Northern tribes that they .should not fail to be in their coutitry. I dragged and removed afterward.^ a canoe on the other side of the island, where I landed Thence we left for La Ihoje den Renards et Mtam'w, whicli is not very far, and I made all the chiefs come to the Sault Ste. Marie, where we intended to erect the posts and affi.x the arms of Franco, in order to take possesssion of the country of the Outaouas. That event took place in the year 16G9 [1671]. 20 I went, on the fifth of the month of May, to the Sault Ste. Marie, .accompanied by the principal Chiefs of the Po>iteliatamis, Sakis, I'uans, and Malhommis (Malouminds or Folles-Avoines) ; those of the Foxes (Outpgamis), Mascouetcchs (Mascoiitins), Kikabous and Miamis did not go beyond La llile. . . . I found at my arrival, not only the Chiefs of the North, but also all the Kiristincms, Monsonis, and the Indians of entire neighbouring villages ; the Chiefs of the Nei)issings were there also, as well as the Amikoiiets and all the Saulteurs who inhabited the locality. The post was set up in their presence, and the arms of France were affixed thereto with the assent of all the tribes, who, not being able to \Mite, gave us presents instead of their signatures ; they declared thus that they were putting tliemscives under the protection and dominion of the King. Proch verhuiuc were drawn on the subject of this taking of possession, upon which I signed as interpreter, with Sr. de Saint Lusson as sub-delegate; the 30 Revd. Father Missionaries Dablon, AUouex, Dreiiillette and Maniuet [Manpictte] signed afterwards, and, below, the Frenchmen who were on the spot, engaged in the fur trade. The proceedings were in conformity with the instructions given by M. Talon. All those tribes went back afterward to their homes, and lived during many years without any trouble on either side. I have omitted to say that the Hurons and the Outaoiias did not arrive until after the taking of possession ; because they hud tied from C'hagouamikon They were informal of what had taken place, and they assented, like all the othei-s, to all that had been decided or concluded.f *Mimoire *ur let Moeurs, Continue*, et Religimi de» Saumgta de PAinirique Septentrionale, par Nicholai Perrot, pp. 12C-8. t M. Nicholas Porrot, a man of f^iuni family, was l)(irn in Canada. Ho was accustomod from childhood to the excitements and incidents of border life. Being for a time in the servico of the Jesuits, he became familiar with most of the Indian tribes upon the borders of the Great Ijikos, and with their custom.i and language. These held him in extra- ordinary estocni, and accorded him tlio same rights and prerogatives as their native chiefs. He appears to have establish- ed the first trading post cm the Upper Mississipiii. From Kit!.') to 1701 his name was a familiar one to both French and uatives, and he used his influence with the latter largely in the interests of Canada, wlu>3e successive Governors courted Ilia acf vices. His family resided at Bccanc-oiirt (near Three River-a), where he himself died during the first year:? of the 18th century. {Mimoire mr kt Moniifi ; Ncill's JJiat. of Minnesota.) mnmi Ontaiiio Appknihx, H«c. I. t'reiifh ir/i/criitiuiiM mill mltli- tiiiiilii. M. Pierre Marqrt's Account. Knmcli I'iK'ilini'ntK : Tiikinj,' |K,» MI'Knicll (if tin i' ^"l-'^-t of Marino and Colonic, at Pan. Tl.o ..re.ent i» fron. Joliet witnessed on tho lethJuIv lfi7l n *. Saint '--^ to..k posses.i.,„ at the liul^ s; "mJ:? Lu ;^ '^'^""'-^- «-- ^e Leon onlere,i t,. ^r., t„ this country in onler to t, v t ,lV "'"''"^ '"""''■'^■- ^"'"^ Lu.s.son had c..p,.c.r. .'';^l;>n.l-KlesJ.adinstn..tedS n l1: X;^ ° .""^^ '^""•- -1--"/ those of haint Lussoii, on Iiis uirival -it Sanlt ^f \r • ".-l.s.and the Non,..ts, whoinh;d.i;;dthe lin-r' V''? '"''^ ^^''^ ^^l^iP-ai, the Malo- tnbes as he could ; tla>y were fourteen in ..ras fl'"'^"^"•'^^ tYR..„al,e..uik-.the Makousiteic, the I'o^^^C^"^'' r"'"-"'" '"^'""^ "' '-^^' Suj.erior" lo '"'•■•''"ted the Uaie de.s Puants. "t^atom.s, the Ouumihouun.s, the Sassas«u„aeottons, which t«.i.'':;!::::i^^:^^^^ ^askouti.. Outa,o.„i. and other trihes of that the Xiscaks. and Mas,uikonkioek. :^::^2^,^:Z:;^;^:^] ^T""";""'' ''' '''''--' «""-"- mstrueted to announce the same to the tri^cs^ih 2 h"i"''' ' •''"'"'*'' "' ''"" "^'^"'^- --« «upp„sed to reside in great nun.bers on the shores of U.eta *' """"" " '''"''"•"• '^"'^ ^''^' -«'•« Saint Lusson liavin.f done rnn.l i ;„ „ P-ence of these India.; th^lll^^irrir;^;^^'?'- '-^^'' '^'"^'^ ■"t-pretor. in the desue that Christianity should be frutiful ^ t Jo a^i tieT Tl"" \ ""'1 " "''''' ''' -' P'^^ "^ '-^ near this cross on a cedar tree. Jocal.ties. The Arms of France had been affixed 20 Mi.4; ai^zrr .x; t;:- ^, -^^:ri:r = r - '^^ -- ^^ -« -- Hi,H Navarre, e took possession o.' tl>e piac; of sI ' Marie' dTT' u''' ""'Ir'"" '''"^' '' ^'•-- ""^ .Sj.p.T,or Kcaontoton Jshu.d, and of all the oth omrt ries v ' T ""'^ ^^ '^ ^^^« ""-"- Lake adjac...t to those already .liscovered or to be discover dL^^n^ "'."'"' ''"""" """^'"°"^ '^"'^ and Uest. and on the other by the 8ea of th Soulh in al 7 "7 "^' ^^ "" "'-■^^ «^ *'- ^-th uttered tese words he concluded them, raisin, a ^^of '';'"■ T\ ""'''"' ^""^ '''' ^^"^ L"-- repeated by the whole assend.ly of French and In ,, He 'l I ) r' "' ^'"' '' ""''' ^'»'='' -- •a :„ the future they would be subjects of the Kin" thaUh n ^''"'"'^'''^ ''' '^" ^'"-' P'--«»t -^ no .her power could occupy thi. count. ^^^ "^^^-^^^l^.fTT^^^^^^^ ^ vJZ. x'or s=r::;: ^i^^i^r c^", -i ^^^^ -- ^- - ^ -i-. of those countries; the Rev. Father OabridLunlttU^^^^^^^ '"P^"''^ «^ ^'^ ^''-•o"" o Andr.<, Jae,uc. Mau.ras. inhabitant of Thrc" ive^' '^J^''^''':^'^'^ ^"'--. the Rev. Father tl.e .arnson of the ( 'a-stle of .Quebec. Lenis MassrTlfano.V *; n.' ^^'""' "^^ ''^ '^'''"''"-- -'•'''■•• of -.es I.,d,.e. .an M.^ser, ..re Wet^^;'- ^-^ ^^^ TIIF TAKING POSSESSION OF HUDSON'S pav axtt. U..fZ l;"tfSdlr:^:™^^^^^ --^ initio: of .. mdi. Nations a. " to t:.ke possession, in the King's nau,e. of th rtWe"^.' TallTt ^'' ''''""' ^"^-'-t of Canada banks o U.e River St. Lawrence as far as theZ; of t ISt •; "1 T'^' "''^'' '''' ''^^^--n the Hudsons Bay. and adjacent lands and ,se,.s.beinraMi:k^",f™'-^ of the Fretum Davi.s. including o trade^ and at the River Ndn.iskau, which rise^ h Lake N V ''T'' ^'^'''''' ''^''"^ ^^'^ I"'Ji'">« >"-et ^d^!££_^l- Indians inhabiting the North S a l.tl Hud " p"' *'' ?"''""" "^ ^'^P^^'" ^iaskou, "ift t Pari*. TIio i)ro»ejit is from ois f Lake Huron, Lake eaiiiH contiguous and le seas of the North ime that Saint Lusson ive le Roi, wliieli was to all those present led by his laws, and 30 and the effect of his vn of this taking of f of the Missions of >iicz, tlie Rev. Father Taiipine, soldier of r avi.s, including ire the Indians meet f Captain Kiaskou, 9th of ,]u\v ifi7o 40 Ontario Al'PKNDIX. Sir, I. Fri'tti'h fJ'plnrttthllUI itirl Hittlt- mi iiti*. I'Vi'iicli Ddcumrnta : ORDINANCK OF THK FRENCH KING RESPECTING THE FUR TRADE, lO.SS.f During this year an Ordinance of the King was promulgated, relating to the tax upon the fur ordinanm trade, which provided, that all merchants and settlers of New F'ramc, who purchase beaver, moose, and 'i'."'''';',,^'"*'' I'lirl riuit* peltries, in Hudson's Hay, Perce Isliiiul, and other parts of New France, Acadia excepted, sliid! bo bound "''*•'• to bring .saiil beaver and moose to (.Quebec, that they may be paid for them, and one-fourtii retained for the Farmers of the Revenue. MILITARY EXPEDITION OF THE CHEVALIER DE TROVES, OVERLAND TO HUDSON'S BAY, l(iSG.| 20 Seventy ('anadians had been selected to form part of the expedition, and they weix to be com- manded by the Siours d'lberville, de Sainto Helenc and de Marincourt, all sons of Charles Le Moine. Thirty soldiers were added to them, and they were under the conmiand of MM. de Troves, UuelKssnil and (Jatalogne. Father Sylvie accompanied them, trusting to be useful not only to the French but also to the Christinaux, and other northern tribes. The rivers were frozen, and the earth was covered with snow when tliat small party uf vigorous men left Montreal in order to ascend the Ottawa River as far as the height of lan entrance of which they built a small fort of 30 stockades, where they loft three Canadians ; they continued then their course towards St. James' Bay. DiTriiycs' ovctIhikI Kx- ["•ilitiiin to Uiiy, KiSG. PETITION OF LA COMPAONIE DU NORD RESPECTING THE POSTS OF ABITIBYS AND NEMISCO 1698§. The Company petition for Icav, "to continue to manage the dependencies of tliat j t of the Bay petition of of the North which com imses the Abitibys and Nemisko posts, si )ecitied and included in the letters I'/'!"-,'.'" , . I ' 1 ISoril, WX>, patent granted by his Majesty to the said Company on the 20th of May 1G95." GOVERNOR D'IBERVILLE ON THE COUNTRY OF THE MISSISSIPPI, 1702.|| The River Wauash. — The River Wabash, as far as I know, for ';'.'< than one hundred and twenty i)'[i„.niii(. on miles, is not inhabited. I wish to pos.sess it, and have it occupied by tne i'.'rnois, who will hunt buffalo, »•"■ '"""'■■.v ... ' I^ > of till' .MlBHlS- deer, and similar animals which swarm the environs. Where the Illinois iioiv are they are of no service, sii'pii iTOa. 40 '^"''iig unwilling any longer to carry on the beaver trade. Some jieople m.'_, say, as I have heard it said, * Nviiiiskati — Rupert's River. I Furland, Hhtoire dii C.uvula, Vol. II., p. 164. liririiiiuusiiia ilmliTiciJ Culkxliuil, Vol. I, j)[i. Ml-4. f N. Y. Hist. Col. vol. IX. p. 800. § Anhices lie Puris, Sdc .SVnV, Vol. vii. 272. ■w Ar Hee. 1, a I'll II till- fill nil, French iJiHuiiieiitu : ^'- i% of the Puans and i„ the cou,.,v VL mLr "" ""'^ ''""* ^''" '^•-'--' -'"'''' they sell I^ ''''"'■^'""•"^. who l.avo loft tho hanks of H, M' • ■ ,„. Th.. Jfiamis, MauHcoutons an.l Kika....,, , ^-^consin, on the Mi8.si.si,.,.i. ' Mahas, OrroKs IcnvAvs— Il.l tht humi — n "■« null! 11 wo wish "^ ".""«., luur It will he absolutely necessarvflinf n i/- , ' Tlin r<...,_.i:_.. • . . TJio Canadians intimate to tl Una.,., „.,,„ .,„„,, .^„,,, .„ .,K,;;:ur;,!i:;s,;:* 7 ":"•"- " "-• '■"' '» ""■ «-•,.„,„, „, ^ poMsibl.!. If they hunt 'I faiisn it to fio occupied ty incn upon tlio rivt-rs L'ttvur, which they st-il at i''«j,'o (,n account of the y I'L'inovo to thi! Iliinoi.s, on the Misiissipjii, •M' if do. It i * imprudent to accustom the o.,TAiim Ravages to \»: spoken to by presentu, for, with so nuiny, it wi'ulil cost tho King more tliuii tlie revetmo ^''l*^!"*' derived from the trade. When tliey come to us it will bo m-i esaary to liririg thetii in subjeclion, make ^^' '• them no presents, nnd compel them to do what we wish, as if they wore Frenchmen. tr"iLraHan$ nil , ■ I 1 1. ■ , I I I •■ . . ' nnd tttlli- 1 lio Spiiniards liave divided the Indimis iiUo p.irl les on this |i"iiil, nnd we can do the saine. WIk n "'"»'»■ ono nation does wrong we can cuuse to trade witli them, and tlireiiten to dfaw down the hostility of French" other Indians. We rectify the ditliculty by having missionaries, who will bring them into obedience ""*"">•"•• = secretly. 10 The Illinois ami Ma.scoutens have detained tli(^ IVench canoes they fin 1 upon the Mississippi, saying p 'Il«rvillfl ml that tho Governors of Canada have given them porini.ssion. I do not know whether this is so: but if ""' *^''"^.„„ . I. 11 , , , , i««Hi|ii, liOi. true it lollows that we have not tho liberty to semi any one on thf Mississippi. M. le Sueur would havct been taken if ho had not beer the strongest. Only one of tho canoes he gent to tho Siou.x was plundered LA llARPIJ ON THK FRENCH IN LOUISIANA, lf)n9-1721.« (IfiDO.) M. le Sueur also camo passenger in Giaonde [Dee.]. Ho had acquired celebrity by his travels in Canada, and was now sent on the part of M. L'liuiller, Farmer-Ueneral, to make a settlement on the Mississippi, and to work some minei there w hieli he had diseoveri'l some years. (ITfiO.) O' tho 19th [Feb.], MM, d'lborville (uid Bienville, with M. Dugud and ten marines, arrived at the viUrge of IJ w Bayagoulas. On tlio same day M. lo Sueur, who had sot out on his journey to the 20 Scioux N lion.H, aho .^rived there. (170' ) i ■(! tho !*■ Ji November, two canoes with voyaijenrH arrived from the Iliinoi.s. One of them was M. Lau. sine, wle iiad been to tho Mis.souri River. Ho gave an account of tho nations that inhabited that country, ; well as some Spanish settlements on tho frontier of Mexico. (170c.) On the Kith [Jan.] Father Gracio, a Jesuit, returned from tho Illinois, .severely wounded. He liad much trouble in making his escape, as that nation had declared war against tho French. (171'^) At the time of the transfer [to M. Crozat] there were in the colony four hundred persons, including twenty negroes, and three hundred head of cattle. (I717.) In tho month of August, 1717, a company was formed in France under tho title of the ''Western Company." At this period there wore in the cohmy seven hundred persoii.s, and fourhun- 30 dred head of cattle. They had entirely neglected to cultivate the land. (I7IS.) In the beginning of October, M. de Doisbrilli.ant [s/r] sot out to take command in the Illinois ; and at tho same time M. do la Harpo embarked with tifty men for his concession at Cadoda- quioa, on Rod River, with orders to establish a post there and to a.seertain the number of Indian tribes in that country. (1719 ) On the 29th December, M. de Bienville, received a letter from M. Diitisne, dated Kaskas- kias, November 22, 1719, with an account of his travels to the village of the .Missouris by the river and to the villages of tho Osag<'s and tho Panis by land. He observed that the water of the Missouri had a strong cr'-rent, was muwiiiiiniit» : I<» Hnr|ii>nn in '"iiiHiiiiiu l(iUaJ7L'l. uia. n7"""'r "';' ' '"^ «"'"' -"' '•""'^'•. ^^><' t 3: -h'" ;/7-^''-^t <'i'-eHon. n„,l l.o parsed "'T"J'. •>...„.. „...,„, u.,. nrn. ..f U. Kin, it;;^;;.:^ 'i;;; ^'"^- ''" -'' -'"'- -"tion. "-"i. a".i Kutlu... Manual at ,,.0 "n^s.si:L '!:,:;:./; -I 'V'""'' '': ''" ' '^'' ''"'"■"''' '" <-"'- 10 (172(1). The Wc.st.Tn (' . "" ''■"-""'^ '''^*'"'t- *;..«;.^...M*;:;:;-;,:;:::n;:::;:::i:;:';::::; '■■■■; .;-»..i.e.,„, „„„„ ,„. -I'';n-tl..vcw.countc...l,IuM.'aoUUaand p1 ,h"^^^ ^^''" '""' '"•--' -^ tl... Kal.sas Ki 20 ,.. H , «,„, ,.„ , , ? """''■' '"' '''''™ "'«'*I*"'H TKAI.K, ,72:, . .^:&..r,.,,u,,.„;:ni::''M:r;;::/;:;::^^ ;'"'"' ''"^-n.,. of loM;ri„„l,. . |,„t ^,,.^ ..xtont'a i " , ' """"'"' "* ^"^ '•''•«'"'"' i» «l".ul ti.e ;-.: -^:' "I';-;;;::: :/-2^^^^^^^^^ -;.. .... . .t. ....... ... .it..... tl'.Hy ,.„..,...; a„.l when- tlu^ L .1... I.,.^L : / r^ r'^";- "'"^ T^-'y -C....I f..,.,,.... ,,..1,^ '''I'iM-sitionofL.nisian, W..1I 1 .,"' "'''•^'' ''''"•'' ''"•"^ tl.i.ty ...i..,.,,.. • . • "^^ l^'a;;>.;'.s ... ..xtont; and „.,.v....,l.el...s,s it has 1, .. "^ ' " "''"' •^""""y "^ ""'I'-ly «v« hun 11 «...! '"'-. wl.h. .akin, ,h.,ir .,se .... the ( W..: , '' , ^ ;' ^^^ ' -'' '^- "'- -v.s (>..a,J,L ,J''«»'^"K'-I.lmvoaIIie.!the..,,s..Ivest..a.nv.t "' '^'"^'^ *''•'"'••-•' ^^ '» ^'^ Mi-issi,,,i. . . n-.-»l. allia...... with tl... ,....,,„oi.. tl. C a ; • . n';; '"'"'"' '7'"'"^ "^ ^--«. -• 'laily c„..tract "''"""...S ...,.1 ..„.ny ...h.... „ati,...s l,..,..i„,.i ' ', "• • '"'"""";"'-^. tl- Chica.-has, .1... ('„l,i,„ns thrTlf -n..,...,h..Mis.i.i,,i „.,,.,;;;" J l;;zn,T7: '""" ^*"""""" '-" ^^-^ --t ^^'""7. "''■"-'V- <•" the river .,f tl.., Una) J .es ,' 1 .7 . '•"''''"' '"" "'"•''■ l-'i""^ "'■ -a ' '" ,*" *f''"'"n«n'luiii iiit«..ii.(| t.. K,.t f,,ri., .1 ■ — — . 11 •lircoMoi), mid hv passed <.siM.' I,v iimkiiiif tlu'iiifi ■ V" (iiid w.iilik,. nation. >ary. 1720. arirrliuvin^' An^riist, ITIS, mid set, i'<'>1kt, aixl (.n tlu' lOth 'lisfi II (■(.It aiiionj,' tlio ii'l 'M. Jilotid.^l ill ,.„n,- i„ t. '" '"ivi' a <^t a priest who liad 20 yhtof ;i!), ...vteiids '•'ii^'l.iiid in aliout the "f latitude, Leeaiwe our diseoveries niav " de;,nee of liititiide, ''■'lit (Detroit.) This '"I this aceotiiits for Cfeed fiiinteeii iioiirs 30 iites. ♦ • • ' I'y (lie Sieurde la la.M heen eoniiiiurii- learly fJv,. hundiv.l s! Kiv.r Mississippi 'k- rivers Ouahaeho iisMi.ssippi. • • and daily contract •'•■•liiutns, the Ali- ' i'lish their triide •• l»ro.iei-t n their side 'f l'|iper ("ana.ia. Ifjiendeney which -".V --f.: nJiiiiiili^ Ji„ t'licli, |.iirt. iii., iioto s •A, From Louisiana will lie olitaineil skins of wild Imlls, tho wool of which can be turned into use. No ontahio dilliciiity need ill' e.\|)erien('iMl, silicic M. d(^ .luehei-4 ail, LieiitenaiitUeneiid of the jurisdietinn of Mont- _L_ lli'iii, who in 171)-, liad, wiiji thiity-l'mir (.^'iiniidians, estahlished a post on tho Uiialjuelie, in the name of a ^'^' compiiny, wluie he iiad collected in a short space ol' time (ifteen thousand skins of hulls, as detailed in ,xiiii>miwnt the narration in the ilistorica! Journal of the mouth of January, 1705. "nl'lut!"' I'Voiii this eciloiiy will ln! ulitained skins of fallow deer, bear, red deer, and finer peltries than from Kr..iu:ii Canada, beeaiise the upper part of thi^ Mississippi Kiver communicates witli several iiortluMii imtions '"'"'""" who reside at too j,'reat a distance from the lakes liy which the descent is effected towards the St. Law- Lalliiriwmi renee lliver, and it is for the seif-saiiie reason that these skins of bulls cannot be obtained from Canada, ]() as the Caiiadiiins have not pushed tlnir trade so far as that. The Siou.t savaj^esand the Assinipolis are those w lio, by ineims of the Christinaux, carry the lar^jest part of their finest peltries to the Kiitflish at Iliidsoii's l!ay; but it would lie easy to renew alliances with them, and to attract their tradi; by the Mississi[ipi ; beeaiisi' in order to j^'o to Hudson's liay, it is necessary to make a loii;^ journey tliroU;.^li a country always frozen and wilhont edibles, carrying their merchundizo on their backs, whilst to trade with us, they would only have to descend tlw! Mississippi in their canoes, so far as tlu; entrance of the Kiver St. I'ierre, wlnre- they would find a more j;eni;il climate, and a country with a greater abundance of all sorts of things, lint, in this ca.si>, it would be neci-ssary to found establishments on the banks of this rivi'r, and ailheru to the phin of the late M. le Sueur in the iiianuer agreed on with M. L'Huillier, the Farmer-Cjcneral. l'p|K.r MiH- HisKljipi tiMil.-, 173;) EXPLOIIATIONS AND DISCOVERIKS OF TIIK VEKENDRYES. 1728-1750. Lrs Vauknnks 1)K Vkkendute.* In 17''S, Peter Caulticr de Varenne, .Sieur de la V'erenilryc, one of the sons of the Chevalier Rend Kxptoratinnii Gnultier, Seigneur de V'areiine and ir 22 years (Jovt*rnor of the City of Three Rivers, in New France, lirv,.!! 17^"" continued in sad obscurity, in the territories which surround Lake Superior, a careei' which had coin- ^'^''^• Uienced brilliantly on the battle-fields of Europe. A cadet in l('ii»7, after two campaigns in America — the one in 1704, in New England, the other in Newfoundland in I70.') he spent liie following year in Flanders, in the (Ireiiadiers of the 1st Rattalion of the Hretiigne Regiiueiit, ill wliieii his eldest brother, afterwards killeil in Italy, wiix then cajitnin. His I'ontluct in this regiment merited for liim the most honourable mention. Notably at Mal|il.'ii|uet, ;{0 (Inding the means of clistingiiishing himsflf amongst his comrades, " who themselves ilid wonders, "-f he won tlie rafik of Lieiiteiinut, having received nine wounds, from which he recovered, contrary to every hope, after having been loft as on the battle-field. This conunenccnient gave promise of a brilliant future for one so young ; but war had never been as destructive to the oiliccrs, of whom a great many perished of hunger.J M. do la Verendrye's father, a very tine man, who, according to M.ileDononville, had no fault, except the poverty which hi- beipientlied to his sons, forced him to return to Canada, there to accept a simple ensigney to enable him to live Tills rank, which he |)artly owed to the recommendation of the Manpiisede Vaudreuil,§ was inferior to the one he had so gallantly purchased with his wounds.{| Notwithstanding these claims to a better ... fortune, he, for scveiiiecii years, vninly strove to obtain for his zeal aini services a jiosition equal to the one he had held under the Marshal de Villars. Hi! had even several times reipiested permission to go to Fratice, to obtain at t'ourt reparation for the oblivion in which he lived ; and lie grieved deeply at being unable to succeed, ♦ Kniin ill" Freiicli e]iiirt- ini'iit iif Marim- lunl thv CnlimieH, iit, I'mis, .mil llio i'iirii'!i|)ratu,it$ O'k' trttle- menti. French Oocumenta: 12 Exploratiiins of the Veren 1760. VerL-n,lrv,>'. . • ^^ °"'^^''' ^"^ '^^ cost, nobl,.,- Hmn . """„ "^ ^-.madii, pronounced to be the (iovernn.ent re..,nii„„ tho ov, I ^ "' '^'"''^' ''""'"fe' t'>« life of Philin 0/0 ^ ""' '° i ho Ko^^'ont, in clioosin^ hetw..pn fK^ * brun and Father V.nm2 S Fa or (J T '^""•^"'•"""^'y e.st.l,lish,.d i„ 17.7 Z \ ? ''P'"'* " "'' ^'"-'" ; «''"«'• ''« afterwards really did ♦ Uttre d M. de Maurepw. " "^ _ J__^' + UUtory of Virginia. JMS.durAl.l,.. DolierdoOoMon Rclationi d 3 N.iS:t;vS:-('ci:;^j"r"" » «- - -«-. Zl::^., ITZt ?*/"""• "'"-^"•^ -' -'-• 8ioui.3rdNuvember!l7£^7'"'''*'««"^-''"«h«bi..i.a'flt^^^^^^^ J*«.u.to mi„,.„.,^ ,^ ......_ attain n success we had ngth obtained leave to go lien, fortunately, lie was !,;. He went to tlio con- lity of making his name 1' men of mind esteem 080 enterprises which the lada, pronounced to be, l>at with which M. de la af it, I will here give a 10 '. to the north of Lake 1, thought it might lead ' I'ad, in the prece.ling the Ohio and Missis- Utilize these accounts; and by that to China v., had been taken up Jen presented to the 20 •liscovery. huhod the •"■th to the south of able route to pursue in of Orleans, animated ingth threatened to be :1> they had already rendrye came down to what information he ^onor, who had just during the preceding 30 te.I to him, at the • an unfortunate inj- — an expedition up Sioux. TheKegent >>ut bethought that liand would be ob- to incur the expense Boucher do Mont- having been able 40 Western Sea. The o cocument« : desire to give a summary Not contented with his first stop, and liaving ol)taincd other information respecting the Piiver of 10 the West {liirihr du cuu<:lin)d), and having secured luiumgit the Indians a brave and faithful giiiile, capable of conducting a convoy,* M. de la Verendrye himself went to Quebec to discuss with the Governor of New France the project he had formed of going 10 explore fir.-,t the Ilivir of the Assini- boels, and then the rivers situated towards Lake Oiiinipigon, to within 500 leagues of Ivamanistiguoya, thinking that at this distance one would be found leading to the sea. The Governor who succeeded the Maniuisde Vaudreuil (whose death occurred in 172')), was the Exi.l.irBtioni ,,„.,, , . . ... , . , . of the V creil' Manj'iis Cii.:-'"- de lieauliarnoi-*, a member oi a family tliat Miiougli its services, and its relatioiisliip to dry.*, 1728- the Pontehurtrain-i, held the highest position in Itoth the naval ami colonial oervices. As eaptjuii of his ship, remarkable for his bravery in several combats, and particularly in 1707, on board the .Ac7t(7/f ,f he was not less distinguisheil by his extensive knowledge. For those .several reasons he was not iii- 20 different to the projects of M.de la Verendrye. In the preceding ye.ar even, M. de Beauharnois had already shown his symiiatliy, by restoring him to the rank he held in 1710. But he was induced also by another consideration to patronize the scheme. The glories of discovery were not unknovyn to the Beauharnois family. One of the Oovornor'a brothers, Claude de Beauharnois de Beaumont, had, as ensign of a ship, taken an active part in the discovery of the Mississijijii, an enterprise undertaken by sea under D'lberville and DeSurgeres; and, in listening to M. de la Verendrye lie must have conceived the wish to add to this precedent in the history of Ins family the honour to be derived from promoting an undertaking of this kind. M. de Beauharnoi.9 had, as an iiuentive, the thought which, formerly animated Samuel Champlain, the Ilecollets, the Jesuits and the Sulpieians, Jean Talon, the Count de Frontenac, Chevalier 7, and who.se solutiim should have been the principal object of the expedition. The West and the North-West of America being still unknown, from California to Hudson's Bay and the remote east of Asia being eipially .so, ns well as the sea which in that direetinn divided the old world from the new, there were learned men who agreed with the navigators of the titli century, that the union of the two continents was to be found in the latitude where Behring subsequently dis- Aj\ covered the straits that bear his name. In 171H, Father Bobo, a priest of the CongrPijafion, who had strongly incited the Regent and mj, ministirs to the discovery of the Western Sea, coiisideiei„. o.t„„,. :,i.;i::„s ,';";■"'■■," ■'« ''°»"- the patron. Still, as he was not hli,rr;""'r.' ""'" "■^"'=""'^" «''tlio enterprise of whi','i; T"^. •'"""'"" °^ pru.h.nt ih,.t the explorer Z. V ■• *''" "'^"^^ ''i'Kcnltie.s of such • n » '"'"■'^"^^ '"<'» i'.tordatiun.vvithtlu.Vnlll ,r '""' '"^■'""' "^ <<''''-" li^ni J t'" ^'r^''''-- «'"'"1.1 ''t Vere.Mlrye to h^rst rstaMi.!. a nosf onM n • \''""'*'-"'^'''^ t" this ent-Moris, H. 1. V' J"'"' 40 f< -'' -'•''- to snrn.onnt t.:.!;; ; f ;^:::;;f;!" -^h .0 n.en a,!,, a n.is^ ^ ':;;m" ''• ''^ f"rtra,Ie. Anxious to connnenoo M ,r! '''''''''•"*• ^''« P'-^^ts of the ex,.l,S'. ^'"''^ 17.-JI, in pn.s..n(v of W ,1.. » m ' ''^ Veren.lrye, l.y „„ „,„,.,., """'^''"^ne r.uht to the ,.or.,,„» ,;,,., ^■w:!J^..^':x!Z^::t""-\ -' *'°""™'' '■-'■■•'. s; ...7 ■ "" 'f "■ "•>•■ kinuo.«),c,.. 1,0 «OTr,,l ,.■„,,, «■''"• «'"l «" 11,,. 2li,l, A,,,-,,,,, »ru, , " ' ' '' ""'^ " """ J ler Aoat, 1731, Lettre d« la Vorcadrye "•"*' '^^- ' iSiWWWwt !W«w"f,U "tars." These chimeras •It J'ninc.', i,lm.,.,i i,^, 1,^^ •til Anierica an exploring tfie Continent. ■" '•••''[''"'•ation, iui,! hy ''l>'clilii.ltheen|( likewi.se cro:,,sed ' '" other countries •"'"'ered the r.-ports ♦-' nver, M. do Jiea..- ^J'Ayuilar, or mim 30 rea.se.1 hy the char- L''i po.sition,s in the el' u Tlie.se lieginriings of his enterpri.se proved to .M. de la Verendr^'e how great tlie dangers and ex- pense entiiiled l>y such an exjdoration. lie had taken hut a few utep.s in the wilderness wiien he again OsTAmO Al'I'KSIUX. Sec. I. iiliieed himself, his nephew, and his two sons at ilie dispo.sal of the ministry for the i)uri)OH<.' of com- ' ''*" .11 /■ rfufh niencing the expeilition. On tlie 10th of Oetcjher, IT-'-'J, two years afti-r the departure of M. de la Ver- ,j-/./..r.i(i enilrye, tlie Clovernor and his administrator, Hoetpuirt, wrote to M. de .Maiircpas : " M. de la Jemeray.s> a iiepliew of M. de la Verendryo, informed us that if His Maji^sty would hear the expi-nse, it would lie French eas}- to succeed in discovering tlie Western Sea ; that at present they are at Lake Ouinipigon, but tliat l»"iiimeiita: they and tin ir companions were perf(c-tiy unable to uiulertake this enterprise, hiiving lost more than 4n,()nO livres, and the voi/dfieurs would not go further without being paid what was due them, nor 10 would tliose who had cipiipped tlie expedition advance any more goods to enable tliem to continue their journey. The outlay, monsi'igneur,' ad ' d they, " will not be great; the cost of the ciii/dijii for three years, taking into account wliat can be lUrnished from the king's .slores, would not, according to the calculations we made in presence of M. de la Jeinera\s, exceed .■?(),OO0' livres at the most. We iiave the honour to mention that by the agreement we cniniot oblige them to go beyond Lake Ouinipigon, wliicli we did not believe was at so great adi-tanco." A reply was received from the (Jourt thot it was Kxi.lnratioin not expedient for the King to un■ "■ ''- '■■ v „ " Although I cannot s,.oak at a„v length i„ this n,r , ' " "'"''"'"' "" *'"« -">•'• 40 wiiicn, on thtir way up the river il.,.,. i 1 1- i . ' "'•" <*""»ipi!,'on widni, Kv<. i ■f filled to milize tl.at as the ;;""" "'■ "'« eiUfrpri.se l.e Hf fiai.l " that the-so estab- "«^''' •'•'*• I>^''ia<| of oxph.ra- •t It was IjMt to puiNiic tho fresh accounts rfceived at 'w tiiat the ,..v,H.n.se which ■^"'•i<'uniiinini(i.,ii, whereof The (ipiiiioi, of Father •levionsly \,y the D„ke of ly ^^ea. W'o have seen that '•''• tSisju,l^r„„,„t in ti,e inalo t e discovery hiin- '' 't- < uj not heiieve ic "«es < s ,, man who in his ^g.'v, > ot.ntenance to tho •'•p'lS who had extended 'V '"WO regretted having Bi- would willingly have <|1 '.'-k. In fact tli..re is 20 I i"*>r a man's sails desert tilt! ritdit of reproaching '« (••onduiMMe.l their pro° '•y AF. du la Verendrvo L'l- the troul.le, thoii^lit ■cliants, the posts which 'ctiy. any kind of ami- rt'nce. as he would have '• supplies upon traders ■1 not forward all tha* •m 'ttt M. do la Verendryc •"•I'" fortunate when he y) pursued his project 'fclio great disc.ivereis 'Withstanding this and ivo indefatigaUy and 'vndsaeiih'ee, hecauso ^••■'•y of the territories ^'innipeg on tho east, ^q w occurrences which I K've, though hrietly 'f '-ior, estahlishod for ' 'liscoverers arrived '•'clal'luio.or Teka- '"• I^os liois, on one thin Hve leagu.'s of tli-y called Jlivii,ro me of tho minister ;.5q 17l>0. 17 the R> ,er of the Assiniboels, otherwise called tho River St. Charles, where Fort do la Roine, which was oktabio built on the 3rd October, 17.'J8, served as an advanced post; then the River St. Pierre, a branch of the '^'''J!!^"*- River of the A.ssiniboi'ls. This river, to which tlie Chri-stian name of M. de la Verendrye and M. de ^°- '• Beauharnois was given, was tho ccntie of tho establishments and the point of departure of tho expedi- '",Xrn, cend to the Mantannes, and in 1742 to the Upper Mi.ssouri; then re- Kn.nch ascend to the Yellowstone, and linally arrive, by this route, at tho Koeky Mountains, amongst tho tJens l'"«"'"""'» = des Serpents, whose countries formed the limit of their explorations towards tho south. Towards the north, ill 'Xjieilitions, whic'i precise dates I cannot yet determine, they crossed Lake 10 Dauphin and Swan Lak. , lalied Riviere des Riches, and ascended to the fork of tho Saskatchaouan which they named the I'oskoiac. In those countries tiiey established two forts— one on Lake Daujihin, and the other, which they called Fort Bouibon, on tho Riviere des Riches. In considering this simple narrative of their doings, and viewing the length of time wliieh miirkcd Explonitinni ,, ,. .11 ii( the ViTfn each advance, .--liow mg ,m) eleni ly the efforts the cxiilorers had to make — when the miseries they endured ilrvi-H, 17'.'«- 111 I'll 1 Tf.n and tiie dangers which they ran, and in wdiich some (,f them perished, are taken into account ; and finally, when the results of their enterprise are compared with the means they had at their command — the accusations that were made against them would really astound us were we not accustomed to tho criminal follies of envy. But to whom ilid envy ever allow cither honours or profit with impunity ! In the laborious cHbrts of tho Varennes of Verendrye to extend the dominion and commerce of [20 American France to the Grand Ocean, the h(jnour of the di.scovery of the most westerly regions belongs chiefly to M. de la Veiendrye'.s son.'-;. He himself had taken a most ditiicult task, and one that suited his age best, — that of directing the enterjirise, of superintending the trade, of creating and maintaining friendly relations with tho Indians, of stimulating the zeal of the ever tardy oipiippers, of having roads opened, and of sustaining tho establishments which he had ordered to be commenced. He was always ready to help in person when occasion required, and the distances which ho travelled on foot, in fright- ful weather and through wild countries, in the midst of privations, would terrify the imagination of a Euro]iean. It was with truth his scms could say, " He marched, and made us march in such a way that we .should have reached our goal, wherever it might be found, had he been better aided."* But his sons and his nephew niost frequently went in advance to reconnoitre the route ; and their journeys, always ;iQ full of danger and among tribes constantly at war, sometinies extended over whole years. One of these journeys cost one of the sons his life; for tho Sioux, the enemies of our allies, the Ohristineaux, ma-ssacred him with his whole party of twenty-one men, in June, 1730, on an island of the Lake of the Woods. Amongst the slain was Fath 'r^'"^""^'"--'' *'-•'"-•• *''a.k thought with the chevalier, J.is brother, reached tock, ''T ' "" '""' "" '^^ *'" ^' '"^ ^'--'''T^. Apni. 1742. to the 2n,i July i„ thefo 1 ,,'; y Srtir '^tr'",""^ '"' '"^'^' '''''' '"'^ ''''^' whence they had started. ^ ^ ' ^ '"-'' ^'""^ ''"'>' ^'^^ returned to Fort St. Charles. action :?'ln^r ;:::r p;:;:^:j't:::j :^;f -■- ^ ^^« -ain ..ou. a. the coura^eo. '" %o«^n::'^:;;iZ:::^::^2^^^^ Mountain, after havin,n,et on the way the vil- ".en). So.ne of these nau.o.; wLh a"' nd n'thf ^^"^''^"f f-''^'^ -^ ^'^*'' ^.n. do I'Arc (Bow- arrived at tho Rocky Mountain.s bv ZvZtZ^ olT " ^''T^ '''"' ""^ *° -^"''P"- ^'-^ ^'-X ro.e before their eyes, and on the i2th of lelatr no.S t "' f f^""'^' '''••^' '''^^■^" '--^'- Verendrye, who must have left his brothc. at Zl 1 ^ ""^"^'"^ ^''''"' ^"^ "'« Chevalier do la 20 appointed at always being led to the Souti/ v t 1 l^f "'''. ^'"''."f '° ^"'""^ ''>«'"• ^o was dis- «- ; he feared that by the route which ho had Lbwe M " T " ^"^ "-'^"^ '' ^^^'^"''"'^^ ''"» '<> ^he ever, he wished to con.en.plate it fro„ to " j^ o t ! " "T ""'^r?"' " "" '^'""^>^ known-how- obstacles that opposed his design, and whi t ,1 ' . 71 T^ ^'"'^^'^^'^'-^y' ^^^i^- the natural w nch ho could ..t,ll less have hli any idea So arhl ! u ^ TT': " '''''^'^"'^^ "'''^^"'>' "--- ^^ who. followed by other tribes, nundiing 2.(.00 wa'ri rt" . X '' '' ''" ^'""^ ^''"'^' "'' ^''^ «— • ihes. was nmrching against the Gens Ties SerpentsT^;^ !^-, T''?'."' '^'""'^•""Pa'"'^^' ^y ^'eir fan.- nnt.on was tho terror of its nei-d.bors The Rnu, ^^""''^^"M mhab.tmg these mountains. This earned destruction every where.^stlchl alii 111%^" , "' ?"'f "'" "''° "^''^ ""^ ''-'• '^^ ^^ had nation of Les (A-ns des Chevaux he foun ^ " ' ^.t ^^f "". f T'*"""' '''''^" '"" ^-'-l "'« ^^ en .rely destroyed by the Gens des Serpel ^ ^l 1 '^";' /-f^'-'. ^heir villages having been vdiages and killed all tho old n.en. and n.de slave oi the w " '^"^"/'r' ?"''"'^'''''^' '''"'^' -^-t-n coast .n exchange for horses and other n.erchandisc' '""' '''''^'■''""' ^'''"'" ^''^^ ■""'J ^'" the The march of tho Bowmen aLraiiwf .1, .. «.ese countries a. ..y a comn.oncSh ^t't ::2r7'r' "^ ""f '>' '^ •''^^"•" ^^ ^'^ -'^'^-0 of "Kes a« with civilized people, it is unwise lor brtve men ^! 1 1 "". ""' "''^'"''""' ^''"^ ^'^'» «'^v. notlwng but nun.bers to reconuuend the.n When H '^'"'' "''"" ^he support of those who have were warne.l by their scouts that the enen.v ha. .. ' ^;'"',""'V"'"« '•'^ ^"e P>i»cipal village they news, instead of r.Joieing, created ^i^Z^al^J:ZT^.I'''' t"''""'"^ ''''''' '''^^'^'^- '^^^^ d.scovere,! then, and woul.l profit by their a Z f T' ^"^'^ ^'^'''^ ^'"^^ ^'"^^ «»«>"y ^"'1 40 ...ight reach them before they did. 'H^^^l^T^X " *^"""' "'"" ^''^'^ «-" villages and manner ami bravery, on.leavoured to ,lissua mountains. This lot four it. It had hen he reached the 30 llages having been • ruined seventeen a they .sold on tho for the welfare of Jn, that with sav- )f those who have ifipal village they ir •'aj,'gage. This uit the enemy had 40 own villages, and tellect, nobility of einy, but in vain, th them, without centuries l>efore. part to penetrate t o.Kpedition sent if* iff. • tNTABIO ArPKSIMX. .S.^.. I. II ml nrlltt- French I )oc'uinunU : I'Apli'ratlimii iif t\\v VcrnJ ilry.<«, 17'.«- 17.y). 10 That was the chief result of their jourmy. Hut th.ru was nnother, which, although only socond- ary, nmst not be overlooked On the return the Chevnliur and his brother w.ro carelwl to takr posses- sion of the countries of the Upper Missouri, where they arrived on the lOth Mar.h, 1743, amongst tho Oensde la Petite tV-rise, u nation eneauiped on the banks of tlie river. They interred to tliis ind on an eminence near their fort, a leaden plate in.scribe.l with the arms of tho king, and as a memorial of their journey they erected j.vramids of stones in hoimur of tlio Manpiis d..- li.-auliarnois. So that if "'— the object of the enterjirise lia.l been postpimud in one sen.se, it had in this particular Ibo etfcet of e.s- tablLshing tho rights of France on the borders of this gr.-at river, which, according to c. itaiu g.-o- graphers, may be regarded as a principal brandi of the Mis.sissippi. This opinion admiUed, tho name of 10 Beaidiarnoi.s, already connected with tlu' di.scovery of its mouth, becomes doubly associated with the di-scovery of both extremities of this American Nile. Even if these expeditions, in some measure, justified tho thought which made Nicholas do la Salle and Hubert, C'ommi.ssioners of Louisiana, as well as BoIh- and Father Charlevoix, request that the Mi.s.souri should be ascended in order to reach the ocean, still this success was not sulllcient for M. de la Verondryo. nor did it satisfy the Chevalier or his brother, since by this route they feared to meet tho establishments of tho Spaniards, and besides they had not solved tho problem of the Western Sea one of the principal objects of the enterprise. Con.seipiently they determined to pioceed i)y the north where, Hve years later, they discovered the Saskatchaouan. That this discovery was not inade .aiiier and the explorers had not advanced further, was not their fault but that of others. 20 11. de la Verondryo was preparing to send his sons back to tho north, when the conduct of the Ministry, who refused him every preferment, di.sgu,st»"d him. He considered that they treate.l him with systematic injustice. However, the Ministry were not as guilty as they schemed to M. de la Veivndryo. They were excited against him by fal.se accounts and by envious imputations. " When the discoverers outdid themselves in their fatigues and expenditures, their expeditions were represented as chiefly directed to the di.scovery of tho beaver, their large oxpen.liture as dissipation, and their statements as falsehoods." The Ministry might, without meaning any harm, accase of mismanagement and negli- genco tho men who were more occupied with work and travel than with the puffing of themselvosl)y means of memoirs.* On tlie 22nd April, 1737, apropos of the mas.sacre of M. do la Verondrye's son, M. de .Ma.irepas 30 wrote to the Marquis do Boauharnois, who ha.l defended tho explorer against these accusations.f " All that has come to my ears concerning this accident confirms me in tho suspicion I always had, and which I have not even dlsgui.sed from you, that tho k-aver trade 1,., i , n the part of M de la Vereudrye, a larger share than anything else in tho ontcrfjri.se of the discovt , y ')< the Western Sea." The Minister, judging at a distance, and upon tlie reports of men who.so interest it was to disparage, could doubtlessly bo pardoned for misjudging; but for tho explorer the result was tho .same, an.l this di.l not render the blow any the le.ss painful. Ho was tho oldest of tho lieutenants in Canada, and be seemed to the (iov- ernor "tho most worthy of the King's favours." His rare patience as a leader of men failed him when it came to a rivalry about ranks and titles. Besides, if tho patience of a man who has oidy to think of him.self can be unlimited, that of a father succumbs in the presence of the sufferings of his children. 40 Probably, le.ss wearied of sacrificing himself than of compromising the well-being, the advancement, and even the lives of his wms in an enterprise which had already deprived him of one of them; tired of seeing himself and them forgotten, not in the di.spen.saticm of favours, but in an eipiitable ilivision of rewards due to tho oldest and most meritorious Hcr,':v,:t ; alKJve all, being pressed by want and sick- ness as well as by his creditors, he finally resolved to smisiy ihe enviou.s. So, in 174;{, he returned to QuetMJC to .show what advantages he had personally gained in his many years of trials. " If," wrote be,; " 4(1,0(10 livres of debt that I have over my head are an advantage, I can compliment myself on fin'niin'ntii III. ":nr ::S::e ;;;:i^!^:? r ;;-:--■■?'"- '-^- !;~':^^^^^^^^^^ ^ , . twelve ,..:.. .spent h/rinrat , ^^ ^rX":;;^:,^^"^ ^- ^''^ %n':.r„. ron.ain U. hi.n aft.r he h.s paid the \lZ mt te d ' "," T'y''''' "--' -'-•»' - '^" that can d^.«. .7;«. sei^o...,.,.. the sf,u.. i„ which he ha ef a tl \ 1 "! "^ """' •-'»^»-'l- i-^'>- And Hnallv, M..n- ^'^- Mi„i.stry c..„,d .. overcou. t ^^ i ^r ~ ? "'^ '"1" -':^''Jf "^ ^ '- '-->'." iiui as the ru.nour« pn.pagated Uy the e,.vio„s-'a, • ^'"''^•^^ ■'«-"'—, -» order to get rid of the evil by thi.s o.lieer, who J^s generally lo. 1 ed .„,n„ ^ t '""■'"" ""' '''«'^"^ """.V. The linledone ae,,.ai,ued with the ( ^pper (^^ ,i^ 1 ^ a,;: IZ " T n "^"^' "'■•^"^^""""' '" '""^ •-•<^''"^ -"• Htand that, considering he eonditi 1; do kV Tn ''",'" ""'^'^'"^ ".hahitants of the eolony „„d...- 20 and n.t no one could do better elt weultr M ,"",?"• '"^^ '"'' ■'''"^'"'"' ^""^^ -'"^^' >*lnci. ;, stiHcd hin. in hi.s first eh .ice a.m", fix^d LTp 'b i^^aubarno,.. «atiMied with thi.s trial M ..0 ^,aurepas that this otHee, h Ct: Le' d niu L'''^^^ '7'^'^'' T' """ '""''' ^'f the di.seoverie,s,and had sacrificed to therall i?" ^7 , !' '"^'' ^"^•'"' '"'"-'f <'>.tirely „p t.. wi.h n.uch trouhlo and at ..ea Hsks a.dhat in llvT "'"'7 '"'^'■^ -^''»'>i^''-' by hislare gentle -haracter, ,y which he had oUrill'^;'^ '^ ^r^ulfw^'r" ^^'"t"^ "^ " '" ^'" found it necessary to exercise M ' ' «*ve «'bi-hhehadsutiiei..ntly\„erited.since 70- 1 1^ "«"';"■'""" "^ ""' *'™" "'" ^^ '-'«. -ked hin. to n.ake f.vsh efibrts fV. tt ^ill'^^T''' "'. "''''•''"''-*• **"'• - "'" -n.e time ti >; As much as this v\,u w nce,l„l to ,l„,.„l.t„ 11,0 i-ono,,,,,, l,o,rt, of tl,c o flio.r .„. L„, ' ...o„„ui„,, „f .,,„ ,„t,„ a„,, „, u,o p™w^ ;:r h. . , : "oo? '^,::^ t;""-'i ""■ ; ■';'■" "-^ •" '"- 10% ,n„,,„w„,. .„,, ti. , ,he/k„e. „, a ,,„at i„ko 1 .1.,; »,:„:;;';,:''::, "•; " "" ~ "'^ *> .•ould not he drunk.; Insj.irited l.v the acts of thn Ml,.; ♦ . . """' '*''"■''' ""tt'i's M. de la Verend.ye. wl J .... uI^:Z::lt, ^t^'^. T. " ^'^ '""''-'f "^ i-^-. . age, to leave Mon: .al in ,no month of May Tot) Tt ' H *""' P'""^' r''""'^'''' ""twithstan.ling his "PIKT countries. that he n.ight reach Fort nourbon i. he f "1 l"" '" "r'^'"""" ^^■""'''' '"^ «!'«» '» the with hi. sonshe was to navU for the l^t Z I^J^^P^Z t/""";' '^^^'■? ""-■ ^^'-^ a convenietU fort. In the following .spring he ^vas t!, sePl to „ J • '".■ '"^'"''^•■i ^' eonstruet near which the lake io cue.stion w's ' 'j i hZi ' 1"^ "l 7 '*"""'" "*■ '^' "'«""^''"'« - iiiitnu, Haul ..•, to he aH,|iii,rent as Dosaihl.. i.. *Lettro .1>, Mar,,,.., de Bea-lmmoi.. m.. b«. 4. " ^ ' tl.ottro cii^ .M. du B.>auharii..ii, 15 Octol.i, 746* :23 O, t..bn., 1747. I^tlro du M. de la Uai,s...niaJ,re. itcttro de M. do m Joncjuiere, iajnd Soptombre, 1749. V ' ft"'l tho jrr,o.l of the '111. (Jiou^rlit rlu;ni.si-lv Ion- nmichfs and of tht; folony iindtT- 20 I'taini'd j^rriil results, i^lied witli this trial J onco more a>siuedf iinsi'lf entirely up to tal.lislifd by lii.s earo experience a li rni yet uscendancy which I o i rank of Lieutenani- H successor, took tho greater fatigues and 30 I ruinof C.Mvalier de *< f I'hey •; gave < 'ross of Si. (.ouis, 'lie same time t >v •^s this even w ; iM discoveries in the ' <'liristinaux of the ■d from the savajres re there were very 49 tains, wli ,.■ waters ■ndered him justice, lotwithstandin;,' his >uld lie open in the J)tivinl.cr. whenco tended to construct of the niountains ^'J^t aa possible, in w SI order to winter nt Fort Houilwn at tho base of the River aux Riches, which in tlio last of all the forts f '^"/V""' liavf exliililished, liiinj,' too happy, if at the end of all the troubli's, fatii^'in's ami risks I have undi'i^'onr ■ in this lont: discm rry, ] can succeed in proving inv own and my ehililren's disintcre^ti-dness, and our ' ''' " great zeal for tlu 'V of tho king and the welfare of the colony," llo wrote tlienii word* to (,}ueliei- on ,xi,i„mti'>nt tin I7ili Si'pteni' 1741); but in making this |)i'miise, he eoutiteil without that host wlio-i' name is '„„'„,, Death, and vvlu» i.- ver faithful toman. ( >n the titli of tie following l>eei-mber he died, taking with j.^^^j^^ liim, HO to say, the success of the enteipri.se. M. de la IJalissoimiere had Just left l.'anada, to give place I'mu iit»: to M.de la .fonijuien' ; ami the coviuptions which were to contribute to the losiof \\w colony l'\ France, commenced in the painful developments which l.d to the condemnation of the lntenii(i yield to their all-powerlul rivals, who were more greedy of proht tliun of tie- tionour imposed upon tlieiu ,|,.v,.,_ i;^^. by their liigh rank. M. Itigot never had money enough to wa.ste, nor M de la JoiKpiiire to save, ' • Neither of tlu'iii leco^'uized any principle of right, imt entirely foigot tlit^ir duty. 20 Having in view the two extreme points traversed, or intemled to lie travei-sed by the Veremlrycs, they tliought to liiid the Western Sea by the Mississippi and Saskatebouan. Father Co(|Uait, a com- panion of M. de la Verendrye, hail about this time come t 1 tin- conclusion that it would be neie.ssary in Older to reaeb this .sea to si'i.'k the snurces of the .Missouri and to cross the Rocky .Nbnintaiic, if it vrero found imi dile to penetrate tho defiles with their canoes, and so reach the great salt water lake. He wrote that his idea had been rejected, because here, added he,* " diseoveries are wanted that cost no money except the returns from the beaver, and 1 have been told that any project proposed to the Court, if it leijuiroii funds for its execution, would not bo listened to." H iwever, his proposition was remem- bered, and these projects, born of tlie di.scov.ries of the Chevalier de la Verendry", were united to those that he and his companions bad intended to carry out by the Saskati ' uiian. Tiie enterprise thus con- 30 ceivcd wa« confided to two olticers: M. Lamaigue de Marin was directed to the Upper Mi.ssi.ssippi and the Mi.ssouri, whilst the north was the destination of Jaeipies Lej,'ardeur do Saint Pierie. These two ollicers, whose intrepiility was beyond iiui'stion,ilo not .seem tome, if I am to believe certain indications, to have been equally commendable in character. At all events, on this occasion they considered their desire for advanceii ■ nt and gain more than the feelings of delicaey which should have obliged them to have been careful of the inteiests and honour of M. ile la Verendrye. An cnterpri.sc conceived and conducted by covetous men is at all events generally advantageous to tho.se interested ; and si it proved here. If it was saii without reason cimcerning M.de la Verendrye, that the bunting of the beaver delayed the di.scovery, it could be said with truth in this ca.se. Tho colonv .seemed to gain no advantage from this expedition, exce|iting the establishing of a fort near 40 tho Itocky .Mountains by a iletacliment of men, who, in accordance with the plans of tho Chevalier de la Verendrye, followed the Saskatchouan.f -^lill the otKeers them.selves who commanded the estab- lishmeiit of this | t, were .,, 'y he had supplanted them, have felt the inju.stice of his conduct towards them. He tnuersed a road which had already been opened by them, yet he owned that at each step there was risk if losing not only provisi.ns and efl'ects, but even life itself. He realized tho covetousness of ti e populations tluough which i. had to pass, although he attributed it to the lenity which he pretended had been shown tluiu. *' No natter w' it presents are made them •Uttre du P6ro C.Mju»rt, 1760. fM^muire ou Jmirnutl i.iir), soinmaire du voyaf!(< de Jaci|ueR lo Qord -ur do Sain verte lU' mcr de I'Ouuit. charK^ do la d^cou- OUTAIIIO Arl'KNiiix. Vrrih-h ami ftUr- mtiUi. Fr«nch l><>auliu>iilii : '22 ExpliirstionK of tliH Vt'ct-n dryri, 17;f«. .«i. .„„„. ,,„„i,.„, ,.ki„„,, .i,,', ,:,;«" "''""""J ^ 'I-'- -i...- .hni „„.,• ,^:! of til., two l.mti.ers on this subiect '• At ,, " •^- ^"t'"n»cari ho m„ro paH.utic than tl.., <.....„ i . b.u,g ,„„„ p„i„„„„e „„,, ,,„„„'„; X » u , ,; ,'.'7'" r "r" ■"" " p'""'" -' ' ■' I -S of us. He wa. so r..luced as to sj.eak thus of death ^ ^ " ^ '"""' "* ""^ ''"■ '"««' ".'fortnnato ^o^ a much lesser cause, in 180') 7 ..wi- u t Lett, .u Mi„..t., 30th Septel^Sa ' "^"""^^*" ''""''• M. y which the' • liu work of the Hrst "'iii^' that they Win. i>»r, whiih w(w 8„20 could they J,„j,,! for ''• The sic foH iiuii timn tho complaint)* ■" tf'cy all intended il'lisiiintf tho Posts ' they Imd conio to une. and even sold >^- After all these aJ Nown the seeds iven away without 30 * ftten l,y Htran^fers > of the Chevalier > niined/'said ha |«>.V ruin is aceuni- <"■ patrimony. I y other brother is y I'lother.s and I ' most unfortunate said the American 40 ^'lendrye, awaited 10 hands of God occasioned to us tunity of ending uiblo to discover ' Chevalier alone 1'pml.er, 17fil, by as an image of in exile sought «. 10 28 to esci»pe tho yoke of the ntranger. envied them their destiny. The ( 'hevalier no. ,led no longer toenvy his brother who W(»s killed by the Sioux, and in dving.lu euuid sa.v.as Cttm.M i.s diil ut the Mgi.t of tliu inisforlunes of his country, " I die, but I >< .nm received a memento. Doubtless when it obtains a U'tter knowledge of their enterpri. r ivi efforts, they will obtuiti a fame luoporti.xuite to their liilx.urs and their saenllces, and to tho a 20 OFFICIAL STATEMENT OF OCCHURENCES IN CANADA. 1746-1748. ■ ■»• Extract fuom an Ahsthac t, kc, or OcruRRENcrs in the Colony, and of thk variou.s Intelli- GENf'K KECKIVEl) SINCE THE DeI'AUTUUE OF THE ShU'S IN NOVEMBER, 174G.* August 13, 1747. Caj-tain de Noyello and Sieur de la Verondrye arrive from Michilimakinae, and Occurrpnc.in deliver to tho (Jeneral a letter dated at that post, on the 2;lnl July, and ad.lressed to him bv Sieur de Ir^s'""'' Noyelle. junr., commanding, in the absence of M. do La (.'orne, senior, and by other oHicers, wiio arrived from other upper posts, and happeneil to be then at Michilimakinae. Tho (Jeneral is informed by this letter of the confusion that prevails among all the nations of that post and neighbourhood. Outaoiniis, Sauteiir.s, and Mississagues. The Outaouas of Saguinam l.ivo killed three Frenchmen who were coming from Detroit to Michilimackinac. ;jO Two French amoes which haet.oit. t,. «"•'""• M- .".y. that ,1.0 In... s M..rVJ ..''';. 'r!^ •^?:'•''!■''''''^•'^•'^^ ^ ..r,rf..r,„„.„. „,„| ,1„. .Mi,ssi,„„.,V tl.u. .1. . I. ' 11 .. ' ' '""'' *" C<""'>IU..icato ill 1^ »w,. <)...uu..,ie ..f j,.,...,.t is ii. tiu. ,.i..t,. ti i.r' . / •"' .;' ""■ """•'■ •'''''" "'" ^'- «•■"; tiuu ti: '" '"^^ ;;'-;..• "r.p.i i..v,.|.; t..a,l,,enu;;;;j;:. '^^ t^^ Mi an.| M..l...n.n.kn.,u- w..„|.|I.av.a«k.Mi,,Hitu.ai,ist„,^^C^^^^ '^tru.k ; that tl.o („.t„...iac of -;< a, M..n„...al, ,..,.,1 that .1h,v .nnl\ y., ...Lihly . , !' V ?" ^""' "';' '""""" ■•'■ ^'"-' ^•i""^- wl-id. "" I"'""' "• K .tin^, aiM t., k..o,.ltriet wiUcl. "^ ""■' ''"•^^' "'"' "'"^ '^ --" -^'" t.. allow OlV^lr^•nr.« ill \l .1,. V .. ii ■ ... .1..- ..i.i.,.,.i,.„. ,„■ „„. ,,„„,.,„ „. .,„j'L" :::;,, :r • "" " *•"•' ' " '"■ - "'■'"■■• "f . "■ ....», ..,l,,.,„„l „„.„.,„■..,, ..ill„.r l„ „..to„. „„",', 'ii',, " "" .■"..|«-n,.i„„ i„ l|„. „,|„|„i„„ ...«,». ™„,„ »,,„. „„ „„ .j^. *; *:;;:\;- ™;;;;-;». .»":.....o.».. ^cws from Miohilimakinac. i..e„ ;2u!d-;:!'„.i j t;;:zL;' 'z::!z, ;;"f """'rr- ''••"^'^'"^"^ •'- «^ ''-•«• -'•» '-• •■aptaii. ,1.. Vorclior... apHnte.l co. ii.l ,a ^ r^ 7 ;:7'""' "'r''' "'^'"'"^ '"'>' ' '■'""^^ - •*'• ''ays. W..I. l.i,s t,a.;.,s f..,.,n ,M..„„.,,,, ,„,, tak..Mts.rpalf:' ' '"'"';'';' ."^ ^" ''•'"-" '^ MiclnliniakiiL wlu.„ W arrival, all ,..„.t... heir win^ lit, r:;;^.;::r'^ ^". ^'^'^ ^" ''"' ''"'--. who wen-. AugUHt. have bo..n ha.lly execut...| ; that 'twas tl..'„ 'V ' ^'" ^'"'•^""'''J'". '" "- ""...tl. ..( 7t'u.,i..i,,at..suc..ss..u......,..ti.a„ ^ ^X^:^:'7r' '''r^] ''''''''' '""^^ ^'"'^ '"• •'-« "■•xt s,,.i„, Un- .Mi.-hili,„aki,.a.. an.i other ,.-.* J h. Iv ', 7 "'" '"""^"^ "' '""'• •^'-'^'•-! the iialioas of that eountrv will Uku >.. Vm.i 1. 1 , ? '.!:"'""' "' "^ ''"' ''«"ti"''-"ts in which U.ke cH-ci^sion iu ,„,.ort tlu-u, to us! "' "^ '"' "'"'" '""^'•^ '•"'^''"' ^''-'- '"tc-utiuns. h- will (K.Xtiact of a I<«ftttr from M l(..r«l.^« r< Siour tie U Vorendryo .. r !.;={ <',.|.^ Vui. X. j.p. 137, 164, iOV. ■"" — inforcciiii'iit will Moinewlmt •iiun. All ()iiUi.ii;i I;i,liiin, 11 secret t^tlu- ('(unmiui.liuit '••'1110 to iin uiirlcisUii.lih^r i. St. Pierre, who ha.l my airi.icnt, in 4.") .lays, main at Micliiliniakinac III hi.s r,.i/,i;j,nrs. \\,,\,. tho Indians, who werr, token of re|.,.|it„iice f.,r nist in their rvil di.s|„,. ;!(, ■"•Iiyc, ill th,. month ol ■ "III ions; that he do,H live for tli.j sii|iji,irt of Jcted. were the trid.iN >*' intentions; and thin iiioes t.o have Montivft! Httiitiiiients in which eir inU'Ution.s, h.. will l-achinc, Trader at tbe ^„ <-hrii(inatixnn.l other II in with a parlv of 25 Mohawks and Dutclimen, who were cominj,' to Sara^tiia, on a scoutiny party. Me i.roiiyht iwo Mohawk scalps, amontj which is that of the principal chief of that nation; one of "a Dutchman; and a l>ul.-h prisoner, who reports nothing,' of interest— only i^aya that tliere is considernl.lc talk about peacr. This llrst blow on the Mohawks will not fail to frij,'liteii then. < 'onvoy to Michiliniakinne. Jiine20.— Count lie la (]a!issiini()e orders the dispatch from Montreal of the convoy for Michili- niakinac, under the command of Lieutenant etiiiy us, as the lliin.ns Iium .l.uie. 'I'h.. (leiieral l.'aves this orticer at liberty to determine, aecinling t.) ciicumsianceH, the carrying into execution the diirerent lic.-nses grant. •.! f.u- the northern postal, ami observes to him, ni'V.rthe|.-li might irretrievably monopoli.se the entire of that trad.- which they now wharc with sullicient advanta.'e. Demands some Taiiis, in or.l.T t" iicl.Miuiifv the Indians uh.i hav.i suncndere.l s.im.> Knglish piisoners. Knsigns liaromlc and Chevalier de La Vereiidrye lia\.' also taken iheir .lepartiire; the first f.,r f'oint ('hagouaniigon, and ths second for the West Sea. (tSTAHI.) .\I'I'KNI>IJ. .S.V. I. Frtufh i.ri>liinitiiiiii itm{ mttlf- mtiilt, l''r.-lirli liiK'iinivntH : I )rt iifTi-nr«-M it. till (•..l.iiiy, 1717 S. COLONEL DK BOlKJAIN VILLK (tN THK FHKNCII I'OSTS (»K CAN.ADA •I7:.7 • (•■V |Mirti»ii eiily of Ihii iirticle HppearH in llic .l,,|iil .V|i|.eiiilix | Dktuoit.— Detroit is an important p.ist; it is the inlnimt of tho s.nitli.rii f.irts, whi. h eommuni- ca*... with the Illinoi.s. Tho lands there are fertile an.l of ei^y .ultivati.m ; t)..' skv b.aiiiifiil and .serene; tho clinmto nuignili.-ent. There is almost no winter ; very little sii.iw ; animals wint.i in the 1^" li.'lds, where they lin-l tli.-ir feed; there are alrea.ly two hundi.'.l habilati.uis, ..i about that nuiuber. full of foo.l an.l cattle, ami which furnish supplies for the iliU'.rent po.ts of the iip|..r (..untii. s. This fort is situate.l on th.' shore .>f the river wlii.li s.parat.s Liik.' Kii.- IV.mi l.ak.' IIiikui. Tin post of Detroit, <'»i^v/xV of the Houtheiii posts, i^ a larg.' t..w n, sitmiti-.l |.en^e,n |„ik. Kii, ,in,i Lak.' Saint Claire. Krom the entrance of Lake Krie t.> D.troit, there is a .listan.'e of >i.\ I. aKUes ; from Detroit to Lake Saint Clair., two leagues ; fr.n.i the oiiil.t ..f this lake, which . \tends ^.v, ti leagin-. to Lake Huron, tliere is a ilistance .if eleven leagues, Th.. site of th.' post i, a v. ry biautifnl .uie, the I'limato is plea.sant, the atmosphere v.'iy healthy, th.. soil .■x...llent and L.'iu.d fi.r any prodm'ions. the game is abun.lant On the north th.i.. an- thive leagii.s of lan.l, inhabit. .| by Fivieh- men. and on tho south two leimucs an.l a half This jawt has a comniandant, a iiiHJor, .te. ; f4«) the garrison ...mpiiscs mi.n belonging to tlie ...mpanies .h.tacli.-.| from the ninrin... This p..st i.s w.uked by moans of licen.'ies (.om/f/*), wii.>,se price is goiierally live liumli.d liams, pny.ibl.. in lash, and wli.ise numl«r w not detormine.l. Ml('nil.l.iMAKl.SA<'. Michilliniakina.. is .listnnt from Montreal, travelling by th.. (n-ilii. I7.'i7 M»im.ir ..II tile hnuo ..f N«w fr»iicc >t Ihe timo ..f tho 8«vi.n YuaiV w»r (1757). bm... Ai,t,,>i.,. ,|„ |!.,.i..»ii,vil|,. author of tlii« Moni.iir .in t'nnn.ln, »in ..ne ef tin. m.utt diMiii^iiUhi..! Knm.li ..flii-ii-* in ih.. mir wlmli rtKiilicl m' llu- c..ii.|ii.'iit ..f Cui.a.lu. Ili» ■' ,M..|iii.ir wiii Hiiliiiiilliil i<. (iiiuml .Mniii.'iilm ni llie tiiii. il w.ii. wiili.n ;,ii,| (|,.,| nllifcr tentilii'.l I" llli" iiirri'<:llU'»H ..f tin. iiifuriiwui.iii it I'.iiilaiiii.il. M ilu |t,,i|,>u!i,> iM.j Mtia!!!!-;!. ..:■• his :•;■! K lii;4ti rniilk 111 ilir imvy III whiili In li.'i-niiu' \ iii'.A.liiiirul. Tlie Freiicli In/ililu" fk., ;«..' I'lmr .Mmi/17, I'lirin, 1807 |i. 41, i.riK' ti..l l» xiM'h 111 A>/i./i, Ki=, w M, 16 111 Vfnch "'^"' '^''<' voyftL'tMirs (!vo 1 i \r Hio fJovoinnr.rj i .' "'^ '"i"nie mnili, French DuciioienU : »»<•«'.. ''"'"li-w Imndlos (-»„<„,/ A r .• " '^"'' ^'"-' po""- fuii.ilios r.. . i- .■"'"' ^'"M"-«'coe.l9 Col. Do nou- '.""• hundred iL f^ •,,..:.,:..'''"! ^:'' ''"'' ^•"- thut are do,,,' Z„, 1 „"L '""' "^ '"•'^'- '"-i-1 fnmc« annuallv. ' ""L '-"-"'-t i-ts ^„.„..,, ,,, ^^ ..n ^.7;:°"/"" T"'" '^-^'"K con. '"■"». -I c.„„t,„a, .v„„t,.„,. i„,,.,„„„^ ..,;:';;!!;,:;:,':, ;::: Illinois Post Tl Mi8Hi.^sinni. TI.ero a, of TT^^ 'nhrpoxf of tl.o post of Illinois is Fo.f P. . ■ foKT OF La PijKsyu' Ihik — r V con.nmndant. who rocoivc,« I' ! . '^' ''''"' '' "''''''' of '"alf a Io/Tm... 'n ' """'"'"■" "'' ; "^ **•.- "f ti'" upi>e» Countries. 20 ! :| ^ « J>;>t.oit. Tlmpostissitunte r-Ut.nt.ml .vci-ives ;,'..i.,.,ally <-• '"'"li/-, a,..| tl,., ,,rocee.la ''"""•>• times, .ix or seven '•• - . Micliiliiiiac'kiiuic i.s Mot. fluM-i^^l.tsI,,.!-,. oftl.o '"■* '•'' '■'"•"""I to the c..n». ^/'^'•'Oi«Mm. Ho has the to the rn.iians; the fnr.nor jq ■ -• ''" rec-ives no ^'ratuity '"'"•Ire.l l.nn.lles of f.n-s. i»t'.l on the right shoro of '"t ••^ on the «an.e footing 'ifconnt twelve hun.ired t. i'lodiieo jrenorally f,om ''•l-^^ans, wJ.-ch sends there t-S who laljour and reap 20 'aihe.,, situated npon the ''^'•1. "s is also the com- i»'Oo[Cahoki«s] itions are now conii.rised •"^" price is six Innulred •"■ ^^■''••'•<' '-esides a roni- 'forins. Seven hundred ,'oof (he l\ans,t!re an' at the p„st a to sixty men. Thw '»r'"t(»nt as a neees- *0 I'lnre f„rt I,„ilt with h it l»e«r8 th(. name. Older to I,., proleeted iM lieouf and Ohio. '' the hoa«l of Uke tli e upjicr countries. 27 The foil being most fertile, the climate mild, and game and fish abundant, we should attempt to estab- Oirr*Bio lish there a town, or at least a village. ... The King controls the fur trade of this post, and — consiiiueiitly pays the salaries of the eoinmandant and other employes, but the trade is badly managed. ' • The post prctliices generally yt-r unnam from two hundred and fifty to three hundred bumlles of furs, txpionuioni TouoNTO.— Situated to the north of Lake Ontario, oj.posite Niagara, has lieen established iu order mtnu. to prevent the northern Indians froi" going to trade at C'houegvien. Choueguen existing no more, Ynmh this post becomes useless. The King controls its trade. It produces about one hundred and fifty ** b\iii(iles of furs. Fkontknac. — Frontenac, or Kafarakoui, a fort in bat,' annum. RiVKU St, JosKi'ii.— The fort of Kiver St. Jo.seph (Monsieur le Verrier) is situated on the right of the river of that name, at a distance of twenty leagiu-s fron> the place of its disohj.rge into Ijake Michigan. This post is on the same footing with that at lia Baye ; the commandant is its farmer in whole or in part, according to the pleasure of the Oovenior-Ueneral ; all the expenses rest upon him ; he receives a gratuity of two thou.sand franas It can produce four hundred bundles of fun. 30 Post ok tiik Westeun Sea (i,\ Meu uk i.'Oueht).— The post of the Western Sea is the most advanciMl towards the north; it is situated omidst many Indian tribes, with whom wo trade, and who have intercourse also with the Eu;.;lisli, towards Hudson's Bay. We have there seven forts built of stockades, Iru.steil, generally, to the care of one or two officers, .seven or eight soldiers, und eighty I'nfiwjfA ('inut(iifi\8. We can push further the di.icoveries we have made in that country, and communi- cate even with California. The post of ill Mi'i- d' OuM incbnles the forts St. Pieuue, St. Chaui.f.s, BoimnojJ, DE i.A Rhine, Daii'III.s', Po.skoia, [and] i>Ks PuAluiES, nil of which are built with palisades that lan give protection onlv against the Indians. Fort St Pierre is situates]. to the north-west of Lake Superior. Fort St. ('harles is situated sixty leagues from Fort St. Pierre, on a penin.iula that goes tar into I.ac des Bois [I^ke of the Woods]. Fort Bourlxjii is at one hundred and fifty leagues from the preceding one, and at the entrance of Lake Ouinipeg. Fort la Heine is situated on the right shore of the River of the Assiniboels, at seventy leagues rron» Kort Bourbon. Tliis louutry is com[>osed of vast prairies ; it is the route to «o through to the upper part of the Mis.souri. Fort Dauphin at eighty h^agues from the preceding one, on the River Nlinaiighenaehe(|uek«N. or Kau Trouble. I'orl l'osk'>ia is built on the river of that name fnow Siuskateluwan], at 1>H0 leagues from the preceding one ; it takes ton days from this fort to reach Nelson River, i'lio Fort des Prairies is at eighty leagues from Fort Poskoia in the upper part of the river <5f tVat isanic. Ttiir: |iij.-;1 Itx" ^n-cii f.wiiicd in etin-iivtf-TSiion oi a suni 01 f "gtii; !b"."~!rf'. fr^iics ; .,•.:•. rs-.m- 60 m' Jant is its fanner, with a fourth interest in its trade. The Indians who trade there are the Chris- kku in ^aoads. 17&7. I s.., f'rriicA '■ri>tonit,.„n "ltd tftt/r- "M nti. ''"i.iirii,.ni, KKiiivilli. „| eh.' Kr.'iicli loxtii in 'anwlii, ir. •'Nr.iHi.. Al'I'KMiix. SM inf-rast. " " ^^'" '"' "«'^«'^'*'^'-v that the tmvHIcTs r .ol ".""^ ^•-' «<=<="'"Pli^hccl ; l.ut The one wh . ''"'"' '"'' "'^ '" ^"''-'^'^ "^P— ' *"e one wlio ailvuiip..,! »).: i- seve,, villa.,., .sunoUM.h rr ;• ' ' *'""* "''*"' ''^' «'«t ">ft the Man ""'^'>*^. ; '"-' *^'»t n by way of a ^^rant, as an hereditary seigniorj. Tkmisca.minouk. — A post situated on a lake of that name, and farmed in consideration of the sum !•> of 7,000 francs; the Indians call the place where .stands the post ..4 u6a« Bou- iimndunt, being surroun)r a ranoc laden with six thousand pounds of merchanilizes intended to bo sold in one •>( the posts indicated; such a license costs fifty pistoles. The Governor-General, who is at liberty to give more or less, applies these funds for the mainlon- ance of poor families of oilicer.s. Account is given to the King of only twenty-two liccn.ses ; the Gov- ernor sometimes gives as iiianj' as forty ; the half of the fifty pistoles goes to the King, and the other half is at the disposal of the Governor for gratuities The post of La Bale has given in three years to M.M. Rigaud and Marin three hundred and twelve thousand francs, and at the time of M. Marin, the father, who was a.ssiieiated with M.M. do la Jompiii^ro ami Bigo., it produced more thaik one hundred and fifty thousand francs fjer annum all expenses 401'aiil TiiADiNO Posts. Sorliiern Pimtt. — 1. Themi.skaming (no commandant there) ; 2. Michilimakinae ; 3. La Bais ; 4 l.u Mer d'Ouest ; '>. Sault Ste. Marie (the seigniory and the < .\i Del.onne or his heirs) ; G. Chagouamigon; 7. Kaministigouya; 8. NtSpigon ; 'J. Miehipicoton (no coi.'ii!!!iiidant) ; 111. St. Joseph; 11. The River of the Illinois (no ci'Uimandaiit li:us yet been appoint"- '. fr that post). The General .sells licenses to the traders in order to allow them to tratlo with iht ;i; ''uns. Southern PoMs, — La Presentation, Front'.'oac. Toronto, Niaffara. (the small Fort of Niagara.— tha Indian trade is ft>r ihe King's lienefit); Detroit (Licenses are sold to the traders) ; The Miamis, sixty •Arr^KNnix. .S.T. I. frtneh aiiil arttli tiiiiilt. £nvli>li 30 •'■ b • • . aiinghan, . n.-ENGLISH DOCUMENTS. Civil »n,| iiiiliUr)' diviaiijiiii uf I'|'iii»i»im, one or the st.„n,..t K "o '" ll"" ' v ""'^'^^ "' "'° —mn.Iant of Un,... I • • f'"'.. HUM .,un.|rilat,.,al with f,.n ' ''''"'■ '•""'^' '^l'""t twor.tv-fivo ,1 . ''^' •""•'^'•'" '""H-h.r two years af.e,Janl.s two of ,^'''f "^ "' ■?"" '" '''^' ^'- 'ivc'r Lke T" "'"' '^''•-•""'"'•^. ^ ^]"- Hns.u.,K, at „.e Na.ei:!':^ n';'"'"^ '" '"' ^■""">- "^ ^'^ ^'^^X^ '''"'■ ""'' from the s ,.,iv of th.. rii . , "^"•^"""""itofa ).;!l alw.nt ■ . . •'() "•'•^'ular pen.a...,. withou L^.i " .' '.""' "'" "'"' ^^'^ "-"V miles Cu i "' "'" "'"'"'•■ "Ver- """"•«' «•"! partly ar.ifieial '' "'"' '""■"^^''''^ ''"'' «'>'''iers The S ''"'"''''•'' "' " "»'>"« the most interesti. , i . '"" '''""'■ ''^ ''"^" •""^'"- •--""c .1. al ;"'"!" '^•>' ^'"'' '^"'""^ The f,.rt a. I.o^vT '"^"""■^''"•-"'P''^'^ »'"" the travellercan," H. T ""^'•"'' ''''" '' '"^ «'"-' "f '^a«.ofthe^in;j:;-^,:;:r^--'-'--'^-^'^^ F...,T A,.KAN.s.A.s was ereete I • ,. «t»«-k«cl..s. on tho we.st ,, ""::i":;l::r;:„;::,-''r;'f ' '- ^'^S*t;:.;;;;z- " "■"' --■ - «'.-. i-N.n,jiv.,hur,r 'I ':;;'';'«'''^. '■"■''•■■«• m,i :r„ ,'','""■; ' '"'■■ «... illiBom, on his Hi-st visit t<. lUn, ' ' V .^^" ^""'''' ^"^ '>"'lt l.v Jj.. U v; „ . . L- ' ' " ""' tirailile iir lii,> IJ„ f;«;;;>^^...., .i.>,c. .■„ii„i r,.,.,. ''■' "■ •■•' ■ «w" «f ii.c juri.jiai,„. ,, k "„ ' ?!' "'* "«'" rir~r , - - 'nuuo m that part of t*" «!•, now, pp. »4^j5_ . ^ _ _ 81 >'mI.acho River; I're.s,,»'f«j,. S>' • • . ilinglian, . fA IN' 1723.« ^^f... eo„siste.l of a Htono '""'■"'""■'".i,' il was ,,n,-tlv '"*'"■ t..J.uf,|M.,;„„p,,H '""•"•"!»• Hy tho Mli.li,,,, '^•■'y'"i; ."^tiiiitis o,„,„f u-lta of t|,e Mississippi, '•"tockades. outhowest..,,, o( that river, and al.,.ut ^'•""•;i;l-.s of,. I... polygon •' '"^ concession, which ' , <-l»iinii,jfp„sse,ssion ' Cimnde, or liio Urnyo Wt.„vilie. on the right rani^o in that part of 40 The first oltl VoKT Bll.oxi has boen placed h\ Maior Stoddard, in his work on LouiHiima, on Terdidi* ostario Al'i'KNIilXt Bay, the ancient hoiiiidary line of tlie Frencii and Spaniards, iihotit twelve miles west of IVmisjk'oLi Hh.V, — where ho says M. d'lhei-ville erected a fort with fcur liastiuns, mi which he nioimied t.wiilve ennnons, and ^y.^iA' where it is said some remains of it may still Iw seen. Hut he this true or not, M. d'll>ervill«, hefoie he '^,'^i'",',',"^?' sailed for Fiance in Ki'Jd, hiiilt a fort upon the noith-cast shore of the l>ay of Biloxi, ahoiit litteen «vnt».^ miles north of Ship Island, of four luistions and mounted with tsvelve canno,is I'the leniains o( which i:„^ii,i, are still to Iw seen), which was the sign of the jurisdiction of France fioin the Rio I'erdiilo to the Kio Hiavo del Norte, and appointed M ilo Sauvollo ita commander, who kept a journal or histoiy of the colony up to the day of his death, 10 The Bai.izK I'oilT, at the nioutli of the Mississippi River, was built about tht; same time on an island, and mounted with cannon to j)rotect the French ships that anchoiod there, ami to diive off the Spaniards. roiiT bii'l.sK. i>K .Moiiil.K, or CuMil:, was buiii upon the River Mobile, and below the town and al>ont hfti'cii or sixteen leamies from the fort on Dauphin Island. It was constructed of luick.s, with four bastions niouided with cannons, after the manne^uf Vauban, with half moons, deep ditches, coveird military ways and glacis, with houses for tlie olficei-s ami barracks for tlie .soMiers, The foundations of this fort 'i,',*,',"!,';,.!!*,' are still to he seen, occupying a con.sideiable .space in the City of .Mobile. Although this was the head- ''-'•'! (piartei-s of tlie French Governor for ma,iy years, they were afterwards removed to Nkw Dai.KAMS, on the banks of the Mississippi, which the French, and afterwanls the Spanish, fortified after the; manner 20 of Vauban. A ditch was exteiideil round the city of about eighteen feut in width, with ramparts of earth, anliitlieil uiiilKr tlio iiamo of Henimn Moll, etc lioiidou, 1747." p]). C2l, 62'1, 029. | [(Unad.V «tU Nkw FkaSck].— The limits of this large country are vaiiously lixed by our geographe,-s, some of them extending them ipiite from Florida to tlio northern boundaries of America or from :5:< to (ill degrees of noith latitude Others Itound it on the noith by the land calleil I,alirath)r, or New Britany ; on the east by the Noithern Sea and New Kngland, etc.; on the south by Floridn ; and on the west by New Mexico, and the unknown tracts north of it. Acconling to which, it will extend itself fioin the *2.')th to the ')3id degiee. of latituilo, and from 70 to l):i of west longitude. But itH greatest extent is commonly taken from south-west to north-east, that is, from tl\o ViMvincn of I'udouit, in New Spain, to Capo (.Jhiirl'js, near the Bny of St. Lawrence, wliicl, U reckoned near IKK) \ciigiia« ['/'/(« jn'fotliiuj indmlcH, whiht (lie- follnivlnij I'xdiuhn, Loui-iinua.] Baron llimtan... ...niaki s it to reach only f,um Hi) to (i'l degrees of latitude ; that is, from the south side of the Krie Lake to tlm north- side of Hudson's Bay, and in longitude from the River Mississippi to Cajic Raee in Ncwfoundiand. EnKlith view i>( tll« .K,. 1741. 32 Al^rii. ._ ^'^^^^^''''i^o'^rKeMt sense, is commonly .livi.lcl into Kiistern au.l Western tlu- f..nn,.r of wlnel, - « CO n„.only known l.y tl.e nan.e of ( 'ana,!,., or Now Franco. an,l the latt...-. which is f „ ,. , covcry. Lou,.,ana. in honour of the hite LcwIh XIV Tho fom,.,- J .1, • «,^..m/.v,„, north an,i west of tho mvat rivr ,.., l i l '''*•.••••■■"'«'«•""'•' "f «"'«<". mdu.hnK "H t" tho •""''""•• ,.»» 1 -,;.•": "'"*->'''''^t "^'T "'"I hikes, contains twcntv-ei-ht tril-os [the f„li.,win.' .unontr """- "'^•.•■•;;^-^"'"-. ^''-'I'^. M..Hkouten.s. Oulovagamis, Huron.,, O.L..U, Ni .issisini aI^: Z hs,,„„uaux, 2. Ker.s.anutesor()upa,.n.achois; 3. Oumionquois ; an.l 4. (.'acouchmiuoiH.. It may not Ihj improper to «ive a farther list of tho wil.l nations of these parts It,.,,,,,! ,(.„ :::;:.M It ""ir '-^r-^^'-- ^"k-. ^--...0. AtticLekis ;;;:;tiicoi x : KL ;'"'I'"'"':-A-«'tthe Lake of tho lilinoiH. some Illinois, tl.o Onmamis Mask, utens 10 K kap,,„s. (.„tn,^,„,.s Malon.isn.is, I'outc.otau.is, ()j,.tino..s. an-I the Sakis. Al^ :se s," Al,..nk.n.. Alon^the Uiver of the (...tauas are seated the Tahitil.i. M..n.. / A lac I .,| u r ;;r; ,f :'u''\^T^'"'"' ""•' '''--^-i"k-aii speak Ai^onkm. About the lippc.:' ;:^ ; : l:^ZCl^'<^^ ''" ''"'"^-""••"^'■^- ^-l^-kitons. Ova• "'"I ^■->- «'»i-" "" 'li. l^mmlanes a n.uch greater extent, especially on the north ni-Ie, where they n.ake it conti^uo..: ^ .... *'"*'*''.p"''' "*■ ^^*"''^'*v'* ^''" l>'=«"R'»'«.siUKn,s TO IIuns.,NH Ha v, IfiCO.- Two French gentlemen h ■ e i; i !, M ",""■ T"" r' '•"; ''"^- "'"'^° ^'- '^"«"^'' •-• -'^ >•"* l.en ; upon which K.. 1 . , ; """ '•^'•'""'"^l ^''^"" ^''itJ'tT, which the sava^..s aeconlin-'ly li,l The (^ rri/rTl r;. ^''^'>^-^^^^• l-^"I»--] the .same way thev ^anu-, an,l fn, , . t .„ n 1. ck, ho capital of ( "ana-la ; where they otfere.l the principal merchan s to can v ship. „. ||u ,sonC . Ll m r V u ' ^ : ^''"'""' *'•"••''' ''"■•>' '"^'^ ^'^'' '' f'^vourable reception from son.e n.en of O-KHATIUVS ,.K ruK HrosoN's lUv roMt-ANV ,N HIK lUv, IfiTO S.5.-ln the vcar I.iTO tho ":;■;.: SJr;:i;;:v'"r" v'"'r '^'"■^•'^^•i.,- their .ovemor. who, wi.h^i: i;; :: S ri a I ■ "'" 7.""'" '"•'■">■ "'" -'^''li^'-l Ht Fort Nelson. In tho year l.;,^.^ F 1 u7 T'' ."'" *'"'""""■ "' ^'"''•"•^''' '^i^-"^' "itl- "■•.lers to he very .arelul of tl.; „, A...., ui.er,Mayes isian.:^^;":;:^ t;t'^;r!::^^^^^^ No FOHT OK THK Hi:..S..N'.S liAV CoMPANV li,„.T JnUASi* ox Nklhos or IIavks H,VK,<,s 1747- run a li t way Ze h . '^ """ f"""' ^^■'""■" ''"' '^'^'"-^ •'^■"'-" '^'"' ""> esjo..., an-l haviuK l.lti. way together, .separate a«a.n. forming, an l.slan,!, which is ,al|...| II«vch IMan.l • '■ fieri pretcfalcd to bo pan of New France ; and indeed, t^i ero.ss the 50 33 L-rn, till' fi.rincr of which icli is of iimcli luicr •se, inchiiiiii;,' nil to tho |tli(' follow ill;,', niMoiijf i|.i.ssisiiiiiiiis, AI;,'onkin» iitions or tiilios, viz; |, (.'aeouclin<{Uois I'lU'ts KoiiikI tlio ■s, and till! (>iitclii|ioiicM, UmiminiH, Mflsii-mtens lo All tlii'sc' speak the loiizoiii, Macluiniridilii, It till- Upper or Superior IIS, Atintons, Clistiiios, <\ New W'ttles. On tho ri tho Houth tho j,'reftt )iinilurieH, they nro not tho (iiilph of Mexico, 20 'safjos, 'rioiiontetecagas, and ( 'aroliim ; and on I. de Lisle 1,'ive thosu nake it fontigiious to "wo French fjentlenicn they learned of them, yet Iteen ; ii])on which, iccordin;,dy did. Tho ', and (Vom thence to 30 rry ships to IIuiIsom'n 10 favoiiraiilc hearing Kn^'iand's Anihassiidor lion (Vom scjiiie men of New Kngland trade, n the year I(i7(), the with Mr. nadi'.Non, 111 liie y.ai ItiN.I, • very I'Hieliil ul' ihp 40 the Knglish Cunipany sottlvuicnl:;*, namely : i-rn. kVK.S RiVKKS, 1747.— soiith-we.tt, and a till' tradu would be ayes join, and having Island. country from St. Marj^nret's River, which runs into the River of Cana near tho southern hrnnch of Moose River ahoiit oiu! hundred miles ahovo the factory, where they .sidl their goods cheaper than the (Vuiipaiiy ilo; aliho' it he Very ditlicult ami expensive to carry thom so far from Canada Thu French get all tho choice skins, and leave only the refuse fur the ('•iiiipany. The Freiieh have also got uiiother house pretty liigli up, upon llupert's River, hy which they have gaiiiM all the trade upon the Kast Main, except a little the Company got at Sludo Rivor, tho mouth of which is about thirty leagues to the north of I" ■ i.jrt's River. 10 iitAPK OF T!1K RkMuTK l.siilAS.s wiril MoNTUKAl,, 17l'7. — Montnal drives a vast trade with tho natives, whoso ciiief, go lirsL to pay tlieir duty to the governor and make him souk,' presents This concourse begins about June, and some of thom come hith< r from places distant about live Inindred leagues. The fair is ke]it along the bank of the river, and llio-e natives are sutl'ered to go and e\ehange their wa'es with the French ....This concourse lasts oil' and on near three months. The natives bring thither all sorts of fins, which they exchange for guns, powder, ball, great-coats, and other French gar- ments, iron and brass work.s, and trinkets of all sorts. • Hi'KsnNs IJav Comi-anv's Tuadk WITH TiiK In I KUHiK, 1747.— The English wlio trade hero [New South WalesJ, have no jilanlations or settlements within land, but live near the coast within their forts, in littlo houses or huU, < )|ITAHtO Ai'i'Kseil. .S.M.~I. f'trncK rj'iilomliirnt nnil null- mi uU. I'jiirliah ll'N'iiini'tiU : Kntrlmli vi«w iKiuii'liirivK, utc., 1747. to 80 >r TIIK Hav. 1747.— imiceii, to cro.».s tho 50 MEMORIAL OF THE HUDSON'S HAY COMI'ANV TO THE LORDS OF TRADE AND ILANTATIONS, 3hi. OCTOISER. 17:.U. Tlio said Governor and Company, in obedience to your Lord.sliips orders of the 2.5th July, last rcipiiring them to lay before your Lord diips an account of tho limits and boundaries of tho territory gruntcil to them, represent to your Lorclship.s ;••••• The said Streights and Ray, conjinoidy called Hudson's Streights and Ray, are now so well known that it is appreheiideil they stand in no need of any particidar description than by tho chart or map herewith deliveieil to your Lordships ; and the limits or boundaries of the lands ami countries lying round the same, comprised as your mcnioriali-its conceive in the said grant, an- lus follows, that is to say : All tho land lying on tho oast side or coast of tho said bay, and extending from the liay eastward to the Atlantic Ocean and Davis Streights, and the lino heivinafter menlionecl as the east ainl south- eastward lioundaries of the said Company's territories; anil toward the north all the lauds that lie at tho north end, or on tho north side or coast of tho said bay, and extending from iho bay northwards to the utmost liniils of the lands, then towards the north pole, but where or how those laiuls terminate is hitherto ujiknown; and towards the wcit, all the lands that lie upon the west side or coast of llip .said bay, and extending from tho bay westward to the utmost limits of those lands, but where or how those lands terminate to tho wc-it-ward is also unknown, though, probably, it will be found that they toiininate on the great South Sea; and towards the south, all tho lands that lie at the south end or south side or coast of the said bay, tho extent of which lands to tho .south to bo limited ami divided fnun tho places appertaining to tho French in those parts, by a lino \m iw drawn for the purpose, to Iwjgin from the Atlantic C>cean on the cast side of an island called Orimington's Island, otherwise Capo Perdrix, in the latitude of .VS.r on the Labrador coast, and to be drawn liom thence south-wcstwanl to tho great lake Mi.scosinko otherwise called Mistosony, and through tho same, dividing that lako into two parts, down to thu 4!)th degree of north latitude, as deseiibcd in tho'said map or plan delivered herewith, and from thence to be continued by a meridi.in line of the saitl latitude 4!)' wesiward. [Tho memorial comploins of the French encroachments before tho Treaty of Utrecht, and sots out tho tenth Article of that Treaty thus ; "That tho French King should re»tove to tho Kingtlom and Queen ofOreat Hritain, to be possessed in full right forovor, the Bay and Streights of Hudson, together with all lands, soait, sua-coa.^ts, rivers, and places situate in the said Bay and Straight, and which belong H. !V r...'. Mi'iiinriikl to tJM' I.0. :H AlTKM'IH. H,v. 1 t'nnfh ttpl'tratii-iii mealii. EnKlinli l>ucunii'nU iinci- H It. ('..'.. Meuii>niil ti< till' li«r. no tiiicfi of lati.l oi hiu ht-inj; exceptta winuh wore [..*H«eHHfJ \>y tiir nuJ jwU of Fr • •tC, I'tf " Also tin- •IfVoiith Aiticif, aii'l pHMJi'i'ils — ) 'J'liut in piirsuaiice of tlio Naihud 2(»tli July. 171.". tlu) Haiti Uy on.l latuU wer.- d, h wri'-l up i„, etc , ntiii oimni.HHHi irs worn iippoiiiti.] ti.8i'Ulo thoH.»i.l liniit.H aiiuii.s tovvur.l. -uIuik tla- Mini.'. Liit ih- y wcrt' nevi ;iM. to l.lin^' the scttlrm.nt of tlir iiii^l liiiiit'^ to II Haul eoiU'liiHion, etc. Tlic ».uiiiiilary line then projMWod by tliu llu.lson's Hay CiinjM.i.y, to k- nettled on tlio limits on tli.> contimiit liitw.i-n them iiml tli.' place.s Won^'inj; to the French iit the hoi ;h oml of the saM hay. a« iq appears from the several nuMnoriiU tinl u mtip or a plan tln-n prcM ntcl l.y th- .Hai.l lln.l.son's Hay Comimny to the I^onl.s Comniis-.iom-j-solTra.l.Min.l .still remaining' in your L.nlshipn' otlice, was thu Haiiie ivi the liiK- now propo*-(l hy your memorialists for the .south-east an>l south iMHin.luries; ami to avoi.l as niiK'h as po.ssil.le any, just Kioun.ls fur .litr.'rin^' with th.' French in a-ieeiiijr on those l.oun.laries which l.e neari't the settleinrnts, it is Ui.l .l.,wn nit as to leave the French in posse.s-sion of as much .t more Ian. I Mian they can make any Ju.st pretensions to, ami nt the .same time leav« your memorialists hut a very small district of lati.I iVoiu tlie .south end tif the said bay, necessary for a frontier. [It next refers lu former memorials sottiny forth the national rijfhts, nud that—] Sinee the Treaty of Utrecht the French and all the other nations have effectually Leon kept out of llud.son's liMv and Stieiehts, and have never oJIcred to come int. or ii.ivi;,'atc on the same with any 10 Hhip, vt.ssel. or boat or carried on ftiiy trade there, Hut the French, sinee the said treaty, as has b(!en reix.ited to your nieinoriulists from their factories in the bay, have atdilferent times minle some settle- ments in dilfeivnt parts i iland to the west of tlf said Uy, within the aforesaid liuu.s of the lIud.son'H May l'oiiii.any and have also carried on Home trade within the .said company's limits by means of wood- runners in an interlopim,' way, both which are coneeiveil and humbly represented to your Lirdships as encioaciinieiits on the Uiiti.sh territories or tratle. That your memorialists have used the best endeavours in their power to prevent the French makinj; any oncroaclinM t ^ on the Hritish territory in those parts, and juirtieularly at t,io south end of the said bay, whore, by Ui.i vseighbourhood of the French, there is ino»t to be apj.rt bended. Your memorialists have made n ...fihii eat many years since upon the princijial river there, called Moose K'iver, which runs 3() froma^iei* dUi:*!!!!^ souih into the bay, and Imv. also ere. ted a fort mounted with cannon for the 'lefenco of iji • •- itlemont, and prevciiting the French enU>rini} the bay by any navigation down that river; ami your meiijorialists, ..n another principal river calle.l Albany lliver, that likewise falls into the bay towards the southward thereof, and comes a j,'reat way from the west, erected another fort calleil Henley, at the distance of 12U miles up that river, your memorialists thereby endeavourini,' to ^'uard their territories bot!i to the south and west a.^-ainst the French frontier, and which forts and settlements of your memorialists, are nitiiitained an.l supported by them at considerable expense. And your memorialists liavo, in'like manner, for their further defence towanls the west, erected a fort at Flainbon/, liea.l of I*ort Nelson lliver, and h.ive also several other .-.cttlements or fort.s at the enterence of the piineipal rivers that come into the bay from the west, particularly on (.'hurehill River, Hays 40 liiver, and the said Albany River, and also on the east side of the bay at Sluid River and A.\tinine|)eck Hay, aiel have also several ships an.l vessels navij,'atin^' the straits ami bay at proper seasons, some of whieh remain there the whole year ; and the natives all round the bay, by means of the rivei-s that fall into the same, on breakinj,' up of the ice come .lown in canoes from the country .several hun.lred miles inland to tra.le with'the t!ompany, brini^dni,' with thorn larjfo i|Urtntitieji of U^aveis and other furs, the produce .if that coM climate, and takin;,' in exehani,'.- I'.riiisli manufactures, which the. ('oiiipany have always rea.ly to siij.ply them with, and which the Indians carry back with them for their own consumption ami nee, and to .lispose of amonj,' other natives there, and which it is ajiprehended is better perforiiM d by them than could be done by liuropeans, and the rivers that run into the bay a.lmit of no navigation for hhips, or any vessel of burden at any eijii.siderabl'j distuucj uu the s-uiv.!. and th'.' clim.'i.Ui 50 b15 :* '^^s f F 111- DuljvetM i(f Fiiinci ml ('itiniiiiKHiiiii's w»T« wi-ro ])ii*l \>y the stti.l t'ttll'llii'lU of tilt' iHiil i nil tlit> iiniils Ull (lie ml of the Nftiil liay. a.-, lo !• siiM lliiilson's Hav sliipft' oflii'c, wftH the .h iHMitiiluiii's; ftnd tu ^ III) thiisi' liDiinilariPH wfssioii (jlas iiiticlt ir ,v« y<»ijr luotiioiidliHtH a fruntior. iilly I'oori ke|)t out of )ti tlic Mamu vvith any lo il truaty, us lias bci'ii leii made soinu suttlu- iiiiiis of the Iluilsun'ri ts hy iiifaiiH of wiKxl- tu your UinlNhipa eh it tln! French iiinkiii^ s'liith eiiil of the Hiiiil V'oiir iiieinorialistii ist- li'iviT, which runs 30 I with euiiiion for the lavifralion ihiwii that it likewise fulls into erected another fort re by etidenvoiirinir to and which furts and 'nil)le exp«Mise. And vest, crectotl a fort at fort-s at the eiiteirnce .'hiirehill Hiver, Mays 40 ."er and Axtiiiine|)eek oper seiwons, some of IS of the rivers that ntry several huiidrcil •avers and other furs, which the ('oinpany I thciii for their own ipprchendcd is Inittcr I the hay admit of no n.'.n.l the hay i. so Pxtrnmely rol.j ah to admit of „,. n«rieulture, the Indian, of tl...s., ,«irts beinc « .......ther ,-, wandcr,n« , p|.., „,-, , wtiolly ,„b,iH,in« themHelvos by l.u.itinK. living o,. the wild boast- they kill, and bartering,' their fin That your nieinoriallHts appr th • territoriei ijrante I to your iiieni. upi' »he footing,' hereinbefore ni. i;i mentH they l.avo ma f,,r the benefit of this kin;rdoin that the limits of Is, and the places ap rtainin;,' to the French, Hhould be settled i, and thai the French should bo obli;,'ed to reinuve all eiicroach- I limits, by breukin;,' up th, ir Hcttlements, and re^,trainiii" the C'liARi.EH Hays, Secretary. Al"l'K.XIIII, 8«T. I. trrnrh 'TiJi.ralhitu mil trlt/r- mrtill. li'K'iiinrnti : l( II (-...-■ Ml iiKiriiil t« till' l^inli ct Trnili', ;)nl . .IKFFEIIVS Aa-dlNToFTIIK FUKNCII POSTS OF THE WEST, I7.U.- A number of rivun*. Ho.m. of which are very oonsiderabh discharge themselves into this i^.ke [Superior], One ..f those, which falU int., it, near the middle ..t its northern -^liore, rises about •'.•, ny ;}() leagues north of Like Superior, (Vom a lake called Alimipegon INepigon), near which are the sources of a nver that falls i,,.., Ilu.l,,,. lUy. AiMther river that falls into L.ke Supci,,, ifl.ar the lust mentioned, is called, n '.ench maps, Natoungan [Pigeon iiiverl unl c.n.m.inieates. if we may belli ve the inhabitants. I, ,„ „f nvei-s and smaller lakes, with a considerable lake called l.uke Mourlion, which is made .mninicate, in like manner, bv I'ort Nelvn, River, c;dled bv the French Bourbon Hiver. with Hml .. Hay to the north-east. The French Hkewise suppose that' it c imi- 20 cates westward witli the great sea. commonly called the South Sea or Paeitic Ocean. At the ,„„uih of /„', Trni. ninh-r>: or the Three Uiveis. is a little French fort, called t.'amanis- ti-ouia :and twenty-live leagues to the west of the .Mill r,rf, the hmd begins to slope, and llio river to run towards the west. Atninety five leagues from this greatest height lies tlio second establishment of tlie French that way, called Foit .St. Pierre, in the l.ake des F'biles. The third is F„rt St. Charles ei.d.tv ha-iics farther, un the Lak- .!.■ Hois. The fourth is Fort Mauivpns, a hundred leagues distant fmm" th- last near the head o( the Lake Ouinipigon. Fort la Kciiie, which is the fifth, lies a hun-livd iea-ues fMrtlier oil the river of the AssiniboeN f As^iuiboine.j Another fori had been built (m the river Rouge filed. River of theNorthj. but was deserted on account of its vieiiiitv to the tw.. last. The .sixth Foil no Dauphin, stamls on the west side of Lae de- Prairies, or of the .Meadows [Lake Manitoba] And the seventh, which is called Fort I!, Ull .stnmlson the «hoie of the great Ld^e |l,,urbon [the northern part of W innip..gl. The chain .-iids with Fori l'..skoyae, at th.- bottom ola liver of that mime which •alls into Lake Houikm. The riv.r Poskoyae is made by D-lisle and iJuache to ris.; witliiii iwei.ty- hve leagues of their West Sea[(iulf of (Jeorgia), which, they sny, eommunieates with the Pneilic ( Icean. All these Forts are under the (lovernor of 1 'unada. On the southern coast of Like Superior, which e.Meiids almost due en.'-t and west, are the l,>le de St, Michel, and the liay of ( •h.aoiiamig at t!i.. bottom of which was foimerlv a small Indian town where ft missionary and .s'.i .th.'r French came to .seith' in lOlJl. by means of which this place, at first .scarce worth n-t ice, soon be.'ume very lemaik.ible. Tlie Outuganii, Siiki, Oiiiawai, Huron andlllinois 4ii Indians resorted thither >o early as ICti-s, for the sake of trade, and many of them .settled there , and th,- trallie i.s Htill pretty considerable. This settlement was called La Mi.s.sion du St. Esprit. '1 fferyi' iU'cnllllt nf rrt'iii'li I'lwta in till' Wi>at, 17(11. CAPTAIN PITMAN'S ACCOCNT OF TlIK FRENCH SETTLEMENTS OF THE ILLINOIS AT rilE TIME OK I'HE TUKATY OF ITGS.f Fnltr CilAHTUES, when it bidonged to France, was the 8o«t of Uovernment of the Illinois. The r,i,,,. i-.tm.o liead(|uarteis of tlio English commanding otHcer in now here, who. in fact, is the Hfhitrarn ,lova-nor of ritfc'l. t„ H:. m.':.!.'.?' "'" '*'■•'"''' Domiiiioiii in North «nil Seuth America. London : 1761 (p. 19). Jeffery. was "atnpri.pl.t.r '"'""'•• '^"'• t Tile Piiment Statu ef tlio Eurniion-. Mil tleiiient« ..11 the M inHihuippi. Hy C*plftiii Philip Pitman, 4te., I.i.iu!.,n, 1770. MICROCOPY RESOLUTION TEST CHART (ANSI and ISO TEST CHART No. 2) 1.0 I.I in, |||2i IIIIM m 1^ IM u lii. u UUI. I^S zo 1.4 ^ /APPLIED IM/1GE In "i^3 EosI Motn 5lreel .'m^'^II'; "" '"'"' '"'O') USA ('6) 482 - 0300- Phon, ('16) jaa - 5989 - Fa, m*^ ! f i (iNTAUm .Al'l'tlNMX. Sec. I. I'rrnch cxplur riiiiis and sitllf- vuiitu, Docuiiientu : Capt. Pitman on Fri'iicli settluiiifiits in t)i)' Illinois, 1703, 36 tliis coiintrv. The fdit is an irroijiilar iiuatlranL;lo ; tlio sides of the exterior ]-)o1y;,'on are 400 feet. It is built d. The entrance to the fort is through a very handsome rustic gate. Within thi' walls is a banquette, raised three feet, for the men to .stand on when they lire through the loop-holes. The buildings within the fort are — a coiniuandant's ami a coniniissary's house, the magazine oi nUm's, corp.i dr (/(tnJi', and two barrack.s ; these occupy the square. Within the gorges of the fort aie a powder magazine, >i bake- hou.se and a prison, in the lower tlixjr of which are four dungeons, ans, and .settled 1 (Jovei'nnient tpuii the west ia liecanie the lenient in the I'ucterl a very It lies about 11 it, with two 40 adjoininj;f it ; s part of the ed and forty »y the French e of the sup- sh subjects of to the King's slaves. The "^^ 37 fort which was burnt down in October, \7(\Q. stoo 1 on the .suniu.lt of a hi-h rock opposite tlv- viUaffe and' on the opposite side of the K .skaskin river. It was an ob! ,n,u1ar quadran>,de, of winch the exterior poly-'on measured two hundred and nin.-ty feet l,y two hu.idrod and tilty-one leet. It was built of very thick s.p.ared ti.uber, and d.,vetniled at the an..,dos. An oilker and twenty soldiers are quartere.l in the villa-e. The ollicer -overns tlje inhabitants, under the .lirection of the conunandant at Charti'cs. Here are also two companies of militia. La Th.VIRIK DK RnntES [Du Rocher], is about sevent.'on miles from Oascasrpiias. It is a small villacre consisting of twelve dwelling-houses, all (.f which are inhabited by as many families. Here is a Uttle'eimpel, fm-nierlv a chapel of ease to the church at F.ut Chartres. The inhabitants here are vjry. 10 industrious, aud rais.; a great deal of corn, and every kind of stock-. Tlu, village is two ,n, e.s from Fort Chartre-^ It takes the name from its situation, being built under a rock that runs ],arallel with the river Mississippi, at a league distance, for forty miles vv. Here is a company of mil.t.a, the captain of which regulates the police of the village. Saint I'lmiu-I-K is a small village about five miles from Fort Chartres, on the r-nd to Kan.iuias. T'.ere are about sixtoou bouses and a small chuirli standing. All the in'.abitants, except the captain of the militia, deserted it in 1705, and went tn the French side. Tin, captain of the nubt.a has about twenty slaves, a good stock of cattle, and a water-mill for corn and planks. This village stands in a very line meadow, about out; mile from the Mis.sissippi. The villere (,f SviSTK Famh.I.K m. K\()QUIA [Cahokia] is generally reckoned fiftem leagues from "0 Fori Chartres"and six leagues below the mouth of the Missouri. It stands near the side of the Mi.sis- " sipui aud is marked from the rivi^r by an island nearly two leagues long. The village .s opposite to the cent.'e of this island; it is long and straggling, being three-,,uarters of a mile from one end to the other It contains forty-tive .Iwelling-honses and a church near its centre. The situation is not well chosen as in the Hoods" it is gener.dly overflowed two or three feet. This was the first settlement on th.^ Mississi,,pi The lan.l was purchas.'d of the savages by a few Cana.lians, some of whom married women of the Ivaonuias nation, and others brought wives from Canada, and then res„led_ there, leaving their chihlren to .succeed them. The inhabitants of this place depend more .m huntmg and then- Indian trade, than on agriculture, as they raise scarcely corn enough for their own cons.nnpt.on ; they have a cnvat plenty of poultry, aud good stocks of horned cattle. The Mi.s.um of Saint Sulp.ce had a 30 verv fine plantation here, aiul an excellent house built on it. They sold.this estate, and a very good ,nili for corn and planks, to a Frenciiman who chose to remain under the b.nglisli Covernnnu.t. ihey nl.so dispose.1 of thirty negroes, and a good stock of cattle to different people in the country and returned to France in 17G4 'What is called the Fort, is a small house standing m the centre of the village It dillcrs nothing from the other houses, except in being one of the poorest. It was fonm.rly ene osed with high palLades, but these were torn down and burnt. Indeed, a fortress at this place could be of little use. OFFICIAL EFFORT OF THE COMMISSIONERS OF THE STATE OF MICHIGAN ON THE mtNCH sStLEMENTS of the COUN-TKV BETWEEN GREEN BAY AND THE MISSISSIPPI. OsTAIilO .Vl'l'KNIiIX. S-. I. r -h rtiftonA utlh- ini ntf. Kiiplish liiicumi'iita : (,'iilit. ^ilnl.^Il (HI I-"roiK'ii sf'ttli'rnt'iits ill till' llliiioi., 1703. 40 Michigan Commission on L.4Nd Claims. Edmdfrom the letter of instructions to the Agent appointed to receive daims and take evidence con- cernin'J land claims at Green Bay and Prairte des Chens* Teuritouv of Michkjan, Land District of Detroit, August S, 1821. It is not praetical^le for the Commissioner, to prescribe the period of t.ime which, 1^' your notices, Michigan vou will assb. at Green Bay and Prairie des Chiens respectively, for receiving he evidences of claims c mni ^. an ties. Ihe \^ ..c^. veasnnMc notice ; what may be deemed rm.son.?.?. notice must depend cw. upon the number ofcna^^Inari^ am_Uln^eiiiote^^ • Americ;in Statu Papurs, V»l. 5, pp. 306-7. ™|^Jjjjj*2*j*j-™S2iS2^^!i^^^^'**-**'**'''^ Ijt 38 OXT.MIIO' Ari'KMijx, .Src. I, t'niic/i . ;Ios Chiens is supp,.s.| .. havo l,,... ^ r,^"! :,;;;;;' :"' "■;'• ^^y- ?''- ..ttl,.,„„„t a. P..i.o :^i:-^;>l;'>^s o bo considerably greater; b„t, in .vspeet to M, i N ^ 'h '"t, """'''"' '"■"'-'"-'t^ - •"•"-od -"^ ra.I,t,o„ary orotluT infonaation win .1. can be n.; u v. , - "'"''"""".^■^ ^"•'' 'inih' con.pr.t,. All the K„..i.. those s,.tth.,.u.,.ts wouhl be ve.y d^siraU an, Z ' \ " -n.ernn.. the origin and histo.y of tl.eir land claims. ^ ' '""'' "''^>' ''^' '^^ "'"^•'' "- i" the nltin.aie investi^ration of niea land claims. Isaac Lee, p:sq., A^vnt, etc. W.M. AVdO'jrUifDOE, "j ^t('m,;r>/ of Mlchh/an PkTER Al-DliAlN, ' It'yixtrar. J. Kearsley, Receiver. ^-Commissioners. 10 .'» //»■ Cot//,^^ „/ Michigan Cvavfor.1, a.d Ta-rllory of Mihiyau. (1.S2S.)* Few difficultirs liavr been met wit], 1,,- f).,. n ■ ■ tboy are not individually inUioate. Th.. .Xu^X^TT" '!' '''f'' '--^'^-t-n of the.o titles ; i""-l-d a rule by which they have all be "il Z ^ J? ("""'^ "'"""""' ^I'l'^-l'^'i^y. 1'- Notwithstanding the h,.d. anth.uitv whicl ,7 """ ' ""'"""' ^"^^'^^^'«'^- and the ve.y considerable mmd"" hi ? 7 "'"^' '"' f" ^'^'--"^ "^ ^'-'airie des r-hiens 20 F..neh or British ,rant, l,,ally authenlii,: r ::':;:::r:; ':; 7 'T'''' """' '^'-^ ""^^ .loe.ls of any sort have been exidbited to us To an Vm, T ' " " ' '^^^"'I«''''^'ively but few l<'ssness of the Canadians in respect to wh. tev "' 'l"''''"'"'^^''' "■^''' ^''^' ■■"^^'''"'^■'i"? care- u-countabie. It nevertheless :c;::s:it:rrTr • 'r'' ''^'^' '''' '■^''' '"-^-- tion throuo-hout this country. "' '" '^"""'" "' ^'"'^ '-^H^'-^^ of the French p,,pul,v It became manifest, therefore, immediat.lv if^r,- fi,^ r< • • e.^H;:;;;;t";, the A<,ent, ,hat whatever claim tl o p m e of p' ^;;'""~-- --- P-sessed of ,l,e re,,ort of K -t- iand title, nn.st be founded upon ; ^ ' ^ Lt b j t ^ '• '"'^-"•" '"' ' ^"^'^^'^^^^^^ "t thei -'^-.. .-. to have con.prehended perhap^all L.ir elai:: ^ , C il^^H M 'P^ ''''' ^•■'"^'^"*^^' '^'-^ .years an.ong them, and the interruptions and oeeasiov ev .7^ ♦ "'"' "''"'"'''^^ ^'""'^ '-^ ^^^v 30 npon the establishn.ent there, since' the late irSZlt;:^^;:^:^; t.;;;: '''''-'-''' ^--^"-^ ..e -:eh';;::r::;:h:.;ts:t^^^ - rr" ^'i""" ^' - -- -•"- Since their ancesters were cut off, by the t eat v wh c ,^e II, T\ "" "'"^"' '' "' '^''--^ course with their parent country, the people bot of .Sn P ,' p" '• ' ''' '''''' f''"'" ^'" i"^- ''"^il -ithin a few years, quite L.late . a u ,M w tlll^ 2^' " T "'" ' '•'"'^' '"^^ ^^^ '^f^- .l.e present population of these settlen. nts ar It " J tlfr""""^ '':' l''^"'' --'• ^nd although se.pumtly are by birth citizens of the United S a ^ f •"■'■:'" "■'"^''' '''^'>' '"''^^'''t, and e^^- apparently. as little political ™nnectL : 'i'^t^,^!:;^' m"'"^ ^ '^"^ ^''"^'^- ^''^^^ '"-'^ '-'• British. Ignorance of their civil r=.dits earelessne sof . ' ■';' '"''''''''' ^""' ^^■'^'' ^''''^ of the IQ cheerful submission to the m^uisiUo^s ^^a;:^. ^^ ^ hospitality.*' universal characteristics. With those who knl tl ^ tei n . "'', " T "''"' *'"'^'"' -'^^ ^''^i'" nponthe demand of those who came ostensib do h w '^ ' f'""'''"''"' '^ "'""' «^'"'^ --» 'mouses the illegality of their titles, or of the wea^ieJs oS l^i^ '' ""''' ^""'^^'^"^^ ^ --'--e of -^ o_ed^.._^ ^,, ^_ .:;:i:L.-::;'~-':;;;;-;- ^ drcui. * American State Papers, Vol. 5, pp. 303 5. 3!) ', yet it, is lii'lir-v-cd ''''iioiit (if. Pi-iiino iiiiants is iM.JiovL'd '■'iiiiprrt. All the :i'i iiiid liistoiy of '■ iiiVf.sti'Mtion of iiinissioners. 10 ni (lir Count y of 'I of tl.,.";o titles; I'plicabiii ty, has possession. uric lies ( "hiens, gQ '', foiindod upon •iitivoly but few ^toiiishing eare- 'iict inn.st seem Fiviiuh p.ipiila- jf Hie report of nation of their (Kciently broad I within a few 30 IIS, consequent never, anion(» II to in silence, fi'oiii all incer- lave been left, And although ihit, and con- py Iiavo had, ill that of tlie 40 1 hospitalit}', "'111, are their Is and liouses evidence of isition of tlie • A circnni- iew.s. After ♦ » t!ie Aijent liad retiii'iii'd fi'oin (jreen Day and I'raii'ie des Chiiiis, and when it seenieil too late to obtain o.ntahid ■; rebuttins^or fiuther te-itiiuony, a eav(>at was iilcd with tlic (I'l.uuiiissionrrs, at tin instance of the Super- Jl intend'jnt of Indian trade, bv John W. ilohrison, I'jsii., Indian Fa<'tor, ayainst tii*; claim to \''illa''e Lot '^'■''' No, H, jireferre I by the American Fur Oompatiy. Tin' j>rincipli's npon which that caveat is founded, ,.r,,hiriiii""i;iini.iits : upon the public lauds in violation of the laws of the United States, and tliat, in truth, the Indian title to tiie country in (jnestion has not been o.xtinijnished ; objoetions whieh, if sustained in one case, must 10 conclude all cases there. Upon a critical examination of this matter, so nuexpeetedly ami so recently presinted to them, the Commissioners have not been able to discover anythiiii,' in the jirotest of the United States Indian Factor, in the documents he has addui.'ed, or in bis own fair and candid statement, which could sanction a il(;ubt as to tlie propriety of eoiilirminj,' the claim set up iiy the American Fur Company. It appears to have be(m in the s]irin^if of 1(J7'} that Pere Mar(|Uetti.' and Mons. Juliet took their Mkiiican departure from the French establishment at (Jreen Bay, on a voyage of discovery up the Fox River, and ,ii's"l!''p"rt"n down the Wisconsin to the Mississipjii. This chainiel of communication between the rj;reat lakes and ^)"'||.',',",i','!„"' the ilississippi, froui about that period, had attracted a consideraVile jxirtion of public attention. The Cliicns, 1W«, French V(jya,LCeurs continuoil afterwai'ds generally to take thnt route ; their Indian traders most usually 20 did; and it ' ^ the same channel through which Carver also peiietrateil into the Mississipjii coi.ntry in 17U0. Although the Commissioners h;ive not, on this head, been able in so short a time to procure that ample and certain infor'.ialion wdiich is desirable, }"et it is Viclieveil that not very mnn^y years after its first di.scovery in 1G73, by the Frenc'.i, a permanent estaolislnnent was made by them at the Prairie des Chiens. Vestiges of an old and strong French fort [Fort St. Nicholas] are still disceriialile there, although it is stated to have been destroyed so early as in the first years of the Revonitionary War. When in 1 805, the late General Pike was on his voyage up the Mississippi, lie computed the fixed white population of the place, ill the absence of the traders and those connected with them, at .STO, and the total number at from .500 to (Jt/O. Mr. Schoolcraft, in LS20, estimates the population of the 30 place at "jOO. No evidence can be obtaineil from the traditionary history of the country that, at any one period, that settleieent has received, by emigration, any sudden and large aui,'nientati(jn in the number of its inhabitants. It has nevqr been characteristic of the Freiieli (,'anadian settlements to increase rapidly, nd it is considered a fair inference, from all that can be learned on the hubject, that for a long and indelinite time its numbers have been considerable, ami increasing only at a tardy pace. This consideration is supposed to bo eminently corroborative of the position the Commissioners have assumed, of the anti'piity of this settlement. With what pro[iriety the inhabitants of Prairie des Chiens who were born there, and whoso ances- tors have for more than a century resided there, may be said to have "taken pos.session of the public lands in violation of the laws;" how the;/ n\iiy be saitl to be "intruders" who, and whose ancestors 40 throUi,di so many political changes, have, with the assent, express or imiilied, of each successive sovereignty, continued to inhabit the country which gave them birth, it is hard to imagine. It has been urged against them that their only right to the soil which they occupy consists in the ■permist^ion ucaorJcd tliem b;/ the Imlian'i to renviin there. Surrounded as that settlement always has been, by numerous hordes of ferocious savages, (luite well disjiosed at all times to cause their power to bo felt, it may, perhaps, be emphatically said (especially since the power of the French Government here was overthrown), that the inhabitants have occupied their lands " l»j pei-mitislon of the huHani^." Left with none to defend them, they must have acconnnodated themselves to , 'ir luunours ; it has from neccfisitii resulted that they have been compelled to submit to their comniaims, and, however reluc- tantly, to sub.serve, perhaps often, their vindictive views. But it is not considered that; anything in 50 their history, in such respects, detracts fiom the force of their present claims. iUll 40 Ontaiiiii Al'I'KM.Ix. Th li^ (\Mmnissi..n,,rs ImvcMiotlm.l access to an V i.ul.lic nichivos l.v wl,l,.l f tiv.cT.aintv, wlM.tl„.r,.i.)„.rtlM. Vv.uvh uv luM . ^^^ '"""''*•' ''•> ^^''"•'' '" "•-'•'■'•tain, wKl, posi- •1- In.lians An, V / „ ' "'^y'^^-'HM to 1,„1,| f„nnal tn..,!,. f,„. s,,,.!, ,„„-[.os,.s witi, .-iw. I. rru..-h l'"i"iniit'nts '"'-.•i-l"sn> ■ s' V t , : ;■ ''"''"'^ n. h^toF tl,e extin„.isl,„.,.ntoF th. India,, ,irl,. al •7M, l>at..i.k Si,..lai Li.: ,:::;■"""; .no.vm.,.„t,it is ..s,al,li.lK.,, also that, in th.-Voar - ^'^^ '^'^ "^ o<'tlu. sa,ne yea,.. It is p,.„vided (At -^ h "ti. 'St 1 sf r , ' '• r^' '" ^''^' --^^'' "' ^'"-"^^' 2^' tl'a. ..vaty was hoi,len, i ee,.tain Let ,:;^e^ t , ^ i ,^^7 "'"'^"f ^", ^'"' ''''''■' -'^'' -'"'- Lake .Mi,.l,i..,n " .nr»//„„ ,M,t of s.,i 1 ,. I i •'"-""'t'' "^ '^ ^^-'-^t l,i„. f,„,u th,. so„tl, h,.,„l „f nv.v..;,j...d,,.iin; !:f, :'. ^:'.': ::;:'";f '"''■■'Vv?:'"^^ '"•'" ''"^"- ^^z-"' "^ ^^^ --"'^ '^-^^^ -..nisition „f tl,e e,:,nt..y eo .h^ h, U " '"^ '^' ''^:;;-' --^i'-^" Mu^ allegation of a p.-evions 1-^-u.io i' 'iveaty ./,.. .. t'^» ;2. wr ':: h'"' '^- ^ Y r' ?'• '•' ' '''^ ^'-^^^ ^''^ their ..elin,,nishn..nt. The real ohi^ct o hd „,/•"' r''''^'''''' ''^ ''"-' ^'"'^"^ '^^'^^"^ *'"'• apprehen,!..,!, was to enahle th r„ d «t s n^ It 1' "'*'" ^•'-^y"'' *'- ^^'''i Nove.nbe,-, it i.: Mississippi, uhe,-,.tl,,.ln,i,an title ha nov^^f "" ''"' ^^-"-^^ '^''^ "^ the is supposed, conl,l In. selecte,L^"" ^•^^'"-"'■^^'-l' ''"'» ^vhere a n,,.,-,. eligible site, it 30 Fo.n.;hA;:;:i;:;t:T..x::;;:::i;:^ Mississippi;" it is "....r f,.„„. IM it It w '^'^"'^"r^"*^ ^'•'"•■'- ^'- tJl'i-- li-"«..^ of the wl.0,,,. whose e],ildn.„,stil,inha.I It i::;:;t'^:''^ '"l ^''^7'.'''^ ""' ^'^-^ ^^'^P^^' t].ospi...tofthep..ovisi..s,.f,,.thi..dandw;::^[i:;;:^^^^^^^^^ ^'- --^^ -• douht ul that the India.; ^i;;;!';:': u , SiT'^r ;;: ;nT 'f ";; '"'r'"'f, '"^"" --^ "^ -^ the A,,,e..iean(Jove,.n,neut have heenthen-sJi^'ntv^..^'"^^^ a,i,n:ssai.le to suppose that an.lyet it cannot othe.'wise he if t],e Indi'in tifl.f / a, t ,.f oppi^essive usu,.pat,on an,l violence ; 40 estalkh..,! ,a..,.isons thc-e, t w , e i Iv v o hu" •^^^'"^'-''-'-f-' ^'-7 have erected forts and to suppose that they ha.l no power lln.Uh^ J.^^ riJ^^^^'f ' " ''^'T. '^ ^'^^ ^-""i--- this matte,., when the law of May U, IS.'O „n, ' "v l tl v V T "' T '"'"'" '" '"'''^''"" '" tl.o benefits an,l all the ,.ights which/in vi.;. of f^ w' 7^; :^^'"'^^^'>- ^^-'^^^o that people all the J)e„.oit land district i eretofo,.e , ossesse h r 'f ., r^T' *'" ''""f^^' ''^''^'''^ ^^'^'''" requires of the Con.ndssioners that !i::;^v;;:;n.r;'t';;;j;^;;^'^ ''""' ^'^'-^ -"• '^'^ -'P--tivoly The Act of March ,'!,.d, 1807 vested !n fl,-,o„ e 1 , firn,e,l in their clai.ns upon the kh^^lnl Z>% 7 T"' ^^ ^^^ 1— U right to he con- Marcl, :h.d. 1.S07. inclusive. The ex on t,fth 1 T "'""^ P™""" ^'•"•" •^"'>' ^^^' l'^'^' ^^^ p.v.ons o. that Act, . . .....X::^::!-^:.: :;r t;;:^::;;;.;;r^^^ f,- - I 41 'Ci'itnin, witli jiosi- roiiii;il rxtiiii,'iiisli- tli till' siiiiic tnilh, ■' l'clicv,.(l tlint tlio iicli |)iii'[iusc's with It III' ol till.' a.sMiiiiivl f fill' ill the tnuli- llilll IlliiiillLr ('(illn;- tlif Indian lirlc at. j:\is\\. And liy tlic 10 ' tlidt, ill tlic \v:\v wliilr tlu' Kii,i,di,sli the lands coiiipiL'- fiml, a|i|icuiiix to ■ts, wliich may hu iirities, liiivi.' sineo mty (sec Acts of i'4tli of Aiiniist, 20 lilies with wlioia lie soiitji bend of f Ihi: mouth of the on of a ])rL'viuii,s will not cscapo .. p. 4-'8), tliat tlio '^nited States for 1 Novoiiibor, it i,; I'st liank of tlio '■ fligilif site, it 30 pi'ovisioiis of tho lios " mxt of the fivnch people" the words and Iio e(|nity of tlio There can be no to suppose that )n ami violence ; ^q 'ectcd forts and 3 Coninii.ssioners lit in relation to that people all residing within so imperatively right to be coa- ly bst, 179G, to t'liiens, of the -q proof, a like (INTAKIO Ari'KNIUX. S.O. I. J'rnieh ixiiliiratiiiHK 1111(1 Hitlle- intntii. Krif;lisli |iiH.uim'nt«; right. Proof of this tenor has lieon adduced ly John Jacob Astin. Kanisay Crooks, and iiobert Stewart, co-pa.. iors under th(( firm of "The American Fur Company," (formerly styleil "The South-Wcst Company,") as well as by others whoso claims they have confirmed, and the Commissioners have not felt thoiiiselvos justified in adopting .-ny course of reasoning which would frustrate tho object of that law from which tiny derive all the powei' thej' liaM' possessed. A majority of the Coniinissioiiers have felt olj'igcd nevertheless, to withhold ficpin many of the claims tho sanction of their contirmation; not because those claims were less eiiuitable but because the proof adduced of occupiincy, possession and iniprovenu'iit did not reach far enough back; they consid- ered that the possession, etc., conteniplateil by the law was an Indifiiluot and cxrluslve p(;ssession,from ^'' July, 179(5, to JIarch, 1807. Tho fact in rehition to the claims not confirmed seems to have been that the lands so claimed had been imincmorially occnjiied by the villagers in common, or as a ponimnn, and that they had not been individually and exclusively apjuopi'iated until after July, 17i'fi. As no dissent on the part of the villagers was at any time expressed, S2S.)* /-"'""«, lU Except that this French scttloinent is older than fl...f nf »l,. p • • i ^, • present inhabitants rest upon the same basiT " ''''^ ^'^'"'^' ''"^^ '^''^""^ °f it» As the same general observntions will antilv f.-. onr.1, „i r sioners bo. leave to refer to the views 1-^,3 1,^1 ' M """ "'^''-'""'-^'^'y, the Commis- Chiens titles. ^ '"- ^"•^'"'"^•^» '" tl'^.r report relative to the Prairie des seem to have been discontinued whil'e To F " I ^"■"'' " ■''"'"""*' '' " ^'^ «aye " does not Tonti, bavin, under his connnand a'l i t^W ^^il^r^" '" ""T'^: '''^ ''^^^^^ ^^ Lieutenant de Luth, a few years afterwirds L T'l / ■''*'^''°"^"' t'"'^''« 'n the winter of Ki.SO. The 20 dene, of the Commandant ^ Mi^;;:::;:;^:; ::^l Z^Z^^T """" ^^ ^"•'^^'"""- p.!^tK'^ may rather be eonsi.lered s^,^ " L e S [, ^^h "T"' '1 ""'"""'^- ^^"" ^innebagoes i"S" "^■^•- 0/- ^/,. ,.o,7,) These (the Fox Indian ) w e ^ tl^^^^^^^^^^^^^ T" .'""^."^ ''?""' "■'^^'"' '^'"'^ Propri^lors Captain Alorand, with the aid of ulw^^t^ch^T ' 1 "•"' ''^' ''"' '^'•"'^'' ^''""I- "-'- ■ ''''^'"I'I7^'*'"^"'«^^i''ter of 170C. at a place called "La Butte des Morts- A great proportion of^t ^mv rdl^oved i^ 7 "' ''''' '' ' ^'^^^^ '^'^^ fro.n the country. Upon this histoiieal fact is probi v ndcHl th V ' "'f ""'"■"^' '^"^' '"^"^ ''"ve of Green Bay accrued to the French by conquest! "^"'° "''""''^"'" ^'''"^^ ^''•^' '^°""t'- en try It hi very man ^X^'r;:rih^;:^:;r^:S^^^ and the whole French settle,.,enf T, l" f'!:' "'"'?" °^^'"•^ ^'^''^^O'. comprehending 30 the fort and the whole French sJttlen.ent. ^mnactT^o^uT"'!'''' -""try, comprenemling establish ; but having had access to but few books wlS t ea o he e" ,7" . '"'"f ' "'"" '"">' '' M could be obtained on the point, except th^ ab': ilt itu^''^ '' ''' ^"'"^^-^•^' ^ But, however this fact may be "La Bave" wn« ^ f h missionary establishment. untiUhe Canadas were CloTZ^^^^Ti ""V '""^'"''>^ ''°'^* -^"'l " equally well established, that the latter continu d ^ ol e t ^^ "" • '"'''• '* """'^ '^ ^^^^ to keep a nulitury force at Green Bav as a dep 1 J" , !n • '"; '''^"'"'"" '' '''' ^--^'T The same evidence which tends to eJtablish t e acHf l.e ,1" TT""' ""^^^ Michilimackinac Sinclair, by a Treaty holden in 1781, at Michilimack L'^ o tl ' "r Z ^'^'"^.^"-t-^'Overnor Patrick 40 also the further one of the purchase of the couil^;; ^f Gi^en Rw " '" ""'''"'' "'^'"^'"'^ The antiquity of this settlement beinrr in the view nf iU^ n ■ ■ and they being also satisfied (especially wh n the subielt '^ *'^^^°'"™«^'«"^••«. «ufKciently established, and^^e^natte^^ I, 4o., .o.^^^t ^t:^ :^ ^^Zl^^r^r..^ *Am. State Papers, Vol. V., pp. 283-4. 4' I mm 43 loil in depositions >ffic(\ Ik trait. ItJicf, Detroit. 'ouhtij of Brown, 10 tiie claims of its I'ly, tiio Cominis- J tlio Piairie des superintending a B;iye " does not 'lie ("Imvalier de r of KnSO. The 20 the suporinten- t, 'amies) seemed lie Winnebagoes han proprietors ch troops under t a place called nd many driven that the country 30 Pi'ie Roquette comprehending ; more fully to his country, no Indian title must bo considered to have been cxtiiii^iiishcil, little further, on tlie part of the Commis- flidiiers, seems reipiisite to elucidate the governing piiiieiples of their iliseussions ; a repetition here of the matter of their report of the Prairie des (jhiens claims can hardly lie esteemed necessary. It will be perceived that a few claims have been conlirmed at a place called the Kakalin. Tlioso claims are considered to have been comprehended within Ihi; seti ,. iiieiit of Green Bay. (See School- criifl, yOH). Those at the Portage lietween the Wiseoiisin and Fox Rivers have not been considered as comprehended within the limits either of tin; (ireen bay or Prairie des Chiens settlenients. AU of which is respectfully submitted. W.M. WoODlUUIKiK, 10 St'c. of Miiliifjan, ilENuy P. liiti'.vooin', lie;/, of the Land Office, Detroit. J. Keakslky, liec. of the Land Office, Detroit. ^ ( )NT.VI110 Al'l'liNlil.X. Soe. I. Frcniih rxiiiiiratiiini lliut lllttli' mi 'its. iJocumciite; i' Commissioners. Tlie following is part of the evidence appended to the Commissioners' report :— Tkuuitouv of Michigan, County of Cuawkord, ss:* Be it remembered, that on this day persoiinlly appeared before me, Isaac Lee, a Justice of the Peace in and for said (.'ounty, and Agent duly appointed to ascertain the title to lands at (Ireen Pay and Prairie du Chien— iJenis Courtois, of said County, who after being sworn aeeording to law, de- 20 po-seth and saith that he is tifty-two years old ; that he has been a resident of Prairie ilu Chieii twenty- nine years ; that according to tlu! best information that he has been able to obtain from the tradition of the inhabitants at Prairie du Chien, the old French Fort was burned during the second year of the revolutionary war; that be has no knowledge of any building or fence being erected on the same ground since that time, but that the land between the said fort ai\d the hills or bluffs was occupied liefore and since the time that deponent arrived in this country; thai Prairie du Chien has been formerly occupied much in the manner of an Indian village, the lands being alteriuitely in common, ami improved in detached parts as each should please, and this by the conmion consent of the villagers since deponent's arrival in the country ; that he (deponent) has been uniforndy told by the old French inhabitants of the Prairie, that it was bought and paid for by the French many years ago; that he has never heard any 30 Indian make claim to said lands. Denis Courtois. Sworn and subscribed before me, October 21, A.D. 1820, Isaac Lee, Justice of the Peace for Crawford County, and Agent. Miclii(,'an (^tiiiinission- I'l-s' rt'ijDrt on land titli'H ut (Iri'iii liiiy, 1S28. * Am. Stitu Papers, Vol. V., p. 284. iry post and a It seems a fact 3f the country iciiilimackinac. t-ernor Patrick 40 ens, establislies ;ly established, . the references ens), that the '■H I u. gi^torifal Sf,«viptionss of the ^oundariw of Canadu. 1. FRENCH DESCRIPTIONS. L'EscARnoT, 1G09. L'Escarlwt, an advocate of Paris, in his Ilistoirf de la Nouvelle France, puV^lished in 1C09, defines the boundaries of the French possessions in North America as exti'nding " on the West to tlie Pacific Ocean, on the South to the Spanish West Inilies, on the East to the Nortli Atlantic, and on tlie Nortli to tile Frozi'n Sea." Ont\iiio Al'I'KNJilX. H,v. II. Ui»tiirteal Difn-iiiliiint of litiiiwlaritl Kri'iicli DiMcriptionai L'Kauarbut, urn. Tin; Bauon La Hontan, ICSS-lGOl!. 10 Baron La Ilontan, wlKjse Memoirs of Travi-ln in North America* cinhraced the decade H^iron La between KIHH and l(i!t;{, siiys : "Ail tlu? world knows that Canada rcaclus from tlie .SOth to the (i.Uli iiisa-nio's. degree of North Latitinlc, that is from tin- South of Lake Kile to the North side of Hudson's Bay, and from the -S-ttli to the .'i.Stith di'grci' of longitude, \ iz., finm the River Mississippi to Cape Race. Were I to reckon in all the countries that lie in the north-west of Canada, I should find it larger than Europe^ hut I contine myself to what is discovered, known and owned — I mean to the counliies in which they have forts, magazines, missionaries, and small settlements." if I ■ti I Vaisette, 1755.t La Nouvelle France. — We comprise, under this general name, that part of North America VaUeUe,i756. situate between the 27tli and ')'>i\\ OxTAItlO Sir. II. Dtteriiilioni of Jiomiitiinrg II -ENGLISH DESCRIPTIONS. Ocjiijiy UN TtiE n()i;.NnAitii.;.s or (.'anada, Lahhaooii, ktc, 1671. • Hcvo J'u'.Uil'rv ?"'' "' !""' ";"•'•':"':''• ''^■^^^-" ""'J-»« <'"•'• ""■! Hu,|s.„.-.s Straight, Lctwixt fifty- uiK.iit til tj -four to fif ty -sc von degrees of northern latitutlo. Canada, on New Franck. t tr/v '^"';7^'\'"'« '" ^'^ 'n-t •ao.i.rn divi.sions. l.ath o„ the nu.tl. Terra (Jortcrealis, on .ov.nco, wh.el. remain yet u..,l..scovere,l, an,! w. .some {.lace.. .sprea-Is its..lf into la-^o lakes and o'irrph^e^ '"'"''""""'"' '''°"""' P-^'"-' <=""''^""'^« New France. L'A^oa.iie, Norumbega. 10 Capt. Votch, UtW, Captain Vktcii's DE-snuprioN ]7om, 20 Captain V..,,-!, (a British offieer, and at one tin.e Govornor of Nova Seotia), writin.^ iu 1708 Zin '; ;m r'T ;? '' ^•'-!'""^'^'I— -l ^tho French in North Au^ica, an-Fc.;!. < ^ alcon,>eh,.ndedun,erthc prevadn... nan.o of Cana.Ia, the .seat and re.sidence of their (iovernor ^ ":^d:f^?:r N r ^••^"^''^^^••'>' ^^^^^ ''- ^""^^'"" '^ ^-'" "--^ ^^ -^ ■-^•^ '=^titnd:;:i mouth ol la> M.ss,ss,,,in |i,ver, which falls into the Hay of Appalachio, in th,. (J.vat Bav of Mexico t tT:^ '' '^ f • '=7!";-'"-f "^ - '^ ^'-. t>-.- I-t of Newtoundland, the Lan,I o^ ^: to ^ : ,; i ;;■' unV t ^ '"" °" '•" "'■'''•^'' '''•"^'"•^'^ °^ ^-^^ Han,.hire, whoso boundary to tijo eastu ai d is thu little Kiver St. Croy (as the French allege.)" Salmon's Hiatory, 1743. EXTIUCTS FUOM SaLMON's MoDEUN HlSTOnV 1743 gQ this side tho?r'HiM,'''" ''T''•.'^' ^"r'^ ""''• "•"^•'^ "^'"'^ ■^'^'^'^ ^">' ^-"'>« '•^ t»'« n-tl> on tlu.s Mdc the pole till tliey were bn.ited (,n that side by an article in the Treaty of Utreclit which a,ss,gns New Bnta.n and Hudson'.s P.ay. on the North of Canada, to Great Britain. ^And it o. t on both sides afterwardsascorUined the H,„its,| by an iniagina.y line running from a cape or ; ZZ 1 etr f r '" ^.''^^''t'^ """""• 'f/'' ""•'' '^'^'"'^' "^"^' '->-« from thence south-w e. t o the Lake of Mis onsmk, or Mistas.sin and from thence further south-west indefinitely to the latitud of north o the .said hne bemg assigned to Great Britain, and all to south of the said line, as far as the 49 , all the land.s to the St. Lawrence, to the French. Nnv^K^r^'v" '^"""''[^••y "V^^'" J'"'''' "' ^•'"''^"' t'^<'-^^'-encirad,uit, are the Briti.sh plantations of Nova Scotia. New England, &c. ; the southern boundary, the line which divides New France from 40 Louisiana ; and to the westward, the French extend the country of New France as far .s the Fa d^c Ocean ; and the Asiatic continent of As ia shall be found hereafter to be contiguous to Nortli AmeriTa don r-fe."'' wl:1^-9: 139.""'' '""'^""" "' ^'^ ^^"^ wuHd-witi:;;;;^s;7d^;i,^^^ Labmd^J""'"""''""'"'^^''''"'^"^' ^"^'^ ^"'^"'^''' N- Brittany, New Britain were given to a certain part of. I This is an error, though the statement seems to have been genoraUy beUeved. • } rii< aii,'lit, hctwixt fifty- n(l,...aiiil, aecoriliiii,' tlioii!,'li it hiitli not >va liiitatiTiiaf iiro Vt(;r Du V'lil iin.ler Canada, — lioH from 10 tains New '"'raiu'e iiailii li iiad a rii,'ht to eonlirni tlieiii, I shall readily allow their title to that piiit of Ciinada. Ihit iih to th« re>t of I'anadaand l.oiii.siatm, they eiiiiii' t have n ri'^dit to any part of thuni, notwithstandini^ the |iostt they have eri'edd on thoso rivera. The eastern side of the Mississippi is the ju'opcrty t f tliose Indians siiiijri.'t to (ireat jiiitiiin, and the westnrn side of it li#lonj,'s to the Indians wlio are under tht; tlomirdon of the Spaiiiaids ; and wi; find tli(! Spahiards asserting' their title to il hy diiuollsiiinL,' tie; forts of Mons. de Salle and Mons. d'llierville, ereeted on tlie West sidi' of tlif rivir, and liavr as much ri;;ht to demolish the forts the t'lcneh have 10 ereeted on the east side of it " And the iiror .'iImhiI (he l.oiindary line of ( 'aiiMda liavin;,,' heiu di'terniined, is rc^peated : "and it wm aj,'reed |;il I'tifthi | thai <'Miiiiiii^saire,:.< on the pari of tlreat IJritain and Kraine sh.>nld di'termiiie within n yearthi' limits to he lixed hetweeii tlie said I'.ay of Hudson and the piaees ap|MTlaininu' to the Kn-ni-h, whieli limits the suljeets of (Ireat liritain and Kranee were not to pass over to each other hy 'ii or land. And the commissaiivs dil aftei wards settle th^' limits liy an imnginary line, drawn from a piMniontory situate on the Atl.mlir Ocean, in oH' .'id', and riinniiit,' from thence south-west to th«' Lake of .Miseonsiid-;, or Mistnssin, and finm thence s'Ut)i-west, indeiiiiitely, to tlie latitude of 411; all the (•ountries to the nortli being assigned to tJreat lintuin, and all oil the south, bolwcun that line and the lliver of St. Lawrence or Canada, to l''rance." ONr.\iiin Am:Mii\. S-r. tl. .■/ ll'iitnitiirUi Kufc'li-li .1.- :..Ti|'iiiiim; Slim. Ill's lli»l..iy,1713. U f 20 writing iu 1708, ca, and commonly f their (lovernor- rth latitude to the soutli-wcst to the it Bay of Mexico, the island of St. 0, wlioso boundary 30 Is to the nortli on jf Utrecht, which nd Commissioners pe or promontory ice south-west, to to the latitude of line, as far as the .sh plantations of iavf France from 40 ar a,s the Pacific ) North America. gilby, Es(iuiro, Lon- « a certain part of fO Ji;ffi;uvs on tiik Enousii View of tue Boundaries of Canada, 17C1. For the English version of tlie boundaries of Canada, as given by Jefr-'rys, see p. 7^, ante. A further .icflrcrvK on thf> • 7. I 11 . fill . I • . 1 t \ /» II il /I liMUMiiaricH of quotation from his work may be here given : " Iho country suliject to loc ( lown ot 1" ranee on the ( im- camuiu.iTiil. tinent of America, which is larger than the Roman Empire ever was, in its most nourishing times, \n divided into two parts, the Northern, named Canada, and the Southern, Louisiana Under tlie name of Canada, the French would compreliend all that part of Nortli America situated between 40 and 55 degrees of north latitude," etc. (p. 1). 17G1. — "Canada, according to the English accounts, is bounded on the North by the high lands which separate it from the country about Hudson's Bay, Labrador, or new Britain, and country of the Eskimeaux, and the Christincaux ; on the East, by the River St. Lawrence; and on the South, by the .^oOutawai River, the country of the Six Nations, and Louisiana; its limits towards the West extending over countries and nations hitherto undisi av'ored." * jKFFEUy.S ON THE LIMITS OF LOUISI.VNA, 17r.Lt The Provineo of L-uisiana, or the southern part of New France, extends, according to the French ,i,.(Terj-B on tho geographers, from the Culi.h of Mexico, in about 29 degrees, to near 4') degrees of north latitude, on f',',,l^^^^f the western side, and to near 31) degrees, on the eastern; and from 80 to near 100 degrees W. longitude, i"«i' from London. It is boun led on the north by Canada ; on the east by the British Colonies of New York. Pennsylvania, Maryland, Virginia, North and South Carolina, Georgia, and by the peninsula of Florida ; on the south by the Gulph of Mexico ; and, lastly, on the west by New Mexico. It contains, projierly, the French settlements on both sides of the Mississippi, and is, by some, said to be the noblest 40 and ricliest province of all North America. • A Deacription of Now France ; or tho French Dominions in North America. By T. JefTeryB, Geographer to His Majesty, 1761, p. 1. + History of the French Dominions in North and South America. London : 1761 (p. 143). m!m»m-Mt,^.i-'^it^n - -1 - O.NTAHKl Ari'KNDlX. Sec. ir. Jlhtnricnl Jhtfi'rifitifmti vf Jiitunitaric Bonchetto on till' hiiiiiKla- rics (if I'piicr Canada, Iblj. 4S BOUCHETTE ON THE BoUNnARIES OF UPPEH CANADA, 181.3.* Tl..rrovince Of Lower Cana^la lir.s hetvveer, 4.V' and 52° N. Latitude, and 63° ami sr W Lom^i- tudo. ,u.a, y, ro.n Oreenw.ch. It is i„,»„ded on the north by the territory of the Hud.sons Bay i^oln- ^'Z^J^;''^^^:^---^^'^^-!;^^-;^^''y^^^^ which ..parates it fn..n ,T„p„r Canada i^^, 791 as f I .w "'m "^;' '"■••'"•'^"■^';"' '^y I'-l-'.ation in the Province on the l«th day <.f Novcn.ber. 1.9 ,a.f, I w.s:- rhonfollowsthedesc.r.pt...nfnMn the Proclamation, including the M-ords] "From the head .. the «aul al„„ fn,, /r , v i chotto, Surveyor-General. Loudon : 1815. (pp. 1-3, 589, 590 ^ ^^ "^'' ^^ "^^"'P'' ^""- Ill Sr W. Lon;,'i- ilsou's ]3ay Com- Caiifida as fixed ay of iNovcmbcr, 3 words] " From boumlary line of no to the utmost 1 bounded in tlie |() Iraiul or Ottawa ■ the territory of 3cn assigned to the Pacific and Ja hy Joseph Bou- III. perotcfrtluii'S in the ^ovth^^iViit aftcv the (tmm of €mnh. EXTRACTS FROM HENRYS TRAVELS IN CANADA AND THE INDIAN TERRITORIES, 1701-1770.* (1761.) Fort Micuilimackin'Ac was built by order of the Governor-General of Canada, and garrisoned witli a small number of militia, who, bavinLC ftuiiiiies, .soon became le.ss soldiers than settlors. Most of those whom I found in the fort had origimilly .served in the French army. The fort stanils on the south side of the .«trait which is between Lake Huron and Lake Michi^'an It has an area of two acres, and is enclosed with pickets of cedar wood (Tliaya occiiJi'iitdlis) ; and it is. 10 80 near the water's edn;e, tliat, when the wind is in the west, the waves break aj^ainst the stockaile. On the l)astions are two small pieces of brass English cannon, taken .some years since by a party of Canadians -who went on ;. plundering expedition against the posts of Hudson's Bav, which thev reached by the route of the River Churchill. il Within the stockade are thirty houses, neat in their appearance, and tolerably commodious ; and a church, in which mass is celebrated by a Jesuit .Missionary. The nmnber of families maybe nearly equal to that of liouses; and their subsistence is derived from the Indian traders who assemble here in their voyages to and from Mo-' '-eal. Miehilimaekiimc is the place of deposit and point of departure betwcM.n the l^jiper countries i the Lower. Here the outfits are prepared for the coimt.ies of Lake Micliigan and the Mississippi, Lake Superior and the N'ortli-WesI, and here the returns in furs are 20 collected and embarked for Montreal. Relieved as I now imagined myself from all occasion of anxiety as to the treatment which I was to experience from the Indians, I assorted m}- goods, and hired Canadian interpreters and clerks, in whose care I was to send them into Lake Michigan and the RiVKit St. PliiltliK, in the country of the Nadowcssies [Sioux]; into Lakk Suri;Rioi!, among the Ciiip[ieways ; and to the GuANi) PouTAtJi;, for the North-West. Everything was ready for the parture wiien new dangers sprung up and threatened to overwhelm mo. At the entrance of Lake Michigan, and at about twenty mil-s to the west of Fort Miehilimaekinac is the Village of L'Ariuik CrociiI':, iidiabited by a band of Otawas, boasting of two hundred and flftv fighting men. L'Arlire Croche is the seat of the Jesuit Mission of St. Ionack de Miehilimaekinac, 3Q and the people are partly baptized and partly not. The Missionary resides on a farm attached to the Mission and situated between tla; village and the fort, both of which are under his care. At noon three hundred troops of the sixtieth regiment, under the command of Lieutenant Leslie, marched into the fort; and this arrival dissipated all our fears from whatever source derived. Afti;r a few days detachments were sent into the Bay des Puans, by which is the route to the Mi.ssissippi, and to tlie mouth of the St. Joskimi, which leads to the Illinois. The Indians, from all quarters, came to pay their respects to the connuandant ; and the merchants des[)atched their canoe.s, though it was now the middle of September and therefore somewhat late in the season. The Village of L'Arbre Croche supplie.", as I have said, the maize, or Indian corn with which the canoes are victualled. This species of grain is prepai'ed for use by boiling it in a strong lye, after which 40 the husk may be easily removed ; and it is next mashed and dried. In this state it is soft and friable * Travels and AilveiitureR in CamulH nnd the Indian Territories, between the yonrs 1760 and 1776. By Alexatidor !fr.r,rv, Mr.,., ].{>. 39, -10, 46-7, 51-3, 58, 105, 186, 191-3. 195-6, 214, 218-19, 237-H, 244, 252-3, 255, 259 61, 264 5, 26S, 27-2-3, 314, 317, 310-22, 327. t)NTAK10 AlTKNUlX. Sec. in. Prncfrilintfg in till- Xiirl'h- Wtut aJtfT the Cession travt'fii, 1701 177«. K m sn Ontario Am'e.vi Canwla. L^m'.lx. '"'.''^ "^°' '^'^'^ allowance for each man on the voyage is a quart a clay ; and a bushel, with two pounds SerTll "'" 1^''^'P''^''^''^ ^^^' ''^ I'^^ckoned to be a month's sulisisteiice. No otlier al!o\vanc(! is made of any kiml ; not PrH.n,. .n '''> ' / ''^ lesi-n u, l.uld.njr this houso vvas to prevent the Indians from dealin^r with the Canadian t^tl'tt^. '"''•■'=''''^"^'^- ">'^' t'^ "'-•'"-^'-- tl.em to go to Hudson's Bav. ° Canadian """^ Pon/tuh'tu"''rt'!7n '" ^'^"«^^r^;-^°^^ ^'' ^-'"tte ,oin, with Ibur to Fort des Prairies ; Mr. ^ Hbr diJ K . , n I'-n '"m-^" •'""^''^^ "" •'"'""= ""'■ ''''■'' -J --t-i"^ together. We .stttiul lo> the Knor Churchill, or Missinipi. to the east of Beaver Lake, or Lake aux Gistorn Cur fu-.t objeet, .fter crossing Beavkr Lake, was to procure foo.l. We had onlv three davs' s^ock .v,nai„.„g, and w. were orty-threo persons in nun.bei. Our forty men were divided i to hr narU s 1,. S e' r.t r\r""-V"'"'"'"'^' '^"^''^'-'•'- '^'^>^ '^--^l I-'ty -- -ployed in b ild Zou IZoM i'n' "'"'''';" ''"'''-^"'""""^ ""■•^^^^'^ commodiously lodge.. Indeed we li.a e ?" W; i>l i h r 'T'T'f '^' ' ^"•'"'''^^"'-^ appearance. In front was the house designed »rovide7!;L'^r-"r "^"V^"' °V'""'"'-"' ^ ''^^" *■"'• •^"•- ^"••^' °" '^'^■•'^'^'- ^^-'^'-*. attended by two men and " ndHou T. ""f " 'T" "•^'' ^'" ^'" ^""^^'' "f the month we arrival at Cum r '""'' """'' J ''° "^''fc •""'■•"%' [-'thT I to„k leave [for F.Mtr des PRAnnE.s ] .ro»m/.'Mr^''r'"l'';'"r; ^'■•"'"'"' ''"■■' "" '^"'' ^-"^'^ ^•'■'^''^^^ ^^-^ "- *««• '/-^ ^^^'^ wintering ou ; ov r . wo f "';"' ' L- "^"^'^b^f^- -« -^'^'» «»*-• t'- prairies or plains, and on examining ^^7::z li;:':;:;^^::^^ ""• ^^-^ '''-' -''- -- - ^"^ -'^-- -- - ^^^ travelled, i travels, iroi-collectclbf.ro ,.vn„. I 1 n- /• , . , quantity of provisions which I found o of be so fa if tr'"''^"^ u '''''V"' '""'""■^'^^ '"''"^'^ ^ "°^'""- I" -^ '-^Pl --' fifty ton ot h..et, so fat that the men could scarcely lin.l a .sufficiency of lean caiefuily shut every evening, and has usually from fifty to eighty men for its defence ' Bv M j2,r r ^. , "■"'"■' ' '""""" ■" "•'"'"'S-l>™«««. ■■"'•> "-Lich i, „.M at its mouth i«ti. with ,i. c.„..i.,„, .„a a,i „„„?„ia;'i::';„ t'p'^„7:;rj;"''tr «::'«*: .lay .0 ,.,«.h,.,l ,h., R.„i„e J„ Se,pe„t whieh i, „,„p„. ■ : , ,. 3„o'„,ili ta, t^r toinVlf .! I.,"" ™ ^# fill fioy Islands, and •catcd with much ith the Canadian ies Prairios ; Mr. Fessis. FroViisher i tofjether. We 'astors. ;ln'ee days' stock tito tlireo jiarticH, 10 u<,rh to allow of in building our ndi'cd, we have le such as really 2 house desijrned ted on each side ly two men, and cd at ('umbcr- 20 old wintering ■/ des I'rairiea. I on examining luid travelled, a s, who covered which I found leap I saw fifty or Sascatclii- 30 'eet below the good stockade tes, which are lut fortunately the skins and 3 reached our iiLL, where he 49 s Bay, of the ve found Mr. in Hudson's '. at its mouth. le Indians to it 400 miles, ncow (called irked on the On the fifth ry of departure. We conilnuod our voyage until the 24th, when we saw a number of canoes filled with Ontario Indians Wo proposed to tliem to return with tlieiii to mir furt, wiierc w<' were providi/d with — largo quantities of Rucli goods as thev wanted. yv'«<,v/i».;9 in Ihi iXiirlh- On the 25th of Juu'j we embarked, witii all tbf Indians in our company, and continued our voyage We^tufurthc 1 ,,, ,., ., . till !■ 11 Cinitinn 0/ day and night \\ e reached our hou.so on the i-^t nl July. Canadn. Mr. Frobislier and myself left the remainder of dur merchandise In the cure of Mr. Thomas Frobi.-iher, who was to jnoceed with them to Lidte Arabuthcow. i r. m EXTRACTS FROM CARVER'S TRAVELS, 17C6-8.* The latter end of July, 1 arrived, after having coasted through West Bay, at the GRAND Poutagk, 10 which lies to the nortli-west borders of Lake Superior. Here those who go on to the North- West Trade, to the Lakes DePluie, Duiiois, etc., carry over their canoes and luggage about nine miles, till they come to a number of .small lakes, the waters of .some of which descend into Lake Superior, and others into the River Bourbon, Lake Superior, from West Bay, is bounded by rocks, except towards the south-west part of the bay where I first entered it, there it was tolerably level .... Here I met a large party of Killistinoe and Assinipoil Indians, with their respective kings and their families. They will come to this place in order to meet the traders from Michillimackinac who make this their road to the north-west. From them I received the following account of the lakes that lie to the north-west of Lake Superior : Lakk BorUBON, the most northern of those yet discovered, received its name from tlic French .20 traders who accompanied a party of Indians to Hudson's Bay soiul years ago ; and was tlius denomi- nated by them in honour of the Royal Family of France. It is composed of the waters of the Bourlxiu River, which, as [ have before ol)served, rises a great way co the southwanl, not far from the northern heads of the Mississippi. This lake is about 80 miles in length, north and south, and is nearly ciicular. The land on the eastern side is very good ; and to the south-west there are some mountains. In many other parts there are barren plains, bogs and morasses. Its latitude is between lift.y-two ami fifty-four decrees north, and it lies nearly south-west from Hudson's Bay. As through its northern situation the weather thcn'o is extremely cold, only a few animals are to be found in the country that borders on it. Lakk Winnipkck, or as the French write it, Lake Ouinipi(iue, which lies nearest to the foregoing, Kxtracta from is composed of the .same waters. It is in length "JOO miles, north and south; its lireaiiih has never tnivels, IVGO- .J,, been projieily ascertained, but it is supposed to bo about 100 miles in its widest part. This lake is very full of islands; these are, however, of no great magnitude. Many considerable rivers empty themselves into it, which, as j'ct, are not distinguished by any names The land on the south-west part of it is very good, especially about the entrance of a large liranch of the River Bourbon (Assiniboino), which flows from the south-west. On this river there is a factory that was luiilt by the French, called FoUT I.A Rkixi;, to which the traders from Michiliinackinac resort to trade with the Assinipoils and Killistinoos. To this place the Mahahs, who inhabit a country 250 miles south-west, come also to trade with them ; and bring great quantities of 'Indian corn to exchange for knives, tomahawks, and other articles Lake Winnipcck has on the north-east some mountains, and on the east many barren i)lains. 40 On the waters that fall into this lake, the neighbouring nations take great numbers of excellent furs. Some of these they carry to the factories and settlements belonging to tha Hudson's Bay Company, situated above the entrance of the Bourbon River; but this they do with reluctance on several accounts; for some of the A.ssinipoils and Killistinoes, who usually traded with the Company's servants, told me that if they could be sure of a constant supply of goods from Michillimackinac, they would not trade anywhere else. They showed mo some cloth and other articles that they had pur- 17C8. *TriitvhthroHeir attaeh- was ly depreciating on all occas w t O ^^ ' then- good „,,nnon in behalf of their new employers, -"1 In.n. this, doubtless, did tl " Ssf < ti^L^^ ^"'"'."^'V'"'"':- ^" ^'''^ ^''^■>' ^^ -'"■'' -^^-J'-'d But another reason au^nnen d t ^ ' t'.o Assnnpo.Ls and Killistinoes expressed partly proceed. factories, which, they inh.r, n too Ith uV "''" °' '''"'' J""'"'^- ^'' ^'^ ^^"<1-"'^ ^^^^ and iron, the s.nallness of tl i no stt ^t/M n l"" ""'"•' "' '" """"'^"- ''^"^ ^'^ ^^ ^''^ -^•- So that it is not to be wond red " t at th T .'^"•'■^,"'°!''; ^"'"^ ^ ^^""1 "^ t'- beavers they killed, aniong then. . . . ' ""^ ^'"^'^^ ^'^''"^"■^ '^''""l^l ^"•^5' ^ have traders conic and reside Cana? ^-nch always kept a sn.all schooner on Lake Superior whilst they were in possession of "f^^.^- the ^:::7^:':::;z'^:iT'' ''° ';' f ^ °" ^^^ --"^ ^^^^^ -^^ «'^-^ -« ^^ -ned ^o Iri«:'^'^'''''Chipeways,inhabitin:"llak f t e 1 " '- ' ^"'"^"'l"^'""' ^^■'-'' l^'''^ ^o a band of the sou-'ce o/ which is si; : d V la r J r mV t r ''"■ ^'^'•'"'"' '■" ^•— — ^^-k., the Hver. which en.pties itself into tl ba It a f^^i T' ^^^'T . "? ''^ '"' ' ^'"'■' '-'"''■'^"'^ ^" ^""^''- that a party of Vrench fron, Alic 11 a^t „V ! '^ ll^'^' V "' '°'"^""-" '' ^^^'^ ^'^^ ^''^^ P--g« Queen A.nio. Havin.. takou an 1 d >v " ,"'' ^^''^'^'^^'^'^ «'" tli='t society in the reign of tI.on, to the fortress i^on. ^h ^ ^i^:'^^^^' ' '"""'if ^'" ^"""" "'''^'' ^'^^ ^^-^ "' tills present tin.e. ^ ""'^ ' ^^"''' ''''' ''''^^^ ^'^^^ V^^'^^^, «nd renmiu there to conn:!;.!;: ^z:::^^^!^^j:::j;:z:'r - '--' '-' -'-- ^^^ -- ^-" ^"-. keep po.ssession of it. '"' ''^''' ^'■"^- ^ Proprietor of the soil, is still pcrn.itted to 30 cultivation of wheat. Luh Ir'tu; ndT" ''"^ ^'''- TT''^'^' f'"'"^ '"'"^ ^''-^^^ ^^ ^^^ subnntted to the English Covornn^ent after ijn ^ '"f ^'^'^-"ts. who are chiefly French that attentive to the Ind^n trade uZTf£:i.^T^::X ^JlZT '' """'"'^ ''''''"'' ''' '^^ ORIGIN AND PROGRESS OF TME NORTH-WEST COMPANY OF CANADA • S-"- Lake, where they continued till ^ii: 'r l^f iSf Z^r^j; ^.^I- ^ ?^--^ rpln;^ '- Lake, where they contin ^d t^ ? ZZr\^T , '::'"' ^"' ^ ''^^ "'^'"^ ^^ ^^ ^^^^ as the Rainy '""• Indians. This evJnt and the J ia v r 1 ; ■ j; Tt f° ^"'^^ '' Mi'^'Lili-kinac was taken by the of U.e trade ; and it was not till the ZX^tjl^ ::Tr:::'^ ^^^'""^^ ^ ^-'PO'-y suspension of the trade ; and it was not till the yea 1777 1 11.' '™'"'"' ' '""''"'"-^ "•^'"^"•^'""'^ Saskatchewan, on which river the most r, ""V f ! , "'^''^'^''^ °'^^ progre.ss of the fur traders the iteiorir " f""''' ^"'^'^ "'-^^ ^''"'^^«^- ^he subsequent them, ana the success the; ^ iiuir:!^^:!^:;::^:^::- f "^ "'^"'^ '' ^-'^^^^ 55 ley liad boon greatly opinion. But this C'iiriailiaii tr.idrr.s ; liorougli kiunvledye tur tlie reduction of ± tW'j vvcro tlioni- >< fiom tlioir attach- licir now onijjloyers, aiitai,'os that would 10 too wull HUeci'L'dL'd ssed jiartiy inocoed. the Hudson's Bay t to go and return, beavers tiiey killed. ;rs conio and reside e in possession of dcs; one is called 20 to a hand of the COOTON IllVKU, the ;arriage to another IS hy this ])as.sage i-'ty in the reign of ieh they found in J remain there to name from them, still permitted to 30 with settlements i proper for the eHy French that L.mherst, are more ^NADA.* few English and rth as the Rainy 40 as taken by the Jrary suspension Lffic as far as the The subsequent aus to deal with iported efforts of d of Indians, or 11, pp. 4-10. on some spot favourable to histrafTic, heard in the course of it, of Indians sti'l more remote, among ONT.xnio whom provisions might be obtained and trade pursueil, with little danger of competition. To the n.'.ighbourhood of these he removed, and, while he was suffenid to remain alone, generallv preserveil „''"''■,. " . (rood order and obtained the furs at a reasoruible rate. But as every person had an e(iu:il riglit to sell ihr y^nh- goous at tiie same place, the Inst disciiverer ot an eligible situation soon saw lumselt tollowe ! liy oilier (■,.«,,,/, „/ traders who were ready to undersell him, with a view to reap the harvest wdiicli he had sown at so ' """''^ much peril, .and with so much ditliculty. Thus eircuinstanced, ho, in his turn, resoiied to every means for securing to himself the [jrelereiiei; of the Indians and for injuring his competitor. Tliis conduct provoked retaliation. 'J'iie Indians were bribed with rum, and the goods were bartered away for a 10 consideration below th>'ir value. The conseipience was that the tiaders ruined each other, the Indians were corru]ited and the Knglish character brought into contempt. In the struggle innumerable disonlers took placi', and even blood was often spilt ; till at length, after a competition injuii(jus to all parties, mutual interest suggested the necessity of establishing a common coi:cern, subject to general rules. Accordingly, in the year 1779, the persons composing nine distinct interests, became parties to an agreement for one year, by virtue of which the whole trade was rendered common property. The success which attended this measure, led to a second and nearly similar agreement in the succeeding year, and to which a further duration of three years was given. As the parties to this agreemeit were less anxious, liowever, to fulHl it while it lasted than to prepare themselves for the event of its termi- nation, and fir the conse(pieiit return of things to the original .state of competition, all the benefit that °|'^f;,'",,.'J"''f 20 was exjieeted from it was not obtained, and at the end of two years it was renounced. The separate tlii'"N"rtli- trailers renewed, fur a time, their feeble ami unprofitable efforts; but the value of the principle, upon ,,a!iy. which the two agreements had been founded, was generally acknowledged ; and in the year 1784, to avoid the evils which then threateneil the British subjects engaged in the fur trade, a third agreement, for five years, was entered into by them. The association of the traders, parties to this agreement, assumed the name of the North-Wost Company; and the compact was renewed, from time to time, till the year 1X02. when a more permanent one was executed, for twenty years from 180-*!. The trading body thus constituted, is the present North-West Coinpany of Canada. The disorders incident to competitions in the trade, that is, to departures from the fTrinciple upon which the company was established, are manifest from the history of the Indian Territory dining the 30 ye.ars 1«02, 180" and 1801., in which period they became the object of a parliamentary proceeding.* So numoious were the acts of violence then committed (the recurrence of which is only preventeil by the existence of the present comimny), that, in com|iliance with a petition from Canada, the Legislature of Great Britain was induced to pass an Act by which the whole of the Indian Territory was placed under the jurisdiction of the Courts of Justice in Upper and Lower Canada ; in order that, the perpetra- tion of crimes in those countries should be restrained by the terror of a contiguous tribunal. 40 EXTENT OF COUNTRY WHICH THE NORTH-WEST COMPANY OCCUPIED.f I Mr. David Thompson, astronomer and surveyor of the North-West Company, commenced in 179C Extent of to survey the positions of its posts, some of which had been placed as far south as the source of the oc™,,!?,! hy Mississippi, or even further, when that point was supposed to be the northern bontidary of the United \v','i,^Com- Statcs. But when th(! 4!)" became the northern boundary line, it was necessary to ascertain what ]iost3 i'a"y- were on the south of it, as the Company would be required to vacate them. Mr. Thompson liad previously been in the employ of the Hudson's Bay Company ; but the aversion of that organization to new discoveries caused him to accept employment under the North-West C^ompany, when his first engagement hud expired. In the summer -ji 170.5, he had, with no other aid than that of two young Indians, who knew nothing about the country to be travelled over, and one Irishman, made his way from the shores of Hudson's Bay to the east end of Athabaska Lake. He has left behind him a manu- script, giving an account of his travels when he 'determined the position of the North-West Company's Dosts ; and it is of great importance as showing exactly what extent of coimtry was still held by that 111: * 43 Geo. III.,c. 138, 1803. + From " All IiiveBtigation of ths Unsottlotl Buundarics of Ontario," by Charles Lindsey, pp. 225-245. «1 .56 , ,..,.,, .„ M,r> .J „f (l,„ country, „„ accminl of U,. j;r.-»t i,n,,„,to„.-« of tl,e .obj.clj <'l Mil, II ,,( Vmifuitt. 1791. I sliall follow Mr. conncctfd with this official Extent of fi Mill try o«ii|.ipi| liv the Xorth-" West Cdiii- piiiiy. th.- rthk'ntlt y';^ f""; ^"'"'::r^"'/^^- ''■'""">-'» -- informed by a lett.,- from Mr. Josc,h Cok.„ AIcKr.Mv;,. ,v„. ■""- ".-'-"^■'^ "f the (ompany. the Hon. William MdJillivray and Sir AlexamltT '«co,nc,si„cctl. V "l]7;,o",'V"7' "' ""? »""'l'''. ■•'"■1 »l«. to tl,o *,• of north l.lilo.lc, l-i... to tl,o l,c.,l of ' L „i .n . I , M T *■ '""""'"i"'' i" li«' •"■ ■■' !"■» '"»" tl,o f„„„„ ll.« L„kc of tlio w" 1 Ih- i' 1 t".-tr.,.lo,». a,i,l „.. »„„,„.„! l„ k n„.u„.r „„,.,l, ,| , „ ::=ro/r;i::-::r;-p''f-^ or tho cano..-mf.n which r'n! . . "^ ^"'''" ^"' '^''^''"'^'''■^ ^'•^'" ^'>« suppo.sitiou.s leagnas , sent aTpv i map . S r ''1';) 7 ! "''^" ""' V"'^ "'"^^ ^■^^''' ^''"^ "^^^-''"^ ^'^ -'M^any '" onehundredndl f t^ Pk^^^^^ west end of Athabaska Lake within le.ss than ti.eCWpany to determine :;:etu:Zrv'y""''°^""'"''^^^ ^'^ ''''''''' ««^«~^ -^--' of a^^^'rf nnlhrnZ In "'" '"^ ^' "^'"^^"^ ^"'•'°™''''^ "'*^ •^"'>'- ^^ ^^^ -'^ ^ boy. fifteen years on:;e;r:::::a;hL;x LEr ':::r:^T' Trr r^-^^°^^^ ^^"^'•'- '^-^"^ ^^ down tho ,su,t to a chalk line a v li I w f , '-'.T '' ' "'^ "'"'' '"•■^°™"^'' ^'"^ ^^^'-^^ "^ bringing The result of entru.stin,. d .^ a iri "'';"'' '"■'"""'""' ^""'"^'''^'^ f'"' ^'^^ ''"*>' -I--^: from the colonial 0.e: the rJ::-r:fL^t J:;^-::-^ ■M ■ " »- «... „,.,, .-X'. „. >' ■■ ■"■ »"■■ ,.-...:::;,.;;::;■'■ z:^;.::^^-'^-:'":; —■ "■■■ ■»«- """!:!l .■...,! ..o,.fai,H numv l.,u . Its a L ' 1 ' l.o / ?! " ^^ '' '^ Mii'ty-tw,, m,„1 a-half „.ilos long. tl.e groat alluvial, ' "''""''' '^'•^" "^ ^"''""^^' ^ ^''^' ^^'^'^t^''"- "f lim^-tone, touch oa n , J.as .,an.to, greenstone an.! day slate on the north and the east. nip.... riv^it x^:;:::::,::nr tr^tr ^7 """"■^^-'-" ^^-^'-' '-'" ^^^« ^vm. ''-t>-t-o falls and so UcarLhtr'^"w ^''''"'' ^"'''^'"■^ '-">' '■^'-- -"' '- iHU.Iredanatwentv-fiv ile t,/; • ^r^'^"''"'^'"' t'"-^''-"t its whole eotu.e of one o...npanyhadatr^,i„gd:;::-.,;;^,t;jr;:;:^.!::^^^^ 4(J north, longitude 95' r,H' 34" wrst varinti .„ i ^'^"^'"" ''''*' '"^''"^'^ '^0" 37' the aggregateingth of tne .'.;•;;;:: •'::;;;;!r :•;:"■ ''''-'' '"- ^^"^ -^ - -— '-^''^^■^:^i^^^^^^^ --'• •icH in fur-hearing,o ioodprodueing anin.als, l.,.t fj^v dtlt^ en^ ^ ' ^J ' r"'"" T"'' '^'^''^^ ^"^ ^"'-^-'''"^ - chief n.eans of M.l.stanee frou. the u-at' ' /, ^^ V?' ";'''' ''^^' ^'' Chippeways, drew their PHneipal kinds of fi.sh fou d he ^^ .iip ," T"' ^^'"'^-"■^''■. I'"^^'- "'a<^kerel, and earp being the were brought in eanoes fron. t e ison , tn iT "" '!" .""''°"'^"' ^'"P"^ "^ P^^-'^^-''^' -''-'' Saskatchewan, and di.tribut ^ ^ \ ^ ^7'' ^^' *'" ^°'-''>) ^^'^ *'- Winnip,.g. Jlod i;iver enters the htl a rS/ ? . ' * " ''''''"' ^^■'"'^^""» P^'^^*-'^^ "" ^^^^ke i'. latitude :.;} .Kr 4.V, l^n.-ilndo -J,S 31 w ""''tl'^west corner of the lake the Saskatchewan, n,any le..- strean.s ...h ^. tl.c el d :,: ,r:::r Th ^ "' ''^ T"'"'' ""''; ^"'^ '^^---'e. for fur- traders. From Winnine.r Hon • . fl i 7 "^ "■''^''''' '''"■" valuable as highways.-, which runs norU. Udr 3^ ;. ::t^ • '" ''T'' T\ "' ^.^^'^^^^^--n. the western co^t uL, '' iong..r. being about tw^nuJr: U .^^^^ /r, J!' trl;: ?'':;r°"" f'*^^ = ^'"^ "''^'^^ «'^« ^« The area of this lake, with its islands iC.ll;, "'f' 'f "^''^''" ^'"'^ ''^ '^^"^"^ forty-tive n.ile.. -und the l.ke are n>u.posed t ',:, M "^ 3 "'vt!"" ^""'^ ''''''■ ''''^ ^^""^^ '^'^ abundant, b„t the waters abound with go:;, ti'l, " '^■''"'"' '''^"" ""'• ^^''^'- '^"'"'-'^ --« .ost;^'io:t;'::eS.::.::;;:.:^;;r'- ^ ^i^ 1...... shores of the h.ke. course, in a straight line Wis north 4' J ■ '. " "'""^^ "' ^^"^ ^^"P^"" l^iver. The up the Dauphin River. ;i:h ; Inlt th 1 ' ^ ,'"'"• "^' ",'' ^-'"^>'-von miles. He then proceeded Both the soil and the ;ind.:;':t^,r'';^ ^ '- /J-P. and runs through'a forestry Tl.e gen, raleourse for the first dghtL;::?^::,;;::::'^^ ^^^ -'^ ^^-ver wore scarce. '--. This brought hin> to the Meadow (^trryi, ! P ij^ tw H "'" '"!" '?"" '"'■"'""" '" *'"^ long, which took him to Lake Winepa^os ( e 1 itUe st ' Tn" T" ''""^''■'^'' ""' "■^'>' ^'-^'-'^-^ lake by eontinuing on the river bu iT w! •? ^" "''' '''"''" ^'''^» Pmcticable to reach the On this lake he .^nt a dist^ n ' i v.; ,rV •;"" ""^ '"' '^""" ''" -rrying-place to be preferred. >-'l^ wide and three deep, and w ie , i tt ':;'"'^" ""Y? '^ T"^" '''''''' «"'^ ^^^^ ^^^^^ Kxtent of ciiuntry "tcHiiieci tiy tlio X.iTth- Wi'st C.ini- I'ftiiy. lilt twi) huiiilrod ■fji^ti'n, till," nativoM -half to till' Laki' tion l.ut tho rock fi-lmlf iiiilos loiij,', iiilcs, over wliieli estoiic, touch oil It Iins lici'ti t}u> Hritain and tlie 10 first that having he east. into Lake Win- y i.slL'-<, and has e eoiuso of one tliu North-VVoHt latitude 50" 37' re so numerous, I in fur-liearinj,' 20 r fur-liearinff or lys, drew their earp liein^ the •ovi.sion3, which "^orth) and tJie )laces on Lake [Touse ; further Saskatchewan, is lake receives i as higliways 30 tern coast line, tfestern side is irty-five niiloa. rjie woods all animals were s of the lake, I lliver. Tho hen [iroceeded 'ugli a forest. 40 were scarce, rnings in tlio d si.xty yards 3 to roach the be preferred, about fifteen He was now beginning to North-West jjq ere but two I is 1 faniilieM of the nalivt^ irilir {<< wlioin tlm- lately come from the south, tlwir own tninitrs 1 .'!• Hllltlll IIU •Natl atli:iwa\ ■ rill,' i'\li:m ,t. 2' .')»' 7", longitude l(l-J .'12' 27 , on a curse north ten degrees Kast, a distance of one hundred and c|t\ in mil.s in a direct line, the tiavelle,! distance, owing to tlie(/»7o((c.>i occasioneil by thi' beaver ]Minds, being one hundred aiel ;it'ty miles, These aniiiuils held full pON,ses.sion of the country; but they were being rapidly destroyeil. All these ir.iding-liouses of the North-West Company were on the south side ,,!' the riiii„'i' of hills wliii'h b(,rder,,n tlie great plains. Thcsecountries were the hunting grounds of the .Natl la way' Indians. Mr. 'ih..iiip,son wa«; di-.app'iiiite(| in not finding numerous mineral springs in a country having such variety nl hill and iilain, fire.st 20 and prairie ; lieyond tho .saline brooks of the lied l.'iver, iVi.ni wliieh even tlien ^alt wa^ oliiained liy evaporation, he learneil of none. The Nepiasings, Algonquins, and hoi|uois, theii own cuuntries being exhausted of animals, sjoead themselves over this country, with destructive mar< li. as far as the beaver was concerned, northward and westwanl, meeting no molestation from the native Nathaways. The Chippeways and other tribes used the fatally baited steel-trap. The bait was riistorum, ami was quite irresistible. While the great beaver harvest lasted, the Indians were rich ; and they all, men, women, and children, made a barliaric display (jf their wealth, in the u.se of silver bi'ooehes, callings, wampum, beads and other trinkets. They wore tine scarlet cloth mantles, and sported othei' absurd lineries in dross. The canoes of the I'ln- traders were loaded with beaver packs ; and the supply outran the demand so far as to Ining down tlie 30 price in the London market. But neither the intlated prospeiity nor the e.xcess of [irodiietiou eoulil last long. Over countries of such vast extent as these, four years sufficed almo.st to cnmiilete the work of destruction. The Indians fell back into worse than their original poverty. Mr. Thompson procee to ,1... vulue of foWy (o sixty , J-v,*^ »h.« . ,, ,, ,h, „• ,„,,^, ^ ^ J;' ^ ^ - -.;-. ,.,.,I M... ./„.on.,.„. with on., ,1,.. Li wl.on. «.„«.f,H. an, ko,.t ,, their c.,.r.u.ni>n.ent T L ^ ■ ' '" ""'" *'''""' "'" ■""""■ ''"'-'^ »-y A«- thirty tluee day. trnvel wit t. "" """"■''' "^""""^' '« party ..iT,..,, ,t the vilh.,e of the Fall In ii; 7 ^ 7 'r , '"^ '" l'""^'"' '""" '"^'i'^' '"<'i-^ tl-e travelled n. ti.„, ,... bein. two hu...l,o.l an. I eM.tv lil.. ' "'"'• '"'" "''' ''• ^''^' -''«'<> ^''^t-- t..o ;^-?^^^^ -V. .„. f..,n. t li., ,a..ti. .. much „« the ,non helon.in, t.. Mr. 'J h.lnms l^^f^J^T"^ ^''" "'"""-^ '" ^ '-■--'■'^' -.^-n ro,n t,a.k.rs th.,v ha.I uu-t at a di.stnn.o fro. ,, ,',,;? ''"'"'f' ^ "'^'^ ^'•^''3'. tl'.'X ..Uaino.l them .-i any substantial occupation of this ,,„rt of t lo e-n tn^ ' Tl ." T' '"'''' "'"^ "' '^ ^" I'""^' to be. ,at. 47; 17' 22'. Ion,. .0.^ ,4' !>4". vIhIZ::' S^;^ i:'?:;^"""^^ of ,heMan,lan. wa«tiund 20 .^ -':-ir;i:;:^^^^^^ ^ t "-- ^-'•'- ^> -• — -^y o .taine.I. the cou,.o to tho Do,. To J i fjT 'uT^''"'' "''"" ''"■' "'"' •^''^■"^■■' -"'< alo„ be e iw of the Moose River. n..t^^;;;:.^';,^:^^-;:f'^^ 'j-t -. «ay „,,. ; ,„.,, J,;;^ H.ll. north n.n.. .le-.ee.s West, fourteen mile.s •" le Le to L A 1 i'"' "'" '" ''"" ■^""^'' ""' "^ '^'"-t'" degrees We.st. twenty-four miles- thence to tl' * / ' ^'"""'^' "" ^'""''^'^ ^^ivr. "<.rth three forty-five mile.s. A^straight line^ e Jn th tl '^l' ''''• *'^''"""' "'"■^'' «-^y--'- <"^"c at Ea.st.^one^hun.lred an.l eighty-eight ndi: ""- '"'^ "^'■^""' P"""^ -'"''' -" -rth twenty-^ix degie^a y>^^. 'H3"n.rH!'!rZse w^',:^:'''" *^^-«'~ical observations n,a.le in the l.te ,o ^ongitude m^ 27' I.V'. variati..n eleL dt:'!^^^^^^^^^ "^ observation, found to beinlatitude J^^^' On tlie 2Gth Febrnarv 170S Mr ti " •y three Canadians and an Indian gui.le^nd T' I '^^"^ "'^f "'•"^y «f «»rvey. He was aecompani,., ^a^gage. The course was son,eti„,e,s'on t h ce ^M 'e'^^t': T , "i;. '"''^ '"'^'" "•'^'' I-'--- -d n.o,s ly on tho north .side. In the afternoon ho Man to' H 'T' '"^' '" ""'"'' '^'^ -'"''i"^-. ^nolls steep on the west side,, sloping n.ore -.a. uallv on " T° '"'''"'""'^ ''"- '"" '■'''"- "^ ■^■''- an. retaMung no snow .luring the whole win"tc^ wP . , ' ^"■'''''"- ""'>' ^ '"^^ I»^t<^''es of grass and lix that idea in the nanut E.vc p tlTe "a, l' '"'';:'''^"<''"-«° ^''« I-nHans regard as preternat, 1 t.on of Uje Moo. River, about h.fV^d^^i: uiS;!!^:!! ^^ ^^^ «-' -1-^^^'^^ the j,.::! ,0 As the jour/.ey proceeded day after ,?nv t>, " -sy task to beat a path for the dts a d Ss tl""" T '"""' '" ^"''"^^^ '" ^^P^h, and it was no at every step. The gui.lo beean.e ^f^ gt^^J^.^Zltr ' f''^ 'T'^^' ' '^'^ ^^"^"^ ^ '^^ On the 7th March he arrive.! „f fl • . ''*'''*''''"^ '^° '^^ t^"'^"' '"^'■'•« every .' ■ longitud.. .7", variation 1 d^ d ^t ^rZ :^''Z''''T ''''' '''' ^--- ^ ^-^.de 4^5^ r and twelve „dl. ; the windings^f tht riter are mo^'IC'th " T" '^ "''^*^' «"" ''''■ "^ ^-"^-l' travelled was one bun.lred and sixty-nine miles ^'■'^ '™*^' '^"'^ ^'^^anee. and the dist^mce On the 7th Ma)c^- 1.708 Mr TK i i • I tJis; m?vrii Fioncli ;;i(iUist irijoyiiu.nfc . All tllf.Hl., oXfCjlt own nccount, t ich le of furfy to sixty 111 trinkets to \ny ivitli one, til,. |,|,,„ ' r.vtliin;; wn.s now Nliini' Imli.in.s, \,y 10 I'o, ami soinoliiiioH 'indin^ cliii ||y on "stiiu IndiiuiM, Iho 10 whole distanco nidinf,' paiti('.« of iivoiiniMi' si'jison 'y (ilitaintd tiiciu t tiKit, ( • inijmny uidniirt wixH |( uiid 20 Tlionipsoii, may r could alone be i; tlunico to the til ind of Turtle vtT, iioifli throo le (Ic^'ico.s Kast, inty-six degrees iide in the late 30 usil)lL' for the dogs to haul th.'m. Many times a couple of men lip ! to assist the dogs in ^•'■' '"• extricHling theiu. In wet wejither everything was souked, and had to he dried. To lieiit the roiid was slavish work. Ankles (if d kueea were sprained ' Iaee of the guide. He tied a string to the toe of eaeh snow-.-lioe, and Holding the o|)posite ( tids in Ids hands, lifted them out of the soft Bnow. In this way, with his gun slung on his lnuk, tlu; p;irty marched on the west side of the riv r. Tiie wnole distaiiee was over 10 l""K I'liiirie grass, very iilHeult to wail, among. The only trees were of oiik, nsh, nhler and nutwood ; but the numerous charred stumps atforded evidi fice that oi> this side of the river had once grown a pine forest. In the UKjre northern regions the pines, when destroyed by fire, have been Huececd liy aspenn poplars and idders ; hut idong the lied Uiver, the excellenc. ef the soil and the mildness of the climate made the successors of tlie pines similarly destroyed, oak, ash, alder and nufwood. At tliis trading-house, where he arrived on the I Uh, Mr, Thou jison remained for sis d.iys. He determined its position to be latitude 4tS° ,')8' 'JJ.', longitude 97'' Hi' 40", variation of the comj > eight and a-half degrees Kast, being one minute and thirty-six seconds so\ith of the Unitivl States bonudary line, which .Mr. Thomps(m pointed cut, in order tiiat the tnnling-huuse might be rewovf'd beyoi ' it. This line was, several years later, contirmed hy .Major Long, of the United Corps of Kngii its. f i'oni 20 the junction of the Stone Indian with the Red River, it is south eleven degrees and a qi r. \V<.'st sixty-live and a half statute mih's ; to the boundary lino sixty -four miles. The nundier of Indians (Chippeway.s) who traded at thi.? hoasc was ninety-fiv. men ; an si![i]io Kxtmtof ing every one of them to represent a family of seven houU, we have an aggregate of (Ifi.'), At Itain, ' !' .,, ',!^,'*'j u River Hou.se, in latitude 48" ,'Jt)' .'jH", longitude 9.T 19' 30", on a course hence south eighty-tWi •' lees tin; .\oitL- East, a distance of one hundred and eighty-four miles, sixty < i the same tribe traded, veprescn hundred and twenty more. If we divide the families by ti'ie niilenge of the hunting-gruiui' Bcven souls will be fouiul to have had a hunting-ground of omo hundred and fifty to one hun eighty square miles. And yet they had very little provisions to spare ; jiroof that this p;iii country tlid not even then abound in wild animals. This ci/eunistance would furnish a reason gy the Hudson's Hay Compiiny would not care to extend their ope itions there. Tiic beaver had 1" -; scarce ; not being obliged to u.se the s.nme hard materials in buil'Sing his house as are necessary fu r north, this animal had been n comjiaratively easy prey to the Indsun. In summer the^e Indians sul t on iish, and in autumn, part of them on wild rice. The Red River is here one hundred and twenty yards wide. Kleven miles furtlu rdown it rece, the waters of the Reed River, from the eastward. It is about the s me wiilth, but less deep, Thi.=! | of the river is called Pembina, from a small stream that comes in. The deep rich soil of the Red River is everywhere fit for cultivation. York Factory, on Hudson's Bay, was distant north, twenty-fou. degrees East, six hundred and six- teen miles in a straight line, and not less than nine hundred miles 1 ^' the only practicable route. The ^,Q obstructions occasioned by carrying places would greatly lengtJien tb ■ time and labour of tlu; voyage. <>n the iilst March, Mr, Thompson and party .started on their joi. -ney down the banks of the river, and on the 25th arrived at the North-West Company's house, un er charge of Monsieur Eaptiste Cadi>lte, latitue 47" 54' 21, longitude 00° 19', variation 10° East. T le weathe.' was tine during the journey, and the frosts of night made the snow firm several hours o:' the day- In some places there was a fine border of woods along the river, from thirty to three hundre 1 yards wide. Among the varie- ties were oak, ash, elm and basswood ; the aspens become more freciuent. There is a fine rich, deep soil the whole distance. On the 9th April, the Red River being clear of ice, Mr. Thompson left the trading-house in charge of M. Cadotte, whither ho h.ad returned in a canoe, eighteen feet long, accompanied by three Canadians ^^Q and a native woman, the wife of one of the men, provided with a stoi c of twelve days' provisions. The object of the expedition was to survey the country to the source'of the Mississippi River. There % Wl'it ( 'oDl- lUr piUiy. ■ ery nd the hv •a I! , i ' ! I ' I ;;/■ Ontario AWKNUIX. c* Ci'fi^inn of Caiuiiia. On the lltli, the junction of Wil I w iv -"lerato an.l the ,,uantity of water Jess. Next 2^1" '""' ' ""'''' "•''''•'' "^ — 't Locn.ne more -s re,.che,,. a distance of sixty-four nules X^^l^P^'^^ '"^^''^ ^'''^^'^ '-''-^ to He.l Lak, I i " lank was covered with a fine forest of „i,u. h V , ?' ^'^^'"" ^"^^" '"«'''^- The east or ri 1 f grew ,>atel,e,s of hard-wood. with a ,^h 1 ■ ""' ,"'' *''"' ^■^l-"3l'-ailod. On the we f L ^;«,e. ,on,. part n.ar.. l^^:^^:^. [X^^tr T^-^r "'" •"^'"- ^''-ar. 1.^ i^ „ w. S=:X:- S: :n^:;X;r-^-.o „,>.. .. ... were Tlie head of tliis river .f U • .■ ^ *^ ^"*^ ^"'^'" t'^'s to sleep unon pany. ^^^ ai t wJiite ce( ,ir. The Norfh VV- .f r< •^' ''^*''* ""^ '"'■'^ aii nirles. An. I the .")0 Extent ni ciMintrv iiccii|iiocl bv Die r ■ VVesI Jiany :^(Ierato, but liabJe to l,o t wns swift, but wbcro 't''ieo,I. This river wm.s tlH.ugl, iu August and c current bocnme niorn ads to K,,.,l Lai<(^ Kjvcr le. I'lio cast (ir ri;,'bt <^n tbt, ^vfst ba"ik '■ '^"'"^ '''I'l'vlMi^'-placo 10 ^■•'l:o River, in latitut.; s- Botli banks were P-iplars til., rich ,lo..p ■'k' surface that only I'H to sleep upon. >n to be in latitude -1st, it was necessary teen hours oacli. ays, was encamped. 20 to spear tish in the for clear^water lake '"•endth ; the banks 'ods ; in some places Q for a winter. The lie fallow for .some s, and hauled on a 1 of ti'avelliny was ;j() many showers of tho road leading <1 in the middle of ■eet ; the first met ' overland to Tur- j'ourney was very ac of which were low level country of wild iicecvJr4o nineteen days brooks, an hour's nail bays give it the north-west I hat year. The 'ipe a league, at 'itances to be as »'i'es. And the .-,0 error was, not to make due allowance for tho sinuosities of tlie river. By this false metliod of Ontario reckoning the notion lui.l ari-sen that the head waters of the Mis-,issip[ii was 1-JS geoijrapliical miles ^^''i;>->'i"^' farther north than Mr. Thompson's survey proved them to bd. 'i'he north buidc of the lake is in >^™- "I- latitude 47 ^8' 20", longitude \)o 12' 4". Vmcmihws in " thr North- Mr. Thomp.son here fell in with two canoes of Indians on their way to Red Cedar Lake, and as r'™'oV«/ liis own canoe was leaking he went with them in one of theirs. On the south-west corner of Turtle ''"""'^"- Lake is Turtle Hrook, three yards wide, two feet deep, and having a current of two and-a-lialf miles an hour. Rather than follow its windings, tliey made a jiortage of 180 yards to a small lake out of wbich they emerged into a brook, tlu; fantastic windings and turnings of which they followed througli a 10 country of grass and marsh. Three jiortages had to l)e maile to avoid as many falls, ami several r,i])ids, with a gravelly liottom, were passed over. t)n apjjvoaching Red Cedar Lake, several brooks from either side contributed their wateis ; the streani at the entrance of tlie lake being lifteen yards wide, two feet deep, and having a current of three miles an bom-. Crossing the lake, a distance of five miles, Mr. Thompson reached a trading-house of the North-West Company, in charge of John Sayer, one of the partners, which was found to be in latitude 47' 27' Jti", longitude 'J4 hi', variation si.K degrees East. From the moutli of Tuitle Lake to this trading-bouse the distance is soutli, 58 degrees East, 2.5 miles; but tlie windings of the river more than treble the distance to bi; travelled. On each side of the valle}' grew oak, a.sb, elm, birch, pine, aspen, and, where there was a little elevation, fine maple ; soil deep, grass long. Mr. Sayer and his men had passed the whole winter here, on no more substantial 20 food than wild rice and maple sugar. The rice made good .soup, but when Mr. Tliompson tried to live on it ho soon became ill. About sixty heads of families traded at this bouse, and Mr. Sayiu- estimated each Indian famil}' at .seven persons, which would make the whole number 420. On the .'(n I May, Mi". Thompson started down the I'ivcr, now expanded to twentv-si.x yards in ^'"'''"'"^ , ' I. t. J CliUlltl'V width by three deej), and having a current of two nnles an hour. The Valley of the Mississippi bad '"iiiii'ifl I'y here the appearance of a meadow of long, half-dried grass, free from water, and scarcely half a mile Wts'tCmn- wide, gradually expanding as it descends. At the mouth of Sand Lake River the liver becomes sixty- '""'^' two yards wide and twelve feet deep. Sand Lake River, south, 48 degrees East, is sixty-eight miles from Red Cedar Lake. Tn this distance there are ten miles of lake and fifty-eight of river. The windings on tho river make tho distance to bo travelled on it two hundred miles. The descent from Turtle Lake 'M) to Cedar Lake is ninety-seven feet nine inches, and from Cedar Lake to Sand Lake River 333 feet 4 inches, making a change of level of no less than 431 feet in an apparently even country. Arriving at Sand Lake River, on the (Jtli, Mr. Thompson entered it to make his way to T.,ike Superior. This river is twenty yards wide, five in depth, and runs a mile and a half an hour. Wlicn he had pioceeded a mile, half tho distance to Sand Lake, Mr. Thompson arrived at another trading- house of the North-West Company, under cbargi; of Mr. Boiske. Here were tho women and children of about twenty families. All tho furs bought at bis post were tho produce of the country between the Mississippi River and Lake Superior. Twenty heads of families brought their furs here ; reckoning seven to a family, this post must have been su|>iK)rted by the labour of two humlred and ninety-four Indians, men, women and children. This trading-house was found to be in north latitude 40 4C° 4G' 30", longitude {)b° 44' 17" West. Mr. Thompson had now to cross the country to roach the river St. Louis, by which he was to descend to Lake Sujierior. Crossing Sand Lake, May 7th, wbich is about four miles in length and one wide, to Savaniuih Brook, bo proceeded eight geographical miles — made nine by detours — to a groat swamp, a mile wide, in a north, 81 degrees East, direction, tho latter portion consisting of a bog, being passed over by means of a few sticks to form a road, to slip from which entailed the penalty of sinking down to the waist. Aero.ss this description of country, growing scrubby pines a few feet high, all the baggage of tho party had to bo carried. Over this route the Nortli-Wost Company bad to carry all tho furs, provisions, baggage, goods, and canoes connected with their trade between Lake Superior and the Mississippi. The custom was for the person in charge of tho brigade to cross this bog and swamp as 50 I'lpi'lly ^^ possible, leaving the men to take their own time. It was so diHicult to got canoes or goods over this swamp, of which no one standing in the middle could see the end, in any direction, it was the J^QS3B;sa-miff -t II imiy. Extraots from Matkciizic'a HiHtiiry of the KuV Trade. it iJof ronowing months it has only ei..htcen i .1 7 '' ^'""'''' •'^^^"'•^l '"" that in :;iS H:S~ - = .;vS= =:=== place of sev^M ., ', ' " P'^'*^ ^'^'^ ^'"•'J" loner Then .f ,.. f ^' "'"' ''' 1'°"'^ "^ '"ock Leuioines returns wei-e siv },„n,l. i , *'' ' '^''ination five and a l.nlf ,i '" f*^ ^'^ ^^1- it wasj ciistomarv to lav iin tJ,„ , "'e.suivej. that canio ,m the hi. M tE '*'"'°'' ^''^^'^ '^'^^cend the river to L.lc. ^ • in cunoe.ssuch as tli'if \Jr ri , i' >>'• ^ -Si.- Alexander MaekenWe i„ . r ""/^r^^^^^^^^ ^"STORY OF THE FUR TRADE iho Indians, therefore, to procure th^ r.. "' Tap havinj? been crossed «nd the Jatitiide to be t twenty by its course, s wide and ei^dit deep' rs, assured liim that in ^' amon^r stones, which of'this river the canoe :'ouiid a point of rock iioro, another carrying iq falls estimated at one i into Lake Superior. ■', imder charge of AI. ilf degrees East. M. four hundred pounds '1 can,! twenty gallons 1 places, but they arc Iv-ing observations for 20 nor, as well as those wenty-eight feet in , as there were only gi'Oiit distance '"nto 'li oi' tlio shores and ^ FUR TRADE. »ri'l.>, to the Xorth- Nortli-We.st. The 30 penetrate into the -'ans to induce the 1 the way of trade, the ilifferont large ■oNovvcl from the Jtected the trade, le trade in person, Ii a distance, as in dei-s who engaged le Snskatchiwine the French Gov- «tated ; and sur- t tlie same time, "■'Tk : '< Voyacoi 'nd Pacific Oceans, 40 no exertions were made from Hudson's Bay to obtain evjn a share of the trade of a country which, according to the Cliarter of that Company, belonged to it, and from its prox; aity, is so much more accessabie to the mercantile adventurer. » * » For some time after the conquest of Canada tliis trade was suspended, which must liave been very advantageous to the Hudson's Bay Company, as all the inhabitants to the westward of Lake Superior were obliged to go to them for such articles as their habitual use had rendered necessary. Some of the Can- adians who had lived long with tliem, and were become attached to a savage life, accompanied tliem thitlier annually, till merciintile adventurers again appeared from their own country, after an interval of several years, owing, as I suppose, to an ignorance of tiie country in the conquerors, and their want 10 of commercial confidence in tlie conquered. There were, indeed, other discouragements, such as tlie immense length of the journey necessary to reach the limit beyoml which this commerce must begin ; the risk of property ; tlie expenses attending such a long transport; and an ignorance of the language of those who from their experience must be necessarily employed, as the intermediate agents, between them ami the natives. But, notwithstanding those difficulties, the trade by degrees began to spread over the different parts to which it had been carried by the Frencli, tliough at a great I'isk of the lives, as well as the property, of their new possessors, for the natives had been taught by their former allies to entertain liostile feelings towards the English, from their having been in alliance with their natural enemies the L'oquois; and there were not wanting a sutlieient number of discontented, disappointed people to keep alive such a notion ; so that for a long time they were considered and treated as objects 20 of hostility. To prove this disposition of the Indians, we have only to refer to the conduct of Pontiac at Detroit, and the surprise and taking of Michilimakinac about this period. Hence it arose tliat it was so late as the year 1700, befoi'e wliich the trade I moan to consider commenced at Michilimakinac. The first who attempted it were satisfied to go the length of the River Camenistiquia, about tliirty miles to the eastward of the Grande Portage, where the French had a principal eitablishment and was the line of their communication with the interior country. It was once destroyed by fire. Hei-e they went, and returned successful in the following spring to Michilimakinac. Their success induced them to renew their journey, and invited others to follow tlieir example. Soma of them remained at Camenisti(piia, while others proceeded to and beyond the Grande Portage, which since that time has become the principal entrepot of that trade, and is situated in a bay, in latitude 48° 30 north and longitude m" West. After passing the usual season tliere, they went back to Michilimakinac as before, and, encouraged by the trade, returned in increa-scd numbers. One of these, Thomas Curry, with a spirit of enterprise superior to that of his eontemi»oraries, determined to penetrate to tlie furthest limits of the French discoveries in that country; or at least till the frost shoukl .stop him. Fortius purpose lie procured guides and interpreters, who were acquainted with the country, and with four canoes arrived at Fort Bourbon, which was one of their posts at the west end of (!eilar Lake, on the waters of the tSaskatchiwine. His risk and toil were well recompensed, for he came back the followin„„i' i Mack..n.io', ai.,i, with other incidental nJ. ' '"'^"''""'•^'l. .^-^ve a fatal 1 ^^"' Thus was t ri rr: -r^-"^""""' -"^'•^••"^-' to it« ruin. Thus was the trade carried on for ve ^'"'"'T ''' """' * ' * t'-t the partner, who „.et then, at tl" S ,nd CS'^nr^^''^'^'"""'"^ ^^°''^" ^""^ -«■•-- - It was about this time that Mr Tos T V f "'^"•■^">' ^'''"I'''»^'«^I ^'fth^r ill-success. ^U-terndned to penetrate in^ ttLun^trytfune^ tj' : tnf 'l''T^''' ^^""-^ ^" ^^« ^^^^ ^^ of the year 1775, met the Indians fromtha nV^n m ^'■^'^ ^"'^ ^•^''"■''^'•*"- ^"^'^ ^ Traite. so named from that circumst ^ on b^ T T ""/'^^ ^^'^-V to Fort Churchill, at Portage £ f- 25' North, longitude m^ wTuZJt:^::^^ ''' "fl^T °^ ^'^"^^-'"'^ ^'-•- '^'^^^^^^ trade with him, but he at\.„,th procur I a 1" ^'^ ""''''''"' '"^ ^"''^' '"''- hen sent his brother to explore tl,e c untrv iirf.X 1 . '', '" ™"°"^ '=""''' ^'^^'•^'- * * * Ho ^ la Crosse, in latitude 5.3" 2,^ ^orth, and Lu'itude 108^ Wt" '""^"''^ " '" '^'^ '^" ^^'^'^ '' ^^'^ i77s:^i:r;:::Ldir!;:i::s^^^ agreed to put them into a joint stock, an . e ^ wl',"" ^'f ^''^'^ '^ ^^''-'^'t^^ ''^S-l'^to spare, Pond, M.0, in four canoes, was directed to entihFuS '""'"fr""' "^^ ''""^ ^'^ ^^f'"' ^^ ^^ 20 ns track, and proceed still further, if possi le o Ah ' '° '' "' ''^ ^^'- ^™^^^'""- ^^ '""""^ Indmn report. In this enterprise he at Cl n ee 1^ anT.' "^ Tn' •'' "''"'" ""'^"''^^" ^'"^ f™'" River, by hin. erroneously called the Athab^ Xutth 't^ f"' 'T ''"' °" ^'^'^ b^"''^ «f ^he Elk It empties itself. '''' ^'^"^"^ '^''"^y ""l--^-^ fronr the Lake of the Hills, into which Here he passed the winter of 17~S <) tribes, who used to carry their furs r^^mualwlon,J^\rTT" '^ ''" ^"^^^eneaux and Chepewyan suffered innumerable hardship,, a,^"^^: om "^^^^^^ barren ground.s, whe'rethey the cour.se of the lakes and rive,;, thro, 1^. a coX tLrT T. ''' '"''• ''" ''^™^^- '""^'--^ plenty of tlsh ; but though they did not ^^aff'r f r m want of ft"; •'" f "™'^^' ""^ ^'"'''^ ^^^'^ ^- ney couM not be ea.sily repaii to an India Zv J ?. ,, ; ^'"'°'"^^^^^ of such a jour- 30 come to their country to relieve then, from 'ch L Uso °T' Y'''''' '''''''''' ^^^ --"» P-P^^ mediately reconciled to give an advanced pr ce for t£ a 01""' " '"T""^ ^"""'"'"^-^ ' ■'^"'' ^^^ i- ence. Mr. Pond's reception and succe.ss wl a co^^di ,: , ''"' "r?'^^'^''^''^' ^'^ '^'^'^^^ ^°>"f«'-t and conveni- - many furs as his canoes would carry Jhri^^^' 'jT^ "'^ '^•^'.P-''""" ' '^"^ '"^ ^^ ^ ^wice quired during his residence among them an s^iffi L 'f^ V t""' "'''^ "^ "'"•^'' ^''^^'^'^-'^ - ^e re- he could not embark, he secured in one of \ nt ut^^n U °"""'V°^'^"- '"^^^ °^ ^'^^ ^^^ ^ the .same state in which he l6ft them. ' ^'""^ '^""'^ ^-^""^ ^^^e following .season, in seeing':;: •:;:;:;;::- ::'ln^;J-^^^ P^-t .. peop. of Canada fro™ longer among the natives. associates, which rendered it dangerous to remain any 40 Most of them who passe.I the winter at the ^..l-.i 1 • • •sprmg of the year 1780, a few days previou to tl'u H^. 7'^,' ''"' '" ''^" ^'^'' ^''''' -^-«. '^^ the engaged in drinking about their housc"one of t ' . r ''"'!'"■ ' ''''' '^^"^ '' ^"^^^^ ^-"S unities of a native, gave him a dose of huxl „, n i 1 1 ' p ""' '"":-^^'' ^'^ ^''° ^''-blesome impor- from giving further trouble to any one . il L ff 1 """■ "''"'^' ^'^'^^'"*^">' P'-'^^'^^^ed him which one of the traders and .sev'eral ;f h n"f " b-n', "'T^ '''" ""''^"^^ (^'-"^"-^ ^ ^-^ - precipitate flight. '"'" '''" '^>"'"1' '^"'1 the remainder saved themselves by Noti^;::^::^;::^;:;::;;;^^::^^^^^^ . . . -^ thiswasthesmaii-po. whCrr::;^:::^^ ^^^^^^ - --.0 ^iliinonts, whilo on tlio ; and tliere aru niany 3 a mystery when the Wenpursiiedhy tlieir e trade from Canada * * ■ worse and worse, so ■lieir ill-success, ngarjed in the trade, 10 rd, and, in tlie spring rcliill, at Portage de ■chill River, latitude oulil induce them to irry. * * • He r as the Lake of Isle e spring of the year y of goods to spare, thcin to Mr. Peter 20 Frobisher, to follow unknown but from le banks of the Elk he Hills, into which IX and Chepewyan 'ounds, where they le former followed d where there was fue of such a jour- 30 by seeing people Jys ; and were im- iifort and conveni- he procured twice ovisions as he re- uch of the furs as blowing season, in of Canada from IS to remain any 4Q h, where, in the of Indians beinc ublesome impor- y prevented him •educed a fiay in 3d themselves by 1 :ked s from destruc- e fire consunifi.'j 50 67 the dry crass of the field. The fatal infection spread around with baneful rapidity which no flight o.ntario could e , ,ipe, and with a fatal effect that nothing could resist. * « * ' Ai-rKNi)n. Sec. III. The conseqiience of this nieLincholy event to the traders inust be self-(!vidfnt ; tlie means of dispiKs- hnicmiinrm in ing of the goods were cut off; and no I'urs we obtained but such as had been gathered from the haliita- w,),u,fu:rthe tions of the deceaseil Indians, which could not lie very considerable ; nor did they look for the losses ot ',',^","^^^,"/ the pre.seiit vear with unv eneouragini' expectations to those which were to come. The only fortunate „ , ~", people consisted of a party who had ji;,'ain peiietralcii 10 the northward and westward, in 1780, at some .^^;u■k,.^y,i..'s distance up the Mi.ssinipi, or English River, to Lake la Rouge. Two unfortunate circumstances, how- ii,!i'j''m" ever, happened to them, which are as follows : 'innlc'. 10 Mr Wadin, a Swiss gentleman, of strict probity and known sobriety, had gone there in the year 1779, and remained during the s'-mmer of ITSO. * » ♦ ♦ The other circumstance was this. In the spring of tl.e year, Mr. Pond sfut the above-mentioned clerk to meet the Indians from the northwar.j, wlio user! to go annually to Hudson's Bay; whin he easily [)ersuaded them to trade with him, and return back, that they might not take the contagion which had depopulateil the country to the eastward of them ; but most unfortunately they caught it here, and carried it with them, to the destruction of themselves and the neighbouring tribes. The country being thus depopulated, the traders and their friends from C'anada, who, from various causes, already menticmed, were very much reduced in inniiber, became confined to two parties, who be- gan seriously to think of making permanent establishments on the Missinipi River, and at Athabasca ; 20 for which purpi>se, 1781-2, they selected their best canoe-mei), being ignorant that the small-])o.\ penc;- trated that way. Tlie most expeiiitious party got only in time to the Portage la Roche, or Mitliy- Ouinigam Portage, which divides the waters of the Missinipi i'rom those that fall into the Elk River, to despatch one canoe, strong-handed, and light-loaded, to tliat country; but on their arrival there, they found, in eveiy direction, the ravages of the small-pox. ; so that, from the great diminution of the natives, they returned in the spring with no more than seven packages of beaver. The strong woods and moun- tainous countries afi'orded a refuge to those wdio had Hed from the contagion of the plains; but they were so alarmed at the surrounding destruction that they avoided the traders, and were dispirited from hunting, except for their subsistence. The traders, however, who returned into the country in the year 1782-3, found the inhabitants in some sort of tranquility, and more numerous than they had reason to 80 expect, so that their success was projiortionably better. During the winter 178;j-4, the merchants of Cana.da engaged in this trade formed a jiinrtion of in- terests, under the iiaine of the North-West Company, and divided into sixteen shares, without deposit- ing any capital ; each party furnishing a priportion or (piota of .-^uch articles as were necessary to carry on thetraile; the respective parties agreeing to satisly the friends they had m the country, who were not jirovided for according to this agreement, out of the proportions of which tliey held. * * * , In the spring, two of those gentlemen went to Crand Portage with their credentials, which wer^ confirmed and ratified by all parties having an option, except Mr. Peter Pond, who was not satisfied with the share allotted to him. Accordingly, he and another gentleman, Jlr. Peter Panginan, who had right to be a partner, but for whom no provision had been made, came to Canada with a determination 40 to return to the country, if they could tliid any persons to join them and give their scheme a proper support. [The traders in the country, and merchants in Montreal, entered into a co-partnei'ship, and were successful. Pond joined them ; but Panginan, Gregory and McLeod formed a separate business. Mackenzie had been five years in Gregory's counting-house, and now left him to seek his fortune at Detroit, where Gregory estfJilished an agency, admitted Mackenzie as a partner, and sent him to the Indian country. After the murder of one of the partners, the laming of another, and the narrow escape of one of the clerks who received a b'dlet through his powder-horn, in the execution of his duty, those who were in po.ssession of the trade of the ( ountiy were compelled to allow Mackenzie and his partners a share of the trade, and a union was completed in July, 1787. In 1788, the gross adventure 60 for the year did not exceed £40,000. In 1798, the number of shares was increased from 20 to 46. The French, when in possession, had beveral trading establish lucnts upon the islands and banks of Lac Bois I iitfl j-4«wa)JBtimBaM. -. : Extracts from Henry 'm ■fournal of 68 AppKvnTv ^^'""'^> a"fl also several sofH^mnnt • i , , a, ■ -: -■ ■"." ""u.o™:ir,;r„r J" r :::: ^^irj:- "'*-. ^' >- ■•«'""« «• »'■. .on...,,,,. ■ It may be proper to observe tlnf tho w i. , , before, and at the Tonc-est o/Sn!^;^ /fi^ ^, ^l?;^ l^^ -"--ta upon the Saskatchiwine Ion, Nipaw, where they had agricultural instrlon an.l I T^"''-' "''''" '^^''''' ^"^«'-- «»d the other af those^e,stabli,shu,ents. where the soil is ezcelTnt ^^^^^ .-«- --ks of both being found about ^f^^^'o^tr^ f « r^>'->y to Fort Churchill prov.^d themselves with all the necessaries wh ih thev rr ' "ot^ithstanding they could have " m r ,^Teat measure discontinued. '^"^ '''^''''"^ A* P'-esent, however, this traffic . 20 EXTRACTS FROM Mr. HENRY'S TOTtpmat r.^ t'-., the one half being intended C^Ct P.^^ 'al", ^H^"' ^'^ ^"°'^^' ^« --' -^^ ^livide employed us the greatest part of the .lay settl n^ 1 1 1 , r ' '"""'"^^^^ ^'^'^ ^'>« I^-' ^iver Tht the indnvns. who were still drinking. At welve o-'l' J "t^' ''" ''^^'^''^^-■^ -'' attendinl^ Brovn they put ashore and remai„ed with us until fon ' , . ^"""' '^^'^•'*°''' ^^^''^'^-i I'J a Mr .o • up he Ass.n:b„ine River. Their boats carry out !r v \' "'"'" ""^ ""^^'"'^^^J -»d proceeded .saul to average eighty pounds each, conduc L rfo " / " T^'"'^'' "^ ""^1"'^' ^^'^^''t. '-^ "ay be painted, and sharp at both en.ls '^^ ^"""^ ''^''^ ""'• ^ steersman; they are neatly bS a,!^ -H ^f "r1^^:^£t:^:l^ ; --. ostabHsh-nen, t.ces of which are Wednesday, .m.-Early thi.s morning Mr McDonnll «,-.». , • u • 40 to the Paubian River and'crS trto^Te'ol; W ^ f ^'"''"^"'^ ^'^^^ ^ ^-veries. We «.me opposite to the entrance of the river Or. 7l, / f ""'""'^ '''''' '""'^ in 1707-8 by Mr CholnT tude 49' 37', longitiHle ude 47' 38', louyitude, forts for trade— Fort iivt'r and .Swan River Kni.stiiK'aux, frorn tlie ■ed River and Lake vcnicncc of tiie trade Augustus House, and JO ■s have been changed e Saskatchiwine long 'er, and the otlier at th being found about rly to Fort Churchill ling tliey could have however, this traffic 20 RTH-WEST AND 1809.* B. C. establishment assort and divide 2 Red River. Thi.s , and attending to pany's boats from ', assisted by a Mr. 30 ked and proceeded ^iffht, but may be ■e neatly built and •aces of wl(ich are ■s at the same time lo niiich progress with u.s, with Mr. to winter himself 40 series. We came y Mr. Cholailler, ns of an old fort the Red River. 69 (180C.) Tlie wln.le of this year appears to have been spent at the old settlement of Kaministiquia, on the north-west of Lake Superior At this period, scattered around the country, was a population of about 80,000, which he has noted down as follows : — Di:i'AnT.viENTs. Whites. Indian.s. Men. Women. Children. Men. Women. Cliildreii. Athabasca L'08 48 84 Athabasca River 37 12 1.", 55 38 CG English River 78 40 03 211 380 1 ,100 10 Rat River 25 7 10 70 !)0 ] .-)0 Fort Des Prairies 136 o\) 103 4,823 13,032 4:),906 Fort Dauphin 4,5 22 18 19 17 31 Upper Rod River 56 52 82 1,170 1,200 2,500 Lower Red River 75 40 60 160 190 250 Lake Winnipic 88 11 ]5 90 111 194 Lac La Phiic 46 10 10 103 141 195 Fond du Lac 128 29 50 44U 784 1,944 Nepigon 90 20 20 238 28S 299 Kaministiquia, Mille ) ..„ ,^ „„ ^ 20 Lac and des Chenes | ^^ 10 36 70 84 178 Pic 16 2 3 44 45 58 Traders 520 37 31 Total 1,610 405 600 7,502 10,995 52.871 (1807.) Avffust 31st. — This season we were troubled by an augmentation of freemen from Canada, etc.; their total numbers now in this [Paubian] river amount to forty-tive men. More worthless fellows could not be found in the North-West. September 14th. — I sent off a boat for above, Wm. Henry, master, with T. Veaudrie, interpreter, and seven men, to build at the Grande Fourche. 30 (1808.) August i3'3nd. — We pa,ssed old Fort Bourbon, near which we entered one of the channels of the Saskatchewoine. '24th. — At eleven o'clock we entered the main channel of the Saskatchewoine, and soon after we arrived at the Opas. This place may be said to be the tirst spot of real dry land we have seen since we left Lac Bourbon. The little river of the Montagne du Pas [or Pasquiaw Mountain] comes in here on the south side. Formerly the French had an estalilishrnent at this spot, some trails of which are to be seen. It was also a place of general rendezvous for the different tribes of Indians previous to the small- pox 26th. — We came to the entrance of Sturgeon Lake, where we put ashore on -n island, whose l>lack 40 rocky .shore gave us every reason to suppose we have our feet once more on a spot of terra iirma. Upon this island our northern-bound brigades generally unload, and proceed to Cumberland House for their supply of provisions, which having brought, they loaded and proceeded along the lake in a northern direction to the entrance of Riviere Matine, about twelve leagues from this; then up this river, and through a succession of lakes and rivers to their respective destination.s, some even to the Columbia on the westward, and others to the McKenzie River to the north-west. It is from this vast extent of country from which the North-West Company may be said to draw their treasures. It is true, profits arise from the trade in other parts of the country to the eastward, but nothing in comparison to what we obtain from the Athal'asca country. Ontamo ArrKNPix. .scnfii. l*nirnttit}f/x m Ihi- Nurt'h- Wial njlirtht t'tA^iiin nf t'liiniiht. I'AtrnitH from Il( niy's •loini'ul of 'I'liivcl in the Nortli-Wost, 1S00180U. i'i ££j^**^2^!2SM^*^^**^-> li i ' i ll! 70 AllltZ. ^ ,^"''''^^?y-''^'^'-*"'7«'''--At twelve o'clock wc passed th. on . u- u .s..r7n. ^''^''^ ^'' '^^' «°"^h side [of the River S^skatchewoine ««tahh«hment at the iV^.;,a^.«.. wl.ich '.tC;rr; a. '^'''""''"^" '''' ^-9ust.'. At C o'clock wo encamped at the snot where the F.on If , , . j;;-;„;'/ cstahli.sh.nent. called Fort St. Louis In.ilt 1-v i no I a r . r ' '" Yr;^u... ^' '!''' ^'r- T' ^^""■■^ "°^"' ^•-" '« I- -- ...m•c„ltunlTn;t,.,„u.:1'"''^" ' ''•" '""""■ ^°"''' ''"^''• ^ r,.e.™d to the open plains i. .i,l to Lo ^.o.,lJ:-:;T:--:-;;t Zlli: ''''''' ^'-''- " N,;rth.\V..,t. ^'"""'"'"-'A '^V'-'I'W /..^— At 4 o'clock wo w^rn „ • , ^m.im.^ at an old e.staLli.sInnont of our own. wl J rhJJen J "^ ""^T "'' ^'"'"■' ""' '^^ ' "'"-'^-'^ -« '^'•'--I its proxiunty to the old French Fon below '^"" ' ""'" 1«»^. called Fort «t. Louis, fro.n Saturday, 3rd Senternhcr M " ' i i i.^Iand. and soon after wl carno to the St^n Z,'wl "^ f """ -n ^'•""''"^^^' "•'''^''' '^^^^^^ "P- - 10 -^"l'l-'"-H'nts We passed tl oso uins ad T """' '"" '^^P'^"'"' *''^' •'^■"-"•^ "'" --•-'^' "W River, or PucketowuMoi wluMe we .nd „ IT" ^^'"' '"'"<^ '« ^'"-^ ^-'''tnuK.-e of the Settin.^ two Freemen on the sduU^side c Z d^^^^^^^^^^ twenty leather tents of Crees, a few Saulteaux a 3 >-adow. on the ),anks of the river where there "^"^ "'"" "'" ""'•^'' -'l^". "I-n a beautiful su.all he night. I wa« frequently tn the poi t of c • s i , '"'r l', ''" '''^'^ ^ "^' ^'-^'^'-ome during had always observed in this country'tZt ^h ' v "'"^ ""^'^ "" '" ^""'"''"'' '"' '"'^ '"•^°'^^"-- ^ and have abandoned then,selves entirely to the sava"f lif. w," ^"''l', "'" ''^"" ""^"" ^''^ ^'"'i^"- ;: Zr ": T^^ " -"^^'^^ ^^ --or: trjr ^:t; -xirs r- '^ ''" .0 -eeh:p^^:iir:tu^^^ "P the skins I had trade.! and gave then. TdJZTt ! v '' ^'" "^ '" '""'r""'>' ^"^l' "«' I P<'^'^ldcr» „.„» killed by a Canadian, and one Crce T| " a i:'"''"° n" ^°" ''"»• "'">» ""• °f "» property .„ ti.e n,e„y „, „.e J„d|„„, „,,„ ^„4;, .'.l'^ .S^;:; J- "'^^ ';%, ..». abandon U,ei, .«, »S«ru/-/y, JIth Septemher.~We found thom r^,, been abandoned for son.e years past. It was bu U "7^ ''"'T' "7 ''^ ^^' *^°^* ^™'^ -^^-h has H. C. Co. servants were plundered by tlL ^"l, llans.f "'" ' ^ "" "°^"" ""'''■ ^^ *'-" P''"^- t^o same attempt was made upon the N W To esKiTi TT™""^^' '^^^^^^ The the clerks, they were repuls'ed, and obiig!;!^:- re^r w'h" h "h f ^.^ 'T''' ''^^'''^'^ ^' "^ «' house. ^ ^•^*'^<^ W'th the booty they had got from the H. B. Co. *See Col. de Bougainville's Meraoire. laf ifc t the Ntpawee, wliich ■ench foinieily had an V liottom, soutli side. .s (if ciUTiiigo wlieeln. na licantiful .small )f forts having stood trouhlcsomo diirini' 'or his in.soleiicc. I among tlio Indians, ndians, given to all licrwlse be. 20 lo\v.s, and purchased )' with us, I packed at my house at the 1 o'clock 1 sent the love will not admit ver-run l>y .swamps )rth side, an old s Jaane,% whicli is Freemen, who had ey gave me, and I qq i morning. . . in ahove, wlio had I assembled at the lave Indians from /hat a serious war )w only a heap of where the tradei's when one of tlie |<1 abandon their 40 13rul(5 which has At this place the murdered. The iviour of one of ni the H. B. Co. 71 Tiiesdai/, I3lh Sa/deiKljcr. — At sunset arrived in front of our establishment of Fort Vermillion, which lay.s in a low*(lat bottom of meadow (iirectiy opposite tlie Verniiliion Ilivcr, on tlic soutli side, where we observed a large camp of Slave Indians, who, on observing us coming down tlie hills, began to whoop and halloo, and appeared rejoiced at seeing us. We passed the H. H. Co. fort, and soon after enter(;d our own, where all bands were happy to see us Soon after my arrival I was visited by our H. B. neighbors, MM. Ilallette and Longmore, who were anxious to hear the news from Europoi having been deprived that satisfaction since tiiis time last year. Nothing extraordinary hail occurred hero in the course of the summer, further than the disturbances between tiie Slave Indians and the Crees. Tiio former were still exasperated against the treacherous behaviour of the latter, and threatened 10 to be revenged In the dressing and preparing of their robes, they [the Big Bellies or Ilapid Indians] are far superior to the Slave Indians, and fully ecpial to the Mandanes. They are a most audacious and turbulent race, and have repeatedly attempted to destroy and massacre us all. The first glaring attemjit was made at old Fort Brulez, in 17'J3, when they pillaged tiie II. 1>. (Jo. fort instantly, and were proceeding to connnit a similar outrage iipon that of the N. W. Co., but through the spirited conduct of one of the clerks they were repidsed, and Hed with the booty they had already actjuireil from the H. B. Co. estab- lishment. The summer following, they assembled and made a formal attack upon the II. B. Co. Fort at the South Branch, which they destroyed, massacred, and took away everything they could find, leaving the place in ashes. At the same time they attempted to destroy the N. \V. Co. Fort, which stood near 20 that of the H. B. Co., but meeting with an unexpected resistance, thoy retired with the loss of one of their principal chiefs, and some others killed and wounded, since which period they have been more peaceable. (1809.) Friday, 20th October. — My men finished repairing their houses, and this evening every one was entered and settled for the winter, viz. : — Men. Women. Children. No. 1. Parrent^au 115 Perain 1 1 1 Clement 1 1 2 ;}0 Dubois 1 1 1 17 persoiu. N'. 2. Cardinalle ,, 1 1 5 La Doucure 110 Ottowa 1 1 3 Fichette 1 15 persons. No. 3. Crevier Ill Thyfault 1 1 1 Dument 2 1 4 40 LeJeunes.se 10 14 persons- No. 4. Guillion 1 1 Durand 1 1 1 OarriJjre 1 1 2 Martelle 1 1 4 La Blanc's Wife 1 2 18 persons. O.VTARIO Al'FENDIX. Sit. III. Prttfruliitgs in tlie A'urth- Wrat a/tir th' ( 'cHifinn 0/ t'aiMitii. ExtracU from lU'iiiyH .li'iinml iif 'I'riivc I ill the Nnrtli Wfiit, lHOO-1809. Oktario Arettsmt. Sec. Ill, Proeeriliniit i/t Me Aiirth- H'tut ti/lir l/u I'aihiUa. Extrncti fnmi HiMir)'» Jimrriil ,,f Travel In tlm ^lJrtl|.\Vl.,it, 1801) ISOU. 71 No. 5. Fftille La Puire 1 SuiisciLT • I /I . 9 uaynion * 1 No. (j, Parririan Laniriit'iloc ^ Croito 1 Boauvois 1 1 No. 7. Jerome Kocijiie 1 I^^'I'i-'llo 1 Tl • • 1 X? loiiun;', . , 1 1 No. 8. Hainolle 1 No. 9. Mr. Small 1 No. 10. Self 1 Tent. F. Dcschamp F. Dcschamp, junr ^ Tent Martin 1 38 1 1 1 1 1 I 1 1 27 4 3 I 17 persons 6 1 1 15 persons. 4 1 10 persons 1 person. 1 person. li 5 persons, 4 1 9 persons. « 8 persons. 07 ISO persons. 10 20 rr J -. , I , ^"" persons. Tue., — -"^' our 3« inventories, etc.. and packed up tl>e ,n-opor y forTatouroo" e th'? ' '"'"' "^ ^° ^^^^ Augu.stus.^took absence. ' ^ 'y ^^^^ purpose, that noi^ang might bo given out in my Fridaij, 37th.— Passed the ruins of old V..rt n .^ - seen. At five o'clock it began to snow and hi w, 3^ - now only to bo mornmg. At dark we came to the Dog Run.p River which il ^ ^^ ^^ '"'"^ ''' '""'••' ^''''^ ^'^'^^ thi.s Th.. nver comes fron> the north-west a,.d /all o 7^1;?? "'"'"'■ ^' stopped for the night, south from us. The Moose River, where my hor ke or '"t'^^^''^^;-- -^ich is about two leagues name, and empties itself into the SaskatclJoinnisttwr^^^^^^^^ ''' '''' '^ ^' ^''"-^ ^^^^ ^^^^'^i:^:!::^^^ ^—-0^ of the plains in this direction to the ,, ;narch mostly of them intoxicated; they wi hed u^ to In T u 'TP '^""" '' ^""^'-^ - ^''-^ *' tmued on until we came to the very entrance of tl e st ^' '" ."'"T^ ^°"'"'" ^'' «•»"'' ^^' ^° ^on- the bank, in sight of the river, between whi iTan lT.\:7-. ''' ''^ ''''' ''^''^^'^^ "•^ "P- ments presented them.selves at our feet. The hill w^ t.n , °"'""' °" ^-'' 'eh the two e.stabli.sh- fort, after a tedious but expeditious Journey Lorn Z:^:;::^rZ. t:::^'' ^' ^"^^^ ''' -^'^^^^:^::^^^^ We at present than ^w.de.heeurrentisve,,swift, and bouid in ^ hi^h ^^^::^l^^ 1::^^:^ -:^ T^ 1 4 1 3 1 1 1 1 17 persons. 1 I M 1 I m 1 15 persons. ^^ '^ 1 1 m 10 ])erson8 fl 1 person. ^ 1 person. ^B 1 *^ 20 9 1 5 persons, ^m 1 9 1 9 persons. |H 8 persons. |^B — _- ^B 27 07 H ISO pcrijons. 9b lein concernincf our 30 ^H jrt Augustus, took ^1 3 given out in my ^H re now only to bo •e level tlian this ped for the night, about two leagues 1 the hills of that s direction to the ' Indians on their rum, but we con- 'iroiight us upon le two establish- k we entered the at present than s only 15 yards from each other 40 the Hat bottoms are not .so extensive as below, but tlit i ,ii!i, . uh u hieei with wood The iuo is >,'enerally from ten to lilt i dayH later < Vermillion. (1 elevated, and eovtued wing hen: tlian at Fori WethiCKildi/, /4 NuvcTnihtr. — Karly, tlii> iilnod Indians wrre cro.ssed ov^ , > i Forty princii>ul mrn id our Fort [Augustus], and die sixty others iit thf II. i!. . . iUis alkn u two of our men arrived with a large gang of hor.ses from the Rocky Mountain piuLage, where t.i. y had left our Columbia eiinoes safely emiiarked on the west side of the mountain, twe«ty-st>v«n days ago. Tiny would not hnve been more tban half that time had they |mss(Hl by the usual route ou the south side of the Saskatchewoine, but it would have been dangerous on account of tiie trouble among 10 the natives last sunuuer. They came through a most dreadful countiy, on the north side. Tucsdaj, 7lli. — Here [Moose Creek | we bad [iropcsed sleeping, but an old woman aiiiving from the fort brought us news that all the Assiniboines and Crees had declared war upon us, and were every moment expected to jirrive at the loi't, as tluy wen; coming up on Ixjtii sides of the river, and determined to go up to Fort Augustus also, and swee|) the river clear of all the wiiites they could tind, and take every horse that was belonging to us. EXTRACTS FROM GENERAL I'lKES TRAVELS,* 1805-1807. Observations on the Tniilr, Viewn, and Polici/ of tht; Xuiih-WvHt Compumj, ami flic yntiowd (Jhjcrln connected with Hair Connncrce as it iutmrtits tlic Ourmment of the United Stales, ISOfJ, The fur trade in Canada has always been considered as an object oi tirst-importance to that colony, 20 and has been cherisliod by the respective governors of that Province by every regulation in their power, under both the French and the English administrations. The great and almost unlimited in- fluence the traders of that country had ac.<|uired over the savages was severely felt, ami will long be remembered by the citizens on our frontiers. Every attention was paid by the Cabinet of St. James, in our Treaty with Ctreat Britian, to secure to their Canadian .subjects the privilege of the Indian trade within our territories; and with what judgment they have imjiroved the advantages they obtained, time will .soon unfold. In the year 1700, the trade was first extended from Micbillimackinac to the -north-west by a few desperate adventurers, whose mode of life on the voyage, and short residence in civil society, obtained for them the appellation of Coureurs des Buis. From this trii'ing beginning arose the present Noitli- 30 West Company ; who, notwithstanding the ie|)cated attacks made on their trade, have withstood every shock ; and are now, by the coalition of the late X. Y. Company, establi.sbed on ,so firm a basis as to bid defiance to every opposition that can be made by private individuals. By a late purchase of the King's posts ill Canada, they extended their lines of trade from Hudson's Bay to the St. Lawrence, up that river on both sides to the lakes, from thence to Lake Superior,— at which place the North-West Company have their head-quarters,— from thence to the source of Red River and on all its tributary streams, through the country to the Missouri, through the waters of Lake Wiiiipic to the Saska.shavvin, on that liver to its source, up Elk lUver to the Lake of the Hills, up Peace River to the Rocky Mountains, from the Luke of the Hills, up Slave River to the Slave Lake; and this year they have despatched a Mr. Mackenzie on a voyage of trade find 40 di,scovery down Mackenzie's River to the North Sea ; and also a Mr. McKay to cross the Rocky M( un- tains, and proceed to the Western Ocean with the same objects. They have had a gentleman by the name of Thompson making a geographical survey of the north-west part of the continent, who for three years, with an astonishing s{)irit of enter]irise and perseverance, passed over all that extensive and unknown i.ountry. His establishment, although not splendid, (the mode of travelling not admitting it), I I.N r All I '■riENi >, .s,«. IIJ l'r"rtfllt»u$ in th, A'l/rtA- Wmt itftrr thf t \mtin iif i tinuttti. Kxtracta fmiii Hiiiry'ii ■Iciiiinal iif Tiiivil in till) ,\'nl'tll-V\rMl, JSUO-lttOU. lien. Pike'd DbscrvatiouH nil tliu N. W. <'ii.'k trade, 1S0D-I80r. * Exploratorii trni-eh through the WestcDi. Territuriea of ymih America, by Zehulmi. Montgomery Pike. London, 1811. rp, 138-46. Tlio aullicir was ;in A uieiiciin olliceriuul traveller, born 1779. " 10 ;',jT" i> ;" ' j wroaiiwii^iis ss^v i»S^^;«iji^>i 74 Anliml ''"' '"^•'' *" t" '»II"W of tho most unli.nito.l ornonMo« i„ « *, • t;rX., *•;'«•!"" "Hinnu ..two..,, th. U , S» ':^: ; J'^jJ!^'''' '^V'"' '"^^'^^"''"- '^ -^ '"^ -1''-- _• "I"n>"n of fl,.. Xo,H.-W,.stCo,„,„„„. ^,,,„ " '• " '^''^'"■•^^'I'l" = an.l thin f ,li.,.„v,.,.,.,l to ho tlu, tl.e upper part of Re.l Hiver. „„,, „„,,,y t o^ , .': ;:;;^'"" ''^ "":"- ""^ "^ '>">• t-r. i..,,,- all once, of opinion, it is p.vs„,a.,,. ,.,,,.t ,,.. ^ ": . ^^ ^w " r'T ^''"^••'""" «""'"'• Tl,..s.,.lirt;.r 10 •lay; l,„t it is I„.li,.v..,l tluU .l..|av.s l.v nnfol,] L f " ''"" '"" ''"^•-'■""">"f>' "t tl... present wl.iel. .io not at present exist, 'ke ^^ , W. "u .^ 7 '" ""';" "'""*'•>■• ""'>' '"-'"^ »' ■"Iti" en U.e sooth si.e of Lake SupeHo.-. ,^;:;' t^ ^ : Z ^l;:^ '>^>'Hs,nnent. at seve... p.aee: •l.-l...r,.e the„.selveH into the Mississippi. The M^^^ Zl "'"'" "'"' ""'■ ' ''•"''^' ^''i-'' Lake. ai,.,ut o„.. l.„„.,,,.,, ,„,, .p,,. ^^^^ ,^,^,^ " ' ^^ ^ ;'^ < M- vova^e „p. .us at Low,.,. R.„, (,,,„, river, an.l .listant therefn.n. six , ,iles It i, s t t .1 i ?"* '"" "" ^''" *''^^^"'" ^i''« "f the ';"ii.H„,s. Hanke.. h, picketed .. stL o^ ^' • II^^ : "^I" '"""^ "'• ^^^ '^'^^ -., eonsi.ts of t^ situato.l on San.iy Lake. ^^ ""*>'"* ^ ''« "^'•''t f.stal.lislnnent I met with was Gen. Piki'a T),,, t,-< „l . ., . , obH..rv,,ti,m, ' " ' <" t at tills place is sit.iatc.l on the south si.lo nf M.. i i cri".!J).r «*'-'<->^ "f -0 'H.n.l.v.l feet s.p.a.e wi.h 1. st.V , s a t e . 1 T '"' '^''f ^"'" ""' ^'"-^^'^ "^ - im-mr. sn.all arms. The pickets are s,,„„re.l on the on i ie „ '.T ""' ""••"' -^^'^'^t angles pie.ee.l for 20 a... are thirteen feet ahove ,ro,'n.l. Ther a : U ; V^' T, ^^"''.'"•.'V'""^ """ '-'^ '" ••'-•'tor "-■th, an,l is ten feet hy nine; the one on the w t s?k f H , V"""''r' "'^' ^'■""^■^ ^''" ''^^^' "" ^'"o .ve ; as you enter by the n.ain .ate you have on he k ft . ■ '. " '"' °" "''^ •-^"•^*- ^^'^ f'^'-'t ''7 tl.. resi.Ience of the superintendent; onnor; to s ' T' V^ '""^ ■'^^"'•-^' ^^^■""^>' ^^^^^ "qnarc twenty-Hve feet hy .ifteen. the ..nar^e,:^^? n en , Z-:' h '^"l ^^^ ''"^' ^'^^ ^-^'^ '^ ^ ^'-s house on the right, thirty feet l.v twentv. an. o Jur efr 1 ", T' ^'''' •^■"" "'" "'"^ ''- '^toro- tarns rooms for clerks, a workshop and a provision Ze. "°^' '"'^' ^''' ''>' ^^'-•"^^'- -'-'J' eon- raised^ f:::;rirs:;r:r;:tr^^^^^^ ingeniously constructed vault to eu ta^n 1 e .Z^ , T\ "f '^'^ ' '" '''' -'•'—•" "i^ a v rv ,„ coneeal liquors, dry-goods, etc. ^ "'''""'• ''"' ^^'^"^"^ "^ewiso has secret apartn.entlto Midway between Sandy Lake and Leech Ink., w a west side of the latter lake rom throutllt f jJo M •"" '"" ""'"^^' "^ ""**'^^- «» the ,south- Lac departn.ent. ^"' "'^ *^° M.s.s.s.s.pp,, stand the head,,uarters of the Fond du The fort is situated on the western side of the lake in 47° in' ir' .».,•, the shore on the declivity of a rising ground h.vim I V ""''^^ '"''^^'''^ ^ it is l.uilt near north-west. It is a square stockad^ ^f . ^ ', 'i IS Zr^Zl TT' "' "'^"^ "^"^ '^'^'- "" *'- length, three feet under, and thirteen above .rro n 1 1 ^^ . ' " ''"'^'^•'^ ''''"" f'f^'^"" ''^'•'t in ten feet long; pickets often feet are Hkew e d H eni'o th" . '""'f'"' '>' ''"■'^''"^'^' ^'-. -^h the apertures between the large pickets At t e Zt n , *'"'"""' ""^ '^' '"'^'"^'^ "^ *^« ^^'°''k. opposite ,n firo.arn.s. The n.ain buildin^in the ar Vron n^I .e I I '"' ""''T "" "'"'^" '">'^^'"- ^'--'1 ^or '" storys high, the west end of ^vhich is oc n ^1 bv t V' T^' '"'' ''^' ^--^ty-five, one-and a-half a hall, eighteen feet s,uare. bed.-oo.n Z^t^ZuZ^T.:^ ' T' '" "^^ '''"''''-^' ■ '-" ^^'^^ welve and a-half feet square, with a bedroon. in .e l- :f " ""s T ""'" '^ ""^ ^rading-shop of large store, twenty-five feet by twet.ty under wl.iel fber ' T " ''""^'"^'"n" = t'-o east end is a over t,,„ ,,.,,, i„^,_ ^„, contains'b:; ; p cks^rjt T "f '"^^^^ ^ ^^^ '"^^ ^'^^-'^ besides tl.e ice-house, there are collars under s^uluFi P""'' ^''° "'^^'^^'^ containing wild rice • shutters are musket proof. ^" '" "^'^^ """^ ^^''^ "^ ^he building. The door and window-' ifiliUto him in(|uiiio»i ; iriil tVdiii till' oliN. rva- ['i, it wits liis opinion M)lirs(. (Voiii (lie Ii,.ft(l • liscovrKMl to 1>(. tlio l<', sjioak the l(U)j,'iiJif,'o t of our tonituiy nil wlii'ivas if the lino is 'luiy lit till' ciitmnTO ; I^'iiiikI. Tiii'sixliH;.,- 10 ni'iits at the present y pioiliifi' iIirticultii.H iits at several places ami St. Croix, winch ntLoM.rF?e.IfV.,lar t'a.steiii Hiilo of t},o B, and conHJ^tH of lo^ lent I met with was '1, and consists of a «t angles pierced for 20 "' foot ill diameter its the lake on tlio the east, fix feet liy wenty feet Hrpmrc st frnto, is a house will find thestore- twent\', which con- 'hieh last year they MU'Iosui'o is a very 39 'ret apartments to ;o. On the sonth- r.s of the Fond du On the western m.le Ih a ranK"J of l.ui!dinj:s, tifty-fonr hy ei-htoon feet, fronting,' the parirle, the first end of whlci. is a. coop.'r'« shop, eij,dite,.ii IVh l.y loiiite.'ii, wiili a cellur ; adjoininj; to which is a room culled the Indian Hull (expressly for the r.'ception of lli>. Indians, and in which the chiefs who met me in council were entertained). In this hull are two close l.tinks lor interpreters ; its .iimensions are twenty two feet hy eiKl'teen. Adjoining to this is a room, eiKht.'en feet .sipiare, for the clerks (in which io>' small party w. 1 urtered) ; under hoth of the latter rooms are cellars. On the eastern side ift a niii;,'*^ of l)uildin;,rs lifty feet hy ei;,riite..n, which hns one room twenty feet, and one of fifteen feet, forrpiartei-s for the men ; als > a hliicksmitli's shop of lifteen feet, which isoeeiipie.l hy an excellent work- man On the left of the main giite, fmnting the river, is a tliij,'-stair )f si.xty feet in hei;,dit. 10 Tie y intend l.uildin-,' a small bhick-houso over tlie main <,rate fn.ntiiij,' the laki', to place a small pi CO ot artillery in. There are likewise gates on the north and ea.st flunks, of al.out ten feet by eight. Here resides the director of this department. This de],artment brink's in animallx forty cnnoe.s, and it appears hy a calcnlntion >na(le l.y a gentleman of veracity and inronimtion, who hus I n eighteen years in the Indian trade, and in tlio hahit of importing goods hy Michillimaekinac, that the annual amount ftf duties would he about thirteen thousand dollars. The Lower Ue.l River, which f conceive to h." within our territory, would yiel.l about hiilf that sum, viz.: six thousand live hundred; and the Hudson Bay Comiiany servants, who import by the way of bake Winipic, si.x thousand live himdred more. Thus is the IJniteil States defrauded aiimndly of about twenty-six thousand dollars. 20 From my observations and infoi'nuition, I think it will be an easy matter to iiivvent the smu^'din" ot the bond du Luc department, by establishing a post with a garrison of one hundred men, and an oHice of the customs, near t!io mouth of t'le River St. Louis, where the Fond du \m: d.'partment must enter. This is at present the distributing point, where the Company have an estalilishmeiit, and the goods, on being received from Kamanistinuia, are embarked for their diH'erent destinations. That point also commands the conimunicafion with Sandy Lake, Leecli Lake, lied Lake, etc., etc. I iim also of the opinioii that the goods for Red River (if it is within our boundary) would enter here, in preference to being exposed to seizure. It is worthy of remark that tlu' charter of the Htnlson's Bay Company extends to all its waters; and if the British Government conceive they have authority to make such a grant, they must certainly eliiim the country therein siiecilied, which would extend far south of the 30 west line from the head of the Lake of the Wood.s. The North- West Comjiany were about to push their tiade down the Mississip]ii until they should meet the traders of Michillimaekinac, but I gave them to understand this could not be permitted. Z. M. Pike, First United Siw'ca Recjiment of Ivfanirij. flirTAIlIO Al'I'K.NDU. S.cTlI. I'mmiliniii m th Snrth- Wi »l ilftrr Iht i'tiinutit (if CaniutiK, (il'tl. I'lkft'll (iliHcrvutiont nil tliii .\. W. < '1 1. '1 triult), isor.-iHo;. ' ; it is built near five acres on the ing fifteen feet in izoutal bars, each he work, opposite 4Q stions pierced for ve, one-and a-half lartinent : he has • trading-shop of the cast end is a the loft extends lining wild rice; 3orand window- To HuoH McGiLLis, Esq., Proprietor ami Agent of the Xorth-Wesi Company established at Fond du Lac. Nortu-West Estaulishment on Lake Leech, February, 180G. Sir, — As a proprietor of the North-West Company and director of the Fond du Lac department, I 40 conceive it my duty as an officer of the United States (in whoso territory you are) to address you solely on the subject of the nuiny bou.ses imder your instructions. As a member of the greatest commercial nation in the world, and of a company long renowned for their extent of connection and greatness of views, you cannot be ignorant of the rigour of the laws of the duties of imports of a foreign power. Mr. Jay's treaty, it is true, gave the right of trade with the savages to British subjects in the United States territories, but by no means exempted them from paying the duties, obtaining licenses, and subscribing to all the rules and restrictions of our laws. 1 find your establishments at every suit- able place along the whole extent of the .south side of Lake Sui)erior to its head, and from thence to the .source of the Mississippi, down Red River, and even extending to the centre of our newly-acquired territory of Louisiana, in which it will yet probably become a question between the two Governments 7(5 A.™';. '''""''■''■;''*'■''■' ^''"antliomethoBritisl.suI.jeots to o>aor into fl,o v . , . ser,,,. ;■; "'-;^''-- I'-'^^ of o,,,. frontiers, tins n,.t i oi„. an C, " " "' '"' ^"'^^ ,"" ''" ^"'" '""^'^'"■^ ^ /;r,,w,« ,, !k. sa.,1 treaty. Our tndors to the s„„tl, onthl-^w Mi ' ^'"' "'"'te.l States at tlie time of '.k^Xm, •'"■^^•-. tl'at the nHMnhers of the North-W e.st I'ln v' „/ "I'T/''' '"'"'''?'" '"^ »-' ^-^'—t with "-•■"."/ -'St to..,.i.ory, a„.l trade witl> tJ.o .savages upon uT i. ;'"' ;"' "" ''•""'''■" "'" '""• -"-t''- ••"t.es of their goods in,porte,l fn,n. Eu^p,"C^:Z ,. I'r^'" ^^^ ^''^^' '^'^^ ""-''• -''" I-^ ^1. CanaUn. dm. T'iki''« Oliwrvatiniis "■ties of ti.eir goods in.ported Z.^^:Z^ 'ZZJZu. ^ '' iT ''"' ^^" """'"'• -''" ^^^ ^'- representafons ],ave at length attrnctcd the attentbn o „ ''S^'^^'^^n. prescrihed by law ; these with an intention to do themselves as wel Hu"rdif,„ "l'- "'?;'"'' '' "" ''■'^''' "^ 'l"e^tion, and to ..scwtain the facts, and nuke provis b, . •" n '"•'''■^'"•'':/''^'>' '^'' ^^'^^ ^'enr took some teps also local ol^ects in view, was I l^at^^'i^^^:"' l' '"'"' "''^' ^"'"^ ^-graphical, and o-^...eh are more particularly inp:t:rjhf=^ subjects are strictly prohibited to our U^^^, ^.ha . 2' Z U " . ''"'r' ,''^^^^- "^'""'■-' tore.gnersn.aking chiefs and distribnti„,.f!a,.s he tand f r '^^ "^ '''^ ^^^'^''-^^""^•^ 'o see accuston.e.I to look on that .standard whid. h^s .,,1', " '"'''"" P''^^''^'' ' ^''''^ -''vayes beinc. alone has authority in the countrv. it o l t;t . '^7 ' /^T"T" """ '"^^ ^--- ^ *^-t which l-uted subjection which is clainfcd over the t hcT " "n""^' '" "" ^'""" '-^^"'^ ^-"' ^1- cause o, t^K.ir receiving chas,iseuau.t, alth.Hd nces V vrirT\ 7™"?'' ''^"' ^'""•'^''•^ '^^ ^^^ 20 '-y tl.e pohcy of the traders of your countr^- I , , 'Ti ■' f ''^ ""'"• '"^^ ^''^W '"-^ve been led astray r-perly known, would be looked on with an ey^ tj^' 'f'^''^' ""''' '^''' >•-•'• -tablishmonts, if rcason.viz., there bninir so many furuishe, '•^, ' ''\^''-'^'^*''^^f t.on by our government, for another Z:^lh^- K-y'i^l' (-vonnnent would uoA^^^L f t " "" 1 ' ''''''"'' '^'^^■"^" *''« ^^ P— . t ^ ^«o-«o.. c.e to be distributed to the sava.es J, r'h i ^^^ J ^ "^ '^^"^' ^'^ "■™^' '^'■""-^■-■ he loss of the lives of nmny of our citizins Vo Zs' X f "'" """"'''''''' °'" ""' ^^''-''^^-T, and direct contradiction to the laws of nations and th ^ ' 7 '""''''^ '" •^"•'^°«''''J ^^^ks, are in foreign flag being expanded on boa. U ^^ ^^ ^r2^" '".^''^ ^'^' --«- -'-1. «nly adndts of I T , . ■ '"' ' ''*^ *'"^ residence of Ambassadors or Consuls I am not ignorant of the necessity of vn„,. i • • , consuls. -Hies of ^Inniken savages, or the nm^d^.i:^e;:: ^^ 7:^'-] l-fn as to protect you from the 30 consnlerations have I considered your stockades 'y ^ Jtl e (' '" J ""i'"""' ^"' ""'^'^'- ^''^^^ conscious, from the foregoing statement, that sWct i. sth ^"'"l-'-^''^^" -'''«'> you belong, must be directs unersiinilarcircunistances, a t^tail^fi'nrXr 'T''' '''' ' "^^"''^ you the law hues; but having discretionary instructions, ami TZlnTTT^' ^"""""^ i'npnsonment, and dictated t rough ni-will or disrespect to ouCJovc"mira,, • '''''''''' '^'"^" ""^'^'^^ ^-^ from the character of an oHicer to'embrace tlu-^ I !„ ' f"""'"" '•' '" ■'^°"" '^^'«"'-- ^l'^("'^''ti%' to sacrifice my prospect of private advantage cnsco^.^^^S '''''' '--^' ^ am willing 't.s dignity in the transaction. " ' "'" ^''^^ ^'"^ Government looks not to interest but to ^ '"^^■'^ t'lercfore to request of you assurances -■ fin. f 11 • , clucaner^^of ,aw,asagentIeln3-ouiil,; XX.^^^^^^^ t'^''' ^"""^ -'"^'' «- 40 to your agents at your head-,piarters on Lake Sup i^ .;,' = ^^' ^T ^^''^ ""^'^"^ representations spring for your establishment in the t,.rrit. ry f , ' , i ."' s^ ' '^ '""'' ""^'"' *'"^^ <^'-""ff possible, for them to enter them at the ('„ Z rr ' " ^''^"''' ^""'^ sufficient, or as early al and license to trade in due forn,,,:^t'u:^/;:riw''''''^^^^^ '^"'' "^^-" « ^'--n- said territory under your direction, an.l at n 1^^ '-diate instruction to all your party in the to be hoisted, the Knglish flag: if you cmiedvM "" '"'■*""'" ^^''"'t^'v-er, to hoist, or suffer States,-it is the only one which 0^:;: "tC'^ 'w^,^'^" '7 '"'^'^ -' "^ ^""t of U.e llni^ .ne. al to an Indian, hold Councils with them pol ia '" "" 'T' "''^^•"" '"•'''^"'* ^^ «-^"' «'• rade; but on being applied to on those hea,ls vil eAh n t lb "a """" '"■"■^'" ''"'" ^'^^ "^ ^l- 1 tlio same footing as itate.s at tlie time of )iir govoiniiu'iit with itiiTH i)f our nortli- n aHonl, who pjiy the •iUm\ by law; tiiase ji-'ct in question, and IT took some stops me geograj)hical, and y of troops to the 10 cnJing licyoiid our, Moii of the duties, government. 'ty, and (lags of liis States. If ])olitical Executive to see The savages being ■ars, as that wliich 111 revolt from the id thereby be the £0 ive been led astray r establishments, if "lent, for another lie two powers, tlie irms, ammunition, our territory, and losed works, are in only admits of a or Consuls. 'tect you from tiie 30 and under these 111 belong, must be •Hure you the law iipi'isoninont, and ove noticed was ilegree departing 'Vs, I am willimr to interest but to etting aside the 40 re])resentation3 cd the ensuing . or as t'ariy as ain a clearance our party in the hoist, or suffer lit of the United •esenta flag or ■om that of the informing them ^q em. There aro 77 many other subjects, such us tlie distribution of liquor, etc., \,'hieh would 1)0 too Ion'.,' to be treated of in detail ; but the Company will do well to furnish themselves witJi (lur laws, regiilaliiig the commerce with the savages, ami regulate themselves in our territories aceonlingly. I embrace this npportunity to acknt)wle(lgc myseli' and command under similar obligatlni Ml, tlK'N.W. Cit'H trade, isou-isor. 10 To Lieutenant Pike, First Reijiment United States Infantry. Leech Lake, Ljth February, ISOG. Sir, — Your Address, presented on the Gth instant, has attracted my most serious consideration to the several objects of rcr!iiii« House register. Our intention has never been to injure your traders, paying the duties established by i''ik'.',"i.-ith law, and hope tliose reiiresentations to your government respecting our concerns with the Indians may ^^■''- '*"^' have been dictated with tnifh and not exaggerated by envy, to prejudice our interests, and throw a stain upon om- character which may require time to efface from the minds of a people to whom we must ever consider oursidves indebted for the lenity of procedure, of which the present is .so notable a ,"^0 testimony. The inclosures to protect our stores and dwelling-houses from the insults and barbariiy of savage rudeness, have been erected for the security of projierty and person, in a country till now exposed to the wild will of the frantic Indians. We never formed the smallest idea that the .said in- closures might ever be useful in the event of a rupture between the two powers, nor do we now con- ceive that such poor shifts will ever be employed by the British Government. In a country over- shadowed with wood, so ade(iuate to every purpose, forts might in a .short period of time be built far superior to any stockatles we may have occasion to erect. We were not conscious. Sir, of the error I acknowledge we have been guilty of, by exhibiting to view on your territories any standard of Great Britain. I will pledge myself to your government, that I will u.se my utmost endeavors, as soon as possible, to prevent the future display of the British Hag, or the 40 presenting of medals, or the exhibiting to public view any other mark of European power, throughout the extent of the territory known to belong to the dominion of the United States. The cu.stom has long been established, and we, innocently and inoH'ensively (as we imagined), have conformed to it till the present day. Be nersuadcd that on no consideration shall any Indian be entertained on political suljects, or on any affairs foreign to our trade ; and reference shall be made to the American Agents should any ap- plication be made worthy such reference. And be assured that we, as a commercial Company, must find it ever our interest to interfere as little as possible with affairs of Government in the course of trade, ignorant as wo are, in thi;; rude and distant country, of the political views of nations, 78 Ontahio \\t . Appknimx. ^''°''™^i"cecl that the inestim«hl«o^ , .s™.Tu. -"^ '^ -^^''ii-^>. a .no... mJ::^^:;^^-"'''"^ /••- ^'- -'--urs of your Govern- ■..o.„„,„,, ,„ ^tates, a.-e ,.ut uc,,ui,-.,.,l tl>.ou..h the .nor. il , / ' ^""'^ ""^ ^'"^ '^^'''■'^'^'y l^-'lon^Mr... to the ulih 1 -tabJ,.she.l, according to co.a.uon ju.stice. "" '" ^ ""^ reyulatio.i.s of trade that n.ay bo fl'ixt ilflirtht ('''.^.■'liiil ii/ Canaila. ' to Lieut. l'il«s l.-.tli Feb. im>. «.n.ill..st .,lea ot doubt, wheu we see a man ent 2 T' '''"' '" '^'^ '^"""•'•"-l ''eyo.id the m eve,y respect so confo.-.nable to ecjulty ^ '"' «°^«'-nn>«"t, a.ul whose transaction, are 10 It is to vou, Sir we feel our,.I . '^°'"^"'' "°* •^^'^^Pt^d- ;i-;-u..-behj,d-/ith:^;:— t^^^^^ -;-- ?f'"^°^---- --" - - } "u to,t,tude va,„j„ished a„d by vour pe.iv 2n '! ^'^^"''"^tes. The dangers and hardships bv - the a,.„als of the Nord.-West Cc..; ,^ wZ Z^^T' T ^'^"''' ^"' "''^ ^^ ^^ P^^veJ exi.o.sed he.r hves in a h.n. a.id peri ous ,nar 1 th, .? ^^ "'" ^""^'''^''-tion "f those who have «houd th.nk ou,-.selves under the n.ost st.-ict obJi ..Hr ^ P''^'" '" ^ '^'^S' '^"""try) we 20 \\ ith jjroat consideration and hioh resoocf f\. fl n expres,s .ny esteem and regard for yJu ' ''" Govorn.nent of the United States^allow ,ne to I am, Sir, Your most obedient servant, H. McGiLLis, 30 of the North- West Company. 'ours of your Oovern- 'onging to tlio United to contrilmte tovvarils •luties cstiiblislicd by >i:' trade tlmt may be ;asurc will be adopted ionKnned beyond the ■ate consideration to liose transactiont. are 10 policy may direct, we to be to promote the fc excepted. our, estcuMi and re- ^ and Jiardsliips by 1 over be preserved oi' those who have ad eveiy distress to ivage country), we 20 know we are in a irtue, and tlierefore igl'ly honoured by States,- allow me to ^est Company. IV. pijjcclluncou, OSTAIIIO AfPKNDlX. Sec. IV. MiHCelliincoui. THE THREE CHARTP^RS TJ SIR WILLIAM ALEXANDER. CHARTER* In favour of Sm William Ai,EX.\\ni;n, KxKiur, of the LoRnsmp and Bauonv of Xew Scot- land IX Ameuica, 10th Septemhei!, 1G21. [Tmndatcd by the Rev. Carlos Shifter, A.M., of Dedlunn.f J.\_MES, by the Grace of God, King of Groat Britain, Franco and Ireland, and Defender of the Faith, to all good men, clerical and lay, of his entire realm, greeting: 10 Know ye, that we have always been eager to en\brace every opportunity to promote the honour and wealtli of our Kingdom of Scotland, and think that no gain is easier or more .safe than what is made by planting new colonies in foreign and uncultivated regions, where the means of jiving and food abound, especially, if these places were before without inhabitants, or were settled by intidels whoso conversion to the Christian ftvith most highly concerns the glory of God. But whilst many other kingdoms, and not very long ago, our own England, to their praise, have given their names to new lands, which tlicy have acquired and subdued ; we, thiiddng how populous and crowded this land now is by Divine favour, and liow expedient it is that it should be carefully exercised in some honourable and useful discipline, lest it deteriorate through sloth and inaction, have judged it important that many' should be led forth into new teriitory, which they may till with colonies, 20 and so we think this undertaking most fit for this kingdom, both on account of the ]H'omptness and activity of its spirit, and the strength and endurance of its men against any ditficulties, if any other men anywhere dare to set th.emselves in opposition, and as it demands the transportation only of men and women, stock and grain, and not of money, and can not repay, at this time when business is so depressed, a troublesome expenditure of the treasures of this realm ; for these reasons, as well as on account ot the good, faithftd, and acceptable service of our beloved counsellor, Sir William Alexander, Knight, to us rendered and to bo rendered, who, first of our subjects at his own expense, attetnpted to plant this foreign colony, and selected for plantation the divers lands bounded by the limits hereafter designated. We, therefore, from our soveroigi anxiety to propagate the Christian faith, and to .secure the wealth 30 prosperity and peace of the native subjects of our saiil Kingdom of Scotland, as other foreign princes in such cases already have done, with the advice and consent of our well-beloved cousin and counsellor, John, Earl of Mar, Lord Erskine and Gareoch, etc., our High Treasurer, Comptroller, Collector and Treasurer of our new revenues of this our Kingdom of Scotland, and of the other Lords, Commissioners of our same Kingdom, liave given, granted and conveyed, and, by the tenor of our present charter, do give, grant and convey to the aforesaid Sir William Alexander, his heirs or assigns, hereditarily, all and single, the lands of the continent, and islands situated and lying in America, within the head of promon- tory, commotdy called Cape of Sable, lying near the forty-third degree of north latitude, or thereabouts ; from this cape .stretching along the shores of the sea, westward to the roadstead of St. Mary, commonly *Fr()m tho work iSir Willintn Alexander and American CvloiiiMtion. Publication of the Prince Society, Boston, 1873. ^[Ntite by TninHldtur.] — Tliis transl.'ition is made fiom the Latin as found in the "Great Seal Register," and printed in the c«il&ctiuii of rcu^til LeUtjib, CharltiiB and TiauU, by die Baiiaalyne Club, Edinbui'tjii, 1867. Charter fnim Kill},' •'iuiit'8 I. tj*ci-wt!Wtfff. -■j:i^-i^^m^iM-,rs^s^ » ^■a 80 A?.p^^vr.. '""^"' ^^- ^^'^'■y's Bay, and thence northwanl by a strai.rht lino • n «..e-Tv «'?' '"""'^^^"'J -''i'''' runs towards tho ea tern n t ^ , ' 7^"' "" f"'"'^"'^' °^ "^""^^ "^ '^^^ ^- ■ and Ktechcnini, conuno.dy called Su.U.uJT^I'r^^:',^: 'l^^'^T:''' ''' -'"^'- ^^ ^hc Suri.ni «- ^^'- and Ktechenuni, conuno.dy'c;n;rs;; ^^ ""'"h ."' ^'^ f^I '^•"'^"' ^'"^ ^"""^'•'- ^^ ^'^ ^-^'i"' of St C i, „.a eo the roLtest spHn,!:::::;;!..^:^ "r', !. 'l^''^^: S-rany known hy the n:L Miaccllancoua, Cliartcr fnun Kiiiff.laines I. t(. Sir Williiim AI(!.\illlliiT, intli S,.,,tem we, lUJI. Of St. Coix. and to the remotest s^ ^0 o .7^ n"' T ''"" «^"^"">' '"°^" '^^^ ^'- - - -"tothcnrst mentioned river- thence i.v an ? '-'^ """ ''^''''^ "^ ^'"^ «"i»^ which enmtv arl,our, port or shore commonly known and^a led I H ";.'";"' "'^■'' "^ ^^""''^' ^° *'"'' '•'ver, sonth-east to the isles called BaLaos o ^ e B ,,M """I^ "' ""^''^^ "' ^^^'^I''^'' '^'"^ ^''-'-' -"f' of the said .reat river of Canada, or k .e I, ;'; r?"" '" '^f^ ^ *'- --^''^ and the n.outh belonging to the sa.ne lands, on the left t 4'ee to to ^^^^^ "' >-fonndland with the islands 10 lyny near latitude 4,5°, or thereah.uts- a .d 2 tt ' ^^^^^^^^^ '"'"' "* ^^^ Breton aforesaid, west to the ahove.nentione.] Cape Sab e vl r th h ! r'" '''^'" ''"'°" *""''^'-^' ^'^ •^-•^'' -- the said coasts and their circumlirence. i^om ^^^Z^^ '"'''f'^' ^"^ ^^''^^-'^ -^""^ bays, shores, islands, or seas, Ivin.^ near or within s,x 1 continent with the rivers, falls, north, or east sides of the saufe c;a t and bT, , T,'' "" "'^ '^''''^ "^ *''^' -""^'. «" tl.e west lies) a.,d on the south side of theZe ^^ C^^^: b^:' T T'' ^'"r^^"^ ^'"''^'^ ''^^^ ^-*«» forty leagues of said sea-sl,ore, thereby inc din. 'tlh'n ^l . ""' ^"'-V'^''^'"''^ ■^""t''-"'> -ithia Sablon. lying, towards Carban, in conuno snetch s t f !, '"'"'"""'^^' ^''^"-^ i«'« ^^ Sable, or said Cape Breton seaward, and bein, in ,::;;,r:J'r:^tc::::;lr' ^'"^" "'"^ '^^^"^^ ^-" ^'^« also t;^^;^;?^ w!,r.Sri:i:^- 'V- °^ -- ^--^^ =- AmeWca, and '' give nan.es to the san.e at his pleasu.t ^ " ^'^''^"'^ '^^ '""'''"^ ^^^^ ^^ J-"- and Lhall and -'^— ::;r^^^^ -.rs of iron, lead, copper, tin. bra., iv.S and reh'nin.i. the sam., and converting/ t^'n. 1 ' ! " * '"" ^''"'" '''" '-'^''t''' '^"'1 "'" P"''ify said Sir wiiiianous heirs or a:^:irL:r:::.n^^ ""r ^^ ^'-■' -- ^-'^o l lands, reserving only to us and our s;ccessors a X " If ''"'° '^'''''^^•^^ ^''"^ ^" <=«t-blish in said ^ .Ki silver, which shall be hereafter ^^0^:!; ^ tt T Tf "• '""'■'^' '""^^'^ ^^ "^ "^' o-M his aforesaid, whatever of other metai^ of Z," ^^7, 'f '^^ \ '^""^ ''" '^"' ^'^ Willianwu., successors n.ay be able in any way to obtain from the ea I ^"\ ''^•": ' ""• "t''°'' minerals, we or o,.r 30 cas.Iv bear the large expense of /educing the afo estj^j,^^, " T 'h ''''' ''r'y ''--V ->• tLe n.ore and. ..y other precious stones, quarries forests ilket '" T '"''' '"''"»''^"'^^' ^^''•'"'^^^' P^^rl, both salt and fresh water, and ofS.otlM-ovl ad !it^ "T^T ''^'^-' -'^t-^' ^^''-i in he sold or i,d.erited: with full power, p.i "1: i '" f'f "'?- ""' "'^'"''"" ^'^^ '"^^ lor ever: with the gift and right of pir.,n,. f orjl u", i f ^'■^V;'->-'^->'' '^''-P'-'''-y. and chancer, cics, and the services of those holdil U.. t,^^^^'' f"'^'"' '^'^ ^''''''''''^ ^ with tenants, tenai adndralty within all the boun.ls respLtively^nt o^^UWe , " /'" "^'""^ "^ Ju.sticiary and freo towns, free ports, villages, and barony towns and If t r" '"""'' °^ '^''""'S "P ''^^^t^''"' bounds of said lands: of holding courts of iZ an f. it'!"^^ '''''^''' """^ 'airs within the ports, and seas : also with the p^wer of i „pr w r,: " '"'" '^' "'^'''" '^'^ "'"'^■^ "' «->' lands, rivers, ,o and other revenues of the said towns. ,nar7 fa rf,n7 ' ""\'''-''^^'^"'^' ^" t""^- --ton.s. anchor dues as freely in all respects as any greate; or les'se ;,: „ in o'tn'R "" /" 1 TT' "'' "^'"^' ''^ -- past, or could enjoy i„ any future tin.e : with ali other n I ' ■?''"'"^ ''"^ '"^'y^^ '" «"y perquisites, profits, and dues concerning and belon-in-^ tf!?;? i '? ^"'''^"'^''' in"nunities, ,lig„ities, which we ourselves can give and g,;nt as fre:^? '^"^ "'"''■ """^ ^''^ bo.n.Iaries thereof ancestors granted any charters, letters patent enfeo^finUlf !" Z ''™^'' ^""" '' '''^ °'' ^">^ "'" '""• "«b!e whatever rank or character, or to anv sLie^ or co"^^^^^^^^^^^ or co„H„i,,i„,, to any subjects of parts, or searching out foreign lands, ;n.l in as free ami? T;^""' ■'"''' '"'"'''-^■^ '"^^ any foreign this present charter : also, we n.ake. const tute and or hin tl 7'V"'^ ! ''*' ^"^"^ ""^'^ "'^'-'^'^ i« and assigns, or their deputies, our heredita^l" In^ :« ""I'V'" ''""^"' ^''^™'-' ''- beirs 50 both .y sea and 1, land, in the regions of tl ^^al^U ^i^ i^^jrSrZ t^XZli^S fince or mouth of tliat )untne.s of tlio Suri(iiii ly known by tlioHJiiiio ■St'ino, wliich empty concuivoil to extunJ into tho^'rciit river of Canada, to the river, ipiu, and tlienco soutli ' light and the month iiid with tlie ishuids 10 ape Breton aforesaid, ward the soutli and nd contaiiiinir witliin witli tlie rivers, fail.s, le same, on tlie west, (wliere Cape Breton Is sontliwiird within led Isle de Sable, or iy leagues from the xnd in AniericH, and rovince, or in any part of the same, or who may lisk their goods and fortunes for the advan- tage and increase of the same ; also, of removing the same persons from office, transferring or chamnng 30 them, as far as it shall seem expedient to him and his aforesaids. And, since attempts of this kind are not made without great labour and expense, and demand a large outlay of money, so that they exceed the means of any private man, and on this account the saitl Sir William Alexander and his aforesaids may need sup])lies of many kinds, with nuuiy of our subjects and other men for special enterprises and ventures therein, who may foiin contracts v/ith him, his heirs, a.ssigns or deputies, for lands, fisheries, trade, or the transportation of people and their flocks, <^U and effects to the said New Scotland, we will that whoever shall make such contracts with the said Sir William and his aforesaids under their names and seals, by limiting, assiLjning and fixing the day and place for the delivery of persuns, goods and effects on shipboard under forfeiture of a certain sum of money, and shall not perform the same contracts, but shall thwart and injun; him in the proposed 40 voyage, which thing will not only oppose and harm the said Sir William and his aforesaids, but also prejudice and damage our so laudable intention ; then it shall be lawful to the said Sir William and his aforesaids, or their deputies and conservators hereinafter mentioned, in such case to seize for himself, or hi.? deputies whom he may appoint for this purpose, all such sums of money, goods and effects foi'feited by the violation of these contracts. And that this may be more easily done, and the delay of the law be avoided, wo have given and granted, and by the tenor of these presents do give and grant full power to the Lords of our Council that they may reduce to order and punish the violators of such conti'acts and agreements made for the transportation of persons. And although all such contracts between the said Sir William and his afoi'csaids and the aforesaid adventurers shall be carried out in the risk and the conveyance of people with their goods and eflects at the set time ; an' '" "'" ""civilimi - ...to i,i. ... ., .. ., ., .:!;: -i^irr ^^^^^^^ r ;- birt,^:i;o^;;;;tr;o ti:::;!;£t': t :l;r::r irf -'^^^ ^i ^^t'"?"-^' - -- ^^"-^ -^ ^"->^" better laiowan,l„lH,ytlH.pow..r an rau],,Sviv. ?"1^' T "'''"'"'"- '"-^'"'"''i-. '"ay the faithfnl eoun.sellor and his .lep, tie n ^ h ' ^^'-'^ '" ""' "^'"■'"'''^ ""'' ^^''""■•^"> Alexander, our tin. n>ake. grant, and es S t t 1 :t Z':7'''''' ""'"'"^ "^'' '^""^''^^^'^ '^^ ^'^ «'"^" '^^ ^^^ grant lands, and execnte justice i^. s^t^ t Z ^ I "ir^TT' 1 '^"'""' '" '"'''''' '"' ^"'^^ 1<» assigns, in any part of sai.l lands or n s vi in 1 fh '"''"'" ''"'*'^; "^'-'t--'"-. 'leputies, factors, or do order that the said Sir muLlZ^a^^ ^r^'' -V' r'n'/'"^ '''''' '"'' ^^""'^'^^ "f'--''' to the office of lieutenant of judi i y a^ ; ,2l v "f?^T^''^'^' '^ • """ """"'"" «""'' I^^*-'-^ aforesaids or their deputies, i^ all tn^ercr S t : fX ^^ "" ""''r ^'J^^"""^'' ''"^^ ''^ be engraved, with these words on the circle and ZT- i . L " "'"' '"''* "^ '^ ^""' '■>'•'"« ^''mII ./....//;...;.,.andonti.oth:s ::^ :t:r§;:,^::^ ScotU. locum Tencnte ;" and a true copy of .'sha'^en'r '"'■';' " ' " ^" '''^ '^ " ''" ^'''^'''^^ of the privileges of New Scotlan.l and fh l ^ " ^'''''''' ""'' •^'"■^' "^ the conservator itisve!y in,;;rtantthat,^:;;::;:: Si:;::^:--^^^ ^'^^^X -.-- Andas C.a...,„ l^ord--^ - ■' live in the fe.r of Ahnighty G d,tja e ^ • .^^ HrT" "' ""i"' '""f'"" '" ''' '' K^r.... an earnest purpose to establish the Christian roll^onZr^^^^^^^V'''''^ ""' ""^' ''"" T;V.lli.,„ the native inhahitants and sava-o al,ori.dnes of H, , . . cultivate peace and quiet with I.. .lex.nder and his a.resaids - ^:^ ^l^^ 1 t^X^^^ •niniste. whon. they shall a,,point, free and absolute w , ZLZZl :""""""' °""" " fnendslup, mutual conferences, assistance, and intercourse witli tho ^ "' "^ ^''''''' '''"'•"'" and any others bearinL^rule and ,.ou „, , ., ' . ^''"^:^ '^''^-''^Se abongmes and their chie ance, s. and any others bearing, rule and i.owerin'.o //l '' ''■''■'^'" '■^^'"''.^i"--'^ •■'n-' thei, featie; as they or then- a.;.;^ I^,; ^f w h" h T! '"• r77 "'' "^^^"'"^ ^•'^'' ^^'^'^^^^ ^-'^ kept faithfully by these barl.rians a f Z ^ ^^ ^ i.^lf T 1 '" '''''" ""'"' ''" ^'"^ ^^''-^ -'«' ^0 they n.ay be reduced to order, as shall se^^ ^ ' « ,. ' 2l Si t^:'' "'T^ ''""' '"'"' ^^''"■'•^'^ ties, f,.r the honor, o],edience, and service of God%n 1 1 ^V '"'' '"' ''^'^"■^^•^"i''-^ "">1 'lepu- authority an.ongthe.n; with power irt:U^: id slwilituny'l't""' n'' ""^"^"^"'^" ^^ ^- .selves, or their deputies, substitutes or assi. ns- T H • ^^'^'f "''er and Ins aforesaids, by them- just occasions herLter.'of aUack^g^S ^i 1 ^ ' ^h ^ .fiT"'"" ^ • '■ ""^^ '"' °" ^'^ by sea as by land, and by all means all and s.' ,. ^M^^'''",^. an.I by arms driving away, as well Sir Willianf and his aforesaids Id lit 1. t'' " M ' T^T'' '^' '^'''''^ "^'^^'-^ "^ ^he said New Scotland, or in any partlf ll!: s^^^I 1 3.::^ " ? ^^ ^™''^ '" ^ '''' "™^'"^^ "^ any damage, loss, destruction, injury, or i uasio- a la J a ' " P"r'"V'''" ^''^""'"^ *° '^""^ And that this may be more elsily done t shatl " d ^IT^ "•,"':' '"'"''''^""ts of the same : ,. saids, deputies, factors, and assigns tlvV con 1 i^"^ ^'''' '"'^ '-^f-'e- ' same; to bring tlH.naogether l/pr^ a aC^^.; ^^^^^^^ ^"^ "''"'^^''^-'^^ «^- tbe to the said Sir William .md Ins aLesaid to "^ 1 1, M ^ 7' T ;■ ' "' ""^'' ''""'' '" •^'"^" --» "^-^ NewScotlan.1 and tvading there, fl •" b^^^^^^^^^^ ^^^^''^ ^'-'""'^-f the said increase of the people am? pi... i.g of .sadlms'wftfu ."'"'' T"""'"'"' ^^"'' -'-•^-— ^ and William Alexander and hi aforesaids the d\ "" I'^^^^'' P'-'^'''^^^^^' ""'l l^-erty to the said Sir submit the.nselves to our sway for enter n.,nnn, ''^ '"'" '™ °"'" '^"''J*^^^^'^' «'' ^^ 50 away to tlio UDcivilized ill tiic Inn, Is piuviou.sly lawful n.r ihe said Sir 11(1 to .s.'ize ami convert ■HI, or any one of tliuni. I) also others of fdi'eic^m inorcliandise, may the iViili.'Un Alexander, our I'aet.s a.s lie shall at any to govern siud colony, lo I's, deputies, factors, or and consent aforesaid )minoii seal, pertaining iain Alexander and his e of it onr arms shall ft Scotia' Aiiijllir Ji'riDi- esowonls: " Pro Novoi re of the conservator 'hall rei|nire. And as ■ ^^'^v .Scotland or its 20 ■orship, and may have Jieace and quiet with otliers trading there, 'eril, we, for om-selves to tlie said Sir Wil- vernnient officers and "ring peace, alliance, ,'ines and their chiefs, ag such relations and I'e, on the other side, 30 iainst them, wherehy at'oresaids and depu- preservation of our at'oresaids, by them- all times and on all riving away, as well 1 license of the said he said Province of 111) presume to bring liitants of the same liam and his afore- inhabitants of the s as shall seem best he limits of the said nd enlarge, lent and orty to the said Sir any seas whatever ell furnislied with ftea as shall seem cts, or who wish to lorses, oxen, sheep, IS they desire, and ■40 50 I 83 other commodities and necessaries for the use of the same colony, for mutual commerce with the natives of these provinces, or others wdio may trade with these plantations ; aii.'oda„,ation, shall fully restore our .oo,ls ^c rri ; w'' ^ ^''•'^^'•'"""••'' ''>• tl- aforesaid •satisfaction, ,o that the sai,| princes ami ot. s i 7' ' . '"' "''' ■^"'■'' '■"•'"'•'^■■^ ■^'^"" ""-^ke full i^ tl- authors of such critni .h^H ,"i: , '';:;;;f ^'7^ r'' '"'" '''""^"'^'^^ '''^^'^'-'- A-'- wuhin the limited time, then he, or those who h.v 1^ ^'^tisfaction, nor be ca.eful that it be nmda ■shall be under our ,overnn.ent and pr t b t i r,Tr' ■^"^■''.P'""''-. »->''-' -o, ,u.r her-after 10 "tlu.rs whatsoevr, to proceed a^ai, st su 1 ,len 1 »'y'""-tted and lawful to all princes, and then.. "' ■'"^'' ""^"^J^'-*. -'• '"'y of then, and with all hostility to invado toallenj,.i,dng in the said voya.^e save those wh , ^'^ " 'f''''^''^ pennission and assurance special order; and, accordin/to o r , es Uch r '' ","'"'"" "^ '''''''''''' '^'^^^^ ^'Y any thi« cotu.try and ,o to the s:id region oNe.siLT 1?,'"' '^""^^^ ^'"^ "" I^"'-' '-/'-- allegiance to us ; for which purpost, we b. "^1.!^ l"'? ''""' '""" P''^'^''''-'^' ^'^^en the oath of and his aforesaids, or their conservators' and de.n iesf, !,'''' '' ^''"/'"'^ ^™''' '^'' '^'^'^ «'•• ^ViHiam <^-om and adn.inister it to all persons pro" if ^ ^t^ni^'l! n"' l T"'"''' '" "^"^^ ^'"^ ^-'' '-^'> ^0 ourselves and our succes.,,. with tl.e advice and It ' " t'^ T l'"' "''""^'- ^^''''''■'^'•' -« f-' -Si^;;-;---^^^^^^^^^ .at., su,.. Of our Kingdo of Scotland, or the free power of rcguh^t!!:;: J'^^^r^^S^'^J'^f f* ^° ^'^ ^^^^ S"' William and his aforesaids. Province, of any n.etal, in what n.annerin o ill f . ti::: T'^T" "' ''"" ""''^^^'^'"^ ^^^ -'^^ A , , • f . ^''"'^ "'"^'^ '^''oose and direct for the same And if any questions or doubts shall nris,. nn fi • present charter, all these shall be taken and' exnl ine i„'7"'"^' T^ ^'"^truction of any clause in our A\'illian. and his aforesaids. Besides, we of ou '. iT' .'7 "' '"''"' '''"' '"" '''''' '^^ *''^ -id Sir ,0 kingly power have n.a,le. united, annexed .-etd ,e ,,"'"' '""'"'' '''''''""' '''°^' '^""^«"ty. and present charter. ,lo ...ake, unite, annex, e cc c^.^ 'e " i ' " 'TV'"' "^''' ''^ ^''° ^^^ '^ "ur province and lands of New Scotland, with aU tl't.^s n Ih;.-:' ; H "'"''^ "" """^'^^'-^''- ^'^ -''^ Mlver, lead, copper, steel, tin, brass, iron. a..d a..y other , ine , " 1 '""''' '"'^ '"'""''"'^ '^^S^^'' ^'^^I th.ckets, mosses, nia-^shes. lakes, waters, fisheries aw I n S',' '' ^''"""' ■'^'^"'^■^' '^''''^'^' ^^''^^ts, as of others, cities, free ports, free vil a^es "w^s „1 „"''"" ''^ '" "^'^- ^^ ^^^'" <^'' ''"y"' «-^he -ills, offices and jurisdictions, and all other't :; '. ^ 1 am ?";• TT'"' "'''''''''''■ '"-'''»-' ^.^nd fr. lordship and barony which shall be ^^ii :;:'.r:;^\:ri!:^:z:- province before described, shall in all futu e tine 'eff-e' ve ^^^^ i'/ , "" "'' ^^"^' ^"^ "l^" *»'« whole region, with all the parts, appendages pri e thickets, mosses, marslie.s, lakes, waters, fisheries, as well in fresh water as salt, as well nf royal tishe, as of others, states, free towns, free jiorls, towns, hainnial villa;,'es, seaports, roadsteads, niaehines, mills, ollices and jurisdictions, and all other thinj,'s generally ai.d s|.eeially mentioned above; w ill. all other jirivileges, liberties, immunities and accidents, and other things above mentioned, to the afores .id Sir Williiim Alexander, his heirs ami assiLjns, from us and our successors, in IV.'e ^covenant, iidieritanee, lord^hij., barony an.l royalty, for ever, thn.ugh all th.ir ju^t bounds ami limits, as they lie in length and breadth, in houses, buildings orecte.l and t. b.' erecte.l, bo^'s, jihiins and moors, tnarshes, roads, jiaths, waters, swamjis, rivers, meadows and pastunvs ; mines, malt houses and their lefuse, hawkings, huntings, fisheries, p.^at-mo.-MM, turf-bogs, coal, eoiil-pits, coneys, warrens, ..loves, dove-cotes, w.)rk^h.)ps, 10 maltkilns, breweries and ..w.im ; woods, groves and thickets ; wood, timber, quarries of .stone ami lime ; with courts, fines, pleas, heriols, outlaws, rabbles of w.juien, with free entrance and e.\it, an.l with f.u'k, l'.).-s, s.ik, .sac, theme, infiingtheiir, oiitrangtlieiff, wrak, wair, veth, vert, vennesonn, pit an.l gallows: ami with all other and singly, the liberties, commodities, profits, (>a.sements, and their rightful pertinents of all kinds, whether mentione.l or not, above or below grouml, far and near, beh.n^ing, or that can belong to the af.jre.said region an.l lor.lship, in any manner, f.)r the future, freely, (luietly, fully, wh.>lly, honourably, well, and in pca.(^ without any revocation, contra.liction, impediment, or obstacle whatevers Annually, at the festiv.il .)f Christ's nativity, on the soil of the .said lan.ls and .>f the province of New Scotliui.l, the sai.l Sir William Alexand.T anil Ids aforesai.ls .shall |'ay to us ami our heirs ami successors, under the name of .piit-rent, one penny of Sc.ittish money, if so much be .leman.le.l. •20 And bccau.se the tenure .)f the sai.l laiuls, ami of tho Province of New Scotland, ami the .niit- rent ab.)ve-nienli.ined, may fail through want of the timely an.l lawf.d entry of any heir or heirs of the .said Sir William suceee.liiig him, a thing which they nuiy not easily accomplish on account of tho great distance from our Kingdom ; an.l these same lands an.l Province on account of the non-entrance, may come into our hands an.l those of our successors until the lawful entrance of tho legitimate heir- and we being unwilling that the same lands ami region at any time should fall irrto non-entrv, or that tho .sai.l Sir William an.l his aforesai.ls .shoul.l bo thus deprived of the benetlts an.l prolits of the same therefore we, with the advice aforesaid, have dispensed with the sai.l non-entry whenever it shall occur and, by the teimr of this our charter, we, for ourselves and our successors, do dispense ; an.l also we have renounced an.l exonerate. 1, and by the tenor of our present charter, with the consent aforesai.l we ',iO do renounce and exonerate the said S'r William an.l his aforesaids in rcsjiect to the above-mentioned non-entrance of the said Province an.l region whenever it shall come into our hands, or, by reason of n.m-entry, may fall, with all things that can follow thetefr.jm ; provi.le.l, however, that the said Sir William, his heirs and assigns, within the space of seven years after the decease an.l death of their pre- decessors, or entry to tho ])ossession of sai.l lan.ls, an.l of other things aforesai.l, by themselves or their lawful agents holding powers for this purpose, do homage to us and our successors, and come to, and i-'ceive through us, the said lan.ls. lordship, barony, and other things aforesaid, according to the laws and statutes of our sai.l King.lom of Scotland. Finally, we, for ourselves and our su.'cessors, do will, decree, and ordain that this our present charter and enfeofl'ment above written of the lands aforesai.l, lordship, and region of New Scotlan.l, and the privileges and liberties of the same, shall bo ratified 40 approved, and established in our next Parliament of our said Kingdom of Scotland whenever it shall ."ot, so that it shall have therein the force an.l efficacy of a decree ; and for this we, for ourselves and successors, declare that this our charter shall be a sufheient warrant ; and, as a Prince, we promise ti. the same shall be ratified and ajiproved, and also we promise to alter, renew, increase, and extend the same into the most am]»le fonii, as often as it shall seem necessary and expedient to the said Sir William and his aforesaids. Moreover it has seemed best to us, ami we order and enjoin our beloved . . . our sherifTs especially appointed on our part, on seeing this our charter under our great seal, so to give and grant to the aforesai.l Sir William ami his aforesaids, or their attorney or attorneys, possession and seisin, actual and real, of the lands, l.jr.lshij), barony, and other things mentioned above, with all privileges, inmiunities, liber- 50 ties, and other things above expressed ; and this seisin we, by the tenor of our present charter, declare to be as lawful and regtdar as if he hail a precejit, under ])roof of our Great Seal, and in the most ample form, with all clauses requisite for the aforesaid purpose .; which we, for ourselves and successors, do Dniakio Al'l'KNDIJ. S..C. IV. Miitcitliini'Ht.^. i Chfirtcr friim KiiiK' .'anu'ii I. tiiSir Willi.iin .Mi'Xiiiiili'r, l.itli Si^iiti'in- l)ir, 1021. «() Ontaiiio Al'I'KMilX. S.C. IV. MUfilliinnms Cliiirti r fmni I. t..Sii- Wllll.,!il Ali'XillnliT, lOtli S,.|,t(in ber, Hi:.'!. Karl of Mt.!r„.s. [.,,,1 l!iM.,i,„. an.l lu ' J ^>^'^'a.Hl ln,„l„irt, Xc, uur Cluu.cdlor ; Thunus Written to the Great Seal, 2atl. Sq,te.uber, 1021. J. Scott, Sealed at Edinhiirgl., 20tli Scpte.iibcr, 1G21 ^'■"^'''• Ja. Raituk, cours,. is not f.n.na i„ tl.e H.Mster"tri'' V , '.'^•^''''-'-^'''t "f the eharter. ■Written/ .tc., of 20 lioy.a Letter., Vhartn., and 2'rnlls ^ ^"'"^ ^""^^' ^'•^'■^^•' '" ^^""""'//- fW/.c,;,,,,/,„/, ,,,,„•, ,,.,„„ ,. , '. Ku„w ye •■ t., the sentence [85 ,0.,), „„ ,„,,,, („,,„„„„ .. i, "' ' V^"^'^'" -"t-'- ['" ""'']• -" I-.e he.inuing. lOl-'l. Tlus „art . thoref,.re „n.itfe,l here, an.l the reader is rill TnlT'' ""'' «""^— •" "» "- ^"'-ter CJ ^::^r^.. in which case the hoi,, an., a.i„.es of the ...I^Tw-n T" ^^ "" '^ "^"^ ^^^'"'"^•^ w..;.. f..resaid non-ent., enjoy nnd ,osL a„l. l: ' ^ ^^^Z 1^ t"'" ^'""' -'^-^^'^^-1'"^ the ^•"" ' '^^:f -^''' ^-^'' ''" -' -..Hlry pro«t.s. connno-lities ,e it' '-"'^■-'•■'t.y- un.l iordshi,. of New Haul non-entry had never happen.-l, oras if thev Irul n v , f 1 ^^ ' "' ^"''^''' "^ *''° ^"'"'■' "'^ ^^ irs 1 IXn Jr^^^f^^^ "^^^^^^^^^^ tobH-^de^.^^^^^ narrative of L.w Pr, ceeCn^s pnva.el, printe.U KU Z '^,83;" .'n^ 'J'^7^ T,''"^"" ^"'■" ''- ^M'pen.lix to a Nova hctia .coins, to prevent any cenf„..iun with t^^^a^t- • ^^'^ ^"="""■"1 ''^" l^^'on intro.lnced wherever widely diiferent." ^^'"' "'« ''■•«-"' P'-mce of that name, the ooundariea of the two being :)o affixed to tliin our is of Haiiiilt,.!), Marl of Kfitli, kc, Marslial of (.'liaiiccllor ; Thuiiias, :oinirilloia, BaruiiDtM ; [ii'oi;,'!) Hay, of Kiu- yf Oniii.itoii, Cli'ik of iiitl, 1021, and of our 10 Ml] siibscrilR'd hy the i our (J.iimai.ssioiiers r. St'frrr, Gratis, a. Uaiihk, Gr's. but only a rcfurenco r, • Written; kc, of 20 atijne Collection of ilENSTRiE, Knight, 1 I'ot'i'iidor of tho ]. 'Ill pagu beginning, TK," !i8 (ho C'liiirtor of is lioro H'luitinj,'.] itwitlistandini,' the il lordship of New tliesamc, asif tlie30 Finds, country, and d bounds and seas tliers, witli jioArls, .foppiT, brass, tin, [atives, offices and L'said Sir William me, (bily and law granted in favour form, as accords, n it sluill liappen. 40 dety, Boston, 1873. the Ajipendii to a iitroducod wherever ies of the two being 87 Moreover, wo, with advice before writt(>n, for tlie t,'oo.i, faithful, and willing' service performed ami rendered to us by the said Sir William Alfxander, and lesp.ct bein^' bail to the (jreat and iiiardfnld ^'■'.''\"'*- expenses and eharnes bestoweil and expended in th. planliilion of tlir said bounds of the lonUhip and /*"'-■• '^'• country of New Scotland, and reduction of them, under our obedience, and for other woi^fhty andonerou.s •"'"'"'''^""""• causes, have of new ^dven, u-ranted, and dispon.'d, nnd by .air present charter, ^'iv.-, «rant, and .lisp.m.' to the befor.i-m.'nfioncd Sir William Alexander, and his heirs and as>i;,'ni'es, heritably, all and sundrv tho foresaid lands, lordship, and country of New Scotland, together with all and sundry castles, towns, fortali.'cs, manor places, houses, buildin;,'s, built and to be built, ''aniens, orchards, planted and to be jilanted, tofts, crofts, meadows, ;,'ra/iii.i,'s, woods, shrubs, mills, multures, mill lands, tlsliin;,'-', as well of 10 red as of other fishes, salmon, large Hsh as small, in salt water as in fresh, together with alT and simdry teind sheaves thenM.f included, as well great as snuill, with the presentation, gift of benefiees, churches, and ehapels, and rights nf patronage thereof, annexes, connexes, dependencies, tenants, tetuindries, and services of free tenants of the sanio; together with all and sundry precious stones, jeweds, crystal, alinri, c.iral, au'l others, with all an.l sundry minerals, veins, and (piarries thereof, as well of regaf and myul metals ami minerals of gold and silver within the said boumlsau'l lordship of New Scotland, as of other minerals of irim, steel, tin, copper, brass, mountain brass, and other minerals whatsoever, with all and sun.lry parts, lundieles, pertinents, privileges, liberties, and immunities of all and sundry the aforesai.l hinds, lordship, and country of New Scotland, with full power and privilege to the said Sir William Alexander, his heirs and assignees, of trying and searching, digging and examining the ground for the 20Kame, and extracting, cleansing, refining nnd purifying them, an.l using, converting, and applying them Nnvo.kn,ui. to their own proper uses, (the tenth part of the royal metals, commonly called the ore of gold and silver, xviiiuiJ,'''*^'' hereafter to be found and extracted out of the said lands and country, only, being reservi'd to us and Al.xunlliT, our successors), an-l the remainder of the said metals, minerals, preciou-. stones, jewels, an ! others wliat- liiu'i." "''' soever, to belong to the said Sir William Alexamler, and his heirs and assignees, to remain lorever with them, and be, with all profits and duties thereof, converteil to their own proper uses ; with power to tho same Sir William Alexander, and his heirs and assignees, of building, constructing, and erecting upon nnd within all the bounils of the said country, as shall seem to them expedient, cities, free boroughs of barony, towns, villages, harbours, ports, naval stations ; and on appointing fairs and markets, as well within the town as without, au'l imposing, levying, and receiving all and whatsoever tolls, customs, 30 ancliorai,'es, ami other dues of the said cities, boroughs of banmy, towns, villages, fails, markets, free ports, harbors, naval stations, with all ami sundry casualties, profits, and duties whatsoever ; and furnish- ing the said cities and boroughs, as well within borough as without, with sufficient and able niagislrates, justices of the peaee, i)rt)Vosts, bailies, aldernujii, constables, and other ofHcers, citizens, free biuyesses and manufacturers, crafts of all kinds, with tluir deacons, and others, thereto re(piisites, with full power, privilege, and liberty to them, or their chililren, citizens, and burgesses, to sell wine and wax, salmon herrings, and other staple goods and merchandises, as well great as small, and constructing churches, chapels, hospitals, maison dieus, market crosses, belfrys, bells, and all other ordinaiy ornaments thereto belonging, and ])lanting the said chin-ches, and sulliciently providing them with sufHeieiit teachers, * preachers, pastors, and ministers : Ami in like manner of erecting, founding, tunl constructing 40 common schools, colleges, and universities, sufficiently proviiled Mith able and siitiieient masters rectors, regents, professors of all sciences, letters, languages, and instruction ; and of providing for suffi- cient maintenance, salaries, and living for them to this effect: As also of erecting prelates, archbishops, bishops, rectors, and vicars of parishes, ami parish churches, and distributinc and dividing all the aforesaid bounds of the said cotmtry into divers and distinct shires, provinces, and parishes, for the belter provision of the churches and ministry, division of tho shires, and all other civil police. And likewise of foimdiiig, erecting, ami instituting a senate of justice, plicos, and collei"'es of ju.stice, senators of council and session, members thereof, for the administration of justice within the said country, nnd other places of justice and judicature. Further, of erecting and appointintr 50 secret and privy councils and sessions for the public good and advantage of tho said country, and giving and granting titles, honors and dignities to the members thereof, ami creating,' their clerks and members, and appomting seals and register-! with their keepers. An 1, also of erecting and instituting ofHcers of 1^ >;? ? HH Ari'K.MUX. Sw. I V. Mmcr/funnntt, .stato. a . hamvllor troa.snr..r. co.nptn.Il-.r, roll.otor. .s..o,ve„ry, .vivoctn or attorney Kon..mI clrrk or lors, nn.l HfjentN theruof. and oihor iiioiiibtTs iiocossory. p mnsanl prelates, as well yveral, specmUr provincial ,n....,in.s „,s ..tf.ers, for ocvl,..sia.sti..al poli.v ^t ;:G:::^;T'^'"''^''T?'."'"'''r"^^''^^^^ .n..i,.an,h.ss..n.l,li..J acts Matut.s. an. .i..cr,...s tla-reon cnncli.,U..l, for the Letter authority of the .same' Further wo have VVi im.M Alexander, and h..s he.rs and a,ss,;r„ees, our and our heirs' and su.ve.s.sors' l.i 'u.enant.C Jen.ral 10 uf .Nc« Su.llan 1 as „ell durin^ ih, space in which he slmll remain .here, as on his or their v^.ya,e to the su.d country, or frou. it, an.l forover. after their return, without in erval f e r Zl hu ;:r;: ii ir^;T\''''''r"''fr '^ "" " --y ■i^'-M-Ht.aut;.:;; ! h ret fn n : . '""'"'Is and lord.s ,p of New Scotland, or to any judicature or jurisdi tiou her tofo.o m N.r e ol any fore«o>n,- or s.d.e.p.ent ri^d.t or title whatsoever; And with special power .. lu. sa. S„. ^ d hnu. A exander. and his foresaids, o, .overnin,. rulin,. pu.dshin,. and , u i " d suKjects, and o her nd.aiutants of the said hounds and country of New. Scotland, or .ersonHoi e uther violators of the p.ace or of the laws, and of n.akin,, sanctioning, and estal-l shi . la t'l -^ N,,vo,„u.„.,,. , -•" 7-' - ™.a iwjth huvs of justiciary, adn.iralty. stewardshi;, re.alitv. and she, Ishp a/ 20 rw,.t„s. he.r ^,0. pleasure. p.ov.de.I the said laws he as confonuahle as possihlo ,0 th;iaw;;r Scotland r 1^ ^.u';;!r ':? '"' '" 7-"-^--.l''7.oount,y.pe,sons.and their ..ualities; And. likewise, of ,',n';^ „,, • >. ul rs. conunander.. and heads of all and sundry the foresaid cities, boroughs, ports, nav 1 sta ions and ha. .ors. and a so cap an.s of castles, (ortalices. and fortresses, as well l,y I. al.d n' ar the sh ! ' ^ and. we 1 and sn hcntly prov.ded, appointed, and fortified with troops of soldivrs and force or t :::::: 7:1::' '^ '^--;"' '"---^'- thereof, and the ropellin, of all don.estic as well as , r:i!!: r M.s n,. of all other force and v.olonces whatsoever ; And with power to the said Sir Willian Alexand : t ;: 'Tf ' "':'?:•■'■•;'■'• '>^'f'^; ^' "- «-■ ^^-'^^^ and county of New Scotland ^f^t^ 30 > ngh„n.thesa>d K„.«dou, aud other hounds convenient, all sorts of n.unitions, .reat and sn.all greater ordnance, cannons, denu-cannons of cast-iron. Hwurds, .uns of hrass and iron ami other nu pn de.. 1 dls, and other necessary provs.on and arn.s. as well ofFensive an.l defensive and w^. in. Z us,n. such anns. as we w.tlun the said country of New Scotland, as in thei. passage and p ^s the sa.d land, or fro.n then,, with their c ..upanions. associates, and .lependants ' " Also « e, with advice foresaid, have „,ado, c .nstitute.l. and appointed the said Sir Willian. Alex- count,y an.l lor.lslup of sew Seotlan.l, High A.hniral. and Lor.l of Kcgalitv and A.ln.i.a tv withiV t he sa., count., here.hta,y H ,h Stewar.l. also, thereof; and of all an,l sun.hy such ,.,.':•:; ; " , ' 40 o h,,u a.,.l h.s h..,.s and ass,^ces, „f usin. exercising, and eru,ni,.g all and M.n.lry 'tl, o^^ Z i :'Z: nn'nr '" '"V'? f ""* -'"^O- pnvileges.;,.eroga.ives. inuuunit : A. nn.als, She,.,frs, or Lords of Regalities, had. or can have, or possess, an.l enjoy the ;ai,rju,' die „ d ..atures.ofl,c,.s. d,gn.t.es. an.l p,.,-.,,ativcs. in any of our ki.lg.lo.ns. houn.ls. fn.l .io.ni,.io sw . ever; witl, power to the sad S r Williaiu Alex-ind,.r mi,.I l.ic i,1. 1 • v .^ wnatso- sundiy the foresaid jmlicatures and urisdictions n^sDcctivelv with -.11 fe. ■ l„n 1 ^ a.i ami thereto belonging as shall see... to the^u expedient ; wlt,:::^; ^ILIIJ;^ 2 Ir ll Xa:::: .g hts, or ,l,spos,t,ons, by us, or our prodecesso,-s. to whatsoever person o.. p.Lons who are S b 50 port.one..s of the sa.d plantation of New Scotland, procee.ling upon thl ..signatir of .h. itr I 8§ •nt'y j,'eii(«ml, elf rk or ticcry, conservator or (if caiisos, and Nolici- Mifs of ecclosiastii-al ir t'lv'li'siasficiil [Pdlici; , niid iLssciiiMii's, wiUi II' ; l''iirtlu'r, wo have I ai'iioint, till' hrtiil Sir l.ii'iili'niuiU (Ji-niTul 10 country ami lorilship (iH on liis or tlii.'ir ■rval of time or placo ent'tU, autliority, and .Kiut' or jurisdiction 1 witli s|)i'i.'iui power 1^', and pardoiiini,' all ,mi, or pL-rsotis i^nxwg alilishiii;,' laws flmrc, y, and slicrill^liip, at 20 s of Scotland, respect (•wise, of appointiiif; i, naval stations, and U'iir tliif sliorn ii.s liy ii'.rs and fori'cs, for ie as well as fonii'n ■f of till' said country ir ilic ri'|H'lliii;f ai:d ' William Alexander, Scotland, of trans- 30 '' ''"^'^"^ ^'-■-^" "^ what- and assi^noes, l.l -it U Iv for ;, "n '^""^ '" '^''^ ^"'^•""^^ '^"- ^^'''"-" Alexander, and In. heirs i".aneei,ere.rore.:i,;:L:: 1. 1™'^::!;:'^™:;^'^:';^^:^''''^? ^'";f t'-- ^i ^^ -nt or ibr con n ^ :^o/: 'ZuT ? T" "'' ''"'V^""""-^ "^ -'y Poi"t of the said original infoft- tl.e said original in ea,nen ,,. "T'l"'" "' ^•""""i--" I'-.i-iicial thereto, and whereby " initmnent made, in any wav be awliillv Imfn,,,,,. i .hi- ■ . acquitting, and ren.itting the same sinH,iVite^ wit iVll HH ' T '" ''""'"""' ^"^ ^^^'^ competent, or that may be comnotent ' • '' '''^'""' '"'"'"'" '""' '"^^••^«*' J'^retofore Jure lit, et enusa can pZ^TnoaTi I "",'"".7"' •^r"'^'^'"'^' ""''"'-'"" ^''— -"I''-iter .-H which we Win toC;:.,:;; .z^:::!:i:t:l p;S';;;:.t "^^^^^' - -" - --'• - happl: 1: ;:;'„::. y^'iiiid'^ito::;'^ r \;:' ::; '"^'-^^'-^ ^^'^" -— y. -•^— r it ..11 ,, and connnit,,„wer to the said Sir W 1 :, I \ 7!- T""""'"''' ^^''^'' '"^'''' f^''^'^"'''- .'^''^<^' K''"'t William an.l for the readier conveniemv . J iT " ' '*'"'' '"""'''>' '^"'' ''"'^'^''M' of New Scotland, iS:^^:- ;o-m and .shion T tt!;;!.".^ "^T ri! ^^r^r^^lit^''^ '^^"^ ^ ::::/;iriro;:i;:;;L:?"::. ':rT ^^ - - — - r'^-L^:\r:;i:^ n>r „s and our succ.;' ^ w i, : ij 'L:^^! """•"'" '"■" ^'"^ ''"'•P'^^'^ ^ ^"••^•-■' ^^ -ul by our present char er, ! ve ra t t UV t P? f"';* nT'^''' "''""''' '^"' ^•""«""^'^' and his heirs and assi.niees alUlacJs"nri V ^' . "'" '° *^" ''^'""^ '^''" ^^'"'""" Alexander, ever, «iven, granted, «^.;;:^t^-^:;'t^'^^n '"""T I"" i"'^"''"''"---' -^'' P'-dencies whalso- ,, ander, and his hei s and :i ' "nees a id h s^ . '"" , ' T' '"""'"^^' '" ''"' ™''^ '^"- ^^'"'-•" ^^'-- New Scotland, over the K I'h Bar^^i """'' ^^"""^'^'^"'"'^^ ^^ ^''^ -''1 c^u-'t-y and lonlship of tion, so as the said S r m^l^:' "" T'T"' '""""""' '""^ "'^''"""^^"■^ "*' ^''^ -''1 P'-'^- f...esaid, shall, an I m.-u" ' I ^ "T t •'"' • ''^■'■•--^l-'™''"^' "f his body, as Lieutenants esquires, lairds, and .n.nii:n 1 oo'l^T^^ P'-o-ennnence, and precedency, as well before all Baronetsof .,u;.,saidtiti anda ot "f /' 'r'""'' '^^ '""*"■" *'" ^'"^ '"'--'^ '^-^''''•^ privilege of dignity to ti:..? ca! L^ n T "" /'"" ""' ''^"'"''^■^ ^''"'""^'t'^' i" ^"-t- «'' ti'o colony^of New Se tan : d " if ^r^" ''""" 7"'>'-/«^' ^^'^ -Ivancement of which plantation and foresaid, created in our aid Id "do i of S T'"n'; '''"^ "'' '^'"'^''''^ '^•"•••"^^'' ^-'•^■' -i^'' «''vi- 'avour conferred «po \^h 3 Z: ^ U I i.: n f "" ^"^''^ "'"' ''^'"^^' "^ '^ ^''^^'■•' ^"^-> "^ «- 40 tion and colony ; with this eC 1^ - ourably born person.s, portioners of the foresaid planta- "^'^ exceed one hundred and filty ' ' '''• ""^' ""' ""'"'"^'' "^ ^»»-' ^'-re-said Baronets never tlwsou:1li::'::i^:tZe::•''^^^^ "-vt^"'^ ^"~"' -^". <'-„.„.., ordain that next Parliame.nt of our ki ml n. S. "I ' ^" ''^""''' '^PI"-"'^'-"'' ^">'' <'""""-l i" our an act, statute, and Tcrt o t a ' 'r " • 7 "' '' ""^' '--'"- fo-', strength, and effect o declare and ordain thi^^^il^i^Tc;:;:!::::;^ r " "'"'"' '''■'''' "^ '^"•' -"• — -. .aid Parliament, for the ratS" ,, an 1 • > ' V T' 7''''"" '^^ ""' '^"'•''■^ "^ *''^' ^^'^'^'"'^ «»' ou ""'• I'^vites and eac «="• f-nnation ihereof. in manner before written : Moreover to con.stituted, ./reetin. • t^tJ. a'T' "'"^^'-f ^^ "'' ■^'^^■'■'•^'">'' ^^ ''^''-'i"^^ '» t'-t part, e.spedl ly ,.. lia... Alexan;^.r,orldsee:;^:S;:^ ^Z^::^^; r^^Ta' H '"^^ T' '"'-''' ^'^ ^^^ mt... prcbcnts, Iier.tai.le state and sei.sin. aa well a.s cor- 91 1, of US, our Iicirs and ell iiiiui.s, coiiiitrv and undry parts, pcndiclt-a I otliers, .specially and it, jii'titory, as well a.s could liavo, claim, or itifs thereof, of what- resaid, for tlie reasons •xandur, and his heirs r, \Titli all action and 20 ler, and his heirs and nents, as for nun-ner- a said original infcft- thereto, and whereby I w Sootlaml" ia iiitroJiicod instead of " Nova Scotia" wlierevcr the Latin form occurs. CllARI.KS, by the (Jrace of Ood, King of Great Pritain, France and Ireland, and Dt'fend"r of the Faith, to all good men of his whole laud, clergy and laity, (ireeting : Know ye, tliat we, being per- fectly mindful by what engagement our faithful and well-beloved (Councillor, Sir William Alexander, of Mcnstrie, Knight, our Principal Secretary for our kingilom of Scotland, and Hereilitary Liotiti'uant 30 of our country and dominion of New Scotland, in Amei'ica, has sustained great charges and expenses in his various undertakings in the providing of ships, engines of war, orilnance and munitions, in the eomiucting of colonies; as also, in exploring, settling and taking possession of the said country; and whereby he and oiu' other subjects who alongst with him were tri find a settlement in the said country might be assisted by the further dilfusioii of the Christian religion in those parts of oiii' dominions, its propagation tlierein, and the expected revraling and discovery of a way or passage to those .seas which lie upon America on the west, commonly called the South Sea, from which the head or source of that great river or (Julf of Canada, or some river flowing into it is deemed to be not far xample ainjady exhibiteil by the said Sir William in the exploring and settling of the said coiintry of New Scotland terminating at the aforesaid (Julf ami River Cautada, he has pro. posed cstublishuients by him in those i)artsof the plantation which seem to be favourable for the propa- 40 gatioi\ of the said religion, an ' tending only to the great lionour and profit of our ancient kingdom of Scotland, whence it may come to pass that the said colonies to be planted by him and his successors may by this meatis in process of time discover the foresaid way or passage to the .said sets, much hitherto for ver\' weighty consideration desired and so often by various persons undei-takcn : 'I'herefbre, and for exciting tli(> more earnest resolutions of the said Sir William, his heirs, assignees, portioners and associates, to further progress in such and so great an enterprise, we, with the special advice and con- sent of our very faithful and well-beloved Cousin and Councillor, John, Fiul of Mar, Lord Erskene tuul Oarcoch, oin- High Treasiu-er, Comptidlli'r. Collector and Treasin-er of our new augmentations of our kingdom of Scotlaml ; our faithful and well-beloved Councillor, Archibald, Lord Naper of Merchings- toun.our deputy in the .said offices, and the remanent Lords of our Privy Council, our Commissionei-s of our From t\io work air WilUnm AhriiJiifrr awl Amcrirnn (hlnjiizitlidti, I'uhlio.-itioii of the Prince Soeiety, Boston, (Ili.irtcr friiiii Kiii^ Cluu'lfs I. to Sir WiUiiiin Ali'xandtT, L'nil l''rlini- ary, HL'S-'.p. if' 1873. f Tlvis noto is in tho work from which the Charter is now printed. "^;^i OMTAHK) Ari'KNiiix. Sec. IV. Miscclhnu-inig Charter from King ChurlfB I. to .Sir William Altxaiider, 2iid Fohni ary, l«28-!l, t».e saul Uulf (ineluJin. therein U,o -n-^t is kn 1 A ? T-'"'' "'"" '^ '''^"■'^ '^""' -''-'^ "to and .spone.1. a.ul. by our present el.:.;: '^^ .t:t"": i' r^'^°' ^"' ''^^-^ ^''^■'^"' »'--^-'' \\Il.nn.AIe..ander all and sundry islands lvin.^WtCint^ '^'"'' *" *'"^ I'efore-nan.ed Sir - -.CO up to the head, fountain, and s.n^'^^T^rT '"'"l ?""''^' ''""'" ^'"^ -''' '"-"' ""'' (which ,s thonght to be towards the Oulf of C b;! 1 in'"" " ''^' '"' *'" '''''^'^ ^^■''-"=''' '^ "-v. any ot a. r.vers fiouing into the said river Ca,^ i^ o in ht '' '^""r/'" ^"■""'"^'" «->' "'• -'thin "^;^i:;ht^^^^^^ ^^'^ - -- -- --: t :;;? ;^-r-^ ™^^^^^ ^o -es^;r^;;';;!;L:;::i.f SL^^^ ---- ^^-^ pre.nt barter ,. and ,.. to the Canad.. ron.thesai.ln,outhandentnncet'o :1 n '"'; "''^''^ "' ^''« ^"'--'^ -- mdes of the saul other rivers flowing into the san e as l," ' ^'^""^f;"'.'':"^' -"-« tl.ereof; ,l.so on both «ea, or waters, through which any ol the said r" V hie , l" •" ""'" °' "" '^'^^^^ ''^^^•^- -•- °f the in I'kc .nanner we have given and granted, and W our — "7"; "" '" "'""' *''^'^' ^^■"''-*^' ^ -^^ S.r ^\ ,ll,„n. Alexander, and his for.rsaids, a 1 a d whc.k tl . T ' "^''V^'^" ^^'^ &'-nt. to .he foresaid on land, from the foresaid head, fountain and on e of ■ " 'i n"' '"'^"^'''' ""^ ''"''' '" '^^'^-^ -''^ what.s<.ever lake it flows, down to the foresaid G T Sf""^ T'^' ^^•''~-- '' ■>■. or from 20 found to be. w,th fifty lea.gnes altogether on bo h s" s of H r* ^''■■^^•^«--'- ^hc distance .shall be nver) Canada, and tbdf of California, and Hk^e : an , 'Vb TTl '■''''" *''^ '''' ''^'-' '"' (t'- California ; as also all and whole the lands and 1 nnn • ^ ^^' "'""'''' '>'"^' ^^''t''i» the .said Gulf of - .ther they be found a part of the c i :'t T " ri","' ''^ ''• i"'"' ^"'^ ''' ^''^ ^'^^ ^'^ ^^ winch rs eonnnonly eolled and distin.nished by'thl Z::!7^:;,Z^'^' ^''' '' '' ^'^^"^"'^ ^''^^^^ -•^•) fo- -"^rur^:.ei:::..f^ndr'""i """ '^ -^ '^•■-■'* ^''-^- .-ve and grant an, Sir William Alexander, hi^ ^^ : r:^,";; rTl ''""''' ''•"•"^'^""">- -Hnn t^l^^e^ u! con.p.ered, or discovered, at any future i m b r ' '""\''^'^''' ^hat shall be found 30 nssoc.Mtes. or others in their name or 1,„ ' " "'" ''''^ «ucce.s,sors, their partners «;lKdebo„.,sandpassagesforesa:rLn aJ:S.r:t'"" ^T "^"" '^'' ^'^ ^ - Charges Uself into the .said Gulf of C'anada t^^ t e .1 ^ « ;T^^^ .-''' -■-■ Cmada, where it thereto adjacent, which are not yet really an. ant 111 « ahforma, or the i.slands in the seas of any other Christian Prince, i co:Z^' ^U'T'"' ^ ^^''^^ "'"■ ^"^'i^^^' "'• ^'- -^i^ absolute power to him the said Sir Willirun A " i X, " ''•'°:'f^''>P -^I' -• with fulUml towards, servants, and others in their name, of estatn . m T''' ^'"'' '' "« ""'"''.s). (heir b. rore.na.ned places or bounds, or anv part of them I. ? T" ""'' '"^'^'''^ ''" ^""""e.ee, in the "il others fn.m the .sa.ne ; ,also, oV! it .^ r ^' ^'"""""'' ^"'' °^" ^'"'^P^^ rerson or persons shall seem t/. hin ^n'lrX' "'^ 1 ''^' '"'"' ''•^'-^' '» what.: ^^ ,. oKservanees. within all the l.fore-nan.ed I'u d a he c" i"'""' ""'""'"'"' '•^^^^™^'-'^. -"1 soever Charters or Patents gn.nted to bin. , *" '^" '" ^^'^w Scotland, by what with .ch. and as great privUegel^^nd' inm; „S; ": 'i;: ^T ""T^ '' '^ ""'-■-' ^'^^ and othe,-s above written, as well as in the e. an '''^ /"'•^•'''"^' P'-^^''^ or bounds, islands .S.r \,ll.an. Alexander has i,. X^w Scotland by M f ''''^"'' '^'^ "" ''^"^'- '^'^ the said' da e.h.t__ which privilege contai,.edeLri:T t"'"■^"^ ^'^^^"^^ ^^ ^^^^ '^-tland to be e.,ually sufficient and valid, and altogether o 1 same T"':;"'.' '''""' "'"' "^" ^''^■"'' -^' «-'-" Iiartcr, give, grant and til Illy, forever, all and id Newfoundland, at 'alls and enters into liavo given, granted, iho before-named Sir in tlio said mouth and lake whence it flows lillion Sea), or within •s, or arms of tlie sen 10 pass, or in whieli they ■■e and grant to the 'f the foresaid river hereof; also on both ■id lakes, arms of the they terminate ; and ,'rant, to the foresaid as well in waters as woevor it is, or from 20 le distance shall bo he said head of (the bin the said Gulf of the west and soutli, > thought they are) and grant, and •m to the foresaid iiidry other lands, shall be found, go , their partnei-s, M^ sides of the r Canada, where it islands in the seas cts, or the subjects 1 lis, with full and no otliers), their commore(v in the lling or debarrinir •r, to whatsoever ^q restrictions, and ;land, by wliat- oui-selves; Also, bounds, islands "il, as the sai.l New Scotland. them, we ordain 't. as if each had fie not particular present charter, gQ J declare, for us D3 and our successors, that this our present Charter or Patent sliall in no wise be prejudicial or derogatory to whatsoever rights, Charteis, or Patents, granted t(i the foresaiil Sir William Alexander, or his fore- saids, of, or concerning New Scotland, at whatsoever time prece.ling the date of ihese presents, i.v to any head, clause, article, or condition, therein expressed, as also sliall Ite, without prejudice, to JUiy prior charter granted by us ere now, or to be granted at any time to come to whatsoever 15iiioiiets within Scotland, of the countiy of New Scotland; prohibiting ami forbidding all :inh and entry; and with all other antl sundry liberties, .'immodities, profits, easements, and just pertinents thereof wdiatsoever, as well not namid as named, .'}0 under ground as above ground, far and near, belonging, or which may justly belon,', in any manner, for the future, to the ftircsaid lands, with the pertinents, freely, (juietly, fully, entirely, honourably, well, and in peace, with gibbet, ditch, suit, liberty of pleas, toll, power of having servants, forestry, sea wreck, ware, waif, venison; jinisdiction over thieves taken within and without the liberties; pit and gallows, without anj- impediniLnt, revocation, contradiction, or obstacle whatsoever; paying thei'efor yearly, the said Sir William, and his foresaids, to us and >• successors, one peiniy, Scots money, upon the ground of the said lands, or any ]>art thereof, at i, 'east of the Nativity of our Lord, in name of blench farm, if asked only : svhich whole and entire fore-named lands, spaces or bounds, islands and others, generally and particularly, above expressed, as said is, we, with the special advice and consent foiesaid, for us and our successors, have erected and united, and, by our present 4.(1 charter, erect and unite into one entire anil free lordship forever, to be calleil of Canada, heritably be- longing ami pertaining to the before-mentioned Sir William Alexander and his f<»resaiils. Also, we, by our present charter, are graciously pleased, that whensoever the said Sir William Alex- ander and his foresaids, or any of them, shall wish and desire this our present charter to be reneweil, with all and sundry beneficial clauses and conditions, as in the said prior charters or patents of New Scotland, or as he, his foresaids, or any of them, on consultation of counsel, or by any special examination towards the further or n»ore certain diseoverj- of the said places or bounds, rivers, lakes, arms of the sea, or pas- sages, and others above mentioned, shall seem to be more advantageous and ex|)edient, then, and in that case, we, on the word of a prince, promise, that we wid renew and alter the said charter to the foresaid Sir William AlexaTidei- and his foresaids, in the best and most ample form that can be con- gQ ceived : Moreover, we, by our present charter, with advice and consent foresaid, decern, declare, and ordain, that seisin to be taken i)y the said Sir William Alexander, or ids foresaids, at our castle of Edinburgh, as the most eminent and principal place of our said kingdom of Scotland, or upon the soil OSTAKIO Al'I'KNDlX. Sff. IV. Miyeilfannntt. ChartiT from Kintr Charlet 1. til Sir William Alexander, 'Jnil (•'••bru- iii-y, Kll'S.y. :1 li;' N ssi: i*i ^^^^fe^'Watete^feaptjjj^fea 94 .v,s;j,L. ;."». la,,.,., b„„„„:. i».i,,:,., l:;!:.: : „ V . *^^^^ ••?"";;"•' »;'■■•'" ";- '•'«- — l.eirs of the foresaid Sir Wiilinn, an,i Im f,l«,.l , ' "^ ' '''^^ "' l""-t""i tl'^'reof ; un.l that the lands, bounds, i.htnds an 1 otl^r ' ^c s il '' T'^ ^" '^''"'^ '" '^" '""' •^""'^'•>' ^'^^ heforo-nan.e.i said country and i.,rdsl„-n of Cairn! ■ ^e said hn ^\ill,am, and his fomsai.ls. in the afore- sors, have dispensed, and by om- let hi; J "'-•'" '""""' ^"""''' ''"' '" '^■"' «"^ «"'=''- And further, we have nrade and constituted, and. by our present charter. .aWo and constitute ^^ bailies in that part nvin-.' an.l .ranf!. .' , n""^' ''^ *''""' *=""J""'=tly and .severally, our, an.v one of thon.'fo ,i "" " tirf." d^deir F'T T' '^'""'^^ ""^^'^"^ *" ^''-•'- -"> Lis fon.saids. or to tlanr co t ain^att ys hoi lin '"" , • "" /'""''^'"' ^'' ''''"""" ^^'---■'-' ""'^ and seisin, as well as aetuarrtam^^^:^^^^^^^^^^^ rivers, lakes, islands, arn.s of tl e s" a or ^^71" -'^""'''•>' ^1- l.efore-r.an.ed lands, bounds, expressed, of the said cou>,try ' n.l ^1 IdnTr- . . ' v^dmtsoever, generally and partu-ularly above ground of any part of ,' f ;" t , ll.t^l ' T "" "" ?"''" "' ^'""''"■•^'''•- "I-" the soil and Sir \Villi:un Alexander anTl i or 1 / - •"'' ' - "' "' '" '"'^^ '"'^""-'■■^- ''' ^''« P'^-"^-^'"- "^ ^1'^' -^'^ I-resents. they, or «»; 'r f I 'Z i""!;;'? T'' T^Tf/'^ °' ''""' ^''^^- "" ^'^''^ °^ ^"^ ^^ real, and corporal pos.session of al^ " . ft T^t '^'^^^'^ ""' ■^'■'•'''"' '^^ ^^^"" '^'^ '^'''""'• lakes, and others foresaid, -^ene al y a "d IZ-U 'l ' "r" '"''' ^''"""^ '"" ''"""•'■^- '■^'■^•"'^' >•'--■ Alexander, and hi. foresaic si rt7tlLrct fain 'r '' '^'7^;^,.«M-essed. to the fore.said Sir ^-illiam upon any part of the .round' :;,5:t; ^I^ ^':^^ :^; 'l^TrT^'T' ''" T '''''''' '"-'-' shall appear to hin. and his foresai Is best l!^,M,-lL ' r . ' "'^ '^•l'"l""«l.. --r „. Loth n.anners. a. Charter fmin 1c?„„S3 Shall appear to him and his fbresa Is b^srr;^ "' , '" ""■^'" "^ '" ^'"^'' "'— ' « {V:;;.^;: Alexander, and his foresaids, or tT h "7^^.;^ ^^ vL "T • '"'^ •'" ^'"^ '"'■""^'' ^'^ ^^ '"-" &;:;!- -id Castle, or up„n the soil and ,ro nd ^ I ^dd t^Z d ^i f "" ^"""^ ^''"'•'''^ "^^ ^•'•' ».)', i«:..«.y. as the sai.l Sir William and his foresaids i,l """'''" ^^""•'"."r i" both n.anners. that part to the foresaid S V I'r" ^ ^Z^:^l'' 'TV^ " '" '^'"""' '^ ""^ ^"'' ^-"^ '" our present charter, we for us " ou . ! f' "" *" "r"" ^"°'^^*^''^' ''°''""" "•• P-d"<^i"^' tJus ;iO sntniient in all tin.e ci^ L" diT^ n. IwT'lV """ "V'';!"" *" '^ ^'""•'- '^^^'"'- -"''■ -"' objected against, the same, wi:t;:er irform o^In i^CT '""'"' ''''''''' '''''''''' "' *" '^" ^'^^ -" '^^ and conditions, above-mentioned, to ll ra i ie^ L' y -;-'-•>• I"'v.,,es. liberties, clauses; .nent of our kin^.iom of Scotland or in . v M ' ^p ' ^'"""•'"-f. i" "ur next Parlia- to be holden. at t1.e will a, pi Ire o ft 7s 1 "s^ ^"''' '^'""■'*'"' '^'-^^'^^^ to Imve the strength, force, and £ of a^d^^^^^^^^ ^"" ^^ '"""" ^'^■"""'*'' «'"' '-^ 'o'-tids. and successors, will a^i ledare or ii^^ ,,"!'"? f ^''^t supren.e court, which to ,lo. we. for us and our warrant, pronnsin,, on the word:;':'K;:-r ^^rXir::^^ witni:: i:;::.trot;:::^^hi!:Tl::f ^"^ '^^^--^'^ "'^"•■""'^'' '•• ^"'-- "--t ...arter. ti. Karl of Arran'^and (-and "e^rrlr rrr "'tu'l^u'"'- '"'"'■''' '''''^•'"'■- ''' "-"''^-". Marishal of our Kin^don, G^or^ vt nf VlT^ ^-1 Marishal, Lord Keyth, ^^c. Thon.as, Karl of Hadi^.toun Z By Z '"u^' ''''' "' '''"^'^^^■'"■^' ^^ ^'"'--'K familiar cnncillors, SirVilli;m Aexa^r^oru ;''"' "' '^"'P" "^ "'"" *'''^>' ""'"''• "'"• '"•'"v- of Ma,dalenis. (lerk of our lllZ^ a d^Cirr^^'^'^P.^T"^''^^^"' ^'^ '^"""^^ """""<-■ Justice Clerk, and Sir John S.nH 'rS 7; '^ ! *""":"• '^"' ^^•"'•^" Klphin^stoun. of IJlythiswode, our Justice Clerk, and Sir John Saitt! ors^il^i^^in^tt "JZ' ?"■ 'y"''"" ';'''"'"«^t"»". <^f i^b* . - Whythall, the second day of P^bn-a^. ^^rCnl^;^::;;;^ 2 li::;:;^;..:: :;«;;:• ^^ ^^ '""- "^ 50 9.'. NOTES ON MATS* [being the subatanc! of niLvnoraniln which appear willi tliiit title in tlir Hucik nl' ArUitr.itii.ii Ducumeu's, p. 135,] Examined with a view to Im.usthati; the Bolndauiks ok Canada while undeu the French Dominion, and of the Buitish Provinces into which the cointhy was afterwards divided; anj to show the riiofjREss OF French exploration and settlement. Many hundreds of OTHER maps have HEEN EXAMINED WITH THE LIKE VIEW, HUT ARE HERE OMITTED AS CON- TAININO nothing of value on THE SUIUECT IN HAND. [The Description following the title of each map, infra, is of what appears by such map, UNLESS THE CONTRARY IS INDICA'.ED.] Ontarii) APpKNlilX. Sec. IV. Mincillancoui, 1') Thu luaiis montioneil in these notes were Odiisulted at or may be found in the places fdllowinj,', viz : No8. 3, 5 i II. », ""^•^""'^■'^"■y- "o "<"-tlieni limit be no- shewn " FsfoHlnn,!.. St. Mary's Culk-^t; JLintruul. I'ailiaiiiuiitiiry Library, Ottawa. then lin.its of di.scove^y. ru "' ? ^ sue t ,aT"'\' ^"'r'?' "'"' "'"'^'''^^J' -l^^-^ t'- jye.te..n shore of ,r..d.so'.;. Bay. tn ^:^^\JTZ^2L V'''' ""'•^'--^-•'>' ^« ^ho iiay, Labrador, and the ^.reat Lakes. The na.ne ''Canl li ■ " , "^'"' ''""' '""''"■^^ '^"''"'"'« or Lake Superi. (produced). north-ea.stX aracrorHuZ's t '™'" '" ^"^^ ^'''^"^ ^^ G) [B.foro lOa.J.-^ L. C .aada on Nouvelle France, par N. Sanson. ..f ^^^^'^^":^f:^Z^^^^ «[ ^^'« ^7- (^'-e .eHdian of the centre This map l,as a line (en.^raved a„.l coiomo IW confluence of the Oldo and Mi.ssi.ssippi. Hudsons Bay and Lak^sler « and , """T"''''' "' "'*' ^''''"' "'"'^ "^ ^'"^ ""-^P. '-'twe L. now known 'a. the h.-i., 'of ^d « aZ7n '''Trt-''^ " '^''^"^ ">^^ '•-'^-" '^ ^^-^ ' ■ to the ocean. North of thi.s lin - ast of U P-" ^^^t "''"'"' "'^ ''"""=«• '^'"'-^ ^^ --^. '='-'." co.n- near the westerly line above menWd "'""'" ''* ' '""' ""^*''-"'^^* "^^'^^« Superior. (H) 1CG2. -" Canada," (another map in the same work). ^^ New York State Library. By this map Ca.iada includes the country westward to tb. Ilrr.-* t *i Superieur a.i.l of Lac des Puants FMichi- Jl Tin T , , *''" ""'''■ ^'^ P^''^ ""'x ^t Lac The nau..s - Canada" and " Nile l>anc ■' esncctivo '"^' '"I "'■'' ""'■^"'''' ^'^^^ ^"•' ^'^'"-'l-''- )ux [Superior]; and That country has jounds of discovery, a! edition. ewn. " E.stotilando nd north of lat. oV- Fraijcifo : auctore 10 t of the map, (tlie Lnv France. ;ograpiie Ordinaire nds south-westerly may represent the ^h-casterly to tlie ns across Hudson's )m the west shore 20 idian of the centre > and Mis.si.s,sippi. the map, between sition of what i; almost due east, u Torre de Lahra- i" an Eni'iish one ■ SO aris lGGO-1, " and ^p, which limit is coloured) which therlyandsoutli- md Ohio Rivers I France," coin- f Lake Superior, 40 art only of Lac / and Lahrador. in similar type, France) further ArpiMnix, SerTv. Miieellantoiu, 10 (11) (12) 20 97 The name " Canada" is applied to the country back of the Engli.sh Atlantic Colonics, to the Ohta..o northern linnt of the map in 41 J°; "Lac Erie ou du Chat," being included. (10) 10G2.— " La Floride par P. du Val Geographo Ordinaire du Roy." (In same work). In poBsossion of Ontario Government. Canada is bounded on the south-west by a line commencing on the westerly limit of the map m about latitude 40"; thence south-easterly, along the north-eastern boundary of New Mexico to the north-western angle of Florida, in about latitude 39^ and thence easterly, along the northern boundary of Florida, to the boundary of \'irginia. 1662.--" Nouveau Mexique." (No other title ; but it is in the .same work, and clearly attributable to Du Val). New York State Library. ' The line referred to a.s being on the preceding map, is here taken up at the parallel of 40° and 18 continued thence north-westward to the limit of the map, in lat. 48°. The territory lying to the north-east of this line is named "Canada ou Nouvelle France." 1664.— "Le Canada, fait par le Sr. de Champlain, . . . selon les memoires du P. du Val 1664.' ' Parliamentary Library, Ottawa. Hudson's Bay is included in "Nouvelle France ou Canada;" but on James' Bay. between Charleston Island and some islands to the north-west, is the figure " 3 1 ." referring to the same number iu die margin, under which is found the name " Jamestan, lieu des Anglais." (13) 1073.-- -Carte de la nouvelle ddcouverte . . . 1672 et 1673, 1673," (MS. Lib. Pari.) Parliamentary Library, Ottawa. This map illustrates the voyage of Marquette and Joliet, on the occasion of their discovery of Not«.o„ the Mi,ssissippi, under the commission, in that behalf, of the Governor of Canada. They reached J^T' ^^^' the grea* river by way of Green Bay and the Wisconsin, and descended it as far as the Arkansas, the return to Lake Michigan being by the Rivers Illinois and Chicagou. (14) 1673 —Autograph Map of the Mississippi, drawn by Marquette at the time of his voyage. (Fac- simile given in Shea's " Discovery and Exploration of the Mississippi Valley."} Parliamentary Library, Ottawa. Shows the Mississippi (here called R. de la Conception) from the Wisconsin to the Arkansas ; also the southern and western shores of Lake Superior, and the Missions of Ste. Marie St. Ignace [Michillimackinac], and Du St. Esprit [Chagouamigon or la Point]. On the main shore, opposite He Royale. is the note " Chemin aux Assinipoulak d 120 lieues vers le Nord-Ouest " Itevidently refers to the route, by the Pigeon or the Kamanistiquia River, to the country of these Indians. (15) [1678.]— "NovissimiB Americie descriptio. F. de Witt, Amsteldami." New York State Library. A line, engraved and .coloured, runs from the easterly point of Labrador, to the height of land east of Misttissin, and thence along the same height of land to a point near Lake Nepigon, which is shown as the westerly limit of discovery. A line of dots is thence continued, not coloured, for 40 about 12° westward. North of this line ; and running across Hudson's Bay, is the name " Canada," and south of the line, and extending from beyond Lac des Puans. is the name " Nova Francia." (16) [1680. — " Carte d'une grande partie du Canada, depuis Quebec jusq'au fond du Lac Superieur . , 1680."] (MS. Lib. Pa.|.) Parliamentary Library, < )ttawa. This date is given in the catalogue, but does not appear on the face of the map. which, however, is evidently referable to a very early and probably this date. The great lakes are shown. The Kamanistiquia or the Pig^^on River is represented with the inscription " Par cette riviere ou va aux Assinepoulacs k 150 lieues vers le Nord-Ouest ou il y a beaucoup de castors ;" and the St. Louis River ■'J.ny.i which falls into Lake Superior at Fondau Lac) is represented with the inscription 80 98 ONTARIO Appendix. Sec. IV. Jili*eellaneott$ NotMon Man, 16.'!2- 186r "Par cetto nvibro on va au pays des Narlouessiens A 60 lieues au eouchant " In reference to these .n.scn,,tion.s it is well establi.sho.l tl.at the Fronch of Canada ha.l. Ion- bof„re the date of tn..s.nap con.s.deraKle intercourse for the purposes of trade and otherwise, with the A.siniboine and the Sioux In.hans and exercise.! a largo influence over them, as mentionc.l in the note to No 14. The country of the latter about the sourcs of the Missi.ssippi. had even been formally taken possession of. ,n 10.9 on behalf of the Governor of Canada. The map shows establishments a* bault bte. Mane, Michilunakinac and Green Ray. (17) nC«2.]--Parties 1,-s plus occi.lentalo.s du Canada" by Father " Pierre Kuffieux. J.." whose signa- ture it bears. (MS. Lib. Pari.) " Parliamentary Library, Ottawa. This map I'«>rports to be founded on the discoveries of Marquette, Joliet, " Dulude," La Salle and H. anepin. Of Du Luth it is stated on the map, in a note, "qui le premier a est^ chez les Sioux ou Nadouessiou en IG78 et qui a est6 proche la source du Mississippi, et qui ensuite vint retir^ le F Louis [Hennepin] .im avait estd fait presonnier chez les Sioux " Shews the great lakes the rivers St. Louis, Wisconsin, Illinois and Ohio, and the Mississippi, from a point N W of I'ond du Lac, to a point below its Junction with the Ohio ; also the missions " Du Saulf "St Ignace ou Michilimakina," and " des Postes Outa[ga]mi " [Green Bay]. (18) 1688.-'| Carte do I'Amerique Septentrionale, contenant le pays du Canada ou la Nouvelle France la Lou.siane . Acadie et He Terieneuve ... en rann<5e 1G88. Par Jean Baptiste Louis Franquelin, Hydrographe du Roi, i\ Quebec, en Canada." (MS., Lib. Par.) go Parliamentary Library, Ottawa. This map shews, correctly, the two chief routes of communication between the St. Lawrence and Hudson s Bay fhere calle.l Haie du Nord)-tl.at by the Saguenay, Mistassin and Rupert, and that by the Ottawa, Labinntho, Lake Abitibis and the River Monsony. From Lac Buade [Red Lake or Leech Lake], situate N. W. of Fond du Lac. a river [the Red River] runs almost due north to Lac des Assinebouels ; out of which the River Bourbon or Nelson issues and, pa.ssing through Lac de.. Christenaux on the way, runs to Hudson's Bay The two lakes, last mentioned, appear to represent the southerly and northerly parts respectively of Lake W.nn.pc^r. Phe main branch of the Mississippi (here called Rivifere des" lMan,,.ois ou des Sioux) has ite Houix^, m the same L. Buade. Forts St. Croix, St. Antoine.* and St. Nicolas.f (on or nea 30 the Upper MissLssippi.) St. Louis and Crevec.ur („n the Illinois,) and Chicagou (at the mouth of the river of that name), as also the Missions of the Sauk and St. Fran.;ois Xavier [Green Bay] are rep- resented. Port Abitibis and [Mai,son]Fran.;ois, .,n L. Abitibis, and Fort Latourette, on the norfh .shore of Lake Nep.gon, are also shewn. The name "Canada ou Nouvelle France," extends across the country, from the pole to the lakes, and from the western limit of the map to the east const ' of Labrador: that country has. therefore, no limits on the north or towards the west M. Bellin in his " Remarques sur la Carte," puhli.shed in 1755, refers to another MS. map of this author as being in the " Dep6t des Plans de la Marine :" it bears date 1687. and is stated to shew to the west of Lake Superior, branches of rivers which communicate with two great lakes, close to each other, which he [l-ranquelin] names, the one. Lac .les A.sseniboe-ls. an.l the other Lac des in Cnstinaux ; an.l from this last there issues a river by which it discharges itself into Hu.lson's Bay at Port NeLson (th,. i.s the Bourbcm Riv,.). [t is certain tl.at these two great lakes are the .same which weto-.lay . . I Lac Ouinipigon an.i La. Hourb.,n,t an.l upon which we have e.stabli.shments " (19) 1688.-" Carte gerieralede la Fran.-e Septentrionale contenant la d,'••'« ^'"' "■>"-« "' "■« m'™,::"^ Bay but ,„to Uko Superior, thu, fLi„»i;.rt'f fcTr °°' '"•'"'"«" ""» «'"i"'^« H»d»„ . B.^, „d Fort de B,„,ecou„. o„ %„ CiippI, t llT" '^*"'- ^" *• '»"» »« 50 >iix], a MisBion of tho ) The lowor part of limit on the west, rits (Jo M. Quill. ,lo it (publico par M. de La Mor , Sue. r * il V. Mitetllantuui. i 50 176 New York State Lilirary. The " Mer do rOuost" Is shewn in part — an inland sea, with a strait connecting it with the [Pacific] ocean. " Canada " includes Hudson's Bay and the country westward to the sea : the name commences west of Lake Superior. (32) 1700.—" Partie de la Nouvelle France. . dedie k Monseigneur lo Mnniuis de Seignelay, par Hubert Jaillot. A Purls, 1700." 10 Now York Stiito Library. This map includes Hudson's Bay. " Posto du Sr. de St. Qernmin," on Lake St. Anne, on the Albany River ; " Posto du Sur. du Luth" f on the north shore of L. Nepigon ; and a Fort on the south-cast shore of L. Nenii.scau are marked : the latter with the memo : " Posto pour couper les sauvages par h haut de la Traito de Tadous.sac, et les empeclier de descendre k laHaye de Hud.son." Fort Neiuiscau, and also some French establi.sbinents on Lake Mistassin — all north of the height of land — were within the Royal (French) Domain of Tadoussac ; and appear to have Ijeen centres of a large trade with the Indians. Fort Nel.son is marked " Post FraiKjois ;" and Forts Albany, Moose and Rupert, respectively, " Aiiglois,"— an error, as all the Hudson's Bay forts, with perhaps one exception, were at this time in the hands of the French. 20 (33) 1703. — " t'arte du Canada ou do la Nouvelle France, par Ouillaume do I'Isle, do I'Acadt^mio Royale des Sciences, et premier Geographe du Roy. A Paris, chez I'auteur, 1703." Ill jKiBseBsion of the Ontario Government. The name " Canada ou Nouvelle France " commences, on this map, south-west of the southern portion of Lac des Assenipoils, and runs easterly, partly to the north of the height of land. It Notes on includes Hud.son's Bay, and, westward, the whole country as far as shewn, viz)., beyond the Mis- ^IfS*' ^^^' sissip'^". Lake Winnipeg and the Bourbon [Nelson] River. The sources of the Mississippi are indicated at a point about 5° S.W. of L. Winnipeg. Forts L'Huillier, Le Sueur and des Abitibia as also French establishments (" Mai.son Fran<;aise ") on the S.W. shore of L. Mista.ssin, the north- west .shore of L. Abbitibis and at Chagouamigon, are marked. I Several engraved lines appear within the limits of Canada, and merely denote boundaries of tribes. On an original proof copy of this map, now deposited in the Bureau de la Marine, at Paris, there appears, as an autograph addition of the author and his brother, a line marked "Ligne selon le memoire di M. d'Auteuil." This line commences at the entrance to and on the south shore of Hudson's Strait, and runs thence south-westerly (crossing the Rupert River) to about lat. 50J° ; thence due west to a i)oint south-west of Fort St Louis [Moose Fort] ; thence north-westward on a direct course to the parallel of 60*. Another autograph addition to the aamc map is a lino marked " Ligne selon la preteiuuon des An'dois" and "Ligne selon les Anglois:" it runs from the north shore of Davis' Inlet on the Labrador coa.st, (in about lat, 50^*^), south-westward, and through Lake Mistassin, to the 49th 40 parallel, which it thence follows to the westerly limit of the map. * " La Mer de'lOucst," »o frequently mentioned in French official and other documents, between 1700-1763, was the name given by the French geographers, commencing with William de I'Isle, in 16^, to a r.uppoeed inland sea near the western coast of America. On tho maps, it is represented as connected wifi 1 , Ocear (Mer du Sud), at first by one iiasaagc, and aulMeresi)n , respectively, the two entrances to the latter, north and south of Vancouver's Island. t Otherwise known as Fort Latourette. X Fort L' iluillier was on the St, Peter's, now the Minnesota River ; Fort Lo Sueur on the Upper Mississippi, below the St. Peter's : Fort Abitibis on the south-east shore of the lake of that name, north of the height .f laud : it was built by the Chevalier dc Troyes in 1686, on the occasion of his overland expedition for the capture of the English forts ou Hudson's Bay, and was thenceforward occupied, continuously, by tho French, till 1763. Oha- :.'auainu.-.!!i dtr U i'--->!its) wm aituste on the ■outhorly shore of Lftke Superior, not far from Fund du Lse. 30 II 10 102 N.'w York State Library. Lil.niry in Albany iiud Ottawa. T „.„ . v> ^ , " ^ ^''" *l'««'^«'l'I" '« 111 about iat. o.r, a»,l lo,,,' 205° cast Tha ■' St Laurens K.vcr passe, throuyl. Uke.s AHsinipouals and Nemepl.^on to Uke's^pHor ti J'L;u2;;"Lu;;:t!::'::;'c:;!i;i:; i, ''^ '"'':. ^ ,'""'""• ^''•^' ^•"' '""^ •" «-- - -'o-. and London. Anno 1709" It i^ Ms o.! 11 ','"' "' "" ^'«" "^ '^" ''''^" '" *''« Minories. 20 Hud.n. .a. cLpan.^'r:JX:::'orr;L::t::;i::^^^^ "~ ^^ ^^» In tho po8»ei«wn of thu Ontario (Jovcmment. This map contains Ubrador and Hudson's Bav and Straits A «i i i- " Grimingtons I," in about iat 5'>r sontl. I f i f'"' ^'"'''^^' ^ ^•^'""^J ''"« runs direct from On the westerly side of this linn i- tu , • T' "^^ ""'I' "* '''^""^ '"^t- *5r. '■The French noVto^e to o:e^;^^^^ "^^ ^''-™ '-i^ ^^ t^e map. Kngiish not to con.e 1 the ea-stwlrd of his 1 e " Th '" T "" T ' "''''' '''" ''"'^"P''"" " ^^e the line and the bay, is Im d lupert W , ^^^.'=«"';^•:^ -••''' "^ Huperfs River, between 30 line-cnwhicharett na.r'LvaXu.ia" Lai" . "■ ' V^ '"1 '^"''"^ = ''"'''"'''' "^^^e the whole Hudson's Bay eoLt flnTR^^rRi ver tltt'rd' •"' " ""'^ '^'"'^^"-'^ '•'^•'- *^ '^ ^^ (37, 1710'' "n 7 '7"""''7"°;7-^ '" ^'°«- '" -' "^ '•'« -«-i-io,. at the Ha«uo and Oo.tru,..enbu„. (J7j 1710.— "North America, by John Senex, F.R.S., 1710." In tho pnsBcssioD of the Ontario Govcrninoiit. This map is an almost servile copy of De i'lsle's nf 1 7m «.> i • tain dotte,l lines, which appear on De I'lslX ^.1 > r -f '''•''' '"="""^"^ """^ ""'°"^«''' «=««•- 1 he south-westerly boundary of " r'ann.Io " iu n 1;. 1 , , south-west angle of \ake SuperL • and Ln th ' '"^T°^ '""' ,'" '""'■"^' ''"'"'««°""o' «t the f J/ap A'o. 39 it cancelled here.) 60 h "The British ity of Utreclit," I tlie Minoiies, 20 timiuent by the Giortruydenbui^. 109 (40) 1713— "Thfi ThIo of ralifomix, New Mexico, Louisiana, th^^ River Mi«M.-1- of Sioux Lal.. vand exact map of the Kingdom of Great Britain on tho Continent of North 20 America, jy H. Mol' London, 1715." Libr ry, ! 'mdon, if »{land. This map r.ves a! .he country north of tho great lakes to " Canada," as high as lat. 53'. which is tho north ' limit of the map. Another of this author's, dnto.l 1720, agrees with tho preceding; whilst a third, dedicated to No^^on Lord Sommers. but without date, includes all Hu.lsons Bay in " Canada." 1*5 (iCA 1717-"Es.sayd'uno Carte que M. Guillaume de I'lslc.avait joint i son memoiro pre8ent6e ii la Cour'en 1717 sur la Mer do TOucst... presentee.. .1752, par. .Buache. premier Geographo do sa Majcste. etc." New York State Library, The name " Canada" is on the face of the map, and applies to the country west to the " Mer derOuest" In the margin is quoted a memoir of de I'lsle, of 1706, wherein he claims "cotte mer de I'Oueat" as a discovery of his, ami that he had refrained from marking it on his T'lhlished ,naps for fear that foreign nations would benefit by it to the prejudice of France ; that he had laid it ,lcwn on a MS. Map of the World given by him to the Chancellor Boucherat, m ir,97. and had given to Pontchartrain, in 1700, proofs of its existence. (47) 1718:-" Carte do la Louisiane et cours de la Mississippi, .par Guillaume de risle...i\ Pans, cher Vauteur..l718." Librarien, Albiiny and Ottawa. The name ' Partie du Canada an Nouvelle France " commences at the PorUge between the Fox and Ouisconsin Rivers ; and the name " La l..uisiane," at the Red R. (lat. 37") : the boundary between the two countries is not exactly, indic.te.l, but each would seem to extend westwanl ^o he borders Of New Mexico. At the great bend of tho Missouri R. (about par. 45=) is the memo : Les Fran- ^i. n'on reraont.< le Missouri quo jus.,u'ici." Fort L'Huillier, and two forts on or near Lake Pepin are shewn. . i a From the Mississippi, at a point opposite the Ouisconsin, a road is shown as running westerly to the same bend, marked " Chemin des Voyagours." (48) 1719.-"Ame1. 30 40 I ■ ONTARIO APPKNDIX. S«W. IV. iliterltanftnii 104 Note* on Man, 1867. IBSa ii R., proceeds to a point south-west of Ukc \{^^m. ncTJ, ""^ ^'"^' '' '^'' "'""^'' "^ t''« Moose 40°; and thence south-cn.sterly to a p^J, t 5' ZToarM "" ^""^^^-'-'y to the par. of flu.nce w.th the Illinois; and thence, easterly tTthe Fn ^''T'P^'' «" *''« P'*™llel of its con- and New Mexico to the west of the inf E^t of th^ .'t ""'"~^^''''''''' ^'''"'^' '^ *'- -uth of the ..ranches of the Mi.ssissippi-tt nam CaJT"' ^' '" ^"'"-"^^ source of one crosses the foot of Jame.ss Bay, and end, on The Lahr" , ' "" fr'^^' ^™'"^''" <''0".n.ence,s ; it cnbed, which cannot therefore be irlnder^^ t^„o; k' ""f ' t'' P^^'^ '^bove the line des- L'Amdrique Septcntrionale." (see ^Zl^^oTx "" ^"""^'"■^- S^"««"'« ""ginal man in nmp of 1703. No. 33 ante). ^' ^^^ ^'"^^^ ^^ ^*^<^cht. (See notes on De I'IsIes (K(^^ ^-rJ" "■" '"'""""''"" "f *''« O"*""'' a<,vernment. lou; 720.-" IIemi.sphere Occidental, dressed en 1720 no„r v .ons astronon.iques et geogn.phinue.neportef la m^ f T "*="'''^'- ^" ^^^ ""^ '«« observa- de l-Acadenuc Royal dot Sciences' par 1 ^1: 1 Tsr" ' •^^":,''^^«^<'"- "^ ^'-^ '- n.emoires ~^.::^^^^^^^^^^ ^-- - \o ^'^^^ r ^-- to the northern water- and coloured) runs from Ungava Bay (Hud 0,^X^1?^" ''':'• ^"°'''*'^ ''"« ^«-'n^"-aved Bay at a point inunediately north of^Lektst^ainTvlf^ '^'"'^^ "^ «"d-ns a point .mmediately .south of Rupert River it nuswr. ^^""""'^"'g «" the same .shore, at tance from that shore, to Bourbo. [Nel.on 'r vTXtTf ',? '^°^"'--terly, at no great dis- ".tende,! to represent the linuts of [he terX r^n^to . b"" ''. l'" ''''' ''''' ''"« Wears tinderstood them. '^rritones of l[udson s Bay and Straite, as the French then This map ha.sa line, encraved and nnlnn-o-i thence westerly, nearly o'„ ii Z' 'jt:torZZA''' '^^^^^^^^^ "^ Hu-son's Straita shore of the Bay ; thence south-westerly, getlg'e", r t thl H ' ""i ' ''^^"^'^ «^ "'" -^ern near.ts mouth; thence westerly skirtin/olnl^ Mr **>« 8»>o'-c and cro.s.sing the Rupert R above the parallel of .50° ; and Ihent north wf f "' '''^ ^*>'' ^'^ ^»>« ^ocse R .nt Bourl^n [Nelson] River.. 'to Jln^ZT^.X^wZ:!^^^^ '"''''^ ^^"'^^-s] Td .m.t to C;ana.la towards the north : and no bounds rif' '" "' '""""'• '^^''^^ '« ^he only 4,, •ng to •• U (Jran.le Mer du Sud." Its souto n ^^^^^^^^^ , ^" r '^ "" ''^^ ""^^-^''^ "-!> -tend- ".-cing a: the n.outh of the Kenne J 1„ , " ^ '"'^"r^ '" " ''""' "'"«'•--• an.l colon ed. com- t e point where it meet« the norther , i,.: 1;; ' "^l,^'"'^' f": ''^'='' '''''- ^'-^^-^ Provin e,To ••--;-, following the last boundary, to tbT „7u not^ r'^,'^"""".^''^' '"'' -"' *"th parallels ; -■-■l.v watershed of the Missouri to ^Z^Vl^^uT^'S' "'"' '''''''''' =""' '^'•'"^' ^he "orthern boundary of ■• ( 'alifornie ;" «„d thencM m Jl J ^ V. '''"""^"'"•- *''<''" it n.eets the about lat. 43'. to the Orande Mer d« Sud 1 Cap filt 'i^l '""'iT'"^^^^ boundary.and in tho „.ap ; It commences at about the meridian of 9V V^ !"""" ^ *'"'•''' " '« "" the face of Mississippi is in about lat. ,0- and long l", p",^^^^^^^^ ^ZT ":'""^' '''*'' '"'*'" ^ ^^ the mamiouen fRainy Uke), which is ^ t the north el I^'f^ ' '^ "'*"' '^"""'"-■^"' "'th Lac Teca- ,0 18 not shown. north-east, and entirely misplaced. Lake of the Woods the height of land, "lie, it leaves to the nouth of the Moose Hterly to the par. of parallel of its con- 1 being to the .south — the source of one ce " coniniencfts ; it above the line (les- ion's original map, jq line; but one like sen the French con- otos on Do I'Isle's y, sur lea obsorva- lana les memoirea sa Majesty de la 20 e northern watcr- ne, engraved and moise [Churchill] r line ("engraved lore of Hudson's e same shore, at at no great dis- fhis line appears the French then g^ eniier Ooographe fudson's Straits is of the eastern ? the Rupert R., Moose R., just se [Hayes] and rhis is the only 40 he map extend- foloured, com- ih Frr)vinces, to 40th parallels ; , iind along the ••' it meets the lundary, and in on the face of > source of the k'ith Lac Teca- 50 » of the Woods , IOj (')2) 1722. — "C-irtc i!e .Mi'Ni.[U<>, drosst'o sur un irr.uil iioml.iv dc-; iiii'iiiorics, pi iiiiip;ilomont surceuxdo o.vTAnio ilM. .ill.,.rvi!I.M.tLo8ii.'ur. I'lir (). .Ii: I'Islr. Aiii.-u r !aui, 17:i2 '■ ArrKNiux. l'iiiliiiiit'iit.ir,v Liliriuy, tUtawa. i^ii:. fV. The miiiio " Canada ou Nouvello l-'iancc " imiium. iiif.s a( jv pciiit vesl of tlic Mi.ssouri. Mfceiuincaui. L;')iurj', I'liiis. (.53) 1722.— "("/irto ih rA-ia'ii(iui' [ku- ( luilhuimo !r.' j'iuis, 1722. Ai l'an.s. The orij^'innl copy of this in;i|p, ii; (lie ]><|iot dcs cnrti'S ct .nfFairs r.trnii'.'."'ios, .sliew.s a (j.itlofl lino .stnrtiii;,' from F.'H, Hoiiil.oii. ami Mini. iiii; ti> n i.i'int nil tlio .".Oih piu'ail-'l, west of I'/ikt! (,'iiri.sti- 10 naux, llifiu'i' aloiiL,' dial ]Mr,illrl t.i t!ii.- snutli .n.l i>!'.l;iiiic-,',-, Hav, tli.ri iiinsiin;; alon-, jiaitially coiil'uriiiiir^' 1,1) till' sli.,r.' line, noil lirriy m tl'.o iiiti-r-icf i^n i>f \,\t. ii.')' witli loiiL,'. oOiV W . (.'i4) 172j.--.M;i|i 'par ('iiMUss(.',i,'raii tuLif, 1725." (.MS. rocuntiy e.xaiiiiiiwl iu the Areliivrs nl' thf .Marino, Paris) Liiiriry, I'aiii. Caiiiiila has no otluT limits on tl:o noith am! west tli-.n I'l" o of ilic map, wliioli cxti'ml Ijeyond the in I'idian of Fort .N'l.-Isou .m tliu norlli, jiml ('iiiisidciaiiiy livvoinl Lako.'^njiorior on tint west and norih-wcst. The namo "C.'anailii" eomiiniKU'.-i iiorih-svtsl ot' (.ac Alipimigoii, and leiiiiiiuites north of tin; source of tiie AUiaiiy ; it clcaily iiieludr.s lllld,^,un's Hay. I'lU'liiiiueiitiiiy Libraiy, Otlinva. 20 (•'>.")) 1728.— "Carte Ci'iK'Taif du Canada," hound with 'Noiivriiux Vuy:i"c:4. ..ct .Snpjlcnuut an.K Voy- ages. .(In li.u-on la lloiilai). Anistcrdam |td. nlj 172S." I'.ii-haiiiL'iitaiy l.iln'.u-y, (uLiwa. "Canida" 1 .t-'iids westward of Laki- .Sn^iorior, .siiui'^ .">, aiid norlhwar 1 to the liini- of the map, ahont C. 11 1'liriftte Mario; hut Korts llnpwtaiid .Moos,- a r.' marki'd with a nifino. to the ell'cct that tlicy arc allcrnati-ly in th'^ hands .f the Ficnrli and Mn.;li.-,li !-e.-i;i.'Ctivt.'ly. Fort St. (Jurinain is al.s ishowii. (.)()) 172s — "luMliictiondo l.i Carto traci!- par lo . anva'.;i! ( K-liaLrarli"' elatitro.s . . .par riiili|ij.o liuacho . . . 17.VI.." Now York .Mato Library. 3i) This I raeing shows the waters from I.akc Superior westward hi L-ke \Viniiip(^;r; there being a division in these wator.s hetwceii Uaiiiy Lake and Lake Sninnior, 011 Imth tlie l\.aiiiani^lic[uia and l'i;.;eon iUver routes. (This map is on the same siiect as Huaeiie's -(/arte l*liy!;i(|ue," I7.VI..' (.')7) 17ol.— "Carte du l)omainn en Canada," dcdiinted to the Dauphin, and signed hy "P. Lanro, J., i\ Chikontimi, 2:il Aont, 17:J1." (.MS., Llh. Pari ) Parliiiiuoulary Liljiaiy, OtUiWii. This map show.s — prcsuuiaoly as inchidod in ihe lloynl Domain of Tadcmssacf— the Snguenay and its variants ailhnnts ; the cmintry, lakes and rivers lietwerii its head waters and Luke Mistassin; and that lake and the lliipeit U. (at whose montii is Fort Rupert), Id its diseharije in Hudson's Bay. A French eslablisliinent, "Maisoudes Dorvals," is on the S. W. Shore of the Lake. Tiio author, 40 who du.serilies hiniselt as the .Mi.ssioimry of llu; Domain, stat<'s. in a mar<.,dnal note, that the portion of liie map " depuis Pikou.^'.imi jusiui'au Ncmi.skau," wius pirpaivd with the 1, d of the Srs. Dorval Di'sgrosilieis, wl.u had spijnt, the one two aiul the <)llur three, winters witli success at the Crand Mistassins, ou behalf oi" ilie Wist rn Companv ; anil iu' fnnhi r ,stal"s, in tlie (Icdieatiou, tliat the .savages, with constant lid» ■■"-" -- Parhaiuuiit^iry Library, Ottftwa. xl!!lsc';;: "'::i;;;^^^,;'- --•'-'' -' -'- north sl.ro of Lake Nepi,on. and at th^ position of L.ko a^^^oiC ':;,""" "" ^"'"'^'' i""''"'^'^ '^"''^^"'^ ^^'>'> - the wLtno limits are m 7-^7 -'r. . "^"' V'""""-'"'-;- -^'^^t of Ihulsons Uay, ju.st ..outh of parallel 55.- P.uliiimoiuary Libr.irv, Uttawa. 1 \ V ;-■ ' "","'"'^' ' * '" «°"""""i--ation between the latier and Hud; m's IJav bv I'iirliaiiifiitiiiy Library. Ottawa h "■ J w;;i:r^::t^:e"^-;rtinr-i;;;:i^r.:^^^^ "'"'\": = ;»'—■" »>- ..f llic .Mi,»i,ri, in l„„,,. m- a„Jl.t..|- ,|J: ; Th'si Lw I L ;; ;:ru,;:^:;^^^^ r ■;"■" ""Tr-" '-r " «" '■«"" a.j ■,:;„.'',::: PurhiiinonUry Library, Ottawa. EushHh ... »l.o year 1006, -aol* 1..^.. ^ . tttT v 1 t! tl i.r " T"'' ' ••'!'!"' '"""' ""'■""'^ ^^^ *"« i*f. 10 and River, Lake ly ani,'Ie of Peiin- iiiiii,' tliii; west t.o L'xtension of tlie lu)tij,'h without a Mississippi i.s on lie Mis.siiSHippi in is no biHindar)- 3 Abbitibis art! it is stiitcil that ntii- records and tion. in "Kecueil des )osition of Lako .'it no limits are rivieres, lacs ut 2J ia lottre do M. ccordiny to the iiiir, Lalics den idson's Day, by •iissippi, jis does losition. Foits .•iiid La Urine, Fort (mid way 30 are all siiewn ; ew 3-ear\s hiter, 0, des Prairies, provoinents of less Frederick, in his address ■V France," is 40 iu it. A part The .St. Liw- inipouHls [the to the Upper ior Geographe ml from tliirty- li, (iml Canada, luiitcd by the ntinuo* at thii 107 This map lias a line, eufiravud and eolonrcl, runniii'' from rn^'ava Rav, sinilb-westerlv, crossini' Ontahio the East .\Liin and Uiipirt Rivers, a short, distance from theii inoiilbs, and tb-'nci' wi ^n, lumr the Mis- souri. The " ilea Is of the Mississippi " are shewn in lat. .').V' and in long. 27.')° East. On the west shore oflludson's Bay, the Albany River, and a line continued from its source north-westerly, and ■10 on i\w east .shore, the Pitehibourini [East Main] River, and a lim- continued thence south-easter! to the Gulf of St Lawrence—are coloured as if to indiejite boundaries;; ('.iuada has no olh, , limit towards the north ; nor are any limits assigned to it on the west. (68) 1743.—" Carte de i'Amdriiiue Septentrionale drossdo, par N. B["Hin], Ing. .lu Roy et Hy.lrog. de la Marine, ?743." (In "Histoire de la Nouvelle France, par le Pore Charlevoix.") Depart.noiit of EtUicatimi, Toronto. " Nouvelle Franco on CJanada," has no limits on the West or North. The (irst part of the name commences west of the Lake of the Woods ; and the second part commences on the e.i.st bank of the Missouri, in about lat. 45°. Between Lake Superior and " Lac Tecaniamiouen " [ibiiny Lake] there is no division of the waters these How from that lake, on the one hand to Lac des B .is and 5J on tho other to Lako Superior. The Mississippi has its source in about lat. 47J', due south of Lac des Bois. Jf 108 Ontakio AlTKMiII. Sec. IV. iliicitlantimi. m 1744.-"('alte.lcl I," ( '"• T'l'ti" On.-nfal.. ,1.. 1,1 \,,uv.-llo F "'ipt.' .|(. .\I,uin.i,a.s. . . .,„.,• X. i;,,;;;„ j De, l-mtmoMt of Kilucation, Tniuutr n:,'iijiiciir(i,; '•■"■"'•'■ "M till ('aii.Mln, (I..,li M tiiti. •44." ( 111 .siiiiii- Work » MonsicfifiiKur Cana,la in..lu,l,.s H,„Iso„s l!ay. n.s far ns tlu, ii.,... on a i...nn,.sula wl.i,.!, j,,,, out Cron. rho .s.,„tl.-wo.t .si "lit i.r tin. i„ai). " Mais.,11 l,.s 1), (70) 17t4.~" Carted D. If la JJavc (If HikIs ion; iif J,ako Mixta irvais ■' is .-ilifwii ■|>!lHlllcllt of I'M, '", I>ir \'. Htllin. . . .1741.; ■iMH. (Sim- oiiU; N't Iliviti..!!, Ill villi" Work Fort St. ( in I ''■niiaiii is nIr.wi on Lako .Sto. \ '•>•', in Ins riMiiariiiics sin- la Cirto ^t^i nno. Tills fort, is al (71) 17t4.— "Carte.k-laL D( iiMii.siaiio, coiirs till m; I't'M.. (it:i.iiH.I,,i„t Ai-ju'ii-lix.) o spokfii of l,y tlic saiiiu author, The Mi ■iKiitiiii.iit ,.f KMikatioii. 'I'lir,,, iri'i, '■' I'ai^ V usll '9- • |:u- \. Bfllin. . . .I7U.' 10 -i-Niiipi is cut hv til ■*(>', anil the .Mi-;soiiii h\- t. lutt t' noitlinri limit i,f t|„. , -er river is t ar.' iiiiiil mill Vert •sipl'i mill l,ake .M ill' llleliii I-.' .M limit, ill i< imp, viz: the i mallei of M)", in 1 ii;;. 107^', we,st of il nil. i^Miiiii limit tolls le »' iiieriiliaii I if I iiris. II' naim; I' (72) 1744.— •■ Carte de 1 . . . .I74k' 'I'ii'.tr.iii. just I.eiow l-'o.-v I irlie on Caiiaila !ive I'liurs, i.c.-,i j>as coiiiiii.s." Forts \A\ iiiiience.s midway betwien the .M On tl e.Ji lio liiliier 1S.«IM- '(.), •'•eau Occidental, et I'artie de l'.\ iiii'i ii|iie Neptcntrionalt •I-ai X. Uellin l')II, iol-o|,t,! 1 ><'l>iirt iiu'iif ,,f EJuc.it Nonvelle France on Cinada •• has „o limif; viz: the pMrallol „f .-).-." and tl, nienee.s jit the limit „f t]„. ,o„,,__ e nii'iidiaii of :'.'{• •m the North or West. hct ween the M iiini)— north of Lake .S i'"si'ictiv.'ly. The (iist part of tl except tho.se of ih,. n "I>20 NoU'.'i on >I.i|w, 1«32- 1857. (73) 1744- HM.>sippi mid 15. de Puun.s (Creen May] ijuiHir— and the other part le name eon part coiiuiieni'es midway jrtcdes Lae.s du Caiiad artiiiciit of Ediicnti ■par N. IJell 111. .1744.' Tl n marked lese lakes are AMtihis, Tem a-ou.'imioon, Caniane.sti--iiia on les Troi.s \ iscamin,^ Nipissin;., and the live groat L'dces. Tl .ilVlti-i (74) 1744.-" A X. ••<, mjd t'.at at the foot of ]{. de.s P w Map of Part of X u posts Ahitihis nans, are tries alj.-ining to Hiid.si.n's \ iiiiuiitaiv Liliiaiy, ()t| oitli AiiRTica." (hound with the work Paili, ly. . . .I,y Artliur Dohh.s \< ■-iii. . . .Lumlon, 1744.") Account of the Coun- Shews the T.ak Hon River. Th who trav of land no es west of L.ike .S ; Ta:::j^:\ : "T'^rrr ^^"'' '^"-'-"'^ ''^v i.y u. xei. ell I throu.di tho.s, re put doun - m de.s.rihed by Jo.s,.ph La !• M'lw I en Lak iiitriosaiid lakes, for tin ranee, a I Veiich ( madese Indian (75) 1740.— "Carte Du Globe T I'autcnr." OS Sup-'iior and l)ii P uis is also .'ihewn ce years, from 1731) to I742." The hd-l erreutre. par liuttche, premier (Jeograi.he. . . .1740. a I a n.s, c It he?. Xfiv York .Stale LDimry. e.:H;*::;;::n::o:::;:;.;^x'."ui;: "■ ^^- <••' •■o^.-., ,..'.. Southward to Liuisiali;.. 'n,. Jan' t^i :'":;;::'*:' ^ '' '^'''Tr • "'"'^^^'""'^ *« (7C) 174.i._'Am."•■ '••UHea.is, Delahaye." ^» ^nville. I,4G. . . .A Pan., die. lautcur. . . .(iravi^ par (iuih. Ill I.oH.,i..,»jo„ of th.. (Mario (Joxoniim.it. A dotted lint- eomni.npos on th<' northern lio.ii ,.f *i • , -n-s Pay. and runs thence south-w"u ;, . "' ""''' '" ■"• ''"^'' "'""" '^^' ""''^ "'' »'"•'- n.ap,,,.d.l722;-cro.s.sin, the HuTI^tl.; J k v ""•'"'' '""""' ' ^ ^''" '"" "" '^^^ ''•^•'''•^ latitmlo .5(r L7. and longitude ' , ^TJf'' ) "™" '^":' ^''^ '^»>-»" » P"'"^ i» "''out .toj,.. Thi. height of 4d : ;;„u^ •; • ^^■'•'•••' -'^'^ -^ touches the h..i,ht of land, and the,. K, ..mmucd theucc .souttierly to the portayo of Temi.camino,,, „.j 100 I' Work . l>i'ivnU ' is sliewn ■iiilr, No. .J7.) tlio siitiKj iiutlior, 'Iliii . ..I7f4." 10 46°, ill li,n^'. IKi" f Paris. On tlio Foits I/Hiiillier V'cn tiie Ali.v-i.s- • • I'ai \. Hfllin Llif.sc (.('ill,' iiiaj) 20 tlu> name (■oin- uiicnccs iiiiilway i I'i'st.s Ahitil)i.s lies Piians, are lit of the ( '(juri- 30 !jn l.y tlio X,.l- aiKi.lcse iiidiuii^ 5" Tlio lifi;,'ht A Paris, (.•hcz ^ roii.Ht, iiiTo ■ ; uiidLxti'iiils 40 i St. Lawrcnco. >iic d'Orleniis. ivt< jiar (Jiiill. •■list of Kiifl- <>e i'l.sli-H Joint ill alioiit iiit'l, mil! there 'aiiiiiigiiL' and lifllci" .S(tl!tll-oa.s \yY\\ idle itiiiLT t' I' ilivi-iion "!' i] Uors of til.' Ott'iwa from (1 Tl tlmt IC 'iM'.s ti'iii liiiiil of tl/n iiiii!! i .1 i; ;iiiiv 1.1 •■( ,l.i"l ,f Si 1. las no otlui- lioiiU'lary in L,nionay, At (lir'ftiKii ; nor !i:is it on ilir norlii, i\\i-"|i! ii^ iliv.al V lll.lU ritf.i. [''ortsSt. (i inin, .Aliililiin \a' SinMir ami L'llnllicr arc iiiarki."!. 'I'lm Mi.-..- Tl "« Sll" tl. i<» auth(»r o .r th k, " iliTiiarks in .support of tlu; Now Chart of North and South America, by V. (iririi, K^'|., i.ondon, printid l,y Tlioinis .FcUV'tys, I7"';i," states that '■ .M. D'Anvillt! runs tho partition line |liefwc(.'n the Kn^'li-li and I'Veiich possessions] throujrh tlie parallel of fifty, ami, to the south of llii 1 Hn\ I'.ay, makes it turn oil' with a sweep iiirthward, and continuus it in thtit 10 dire-tion at tlie ilistanee of ali'/Ut "JO kai,'ues < y, from the eastern eo.nst of the P.ay, to the lati- tude of 'if de.^MT's" 'p. 21'); and in the !viu'li>1i reproduction of " D'Aiiville's .Map of North Iti.n . 17'i2," tlie !-aiiie lino oast of the li-iv, is shown as tor- Uiierii-a, <'V ':illy iui|irovid hy Mi'. 1' liiiatinir a! the .")'.>ih i)aial!el, with a note ly the cdit^.r, " .Mr. DWiivillc's line ea^t of dames' Kay Accordiu'.,' to th nvillc, as ninnite' lo of!)' A continuation may liavi sc aiuiioiitic-, then, till' liiu in .pnstioii must apiiear, on some edition and uc.^w.ird hIoul; the .')();h para'.lc! ; Imt how far is not stated. The "en U) colol lis only, which use not shown on the fipy in hand. 20 (77) 1747. — " Map of all the Known World, liy Kmannel I'.c.wcn," (in "Complete System of (leojjraphy . .illustrated with seventy ninps, hy Kiimiuu 1 Doweii, ( Seoi^rapher to His Majesty. . London, 1747.") Li^gixlativo Agseiiilily Libraiy, Tun no i "Canada" has no honmls here assi;>nMl to it on the north or west; on the south and sonth-west, it is hound mI hy the iioiihcin lioiindary of anei"nt Florida -or more pro]>erly of Lmdsiana, viz.: therii \\atcr>li(i! of lie" Missouri, from its source to a point an enirravec I li lie, toiloWlliL' llie Iiol above its junction with the Misds-.ipni, and tlieuee e;isterly, )>arlly idijiii,' and partly south of the parallel ol 40 , to the Appalaehian Moiinlaiiis, here shown iis the westerly honinls of Virginia and Pennsvlvania. (78) 1747. -'•A New Uencral .Maji of Anici Lt>gi»li»'ive A.sufiul'ly Ml-niry. Tun ntn. ica, 'iiiiaiiiic !! )wen, 1,111 same woi ■k.) no " Cana la or New Krance," has no limits on the north or west; on the south and .sonth-we.st, thov nccoid with those mentioned in the picci'diii'.; map. A part of th" name, however, com- thiis indicntin;,' that Louisiana was a ilependciicy of Loiii-iaiii, with part of Canada and Florida.. by Kmanuel Notfls on Miipa, 1C32- 1857. if the .Mi.^-uuii. in It. 4 f V nil nces west o ( 'aniida. (79) 1"47. — " A New and aecurati Mi Bowen," (in same work.) liCgiuliitivo A»»oiuliU- biliMi-y. T>ioiiln. All the territories from the nortliern limit of the map, which is north of the height of land, to fin; (inlf of Me.\ico on the soiiih, and liom the " Appalachian .Mountains" to the eastern bounds of New Mexico, arc eou\pii-ed in C.mada and Loui.Mana ; but no boiindnry is run between these two Provinces, 'i'he name, "rail oft'anadii," commences south of Lake Superior, at alioiit 8f)° West, and sirikin,' thc'sontherly shor.s of Lakis Miehij,'an, Kiie, and Ontario, ends between Lake 40 Cleoiue and the St. Lawn nee Kivcr. The Missi.ssipjii and Mixsoiiri respectively have their sources south of the 40lh paralhl. I'orls Ciiaaiiestii,'ouia, Cha>;iniamii,'on, Liiillier, Verto, Macliiliinakiauc, St. Mai V, l-ii Bayc, Clii<'Ut,-ou, St. Joseph, and lho.>e in the Illinois country, are marked. (80) 174.S.— "A Map of North America, with Ilud-on's ISay an.l Straits, anno. 174S. R. W. Scale, sculp." Ill |ins»u»mi)ii ef flio Ciitiiiio (ioverninonl. This is another of the niaps sent by the Ilmlson's Bay Compuny t<» the IVjininion Government for the pnrpo.se of the jircsciit Arbitration. It bears the Royal A. .im and the ■.■!:is of the Com- pany. It was iindoi.bodlv prepared by direction in the interests of tie- Company, in view ..f the proceedings of ■■■ r.-rliamc-ntary <"'omt»it>c!! fippointed (in the aa:.ic year th.it thi^ nst.p ,- di.ted) to emiuiro into their nflairs, aud appears intended to show the extent of the limits clair. , .- Ontario Appendix. Sec. IV. AliKtllantiitii. Notet n 1867. 110 Kiv.T in tl,e panillol of 50 ' ,..,.1 l.av , 1 f' ' •" \"'."^- -''tl-vestnly (cross!,,. F.-o.,c.h,..,„.-.s tl.o parallel „f 4.... at a poi.it ' ,. ^ 1 ' ' , j; " ^ .'^ 7-''""^'>- ,^« ^'^ --l-ea.,, to a.„...t n.'rti. of F.ake Superior ; thence ,lue west ( , 1 1 , ', "T ""'•'''■"•"■^'^•'b' to a point a lir.l,. which re,,..e..,.ts .he Lake of th, Vo^^. t "^ t "'' ,'"" ''' '\'"'"'' '"'•^ -"'='' ^^--o-.'. l-U river th.- n.K.ts it with Lake WiiT Wo , / ''7, ^'^ "•"'^"•'^- '"^"'^'* "'"^'-t '■'^'^ -'• ^^a tl.oea.st.- y shores of that lake a.. , a"! h ^ l" ' '' '"? "'" ''"''^ ^^''""'l^'^J- "'"' '^'»"« the nortnerly part of Lake Win,"^. ^ -I l'''"' ^'iT T"'^' "''"''' '^ '"'^■"''-' '" -1— ^ only for..s of the < -on.pany nuu-k 1 Tii; .h 'n, "-^'-'.v to the houa of .M .,i,r. M,v. The tlK'SluWe[EastMainlKiver a'W isinlil r, '1' "'"•' ""'^ ^^'"•■''" ' '^'' ^h „.;,„tli of 10 (81) 174«.-. Mappe M„n,ie par iX^:t"^^t\ '■" T" ""'"■''*^''' N- V.„.k «,ato Libn'v '^"l^'-' t- • 1 .48 (l,ou,„l .„ \ u.seUeV Qeo,;raphie. . ^ ' ,n8 17o5.") '""' ^'''w^-tZ^S^^"^^^""^'"' ^-'" «^- ^-'' ■- ''^■■..aphe Onlinaire Cu Roi. 17.." "Cana.ia"exten ,. =n tj.is instance, the na.ae cr,...; the focTt ot" „ • , T" "'"^ '"'^'"''''•^ ""^'-^^'"'^ ^^Y J and, the northern bouu.iary of L .ui,sia 1 is . „ , '^ ~^'] •^-='''-— 'Iv l-m.huy. which iJ Mm.smppi; the.,,:., e^-f riv uartlv , n n: h Iv ll ^h. Au.,so.,r,, ,u .t.s junction with the E»^li.h colonies. wh.,o u .: scll^.; " o^ ^ '^"''' ""' ^''^^'^ ''^'"^ ^'^ I-''^"<^1 of 40^ to the the Li..ra.-y of th. Forei:,. Ullice. L.^ ""' ^'''^ ' ''^^'""' ^"'"^^ (,th, iril.. (In Library, L(.iirl..ii, England. line drawn al.n, 4«,h pa.-al . t .'^.'T; r^^^' ^'"""'''' -•'•«"''-"•« ^^.y." A.ilthe: 30 no,-th latit.,de. 4H^ was\he no..thern 1^^ :LX\^" :^ l' l'"^ "-•'1'^-- " This line of ' Couneil of Plymouth, in I.;.'! ; hut n Z v a ,• . r" T^", ^'^' '^''■^"'•""- ^he Lst. to the Hing to the no.thwa,.d of Cana.lJ^t tCl H v . V"n P^'^ '"" '^^ '^^''^'^ =^" ^''^' '^^^ wa.. indeti..ite in its northern i.ounlla.^ieruil tl.c v!^, 171- ""''^'' ""'^ '^'"'"''^ "'• ^'^ ^^'•"'^^0 tJl^^.t;.7,t::!.f:,^::;;r^"- ""^^-r''^ «^ ^^-"^■^''^ "n. between latitude .s^..o; the,.,. run,,in;:;:.s:;^';,;r "in" " "tr'' ^^''"'^'^ *^"^'^"- - "-^h till the line touched ,T, north",atitude ; and . W w^H^Jn:;:!,;!^^"^" '^""^""""^ ^"^'--^ (84) 17oO,— "('artodesnouvellcsDecouvertcsdans rOnn ♦ I n , . M. -ie la VV.ra,.derie, et donnee au D K It. lla^ ' ?"'^^^^^ '"'"'• '^"^ ^'^''"-'•- ^''^40 nule in Mr. Lind.sey'.s Report.) ' *"'"" P""" '^'- '''' ''^ ^ialis.soniere, 17.,0." (Facsi- Dopartmont ..f Marino, Piiris. Shews the lakes, and connectin"- rivers wo^t ,.fT„i o between that Lake and Lac de la piuie Thrld A " m"'- "''"''; ""*' ^'" •"^■'^'"" ^^^ ^''" ""^ters NeLson Rivers, a.e also ,„arked-the lalter arrv^ : ,^"'" """% ^'' '^'^^'^ [Saskatchewan], and Bay. FortsSt. Pierre on LicdHa PI s'f'T^^^^ ^"''"'''""" "' "'"'^-'^ Lacs Ouinlp,>on, La Reine the Ts;!^!^ n ,^' "^ '^"""'''^ ''* ^'"^ ^""^ «f Prairies. a,d BonrW.., at thp ,,f/^^'. '*'"'' ^^^"I'hin .... t',. aorth-west shor. of L-- .'..-. ''°^'^°^"^'^'-"'^"^^''=''«--''^-^hown. It will be „;ticea' ^ Ill line which (•omrncnocs (crosHiiijr I'Vuiicliniiiir.s u! suuLli-east), to ahunt ilerly to n jxdnt a little I'o caliiid Niiiii^foii, lnjt i of tliat Jako, ami of a Winiiipcgj, ami tilong I illti'liducl to lL'|in;ieiit of .'i'lHu's Ihy. Tlio 'SI! , la tiio hiouHi of 10 :i. i!ra|)liie...r''iri8 I7u5.") The natiK; comiiiencea (hi Roi, 174«." •< HiicLsuu's Bay ; and, y Iniiuduij,-, which is 10 Kocky lUoutitaiiis 2 ts junction witli (he aiallcl of 40', to liiu 'cncy William Shiily Pioviiice of AJassii- ,'ust tJth, 1719. (In '. Tliis lino hy the in's Bay." Another 30 itioii : " This line of •inits tlie ist. to the L'odod all the lands lada or New France ', the lines between ic Ocean, in north tinning soutli-wcst los Menioires do 40 re, 17.)0." (Kacsi- sion of the waters .skatchewanj, and i^'on to Hudson's s at the foot of sliore of Lac-, ds^.s t will be noticed, that whereas, in 17.17, Fort La Reine w.is the most advanced of tlie Oanadinn posts towards the <>ntabio west, wehaveiiiiw ii'iiched tlie S.iskati'iiewan, whicli, witliiii two wms aft.'rwanis, was ascended — ^ .' ■ Sec. IV. to its aonicc. ... „ Another MS. .^l;lll, now in llie l)i'{iu; di' la .Marine, at Paris, and also beurinj^ tlie date 17-50, with the following title, v' ; : "C.irte rarv, Tnicinin. The name "Canada .sivc Nova Francia" commences at Lake Winnipeg. (R7) 17')0.— " Nova Orbus sive America '.iatth. Seutter, Sac. Cais. Maj. Uoogr., &c." 20 Lcu'isliilive .\i;si'Milily lalii"UT, TorniUd. The name- " Cmada hodie Xova Fr.uicia' eoinmences at Lake Winnipeg, (88) 17.')0. — " AL'ijipa (.}jo:jra|>liiea Regionein ?de:;icaiiain. . . . Matth. Seuttcrie, &c." fsamo Atlas), Legialativu .\ssumlily Lilmiry, Tuicaito. The name "Canada sive Nova Francia" commences west of the Mis.souri, in latitude 42J°. (SO) 17jO, — " America cum Snpplementis l'ylyglotti.s" (.same Atlas). liOgisIiitivo A8,seiiil'ly Libiriry, Tiiroiito. The name " Cana0.— " Anu'riiine Sejitentrionale, [tir le Sr. Robert Vaugondy, fils de M. Robert, Geographj Ordinaire du Roy, \7'>V>," New York Stjito Library. "Cvnada" has no limits towards the west ; on tho north, tliore is no boundary between it and Hud.son's Bay ; but tlie slioro lines of tliat Bay aie sd eoloureil as to leave it, to bo inferred that they are not a French pos.scssioii. *0 (92) 17J2. — " Carte Physiipie dcs terrains les plus t'lt'vcs de la Partie Occidentale du Canada, ou Ton voit les n'mvelles de-ouvcrtes ilcs olHciers Francaisa rOuost du Lac Superiur. . . ."(MS.) I'ailiaineiitary Library, Ottawa. This map shews tlio ..".i,a>«iai»MSS^feSi 112 Vi,c.!ian,„u,. si'ivant, ,\ Pari.." ' *' •^ri""Vi..- ilan.-, ..„ii asscmh].;.,, ,1,, fi Sqitfuihrt N'otei (in Maps, 1032, 1867. continu..,! ...t.vanl to ,I„. ,,.„,, ,r t'.M;!;;..'! ^k V^'''"'' " ?•'^■''^■'' '■' -' '"^'--1 In...; VIZ : .■. .-fuiin uf niountaiMs m wiiivi, tl... R ,1.. ...a- V. , 'T "' '*"'''' ''■■^^'-very u sl.own, t at. ti.o vano.s nvon a,.! lak.s w ,1. H^:"^. ' t"ir V "'• '"'"'"'• '^ ^'"'^"- "-' '--"i ^"•^^' '- l<".t!ns, .s o,;\.anv ut It '; ^' r'^*"'',^"*^''-^^^^^ "^ "- '-^^ of «'-a ..n tl. N..!s„„ Kiv..,- ..tw.o,; Lak^ V ^ 1 t "i '^"hI;:'';'' t '^ T' "' '"'"^""^'^- '•^'^ '^ an,s..nfro„,a,ni-t.,k,.„ro.din.of J.vr.nu. .,rl ,",.? V'^ "'" '■'■''"• '^"'"'^ t>' '"'v-.- n^.oetiv.Iv.,f ,.,MVinni,4a.t.o.p;:;-,:|::: ' "'■'^ ^o-U!...,,. an. .,..,,.,.„ ,,,,,„. (9*) I7..2 -•• Cut. .le. .Ioc.uvon,..s .lo rA.niral .i. Ion,. , ., ,. , Slicwstholinoof D.'ri.lo'.s.M,,, (-,.,1 17., , i . ,• w..torLak..S,n„.nor; tl.o eonn.'.Lti. r^'u' Hu 1 '!'• U ^ '' vT'"" ' "'" ''"'"''^ "^ '-^ 20 nno ropresontin, the „o..t,ia.,n water.,!,,.. ,/ ", u, ""•"* \ ^^i ^^■'-'' '^'v.r ; tho ......avoJ C.»m,.a^dnK.t,.x.actlvasi„t^.proce,linl,n; '' ' ""' '''" "-- " ^^'-velle Frar:;o ou " Noinollo Fnineu ou ( mm. It" ,.••( ,. i ••.Mc.,i.i-o„..,.,„,„„. ,:, ,;: :ir:r'':':''';r""- ■^'"r''"™—-'-"- l.ncouvcr,. S... „„u. ,„„„,,, „f '.Vo,,' '""■""■ "'-''•'■""''« «"lf "f 0».sia, (Slr.it. of """ '"'x:f "it:,:',::;:::,: '■"""'-" "™""™ »■' -■■' •■- ■• »- •'- «^.o ,.,..,. ,7., . ,, A,S:;"io^::,;:':,;^;;^;,i.^^-,^:i-;^=). .^». ..;.!»,. «™i..„ „ ,„„„ .„,„ „ ,„^ «">i.-.-.icr,).o,.." ci„« cii 2,;. :;,":;^ "™"- ■r'» —0 o„„„ !„' *"* '"'^r";.vr::i;:;;''"'"' - ""' - ■'■■'■• ^^' ■ m.^ t,,„ «,„„. ,., ^ „,,, • '■("anaila ou Noiivclli' Fru.,.,. " ... i i no... or ,.k. of t,.. w.„!;:"^;.o:;:r:,::f : ■: ^;;: ^;;;:';/-r'" '•'- ^-- -— mountain d,ains of Xo.tl. Anuri™, as L a. tW^k .w T r"^'";" *" '^'''' ""^ ^•'^•-^"" north, south, we.t an-l .onU,.uv..s._i. fai.h jv , r 7"''''"'""' "^ ""'' "'^f- f^awrnuv- 43 ..thor. ..xton.Iin,. fn.„, near Lak- .Snp.nor to a cl ' i '"-' ^^ "'"''"■^' '^•^•'^'"•" »" tho moMntains run youMi. r!v to th,. t.- , f , - '"-nntams near AJer ,!.■ I'Oucst T),„ .,.....,.:„ r;,';;-:-;::::-;;i:::-^--^^^^^^^^ (U8j l/.>2.—" Carte rftln^ .111 U„y, prosmtoo !'. ("I. l7-:-2. Iiuivtofuru liifii oil ( 'iiimila" com- *' till) line iii-iitioiioil; I'.V ••in cni^rrnvcd Ij,,,., < discovery is sliown, '• thu R. .Ii's A.s.ioiiil,()el.i 10 is shown, nnd Iwyuml ">'« liiiy. 'i'lio .soi".ic,..s Wi'st of tllc L:iko of > in iuKigiiifiry lake is fi-ior sfi'iiis to havi! fi'l iioi-thcin portions 7.)2." (In- lioij,'lit of land 20 liiviT; tiiu c'ngravi'd Nouvolle Ffaiico ou • ..17.j2." comniuncea ncjar the i-onnecteii with tlie Guoiyia, (Stiaita of "'ifhe i7,-,2," 50 point .south ( f (1,0 ' nunio coniniencoi yaskatcliL'waii (not "'•lio..l7,-,2." * c i.aiiii> connncnccs f-how, tho vaiiouH ''« St, fjawrenco— 49 which iiivi.se •'■Jy to the parallel 'in. *1" rislo, do I'Aca- ra«is, Septenibre <1 flio inscription 60 ■ast Hide of Hud- 10 4 9'i 113 son's Bay; also on tho west Mido, terminating ..t tho mouth of tli.. Chinrhili ; tho foot of tiic Imy i-t cut oir, Lccause of tho peculiar conti^'iiration of (ho map. The n ime -Canada" connu.-ncci n-uth of Lake of the Wootls. |,ut api.lies \ve,tward to the sea. An e,i-rased line, inleiided to represent tho boundary hetwoen Cana.la an.l Louisiana, follows the nortliein watrrshed of the Missouri to Mio Rocky Mountains, close by the sea. In thes,' snne mountains rivers \rhieh fall into Lak« Winnipe;,' take their rise. The sniirce of the .Mississii)pi is duo s.ajth ot tlmt lake, an ! west l.y south of Lake of the Woods. (99) 1752.— " North America, by the Sr. d'Anville, -really iinim.ved by Mr. Ilolton. Kn-iaved '.v K W. Scale, I7.'>1'." It is also marked un the corner, '• North America, plate I., for Mr. IVstlethwai',) Diet, of Commerce." Ill tho p'.sBosBiim of t!io ( )iitiirio (iuvermiieiit. An engraved dotted line, conunencinf,' on the limit of ih.- map, N. K. of Lake Mistassin, runs, ou anjrregular course, to a point near Lake Abitibi, which it strikes, on the east shore, in about lat. 4!)° lleeoinniencini,' on the west shore it is coiitii I westward (but not 011 a strai-hi c.mrsej to the limit of the map, l.')^ beyond Kamini.sti(jnia. F -n the northern limit of tlu^nap, east of limlson's Hiy, in lat. o.SV', aiiotlier line, corresponding De I'lsle's f-d. 17:iL'; runs south- westerly to the par. of o()\ which it strikes half way btf.'.;»i-»-n the Knpert and tiie Moose, where it .>tops. On tho face of the map i.s tho memo.: "The liie- that parts Freneh Canada from Ihitish Canada was settled by Couunissaries after tho peace of Utreeht, making a eiirv.' from l),avis' Inl.t, in tho 20 Atlantic Sea, down to the 4!)-', through tho Lake Abitibis, to tii.' N. \V. Oeeaii ; tluretoro Mr. D'Anville's dotted line oast of James' Uav is falsr." Fort St. (Jermaln is maiked. (100) l7o2.— " Mapiie Monde, par le Sr. Robert .le Vaugondv, lils. A I'ari.s, cluz les f+rs. Roliert Geoirs Oi.ls. dii Roy. J7.-,i>." ' • b • The name " Canada " (but not " Now France") appears on the face of the map. Now Vurk Stalo blliriiry. (101) 17.'):}.— Carte du Fays connii .sour le nom du Canada. ..par le Sr. Robert de Van 'ons phis cloves de la partio occidentale du Canada.. par Philippe Buache. .publico sous le privilege do rAcadomie. . 17;H. ' New y.rk Stiite Library. A line, engraved ond coloured, and conforming nearly to De I'lsle's (ed. 1722) commences at the eastern limit of tho map, a little west of the Rui)ort River and north id' the .')Otli paralKd. It fol- 50 lowd tiiia parallel irregularly (cro3.sing the Moose atiout a dogrcc from its mouth), to the source -, the River Perrai, in the height of land, whicli it touches at no other point ; it here abruptly turnj 15 Ontahio AriK.NDlX. Srv. IV. M iicrllnnfrntt. II N"t<'!( "11 .\Ia|w, 1033- ia-)7. i ' ii 414 Ontasio Appkxiux. Sw. IV. Mnetllanroun H 1 11 N' tiTi uu ^Itiin, 1633. I86f. that which ,livi.I..s tJ... wn •, / U... P- 7';"^ "^ '"'^" «"P^"-'"'- '^ "'- -^'-vt - ' • tlKs. „.,.„,,„., ;,;;„,. '"' '" ' „'' r-*^'-'' '^-k';t.-h..,v.u. Churchill. . tc. tako thur n.-. l.-i rnarke.1 as if well k.,..n, nml , '-,, .ulX w h ^J > ' " I "'r"'" "^"^ '""^-^ 'tumcI. i. 10 I'ut the main branch ,' .. in tl. slm '. \ '! w -^''^^'^^'I'l" '"'-^ ''•* ^"'"cc in J., Uuu«o. latter has a line on. .. .,",■ ''"''''' '" "'" *''"'""-'- '^''^ '""•^'-'•'y "«te..ho.l r,f ,L north of Rainy Lak.- an.l ull '' r,:^ r*; . ' ;•/-^I-^ 'f '''V'^^^- ''"- —es westwanl, to , l,o sea. The- watur conn .. I Mrv.„M,,p. ; .t applies to ail (h,, te.,itori..3 correctly sh,.u,.. e.cpt a Ju . in ' .'r" '";"' '] ''' "^ '"'^" ^"I'^''"'- *" ""•'-"'^ l'.ay U ."arke,i: /.^l, E J :,!:.'' ME'r?-'''";: ^''--'y -ntione.|;an,l ,he French UuL imenJe,It.M>i,resentLake (ha 1 • "'" T"^''^''' "'' '^''"^ ''"•^^•^i^ ''^ V^''^-^'^^ toanatra.e,.inata;:;tv":;'r;.i;t:r;\;;:r:^^ ^'--" "--^'' ■-' -^1-1,0 P"''li>'. • I, the an 'or Kb ^^ ""l''""T'\^;V'-^«''-"''^ ^''-'^a'-ns-.^y ^^ . Itni.p.ar. Iron. aprn.l,.,ln.,.>n,.. of ii„.„„.!,„r on tlielir,. r ,1 i ciuion, an.l amtain. nmtter not in the tU.i li ' \> '""''' '*'"' ""^ '^ ^'"^ ■^-•^•"•"» lins map was un. h.rtaken with Ll , .. i ■ i , " ' omini(pn (Jovernment 'f the niap, north-ea.st f Lake Mi,- of the M e at somcMn. ''''"''•'- '"".'' ^ "-^"'t-lit crosses one of the branches 40 connect. ,1 with Long Uk J-!!^ o . Z^: ':T. [ 7\ % ^"•" ' ' '' ?'? '''''''' *'"• ^^'-'^ ^'^' - westerly, to a point tn the lin.it of iT I ' , '"^'""; n"' ""•"''■ "•■^'' ^ '^ '^"•' •'^""'''- in about lutitu.lo 41) 4s'. anV lo Lit .leT u ' 1 ' 'r""' "^ ''"* ^"'^" "''^'^ ^ ^^'-"'■•'- ""^1- -C.1 .,- tin. ncotiato. of IhoT^t tf ' „; " '^'"" ^''"t"' ^ '"''" "^ ''''^ '""!' "- bonn.lary line to the hea-l water, o." ^ " ""*''"""" '"^ '" '" "" '^''•"ational 11.-. t almost even ilistfinco if li'iniiiiatcH witlidut 'I'll.! ll .ij^'llt uf il,„I n i|ii"'stion bciiij^ alMni' ■ioi' is also nIicwii^ uh ii iiii'l, IVijiii tliosi; dj" tliu wliidi rurw noitlu'ily, t.iki' tlitir tIm', I'imiii ; its li'WiT part mi. 1 iu aiij l()i)<,'.'8t limiicli in 10 'jliiiiibiji Uiv.r, wliioli ■■* wiiicu in 1,(1 Kongo, litriy « utoiNlioiI of tlio it fiiiiiis tlio limit lo- ittiT iiftiiif conimt'tices .'.-> to all tlio tfiritorics »r to Hml.son'.s iJay u iliu Frt.'iicl) fdits aro Lukf; it is i>roli.il.|y aru said iiavc visited 20 iiscril»( " land, and north of )ne of the liranehe.'t 40 Ls till" waters i,t, or westtilyand .snuth- of til.' Woods, and, of this map was » the ilernational it tliiougli Long iito l^kc yupi-rior. ?aty of Utrtcht' S'orthern limit of tlio inap. which • ; 50 n about longitude 20 1 '*"•. ^'*^,["^'' '• *"•""''<■•• fill 111'' ^"iitli hy th.. St. Liwronre Rlvor, the "hounds oftho Six Nations," an. I (inaii f.,. i,u.,i,ii„„ „f Kit' we-tw.ird, the 4tHh parallel of north latitude, wliieh is also nuuk. u th.; " n.irllMrn »K)unds ..f Virj,Mnia hy chart, r." I'lie main l.ranch of tlu; Missi.s.sii,|,i i^ oiri.y th.' liiiiii „f ihe map at about huilu.le 47' IT and h)n;,'itu.lo lor :;i) : n.ar it is (h.^ ,„., : " The hea.l ..f th.- Missi..sippi is „ t yet known. It is supposed to ariNO about the TiOth .le-r,e .,f latiiud, ami w.'.stirn boumis .,f this map," i-e. The western b,.uml.H ..f the mapat that laiitu !.• would b.- in the meii.lian of betw.'on lO.V ami lOtJ . The Missouri i.< .'lit otrby the western limit of the m.ip, in latitud.' 4^' "><)' and loii-itn.je lO.T 30': on it is the inscription "Missouri Hiver is r.rkon.'d t.> run westward to the m.Mnitains of New Mexieo," tc. 10 At latitml. 4.Tand l..n«itu.le loO' is the ins.'ription ; " thus Tir the French ascemi the Mis.s.mri." lietwi.Mi that river and the we.stein bank of the Missi.s.-,ippi, opposite tlio Oui.scon-iii), a track in laid down with the in.seription: "Uoiiteof the Frem-b to tl.c western fn.lianH." F.-rls Abitibis L-Su.urand hullieran.l the Freneb e-tallislimrnl -, buke Mi.m re marke.l as Hubsistinp. F It Uiip.rt i.s mark.'.l " abamlonol." On the w.s,, ,;y m.MX'in ot i, ii,.:i|. is the memo : "... We sec that Louisiana, whieb was j;ra!it...sissippi, thni) all our C.lonii.s t.ik. n to.,',ther w.niid be if extei; led to the Mis.sis- sippi. Canada, again, i.s larger li.an .ith.-rot these. ..." "A new map of Mul-on's Hay and Labrad.ir" occupi.\s a cormi of the larLfcr mai>. ft shows a line, engrave.! and colour.sl, and marked " pr.tposed limits of Hudson's IJay," running from "CriminL'ton For ('. IVrdrix," (which point is marked "ext.^nt of Sir Ilumj.hrey tiiibert'.s grant, 1 .-.IM,') on :i diivet course .south-westerly to the limit of th ;ip, being the parallel of oO" : it divhleM Lake Mi.stissln into tvv • parts in it.s course. (105) 175.").—" ( 'ai t ! \isso.ssions Angloises ct Francoises du continent do rAincrique Septentrionale, 177.V a Amster.lam, ehez R. & J. Ottens, (.ieograplies." New Vi.rk ,^[;ito Libniry. Has an eiigrav.-d ami coloured line, .■orres|)ondiiig cx;i< tly wiih that on Mitehell's inap of 17.')5, just mentioned, and terminating at the .Mvmo point, nor;h of the Lake of tb' Woo.ls, aiiluMigh the limit of the map is eon-iderably west of that point. The territory north of this line to Hml.son's Bay, is coloured yellow, .such c louring not extending west of the wtiterly point of .such lino, or of the westerly shores .jf Luk- < Sioux an.l Ass.Miipouals, The t.-rritory south of the line i.s coloured green, .nueh colouring being c.mtinue.l westerly to the limit of the map. in ab.)ut the mcri.lian 100' The name "Canada" com-nenies midway between Rainy Lake and Lake Nepigon. In the margin it is explained that tin; .. How and green colours in licato the Knglish and Frcii.'b rolonies, res- spectively. Caiinda Ims therefore no western limit : tiie western limit of the Hudson liay territory is the eahlern shore of Lake Winniiiec. (lOfi^ 175.";.—" Carte .le rAmrri.iue Septentrionale, depui.s le . ^ .ie lat. ju. ,u'au 72\ .jiar. X. Bellin,... 1 755." Now York Statt! I.ilirarj-. A lin.', engraved and cdoiire.l, runs from Hmlson'.s S: raits south-westerly (at a greater distance •to from Hudson' Mnv than niilar line on !>■ 'f ,'.'.s and other maps) to ami through Lake Nemis- '■■1"' ■'"' ' '' 'ulh.rly to the height . I, h-uiwt of Lake Abitil> thence abmg the water.siird, w.-t . i_v toa point north of Lake N- ? i ,ti.l north-westerly to the Bourbon (Nelson) River, which it ( : osses at about the po.siiionof i:-i '.t ..ake, and i hence norlh-wtssterly to and beyon.l the Churchill. A division of the waters of the Nelson and Churchill h indicated at the.se points ., iiresenting their Ontario Ai'i'K.iiaj. yt\$ffll>tnm\n. Niitea on .Mtt|w, IfiS;- IbOr. no ■../'■ ! , ft: i' . H . • I'-i: O.VTAKtO Ari-Exiiii, ikv. IV. Mitre'lnn'oui, Notes on -MapM, 1033. 1857. 11(1 Ni'w York HU\U> U\trt\ty. I'liihiuiiuiilaiy LiUiiry. OHa«u ' '' 10 i"<" l-.tkc. .\..,,i.o,. f,.,„n tl.0 .Ch , r ■ ^^'^ ^'■'•'"'""« "'^- Ale.nipissaki. a riv-.r lulling iine o.. .I.e .„'i,i,..l of D-A, I 4./, /,: '7^^^^ T'' -"''•"•'-'>• "«rees with the like west ; the n.n,.oxt,...,ls I.evon 1 I^sTlia,,^ .'T ' • '"'^ "" "'"'^^ ""■^'""'^"^ ^" '^ «" *''" 20 L- Su,,.ur u„,i' L„illi„. aiv ;;:,S'- T'— .n.ouen ami M.s.s..sac.ai,an. Fort St. (Jennain. Al.itibis. ''""' '''t;'^::^:^';;;:;;;^'""' ^"^ '^-^'' -^ '' ^•^-"'^- ^'--li^hed ^^ Th^ jee^^y, 1755.- r.t.:::h:rs:t :^'t::i';r'u;;tL:';;:^ :[ rr'- '^ •- ^'^^-^^ - ^-"^-" easterly beyond L. Mista.sin. The na n c ( Z ,a " ' n ''; '" , "' '"'"'''''"" '" ^^^ •^'"I'-S""' Uuiny Lake, the li„nt of the i.u,, i„ thatc.uartrr ' ^ " '" '^""""'^ "*•'''' ^^''^^ ^«>'^'"uw iork Stiitc Librarj-. i • • • g Shews a ii.ie e.xactly the same at that of Mitchell's man nf 17-^ i . and colo,.,.e.I, l.„t has „o insc.iption. The .. v ptteTuls fu the'r" t M '' '"?'""."' = '' '' ^"^^'•'^^'*^ wanl than Jlitchell's, |.„t the i,„. sfon« , .7 , ''"* «'<=^tw«'-'J «"'• to the east- The weste,.n l^oundary Tt^ ^^^^^^^^ "^ '1- --o points as on hi. ■coIo„rin,toali„eeonLnci„,att ewe te te,^^^ " .'"''"'^^r' ''^ ^'- 'i'-t'^tion of the northerly to and along the e-Jern 1 .ks '^ ,k s" "" . "' ""^ """"""^''^ '""^ -^' *'--« tl.e fi..tly „.entioned line, and south of the , .. U , of f" ^'"f "''\"'"^'^' ^''^ --t^y -"'h of the .nn,. in about lO.".^. is coloured as a iven 1m! sL T '"."'"' ""'""'■'' '" *''« ''""^ "^ nK.neos n.idway between Hainv Lak^l , t Won"' m '"TI"^'"'"''''" '^''"^ "-"« — it is an Er.-di.h publication.) " ^*^"°- ^^''°"^''' ^'^^ ^"^^ "^ t'-i^^ '"ap is French. 40 ^"S:t:^^r:t:::^:£n:l7^^^ ---^ --eouh. .anad. panes. hducat..,.. I)cpartm..iit, 'r,,r..nto and Alhany. Extends westward to a point a little west of TnU ah •.-, • by an engraved line, nmrk'ed ■' Ha^teurrrs Ws ' TT' "" '"^''* '' '^"^^ ''^ '"'^'-'^'l Lacs du Canada." which .shows these lake, f.o,. W • . r' ?°'V " * " «"PP'eniont pour les division of the wate,-.s between L'ai y U^^t Lk Z' ^ "' ''' ''''''''' '"^'"^^'^- ^ho St Pierre and St. Charles are marked ' ■""■ "* '''°^°- ^'''^' ^"'"'■•''•. ^e Sueur, (.12) 17...-.Carte des Possessions Angloiseset Francises du Continent de P Anieri.ue Hept.nt.o..I, .0 • I -I 4 117 riulilication. Tlu' marginal exjiliumtions ure in French and EngliMh. k.~Tv r.iiiH lal.i-iny. Miifellantout. A line, (.'ti;;ravud and i'ilouri.'d, i'lllow-. tlii> 4;)tlj piiialicl. fruiii tin- wotcrn limit i . mnp, in alKJUt long. lO.lwt'Ht from Orci-nwitli, ii i puint imini'diatfl> west of Luke Abitibi vi I'H' taking a turn t'l till! south (■ii>«t it fti." l'iti'liiuiiuiilnr.v, bilnury, Otluua. Gives, as the westerly and .suiitli westerly boundary of " Canndii," a coloured line, commencing at the mouth of the lio\nbon [Nelson] lliver, thoiico up that river to L. Winnipeg, westerly along the line of the Sn.skateliewan lUvi-r 'not nmrked) a short ilistunee, siuilli easterly to the Mis-issippi at a point ilue west of L. Superior, and ilown that riv.r to its cieitlufuee with the Ohio. Labrador and Iluilson's Bay, e.\cept that portion of the west coast north of the NeU are included in Canada. 20 The source of tho Mis-i^sippi is sout!i-west (»f L Winnipeg. (Ill') I7"»(J.— " (,'hiirtu Von dem Kugelln iidi.seli..n u Fr.inz(esischen Besitzuugen in Nord America," by the same author, and in same work ns the furegoing. Piirliiiuiciitar.v LUiraij', Otlana. (lives a line, enu'raved and coloured, the sumo as that on Mit-jbell's Nbip of 17.').', horninbcforo mentioned, bt stopping with the niap a little east of Rainy Lake, and without inscription. (115) 17")0. — "C.irte des Possessions Fran(;oises et Angloises en Canada.. li Paris, clicz le Sr Long- champs, (ieograplie, 17.')0." N„te.on SO Now York Slate Lit vary. A line cornspoieiiug to that on Do I'lsle's mnps already mentioned (od. 1722), runs from the northern limit of the niup (in lat. .')2°), east of Hml.son's Bay, to a point south of Albany, where it is stopped by the title. Tho name "CiuiiidM," on the face of the map, applies westward to the furtlii st limit — a little oast of Rainy Like. (116) 17.5G (about)—" Carte Nouvello dTAmeritpie Angloise. .Amsterdam, Mortier." Now York State Library. The name "Canada ou Nouvello Frnnre," on the face of tho map, applies to the country west- ward to the sources of tho Mississijipi. Forts Nemiscau and St. Oermain, and tho Fort on the north shore of Lake Nepigon, are marked. (117) 17.')r)) (about).—" Partie Orientale do la Nouvelle France ou du Canada, .par Math. Seutter, Geo- graphe dc S. M. Imper. D'Atigsbourgh." New York .'terdam cbez la Veuve de Jo.selin (?) etfils. Now Yiirk Stuto Lila-ary. The naiuo "Canada ou Nouvelle Franco" commences just south of Lac des Sioux, but applies to the country westward to the limit of the map near the Western Ocean, and it includes Hud.son's Bay. (Ill') 175C (about).— " Canada : ou partie do la Nouvello France Amsterdam chez Covens et Mortier." 80 New York State Library. Maim, 1632- 185' 40 Ontario Apromx. S.X-. IV. ilitcillantoin. Koti!» on M«|M, 1032 iwr. 113 An eiicmv..,! Ii„,. r„n„v^ tli,. I,,;,,),, „f i ,„ , ,• ^-;. ... a ,„.i.a ..,, ,,„., A,,, J ■; : ;;;:::'"' "t'^''^- """^ -^ '•- -i-. nt Lak. x.,.i- e.."tnm...l i„ ,l.is ..,,1,.,.,. n.v ,.,;.... .V,...,,,,,, "^t! ,;;; ^; ''"'Ji''' ,^'': V''^^''''''--'' '•'■'■'-•kH M. HawkM.s, l!ri.„.li..,..|.s An,„..:s .1„ i:„i ■ „ T ' '' '' -";'';••• '777. c.n\^^. ,„ ,77,, <'""3- n..v... "' ■"•'.^ 1- """.v,! at ,h,. sana- tin..., a.s ,1... uvo , Jti- •N''W V,,il> Sl«i,. r,il„..„.v • 10 Tl... „,.,,h..,.|y l.M.n.Ian li,„. „„ ,1,.. un.\n.\ „f Mit..,,,.,, ,-.. . , Ha... .i-M.,.l.s,„. ...,,.„,,. T,ai;..,-. -llCl'r 1 '"".''"'"" "''''-"--'<"' MiM...! ,|,.. la r'"'!'-' '■'"- "" ' ••„.,. .i,,„, ,,„, „., n,,^:; :; :::;;'^r"- -7' -•' -"i. -.i.is u,. •. '"'• tlu. ....St .,r ,1... .|,s,,,o.. v,.ll„„.. '""^ "'*' '" ♦'"• '""'"I- "f «'r it, is ,^,v..n ; an.l 'o4:'7^';^ ':::;.::;:::::i::u''';.r::-'" '""''• -< •-• ".....,... r., ,., a... lat ..^ ,o' „..„ ollHT^,., e - fn.,.. 11... n„r,l.,.n, li,..i, ,,•„., ,„,,,, ' .'^ ^'^^ '; '•■''""'•<••' v-liow tl.r,.u,,l. „t ; ...n tho -.St of .h...ii.stan,.,. 1,1... ,,. ,„ „„ ...,.,;... :, '■'";." r''-^-" '-^ ^"•^•^■"- "•"' f'"- ^i- 'I "'•: '"'-" ' '"• ^'> '. i^ «.-.. ... ,1 as ..;':, f '";;■ '■■ ^^i- '•-•-•'-. -..ti-west ;";'"•.•"- wlwa is con,....,i..,l ,,.',,..|„„„ ,,,^,.,.,„.,,. , " .';"'" - -M'i.n..-.l tl.a', ,1... 1,1,,.. colour •-'."n.s,...l,..K,.«lish;an,l,I... „...,; ^ ', ''* '''^ '-n.). ; tl,.. ,.,„,.v wl.at '•'''''•••'l'-^l'nttl...,,:|.....,,,i,,,,.''-,.,,^.,.,, ';••'•- "' '"•• ^^"-^ "^ ■^'^•, l...y.,„,| u.|,i,.I. „a,.l. -|V.i.au.t..iteopi.....a.....,..,,,,,;j;';:''^^^^^^^^^^^^^ |,i,.. a,,.. :_..,..,;; 30 A .lo.s,.s...,,„,se,.,,Visn„se,„.s,..,„..„,.,.;" „,.,, „. ,;,. .' ' '" ^ ^' "" '^ l'---..'n.i..„s .!„ M.M. Ioh h- _" nv..... witl. tl... AsH..,.iI..,i,.,. „,„, ,.i„, r "i^.'tvi „ ""• ^]'""^; ■' '-• H.M.,.. is also o„„,.,.,j„,. l-.t„... .,f Va,.c.u.vc„, i,s sl,..„.,.. ,1... lin ,. ■"7 "" ""; "-' "-t a,. isla„.i. i.. tl.' r.m .nwanis, i„ a ,!ott..,l li„„. i„„.....li,.t..Iv al vo vl. .""" """' "' ^''" •^"•'''* "' ««" J"«". i^ h M. .ie M..n.. „„ ...,,,..,s.„.Hn, til;: <.;!ii:::u: ;[;::;■- "I'l-- ^<' >- ti.at c....,..,..,, ..„,..::;;;:;: (.-M7C0.-..A...a,...Ca..a,l, Ul.. ....,.,.,., i.an. a.U,.o.yaee. l.ntHoO, TW. .o np, ftt Liiko N,>j)l. "iv iKuMi-on^teily imiiio ' ('iiliiulii ou ;l"i-. A Paris, par .'I'litioiijil niiiaiks ill' >li' Itiiiauiliuro ';-'<•■■ «.M 177" Mifrlicl ,1,. la 'iilli -this lino i.^ it is glueli ; ami lat. -jii" 10' n,„i J), till it touciies ll'l of ,'.()", iv|„„„ ... " 'Is; It iiiti'r.sccls 20 ly part of Liko '"x'l lit ; nil tho veil, mikI for tho Irix, soiitii-west '■ It is iiiMikeil the Miic colour '0 y«'li..\v what v.iHiid Kavi- ill HI. I which each ';,'iii:-"Jclai30 IIS 'If MM. icH siipposccs tiaiis s I'l'-tciitiuu.-i." I''<>rt ilij Sr. ilu II th.> last vol., ' I'l'itaiiiiiijUt". '•nr them, nre 40 '"I'tly iiii.nml itii tlic upper ssippi !ia8 itM ■«) <'<>iui('ct(\!, ^I'HkI, ill tlio ^aii .Iiiiin, i.s ' iii^'i'iiptioii, iclerrcil to •iv Thntnas 50 11!» JcH'crp," (i.()un.l wifl, .I..|r,Tys' "llistoiv nf tlic Imv,,,), DoiiiiiiinM-., in North an.l S.xith America. LjihIoii, 17''I>.") i'urlia lii'iitary lalirary, Otlnwn. Gives II pivtty accurate rcpros.'iitiiii.ni of ii|.. I:ils, a la Ville de Monleaux, 17i'»2." Ill i.ii'suni.in .1 llie (liitiiriu (i.ivcniiiioiil. ^0 Canada extends westward to the I'aeitio, an.l northwar.l to the tilth degree. Its southern boun.lary is shown by a liii.' eiij,'ravi.l an.l coloured, foll.iwiii.^ the s.mthern water.slicl of the tit. Lawrence .system, from the Ciilf wcstwar.l to a point due west of Fon.l du Lac, thence westerly aloiij; the northern waterslieil of the Mississippi [ineluding the Missouri] .system which in also hero shewn as theiiorlhi'rn b iiin.lary of Loiii-iana, to the south-easterly crner of " Mer ou Buy e do I'Ouest.' The .source ef the Mi-si.ssippi is .s..uth-west of Lake of the Wood.s, in about hmj,'. iU.j'^ and 101.45.1". The Missouri rises in a ran^'e of moimtaiiis, at alioiit l.in>,'. 112", ami hit. 44"'. Lao Michinipi i i ill marly the positi.m of L. Athaba.sca, wiiieh it seems intendeil to represent. Fort Alibitibis and .St, (icriiiain are niurke.l. The name 'Canada" commences at the nieiid. of Oj**. (125) 17G3 (about).— "Chart of tho Atl.inlic Ocean, with the Hrilish, French, and Spanish settlements gj) published by T. Je(!'ury.".," Nuw Vurk .State Library, Ontario Ari'K.siiix. S.M-. IV. Mi'crllnnfnut. '1 if Notes on .Mapa, VSaZ- lSu7. d m\ Ill: I!" 120 OXTARIO Al'i'K.vnix. Sec. IV. Miteilliincuut. Ndtci on Mai>B, lfi;i2- 18ir. III. ...Ill mi. ..,\ . ,\ii,ini..f iM.un.ljii.v. Ill,,, „„ I,, „ ,.,! ■ ;,,,,:.,. I , , , I-i... »oi,.li „t l,„ko Al,itii,i, ,lu„ r,i,- „„iif„„i,ii,„ „, ,li, 1 „, , :.,M , ' ■ "■■7;;' ■-"■'"•'■'b- l» a ji„,..u, ,..„.,„., .,,,.,.,,,,,,,,,.,,,,,,:,,,. r:';,::,;,;;,!',;,::: ,;;,r,j:tr,; u t,:;.:^;:,;;;;;: :^';!r;,:, :;■, :.i:::;':;;::c:;;;; ":.::^:;:~^^: r^ ": ; -^'r^" Tiio .„u,.„ „,■ ti.i., ,.iv„,. i, ., ,, ,„,i„, ,,„, ,1, „,-,,,^ „,:';-;:,:;i;';.'' "'"■ '■ " '■"■■»» »""--i.v. Ni;w Vork State Lil)rarv. d.B„s.y.in,7,i,,„i..„, ii y.n.....M a,:,i ,l::^tr^z:,^zr\1''■ Now Ydik .S(;ito Lil.nin . All i ii.,'raviMl line follow.^ the |))iiall- Lilimry, Oftaua. .' • 40 A line, on«:r,ivr.,l ami col^dnvd, nin.s fmin a nnint ..n.. f r 1 \f . ■ height ol- Ian,! ^In.t cus.si,,,, ,1.,. ,,.,., wat • .,?, ,, ,. ' w T'"' ""•^""■'^'' ''""« ""' III.. «„,tli. -:» v'"-"- "•■"'■■' ••■'■ ■'■• ' '»''i-' a.:.: : LT : p.,,.,u,.,i,.ti.,;^::r,:ni.,,i:::::::x:'3-;^:;:'i.;:-;r tl.o Mi.s8.s«ii.p, are in lat. 45r und lo,„r. loi ° The ii--.ri i - . ■ • ' ' "^^^ i 121 Iip wrstorly limit of tlio I'l lllclK-i' lliirdl-cii^tfliv tli.'it, " Davis iviri into ii catcil li\ th,; colouring sfs sdiith-wi'sti rly to ii > of I7,>-, alioiuly niun- iig tlio Ailiany liutween i>t slioif 111' S|i!ii |,al<,., wistwanl to tliu limit foloiir • I, Coliowin;,' tlio 10 •li it t'l Hows .southerly. Ii't's iiiirii(>, liiit clearly • of iiapcr witli the fol- llow." Till' ]i:\\K'V and "cell contiin|)orant'on3 , iiti.lway lictwoiii the irth- Westerly, cr ..ssiny 20 orth-wcstcrly, heyotid Oiit.si.lc this line— of the Missouri, south 'f the Kii^'lish colonies iiother en<;mve(I line, u of iii!i)(;i- |iasteil in 18, M8 proposed hy il. i-*»iy to he iieu(ral are U'ter iiM those of the 30 •■'|>-<. The southern the map in latituilo irtheily wnteiHhud of ■ , etc. South of this Missouri, I ohservntioiis made liihn Uoecpio, Topo- )uiv." 40 westerly, nlouf,' the loith shore of Lake ^, to the parallel of 111 the territories to )thcr en^'inved line It isn aiked "The niiilNNaiirs after tho tends on the .iOth ■t. The Houi'ce.s of JQ uii it the iiHcriptiou Sec. IV. Muecltaneitui, 10 20 "The head not yet discovered." Further north and west, a proportion of a river, corrcspon-iing ontabio with the Manton River already mentioned, is shewn, with the inscription ; " It is not yotdeteriuinod '^•'''•"""*- whetlior this is the source of the .Missouri or not." Tho French forts on tho lakes beyond Superior are represented as being in existence. (129) 1763 (about).— "A map of the liritish and French s6ttloinents in North America. J. Lodge, delin. et sculp." No author's or publi.^llM|•s naf e. It see us to have boon specially intended to show the claims of the English. In th- margin reference is iiiado to " The French encro!ichment.s." In ix>B80Mi(in of the Ontario lluvommvnt. An engraved line marked " liounds of Hudson's Bay by the Treaty of Utrecht" commence at a point north-east of L. Mistnssin, and runs westerly, exnctly a.s in Mitchells map of 17.i.-), to the terminal jroint of the like line on that mai), north of the Uke of the Woods ; it is contintied th.-nce westerly about a degree, leaving a space of nearly another ilegree ".letween its terminal point and the western limit of tlie mnp. This lino crosses a branch of the Moose as in MitelK^U's ; and from tliis point westward to near Nepigon river, "Thi' Northern Moiaitains or Ye Land's Ile.ght," are delinented as Ixsing considerably below the line. The name " New Fiance or Canafia," com- mences at ilainy llivor between Rainy Lake and I^ke of the W(iods ; it applies westward to tlie limit of tho map. Tho .sources of the .Mississippi are in nearly the prop(>r positicm with reference to Lake of the Woods. Forts Abitibis, Lullior and Lo Sueur are marked iw in existence. (130) 1703.— "A new map of North America from the latest discoveries, 1703." iv. possossiiiu of tlio Oiit'iriii Oivcmiiinnt. Has an engraved lino inarkwl " B.unds of Hudson's 1% iiy tlu; Treaty of Utrecht "♦forresponding exactly with that on the ppjcoding luap, but here extending to tho westerly limit of tlio map which is on the mimo meridian as the limit of the preceding. Tho sources of the Mis is-i|>pi, in relation to Lake of the Woods, are marked in nearly the proper |»o,silions. Forts Abitil3, revu^' par Dosnos en 1703. A Paiit. chea Note. 30 40 Desnos, Ing. Oeogra|)he. Now York State Lilinry. A line, engraved and coloured, commences at the south-easterly point of Labrador, and nins north-westerly and westerly to the Albany River, leaving Lake Mistnssin to tho north and closely skirting tho foot of James' Bay. West of the Bay is the name " Nouvolle Albion "—a name propiM-ly applicable to a tract of country on the PaciHe. (132) 1703.— "A new map of North America 1703. J. Spilsburg, sculpt." Niiw York Statu Liliniry. Tho western limit of tlio map is a little west of the Lake of tlie Wooils. A lino, engraved and coloured, and marked " Bounds tif Hudson's Buy by tho Treaty of Utrecht," commences at the point in the western limit whore tho lino on Mitchell's map of 1755 (henunbefiu-o mentioned), protluced westerly, would end, and runs thence eastt'ily, and in about the same position as that on Mitchell's, to the eastern limit of the map, beyond Mistassin The name " Now France, or Canada," commences just east of the Lake of the W.kmIs, but refers to the country westward to the limit of tho map: tho southern Itoundary. west of Lake SuiHirior, being tfie panUlel of 48", is here marked " Tho north bounds of New Kngland by Charter." (133) 1703 (alwut).— "A New map of North America, showing tho advantages obtained therein to Kugland by tho Peace." Nuw York Stftto Library; Ha*- a lino corresponding to that on Mitchell's mnp of 1755 (her ■iubefore mentioned), as far west OS the terminal piiint of that line, and running thence south-westerly to the western limit of tho map, in alnnit long. 103'~ and Int. •*'.)' 1'2'. The name " Cmada," on tho face of the iiia|i applies westward to the same limit. Tho sources of the Mis.sissippi aro in aUiut their true position. Ijake of th^ \^ Js Lou no feedern. 1^ MaiM, 10S3- 1857 Ii &i 182 • 'NTARfO Al'PKNl.lH. Sf. IV. Hitu'lanmut. Notf* 1)11 MaiM, \6at imr. Now VorkSUilo Lil>niry. An enpravtMi li„,. „„», k..,l ■■ no.m.ls of Hmlsonn Bay by the Trmtv .,f f troche "• r,.na f .1 e««teni limit of t i.. ihhd ensi of IjiW,, m; .„ • I ■ ■ tri.iiry oi itrocht, • nina from tlui .1,. M„,„„ „„ .,,, „„;, '^i;" 11 1 i"rr!!k' 7 -' T ""■ '"■''•''" "' '•"■' <'"■' ™i"K SuC s„;:;t '" '"- '•"'^' -' "- "•■•-^- ""-'« "^™'-'^- ^^ «;-«h 'r1 '; :., 'I;:;":::: (13-,) 17(!,'| (ftlK,„t),_." North Amnrica. from th.' French of Mr IVAnv.iii • ... " ti..-.,o,. ,«„ I ft,;,., ,i,i, „„i„. LH tV , .'u , " ■ ^ ' '■""" """"' "' '-"I"' >''TiK»"."i'i ^ *«ii.""'f^r,;;;,iM ,u";'; ::r:2^ ia cut short .; TZZ ^I^'IZ Z^ "m m" '''•" ^" ^'" P"'"^" '" ''''• ^"^ ' -"^-^ '^ lK.un.lary. "'P' ^'^'" "'" M.Hs.ssippi ea.twar.l. tho Ohio form, the 2.. R...k,v M„„,„„i„!. ,„:; ^I^ ' '" '" ■'•*"' °' "» •■'»'"■'« |.S«,k.tcl,„w.„] H, in ..,. '"".'J,:,',,-"' • '"""'^'- "■■'«■" Vu„«„,„„,o.„.0,.l.,l„ R.i....,77.,,VP.H«»„.. rnrlmn:«iitnr}' Lilinir}-, rHtnwn .hi.s lino in the name - N%h X^tZ^^^^^^^^ ■ '" T' "' "" 'T^ 'f """ ^'''-''i"- ^Vithin ...r-nntniim; i„ which other riv r/t ,! T '^I'-'-^TP' «ncl Po,skoy«,. rise in a chain of P-koyac are two lar^JS ZZ w^ "!::«" ,"'""'" ""' '"'"'"''^ ^"••"' "^ """ montionoH. to «.pre,ent Uk. Atlm W '"' ""'"•" '"**"*'«''■ "" '^^''^'i"'-'""' in Aineri.. . • .i^^i^.o;.' ^stltn. .^.^.::rrk;;t v^^^ inr- "'"'^^ "' ^"^ "^'^'"" ^-'^"'- Ottawa, nionttnno,! to Mr. Mill • Report. " •♦" The MiMiwippi m clourwl from its confluence with the !li;„ i. * »t. •tops, incomplete, nouth-we^t of LaU« of t U 7 . « "" *" **"' P^'"* *'"'''o it w^t of it i'nan.e.i LmiTL north lib'. 'V'"'?' '^' ' ""'' '"'■ *'i"- ^H to the boundary a line, engrave.! am tlioun^ c?l^^f "! " " "''""'*'''•■" '^'^^'"« f'^'" «"'t'-"' the height of land L I^i„r L Z b ""^ .'"''"'"'"'' "' ^^' **'"'^»-'"- *"'' ^^''-^^inp Nepi.ol whence it rr^'ut -w 2 ; ^^ ^'r"'' *" " ^'"'' "-^'' "' ^""'' and marked, Part., '^r.Al..n-.r..i'"'''^^^^^^^ ^f ^'^ "'i« Point, all i, blank ^'VJI^l.^^TlTf' "' ''^ ^'"''' ^""'-'- "' Amcric„,.co,r,pii., f,o„, f>'A«villeW mar- of that .-.o N»-»r York St«t4. LibnuT. af(|iiiHitiuii« jjained by .'trecht,"* runs from llio t of liitxl (but crasaing rly ami Noiith-westerly IV litt!.> Ik(1«.\v tho JOth iiy Lukf. A .sinni! livtT Riiiiiy iin.l Umfi Tjikes ruvoil with t\w Kngliah 10 Mi,stn.s.sin. and follows thonct," wi'stcrly, par. ' v I of Liiki! Nfpii,'()ii,an their sources. The innda. North of the ridod, im hercinU'foro • the Treaty in 17fl:{. tho Briti«h Dominion 40 the point where it It. 47J". All to the having for no! thorn Uxmrn, and fo'lowing witit north of f^ko * point, all i.^ blank 1 |ieit«in to Oana64'. The height of lan.l we.st of Uke Superior, and also that from Nipigon to Sjilit Lake, are nmrked. The map e.xtendN to the rueitic. (141) 1773.— " Partio de I'Ani.'rifpio Soptentrionale, (|ui coniprend le Canada, la LouiNiaiie .&e projetteo ft assuji-ttie par .Mr Bonne. \ I'aii.s chex lMtn<, rue St. Jacpie-s, a la Vide de Bordeaux. Avee |>riv. du Roy, I77.S." 10 III iHnwuuioii si.ssii.pi is in nearly the right position with reference to the Luke of tho Woods ; it is marked. "Sources du Mississippi." The waU-rs of the Ciiurchill and .Nelson Rivers flow, from the point where they are respectively inler- secUd by the northerly lint, on the ouo hand to llmlson's Bay and on the other to Lac l'..)urb(m. (142) 1774.— "A map of the British Empire in North America. By Sai«'Uel Dunn, mathematician, London : 10th January, 1774." I'arluuiii'iitary l..iiFary, Otiuwa. The name " Canatia " commences east of Rainy Lake, It applies westward to the limit of the map, iK'yond Lakes Winidpeg and Manitoba. The height of land, marked ' TIk^ Laud's Height" is shewn as running to Split Lake. In the margin is 'he memo :— " The Hudson's Bay Company's no Territories, comprehending New South Wales. New North Wales, Prince William's Land, with the Arctic l^nds. down to the l.,»)n(lon c. ls.'.7. t>NTAHIO ApfKNriix. .Sw. IV. iluMllanivut, Niitea un Maiw, 1032- ISii. «. f out in the Act of 1774 k l„rr.l ! f '^[,^".'''«»'-':. ^««tward to the Mis^isnippi, in that Mi,«i».,i,,,,i. "'"'•' ''"" """' 'f»"'the«„„/lu„„„.,t lh.01,io Md ••nLn-ttved bv tho lata Tl.nn,.« r «• *. '• '^"t''*vtr. (i^roin 1 ho American Atias Bennett. 1776 'J " '''•■'^"^'' "^""^"^P'"^ ^" ^'>" ^^-^ [»"t .s continued thence went. 30 TheMi..si.s.sippinnHZn hort^.^^^^^^^^ Comn.isHarie.s after the T.eaty of Utrecht.- ward it is i j.L.d uy ^ :.^:ir ^z^ ^'''^n :^^f ^f ^ ^ '7- ^'- '^^« --H- Kn-ii8h p().sse.s,si(m.s ; it forms in it. „. . . , . between Louisiana and the th of Sl.d Lake no weZi „ i T' 'T A" ^""^''-"-^-" '-'"'-y of " CWJa;" but are correctly laid dowi't t to .^h Th '"' "'""f7 . "^''^ '"''^^'^^'PP' ""'^ ^'^ ^iLouri head i. „nkL.n." The oM 'Sri n^; :';;«;::: ii rer"'"' ^'^^'^ ''^ "*'"° -^ -^"^ •■ *•»'- n..d the we.stern-li,nit of themranlol Hi "P*^;- '':-"-'"•■ '"^^rvenc, .K-twee,, Ked River 40 continued ; and the colo« i . Z o Z. ''"T '^ ''*'""''«'-y '""« "^ th« ^'Uh parallel is not north-west of Red LakT ongravinK) of the Mi«,iasippi line oxtcudsa little to the J. n , . „. , '•ranco 01 Canada commences ,n long. 92^ w..,t of Greenwich. _^0n on W s^/...^ ,,^0^ -tod. ( App. K). that on a eorlain map the^in mentioned. for «.y m.., .,,„.„.« .«„,, . ^n., but u.mllco. Lur M^«"*'W". Ho,„cK ha, h„on made, hor« nad nbro.d. I ! SecreUry of State, at therein laentioned, 125 of thoHe authors, the boundary line (if HudHon'M Hay is continueil from t)iu point wiiere the -tUlh Omtauio Appkndix parallel intcrsi'i'tM tlio Iicd River, down tliiit liver to Ijiilto Winnipi-;,'. Tliis iicconls in utfcct with — certain niaiw wlierein the soutliurn lK)undftry tfrniinatti.n at .>r near tliu Hivor Winniputf, and w „^; earned to and luong the. eastern shore ot tlio liike. — (liO) l77o. — "North America from the Kremli of Mr. D'Anvillo. Lorn Ion ; Sayer Ai Beiinet, 1775." On it is the memo : — "The boundaries of the Pruv'ineL'», Hince the contpieiit of (.'iinada, are laid down HH .settled by the Kinj^ in Council." Nuw York Stiktc Liliriiry. " Canada " extends woNtwanl to the limit of the uuip, nddway between Kainy Lake and Like of 10 the Woods. The name commences on the westerly shore of hake Su|)erior. The heij^bt of liinrl, marked, "The Land's Hei^^ht," is laid down from the liutit of the nm|i, in the direction of Split Lake, to a |>oint north-east of Lake Nepi^on. So fa . it is oidy a mnge of mountains. Tlunce, easterly to a i)oint l)eyond Mi>tassin it is doubly coloured; and from thence it proceeds — also coloured — to the limit of the map, iu the direction of Dnvis' Inlet. A division of the waters is marked, thouji^h not correctly, lietwuen Jiainy Lake and Lake Superior. The sonlhern homidary is carried from the Hay of Chaleurs westward to the Ohio, and aloiij^ the Ohio to its (;onlluence with the Mississippi ; und thence the boundary line runs northward alouj.; that river to the limit of the map in latitude 4o'. (151) 177G. — " North America" (from " .leff'erys' American Atlas, or a j^o^'raphical description of the SO whole continent of America, and chiefly the British colonies, composed from numerous surveys which were made by order of the (iovernment engraved by Thomas JeflVrys, Lomlou, 177()-H.") Shews the iirst Province of Quebec; "Canada" has no limits on the north or west; the Mississippi lM)unds it on the south-west. Parliainuiitary Librtiry. Ottawa. (162) 177G. — " A general Maj) of the middle British Colonies in America., also of the l>orderinj» parts ^otcon of the Province of QuelniC, ajul corrected from Oov. Pownall's late Map, 1770. .London : Sayer ii J'jl*' "*'''^" Bennett, 1770..." Now York State Li'irurj'. In the corner is giveji " A sketch of the upper parts of Canada," which shows the Mississippi, to 80 about the St. Croix river, as included in that Province. (153) 1776.— "A Map of the Province of New York, by order of His E.Kcellonoy, William Tryon, Esquire, Captnin-Oeneral and Governor of the same, by Claude Joseph Sauthier. .Engraved by Faden, 8UCces.sor to the late Mr. Thomas Jetierys. 1770." Now York State Library. The portion of Canada which is slicwn, extending westward to abo . *• of UudHons B,.y by the Treaty of Utn^hL" i«d 10 60 AQrn. 3 l'AngIoia....A Paris: rlior edition, 175B. See bo original materials of iUmoH." "J.Lodge 'trecht," and CQ>n, 127 nioncinj,' iit a point nortli-ea.st of Mi.stiiKHin, ponfoinis oxnctly to the line on Mitthell'M Map of Ontario 17S5, as far went a.s tlio trt (iistiincf bovoml Lako of tlie Woods. It crossfH the niiddlu branch of ^^- '^■ the MooTO. .W.«T_^.»»«. (163) 1778.—" A new Map of North America, from the latest diHCoveries, 177H. Engraved for (Jarver'H TravoU." LugiRlutivu A«gcmbly Lilinoy. Tumnti). An en;,'raved lino marked " I'ropo.sed liniiits of Hud.son's Buy," rnns from tho position of Capo Perdrix, on a atrai;,dit conrHo Houth-west to th(.' northeast nhore of Like iMistas.sin. ThiH wim tlio 10 lino pr. , • "d by till! HndKon's Iky ("ompany in 1712. Another on^'raved lino eomuienccH at a point noiiii-eaHt of this lake, and run.s thence wo.stirly, and to the north of what are ihere caliecl the Northern Mountains, and north of the true position of the height of laml, t) a jxnnt north of I^ake Nepigon From the last mentioned point, the line runs we.sterly, corresponding exactly with that on Mitchell's map of 17.>.'), and tcrnunating at the same point, north of the Lako of the Woods, as the line on that map. The sources of tho Mississippi in reference to the Lake of the Wood.s, are near their true position. The water communications between this Lake and Hudson's Bay are shown with some approach to corrcctne.ss. The map extends to the Pacitic ; an inland sea — " Western Sea," — being indicated in the .same position as on the maps of L)e I'llse and Buachc. No linuts are assigned to "('ana la" on the west,^ nor is the boundary between it and 20 Ixjuisiana shewn. Forts Oliarli s, Maurepas nml Bourdon are marked. (164) 1778. — "A Plan of Captidn Carver's Travels in the interi(»r parts of North America, in 17(50 and 1767," (in same woik). Lsgitlntivt) AMuiiilily Library, Turuiito. The sources of the Mississippi are placed in almost their true position, and due south of L. of Notmnn the Woods. The division of the wati-i-s between I^akes Superior ani1, New Havi-n. Library, London, EnKlnnd. The -outho, n f-^'^Hlary of Hudaon'. Bay. ext-mls, by a woll-markod ml Iin., north of Uko of the \\ .KK s and north of Lako Tomim'nn.inR, and dot-^ not follow the wator.she.1. Tho Ohio River and 20 tho M..ss.H«pp,. as far an it n.na north. aroKivmiu, th. Houthem an.l w«.t«.'n boun.larhv, roHp^H^tively ofthe i'rovineo of l^uelKJC. ^^"^V^r"" ^TlyL^"**?' ?^ ^"'^^ ^'"*-"-'^'*' ^'^'' "•« ""^i"'' *•"' S|.anish Territ..ry, according to theTreaty of 1784. publi«he«j nHS." ** Lihrioy, l/(iii(]iiii, Ktiglnnd. Shews tho MiasiHsippi an tho Iwun.lary of "Canada." w. .twanl of Uko of tho W the head of the C..„ne.>.. .1 River ; all north of it. inclu.lin^ Jamea' Bay. to th.. lin.it ..f th« map. in 30 ll;:, ^""'"'* , . ■•"'" **: •'•« """^''-"•'^^ "f L-"' ''"^ «"'" '« «'"— tho hea.1 of the MisHinaippi '^ vn h tho m..»u.: .^...^..pp, tant ,a aource, eat encor.. inconnu." From tho woaU-rly termination oPthe .nU.,matim,*l li«.;H.j.ry, alroa.ly mentiono.1. a c.,lou,,.,| and onKnoo.! line ia drawn to thia Zwll TT "ln\ ^""'""''f-r' '^ thenc. continu«.l d..wn tho river to the Illinoi.. thence watwanl to tho AII..„ha.„o.s. an-l thenco northwar.l to tho international bonn.lary lino in Uke ^"0 9trT782 " "''"""'^ ""''"^'' ''^ "'"" ""*" '" "•" """"^ ■■ " ^""^ '"^ '^**^ ""'- (173) 178(i.— "Ainoricn. Mappa Ooneralia . . n.immanianinis Horodibus, 17M0." New York HUto Lilirary. Ha. a lino co, roap .ndinj. with that on I)e rialo'a map ; it ia cloaer. howover. to tho Bay than i. 40 n,. " -;r u ' T" '""'*'' '• ^'"'* '"™"''" " """'"•-""'••" ^^"'^ "f ^ Aaainipouals [ Wi„ni,>o«]. Inl iL'I'TTm '^■"'^»"^*''^'" O^i'lenUl. in tho Atlaa Encyclop^di,,uo . . par M. Bonne In/, "y'« «'« '; M^nne. -t par M. lJeamro«t. ,lo lAca^l^mio Royale dea SdencL. A Faria. 1787": »^ew lurk BtAto Library. • •• Tho namo " ('ana.la " commoncoa juat oaat of Uko Winnipeg. That country h.ia no limit on the M7, ;'l" . . ' •" '"■''"^■' •" '' ^^"^'''^*' "^''"'- '"^'-^ '" ''''" *^'- ^»"- *»'« -"- f'-turl) (175; l7fK).--A part..M.ar map of tho American Ukea, Kiver., etc.. par le Sr. D'Anville I^ndon- Drawn and o.igrav..l f,.r .lohn Harriaon. 17fM)." i»nuon . Utgishtive AiMinhly {.jbrary. Tonmt... A dott«l lin« without inacription. follows th.- wnterahml, fmm n point »nuth.e.H.t of I. MUi^-in, "^ ^IdM ^■'4 -'^r |5f m Sea: tf' n»mi' oom- a line, (■nKmveal)ln to Tn«iity of IJtrucht. nnrtliof Lake of the The (Miio Rivor and 20 indiirioH reHp, in aliout latitude iu" 40.' -i|. 1 I • •I' ( '.tiiii.iii, " iiuiiiid ill uiirk " Viiyiij.;t.'s iind Trnveli* of ,' . I.'ifl >n. IV :'l. ' ii' l<:ik'' S niiM-iiir, nil i inrliidcsflii' I'jipi''' Mi-">i-Hi]>|ii. the uneli , iiiii .iri'lin,' Jiiiii •>■ Hay, from the Allumy I'f ill'* Hiid.HimH Hay ('(>ui|Mny." I'Aiivillv Di.swii atid ■ n;»r.ivtd I'V J. Iliirrixin. . I dotted lini*, nini'l;'> II ntl'Mirs d. ^ n ruim ■ itli<-r limit Is sliDwri t ' ('nnnila" on tlm iicuih, nur I liii • riirm fi'.Mii hik' Sii|>.'iiir wr^ii-rly n\<>iyji the 'iiii- w'lii'ii niii t'l t1ii> north of, and ulitinsi paritlii-l withi I Mint north of the wnstcrnnioit point of tlii* Likt- of iho . j.i. .i-ot t!u" sotitlinrn l)omid,iry of t'airida in tlmt i|tiaifor- lltll Ol till' L'lko of (III! W'.liwls. il;iily ili>tin4uiT«hod tho Hrititli Dominions. tlu> Tnited Tlioiins Kiti'lii-n, llyilr"„'raphi.'r to His .\liiji sty. :!n 40 I 'nnada mi Noiivt lie Krani" ' Ims I7f.i I7'»l. ■• Sk.'trh of I ho W.'Mlrrn <'.■ an liidi.iti Ini- i'|ii. iiT ikii'l Tr.i li'i' I I, I-! ,in.- \,.„ ,,il,l, I. ■ .1 Tlu- ii |i i'. I'loin 'ho aoiith-rast roni.r of Liki- Mi iioi ili-i'.'i^tt'r'y a 'li-'tanci' of soniir 7 orH ; u has it M\y lioiind-> <>ii thi» wv^' \ >l mr Kuiiiani.itii|niii uiot nami'd, ani or north. flTJ'j I71'''.- " Map e.\hiliitiiij< all the ih'W discoverios in thi' inii rit)r |iarts of North Anieiica, iii^icrihed bv permiiiioii to the Honouralile (l.vi'rnor and t'Miiipany of Adv iitiiri'is trading,' into lliidsoii'M Hay, ill l<->iiiMoiiv of ihc'i- lilii'cal ioiiiiniiiiir,',iiiiM>, by .\. Ai lowsmitli. London. 17lh'i, eorieeted to 1«(")J" Lihiaiy, I^iMiliiii, Ka'.;iaii'i;,'hl of Land bi'iii^' marked as HupiTt's I^iil. in no other of Arrowsmilh's maps is nhy bound. iry line indiratcd as between t'anada and Hudson's Bay. In an ad>lition of Arrowsiiiith's saiil map of I7!».'>, and .so dated, but published in l(;.>0, the words " I'pper Canada ' had been re-en.rraved alotij,' the Nhoies of Lake Superior, in.stoad of k-iiif,', as in the original, partly altove the lbi;,dit of Laiel, (ISO) 17!«S "A mw map of rpperand Lower Cana'ia, 17!'^" (,ln w..ik "Travels ihroiiudi tle« States of N.irth Ameiiea, and tlif I'rovinees of U|.p,'r and Lower Canada during the yeai-s, 17H5, 17!Hi and 17!*7, by Isaac Welti, junior. . London... I71i'.>.") L4'((ii(l«tivo .VHnt'iiilily Lilinii')', T'ni'iiio. The map e.xteiids westward and inc'ades part of Lake \S iiinipe;,'. The name " L'pper Canada" 17 OWTAMO. APCKXIItt, .S*C IV. Noll'Xiltl .MaiM, Wn tW>7. f# 91 ■ n».mmiM:m,'mmm8-t MICROCOPY RESOIUTION TEST CHART (ANSI and ISO TEST CHART No. 2) 1.0 I.I 1.25 1^ IIM •' ilia It 1 3-6 if 1^ 1.4 IIIIM II 2.2 2.0 1.6 A /APPLIED ItvMGE Inc S— _ '6'j.i Lost Moiri Street S".^ f'ochester. N«w Yotk 14609 USA "•^ 1, '' ' 6) 482 - 0300 - Phone i^ I ' Jl ? (i I- iJ OXTAFIIO Al'I'KNDIX. Stc IV. 'njrliul'ouuiiuld'.s Travels (Eii<{. ed.) this limit, Notes on iM.ips, 1032- 1857. 130 coiniiiences nnrHi .,f Ukv of il„. Wi.rnls ; no limits arc assiguud to that Province on tlic west or on the noitli. (181) 17!-t!).— Map.piihli-hed !.y Phillips, London, 17.')!t, in La Ntnv \in\i Stale Lilii'ary. " Upper ('anada" ext.'iuls to the western limit of the map, in longitiid.o 0.5'. From ,, in about latitude .-. I , a line (which, produced, would prohaliiy have gone toward .Split Lake) runs easterly, .snl„tantially rollowin- the height of land to a p.dut near Lake Mistassin, thence north- erly, on a winding course, to and a little lieyond the River Rupert. (1S2) 1802.—" Northern Hemisphere. London : Faden, CleographiM- to the King and to the Piince of \\ ale-;. iSOl'." Now Yoilv State Library. Alin.\engrave.landcoloured, commences north of Lake Mistassin, near the ,Slude River and runs tlienee easterly and southerly to the height of land, which it toUows to a point north of Lake IS.-pigon, whence It passes westerly and then north-we.sterly, to a river which runs into Lake \Vninipeglrom the north-east. The international boundary is run some little distance west of the L,ake ot the Woods, aneini' .like of tiie Woods, ts are assigned to 40 h of the height of 10 inter provincial ts source in Turtle 7, by John Arrow- ugust, 18.57." idson's Bay Com- e coloured green; 50 I ' i RIO. nil. 10 the otlier P.riti -h territories pink ; and tlioM' nf R.jssia yillow." Tlii- i^ another of the maps sent ost.vr bv the Hudson's l!av ('omimnv to ihe Uomiiiioii (,lovrni..ient foi ihc pnrpusMS of ,' present arbi- ■" _i / ,. ' • ' • s,.... IV. ^'■'itwn. .„,...,//„„.„„., It shew.s the Company's claim at tliat date, ill re-pect of limit-;, t., luw- b.^n to all the lands ^^^---- north of the intrrnational lioundary line, whose waters How, diPTily nr iiidiic.'lly, tollud-nns l!ay 'y\',^,^^ lor- or Straits, nr into tin' bays an. 1 ehuini.'ls which aiv rqijuMaehabie througli tlie-c on tie" n.irtli ; th.'re ^■''•"■ is but one exception, vi,-;.: east of Lakr Xejug-.n, wlu're th.' \vat.'r-< of, or t.Mbe s.nii.iMif, L'mg Lak(^ are cut by the line of boundary. ( )n the Labrador e.)i).-,t ihf lin.' du's U'lt appMaeb ('ajie Fcr.lrix.Cirimingtdn'.s Islaml, Davis' Inlvt m- any olbrr p..int whii'b in th.-last century was clannd as its terminal ]ioiii' by the Cnnpany m- by Knglish Geograpbcis. It runs fi-.im Cape ( 'hudl.'i-h (the entrance jioint of lIudM.n's Strait-) southerly to and along the watci-l;.' 1. The porti.m of the northern watershed of the Mi.ssouri wlii.'h is lunih cf the bitei'national boundary, is not claimed tit belong to the Company. [A map published by the Company in 1S,J(), f>.r the information of Parliament, almost agrees with that < f 18.37.] RIGHTS OF POSTLIMINY. The l»rKi of Yoltlv's P.NTKNT nv TllK I AN RS .VND RlVr!!- TltdM tllK \Vi:sT Sllii: (,K TlIK CoNNKi •TICfT HivKR TO TllK E.\sr SiDK OK J)ki,.\\v.\i;k I!.\v, kic, \-l\n Mmhik liiiib i5v the Treatv of Westminster the Fnited Provin-es r.'iiii.iuisli.Ml tie ir con^,|e.,.,r oi New Nether- ,;,-;;'>:' liy tne ireatv or \xsuinnsie, me i uuc a iw,ui-es r.'li!ii|Uisiie,i tie ir con^pii'^t oi ■20 land to the kin<- of Englan.l. The S..veivi-n Dutch States-Ceueral ha.l Irealc 1 directly with Cnarles, as Sovereign. A question at once aro.e at Whitehall about the >uburdinate interest of the D.ike^of York. It"was claimed bv some that James's foianer American ])ropriet.;rsliip v. as i, vive.l Yet ^ ^ while the Treatv of We.stmiuster re-esiablishcl the artlcl.-s of capitulaii.^n agre,..| t,. by Nicolls and ;';;;-; Stnyvesant.wliJrepn.sente.l then' Sovereigns in 10(i4. it ,ii.l n.t cure the iniperfeetions sul.pvt t,. ^^Ij-^^^J which the Duke had for nme vears governed his American Pr.,viu,'e. .I,,mes's patent had been s,.al..,l while the Dutch were in quiet pos.session of New Netherlau.l. au.l n.. n.'W grant wa ■ maue t.. him after the Treatv of Breda, which cenlirmed to the ivngli.sh Hng his c.mquestof the Dutch Pr..vnu.e. Kmnicnt lawyers "'vervjustlv-piestioned-tiie Duke's pretensinn to the tenilory which Fnglau.l had recently reco'vered because its cession to her sovereign by the Dutch ( Jovernmeut 'Hiad given u., strength to 30 original delects." James was now obliged to give up the clabn -f i nglid, right winch he and his hroU.erhaa formerlv maintained. Moreover, the Duke wi-he.l U, regain N.'W Jer.sey wluch he had foolishly s.mandered" on P.crkeley ami Carteret. Besid,.s, the boun.laiy agiveuwrnt with (_ am....-t.._a.t which had been ratiticl bv the t 'n.wn or by himself, was a s,»e point. Tin. ,>imu„n ot counsel having been taken thev advised that the Duke's proprieb^rship luul heen extinguished by the Dutch comptest, and that the king was alone seized of New Nelherland, by virU.e <,f the Treaty of W estmiuster. Ihe Jus PoHUlmuili did not obtain in New York. Y new patent to the Duke of Y.ak was therefore sealed [on the -Jl.th June, l(i7H. l^V it the Ki„g a.rain conveyed to his brother th..territorh.s he had held before, and grat.ted him anew the absolute p^wer of government he had formerly enjoyed over British subjects, with the hke ad.l.t.„ua authority 40 ver " any other per.son or persons " inhabiting his province. Un.ler the same descr.ptmn o boundaries New. Jetiy, an.! all the lerritory west of the Connecticut River, t.,gether with long Island an.l the ndiacent is uuls, and the region of Pemaquid, were again inclmle.l in the gniut. he new pat^uit ,h,l :j1, as has been co,nnionly,l.ut erroneously stated, ■' recite an.l .nnriu the iormer. t did lu^. tn any way allude to that instrument. It rea.l as if no previous paten had over existed. ' ; ;■ ^^^ gnmt. in almost the same terms with the first, and it conveyed to the '''f '■ ''■^'■"•^•' ■>'/'' f^j".^^ time, a territory which the Dutch Government, after c.iquenng and hol.hng. ha.l by tieaty " restored to His Majesty." * * * ,. • rx^ t One o^- the motives to the Duke of York's second patent was the peculiar cnditn-n of ^;;^Y,"'7" James considered that liis former release of that reeion to Berkeley ami t arteret was aniiulK^ by he ,. , ,. , ,, .1,., Kin.r b'v! been '-ot both his L'ranlees were old 50 Dutch cjnqjest— just as his own gram iiom the King i..m 01 .n. - .. 1.12 -J. I}, ^^. separate ,i,^UMex. an,] eventually Ihey I,,.,., tl,. Dnkc' '' ^'"'^' l^'''^'^"' ''"-"''' »^^" •S-e. IV. Mifvithinnnt Hiirlitsiif I'listlimiiiv. Hllkcof v., Ik's ratcnt, iL'tli March, li;(14. [The J)nke of \o\h, ,,ii ili,. •>!i|l, .|,,k. 11;-^ ,,,., i westuar,! of f.,.n^ Jslan,! an,l M.nl.a.l s is ■ m l' i ," '"■;^' /''"""f"'- '" «i'' <'-'■ CarLTet, of the land '""""-• - ''- -St in a straight li "i .% : "^ "^ 't'\ T'' ''''-' '''^'"'■'^'^^' ^^^ ware Itiv,.,., an>i iV.an thenee no the .ai, I 1 u i • " ' T''' '"""' ^''''''^-'''^"^ '^iH, in Dela J"tit.Me 4r 4(/, an,l .l.nee i„ ,,■ i^ ' w, m"'": 'i ''" "- "— ^ ' --'> thereof whiel, is in of tlu.])nketoSir(^,,,,'aHe. t • ; ; '^'"^ T"' '" " '"' ''"i'""'- ''''- —I ..ant i- >nnch the san.e posi.i.a, tlwa ,i 1^ )n h ' '"'"" " -"-'■"""■"^' '"'^ ^i-' <-or,e , '.,o,vt stood -con, patent : tl,e country not l.ein. in i^os;,..!.,, j h,,.!' ^ TZ "'"""'' '" ^""'"" ^ ..ne the (l.t patent was Ranted, no. hini ... eo ve Id "^ ' 7r""'" f ^''^"'^'^' ^'^ "'^ became necossarv,] •' ' .^ '^"""' "i""» tln'' yound a seeond patent toth'S,r:f';;;,:;tt;t^::;;;;:.r^^^ Yo..l< the s,nad,.on pn^eede, t ,. /ur'nV' '"" '''/'"-''• '''^^'- '-'--^ >^-^ tl.osana.y,.avtheTlnkeeonvevedtl,at oZ^hi^^ M^^^^^ I" Rivers to l.,nl IWkelev and ,w\Ti,VTrr''"'^ twopn,pri..t„rsfonn,.da;...,Mi,nti.nl ],e. : '• ^'■'"\"'" ^■''"^'' ^^^^ ^'-y The t^' =^>' A t... y.ars al-..; ;,, , ' r:h;:T'f ' '■'■'^•''^^'r""' ''•-•'>■"*■ ---nee 20 anee fron. the Dnke, refn.., ,o p.y .^.l, „ hL ; ^ ''' ^'''^ ;:'^'!r/'--:- ^-''': -vey- f'^;- ^""1 1'l— --!«l-^nvemn.ontand ehose a J v a;''''!'! r ;'" """'■'■^'^""" ^«'»^ ^n,^•land and ohtaine,! fron, th,. propri,,.,,. sueh fa vn, " "'T ^'"'''''''' ''''''""^ *" 1-"1''" an,i in.lueed tl>en, a.ain t,! snLdt to his aulhl; •;,: '^"'""^""" ""' '""""^^^ ^^ '1"'^'*^'' *'- Lord herkelev disnoseci of Ills iin.oi.i'tv. .■;,!* i " • •! ''-"H. i,..in. envelop, i in del e ' , 't V J" 'V T '" ''" ^"'■'*«'^- '^' '^''--1 J^illinyo ; the trustee, and Sir Geo. Carteret n.ade ^^.H l^. ' ^'frU i' ui'TV-"' 'l'" ''""'''- ^" "^^•'' eastern porti,.n. tuiito.^, they taknig the western aial he tlie ;iO ^\est .Jersey was then divided into one lnni,!n.,l ^li„,. i ■ i P'-'--s end,ra,e,l to the eonntrv. a ,^11 " ■. r x 'u V"'" '^''^'^''''' "''' ^"'"^ '" in^ the powers of .ov,.rnnK.nt as w. 1 as Z , 1 SZT'T T''^'" '■' ^"^""""""• enco,n.a,en.ent of end.rants, they .enre,! for U,,:,; I::^ "^Z^T ^ """"""""' was then ,rante,l to the J)nke, inelndi , the s ^ ^ . ' " ^ ^ ' T'"' ^ '" -'"'^^ Aaulros who had been appointed the sol,. Uov.r in • , ' i'"''"'"'' *" ^'''^^ ^'' ^^'l'-"'! insist., u.. the con,jjt by the i.nteh ^n:::^:^::;^:::^-^^^^^^^^^^ - ^"^ ^^-^^. to aeL;;:;:e ,nis^^ .;;:::, ::;;';:; --^ ^-;'-"n- thos-;;::i.rates who re^^ed '' who can.e to settle in the c.^n.trv. U "l h. ^ th' S;''? '"''"" ^'■''' ;:'"' "l""' ^1''' P'-l-'^y "f ail and at length tl,eir repeated ^on.nstrane V!^ a ,..::;, ^I'u '"'t ^'""'^!=^'"^'' '^ ^'^ '^"■-; Before tlien. tl,e ,n'o„rietors a„n,..,.,„, ,.. ' . , '" ' " "'" '"''^t'^'' ^" ^'o""ni:^sioners. tllG Possess- '1, III wliieli, for the 50 \'V- 260 1, 265-6. iLson t See Ibi! , pp. 267-8. '}■ playcil tli(?ir own ''firl'.'ivt. of tlic land 'v 0:<.' main >mii and ^•all'.-.l I ;iuiic;;-at, and l<(^ku,s Kill, ill ]),.ia- iIhtodI', wliifli is in Til..' si;fiiiul grant '■iir.^v < 'iitcivt stood If, iiJiil liis titlu, liici' 10 ■DiMid fur ^rantiii:,' a 'M of JJoUand at tiie nd a sfcond patent I'scy, and Di.lawaio, ftor redui'iiijf \e\v fly siilmiittcd. J, I idsoii and Delaware • Jl'lsey Th.j I'i'ity of onscionce 20 in'lied hy domestic ions to the convey- insiirieclicjn tooiv v^viMv returned to ses us (inieted the > Kdward Billinye ; d ''f Ills civditors. |iMr,ioM.. Jii lijjd^ vesteiu and i,c tlie ;J0 'jM. Some of the 'Illation. Po.ssc'ss- ■ ill wiiicli, for the ■■"• "-ith iiid '"• ^^ lit- ..int ? \Vli:it l.iit an nssuraiiee ihat we .-lio ild eiij-yeivil laws, religions ^'^''i;'^'"^- nrivileeus, could have t pted us to leavi- a cullivatel coiiiitiy and report to a -looiny wilderness ? ^*'t}y' What have we gahied, if atitT ad veiituriiig in the viMeiiie.ss many tlioii-ands of pounds, we are yet ''^''«""«"'''"'»- free to he taxed at the mere will and plea-uiv of aiioiher ' What is it hut to >ay, lint | cople free'hy Hi .'l.tZ.TlWt- law under ai;\- piinee at home, ;ire at his laeiw il lihuit ilinns alifoad ' lnmtiy 11 w 1 1 1 1 1 ' I'uUr III W i; hiimhly say, that we have lo.-t nma' of mir lilnrty hy leaving our country; that the duty Vo.k'a imp^.sed on us is without invcedent or i.aiallel ; that had we foreseen it, we should have prefurreil any NWi'h'lciiV otlier plantation in Aineiica, lleside--, there is no limit to ihis powi'r; since we are, hy this iirocedeiit, 10 taxed without any law, and theivly e.xchnleil fn.ni our Kn-lish right of assenting to taxes. What s;;- Ciirity have we of anythin.;' we posxvss / We can call noihing our own, luit are teiianls at will, not only for (he soil, hut foi' our ])er.soiial estates, Such conduct has destroyed governments, hut never raise 1 one to any true greatness." The Coiuniis>ioncrs ;id.judecd the duties ilhg-al and oppressive, and they were not after wnrn of teriitory is never un(:( rstc o 1 to le a ci^sion of the piopcrly of tin,' inhahitaiits. The - King cedes i-nly that which hcion.e-s to him ; lands he liad previously giauied were not 1.1s to cede. Neither party could so understand the treaty. Neither ptirty could ci n.-ider itself as attempting a wrong to individuals condemned hy the whole ci'vilized world. The cession (d' a territory would he nece-sai'ily understood to ].a..s the sovcreignt\- onh', r,n. 87.) No const)uetii)n (jf a treaty which wotdd imjair that security to private profjerty which the laws and usages of nations wiaild without expres.- stipulation iiaVe conferred, would seem to he admissihle, further than it.-- positive words reiinire. Without it the title ol iiidi\ idt;al.^ would remain as valid under the new (ioverinneiit as they were undw' the old ; and tlu.se titles, at le.ist as far as they were consum- mate, might he a,sserted in the (,'ourts of the United --'tiiles, independently of this article, (Ih, ^>i).f 80 Such is tlie dillerence t)f the i ule as l.'ctween the Rights of thi,' (ireat Corporations and ordinary private holders. PROCEEDINGS IIAJ) IN Till JMrKHl.\L I'liiVV (orNClh TOUCHING TIIE DIVISION ()!•■ rr.oVlNCKS IN NORTH A.MKliICA, 1712-J7>S4.t- [A',W/'(/c/,s.] Mem: — By a search made in the Council Books of Proi'eedings liad touching the divi.^ion of Provinces helonging to His Majesty in North Anuriea, it apjiears : Ti I- Ti- M • I 1 ' 1 1 • T 1 1 11 /-I i • i Pii'ccoiliiigsin ■ ii-yini.i, I hat ills Majesty has liy mandamus on one occasion directed tlie Governors to apjiomt linp. I'rivy ^"' ■' "■ commniissioners to meet and settle the houndaries. ifl'-j.'lKsi. New '^'nik ^-*'^ another o^'casion a ciiinmission was passed undm' the (Jreat Seal here for settling a ^Q 2«Jn"e, i;'i.7. houndary line. Xi> Caroii.ia '*' 'I'l'P'-''"'^ '^'''■'*' instructions have been given to Governors to settle a temporary boundary 30 Mar., 17i):i. line. 5 Oct. I7(i:!.' Two instances occur where the line has been described and declared by order of His New YiiNf, JIajesty in Council. fieiir'i;!, ^'"^ iiistaucc wlicrc the l;oundary wa.s notilied by an instrument passed under the Great 4 Nov.,"i703. Seal. In the eennnission a]ipointing Thomas Carleton, Escpure, Governor of New Brunswicl , the t7S}. extent of his government is laid (l(jwn, but it does not ajijtear by the Council Books by ♦.Hales' History uf tlio Lriitoil Stutcs, pp. 84-86. + Al.se, passunt. Pet, S, C, Rep, 0, 741-2 ; 9, 133 ; 10, 720, 729-30 ; 12, 438, Strether r. Liiciis. * Public Uocord Ullico,— Colonial Ollicc Kecords, Aiuorica and West indius, I lantations Uunoral, 177i> to 177'J. No. G05. 11 ■ 1.14 A^miN-'lirx. "''"^t authority th,. .livisioM (,f thr Pr„vinr..s wn. nv, ),. r' n , • ''■ lV.K.,.c.,liM;,s l„ul in CounHI .,„.„ the ,liviM„n of th. Ppovin.vs in North 10 fKndoisL'd.l .M,.|ii. Anicrioa. I cerlify that ,ho f.Mvg.,„,g nro 1..,,,. :u„l aull.c.,..i. ...xt.a, ,-. J'l.TKi! Tri;\i;i!, Franklins EXTRACTS FROM I'.KXJA M [ X FRWKIIVs i i.tti-p^ -r, , M, . Lfthrstohis V,n/ini-,r I 1-1 .1 • ' "■'•^•''''■^■^ '■'■-" l-l'^ l<> Ills SOX,* 17(10 (IS. to hope fo,-a,.,l 1 think Mr. CVm^vav '^ rdh r n - ^^ ^^^^^^^ ^ We have, however, suflere,! a lo^s o ! D ., f ":?'" '"^'^ "'"' '■"'"-"'^"'■'^ i" An^eriea. li.vonr of the so,,,,:,,, ..„ L:.] Hi .,,!: t.^i lii' ^J ^ , ;:; --;'f ' ;<• .'-ts the. in Lyn,an luis hcen iono- h.re ..olicitin-^ s„ch -C^ruT I • , '• ' " ''""' ""^ 'l''^l'-'I'li",U- Ir-lan,l. dm. 20 our. ; an,, I .ho,,,,, .is,, for . U^ jt^.^^lt^^-:^ :: ' ^ T^r!-' J" '^ ^K ^^"'^'^ pose M-aUn.j, ,- . Lonl S,,elhnrne on Tne,s,,av. an,, ,,op,. to l' , , , ' *'"."^"""- ^ '^"•- coner, who i,s to .sail abont the -Oth \ ',,00,, ,,e„ IT • ,',' T" •' "" '"' ^'^■"^""«"t« ''.V Fd- ;^HvesofM...Cro.an-sn,,,.iationi„t,,,;l^:;;;'t,"''A^^^i^^^^^^^ there are ,s„..,, continual e,,an.r,.s ,„.,-e thit it is v'erv I , ^>'"""^ly set ahont; l,„t Mini..,-, r thou„.t the last^et t .^t , s :, H ed hiiril"" " "' T''''"'' '" ''" '"^^''^ *° ^'- set are ,,ar,„y thou,,,t to stan,, v...,- ,ir,„ , .1 ' .^o ^ T ^ '] "" " ""' ^"'" ''''" '"-^'-"^ is, I think, well .hawn, an.,, I i.naine S h. W ] Ha !' ^ 7 r n '"' '"" '" ''"^" "^^^ ''''"' P'"" it, as he is nn,c,. relie,, ,>n i ..11 ^ ^ UnU "Z'' 1T "'" "" ' -'"'' ""^' '" •■'—'""■-Hn? is not in town, hut I sha„ take ^Z^ ^IZj^ 7' '' • " " •';" !':'''^"'^- '""■'' ^^''-' '''^^'^'^ '' fbr their wi,lin,ness to take n,e in, a,.,, J^ I^,; l'^ ! r;"!^ ^^"' ';""■ ^ !'r"'^ ^'^ ^-'"I-'y clu.le., w,,on, to p,o,»..e to if ,, nf T , "t" is tl,at I may nonunate. I ,,:,ve not, yet con- aliowe., n,e to 2:' n,..^ a^ , , lu^Z Z ' T^"" '"""'' '"' ' "^- ^ ^^•'^'' ''>" ''^^^ millions of acres, an., therefore en :,, o . , , ^ lir"' T""'7' '•' '■"'""""' "^^'- ^'^'>-^''- ..e. we n,i,. .crease t.e weight oFinter::!;::.^ C'lJi^irl^^ZtlC" ^ ^"" "^' "^•■"- pian.fe;;:M^^-v:rri^ him a reasonahie .scheme : but he found it .,i,, „of m-i Jo.iu.m,,,, an., .sa„l ,t appea,-e., to their «,^ecti..s to it we,., t,,e d iL 1 : ^ r:,;^:^' ;l;:,-"^--'^ "^ P-P>« Lore ; that pense on the carriao.e „f ..oo,,s won,,, ohl ' L V • ' "''" *" *'""^ ^■°""^''>'' '"'■^ *''« ^■^- *" for the san.e reaso^he ,li;}i,.n U eR^J^ T7fT '"'^";"-';"- f-' t'.en.elves ; that it wouhl a Power in the hea.t of A.ne ica d n t ' > i ' ", 'T"',' ," ' ''''' '' "'^''^ ^''■^' ^''« ^-'-''^t'- o^ dicial to our government ove i.m mU, ^Z e ' f "" T7"^ '? ^'"' "'"'' '^"'"•"^'^' -' I'^'^i- colonics, so that none could ,,e spar .i at n '',T' '"' ''""/'"'' '" ^''^' ^^''•^■•"•>' -"'-' much weight, an,, 1 endeavoure.U.y othm t. , 1. ' the "V'T' "":: ^' '• ^"''' '"'' ""^ "J'^^-^^f whe.er he woul.l or won,d not pLote tL ':;;;:|;^:- ^t J^^,;- r^ -J- ''-- nii.ldlee..om.,int,,esu,a,,sca,epartof:::;:i:Tin; c^,'w^^^ try included ,n ^our boun.laries. His iordship remarked t,,U thi . 1 ''''"''" '°'""- '^^ Fcyect^KUhar^^ ^ '""■"'^'■^' "''^' *'"^ ^^'""^J <=«'"'-'"l« ^itl. General Ly.nans • SparkT^Frantlin/' VolTTvTpp." 233^1 ' ~-— . ♦ "jirli'toii's codmiission 1 I 111 comiuivsioii tlie 'ii! I'i'ovinocs ill Xiii-fli Kit, ' J'lililic Kcciinls. OX.* IKK! (IS. iQ \vi'l forward it to my '■I'll aiiil youi- fricnils . I'l'coiniiK'iKlinif your liiiii. He is not now »ii of it I liavc ivnson li'immts in America. I lo grants tlicru in 'I'li'Vi;' Iivlaml. ficn. 20 ■-t lie lias made with iir fi-iinti(M-.s. I pnr- ' soiiiiiiients Iiy Ft,!- Ill- at'cnnnt when it "'•-ly wt ahotit; liiit IS to 1)0 niailo to tiie fe'one. The present ive next. Tlu; plan ly in reconiinondinii' r.ord Adam Gordon 30 liiiiiiv tlio Company li.'ive not yet con- ■• I wi.sli yon liad i.LT, near .sixty-tlireo ■ople : and hy num- it. diip lia.s read your aid it appeared to peoi)le liore ; that country, a.s the ex- 40 vcs ; tliat it would '■ tlie foundation of 'olonie.s, and lircj;i- tlie already settled did not appear of lip did not declare upon it. >r two of yours on van's maps of the iv tiic whole coun- oO 1 General L3inan's S,j>f. 'M).— \ have • 1st had a visit IVoiii C^n. Lvman, ai d a ;nn,A .leal ..f emiwrsition on the Illinois .scheme. He tolls me tliat .Mr. Mor-an, \\\u, \. I -ndri-Si-eretary ,.f the Snulh.'ru Drpartment, is nmeh plea.sed with it, and wo. are (o -o to;:eth,T t.) talk to hipi eoneernin',' it. Ort. \\.^\ was a-ain witi, Lord SL.iimrne a lew days .-.inee, and s dd a -n,,d dr.d to him on the aliair of the Illinois s,:tile;nent. lie was phased to sas that he reall.s approvd of it; hut intimated that every mw propos-d expense I'or .\ne'ri<'a woidd meet with ^reat ditlirullv here, tlie Treasury l.ein-' alarmed and a.sloni.shvd al tlie -mwin- ehaiuvs thn... and ll,. heavy aivoi'uits and dratts eoiiiinually hruu-ht in fnaii them,.; il,at Major hinnrr, for instance, had lately drawn tor no le.ss than MC ,(U)b poumls, extra..rdinary eli.ai-v-. on his ^join^M-. take pos^'-sion of ih.. ijlin. is, and that the Suprrintcn.l- 10 ents, particiila.'ly the S,,i,t.h,Tn on.., l.,-;ui aUu to draw very l.-n-i'ly. He sp.,ke, however, h.andsona-ly of Sir William on many aeemuits. iXur. «.— Mr. Jackson has n^.w ei to (uv.ii. Thr ndnistry have a.skr,! his ojiinion and adviee on your j.lan of a colony in ih,. I llin.iis, and lie lia, just sent me to peruse his answer in wriiiiiLr, in which he warmly re.'onimends it. and eid'ortvs ii ly stl•on,^' reason.s, whi.di j,dve me ;,'reat pl.'asnre, as it cor- rohorates what I have Ik-u .saving on the same topic, and from hi... jais less to ho .suspected of some .Anie'ricMU liias, .//((((' l.-i, irti?-- The Illinois affair n-oes forward hnt .slowly. Lord Sl.rlliurn.^ t ild me again last week that he highly approved of it, l.iit oilier, were not of his se-niim.'nts, iiarticularly the Fioard of Trarle. Lyman is almost out of pati.'or,., and now talks of carrying out his settlers without leave. 20 Ai(w colony. Orf. i).— I returncl last nigjitfroiu Par's, and just now hear that the Illinois .settlement is approved :' in the Cahinet Goiincil, so far a.s to he referred to the Board of Trade for their opinion, who are to consider it next week. 40 A'or 13.— Since my return, the affair of the Illinois settlement lias heen renewed. The King in Council referred the proposal to the B-ianl of Trade, who called for the opiidon of the merchants on two points, namely whether the settlement ol'.olonies in the Illinois country and at Detroit, mi'dit not coiitrihute to promote and extend the commerce of Great Britain ; and whether the regidation-of the Indian trade might not he hest left to the si'veral I'olonies that carry (m siieh traile— hoth which ques- tions they considereil at a meeting, wle'ie .Mr. Jackson ainl J were presimt, and answered in the afHrmative unanimously, delivering their repoit accordingly to the Board. A'or. :i.").— As soon as 1 received Mr. Galloway's, Mr. S. Wharton's, and .Mr. Crogan's letters on tlie .suhjoet of the (Indian) Bontnliirj, I cotiimunicat(!d them to L,ird ShelhuriU'. He invited me next day to dine with him. Lord Clare was to have heen there, hut he did not come, Tliere was nohody but -(^, Mr. Jlaclean. My lord knew nothing of the boundaries having been agreed on by Sir William; had sent the letters to the Board of Trade, directing search to be nnide there for Sir William s letters ; and ordered Mr. .Maclean to .search the Secretary's oHice, who found nothing. We had much discourse about it, and I pressed the importanco of despatcliing (U'ders immediately to Sir William to complete (iNT.MMO Al'PKNUn. S..,-. IV. Ml!<:'rlli(llfi>l.l. Franklin'n Lctti'i"..* t(t tn'B noil. ITliGliS. of i ,; ' 4 U '■ Rt. linn, i:, I'liirkc, nil l,iucl..r Dill 1771. mo ["'■;l!;.;''; ' ^" -" '" '••"■'• "-■•■■ - '■-- '- — • U''^" tl.. lH,sine.s tW, wind, I UM,k.,.t„„k I wait.,1 .M..X, ,n„nn„,,- .„, I, ,nl ( 'l,,,., an,l , r..s,.,l ,1„. u.nU; ..f |1.,. A „/„,, ,lo.s,.Iv npou ],in,. ,;•,." 'f'"' "'';:" :i'"'"r."' '"'^ ^' ^-''^ """'■ ^^■""''' '"■ ™ '>i"i-i^y =''-wt wi,„ si.oni,! \,.y ,iu, ^'!' "'■ :'"'"","" ' ^"""'' '"■^^•'-""-•'""■'1 t„t!,i„ko,u. .n.artlK.,„.Hnl,oFthc01,iomi.M,tk.of use n. s..,.,nn,. t .. ..unU-y, ,,nt ,li 1 ,„., ,.n.U a,v,.„v,. ,l,a, at, iMmit. An,l, as „. tl.c h..!- 1. iHlt,, du IK to n.. |.n.nd, a,„l Spa.uanis at New OiLaas, as he ha I hi-anl thcv l,a,| hith,...,. ,lon., J/.or. 1., !r,S~-.lh,._p„n,„.s..of s,..ttli„;,' th,. ro'on!r. .secns at pivsent to bi. ih^ppcl, tho ,;::''' ;^"';""" mnMs,ra...o„ notap:a.a,iM. Fav.iur.M,. f, it. Th.ro s....,us rMh.v l! he a,> h,M ,,„i ,, a',a,„l.,n the ,..s,s n, the haei< .mntry, as „„.re expensive than useful, Hut cuMsds are 2 -nnnualiy i .tuann. here tliat n,„hin, eau he ,lep,.u,le.l ou. The new See.vtan-, l.ml Il„ is. I """' "' "I"'""" "'^^' ""■ "■'"'l''^ -""''1 I- ]•''■■ '1. llie i.Iiii.f part of thi.u, in < ' .na.ia an.l Floriiia. LKTTi.:ii(.i.- Tiii^ incur iioN,,n:A,.u. hdmi-xd burkio mx tjik grKBi^c iull 1774-20 a 1, tt.!!- 1 V H^'r'?' "'" ''''•':;':''"' ''^' l""^^'"^ '"'^i""-' ""■• '>>• "^t tlu. l.est health, h... sen.Un^ you ; " ' '' ^'" 'Y^- l!'''"'"";- ^^ '';•" ' '""' '-' t"'^' ' -'"f -'itin. to u.u on your ullahs, I eutert^ila n s on. apprehen.ons that the dause in the .^uohec Hill coneernin. ,he l,„un,la,v of rhat new ho ,n e eou n.a enally atleetthe ,-,,hts ofyon,. eolony. It wascoud.e.l in General amUavin, tenns; t ne,l all n,,h,s ami eontnu,,.,! all a.lju.lieations ; it was in all appearance suliidentlv e^uitahk V t 'Tt'll H ■ ""iTf'T: ""' "'''^^"'"'"^ ""'"''■^•' ' ''"""' ^''^'^ >•'"' '"'^''^ '"• -'V mud, lukctea , . take the hl,e,,yo statu,, „, you the li,l,t in whid, it app,.are,l to u,e, a.M the eon.iuet whid, J helil, 111 eon.-.e,iUc,icc of that view (,f vour inteivsts. I n.u.t (i,st ol,se,-ve t,, you. that'the pmceedii^gs with n.^anl to the Town of Boston an,l tho 1 nn-iMce of Massac.husetts lln-. ha,l heon f.-ou. the Leginnin, defen.le,! on thei,. absolute neeessitv. not ^0 b o, the purpos,. ot l„n.,in, that .vfi-aeto,,- town ami p.-ivince into p.oper onh,..., hut for l,:.l lin. ot^t an exan,ple ol t.mu. t,, the o,h,.|- clouies, in some of whid. (as it wL sahl) a disposition to th^ .,u or s,,., ar exeesses ha,I 1 n n,a|.ke,l ve.-y sfon^ly. This unhappy ,lisposition in thi colonics .a^ b, tl e Inen, s „t the e.eiv.ve lu.asu.vs, atti-iliuted to the p,-i,le au,l p,esu,.,ption a.'i.in:? fnun the ra,.i. population ot juese c„lo,..es an 1 f.,,,,, thdr lax ban, a,..l ...ore lax exe.-cise! of Government, I foun, It u. ger,eral ,I,>c,air.ses, ami iu,lee,l in pi.blic.lebate, the prelominant ami iledare.l opinion that the cause of tins resistance to le.al power ou.ht ,o be woakeneil, sinee it was impossible to be ivmt that any .row I, .,f ,he e.,1 ....es. which u.i.ht make them ...o.v out of the reach of the authoritv of tins' K.n,dou,. ou,ht t,, „. aee ninte.l rather a u..'. id fi.h.ess than a s.,..,.d and piviper haiiit. All ^inc.. s Fron, this predou.b.ant way of thinkiu. tl,. enormous extent of the colonies was eeusuivd It ^u d 1 r % '""^ " '' """■■ -l"'-'''".=""lit was thought expeilient to lii.d ia the t.actabli.dispoMtion of ,son.e provinces, a d.eck upon the torb.ili.nt manners, and a balance to the loss mam.^.able p u, o .overument in tbe othcs. These p..inciplcs (whatever their merit may be) ,« v^ y as hio,.., e dnian, the agitation o, the Massachussets Bill in the House of Commons.^ A p^ vho I th.uk does not always vote in the majoia.y, u,ade a sort of proposition for an address to the Km- that no u.ore land .should be located in Am..rica. Th. T- r^ ;''?;"!«^:;"^'-' "*' *''*^ P'-"P"sition, although it prcieeded no further for reason,sof decorum ,„ Ihemtn^tenal si^le „. thatjiouse fdl in ve.y diroctly_witl^he^ sentiments and, as 1 am told, ^^^Z^ ' ' N. \, Ilist. S,ic, t'ul. 2i.,. 's, tli.'y sImiiM pay tho S' sliiHiliI pay llifir jjfo- tiic laii-ls, tlif Crown this r(;a-id. •ration, ifat all. ■dieut to tind in the t lialaiice to the le.ss ■rit may be) became t-'onnnon.s. A peer, or an address to the reasons of decorum. 50 s 1 am told, plainly •I s showed a resolution to act in conformity with them, so far as tho power of the Crown in that particular extended. It is true that a few Lords, and Lord Roekin<;liain in pnrticular, objected to tho idea of restraining the colonics from sproailitig into the back country, even if such restraint were practicable; for by stopping tho extending of agriculture they necessitated manufactures, contrary to the standing policy t)f colonization. The general sentiments wore, however, as i have stated them. I niontifm this disposition of tho House of F'ocrs, particidarly, (though it prevailed almost equally elsewhere), because the Quebec Bill originated in that House. Very many thought, on a careful perusal, that tho lines of the plan of policy I have just mentioned were very distinguishable in that Bill, as it camo down to us. It was for that reason 1 became more 10 uneasy than at llist, aiioiit the lax and undeterminate form in which tho lioinulary clause of this new color.y was worded in tho original Hill: tlio idea of which (whether soriou.sly ailoptod by ministry or not) was very prevalent, that tho British colonies ought to bo restrained, made it necessary that this restraint should not bo arbitiary. It was tho main ground of tho amemlmont whicli 1 proposed and carried with regard to the boundary clause. However, as a n'lero unconnected arrangement, it is right to define with clearness, although such a plan of policy never had existed or .should pass away, as I hope and think in some dogroe it has, with the first heats. Tho bill pas.sod through tho House of Lords with some opposition, biit no amendment, but when it came into the House of Connnons, tho Ministers confessed that it was ha-iily drawn, and they profes.sed groat candour in ailmitting altoration.s. The part by which your province would be directly ati'ccted was only tho boundary clause. 20 As the boundary was, in the most material parts, in tho original Bill only constructive, and in general words of reference " to tho boundary lines of tlio other provinces, as adjudged or allowed by the Crown," I thought it necessary to know, with regard to you, what lines had been actually drawn and next, what i)rinciplos were to guide in adjudging your real boundaries in future. With regard to the first point, I found that a line of division, between your colony and that of Quebec, had been allowed by the King in ('ouncil, to be run from a point on Lake Chaniplain in forty- five degrees of north latitude. So far had been agreed between tho Governors of the two provinces and allowed. But no line had been actually run in consequonco of this agreement, except from the River Connecticut to tho Lake. Even this line had not boon formally allowed ; and none at all had been run to the westward of Lake (Jhamplain. So that your boundary on the north had never been .{0 perfectly delineated, though tho princi|)le upon which it .shouhi be drawn had been laid down. For a great part of the northern frontier, and for the whole of the western, until you moot tho lino of Now Jersey, you had no defined boundary at all. Your claims wore indeed extensive, ami, I ain persuaded, ju.st, but they had never been regularly allowed. My next object of enquiry, therefore, was upon what principles the Board of Trade would, in the future di.scussions which must inevitably and speedily arise, determine what belonged to you and what to Canada. I was told that the settled uniform practice of the Board of Trade was thia . that in questions of boundary, where the jurisdiction and soil in both the litigating provinces ' onged to the Crown, there was no rule but tho King's will, and that he might allot as he pleased, to ui.e one or the other. They 40 .said also that under these circumstances, even where the King had actually aujudged a territory to one province, he might afterwards change the boundary ; or, if he thought fit, erect the parts into separate and now goveriunonts at his discretion. They alleged the example of Carolina : first one province ; then divided into two separate govern- ments; and which afterwards had a third, that of Georgia, taken fiom tho southern division of it. They urged, besides, the example of the neutral and conquered islands. These, after the Peace of Paris, were placed under one government. Since tb ;n they were totally separated, and had distinct governmenis and assemblies. Although I had the greatest reason to question the soundness of some of these principles, at least in the extent in which they were laid down, and whether the precedents alleged did fully justify them 50 in that latitude, I certainly had no cause to doubt but that the matter would always be determined upon these maxims at the Board by which they were adoiued. The more clearly their strict legality 18 Ontario Al'l'KNDIX. .Uiiecllnnfoui. Kt. Hon. E. liurke on Quebec Bill, 1774. 138 /??!--, w'J- proved, the more nne^y I became at tl.eir conseqnoncos Bv thi« R'H ^~ ..M riMnie wm in fact civat,.,!. Tl.e limits s..tH,.,l ll , ^ '" ** ""'^ Province un.ier an ^.^i,, y- -lo a ,nere constructive l^ounda vl^ 'ta s L " /ir'""";'"" "^ '^"^ -*-- ™"ee!le.I. On — to notlnn,, „,oro than the King's pioasu, n1 Iv r '""'■^^''''^t-". when examine,!, amounted ".ocountry. ,uite to the River luZ^. J: Ztr^T'l !"'''' '''"'■ ''' "''"' •''"^'•^<'- "^ Besides, there was a possibility (at least) tha n fh \ ^ I" "P^'-'^f"'" "^ -^''^H a principle, naturally lean to exter.d those liLtfth emit wh e the'^R T"' "' the boundary. Ministers woul.l consequently their power the l.i-'hest llnot eT,, f 7 Pr-o.^.tive was n.ost extensive, and l^ys stood in the way of such ^. incli.i ^'^ Ir did :St T^ In ''''' '"^•^"'""' ^^"^ ^ This was not fas it might be between two aneio f M /■ ^ , '• '""''' ''"''''''" ^" ''''''^ hereafter. cHstinctlon, or of economical .list^llio w ^ e i I hi ,^^ '"•^'•" ""'•'^^'"» ^X" .-graphical 10 other lived under the same law and enj v^'t ' "' ° """''''" "^ '''^' ""° "^"'1^''" '.oundary discriminating differen pr n i l^Vi r rf"'''' f ^ •' ^■'""^'""-- ^^^^ this was a subject lived under lawrand in the oT:;;ni:prC;Uvr '^"' '^''"^''^""" ^ "'"'^'••^ '" "^ ^^^ '^^ afterwards with Lord North, upon t e 1 i t B t Z Tf l'' ''"'""'"' '""' '''•■ ^^-'^'Und Clause .it s..od in the BiU.blre it was^cln^d^'? UZt^J^IZl 'Z^^Z': l'^ .,.,., ■ , . , . ' "^'"'^ '" "ttn <-oinniut,e(l. J cou d Rt. Hon. K. Biirko on Quebec Bill, 1774. a- in h. let it pass .r want of bei^ in.;.: .: ^^l wi^;'l;,Ti:: ^ i- —; ,, —nce.the Port at Oswego duHng the J^^^ .ustt^r:;l^-^:::rr:,rir:;^^^^ ^^ ^^ --- --.,.^.1 son,ely what cannot be retlined. and to gab tTa st 3^^ u ^^ T"? '' '' ''"'"'' '"^ ^''^''^ "P ^'-^^- reasonabiencss of a proposition, even whtn it is om '^ "^ 'always more or less attend the tolerably extensive boundaries were he r t^anT loJ' T,"' ' ''"""''' ^'"^ "^" — ^ -^ allowed. My idea was to get the limits of Quebec w / ' T' "'''''^'^ '"' ""^'^^ '^««-<^ "or to straiten the British colonies, ren.ove t^^^l^^it T:?' ^ """T" '^"^ "^'' '^^ ■"^'•^'"^- '"^-^''-^ 30 natural, indisputable and inunovable harrier LTlaVr 7 ^r'"^ that certainty grounded on lines could be .Irawn ; and where reference and Lsc Hn n 1 '' '°"'^^ '""^^'^ *''*^"' • '''>«« ^''«re CM British .1 , „., ,_, ,, ne;:L:'rr is:;::r iti;.^;::;;:''' ^--^^ - they^::^:^:^:-:!^^^::;:;- ^^^^^ :;;t:;— •« t? ^ --^ ^'^ '-^ ^y --'■ as their Bill, brought in .so lare in the .sc^^ i „ If e 1 T' "" '"r"'" '" '^ amended clause as you see it. ' '"" ^"••^'="'^«^"" ^nd debate they gave way to the The work was far more trouble.some than those who ^v.^,■n n.^ near two whole days in tl,e C.'onunittee. The -m™ ,b' , U ' " T . "'" "'" '^''^^•'' '' ''^'' "« boundary of Pennsylvania. We couM not dele i ! I, •! .""' "" '''' ""■'^"■^*''^"' '^^^te of the 40 Erie, or ran within that Lake, or Ml to (h. south ' • an'' " "'""""' '""''''"''^■' '^^-.d Lake beyond expression perplexing. Objections on the part ot O ,. 1 " '""^''■*^'."^>' '"'"'•^ t''^' ^'"'1.' n.atter particularly to the post of Niagara, which Mr. (iaC am tol' 1 ""' ''•'"' *" "'" '"'^^ "'"»-»^' ^"^1 government ; but by the Act it is excluded and is on ;our side ' IT r"'^' ''™"''' '" '"'^^''^ ^'^^'" ^^' difficulties would make me give up the point- but JT '"^''- / ^f .'^^''^ «""'« imagine that these prevents a very bad one. and may fo'rm a C fo I n Lh 1"^ ' T " ""' ' '''''''' -rangement it colonies. * '""^'^ '''''^ter in times more favourable to the old iw province under an wn; and the Ontario. i. Something, then cy to give up hand- e or les.s attend the t well .secured and leither defined nor as myself, intended 30 tainty grounded on tliem; lines where them towards an II lent. •d by counsel. As ;e to carry through f gave way to the elieve. It cost us settled state of the 4y ard heyond Lake he whole matter last moment, and ) have within his agine that these 3t arrangement it urable to the old defined this line ire of the incon- sq ard of Trade to ISO act insidiously, unfairly and captiously, which I liave no reason to imagine they will do from anything Owtawo I have observed in tiiem or in other parts of Ministry. Afpwnn. But I confess, when 1 .onsider that (Vuiada is put on the other side of the waters, its boumis being Af^Ziam^: expressly so marked out, it appears to me ab.solutely impOHsii)le to say to whom the land on tluH side — belongs exeept to you, unless His Majesty sliould choose to erect a new government, a thing no way likely or convenient for any good purpose. The (^ueiiec line was constantly .statetl and urged in the House iis the boundary between the I'rovinces of Quebec and Now York, in that public discourse (rather than debate) which latterly wi; bail ,>n the subject. I think the line, to all intents and pur- po.ses, as much yctur boumlary as it it were ever so expressly .set down. Canada, at least, cannot say 10 " this belongs to me." I iliil not press to hav(! the line cilled th(^ boundary between New York and ('anada; because we should ag;iin fall into disciisNion about tlie iiounds of other colonies as we had about those of Pennsyl- vania, which (lis(Missi()n alone had ViTy near indoul)tedly may dispose of my letters as you judge proper. I must in this respect confide entirely in your prudence, being fully .satisfied that the matter will always direct you sufficiently in what you ought to concoid and what to divulge. I have sent off long ago the Wawayanda and Chocsecock Acts. I have had the honour of seeing Mr. Cruger at my house on his return to Bristol. I endeavoured to attend to him in tho manner to which his merit and connections entitle him. I have the honour to bo, With tho highest esteem and regard, Gentlemen, 40 Your most obedient and humble servant, Edmund Burke. Beaconsfield, August 2, 177 4. To the Committee of Correspondence for the General Assembly at New York. OBJECTS OF THE QUEBEC ACT, 1774.» Extract from a puulication of that year. The objects of this Act are : the extension of tho boundaries of the Province, the revocation of ^ • ^ , .. •' . , , . . Objects of tlia the civil government, which took place in consecpicnce of the proclamation in 1763, and all Quebec Act, * From Piunphtet published in 1774, in vohniio ontitled, "North America, 1774," in the Library of Parliament, OtUwu. 140 Ontario Appmiux. Hoe. IV, Mtieeltancoua . "» tl.eir pr..,K.,,io.s an.l civil ri^l.tH th. r 'es a J , f '^^r'"" ""' <""""'"nities, the enjoy.n.nt «..ol. alterations as tho legislature of the P liio m '""!" ""•^'""^ ''^^^"^ '^"'' ••"'*t"-. -»'j-ct to R.lministnitionofthocnnm,ullawsof A'„„/a,;,/ "uT.i.'.'ItrH ru' 'l' '""'''' ^'''' '""'t'''""''tion of the a le.nporary le{jislat,ne within the Province ^^' alteration, and the e.stublishn.ent of n.i:::;';;;';;;ti;;.;:!r«!:uh;z;;^^ :: '-'- -^ '^-^— or the "I".", a K.'n...ral plan U- the regulations o tin , " ^ ^''" "''' ''•■"^'''"•••^' ^v.■^. resolve.I necessary to exein.leall the provinces fr.,n. jiu-isdietio^ 1 t" ".'"''"■';'"'>'. '""' '''^^'"^'' '^ was thought 10 resorting thither for tra.Ie (an.l no settlenuJts wer 1 1 e 1 i^ n ^ "' ['t'" ""'"'''y ' '"'^ '^" I»"--"« U"t horlty innn...liately fro„. the Crown, SXvovJriT^^^ ^ t.a.le. to he in.posc.l by Act of Parliament ^ ^ '"''''"•"'• "'"'^'"R ''•••"" '^ ^'^^ "P"" the The events of the followinrr ycur ^,.„„ a,., , ., . , , . lay the tax. an,l consequently th.f exp's" co ' 1 . t'Je TV'" 1 "'^ ""' ''"'" J'"'^'^'"' '■•^l-'i-t to the American contingencies, which w' t). " , ' f "^T T'"'""^ "^'^ '^'''"^'"'"^1 '^'"' ..'e upon reason that so l:.rge a part of the ce.le.l e r oH in .L" ""'''^, ';"''"'^"' '^'--'^'- ''''-^ -as the the .w Province of ,... eontaine.i so s.^r;;;; j;:;r ^ ^1:;^:' '"'" ''- -' -" ^"- it nan been tlie nolicv of thn p..^„ ,; m cations throughout tii; wLo c^ ii^ i^t t::r ^^'Trr /''^T^'^'*^ -^ "■- -*- -—- ^^ ;".p«.-t.u,t passes; hut, being well aware of he " ea '. „ It' ' 1' " 'i'^'"'"'^'' ^'"''^ ^' *''« '"-t iron, the inhabits country, they settle.! a Ittle <' . 1 ^ "','''''^'"^' "'"■^'^ ^"'"'^ ^^-'t'' l"'-i.si.ms raise provisions for the garrison. 'tIus gave i^ to fe I '.;! 7^ 'n'' *" ''''^''''' "'« ^'-"»'' -'<' under the directi..n of the conunandingofhtroftS^^^^^^^ "'"'^^■^ ''"'' '-- P"* ->tirely ftzr ^'''' by the new arrange.nent. they were exclude.l everv En i. •' '" '' ^"^•^"""^■"t. especially as mischief has happene.! |V.n. these pe..ple t L ,^ t t " VT'"": , '' "'"■'^' ''' ^""^--'- "" ^-a to obey French ndlitary or.lers, an.l th En.H "r-.i r w e " 'f . i '''"^ ''"' '^"' '^^-'■^'«'"-l in their neighbonrhoo.l, of their own authoHty x o e^^ ^ -"'"a".Io.i U,.. ,os,s whi.-h were continued 30 not the pu. pose of the adnunistration to en . L ^ s tt n /r^rth r''"'"?""'' ''^"" = ''^' ^ '* "'- rule Of the .nilita,, was tolerated, as n.ost li.ely^o p"v:;:: • Ict^r :r;r ^::;:^"'- ^"^ ^^'^-^ • and ^::^^:^:^^^'z::z:7^'^ '- ''- ^-t' '-^^-^^^ -^ --^s nnn.bers flocked thither fron. the other colonieTtoTk n '/"'^ '^'"'^"■"''- '^'"'^''^^^^ '" »-reat authority, and seate.I themselves in sucl at nt rrr^l'"?"^'^ "' '^"""^'^^^ reached these intru.lers upon the King's wa. and as H • , "" '^'■^' ^' "" ^'^''' J'^'isdiction the native savages, in drea.l of their'p^r ^i d t riir; "i"""""'' ^'^^^^ '''^y- --"-'^ that distance, the case was judged to be without' T rel X' ^ : .t, Tf7'"'' T'' '^* ^ ^"-^- government, and erecting a new province between the All! h I ""''"''^ *''*^ endgrants with 40 that j)urpose. ^ "^''^" *'"^ Alleghany Mountains an.l the River Oliio for That the mischief might not. however, farlher extend itsrlf nn i ,^ ,-, colonies at still greater distance from the sea coast 2 v ' ^'^' ''^'""^ ^""^ '''^^'^^^ new ' country is by the first clause of the Act put under th'"^^ ',' /^""" '''''• '^' ^''°'« °f ^I^e derelicT the avowed purpose of excluding airfL'lt s^ e 1^^^^^^ 'T ^—-""t of Quebec, with regulations for the Indian trade settle.uent therein, and for the establishment of uniform .ateHr,^^:sr fT t^ rX': Si^^ t- -' ''- "''-- ^-- ^^- -- b, upon than from any one other colony, fo eCnts airvrct": '] "' ^1 ""'^^ '"^'^'^^ *« ^'^ -^-^^^ they can have the advantage of a wLr co..i:^:^^--::Z ^tZ^ZJ^^i:;^ ^ '^ ■ •i4 Trcaf.y of Paris; tlio iiiriiJieH, tlio I'lijoympnt ami ciistotns, siihject to 11! contiti'ifUioii of Mio 111 till) cstablLslmiunt of of Qnrhrc am! of tho oviiiccs, wfic ivsolvfd •T consideration of tlio '■ll'"ct, it woH thoiif^ht •<> iiiitry ; l)iit all persons 'ct toa |ioli('(!. deriving from a tax upon tlie 1 jiid^rcd expedient to ilditioniil (!liar;,'e upon •eady. Tlijs was the yovurnnieiit, and that tho water poniiniini- 20 ish posts at the most I'osts with provisions TOto tlie fffound and •ilmakiihic and upon il been put entirely ons were withdrawn, nnient, especially as, J confessed, no f,'reat ad been accustomed liii'h were continued 30 lii'iii : and as it was vtioiis, the arbitrary Its. ' f of the old colonics Einijrrants in ^reat •untry without any civil jurisdiction ilay, insomuch that tilers at a f,'reater ;lie emigrants with 40 the River Ohio for s for erecting new 'lo of the derelict t of Quebec, with hment of uniform liiHc the access by sJy to be intruded pon places where gQ to traffic at ; and i 10 141 if this country had been parcelled out amnnjr the Hovoral colonics that hounded upon it, oxpcrionce has <»ntabio fully testified the impracticability of their all a«reeiii{f upon one ^{enerftl plitn, whicli would have ''^'"'^^'^' tho etlect to prevent settlement, or to enforce any rei^ndations which miiy be tli(.iij,dit necessary for ^^' '^" (,'ivin«,' security and satisfaction tr<>|ioiiitl to repeaUjuebe* Act, 17th March, 1776. 142 Ontario Ah-bniiix. Sflc. IV. MiscclltiTu-tnii, Diibiite ill H0U8H of Lorda iin proiH)Hftl to rt'ix'alt^uebt'C Act, 17th Mftroh, 1775. other culoni.. ,uay .on.e to he oxcludo f n ' Cv r!^ T "" "^ ''^'^ '^'^''^ '^■^''■^''^*"'-'^' *»>" -'^ with U.e Indian n,aion. of tI.atvasU^.t„trt,L T""" "' eorre.spondence whatsoever which wouhl naturally give rise to LZtu aKliv7 7 T "' P''^'""-''«''>» °f ^he said legislature sul^eet. o. the old eol^iL. and t,:! ill^Si^—r ;^^Z:^X -^"^^ ""' "'^-^^'' May It therefore please your most excellent Majesty repeal.., .,,.1 ...Jc voia t. ,„ InJ^lSi^;^ ^:Z,T °''' """" '"' °-' '"' """ '"■ '-""^ .suine to allinn is of Ihe utn:!; 2 iiu.d I f Jf .t^t". ""'^' "^ ^"'•'^' '" '^ '-"-' ^'-^^ ^ F'- the colonies and this country. The"a :.'! an '*f , .""P"^'^"^^ ^^ ^l'" trade and commerco of Hay. cost his Majesty's n.inLrs ^^^112'^*''^' this business has, give „.e leave to Earl behind me [Earl of Hillsborou Lh Ca'tl'^''^ ) \'" '' T"" ^^'°" '™'" ^^^^ ^ ' that by a royal instruction the sole direction o it X.u 1 ' I ""! ." -'l^.^tantially the same thing 20 will be bold to contend tnat whateve co Zab e ^ / r '' "' ? ''"^ ^''''''''' "^ ^"^bec. For I complete exclusion, and total X ^ t ^^^^^^^^^ terested. ^ ^ * *" **"'' Protestant British colonies can possibly bo in- Eaul 9athu,.st to Administhatou Siu Gordon Drummond.* c TT . downing Street, 18th March 18Ti «e.J- r^^SZ-UZ::::!::^^^^ HmWs BayCompa:yaI.pre- grounds of the fears expressed by thenf " hi po^ n'l •,; tb": ""': ''7 ""'^■^^'^'•>' '"^-"^ ^ *° 'he foumled, furnish such protection and .ssistanc Tin be ^fo Lrii I ITl "'""^""^' ^'"^ *« ^« service. You will take a special care, whatever measu; I ylu 1 ^ ^V. [I'"'^"' '" ""''' ^^^J^'^^^"" from doing any act or expressing any opinion which mav ton/f I T '' ''"''P'^"'' t" abstain the Hudson's Bay and North-W^est Co.'panies t J /oS IVf ^ '""'"" '" '"^P"**^ ^'^*-- the lives and properties of His Maje.sty's snL I el^^^^^^ I have the honor to be. &c 40 BATHITR.ST. APMmiSTHATOR SiR GoRDON DritmMOND TO EaRL BATUUUST.f t.^ite . Mv LoRWIaving considered what would be the best .J^^ ^^^t^t '''' '''" l.U.„t. .^M-nvL^-dship^^ette^^ ^^ -^'-^ % alrit ^vr^Tr'"' * Sessional Papers, House of Commons (E7K3.r8l!»,"N„"^l7rr~—^ O^r^jXpuT- ^SeBSional Paper.. Hou.. of Co,„,„„„s l^^.;: ^si,] nI! Iio,' p. 4. Occurrences in Rfti Itiver district, etc., and J^'ffal Pro<'cc(linffa againHt Ijunl Selkirk, 181,5 1819. Earl Bathurst to Sir (J. Urunimnnd, 8th March, UlS. Kith Anifunt. mr,. its of His Majesty's other said lef,'i.slature, tho said •rrespondencu whatsoever ion of the said legislature OH betwouu His Majesty's aj.isty, by and with the this inoscnt Parliament "I" May, 177f His Majesty's servants eamed of that the whole c taken from the several antially the same thing 20 rnor of Quebec. For I 1 it, it will operate as a mies can possibly bo in- 5 PROCEEDINOd OF 1815-1819. ^D.• 18th March, 1815. Bay Company a Repre- ol' an attack from the 33 ■ary force for their pro- isary inquiries as to tho considering them to be imont to His Majcsty'a his purpose, to abstain ion in dispute between ruction being to secure !r, from the predatory alves to be threatened Bathltrst. p.f Jgust 16th, 1815. 5 information required ? myself for that pur- 40 143 pose confidentially to tho heads of the North-West Company, whom I know to be persons of the utmost inte;,'rity and respectability, I should not only hiive the be.st i'hanco of attaining' that object, but of more effectually providing for the security of the lives and property of the settlors on the Red River, than by the adoption of any other means within my reach. These objects have, I trust, been attained as far as they are attainable. Before I call your Lordship's attention to the numerous documents which accom- pany this letter (more particularly to that from Mr. McUiliivray, in answer to that which I caused tho Deputy Adjutant General to address to him), it is proper to intimate to your Lordship what I did not think it nece.ssary to communicate to the geiith'men of the North-West Company, viz, : that the plan of affording military protection to the Karl of Selkirk's settlement, is in my ojiinion decidedly iinpracti- 10 cable; but even admitting the practicability of moving a detachuient of troojw, with tho nece.s.sary pro- visions and stores, to that remote territory, tho expense attending it would not cily be enornioiis (far beyond any idea your Lordship would form of it), but the first and unavoidable effect of this interference would, I conceive, be to involve us in an Indian war, for objects foreign to the intijrosts of the British Government. It is far from my intention to attem|)t to inHuence the judgment which your Lordship may form from an inspection of the papers herewith transmitted. But I think it incumbent on me to remark that I cannot but feel ai)[)rehension that the most mischievous consequences are likely to arise from the conduct and character of the individual whom Lord Selkirk has selected for his agent, who styles himself a Governor, and from whose intercourse with the persons in tho service of the North- West Company it is in vain to look for the spirit of moderation and ccmciliation which it is so desirable 20 should animate persons situated as these traders and settlers are, cut of!" as they arc from the whole civ- ilized world, and dependent on their union and nmtual good ofHccs alone for protection, not only from the savage tribes by which they are surrounded, but against an enemy not less formidable, viz. : famine. The question as to the invasion of rights, of which the North-West and Hudson's Bay Companies mutually complain, appears to me to be entirely one of law, and one in fact on which the law can alone decide; it hiis therefore very properly been referred by the North-West Company to a legal tribunal. Ontario AlPRNIlIX. Sec. IV. Misrellnneoui. OucuiTcncos in Roil Rivor District, etc., and LcKnl I'rDcceuings a^niiiHt Lord Selkirk, 1816- 1«1'J. Sir G. Drum- immd to Karl Hathuritt, Kith Augtiiit, 1815. I L. J the honour to be, &c., The Right Honourable Earl Bathurst, &c., &c., &c. Gordon Duummond. Eaui. Batiii'ust to Administratok Sir Goudon Dui'mmond.* go Downing Street, 3rd January, 1816, Sir, — Having received many complaint" of tho violent proceoilings whieli have taken place in the Earl B»thur»t most remote parts of liis Majesty's North American Dominions, and of the outrages committed liy the ("rummond agents and servants of tho Hui;=i„.w,„*\ 1,.. i,:_ T __ii- , ., ... ^ "l'""" " "^ F„,.t wiui.™ (t„ci,. princiH ,™u„« c,t.b,i„„„™.) b; „i. Lor,„hm,«e.l ,t lo the Executive Council, whom I cUoJ upo„ to ..IviJ^e „ „ t . best method of r„.t„„„g tr.„qu„lity to the ,ndi«. county, and checking th'e further outr^clo,';! The „t, of the E.rl of Selkirlc, which the Council h.d immediately before thom having, been done under colour and hy process of law „ a Magistrate tor the western district of Up ,Tr cli and Z whole m,g,str.ey of the Indian territoty, being for„„d exclusively of the partne^'CH e pari™ ;'frt"r"f-rira::tLr:f^ dr.™:;Xarrthr.uSrj;-i^c: wi '-- p-^^-^^ Canada, by being M.gUtratcs for that^ilrar.tht ^J'^^ iZ XTc 'xtit.'b?!' influence and impartiality to be, .oie m^^Lt *f\;t'^XL *;1i:eT«^^^^ lh.,r functions, and with further powers, as Ccmmiasioner, of Enquiry to rdiatbtweertrT" Com|)anie«. But the Council also recommended th« neitb., ii. j ""f between the two should take effect unless on a clear urrstn'di:;g'li " h" « vZZf:ru;"r ST'^'r commjssion, granted ,o Lord Selkirk and the memLrs and servant: of he Hudr.'sS^tdNrt "''" West Compames, a. magistrates for the western district of Upper Canada, should be rovS andTut the two new magistrates to he appointed by me should be made Justices rf the Peace fir thai d,"tr"t proceedings so much to be deprecated, I can do no more • mv a^u horTrr f • '"'*"'"' *0 distance of four thousand miles from ,ne iT^Z\7ut{}Zrr/'u'"^^^^ .ate, and at this a.lvanced sea.son alnrt In^bi; L^^^^^^^^ '' '"/""T, '"'^""'^ '" '-- serious attention to the forcible and I fea too i.!^ H T ^ T '" ''^" >'«"^ i^ordship's I have the honor to be, &c., The Right Honourable the Earl Bathurst, &c., &c., &c. J. C. Sherbrooke. •Sewional I'aper., Houm of Common. (Eng.), I8I9, No. 219, p. 66. 145 lURST.* Ird October, 1816. a continuance of those ich formed the subject sed copy of a memorial iship of the arrest and 1 of the occupation of ipy of his letter to me ! course he intended to o be expected, with a 10 3d attention. I there- advise me as to the rther outrages ol' both lem, having been done iper Canada ; and the i' agents, are partizans use their authority as hem, therefore, of this was recommended by 20 ihat territory entirely effectual, without also tern district of Upper y be exercised by the after superseding the ppoint two j)ersons of 3d thither to exercise ite between the two the new commission per Canada that the 3u ion's Bay and North - e revoked ; and that ice for that district. forth- West Company (lission to the Indian copy, to Lieutenaht- lip that he has found through tlie measure could bo devised for t is to me to witness ^q ail over persons at a aes difficult to j)ene- CiUl your Lordship's 1 of Selkirk, of the uch as he describes, JHEBBROOKE. Governor-General Sheubrooixu to Lib;ttenant-Governor Gore.* (most secret and confidential.) Castle of St. Lewis, Quebec, l.st October, 1816. Sir,— I have had the honour of receiving your Excelloncy's letter of the 14th instant, relating to the late occurrences i.t Fort William. Concurring in i\w. fullest manner with your Excellency in the views of this dlHicult subje-ct, '>ich you liavo submitted to Lord Bathurst, and being e(iually inipre.s.sed with the dangerous c(Hisen. i > that may ensue to the country, unless some steps of interference are taken, I .sought the advice ot ,y Council on the subject, and have now the honour of transmitting to you a co|)y of theii' report. I do not see any method of arresting the progress of the evil, but that which 10 tlie Council has recommended ; and 1 now enclose to your Excellency an instrument revoking the com- missions of all the magistrates of the Indian territory ; and two other instruments for the ap[ioiiitment I of two persons (for whose names blanks are left) to proceed to that territory, in the double capacity of ? Connuissioners of Imjuiry and Justices of the Peace. Tiie extensive influence and connections of the (North-West Company, pervading almost the whole society here, I find it extiemely diflicult to select two persons impartial enough to be intrusted with such an important mission ; and I, therefore, with the fullest confidence, leave the selection of them to your Excellency, in the hope that the .same causes may ^ not operate in your Government to embarrass your Excellency's clioice. Should the same difficulty, j however, prevail there, so that this new connnission cannot be filled up, your Excellency will clearly understand that the instrument of revocation cannot be acted upon ; and moreover, that I have only J 20 been induced to transmit these instruments to your Excellency by the hope and expectation that you I will consent to the revocation (as suggested by the Council here) of the conimis.sions held by Lord Sel- ^ kirk, and the members and servants of the Hudson's Bay and North-West Com[)anies, as magistrates in the western district of Upper Canada ; and that your Excellency will also appoint the two persons whom you may select as Commissioners of Encjuiry, to be Magistrates for the western district of Upper Canada. I have little doubt that your Excellency will see the necessity of these measures; but should it be otherwise, your Excellency will of course consider the instruments now transmitted as of no ertect ; and I beg that your Excellency will in this case (as well as in the possible event of your not being able to I find two persons qiialified for the proposed mission to the Indian territory), be good enough to return j these documents to me. I 30 The date of the commission of supersedeas being left blank, it is necessary, as your Excellency will i no doubt see, that, in filling it u]), care be taken that it bo subsequent to the date of the commission appointing two Justices of the Peace to proceed to that country, in order that it may not appear that the territory has for a moment been left without the means of the administration of justice. I have the honour to enclose herewith such general instructions to the two new Justices of the Peace (if the appointment takes place) as may be necessary for their guidance ; and I have also caused letters to bo written to the present magistiates of the Indian territory (to be used of course only in the event of the supersedeas taking eftect), apprizing them that their commissions have been revoked ; to which letters '4 I request that your Excellency will permit the dates to be affixed, according to the date that the super- sedeas may bear ; and that your Excellency will have the goodness to inform me what that shall bo- 4,Q It only remains for me to assure your Excellency of my hearty co-operation and support, on this and every other occasion, where the peace of the country and so many of its important interests are at stake. I have the honour to be, &c., J. C. Sherbrooke. His Excellency Lieut.-Governor Gore, &c., &c., &c. Ontario Api'KIfUIX. SeoTTv. Miscellaneovt. OccniTencea in Itiii River Distri;;t, etc., iiiwi Le^.i! I'rocivdingB against Lord S.Okirk, 1815- IHlil. Gov. -General ShdlirDoka to Lt. -Gov, Gore, Ist October, 1816, Lieutenant-Governor Gore to Governor-General SnERBRooKE.f Quebec, 17th October, 181G. Sir, — I have the honour to acknowledge the receipt of your Excellency's secret and confidential tieut.-GoT. dispatch of the 1st instant, which reached me by express on the 9th, at the new settlement in the GeTsh?r°''^ vicinity of the River Hideau. I lament extremelv to be oblised to state to vour Excellencv. that brooke, 17th 19 ♦Sessional Tapers, Huusu o£ Oommoiis (Eng.), Itil'J, No. 219, p. 61. ilbid., p. 62. Oct., 1U16. ^>kl 1 : !■■ f (JNTAUK) AcrKNinx. .See. I\-. MUciUutieuus. Ot'ciirrcncrs in R.'(l River District, i>ti'. , iind Jjcjfal Proceedings against Lciril Selkirk, 1815- 1U19. 146 although I have given t}.e subject a most serious consi,l.ration, I cannot propose any two persons of Upper Canada a« fit to be intrusted with the inipo.tant mission referred to in your Excellency's dis- patch, I have enclosed the eomniissions and papers, which your Excellency did me the honour to conhde to me. I beg to assure your Excellency, that you may command my co-operation to arrest the evil exi..tmg at tort William and in the Indian territory, in any manner you may be pleased to I have the honour to be, to (lOV.-Gen. been duly laid before the Prince Regent. I learnt with great regret that the commissioners of special sherl.nKike, 00 11 til l"i>h enquir}-, to the result of whose labors I looked for some more precise information as to the actual state I817. ' of the Indian country, and the means by which tranquillity might be restored, had been under the necessity of abandoning the object of their mission, and of returning to York, under the untoward cir- cumstances which prevented them from reaching the point of their ultimate destination. I have entirely to approve the measures which they adopteil for making known the powers with which they were themselves invested, and for superseding those of the magistrates of the Indian country. And I trust that when the road to Fort William is practicable, they will proceed to the execution of the important charge which has lieen confided to them, I am fully sensible of the danger which may in 20 the interim result to the commercial anil politiial iiit(>rests of Great Britain, from the opening which the conduct of Lord Selkirk appears calculated to give to the admission of foreign^ influence over the Indian nations, to the exclusion of that heretofore exei'cised by the subjects of Great Britain ; and feel the necessity of putting an end to a .system of lawless violence which has already too long prevailed in the Indian territory and the more distant parts of Upper Canada. By resisting the execution of the warrant issued against him, Lord Selkirk has rendered himself doubly amenable to the laws, and it is necessary, both for the sake of general principle, and for the remedy of existing as well as for the preven- tion of further evils, that the determination of the Government to enforce the law with respect to all, and more particularly with respect to Lord Selkirk, .should be ett'ectually and siieedily evinced. You will, therefore, without delay on the receijjt of this instruction, take cure that an ijidictment be preferred 30 against his Lordship for the rescue of himself, detailed in the affidavit of Robert MacRobb, and upon a true bill being found against him, you will take the necessary and usual measures in such cases for arresting his Lordship and bringing him before the Court from which the process issued. Surrounded, as Lord Selkirk appears to be, with a military force, wliichhas once already been employed to defeat the exec\ition of legal process, it is almost impossible to hope that he will quietly submit to the execution of any warrant ugainst himself, so long as any opening is left for eflectual resistance. It is, therefore, necessary that the ofiicer to whom its execution is entrusted .should be accompanied by such a civil (or if the necessity of the case should require it by such a military) force, as may prevent the possibility of resistance. The officer, however, must be cautioned that the force entrusted to him is not to be employed in the first instance, but is only to be resorted to in aid of the civil authority in case of any opposition 40 being made to the execution of his warrant in the ordinary manner. As it appears not improbable that Ix)rd Selkirk may, previous to the issue of the process against him, have removed from Upper Canada into the territories claimed by the Hudson's Bay Company, it will be necessary, in order in such case to give validity to the warrant against him, that it should be issued or backed by some magistrate appointed under the Act 4'!rd of the King, to act both for Upper Canada and for the Indian territoiy. By this means the warrant will have, under the provisions of the Act of Parliament, a legal operation^ not only in Upper Canada but in any Indian territories, or in any other jiarts of America (without excepting the territory of the Hudson's Bay Company) which are not witlun the limits of either of the Provinces of Canada, or of any civil government of the United States; and you will see the importance vil I . it ll III if ,' I. !;, i^ llth 1 1817. 148 Ontario AiTii.NDix. of not i)enuittin<' the execution in t,» rlof,>„* i i S.-V. change of,, lace o^n the p't o'Lon, Sdkit ' "'' "'"""'"''^ '" ^'" '''''"'''' ''''''• -' ^^^ -^ J>iKtn.t,..tc., Lord Selkirk ^°" '^"^ '"^'^^^ instrueteil to adopt with respect to mill Let,'iil ' ''''■ will profeed to adopt 1^ ^ to i LrL^ '^ f " ''" "'"^' '^'""'^^ ""^ '"-' ^^-'-'' ^''^' ^'"-^ E.: Bat,,u.t any other person silnilarly e c , , ne tZ2\Z'''''"'T T """" '" "'^^'" ''^ ^''^"" "^^^^ ^;;;;;;.;^-- appear. You will not fl to con^ ^^Ue^' ;,f ^ / ^'^ f"^'' P^^-' ^^^-^^l ^'-H- or omit to so extraordinary a contin,.encv sul.niif nfl ''"' "'oasuros, ,n order that I may, in 10 case docs not /e.p.ire t cr Zit on '' '°'"f ^•'^*'°" °^ ^-•'i'"-"^ -^-ther the urgency ot ihe You will not consider 1 in til r •^^""■"^'"^'^•'^"- '^* --"^y -". respect to his Lordship, conveying to you on the (ith i';^;rnt '"'' '^"'■^^" •''"'•""^'''"° ^^'^* ^^''''^^^ ' '-1 ^^^ '-"or if whiclf I^erilir'i!^^! r::Jl^ ':;' f ^^' ^•:^f ^•"P'«y«'^ ^y I'ord Selkirk to abandon the service in to be empLyed in S^^^ ;.rl';:;'i:;" :::""""^^''^"' ^!f ;- ^^-^ ^^ *>-y r-it themselves the utnK)st severity of the law and vo' w II ° it'' '{ "'" '"^ "'•"^'"' ^° '^"'^ prosecuted with and the freedon. ot'trade tW-gZl^ L^^ tS:^;"^ "'^ •""^"^' '^''^'^''^^ "^ P'-^ -P^--^. coni£z>:si^:p;:::i:;:lrL;:£ ;j 'S^ r;'-^ ^^"^^'-^'^ - ^--^ ^'^p^tc^^. no. to, that if the 2. to which I have ZJ^r^^t:lttJt''' countnes, in the tenns of the 4. Srd George IH., ConnnLssion, tl.eir powers ext^d over uLerP *^^"'^° /^' '"^'^ '^ ^^ ""Portant to adhere in their even within the H.4s of ti:^;:^^^^^^: ^ ^ V iie^^s^^!:;!; -"-^ I have the honour to be, &e.. Chief Justice Powell to Lieut. -Gov.. Jlaitland, 12th March, 1819. Lieut. General, Sir J. C. Sherbrooke, G.C.B. Bathurst. 30 Chief Justice Powell, ok Upper Canada, to Lieutenant-Govekxor Maitland.* May it Please Your Excellency, ^^^^' '^^^^ '"^'"'='^' ^^^^- Statiito, wlii.i, various clra-.-,., .„nir, . , , ' ""■>■ "''I'"' »'™ """'« ""'l'' tliis of thi, province, auc .r , ^-i: :'r„l„ ^„ Y "i'T""' "'•'■■ '■""™""' "«" ^"">'" ''•« """'• jurisdic ion. A Bili w Ji I „ ,1?, iL ,1 J f'"""'"'" "«« »ri.rel,enljl:^:fij^»ige»^.«^^^^ a„,en,le,l, ami .|,provoJ by thorn Ernon.) p.,j„, H„u„ „, Commo,,.. (K„g.) Islo, So. 21», ,. 27.J, ' ' ' 14!) rant itself, or by any passed the Legislative Council, but was not returned that session. The House of Assoniblv having considered tlie bill during the leces.'^i, it was sent up at the noxt session as having originated in the House of lieprcsentativos, passed the Council, and received the Royal assent. Such a course seems incompatible with the suggestions in the Petition, that your Excellency and the other brunches of the Legislature Mere surprised. With respect to the construction put upon the bill by the Chief Justice, and coin|ilained of by the Petitioner, I am at a loss to discover to what he alludes ! No (piesbion upon this bill has yet been agitated to call for construction. At the Assizes for the Home district, a bill of indictment was found against the Earl of Selkirk, 10 the Petitioner, and many others, for a conspiracy ; the process of the Court was prayed upon tiling the bill, and Surgeon Allan, having attended the Court as an evidence in certain civil returns at Xisi I'ritiK, applied to the C'ourL to lie admitted to bail, and traversed the indictment to the next Session. I'pon tiie question of bail it appeareil t^ the Coin-t, from the details of the overt acts charged in the indict- ment, as read to the traverser, that the bail should not be light, and it directi^l £1,UU0 for the traverse, and £500 for each two sureties ; which last, by the indulgence of the Court and prosecutoi', was ad- natted to be subdivided, to suit the circumstances of the traverser. Your Excellency will perceive that in all this, no occasion was offered on either side, to discuss the legality of the proceeding ; and, as the travel ser had counsel at his side, the Court had no cause to presume any doubt, to form any construction, or pronounce any opinion upon the Act uniler which the 20 indictment is alleged to have been found. Any question of expediency or propriety in bringing forward the prosecution in that shape, was for the consideration of the Attorney-General, and not for the Court. I am grateful to your Excellency for the early communication of this and the former letters, and shall ever be so, for occasion to account for my conduct in any of the various relations in which I stand with your Excellency, the Crown, and the Public, conscious of no motive but duty, for my actions as a Magistrate, a Legislator, and Executive Counsellor. I have the honor, Szc, Wm. Dummer Powell. His Excellency Sir. P. Maitland, 30 Lieut.-Governor, &c. Ontaiiio Ari'KNDIX. Sec. IV. MiHcillanroui. j OccuiTi'iici'sm Itiil Riv.i- Di.itrii't.i'tc, mill In'iriil l'|■"^•l•(•^lin^f9 :n,'iiiiist l.iird Silkirk.lSia- ISI'J. Cliii'f .Fu.stice I'lnvill to hwnl.-iiiiv.- Maitl;iiiil, IJtIi March, ISl'J. y had the goodness Attorney-General Robinson (Upper Canada), to Lieutenant-Governor Maitland.* York, March 5th, 1819. May it please Your Excellency : I have perused the petition of Mr. John Allan, and the athdavit accompanying it, which I am to thank your Excellency for submitting to me ; and to assist your Excellency in forming an opinion on the matteis they relate to, I will give a short account of the facts with which I am necessarily conver- sant respecting the prosecution of John Allan. Sometime last si)ring, I think late in April, the agents of the North-West Comi)any and their counsel, placed in my hands, as Crown officer, a great mass of testimony, consisting partly of documents 40 in the handwriting of the accused, and incapable of contradiction, and partly of depositions of a great number of witnesses to facts which they were ready to substantiate, by vivory 10 IW'.l. Attiirncy- Oeii. (If. C.) Holjinsnn ti> l-ii'ut.-(;ipv. Sliiitlanrl, Ctli .Miuxli, III. or within tliis •om perplexing questions about ...--on in .Lu .. wo:,::!;^ -::-----,-^ justice in that .listriot, are divide/frlrFort Vir n °"'' ^^'•''^"'"'^- '^'''^ .i"-'- who disrense Allan, by a,s many hundred a i of sZi wil ""' ''' ""^ °' ''^ °^^"'^'^'^ '^^^'^''^'-^ "^^'-^ »''•• the parties and tlLr offence tlL re lib li^ o thTl > '" " ^""? "' ^'"■^' '^"•' ^""^^^ ^ '^'^'^ "^• of SelkirK to instruct then, on those hoa s w' 1 J^,ir'"T"f'-'"r^' '^ ''^ ^""''^ *'^^^^^" ''^ ^'^ ^^^-^ "0 sitting of the Court. * ^ pamphlets industriously circulated at the moment of the His Excellency Sifl P. Maitland, Lieut.-Governor, &c. I have the honor, &c., (Signed) J. B. Robinson, A.-G. Lieut. -Gov. Alaitland to ITnder-Sccy. of State, 4tifi May, 1819. L:.UX.NANX.G0VKKN0K Ma.X.^. .o H.NH. GO..BOCKN, Es..* UN..K.S.CKKX.HV O, SXAXK. MY Dear SlR,-Whether the Act against which Lord Sell.- V V . •^''"'" '''' """'' ''''' be ill-advi,sed or not is a matter of opinion buTii saving if . 'rf " T*^^ unmeasured terms fact which is capable of mcst satisfactory c^ntr 1 Z 'tL BdHn "^ 'T'v''? '^"''■^'''P "'''''' ' ^0 currence of both Houses the previous session and butTor tl f ^ ^^'^ '"'" ''''^' '^' ''''■ have passed into an Act. ' ^ ^°' ^^'"^ ^'^''"P* P^o^g'ition, would at that tiiT;e It appears to me that the necessity for such an Am «roc „v. . ., , . ceedings and sanguinary quarrels between thrriv!lol"''r*i^ '^^'°"-^' ■" '^' ''^wle.ss pro- appears to me to be no lei salutarv tLn just but fo7"T' ""' ')' '"^™" '' *'"^^ ^" 1"-'-" having forwarded for Lord Bathur.^'s inlCtion" e o^^tZs 7th'' CMe^Tf ^ "" ^l '^'^-'' General on a letter of complaint from Lord Selkirk, and on a Zol of £.1,1": '"' ^"°"^^- I called for these answers with a view of nnttinrr r^^i tj *i. . • of both sides of the question, and for thl Lm'^3 ason I Int h"l" "'"'"""' '' ^^^^^ ^' P^-^^^'^' by the Chief Justice on Lord Selkirk's letter to irrLiverrooJ ' '"""' ""' "^'^^'^ '^"^^^^« 40 Believe me to be, my dear Sir, &c. Henry Oovlbovrh, Esq., &c., &c., &c. p. Majtland. • Return, House of Commons (Eng.) June 24th, 1B19, p. gg^ I'.l jnsiilerntion.s piiroly of a isuly in its pri'SL'iit form, leration, and would ImvD thi'ii' privilo^'cs, wliit'li law. itted in .such parts uf it iy frari ;ing or .siirrtfe.stion, IS to submit to tlio same • in the Indian turritory 10 !or^'o III. or within this plexin^' questions ahoiit posed by some to bo an give to the same Court the ends of justice * • 1 affinity to the western he jurors who dispcn.so Bs charged against Mr. 3, and know as little of ains taken by the Earl OQ at the moment of the Robinson, A.-G. :;betary of State. :, 4th May, 1819. 3h unmeasured terms lis Lordship asserts a 30 id met with the con- would at that time in the lawless pro- of that in question larks on the subject iistice and Attorney- n. as early as possible, ail certain remarks 40 P. MAiTLAND. Ontario Ari'KNDIX. 1 ami L*-f.Ml l'nK.'i'iiliin,'ii Selkirk, IS15- 18 11), ClIIEK JrsTICK PoWEM,, OF UlTER I'ANADA, TO LlEHTENANT-GoVERNOR MaITLAND.* YoHK. May 1st, .81!). ^--^ Sir,- ' ' ave perused with a lively interest the copy of a letter froui tiie Karl of Selkirk to the Earl Afioniianfoui, of Liverpoji, dated in Grosvenor Place, tlie 8tl> of Fibruiiry last, ami; befj leave to express my {,'rateful ()cc.„r~c.«it acknowledgment to your Excellency for the o.minuiiication. On the subji'ct of the bill passed in the jti'.;[,'|.'tTtc last session of the Provincial Legislature, his Lordship has not only handed unfounded surmises, but has advanced as fact that which is not true. He is pleased to say that the Act of the 3 1st of the King, Cap. 31, divided the Province of Quebec and makes no alteration in the western limits established by the 14th Geo. III., cap. 83. The CJanada bill doc's not divide the Province of Quebec; it premises that 10 it was His Majesty's intention to divide that province into two provinces to bo called Upper and Lower Canada, and makes provision for their government when so divided. His Majesty, by his Order in Council, subsecpieut to the passing the Act, did accordingly separate the Province of Quebec into Upper and Lower Canada, and does make a great alteration in the western limits from those established by the 14th of the King, extending them westward without ditfurence to the limits of Quebec, in such terms as plainly indicate the intention to comprehend all the country con([uered fnni France, under the name of Canada, which had not been relimniished to the United States of America, or .secured to the Hudson's Bay Company, or designated as Lower Canada, Eail Selkirk is pleased to .say that the Chief Justice of Upper Canada declared that his jurisdiction extended to the Paciiic Ocean ; his Loi'dship must have been misinformed ; I never did pretend to pro- 20 nounce the extent of Upjier Canada, but did deem it respectful to pause, when a deliberate act of the King in Council, contemplated and referred to by Parliament, was set at nought by a Provincial Magis- trate. The Earl of Selkirk alluded to legal opinions of the first authority on the jurisdiction of the officers of the Hudson's Bay Company over ofi'ences and oflenders within its territory. The Chief Justice of Upper Canada had been taught to consider the Parliament of the United Kingdom to bo the highest legal authority, and its Act, 43rd of the King, gives jurisdiction over offences committed in the territory of Hudson's Bay to the courts of Lower Canada as occasion may require. Thirty indictments for felony and murder, in which Earl Selkirk was the prosecutor, had ocen i'„w('u to transmitted lor trial in Upper Canada, under the provisions of the last mentioned Act. It was appre- ^'l'!litk'm^lst .30 hended that the question of jurisdiction might be raised, and if it .should turn out that the Iocuh inquo ^'^'^y- 1**''''- was in the western district of Ujiper Canada, the court of the home district was incompetent to try them, and they must have been renewed in the western district at a great charge to the prosecutor as well as the culprits, and great inconvenience to the public. The bill in question was to meet this con- tingency ; it was introduced and passed in the Council after mature deliberation and references to the judges. It was not returned from the Assembly during that session ; but after the prorogation it was at the next session sent up as a new bill from that house and passed the Council. It did not receive the Royal assent until it had undergone tlie consideration of some weeks. As relates to the general hardships of the bill to the individuals, and injustice to the local jurisdic- 40 tions, it may be observed that it operates on no organized population of the province subjected to muni- cipal regulations ; the territory which it etl'ects is in the Crown, and part of a district, but the soil is in the aborigines and inhabited only by Indians and their lawless followers. As to the removal of prisoners, prosecutors and witnesses to a remote distance, it has not been thought a hardship to subject them to a journey of five times the distance, passing eight districts and a whole province, with the chance of being remanded for trial to the district nearest to which the offence was committed ; such is the opera- tion of the 43rd of the King, under which Earl Selkirk prosecuted in Lower Canada the numerous indictments transmitted to Upper Canada for trial. As to the insinuations by the Earl of Selkirk that the bill was got up through the influence of the North-West Company, and that from the same cause the Spring Assizes for the home district were n :l Ontario Al'l'KNDIX. .SecrTv, il iiorllaniiiun. Occiirri'nci'niri iU;i Kiv. r I>i«triot, . to., ami Ki'ptI 1'ri(liii^'8 aifiiii]«t I.iud Mrlkiik, 1815- Ibl'J. 15t I have beer, on the bench thirty years, subject as all are, to good report and evil report but this in the h..st sunn.He of conu,.tion or suspicion of it which has been made known to me. I have the honour to bo, etc., H,\, Fv,...ii,mn,. w n • n, .,, , William DLIM.MEK PowKLL. Ills l!,.\('ullenpy .Sir Peregrine Maitland. Chief .TuHticu l'owi-11 to Ijiellt.-ticiv. Muithuiil, 3r(l Mm, 181!l. Chief Justice Powell to Lieutenant-Goveunou Maitland.* „ ^ , York, 3rd May, LSI 9. to niflL "eo nlTrnwt "^^r' I'" ''' ' r'"' "'^ ''° "'^"'^^ '' '""^ ^'^^^ "^ ^^'"^"'^'^ I'^'^'. '^ «™J ^^^ me u 1 '^""^'r.'^'l'"'^ "'^^''^; t^-'> c'V'I actions decided here against his Lordship for false iniprison- b V 11 1.: ::^;^ :::.:"; ;; "; • '^ :;r"'r"' ^•'"'""" ^'^^^^ ^''^ ^'^'--'' Department might nu.n P recut bv CO r int . 1 '""'^'^'"""^r "^ '"'^ ^^'-''^^'iP *« --lit, as .n innocent and persecuted n-.n, ptisecutcd by conupt inlluence over his Majesty's servants, under the protection of that dlpartinent- I have the honour to be, etc., His Excellency Sir Peregrine Maitland. William Dummer Powell. 20 Report on tlio Case of Me. Ki.'iizie anil Earl of ticl. kirk, 1815. 30 Repout Referuei, to in the FoREGoma Letter of Chief Justice Powelu* McKknzie ■) _, ^'^" r ^aise Imprisonment. Earl of Selkirk. I c . . . Spring Assizes, York, 1815. othe/p::Z:fJ^:\{^MLr''^"';f "'"';"""' P'^^^"" ^^ *^° North-west company, with sevena' fe di ti- ct or sen r tr ; " \ examination, the other parties were committed to tl.e prison of pac c 1 dt e^cklfl"^?^^^ that plaintiff- was detained at Fort William, and conti^d in a whii J!n'?'f '"^ T '^'f f "^ '" "'''''' ^"'^ ^'■'^^"'^"^ intoxication, and that his failin. was encouraged w^^i e m conhnement until he was prevailed upon to execute, while under duress, a sale of the co pfrt ' nenship property to defendant, after which he was discharged without bail. Tha whe , def ndmt had committed o prison the other partners, they had left in charge of their concern Two e erk"^ander ^e (..mpany, which they had decHS:^ th:^^:fi: ^X^T: ^Z:: tZ^ ^ psenc useless to his employers, from the control of defendant, had obtained leave%o quit 1 ^ ^ ZZ '^ *"f'^'^'P' ^h ch Mclavish still declining, defendant sent him in custody to Montreal under a Tan al:^:^^^^^^ "^ '""^'^^^ °' ^*"^^" «"^^^' '^"--» ^^- ^« ^^ «^"1-. ^-t did not tTk i '' examination on that charge, or give any warrant of commitment to the person under whose custodv he was placed, nor was any further prosecution of the charge carried on. ^ That after Mr. McTavish was thus got off. there remained in the fort six other clerks of the North- We,st Company who had no particular charge of confidence, but adherin. to the inteTes of their employers and having influence over the common servants of the Company they weXido/w th^_defendai^^ ^ ^^^^J^ si^nedb; TLfeff:^t^^^^^^ *l.eturu HouKo of Commons (Jing.), June 24th, ISig.^Tm: ~ ' rious attempt to reftita- 1 evil report, but this is ) me. t DUMilKR PoVVKLL. lND.* rk, aid May, 1S19. jlkirk's libel, it occurred 10 Isliip for fiilsu imprison- to cxclii.sivo merit and as !iu oIKcial document, )ni.il Department might nnocent and persecuted ion of that department- UMMER Powell. E Powell.* 20 5sizes, York, 1815. Company, with .several I on a charge of felony mitted to the prison of liam, and confined in a etence that the charge 30 Failing was encouraged, 1, a sale of the eo-part- ,t when defendant had s two clerks, Vander- liat these persons were o tliein to transact for ho agents, finding his leave to quit the fort ;h him on account of ^ to Montreal, under a .^ , but did not take his under whose custody ir clerks of the North- the interest of their 3y were got rid of, by by himself, to give 153 evidence before a court at York, on a -lay whrn no co,„r wa. hold.'n, and nu trials or prosecutions expected; this latter evidence was subiuiind i„ nggmvatiu,, to show that the imprisonment of the plainLilf without eommitnient regularly was corrupt as well as illegal, with intention, when all other course failed, t.. extort froi., him as a nominal ])artner of the North-West Company, an ex.rcise of autliority over their concerns, which he tlie plaintilf disowned to pos.ses.s, and protested against, so soon as he was at liberty, in a j.laee where means for sueh piv.test coid.l be found. The defemlanfs iisel limited themselves to mws-examiiiation of the witnesM's, and the jury foun.l a ver.iiet for the plaintiir, and XI, .111 '.amages. The aliiisesof the authority of tlie Magistrate, for corrupt purposes of private interest, were so various lOaiid uiKiuestioimble that the court, after receiving the ver.lict, intimated tu the Attorney-General the propriety of his oflicial notice; but his Lordship having been discharged from the magistracy, and being no longer within the juiisdiction of the Court of King's Bench of this Province, no further notice was taken of him. OSIAKIO .\l"l'KNliIX. Sir. IV. Mt.ii'iffitnt'iuM. Oi'iMirri'iu'rn ill Hill IliviT I'iltli.t, itc, .Mill Ll-tMl rrin'ri'ilin^H ilKMlllnt LiirU S.lluik,lHl.V Is 111. ]il'|iiirt nil tllr Til.... uf Mi-- Ki'hzir illlil Kail iif Si'l- kiik, IMl.'i, Upper Can.ada, .vr the Spuino Assizes, 1819. Wm. S.mitu, Plaintiff,) »"<• '-Trespass, assault and false imprisonment. Earl of Selkirk. ) The evidence was, that tlie plaintiff, as deputy slierilf of the western district, arrested the defendant on a warrant for felony ; that the defendant being at Fort William in the western district, with many 20 armed mm under his command, rescueil himself from the arrest, and imprisoned the jilaintiff in a house wherein there were other prisoners, one charged with murder and since convicted; that an armed soldier stood sentinel at the door of the room in wbieh plaintiff was confined, whose orders from defendant were not to permit him to go out or I'eceive his visitors. That the prisoner under clinrge of murder was indulged to keep a .school and walk in the fort; that defendant would have set the plaintiff at liberty if he would engage not to act upon his warrant- that plaintiff was thus impriscmed from the liJtIi .March to the llth May, when Lord Selkirk still left him a prisoner, but no autluu-ity was u.sed to detain him after his lord.ship's departure. The defence attempted was, tliat plaintifi' was imprisoned for a breach of the peace, and also that his imprisonment was voluntary, by connivance with defendant to colour his neglect of duty ; but no 30 evidence supporting such a conclusion, the jury found a verdict for plaintiff with £,500 damai'es. Ri'pnl't III! tll« c'liKi' "f .Smith mill I'larl nf Srlkiik, 1810. OPINION OF SIR ARTHUR PIGOTT, MR. SPANKIE AND MR. BROUGHAM, ON THE HUDSON'S BAY COMPANY S CHARTER, 181G.* In the Maiter of the Hudson's Bay Company's CifAUTEii anu their Grant to Lord Selkirk. 1st. Whether the exclusive trade, territories, jwtcers and pririleijes granted by the Charter uf Charles the Second, confirmed hij the expired Act of Kiwj William, is a legal Qrant,and such as the Crown ivas ivari'anted in making; and if it vas, whetJicv it eiititles the Comjmn// to ccdude the Cnnadian traders from entering their territory to trade with the Indians, a)ul authorises the Governors and other officers appointed by the Company to seize and confiscate the goods of the persons so trading tvithout the license of the Company ? 40 The prerogative of the Crown to grant an exclusive trade was formerly very much a^dtated in the great case of "The East India Company versus Sandys." The Court of King's Bench, in which Lord Jefferies then presided, held and decided that such a grant was legal. We are not aware that there has since been any decision expressly on this question in the Courts of Law, and most of the Charters for exclusive trade and exclusive privileges to Conqjanies or Associations, have, since the Revolution received such a degree of legislative sanction or recognition, as perhaps to preclude the necessity of any judicial deci.sion on it. Much more moderate opinions were, however, entertained concerning the extent of App., p. 16. opinion of Sii A. Pisfott, Mr. Sjiankie, iind >ir. Bri Hicham, onH.B. Co.'s Charter, 181«. 154 DXTAIIIO AfrKNiux. 111!' pieroKaHvo, nftor tlio Rov.)lution, than provailo.l in tlin latter part of tliu r<'i;,'n of (.'liarh's tlio SfTTv ^'''^.'""'' *)'"' '" ^''*' '*''>^'" "f J'imoH tlio Smm-I, nn.l to tlio>.' is t. l,o attribiitml tlio fr.'i|iiont rfcoiirso hi2'lhn,'ou,. ^*'l''c'>. "*■''•'• tl'«-' Kiivaiiition, wiiH liiiil to lr;,'iHlati\() aiillinrity oi, Niifli cases, and paiticiilariv in tlic v.'ry — ■ i-asi^ of this < 'on.paiiy, evLlrfr ,| l,^■ tl.- ti-mporary Act of the 2n.l of William a.j.l Marv, " ("or contin.iinj,' to the Governor aiul i V>iii[w Hu-I-son's Bay their j-rivihtgcs and trade ;" a coi.llrniation tho ' ''"'nti"" "f wl.i.I, the \, .ivs>ly liiuife | to seven years and the en.l of tlie next session of rarliaineiit ahu „ l""U' • ^ .. ,f tlie preumuf*. „f that Act is, in etlect, a legislative .ledaration of the insulHcienfy aui! In/Adoiiimcy ot *'<^ Cliarter for tl.i> j)urp(;«*ps professed in it, without the aid and authority of the L.'.ui-.|at!i'ntureis of Kngland trading '•> JIu.lson's Bay ;" hut this" provision gives no validity whatever tu tii< Tharter, and only leaves its elRct and authority as they stood before that Act, and entirely unaffecteil \,y it. ^ These ].ailiamentary proceedings may at least justify the inference that the extent of the prero- gative in this matter was considered as a subject which admitted of great doubt, in times when the independence of tlie judges insured a more temperate and impartial consideration of it. They may, however, be perhaps consiileied as too e(piivoeal to atl'ord any certain and cunelu-ive authority on the 20 strict (picstion of law. Such rights, therefore, as the Huilson's Bay Company can derive from the ' Crown alone, uiider this extraordinary Charter, such as it is, may not be atlected by these proceedings or declaration.s. and they may now rest entirely upon and .stand or fall by the Common Law rrerogativo of the Ciown to make such a Grant. Upon the general question of tho right of tho Crown to make such a Grant, perhaps it may not bo nece.s.sary for the present purpose that we should give any opinion. The right of the Crown merely to erect a company for trading, by charter, and make a grant of territorv in King Charles the Second's ^A':"l%„tt,"^'' '■'''^'"' '"*^ "°'' ^° *i'sP'>ta''le; aii'i "" the other hand, besides that this Charter seems to create, or at- anli mV""'''*'' *' /*^ *? "'^'^*^ '^ J"'"*^ •'^^'"''^ ' 'nmpany, aiid to grant an e.cdmlre right of trading, there are various Broyn! m. claa.ses in ( e Cliarte!', particularly those empowering the Company to impose fines and penalties, to 30 Char'ter," ' ■'*';''^^' "•' f""''«eftte goods and .ships, and seize or arrest the persons of interlopers, and compel them' to l«i'i. give seem y in £1,000, kc, which are altogether illeg.al, and were always so admitted to be, and among other times [things even, at tho time when the extent of the Prerogative in this matter was niaintainod at its heiglit, to grant an exclmice right to trade abroad ; and even if, by virtue of their ( 'barter, they could maintain an exdmlve right to trade, wo are clearly of opinion that they and their officers, agents, or servants, could not justify any seizure of goods, imposition of fine or penalty, or arrest or imprisonment of the persons of any of His Alajc.'sty's subjects. Probably the Company would have some diiRculty in finding a legal mode of proceeding against any of those who infringe their alleged exdimcc rights of trading, or violate their claimed territory; for we hold it to be clear that the methods pointed out by the Charter would be illegal, and could not be supported. But wo think that th- Hudson's Bay C!ompany and their grantee, Lord Selkirk, have extended their territorial claims much farther than tlio Charter or any sound construction of it will warrant. Supposing it free from all the oljjections to which we apprehend it may, in other respects h.\ liable, the words of the Grant, pui.niing the recital of the petition of the grantees, with a very triiiii,.; s aria'tion, and with none that can affect the construction of the instrument, are of " the sole trade and uutunerce of all those seas, strait^ bays, rivers, lakes, creeks, and sounds, in whatever latitude tli.y sli,>ll be, that lie WITHIN the entrance cf the Straits, commonly called Hudson's Straits, together with the lands and territories upon the countries, coasts, aiidconJinesoftheseas,bays,lakes,rivers,creeks. and sounds afore- said " that is, within the S'raits-and the.se limits are frequently referred to in the subsequent parts of the Charter, and always rei. v-d to throughout the Charter as " the limits aforesaid." g^ There i.s, indeed (p. 10), ai. , : •: : ,n of the right of trade, and His Majesty grants that the Com- pany " shall forever hereafter ha> l, e. ,i.nd . ijoy not only the whole, entire and only liberty of trade !!31 fir !( 10 I'i^'ii of Cliaili's tlio I) fi'i'i|iiont ivcoiirao iriiliuly ill tlx' very uy, " I'or I'onlinniiijr a coiilii'iiuitiiiii tliu ' tlu! Ilt'Xt SI'Msion of i.itivo clcc'luriitinii of witlidtit tliu iiiil atiil III iil'tur tho uxpira- ry of 11 North-WcNt any ways extt'iul, oi' lifloiijLriiii,' to till! liiit tlii.s provision M they stoud Iniforo ctuut of tlu! piuro- n tiiiiijs wliiui tlie of it. Tlii'y may, ) autlioi ity on tiic 20 11 (ii'riso from tlio iirsL' [)rocL't'(liiigs or 1 Law I'rt'i'oyutivo haps it may not bo ) ()rown iiKM-i'ly to liarles tho Sucoiid's lis to create, or at- f, tiiere are various !S and penalties, to 30 nd compel them to iiitted to lie, and n this matter was , liy virtue of their hat they and their r penalty, or arrest ipany would have riiige their alleged lie clear that the irk, have extended if it will warrant. ects ti.i lialile, the triiiJij;,' \ari-. >ion, ido .I'ld .i;i.'.!;ierce tl ■ J !i:,'i lie, that ith the lands and and sounds afore- ', subsequent pai'ts d." nts that the Coin- ly liberty of trade 40 60 Iftft and trafTic, and \\w whole, entire and only liberty, use and privilege of trading and trafKe, to ami from the /rrrifiirii's, liinif" mul iiUun'x n/itivsuiil, but also the whole and enliri' Irndi and If'ijjir to and I'lom all hiisiiis, liayn, ereekx, rivur.x, laku«, and .seas Inhi nhidi thfi/mnif find inih-nni-f or pantinji'Jtii irnlir tirliiiid. mil of Ihf lirn'liiilesji iiilt.'<, t\ui\ ]>UwoH afuusii'u], ,111,1 III iinii with till tin' natives and peojih inhabiting, or whicii shall inhabit ivrriUN the territories, iu< '. ,nd places aforesaid, and to and with all other nations inhabiting any of the cnnstn iidJKCi-nf to tl v >"ii territoriea, liiniii, and jilaces afore- said, wliicli are not already possessed us aforesaid." It is plain, lieivfdii', tliat the T. iiitorial lir.uit was not intended to comprhiii 1 all the l.iiulsand ti'iiitoric's that might tn' apppiaelivd tlwini'ih flmhon's SlniltH, by land or w.!t{' the seas, etc., within tho Straits, such ^' a boundary mu.st be implied as is consistent with that view, and with the professed objects of a trading ;{0 company, intending, not to found Kingdoms anil establisli States, but tu any on iishcries in those (■!,« waters, and to trade and trathc for the acipiisition of skins and pultrie.s, and the other articles iinMtioned **" ' ill the Charter ; and in such a long tract of time as nearly I.IO years, now elapsed since the grant of the Charter, it must now be, ami must indeed long since have been, fully ascertained, by the actual m eiipa- tionoftho flud.son's iJay Company, what portion or portions of lands and territories in the vicinit;, , and on tho coasts and contines of tho waters mentioned and described as within the Straits, they have found necessary for their purposes, and for forts, factories, towns, villages, setthnneiii or such other establish- ments, in such vicinity, and on such coasts and confines, as pertain and belong o a company instituted for the purpo.ses mentioned in their Charter; and necessary, useful, or convenient to them within tho prescribed limits for the prosecution of those purposes. The enormous extensi' is of land and territory 4Q now claimed appears therefore to us not to be warranted by any sound constr. jtiou of the Charter; if it coulil be so, we do not know where the land and territory of the Hudson's J^y Company, granted by this Charter, terminate, nor what are the parts of that vast Continent, on 'vhicli they have taken upon them to grant IIG.OOO miles of territory, exempted from their proprietorship under their Charter. Indeed, there may be suthclunt reason to suppixse that tho territories in questi u, or par', of them, had been then visited, traded in, and in a certain degree occupied by the French settlers or tradera in Canada, and their Beaver Company, erected in 1030, whose trade in peltries wa,- oonsiderablo prior to the date of the Charter. Tho.se tcrritorie.s, therefore, would be exprcs.sly excepted out of the Grant; and tho right of British subjects in general to visit and trade in these regions wouL- follow the national rights acquired by the King, by the conijuest and cession of Canada, and as en oyed by the Fi-ench 5Q Canadians previous to (hat conquest and cession. No territorial right, therefore, can be claimed in the districts in question; and the exclusive trade there, cannot be set up by virtue of the Charter, these districts being remote irom any geographical s..r7v. M i»nll(tlieuH$, .Sur in. ^ ti aiB 166 i' « a i A,.n:Nl''x. ''^''"t'O" to IIud.son's 15ay, an,I to tl,e Straits, an.l not l.eincr in any sonso within fl,r Strait,, an.l not l.oin.^ S-Tv '^I'l'™'"^'^'^^l.by ti.e Canadian traders, or otluT .•dleg.d interloper., tliroujri, tl.e interdicted regions. Of Mi»ccUan.o„.. '■""'"" '"' '''^''^"•^'^ ^° '"' "it'^rruption of trade conld be jiistiHed tliere under tho«e territorial claims. '. WliMrr the Hudson'.^ Bay Compan,/ war wurnnilr,! in utukiiui ,t (inint to L„nl Sr/kirk as on,' oj their owu Iml,,, of the inonen.^e district of territor;/ deseril,ed in Gmrrnor MeDoneU's Proelaina- tcon. uotwdhstanduu) the opposition of part of the proprietors of Stoeh ; and after makinq such (rrunt, has the Company any ri,jht to e.vereise their jnrisdivtion in appointing Gorernors and other offi. eers over that district; or can the;/,, rant or transfer su,-h power to his Lor,lshipl If yon should be of opnuon fh,d the yrant to his Lordship is illey,d,or unwarranted by the Charter, what measures ought to fie fid:en to set aside the savw ? ' !,> The validity of the Grant to Lord Selkirk may be considered both as it affects the members of the Company and the iniblic at large. If, contrary to our opinion, the land and territory in question were xvithin the Grant, then the Grant of so larye a portion of territory as that of Lord Selkirk, bein- not less than 11 0,000 square miles, mij,d.t perhaps .seem an abu.^e of the Charter, which .night justify the interference of the Crown. Because, though the ( Company might have a right to make Grants of land, such Grants must be for the promotion of, or at least must be consistent with, the object of the Institution. \int the Grant to Lord Selkirk tends to an establishment independent of the Company, inconsistent with the purposes of their Listitu- tion and its eflect : erecting a sub- monopoly in one person, to the detriment both of the Company and of the public. The Company could confer no pow.;r upon Lord Selkirk to appoint Governors, Courts of 20 Ju.stice, ov exercise any independent authority, nor could they, directly or indirectly, transfer their authority to him, to be exercised by him in his .,wn name. Supposing the Grant of land to be such a Grant as falls within the power of the Company to make, their superior lordship and authority would continue us before, and must be exercised through them. . -'■''• l''/'f^"' the jurisdiction given by the Act of 4,3rd George ///., to tlie Canadian Courts of C^'tmtnal Jndmdnre, extends to the Terril,u-ies of the Hu,lscms Bay Company, so as to entitle those (ourts to try and punish offences committed within those territories. And whether Governor McDonell and Mr. Sj,eneer, hts Sheriff can legally be tried before the Canadian Courts for the offence with which they now .stand charged I 1' 'it..tt ''■' ,. '^''"'■''; ''""■- "° '''"'°" ^'^ ''""^^ t''^^ "'•'^•"'^'-'■^ '-i^tually cmnnitted in the territories and districts in oo Mr. s,.a„ki.^|l>sp.d.' where no court of Ju.iicature is or ever has been established, might, in point of juri.sdiction, HrouKl,;.;,,, , I'-Kally be tried by the Courts of Canada, under the 43rd Geo, IIL, cap. 1:}S ; and indeed, unless this Chlrt'r,'''":'''^!'''*^^ was within the provi-sions of that Act, wc cannot discover what territory was meant to be im. incbued 111 It, but we think that though the jurisdiction might be capable of being supported, the acts done by Messrs. McDonell and Spencer could not be deemed larceny, and that they, or others acting in ■similar eircumstances, ought not to be indicted or brought to a trial for the crime of larceny They acted, perhaps erroneously, upon a c:laiin of territorial dominion, and of exclusive commercial privilege and may be liable to be proceeded against as for a tresp,Lss or other injury to person or property ; but we' think they could not bo properly convicted on a charge of felony. ¥l>- I^>t competent to the Governors and other officers already appointed, or that may be appointed .n by the JIadsons Bay Company, to seize and bring to trial b,fore their Courts of Judictture. Jlis Majesty s (anadmn subjects who may l>e f-und trading within the Company's territories, for infrinq- ing the Company's monopoly, or for committing any other alleged crime or offence / Supposing the Charter of the Company vali,l, and the districts in dispute to be within their limits we should st.U doubt whether the Go\ernorand Company have lawtul power, by the Charter, to establish Courts for tlie trial by the laws of England of offences committed therein. That power the Company ,a%e never yet attempted to exercise, though nearly 150 years have elapsed since they procured their Charter. But ,f they should still possess this extraordinary power without further authority, le.rislative or legal, we should nevertheless think that no courts there established would Imvo authority tn'^rv and punish as an ottence, the act of going there simply ; which, if the grant be legal, could amount ilt the tq Ihv St I'D (7,s\ mill not being inter.lictod n'gions. Of sse territorial claims. '/■(//// (t) Liird Selkirk, us r Mcl)o)i('irt< J\vil(i)na- 11(1 (tflcr iiu(ktii(j such loveriiors unil other offi/- ')? If i/oa should be of u-hdt measurci^ ought to L'cts the members of the 10 in the Grant, tlicn the an 110,000 square miles, of the Crown. Because, 1st bo for the jiromotion liriint to Lord Selkirk irposcs of their In.stitu- li of the Company and nt Governor-s, Courts of 20 directly, transfer their it of land to be such a p and authority would ■e Canadian Courts of U, so as to entitle those er Gorenwr McDoneli the offence vnth which ritories and di.stricts in qq 1 jioint of jmisdiction, iiid indeed, unless this bory was meant to be iig supported, the acts ey, or others acting in me of larceny. Tiiey commercial privilege, n or property ; but we that may he appointed ^q s of JudieiUure, His rritorics, for infring- je within their limits e Charter, to establish power the Company ) they procured their authority, legislative ftiithority to trv. .and ^ould amount at the kq 157 most only to a misdemeanour or contempt of the King's lawful autliority, to bo prosecuted at the suit of His Majesty. iJut the Charter itself seems to tuke the olienee, as far as the ( '(iniiiaiiy are eijneeriied, out of the jurisdiction nf tlie local Courts, by (ill(!gally inileed; prescriliiiig certain forfeitures, and declar- i"g (i'agc 12) " that every the said otfenders, for their said contempt, to sutler sueli punishment as to us, our heirs and .successors, .shall .seem meet or eon veil ieiit, ami not to be in anywise delivered until tliey and every of them .shall beeome liound unto the said (iovernor for the time being, in the .sum of £1,000 at least, and no time thereafter to trade,' etc. A subsequent elau.se (page 16), authorizes the .seizing and sending to England tho.so who come into their territories without authority. It seems, tiierefore, that the Courts in question would have no jjower to tiy, as an otl'ence at Common Law, the mere coming into 10 tlie Company's territories contrary to tlie prohibition in the Letters Patent, which point out other modes of proceeding, and legally confer no other powers applicable to the case. If the question wore merely a (jnestion of boundary between two acknowledged adjacent colonies or provinces, it might perhaps be tleteriniiiod l>y the King in Council, where we apprehend such a juris- diction is vested, anpruheiid, bo tried directly by Scire Facias, or, incidentally, in actions of trospa.ss, which, however, might still leave other main points undecided ; and the Company might perhaps be capable of retaining some part of what has been granted to them, ano™ton, the British Minister had been nrade and thif Gove nment had ten W .""r"""" "" •"'''""'"■• ^"°"-'--''I° P'^^-ess details, winch .lece.itated Z; ^a"! ^ b^^ .Xd ^"l^^'^^^'^^.'^-^-^^^- -- -^'^ -.-terin,: the time past with the Oovennnent a.fent in Fn l^ni an M ^^'Z''""- "^ ^^'^ ^''" ^°'"» "" f"^' «"'»« the infbrn,ation on that subject^ni ts probable ul ^ T '" '^^l'^^'^' ^^ '"• '"^^ ^'''''''^' ensuing summer or fall. ^ ^ '^' "'" l'^*^'^'"" ""^'^^ ^^' ^i^PO-^^'l of in the 30 18th February, 1878 f .Sm J, „. i M..c.„.VAu>.-Wl,o a,, the c„m„,i,sf„„e„, r I f„,got them n,„v B..zi:::^:'^^f^rz""'''°''- '"'■''■ '"■ ^^"■"°'' '»'^- ^i»te„.„t-a„ve™o. „, Ne„ 7tii May, 1878.+ (In the Committee.) 22. iZt'so/mZ, That a sum not exceeding Fifteen thmiBnn,] uii i , , n!^^i^^._>^ithe^O,^»™B»^^ * Otticial Report of Dobatoa, 1877, p. 98. ' ' ~ ~ — t OfHciul Report of Dobatns. 187ft Vn' T t- "^^ J Journals Houae of Commous (Cunada), May 7th, 1878, p. 282. 40 loD Saskatchewan country, \y (ifieririiT a favoniMe ly, it .seems appropriate and tlio Artliabaska, as )t) superficial miles. Its is about 1)00 miles, and I'eace River, about 700 'ince, is much to be de- 10 im tlio loss of territory, the Disputed Territory, ! niass of the people of it at all on the subject t FEBRUARY, 1877* of the question of the 20 had been appointed— by tlie Government of t, he resigned, and the e. An undeistanding 1, the British Minister ( onsiderable pron-ress use and masterini,^ the sen going on for some ete, as far as possible, )e disposed of in the 30 f the Xorth- Western i the third arbitrator, ■ntlemen to meet, but ■ after the session. nt-Governor of Now 40 Dominion ? to Her Majesty to (', 1879. DEBATE IN THE HOUSi-: OF COMMONS (CANADV), ISrn FEBRUARY, ISSO, CONCERNING ONT..Kto BOUNDARY BETWEEN ONTARIO ANb UNORGANIZED TERRITORIES a.-pen^i>ix. OF THE DOMINION. ' ^,^1. House of CiiminonH, On Motion of Mr. Dawson " That a Select Committee be appointed to enquire into, and report to this House, upon all matters IS)/'*'''' connected with the boundaries between the Province of Ontario and the unorganized territories of the Dominion," Hon. Mr. McDonald, Minisfer of Jud'ice : Now, the only embarrassment, if embarrassment shoidd be felt on the subject — a subject so important to the whole Dominion and to the Government having 10 charge of the inteiests of the Dominion, when we are reijuireil to abandon a tract of territory large enough to constitute a province equal, as was remarked by the honourable member for Algonia, to the territory of all the lower pi'ovinces — -I say, if any embarrassment should be felt, it would be from the high standing, the higli chaiacter, and the great learning of the gentlemen whose award will prolmbly be under review of the committee sought for by this resolution. But it does appear to me that this House would be wanting in its duty to the country if it allowed any d(!eision, coming from men, how- ever eminent, to control tlie interests of the country and to deprive the Dominion of its territory, if in their opinion the decision arrived at was erroneous — not wilfuUj' erroneous, for no one would imagine for a moment that either of tlie eminent men who composed this tribunal, could come to any decision that was not dietateil by the purest motives and, I have no doubt, by the most searching en(piiry. * * 20 If T rect)llect aright, in the able report of the honourable member for Bothwell (Mr. Mills), made at the instance of the Ontario Government, he challengeil the validity and force of a judgment bearing on this question given in the Supreme Court of Quebec, on the ground that, at the time the judgment was given, all the facts and circumstances, which have since become available — largely through the industry of the honourable gentleman himself — were not put before the court. Very well, as it is stated on the authority of the honourable member for Algoma, that such information is still open for consideration, I do not really think that the admitted authority of the Arbitrators ought to induce this House to abstain from further enquiry and investigation. * » * * » * « There is another reason why I think the Committee ought to be granted, and that is, that many of us think that the conclusion at which that Conunission arrived was not justifiable by the evidence. I SO say this with the gi'catest possible diffidence,' but I am bound to express the opinion which I entertain, and entertain very strongly, though I do so with diffidence, as indeed every lawyer would who felt him- self obliged to differ from the opinion of so eminent an authority as Chief Justice Harrison. * * 40 AREA OF PROVINCES OF THE DOMINION AS PER CENSUS OF 1881, p. 96 Prince Edward Island 2,133 Nova Scotia 20.907 New Brunswick .' 27.174 Quebec 188,688 Ontario 101,733 Manitoba .^ 123,200 British Columbia . .* 341,305 Territories 2,665,252 Total 3,470,392 Square miles, uare Miles. Area of JDiiminion by ■ Provinces. '■' (( ;l (( ■1 (( H (( 4C uare miles. t 1 Ontario Ari'ENon. Sru. IV. JUisccllanroun. Populatiim l)y Provinces, 1881. 160 POPULATION OF THE PROVINCES OF THE DOMINION, CENSUS 1881, PAGES 96-7. Prince Edward Island 1 08,891 Nova Scotia 440, ')72 New Brunswick 321,2.'5;3 Quebec 1,;}59,027 Ontario 1,923,228 Manitoba 05,954 British Columbia 49,459 Territories sq 44tj • — ' Total 4,324,810 10 MEMORANDUM AS TO THE FURNISHING COPIES OF THE DOCUMENTARY EVIDENCE TO THE ARBITRATORS. Memo, as o Copies of Judge Rnmsay's Report and of the Ontario Book of Documents were sent by the Domin- Evidence lon Government to Sir Edward Ihornton, on the 17th October, 1876 ; and to Sir Francis Hincks, at furnislicd i\., Arbitrators, ''"^ le time of his appointment, which was some mouths before the meeting of ihe Arbitrators. ' 3 ! I 381, PAGES 96-7. ?,891 ),-)72 .,2.S3 1,027 ,228 i,!).54 t,459 1,446 <,810 10 TARY EVIDENCE i sent by the Domin- r Francis Hineks, at 'bitrators. ONTARIO APPENDIX INDEX. (See also the same mibjects in I ikUx to the Joint Appendi.c.) ABBITIBI, Lake, Post, other than Fort Abbitibi.tTecteil l.y the Fieiioli on iiortli-«-cat sli f of, unU posts on, marked on maps Nos, 33, 58 lTo;i, 1 ABBITIBI, Post AM) Fort, on the aaniu hike, Imilt hy du Troy,.s r'howii on miips Nos. 18, X), 58, 73, 70, 1((4, 108, l!2a, l'J4, 129, 1:!0, 155 includbil in the yrimt to La Conipngnie dii Noid, by Letters Patent from tlie King petition of the Company to the King, for leave to continue its management. . ACHIPONAI, Tkibe, attend St. Lnsson, Sto. Marie dn Sank and place themsolvoB and tlioir cnuntry under (lie ihiminiiin ol' Krance ADAYES, M^. jION of THK, nine leagues tVom CadiiilaiiidDiis, in Louisiana AGREEMENT of Counsel of Ontario and Manitoija, aa to tlie maps and doeiiments to be sub- mitted in evidence to tlie .Judicial Committee ALBANEL, Fathek Charles, employed in the instruction o( the Indian Nations dei)Uted by the Intondant Talon to take possession of Hudson's Bay and the Northern Lands and Seas takes formal possession accordingly, with tlie consent of the Indian nations ALEXANDER, Sir William, his charter of the Lordsliip and Barony of Now Scotland, from Janies I Novodamns charter of New Scotland, from ChurluB I his charter of tlie Country and Lordship of Canada ALIBAMONS, Tribe, allies of the English cue ALIBAMONS, a civil and military division of Louisiana ALLEGHANY Mountains, marked as eastern lioundary of French pos.sessions in maps Nos. 77,120 1747,1763 ALLOUEZ, Rev. Claude, in charge of a religious establishment at Green Bay present at the taking possession of the countries of the west and north by St. Lusson AMIK0UET8, Tribe, M. Perrot and St. Lusson spend tlie winter among the attend St. Lusson at Sault Ste. Marie place themselves and their country under dominion of France AMOUR, Gulf of. Father Bobe's theory in regaul to was believed to divide Asia from America unk ANCIENT Fort, on the west bank of tiie Ba^'ouagache, erecteil by Du Luth, shown on map No. 120 ANDRE, Father, a French Jesuit witnesses the taking possession at Sault Ste. Maiie by St. Lusscui ANNEAU, Perb, Jesuit, with Verendrye's expedition is slain with the party on the Lake of the Woods ARBITRATION on the Boundaries of Ontario. proceedings in the House of Commons, Canada, as to the [)iogrcs8 of and as to the Arbitrators, appointed for the same $15,000 granted to mef t tlie expenses of debate as to the Arbitr»'ors ARBBE CROCHE, L', near Miohillimackinao, seat of the Mission of St. Ignace ARC, Gens Db L'. See Bowmen. ARKANSAS District, a civil and military divicion of Louisiana in FoKT, built in BiTBR, reached by Marquette and Joliet ■faown iu Marqueiie's map, No. 14 D'lberrille suggests the buildtng of a fort on DNTAHl" Appendix. Yeak. Paok. 1703 101 'm, 1733 101, urn l(i8(; 7, KU ii;.HH-i77" 98-125 16U5 7 1698 ■^ 7 1671 6 1671 6 171« 10 1884 iii 6 ;t)72 0-7 1672 i 1621 79 1625 86 1628-9 91 1723 10 1723 30 7, 1763 109, lao 1668 42 1671 6 1670-1 5 1671 6 5 1718 13 1718 13 118 6 1671 C 17 1736 17 1877 IDS 1878 1.58 1878 158 1880 159 49 1723 30 1685 30 1673 97 le'fj 97 1702 8 n\ Iiiilex. 162 AipENnn. ARROW-SMITH, A., map No. 179 i ; Index, prepared by, inscribed to tlie Hudson's Bay Company fhews Upper Canada, as extendinx north of ilit Height of Lund indicates uo bouudaiy between Hudrfon'd Bay and C'anu. ii ARROWSMITH, J., m»p No. 18G, prepared ty-furnislied by thoHndson's Bay Cv'nipany . . . . shows the ttrriloriul claims of the Company at this date ordered by the House of C'Uinioni to be printed ASSINIBOINE, EiVEK, Verendrje builds Foit de !a Keine on ..'...'..'.'. .^ ..... .. shown on de hi Gemeraye'a map. No. 63 ^in was a route of the French to the Upper Missouri ante ASSINIBOINES (Assinipcelles-b.els-polis-ponals-ponhik-boih s), a great tribe of the North- Weft, attend St. Lussim at the Sa>dt Sle. Marie aud place thpuiselvi-s and country under dominion of France route ( o their 0. puntry by the Pigeon or the Kanmiiistiquia River, w.ll known,"u»ft it IS depicted on Marquette's autograph map of 1073 and on another map of 1680 M. de la Veren.^rye resolves to establisli himself witli them Lakk of the, other name for part of Lake Winuiije!-. ATHABASCA Distkict, continuously traded in by the French up to 17(!3 (Juint App.) Messrs Henry and Frobisher make an expedition to * ocoiipied by the North-West Company ......!!!!!!!.. a department of that Company . . ^ an^i- it:, "hite population in ^'"' epiesented on the French maps of Bnache, Janvier and Vaugondy, 1754, Fort Chippewayau built on, by North-West Company .' ' < perati.ins of the Canadian traders at j 1 AGOUAGACHE River, a tributary of Lake Superior, a little east of the Nepigon an old fort of Du LHut's built on, shown on map No. 120 BALlilE FoKT, at the mouth of the Mississippi, erected bv D'lberville . ,.,',). BANABEOUIK Tki be, attend St. Lusson at Sault Ste. Marie ' ....!.... place themselves under dominion of France Rtv^^T?,^?^^ A''"t* *"'' '"'""^^ '" f^""'^'*"^' ^-i^'ted by D-lberviUe,' Bienville ami le Sueur in BAYE DLS P['AN1S. Hee Lu Baiie. BAYEUL, Ensw.n Ca.met, commandant and farmer of the Post of the Ouiatanons .. BEAUBASSIN , M. De, commandant of Chagouamigon BEAUHARNOIS, M. Charlks De, Governor of Canada, succeeds Countde Frontenac as' does much to encourage exploration and discovery patronizes the Verendryes ai)points M. de Noyelles to pursue the discovery of the western sea BEAUHARNOIS DE BEAUMONT, M. Claiue De, brother of t'hu Governor .'.'..... ".[ takes part in d'Iberville's expedition to the Mississippi BEAUX-HOMMES, Tribe, near the sources of the Missouri " . ..... . ' . . [' \\ visited by the Verendryes BEAVER Lake, nortli of Sturgeon Lake, traversed by Henryaliil the Frobisliers '. . . .... ".'.' '.'.'.'. who irect a trading post on its banks the party tvintei- there and do a large trade Mr. Finlay had had a post here many years prior to ^^fx^^f!^' ^'"''"' *''" '^"""'''" ^■''1'1'"'«'-' ''"Ivances eastward to reach tli'e Western Sea and America BIS.LL, Peter, notes on his map of the Britisli Dominions in America BELLESTRE, Lirctexant, furmor of Furt Minimis (Miamis River) BELLIN, M. JAcgi-KS Nicolas, French Geographer and Engineer, notes on bis Maps Nos! 68.9, 1 0-3, ltJ6 Bi'IRTHET, M., Commandant of the Ilhnois his letter to Sieur Lachine of Ouiatanons BIENVILLE, M. De, Governor of Louisiana arrives at Bayagoulas T.,..,vp ,, "'''^''''' *^^ buikling of Fort St. Louis de Carlorette on the 'ijj.i River of' the Smith BIOOI, M., Intendant of C nala, forms with G ,vernor de la Jom,uiere an as.sociati.m for the discovery of the Weste.n Sea and for developing tin Posts of the North-Wes> BILOXI, Fort, erected by D'lberville .U.ONDKL, M, iii command at Fort Natohitoohes 111 BLOtJD Indians, a tribe of the North-West, traded with Mr. Henry ... . . ... . . ... .... . " ." ." ' [ . . Ybar. Paob. 170S 129 129 189 1857 186 186 186 1788 17 1740 107 1740 107 1671 6 6 1673 97 97 07-8 172H 12-13 1776 52 73 1806 69 1806 69 176-', 1771 114, 119,122 56 1775 66 118 1750 118 1699 31 1671 6 6 1700 9 1757 26 1757 28 1725 13 13 1728-44 13-14, 19,20 1744 20 • 13 1699 13 18 174S 1«, 28 1775 52 52 1776-6 52 1776 52 14 1772 122 1757 26 1 743-5-) 107-15 1747 24 1747 24 1700-18 9,30 1700 9 1719 30 1750 81 1699 31 1718 10 1808 ro-3 Ybar. Paob. 17U6 129 129 1S9 • t • • 1857 160 180 186 .... 1738 17 .drv 1740 107 anil- 1740 107 orth- 1«71 6 6 un'.e l(i73 97 97 07-8 1728 12-13 1776 62 78 ant'' 1800 69 1800 69 1754, 176->, 1771 114, 119,122 56 1775 66 118 1750 118 i-iir 1699 31 1671 6 6 ir in 1700 9 1757 26 .... 1757 28 ... 1725 13 13 1728-44 13-14, 19,20 1744 20 la 1699 13 18 1741 IS, 88 1775 52 62 1775-6 52 1776 52 I'lca 14 1772 122 1757 26 ^-9, • 1743-,'i,j 107-15 1747 24 1747 24 1700-18 9,30 1700 9 ith 1719 30 the 1750 21 1699 31 1718 10 .... 1S08 70-3 163 BLUE RiVEit, a western tributary of the Mi.iao Split Lake. marked cm map No. 123 jy^o (faul l similiif Liiwii. marked in maps Nos. 70. 9(i. 00, 103. 116, 137, 168, 159, 108, 173.,.. 1722-86 I'll .Mitflntr.1 Line. u[>l>onn innmpH Ni>b. 101. 105. 110. 114, 120, 129, 130,132 133 l''i , ,. '"-'f'^-, :....' 1766-78 '.i-tn»ti)\,i iiirlifinitrhi iivrtlnniid of thi- liriyht of Iniiil. marked in maps 179. 180. 185 17)(6-1815 Wknteun, Ihr MixsUiii,})! fn,,,, ,7,, sowce to its junetioii with Ihv Ohio. in maps Nor. 145, 146(/, /., ,-, 150, 151, 107, 170 1775-83 the .v)i/)r, s of lh>' .If wiiijfi;);)! Hiwr. .so marked on Miij) No. 110 , ^;,.^ y^f^ iwrloili'f Ijokf ll'iiiiiipcr]. so niarkwl in maps Nos.lOO, 141. 173 1760- "■• the limit nf ilinrorrni, or ioilrfiiiif'ely iredwiml. so markod'on maps Nos. 1, 3, 5f/, 15, 21-2, 25, 29, 36, 37, 42, 50 52 59, (il, 02. 0,5, 07, 68. 77-0, 9.3-4, 106, 122, 138, 143, 174, I75' 177-8.180,182,186 1632.18O2 j/i'' limit of thr iD'ip. in Nos. .5, 0, 8. 18. 3.3-4. 51, 54, 72, 70, 101, 100, 110, 112, 118 ls:5-0, 129, 132-.3. 1.36, 146, 150, 170, 181. 18,3. 184 1062-1800 ■ the Wmfrni Sco. so marked in maps Nos. 31, 40. 76. 81, 82, 96, 96 97 103 I ''4 143 14.3, 10.3 100, 108 .'....;..:.;..,".■ 1700-82 regarded hy Fioiichettc .rspxteiidioK *<> the Pacific igi5 SoUTH-Wk.-^II.KS AM> SotTIIKH.N, thi' iiortlii-rii limits of Ancient Florirla. so marked on maps," Nos. 10, .36, .37, and 77 .* 1662-1747 (hi-.vivthrriiii-ntcr.iherloffhrSt.Lawrevnxiiftrm. so marked in maps Nos. 51 , 124, 100 1762-80 the Ohio Hirir, irholhj or port. so marked nn Nos. 1.35, 150, 170 1763-83 an (iffecteil l„i thi: Trnity if Versailles. so niivrkcd in m.ips Nos. 169-72 1783-5 the }totih-erifterit limit of Xev Mexico, so marked in m.aps Nos. 10, 11, 47, 66, 100 1662-17,56 the north -en.tteru n-oterfheil nf the Missouri, »o marked in maps Nos. 50, 51, 62, 64, 77, 82, 02, 08, 103, 108 1720 82 the Upper Mississippi in irhole or in part, ■0 marked on maps Nos. 125, 135, 137, 1.38, 141, 143 146 147-0 151.157,170-1, 172 : ;; i7,3_s5 /Ac uorlhern uatersheH of (he Mis.msippi RU'er, westward of Lnke Superior. 80 marked on maps Nos. 38, 124, 127, 166 ' mo^an CANADA, Dominion or, it^ .area, 3,470,392 square miles joo, Its population, 4,324,810 ° proceedings in House of Commons of, concerning the Arbitration as to the Boundary and the Arbitrators 1877-8 Paoe. 96-119 90-130 119 102 110-29 101-12 104-28 « 114-27 129-30 123-8 117 111-28 95-130 96-130 101-27 48 97-100 119-27 122-8 128 97-115 104 27 119-28 102-27 169 160 168 Ykak. 1763-85 1877-8 Paob. 95-119 . ifir,2-i8ir) 96-130 t7<)2 110 1709 102 1749-94 110-29 1703-62 101-12 1722-86 104-28 1765-78 114-27 17!<5-1815 129-30 1775-83 123-8 1766 117 1750"- 111-28 95-130 96-130 1700-82 101-27 1815 48 1662-1747 97-109 1762-80 119-27 1763-83 122-8 1783-6 128 1662-1756 97-115 1720-82 104 27 119-28 1712-80 102-27 1881 169 1881 160 168 m iw YCAR. 1878 1880 1856 CANADA, Dominion or— Continued : appropriation in Committee of House of Common* of 815,000 to meet expenses of the Arbitration proceedings in House of Cuuimons concerning the Award uf the Arbitrntors CANADA, Uppbb, Report of the Conunissinner of Crown Lands, on the general territorial survey of CANADIAN Enterprise in the Nortii-Wf.st after the Conquest 1761-1819 Henry's travels in Canada and the Indian Territories 1761-76 Capt. Carver's travels in tlie North- West 1766-8 Sir A. Mackenzie's history of the fin- trade 17li6-98 Thomi)snn's surveys of the North- Wust Co.'s posts 1796-8 Henry's journal of travel in the North- West, and across the Rocky Mountains to the Pacific 1799-1816 ("ion. Pike's account nf the operations nf the North-Wcst Company. , . . 1806-7 CARPE, Lai' a I..*, included in the Post of the Neiiigons 17^7 CARTERET, Sir G.. the Duke of York's patents to, as iitfecting the rinhls of I'ostliniiiiy. . .arc lfifi4, 1674 CARVER, Capt., Travels of, in the Nortli-West '. CHAGOUAMIGON (La Pointi;), Fort, on S. W. shore of Lake Supirior Mission dn St. Esprit OKtablished at, and a uttlcuicut forme 1 i" did a lonsiderabto fur tiade in frequented by Outiit;nini, Saki, OutawftH, Huron and Illinois Indiani. . .antt Hnrona and Otiawas settled there is visiteil by the Saidteux Indians in commanded by M. de Heaubasiin in farmed l)y Sienr do St. Luc till . 1766.S 1661 16fi8 lfi«8 1671 1757 1757 1768 shown on maps Nos. 14,33, 73,79 1673-1747 visited by Mr. Henry, the Canadian grantee of the Lake Superior fur trade 1766 CHAMPLAIN, SlEfu pe, notes on his map (No. 1,) ,,f New France 1638 CHAOL'ANONS, Tribe, on the eastern borders of Louisiana, allies of the English CHARLEVOIX, Pere, presents to tlio Frk Canada, La, supposed U> have originally erected Fort Dauphin, rirr royal grant to, of the dependencies of that part of Hudson's Hay which comprisoH the Posts of Abbitibi ami Nenilacau they petition for leave to continue to manage these deppudfiicioa COMPAGNIE ii'OcciDENT, their trading operations on Lake Mistassin itnlr COQUART, Pkhi, a companion of M. de la Verondrye proposes an expedition by the Missouri and across the Rocky Mountains, fi.i the discovery of the Western Sea imdertB-ken by de Marin, by command of LaJonqui^re and Bigot. ...circ CORNE, FoBT LA, (St. Louis, Nepawi), on the Saskatchewan, erected by M. de la t'orno eirr held by the French till the cession •vidences of a French agricultuial sc illoimint at, ronmining in M. Luc LA, succeeds de St. Pierre in the Po.sfs nt tlic West commandant of Michillimackinac ant^ e."tablishes post Fort a la Coine on the Saskatchewan COBONELLI, Pbue, Gkooraphbh, of Venice, notes on five of his maps COURTOIS, Denis, evidence of, as to French occupation of Prairie du Chian COUTROL, Lieut., commandant at Green Bay and inanager of the trade there for the Farmers of the revenue CRBES, Tkibe. (See also amu»«aiw.) have a battle with the traders at Fort Montague D'Aigle opf ose Mr. Henry's supplying the Slave Indians with arms, and duclaro war upon his party CREUXIO, P. Fbanci.sco, notes on his map of New France CREVECCEUR, Fort, on the Illinois hivcr. built by L;i Salle , (marked on Franquelin's map No. 18) CROSSE, Isle a la, visited and traded at by Mr. Frobishur anir. CUGNET, M., the Farmer of Kaministinuia nDtr CUMBERLAND House, on Sturgeon Lake, built by Hearno for the Hudson's Bay Company . . their first establishment in the North- Wust CURRY, THOMA.S, one of the tirst to renew the trade of the French wiMi tlio western Indians makes a trading expedition to Fort Bourbon on the Saskatchertan his Buccoss encourages others to follow DABLON, Father Claude, Superior of the Missions, witnesses the taking possi ^^sion by St. Lusson at Sault Ste. Marie ^ D'ANVILLE, SiEUR, authorof mapNo. 76 ' his maps copied by Jcfferys ei uL, 9!>, 135 DAUPHIN, Foet, supposed to have been originally erected by La Compagnie du Nord de Canada ante shown on maps Nos. 27, 60, 84 re-established by Verendrye ante mentioned by Jefferys as the fith French post under the Governor of Canada west of Lake Superior DAVIS STRAITS, New France shown as extending northward lo, in Murcator's Atlas, English ed. DEBATE, in the House of Lords, on a proposal to repeal the Quebec Act of 1774 in the House of Cfimmons, Canada, concerning the boundary arbitration between Ontario and the unorganized territories of the Dominion DEBONNE, Sl«UR, receives, in conjunction with Sieur de Repentigny, a grant of Sault Ste. Marie as an hereditary seigniory ani* VlAR, 1780 1757 Paob. 66 177M 6 B8 1688 fiS 1770 51 33 1747 83 1754 114 114 «9, 7:» in!)5 lOll iflU6 7 1698 7 I7.TI 106 21 IT.-iO 81 1761 31 1753 n, 70 I7ti3 68 l,'i08 70 1 -.'):» 28 1747 33 JTS.-} 70 8-H. -M, 2',), 30, 111, 133, 34, 42, It), 47, 00, 51, 02, 53, o . 1 propoieil line of boundary of Iludton » Hay after Treaty of I'trecht, laid down on hia map No. 33 iippturB, also, wholly or in pBrt, in N08. 37, 50- 1, 70, 03-4, 06, 08 UliTRCUT, F0.1T A.Nii Fort, thu fntrfjjdt of ihe Smitliern Post-, Boiigainville'ri glnwiii|{ iluacriplion of thu cliniutc and soil of the region h.id 11 itiiinaii'liint, garrison, cti.'., and about IIX) habitationH hi Mackeiizii' and (iregnry trailing at mitr KivEH, exteimive French settleiiu'nt6 on banks of, in DUBBy, Akthih, iiiap(Xo. 74) in hiB work showing the north-went couulrieii, as described by Joseph La Franco UUMINION OF CASAUA. See Oimuh. Dumiuiun uf. DURVALS, Maisun osa, French post on soutiiwesl shore of L. Mistassin, built ci»i(e .sliown on mapa Nos. 33, 57, 69, 155 DREUILLETTE.S, Father OabriiiL, witnesses the taking possession at Suult Ste Marie, by St. Lusson DU L'HL'T, SiEVK, vicits the Sioux country towards tlie sources of the Mississippi in command at Green Bay ci/c DUNN, Samuel, English Matlieinatician, etc., author of Maps Nos. 142-3 Dl'QUESNE, Foht, at the junction of tlic Oliiu and Monongahela i"i'« DUTCH SETTLEMENT ok New Netuerla.nu Dl'TISNE, M., explores the Minsouri, and visits tlio tribes of tliat valley travels to the Usages and PaniM villages by land takes formal possession of tin; country of the Padoucalis Dl'VAL, P., (ieograplior to the King, notes on liis Maps of the Ciiristiau World, Virginia, Florida, New Mexico, Canada IpAST MAIN House, at th« mouth of East Main River, built by the H. B. Ci ■^ had very little trade, owing to the French establishi.ienta ou the Rupert aittf it circ. its trade almost wholly controlled by the French at Neniiscau River (Hudscm's ov Caiuisc or Slude) marked in Moll's Map (No. 67.) as tlie northurn boundary of Canada shown as the Southern Boundary of Labrador or New Britain, in Dunn's Map ESTOTILANDE ou Terre oe Labkadok kt Noi'vbllk Bretaoxe, shown on maps Nos. and 23.. the boundaries and extent of, according to Ogilby FOND i>i Lac, Mr. Henry, trading at the North- West Company's trading post at FOX River, ascended by Miiniiiette and .Toliot, '■/! route to tlie Mississippi an accustomed route (jf the French to the l.'pper Mississippi FOXES, Tribe, inhabited country in vicinity of Oreeii Bay some trade at Chagonamigon visited by Perrot defeated and almost exterminated by the French and Chippewas, at Lr Butte des Morts their country regarded by La Harpe as part of Canada circ. FRANCE, .To:sEPH La, A French Canadian Indian, information furnished by for map (No. 74) of the North- West countries, published by Mv. Dobbi FRANKLIN, Dr. Benja.mix, Extracts fiinii his letters to his son his project for the colonization of the Illinois FRANQUELIN, .Iean Bafti.st Louis, Hydrographo du Roi, k Quebec, his map of North America (No. 18) FRASER River, its head waters traversed by Sir A. Mackenzie FRENCH POLICY in the settlement of the new countries : traders go and reside among the Indians t<) send missi(jiiarios ti> the natives, and assist and sustain them with soldiers to get possession of all water communications to establish posts at all important passes to make agricultural settlements at the posts which gave rise to those at Detroit, Miohillimaokinac, in the Mississippi and niinoia countries ....« YlA Paot. 100 UHTAIIO W5 . KK 1703 l! 1 1710-52 i-l-i 1707 ia 1757 «0 1757 20 1778-83 67 1760 54 1744 1741 1U8 1703 101 1703-77 101 26 1671 1678 98 1684 42 1774 129 1757 26 131 1719 9 1719 9-10 1719 10 1662 96-7 110, 140 1747 33 1749 33 107 1774 123 1662-90 96,99 1671 46 1766 61 1806 74-6 1673 39 1673-1763 39 1668-1788 42 1668 36 1671 6 1706 42 1723 10 1744 108 1766-8 134 1766 134-6 1688 98 63 63 8-9 140 140 140 Indti 140 ^1 i Ohtabio ArriHDiz. lain. 168 Teuu FRENCH POSTS— thuM MUblithvU by the Vartndrjrti and thwir tucceuuii in th« NurthWuit 1731-&U Col. Je Bougalnvilltt'* aocuuut uf theMt and uf t)ii» uth»r Franoli trading putta 1767 Jaffer}'!' account of thoiu of the North-Weit 1701 refer«no«t to t)ieie by «ubt«quent travelUn In thu North-Wait :— Mr. Henry Carver Surveyor Tliompion Mackenzie ". , Henry'i Journal Michigan Conimiuioiieri' Keport For furtlior reforences, nee pp, 7, 33, 34, 30-7, 311, 42. Northern Posts. See Abbitibi, Maiion dei DorvaU, Miitaaain, Mooau (poati on thu), N'emiacau, St. Uurinaiu ; alau, the inland poata referred to in thu Hudaon'a Bay Company'a Memorial of 17&(>, p. 34. — Kamania- tiquia, Nepiguii, I.,atourette, Michipicoten und Michitliniackiuac, mon- tioned under other headinga, may alao be regarded aa Northern Poata, having been the entrep6ta of a large trade with the Northern Indiana. Nokth-VVest. Seo St. Pierre, St. Charlea, Maurepaa, Rouge, La Heine, Bois (Pointa du), Dauphin, Bourbon, Poalcoiac, La Corne, Dea Prairiea, La Jonquibre, Sioux (Poat of the). UrpER Mississippi and Tributaries. See St. Nicolaa (and Prairie du Chien), St. Antoine, Le Sueur, Perrot, Bonaecoura, L'Huillier, St. Cruix. The Illinois Country, Posts and Settlements of. See Chartrea, Kaakaakiaa, Cahokia, Prairie du Rooher, St. Phillippe, CrSvecceur, Pimiteoui (Peoria). Upper Lakes. See Kamaniatiquia, Chaguuumigon, Nepigon, Latourette, Michipicoten, Sto. Marie du Sault, Michilliinackinac, La Baye, Chicagou, St. Joaeph ; alao the Miasiona du St. Eiprit, St. Ignace and St. Francois Xavier. SuuiUERN Posts. See La Preaentation, Frontenac, Niagara, Prusiiu' Isle, Le Bceuf, Maohault, Du Queane, Ouiatanon, Miamia, Detroit (de Pont- uhartraiu). FRONTENAC (Cataraqui), Fobt, Col. de Bougainville'a account of 1767 FUR TRADE. ordinance of the French King requiring all peltries to he bruuglit to Quebec 1083 d'Iberville'a scheme for its development rvnd diversion to the Mississippi 1702 monopolized by the French on the Mooae und Kust Main, in 1747 the trathc at certain posts retained by tlie King for his own benetlt, und to preserve the alliance of the Indians autt 1757 system of farming at the other posts by diatricta for which liceusea are granted the King receives one-half the license fee the residue at the disposal of the (iovemor-Oeneral for gratuities inatances of tlie profits arising from Bougainville's account of the districts or posts its condition about the Upper Lukes and in the North-West, before and after the cession . . 1703 Mackenzie's History of the its extent under the French ((iictiii^ Ihu W^itcrii Si'ti mtiuti M. (Id til Vcriauliyi' iit Mioliilliiniukiiiiti' . 1728 whii«)i |>r<>jt>ct ltd |iiv Lakk Hitkuiou. lifh^i'ii luiiwium to tho H.H.W. of Kaimuiiiitiquia tht.' vovitu of tliu Norlli-WuKl truiloi'H invoUuH an ovdiIuiuI traiiMport of iiiiiu miluH Vorondryo anivus at 1731 OIIEEN, F,, an Etv'llnh gooyraiiliur, notes on hiH map (No. lOJ) • 1763 (JREEN BAY. K we i-r.s Piants. Sun Ln liaije. (UlEEN VILLI'.. Thratv o|.'. an l)farin>,' upon tho early Fronch poMOBHion of Prairio du Chiou . . (JUItiNAH, I'KKK, Miistfi in tlio o»tabli»hniont of the Post of tho Sioux 1727 HARPE, M. Uknakd de i.a. a distinguished French oiHeer, oxtraots from his .Journal UiOO 1721 receives a concession of Cadochicpiioa, and proceeds there with fifty men 1718 builds a fort near Natchitoulios 1718-10 wlicnco ho explores the couiitry to the Rio (irande his Memonitiilum on the iminirtmiee of [.uui.tiana HEARNE, Mk.. an eniplnyee of the Hud-oii'-i Hay Company, liuilds Cinnherland House 1774 makes a jo\n'ney of discovery towards the Arctic ocean 1775 HENLEY HOrSE. represented on the Hudson's Hay Company s Map (No. 80) of 1748 HENNEPIN. Pkrk Loii.s, Map No. 17 pi tly founded on his disovories 1082 relieved by Du I'Hut from his captivity anion^ tlie Sioux HENRY'.S Joi'RNAL OF Travki, in the North-Wesl, iHOO-lHOlt French Tradint; Posts on the Ijike of tlie Wood.s and the Saskatchewan River . .unte 1703 Population of tiie North-West in his journey up tho Saskiitchowan HENRY, AtEXANnKR. travels and trading operations of. in Canada and the Indian Territories. 1701-70 his journey from Michi 11 naokinac t5 proceeds to tho North-Wost, being joined on tho way by tho Frobishers, Pond and others 1776 their operations in the Saskatcliewan, Churchill and Athabasca coiintries 1775-0 HONTAN. Baro.n La, description of the extent of Canada 1083-93 HUBERT, Connuissioner of Louisiana, favored an expedition by tho Missouri for discovering the Western Sea HUDSON'S BAY and Stuait.s, marked in t'himidain's map as part of Canada 1632 visited by Radisson and de.i Grosselliers. rin Lake Winnipeg Allianol and St. Si-nun despatched overland, and take renewed possession of. . to which the Indian nations consent the French control tl ■ interior trade and that of the Bust Miiin 1747-1750 and yet all the choice lui's, leaving the refuse for the English the French make an expedition overland, and capture one of the Company s posts on the bay Overland Routes from the St. Lawrence lo, 1. By the Suguenay, Lake Mista^isin, and the Neraiscau (Rupert) River, marked on Champlain'.4 Map (No. 1) 2. By the Ottawa, Lake Temiscamingue, and Abbitibi Lake and River (route of the Chevalier de Tioyes) 3. By the Upper Lakes, the Michipicoten and the Moose, traversed by the • Canadian military expedition to the Bay HUDSON'S BAY COMPANY— had no posts inland on Nelson or Hayes Rivei-s in ^ 1800 1808 1666 1071-2 1750 1632 1680 Paoi. 12 12 12 12- 13 13 82 28 14. 03, '>7 67. 65 C3 14 113 40 19 0, 10 9 9 9 10 61 51-2 109 98 08 68, 73 70 69 69-72 49-63 49-50 60 50-1 51 61-3 46 10 96 82 r-8 7-« 33-4 33 61-64 96 OilTAHIO ArpKNDix, 98, 71 rf and no trade with the interior . thfir servants d" not g'^ inlati'l. hut r. iiiain nf. the forts. where they girt only the heavy furs refused by the French traders. 1750 64 1747 32 32-3 1747 32-3 32-3 Index. K f'\ ?-"[ I UiJ i OSTAlill) AlM'KNIUX. Inrti'x 170 HUDSON'S BAY COMPANY -r„„^„,/,v/.- tlioir map (N... HO) h1i,.ws Forts York, Albany, Henley, Moose and East Main their iiiuiiiorial to tliu Lords of Trade thuy I'oriiiilaiii of tliu i'stiil>li.sliiiiunt of the Froncli inluiid posts and of tlio oporatioiiH of the <'iiiii-ei,i-d .les liuU within the Conipanys iilli'j,'od limits tlu'X admit that tlio limits have never been settled pursuant to the Treaty of I'trecht olienvtions of, where thov do uit cluim exclusive riglits they ereul C'limb ilaiid lluuse on Sturgeon Lake their employee, Mr. Ileiirue, discovers the Coppermine River— their only dis- covei y policy of the, averse to di-c 'Veries •. oi)iuion (if Sir A. I'igott, Mr. Spankie and Mr. Brougham, as to validity of their chiir or Hl'liON Xatio.v, some of tlie, settle and trade at Chagouamigon „,iU chiefs of, attend St. Lusson at Sault Ste. Marie and place themselves and country under dominion of France rBKRVILLK, M. i.', one of the leaders of l)e Troycs' ..verland expedition to Huds.m's Bay. . . *■ builds a fort on tlio north-east shore of the Bay of Biloxi retinns to France arriving at Bayagoulas, in Lcmisiana endeavours t-8 134 20, 35 1763 26, 30, 35-7 1673 39,97 26 1702 8 1757 25-30 1776-0 52 55-0, (iO-7, 69, 73 8 1699 8 696-1719 100-3 28 1743 88 1755 116-20 1761 36 1761 47 15, 17, 107 1671 e 1673 39 30 1673 97 21-2 > i 1768 88 171 Year. JONQUIERE, M. HE i.a, succuuds M. do In (iiilissonuii'ie hh (iov.an.ii- of Ciinadii 1749 suocouded liy Manniin Diicliusno do Monnovillo t .M'CHEUEAr, M. do, Lioiitoiiiiiit-(ioiiuriil (if Mdiitroal, oslablislioa ii I'list on tlio WaliiiHli ITDl' 17 AMANISTlyi'IA, Hhuwii en maps Nos. (10, 73, 79, H4 ITIiT .">() "■ tlio Siuitoiuix triido iit 17."i7 Siuur do la Noiio instructed to eract (f(ir I aBcond tinio) 11 jMiHt at 1717 nientiiiiiud by Jotferys as thi- first of the chain of French posts svost of l.ako Siiporior 1701 KANSES, Fditr, on tlio Missouri, under the (iovornment of New Orleans iintc 1757 HiVKii, triliiitary of tlui Missouri, o.\pU>rod by M. Dutisne 1719 'I'kihk inhaliitod tho Missouri country traded with the French at Forts Kanaes and Orleans KASKASKIAS, Tiiihk, a division of the Illinois Indians KASKASKIAS, Fokt and Vili.aoe, on the Kaskaskias River, in tho Illinois the fort liurnt, in 17(;(i tho most considerable settlement in the Illinois I7ti7 becomes tho sciit of (iov(^rnnient of the Illinrthorn lauds KICK A POOS, (-bous-pous) Tribe, visited by Ferrot 1071 K1T(;H IN. Thomas, hydroi,'raphor to Mis Majesty, notes on his Maj) (No. 178) 1794 KL'FFIEl'X, Father FiERKK, his map of " tho mo.st westerly parts of Canada" IIW-' shows the rppor Mi.ssissijipi as included in that country founded on the discoveries of Maniuette, .loliet. Du Luth, La Salle and Heniiopiii I A BAYE (lUlK), Four a.nd Fo.st, at the head of La Baye des Puaiits ((ireen Hay) west of Li Lake Michigan, a dependency of Michillimackinae Father Alloiiez located at a religiima establishment (Mission do St. Xavier) at .... 1008 * visited by M. Perrot, on an embassy to the Indians 1070 the Indian nations in the vicinity attend .St. Lusson at St. Mario du Sault 1071 and formally place themselves and country under French dominion .Manpielto and .loliet at, on their way to the Mississippi by the Fox and Wisconsin Kivers, in 1073 Chevalier do Tonti stjitioned at, with a militjiry force 1080 Lieut. Du L'Hut in command at 1085 Lieut. Contral, commandant at 1757 farmed fiu' !t,0()0 francs /■ 1099 aeuds Le Sueur to make » settlenient on the Mississippi and to work some mines there 1(>99 Paoe. 21 22 11 100 11 28 10 35 26 9 20 20 20 30-7 30-7 30 30-7 0-7 7 .■), 0, 8 129 98 98 98 42 42 ."» .39 42 42 27 27 42 49 49 97 109 42 42 98 24 '••8 98 105 105 105 30 30 30 14 U 101 101-21 0. 11 Ontario Appendix. Index 172 Z^'Z. L^CHE PoHT.OB ,M, separating the wat^rn of the Churchill and Elk Rivers ''"'"• ~ LOUISIANA n"i,'™''';r."f^'"''^ "" f"'--t™'"'S "I"-'rati,m8 at ['.[[[ ,79, „ LOLISIANA, D Iberv.lle-s Memorial on the country of the Mississippi as affectingthe interests La Harpe on the establishment of the French'in.V.V. 1090-1721 and on the iu.j.ortance of, and tha importance of the trade ofthe Upper Mis- "' sissippi to '^'^ , Civil and Military divisions of, in . . . , . ' ' " ' '. notes on Bowen's map of (No. 79) Extracts from Bowen and Moll its boundaries Vaisette on Jefferya' account of D'Ibervillo on the necessity for a definition of the Imnt between it and Canada according to De L'lsle's maps (Nos.'i?,' 50^1, ■■' '! ,' Index, 1723 1723 1747 1747 1755 1765 1761 1702 Page. 67 67 7 9 10 30 109 31 45 45 47 8 M 1718-39 103-4, 106-7 ACHAULT, Fort, at the confluence o' the Au B«uf and Ohio waVnl^'^'r" *"""■''' ^'"' ^" '^"^""^' "f ^^'"'='''' wasadependen'cy ■.■..'.■.:;.■.".■ 1756 MACKENZIE SikT pV.? "' '"''"" '■*•""""' ''^ ""^ '''"« '" ?''''*«"''' 1"'^''^" ''""""^''b- • • • 1757 xA^JViiJNZ.ij.,, biR Alexandkh, a partner in the North- West Company crosses the Rocky Mountains by the Peace River traverses the Upper F'raser MAHAs,Tn,B.::rr^;;:;ti!^:r"'''^'^"'^'''^"'^''^^^^^^^ i«oi MAHANtTs't'"' '''^^'rf "* ^' F'"-* de la Reine, 250 miles"dista'nt'.7.";.".'.;'. a.V.e MALOUIMINES (Malhominis or Folles-Av.ine) Tribe. Chiefi Ste. Marie ''<='^n"wledge the sovereignty of France ^tL xf " "•'• *^"'"' "■■'""' f"-- "'" Upper Missouri . Sarcry'm" p"""''":.^ "'"' " '■"" '" '""«'■•'**'' *•'« boundaries'.:;::.;.;. 26, fs of, attend St. Lusson at Sault 1702 1763 1742-3 1671 1671 1738 1632-1857 west, miere and Bigot to make explorations with a his account of the taking possession, by St. Lusson; of 'the 'countries' of ' the north-west and north w A nrxT '^^^ "^ *''® "discoveries of the Verendryr- MARIN, M. Lamaroue de, appointed by Oalissoni view to discover the Western Sea t MARouFTTF''t'" ^T"^ ^^ "*' ^^pj"^"" Mississi'pp'i'and'the 'Mi;so'uri:.: ::::::: MARQUETTE, P^«'=^-|-;-;^-;'"">i««ioned (with Joliet) by Govemor of Canada to discover the they reach the great river in his autograph map (No. 14) of the Mississippi :;.::;;;:;:;:;: See also Joliet MASCOUTENS, Tribe cf, visited by Perrot MASKIKOUKIOEKS, Tribe, chiefs of, attend St. Lusson at Sault Ste: Marie MAUREPAS Fn«. . If'" "'«'n8elves and cont.try under the dominion of Fmnce " ' MAL REPAS, Fort, at the nu.uth of the Winnipeg River, erected by Verendrye . . 1734 17 gg .nentioned by Jeffeiys as the fourth French fort west of Lake Superior " : ' ' 176I MEMOR X NnrM '"^'"''"""^'y ""-^"l-'^l ''y «■'« North- West Company of Canada. MENnJvSf m" "T "' ''"'^'""-'^"^ -"!-'- f"n.i«hed to the Arbitrators MENNEV ILLE, Marquls D«.„esne he. Governor of Canada, succeeds de la Jonquiere MhR DE Lot ESI, La, Frenc.,, Po.st ok, exten.Iing from the western watershed of Lake Superior to the Rocky Mountains and the Pacific, and from tlie Mis- Bouri tn the northerly wn.torsheds y the Verendrycs who take formal iKisseasion of the countries of MISSOURIS, Thibe, oh the Missouri, visited liy M. Dntiaue MISTASSIN, Lake, tlie route to Hudson's Bay Ijy, marked on Chaniiilain'a Maj) French trading operations on, by the Western Company nutc French post on MISTASSIN Indians, attend Albanel and St. Simon at Nemiacau '.'.'.'..... and place Ihemselves and country under dominion of France MITCHELL'S Map (No. 104) of tlie British and French Dominions i„ N. America, Notes o.i .'.'," . undertaken at tlie reipiost and under the approbation of the Lords ot Trade used by iln- negotiators of the Treaty of Versailles erroneously shows the waters of Lake of the Woods a.s discharginj,' through Long Lake into Lake Sujierior and so deceived the British Connnissioners shews a line untruly m.rked " bounds of Hudson's Bay bv the Treaty of Utretcht" ' whic'i is copied into the subsecjuent Maps Nos. 105, I Id, 114, 120 120-31 133, 144, 1(10, l(i2-3 ,•,...' shows subsisiiiig French establishments on the Upper M ssissippi and north of the Height of Land MOBILE, Fort Loii.s ue, or Coni>e, built on the river below the Town of Mobile lor some time was headcjuarters of Governor of Louisiana MOLL, Herman, notei on his Maps Nos. 3.'), 40, 43-6 extracts from his (ieography MONONGAHELA, River, Fort Dn Quesno built at junction of with the Ohio ante MONSIl'PI. SL-e Monsontj ; Af,««p. MONSONIS, Northern Indians, chiefs of, attend St. Lusaon at SauU Ste. Marie place themselves >ind country uii ler doiidnion of France ?!ONSONY (MoNsii'Pi), Rivkk, the r.. Ue from Lake .\bbitibi to Hudsnu'a Biy ante MONT.VGNKD'AIGLE, Fort, on themirth bank (d' the North Saskntche-van River M()NTRF..A.L, trade of the remote Indians with M(JOSE ( Mi>N-!sn'Pi— MoTSONis), Fort, shown on maps Nos. ."^O, 32, 5."), 80 it- trade intercepted by the French in who have a fort lllO miles further up MORRIS. William, notes on his map (No. 8,3), dediiated to Governor .Shirley of Massaehussetts. aetfi .ait that Charles I. ceded ,ill the lands north of the St. Lawrence to the French. . and that Canada extended northward indefinitely till VfAM(^OSAKIO Tribe, inhabited the shores of Hudson's Bay drc. ^^ traded with the Fi'onch at the Post of Temiscamingue N.\NTAOr'AGAN, Portaoe of, being the Grand Portage of Lake Superior traversed by Verendrye and his fmiiujh fin- 's ^1C\\\'Vl^Q}iK^, FoKT, .">-78 1()72 114 ll,>-27 31 31 1 708- 15 102-3 1747 31-3 1757 26 1671 5 5-6 1688 98 70 1747 33, 49 1700-48 100-9 1747 .33 33 1740 110 1632 110 1712 110 1757 29 29 17 1730 17 1719 i) 58-60 1688 98 101 1747 33 KiO.'i 7 l(i08 1 6-7 1728. 12 1763 51 1757 28 1767 28 1763 121 1664 131 1667 131 131 1723 30 31 f Year. Page. 1742 19 1743 19 171!) 9-10 l(i:i2 9B 17:u J 05 106 I(i72 ' Charlc-i I., to the simiu 1025 NIA(jAHA, Fort, a very atmiig pust, regarded as the ke)' of the upiiei' e(puntries 1757 N1P1SS1N(JS (NEi'EssiNus-NEnssKRiNi) AM) >'i,srAsKs, Northern Tribks, chiefs of, attend St. Lusson at Sault Ste. Marie 1671 place thenmelve.s and country inidc r the dominion of France NIVERVILLE, Chevauer Buicher De, sent by St. Pierre to hiiild a fort at the source of the Saskatcliewan some of liis party erect Fo'.t La Jontiuiere there 1752 NOQUETS, Tribe, of tlie vicinity of Sault Ste, Marie 1671 NUREMBEUUE, included under the name Canada 1671 NOU(JETS, Tribk. See No(iHets. NORTHERN Indians, several nations of, meet St. Lusson at the Sault Ste. Marie and ackno-.v- ledge the dominion of France 1^"1 eleven tribes are represented at the taking possession by Albanifl of the Northern lands and seas 1^72 their fidelity to the French 1731 French trade with 1747 were dissati.^^iied with the H. B. Co., and pr.'ferred the Canadian tradeis NORTHWEST COMPANY, of Canada, bonan with the French Coimios ./(« Buis 17CC its origin and progress formed by the union of Freiich-Canadum and British traders. . . . who extend the tradi- from Rainy Luke to tlie Saskatchewan, and beyond, ""''■ 1771 comi)osed of nine di.stinct trading parties, who unite, in 1779 carry on their trade in the North-West and amalgamatd with the "X. Y." Company the linal union, between the traders in the country and the mer- chants of Montreal, effected in 1783-4 tlTe successors of the French discoverers of the North- West many of whose p'lsts tlicy ocmiinuo to keep up employ Mr. D. Thompson to survey their posts 1796 their operations in the North-West 1796 the extent of country which they occupied ante 1796 Lake Superior to Lakes Winnipeg and the Saskatchewan .... the Red, Assiniboine, Moose and Upper Mis-souri rivers the source? of the Mississippi their views, trade and policy in the North West, reviewed by General Pike 1806 occupied the St. Lawrence, Winnipeg, Saskatchewan, Peace, Athabasca and Slave River basins the sources of the Mississippi and to the Missouri ante 1806 send Mackenzie and McKay to explore to the Arctic and Pacific NORTH-WEST, routes of the French to, shown on Marquette's map of 1673 and on map No. 10 of 1680 explored by the Verendryes, under oonimission from the Governor of Canada.. 1728-60 and by St. Pierre 1"62 French posts established in, by Verendrye and St. Pierre 1731-62 French geographical knowledge of (map No. 103) in 1764 occupied exclusively by French and Canadian.s till 1774 Canadian enterprise in, during the period 1761-1819. See Canadian EnUiyrUe the Hudson's Bay Compnny first begin operations in, in 1774 the history of its fur trade •• • French posts held during the period 1767-62 on the Saskatchewan NOUE, SiEUR DE I.A, rebuilds the fort at Kamanistiquia 1717 NOVODAMUS CHARTER of New Scotland, granted by Charles I., to Sir William Alexander. . 1625 NOYELLES, Captain de, Senr., appointed by de Beauharnois to pursue the discovery of the Western Sea cire. 1746 returns to Montreal from the North-West 1747 StBCR DE, Jr., commandant of Micbiilimackinac in the absence of La Come 1747 Page. 79 »6 26 5 5 22 22 6 46 5-6 7 105 32-3 53 73 54 55 6 54 55 73 73 67 56 66 66 56-7 66 57-8 60 61-2 73 73 73 73-4 97 97-8 11-23 21 16-22 113-14 51, 66 49-78 61, 66 64-8 118 64-5 16 80 20 23 23 Ontario Appendix. Illilev. 176 Ontario Appk.vdix. Yejlk Index, m • \i ACHAGACH, the Indian, M. de la Verendrye's guide ^ notoa on his map of the country from Lake Superior westward to Lake Winnipeg 1728 OCTOOTATAS, Tribe _ I702 OGILBY, John, on the boundaries of Canada, Labrador, etc 1671 OHIO, HiVER, Forta Du Qiiesno and Machault, built on ante 1766 ONTARIO, Lake, the French erect Forts Frontenac, Niagara and Toronto, on tlje Eiigl-.sh Fort Choueguen, on the south shore, appeals to have been destroyed ante 1767 Province of, proceedings in the House of Commons, Canada, as to settlement of the buundaries of by arbitration ; 1877 and as to the Arbitrators appointed to determine the same 1878 $15,000 appropriated to meet the expense of the arbitration 1878 its area, as claimed by the Dominion, 101,733 square milts 1881 its populati. n, 1,923,228 188I ORDINANCE, of the French King, relating to the tax upon the fur trade 1683 regards Hudson's Bay as included in New Franco provides thiit all peltries shall be brought to Quebec OSAGES, Tribe, of the Osage River, a tributary of the Missouri visited by M. Dutisne 1719 OTTAWA River, a principal rout.' to Hudson's Ba\ , via Lake Abbilibi OTTAWAS, Tribe, some trade with the French at Chagouamigon ante 1668 Chiefs of, attend St. Lusson at Sault St. Marie 1671 place themselves and country under dominion of France OUIATANON, Post, on the Wabash, farmed by Knsign Bayeul its commandant 1767 OUINIPIOON, Lake, the southern part of Lake Winnipeg OVERTON, Henry, ; on his map (No. (j7) 1741 PADOUCAHS, Tribe, on the Kansas River visited by M. Dutisne 1719 PANGMAN, I'eter, a North-West trader ante 1783 PANIS, Indians, of the Upper Missouri, trafficked in as slaves ante 1757 visited by M. Dutisne jy^g PEACE River, traversed by Sir A. Mackenzie, of the North- West Company * . .ante 1796 PEOKIA, Fort, (ithor name for Pimiteoui PEORIAS, Tribe, trade with the French at Pimiteoui 1757 PERROT, Fort, on the Upper Mississippi, erected by N. Perrot circ 1683 shown on map No. 123 1762 PERROT, SiEUR Nicolas, a Canadian, notice of the life of appointed guide and interpreter to the sub-delegate of the intendant Talon 1670 goes to Green Bay to invite the Indians to attend St. Lusson at Sault Ste. Marie 1670 his account of the taking possession, at Sault Ste. Marie, of the countries of the North and West, by St. Lusson 1671 built the first trading post on the Upper Mississippi PETER THE GREAT, visits Paris and meet« de I'lsle 1717 despatches Behring and Thschirikoflf with the object of reaching America by the east PETIT REYNARDS, Tribe, on the Upper Missouri and Yellowstone visited by the Verendryes 1742 PETITE CEPISE, Gens, de la, of the Upper Missouri visited by the Verendryes 1743 PIEDS-NOIRS, Tribe, (the Blackfeet), visited by Verendrye 1748-9 PIGEON River, route to North-west by, known to the French ante 1673 PIGOTT, Sir Arthur, legal opinion of, on Hudson Bay Company's charter 1816 PIKE, General, extracts from his ti-avels to the sources of the Mississippi 1806-7 the Trade Views and Policy of the North-West Company his letter to the Nojth-West Company's agent at Fond du Lac 1806 the agent's reply PIMITEOUI (Peoria), Fort, on the Illinois River, established by the French the Peoria Indians trade at 1757 PITMAN, Captain, his account of Frencii settlements in the Illinois country, Dotroit District, e-c., in 1763 PIOYAS, Tribe, inhabited the country of the lower Yellowstone 1742 visited by the Verendryes PL.A.T-COTE, Gbns du. Tribe, of the Upper Missouri visited by Verendrye 1742-3 Paob. 14, 105 106 8-10 46 26 26-7 27 168 168 168 159 160 7 7 7 9 9 98 36 6 6 • 26 98 107 10 67 28 9 66 36 26 119 119 6 6 6 6 6 14 14 18, 28 18, 28 19 19 28 97 163 73 73 7<. 77 36 18 18 28 Year. Paob. 14, 106 1728 105 1702 8-10 1671 46 1756 26 20-7 1757 27 1877 168 1878 158 1878 158 1881 159 1881 160 1683 7 7 7 9 1719 9 98 1668 35 1671 5 5 1767 • 26 98 1741 107 1719 10 1783 67 1757 28 1719 9 1796 56 26 1757 26 1683 119 1762 119 5 1670 6 1670 6 1871 6 6 1717 14 14 18, 28 1742 18, 28 19 1743 19 1748-9 28 1673 97 1816 153 1805-7 73 73 1806 n 77 26 1767 26 1763 36 1742 18 18 1742-3 28 u 177 POND, Peter, a colehratod Nmth-West tnuler .• joins Mr. Hanry at Luke Winnipeg his oponvtiiins on the .Saskiitdiewrtu, etc 3])en(ls three winters at Fort Cluppewuyan on Lake Athabaska aided tlie American negotiations of tlie Treaty of Veraailles in fixing tlie international lioimdary lino POPPLE, HENRY, notes on his map (N... 5H) POSKOIAC, FoKT, on the Saskatchewan, Iniilt by the French rire occupied hy them, until the cession in mentioned by .lefTerys as tlie 8th French jMist of the chain west of Lake Superior. . POSKOIAC, RivKK, other name for llie Sapkiitchewim POSSESSION, Acts of taking, of the Kansas River country, by M. Dutisno of the I'pper Missouri country, by the Verendryes of Hudson's Bay and the northern lands, by de St. Sinujn and Father Albanel . . of the West and North-West, by St. Lusson, at Sault Ste. Marie of the country Texas and from the mouth of the Mississippi ti. the Riu Grande by La Salle POST OF THE Westekn ea. See Mei- (!<• I'Oiied. POST-LIMIN Y, KifiHTs of POUTEOUATAMIS, Teiiie, attend St Lusson at the Sault Ste. Marie place themselves and their country under the dominion of France POWNALL, GovBBNOR, notes on his map (So 145) showing Province of Quebec, as constituted by the "Quebec Act, 1774." PRAIRIES, Fort pes, on tlie Saskatchewan, built by the French aide PRAIRIE DU CHIEN (nE.i Chien.s), at the contluence of the Wisconsin and Mississippi, visited by Mar((uette and Joliet Fort St. Nicolas estfiblished by M. Perrot at vestiges of, still discernable in the liieut. -Governor of Michilliniackinac made a fonual purchase oi lands at Indian title to otlier lands at, extinguished by Treaty of St. Louis report of Michigan Conunissionei's, concerning hind claims at shewn on Frampiolin's map See also Fort .SY. Nicolas, tlie original name. PRAIRIE Dl' ROCHEll (ues Rocue.s), Villa(ie, seventeen miles above Kaskiiskias PRESENTATION, Fort and Mi.s.sion de la, on the St. Lawrence PRESQU'ISLE, Fokt, on Lake Erie, impoi'tant as an entrepust, the first between Niagara and the Ohio PRIVY COUNCIL, proceedings had in, touching the division of Piovinces in North America. . QUEBEC ACT, of 1774, letter of the Right Honourable Edward Burke on the objects of the— from a publication of that year .*.... from Russell's History of America debate in the House of Lords on a proposal for its repeal QUEBEC, Province of, its Criminal Jurisdiction held, in the Quten m. PamI, not to extend to the Indian Territories shown on Pownall's Map (No. 145) RADISSON and DES GROSSELLIERS, Fiencli Canadian explorers and traders, make a journey to Lake Winnipeg and thence to Hudson's Bay return to Quebec bj the fame route propose a trading voyage to Hudson's Bay the soh''ine not entertained at Quebec or Paris employed by Lmdon merchants who send them and Capta'n Gillim to Hudson's Bay RAINY Lake, operations of Canadian traders on Do la Noiie re-establishes the post on, in Verendrye erects Fort St. Pierre at its outlet in RAINY RIVER House, a post of the North-West Company RED RI\ ER OF THE North, shown correctly on Franque'in's .Map Sbttlkment, papers rela'ing to 3 If EAR, Paob. 1775 51 51 62 Ontauo ApriNDii 1778 50, Oc 1783 67 1732 150 1750 27 1763 68-i) 1761 36 35 1710 9 1743 19 1072 6-7 1671 6-6 1685 30 131-3 1671 5-6 6-6 1775 123 1757 27 1073 39, l»rt 1683 39, !W 1828 39 1781 40 1816 40 1828 38-43 1688 98 37 1757 27 1757 26 1712-84 133 1774 139 136 1778 141 1775 141-2 1782 57 1775 123 38 1606 32 1666 32 32 1067 32 32 1067 32 32 1766-8 53 1717 16 1731 16 1798 61 1688 98 181519 142-63 Index, Ontario AfPBNUl.X, 1." 1 i >j ',1 i . t \ ' Index. 17S REINE, FoKT LA, on tlio Assiiiiboint', erected by Veremlryo mentioned by Jotferyg iws the 5th French Post west of Lake Superior traded at by the Assiniboinea, Chri.stinaux and Mahas REINHARD, Ciiarlks dk, maps referred to in evidence in the case of (Nog. 140 <(-(/) REPENTIONY, Sieuk de, Seignior of Sault St. Mario obtained a grant, jointly with Sieur Debonne, of the Sault, us an hereditary Seigniory RIGAUD A.No MARIN, MM. de. Farmers uf the revenue at Oreen Bay ROBERT, SiErn, Geographer to the French king, notes on his maps Nns. 81, 82, 90, 91 ROCKY Moi'.NTAiN.s, reached by the Verendryea by way of the Missouri and Yellowstone reached, rin the Saskatchewan, by St. Pierre's party at the base of whioh they erect Fort La .lonipiiere crossed by Sir A. Mack .u/.ie, who reaches the Fraaer River ROQUETTK, Pj:re, a French Missionary at Green Bay ROSALIE, FoKT, at the Natchez in Louisiana ROUGE, FoKT, at th'^ oontiuence of the Assiniboine and Red Rivers built by Verendrye shown as a French Post on map No. 84 mentioned by JeH'erys as abandoned ante ROUGE, M. i.K, notes on his .Maps Nos. 120, 15«, 158 RUPERT, Fort, shown on Mitchell's .Map (No. 104), as " abandoned " by the English the trade of its vicinity controlled by the French RiVEK, the early route of the- French to Hudson's Hay from Quebec, via the Saguenay RUSSIAN Discoveries, by Behring and Tlischiroff, on the north-weat coast pod QAGUENAY, Post of, the Indian tribes i,f the SAKIS, TuiBB, chiefs of, attend St. Lu. 29 27, 2» 110-11 18 23 22 66 42 30 110-11 110 36 118-26 115 36 95-98 13, 14 30, 32 5 6 5 30 98 30 30 46 96 9)i, 100 17, 20-1 1763 47, 51, 69, 70 23 1752 1766-1809 1774 1671 1757 1806 1810 1815-19 1815 23 49-78 51, 56-6 52 6 6 ■26-9 74 74 163 142-53 152-3 1819 163 1710 102 1750 111 1781 43 42 I If Ykah. Paiik. I7:i8 16 17 No. 10 tho Kutiilli'ta liavo a MisHioii among mitf visitt'd l)y Lu Suuiir, who gnus to p'lanco to rujiort as to ilioir country oiitf Dlbcrvillo pidpoHes to sottlu 4,000 faniilicH of, on tho .Missouri l> \r oouutiy ruxardod liy La Harpo as part of (,'anada m fsacre a son of Voroudryo and his party cf 21 hy, on an ishiiid c f the L. of the Woo 's triide witii Mr. Ilunry and with tho North-West Company SIOUX, Po.sT di- THR, 1 Vif Cliarluvoix nco' luuds itn estahlishmi'nt, witli a view to tho discovery of tho Wi stern Sea tistablislu'd liy do Monlhrun and Katlier (Juignas SLAVE Inihans, trade with -M-. Henry at Fort Vermillion SLAVE, Lakk and UlvKit, traany liavo a fort at its moutli and cr.rry on a small trade there, the ^"rench lieiut,' in posso-sion of marly all tho trade of the East Main SNAKE TitlHK, inhabited the Hoelvy Moinitiins and the sources of tho Yellowstone the Vorendryis accompany the Howmen to tho foot of the mountains in an expedition against them SPANK IE, Mk. , opinion of, (m Hudson's Hay CVs Charter ST ANTOINE, Fokt, built by tho French on tho I'lipor Mississipi YkaI!. 1678 1680 l(iU2 1702 1702 173(1 17(11 1796-7 1727 1808 1806 1748 1747 1742 1742 1810 KiHO shown on Maps Nos IH, 47 UWH, 1718 ST. BERNARD S Hay, Texas, fort on, erected by La Salle ST, CHARLES, Foht, on the Lake i>f the Woods, erected by Vevenilrye mentioned by .letierys as the third French fort west of Lake Superior trading operations of Mr. Henry at ST. CHA1{LES RiVKR, other name for Aasiniboine. ST. CROIX, Fokt, on the St. Croix River (Upper Mississippi) . shown on Fnuupudin's map, (No. 18) ST. ESPRIT, Mission du, at Chagouainigon, which see. ST. FRANCOIS XAVIER, Mis,sion ok, (ireon Bay, Pcro AUouo/. in charge of marked on Frauiiuolin's map, (No. 18) ST. GERMAIN, Fout, Albany River esbiblished by Du L'Hut shown on maps Nos. 32, 55, 70, 76, 99, 108, and 116 1700-5o ST. IGNACE, .lesuit Mission of, at L'Arbro Croche, 20 miles from Michillimakinac marked on Maps Nos. 14. 17 1673-88 ST. JOSEPH, Fort, (on the St. .Joseph River, Lake Michigan), marked on Bowen's map, No. 79 M. le Verrier is commandant and farmer of , taken possession of by British ST. LAWRENCE, River, headwaters of, erroneously shewn in Mitchell's map, used by the nego'iators of the Treaty of 1783, as being Lake of the Woods ST. LOUIS, Foht, in the Illinois, shown on map No. 18 ST. LOUIS, Fort, other name for La Come, which see. ST. LOUIS, River, tributary of Lake Superior, represented an a French route to the Sioux country ST. LOU. .EATY OF, by which thu United Stales purchase the Indian title to lands near Prairie du Chien . , recognizes the former purchase by Lieutenant-Governor Sinclair of Michillimac- kinac... ST. LUC, SiEUR UE, Farmer of Chagouamigon ST. LUSSON, SiRUB DB, .sub-delegate of the Intendant Talon sent to Sault Ste. Marie to take formal possession of the countries and tribes of the west ami north is attended by fourteen tribes, who place themselves and their countries under the dominion of France ST. MARIE DU SAULT, Je.suit Mission of unte 1732 1761 1765-75 1688 1668 1((H8 1684 1774 1757 1761 1755 1688 1()80 1810 1759 1670 1671 1671 I'aoe. 98 Ontario {)g Al'PKNDIX. 97-8 99-100 8 8 10 17 -19, 51 58-9 12 12 71 73 109-110 33 18 18 153 98 98, 103 30 . l(i-17 38 50-1 i shown on iVlups Nob. 14, 10, 17, 18 16i,3-88 98 S8 42 98 101 101 101-17 49 97-8 109 27 49 114 98 97 97 40 40 28 5,6 5,6 5, 6 6 97-8 Index, in m ' IH I 1 ^ i ? 3 n ii' s Oktario 180 t'K'iy ;:••••. tt .toiiemluncy of Micliillimuckinac in Mr A. Hi-iiry lifgiim opurutioiis at • ^^^ shown i.n Mivj'S Nog. 10, IH, 7!» - • • • • ; • ••• ■■•■•■ 8T MAIUiAUErs (MAUIUCK) U.vkr, was u woU-kuown route t,. HucUon. Bay ST. NICOLAS. Forr; at the continence of tl>e Mi-si.MlU.i au.l W^consn. ..•■•• 08tiil)lWitMl by M. I'orrot ^ shown on Mtti)», Nos. 18 luul 47 See also iVd.nV .(i( C/ufH-it^ latorname. „. . ■ • PETER'S (M.NNKHOTA) R.VKK, a western tnbuUry of the I I'l-' J^^'^^' ' ^ Vkrtb on, marked on maps M, 1 1., i ■> anil iiM Index. Ybah. 1671 ITSO 176« 17(i2 1747 1747 1683 1688-1718 ST. ST, ST Fort LHrii-LiBR or Mr Henr>' arranges to carry on fur trade operations on. . . . . . PE French Village, of the Illinois, Captain Pitman s account ol 1703-55 1761 PHILLIPPE, French Village, „ ,r , ... 1731 PIEKKE, Fort, on Rainy L.^ke, established by \ eremhye . . ' ' • Ij ^ ' •^•;_ V ^' ' ' ' . , . mi mentioned by Jefferys as the second French Fort west f Litke Supei «T PIFRRE A Q Ks Lkoahoeur i.B, commands a convoy to Michillimackmac. ST. PIERRE, -'-^ - 2l by La.Ion ,uife.e and Bigot to succeed LaVereiidrye m command in the North-West. . .aienates the Christinaux, who burn Fort de la Re.ne ..... ^. .■■■ - ' -^^ ' ; ' causes the erection of Fort la J..n.,uiere at the base of the Rocky Mountains. is replaced by M. de la Come ST. PIERRE. R.v.„,a^uonto^t.eAs^ Missouri / ' ' cmunissioned to take renewed possessioi seas . takes renewed possession accordingly . 1750 1752 1753 1738 1671 1672 1796 STONE INDIANS. Other name for the vi,*' '^"'^^^y ^« ^^^' ■.■■■■'.;■.■.■.■.'..■.... 1703-63 shown on maps Nos. 33, 76, 104, 108,111,129,130 SUEUR SiEUR Lb, a French officer and exph)rer • • •^"•■V •; ' • ' lecjf, SI El R, ^^^^^ , ^ ^,^^.^^.^^ ^^ ^^^^^ ^^ settlement on the Mississippi -^ .•■■••••• ^^^ 1702 1661 1765 1765 1731 T visits the Sioux •■•; ' goes to France to give an account of their country SUPERIOR Lakk, the French settle on, at Chagouaraigon •;■■•■;,; 1763 the Indians of, are employed in the fur trade by Mr. Henry ..•.■•••• their ccmdition and strict integrity SWAN Lake, explored by Verendrye ADOUSSAC, RovAL DOMAIN OF, uoteB on maps of part of ^OMPSON, DAvn. As.— and Snrveyo. employed by the North-West Co. to survey his stveVrand expWionsin the North-West :::::ZZ: '. .„d about the ^urce^onheM..^^^^^^^^ Ba, Co. in THORNTON, Samuel, notes on his MS. ^*P ^;?^ J^ Jo^.truydenburg in of the Bay and north of the Rupert River. . . . . ^. • • ^^^^ TONT.,T.»«,,s,.»....-j--:™-Sri"s;.""^...::^ '^ ™°"'^%rr:^:i"^7™c— .,.na3i.o,,,i.™ ..■.■■■;■•; aces by the Ottawa and Lake Teiuiscamingue ° - . . . T 1 - •i.u:j:io builds » lort ax uaa-c r. ,",. . . . '""^^ t:^,r^-^-.^tt*'^"-V';-»"o~ •"• Paok. ».« 81) 20 61 » »7, 1»>9 32-3 U8 39, 98 08-103 11 101-14 49 37 16 35 24 21 22 82 22 17 17 e 6 6-7 60 101 101-21 8,9 9 9 8 86 64 BO .'iO-l &1 17 105 1796 55 1796-8 55-W 1798 62-4 1709 102 42 62 68 Year. I'AUK. 1671 5,tf 1760 8» 17M 99 i7es 50 1680-1747 »7, 1"W 1747 32-3 98 1683 39, 98 1088-171H 08-103 11 1703-55 101-U 1701 49 37 1731 16 1761 36 1747 24 1760 21 22 1752 22 1763 22 17 I' 173rt 17 l(i71 6 il 6 1672 6-7 17'.H! 60 1695 101 1703-63 101-81 8,9 ItWit 9 1700 9 1702 8 1661 35 1763 54 c. 1766 50 1765 50-1 51 17 1731 cey 105 1796 56 ... 1796-8 1798 5.)-W 62-4 in 1709 102 r»rd 102 1680 4i ... 1686 624 1T98 62-4 181 YlAK. UPPER CANADA. Hoo Oiwtihi, Um>er. ■ITAISKTTK ON TiiK iioi Nh.miK.s of t'liiiad.i iiml Luuisiuiiii 17B5 VANCOl'VEU'S IsLANii, Blmwiioii mivp No. 121 ' 1"''" VAKKNNKS bi: VEllKM'HYK, Lks. Sfo I'r;'.,!./, ,•■. ; VArUONDV, 8lKi II HoliKKT liK, IJuoynipliiT ill <)i'liii;iiy to tho Kiriioli king I'fiO \ iiotuHoii lii» iiiuiM. NoH. !M, 1(10, 101, 137 17.J(.-71 { VEIK'IIKUES, Cait.vin ok, iiii|iuiiitfil ('oiiimaiiilniil iit Lt, Uau) 1748 I VEHENlJKYK, 1'ikurk (Ui i.tikk hk Vakknm:, Siki u hk i,a, ciiimiy.unlaiit nt Liiko Nupigoii . . . 172H 1 ilotuniiiiie^ to lUtumiit tlio ili-toovor) of tin.' WoatiTii .Sea 1728 iiiuet.H Fathur (Joiiur at Micliilliiiiaokinac, who approvcn tin- [nojcct 1728 tliey (loom it piofiTalilo to iniicied liy the oountrit'-i of tlic Assiiiibocls and Clii'i8tiiiaii.\ ralhur thim hy that of tho !*ou.x 1730 Uovornoi tlic' Mannii- |>er. liiieB, 46-0, limit nil aftti- New F'nince. 12, line 8, mid lb)llaiul Baiiin de la Ualiuomiisrc. 13, " 2, rfiii/ C'hriBtiuaiix. " 6, reiul Cavelier. " 21), the like. 16, " 18, /<)i- deprived, rca(/ derived. " 40, mill lialf-protection. 17, " !•,/"'' wliiili, mill wlioBo. 20, " 2!), rmil (ialiBsonniiTe. " 31, mul Cavelier. 21, " 18, ii/(fc i-ave, /d;" comma, .iiifcufiftt** period. 22, •' \, rentl " the king's Btorehousos." " 2!), after seeds, iiuu'ri semicolon. 'i'i, " 11, rmul Oavolii'i- 24, " 17, fifter i' • , iiuten uummx. 27, " I'.l, lift" ■•i, I'nert La. 28, " 23, afitr Bruchets, iiisert comma. " 3i), mill Saint. 2!t. " -'4, read {eomjh). " 30, road luiigf. •• 37. mul MM. ' 38, !•««(< Jonqiiiere. '• 42, ivnil Baie. 30, " 0, raul Natchitoches. \ 31, " 13, reiiil Louis. 32, " 5, reiiil Nipisniiinians. 33, " 22, reail Lordships'. 34, " 39, n'0(i Flamborougli Head, on Port Nelson River. 35, " 37, reiiii Ohag^oiianujjon. — 39, ■' 15, rcrtf/ Joliet. ' 43, after line 34, I'lijifW (/i«/o//<«rinpointed to ascertain the title to lands at Green Bay Ontario appkniiix. AdditionB and corrvctionii. *Ain. State Paiwrs, Vi)l. V., p. 284. 184 Appiniiii. Additions and Correctionii. and rriiirio(lnChioii- Mlclmtil Briiiboig of said county, who after liuiiig sworn according t» law, (IcpoRetli and xaitli that h.' (this depon. .t) is nixty yuars of age ; that he has heon thirty- niiio years in this o.Hintry ; tliii, from tho hoit information hf has Imon alio to obtain, and from hiH own knowlodKo, Prairie du Cliieii, extondinj,' from (lie nioiitli of tho Ilivor Wisconsin to the Hi>|H'r partot the prairif, ha« been orcnpieil and ciiltivated in small improvonienls in virtue of sundry elHiiiis of French people, both before and since deponent's arrival in the country ; that he (deponent) has never hoard of any Indian claim to said tract, excoj)! that, about eijfhtcon years a^o, the French people became m\w what apprehensive a^ to their title, which fact liein^ made known to the Indians, one of the hrst chiefs of the Fox nation, named Manponis, ratified at Cahokia, near St. Louis, au and before me, October 21, A.D. IHiiO. IsA.M IjRK, Justii'e of the Poace for Crawford C.iunty an I .Vi;»nt. TlRRITtlRV or .MiCIIIOAM, ColINTV OF CKAWroKI), SS I ■' Be it remembered, that on this day piu-s uially appeared bofiu-o ine, Isaac Lee, a .Justice of tli« Peac* in and for said County, and A)?ant duly appointed to ascertain the titles to lands at (treen Hay anil Prairie du Cbien -Pierre La Pointe of said (/ounty, who, after being aworn according to law, dejii seth and paith that ho is seventy years of age ; that he has been forty-four years in this country, of which periiHl ho has resided thirty-eight years at Prairie du Chion ; that in the year I7H1 this deponent wits at Michilimackimic, ami acted in the capscity of interpreter, at the Treaty held by (Jovernor Sinclair with tho Indians for tho l)Uichase of the Island of Micliili- mackinac, Oruon Biy and Pr.iirio du Chien ; that during the time depoiu-nt has reaideil at the Prairie, he has never known the Indians to make claim to said tract of land as their property ; the de|H>nent was present at Prairie ilu Chion, and saw the goods delivered to the Indians, in [Hiynient lor the said Prairio, by Ha/.il (Jiird, Pierre Antya and Augustus Ange, according to tlie stipulations of the Treaty with (iovoinur Sinclair alxive uientio ed. his PlKKKP. X La PnlMTH. Sworn and aulisrribeil before me, October 2tiiid, IH!iO. mark. Ihaac Lbe. Juit'ioe of the Peace fur Crawford County, anrhe. 70, °' 11, a/(rr our, iimi7 comnuk. 84, " 4, reiui public Proolanui'ions. 36, " I, omit asterisk. " 24, omil copy in possession of the Ontario liovernmont. " 31, for 3«-7 read 37 ; nmil 80 niul 18tJ ; retul Nos ."W and iW above mentioned. " 32, nmiV 104. after line ,32, innert the fiilhuniuj : -Nos. 3(1, 80, 104, 166, IRA in poMeava, iiou'i'f an as erisk. 97, " 2, r«ir/ Krie. " 4, mihuUMe III New York State Library. '* 31, after Ste. Marie, iii»erl a comma. ^ " 3'i, roul La I'ointe. • .\iii. SUlo P»|»rs, Vol v., p JHI, 1M5 liuin^ Hwiirii according t» ; tliiU li« I1H8 ))eon thirty- l)uoii ublo to iilitain, and li of tho llivor WigcdiiAJii M sniiill iinprovoiiicntN in dupoiient's arrival in the lo sail! tract, oxoojit that, I'heiiHivi' as to their titlu, if ihe F'ox nation, nainuij 1 prairie to I ho Froiioh ; lair |Sinnlair| hought the t thit ik-|ionunt saw the to Montre'il or Quuheo. ml it« name from a largo inily, or ihe descomhintn. ns. M. Hkisikiim. IsAAl liRB, (!.mnty an I .Vgnnt. ee. u J native of tliH Puttee leH to hiniU at (irren Hay l>eing sworn according to been forty-fonr years in •ie (In Uhien ; that in the city of interpreter, at tlie of the Ibland of Michili- [loniMit liax re9idert. 123, " 2, umit asterisk. " 45, remi Lindsey's. " 49, omit dagger. ^ 124, " 8. for in, reiul i«. " 12, read case, (662-4 Joint App.) vi«. : - " 32, omit asterisk. " 43, after Mi.i line, iimert New York State Libraty. " 46, after this Hut, the like.. " 48, omit cimmia. 125, " 45, lifter Library, insert ; copy in possesiion of the Dominion Oovernraent." 126, " 21, read levee. 129, after line 21, iawH Mr. Mills' first report. " 21, after 1794, remi (copy attached to Mr. Mill's first Report). " 44, rrod edition ; remi 18,^0. 130, " 47, /or Ontario, reftfi D.iminion. 161. " 49, read Home District. 168, " 18, after 1877-8, for comma, tubitUutt a period ; miikt ttparale line of 19th February, 1877*. Ontario Apfihoii. Additiani and CorrectioBS. UN I i I |it tbc |ribn (L^ouiuK. IN THE MATTER OF THE BOUNDARY HETWEEX THE PROVINCES OF ONTARIO AND MANITOBA. IN THE DOMINION OF CANADA. BETWEEN THE PROVINCE OF ONTARIO, OF THE ONE PART, AND THE PROVINCE OF MANITOBA OF THE OTHER PART. SUPPLKMENT TO APPENDIX OF THE PROVINCE OF ONTARIO. CONTP^Nl^S. "^ It from Lord Shcllnirne to Liout.-Oovernor Carleton, of Quebec, Nov. 14, 17G7 Hatablisliiuont, by Royal Warrant, of Civil Otlicers of Quoboc, .luno 20, 1770 Commiasion to Lord DufTerin as Oovonior-Genoral of Canada, 1S72 Roy.-vl InatrucMons to him as Oovernor-Ocncral, 1S72 .-. ... Letters Patent confltitutins thu Olliciy of Govcmor-Oencinxl of Canada, 1878 Instructions to tho Govemor-Goueral, 187*^ Commission to Lord Lome as Governor-General, 1878 ... .. Charters from 1102 to 17;!2 Ollicial Correspondonco between the Foreign OfHco and the Colonial Ollico, and hotwoon the Imperial Ijovomment and Sir Edward Thornton, 1877-8 Dominion Act, 45 Vict., cap. .'i (1882) ... Lord Selkirk as to the reason,') for the piw-sin^ of the Imperial .\ct, 4,1 (i!oi>rge III., cap. 138 (1803) Imperial Act, 14 Geo. IIL, cap. 83(1774) TUXH 1 I 4 (5 a 10 12 13-118 119 122 123 124 I)li i mH I r INSTRUCTIONS OF THE IMPERIAL GOVERNMENT AS TO EXPLORATIONS OF THE TERRITORIES TO THE WKSTWARD OF LAKE SUPERIOR AND OF CERTAIN NO. THERN TERRITORIES AS DISTINGUISHED FROM THE TERRITORIES COM- PRISED IN THE HUDSON'S BAY COMPANY'S CHARTER* LOKI) SnBLBURNE TO LlEUT.-GoVERNOR CaBLBTON OF QOEBBC. WiiiTEHAix, November I4th, 1767. Sir,— Your letters of the 8th, 14th July, arul 29th August, have Iwen duly received and laid before the King. Your conduct tosvards Mr. Chabert appears well judged, who, having become obnoxious to the Court of France, must find it his interest to attach himself entirely to the service of Great Britain. 10 His influence among the Indians puts it in his power to be of very essential use, but as the same influence gives him also a power of doing mischief, if ill inclined, a certain degree of caution is requisite, as well as address to prevent his perceiving it. This bint must be applicable to many other persons in your Government, and is left to your own judgment at what times and how far to improve it. StPPLRMKNT TO TBll OnTAHIii Aphknuix. Lonl Shel- btiriie to Lieut. -Gov. Carletnn of Quebec. The memorials which you transmitted relative to the Indian trade have with others been referred by His Majesty's commands to the Lords Commissioners for Trade and Plantations, and that matter (as well as several other points very essential to the prosperity of the colonies and the advantage of this country) now lies before their Lordships for their consideration and report. 20 As an accurate knowledge of the interior parts of North America would contribute much towards enabling His Majesty's ministers to judge soundly of the true interests of the different provinces, I cannot too strongly recommend to you the encouraging such adventurers as are willing to explore those parts which have not hitherto been much frequented, and consequently are scarcely, if at all, known, particularly towards the territories comprised in the Cliarter of the Hudson's Bay Company north of the Hudson's B.ay Company northward, and the country beyond the Lake Superior westward. I am, &c., SHELBURNE. ESTABLISHMENT BY 30 GEORGE R. ROYAL WARRANT OF THE CIVIL PROVINCE OF QUEBEC, 177fi.t OFFICERS OF THE Whereas the Commissioners of our Treasury have represented unto us that it will be for E^ublUh- the public service that an establishment of Civil Officers should 1k> made for the better government of ™f^:;| ,fg.',l;f^, mr Province of Quebec, Now we l)eing graciously pleased to approve thereof, do direct that tlie several of the Pro- Tinea of * Public Record OlTico— Ciiloniul CorrespondencB. Ciinnda (Qnobec), 1767. No. 4. t Public K.curd Office— I'reaaury Warrant Book. AmericB, 1763 to 1778- l"o. 439. Quebec. Til THB OvTAHM Appkhdix. ment iif the Civil Officers of thH Pru- TUit'e of Quebec, officers and following to viz. : — i persons hereinafter mentioned shall be established there at commence on, and to Iw payable from and after, the the several yearly salaries First day of May, 177.1, Fer annum. £ ,s. d. 2,000 000 1,200 3,000 .300 100 200 400 100 .36.1 200 300 100 100 .lOO 2,.300 1,000 To the Governor of the Province... ... , To the Licutrnant-Govemor To the Chief Justice To six Judges of Common Pleas, £,100 each To the Attorney-General ... To the Clerk of the Crown and Plea.s ... To two Sheriffs, at £100 each To the Secretary and liegister ... To the Clerk of the Council To the Surveyor of J,,and3 To the Surveyor of Woods To the Commissary for Indians ... To the Captain of tlie Port To the Naval Officer To the Receiver-General of th-^ Revenue To twenty-three Counsellors, at £100 each To the Lieutenant-Governor, or Superintendents, at the Illinois ... ... \ Port St. Vincenne Detoit 1- at £200 each Misselomakinac. . . Gaspee ... To one Judge of the inferior Courts of King's Bench and Common Pleas at each of the above five Ports at £100each .ludge To an Assistant or Assi .nsor at each Port at £50 a year... To a Sheriff for each district at £20 per annum eac: ... To a Grand Voyer To a French Secretary To four Ministers of the Protestant Church at £200 per annimi each ... To two Schoolmasters at £100 per annum each To an allowance to the person licensed to superintend the Romish Church ... To Pensions to the Officers of a Corps of Canadians employed in the last war and discharged without any allowance, as follows, viz. : To Monsieur Riganville the Commandant of the said Corps 200 To five Captains, £100 each 500 To ten Lieutenants, £50 each ... ... ... 500 To the Commandant of the Savages 100 To the annual contingent expenses 1,000 To John Clir. Roberts, Esq., late Secretary Register and Clerk of the Council 3.10 To Edward ^ishopp, Esq., late Naval Officer 18210 500 250 100 200 200 800 200 200 10 20 30 40 ""^sesf!ia£Simiffiv-r:i-, ■^- ral yearly salaries r of May, ITi'i, um. d. () 10 20 To Peter Livins, Esq., Judge of the Court of Vice- Admiralty in the Province of (Juebec To Richard Cumberland, Esq., Ajjent for the Provinct; ... Per mnum. £ «. d. 200 aoo II £18,447 10 Our will and pleasure is, and we do hereby direct, authorise, and command thiit nut of any revenue arising unto us within our said Province of Quebec, or out of such other monies as by an Act intituled " An Act for making more effectual provision for the Government of the Province of (Quebec IQ in North America" have been granted and appropriated to the use and service of our said Province, you do issue and pay, or cause to be issued and paid, unto the several officers and other persons mentiotied in the aforegoing Establishment or to his assignes, the several Aniuial Salaries set against their names respectively, the same to commence on, and be payable and [)ai(l from and after the 1st, day of May 1775, and to be payable and paid quarterly or otherwise as the same shall become due during our pleasure, amounting in the whole to the sum of £18,447. 10s. And this shall b<' as well to you for making the said Payments, as to our auditors and all others concerned in passing your accounts for allowing the same thereupon a sufficient warrant. Given at our Court at St. James's the 20th day of June 1776 in the 16th year of our Heign. SrPPlKHHNT TO TUB Al'I'FNDlX. KstBlilisll- lui'iit iif the Civil Uttii'trs of t IiH I'n I- vincB of Qiu'liec. 20 By His Majesty's Command. NORTH. CUANLKV. C. TOWNSIIEM). To our Trusty and well beloved Sir Thomas Mili^, Knight, Receiver and Collector of our Revenues arising within our Province of Quebec, And to the Receiver thereof for the time being. 30 40 mmmmetfss^. u \ii 8( PPI.HMKNT Til TUH ONrAHIO Appkmiiix, Cunimlmiion iil^'piimtJDK th» K«rli>f 1 1 irt'oriii to l)f Uovernor tieneral "f 21) COMMISSION PASSED UNDER THE GREAT SEAL OF THE UNITED KINGDOM, AP POINTING THE RIGHT HONOURABLE THE EARL OF DUFFERIN, K.P., K.C.B., TO BE GOVERNOR-GENERAL OF CANADA. VirTORiA, by the Grace of (rod, of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, Qtieen, Dofend.T of the Faith, To Our Right Trusty and Right Well-beloved Cousin and Councillor Frederick Temple, Earl of Dufferin, Knight of Our Most Illustrious Order of Saint Patrick, Knight Commander of Our Most Honourable Order of the Bath, Greeting: Whereas We did by certain Letters Patent under the Great Seal of Our United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, hearing date at Westminster, the twenty-ninth day of December, 1868, in the thirty- second year of Our reign, constitute and appoint Our Right Trusty and Well-beloved Councillor Sir John 10 Young,' Baronet (now our Right Trusty and Well-lKsloved Councillor John Baron Lisgar), Knight (Jrand Cross of Our most Honourable Order of the Bath, Knight Gran.l Cross of Our most distinguished Order of Saint Michael ;i 1 Saint George, to be (iovernor-General of Canada for and during Our will and pleasure, as upon relation being had to the said recited Letters Patent will more fully and at large appear. Now know you that We have revoked and determined, and by these presents do revoke and determine the said recited Letters Patent, and every clause, article, and thing therein contained. And further, know you that We, reposing es{)ecial trust and confidence in the prudence, courage and loyalty „f you the said Frederick Temple, Earl of Dufferin, of Our special grace, certain knowledge, and mere motion, have thought fit to constitute and appoint, and by tiiese Presents do Constitute and Appoint you to be Our Governor-G(!neral in and over Our Dominion of Canada, for and during Our will and pleasure. And We do hereby authorize and command you iu du(> mannei lo do and execute all things that shall belong to your said command, and the trust We have reposed in you, according to the several Powers and Directions granted or appointed vou by this Our present Commission, and of the Act of Parliament passed in the Thirtieth Year of Our Reign, intituled "The British North America Act, 1867 " ; and according to such instructions as are herewith given to you, or as may hereafter be given to you under Our Sign Manual and Signet, or by Otir Order in Our Privy Coimcil, or by Us through one of Our Prmcipal Secretaries of State, and according to such laws as are now or shall here iter be in force in Our said Dominion. II. And We do hereby authorize and i;inpower you to keep and use the Great Seal of Our said Dominion for sealing all things whatsoever that shall pass the said Great Seal. III. And We do further authorize and empower you to constitute and appoint in Our name and on Our behalf all such Judges, Commissioners, Justices of the Peace, and otlu^r necessary Officers and Ministers of Our said Dominion, as may be lawfully constituted or appointed by Us. IV. And we do further authorize and empower you, as you shall see occasion, in Our name and on Our behalf, when any crime has l)een committed within Our said Dominion, to grant a Pardon to any accomplice', not })eing the actual perpetrator of such crim(>, who shall give such information and evidence !is shall lead to tht> apprehension and convictiim of the principal offender ; and further, to grant to any offender convicted of any crime in any Court, or before any Judge, Justice, or Magistrate within Our said Dominion, a Pardon, either free or subject to lawful conditions, or any respite of the execution of the sentence of any such olfender for such period as to you nuiy seem fit; and to remit any fines, 40 penalties, or forfeitures which may become due and payable to Us. V And We do further auti rise and empower you, so far as We lawfully may, upon sufficient cause tuvou'appearing, to remove from his office, or to suspend from the exercise of the same, any person ..xercising any such office or p' .ce within Our said Dominion, under or by virtue of any Commission ,.r Warrant granted, or which may be granted by Us in Our name or by Our authority. VI And We do further authorise and empower you to exercise from time to time, as yon may judge necessary, all powers lawfully belonging to Us, in respect of assembling or proroguing the Senate or the 30 10 KINGDOM, AP IN, K.P., K.C.B., id, Qtieen, Dofcmlfi- ^imiicillor Frcdfrick Knight Coinmaiultr Kinjrdom of Groat , 1868, in the thirty- Councillor Sir John S[ar), Kni<;;ht (J rand distinguished Order uring Our will and ■ and at large appear. jnts do revoke and (in contained. And courage and loyalty nowledge, and mere lite and Appoint you ur will and pleasure. 11 things that shall le several Powers and of Parliament passed i7 " ; and according rou under Our Sign ne of Onr Principal n force in Our said !at Seal of Our said it in Our name and ecessary OflBcers and n Our name and on rant a Pardon to any mation and evidence her, to grant to any igistrate within Our of the execution of I to remit any fines, 40 21) 30 House of Comraoiij of Our said Dominion, and of dissolving the said House of Commons, and We do hereiiy give the like authority to the several Liouteniint-Governors for the time heing, of the Provinces in Our said Dominion with respect to the Legislative Councils, or the Legislative or General Assemhlies of those Provinces respectively. VII. And we flo hy these Presents authorise and empower you, within Our said Dominion, to exercise all such powers as We may be entitled to exercise therein in respect of granting Licenses for Marriages, Letters of Administiatior", and Probates of Wills, and with respect to the CusU)dy and Management of Idiots and Lunatics, and ther Estates. VIII. And whereas by the said British North America Act, 18G7, it is amongst other things 10 enacted, that it shall lie lawful for Us, if We think fit, to authorise the Governor-General of Canada to appoint any person or persons jointly, or severally, to be his Deputy or Deputies within any part or parts of Canaihw and in that capacity to exercise, during the pleasure of Jie Governor-General, such of the powers, authorities, and tunctions of the Governor-CJeneral as he may tieem it necessary or expedient U> assign to him or them, subject to any limitations or directions from time to time expressed or given by Us : Now we do authorise and empower you, subject to such limitations and directions as aforesaid, to appoint any person or persons, jointly or severally, to be your Deputy or Deputies within any Part or Parts of Our Dominion of Canada, and in that capacity to exercise, during your i)lea8ure, such of your powers, functions, and authorities as you may deem it necessary or expedient to assign to him or them : Provided always that the appointment of such a Deputy or Deputies shall not aiTect the exercise of any such power, authority, or function by you, the said Frederick Temple, Earl of Dufferin, in person. IX. And We do hereby declare Our pleasure to be that in the event of your death, incapacity, or absence out of Our said Dominion, all and every tlie powers and authorities herein granted to you shall, until Our further pleasure is signified therein, be vested in such person .as maybe appointed by Us under Our Sign Manual u...! Signet, to be Our Lieutenant-Governor of Our said Dominion, or if there shall be no such Lieutenant-Governor in Our said Dominion, then in such person or persons as may be appointed by Us under Our Sign Manual and Signet to administd by you in that l)ehalf, to admiiuster to all and to every persons or person, as you shall think lit, who shall hohl any office or place of trust or profit, the said oath of allegiance, together with such other oath or oaths as may from time to time be prescribed by any laws or 30 statutes in that liehalf made and provided. III. And We do require you to communicate forthwith to Our Privy Council for Our said Dominion these Our Instructions, and likewise all such others from time to time as you shall find convenient for Our service to be imparted to them. IV. And We do hereby direct and enjoin, and it is Our Pleasure, that Our said Privy Council shall not proceed to the dispatch of business uidess duly summoned by your authority, nor unless four Members of the said Council be present, and assisting throughout the whole of the meetings, at which any such business shall Iw dispatched. V. And We do further direct, that if in any case you see sufficient cause to dissent from the opinion of the major part or of the whole of Our said Privy Coimcil so present, it shall be competent for you to 40 execute the powers and authorities vested in you by Our said Commission, and by these Our instructions, in oppositiim to such their opinion ; it being, nevertheless, Our Pleasure, that in every case it shall be competent t« any Member of Our said Privy Council to record at length, on the minutes of Our said Council, the grounds and reasons of any advice or opinion he may give upon any questio-i brought under the consideration of such Council. VI. And it is Our pleasure and you are hereby authorized to appoint by an instrument under the Great Seal of Cunu ia, one Member uf Our said Privy Council to preside in your absence, and to remove W SIGNET TO THE M., AS UOVEUNDK- VICTDKIA R. lillor, Frt'dtriek Temple, , Kniglit Coinmiinder of over Our Dominiim of niiiiKteriii^' the Govern- Court at Haliuoml, thin 10 m of Groat Britain and ) said Frederick Ti-iiiple ada, for and during ( »ur secute all things in due in you, according to tlie Hiich InstrueMons an uetion8 under Our Sign Our Pleasure to lie, tiuit >ur said Dominion ; and by an Act passed in the 20 " An Act to amend the h for the due execution inada, and for the due ijfeme ('oTirts of Record eipiired to tender and 6 hereafter, by yourself 11 and to every persons profit, the said oath of •escribed by any laws or 30 for Our said Dominion ill find convenient for aid Privy Council shall lority, nor unless four the meetings, at which issent from the opinion )e competent for you to 40 these Our instructions, every case it shall be 1 minutes of Our said 1 any question brought instrjDcent uuiler the bsence, and to remove CanadH. him and aniioint another in lii«• absent, t lieu tli<' Senior Memlwr of the Privy Cmmcil actually pn'scnt shall pre^•ide, the seniority ot Outahi.. the AlemlHTs of till- Council being regulated acconling to the date or order of their respective appoint- **'""""' ments thereto. ln.tr..ct^o>m tu Ihe Karl of VII. And We do further direct and enjoin that a full and exact jounial or minute be kept of all the I'liff'n" iw ■' 111- iiuveriior- deliberations, acts, proceedings, votes and resolutions of Our said Pi ivy Council, and that at each meeting oencral of of the said Council the minutes of the last meeting In- read over, contirmed, or amended, as the cane may reipiire, before proceeding to the despatch of any otlur liusiness. VI H. And in the execution of so much of the i>owers as are vested in you by law for assenting to or 10 withholding assent from or of reserving tor the sigiiiliratiou of ( »iir pleasure, Hills which may have been passed by the Houses of Parliament of Our said Dominion, We do direct and enjoin you to guide yourself, as far as miiy 1k) practicable, by the following Rules, Directions, and Instruciions, that is to say : IX. You are not to assent in Our name to any Hill of any of the classes hereinafter specified, that is to say : — 1. Any Pill for tlie divorce of persona joined together in holy matrimony. a. Any Hill whereby any grant of land or money, or other donation or gratuity, may l>e made to yourself. 3. Any Hill whereby any paper or other currency may be made a legal tender, except the coin of the realm or other gohl or silver coin. 20 4. Any Hill imposing differential duties. 5. Any Hill, the provisions of which shall appear inconsistent with obligations imposed upon Us by Treaty. f). Any Hill interfering with the discipline or control of Our forces in Our said Dominion by land and sea. 7. Any Hill of an extraordinary nature and importance, whereby Our prerogative, or the ri;,dits and property of Our Subjects not residing in Our said Dominion, or the trade and shipping of the United Kingdom and its Dependencies, may be prejudiced. 8. Any Hill containing provisions to which Our assent has been once refused, or wiiich has been disallowed by Us. 3n Unless e;irh Hill shall contain a clause suspending the operation of such Hill unto the signification in our said Dominion of Our |jleasuie thereupon, or unless you shall have satisfied yourself that an urgent necessity exists, recpiiring that such Bill be brought into immediate operation, in which case you are authorized to assent in Our name to such Hill, unless the same shall be repugnant to the law of England or inconsistent with any obligations imposed on Us by Treaty. Hut you are to transmit to Us by the earliest opportunity the Hill so assented to, together with your reasons for assenting thereto. X. You will tiike care that all laws assented to by you in Our name, or reserved for the signification of Our pleasure thereon, shall, when transmitted by you, Ije fairly abstracted in the margins, am !« accompanied, in such cases as may seem to you necessary, with such explanatory observations as may be required to exhibit the reasons and occasion for imposing such laws ; and you shall also transmit fair 40 copies of tlie Journals and minutes of the proceedings of the Legislative Hodies of Our said Dominion, which you are to require from the clerks or other proper officers in that behalf of the saiil legislative Bodies. XI. And whereas We have by our said Commission authorized and empowered "W, us you shall see occasion, in Our name and on our behnlf, to grant to any person convicted of mi- cr;me in any Court, or before any Judge, Justice, or Magistrate within Our said Dominion, a pardon 'itlie, free or subject to lawful conditions : Now We do hereby direct and enjoin you to call upon the Ju(>,;e »vho presided at i ■**1 Pri.KMKNT T" THK Appknimx ' ln«triictinn« tnlhoKiirl of niifr,.riri „■. Oiivirncir- flenoBil of Canailn, 10 I I. .^■.,lec.,ll,,.r t.,,.,l„„,l ,„ ,„„,i,|,| , " '"Y '-■■""■■H ..--tMn, l„„ ,„ all .,„.|, ,,„,.. '^ pe,»;, ,'» ,t":;,r :.:;:r :r;r. ';::::::-: ;,i' ''""T'r"'- •■■ ' ''■' >■ > i.™ BranM ,l,„i„,, p|,„„„ „„|j, • "' ""i" "»l»r,, .l,„l|, „„,,„ „i|„.„,,^ ^^^^.^^^^ J i ■ ™» 'J H.gnet,ortIu.ou,honeon>urlV.„cip.,S..on,:L':f si'" ^" '""^'' """^^ '"'^ «^«"-^'a-u. and V.R. DATED .iTrr OCTOHKR ih7h. LETTKRS I'ATFXT PASSED FVDfk T.rv .■». ■2:Sr „ . W'-" We ,Ud, bj certain Le,„^P,„,. „„ ! " °°'°"' "'""■"•" General m and over Onr Dom.n.-. f<. , ^"'chael and Saint George) to I... a, /• ...ih,,,u making „e» Le,t„,..Pat,.„/'°;™™' '" ""'' »'<"■ "•" "i^ I>..mi„ta o ra„.H 30 10 the H..Mt««nce of any Court o(rrn,|,,r, n„d H„eh Keport ,' tli.r..atf..r wl.i.l, ,„,,^ [„. '■iiillysiiiiini„n,.,| toatteiid; '" it Hluill apixar t., you lit in all Mi,.|, ,.H.m,^ y„„ „^j. JM,iK.n..iit, '''"f'liiijf, neverthelcsH, on "" «lio,iM decid,. my nuch ■of. I l'.v you to any person or rwiHo providtMl by law, (,.• H punctually frotu y.-nr t., as urn I'oinpil,.,! in tin- ! works, Ifgislatic.n, civil tnd w ye that We have 3cited Letters-Patent ■ein contained; And , have thou<,'ht fit to 5, that there shall be ;50 9 a Governor-General (hereinaft. r enlleil Our naid Govornor-(ieneral) in and over Our I).pnu„,.u of Canada (hereinafter called Our said Dominion), and that th'- prson wfm .luill Hi! tli.said O|lleeofth<- Governor- (ieneral sliall he from time to time aj.[K.int>( the Peace, and other neces- sary OHieers and Ministirs of Our said Dominion, as may be lawfully constituted or appointed by Us. IV. And we do further authorise and erapow(>r Our said (iovernor-General, so far as we lawfully may upon siifTii-ient cause to him appearing, to remove from his olliee, or to suspend from the exercise of the same, any person exerei>ing any ofTi.e within Our said Dominion, under or by virtue (d" any Commission or Warrant granted, or which may I.e granted, l.y Cs in Our name or under Our authority. •_>() V. And We do further authorise and empower Our said (iovernor-General to exercise all pow.-rs lawfully belonging to us ir -spect of the summoning, prorc.gmng, or dissolving the Parliament of Our said Dominion. VI. And wh.-reas l.y -The ( ,itisl. North America Act, IHfi-," it is amongst other things enacted, that it shall he lawfi ! to; U,--, ii We think tit, to authorise the Governor-General of Our Dominion of Canada to appoint any p« ...1 or persons, jointly or severally, to be his Deputy or Deputies witliin any part or parts of Our sai,! ;)ou;inion, and in that capacity to exercise, during the pleasure of Our said Governor-General, such of the powers, authorities, and functions ,,f Our sai.l Ooveruor-Geiieial as he may deem it necessary or expedient to assign to such Deputy or Deputies, subject to anv limitations or directions from time to time expressed or given by Us : Now We do hereby authorise and empower Om- 30 said Governor-General, subject to such limitations and directions as af.resaid, to appoint any pers.m or per8(ms, jointly or sev.rally, to be his Deputy or Deputies within any part or parts of Our said D,.miniou of (.'anada, and in that capacity to exercisw, during his pleasure, such of his powers, functions, and au- thorities, as he may d(>em it necessary or expcilient to assign to him or them : Provided alwavs, that the appointment of such a Deputy or Deputies shall not allect the exercise of any such power, authority or function by Our said Governor-General in jierson. VII. And We do hereby declare Our pleasure to be that, in the event of the death, incapacity, removal, or absence of Our said Governor-Ge.u.ral out of Our said Dominion, all and every the p^.wers and authorities herein granted to him shall, until Our further pleasure is signilied therein, be ve.l.il in such person as may be appointed by Us under Our Sign-Manual and Signet to be Our Lieutenant- 40 Governor of Our said Dominion ; or if there shall be no such Lieutenant-tlovernor in Our .aid Dominion, then m such person or persons as may be appointed by Us under Our Sign-:Manual and Siunet to admmister the Government of the same ; and in case there shall be no person or persons within Our said Dominion so appointed by Us, then in the Senior Otficer for the time being in command of Our regular troops in Our said Dominion : Providi'd that no such powers or authorities shall vest in such Lieutenant-Governor, or such other person or persons, vmtil he or th..y shall have taken the oatlw appointed to ho taken by the Governor-General of Our said Dominion, and in the manner provided by the Instructions accompanying these Our Letters-Patent. VIII. And We do hereby require and command all Our Officers and Ministers, Civil and Military, c KuPl'l.lMliNr Tl) TMH ONTAMIi. Appkhiiix. LrtUira I'lilvnt OilinMOltinu till' Office. if (InTiTtl'ir? Oi'iitiriil iif Citnudii. 10 MJI'I'I ►ilKNT ni Til). '■ntaiiim Ari'KNUix. Iii'ttcni l'Ht«nt I'MnitiliiliiiK 111.- Offlivuf (iiiviTiior- General uf CuuuUh. .mil nil other thr iiilmliitiiiits (if (tiir mIiI DomiiiiDii, to U; olu'di.-nt. aidinj; .•iiid assistiiif; iiiito Our said flovcrnor-di'iifral, or, in the tvcnt of his ili nth, iiitaiiaeity, or ahsciicc, to Hiich person or persons as may, from tiini' to lime, uiidcr the provisions of these Oiii Letters- I'atent, administer tlie (ioveniment of Our said Domiiiiiiii. IX. And We do herehv reserve to Ourselves, Our ln'irs and suceessnrs, full powrraud authority from time to time to revoke, alt r or amend these Our Letters-Patent as to I's or them shall seem meet. X. And NVe do further direct and enjoin that these Our Letters-Patent sliall he read and proclaimed at such place or places as Our said (iovernor-tieneral shall lliink til within Our said Dominion of Canada. In WitncBS whereof we have caused these Our Ii<'tters to he made Patent. Witness Onrself at Westminster, the Fifth day of Octolier, in the Forty- second Year of Our Uei{,'n. Uy \N'arrant under the (Jneen's Sifjn-Maiiual. (". UOMILLV. 1(» DATKI) r,ni OCTOHKn. 1H7H. INSTHrCTlONS P.\SSKI) INDKW TIIK l{oVAL SKJN-.MAM'AL AM) SFiJNKT To TlIK OOVKHNOK-tiKNKUAL ol' TIIK l)()MINIt>.\ oF CANADA, VICTORIA K. Instructions to Our (lovi-rnor-Cieneral in ami over Our Dominic u of Canada, or, in his ahsence, to Our Lieiitenaut-CiovinKU- or the Ollicer for the time hein;,' admiiiisterinj,' the (iovernment of t)ur said Dominion. (liven at Our Court at Halmorul, this Fifth day of OctolMV, 187S, in the Forty-seeoud year of Our lii'ijjn. 'i'"\™r'""^ NVhereas hy certain Letters-Patent hearin;^ even date herewitri. We have constituted, ordered, and I iov.Tiior- declared that there shall he a (Iovernor-tieneral ( hereinafter called Our said (iovernor-(ieneral) in and c"mid.'i'."' "^'''" **'"■ I^«>"''"'"» of Canada (hereinafter culled Our said Dominion), And We have therehy authorized and eomniiinded Our said (iovirnor-Oeneral to do and exeeiit*' in ihw manner all thin},'s that shall Ix'lon^ to his said command, and to the trust We have reposed in him, according; to the several powers and authorities t^ranled or appointed him hy virtue of the said Letters-Patent aiul of such Commission as may In- issued to him under Our SijjnMamml and Sijjn.et, and aecordinj; to such Instructions as may from time to time In- ;,'iven to him, under our Sif,'n-Manual and Sif,'ni t, or by Our Order in Our Privy Council, or hy I's lhroiiy;li One of Our Principal Secretaries of .Stale, and to such Laws as are or shall hereafter Im- in force in Our said Dominion. Now, therefore. We do, by these, Our Instructions under Our Si;;nManu:d and Si^^net, declare Our pleasure, to lie that Our said (iovernor (leneral lor the time iM'iii;^ shall, with all due solemnity, cause Our Commission, under Our Si^ni .Muiuial and Sijjmt, apjMiintinK Our sjiid (iovernor-(}eueral for th« time InMnfj;, to I)e read and published in the presence ot the Chief .luslici- for the time l«'intj, or other ,Iud|,'e of the Supreme Court of Our said I) uninion, and of the mendjcrs of the Privy Council in Our said Dominion : And We do further declare Our plea.sure to 1m- that Our said (iovernor-tieneral, and every otli r ofiicer a|»pointed to administer the (ioveriunent of Our Hitid Dominion, shall take the Oath of Allegiance in the form provided 1\ an A. I passed in the •S'ssion holilen in the thirly-lirst and thirty-si md years of (tur I{eii,'n, intituled : "An ;\ct to Amend the Law relatiiiff to Promissory Oaths "; and likewise that he or they shall take tiie usual Oath tor the due eieciit ion of the Office of Our (iovernor-tieneral in and over Our said Dominion, and for the due unil impartial administration of justice; which Oathn the said Chief .lustice fur the time iMung of Our 2(1 ltd 11 assist iiifjj unto Our said person or persons as may, r till' (iiivprniiicnt of Our liKWiTani! autliorily front in shall seem meet. II he read and proclaimed jiall, and he is lierehy ii'i|iiired to tender and administer unto him or t lleUI. II. And We c|o authorize and re(piire Oiir said (iovernor-( General from time to time, liy himMilf or Ipv any other person to he aMtliorizi'd liy him in that iielialf, to adiniui^ter to all and to every persons or jterson as he shall think tit, who shall lioM any othee or place of trust or profit in Our said Dominion, the said Oath of Allegiance, tof,'i'ther with suc.i other Oith or Oaths as may from time to time he l>reseriheil hy anv Laws or Sialules in that hehalf made and provided. III. And We do repiire Our said (iovernor-tieneral to communicate forthwitli to the I'rivy Coimcil III lor Our said Dominion tliest^ Oiu- Inst rucl ions, and likewise all such others from time to time, as he shall tiiid convenient for Our service to he imparted to them. IV. Our said ( iov.-rnor-t l.'iieral is to take care that all laws assented to hy Him in Our name, or reserved for the siLjuilication of Our pleasure I hereon, shall, when transmitted hy him, he fairly ahstracted in the margins, and he accompanied, in such casi-s as may seem to him necessary, with such explanatory ohservalioiis us may he recinireil to exhihit tin; reasons and occasions for proposinsj; such Laws; and he shall also transmit fair copies of the .loiinials and .Minutes of tlie proccediu;j;s of the I'arliament of Our sail! Dominion, which he is to reipiire from the ch'rks, or other proper officers in iliat heluilf, of the said Parliament. V. And We do further authorize and empower Our said (iovernor-Oeneral, as he shall see occasion, :i() in Our name anil on Our helialf, when any crime has heen committed for which theoll'ender may he trieil within Our said Dominion, to fjrant a pardon to .oy accomplice, not boinp; the actual perpetrator of such crime, who shall f^ive such information as shall lead to the conviction of the jirincipal offender; and further, to ,i,'iant to any otTender convicted of any crime in any (^om-t, or hcforo any .lud;,'e, Justice, or .Ma;,M>l rate, within (Mir said Dominion, a jtardon, either free or suhject to lawful conditions, or any respite of the executiim o" the sentence of any such ofTenihT, for such period as to Our said (iovernor- (ieneral may seem fit. and to remit any fines, penal* is, or forfeitures which may hecome due and payahle to I's. Provided always, that Our said tlovernor-( General shall not in any case, except where the offence has heen of a political nature, maki! it a condition of any parihm or remission of sentence that the offender shall he l.aiiished from or shall absent himself from Our said Dominion. And We do herehy ;j() direct and enjoin that Our said (iovernor-Oeneral shall not pardon or reprieve any such ofTender without first receivini^ m capital eases the advice of the Privy Council for Our said Dominion, and in other cases the advie.- of on(>, at least, of his Ministers ; and in any case in which such pardon or reprieve mijuht directlv affect the interests of Our lunpire, or of any country or place heyond the jurisdiction of the (lovernment of Our said Dominion. Our said (iovernor-General shall, hefore decidinj,' as to either pardon or reprieve, take those interests specially into his own personal consideration in conjunction with such advice as aforesaid. VI. And whereas great |)rejudice may happen to Our service and to the security of Our said Dominion hy the ahsencu of Our said (iovernor-e Oorornor- 'ifneral of tJunailii DATED 7th OCTOHEU 1878. COMMISSION PASSED UNDEK THE liOYAL SIGN-MANUAL AND SIGNET, APPOINTING THE KIGHT HONOUUAHLE THE MAHQUIS OF LOHNE, K.T., (J.C.M G To HE GOVERNOR-GENERAL OF THE DOMINION OF CANADA. VICTORIA R. Victoria by the Grace of Go.l, of the ITnite.l Kinj^dom of Great IJritain and Ireland, Queen Defender of the Faith, Empress of India, To Our Right, Trusty, and Well-l.eloved CouneiHor Sir John Douglvs SUTHEHLAND Campbell (eommonly called the Marquis of Lorn.), Knight of the Most Ancient and Most Nol.ie Order of the Thistle, Knight (hand Cross of Our Most Distinguished Order of St Michael and St. George, Greeting : We do, by this Our Commission under Our Sign-Manual and Signet, appoint you, the said Sir .loHN Douglas SuTirBHLANn ('ASirnELL (commonly called the Marquis of Lorne\ until Our further pleasure siialllK* signified, to be Our Governor-General in and over Our Dominion of Canada during Our will and pleasure, with all and singular the powers and authorities grantwi to the Governor-tJeneral ot our said Dominion in Our Letters-Patent under the reaftcr receive from Us. And for so doing this shall w your Warrant. II. And We .lo hereby command ail and singular Our officers. Ministers, and loving Bubjects in Our said Dominion, and all others whom it may concern, to take due notice hereof, and to give their ready obedience accordingly. Given at Our Court at Balmoral, this Seventh day of October, 1878, in the Forty-second year of Our Reign. "' ■^ By Her Majesty's Command, .M. E. HICKS BEACH. 10 2(1 13 SIGNKT, APPOINTING K.T., (i.C.M.G., TO HK CHARTERS 1492-1732. Ireland, Queen Defender of ouneillor Sir John Douglas of tlie .Most Ancient and )istiny;uislied Order of St. iippoiut you, the said Sir Lome}, until Our furthi-r uninion of Canada durinff [1 to the Governor-(ieneral United Kingdom of Great minster the Filtli day of authorities We do here1)y >ns as Our said Governor- nd for so doinj; this shall :s, and lovinij sulijtcts in liereof, and (o give their the Forty-second year of U K. HICKS BEACH. 10 2(1 1492, 1584, i(>o;i. l(i(MJ. 1000. 10 1012, 1020. 1021. I(i25. I(i27. 1028. 1C2!». 1029. 1032. i(>;ir>. 1039. 1002. 1003. 1003. 1004. 1005. 1070. 1074. I(i82. 1091. 1732, ... {See Joint Ai>pm(lix ... [Src Joint Aiipviidix 20 30 Ferdinand and Elizabeth of Sp.iin t,. Christ-, pher Columbus ConimiH8ion-Ilcnry VII. oiEngh.ndtotloCabota Qiioen Elizaljoth to Raleigh Charter of Aculia-Henry IV. of France to'tho Sieur do M.,„t8 '. "' l!Son'rV''''"'"'~;'%','"' ^- "^ ^""''""' '" ^" ''''"'""» «''*«« ">"! "ther«,"formi„s tho^Kirst '^r Charter of New Kcotland-Jumoa I. to Sir William Alexander rL a'V • 'a' r' Oraut of Now Ilanipshiro ... Charter of Maryl,Hul--CharIo8 I. to Lord Baltimore' "'. r>s'.."V-*7 )" (Jrant of New Hampshire [f^ec Joint Aniindix Grant of the Proviiico of Maine ... ,„ Charter of Omnecticut ." Charter of Carolina Charter of Rhode Island and Providence Plantation Grant of the Province of Maine Charter of Carolina Charterfromr:.arle8lI. of the Hudson's Bay Co."" "■ r^/'r • ,7 '," Grant of the Province of Maine ... \Sec Joint A,>iicn,l,x Charter of I'onnsylvania-Charlos II. to William Penn r«/V-.T ','■' Charter of Mas8am renn [See Joint AppcuUx Charter of Georgia I'AOH 13 093] 094] 15 10 «97] 21 27 79] 80] 047] 91] 37 48 098] 51 53 02 08 70 84 90 341] 87 704] 98 "0 PKEROGATIVES GRANTED TO CHRISTOPHER COLUMBUS.' FERDINAND and ELIZAliETH, by the Grace of God, King and Queen of Castile, of Uon of Arragon, of S.cdy, of Granada, of Toledo, of Valencia, of Galicia, of Majorca, of Min r « o SevTl' o celona, ^^o <1 'md La.ly of ih.scay and Mohna, Duke and Duchess of Athen.s and Neopatria, Count and Cotmtess ot Rous.lhon and Cerdaigno, Man.uess and Marchioness of Oristan and Gocianti and men t! ^o^ "" T' ,?"^^"P*"''- ^'"'"'°»^»«' -« K-"K by our command, with some of our vessels assistance somt of the said Islands and Continent in the ocean will he discovered and con.mered by vour D Si'ppLBMBirr TO TUB ONTAHrO Proroj^'iitivM gmiited to Cliri.stophor CuUtnibus. 14 Srri'l.KMKNT T|.|iijr Culuiubua, And w(> liciiif,' willing; t„ honour aiiJ favour you for tlic reasons aforpsaiil ; Our will is, That you ("hristoplici- ('oluini.us.afl.T di^cov.rinfr and .•..n,|UtMin;; tlif said Islands and Continent in the said ocean! or an) of tli.in, shall 1h' our Admiral of the Kiid Ishinds and ('ontin<'nt you shall so discover and eoiuiner; and that you he our Admiral, Vice-Koy, and Governour in them, and that for the future, you may call and stile yourself, l>. Christopher Cidiimbus, and that your sons and successors in the said employment, may call themselves Dons, Admirals, Vie.-Hoys, and Governours of them ; and that you may exercise the office of Admiral, with the cliar{,'e of Vice-Koy and (loveriioiir of the said Islands and Continent, which you and your Lieutenants shall eoncpier, and freely decide all causes, civil and criminal, appertain- ing; to the said employment of Admiral, Vice-Hoy, and (rovcrnour, as you shall think fit injustice, and as the Admirals of our kin{<; i!i ill ; Our will in, That you, mtiueiit in tlie naiil uceiin, 1 so (li.xfdvcr and (.'oiKiiu'r ; r the I'lituie, ynu may call in tile Haid einployment, md tliat you may exerciso 1 fslands and Contini'nt, I and criminal, appcrtain- II tliink lit in justice, and ih otrcndtTs ; and yon and !'• ir, in all things Udonfjing rics lM'lonjj;in{^ to the said f our kingdom does. ommand Prince John, our iters and Military Onlera, iitsoevcr, belonging to our and others and all Cor- lermen, Connnon Council, I I'ominions, and in those rs and sailors, our natural -'• that wlu'U you shall have dl have your commission, n you us long as you live, 8 our Admiral on our said •u, Christo|)her ColumbuH, I appointtil, lor executing 'cts, and give yo)i all the (I allow, and cause to l)e 's, inimimities, and other r Admiral, Mce-Hoy, and ;i(i and that they make no 'om this time forward, hy ictujil Governour forever- power to use and exercise liem, as was said above. command our Chancellor, iilege, in such firm and presume to do any thing or each offence. And we o appear liefore us at our •,) le said penalty. I'nder im that shows it him, a SO, I, Thk tiUKKN. UK CIIAIITKH OF ACADIA— ino.",.* Hk.ni!Y, par la gram^ de DI.mi, Roi di' Knince vt de Navarre: A no:* ami's it fi'aux Conseillers les ( )trici('rs de not re Admiriiute de Xormiiudie, Hretngne. I'icardii' \' liuieniie, & a ehacun d'eiix en droit soi, & en IV'tendne de leiuii ressorts & jurisdictions; Saint. Nous avoiis [)our lieaiicoup (rimportantes occasions, ordoniii', conunis X ('taMi le sieur de .Monts, (ientilliomme ordinaiie de iiotre Chainbrc, notrc Lieutenant gi'-iiend, pour |HMipler iV habit r les tt^res, cotes \ j)ays derAeadie, ,\: utttn'n cin'ouroliiiis, en I'etendue du (piarantiAme degre jusiju'au ipiarante-sixieme, iV^ l!\ etablir notre autorite, it autrement s'y loger iV ;i-siirer; <'n sorte ipie nos snjets desormais y puissent etre re^-us, y hunter, resider it trafiipier avec les Sauvages haiiitans dcsdits lieux, comnie plus expressi'ment nous I'avons declare par nos Icttres ]() patentes, exiw'diees it ilelivr»''es pour cet effei audit sieur de Monts le huitii^me jour de novembre dernier, suivant les conditions it articles, moyennant lesiinrlles il s'est charge de la coiiduite \ execution dc; cette er.t reprise. Pour fuciliter laipielle, \ a ceux (pii s'y soul joints avec ' d, it leur doimer (piehpie moyen it com- modite dVn supporter la deptuise ; Nous avons cu agreable ue leur promettre it assurer cpi'il ne seroit jK'rmis a auciins autres nos siijels, ([u'li ceux (pii entreroient en association avec lui pour faire ladite de()en8e, de traliipier d(^ pelleterie it autres marchandisesduranl dixannees, es terre?, pays, ports, rivieres it avenues de I'etendue de sa charge ; ce (pie nous voulons avoir lieu. Nous, pour ces causes & autres considerations a ce nous mouvans, vous mandons it ordomions (|ui' vouz ayez, ehacun de vous en I'l'tendiie de vos poiivoirs, jurisdictions it delioits, a faire de notre part, 20 comme de notre pleine puissance it autorite Ivoyale, nous faisons t n'^s-expresses inhibitions & defenses a tons marchaiids, maitres & Capitaines de naivres, niatelots it autres nos sujets de i|iiel([iie etat, (pialite i*i' condition (ju'ils soient, autres neanmoins i^l: fors h ceux <|ui gont entres en association avc ledit sieur de Monts pour ladite eiitreprise, selon les articles it conventions d'ioelles, par nous arretes, ainsi ipie dit est ; , d'eipiiper aucuns \aisseaux,it en iceiix aih'r on envoyer faiii! trafic it triMjue de pelli'terie, it autres choses avec les Sauvages, frctpienter, n«'!gocier it comninni(|uer durant ledit temps de dix ans, depuis le cap ile Ka/e, ju8(Hi'au gre, comprenant tout", la cote de I'Acad'ie, terre ifc Ciip-lUvtoit, Ixiie de Sdint-Cler, de Chideiw, Islis percees, (iiisjuiij, Chieheilee, Menniniehl, Lesijueiiiin, TudaiiHsac d' la rivih'c de Canada, taut il'un cot 6 que d' autre, it toutea lea f'aiea et rivitrea qui entreat ait dedans 'It'siiitea contit, a |«'ine de desobeissance, it confiscation entiere de leiirs vaisseaux, vivres, amies it ;j() marchandises, au profit diidit sieur de Monts it de ses ass.icies, A: de trente niille livres d'amende. Pour I'assurance it acquit de laipielle, it de la coherfion it punition de leur desobeissance, vous permettrez, corarae nous avons aussi permis & permettons, audit sieur de Monts it associes, do ssiisir, appreiiender it arreter tons les contrevenans a notre presente det'ense it ordoniiance, it leiiis vaisseaux, marchandises, amies it victuailles, pour les amener it reinettre es mains de la justice, it etre procede, tant centre les personnes quo contre les hiens desdits desoheissans, ainsi qu'il appartiendni : ce i» of Istitiidi'. /\n i'X|Kilili"n litlul out uiidir it vi»iti'd I'.i.HBnnmiiui^lily Hiiy in Kill!, and aiiotluT exi'lorwl ilic roast of .Maine in lllo,'i, i.uierinK the lVnol)scol, Kfnncliic, and Saco HivcTK. Uiit in 1008 it wa»iliicidiMl lo nniko a iMTnianiMil sitllnnrnt at Port lioyal. and no lurllur aliiMiipt was niado to plant colonieii uiuliT this riiartor williin the limiu of tin jireiiiiit Statu of Mainf. Tliu Irrnfli in C'aiiniiii, liowivir, -iniiiitaiind fritnilly rilaticniii witli tliu riinoljsroi Indians, and luid spvi rul niitia'onary anil trading itittioni aiuuiig tlit'in until linut liritain look poaat'ii-iuii of tLo country under tlic treaty of I'aria of 107". Ifi *:ii t ! I -Eiil Sfrrt.RMKXT ril THK Ontaiiiii AlTKHDIX. TFIK FII{ST (JirAKTKK OK VIR0I\rA-lGn6, y.J'^^^^''^l!:y'^''^-'''''^^^^ France un.l Trdaml, Dof.n.lor of the Faith. ..Vc. \\ia;n!,AS our lovinjr an.l w..ll-,li>,„;M..l Suhj.rts, Sir Thn,„a. (i'ltr, •i,„( SI,- C < T,,.. r^ ;;-"f' S '^i-'ian. Haeki,.i. Cork, Pr-U-n-iar of W.^ins;.., a.', l" J ; U JaH W^H: f Tir: n....or 1 anha,,^ a... Hal,.,h .HIN.., Ks.,rs. WilUam Tarker, an.l (i.-or,. ,..,pham, G^^t^X mc'd^ .,,,. oh... of our lovn., Sn ,.,., have he.-n hun.l.h. Suitors unto „.. that w!. wouhl vouchsaf unto ,1" our L.eence, o u.A. Kal station, IMantation, an.l to .J..,luc... a colony of «un,lry of our People i.to " par. of A.nera.a c.-nunonly calle.l Vzno.sn, a:„l otlu. part, an,! T.'ritories in Amerfca, ith pper a.n.n,M„. o u., or whu-h are not now actually possesse.l hy any Christian Prin,. or People. «tuat y.n, au,l l..n,, all a..,-. ... Sea Coasts, between four and thirty Degree, of Northerly La it ule I' ,o e lwu,no..,.al I u„. ■ ,., „ve au.l forty Decrees .,f the same Latitu.h, and in the main Lan^ hetwee" he sanu. tour au. thu.y an.i l.ve an.l forty De.Mces. und the Ishuuls ther..unto a.ljn.cnt. a, within o,.e hundred Miles ot tlie Coast ti.reof; ""uiii ont. An.l to that Kn.l, an.l for th.- more npeedy Accomplishment of their sai.l i, tend.-l Plantation u-ui Hahuat.on tl.er.- ar.. .Uin.us to .livi.l.. thems. ves into two several Colonies a. I t^.npan^ ^ " ' cons>. n,^ o eertan. Kn.^hts, (ienfle.n..n, Mer i.antH, and other A.lventnrer«, of o.r Ciiy of I..,.,doua u^ e sewhere, winch are, and from time to time shall 1.,. joine.l unto them, .hieh d., .iesire t.. l,egin tl- ii lantat.on an.l Ha ,„a.,on ,n some fit an.l eo„v..ui..nt Place, l.tween four and thi.U and one and forty •,n-e,.s of the sa,.l I.a, :. ude. alonj^st the Coasts „f Virginia, and the Coasts of AmJrica aforesai.l : An.l he other cons.s hng of sun.lry Kn.ghts, Gentlemen. A»erchanf .. . ,.! other A.lventurers. of our Cities of '.„ r,s.ol and T.^eNr, an, ..f ..ur Town of P,im.,utl,. an.i of othe.- Piaees, which do join them^elve. u.to ha. ( olony wh.ch d,. . esm- to l.egm .h.-ir Plantation and Hahita.i.n ir. -omo t.t and convenient i'i.ce. between e^.. an.l th.ty iV.ree. an.l fiv-an.l fl.rty IJ,,,.- ..f thu said Latitude, all ,n.u^t the ;^d Coasts of \ nt;i na and Ameriea, as that ( oust lyeth : . ^^ t le „ W ^?' T->"^' *■"">;"'■»;'' '•; "'.war.s tl,e\\,.tan,l Scuithwest. as the Coast Iy,..h. with all the Islands «i,hin one hundred Miles 40 directly over aga.nst the «.me S.-a Coast; An.l also all th.. Lan.ls, Soil, Groun.ls, Havens, Ports, J,v..rs. M..U.S, M.neras VN.K>ds Waters, Marsl...s, Fishings, (-omn..Hliti..s, an.I H..r..,litam..n.s w.ats..ev.T fr.,m.l,.. sai.l Place ..fth..,rli,st Planta.h.n an,l Habitation tor th.-spuceof fifty like English Miles, a along:,t the sai. casts of Xirginia an.l Arneri.a, towar.Is tl,.. Fast an.l N..,tl...as.. or toward the North, as the (.oast lyeth, together with all .he Islan.Is wi.hin one hun.ire.l Mihs, .lirectly over against th._ sau S.. a Coast ; An.l also all ,1,.. Lan.ls. Woo.ls, Soil. Ground,, Havens. Ports. Rivers, Lues. M.ue.als, Abarsh..s, \ a.ers, jMsh.ngs, Con.mo.li.ies, an.l H..r..,litam..nts, wha.so..v..r, from .1... san.e fifty Miles every way on . ,• Sea Coast, directly into the mai,. Lan.l by .1... Spac of .,ue huu.liv.l lik.. Fnglish Miles ; An.l shall an.l may i..habit an.l r.main th.re : and shall and may also build and fortify within I ll'ii 17 rcland, Dcfendor of tJie and Sir (icorf^c SonuTS, ariii Wingfield, Tlioniaa Oontlernen, and divers Id vouclisafe unto (hem if our People into that America, either apper- ince or Peopl(>, situate, ortlierly Latitude from K) be main Land Iwtween idjn^onf, (jr within one itenri!:,! I'liintntion a;i desire to l)«gin ();■. ir lirty and one and forty imerica aforesaid : And turern, of our Cities of 2(1 join themRelvcf! mto and convenifiit i'luce, e, iiU .li.imgvt the s-jiid furtherance of so nohle e (jlory of his Divine arknesH and miserahle le Infidels and Savages, it: Do, hy these our d desires ; 30 it the said Sir Thomas iiturers of and for our Colony, shall Ije called itliitation, at any place ieut, l)etween the said ley shall liave all the Waters, Ki.shings, Corn- ion and Hahitaliun by i'iiKiiiia and America, ill one hundred .Miles 40 uuds, Havens, Ports, and Hereditaments, e of fifty like English Northeast, or toward 1 Miles, directly over Ports, Kivers, Mines, ', from the same fifty hundred like Knglish hi und fortify within any the same, for their iM-tter Safeguard and Defence, according to their best Discretion, and the Dis- cretion of the Council of tliat Colony ; And that no other of our Sulijects shall ii.' permitted, or siitfered to plant or inhabit behind, or on the I'lackside of them, towards t lie m;iiu Laud, without the Kxjuess License or Consent of the Coimeil of that Cohiiy, thereunto in Writing first had and obtained. And we do likewise, for Us, our Heirs, Successors, by these Presents, Grant and agree, that the said Tliomas Hanham, and Kalegh Gilbert, William Parker, and George Popliam, and all others of the Town of Plimouth in the County of Devon, or eNewh-Tc, which are, or sli;dl be, joiui-d unti tliem of that Colony, shall be called the second ('olony ; And tuat they shall and may begin their said Plantation and Seat of their first abode and Habitation, at any Place upon the said Coast ofVirginia and America, where 10 they shall tliink fit and convenii^it, Ixtween eight and thirty Degrees of the said Latitude, and five and forty Degrees of the same Latitude; And that they shall have all the Lands, Soil?, (irounds. Havens, Ports, Kivers, Mines, Minerals, Woods, ^'.arshes, Waters, Fishings, Commodities, and Hen-ditaments, whatsoever, from the first Seat of their i lantation and Habitation by the Space of fifty like linglish Miles, as is aforesaid, all alongst the said Coasts of Virginia and America, towards the West and Southwest, or towards the South, as the Coast lyetb, and all the Islanh Miles; And shall and may inhabit and remain there; and shall and may also build and fortify within any the same for their better Safeguard, according to their best Discretion, and the Discretion of the Council of that Colony ; And that none of our Subjects shall Iw permitted, or sulTered, to pLuit or inhabit behind, or on the back of them, towards the main liaud, without express Licence of the Council of that Colony, in Writing thereunto first had and obtained. Provided always, and our Will and Pleasure herein is, that the Plantation and Hal)itation of such of .30 the said Colonies, as shall last plant themselves, as aforesaid, shall not be made within one huut Charier nf Virginia - 160(1. ? I I }»tPPLIIJIEVT TO TIIK ONTjtHIO Al'PINDIX. The Kim Chitrter of VirRinia— IflUU. fi;' t 18 aevoral Colonies, as of and for any other Part or Place, within the nforosaid Precincts of four and thirty and fiv.> and forty D.-frnrs alK,vcincntioned ; Wliioh Council shall, in like manner, have a Seal, for Matters conterning the Coimcil or Colonies, with th.- like Anns and Portraiture, as aforesaid, with this inscription, en^fraven round about on the one Side ; Sij^illum K. ^is .Magnie liriUuniu.", Kranciu;, & lIilK>rnia3 ; and round alwut on the other Siile, Pro t^onciilo fuo Virginia'. And moreoTer, we do (Jiiant and an;ree, for Us, our Heirs and Successors; that that the said several Councils of iuid fi .• the said several Colonies, shall and lawfully may, hy Virtue hereof, from time to time, without any fnterruption of Cs, our Heirs or Successors, give and take Order, to dig, mine, and search for all .Manner of Mines of Gold, Silver, and Copper, as well within any Part of their said s.-veral Colonies, and of the said main Lands on the Packside of the same Colonies; And lo to HAVKand enjoy the (lol.l. Silver, and Copprr, to Im gotten thereof, to the I'se and Jk>hoof of the same Colonies, and tlie Plantations thereof; ViELniNO therefore to Us, our fleirs and Successors, the fifth Part only of all the same (fold and Silver, and the fifteenth Part of all the same Copper, so to Is- gotten or had, as is aforesaid, without any other .Manner of Profit or Account, to he given or yielded to Us, our Heirs, or Successors, for or in respect of the same : And that they shall, or lawfidly may, establish and cause to Ih? made a Coin, to pass current there between the people of those sev.-ral Colonies, for the more Kase of Tradick and Bargaining Ix-tween them and amongst them and the Natives there, of 8U(di .Metal, and in such Manner and Form, as the said several Councils there shall limit and appoint. And we do likewise, for Us, our Heirs, and Successors, by these Presents, give full Power and 20 Authority to the said Sir Tiiomas Gates, Sir (ieorge Somers, Richard Hackluit, Kdward-.Maria Wing- fiehl, Thomas Hanliam, Kalcgh Gilb.rt, William Parker, and (leorge Popham, and to every of them, and to the said several Comjjanies, Plantations, and Colonies, that they, and every of them, shall and may, at all and every tim(> and times hereafter, have, take, and lea and surprise, by all Ways and .Mean.s whatsoever, all and every Person and Persons, with their Siiips, Vessels, Goods, and other Furniture, which shall Is- sound traflicking, into any Harbour or Harbours, Creek or Creeks, or Place, within the Limits or Precincts of the said several Colonies and I'lantations, not Ining of the same Colony, until such time, as they, being of any Realms, or Dominions under our Obedience, shall pay, or agree to pay, to the Hands ofthe Treasurer of that Colony, within whose Limits they shall so traHick, two and a half ui)on every Hundred, of any thing, so by them trafficked. 19 cinctB of four and thirty anner, have a Heal, for ', !iH uf'orcsaid, with tliis |{rituniiiiL', Kraucia', & )r8 ; that that the said liy Virtue hereof, from iiul take Order, to di\r, 'ell within any Part of le Hanie Colonies; And lo the I'se and Jk'hoof of ir Heirs and SucceKsorB, all the same Copper, so kciount, to be given or n, to paHs current there nd Hargainiufif In-tween inner anil Form, as the s, give full Power and 20 t, Kdward-.Maria Wing- d to every of them, and t>f them, shall and may, l^e, and for and towards le and inhabit there, in all willingly aceonipany pping, and Furniture of jr the said Plantations, 'erbons be such, as shall 30 iiVK ANn onANT Licence aria Wingtield, Thomas the said Colonies, that 'er hereafter, for their by all Ways and Mea-is ice of the said several icts and Limits of the ttempt, or at any time lintitions : ieorgt; isomers, Richard 40 ny, diid unto the said iieir Associates of the ever hereafter. Power L'ry Person and I'ersoiis, king, into any Harbour J sescral Colonies and Healms, or Dominions at Colony, within whose so by them trafficked. bought, or sold; And being Strangers not Subjects imder our Olieyance, until they shall pay five \\\wu every Hutnlred, of suoli Wares and .M(!rchan hen, all tlie Goods and Chattels of such Person or Persons, so oifending and transporting, together with the said Ship or Vessel, wherein such Transportation was made, shall Ix; forfeited to Us, our Heirs, and Miccessors. Provided always, and our Will and Pleasure is, and we do hereby decl.ir<; to all Christian Kings, Princes, and States, that if any Person or Persons which shall hereafter be of any of the said several Colonies and Plantations, or any other, by his, their, or any of their iiicence and Appointment, shall, at any Time or Times hereafter, rob or spoil, by Sea or Land, or do any Act of unjust and mdawful Hostility 40 to any the Subjects of Us, our Heirs, or Suceesscus, or any the Subjects of any King, Prince, Ruler, Governor, or State, being then in League or Amitie with Us, our Heirs, or Successors, and that upon such Injury, or upon just Complaint of sueh Prince, Ruler, Governor, or State, or their Subjects, We, our Heirs, or Successors, shall make u\tc\\ Proclamation, within any of the Ports of our Realm of England, ctnnmodious for that purpose. That the said Person or Persons, having committed any such robbery, or Spoil, shall, within the term to \>e. limited by such Proclamations, make full Restitution or Satisfaction of all such Injuries done, so as the said Princes, or others so comp! 'lin^. may hold themselves fully satisfied and contented ; And, that if the said Person or Pei-sons, having committed such Roblieryor Spoil, shall not make, or cause to Ik; made Satisfaction accordingly, within such Time so to ln' limiti-d. That then it shall be lawful to Us, our Heirs, and Successors, to put the said Person or Persons, haviug com- ru TUK ONTAklo APflNUIX. Til* l-'irx (,'llul'ler III Vjr);iiiiit luuu. i so s, ..riKMNNr mittpd «uch Kol.lwry or Spoil, and their Procurers, Aln^ttorH, nnd fomforters, .,m of our AllfKiin.ce niul ()»T»H„. ''••"♦•H-tion ; And that it hIiiiII U- lawful and free, for all I'rinr.M, and others to purhiie with hostility the Huid oHeuders, und ovt-ry of ihem, and their and every of ,r I'rocurorH, Aider*, ubettorg, and comforter*. in that behalf. .'ti'PiNnu. Thn Fir.i <'h«ri>T of Vinjinia — IfllKi. 211 And finally, wp do for Us, our fleirn, and SiieeesHors, (r rant nnd apree, to and with the wid Sir Tlioman dates, Sir (Jeorpe S,.merH. Hicliard Hackluit, Kdward-Maria W in^field, atid all others of the will hrnt colony, that We, our Heim und SuecesKors, Uj, u Petition in that Melmlf to Ik* inmle, shall, by I^tterH Patent und. r the Great Seal of Kn^dand, (iiVK un.l (iBANi, unto mieh P. r^onn. th.ir II. m an.l AHHi^fns, as the Council of that Colony, or the most part of them, Hhall, for that Purpun , nominate and fission all the LindH, Tenement,., und Here.litamentH, which shall be within the Preciuctn limited for U> that Colony, an in Hlurenaid, To BK noLi.KN of IJ., ,.„r heirn and HucceHHor«, as of our Manor at Ka«f- (ireenwich, m the County of Kent, in free and wmmon SoecaRe only, and not in Capite : An.l do in like M;.,mer, Grant and A-r-v for l\ our Heir, and Sucoe^^ors, to and with the .aid 1 homan lanham, Ual. ;,!. Gilbert, \ ..,,•.,... !•«, '. , . .nd ( Jeorffe P.,,,.,a,n, and all others of the .aid KTond olony, Ihat W e, our Heirs, a' ' .uccess«,v, „|H,n Pe.ition in that Muilf to 1h. made, .liall, by L.tters- Patent, mider the Great Sen! of Kngland, Givk an.l Gbant, nntr. such Pers<,ns, their Heirs an.l AsH-ns. m th... f ounc.l ..f that i\,\ouv. «, the most I'art of ,l„.m, shall tor that Purpose n.miinate and assign, all the Lan.ls, Tene.u.'nts, an.l lb re.litanu'nis, which .hall be uithin the Precin.ts limited for that Coh.ny as ,8 afor.-sai.l, T.. dk Holi.kn of Us, our Heires, an.l Successors, as of our Manor of East-Greeuwich, in the (.ounty ot K.nt, in tree and common Soccafje onlv, nr ' - •> Capite. All which r,an.ls Tenem-mts. and Her.-.Iitam. .,ts, so f.. be passcof bu.l, mad.-. ..nlain-d, or any other Thin-, Cause, or Matter whatsoever, in any vise n..twithstan< -liotdd t'r.ipn timi- to time, for ever alter, be joined with them as Planters or Ailveutuiers in the said I'laiitatioii, and ID their Siieeensors, for ever, nhould be one Pody politick, incorporated by the Name ot The Treasurer and Company of Adventurers and PlanterB of the City of I^ondon for the tirttt Colony in Virpinia. And whereas also for the >,'reater Good and Benefit of the siiid Coiui)aiiy, and for the; Iwttei Furtherance, Stren(,filieniiif,', and Kstablishiui^ of the -aid Plantation, we did further (rivi:, rjuvNT and CosmtM, by our Letti-rs-iiatents luito the said Company and their Siiccessorn, for ever, all those I^nds, C.juntries or Territories, tilt uate, lying and iM'in^' in that Part of Araerici called Virffinia, from tie' I'.nn of Land ( Ued Cape or Point Comh.rt all alonvf the Sea Coasts to the North -ard two hundred .Milen; and from the said Point of Cope Comfort all alonjj the Sea Coast to the Southward two hundred Miles ; and all that Space and Circuit of Laud lyi'ii,' from the Sea Ci.ast of the Precinct at'oresai''. up into the Jiand tlirouj,du)Ut from Sea to Sea NVe.-t and North-west; and also all the Islands lyiuj; within one ;lony i ■ iiginia, and iM-ing within three Hundred Leagues of any of the Parts heretofore granted i i the said Ireasurer and Company in oiu- said former Letters-Patents as aforesaid, and being within or between the one-and-fortieth and thirtieth Degrees of Northerly Latitude. Together with all and .-ingular Soils, I ids, (iroirnds, 1! -ns Ports, b rs, Wa*-rs, Fishings, Soi'Pi' I • ru iiiK Omtaiiii Api'kvihv ThfThiril Clwrlur of VirKini.i 1611-12. 93 lU IIU. ••iTAMIil ! I Tli.iTliirl L'hurtcr I if ittll- li. \lin.-K nrnl MiiuTiils iw w.ll I{,.yal Min... of (i.>|.l aii.l Silv.-r, ni. oti.rr Miii.s an.l Min-Tul-. P.-arl-, pm-ioiw StoiMs (^UiirrioH, UII.I all aiH Miiffiilar oth.-r r.,„wn.^iti.s .riin..lictio,M, UuyaltirH, l'.iviU.j{,.H, hnin.l.i-,.H. ;„hI l'.vl„-min.-n.,.., boll, withii, tli.. nai.l Tni.t of LiikI ii|Mm III.- Mai.., niul uIho within thJ ■.ai.l InlaixlH aii.l S,..^ ;.,lj..i,ii!i- what vvr and th.T.-mito or (h.MvalH.iiiH, iN.th l.y S.m aii.l Lan.l beinir or Hitimtf, ' " .A.iil whiih, |py our l.iit.rs-I'atentH we mayor cun tfruiil, aii.l in a-* ainplc .Maimer nx Wt- or anv o.ir nohl.. l',njr,.|,i,,„^ i,„v,. hi-reloforo gninl.-d to any l'.'r*.n or I'er*>ns, or to any (^oin|Miny, Ho«ly I'ohtiik or ciM|Mral.sor to any Advent. iivr or Advent unrM, I'lidertakeror l'..dertak..s of any Discoveries, I'lanlalioiiH, or Tiadlek, ot, in, or into a.iy foivi;,'!. I'aits whatsoever, and i.i us large a,. I am|,le Ma.nn-i' as if the ham. were herein partieniarly luiined, mentioned, und ex|>r.;*HtMl. j,, Provided alwayK, that Hie wtiil ManiU or any I'.emiHes herein inentiontHJ, or hy thcH« Prenentn .ntended or meant to he ffianted. he not aeti.ally possessed or inhahit,,! hy any oih-r Christian I'rince or Estat.'. nor he within the llomids, Limits, or Territories of the .Northern Cohniy he.etolore l,v Is granted to 1„. planted hy dive.s of unr loviiij,' Subjects in the North Purti* of Virjjfinia. To iiAVK AND TO Hoi.ti, possfiuH and enj..y, all ond sinj,'nliir the MJiid Ishmdn in the naid Ocenn Seus so lyinj,' and hoideriii;,' upon (he Coast ud Coasts of tlu- said Territories of the said (irst Colouy in VirKinia, as afor.'ign-. for ever. To MK Hoi.i.KN OK I s, onr Heirs and SiiccessorH, as of our Manor of Kist-Uretrnwlcli, in K.ee and eoinn.on Socca^'e, and not in C.ipitc. ViKi.i.iNo AMI pAVi\(i thiietore to I's, our Heirs and Snecss.irs, the nfth Part of the Ore of al! (ioUl and Si|v,-r whieh shall he th.re gotte.i. had, or ohtnim-d for all Manner of Si-rvices whatsoever. And finthei-, Our Will and Ph-asiire is, and We do by these Prt'sents, ohant ani. tonkium, for the (food and Welfare of the 8aictively, and accuding to the Pio,K)rtion and Value of their several Adventures, uavk, iioi.i., and kn.iov, all Mich Interest. Kight, Title, Privileges, Pre- heminenc<-s, Liberties, Franchises, Immuniti, . Profits, and Commodities whatsoever, in as hirge and ampltt and beneficial .Mannei-, to all Intents, Constructions, and l'nrp.i8es, m any other Ads entures n.iininated and expressed in any ,.iir former Letters- Patents, or any of them have <.r may have by Force and Virl.h- of these I're^eiiis. or any our h>rmer Letters-Piitents whatsoever. And We a.e further jihased, and We do by those Presents oiiant and ( (inkiiim, that Pliilij. Karl oi 40 -Montgomery, William Lord Paget, Sir John Starrington, Knt. &c. whom the said T.easur..r and Com- pany have since the said last Letters -Patents in.miiiated and set down as worthy and disciwt Perwms tit to s.-rv.. I's asC..iuiselIors, to be .if our Coii-u il for the said I'lantation, hliall be reputed, d.'cmed, and taken as Persons of our said Co.mcil for the said first Q.l.my, in such Manner and Sort, to all In'teiit.- and Purposes, as thus., wh.. have been formerly .deeted and nominated as our ( oiinsellors for that Colony, and whose names have been, or aie inserted and expressed in our said former Letters-Patents. And we do jiereby oi-dain and grant by these Presents, that the said Treasurer and ('orapan\ I 2.1 III iin's ami .Miiii'iiiN, PtarU, »u*, |{i)\MiticH, l'ri\ilcji;fH, Miiiii, niiii uIho within tlii^ liy M«.i iiud Liinil lH>iiiK or |>li' MimiiiT nt \Vt' or any 1- f'> liny C()in|iiiny, Hmly rtalvii i)f any l>iseovfri»*s, liirjfc a, I 1 .im|)!f .Muuufr nwl, or l)y tlieno I'n-Mnits 1)1 Ikt Christian Prince or ri)lony luTi'luforc l.v Is rginiii. in the Niiid Ocean Hens xi . I \mt t'dlony in Vir|,'inia, II itnd Hin;,'nlur other the Hii'iru the wiid Trcajiiirer olony ill Virginia, and t.i U'liitof of thi'in tlif sii.f -J,, >Gret?nwich, in Free and irt of the Ore of 111! Ciohl ;<'H whatHouver. ST ANO CONKIIIM, for the ow who have adventured he general (iood of their lat Our tru.sty and well- tinglon, Kdward Kail of ;(,, r.s-1'alent!* are In-cotne ters of tlie said < 'oin|)any all Ih' Mretliren and free he rrojwrtion and Valm , Title, Privileges, Pre- atsoever, in ha lur^e and 118 any other Advent ureH c or may have li\ |'".,rt . int, that Philip Kail ot 40 lid TieaMirer an iir ( lunsellors for that irrner I4etter8-Patents. 'reusiirer and ('omi)an\ I of Advent iifepK and IManterH afor"i«aid, hIiaII and may, rmce every week, or oftener, at their Pleooure, hold, and l«e|i a Court and A^xemhly for tin' hetter Order and (loverntnent of the siid Plantation, and • line, and the Niiriilier •>( fifieen others, at the ha-t, of the (iene"ality of tlie suiil CiiiiipaiiN, asseinlili d together in >iii h .Munnei', as is and hath heeii iieretof ire ii«ed and accustomed, ^hall l>e said, tu no Omtahi'i Al'IHNIllll. Tlie ^l|j^l t'h.irt.r of \ irKiiiiH Hill 'IJ. taken, held, and repnti'd to he, ami -hail !• a -iitlirieiit ('..int of th«' -aid Company, for the h:-' lUid ordering, and disp.'iieliiii^ of all -iieh ca-uil aiiij pailieiiiar ( ticurrenee-, and accidental Af'-ru li'-s Conse.pienci' and Weight, as shall from Time ti Time liaji|ien, touching and concerning !!i< lt( P •il.^ d di ■t f lantation. And that nevertheless, for the handliii',!, onw-nng, ami tiispo^iiig ot .Matters anil .Mtiin* o greater Weight in.d Iniportanee, 'ind siieh as shall or may, in any .*>ort, concern the NN'eal Pnlilick ami general (iiHid of tht> said I 'ompany and Plantation, as namely, the Manner of (ioveniinent from Time to Time to lie used, the onhriiig and IHsposing of the I^ands and Possessions, and tlut detlling and Hstahlishing of ,1 Trade ilnre. or such like, there shall he held and kept every Year, upon the hist Wed- nesilay, save one, of Hillary Term, Kasler, Trinity, and Michaelmas Terms, for e\ery, one great, general, and solemn Asscmhiy, which four Assemhiies shall he slilrd and called, The four (ireat and (ieneral Cmrts of the Coimcil and Ciimiiany of Ailventures for Virginia ; In all and every of which xaid Great and (ieneral t'ourt, so a--semliled, our \Vill and Plea-ure is, and we do, for I's, our Heirs and Successors, fui ever, (iive and (iiant to the said Treasiiier and Company, and their Succe»sors for ever, hy these •_'ii Presents, that Ihey, the said Tn nsiirer and Company, or the gn ater numlM'r of thcin, no assemhled, shall and may liave full Power and Authority, from 'I'ime to Tinie, and at all times liercnftei, to elect and chiise discreet Persons, to he of our said Council for the said tir-t Colony in Virgiiia, and to nominate aiitl appoint hucIi Officers ih they «hall tliirk fit and recpiisite, for the (ioveniinent, managing, ordering, and dispatching id" the Aflairs of theitaid l^impany. .And shall likewise have full Power and .\uthorily, to ordain and make such Laws aiiil ( )rdiiiances, for the (iiiod and \\ rit'are of the said Plantation, as to them I'roni Tiiic to Time, shall U- thought reipiisite and iiieei ; So alwajs, as the same he not contrary to the IjHws and Statuten of thi* our Healm of Kiigland ; And shall, in like Manner, have Power and Authority, to expiil-e, disfranchise, and put oiif of and from their said Company and .Society for ever, ail ami every such Person and Persons, as having either 30 promiiHMl or suhscrihed their Names to liecome Adventurers to the said Plantation, of the said tirst Colony ill Virginia, or having heen nominated for .Vdventurers in these or any other our Letters-Patents, or having heen otherwise admitted and nominated to he of the said Company, have nevertheless either not put in any adventure at all for and towards the itaid Pluntatiim, or eUc have refiined or neglected, or shall refuse and neglect to liring in his or their Adventure, hy Word or NNriting, iirotnised witliin six Months after the same shall In; so payahle and e dangerous and |»reiudicial to the same, and much to have injured the Progress and Proceeding of thi- said Plantation, and for that it seemeth unto I's a Thing reasonahle, that such Pi^rsons, as hy their Hand Writing have 40 engaged theinsidvea tnr the Payment of their Adventures, and afterwards neglecting their Faith and Promise, should lie compelled to make good and kei'p the same: Theretore, onr Will and Pleasure is, that in ;iny .Suit or fruits eominencc»n,it.vwi.^.u.^a^..,.rna(ural F,i.-^.. Sulj.M-ts, l„.rn i„ ....y our R.-alms an.l I)..„.ini..nH: A.nl that all H..d. I ..•...,.« ... ..i-.t.., .1..,..,. an.l a.lu.itt..,! U. Ik- of th.- .ai.l CoM.pan.v a. afor, >ai.l. .hall thnvupon 1... t«kH, reput...,. an. he. . au.Uhall I... .V.... .M..mlK,r. ot ,1... K.i.l Co.npauy, nn.l .|..li ,,av.., hol.l, au.l .•njoy al a,..l MUKular It lo.,.., Li,...r„..s, hVanchis.., l.rivih.p.H, |.„„.„ni,i. s, |;..,n.|its, I'n.li.H an.l (o,uM.... ..... wha.-.H.v.., ,o ,1... ...i.l Co,..,.a>.y i,. a,.y nort lH.|o,.,i,.« .,, .p,,.„.,.in..„<, a. Inllv, IVeelv, an.luu.,.ly a.a,.y ..,h..r A.U....t,.n.r.„.w iK-i,.,., or which h..r..a.u.r a. a,.y T..,,- .hiiil 1. ..t'.he ..i.i ( on.,m,.y. hath, hav, .hail, may, n.iKh,. or o„Kht to have u«.l enjoy the .a„... U, all l.,le„t. a...! Purposes A...I w.. .1., f.,rth..r ..» our . H,,e.ial (irac, .vrtai., Kuowh-.l^r,. an.l m..r.. Motion, for Ts r M.ir. an.l .s„cc..HHorH Kno un.l Krant ..nto th,. nai.l Tr....M....r an.l Con.panv, an.l th.ir .s,,,,,,,..,^ f.,r l(. ;?.*■'■• '•',',':"■ ':*■"'■""'' "'■" " "''"l"- l"w'»l "«' „n.l l».t.;..-. an.l lo,J ,a.l.. w,i|, ,1... l'..„ph. th,.,-. an.l ... ,««.inj, an.l .vtnrninK to :,n.l t,.,,.,, wi,h„ui paving or y..-Ul.utf .my SuUi.ly, VmUnu, or Impositi.,n. , ith.r i.,w.ml or .,uiwa,,l, „r any ..th, r Dutv t,. iVonr 2o Hfir:. and .SiUf..HH..rH, h.r th,. .an..-, for th.. Spa,-,. ,.f .S, v.n V.ar.s f,-,.,,, th.. ,lal.- ,.f t !,.■..■ I'.-.sc.n. An.l W.. .1.. f„rtl,..,-.for Is. o„r ll..i.,s an.l .Sn..,.,.H«,r«, ^iv.- an,| >;,ant to th,. s.i.l Tr.aM.„.r an.l ( on.pany. an,l tl„.,r .s„...v,..,.r,s f,.,vv..,-, I.y th.>.. l'ns,-nl«. that tl„. N.i.l T.,.as,„vr ..I that . „„ p.„v or hiH n.-pi.ty t..r th- T.n... l,..inK'. ..r any two ...h.-r ..f tho .ai.l C.un.il, l.,r th..- s.i.l ti.«t . oK.ny in ^.r^Mn.a, «..r .!,.■ T,,.,.. IhI,,;;, .,r a..y tw., ...h.-r at allTinn-H h.-.-affr. an.l fn.n, Tin... to Time, have hill IW.-r an.l authority t.. n.iniM.-r an.l ^iu- Ih.. Oath an.l Oath. „r .S.pr.ma..v .an.l An.j;ianc,. ..r mther ot th.-m. t.. all an.l .-v.-ry |N.r.s..n an.l p,.r..,nM, which shall at any Ti.n.M.r Tin....s 1.... alt, r, «., or L. t.i thi' Maid Ottl.ii. I in \ irj^inia. An.l fnrth.r, that it nhall U. lawful lik..wiH,. I.,r th,. nai.l T.-.-aMun-r, or hi. I),.pnu (,n th,. Tin... lH..nK or any two or oth.r. ..f ,.„r m.i.l .•oun..il, f.,r .1... sai.l first C.h.n. in Virginia, f..r tl„. Tinn- U-iuK. ■>. from .n.ot.. l.m... .....I „, all T.m.-H h.-natfr t.. m.n.M.r m,.!, a forn.al OatI y ,h.ir .i,s,.r..t,.!;. shall Ih. r..a«onal.ly.leviM..I.,uw..ll ,.nlo any I •...■..„ ..r I'-houh cmph,y-.| i„, ,-..r, . , Munching,, 1... s...l nanlat.on,lorth..,rhon..st,laithl,.lan.l j..., l.„cl,arKo ..f th..,r .Srvico in all hucI. Mutfrn an nhall U- .•..'nm.tf.|..ntotlH.,n,f.,rth.-.i,.,Mlan.l H.-n-.ti, ..f ,1... nai.l fompany. Colony an.l IManta.i.m ; Ah aU, unto ....h .,ll„.r lVr«on or IV,-...,.. „. s.i.l Tr.„M,r,.r. ..r hi. |)..p,.tv, with two ...h, ,. of tho sai.l «..un.al .hall think n.-.t. lor tl... Kxan.ination ..r .•l.-a.!,,- ..f th.. Truth, in any Ca,,... ul.ats.M.v... c.nc.rnn.K th- nai.l l'la,.tati..n, ..r any I.UHin..^ f,,.m th.n.... p,-..,.,.,.,linK. or th.r.H!,i,. U-ha.-in ;. And f..r.herm..re. wh«r,.,u. W,. have lM.,.n c,.r(iti,.l. That .livers l,.w,| ,.n.l ill ,lis,H,M.,l |'-rs,.nH lK,tl Httihir*. .Sohh.TN ArlilK-erH, llu.U.n.lm.-n. l^.lHU.n-rH an.l oth.-r., hav,,.;,' r..,.,w..l \\„fr,,,, Vp,,,,,.', ,„„1 oth-r Knt..rta.nn..-nt. Ir th- .ai.l Company, ..r havinj; conlracte,l. an.l .y^rml with , ,.„1 . om'pans \>' »,. ^o. .,r to .« rve, ..r t.. !«• ,.mph,y.,l in th.. mii,! IMantati..n of th.- s.i.l fi.i (uh.nv ,., \i,,.in,4 have at>erw«r.l» ..ilher with.lrawn, l.nl. ..r «.i.c..,il,..l th.-niHelv..-, .,r hav,. r..t.iK.d i.. «„ thill.,.., af.. . they h„ve U...n „.M.nt«rla,n,.,l un.l a^i I withal : An.l thai .liven, ami Hun.lry l»..r...nH uUo, wh„. imv,. lK.cn mui an.l .•mplo>..l in th.. su-l I'hmtuti.m ..f th- Kai.l r,r*l C.I.M.y in Virginia, at an.l .,p„„ U.o ,.harj,e of th.- Haul C.n.iwny. au.l having, th.r- ...isk-hav.-i i h..m,«lv-. l.y Mutinies, S..i.tn.,., .,r .,tl...r n..tor.o„„ Miwl.in.-aii.>rH, ..r l.av.UK Imen employ,,,! or ik.iit al.r..a.l l.y the (tovcrnor of Virginia. ..r his |),.p.,ty with H..me .Ship or I'inna... f..r our !'.-ovision of ll„. sai.l C.loi.y, or for Hon,.- I)iH.-ov..ry. ..r..M.er HuKii...ss ,,,.1 Atfair^ cnwuiiinK lh.i oumv, hav.- (...„. tl.-n.-- n.o.i tr.a.-h.r.u.sly either cm., huk a -ain, an.l ret ui ..I into our Keulm ..f Ki.Khui.l. by .SU-alth, or witln.ut I.ic-uce of our Oov,rnor of our s'.nl (Vloiyin 25 Dciiniiiii.iis: And lliat all r< Slid, ^ll^|| tln'r(U|jim In- id ^llilll liiivc, hold, :iiid iH, Ki'iU'litri, IVolilK, uiid riaiiiiiij;, uh fully, freely, nil- ^llall lie of (he itaid i> all liiteutM and l'uipo«e>i Moiioii, fill- Is, (iiir JleiiH :m,'iin, at all and every k'cr. III take, had, earry, hintatii.ii of our .-aid lir;.t raii;;frs that will liceoine mpaiiy thirii In the said I, I'liwdi-r, Shot, Victual.-, •ini'iil-, Kuniituii-, HcaislH, in, iiiid for their I'se and iinaid 'i'li-.iMu-er and •er of that, t'ou.pany, or the said (irrti Colony in ni Time to Time, have inaey and Ailijrj„nee, or iine.s h'Mi aft.r, j,'o (ir jiass hi.'' |)e|iut\ lor the Tiini' iiiia, for the Tiini! lM-inj{. ;{(| , i'H hy their dl.>eretioii for, or toul•hin^; the Maid liueh MulUirn UM hIiuII !»• and I'laiilalioii ; Ah ali^o I two oth, IS of the .said any ('aii.-.e whatsoever, mil I iH'loll^'ill ;. dis|M(s.'d I'lTsiiUH, l»oil, ed Wa^feh, Apimrel, and with the ^aid ( iimpaii^ I" lonv III \ii;,Miiia, ha\. thither, afi. i ihey have whie have U-en .-ent |ion tliti eliarj{e of the HI, or otlier lloU)riou^ lin, or his Deputy, with f, or otlier BiiHiiieHs md lek a;,Min, and retiii.ed of our .-aid (Vloiy in Virfjfinia, for the Time boini,', or have been sent thither as Misdoers and Ofunder.^ : And that many Wivplkuvst iUso of thosi! I'ersons after their Ueturn from thence, haviiifj heen iiuestioned hy our said Council here, omt*iii. for siich their .Misliehaviors and Ot^'ences, hy their Insolent and Contemptuous Carriajje in the Pnwnee Apii/ndix. of our said Coiineil, have shewed little respi-ct and Itevrenee either to the F'laee or Authority in which Th" Third we have placed and appointed them ; And otlurs for the coloiirins' of their Lewdness and Misdemeanors *^/""'"^'" "' eommilted in Viii^'inia, li:ive endeavoiire 1 hy most vile and shinch-roiis Keports made and diviil^'ed, as mn '-' well of the Ciuntry of \'ir;;iiiia, as also of the (ioverninent and Kstate of the said Plantation and Colony, as much a- in them lay. to lirinj; the said Voyajje and Plantation into Disjjrace and Contempt; 15y means whereof, not only the Adventurers and Planters already en^ai^ed in the said K' Plantation, have been exceedingly ahiised and hindered, and a great number of other, our loving and well-dispo>ed Subjects, otherwise well afVected and inclined to Join and adveuturi' in so noble. Christian, and worthy an Action, have hecii di-"oiirag mI from the same; lint also the utter overthrow and Huin of the .said ICnterprise had been ;^'nally endangered, which cannot miscarry without some Dishonour to Us, and our Kingilom. Now, forasmuch as it appeareth unto lis. that these Insolences, .Misdemeanors, and Abuses, not to be tolerated in any ei\il (iovcrnment, have, for the most part, i^rown and jiroceeded, in regard our said Coiiiiril have not any direct Power ami Authority, l>y any exjire.ss words in our former Letters-piitentp, to j'orrecl and chastise such Oireiiders; We, therefore, for more speedy Heformation of sogreat and enormous Abuses and Mi.-deineanors heretofore pracliseil and committed, and for the |ireventiiig f the like -'•I hereafter, ilo by these Presents for us, our Heirs and Successors, imvk anil liit.vNr, to the said Treiusiirer, and Company, and their Successors for ever, that it shall, and may b(> lawful for our said Council for the lirst Colony in Virginia, or any two of them (whereof the said Trea»urer or his Deputy for the time being, to be always one) by Warrant under their Hands, to send for, or cause to be apjirehended, all, and every such Person or Persons, who shall be noted, or accused, or found at any Time or Times hereafter, to olVeiid or misbehave tiiem.selves, in any the < (Ifences before mentioned or expressed, and upon the ICxamination of any such Oil'ender or Offenders, and just Proof made by Oath, taken before the said Council, of any such notorious Misdemeanors by them committed as aforesaid; And also upon any insolent and eontemptons, or indecent Carriagi? and MislM'havionr, to, or against, any of our said Council, shewed or iiseil by any such Person or Persons so called, convented, and appearing before us as :j(( aforesaid ; That in all such ca.ses they our said Council, or any two of them for the time being, shall, and Play have full j'ower and Authority, either here to hind them over with good Sureties for their good Hehavioiir, and further therein, to proceed to all Intents and Pur|)oses, as it is used in other like ('ases, within our Kealin of Knglaiid ; Or, else at their Discretions to remand and send liack the said Offenders, or any of them, unto the said ('idony in Virginia, there to be proceeded against and pimished, as the (iovernor, D. piity or Council there, for the time being, shall think meet; Or otherwi.se, according to siK'li fjaws and Ordinances, as are and shall lie in I'se there, for the well-ordering and good Government of the said (iovernTneiit, And for the more etTectual Advancing of the said Plantation, We do further, for I's, our Heirs, and Successors, of our es|iecial (irace and Favour, by Virtue of our Prerogati\(; Ivoyal, and iiy the Assent and 40 Consent of the Lords and others of onr Privy Council, (iiVK and Giiant, unto the said Treasurer and Company, full Pow-r and .\utliority, free Leave, liiberty, and Liiicnce, to set forth, erect, and publish, one or more Lottery or Lotteries, to have Continuance, and to endure and be held, for the Space of our whole Year, next after the opening of the same ; And after the Knd and Kx|iiration of the said Term, the said liottery or Lotteries to continue and be further ki'pt, during our Will and Pleasure only, and not otherwise. And yet nevertheless, we are coiiteiited and pleased, for tlu! (lood and Welfare of the said Plantation, that the said Treasurer and Company shall, for the Dispatch and Finishing of the said Lottery or Lotteries, have six Months Warning after the .said Year ended, Isd'oro our Will and Pleasure shall, for and on that Hehalf, be construed, deemed, and adjudged, to be in any wise altered and determined. And our further Will and Pleasure is, that the said Lottery and Ltitteries shall and may be opened and held, within our City of London, or in any other City or Town, or elsewhere, within this our Kealni Mil 26 I .Sltpl'LkMK.M M IHK OSTAIIIK Thx Third OlmrtiT (if Viri»inia- Kill '!•>. ..f Kngland, witli such Prizes, Article.s Conditions, and Limitations, as to tlu-m, tlu- said Treasurer and Company, in th.ir Discretions, shall seem convenient: And it shall and may Ix; lawful, to and for the sa.d Ireasurer and Company, to elect and choose Receivers, Surveyors, Audit.,rs, Commissioners, or any other Officers whatsoever, at tlu'ir Will and Pleasure, for the Letter marshalling, .lisposin.s Kui.lin.', and j^overnang of the sai.l Lottery and Lotteries; And that it shall likewise he lawful, to and for the said Ireasurer and any two of the said Co.mcil, to minister to all and every such Person, so elected and ehoseu tor Othcers, as aforesai.l,,me or more Oaths, for their good P.ehaviour, just and true Dealing, in and alwut the said Lottery or Lotteries, to the Intent and Purpose, that none of our loving Sul.jects, puttin- in their Names, or otherwise adventuring in the said general Lottery or Lotteries, may Ije, in any wise deirauded and .leceivtHl of their said Monies, or evil and indirectly dealt withal in their said A.lventures. j.i And we further GnANT,in Manner and Form afor.'said, that it shall and mav he hiwful, to and for the said Treasurer and Company, under the Seal of our said Council for tl... Plantation, to pul.lish or t„ cause an.l procure to he puhlished hy Proclamation, or otherwise (the said Prociauu.tion to Ik> made iu tl.e.r Name, hy Virtue of these Presents) the saul Lottery or Lotteries, in all Cities, Towns, Hurroiighs and other Places, within our said KN-alm of Kngland ; And we Will an.l C.munand all Mayors Justices of the Pence, S],erit?s,Pailifrs,Coustahles, and other Officers and loving Sul.jects, whatsoever! that in no wise, they hinder or delay the Progress and Proceedings of the said ix.tterv or Lotteries, hut he therein, touching the Premises, aiding and assisting, hy all honest, good, and "lawful Means and Endeavours. And further, our Will an.l Pleasur.- is, that in all Questions and Doubts, thafshall arise, upon any •>(, Ditficulty ofConstruetion or Interpretation ofany Thing, contained in these, or any other our former " I-etters-patents, the same shall Ikj taken and interpretetaiiiril many I.osm-s iu seeking and discovering a Place lilt and couMiiient to hiy the I'oundation of a hopet'iil I'laiitation, and have ilivcrs Wiim past hy (iod's Assistance, and theii ;)() own enileavours, taken actual I'ossession of the Continent hereafter mentioned, in our Name and to our Use, as Sovereign Lord thereof, and have si'ttled already souie of our People in Places agreealile to their Desires in tl|o^e Parts, a'ld in Contidence of prosperous Success thereitt, hy the (.'ontiiuumce of (jod's Devine Mlessing, and our Ko.all Permission, have resolved in a more plentifidl and i ll'ectual Manner to prost!eute the same, and to that Purpose and Intent havt; desired of Is, for their better Kncoumgemi nt and Satisfaction herein, and that they tnay avoide all Confusion, tiuestions, or Difrerences Is'twi-en them- selves, and those of the said first Colloiiye, We would likewire he giaciou.->ly pirased to make certaiiie Adventurers, intending to erect and establish fllishery, Traih- :ind I'iantacion, within the Territoryes, Pn-cincls, aiid Lymitts of the said second Colony, and tluir Suc.'e^>ors, one several distinct aiid entire HimIv, and to grant unto Ihfin, such F.st.itc, l.ihcriies, Priviliges, Fulargemeiit>, and Immunityes there, |i> as in these our I/ctters-Pattents hereafter particularly expressed and declared. And forasmtich as We have Ik-cu certainly given to under-taiul hy divers of our good Suhjec's. that have for these many Veares pas(frei|uenfed those Coasts and Territoryi-^, between the Di'grces of j-'ourt v and l-'ourty-IOight, that there is nix.' other the Siilijicts of any Christian King or State, hy any Authorilv from their Hoveraignes, Lords, or Princes, actually in Possession of any of the said Ijinds or Precindf, whereby any Hight, Claim, Inteicst. or 'I'ith', may, might, or ought by that Meanes accrue, Inlong, or appertaine unto them, or any of them. SlfPl'UKMtiST TO 1IIK Ontauiii .\|'I>KN1>IX rhc CliiirtiT (if Niw Kiii(- land \i',H). ill • Til" I."!i'l'iii ('nni]'ioiy, iir;;iiii«. 1 iinilor ilii> olitTlor cif 1006. riH'i'ivixl u new I'liiirli'' in IHi . ,m Urn Mmilli Virgiiint I' nijwnv. uM'l tliu I'lymuutli C'/i'''■ "'■■'■■■ I"-""'""' i..l«.l.ili».., i„ :, l.-.rs« ,„„l „,„„llv T,T,il„r„, ,uZ^,,ll\ ••"'•;• ''»"' 'I""'-*' Hll „„,l ,l,.„.r,„i„„l, „„„ „„„. an.l ( ,„u..rs,on ot m.H, .Sauajf.'s a. n-main.. wan.I.-ri.,K in D.-soIari.,,, ami Distr-ns to Tiv 1 ^ and .•,.ri.,ian Keli,io„, to the lnl,....K...ne„t of our 'own Don.inio,. , ! A hu !■ ' t "' u" ^nrtun... of snd. of our «oo.l Sul.jec.e an shall willingly intros. tlu-n.dv.J i .el l ,; , ^ '" whon. Ue oanno, but ^ivo singular .'onun.-n.lations fo, thnr soo worthv In.on.i a„7F t ,1 '•' . ^e.. therefor... ot our e.peciall (Jnuv, „...„- Afotiou, an.l eerUine Knowle.l^,, ly "helh 3 ! ' .. ..;a,.., .ha, a„ .a. c..., rj.:::\::-i^:^^^^^ n.a.th tro,„ l-ourty De^r.. of Northerly ..a,i, , tron. .he |.:,,ui„oetiaII L ... t^ F r ^ r. r i" V ? ■ • '"''""'"•• ■'""' '" '""«•" '^y "" '»>« »--••" "'•'-"' thro,; ;,. '; vv.th. the De^rrees, Prec.net.. „n.l Lin.itts of th.- sa..l La.i.u.h. an.l Lon«iM.,le, s .all 1h th, i . an.l Hou„,K an.l Pr..ei„et. of the seeon.l ('...lony : An.l ,o „... Kn.l that tto Ji t^i . J .^: "^^ .wr hereat.-r l- .nore particularly an.l .vrtainly kn..WM an.l .!i.. ui.he.l our Will .nl PI .hatth..a„,„e ...11 tVo.n h....e....rth 1. no.„in;...l. .ern.e.l, „,..l .alLdl;; t. ! ^le . 1! Z^:' " A,„er,..a; an. l.y that Name of New-KuRland i„ America, the Jul (-ir..ui,. P ...tet ^ ' < ont.nent, I.lan.is. an.l Pla... in A-neri.-a arores.i.l. We .1.. l,y th..- PreH<.nt., f..r 's, , r Hev; ' .suecessorH, nam.., «:ll, er.v., to,„..l an.l ...tul.li.sh, and hy that Na.ne t.. have eontinuan.... f.!. Zr An.l f..r tl... I,..„..r Plantu-ion. ruling', and K„vernin,r of the afon..ai,l \ew-|.:u«lan.l in Vn.eriea W w .>r,la.n.. e..n.t. „t.., a.,j,„e. linu.t an.l ap,.oin,, an.l f..r I's. our Hei.. an.l S.Ll . ^ A.h ..... the I..nlH an.l ...h..r« of tl .id priui.. Couneill. .1. ,.v ,h..H« prcnent^ onlaine . . .« a, lim.'.t, an.l appoint, that fium h.'.i<<.foith th..-.. nI.iII I„. »-., .. .' .i. '.'„."""'' •^""""t"*'- r.d.n«.or.lennK,an,l «,.v..r..,n« of N-.w-Kn^lan.! .n A.,......; an,| .or that Purp We',' a„d..r ri« t ,r..tya..,lri«h, w.-l, U-iove.l Co.,.. Wi.lia.n Karl ..f ,J, . / i^ ^^t ::^; ..^ S we ! Mov.1 t •..,„ and C«un..llor, H..nry Earl of Southampton, an.l our ri«ht , u ,y " / , "^ ..lov.1 (..„.n.. M.lham Earle ..f Sulishury. and Kol^rt Karl,- of Warwiek.au.l o..r ri,M t ...y'a , I an it within thpw Info Ymn-o :my lioriil.l.' Slaii^tliti-rs and litcrtoforc iiihiiliitin;,', in a I'll' Tcrriforv.', s.. tlmf thi-rc ll'iiKcany Kiml of Intonsts er«Minf.., wlicifliy W,. in .mr lich Alrnijjlify Chxl in liis itifl iletciinimMl, that thoM. », should l>e poHstsiod uiul • shall liy his Mt-rcio and I" rf it tltt according,' to our \V'ill, rendeiinj,' nn'erfnd •vfalin;,' tht' same unto U8, mi ari V»e trust to Iu'h CHory. •h teiidcth to the ivducinj,^ i>istrcss, to Civil Societif tht' Aijuanccinf'nt of the II fill' said Iin|)ioyii„.nt, t,i Intmition and Kntt-rpri/c ; v(, «<■, hy (hr Adllicr of the sstiirt, /flaunted, ordainfiir Will and Pleasure is. ;t.i * Name of Xew-Knijiand, "ireuit, I'r.-.inc't, Limit), , for ['s, our Heyrs a»..i iitinunnco for ever. KiiKliind in .Anipriea, We I ; 'iii'i'eHsors, Wee, liy the "iifs ordaine, eonslitut. . our Towne of Plymoutli. ■V |ier|>etuall sueeessioi), II Im", and Kimll h- caMed 40 ■ Devon, for the planiinj,' ir|)o„. W.'e have, at and I'lished, and eonlirnie.l ; lilisli, and confirnie, dur Lenox, LonI Steward of Inland, Janics .Man|Ue.^ I'll 'mas Karl of Arund.'i • ik'lit tniHly and ri>,'lit t tfie-ty and rij,'ht w«'ll mr right trusty and well 20 beloved .lohii Viscount Haddington, and our ri^jht trusty and well behtved Counsellor Kdward l^ird Zouch, Lord Warden of our Cinciue Pi.its, and our trusty and well Iflovid Kdiuou.l Lord Shetlield. Kdward Lonl (lor^jes, and our well Ijelovcd Sir Kdw.ml S-yiuoiir, Kni^'lit and Harionett, Sir Koliert Manselle, Sir Kdward Zoueh, our Kiii','ht Marshall, Sir Dudley 1)1^';,'^, Sir Thomas Uoe, Sir flerdinaudo (iorfjfes, Sii Kiaucis Pophain, Sir .lolin Hn.ok. Sir Thoirias (Jates Sir Kiihard Hawkins, Sir l.'iehanl Kd^'comhe. Sir Allen Aprley, Sir Warwick Hale, Sir Kichard ('at.hiiiay, Sir John I'loiirchier, Sir Xaihanid Uich, Sir Kdward (iiles, Sir (Hies .Moinijessou, and Sir Thomas Wroth, Kni;;lils ; and our well U'ioved Alatfhcw SultclilVe, D.aii of Kx.'.'r, U'oU-rt Heath, Ks(|. ; W, corder of our Cifiie of bmd Henry liourchi.r, .luliu Drak.', Uawlcijfh (iilU'rl, (ieorj,'e CiiudlcN, Thomas Hunioii, and John Ar-all, K«(iiiir.-s, i" lo l»c ill and iiy these Presents. We do a|i[)oinl llicnj to be llie first moderiie ami |mi. -cut Couiieiil istubli-hed ul Plyrnuiitli, in the County of Devon, for the ]ilantini,', ruling,', ordering', and ^;oviriiiiiH of New-lMij;iaiid, in Anierua; and that tiiey, and the Suruiuoiirs of ijuiii, and >uch as tix' Suniiiioiirs and Stuuiin r of thciii ^ilall,fn)m tyme to tymi! elect, and clm-r, to niak' up (lie aforesaiil .Number of l.ruriic I'crs.uis, \\\,>u, and as often as any of them, or any of tbiir Successor, ^hall ha|)pcu to decease, or to be removed from Uinj; of the haid Council!, -hall be in, and ..y thc.-e Pres-ents, incorporated |.> Iia\e a p, ipetual Siiccosion for ever, in Deeliall be elected and t ho^cii to succeed them as afoie>aiil, shall U', and by th.'se Presents are, and 1m> incorporated, named, ami called by the Name of the Councill establi,hi'd at 1:0 Plynioiiih, in I lie County of Devon, for the plant in;;, rulinj,', and pnernin^' of New-Kii-land, in .\merica ; and them the .siiil Duke of Leno.x, ^lanpiess lbickin;,'liam, .Mari|Uess Hamilton, Karle c,f Pembroke, Karle i,( .Vrundell, Karh- of Itaflie, Karh- ol Southampton, Karle of Salislmry, Karh- of Warwick, Viscamt liaildin^'lon. Lord Z.Mich, Lord Shellield, Lord (ir^'es. Sir Kdward Seuiiour, Sir b'oirerl Mansell, Sir Kdward Zoiich, Sir Diidh'y Dij,';(s, Sir Thonuis Hoe, Sir Iferdinando (Jor^ces, Sir tlrancis Pophani, Sir .bihu Mrooks, Sir Th.)inas dates. Sir L'icliard Hawkins, Sir IJichard KdMioinbi', Sir .Mien Apsley, Sir Warwick Heale, Sir Kichard Catchma\, Sir .lohn lioinchirr. Sir Nathaniell K'ich, Sir Kdward (ides. Sir (iile.s .M.unpesson, Sir Thomas Wrotii, Kiii;,difs; .Matthew Smicliilr, i;..bcrt Healh, H.ury H.-inchier, .lohn Drak<, UawIeiLrh (iilb.rt, (ieor^'e Cliudley, Thomas Haiiion, ami John .\i;.;!io, Ks.ps. and their succes.sors, one Moily corporate and politick, in Deeil and Name, by the .Name of the Councell eM,lllli^hed •''' at; Plymoiilh, in Ilie County of Devon, for the plantin;,', inlin-, and novernin;,' nf N,.w-Kiij,dand, in .\merica. Wee do by these Pn'>ent^, for I's, our Heyres and Suce.>v,Ms, really aiiil fully incorporate, erect, ortlaiue, name, con>titiil.', ami eslabli>li, and that by th.- saini' .Name of the y.^ul Couiicill, they and their Successors for ever herealter be incorporated, named, and called, and shall by the same Name have |M'rpetual Succession. And fiirth.r. Wee do hereby for I's, our Heires and Snc-es.sors, jj;rant unto the said Councill e.4:»blished atf Plyiiiouih, thai ihey and tli.ir SiiccesMirs, by the same Name, lie and .vhall U', and shall conlinn.' Perkins aide ami cap.ible in the Law, from time to time, and shall by that Name, of Councill afor.-said, hav.' full Power and A'lthority, and l.iwful Capacity atul liability, as u. 11 to purchase, take, •1 I hold, lec.'ive, enjoN, and to have, and tin ir Successors for ever, any .Manors, Lands, Ten. inents, Kents, iJoyalii.'s, Privih'ps, luununities, Reversions, Annuities, Heredilain.-nls, CnHids and Chat ties whatsoever, ot or from us, .mr H.irs, and Smvessors, au.l .»f or from any other P.'rs.m or Pers.ms whiitsoever, as Hell in and within this our Keahne, of Kn(;land, as in and within .any oth.'r Place or Places whatsoever -r wheresoever; and the same Manors, Lan.ls, Tenements, ami 11. n ilitanieiits, (b.ods or Chatties, .u- any of them, liy the same Name to alien and ►. 11, or to do, execute, ordaine ami perform.' all ..ther .Matters an.l Thing's whats.iever to the said Incorporatiun and Plantation eoneerninjf an.l liehiufiing. And further, our Will and Pleasine in, that the said Councill, for the time U'inj,', and their SucwsMirs, shall liav.' full power iinurh Suite or Action Till' ClinrliT "♦ ,.nst;.rtl,..Tin.. h,.i„,, " "I '"' " •'-<' an.i ..hooso amongst thfn,s..lv... ..nc ^ '-«••<• -1 .•• n, Wc... will, s, 1 .. Z^: ; ;:.. ' r*: ■"*, "' »"" -••' <'^' i". -hid. |.....i.ient tl.oUKht .i(, an.l no !„„...,■; „nto whi -h P .• i.U.t , l'. "'"'"' "" ^""''^''■' '^ ""■"vlH..h .l,a. .hall I,.. „......,|.,..., - that th.. nnml,...- orir„nr,^. V.r.L I'V •,'''''" '""" *" '''"•" ''''''" •' "'" -*'' <-""H-iil, aft..r ,u he vh-cU.U ^h.ll I... pr „„.,| ,„ ,|,. I ,.,,,. "'\;-"'' V."";''"' ^'^ "^O' "ther (•..un....||.,r h.-n- ;;f Hn,.a„d, or to th.. ,, ...I'rhan.h.l . ^ ::;;;:; ^^If'^^^^' ^ ^" ^he L.r.. „i,h Tr..ao.r..r '''"-• lH•in^^ to take his an.. .h,.irt)„th«n.l(hL'r( ""J"/' '" ""'I •^-...e...Hors f.M- th. Ami fnrth.r, Wtc will mii.I m-n,. i.- •! ■> '•--i'i -'1 .i..^.- s .:l: 1^ :r;', rs;:: "" 'r: :'•■"■- -■' ^"~^«' •- - -"« ^-l.S to 1. ..n,r„v..u mronlin^ ,o .^,. . i if '""7.: '';'"" "'"' "'^'"^ *'"• '-• " *-'»uuon «''."'.v..r Sal., or S..ah. .h..v .1 . I L " "'"' """ " ■'''^*" '"• '"«"'" «"'• "'-'» to appoint "foronai... wher...., t.... Incrpon. ion n •, r . — .v.-rnour an,l A.ini.t.TH of Now-i-inKlund ;;„ -■"'■r-a,i..n.an.. „... Mano.!, .. . ' , ! , ! t:^^ '''''■"' 1 "'••':'"""" '""^ ""• ^^ ••''•"tl.'S Artuires, an.l anv o.h.r Thin., I'V /in' .' ""™""*' ^■':'"""-^. "-'li— -s, (i.,o..., .■■•"eernin^'th..«ai.lCouncillan,l,lK.i,.SM......so, ; ' •"" '".""^ '"'"'" "i''-'"""'"K". t-'u-hin^. .„• "«■' "■' "- ■■■" '-'-■■ :n::;, ri;:,:;;,c;:::::;i;,i:;:;i.;,:.7. ' ' ■ Ami Wi'f ilo fnrtlicr hv tht-se Pn<.i<>ni^ f„- ir n <""--ill th.«ir S,uv..s.orH, that i, Inl'm .„.,"'"; Z' "'"' ■^"^•••"•""'•^ ^f''"'t >".to ,1,.. .a.,l H..r..,li.a,n,.n,H in N.-w-l-lnKlan.) af„r,.Hai.i a. th..v . .."• "!■"' '"'"'"'' '"" ''"J"^'' ""^ '•"'"'•^ '"■ 1" «^H.^.i.u.i..n^a„..(h•.li„„„io,v,he3V n n; . i ' """" ' '" "'•' ^'-''. <"'l'-, ami ..Mal.,i.h..| hv X'i.tu.. .,f, an.i a.-o . , " """' •"'?"^^"" '""" '""^' '" »""'' '<' '- > i- .■Ih.Twi..-. "'"' '•"""•'" ■^''^'" "-t i-i <• n hi ^■;''' L,';ii'.s51''^:v^i^?^: ?/^.'&1^^>.'^£-^F?5fil^^^""-''^>»^^^w^'^^^ ■ II terniMral and Hfiiritiial, in i«rati()ii and plantation in •rs, K'lant unto iho said "aid CoiHu-ill, and tla.-ir lilt siuh and so many • - mid in Ni'w-Kn^-land '■ 'iij"}', any Lands or .jo ,' •'» till' J^aws, Orders, iini' 1(1 time to l«. niadi. and under sin h Condi- '■'■ ""'1 dir.rt, and not •or I's, our Heiivs and lo the said CoiiiKil and >li in, shall and mav, ame or Names, .Sah- or (III. Ml-. Ml M tllK 4 .Sal.sH, as to them sliai! >.• .in- (1 lo 1 ; an.l likewiM- to revoke, discliarLC«M'han-,'e, and alter, as well all ."t and siiij,'iilar, (lovtirnors, Orticu'ro and .Ministers, which hereifier shall he l.y them thoii^jht litl and dxtall. needful to be made or used, a~ well to atteu'l llie riu.'iii.-ss of the said ('.impany here, as for the (Jmern- Vii'km.ix inentof the said Colhiiiy and I'lantatioii, and al-o to mak--, ordaine, and estal.lish all Manner of (Irders, riic Clurtir Ljiws, Dinclions, Instruttioiis, Korms, and < 'erciuonie. of liall Laws in ('as;' of IJclicllion, fii^urrectioii and Mutiny, in as lar(,'e and ample .Manner a^ our Lieulciianls in our Counties wiiiiiu our Kealme of Kii.i,dan(l l.ii.e or on;,dil to have by l-'oice of their Commission of l4i(iuteiiiiii('\. And for as much as it shall lie necessary for all our loviiiM;e .Subjects as shall iiihahil within the .siid I'lvcincts of Ncw-Ki!j,daii(l aforesaid, to determine to live together in the Keare and true Worship of Allmighty God, Christian I'eai c, and civil linietiiess, each with other, whereby every one mav with more •_'(! .Safely, I'leasure, and I'rotilt, enjoyi! thai wherennto they shall allaiiie with ^'icat I'aiii an. I I'crill, Wee, for Us, our Heires and Siiecessors, are likewise pleased and eonteiiled, and by lliese I'leseiils ,1, oive and KiMiit unto the said Council and their Suc fiiie.s "t that .Soiitlicin ( ulloiiv li.-rcio .re ^■"-■' » "■'• • ■ ■■' ,»i.i u, , J, :,: ,,:.!:;::;l;;'s,:',;;::::"' "'"^- "- ..iir ..win,. .Si,l,i,-i-i. .,r,„,v < , l'nB"ii'l. »ll »". I. «i»l ».. miuiy „f ' '"' "■ "' ...1 ivr,.„„. :, w , . ^ , .:T,,,::.r,'i: " "i ;-;::i,r::,;'s;::':;:::^-r"',^r't-r'^: ■—•''n::: ■;:.:;,:::::;;«,::: aci'oi, MIL' to Ml,, auii.iii Tra.l.. ..t M , I . I . .■ .. ^ ""' oriiny otiit-r ot our l>oininioiiH, I'. I'll ill ■Jo ")0 3» •ItiHivcly, and in Lcnulli of, '••a to .Sea, togithcr aim*, KH, AlineH, and .MiniTall.s iiMiH Stoncx, (^imirifH, and !iiHn. •T, hiliall lia|>|irn (,, Im- Vriitorycs "nd I'rfcinctH, I'o tiiKT of Diuyn, Di-mandH, .Motion, for I'm, and oiir cssors for evor liy du-he id t'very time and tiini« , and frans|»ort in, and all smli and ho many of wtH, and live under otir Citation, Willi Sliippinf,' •Manner of Cloaliiinfc ^i" ii'ii'ssary for tlw haid I' r«s and in itassihjj and •r inward or (ait ward, to I IIk' Day of the Dal,. ,.f natter hy Hijecial Nam.- «• do l)y tlu'sc i*rrsfnti*, 1 and tlioir .SiicccssorH, i Iw free and t|uitt from i>m all Taxes and hn- 4i) lizfs, alt any time or our Uealme of Knjjland, its, rt'actorK, and .Uli^ri,^^ sutli (JiKids and .Mer- li%i- And further oiir Will and I'leasiuri', and Wee do hy iheM- I'resenl- diarpo, eomand, warrant, and authorize the said ('ouneill, and their Kuetessurj, or the M.ijor I'art of iheni.whieh xhall he pre;, t • and assemhled for that I'urpone, shall tiom lime to lime unihr tlnir eomon Seale, distrihiite, convey, !issik,'ne, and sett over, such partieular I'ortii'iis of I^amls, 'remineiits, and ll"ii'ditanients, as are hy these Presents, formerly ;,'ninti-d imto e:wh our loveinj; SuI>J"tIs, naturally home or Denisons, or ol hers, an well Adventurers us Planters, as hy the said Company u|Kin n ('omission Survey and Pistrihntion, exeeuted and retunieil for that I'lirpo^e, hliall hi. n.imed, a|>pointed, and allowed, wherein our Will and IMeasure is, that Kesjieet Is- had as well to the Proportion of the AiUentiirers as to the speeiall Service, Hazard, Kxpliot, or Merilt of any person so to lie recom|>en8ed, advaneed, or rewarded l() and wee do also, for Us, our Heires and Suieessors jjrant to the said ("ounoell and their Successors and to all and every sueh (ioveniours, or Otileers, or Ministers, as hy the said Couneill shall U* apfioinled to have [wwer and Authority of Government and Command in and over the said Collony and Plantation, that they and every of them, shall, and lawfully may, from time to time, and att all Times hereafter for ever, for their severall Defenee and Safety, encounter, expul . i "pel, and resist hy Foree of Arms as well hy Sea as liy Land, and all Ways and Meanes whatsoever, all such IVrson and Per^ms, as without the speeiall Licence of the wiid Cotmcell and their Successors, or the ^(reafer Part (.f them, shall attempt to iidiahitf within the said severall Pr.'oinctB and Limitts of the said Collony and Plantation. And also all, and every sueh Person or Persons wliat- soever, as shall enterprijte or attempt att any time hereafter Destruction, Invasion, Detriment, or ■J(l Annoyance to the said Collony and I'lantation ; and thiit it shall he lawl'iill for the said Couneill, and their Successors, and every of (hem, from Time to Time, and att all Times heereafier, and they shall have full Power and Authority, to take and surprize hy all WnyH and Means whatsoever, all and every such Person anrl Persons whatsoever, with their Ships, Goods, an» in any Harlsiiir, Creeke, or Place, within the l.imitts and PrecinteH of the said Collony and Plantations, aud not beinj; allowed hy the said Coimcill to Iks adventurers or Planters of the said Collony. And of our further Hoyall Favor, Wee have printed, and for I's, our lleircs, and Succesfwrs, Wee do j^rant unto tin; said ('oimcill and their Successors, that the said Territoryes, Lands, Hivers, and Places aforesaid, or any of them, shall not he visited, frequented, or traded unto, hy any other of our Suhjects, or the Subjects of Us, onr Heires, or Successors, either from any the Ports and Havens helon),'inf; or 30 appertayninp, or which shall iM-lonj^ or apjiertayne unto U.s, our Heires, or Successors, or to any f'orraigne Slate, Prince, or Poftenlate whatsoever: And therefore, Wee do herehy for us, our Heires, and Successors, charge, command, prohihit and forhid all the Suhjects of Us, our Heires, and Successors, of what I>ef,'ree and (Quality soever, they he, that none of them, directly, or indirectly, presume to vissitt, freiiuent, trade, or adventure to tratlick into, or from the said Territoryes, Lands, Rivers, and Places aforesaid, or any of them other than the said Couneill and their Successors, ffactors, Deputys, and AssiKties, unless it 1m- with the License and ('onsent of (ho said Couneill and Company first had and ohtauied in Writinjj, under the comon Seal, upon Pain of our Indi^jnation and Imprisonment of their Hodys durinj; the Pleasure of Us, our Heires or Successors, and (he I'oileiture and Loss lioth of theire Ships and (ioods, wheres hro't from or carried to the Places before mentioned, or any of them, contrary to our Will and Pleasure, U'fore in these Presents expressed. The Moyety or one halfe of all which Forfeitures Wee do hereby for Us, our Heires iind Successors, give and fjrant unto the said Coimcill, ami their Siucesstirs to their own proj)er Use without Accompt, and the other iMoyety, or lialfo Part thereof, Wee will shall l>e aud remaine to the Use of Us, our Heires and Successors. Hi I'l'IMHINI ri> MO llHTtMlo AffKHIHX. Thi' ClmriBr iif Now Kiar- l.iml li;2l> il! Al'I'KNIIIX. Tin* Cluirti'r 34 And «o lik.wise have con.JiHCiMi .r..«, .M..rclmn.lu...s. t.. 1... .I,i,,,,..,l ..,.,, .., h„v I<-..,n,.. to U- ...a.U- uF h„v ((...kI- War,. r , I ,K ^ i" , ' ■•" N.™ r.. „,„ ,„ „ii |.,., „| |,.,.„„ r„,. „, , ^,,,1 .w:j,:;i;::;;;:::^;r:;::j:::::t;;:/ir';:;':i:;:;;:;:;'»'t''r,r "'''•:''' i;:;;::::""""- ^^- ' -'■ ■ ' :I^;r:;:;;,,z.,:::;:;;;:;":r, ....■if;:::":!;;:; ;::::;::; rL:;;x:r ;• '"-' ■' :'■■' ■;' r '^ «•■•"- »•' '<•■'- >^"- - , I.UI .«, lilt .III) Iiii,,. li.riviiltiT, aii.l.,1 uii.l .xiH.il.. „ut ..laiiv .>| uiir IJ.-ilm... mI,.,. .,, I h:»itrw ::::;■;'■ ";""■;' ;" '"; ',- ' '"■'•""-•"• •■- " «—.-.:; ...1 M< M . , ^''^"""■'• ■\"'l "'•• 'I" t..r I ...our M.-irrs ami Siu.f.-sm.r.s uive aii.lL-ranl iii.t.. tl... ,. I . niiiiK*' nieclr fnr tl.f Kxaimrmiioii or clfur nir o» tin- 'rrnili in ....v ;.r;:,::""""' ' ' ' "■■■ •■"■■' >■ - "■■- «"•- proc.,,, „;:;":;:::;;, ., , ;;:;;'„:,;,',': „,:'„";L.i;"j;.';;'r ;""'j""' ':■■ ; '"■"■""• '■■"'■•'• ""-"■ ■'" >•'■■ -:;t:;;;;:,;::r;:" £ SHrr^ • ' '""'' " '" ""l'l-»'l. »i «'i.> »l.r.«d 1,,. ll„. u„v.Ti,™, ,.f N....K„„la„.l..rl,i. », frtr ITi, our Il.iroi nnd r SuccesMMrn, ilmt W.,'i\i'ani| allciw unto le mid <'<>rnpun.v m afore- iiid SiitiMilif, nil Hhall U- tlii.M' our Lott»Tn-|):itt(nt a Nufficieut warrant and ^'an-s, and Mcrcliandizii t oiii Kfalinc-i, afciri wii.l, !, that til. 11 uucli I'aynuni, Itireit, and Siu'ii-xgom, for t»'il, at* if tliiH iiiir (iianl , K'*<' andjjrani unto ih,. Ii'iit of th.' said Company, II- said I .11. my in Nrw- rom linn- i.i linir, havi- iiico and Supnina.y, or lid TimoH htHTiattir, pie ;;ii ift Deputy lur i ,.. tiin«- iiul for tin- Tinu! being, an l>y tlair DiHcn-tjon Uj iiuployi'd in, for, or idr Sfrvicc, in all nnch Company. Collony, and liis I'lpiity, with two g ot thi' Truth in on> >roceeding, or thi.-rcnnto 4o S ArtifiwTH, LilmurerH, tainnnnt. fi.un ihu duid to Ik- iinployi'd, in thf id cohCfali' thitnnns, or ollnr notorious of Nrw-Kiigiatid or his I n,5 Deputy, with anv >*liipp or I'iiininH', for prnviMinn for tho Mtid Collony, or for wmir Di '1.>t liiisineits or Ati'air. s i-uni'iTniii;;)- tin- sanic, i\>»^ from Ihctu'i' oitluT tri'.'ifhf'rously cniii' .i-, «>r ri-iMrtif into tin- Kralnif "I iMiu'landr liy Siralih, or without l,iri'in'«' of tin- tioMTuoiir i>l i ■ i < ollony KnglamI for tlw Time U-ing, or Im- Kt-nl hither an .Misdin-rs or I •tfcndorn ; and that imn. i tli .s,. i ' .IIS aftrr ll.'ii Ivrtiiriif frain tin ■, Ikmh^ iiUf.d hy tlu' said Coiinrill Iii'M and Misdi'meauors mnimifleil in Hrwi««»"«r m 1MK (>i(T4mi' AfCKirriiii Til' rh»rt. r of NV« I vn- Una-I«.'ii Ni-w-Kngland, divulp- vilf and -iMiidah.iis |{i'|s.ii 1" .11 Kittatti of th«< said I'lantalion and Collony. i . I Coiitfinpt, hy .M' 1T11 wlieri-of, not only the A.lv. iit. may In- exueediiij;i^\ .iliii.-.l and liiiidered, anil I _ other vuyg well atfeeti-d ui. I inelineil to j..iur aiil if till' Country of Ni'W-l''.ii;;lanil, or of the (iuvcrnmi'iit III' said Voyage^ and I'lanlation into Dis}{ruce and ,iid Planters alnady I ;a;;id in tin' said I'lanlation 1 numher of our lnveiii^ and wi'll-di-pusid Suhji ets, uDture in go uohle u Christian and worthy Action may U' (lis. .lurngi'd fr..m ihr same, hut also II, i' Kntrr|irizi' itsi-tf n»ay he overt lirowi e, which eiimot misiarry vwtliout f^'inie Dishonour to Is and our Kiiigdmni'; NVie, ilnrifore, for preventii^ so j^nui and iiiornioui* A' usi'H and Misdi'incanors, ho, hy these presents for Uh, our Heires and Siiceessorii, givo and grunt uiit • ih.' said I'residi'iit or his Deputy, or iiueli other I'erson or I'ersonH, iw hy the (hders of tho Haid CouneiH shall Im' ap|Mtinled liv Wanaiit under his or tin ir liund or Hands, to »end for, or cause to !»• apprehcml.tl all and everv such Person ^ml Persons, ^^ ho nhall U- nofi'il or accused, or found at any time or times, 2(1 heeniftir to otTend or mislxhavi' thi'mselvcj. in any the AtfaireH liefore meniioiied and e\press«d; and u|i.>n the Kiainination of any sin h OtTender or OtVenders, and just Proofe made hy Oathe taken U-fore the said Councill. or of any Kiich notori'.us Mi- .•ineanonrs hy them committed as aforesaid, and also u|K)ii any inwdenf, contemptiiouii, or ir • Carria^'c or Mislshaviour, to or against the said Councill, to In- shewed or u.*<'d hy any HUeh Vv\> rsons, ho called, convened, niid appcariin^ U fore them as nforesiiid, that in all such Ca-es, oui t imiiiciU, or any two or moreipfllnin for the Time Is'ijig, shall and may have full Piovir and Aulii.irity, either heerw to hind them over with good Sureties for their giKiil Hi-havioiir, and further theri'in to proceed, to alt Intents and Purposes as it is used in ntlmr like Caws within . ur Healine ot luiglaiid, or else at their Disiretioiis to ri niand and send hack the said ofTenderg, or any of tlnni, to the wtid CoUony of Niw-Kngland, there to he proeetded against an. I .Id punished as the (iovernoiir's Deputy or Coiineill there fur tlm Time heiiig, shall think iiniie, or oiln-r- wise according to such Laws and ( >rilinunci'S as are, and shall 1m', in I'se there, fur the wrll ordering and goixl (fovernment of the said t'ollony. AntI our Will and Pleasure is and Wee do hereliy declare to all Christian Kings, Princes and States, that if any Person or Per?.ons which shall hereal'iiT he of the said Colluiiy or Plaiitali.m, or any other hy License or Appointment of tlie said Couneill, orlheir SuccessorH, or otheiwisi', sliallat any time or tiineH hwraft**r, roh or s|Ktil, hy Sea or hy l^uid, or do any lluii, Violence, or unlawfull ilostility to anv of the Siihjects of I's, our lleiri's, or Successors, or any of the Suhjeets of any King, Prince, l{uler, or (ioveriioiir, or >taie, U-iiig tlirn in League or Amity with I's, our lleitcii and Succi's-ors, iind that upon such Injury, or u|M)n Jiist, (Complaint of unch Prince, Uuler, (iovernour, or State, or their SuhjectH, 4tt Wee, our lleires, or Successors shall make opiii Proclamation within imy id the Ports or our Ifealmi- of Kngland commoilious for that Pur|Hise, that the Periton or Persons having cominilled any surli Kulilx-ry or Sjioile, shall within the Term limited hy such a Proclamation, make full Ki'»titiition or Satisfaction of all Huch Injuries done, »o as the said PrinceH or other, ho c(im|ilaining, may hold themm-lves fidly satistied and contented. And if that the said Perwm or Perwins having cninmitted such Koliery or Spoile, Hliall not make or cause to he mailt> Satisfaction accordingly within such Terme su to Ui lintited, thai then it ahall he lawful for I's, our lleires, and SucceHsom, to put the mtid Peniou or Persons out of our Allegiance and Protection; and that it shall he lawful and free for all Princes to prosecute with lloslillity the Haid Ollimleis and every of them, their, and every of their I'rocurers, Aidors, AhtHtorH and Comforters in that Ihdiallo And al»o, Wee do for U«, our Heircit, and SuccegHors, declare by thene Pregents, that all aud every 1 MICROCOPY RESOIUTION T?ST CHART (ANSI and ISO TEST CHART No. 2) 1.25 1.4 1 1 IIIIM 20 1.6 1111= ^ APPLIED IMjGEJn Sar^ ibbJ EasI Main SUeel ™-^ Rochffsle', Ne* York 14609 USA •jS (^'6) *82 - 0300 - Phone ^S '^'6) 288 - 5989 - Ttjy 36 M M 1 I.Mi'v 1 ]IK ' )N niiio A Pl'KNIUX. I'll. 1 l,:iri.r ot N 1!W IVI la ,.i Ifi'Jil till' I'crson^; l)i'inf!fe our Sul)jects, wliicli sliall ^'oe and inhabitt within the said Colhny and Plantation, and ex try of tlieir Children and Posterity, wliich shall happen to he born witliin the Liinitts thereof, sliall hav- and enj THE CHARTER OF MASSACHUSETTS BAY— 1629.* CHART.es, BV THE GRACE OF GOD, Kinge of England, Sc.';land, Fraunce, and Ireland, Defendor of the Fayth, Sic. To all to whome thois Presents shall come Greetinj;. WiiEUKAS, our most (leare and Royall Father, Kinge James, of Me>;;cd Memory, by his I/^hncs Letters-patents bearing Date at Westminster the third Day i Xov.'mber, in the eighteenth Yeare of his Raigne, hath given and graunted vnto the Councell established at Plymouth, in the County of Devon, for the planting, ruling, ordering, and gn-erning of \ewe England in America, and to iheir Successors and Assigncs for ever, all that Parte of America, lycing and being in Hrcdth,froin Forty Degrees ot Northerly Latitude from the Eepiinoctiall Lyne. to forty eight Degrees > ■ chusi'tts Bay IfiJit. 38 Space of throe English Myles on the South Parte of the said Char.es River, or of any, or everie Parte tliereof; and also, all and singuler the Landes ami Hereditaments whatsoever, Ivein^ and heing within the Spaee of three Knjrlish .Myles to the Southwarde of the Soiitlierniost Parte of the saide I?ay called .Massachusetts, alias Mattachusetts, alias Massatusets l?ay ; and also, all those Landes and Hereditaments whatsoever, which lye, and be within the space of three En<,dish Myles to the Northward of the said River called Monoinack, alias Merrymack, or to the Nortluvard of anj and every I'arte thereof, and all I-andesand Hereditaments whatsoever, lyeing within tlie Lymitts aforesaide, North and Soutli'in Lati- tude and hredth, and in Length and Longitude, of and within all the Hredtli aforesaide, throughout the Mayne Landes there, from the Atlantick and W.sterne Sea anrl Ocean on the Ea.^t Parte, to {]h S.mth Sea on the West Parte; and all Landes and Groundes, Place and I'laces, Soyles, Wood'es and W„(hI Groundes, Havens, Portes, Rivers, Waters, Fishings, and Hereditaments whatsnrver, Iveing within the said Boundes and Lymytts,and everie Parte and Pare.dl thereof ; and also, all Islandes lyeiirg in America aforesaide, in the saide Seas or either of them on the Westerne or Eastern Coastes or Partes of the saide Tractes of Lande, l)y the saidt; Lidenture niencoed to he given, graunt.-d, bargained, soidd, enfeoffeu, aliened, and conHrtned, or any ,.f them; and also, all Mynes and Myneralls, as well Royal 3Iynes of Gould and Silver, as other Mynes and Myneralls whatsoeuer, in the saide Lands and Premisses, or any Parte thereof; and all Jurisdiccons, Riglits, Royalties, Liberties, Fn-(>domes, Ymmunities. Priviledges, franchises, Preheminences, and Comoditics whatsoever, which they, the said Councell established* at Plymouth, in the County of Devon, for tlie planting, ruling, ordering, and governing of Newe England in America, then had, or might vse, exercise, or enjoy, in or within the saide Landes and Premis.-^s by the saide Lidenture mencoed to be given, graunted, bargained, soidd, enfeotied, and confirmed, or in, or within any Parte or Parcell thereof: To have and to hould, the saide Parte of Xewe England in America, which lyes and extendes and is al)uttcd as aforesaide, and every Parte and Parcell thereof; and ignes, and their Associatts, to the onlie proper and absolute vse and Behoofe of the said Sir Henry Rosewell, Sir John Younge, Thomas Southcott, John Humfrey, John Endecott, and Simon Whettcombe, their Heires and Assignes, and their •^ jciatts forevermore ; To be houlden of Vs, oin- Heires and Successor's, as of our Manner of Eastgreen- ,vicli, in tlie I'ounty of Kent, in free and coinou Soccage, and not in Capite, nor by Knightes Service ; Yeilding and payeing therefore vnto Vs, our Heires and Successors, the fitte Parte of the Oare of Goulde and Silver, which shall from Tyme to Tyme, and at all Tymes hereafter, happen to be founds, g<,tten, had, and obteyned in any of the saide Landes, within the saide Lymitts, or in or within any Parte thereof, tor' and in Satisfaccon of all manner Duties, Demaundes, and Services whatsoever to be donn, made, or paid to Vs, our Heires or Successors, as in and by the said recited Indenture more at large male appeare. NowE Knowe Yee, that Wee, at the humble Suite and Peticon of tlie saide Sir Henry Rosewell, Sir John Younge, Thomas Southcott, John Humfrey, John Endecott, and Simon Wlietcombe, and of others whome they have associated vnto them, Have, for divers goo,l Causes and consideracons, vs moveing, graunted and confirmed, and by theis Presents of our especiall Grace, certen Knowledge, and meerr Mocon, doe graunt and confirm vnto the saide Sir Henry Rosewell, Sir John Younge, Thomas Southce John Humfrey, John Endecott, and Simon Whetcombe, and to their Associatts hereafter namsa , (videlicet) Sir Richard Saltonstall, Knight, Isaack Johnson, Samuel Aldersey, John Ven, Mathew Cradock, George Harwood, Increase Nowell, Richard Perry, Richard Hellingharn, Xathaniell Wright, Samuel Vassal!, Theophilus Eaton, Thomas Gofife, Thomas Adams, John Browne, Samuell Browne,' Thomas Hutchins, William Vassall, William Pinchion, and George Foxcrofte, their Heires and Assignes^ all the saide Parte of Newe England in America, lyeing and extending betweene the Boundes and Lymytts in the said recited Indenture expressed, and all Landes and Groundes, Place and Places, Soyles, Woods and Wood Groundes, Havens, Portes, Rivers, Waters, Mynes, Mineralls, Jurisdiccons, Rightes,' Royalties, Liberties, Freedomes, Immunities, Priviledges, Franchises, Preheminences, Hereditaments, 1(1 :^(i •M) 39 ny, or evene Parte f and lieinjif witliin (' saide Hay called md Hereditaments liwanl (if tlie said I'tc thereof, and all ind Sciutli in Lati- de, tlivoii^'liont the 'arte, to tlu South Vondes and Wood Ki lycififjf within the lyeing in America Partes of the saide I, sould, enfeoffed, II Royal 3Iynes of Premisses, or any [lities, I*riviledges, 3ell establinhed at of Newe England and Premisses liy -j^ nnfirined, or in, or igland in America, I thereof; and all fills, Jm-isdiccons, s whatsoever, with Soutlicott, John Associatts, to the ; Younge, Thomas Lssignes, and their mor of p'astgreen- ■,^0 vnightes Service; he ( )are of Goulde unde, gotten, had. Parte thereof, for, nn, made, or paid naie appearo. inry Rosewell, .Sir he, and of others ions, vs moveing, ledge, and mecT < « , horaas Southco lereatter namau . hn Ven, Mathew atlianiell Wright, Samuell Browne, 'res and Assigues, the Boundes and nd Places, Soyles, sdiccons, Kightea, , Hereditaments, and Comoditiea whatsoever, to thotn the saide Sir Henry Rosewell, Sir John Younge, Thomas Smithcott, John llumfn-y, John EniIecott,and Simo. Whetcomlie, Iheire Heirus and Assigues, and to their Associatts. by the saide recited Indenture, given, grauntrd, liargayned, solde, enfeoffed, aliened, and confiimed, or mencoed, or 'utended thereby to he given, graiiuted, bargained, sold, entiofled, aliened, and eoniirmfd : To HAVH, ;:iid to lio.ihl, the saide Parte of Newe England in America, and other the Premisses hereiiy meniToed t ..e gramited and contirnicd, and every I'arte and Parcell thereof with the Ai)p\ir- tennces, to the saide Sir Henry RoscwelU Sir John Youngi;, Sir Hichard Saltonstall, Thomas Soutlicott, John Humfrey, John Eudeoott, Simon Whetcombe, Isaack Johnson, Richard Pery, Richard Belliugham, Nathaniell Wright, Samuell Vassall, Theophilus Eaton, Thimias (iotfe, Thomas Adams, John Hr^iwne, 10 Samuel Browne, Thomas Htitcl.ins, Samuel Aldersey, John Ven, Mathewe Cradock, George llarwuod> Increase Nowell, William Vassall, William Pinchion, and (ieorge Foxcrofte, their Heires and Assigues lorever, to t'i:eir onlie pro]>er and absolute Vse and I5ehoote tor evermore; To be liolden of Vs, our Heires and Successors, as of our Alannor of Eastgreenewich aforesaid, in free aiul conion Socage, and not in Capite, nor by Knights Service. And also teiii'ING and paying therefore to Vs, our Heires and Successors, the fifte jiaite onlie of all Oarc of (rould and Silver, which from tyiue to tyme, and atl all tymes here ifter .-halbe there gotten, had, or obteyned, for all Services, Exaccons and Dernaundes whatsoever, according to the Tcnme and Reservacon in the said recited Indenture expressed. And luuriiKU, knowe yee, that of our more especiall Grace, cerleii Knowledg, and mcerc niocon, 20 Wee have given and graunted, and by tlieis Presents, doe for Vs, our Heires and Successors, give and graunte vnto the saide Sir Henry Rosewell, Sir John Younge, Sir Richard Saltonstall, Thomas Soutlicott, John Humfrey, Jo'm Endecott, Symon Whetcombe, Isaack Johnson, Samuell Aldersev, John Ven, Mathewe Cradock, George Harwood. Increase Nowell, Richard Pery, Richard [?ellinglum, Nathaniel Wright, Samuell Vassall, Theophilus Eaton, Thomas Gotle, Thomas Adams, John Browne, Samuell Browne, Thomas Hutchins, William Vassall, William Pinchion, and George Foxcrofte, their Heires and Assignes, all that Parte of Newe England in America, which lyes and cxtendes betwcene a great River there, comonlic; called Monomack River, alias Menimack River, and a certen other River there, called Charles River, being in the Bottoine of a certen Bay there, comonlie called Massachusetts, alias xMatta- chusetts, alias ISIassatusetts Bay ; and al-o idl and singuler those Landes and Hereditaments whatsoever, 30 lying within the Space of Three Englishe Myles on the South Parte of the said River, called Charles River, or of any or every Parte thereof; and also all and singuler the Landes and Hereditaments what- soever, lying and being within the Space of Three Englishe Miles to the southward of the southermost Parte of the -aid Baye, called Massachusetts, alias Mattachusett>, alias Massatusets Bay : And also all those Landes and Hereditaments whatsoever, which lye and be within the Space of Three English Myles to the Northward of the saide River, called .Monomack, alias .Merrymock, or to the Norwardofanvand every Parte thereof, and all Landes and Hereditaments whatsoever, lyeing within the Lymitts aforesaide. North and South, ■.. Latitude and Bredth, and in Length and Longitude, of and within all the Bredth aforesaide, throughout the mayne Landes there, from the Atlantick and Westerne Sea and Ocean on the East Parte, to the South Sea on the West Parte ; and all Landes and Groundes, Place 40 and Places, Soyles, Woodes, and Wood Groundes, Havens, Portes, Rivers, Waters, and Hereditaments whatsoever, lyeing within the said Boundes and Lymytts, and every Parte and Parcell thereof; and also all Islands s in America aforesaide, in the saide Seas, or either of them, on the Westerne or Easterne Coastes, or Partes of the saide Tracts of Landes hereby mencoed to be given and graunted, or any of them : and all I^Iynes and Mynerals whatsoever, in the said Landes and Premisses, or any parte thereof, and free Libertie of fishing in or within any the Rivers or Waters within the Boundes and Lymytts aforesaid, and the Seas therevnto adjoining; and all Fishes, Royal Fishes, Whales, Balan, Sturgions, and other Fishes of what Kinde or Nature soever, that shall at any time hereafter be taken in or within the saide Seas -r Waters, or any of them, by the said Sir Henry Rosewell, Sir John Younge, Sir Richard Saltonstall, Thomas Southcott, John Humfrey, John Endecott, Simon Whetcombe, Isaack Johnson, TO IHK ONiAiaii AllfMllX. Ilic CliHilfr of M.i.-ha- oliusiU' H:iv IC2'.' I J Mi n 40 '"r™:" «-;nuel nldem,v John Von, Mathowe Cra.lock, George Harwood, rncrea.se Noell, Riehar.I Pery Richard ii»,..u.„ BellniL'- mill. N:it iMti ,. I \Vr;,,i,f s„^,„.ii v n -i-t , ., „ ._. ' '"'"'"" '^'^rj* nicnara I 'i TO TUK ONTiHIO APPKMIIIX. Tho (!hnrter of Miissa- chuBUttB B»y— 1629. Tlioinas (ioH'e, Thomas ndams, William Pincliion, and George 20 Bellingham, Nathaniel] Wright, Samneil Vasseli, Theophilus Eat,.n, John Urowne, Samuell Hrowne, Thomas Hutchins, William Vas.all' them or any ot them, to be appointed to iishe therein. *" ^ Vnoyun:u alwayes. That yf the said Lande., I.slandes, or any other the Premisse. hereinbefore mu coned ami by the,« present., intended and meant to be grannted, were at the tyme .,f the graunting .aid deare fathers Kaigne aforesaide, actnallie possessed or inhabited bv any other Christian Prince or .State, or were within the Boundes, Lymytts or Territories of that Southerne Colony, then before Lnaiinted 1(. ^ onr said late r..ther to be planted by divers of h. loveing Subieets in the so^rt^of An. rta ' 1 hat hen . s presen Graunt shall not extend to any such partes or parcells theieof, soe formerly inhabited, or lyeing within the Boundes of the Hontherne Plantac^on as aforesaide, but as to those partes or parcels soe possessed or inhabited by such Christian Prince or State, or being within the Bo, nders aforesaide shal be vtterlie voyd, theis presents or any Thinge therein contejned to the contrarie notwithstanding. "^ To HAVE and hould, possesse and enioy the saide partes of New England in America, which lye extend, and are abutted as aforesaide, and every parte and parcell thereof; and all the Islandes, Kivers' Fortes, Havens, \\ aters. Fishings, Fishes, Mynes, Myneralls, Jurisdiccons, Franchises, Royalties, Liberties' Priviledg^, Comodities, and Premisses whatsoever, with tho Appurtenances, vnto the said Sir Henry Rosewen Sir John lounge .Sir Richard Saltonstall, Thomas Southcott, John Humfrey, John Endecott^ Slmon^^hetcombeIsaack Johnson, Samuell Aldersey, .Tohn Yen, Mathewe Cradock, George Harwood Increase ^o«•ell, Richard Perry, Richard Bellingham, Nathaniell Wright, Samuell Vassal I TheonMlu^ Eaton Thomas Goffe Thomas Adams, John Browne, Samuell Bro.^e,' Thomas mitd!!^ W tm Vassa I, M ilham P.nchion, and George Foxcroft, their Heires and Assignes forever, to the onlie proper and absc,lute .e and -houfe of the said Sir Henry Rosewell, Sir John Younge, Sir Richard Saltltall, Thomas Sou hcott, Jo' :i Humtrey, John Endecott, Simon Whetcombe, Isaac Johnson, Samuell Aldersey JohnVenMatheweUadocke George Harwood, Increase Nowell, Richard Pery, Richard Bellinghain Natha lell ^> ngM Samuell Wall, Theophihis Eaton, Thomas Goflfe, Thomas Adams, John Biwne Samuell Brov le, Thomas Hutchins, William Vassall, William Pinchion, and George Foxcroft, their Heire ,0 and Assignes forevermore : ' ^" ^"="«s 60 To BE noLDEN of Vs, our Heires and Successors, as of our Manor of Eastgreenwicb in our Countie of Kent, within our Rea me of England, in free and comon Soccage, and not in Capite, nor by Knights Service ; and also ye.lding and paying therefore, to Vs, our Heires and Successors, the fifte Parte onlie of all Oare of Gould and Silver, which from tyme to tyme, and at all tvmes hereafter, shal be there gotten, had, or obteyned for dl Services, Exaccons, and Demaun.les whatsoever; Provided alwaies, and our expresse Will and xMeaninge is, that onlie one fifte Parte of tlie Gould and Silver Oare above mencoed, in the whole, and no. more be reserved or payeable vnto Vs, our Heires and Successors, by Collouror Vertueot the.s Presents, the double Reservac-ons or recitalls aforesaid or any Thing he ein conteyned notwithstanding. •' *' And FoiiASMOCii, as the good and prosperous Successe of the Plantacon of the saide Partes of Newe England aforesaide intended by the said Sir Henry Rosewell, Sir John Younge, Sir Richard Saltonstall Thomas Sout^hcott, John Humfrey, John Endecott, Simon Whetcombe, Isaack Johnson, Samuell Aldersey' John Ven, Mathew Cradock, George Harwood, Increase Noell, Richard Pery, Richard BellinL.harn' Nathaniell Wright, Samuell Vassall, Theophilus Eaton, Thomas Gotfe, Thomas Adams, John fiLne' Samuell Browne, Thomas Hutchins, William Vassall, William Pinchion, and George Foxcrofte to be speedily sett vpon, cannot but cheifly depend, next vnder the Blessing of Almigbtie God a'nd the support of our Royall Authoritie vpon the good Government of the same. To the Ende that the Affaires end Buyssmesses which from tyme to tyme shall happen and arise concerning the saide Landes and the 40 >> \ i *»t 41 Plantiiti'iii of tlipsame maic l^' llir lii^ttiT ni;ina},'i'(l aiid ordiiri], Wkk havk rt'iM'iiKii hi'nliy ni' niir c^pci-ial Oracc, (■(•rfaiii Kno\vlc(l;4c mul imTf .Mnn,ii, ( iivi'ii, ;;iauntfii and continiUMl, ami for Vs, our lii-iro anil Sii('ccss(irs. doe (,'ivf, j^'raiinl. and cnnliiinr \!ilo uiir raid trnstic and \v( IIipUpvim] suliicftf Sir Hrnrv Hosewell, Sir Jcilin '^'(inn;,'r, Sii- 'lirlianl Sallon-nill. 'I'lionias Snutlicott, .luliii liiinitVc}-, .lolin I'lndii'iitl, Simon \\'li(.'tci)nd)(', Isaack .lolinson, Sainiicl Alilrrsi-v. .Idlm Vcn, Mathcwi' Cradnck, George llarwinKl, Incrwisc Xo\v(!ll, Kicliard I'cry, Ivichard I'i'lliiiirliaiii, Nallianiiij Wrif^lit, Sainufii Vassall, Tlii'ii|iliilus Katon, Thomas (iiiiifc, 'I'lionias Adam.-, .Icilin l-irowm , Satiuiidl Piniwne, TlmniM- Ilutcliiii^, William Vassal , William I'inciiidn, and (iiMirijc Foxcrol'li : Am> tor \'.s, our licires and Su< ccssors, Wee will and onicync, Tiial tlir saido Sii- Jlcnry Itnsowell, Sir .Iiplni Voun;,', Sir liiuliard Saltoii>tall, Tlioirias Soullicott, lo .Idlin HuintVoy, Joliu Mndiciiil, Syinmi W'hi'liomlic. I?aaci< .Inhnson, Sainiiell Alderscy, Jolni Vm, Matiiowe Cradock, (Jcorfri; llarwxiod, Incrcast,' Nodi, Ricliard I'cry, Kifliard l)('llin;,diain, Natbaniill NVri;;lit, Samuell Vassall, Thi-ojiiiilns Eaton, Tiioinas (ioffc, Thomas Adams, John I'lrowni', Sainiirll Browne, Thomas llntcluns, William Vassall, William Pinchion, and GL'orfi;e Foxcrofti', and all such otlioi- as shall hereafter he admitted and made tree of the Company and Society hereafter mencoed, shall from tyme to tyine, and att all tymcs forever hereafter he, hy Vertue of Iheis presents, one Body corporate and politique in Fact and Name, iiy the Name of tin- (iovernor and Company of the Mattacluisetts I'ay in Newe-Knjfland, and them hy the Name of the (Jovernour and (\impany of the Mattachusetts i?ay in Newe-England, one l^odie in politi(|ue and corporate, in l)eede. Fact, and Nam( "je doe for vs, our Heires and Successors, make, ordcyne, constitute, and confirme by theis Presents, and that hy that .20 name they shall have perpetu.-'l Succession, and that hy the same Name they and their Successors shall and male he capeahle and enahlcd aswell to implraii. and to he imjileaded, and to prosecute, (lemaund, and aunswere, and be aunswcared vnto, in all and sinj^-ider Suites, Causes, (Juarrells, and Accons, of what kinde or nature soever. And also to have, tak". possesse, accpiire, and purchase any I.andes, Tenements, or Hereditaments, or anytioodrs or (.'hattells, and the same to lease, f^raunte, demise, alien, hari,'airi('. sell, and disjiose of, as other our lienje Pcojde of tiiis our Kealme of England, or any other cor|)oracon or Body politique of the same may lawfully dor. Anh I'UUTiri'.n, That the said (rovernour and Companyc, and their Successors, male have forever one eomon Scale, to be vsed in all Causes and Occasions of the said Company, and the same Seali' may alter, ehaun<,'e, breake, and newe make, from tyme to tyme, at their j)leasures. And our Will iind 30 Pleasure is, and Wee doe hen'hy for Vs, our Heires and Successors, ordeyne and graunte, That from henceforth for ever, there shalhe one Governor, one Deputy Governor, and eighteene Assistants of the same Company, to he from tyme to tyme constituted, elected and chosen out of the Freemen of the saide Company, for the tyme being, in such .Manner and Forme as hereafter in theis Presents is expressed, which said Officrs shall apjilie themselves to take Care for the b(}st disposeing and ordering of the geuerall buysinr and Affaires of, for, and concerning the said T.andes and Premisses hereby mencoed, to be graunted, and tlie Plantacion thereof, and the tJovernment of the People there. And for the better Execucon of our Koyall Ph'asiire and Graunte in tiiis P.ehalf, Wke doe, by theis presents, for Vs, our Heires and Successors, nominate, ordeyne, make, & constitute, our welheloved tiie saide Mathewe Cradocke, to be the first and present Governor of the said Company, and the saide Thomas Goffc, to he Deputy Governor of the saide Company, and the said Sir Kichard Saltonstall, Isaack Johnson, Samtiell Aldersey, Jojm Ven, John Humfrey, John Endecott, Simon Whetcombe, Increase Noell, Ki-jbard Pery, Nathaniell Wright, Samuell Vassall, Theophilus Eaton, Thomas Adams, Thomas Hutchins, John Browne, Cieorge Foxcrofte, William Vassall, and William Pincluon, to be the present Assistants of the saide Company, to continue in the saide several Offices respectivelie for such tyme, and in sueh manner, as in and hy theis Presents is hereafter declared and appointed. And FUUTHEii, Wee will, and by theis Presents, for Vs, our Heires nd Successors, doe ordeyne and graunte, That the Governor of the saide Company for the tyme being, or in his Absence by Occasion of Sickness or otherwise, the Deputie Governor for the tyme being, shall have Authoritic' from tyme to tyme vpon all Occasions, to give order for the assembling of the saide Company, and calling them together to consult and advise of the Buseinesses and Affairs of the saide Company, ana that the said Governor, Deputie Governor, and Assistants of the saide Company, for the tyme being, Nl 11 KLMKSI ii> rill' ii.s rAiiiii Al'l I .MilX. 1 hi' rh.iri'T i.t' Mansii- pliiiei'ttk K.1V ICJ'.i. ■u "(1 PI'|.EMK.Vr Til TIIK ONTAHI'I Till' Churl Br III Mhsbh- I'llllNBtts iiii.v--i'i2n. 42 AsM,nl,lu ot tli'msHvvs, tort lie l.ett,pror(Iorinn:an,l,Iiret:tin- of their AfTi.irfN and thaf mv „« a.d.., tak,.n, h,.l,l .„„ n.puted to 1„, and shalbe a full and su(tiei..„t Court- or Asseml-li^ h 'ud C.mpany, t„r he handhn,. ordering, and dispatching of all su..), Muvsiness,. and () cm r". "h h fri , tl.o saul A^>,^tants for the tyn.e h.Mnf., vpon .-very last Wednesday in Hillary, Kaster Trinity and .A ...has lermes respectivolie foreyer, on. .reat. ,v„nall and sole.npe as.cnblie, wh ■! ' ' ■ ,' ■wrnhhoH shall he std.dand called the tou.v ...ate and ...nerall Hour, of the sa de C n y- 1 lu andeve,y,oranyotwh,ehsaide,reateand.eneralICour,ssoeassend,led,NVKnnoJrvirLl^ successor., ^ye and ,raunte to t he said (Joyernor and Co.npany. and their Successor., Tl at tL yer, or .n h.s ahsonce.the Depntie Governor of the saide Con,pany for the tyme bein,, and 1701 le Ass.tan1s ,..d 1- reemen of the saide ("o.np.ny as shalhe present, or the greater r,; nl e of heL t assembled, whereof the Goyernor or Deputie Goyernor and six of the Assistants rthe l.tt . T:r I'll :r^ "!' ''''': "-" "'''"'''- " ^'-"-' "--^^^' "-" appoi:^e :: : ~i': thoy shall t unke t,t, and that shall be willin, to accept the same, to be free of the sairZp and Body and them u,to the san.e to aduutt; an.l to ehct and constitute such Officers as theyT 111 h.nke htt and requisite, for the ordering, mannagin,, and dispatching of the Atfah^s of .e Gove,.nor and (V.mpany. and their Successors; And to make Lawes and Ordinnces for the G^l nd -• NXelfareo he sa.de Company, and for the Goyernment and ordering of the saide Land! and F " aeon and the IVop,,. ,„habiting and t„ inhabite the same, as to Them from tyme t Ime shX " tis ri;:^.:. ;:;;^:;- --' ''"-- '"^ -^ ---- - -p-— - ^-es Ld ^ An., our Will n.l Pleasure is, and Wee doe hereby for Vs, our Heires and Successors, establish and .jnleynclhat yearely once m the yeare. for ever hereafter, namely, the last We.lnes ay n Fa "' learme,y«u.ely, he Goyernor I)eputy-Goyerno, and Assistants of tL saide Company a7d 11 T ffice.s of the sa.de Company shalbe in the Generall Court or As.se.nbly to be held for that Day or Tym . e.ly chosen forthe ^ea.-e ens..ei,.g by such g.vater parte of the said Company, for the Tv^e be.w' Ta^l t^r'/nr ' " " f ""■'" ,'"^' '" '' ^"^" '^"PP™ '''^ present^goirnor, D;.^^ Gov' "J :V> a..d as^..tant>,by the.s p.-ese..ts appo.nted, or such as shall hereafter be nevyly chosen /nto the r Room ' or any of them or any other of the officers to be appointed for the said Company, to ly or to T remoyed from his or the.r severall Offices or Places before the saide generall Aay of FleS,, whol ee doe he.-eby declare for a..y Misdemeanor or Defect to be remofeable by i e Go™ D P . H Gove,-no.s Assistants, and Company, or such greater Parte of the.n .n any of the pub iZ Coi.rfsT 1 e assembled as .s aforesaid) That then, and in eyery such Case, it shall and male be bw u 1 to a'd o t Goyernor Dep,.t.e Goyernor, Assistants, and Company aforesaide, or such greater Parte of them e o be assembled asMs afore.a.de m any of their Asse.nhlies, to proceade to a new Eleccon of onHr 1 e others of the.r Company ... the Koo.ue or Place, Roomes or Places of such OtBcer or Officers soe dyX or remoyed accord.ng to the.r Discrecons. And, yn.ediately yp„u and after s,.ch Elecc^m d ElS 10 made of such Goyerno,-, Dep,.t,e Goyer..or, Assistant or Assistants, or any other officer of the "de Company, m Manner and Forme aforesaid, the Authoritie, Office, and Power, before giyen to h ormo Goyernor, Dep,.t.e Governor, or other Officer and Office., soe .e.noved, in whose Steade and P la e Z shalbe soe chosen, shall as to h.m and them, and everie of them, cease and determine. P..ov.nKD alsoe, and our Will and Pleasure is, That aswell s,.eh as are by theis Presents appointed to be the present Governor, De,n.tie Goyernor, and Assistants of the said Company, as those thTst succeed the.n, and all other Officers to be appointed and chosen as aforesaid, shall, tfore they n k^ k he Exec..con of the.r sa.de Offices and Places respectivelie, take their Corporal olthes for the due ^nd a.thful Performance of he.r Duties in their seyerall Offices and Places, before such Person or pTrsons a. are by the.s Presents he.evnder appointed to take and receive the same ; That is to saie, the sILe f 43 Matliewe Cradock, wlioi- is liticliy iKHiiinati d and iipiniiiitnl i lie |]iv-ciil (invi'iiiur of tlir >ai(li' Company, shall take the saiilc Oathes before one or inori' of thr MustiTs of our Coiirti' of Clmuncery lor the Tyine heilif,', viito which .Master or .Masters of tlie Chailiieery, Wee doe by tlieis I're.selits fi;ive full i'ower and AiithoriLie to tak(! and administer tin- said Oatlie to tiie said (roveriior aeeordinj,die : And after the saide Governor shalbe soe sworne, t lien tlie siid I)ei>iity (iovernor and Assistants, liefore l)y theis Presents nominated and appointed, shall take the .-aiil >everall Oatiies to their Othces and Places respectivelie helonji;inj^, before the said -Mathew ('rado(;l<, the present (iovernor, soe fornierlie sworne as aforesaide. And every such Person as shallbo at the 'I'ymi' nf tiie annuall FJeccon, or otherwise, vpon Death or Hemoveall, be appointed to lie the newe (iovernor of tile said Company, >hall take tlie Oathes to that I" Place btdonpnj,', before the Deputy (Iovernor. or two of tlu; Assistants of the said Company at the least, for the Tynie iiein;,' : And tlie neuc elected Deputie (rovernor and Assistants, and all other oflicers to be hereafter chosen as aforosaide from Tyme to Tyme, to take tlie Oathes to their places respectivelie b('lony;inj», before the Governor of the said Company for the Tyme Imuii;,', vnto which said Governor, Deputie (joveinor, and assistants, Wee iloc by theis Presents j,'ive full Power and Aiitlioritie to give and administer the said Oathea respectively, according to our true .Meaning herein before declared, without any Comission or further Warrant to be had and obteynedof Vs, our Heires or Successors, in that Behalf. And, Wee doe further, of our especial Grace, certcii Knowledge, and mere mocon, for Vs, our Heires and Successors, give and graunte to the said Governor and C'oinpany, and their Successors for ever by theis Presents, That :t slialbe lawful! and free for them and their Assignes, at all and every -0 Tyme and Tymes hereafter, out of any our Realmes or Domynions wliat soever, to take, leade, carry, and transport, for in and into their Voyages, and for and towardes the said Plantacon in Newe Kngland, all such and soe many of our loving Subjects, or any other strangers that will become our loving Subjects, and live under o\ir Allegiance, as shall willinglie accompany them in the same Voyages and Phmtacon ; and also Shipping, Armour, Weapons, Ordinance, iMunicon, Powder, Shott, Come, Victualls, and all Manner of Clothing, Inijilemcnts, Furniture, Peastes, Cattle, Horses, ]\Iaros, .Marchandizes, and all otlier Thinges neeessarie for the saide Plantacon, and for their Vse and Defence, and for Trade with the People tliere, and in passing and returning to and fro, any I.awe or Statute to the contrary hereof in any wise notwithstanding; and without paycing or yeilding any Custome or Subsidie, either inward or outward, to Vs, our Heires or Successors, for the same, by tlie Space of seaven Yeares from the Day of the Date M) of theis Presents. PnovinKi), that none of the saide Persons bo such as slialbe hereafter by especiall Name restrayned by Vs, our Heires or Successors. A.nd, for tlieir further Encouragement, of our especiall Grace and l'"avor, Wee doe by theis Presents, for Vs, our Heires and Successors, yeild and graunt to the saide Governor and (Company, and their Successors, and every of them, their Factors and Assignes, That tliey and every of them sh.albe free and quitt from all Taxes, Subsidies, and Customes, in Newe England, for the like Space of seaven Yeares, and from all Taxes and Imposicons for the Space of twenty and one Yeares, vpon all Goodes and Jlerchandizes at any Tyme or Tymes hereafter, either vpon Importat?on thither, or Export- aeon from thence into our Kealme of England, or into any other our Domynions by the said Governor and Company, and their Successors, their Deputies, Factors, and Assignes, or any of them; E.vcept onlie )i) the five Pounds per Centum due for Custome vpon all such Goodes and Merchandizes as after the saide .seaven Yeares slialbe expired, shalba brought or imported into our Kealme of Engla , or any other of our Dominions, according to the auncient Trade of Merchants, which five Poundes per Centum onlie being paide, it shall be thenceforth lawfull and free for the said Adventurers, the same Goodes and Mer- chandizes to export and carry out of our said Domynions into forraine Partes, without any Custome, Tax, or otlier Dutie to be paid to Vs, our Heires or Successors, or to any other Officers or Ministers of Vs, our Heires and Successors. Provided, that the said Goodes and Merchandizes be shipped out within thirteene Monethes, after their first Landing within any Parte of the saide Domynion<. And, Wee doe, for Vs, our Heires and Successors, give and graunte vnto the saide (iovernor and Company, and their Successors, That whensoever, or soe often as any Custome or Subscdie uall growe tjCHI'I.KMKM ri> TllF Ontahic) Al'I'KNDlX i'lio Cluirlcr '■f Miissii- I'llUMOttS li;iy— IWU. Sli-rlKMKvr n> THK Ontahio .AlHKNDH. The Charier '■f MasDii- • ■llU^^lt^ H:iy \ri2'.l. 41 .ai.lo, by lieason of any Ooo.le., Waren, or M...d.a;Kli.es ,„ t s .. U^' : " ' V '!:'; T'' f "; any (^.oj.es, Wa.., or M..H.,n,.i.. vnU. or fro.n t...- sai.i Partes o/n...; k^ , ;,:::;: il^ .raun ...I as an.resau^o, or any the Lan.Ie. or Territor... a.,n.sui,lo. Tl.a, „„.,' an.l s ,' "3 . h ;.-, the Karmor., Cnntom.rs and OtTeers of our Custon.. of Kn^land an,l I.vlan.l, an.l ev .rio o ftl ; 1.0 Iyn.e l..M„,, vpon l.V,,n..st nuule to the.u by the Hai.le (i„vern„r an,l i '..npany, or their So Js " acto.s or Ass,,n,eH, an. ^,Km eonvement Security to l,e «iven in that IVh:,IC, sliall'^ive an.l allege vntJ he Huul (rovernor and Company and tlieir Successorn, and ... all an.l ....rie I...so,'a„.l I'ersonH free I^ a ( -nnpany, as a ..resa.de, «.x Mon.-theH Tyn... f„r the payenu.nt of ,1,. on. halfe of ail such Custom.. and bubs.dy as shalbe due an. payable vnto Vs, our Ib.ins an.i Succssors, f,.r the san.e; for which theis our Letters pa ents, or .he Duplicate, or the inn.llen.' thereof, shalb.. vnto our sai,!.. OfWvrs ■. J. tieienl Warrant and I)iscimrf;e. N.ncrlhel..s...r Will an.i l'leas,m. is, That yf any .,f the saide (ioo.les, Wares, an.i Ab.rehan.li.e, uh.ch he or shalbe at any Iyn.e hereatter lan.ie.i or exported ..uL ,.f any of .,ur Ifeabaes .tV.resaide an, shall,.. ^ 'P1-' Iw, h a Purpose not to be carrie.l to the Partes of New,. En,dand afore.u.ie, but to L.u.. oth,.r place 1 hat hen such Payment, ])ut>e, Custome, Jmp.,sieon, or K.,rfeyture. shalbe pai.i. .,r lH.lo,j,.e to \ s, our H..,res an.i ^uece.ss..rs, for the sai.l Go..des, War..s, an.i M..n.i,andize, s„e fn.udule .tlv 8ou},'ht to be transported, as yt this our Uraunte had n.jt been nia.l.. nor {rraunte.l. And, Wee doe tur.her will, and by theis Presents, for V., our Heires an.i Success.,rs, (innlie enb.ine andc..maunde,aswollthe'lWorer,ChauncellorandHaronsof the i.:xch...|Uer, of Vs, our Heires Zl Sucessors, as also all an.i singuhi- the Customers, Farm.^rs, an.i Collectors of the Custom..s, .Subsi.li,., and Imposts, an.i oth.^ the ()ftic..rs and Ministers ..f Vs, our Jb.ires an.i Successors whatsoever, C tor the lyme Be,n«:, Ihat they and every ..f them, vp..n the shewi,,;. forth vn.o them of th..is L.^tters patents, or the Duplicat.. or ex..mplili..acon of .he same, without any other Writt or Warrint whatsoever irom Vs, our Heu'es ..r Successors, to be obteyned or su...l forth, doe and shall m-.ke full whole, entire, an.i .lue Allowance, and cleare Discharfje vnto the saide Governor an.i C.»ripanv an.i ih,.,.- Sucessors, of all Cust.jmes, Subsidies, Imposic.ns, Taxes and Duties whatsoever, that shall or' nriie be clayme.l by Vs, our Heires and Successors, of or from the sai.l rrovern.^r and Company and th.ir .Successors, tor or by Reason of the saide Goodes, Chattels, Wares, M,.rchandi/es, and Premises to !..■ exported on. ot our sanl.. D.miynions, or any of them, into any Parte of the sai.le Lan.les or Premises hereby menconed, to be j,.iven, f,n-aunted, an.l conlirra..d, or for, or by Reason .,f any of the sai.l,. Goode.' Chattels, Wares, or .Merchandizes to be imported from the sai.le Landes an.i Premises I.erebv mencoed to be given, graunted, and confirmed into any of our saide Domynions, or any Part thereof as afores'ihle' .excepting only the saide five Poun.ies per Centum hereby reserve.l an.l pav..able after the Expiracon of the sai.le Terme of s.'aven Yeares as aforesaid, and not before: And th.-is our Letters-patents or the i rollment, Duplicate, or Kxemplificacon of the same shalbe for ever hereafter, from time to tyme as well to the Treasorer,Cha,nic..||,.r and Barons of the Kxche.juer of Vs, our Heires and Successors 'is to all and singuler the Customers, Farmors, and Collectors of the Cust.,m..s, Subsi.lies, and Imposts of Vs our Heires and Successors, and all Searchers, and other the Officers an.l Ministers whatsoever of Vs'' ou'r Heires and Successors, for the tim(i being, a sufficient Warrant an.l Discharge in I his' behalf. ' And, further our Will an.l Pleasure is, an.l Wee .lo.. hereby for A's, our Heires and Successors .u.ieyne and declares an.l graunte to the saide Governor and Company, and th,.ir Suecess.u-s, That all • d every the Subiect of Vs, our Heires an.l Successors, which shall goe to and inhabite within tea Landes and Premisses hereby mencoed to be graunted, and every of their Children which shall Lpr n t.jbeb.,rnetliere,orontheSeasingoeing thither, or retorning from thence, shall have and enio |1 ibertiesand Immunities of tree and natural Subiects within any of the Domvoions of Vs our Hei.'e and Successors to all Intents, Construceons, and Purposes whatsoever, as yf ihey and evede of th m were borne within ti.e Realme of England. And that the Governor an.l Dl^putie Governo f 1 1 e ■ " Company for the Tyme being, or either of them, and any two or more of such of the saide Asslsfmts'a III •M> :>(» 40 ■lo sliiillie tlicrcvnto npiioiiitcl ly tlic Kaidi- riovcrnnr nnd roiniiiiny iit any nf tln'ir (\>\uU or A^<>t'tiililicH to ■•^ihhmim 1k^ lielil iiH ut\.;-'siiiili;, shall uiiil luaic at all Tytiics, and tVoiii tynu' to tytru- luivattiT, iiavr tuU I^|^^.■r and vsvlul Aiithoritiff to ininiHt.'r and ^i\->} tlie O.itln- and O.ithe* of Hnprcmacu' ami AlL-ninnoc, or cilli.r of thcin, An^-"!". to all and cveric Pfison and I'.-rsnns which shall at any Tynu- or Tyni -s hiTfat't.T ^,'o^■ or passu to tin- ih.- cimrier Landos and I'rt.-inissfs hcnhy nicnrocd to ho ^'launtrd to itdiahit in the same. ANn, NVco dot', of oiir further (liaco, certcn Uno\v!rdany for tho Tyinc bcinj; as sijalho asscinlihd in any of thi.'ir gencrall Courts aforcsaidi', or in any ntlifr Coiirti's to be 10 specially sumoned and nssemldcd for that Purpose, or thf j,'reater Parte of them (whereof the (iovernore or Deputie (iovernor, and six of the Assistants to lio nhvayes seaven) from tyine to tyrne, to make, ordeine. and estahlishe all .Manner of wholesome and reusonahle Orders, Lawes, Statntes,and Ordinnees. |)ireL'cons, and Instrucr(»ns, not coiilrarie to the l.awes of this our liealine of Kn;;land, aswell for sctliii},' of the Formes and Ceremonies of (iovernin'and Maf,'istraey. litt and necessary for the said I'lantaeou, and the Inhabitants there, and for namein;; and stilinj,' of all sorts of OlHeers, botli superior and interior, which they shall finde needefull for that (iovenienn'Ut and I'lantaeon, and the dislin;,'uishin;,' and setting; forth of the Hoverall duties. Powers, and l->mytts of every such (Hlieeand Place, and tiie l''ormes (jf such Oathea warrantable by the Liiwes ami Statutes of this our IJealnie of l".n;,dan(l, as shaliie respect ivelie ministred vnto tijem for the Kxecncon of the said severall (UTums and I'laces ; as also, for the disjio-iu;,' 2(, and orderin;,' of the l",lecc ms of siicii of the said Otllcers as shalhe annuall, and of such others as slialbe to succeede in Case of Death or Kenioveall, and ministrinjf the said Oathes to the newe elected Ollicers. and for Imposicons of lawful! Fynes, Mulcts, Imprisonment, or other lawl'iill Correceon, according;' to the Course of other Cor|)oracons in this our Kealme of Kn,i,dand, and for the direct in. ■■, ruling', and di^posein',' of all other Matters and Thiuf^es, whereby our said Peoj)|e, Inhabitants there, may be soe reli;,'imisly, peaceablie, and civilly giverned, m their jjood liifo and ordcrlie Conversacon, niaie wynn and incite the Natives of Country, to the Knowledjjf and Obedience of the (mlio true Co I and Sauicn- of Mankinde, and the Christian l''aytli, which in our Koy;dl lutcncon, and the Ad\cntnrers fr* e Profession, is the prineipall Ende of this Planliicion. Wii.i.iNO, comanndin^', and rcipn'rinf:;, and by tlieis Presents for Vs, onr Ilcires and Successors, ordeyn- 'M ing and appointing', tliat all such Orders, Liiwes, Slatutsand Ordinnces, Instruccons and Direecons, as shalbe soe made by the (io\ernor, or Deputie Governor of the said Company, and such ot the Assistants and Freemen as aforesaide, and jjublisbeil in Writine;, vnder Hiei>' conun Scale, shalbe cai'efullie and dulie observed, kept, performed, and jmtt in Execucon, accordinjj; to the true Inti'ut and .Meaniiii;' of tbesame ; and tiitis our Letters-patents, or the Duplicate or exemplificacon thereof, shalbe to all and everie such Officers, superior and inferior, from Tyine to Tynie, for the pnttin;^ of the same Orders, Lawes, Statutes and Onlinnces Instruccons, and Direecons in due Execucon against V.s, our Heirs and Succe.s^'U•s, a sufficient Warrant and Discharge. Anu Wee doe further, for Vs, our Heires and Successors, give and graunt to the said (iovernor and Company, and their Successors by theis Presents, that all and everie such Chiefe Comaunders, 40 Captaines, Governors, and other Officers and Ministers, as by the said Orders, Lawes, Statuts, Ordinnces, Instruccons, or Direecons of the said Governor and Company for the Tytne being, shalbe from Tyme to Tyme hereafter ymplcied either in the Government of the saide Inhabitants and Platacon, or in the AVaye by Sea thither, or from thence, according to the Natures and Lymitts of their Offices and Places respectively, shall from Tyme to Tyme hereafter for ever, within the Precincts and Partes of Newe England hereby mencoed to he graunted and e. ;.. 'sraed, or in the Waie by Sea thither, or from thence, have full and Absolute Power and Authorite to cr rrect, pnnishe, pardon, governe, and rule all such the Subiects of Vs, our Ileires and Successors, as shall from Tyme to Tyme adventure themselves in any Voyadge thither or from thence, or that shall at any Tyme hereafter, iuhabite within the Precincts and et' M.IU'II' liiiv 16211. i 1 PI "II iJH III '11 ■'M ill i^ S^ t^(«Mta^*^^ai^^'^^:mim'^>^msii^,^^B^imm>mt^. 4ti l'< IIIK Al'I'UMMX. \'U' (Jhiirf.T ii .M.i«Mi- •Inwiif. PlirtON of New.' !• iit'i>reniiilIla.ln(lt.r^(Jovt■rm.rs and ()|Ii,vrs „f (|„. ^lid I, liy thfli* rrt'scnlH, tliiit it slmll and nwiic \„- jawfi to I lie h.iid ( Jdvcinor and id I Cotnpany for tiie Tvrnr hein^, who shall,., rosidcnt i 111, tn (itiil (or the Chieff n the and I'.iMum witl, tl, i.. ^1- [ ^ MraiiOH whatHoever, all ami cvitv Hueh IVrsou j.nr,„L. w ,, 1 :::;,,"■«'''' "": '",""■;";" '"'""ir ' """"■' - ■ at »n • Tvine, '„, C., ,„„ -ai. .i..v,.„„.,. a,„l (•„,„ , r..r II.. Tv,„c U,..,, .,,„|, I'rinco or Stnf,. 1 ..in . ..' ■ . ' ' "''"■*'" '"■ •'*"''«''"«*>'-N "r any of tlu- SiihjectH of unv don, soe as tl,; «aid I'nm:- n ' , ""■'^""' •"^''^;' *"" l^es.it.uM,, or Saii.sfac..o„ of all such r„i,.ri..H .•on^ented • ^ t ^ d ::;: ;r'">''">';'"^'."'-' ' ''• "— l-s .uili.. sati.n..d and tli.n it shalhe huvfull for V. our If • r Zi "' " ""''""'"^' ^^'""" ^'"-•'' '>•»" -'' t" '■" b^nytM, that, Allegiance an.l J'n.tec on • ,'. 1, i , !, ^77'"' /" '""' ""' "'"' *'"'■""" "'• ''^•'•■^^•"' ""* "^ -'• tilit.'. the said ().ren rV V ,t rh ; n '"f ''"" *'"" "" ''""'^^ *" P-ee»t.Mvuh Hos- < omforters in that Behalf: ' ' '^"'' '""' "'"'■^ "' ^'""- '•'•"^•"■•^'•^' '^>"'-'^' ^'-^t'-' -'• PnovioEn also, and onr expresse Will and I'lri.nn. ; a.,,1 vr i i .> • ,. •'" Heires an.l HuccessorH ordeyne and .„noi t T , 1 . ':; " '^ """ ^ '■•"''"*^ ^'"' ^'-^' ""'■ taken to abridge, harr, or idnde 172. ;^^ ^'"" ""' '" ""^ —"»•'• ^'"vre, or he tl.at they, and every, or any of them si,.!),. f l" ~ 1 T '"'""'"' *"' '" f^'™'"ted. But their «aid Trade of Fishing^^ne;:^^^^ "'1^ T ':"'"'" '"'"*^ ^" -'tinue and vse theSeaaor Saltwater RiL w"J e Tv 1 V ' f/ '" '" any Ar.nes of LandeshytheisIWntsgran t J ,^^C^^^^^^^^ to h.,e, and to huild and sett vp vpon the salting, drying, keeping, n^d V^cku^^t^^^^i^'^T'] ^'^'^''"T "^ ^"'^'^— - '^r the ent down, and take such Tree and otlur M. n 11 1 "" ". ' '" ''"" ''''''' ^'"'^-^^ ' "'"' '" Purpose, and for all other necessarie K .m t^ J ^717' T' "'"' '" •'""" ""'^"" '''^ ""^^ "' Fishing there, in such Manner and Fo ne L h 'l TT'" ;'"""""'' """" ^"' '""''^ °' without making any wilful! Waste or Zt ^ n ' '!'"'' '"' ""^ ^^'"'^ a-.stom..d to doe, notwithstanding. ^P^'"' '''"^' ^'''"« '" ^^'"^ ^'-'^^-^^^ '^^'^^'-'y"-'' to the contrarie effectnall, and availeable in all Thin.isTnd t .1 Tn V w?" ""'''"^^^ fime, good, true Meaning herein before d dared 2 sh I . ' Construccons of ].awe, according to our ablie on th.V.)Jf Tf 'f, ^''-'^' '""^ '*''='""' "'"strued, reputed, adiudged in all cases most favour- ••ons, and Direccons MH atoreHiiid, • hiiiil (iiivi'inor anil > 1111(1 fur thf Cliit't'i' illie ro^ili-nt in the iiiliiil.it iti;,' liy tlicir I'ir s|)i'ciiill 1 jftftifc n aH hy Lamlc, nnd my Tyine lit-rwit'ti r Haid I'liintation or •" every hiicIi iVrson ile iiianiier invade rnljaliilaiitH : ail Kiiifjcs, I'rincps |)ariy or I'lantacon, 'I'yino liiinj,', shall Hurt, Violciiec, or lie SuhjoL'tH j)f any iiid Hiut ui(on siieh ir Hi'ircs and Sue- -jo iij,'lanil, I'oniodioiis |)oyl\ I'lrdecexsord to the forc- itaid (lovt-rnor or Company JHt'orc Ihin tynir lo;. If, in tin i- I'n .^•nl^ is nut niiul.> ; or any Statute. Aet., Ordinnec, I'roviHion, I'roflainai ■•ii, or l.'.>traintc to the eontrari.- ther.of, hrr.'tnfore had, luiide, published ■^"» ordeyne.l, or pnividcMl, or any oih. r .Mati.-r, Cuuse, or 'l'hin;.'r whatsofvrr t.. I he contriiri.- tliereot in aiiv Tin- <'lmri.T wise nolwithstaiKlinif. it' Mh-*! In Witnkss wh.icof, Wee have can^d ihcis oui l.ftirrs to b.> niiiilr I'.it.nts. "'■*' '''" Wiln.'^s ours.df, ut We-^t minster, the fourth diiy .if .Maivh. in Un- Liurth V said Lands and premisses in the said Letters-pattents granted, or mentioned to be granted, imtu llieui- the said President and Council, their .Successors and Assigns forever, to be holden of his Majesty, his Heirs and Successors, as of his Highness's Manor of East-Greenwich, in the County of Kent, in free and comnum Soecage, and not ;{(, in Capite, or by Knights Service: yielding and paying to the King's Alajeaty, his Heirs and Successors, the one-fifth Part of all Gold and Silver Oare, that from time to time, and at all times from the date of the said Letters-jmttents shall be thus gotten, had, or obtained for all Services, Duties, or Demands, as in and by his Highness's said Letters-pattents amongst divers other Things therein contained, more fully at large it doth and may appear. And whereas the said Presid'nit and Council have, \i[)on matme deliberation thought fitt, for the better Furnisliing and Furtherances of the Plantation in those Part , to appropriate and allot to several and particular Persons, divers parcels of Lands within the Precincts (.f the aforesaid granted Pr( misses bv his Majesty's said Letters-pattents : Now this Irdiiiture witnesseth. That the said President and Council, of their free and mutual I" Consent, as well to the End, that all the Lands, Woods, Lakes, Rivers, Waters, Islands and Fishings, with all the TrafVick, Profits, and Commodities whatsoever, to them or any of them belongiug,and hereafter in these Presents mentioned, may be wliolly and entirely invested, appropriated, served and settled, in and uprn the said Cajitain John Mason, his Heires and Assigns forever, as for divers apecial Services for » Sevpral smiill pratiln (if Imid lociit.a wiHiiii the prc^enl limitB oflho Stato of New llnnijwliire liad been niade liy tlio " I'lvmonth Coniji.iiiy,' in Kti(,'lni,cl. to ilitlirnit |ii!iwinH WUm- lliis j;imiiI w,ih niiulo to Jolin Miison. ami coiifirrmul by tli.' fullowiii:; »uiiiiI,.im.nlHrv t;rMiit 111 l«;i.-). '111.' M-tl,-iifirs, liowcvcr, m.ucIiI tliu |irnt,rlion of Mass.'u Ihisi-iin in 1(141, and enjoyed it nntil Hi;?), vhen Uobcr't JJBBon, ;. grandson of .lolm Jliihon, ollaiiicl a roval (I.Tnc, iindrr Mliicli, tonr years Inler, a ailoiniil povernnient, willi a iireHident n ''"""''' ' '"""*'■ "'' bnrpesfcs WIT.- e>tal,li6li.d. But uu cliuiter was given to llie colony, and its BoveninuMa was only coutinu'.-d dui'iug lliu J\ing» pUasuru, ' Tliousaud Six Htindred Clinrlt's, hy the Giac'(> of &c. Hetwoen tlie I'rcsi- ' London, Es(iiiiri', on tlic Iciiioij, Kinjf James, lor iintry called or known liy , under flic Groat Seal of tcenlli year of liis h'cijijn, iiox, George, IManiiiiss of 1" Karl of Warwick, Sir le said Lettersi-pattcnis, jcrpetuall, and that tliey ;li(' said Hody ; and that (' President and Council, d, in America : And also irs and Successors, give, under (he Iv'eservations, 'art and Portion of that f l)efween the Latitudes ao nd Islands lying witliin 1 also all the said Soyle, n- as other Mines and s, Huntings, liawkings, rogativi's, .lurisdictions, rerritories and the Pre- lid Fiands and premisses he said I'resident and irs and Successors, as of nnion Soceage, and not ;j(( :< Heirs and Successors, times from the date of uties, or Demands, as in lontained, more fully at on thought fitt, for the ate and allot to several (i granted Priujisses Ky their free and inutual "* ', Islands and Fishings, lelonging, and hereafter , served and settled, in ers special Services for leen nuule by tlio " I'lvmoutli the t'ljllowiii:; sn|i|ili'mi'iil«ry 1 it until KiT.'i, vlii'M li(]licrt v'tTiiint'iil, willi a |ire.Hiileiit. it iiTiinii'Ml wiiB uu\y cuutinui'd 40 the Advancement of the said Plantation, and other good and sufRclent Causes and Considerations them Surri.KMKNi especially th(>rcunto moving, have given, granted, bargained, sold, assigned, aliened, set over, enfeoffed, oV>!m„ ArpKNinx. jii^i and confirmed, and by these presents, do give, grant, bargain, sell, assign, aliene, set over, enfeof, and confirm unto the said Captain John jMason, his Heircs and Assigns, all that Part of the main Land in New-England, lying upon the Sea Coast, beginnir.g from the middle Part of Merrimack River, and from thence to proceed nortiiwards along the Sea tJ,)ast to Piscataqua River, and so forwards up within the said River, and to the furthest Head thereof, and from thence northwestwards, until three Score Miles be finished from the first entrance of Piscataiiua River and also from Merrimack through the said River, and to the furthest Head thereof, and so forwards up into the Lands westwards until three Score 10 Miles be finished ; and from thence to cross over Land to the three Score .Miles, and accompted from Piscataqua River, together with all Islands and Islets within Five Leagues Distance of the Premisses, and abutting upon the same or any Part or Parcel thereof; as also all Lands, Soyles, Grounds, Havens, Ports, Kivers, Mines, Minerals, Pearls, Precious Stones, Woods, (Quarries, Marshes, Waters, Fishings, Huntings, liawkings, Fowling, and other Commodities and Hereditaments whatsoever, with all and singular their Appurtenances ; together with all Prerogatives, Rights, Royalties, Jurisdictions, Privileges, Franchises, Liberties, Preheminences, Marine Power, in and upon the said Seas and Rivers; as also all Escheats and Casualties thereof, as Flotsam, Jetson, Lagan, with Anchorage, and other such Duties, Immu- nities, Seotts Islets, and Appurtenances whatsoever, with all the Estate, Right, Title, Interest, Claim, and Demand whatsoever, which the said President and Council, and their successors, of Right ought to 20 have or claim in or to the said Portions of Lands, Kivers, and other the Premisses as is aforesa'i.l, by Reason or Force of his Highness's said Letters-pattents, iu as free, large, ample, and beneficial Manner, to all Intents, t:onstructions, and Purposes whatsoever, as in and by the said Jietteis-pattents the same are amongst other Things granted to the said President and Coimcil aforesaid, except two-fifths of the Oar of Gold and Silv(>r in these Presents hereafttu- expressed ; which said Portions of Lands with the Appurtenances, the said Captain John ^Lison, with t!ie Consent of the President and Council, intends to name New-Hampshire : To have and to hold all the said Portions of Lands, Islands, Rivers and Premisses, and all and singular other the Commodities and Hereditaments her given, granted, aliened, eufeotVed, and con- firmed, or mentioned, or intended by these Presents to ._ given, granted, aliened, enfeotled, and con- '^^' firmed, with all and singular the Appurtenances and every Part and Parcel thereof, unto the said Captain John Mason, his Heirs and Assigns forever, to be holden of his said Majesty, his Heirs and Successors, as of his Highness's Manor of East-Greenwich in the County of Kent, in free and common Soceage, and not in Capite, or by Knight's Service ; nevertheless with such Exceptions, Reservations, Limitations and Declarations, as in the said Letters-pattents are at large expressed : Yielding and paying unto our Sovereign Lord the King, his Heirs and Successors, the fifth Part of all the Oar of Gold and Silver, that from time to time, and at all times hereafter, shall be tliere gotten, had, and obtained, for all Services, Duties, and Demands ; and also yielding and paying unto the said President and Council, and their Successors, yearly, the sum of Five Shillings, English INIoney, if it be demanded, and the said President and Council, for them and their Successors, do covenant and grant to and ■10 with the said Captain John Mason, his Heirs and Assigns, from and after the Sealing and Delivery of these Presents, according to the Purport, true Intent and meaning of these Presents, that he shall from hence- forth, from time to lime forever, peaceably and quietly have, hold, possess, and enjoy, all the aforesaid Lands, Islands, Rivers and Premisses, with the Appurtenances, hereby before given and granted, or mentioned or intended to be hereby given and granted, and every Part or Parcel thereof, witiiout any Lett, Disturbance, Denial, Troidde, Interruption, or Eviction, of or by the said President and Council or any Person or Persons whatsoever, claiming by, from, or under them, or their Successors, or by or under their Estate, Right, Title, or Interest. And the said President and Council, for them and their Successors, do further covenant and grant to and with the said Captain John Mason, his Heirs and Assigns, by these Presents, that they, the said President and Council, shall at all times hereafter, upon reasonable Request, at the only proper Cost N ^1 f!nint nf Ni. ^1 TO all Christian People unto whom these Presents s-liall come, the Councell for the Affayrcs of New England, iu America, siaid Greeteing in our Lord God everlasting. Whereas our late Soueraign Lord King James, of blessed memory, by his Highness's letters-pattents vnder the Great Seal of England, beareiug date at Westminster, tlie lliird day of Novendier, in the eighteenth yeare of his Reign over his Highness's Realme of England, for the ('onsiileration in tlie said Lelters-patteuts expressed and declared, hath obsolutely giuen, granted, aud confirmed vnto the said Counsell, and their successors for euer, all the land of New England in Ameri<- 'ving and being in breadth from fourty degrees of northerly latitude from the Equiuoctiall Lyu.-, . ...urty-eight degrees of the said northerly latitude inclusively; 10 and in length of and within all the I. adth aforesaid, from sea to sea, togeather alsoe with all the firme lands, soyles, grounds, havens, ports, rivers, waters, fishings, mines, and miueralls, as well Royal! mines of gould and silver, as other mines and miueralls, pretious stoons, quaries, and all and singular other commoditys, jurisdictions, Royaltys, privileges, franchises, preheminences, both within the said tract of land upon the Mayn, and alsoe within the yslauds and seas adjoyneing, as the said letters-pattents, amongst divers other things therein contayned, more at large doth aud may appeare. Now know all men by these presents, that the said Counsell of New England, in America, being assembled in publick court, according to an act made and agreed vpon the third day of February last past, before the date of these presents, for diverse good causes and considerations them there vnto espetially moveing. Have given, granted, aliened, bargaued and sould, aud in and by these presents ilo 20 for them and their successors, give, grant, alien, bargane sell and confirm viito Capt. John Mason, Esq. his heyres and assignes,all that part of the ISlayn Land of New England aforesaid, beginning from the middle part of Naumkeck River, aud from thence to proceed eastwards along the Sea Coast to Cape Anne, and round about the same to Pischataway Harbour, and soe forwards vp within the river Newgewanacke, and to the furthest head of the said River, and from thence northwestwards till sixty miles bee finished, from the first entrance of Pischataqva Harbor, and alsoe from Naumkecke through the River thereof vp iuto the land west sixty miles, from which period to cross over land to the sixty miles end, accompted from Pischataway, through Newgewanacke River to the land northwest aforesaid ; and alsoe all that the South Halfe of the Ysles of Sholes, all which lands, with the Consent of the Counsell, shall from henceforth be called New-hampshyre : 30 And alsoe ten thousand acres more of land in New England aforesaid, on the southeast part of Sagadihoc, at the mouth or entrance thereof, from henceforth to bee called by the name of Massonia ; togeather with all and singular Havens, ILarbors, Cricks, and Yslauds iubayed,and all Islands and Isletts lying within five leagues distance of the Mayne laud opposite and abutting upon the Premises or any part thereof, not formerly lawfully granted to any by spetiall name ; and all mines, miueralls, quaries, soyles, aud woods, marshes, waters, rivers, lakes, fishing, hawkings, hunting, and fowling, and all other Royaltys, jurisdictions, privilodges, preheminences, profitts, comoditys, and hiereditameuts, whatsoever, with all aud singular tbeire and every of tlieire appurtenances, and togeather alsoe with all rents reserved, and the benefitt of all profitts duo to the said Counsell, and theire successors, with power of judicature in all causes and uiatters whatsoever, as well criminall, capitall, and civil, arising or which may hereafter arise 4,) within the lymitts, bounds, and precincts aforesayd, to bee exercised, and executed according to the laws of England as neere as may bee, by the said capt. Johu Mason, his heyers and assignes, or his or their Deputys, Leeftenants, Judges, Stewards, or Officers thereunto by him or them assigned, deputed or appoynted from tyme to tyme, with all other priviledges, frantises, lybertys, immuuitys, escheats, and causuallitys, thereof ariseing or which shall or may hereafter arise within the said lymitts and precincts, with all the' right, title, claime, aud demand whatsoever, which the said Counsell and their successors now of right have or ought to have, or claim, or may have or acquire hereafter in or to the said portions of lands, or Islands or any the premisses, and in as large, free, ample, benefitiall a manner, to all intents, 'constructions, and purposes whatsoever, as the said Counsell, by virtue of his Majesty's said Sll'l'l tMINl Ul 1HI-. (iNIiKlU •J llniiit of New HiiMii'sliirt m 52 V„K ;"«••« Patents may or can grant the same ; .aveing and always reserving vnto the said Counsell and '^:Z:. ^' ;'3""^'^' P°^^^^; *; ^^^^^^^; "r ^"' '^^""'^"'^^ '-^^ "'^'^ -.mar'appoale and apealeso every Gr rTv Z ^"^ P"""'""** vvhatsoever. dwelling or inhabiting within the said Territorys and Yslands or .„v ^H;;;;^Htr ^^r: ' "' fr'1 " f ^'' °' "^""^ '™" ^" J^^«^"^"*' --^ --^^--^ whatsoever g^t witZ •-i6;ij. the said lands and territory aforesaid : ^ To have and to honld all and singular the lands and premisses above, by these preseats granted s3 w;;rr?'!f^"f ''' '^^^ f "^"^^"^ ^' ^^^°''^"^' ^^°^-''^^^^«' -^ h^reditamentsTh t ever, within the lands and precincts aforesaid, to the said lands, yslands, and premisses, or any part of the n, anywise belonging or appertayning vnto the said Capt. John Mason, his heyres, and assignes; to the 1 oulden of the said Counsell, and their successors per gladium commitatis, that is to say by findin<. four able men conucniently armed and arrayed for the warre to attend vpon the Governor of New England for the pubhck service of within fom-eteen dayes after any warneing given; Yielding and paying vnto the said Counsell and their successors for ever, one fifth part of all the ore of the min.^s ot gouhl and silver, which shall bee had possessed, or obteyned witliin the lymitts or precincts aforesaid, for ail rents, services dutys, and demands whatsoever due vnto the said Counsell and their su.cessors, from any plantation within t],e precincts aforesaid, the same to bee delivered vnto his Majesty's Receiver his Depu y or Deputys assigned for the receipt thereof, to the use of his Majesty, his heyres and successors trom tyme to tyme, within the lands, precincts, and territ ory's of New-England aforesaid. ste.dw''"f;u ''''*! ^T^'^d^'^'^'P"*"^""^ '"''^°"=''^ ""^ ^mir^^^d, and in their place and 20 stead have putt Henry Jocelyn, Esq ; and Ambrose Gibbines Gentle, or either of them, to be their true and lawful! Atturney and Atturneys, for them, and in their name and stead to enter into the said lands and other th3 premisses with their appurt nances, or any part thereof in the name of the whole, and take qmet and peaceable possession and s( ,/.in thereof so liad and taken as aforesaid, then to deliver the same vnto the said Capt. J hn Mason, his heyres or assigns, or to his or their certen Atturnev or Atturneys, to be by him or them deputed on that behalf, according to the purport, true intent and meaning of these presents. In witness whereof they the said Counsell have hereunto affixed their commnn seal, dated the two- and-twenteth day of April, in the eleventh yeare of the Reigne of our Soueraign Lord Charles, by the 'J'f . ? : ^"^ °^ ^°^^'°'^' ^'°"'"^'' ^'^""^••^' '"^"^ ^''^^''^^ »«f«°der of the Faith, Anno Domini 3o lb35. feealed with the Seal of the said Counsell thereto appended. Ill 53 GRANT OF THE I'lIOVIM'K OF MAINK -1G39.* CHARLES Ly the grace of Ood King of iMiglaml Scdtlaiid France anil Ireland Defender of the Faith, &c To all to whomtlieise Presents shall come Greeting Whereas SifFerdinando Gorges Knight halhbeen an humble suitor unto us to graunto and coulirnie unto hiin and his heires a parte and porcon of the country of America now commoidy called (;r ktmwne by the name of New Erigland in America hereafter in theise Presents described by the meets and boundes thi'reof with divers and sundrie priviledges and juris- ur,\iir7tli. SlULFMKNT 111 TIO Al'I'fMilX. diccons for the welfare and good of the state of those Colonies that shalbeo drawne tliither and for the better governement of tlie people that shall live and inhaliitc within tl"; lyniits and precints thereof whiehe 10 parte or porcon of the said Countrio wee have heretofore (amongst other things) for us our heires and successors taken into actuall and reall possession or in defaultc of such actnall and reall possession formerly taken Wee Doe by theise Presents for us our heires and successors take the same into our actuall and reall possession Knowe yee therefore that of our espeeiall grace certaine knowledge ami meere mocon Wee Have given graunted and confirmed And by these Presents for us our heires and successors ])oe give graunte aiid confirm(> unto the said Sir Fardinando Gorges his heires and assignes All that Parte Purparte and Porcon of the ]\Iayne Lande of New England aforesaid beginning att the entrance of Pascataway Harbor and soe to passe upp the same into the River of Newichewanocke and through the same imto the furthest heade thereof and from thence Northwestwards till one liundred and twenty miles bee finished i"ul from Pascataway Harlior month aforesaid Nortiieastwards along the 20 Sea Coasts to Sagadabocke and upp the River thereof to Kynybeiiuy River and through the Ham(! unto the heade thereof and into the Lande Northwestwards untill one hundred and twenty myles bee ended being accompted from the mouth of Sagadabocke and from the period of one hundred and twenty myles aforesaid to crosse over Lande to the one hundred and twenty myles end formerly reckoned upp into the Lande from Pascataway Harbor through Newichewanocke River and alsoe the Norths halfe of the Isles of Shoales togeathcr with the Isles of Capawock and Nawtican neere Cape Cod as alsoe all the Islands and Iletts lyeinge within five leagues of the jMayne all alonge the aforesaide Coasts betncene the aforesaid Eiver of Pascataway and Segadahocke with all the Creekes Havens and Harbors thereunto belonginge and the Revercon and Revercons Reniaynder and Remaynders of all and singular the said Landes Rivers and Premisses All which said Part Purfiart or Porcon of the .Mayne Lande and all and every the 30 Premisses herein before named Wee Doe for us our heires and successors create and incorporate into One Province or Countie And Wee Doe name ordeyne and appoynt that the porcon of the Mayne Lande and Premises afore- saide shall forever hereafter bee called and named The Province or Countie of Mayne and not by any other name or names whatsoever with all and singuler the Soyle and (i rounds thereof as well drye as covered with water and all Waters Portes Havens and Creekes of the Sea and Inletts of the said Province of Mayno and Premisses as to them or any of them belonginge or adjacent as alsoe all Woodes Trees Lakes and Rivers within the said Provynce of Mayne and Premisses and the Lymitts of the same togeather with the Fisheings of whatsoever kinde as well Pearle as Fishe as Whales Sturgeons or any other either in the Sea or Rivers and alsoe All Royaltyes of Hawkeing Hunting Fowleing Warren and 40 Chases within the said Province of Mayne and Premisses aforesaid Deere of all sorts and all other Beasts and Fowles of Warren and Chase and all other Beasts there and alsoe All Mynes and Oare of Goulde Silver Precious Stones Tynne Leade Copper Sulpbure Brimstone or any other Mett:dl or Mynerall matter whatso- ever within the said Province and Pren.isses or any of them opened or hidden in all Quarries there And all * Tliis charter -wliioh was granted liy Charles I. to Sir Fcrdinanclo Ciorgcs rirtually confirmpd ft patent which had boen given by the Plymouth Conipiiny, establislied under the charter of IGUG, to Sir Ferdinaiulo dorges and Captain Juhu Masun, dated August 10. 1622. Gorges established a government under it, which was brukoii up by his di'iith in 1C47. Sir Ferdiimndu Gorges's grandson, Fordinando Gorges, sohl and gave a di'Cil of the Province of Maine, March 13, 1677, to John Ushor, a merchant of Boston, for£l,2fl0. In the same year Usher gave a deed of the same territory to the governor and conipauy of Massachusetts Bay. I Vnviiif Miiiiu'- i 54 ■■^I'l'PI.miKNT Ti> TIIK OsTARin Al'PKMll'i. 'ilMIlt tn fill' I'rovlnoc nl Mail. 1 iirri Gould Silver Pearle I rec.ous Stones and AmberRroere wlnd.e sl.all.o,. found, within the said Province and Premisses or any of the.n and the Lyrnitts and Coasts of the same or anv of them or anv partTof them or any of them and all and sin^adar other Proftitts Jienefitts and Comn.odityes j^rowein.^ corneincr accruemff or happening or to be had perceived or taken within the said Province and Premisse^ Lvmitt^ and Coasts of he same or any of them and alsoe All Patronages and Advowsons Free Dlsposieoa. and Donacons of all and every such Churches and Cimppells as shall^e ma.le r.nd erected within the said Province and Iremisses or any of them with full power lycense an.l authority to builde and erecte or cause to be bu, te and erected soe many Churches and Chnppells there as to the said Sir Ferdinando ( lor-^es his heires and ass.gnes shall seeme meete and convenient and to dedicate and consecrate the .ame'or cause the same to bee dedicated and consecrated according to the Ecclesiastical Lawes of this our 10 ealme of England togeather alsoe with all and singuler and as large anrl ample Rights Jurisdiccons I riviledges Prerogatives Koyalties Lihertyes Imunityes Franchises Preheminences an.l Hereditaments as well by Sea as l,y Lande within tlie sai.l Province and Premisses and the Precincts and Coasts of the same or any of them and within the Seas belonging or adjacent to them or any of them as the Bishopp of Durham within the Hishopricke or Countie Palatine of J)uresme in our Kingdomo of Ei.dand now hath useth or enjoyeth or of right hee ought to have use or enjoye within the said Countie l^Ilatine as If the same were herein particulerly menconed and expressed To have and to hould possesse and enjove the said Province and Premisses an.l every of them and all and singuler other the Premisses b.'fore by theise I resents graunted or menconed or intended to bee graunted with theire and everye of theire rights members and appurtenances unto the sai.l Sir Ferdinan.lo Gorges his heires and assignes 20 To he sole and only use of the said Sir Ferdinando Gorges his heires and assignes forever To bee houlden of us our heires and successors as of the M,nnor of East Greenwich in the Countie of Kent by Fealty onely in fee and common Soccage and not in Capite nor in Knights Service for all manner of service whatsoever Yieldeing an.l Payeing therefore yearely to us our heires and successors one Quarter of W heate And alsoe Yieldeing and Payeing to us our heires Lud successors the fifte parte of the cleere yearely proffitts of all K..yall Mynes of Goiilde and Silver t],at from tyme to tyme and att all tymes hereatter shalbee there gotten and obteyned (if any suche shalbee there foun.le) and the fifte part of all Goulde and Silver foun.le uppon the Sea Shoare or in Rivers or elsewliere within the bounties and Ivmitts of the said Province and Premisses and the fifte parte of the cleere yearely proffitt of Pearle Fisheing And Wee Doe for us our heirs and successors further Graunte unto the said Sir Fardinando Gorges 30 his heires and assignes forever All Treasure Trove Goodes and Chattells of Felons and of Felons of themselves Waifes Estrayes Pyrats Goodes Deodands Fynes and Amerciaments of all the Inhabitants and others happening groweing." or ariseing in the said Province and other the Premisses or any part thereof or m any Voyage or Passage to or from the same aswell for Oflfences committed a-ainst our selfe our heires and successors or thinges concerninge our selfe our heires or successors or our proffitt as a-ainst others or thinges concerninge others or ihe proffitts of others and all and all manner of Wrecks ofSliinn^ or Merchandize an.l all that which to wrecke belongeth by what means soever happening within or uppon the Havens Coasts Creeks or Shoares of the Premisses or any parte thereof And Wee Doe for us our heires and successors create ordeyne and constitute the said Fardinando Gorges his heires and assignes the true and absolute Lords and Proprietors of all and every the aforesaid 40 Province of Mayne and Premisses aforesaid and all and every th. Lymitts and Casts thereof sareing always the faith and allegiance and the Supreame Dominion due to i.s our heires and successors And for the better governement of such our Subjects and others as att any tyme shall happen to dwell or reside within the said Province and Premisses or passe to or from the same our will ,nd pleasure IS that the Religion nowe professed in the Ciuirch of England and Ecclesiasticall Governement nowe used in the same shalbee forever hereafter professe.l and with asmuch convenient speede as may ^e setled and established in and throughout the said Province and Premisses and every of them And Wee Doe for us our heires and successors by theise Presents give and graunte unto the said Sir Fardinando Gorges his heires and assignes power and authority with the assent of the greater parte 5r, of the Freeholders of tlic said Provinci' niul Premisses for the tyino 1i>iii^' (wlien there shalbec any) wlioi' are to hcc called thereunto fioiri tyine to tyine when and as often a« it i-halliec requisite to make ordeyiie and puhlish l^awes Ordinance's and Const itiieons rea-onable and not re])iif,niant or contrary hnt ajjfreeahlc (as neereas conveniently may bee) to tlie Lawes of Knj,diind for the pidilii|ue j^nxid of the said I'roviiid' and Premisses and of the Inlialiitants thereof hy iin|,'(iseinij of penaltyes imprisonments or other coneccons (or if tiie offence shall require) hy takeinjf away of life or member the said Lawes and Oonstitucons to extend as well to such as shalbee jiiissinjj unto or retnrninfj from the said Province and Premisses as unto the Iidiabitants and Kesidents of or within the same and the same to bee put in execueon by the said Sir Fardinando (Jorjifes his heires or assij^nes or by his or theire Deputies 10 liieuetenants Judij^es Officers or Ministers in that behalfe lawfully authorized and the same J^awes Ordi- nances and Constitucons or any of them to alter change revoke or make voyde and to make new not repuffnant nor contrary but aj^reeable as nee'-e as may bee to the I^awos of Hnffland as tlii' said Sir Farilinando Gorges his heires or assie;nestoy[eather willi the said Freehoulders or the greater parte of them for the tyme being shalbee from tyme to tyme tlione;tit lift an said Sir Fardinando Gorges his heires and assignes to erect Courtes of Juslici. aswell ecclestiasticall as civill and temporall whatsoever and to appoynt and constitute from tyme to tymt; Judges Justices Magistrates and Officers as well of the said Courte and ("ourtcs of Justice as o';lierwise 20 aswell by Sea as by Lande for the jiearing and determining of all manner of Causes wliatsoever within orconcerning the said Province and I'remisses or any of them or the Inhabitants or Ivesidcnts there and Passengers to or from the sam(^ aswell by Lande as by Sea and to order and appoynt what matters or thinges shalbee heard determyued done or ordered in anie of the s:iid Courtes or by any of the said Judges Magistrates and officers w ith such power and in such forme as it shall seeme good to the eaid Sir Fardinando Gorges his heires and assignes And the said Judges Justices ."Magistrates and t)ftieers and every or any of them from tiuu^ to time to displace and remove when the said Sir Fardinando Gorges his heires or assignes shall thinke fitt and to place others in theire roomes and steed And that the Inhabitants and Residents within the said Province and Premisses and Passengers to and from the same may within fortie days after sentence given in the said Courtes (where appeales in like Courtes 30 within this Kingdome are admitted) appeale to the said Sir Fardinando tiorge? his heires or assignes or his or theire generall Governour or Chiefe Deputie of the said Province and Premisses for the tyme being To whome Wee Doe by these Presents for us our heires and successors give full power and authoritie to proceede in -luch Appeals as in like case of Appeales within this our Kealme of England And Wee Doe further for us -^ur heires and successors give and graunte unto the said Sir Fardinando Gorges his heires and assignes full power ano authoritie to pardon remitt and release all offences and otVendors within the said Province and Premisses against all and every or any the said Lawes Ordynances or Constitucons and to doe all and singular other thinges unto the execueon of Justice apperteyning in any Courte of Justice according to the forme and manner of proceeding in such Courtes to be used although in these our Letters Patents there bee noe particuler mencon of the same ■to But Wee Doe nevertheles hereby signifie and declare our will and pleasure to bee the powers and authorities hereby given to tlie said Sir Fardinando Gorges his heires and assignes for and concerning the Governement both Ecelesiasticall and Civill within the said Province and Premisses shalbee subordy- nate and subject to the power and reglement of the Lords and other Commissioners here for forraigne Plantacons for the tyme being but for all and wliatsoever doth shall or maye concerne the proprietie of the said Province Partes and Coastes of the same or any of them or any Owner Shipp or Interest in any Landes Tenements or other Hereditaments Goodes or Chattells or the nomyuateing or appoynting of any Officer or Officers the same is lefte whollie to the said Sir Fardinando Gorges his heires and assignes accordin<' to the tenor intent and true meaning of theise Presents And because such Assemblies of Free- houlders for makeing of Lawes cannot alwayes bee soe suddenly called as there may bee occasion to require the same Wee Doe therefore for us our heires and successors give and graunte unto the said Sir Sl rl'l.lMKNT TO Tin: (iNTAlll'i ArriiNnit. (irillit tn llio 1 roviiuM' (il Miiino— 66 ArPKNiiix. Omiit to thi' Province of Maine — ifiao. 'To'nT^ ';"''''"''^"''" ^'O''^"'*' '•''^ Jieires and assi^nes full power nnfl autlmritie that, liee tlio said Sir Fardinando Ontah.o Gorf,'es his hcircs and as?if,'nes hy him and th.'insolvcs or by iiis or theire Dc|jutics .Manitst rates or Officers in tliat hehalfe lawfully constituted shall or may he from tymeto tyme make and onk^nt; fitt and whole- some Ordinances within the said Provinci; or Premisses aforesaid to hee kepte and observed as well for tiie keepeiuf,' of the peace as for the better s,'<>vernetnent of the pi'ople there abideinj,' or passing? to or from the same and to i)ublishe the same to all to whome itt maye concerne which Ordinance. Wee Doe for us ourheires and successors straif^htly c.mand to bee inviolably ohserveil within the said Province and Premisses under the penallie tiicrein expressed soe as the same Ordinances bee reasonable and not repuf?- nant or contrary but as neere as may be ajjreeahle to the Lawes and Statutes of our Kiuj^'dome of Kufrland and soe as the same Ordinanees doe not extend to the bindein^f char^rein^' or takeing away of the lo right or Interest of any person or persons in theire lives members Kreehoulds ffoodes or Chattells what- soever And l)ecaiise in a Country soe farr distant and seated amongst so(! many barbarous nations tlie Incursions or Invasions aswell of the barbarous people as of Pirates and other enemies maye be justly feared Wee Doe therefore for us our heires and successors give and graunte unto the said Sir Fardinando Gorges his heires and assignes full power and authoritie that hee the said Sir Fardinando (iorges his lieires and assignes asweli by him and themselves as by his and theire Deputyes Captaynes or other Officers for the tyme being shall or lawfullyc maye muster leavic; rayse armes and ymploye all person and persons whatsoever inliabiteing or resideing witliin the said Province or Premisses for the resisting or withstanding of such Knymiea or Pyrates both att Lande and att Sea and such Enimies or Pyrates (if occasion shall require) to pursue and prosecute out of the lymitts of the said Province or Premisses and 20 then (if itt shall soe please God) to vancpiislie apprehcnde and take and being taken either according to the Lawe of armes to kill or to keepe and preserve them att their pleasure And likewise by force of armes to recover from any person or persons all such Territories Domynions Landes Places Goods Chattels and Wares whidi hereafter shalbee taken from the said Sir Fardinando Gorges his heires or assignes or from his or theire Deputyes Officers or Servants or from any the Plantors Inhabitants or Kesidents of or within the said Province or Premisses or from any otlier .Alembers Aydors or Assistors of the said Sir Fardinando Gorges his heires or assignes or from any otlier the subjects of ns our heires and successors or others in amitie with ns our heires and successors in the said Province and Premisses and Coasts or any of them or in theire passage to or from the same Ane hoidden of the said Sir Pardinando Gorges his heires and assignes as of the said Mannors or any of them respectively the Acte of Parliament made and enacted in the eighteenth yeare of King Kdward the Kirst commonly called (Quia Emptores Terrarum) or any other Statute wiuitsoever or any other matter or thinge wliatsoever to the contrary thereof in any wise notwittistandinge And that liee the said Sir Kardinando Gorges his heires and assignes shall have houlde and keepe within the said severall Mannours soe to bee erected suche and soe many Courtes aswell as Conrte Loetes as Courtes Barons as to our Lawes and Statutes of England shalbe agreeable 2,1 And Wee Doe further for us our heires anu successors give and graunteunto the said Sir Fardinando Gorges his heires and assignes for ever all Adrnirall Rights Henefitts and Jurisdiccons and likewise all Priviledges and Commodities to the said Adrnirall Jurisdiccons in any wise belonging or apperteyning in and uppon the Seas Rivers and Coastes of or belonging to the said Province and Premisses or every or any of them or to the same adjoyneing witliin twentie leiigues of the said Province and Premisses or any of them and in and uppon all otlier Rivers and Creekcs thereof And likewise power to heare and determine all manner of Pleas for and concerning the same Saveing allwayes to us our heires anfl successors and to the Lord High Adrnirall of England for the tyme being of us our heires and successors all and all manner of Jurisdiccons Rigiits Powers Benefits and authorities whatsoever incident or belong- ing to the said officeofAdmirall which itt shalbee lawfull from tyme to tyme to us our heires or successors ;j(| or the Lord High Adrnirall of England for the tyme being to have nse and exercise within the said Province and Premisses and the Seas or Rivers thereof or within twentie leagues of the same as .iforesaid when wee shall thinke fitt And Wee Doe for us our heires and successors give and graimte unto the said Sir Fardinando Gorges his heires and assignes full power and authoritie att any time or times hereafter by him or themselves or by his or theire Deputies to administer oathes to all Judges Justices Magistrates and other officers whatsoever by the said Sir Fardinando Gorges his heires and assignes his or theire deputyes to be elected att tbe eleccon of them to theire severall offices and places or within convenient time after And alsoe that ~e the said Fardinando Gorges his heires and assignes shall have full power and authoritie aswell by him and themselves as by his or theire deputie or other Chief Magistrate or Officer by him or them 4u to bee in that behalfe appointed to give and administer reasonable oathes to all or any person or persons of what degree or qualitie soever imployed or to be ymployed in or about the said Province Premisses and Territories aforesaid or anie of them or in or abotii the coasts of the same And likewise to all or any Inhabitants and others that shalbee or remayne within the said Province and Premisses or any of them for the true and faithfull execucon and performance of theire severall charges and places or for the exaiacon and cleareing the truth and likewise for the Informacon and better direccon of his and theire judgments in any matter or cause whatsoever concerning the said Sir Fardinando Gorges his heires or assignes or any Inhabitant member or Person belonging or repayring unto the said Province and Premisses or any of them or any parte of them And in all causes Accons Suits and Debates there to bee begun and prosecuted as the nature of the cause shall require And further of our more espeaciall grace 59 ivince ami Piotninien il (lintiiicff MivnnorM 1 neeine rueete and ti;c« irs or :iny of them to jjjnes Hliall pleone i\w j;nt'S by Btu-h Hervicen i(l() Gorj^cs liifl lu'ircH f the .said dcmeasne 10 Haid Munnors to any I as to the 8aid Sir said Sir Fardinando e Acte of Parliament lied (Quia Kmptores ever to the contrary ar^ea his heires and rected suche and soe SlatuteH of England 2(1 B said Sir Fardinando cons and likewise all Wfr or apperteyninjj; Premisses or every ice and Premisses or e power to lieare and us our heires and heires and successors r incident or belonjj- ir heires or successors •cise within the said the same as aforesaid ;5i) r Fardinando Gorges him or themselves or 8 and other officers eputyes to be elected ime after And alsoe nd authoritie aswell Beer by him or them 4u iny person or persons Province Premisses likewise to all or any sses or any of them d places or for the tn of his and theire Gorges his heires or said Province and Jebates there to bee ore espeaciall grace ro iHk AlPKNIHX. loau certeyne knowledge and meer<^ mocon Wee Doe hereby for ur our heires and succesHorH graimte unto the aipniiMiNr •aid Sir Fardinando Gorges his heires and assigncs that itt sliull iimi may Ikm- liiwfull to and for the said Sir Fardinando Gorges his heires and assignes and every of them from tyme to tyme to sett to Sea such and soe many Shipps Pinnaces Barges Boates and (.ther Vessells as shalbee thought fitt by the said (ir«nt tu ib. Sir Fardinando Gorges his heires and assignes prepared and furnished with ( trdiniinoes Artillery I'nwder jJi'',',''!""'' " Shott Victualls Municon or other Weapons cr Abiliments of War iiswell invasive as defensive in warlike manner or otherwise and with such number of Men Weomen and t'iiildren as the said Sir Fardinando (rorges his heires or assignes shall thinke fitt such voyage into the said Islands and Places or any parte thereof aswell for the Plantacon and Fortiticaeon tiiereof as otherwise And that these Presents slialbee 10 a sufficient Lycep«e and Warrant for any person or persons that slialbee by him or them sent and ymployed thither o goe beyonde the Seas and ir; that manner soe as the persons soe to bee shipped sent or transported as aforesaid bee not such as are or for the tyme being slinlk'e prohibited by Procliimucon of ua our heires or successors or by any order or orders of the Lords or others Commissi ouers for Forraigne Plantacons for the tyme being. And Wee Doe for us our heires and successors further graunte to and with the said Sir Fardinando Gorges his heir !s and assignes that onely hee the said Sir Fardinando (rorges his heirs and assignes and his and theire Factors Agents and such as shalbee imployed sent lycensed orallowinl by hiiu or them and noe other person or persons whatsoever except before excepted shall repayre or goe into the said Province of Mayne and Premisses aforesaid and the places within tlie lymi ts and coji'^ts tiiereof or any of them to 1>() dwell inhabite or abide there nor have use or enjoye the libertie use and privileges of trade or traffique unto in or from the said Province and Premisses or any of them or buying selling bartering or exchangeing for or with any Wares Goodes or Merchanilizes there whatsoever And likewise tliiit itt shall luid may bee lawfuU to and for the said Sir Fardinando (rorges his heirs and assignes and for sill lunl every other person and persons that shalbee lycensed or allowed by the said Sir Fardinandi) Gorges his heires or assignes from henceforth and at all other tymes and from tyme to tyme after tlie date of these our Letters Patents according to the orders and constitucons of tlie said Sir Fardiniiiido Gorges his heires and assignes not being repugnant to our Proclamacons and Orders of the Lords and others oiir Commissioners as aforesaid to take convey carrie and transport for and towards the Plantacon of the said Province and Premisses or any of them or to bee used there or in the passage ;5() thither or returning from thence and there to leave abide and inhabite all such and soe many of our loveing subjects or any other Strangers that will become our subjects and live under our alleagiance as shall willingly transport themselves or bee transported tliitlier and that such our subjects or Strangers may togeather with theire persons send carrie or convey thither aswell Shipping Armour Weapons Ordinance Municon Powder Shott and Habiliments of Warr as Victualls Canvas Lynnen Woollen Cloath Tooles Ymplements Furniture Twyne and PuUen Goodes Wares and Merchandizes of all kindes and sortes whatsoever fitt and necessary for the foode lyvelyhood habitacou apparrell or Defence of our subjects which shall there inhabite and bee and all other Wares Merchandizes and Goods whatsoever not prohibited by the Lawes or Statutes of this our Kingdome payeing customes and other duties a^ other our subjects doe in such cases And of our further Royall favour Wee have graunted 40 And by these Presents for us our heires and successors Wee Doe graunte unto the said Sir Fardinando Gorges his heires and assignes that the aforesaid Province Rivers and Places hereby before menconed to bee graunted or any of them shall not bee traded in or unto nor inhabited by any of the subjects of us our heires and successors without the speaciall lycense of the «iid Sir Fardinando Gorges his heires and assignes And therefore wee doe hereby for us our heires and successors charge and comand prohibit and forbidd all the subjects of us our heires and successors of what degree qualitie or condicon soever they bee that none of them directlie or indirectlie presume to trade or adventure to traffitjue into or from nor to inhabite or abide in the said Province of Mayne Island Dominion and Places hereby men- coned or intended to bee graunted or any of them other then the said Sir Fardinando Gorges his heires and assignes and his and theire deputies and factors unles itt bee with the license and consent of the said Sir Fardinando Gorges his heires and assignes first had and obteyned in that behalf in writeinge under ]■} Iff. i: if:' 60 Til THH OnIIHI'I Ai'HHtiiirx, • Iriint to tlie I'ruvlncu "f Ki.llt Sipi'iKUKMr his and thpire handu and seals under payno of our indijjfnacon and alsoe of suolin pcnnltyes and piiniMh- meiits 118 hy the J,!iwe« and Ordiiiiiiices of the Hiiid .Sir Ferdinundo (rorgen hix heiren and antiigneH to Im'o made in that hehalfo shiilhee appoynted And Wee Doe fiirtlier for us our heiren and Huccessors graunte unto the said Sir Ferdinundo (}orgen hJH hcire? and asHigneB that all and every the persons being the sulijectB of uh our lieirs and ucces^HifrH which sliall pie or inhahite within the naid Province and rreiniHscH or any of tlu'm and all and everie tlie children and posteritu- / Ki-glish Scottish or Irish Parents which shall happen to be home within the same or uppod ^"a" a passing thither or from thence from henceforth ought to iK'e and shalbee take u ***^ reputei .( the allegii .ikv^ of uh our heires and successors and shalbee and «oe shalbee forever hdiprijHir . i, .m. .^ ''^ tx'e the natiintll home subjects of us our hiires and sue- 1" cessors and shall bee able i" jjlosde and bet- ) ii,ipltiHiled and shall have power and bee able to take by dis- cent purchase or oth*'^"!*^' Landes Tenements and Hereditaments and shall have and injoy all Mbertieg FVanclieses and Immiinityies if or belonging to any the natiirall Iwrne subjetl of this our Kiugdome of England within this "ir Kingu.me and witliin all . • anie other of our Doniynions to all intents and purposes as if they ha>i t>**De abidydcing and borne wi(hin this our Kingdoms or any other of our Dominions And Wee Doe further for us oui li. ires and successors give full powti and authoritie to the said Sir Fardinando Gorges his heires anil assignes or any person or peisons to bee thereunto nominated by the said Sir Fardinando Gorges his heires or assignes to minister and give Oathes of AUeagiauee and supremacie according to the formes now established in this our Kealmc of England to all and every such 20 person and persons as they shall thiuke titt that shall att any tyme or tymes goe or pasae into the said Province and places or any of them or shalbee resident or abideing there And our further Will and pleasure is and Wee Doe by these Presents for us our heires and successors Covenant promise and grauute to and with the said Sir Fardinando Gorges his heires and assignes that if hee the said Sir F^ardinando Gorges his heires or assignes shall att any tyme or tymes hereafter uppon any doubte which hee or they shall conceare concerning the validitie and strength of this our present graunte bee desireous to renewe the saii"' from us our heires or successors with amendment of such ymperfeccons and defects as shall appeare fitt and necessary to bee reformed and amended by us our heires and successors that then uppon the humble peticon of the said Sir F'ardinando Gorges his heires and af-i'rnes surh further and better assurance of all and singuler the Premisses hereby graunted or 3(» mencoi. jr inf 'ded to bee graunted according to the true meaneing of these our Letters Patents shall jrom tyme to tyn. by us our heires and successors bee made and graunted unto the said Sir Fardinando Gorges hia heire-^ and assignes as by the Attorney Generall of us our heires and successors for the tyme being and the Learned Councell of the said Sir Fardinando Gorges his heires and assignes shall in that behalfe bee reasonably devised or advised And further Wee Doe hereby for us our heires and successors chardge and commaunde all and singuler Admirals Vice-admiralls Generalls Commaunders Captaynes Justices of Peace Maiors Sheriffs Hayliffs Constables Customers Comptrollers Collectors Waiters Searchers and all other the oflBcers and Ministers of us our heires and successors whatsoever aswell nowe as hereafter for the tyme being to bee from tyme to tyme in all things aydeing and assisting unto the said Sir Ferdinando Gorges his heires 40 and assignes and to his and theire officers Factors and agents and to every or any of them uppon request made as they tender our pleasure and will avoyde the contrary att their perills And Wee Doe will and for us our heires and successors Doe declare and ordeyne that the said Province and Premisses shalbee ymediately subject to our Crowne of Englande and dependant upon thy same for ever And further Wee Will and by these Presents for us our heires and successors Doe gra .r' {:, thn said Sir F'erdinando Gorge;) hia heires and assignes that these our Letters Patents or the enrollment of them shallbee in all things and to all intents and purposes firme good effectuall and sufficient iu the r I 61 Iiiwfi ajjniriMt lis our licirPM and smvcsHorM unwell in all Court-t as d.-ii'wliprc within our KinRtlDinc of Knfjiiuul or in any other our Kin(>iloin(.'H ami Domynions as in tiic xaiil I'rovinci' anil I'rcinisst's nfort'saiil or in any of t hum and s^halhce construed rfputcd and taken aswcll acconliuK to the true ineaniu)^ and intent as to the wordes of tliH witne mowt beninnely favorahly and l)t;!ietieiully to and for tlie naid Sir Kardinandu OorjjeH his lirires and aBsij^nes (noe interpretaeon heinj; niade of any worth- or senteiu'e Whereby (iods worde true Christian Ueii^iun now tau),'ht professed and inaynteyned the t'uudainental! IjiiwH of this Uoalme or Alleaf^ianee to un onr lieireM or m.-coessorB may nutVer prejudice or diniiniieuii) any omission misinformaeon Wiint of oertaino expresso of the contents lyniitts anil lionndes or fhe eerteyne seituai'on of the said Province and I'remisses aforesaid liei- . i 'eaiit or inenconed to he 1(1 f^raunted ur in what hei^jht lonj,dtude or di'^r- . s the same are or an 'i ,. in these I'resents or any Lawe Statute or other ca' -e or matter to the contrary ii itwithstandiiij; And aithou^^h expresse nien'oti liee not made of the true .earely value or certe. nfic of tiie I'reinisses or any of tlieui ami notwilii-iand- injj any misnaraeing and not oertpynu or partieiiler naraein}; of the 'iiid Province I'laces Lundes, Terri- tories Hereditaments and Premisses whatsui .er before iiy i i se Presents given graiinted c- LiHrmfil or menconed and intended to be graunted or cunfirmed or any iiarte tliereof or the misiuuminnKr not nameing or not rightly nameing of the degrees and Coosts wherein or wiiert'uppm the same m any of them doe lie or any Acte of Parliament Statute Ordina ace I'roclamacon or re^iiaint lieretofore made ordeyned or provided or any otiier llunge cause or matter to the contrary notwithstanding. Nevertheless our intent and meaneing is that out of the Premisses hereby graunted or menconed to ao bee graunted there shalbee always saved and reserved to all and every such person nml persons as have or h:\ih any Inwefidl graunte or graunts of Landes or Plantacons lawfully setled in the division ami Priiiusser aforesaid the free houlding and enjoyeing of his and theire rij^ht witli tlie Liberties thereunto appcrtevning hec or they relimpiishing and iayeing downe all his or theire Jura Uegalia (if hee or they have any) to the said Sir Fardinando Gorges his heires and assignes whom wee have hereby made Pro- ijrietor of the Province or Division and Premisses aforesaid and payeing some small acknowledgement to the said Sir Fardinando Gorges his heires and assigns for that hee or they are now to houlde theiie said Landes anew of the said Sir Fardinando Gorges his hi ;res and assignes In Wittnes &c Wittnes our selfe att Westminster the third day of April— P. Bre. Privato Sigillo. SiMI CMKNl T< > I II > (iMUlll'i Air>MiiXi (imiit I'l till' IVllVIIII'B i)f MitilH' I Mi .Sl rl'I.BMFNT TO TllK Ontahio Al'PKNUIX. Cliiirter of Cuimi'clii'Mt 62 CHARTER OF CONNECTICUT— 1662.* CHARLES the Second, by the Grace of 001), King of Enj^'land, Scotland, France, and Ireland, Defender of tlie Faith, &c. To all to whom these Presents shall come, Greeting. Whereas by the several Navigations, Discoveries, and Successful Plantations of divers of Oiu- lovinj;; Subjects of this Our Realm of England, several Lands, Islands, Places, Colonies, and Plantations have l)een obtained and settled in that Part of the Continent of America called New-England, and thereby the Trade a, id Commerce there, hath lieen of late Years much increased: And whereas We have l)eeu informed liy ihe humble Petition of our Trusty and Well lieloved John Winthrop, John Mason, Samuel Wyllys, Henry Clarke, Matthew AUyn, John Tapping, Nathan Gold, Richard Treat, Ricliard Lord, Henry Wolcott, John Talcott, Daniel CLirke, John Ogden, Thomas Wells, Ohadiah Hruen, Jolin Clarke, Anthony ;^(i Hawkins, John Dt-ming, and Matthew Camfield, being Persons principally interested in Our Colony or Plantation of Connecticut, in New- England, tJiat the same Colony, or tlie greatest part thereof, was Purchased and obtained for great and valuable Considerations, and some other Part thereof gained by Conquest, and with much ditTiculty, and at the only Endeavors, Expence, and Charges of them and their Associates, and those under whom they Claim, Sid)dued, and Improved, and thereby become a consider- able Enlargc:iient and Addition of Our Dominions and Interest there. Now Know Yk, That in Consideration thereof, and in Regard the said Colony is remote from other the English Plantations in the Places aforesaid, and to the End the Affairs and Husiness which sliall from Time to Time happen or arise concerning the sau)e, may be duly Ordered and Managed, we have tliought (it, and at the hum()le Petition of the Persons aforesaid, and are graciously Pleased to create and make -'•• them a Rody Politick and Corporate, with the Powers and Privileges herein after mentioned; and accordingly Our Will and Pleasure is, and of our especial Grace, certain Knowledge, and meer Motion, We have ordained, constituted and declared, and by these Presents, for Us, Our Heirs and Successors, Do ordain, constitute and declare, that they the said John Winthrop, John Mason, Samuel Wyllys, Henry Clarke, Matthew Allyn, John Tapping, Nathan Gold, Richard Treat, l^ichard Lord, Henry Wolcott, John Talcott, Daniel Clarke, John Ogden, Thomas Wells, Obadiah Bruen, John Clarke, Anthony Hawkins, John Doming, and Matthew Camtield, and all such others as now are, or hereafter sliall tie admitted and made Free of the Company and Society of Our Colony of Connecticut, in America, sliall from Time to Time, and for ever hereafter, be One Rody Corporate and Politick, in Fact and Name, by the Name of, Governor and Company of the English Coh)ny of Connecticut in New-England, in ;',i) America; and that by the same Name they and their Successors shall and may have perpetual Succession, and shall and may be Persons able and capable in the Law, to plead and be imi)leaded, to answer and to be answered unto, to defend and be defended in all and singular Suits, Causes, Quarrels, Matters, Actions, and Things, of what Kind or Nature soever ; and also to have, take, possess, acquire, and purchase Lands, Tenements, or Hereditaments, or any Goods, or Chattels, and the sam(; to lease, grant, demise, alien, bargain, sell, and disjiose of, as other Our liege People of this Our Realm of England, or any other (,'orporation or Rody Politick within the same may lawfully do. And further. That the said Governor and Company, and their Successors, shall and may forever liricafter have a commim Seal, to serve and use for all Causes, Matters, Things, and afl'airs whatsoever, of them and their Successors, and the same Seal, to alter, change, break, and make new from Time to I" Time, at their Wills and Pleasun>s, as they shall think tit. And further, We will and ordain, and by these Presents, for Us, our Heirs and Successors, do declare and appoint, that for the better ordering and managing of the AlTairs and Business of the said Company and their Successors, there shall 1)0 One Governor (hie Deputy-Governor, and Twelve Assistants, to he from time to Time constituted, elected and chosen out of the Freemen of tlie said Company for the time being, in such Manner and Form as hereafter in these Presents is expressed, which said Oflicers shall apply themselves to take Care for the best disposing and ordering of the general Rusiness and affairs of • Tln.1 Colonies of Hurl ford iiiid Now Iliivcn liml coiilinued uppnrHtp until lliry acci'plcd thin oliartor from Kiup Charlfs, April 20 I6|i.'i. An attempt whh niiidc in 1C87 to repeal thiB i-liartcr, but tlic coloi.ifis refuu'd to Burrendcr it, and alter tlie ucei'Bsiuu of William and Mary, in 1089, it was again recognized. ■'■^m^-:-~ 63 I, France, and Ireland, ('■Mini' lijii and concerning tlie T-iuid and ITerpditampnts herein after mentioned to be granted, and the Phintaiion siimm tliereof, and tlie GDVcrnmcnt of the People thereof : ^'J'j^^' And for the better I'A.'cntion of Our Uoyal Pleasure herein, W.' do for Us, Our Heirs, and Sue- ' '_ cessors, assign, name, constitute and appoint the aforesaid John Winthrop to be the first and present cMn,,... (lovernor of the said Company, and the said John ^bi^on, to b.; the D.-puty-Governor, and the said Samuel Wvllvs, Matthew Allvn, Nathan Gold, Henry Clarke, Richard Treat, John Ot;deu,Jolm Tappin-, John Talcott', Thomas W.lls, Henry Wclcott, Richard Lord, and Daniel Clarke, to be the Twelve present assistants of the said Com,.nny, to continue in the said several Offices respectively, until the seco.wl Thursday which shall be in the Month of October now n(>xt cominj,'. II) And further W,. Will, and bv these Presents for Us, Our H.'irs, and Successors, Do ordain and ..■rant. That tli.'tbmrnor of the said Company for the Time beinj,', or in his Absence by occasion .. Sickness, or otherwise bv his Leav.- or Permission, the Deputy-Goyernor for the Time be.n-, shall and ,„ay from Time to Time" upon all Occasions. f,nye Order for the assembliufr of the said Company, and calliuL' them toj,.etlu.r to consult and a.lvise of the P.usiness ami Allairs of the said Company, and hat for eyer hereafter, twice in every Ye.ar, That is to say. On every Second Thursday in October and oa ,.yerv Second Thursday in May, or oftemT in case it sliall be requisite; the Assi.tants and iM-cemen of the said CoTupany; or such of th.-m (not exceeding' Two Persons from each I'lace, lown, or City who shall be fmiu Time to Time thereunto elected or deputed by the major I'art ot the l .ml lmu> of Meetims or General Assemblies, for electing the Governor, Deputy-Goyernor, and Ass.stan s, or other Officers, or any otlnn- Courts, Assemblies or Meetings, and to choose, nominate and appoint such and so many other Persons as they shall think fit, and shall be willing to accept the --'"•;;-; of the said Company an.l I'.o.ly Politick, and them int.> the same to admit ; And to elect -d - - .j„ such Officers as they^hall think tit and requisite for the ordering, managing an.l .lisposing .,t th. Atla.r. of the said (iov.'in.ir and Company, and their Successors : An.l wo ms, or any of them, or any ,>.her the Officers f b IP o n .>d for the sai.l Company shall die, or be rem.ne.l from his or their several Offices or Ph.ces 4U tbrcTl "ll leiunal Day ..f Klection, whom We do hereby declare for any Mis.iemeanor or De lult, t.. '" ™;bi: b th.. (b.v..La, Assistants, an.. Company, .>r such greater Part of ^1- -jy o -aid nnblicConrtst.>beass..mble.l,asis aforesaid, that then and in every such Case it h.dl and may tie h J^ to n.l for the (iovern..r, Depnty-Cioyernor, and Assistants, and Company aforesaid, or -ch g e "t f h n so to be assemble.1, as is aforesaid, in any of their Assemblies, to proceed to a new Klectnn t „ or mor.. ..f their C..mpany, in the Room or Place, or P..oms or Place, of ^^^^--;^^^^ (iovernor, Assistant, or other Officer or Officers so dying or removed, acc.rdmg to *'"'"• D'^C'^t.^ns, and IXeiy np,.n and after such Klection or Flections made of such G..veru..i "^'P" >-(' - X^^'f^A^Ltants, or any other Officer of the said Company, in Manner an.l ^^^Y^^]^^. t: oH y t^iioo an.l ['owerlfbre given t.. the tbrm..r G..v..rnor, Dep-ty-Oovernor, or .. er (^e d ,-„ Officers irem..ved, in whose Stead and Place new shall be clmsen, shall as to him an.l them, and eveiy of them resp.ctiv.ly, ceahc and determine. IIIK All... ' .1 |! rl 64 Siri-LKMKNT 10 THH (INTAHIO AF'l'KSniX. Charter of Connecticut ■' 1GG2. Provided also, And Our Will and Pleasure is, That aa well such as are by these Presents appointed to be tlie present Governor, Deputy-Governor, and Assistants of the said Company, as those that shall succeed them, and all other Officers to be appointed and chosen, as aforesaid, shall before they imdertake the Execution of their said Offices and Places respectively, take their several and respective corporal Oaths for the due and faithfid Performance of their Duties, in their several Offices and Places, before such Person or Persons as are by these Presents hereafter appointed to take and receive the same ; That is to say. The suid John Winthrop, who is herein bc'foie nominated and appointed the present Governor of the said Company, shall take the said Oath before One or more of the Masters of Our Court of Chancery for the Time bein^, unto which Master of Cliancery, We do by these Presents give full Power and Authority to administer the said Oath to the said John Winthrop accordingly: And the said John 10 Mason, who is herein before nominated and appointed the presei-" Deputy-Governor of the said Company, shall take the said Oath before the said John Winthrop, or any Two of the Assistants of the said Company, tmto whom We do by these Presents give full Power and Authority to administer the said Oath to the said John Mason accordingly : And the said Samuel Wyllys, Henry Clarke, Matthew AUyn, John Tapping, Nathan Gohl, Richard Treat, Richard Lord, Henry Wolcott, John Talcott, Daniel Clarke, John Ogden, and Thomas Wells, who are herein before nominated and appointed tlie present Assistants of the said Company, shall take the Oath before the said John Winthrop, and John Mason, or One of them, to whom We do hereby give full Power and Authority to administer the same accordingly. And Our further Will and Pleasure is, that all and every Governor, or Deputy-Governor to be elected and chosen by Virtue of these Presents, shall take the said Oath before two or more of the -•' Assistants of the said Company for the Time being, unto whom We do by these Presents give full Power and Authority to give and administer the said Oath accordingly ; and the said Assistants, and every of them, and all and every other Officer or Officers to be hereafter chosen from Time to Time, to take the said Oath before the Governor, or Deputy-Governor, for the Time being, unto which the Governor, or Deputy- Governor, We do by tliese Presents give full Power and Authority to administer the same accordingly. And further, Of Our more ample Grace, certain Knowledge, and meer Motion, We have given and granted, and by these presents for Us, Our Heirs and Successors, do give and grant unto the said Governor and Company of the English Colony of Connecticut, in New England, in America, and to every Inhabitant there, and to every Person and Persons trading tliither, and to every such Person and Persons as are or shall be Free of the said Colony, fidl Power and Authority from Time ti. Time, and at 30 all Times hereafter, to take Ship, Transport and carry away for and towards the Plantation and Defence of the said Colony, such of Our loving Subjects and Strangers, as shall or will willingly accompany them in, and to their said Colony and Plantation, except such Person and Persons as are or shall be therein restrained by Us, Our Heirs and Successors ; and also to ship and transport all, and all Manner of Goods, Chattels, Merchandises, and other Things whatsoever that are or shall be useful or necessary for the Inhabitants of the said Colony, and may lawfully be transported thither ; Nevertheless, not to be discliarged of Payment to Us, our Heirs and Successors, of the Duties, Customs and Subsidies which are or ought to be paid or payable for the same. And further. Our Will and Pleasure is, and We do for Us, Our Heirs and Successors, ordain, declare and grant unto the said Governor and Company, and their Successors, That all, and every the Subjects 4q of Us, Our Heirs, or Successors, which shall go to inhabit within the said Colony, and every of their Children, whicli shall happen to be born there, or on the Seas in going thither, or returning from thence, shall have and enjoy all Liberties and Immunities of free and natural Subjects within any the Dominions of Us, Oiw Heirs or Successors, to all Intents, Constructions and Purposes whatsoever, as if they and every of them were bom within the realm of England ; And We do authorize and impower the Governor, or in his Absence the Deputy-Governor for the Time being, to appoint two or more of the said Assistants at any of their Courts or Assemblies to be held as aforesaid, to have Power and Authority to administer the Oath of Supremacy and Obedience to all and every Person and Persons which shall at any Time or Times hereafter go or pass into the said Colony of Connecticut, unto which said Assistants so to be appointed as aforesaid, We do by these Presents give full Power and Authority to administer the said Oath accordingly. iii 65 And We do furtlier of especial (iriicc, cortain Knowledgfe, and meor Motion, give, and grant ntt the said Governor and ('ompany of the Knj;lish Coloiiy of Connesticut, in New-England, in America, and their Successor?, That it shall and may be lawful to and for the Governor, or Deputy-Governor, and such of the Assistants of the said (Jompany for the Time being as shidl be assembled in any of the General I'ourts aforesaid, or in any Courts to be especially summoned or assembled for that Purpose, or the greater part of them, whereof the Governor, or Deputy-Governor, and Six of the Assistants to Ije always Seven, to erect and make such Juridieatories, for the hearing, and determining of all Actions, Causes, Matters and Things happening within the said Colony, or Plantation, and which shall be in Dispute, and Depending there, as they shall think Fit, and Convenient, and also from Time to Time to Make, Ordain, 10 and EsUblish all manner of wholesome, and reasonable Laws, Statutes, Ordinances, Directions, and Instructions, not Contrary to the Laws of this Realm of England, as well for settling the Forms, and Ceremonies of Government, and Magistracy, lit and necessary for the said Plantation, and the inhabitants there, as for naming, and Stiling all Sorts of Officers, both Superior and Inferior, which they shall find Needful for the (government, and Plantation of the said C.dony, and the distinguishing and setting forth of the several Duties, Powers, and Limits of every such Office and Place, and the Forms of such Oaths not being contrary to the Laws and Statutes of this Our Pealm of England, to be administered for the Execution of the said several OfHces and Places as also for the disposing and ordering of the Election of such of the said ( )fficers as arc to be annually chosen, a.id of such others as shall succeed in case of Death or Hemoval, and administering the said Oath to the newly-elected Officers, and granting necessary Com- 20 missions, and for Imposition of lawful Fines, Mulcts, Imprisonment or other Punishment upon Offendrvs and Delinquents according to the Course of other Corporati(ms within this our Kingdom of England, and the same Laws, Fines, Mulcts and Executions, to alter, change, revoke, annul, release, or pardon under their Common Seal, as by the said General Assembly, or the major Part of them shall be thought fit, and for the directing, ruling and disposing of all other Matters and things, whereby Our said People Inhabitants there, may be so religiou^Iy, peaceably and civilly governed, as their good Life and orderly Conversation may witi and invite the Natives of the Country to the Knowledge and Obedience of the only true GOD, and the Saviour of Mankind, and the Christian Faith, which in Our Royal Intentions, and the adventurers free Possession, is the only and principal End of this Plantation ; willing, command- ing and recpiiring, and by these Presents for Us, Our Heirs and Successors, ordaining and appointing, 3(1 that all such Law. Statutes and Ordinances, Instructions, Impositions and Directions as shall !« so made by the Governor, Deputy-Governor, and Assistants as aforesaid, and published in Writing under their Common Seal, shall carefully and duly be observed, kept, performed, and put in Execution, according to the true Intent and Meaning of the same, and these Our Letters Patents, or the Duplicate, or Exempli- fication thereof, shall be to all and every such Officers, Superiors and Inferiors from Time to Time, for the putting of the same Orders, Laws, Statutes, Ordinances, Instructions, and Directions in due Execu- tion, against Us, Our Heirs, and Successors, a sufficient Warrant and Discharge. And We do further for Us, Our Heirs and Successors, give and grant unto the said Governor and Company, and their Successors by these Presents, That it shall and may be lawful to, and for the Chief Commander* (Governors and Officers of the said Company for the Time being, who shall be resident in 40 the Parts of New-England hereafter mentioned, and others inhabiting there, by their Leave, Admittance, Appointment, or Direction, from Time to Time, and at all Times hereafter, for their special Defence and Safety to Assembl,>, Martial-Array, and put in warlike Posture the Inhabitants of the sai.l Colony, and to Commissionate, Impower,and Authorize such Person or Person as they shall think fit, to lead and con- duct the said Inhabitants, and to encounter, expulse repel,, and resist by Force of Arms, as well by Sea as by Land, and also to kill, slav, and destroy by all fitting Ways, Enterprises, and Means whatsover, all and every such Person or Persons as shall at any Time hereafter attempt or enterprize the Destruction, Invasion, Detriment, or Annoyance of the said Inhabitants or Plantation, and to use and exercise the Law Martial in such Cases only as Occasion shall require; and to take or surprize by all Ways and Means whatsoever, all and every such Person and Persons, with their Ships, Armour, Amraumtiou and other Goods of such as shall in such hostile Manner invade or attempt the defeating of the said Planta- 50 tion, or the hurt of the said Company and Inhabitants, and upon just Causes to invade and destroy the Natives, or other Enemies of the said Colony. SrprLKMKt 1(1 IHK ONI-ARI" 'barter of Oil! .-.■tcut Mlf.'.'. i J i ll I SilMM.KMKNT TO THK Om'AKIO AlM'KNDIX. Clmrtiir of Con lecticul — itiS2. 66 Nevertlieles?, Our Will and Pleasnro is, and We do hcrpliy decliire unto all Christian Kings, Princes, and States, tliat if any Persons whicli shall hereafter be of the said Company or Plantation, or any other by Appointment of the said Governor and Company for the Time being, shall at any Time or Times hereafter rob or spoil by Sea or by Land, and do any Hurt, Violence, or unlawful Hostility to any of the Subjects of Us, our Heirs or Successors, or any of the Sulijects of any Prince or State, being then in league with Us, Our Heirs or SuccesBors, upon Complaint of such Injury done to any such Prince or State, or their Subjects, We, Our Heirs and Successors will make open Proclamation within any Parts of Our Kealm of England fit for that Purpose, that the Person or Persons committing any such Kobbery or Spoil, shall within the Time limited by such Proclamation, make full Restitution or Satisfoction of all such Injuries done or committed, so as the said Prince, or others so complaining may be fully satisfied U and contented ; and 'if the said Person or Persons who shall commit any sucli Robbery or Spoil shall not make such Satisfaction accordingly, within such Time so to be limited, that then it shall and may be lawful for Us, Our Heirs and Successors, to put such Person or Persons out of Our Allegiance and Protection ; and that it shall and may be lawful and free for all Princes or others to prosecute with Hostility such Offenders, and every of them, their, and every of their Procurers, Aiders, Abettors and Counsellors in that behalf. Provided also, and Our express Will and Pleasure is, and M'e do by these Presents for Us, Our Heirs and Successors, Ordain and Appoint, that tliese Presents shall not in any Manner hinder any of Our loving Subjects whatsoever to use and exercise the Trade of Fishing upon the Coast of New-England in America, but tlicy and every or any of them shall have fidl and free Power and Liberty, to continue, 20 and use the said Trade of Fishing upon the said Coast, in any of the Seas thereunto adjoining, or any Arms of the Seas, or Salt Water Rivers where they have been accustomed to Hsh, and to build and set up on the waste Land belonging to the said Colony of Connecticut, such Wharves, Stages, and Work-Houses as shall be necessary for the salting, drying, and keeping of their Fish to be taken, or gotten upon that Coast, any Thing in these Presents contained to the contrary notwithstanding. And Know Ye further, That We, of Our abundant Grace, certain Knowledge, and mere Motion have given, granted, and couHrmed and by tliese Presents for Us, our Heirs and Successors, do give, gat and confirm unto the said Governor and Company, and their Successors, all that Part of Our Dominions in New-England in America, bounded on the East by Narraganset-River, commonly called Narraganset-Bay, where the said River falleth into the Sea ; and o i the North by the Line of the Massachusetts-Planta- 3 tion ; and on the South by the Sea ; and in Longitude as the Line of the Massachusetts-Colony, running from East to West, That is to say, From the said Narraganset-Hay on the East, to the South Sea on the West Part, with the Islands thereunto adjoining, together with all firm Lands, Soils, Grounds, Havens I'orts, Rivers, Waters, Fishings, Mines, Minerals, precious Stones, Quarries, and all and singular other Commodities, Jurisdictions, Royalties, Privileges, Franchises, Prehemineuces, and Hereditaments what- soever, within the said Tract, Bounds, Lands, and Islands aforesaid, or to them or any of them belonging. To have and to hold the same unto the said Governor and Company, their Successors and Assigns for ever, upon Trust, and for the Use and Benefit of Themselves and their Associates, Freemen of the said Colony, their Heirs and Assigns, to be liolden of Us, Our Heirs and Successors, as of Our Manor of 4 East-Greenwich, in free and common Soccage, and not in capite, nor by Knights Service, yielding and paying therefore to Us, Our Heirs and Successors, only the Fifth part of all the Ore of Gold and Silver which from Time to Time, and at all times hereafter, shall be there gotton, had, or obtained, in Lieu of all Services, Duties, and Demands whatsoever, to be to Us, our Heirs, or Successors therefore, or thereout rendered, made, or paid. And lastly. We do for Us, our Heirs and Successors, grant to the said Governor and Company, and their Successors, by these Presents, That these Our Inciters Patents, shall be firm, good and effectua in tue Law, to all Intents, Constructions, and purposes whatsoever, according to Our true Intent and m istian Kingis, Princes, ntation, or any other any Time or Times jstility to any of the State, lii'ing then in any such Prince or a within any Parts of any such Kobbery or )r Satisfaction of all may be fully satisfied U nbbery or Spoil shall hen it shall and may ' Our Allegiance and 3rs to prosecute with Aiders, Abettors and 67 Me:ining heroin before declare,!, as shiill be construed, reputed and adjudged most favourable on the Pebalf,and for the best lieiu-tit, and Behoof of the said (iovcruor and Company, and their Successors, although express Mention of the true Yearly Value or Certiuuty of the Premises, or of any of them, or of any other Gifts or frrants by Us " by any of ( tur Progenitors, or Predecessors, theretofore made to tlie said Governor and ("ompany ot the Englisli Colony of Connecticut, in New-England, in America, aforesaid, in tliese presents is not made, or any Statute, Act, Ordinance, Provision, Proclamation, or Kestriction heretofore, liad, made, enacted, ordained, or provided, or any other Matter, Cause, oi Thing whatsoever to the contrary thereof, in any wise notwithstanding. In Witness whereof, We have caused these Our Letters to be made Patents. Witness Ourselves at 10 Westminster, the Three and Twentieth Day of April, in the Fourteenth Year of our Reign. ny Writ of Privy Seal, ^^^^^.^^^^^_ Surl'IVJMHST 1(1 IIIK (INTAIIIO All'KNDIX. (.'li;irti>r of C'iimi''ctii-Ht - lliO'.;. 'resents for Us, Our inner liinder any of oast of New-England liberty, to continue? ito adjoining, or any 1 to build and set up ■s, and Work-Houses or gotten upon that 20 !, and mere Motion cessors, do give, gat of Our Dominions in ed Narraganset-Bay, lassachusetts-Planta- 3 etts-Colony, running he South Sea on the Is, Grounds, Havens, 1 and singular other lereditaments what- m or any of them ccessors and Assigns ites, Freemen of the as of Our Manor of 4 ervice, yielding and of Gold and Silver ibtained, in Lieu of berefore, or thereout • and Company, and 3od and etfectua in 'ur true Intent and 68 SUPrt.EMFNI T'< TIIH On TA i< lo AlM'KM>lX. Charter i'( rurciliiiii - 1663. rFIARTER OF CAROLINA— 16C3. CriARl.ES the Second, hy tlic fjiace of (iod, kitifj; of England, Scotland, France, and Ireland, Defender of the Faith, &c., To all to whom these present shall come : (Jreetiiig : 1st. Whereas our right trusty, anil right well beloved cousins and counsellors, Edward Earl of Clarendon, our high chancellor of England, and George Duke of Albemarle, master of our horse and captain general of all our forces, our right trusty and well beloved William Lord Craven, John Fidrd Berkley, our right trusty and well beloved counsellor, Anthony Lord Ashley, chancellor of our exchequer. Sir George (Carteret, knight and baronet, vice chamberlain of our household, and our trusty and well l)eloved Sir William Berkley, knight, and Sir John Colleton, knight and baronet, being excited with a laudable ard piius zeal for the propagation of the Christian faith, and the enlargement cf our empire lo and dominii ns, hiive luunbly besought leave of us, by their indus-try and charge, to transport and make an ample colony of our subjects, natives of our kingdom of England, and elsewhere within our dominion.^, unto a certain cotmtry hereafter described, in the parts of America not yet cultivated or planted, and only inhabited by some barbarous people, who have no knowledge of Almighty God. 2d. And wheieas the said Edward Earl of Clarendon, George Duke of Albemarle, William Lord Craven, ,Iohn Lord Berkley, Anthony Lord Ashley, Sir George Carteret, Sir William Berkley, and Sir John Colleton, have humbly besought us to give, grant and coniirm unto them and their heirs, the said country, with priviledges and jurisdictions re(iuisite for the good government and safety thereof: Know ye, therefore, that we, favouring the pious and noble purpose of the said Edward Earl of Clarendon, George Duke of Albemarle, William Lord Craven, John Lord Berkley, Anthony Lord Ashley, Sir George 20 Carteret, Sir William Be. k'-^y, and Sir John Colleton, of our special grace, certain knowledge, and meer motion, have given, gr. ' d and contirmed, and by this our present charter, for us our heirs and successors, do give, grant and confirm unto the said Edward Earl of Clarendon, George Duke of Albemarle, William Lord Craven, John Lord Berkley, Anthony Lord Ashley, Sir George Carteret, Sir William Berkley, and Sir John Colleton, their heirs and assigns, all that territory or tract of ground, scituate, lying and being within our dominions of America, extending from the north end of the island called Lueke island, which lieth in the southern Virginia seas, and within six and thirty degrees of the northern latitude, and to the west as far as the south seas, and so southerly as far as the river St. Matthias, which bordereth upon the coast of Florida, and within one and thirty degrees of northern latitude, and so west in a direct line as far as the south seas aforesaid ; together with all and ^50 singular ports, harbours, bays, rivers, isles and islets belonging to the country aforesaid ; and also all the soil, lands, fields, woods, mountains, fields, lakes, rivers, bays and islets, scituate or being within the bounds or limits aforesaid, with the fishing of all sorts of fish, whales, sturgeons, and all other royal fishe- in the sea, bays, ilets and rivers within the premises, and the fish therein taken; and moreover all veins, mines, (juarries, as well discovered as not discovered, of gold, silver, gems, precious stones, and all other whatsoever, be it of stones, metals, or any other thing whatsoever, found or to be found within the countries, ilets, and limits aforesaid. .3d. And furthermore, the patronage and advowsons of all the churches and chappels, which as Christian religion shall increase within the country, isles, islets and limits aforesaid, shall happen here- after to be erected, together with license and power to build and found churches, chappels and oratories, 4it in convenie. t and fit places, within the said bounds and limits, and to cause them to be dedicated and consecrated according to the ecclesiastical laws of our kingdom of England, together with all and singular the like, and as ample rights, jurisdictions, priviledges, prerogatives, royalties, liberties, immunities and franchises of what kind soever, within the countries, isles, islets and limits aforesaid. 4tl). To have, use, exercise and enjoy, and in as ample manner as any bishop of Durham in our kingdom of England, ever heretofore have held, used or enjoyed, or of right ought or couhi have, use, or enjoy. And them, the said Edward Earl of Clarendon, (leorge Duke of Albemarle, William Lord Craven, John Lord Berkley, Anthony Lord Ashley, Sir George Carteret, Sir William Berkley, and Sir John Colleton, their heirs and assigns, we do by these presents, for us, our heirs, and successors, make, create and constitute the true and absolute Lords Proprietors of the country aforesaid, and cf all other 69 France, and Irt'!anMlSr Tf) \ny (JImrler rl ClirnllDll— 72 TO TUK AlTIISDIX I -IwrtiT Ot Citrolinii — lHh3. OeorKc Diikc of AllK-marlc, Willinm Lord (Vaven, Joliti Lord Berkl.'v, Anthony I-ord A>ldfy, Sir (Jeorxf CiirtiTcl, Sir William lierkl. y, and Sir John Collfton, tlu-ir heirHiiiid asHif^nw, anil not elsuwlifre, any use, fustiini or any other tlnn^,' to the contrary, in any wine notwithstanding. nth. And wo do fiirtherinori' will, appoint and ordain, and by tluw presentH for w, our heirn and successors, do grant unto the said Kdward Kaii of Clarendon, (leorge Duke of Alhemarle, William Lord Craven, John Lord Herkley, Anthony Lord Ashley, Sir George Carteret, Sir William l?erkley and Sir John Colleton, their heirs and assigns, tliat they the said Kdward Earl of Clarendon, George Duke of Alheniarle, William Lord Cnven, John Lord Herkley, Anthony F>ord Ashley, Sir G.orge Carteret, Sir William Berkley and Sir Jolni Colleton, their heirs and assigns, may from time to time forever, have and enjoy, the customs ami subsidies in the ports, harbors, creeks and other places within the province ](, aforesaid, payable for goods, merchandise and wares, there laded or to be laded, or unlndefi, th(^ said customs to be reasonably assessed, upon any oecasion, by themselves, and by and with the consent of the free people there, or the greater part of them as aforesaid : to whom we give power by these presents, for us, our heirs and successors, upon just cause and in a due proportion, to assess and impose the same. 12th. And further, of our special grace, certain knowledge, and meer motion, we have given, granted and confirmed, and by these presents, for us, our heirs and successors, do give, grant and con- firm imto the suid Edward Karl of Clarendon, George Duke of Albemarle, William Lord Craven, John Lord Berkley, Anthony Lord Ashley, Sir George Carteret, Sir William Berkley, and Sir John Colleton, their heirs and assigns, full and absolute license, power and authority, that tlie said I^ldward Karl of Clarendon, George Duke of Albemarle, William Lord Craven, John Lord Berkley, Anthony Lord ^;„ Ashley, Sir George Carteret, Sir William Berkley, Sii John Colleton, their heirs and assigns, from time to time, hereafter, forever at his and their will and pleasure, may assign, alien, grant, demise, or enfeof tht premises, or any part or parcels thereof, to him or tliem that shall be willing to purchase the siime, and to such person or persons as they shall think fit, to have and to hold, to them the said person or persons, their heirs or assigns, in fee simple or fee tayle, or for term for life, or lives, or years, to be held of tliem, the said Kdward Earl of Clarendon, George Duke of Albemarle, William l^ord Craven, John Lord Berkley, Anthony Lord Ashley, Sir George Carteret, Sir William Berkley and Pir John Colleton, their heirs and assigns, by such rents, services and customs, as shall seem met t to the said Kdward Karl of Clarendon, George Duke of Albemarle, William Lord Craven, John Lord Berkley, Anthony Lord Ashley, Sir George Carteret, Sir William Berkley, and Sir John Colleton, their heirs and assigns, and not immediately of us, our heirs and successors, and to the same person and persons, and to all and every of them, we do give and grant by these presents, for us, our heirs and successors, license, authority and power, that such person or persons, may have or take the premises, or any parcel thereof, of the said Kdward Karl of Clarendon, George Duke of Albemarle, William Lovd Craven, John Lord Berkley, Antliony Lord Ashley, Sir George Carteret, Sir William Berkley, aud Sir .iohn Colleton, their heirs and assigns, and the same to hold, to themselves, their heirs or asiiigns, in what estate of inheritance whatsoever, in fee simple, or fee tayle, or otherwise, as to them and the said Edward Karl of Clarendon, George Duke of Albemarle, William Lord Craven, John Lord Berkley, Anthony Lord Ashley, Sir George Carteret, Sir William Berkley, and Sir John Colleton their heirs and assigns, shall seem expedient; the statute made in the parliament of Edward, son of King Henry, heretofore king of Kngland, our predecessor, commonly called the statute* of quia emptorea terrarum ; or any other statute, act, ordinance, use, law, custom or any other matter, cause or thing, heretofore published, or provided to the contrary, in any wise notwithstanding. 13th. And because many persons born, or inhabiting in the said province, for their deserts and services, may expect and be capable of marks of honor and favor, which, in respect of the great distance, cannot be conveniently conferred by us ; our will and pleasure therefore is, and we do by these presents give and grant unto the said Edward Earl of Clarendon, George Duke of Albemarle, William Lord Craven, John Lord Berkley, Anthony Lord Ashley, Sir George Carteret, Sir William Berkley, and Sir ;5(i 40 • 18 Ed. 1 West. 3 c. 1 p. 46. ony liOnl A^liiey, Sir (;iis, ami not elnuwliere, tH for Uf*, our livirH nnd licrniirli', Williiiin Lord illiam l^crklcy and Sir iidon, (icorgc Duke of ir Giorge Carteret, Sir to time forevt-r, liivve 368 within the province lo , or unladed, the said vith the consent of the ■r by these presents, for nd impose tlie satne. otion, we have {^iven, do fjive, {j;rant and con- am Lord Craven, John and Sir Joliii Colleton, > said Edward Karl of erkley, Anthony Ijord •>() and assigns, from time rant, demise, or enfeof illing to piirchase the liold, to them the said life, or lives, or years, emarle, William Lord lliam Berkley and Fir ihall seem mei t to the en, John Lord Berkley, n Colleton, their heirs ,,(, ne person and persons, ir heirs and successors, ^remises, or any parcel iam Lovd Craven, John lud Sir John Colleton, igns, in what estate of and the said Edward Berkley, Anthony Lord heirs and assigns, shall ienry, heretofore king rrat'wm ; or any other eretofore published, or for their deserts and it of the great distance, e do by these presents )emarle, William Lord Ham Berkley, and Sir 40 73 John Colleton, their heirs and assigns, full power nnd authority, to give mid eont, of the inhaliitants of the said jiroviniM', as they shall think door shiill merit ih. favour and titles of honour as they shall think tit, so as these liths of him.Mi I ■ enjoyed by, or conferred upoi. any the subjects of this oar kingdoiu of Kngian aud upon, such "";','^;;;'"^ Mieli marks of ■i, give and iim Lord Ci it li.im 14tli. And further also, wo do by these preM'iits, for us, our heirs and su, license to tliern, the said Kdward Karl of Clarendon, (ieorge Duke of Albemarle. John Lord B.'rkley, Anthony Lord Ashley, Sir (leorg.i Carteret, Sir William BerkU^, and Sir J Colleton, their heirs and assigns, full powir, liberty and license to erect, raise and build within the sai - province and j.laces aforesaid, or any part or parts thereof, such and so many torts, fortrcss.^s, castles. 10 cities, burougbs, towns, villages and other tort ilicat ions whatsoever, and the same or any of theintc fortify nnd furnish with ordinance, powder, shot, armory, and all other weapons, ammuuiti.m. habile- ments of war, both oiVeiisive and defensive, as shall be thought lit and convenient for tht^ safety and welfare of the said province and places, or any part th.^reof, and the same, or any of them from time to time, as occasion shall require, to dismantle, disfurnish, demolish and pull down, and also to place, constitute and appoint in and over all or any <.f the castles, forts, fortifications, citicjs, towns and places aforesaid, govrnors, deputy governors, magistrates, sheritls and other oflicers, civil and military, as to them shall seem meet, and to the said cities, burougbs, towns, villages, or any other place or places within the said province, to grant " letters or charters of incorporation," with all liberties, franchises and priviledges, re(iuisite and useful!, or to or within any corpnratious, witliiu this our l;frant 1)V Mii'^i' pri'scnt.-<, full power 'ind authority, to fxcrci»o martial hiw against nnitiuons* and ntMlitiouH perHouH of lho*(' partH, smli as ^hall refuM' to nuiunit thi'inselvcH to tlieir jfovernrnent, or wiiall rcfuHO to nerve in the wars, or sliall tly to tho enemy, or forsake tiieir coKiurs orensif,'ns, orbe h)yterers orstraji;i( rs, or otherwise liowsoever ollViuIin!;- a^'ainst hiw, custom or discipline military, as freely and in as ample manner and form us any captain general of an army liy vertiie of his ofliee, might or halli accustomed to U90 the same. 17th. And our further pleasure is, and hy these presents for us, our heirs and suecesHor?, we do 1" j^raiit nnte the said Kdward Karl of Clarendm, (leor^'e Duke of Alliemarle, William Lord Craven, .lohn Lord Uerkley, Anthony Lord Ashley, Sir Anthony Lord Ashley, Sir George Carteret, Sir William lierkley, and Sir John Colleton, their heirs and assii'ns, full and free license, liberty and authority, by such legal ways and means as they shall think tit, to give and grant mito such person or persons, inhabiting and being within the said ]»rovince, or any part thereof, who really in their judgments, .and for conscience sake, cannot or shall not conform to the said liturgy and ceremonies, and take and subscribe the oaths and articles aforesaid, or any of them, such indulgencies and dispensations in that behalf, for and during such time and times, and with such limi- tations and restrictions as they, the said Edward Earl of Clarendon, George Duke of Albemarle, William Lord Craven, John Lord I'erkley, Anthony Lord Ashley, Sir George Carteret, Sir William ]5erkley, and Sir John Colleton, their heirs or assigi s, shall in their discretion tliink fit and reasonable ; and with this express proviso, and limitation also, that such person and persons, to whom such in- 40 dulgencies and disjiensations shall be granted as aforesaid, do and shall from time to time declare and continue, all lidelity, loyalty and obedience to us, our heirs anil successors, and be subject and obedient to all other the laws, ordinances, and constitutions of the said province, in all matters what- soever, as well ecclesiastical as civil, and do not in any wise disturb tlie pe;<';e and safety tlusreof, or scandalise or reproach the said liturgy, forms and ceremonies, or anything relating thereunto, or any person or persons whatsoever, for or in respect of his or their use or exercise thereof, or his or their obedience and conformity, thereunto. 19tb. And in case it shall happen, that any doubts or (juestions should arise, concerning the true sense and understanding of any word, clause or sentence contained in this onr present charter, we will. inji; IV voyn^fo tliithcr, :vr>>, til li« tuitliiirised iieL"t'SM(»r»', wo do k'v*' IIllltill011H!lll(l HinlitiouM iMit, iir f-liiiU refuse to )e loytrrers orntnijjIirH, H;ly iukI in n« tiin[)le L ur liulli accii»t(jmt'(i ■< iinil sueocaHori?, we do "' iini I lid, in any oiher of our ealm of Knj,'land, and I 76 nnlain nn.l conummd, that at i.ii tinien, and in all tliinjjH, «uch mterpretution he made thereof, and aii.wed in all inrt every of our courts whatsoever, a. lawlnlly n.ay he adjud^'.-d most advantageous ami faviiurahle to the said Kdward Earl of fhuvndon, (leorK.- Duke -f AUHmnle, WUl.am I.ord ( ravin,. lohn Lord Herkley, Anthony Lord Asldey, Sir (leorue Carter.., Sir William Berkley, and Sir John Colleton, their heira and asHigns, althottRl' express mention be m-t made in these presents, ot the true yearly \aliie .„d certainty of the premises, or .uy part thereof, or of any other gifts an.l grant, made by us, our ancestors, or' predecessors, to them th- -ai.l K:i. i of the said province, •cording to tlje liturgy, and articles, made and ;e8 of these places, will, ; our will and pleasure lid grant unto the said 1, John liord Herkley, lin n Colleton, their heirs I'ans as they shall think le said ])rovince, or any liall not conform to the id, or any of them, such les, and with such limi- I of Albemarle, William Sir William 15erkley, t and reasonable ; and IS, to whom such in- 40 time to time declare s, and be subject and ce, in all matters what- e and safety tluireof, or iiiig thereunto, or any thereof, or his or their ise, concerning the true iresent charter, we will. .-^3g.«K. 76 rilAIJTKK OK inrODK ISLAND AND PUOVIDENCK ri-AXTATIONS— 1663/ I I Sl'l'I'LKMKM r.l TIIK Ontahio \l'l'KNI)l\. ,.|,,,r,,,„f CHAHLKS TIIK SKCONT'), l)y (lie !j;race of lio(], Kiujj; of Kiif,'laiid, Scotland, France, and Ireland, Ulioiielsinnl i),,f,.n,ler of tlie Faitli, vtc, to all to wlionie tliese iirescnls sliall come, |,'rceting : Whereaw wee luive been !l','i,r,. pi'IIit.. intbnneil, i)V the luiml.le petition of our tnistie and well beloved subject, John Clarke, on tlio behalf of """'""■'■' lienjamine Arnold, William Brenton, William (Vdington, Nicholas Kiist.m, William Houlston, .lohn Porter, John Sniilli, Samuell Gorton, John Weeks, Roger Williams, Thomas Olnie, (iregoire Dexter, John ("ogeshall, Joseph Clarke, Kandall llolden, John Greene, John Koome, Samuell Wildbore, William l-'tieM, James I'.arker, Kichand Tew, Thomas Harris, and W^illiam Dyre, and the rest of the purchasers Mud nVee inhabilants of our island, caHed Khode-Island, and the rest of the colonic of Providence Pkintations, in the Narragansett Pay, in New-Kngland, in America, that they, pursueing, with peaceabh- Id and loyall uiindes, their sober, serious, and religious intentions, of godlie edifieing themselves, and one anoliier, in the holio Christian flailh anil worshipp as they were perswaded ; together with the gaineing over and eonversione of the poore ignorant Indian natives, in those partes of America, to the sincen professione and obedience of the s.ime tl'aith and worship, did, not re, after their lirst settlement amongst other our subjects in those parts, flor the avoideing of discorde, and those manie evills which were likely to ensue upon some of I hose om-e subjects not b.'inge able to beare, in these remote parties, theire dilTerent apprehensiones in religious eoneernementes, and in pnrsueance of the afforesayd ends, did once againe leave their desire- al)le stationes and habitat iones, ami with excessive labour and travel!, hazard and charge, did transplant •.>() themselves into the middest of th" Indian natives, who, as wee are intVormed, are the most potent princes and i)eoph' of all that country; where, by the good Providence of God, from whome the Plantationes have taken tlirir name, upon iheire labour and iut bee maintained, and that among our English subjects, with a full libertie in religious concenuwentes; and that true pi. lye rightly grounded upon gosi)ell principles, will give the best and greatest security to sovereignet\e, and wilUay in the hearts of men the strongest obligations to true h.yaltye: Now know yee, that wee beinge willinge to encourage the hopefuU midertakeinge of oure sayd loyall and h.veinge sui>jects, and to secure them in the free exercise and enjoyment of all theire civill and religious rrghts, appertaining to them, as our loveing subjects; and tr. preserve mito them that liberlye, in the true Christian iTaitli and worshipp of (iod, which they have sought with soe much travaill, and with peaceable myndes, and loyall subjectione to our royall progenitors and ourselves, to enjoye ; and iM'cause some of "th.; people and iidiabitants of the Baiue coloni(^ cannot, in Iheire private opinions, eonforme to the piddhpie exercise of religion, according to the lit turgy, formes and ceremonyes of tlu ' The oomm.muvnlll. of l•:„^'lan,l lm,l rbmnnl ill. riulU, in IGol, lo apiKHMl a ir-,v,Tnor f"r lilu"!.- Island ai.l I'rovhlrno. flanta- tinrn, will, a iTuvincial .•■nincil, lu U- vU:'\r 1 l,y llir froelioUlcrs aliU BCCeiHed by liiiusMl. AUm' lUo rc»WniUuu uii agwit \ma bent to Kngliinil, whii ubliiiiicil lliis cliiirtir from Cliaik'4 II, SO rATIONS— 16G;J.* liscrihc till! oiithsimii articles made and estalilislicil in tliat liclialfc: aiul Clmrcli of Enpriinul, i>r tako or su for tiiat tiic Kamc, hy reason of the remote distances of those places, will (as wee hoiie) hee i the unitie and nnitloiinitie estalilished in this nati IV(^ tliercforr thou hreacli of rjit tfit, and do iiereby Si'i"'i I MK\r ( INI-Allll' AlTKMllS. )id)lish, iTMunt, ordeyne and declare, Tlial our rojall w'li and pleasiin- is, that noe ] lersoii within the ClmrtiT nl lth(i and (jnietlie, and imt iiseiii .' this lihertie to IvcenI ioiisnesse and [ 1 Droianeiiesse, nor to the civill injurye or outward di.tiuheanee of Others; any lawe. stiitiite, or elau-e, therein contayned. or to hee contayned, usane or euslome of this realme, to liie contrary hereof, in any wis,', not withslatuhn.u'. And that Ihev miiv Ihv in I h,' h,tl,r cnpacity t,) dcfiMul th,'msel\.s. in theiiv ju>t rij;iits an,l lihertyes anjainst Mil tli,-' ..n.Mui.'s ,4' the ("hristian tVailli, an.l otlan-s. in all ivsixrts, w,',' hav,' furth.T thotiKht ilt? an,l at th,' humMe ,.,'tili,.n ..f tlu' p,Tsmis af,.n>say,l an' -iati,>usly ph'as,-,l to d.'claiv. Thai they shall hav,' :nul ,nj,.v-' the h,'n,-lill -.four late act of in,lempiii(y ami iTree p;ird,.ii, as th,' re>t ,)t ,.nr subjects in other our d,.minions au,l t.-rritoryes li;ive ; an,l to ,'reate :in.l mak,- th.'m ;i bo-ly,' p,diti,in,' ->, corporate, with the jiowers and pri\ i','i;vs iiereinafter mentiwle,l^',', and ami ih'clared, and iiy tli.'se pri'SiMits, tor us, our lu'ires ih'clare, 'I'liat they, the saul William l!ient,>n, NVilliam Todington, Nicholas Kastmi, H.'m'diet Ariiohl, William l?,mlsl,.n, .lolm I'orter, Samu.'ll (i,at,>n, .),.hu Smith, .b.hn WVek.'s, I{,i-er Williams, Thomas Oh.eye, (ire-ori.. Dexter, ,b.hu (■o-,.>hall, .h.M pi, Chrk,' K'andall liohh'n, John (invn.', John H,.,mi,', William Dyre, Samu.'ll WiMIkmv, Kichanl lew. William I'"fi,'hl, Thomas Harris, Ja.m's Hark,',-, i^.insborrow, Williams, and J,.hn Nu ks,.u, an.l all .ueh others as now are, or hereaft.'r shall he,> a.l.nitt,',! and ma.le tTre,- of tlu- company an,l mm let „^ ,4- our eolloni," ..f i'rovidenc,' I'lantations, in the Narragansett T.ay, in New-!M.-lai„l, shall I,,',', fromtvme to tyme, and fon-ver hereaft.'r, a hodie cu-porate and p,.liti,p.e, in ITact and name, by the ,, name ;,f The (ioveiamr an,l (Nunpauv of the Knj^dish Cohn.y of Hlmde-lslaml and Trovi.h-n,',' |-lantat,ons ' in N..w-Kn};land, in America ; an,l that, by th.' saTm- nam.', th,.y an,l Ih.'ir su.'c.^sors shall and may levve perpetnall succssion, an,l shall ami may b.M> p.'rsons abh' an,l capabl-', in th,> law.N to sii,' an.l !„',• sued to pleade and be implead..!, toanswar.. an.l b.- ausw.'are.l nut.., t,. ,l.-fend an,l t..be.lef.'n,l,.,l. m al ■imi singular suites, caus.,H,(iuarn.ls, matters, acti.ais ami Ihin-.'s, ,.f what kin.l or nalniv so,.v,'r ; an.l alsoe to have, take, possesse, ac.|uire an.l purchas,', laiuls, t.'n.'m.'nts or hen.litam.'nts, ..r any -....ds ..r diatt.'ls, and the same to l.-as,., graunt, .l.-nis.', alien.', baroain.', s.H an.l .lisp.is.' .,f, at their own., will and pleasur.., as .,ther .mr li,.«e pc.ple ,.f this our realme of Knglan,U>, or ani.' c,.rporati,.n ,.r bo.li,- politi.pie within the sam,', may lawefully doe. \ml further, that they the say.l (l..vernor and Company, an.l theire suc.-ess.irs, shall an.l may, ,0 for..v,*.r hereafter, have a cmm.m scale, to serve an.l use f.n- all matt.'rs, causes, thmges an,l altair.'S, whatsoev.-r, of tlu-m and their successors; and the same scale to alter, cluing.., hn-ak.', an.l mak,' new, from tyme to tym.', at their will and pl.'asur.', as they shall thinke (Titt. And further, w.'.. will an.l onh-yne, an.l by thes.- pres.mts, f..r us, oi.re heircs an.l successonrs, .loe dedar. and ap.,v it that, for the better .>rdering an.l managing ..f th.- a.la.r.'s and i.smess ot the say. (Rii.tr. .1.1 y , (hivernonr, on.> )epiitu'-Govern.iur an.l ten Comnanv, an. theire successonrs, there shall l>ee ont uoverno.u, _\^ ,, „ ., .., , I umpaii>, ,-. ,f,„i <,ip,.fp,l mid clmsen, out .if th.' Ir.'cmen ot the sayd Assistants to h.'.' from tyme to tyme, constitute.!, ele.U. I an.l I n.iMu, j r'manyL the tvmeiinge, in such manner and mirme as is he-vatjer m th.'se pres.'uts expr.'sse ; llTI; oiricers'lliall api;e tlu.mselv..s to take care for the best .l.spose.nge an.l ..r.U.inge ot the ^em'nai bu^Ze and alfilires of, and concrnein.e the hui.les an.l hcr...!.tam.'nts hereinafter mentioned to be grannte.1, and the plantution thereof, an.l the government ot the people tliere. u „tii &l'l'l'LKME.\T Ti) rut; OsrAuic) ArrKNDix. riiariur of Khodflsliiii.l iind I'rovi- .lonool'lanta- li„D,s— 16fi:i. 78 And, for the better execution of oure royall pleasure herein, wee doe, for U8, oure heires and successours, assign, name, conntitute and apoynt the aforeaayd Benedict Arnold to bee the first and present Governor of the sayd Company, and the sayd William Urenton to bee the Deputy-Governor, and tlu! itayd William Boulston, John Porter, Roger Willi;ims, Thomas Olnie, John Smith, John Greene, John Cogesliall, James Barker, William Ftield, and Joseph (Uarke, to bee the tenn present Assistants of the sayd Companye, to continue in the sayd severall offices, respectively, untill the first Wednesday which shall bee in the month of Jlay now next comeing. And further, wee will, and by these presents, for us, otir heires and successours, doe ordeyne and graunt that the Governour of the sayd Company, for the tyme being, or, in his absence, by occasion of sickuesse, or otherwise, by his leave and permission, the Deputy-Governor, ffor the tyme being, shall and 10 may, ftrom tyme to tyme, upon all occasions, give order ffor the assemblinge of the sayd Company and calliuge them together, to consult and advise of the businesse and affaires of the sayd Company. And that forever hereafter, twice in every year, that is to say, on every first Wednesday in the month of May, and on every last Wednesday in October, or oftener, in case it shall bee re(iuisite, the Assistants, and such of the ffreemen of the Company, not excetJinge six persons ffor Newport, ffoure pi.-rsons flibr each of the respective townes of Providence, Portsmouth and Warwicke, and two persons for each other place, towne or city, whoe shall .)ee, IVora tyme to tyme, thereunto elected or deputed by the majour parte of the ffreemen of the respective townes or places ffor which they shall bee so elected or deputed, shall have a generall meetiiige, or Assembly then and there to consult, advise and determines in and about the affaires and businesse of the said Company and Plantations. \i{) And further, wee doe, of our especiall grace, certayne knowledge, and meere motion, give and graunt unto the sayd Governour and Company of the English Colonie of Khode-Island and Providence Plantations, in New-England, in America, and theire successours, that the Governour, or, in his absence, or, by his permission, the Deputy- Governour of the sayd Company, for the tyme beinge, the Assistants, and such of the ffreemen of the saj d Company as shall bee soe as aforesayd elected or deputed, or soe many of them as shall bee present att such meetinge or assemblye, as afforesayde, shall bee called the Generall Assemblye; and that they, or the greatest parte of them present, whereof the Governour or Deputy-Governour, and sixe of the Assistants, at least to be seven, shall have, and have hereby given and graunted unto them, ffuU power authority, ffrom tyme tyme, and at all tymes hereafter, to apoynt, alter and change, such dayes, tymes antl places of meetinge and Generall Assemblye, as theye shall thinke ffitt ; ;jo an'l to choose, nominate, and apoynt, such and so manye other persons as they shall think ffitt, and shall be willing to accept the same, to bee ffree of the sayd Company and body politique, and them into the same to admitt ; and to elect and constitute such offices and officers and to graunt such needfuU com- missions, as they shall think ffitt and reijuisite, flbr the ordering, managing an i dispatehingof the affaires of the sayd Governour and Company, and their successours ; and from tyme to tyme, to make, ordeyne, constitute or repeal, such lawes, statutes, orders and ordinances, fformes and ceremonies of government and magistracye as to them shall seeme meete for the good and wellfare of the sayd (^lmpany, and ffor the government and ordering of the landes and hereditaments, hereinafter mentioned to be graunted, and of the people that doe, or at any tyme hereafter shall, iidiabitt or bee within the same; soe as such lawes, ordinances and constitutions, soe made, bee not contrary and repugnant unto, butt, as near as 40 may bee, agreeable to the lawes of this our realme of England, considering the nature and constitutione of the place and people there ; and alsoe to apoynt, order and direct, erect and settle, such places and courts of jurisdiction, for the heareinge and determiningo of all actions, cases, matters and things, hap- pening within the sayd eolUmie and jilanfatione, and whi'h shall l)e in dispute, and depending there, as they shall thinke ffitt ; and alsoe to distinguish and sett forth the severall names and titles, duties, powers and limitts, of each court, office and officer, superior and inferior; and alsoe to contrive and apoynt such formes of oaths and attestations, not repugnant, but, as neare as may bee, agreeable, as atoresaycil, to the lawes and statutes of this oure realme, as are convenienlt> and requisite, with respect to the due administrat'on of justice, and due execution and discharge of all offices and places of trust by the 79 persons thai, shall bee therein conceraed ; and uUoe to Tegahte and order the waye and manner ol all ^^■;';;', ;:;,''■""' elections to offiecs ;ind [ilae.s of trust, and to prescribe, liinitt and distin^aush the numbers and boundes ^'ntai'''' of all places, to wnes or eityes, within the limit ts and bounds herein after mentioned, and not herem •i_b^'|>- particularlie'name.l, who have, and shall have, the p,>wer of electing and sendin- of trreemen to the Ch^;--;',^^^ , sayd Generall Assembly ; and alsoe to order direct and authorize the imposing of lawtull and reasonable ,„„, pj,,^,. ffyues, mulcts, imprisonments, and executing other punishmeuts pecuniary and corporal, upon offenders ;'.^;;=;l'i^;.;;|;;- and deliniiuents, according to the course of oth, corporations within this oure kingdom of England; and agayne to alter, revoke, annuU or paril-n, iin.ier their common scale or olherwyse, such ffyues, mulct", imprisonments, sentences, judgments and condemnations, as shall bee thought ffitt ; and to direct, 1(1 rule, order and dispose of, all other matters and things, and particularly that which relates to the mak'itigeof purchases of the native Indians, as to them shall sc.Mue meete ; whereby oure sayd people and inhabitants, in the sayd Plantationes, may b.> so(^ religiously, peaceably and civilly governed as, that, by theire good life and orderlie eonversatione, they may win and invite tlie native Indians of the coun'trie to the knowledge and obedience of the onlie true (iori, and Saviour of raankinde; willing, com- manding and recpiireing, and by these presents, for us, oure h.dres and successours, ordeyneing and apoynting, that all such lawes, statutes, orders and ordinances, instructions, impositions and directiones, as shall be s,.e made bv the Croveriiour, deputye-(TOvernour Assistants and tTreemen, or such number of them as afoyresayd, and published in writinge, under theire common scale, shall be carefully and duely observed, kept, performed an.l putt in execution, according to the true intent and meaning of the same. -H) And these our letters patent, or the duplicate or cxeniplitlication thereof, shall bee to all and everie such otlicor, superiour or inferioin-, tfrom tyme to tyme, for the putting of t he same orders, lawes, statutes, ordinances, instructions, and directions, in due execution, against us, oure heires, and successours, a sufficient warrant and discharge. And iTurther, our will and pleasure is, and wee doe hereby, for us, our luires and successours, establish and ordevnc, that yearelie, once in the yeare, forever hereafter, namely, the aforesay.l \\ ednes- div in May, and at the towne of Newport, or elsewhere, if iwgent occasion iloe ivciuire, the fb.vernour, lijputv-Governour and Assistants . f the sayd Company, and other officers of the sayd Company, or .^uch of thJm as the Cenevall Assembly shall tldnke ffitt, shall bee, in the say.l Generall Court or A-«embly to bee held from that dnve or tyme, newely chosen for the year ensueing, by such greater part •ill of 'the say.l Conrpauv, for the tvme beinge, as shall l.ee then and there present; and if itt shall happen that the present Governour. Depul v-Governo.n- and Assistants, by th.sr presents apoynted, or any such •IS shall hereafter be newlv chosen into their roc.nies, or any of them, or any other the officers ot the sayd t'ompanv -ball .lie or bee ren.ovd ffrom his or their severall offices or places, before the sayd generall davofeieeti..n,twhomweodoe hereby declare, for any misdemeanour or default, to be ren.oveabl.; by the Governour, Assistants an.l Company, or such gr(>ater part.' .,f them, in any of the sayd p..bluiue courts, to bee assendded as aforesay.l), that then, and in every such cas.., it shall an.l n.ay bee awtidl to •uKl ffi.r the say.l Govern..ur, I)eputy-Govern,>ur, Assistants and Company aforesay.l.-, ..r such greater parte of them, s.>e t.. b..e assembled as is af.>rcsay.lc, in any th.ire a>s..nd,lys, to pr.xve.l.- t.. a new !.l,.ction of .n.e ..r more of their Company, in the roome or place, r.u.mes or places, <.t such ..fficer or u, officers, so .Iveinge ,.r rem..vcd, acc.mling to th..ire discretiones ; and inun.Mliately up.-n an.l after such el,.cti,.n.. or k.ctions ma.le of such Governour, Deputy-Governour ..r Assistants, or any other .dhcr of the s.v.l Company, in mann.-r an.l forme aforesay.l.., the authoritie, office and power, b.'torc given to the ffbrn.Jr Governour, I.)cp.ity-G..v..rn..ur, and other office and officers, s.,e n.m,.v.,h in wh.-se steade an. place new shall be chosen, shall, as to him and them, and every of them, respectively, cease and determine : Provided allwayes, an.l ..ur will and pleasure is, that as well such as are by these presents apoynt..,! to bee the present Govcrn,..n-, Deputy-Governom- and Assistants, of the sayd Company, as ^bose that Klnllsucccle them an.l all ..th.'r officers to l)ee apoynted and chosen as aforesayde, shall, before the under- takeingc the execution of the sayd offices and places respectively, give theire solemn engagement, by HA HI ^i fc til m Sll'I'l KMKNT 1(1 rnK UnIABI'I An 1 NDix. C'hartfi' )t' deiicf I'ljiiiiii- lions — IGlili. 1st ' 80 oath, orotlierwyse, for the due and faytlifiiU performeance of theire duties in their severall offices and places, before such person or persons us are by these piOhents here;. Iter apoynted to take and receive the same, that is to say : the sayd Benedict Arnohl, whoc is hereinbefore nominated and apoynted the present Governour of the sayd Company, shall fj;ive the aforesayd engagement before William Hrenton, or any'^wo of the sayd Assistants of tlie sayd Company ; unto wliome, wee doe by these presentes give fl'uU power and authority to recpiire and receive tlie same; and the sayd William Brenton, whoe is hereby before nominated and apoynted the present l)eputy-(iovernour of the sayd Comjtany, shall give the aforesayed engagement before the sayd Benedict Arnold, or any two of the Assistants of the sajd Company; unto whom wee doe by these presents give tfull power and authority to recpiire and receive tlie same; and the sayd William Botdston, John Porter, Koger Williams, Thomas Olneyc, John Smith, I'l Jolm Greene, John Cogeshall, Jau-es Barker, William l^Yeild, and Joseph Clarke, whoe are hereinbefore nominated apoynted tlie present Assistants of the sayd Company, shall give the sayd engagement to theire offices and places respectively belongeing, liefore the sayd Benedict Arnold and William lireiiton, or one of them; to whome, respectively wee doe hereby give tfull power and authority to reijuire, administer, or receive the same. And fTurther, \vise, for vs, (Uire lieircs and successoTirs, give and graunt vnto the sayd Governour ind Company and theire successours by these presents, that, for the more peaceal)le and orderly govern- ment of 'be savd Plantations, it shall and may bee lawfuU tfor tho Governour, Deputy-Governour, A.'.-istants and all other officers and ministers of the sayd ('oinpany, in the administration of justice, and exercise of Governnurit, in the sayd Plantations, to vse, exercise, and putt in execution, such methods, rules unieis and directions, not being contrary or repugnant to the laws and statutes of this oure Hn realme as have b\n heretofore given, vsed and accustomed, in such cases respectively, to be putt in practice, imtil att the next or some other Generall Assembly, special provision shall be made and ordeyned in the cases aforesaid. And wee doe ffurther, for vs, oure heiies and successours, give and graunt vnto the sayd Governour and (A)mpany, and theire successours, by these pr<>sents, that itt shall and may liee lawfull to and for the ^avd Governour, c iu his absence, the Deputy-Governour, and majour parte of the sayd Assistants, for the tyme being, att any tyme when the sayd (ienerall Assembly is not sitting, to nominate, apoynt and constitute, such and soe many commanders, governours, and military officers, as to them shall seeme requisite, for the leading, conductinge and trayneing vpp tlie inhabitants of the sayd Plantations in martiall affiiires, and for the defence and safeguard of the sayd Plantations; and that itt shall and may lo bee lawfnll to anil tor all and every such commander, governour, and military officer, that shall bee soe as afiresayd, or by the Governour, ov, in his absence, the Deputy-Governour, and sis of the sayd Assistants, and majour parte of the fiVeemeu of the sayd Company present att any Generall Assemblies, nouiinated, atioynted and constituted accordinge to the tenor of his and theire respective comnaissions and directions, to assemble, exercise in arms, martiall array, and putt in warlyke posture, the inhabitants of the savd coUonic, ffiir theire speciall defence and safety ; and to lead and conduct the sayd inhabitants and to ( iicouiiter, expulse, expell and resist, by force of armes, as well by sea as l)y lande ; and alsoe to kill slav, and destroy, by ail fitting wayes, enterprizes and meanes, whatsoever, all and every such nerson or persons as shall, att any time hereafter, attempt or enterprize the destruction, invasion. 81 detriment or annoyance of tl.e savd inhabitants or Plantations; an.l to vse and ex.Tc.se tl.o lawe mart.all in such cases only as occasion shall necessarily rcinirr ; and to take or snrprise, hy all ways and incanes whatsoever, all an.l everv such person and p.Tsons. with theire shipp ..r shipps, armor, anunnn.t.on or other Koods of su.'h persons, as shall, in ho.-tilc manner, inva.le .u- attempt the def..atin- ot the say. Plantations, or the hurt of the sayd Company and inhabitants ; and vpon just cauM's, to mva.le ami destroy tli.> native Imlians, or other enemyes of the say.l CuUony. Nev..rthel.-ss,., our Nvill an.l pleasure is, an.l wee .loe hereby declare to the r.'st of o.ire CoUonies iu Xew-FuLdand, that itt shall n,.t b..e lawefuU 'for this onr sayd C^llony of Hh.Kle-lMand and IToy.dence Plantations, in Am..ri..a, in N,.w-Kn,dan,l to inva.le the natives inhabiting within the boundes and 10 limitts of theire say.l Colonies with..ut th- knowl...lt,'e an.l consent of the sayd other Collonies. An.l itt is luMvbv ,l..elare.l, that itt shall not bee lawfull t., ..r rtor the rest of the CoUonies t.. inva.le or molest the native "imUans, or any .-ther inhabitants, inhabiting within the bounds and lym.tts here- after mentioned (they havinj,^ subjeete.l tlK.n,s..lv..s vnto vs, an.l being ''y v« ''vken mto .nn .pecMa 1 protection), with..ut the knowledg,. and cons..nt ..f the (iovern.,ur an.l (^.mpany of our Coll.,ny ..t Hho.le- Island and Provid.nice Plantations. Als.,e our will au.l pU^asure is, an.l w.e .lo hereby .l.-clare nnto all Chri>. an Kings, Prin.-es and States, that if anv p.'rson, ^^hich shall hereafter be.- ..f th.' say.l Company or Plantations, -u- any other, bv ap..yntment ,:r the sai.l Govern..ur an.l Cotnpany for th,. tyn.e beinge, shall at any tyme .,r tymes hereafter, r..b or spovle, by sea or lan.l. or .lo any hurt, unlawfnll hostillity to any of the subjects o vs, .„ oure heires or sncce^sours, ..r any of the suljects .,f any Prince ..r State, bein^ then in W,,.e w. h ^^ oure heires, or snccessours, vp..n complaint of such injury .h.ne t.. any such Prmce or State, or thnr. subjects, we.., ..ur heires and snccessours, will mnVv op,., proclamation within a.,y parts ot oure realm., ot Englan.l, flit iTor that purpo.^e, that the person ..r j.ersons committing any such robb..ry or spoyle shall, witMn t^e tyme Ivmitted by such procUuna.i.n,, make full restitution or satisfact,.,n ..t all ^^f^-i^^^ done or committed, soe as the say.l Princ,-, or others soe complaineinge, may b.-e bdly saUstycl an. contented; and if the savd person or persons whoe shall committ any such robb,.ry or spoyle shall no make saty faction, accnUngly, within such tyn.e, soe to bee lymitted, that tl.n wee, oure he.res an, ^^^.cessons, wUl putt such p.Tson or persons out „f oure allegiance and protection ; ami that then ,tt sha and n.ay b.-.! law^fuU an.l rtree tr.>r all Priucs .n- others t.. prosecute, with hostd.ty, such offenders 3.) and every ol then, theire an.l every ot theire procurers, ayders, abettors, an.l counsellors, m that behalfe. Provided alsoe, and oure expresse will and pleasure is, and we doe, by these presents, ffor vs, our heirs and snccessours, or.h.v.te an.l ap,.ynt, that these presents shall not, in any manner, Inn.ler any ot om and ^''''''^:\-\ : tfnnn v.eing and exercising the trade of ffishing vpon the coast ..t New- F:Stt; '::: U ":rZ -.1 .very or a^ .. them, shall have dull ami ffVee power ami Uberty t.; contintie an.l vse the tra.le of fliishing vpon the sayd oast, in any ot the seas thereunto hbeity t.. contintK ^^^^^^ ,^^^^ ,^^^^ accustomed :?r"^:;:;:;:"t -t:::;::hf^^^^^^ -lon^nge to the sa,l Conony and Plan..ion. suctwlia-ts, stages, an.l workehouses as shall be necessary for the salting, .Irymg and keeping ot thexre " '"'''t^^:^:'::: r:;:^:r ;. the inhabitants of our sayd O,llony of Pr..vidence Plan- tations to vim the business ..f takeing whal.., itt shall be lawful ffor them or any o then, having struck whal.., ^"''\'^; ;,;;;; ^J^^^^^ ^el. n-nng tlien.t.., an.l itt or them, vpon the sayd coaste. :: i:;;::^i 1 ■;,:D,r;:::i: ;.:'hre, beh^gltg thereto, to km an,l order tor the best advan. :; with;:u!molestati.:n,th.,ymak..ingnoe wilful waste ..r spoyle any thinge m these presents con- teyned, ..r any ..ther matter or thing, to the the contrary notwithstan.hng. And further also., wee are gratiously pleased, and doe hereby declare, that if any of the inhabitants of out sa[d Collonv d..e set upon the plantinge of vineyards (the soyle and clymate both seeming naturally X (il'l'l KMKNl Til THK Ontabiii All'hVlllI. L'liiirliT "f 1<1h).Io l»liui.l anil Pnivi- .liic.riimta- ,iiins — ltiii:i. li in 82 Sui'i'i.KMKMT to ooncurr to the production of wynes), or bee industrious in the discovery of ffish-ng hunkf, in or nliotit ONTAKii) the sayd CoUony, wee will, tfrom tyme to tyme, give and allow all due and fitting encouragement therein Al'I'KNDIX. Charter of J{hur channel of a river : river, and soe along I the north countrye north, until it meets rly, by the aforesayd towards the east, or jorth-eastern parts of ocean un the south, Providence, and from K) i name of Seacunck lymouth Colony, and ^foresaid line of tlie , the lands belonging ck, and the rest vpon nd all the rest of the ct aforesaid (Ftii>her's vers, waters, ffishings, grounds, rocks, slates, ? ) and all and singular other commodities, jurisdictions, royalties, privileges, franchisea, prehcminenres and hereditaments, whatsoever, witiiin the sayd tract, bounds, landes, and islands, aforesayd, or to them or any of them belonging, or in anywise appertaining: ti have and to hold the same, vnto the sayd Governour and Company, and their snci-eismn-s, fovever, vpon trust, for tlie vsp and bi-ntitt churti-r .it of themselves and their associates, ITreemen of the sayd Collony, their heires aTid a«signes, _^jj|"[ ^','.""' Sl v\'l fMHNI 111 I in OVI AHI" All'KNiMX, ni to be hnlden of vs, our heires and successoms, as of the .Manor of East-tiroenwieh, in our coimty of Kent, in free and eomon soceage, and not in capite, nor by knight service; yeilding and paying therefor, to vs, our heires and suecessours, only the ffifth part of all the oare of gold and silver which, from tyme to tyme, and att all tymes hereafter, shall bee there gotten, had or obtained, in lien 10 and satisfaction of all services, duties, ffynes, forfeitm-es, made or to be made, claimes and demands what soever, to bee to vs, our heires or suecessours, therefor or thorcout rendered, niadt> or paid ; any graunt, or clause in a late graunt, to the Governour ind Com])any of Connecticutt (jolony, in America, to the contrary thereof in any wise notwithstanding ; the aforesaid Paweatuck river having byn yielded, after much debate, for the fixed and certain boundes lietweene these our sayd Colonies, by the agents tliereof : whoe have also agreed, that the said Paweatuck river shall bee alsoe called alias Norrogansett or Narro- gansett river ; and, to prevent future disputes, that otherwise might arise thereliy, forever hereafter shall bee construed, deemed and taken to bee the Xarragansett river in our late grant to Connecticutt Colony mentioned as the easterly bnunds of that Colony. And further, our will and pleasure is, that in all matters of publitpie controversy which may fall out 20 betweene our Colony of Providence I'lantations, and the rest of our Colonies in New-England, itt shall and may bee lawfull to and for the (iovenmur and Company of the sayd Colony of Providence Planta- tions to make their appeales therein to vs, oiu- heirs and suecessours, for redresse in such cases, within this our realme of England : and that itt shall bee lawfull to and for the inhabitants of the sayd Colony of Providence Plantations, without let or molestation, to passe and repasse with freedome, into and thorough the rest of the English Collonies, vfion their lawfull and civill occasions, and to converse, and hold commerce and trade, with such of the inhabitants df our other English Collonies as shall bee willing to admit them th(;reuiito, they behaveing themselves peaceably among them ; any act, clause or sentence, in any of the sayd t .Ionics provided, or that shall bee provided, to the contrary in anywise notwith- standing. 30 And lastly, wee doe, for vs, om- heires and suecessours, ordeyne and graunt vnto the sayd Governor and Company, and their sticcessours, and by tb.ese presents, that these our letters patent shall be tirme. good, effeetuall and available in all things in the lawe, to all intents, constructions and purposes what- soever, according to our true intent and meaning hereinbefore declared ; and shall bee construed, reputed and adjudged in all cases most favorably on the behalfe, and for the benetitt and behoofe, of the sayd Governor and Company, and their suecessoiu-s ; although express mention of the true yearly value or certainty of the premises, or any of them, or of any other gifts or graunts by vs, or by any of our pro- genitors or predecessors, heretofore made to the sayd Governor and Company of the English Colony ot Rhode-Island and Providi'uce Plantati.jns, in the Xarragansett Hay, New England, in America, in these presents is not made, or any statute, act, ordinance, provision, proclamation or restriction, heretofore had. 40 made, enacted, ordeyneil or provided, or any other matter, cause or thing whatsoever, to the contrary thereof in anywise notwithstanding. In witnes whereof, wee have caused these our letters to bee made patent. Witnes our Selfe att We8t:ninster, the eighth day of July, in the flfifteenth yeare of our reigne. By the King: HOWARD. ii(ins- I'liiiilii- If] 84 "•ITI'l.KSlKNT Omahiu Al'lh.MIU. GRANT OF TUi: PROVINCE OF Mh:NK— KWi). OiMtit of fhe I'rnrim'H of Miiiri.— 1864. CHARLES the Second by the Grace of God Kinff of EnKdand Se,.thin.l Ffrance and Ireland Defen.l.r ot the !< faith &c. to all to whom tlie.se jiresents sliall come (ireetinj,' Know yee that wee for divers frond causes and consideracons us thereunto movin-' have of our esp..,Mall Grace certaiue knowledj^,. and meere moti,.n given granted and by these presents for ,.s our Iteires and suceesHors do give and grant unto our dearest brother James Duke of Vorke his heires and assigns all that part of the maine land of New England begining at a cerfaine place called or knowne by the name of St. Croix next adjoyning te New Scotland in America and from thence extending along the sea coast untoa certain place called Petuaquine or Pemaquid and so up the river thereof to the furthest head of ye same as it tendeth northwards and extending from thence to the River Kinebo.iui 10 and so upwards by the shortest course to the River Canada northward and also all that Island or Islands commonly called by the sevcrall nan-eor names of Matowacks or Lond Island scituats lying and being towanls the west of (^npeCodd and ye narrow Higausetts abutting upon the maine land between the two Rivers there called or knowne by the several names of Conecticutt and Hudsons River together also with the said river called Kudsons River and all the land from the west side of Conecticutt to ye east side of Delaware Bay and also all those severall Islands called or knowne by the names of Martin's Vinyard and Nantukes otherwise Nantuckett together with all ye lands islands soyles rivers harbours mines minerals quarryes woods marshes waters lakes ffishings hawking hunting and ftbwling and all other royalltyes proffitts commodityes and hereditaments to the said severall islands lands and premisses beh.nging and appertaining with theire and every of theire appurtenances and all our estate right title interest benefitt ''u advantage claime and demand of in or to the >aid lands and premises or any part or parcell thereof and " the revercon and revercons remainder and remainders together with the yearly and other ye rents revenues and proffitts of all and singular the said premisses and of every part and parcell thereof to have and to hold all and singular the said lands islands hereditaments and premisses with their and every of their appurtenances hereby given and granted or hereinbefore menconed to ;e given and granted unto our Jparest brother James Duke of Yorke his heires and assignes forever to the only proper use and behoofe of the said James Duke of Yorke his heires and assignes forever tr. be holirn ofu. our heires and successors as of our manner of East Greenwich in our county of Kent in tTree and common soccage and not in eapite nor by Knight service yielding and rendring and the said James Duke of 1'orke doth for himselfe his heires and assignes covenant and promise to yield and render unto us our heires and successors of 30 and for the same yearly and every yeare forty Beaver skins when they shall lie demanded or within ninety days after and wee do further of our speciall grace certaiue knowledge and meere mocon for us our heires and successors give and grant unto our said dearest brother James Duke of Yorke his heires deputyes agents commissioners and assignes by these presents full and absolute power and authority to correct punish pardon governe and rule all such the subjects of us our heires and successors from time to time adventure themselves into any of the parts or places aforesaid or that shall or doe at any time hereafter inhabite within the same according to such lawes orders ordinances direccons and instruments as by our said dearest brother or his assignes shall be established and in defect thereof in cases of necessity according to the good direccons of his deputyes commissioners officers and assignes respectively as well in all causes and matters capital! and criminall as civil! both marine and others 40 soe alwayes as the said statutes ordinances and proceedings be not contrary to but as neare as conveniently may be agreeable to the lawes statutes and government of this our realme of England and saving and reserving to us our heires and successors ye receiving hearing and determining of the appeal or apjieales of all or any person or persons, of in or belonging to ye territoryes or islands aforesaid in or touching iiny judgment or sentence to be there made or given. And further that it shall and may be lawful! to and for our said dearest brother his heires and assignes by these presents from time to time to nominate make constitute ordaine and confirme bv such name or names stile or stiles as to him or them shall seeme good and liJjewise to revoke discharge change 85 Be and Ireland Defender and alter as well nil and sin<,'u1ar Governors offi' r» and Ministers whicii hereafter shall be by him or them thought fitt and nei iHtiU to be made or used within the aforesaid parts and islands and also to make ordaine and establish all manner of orders lawes directions instruccons formes and ceremonyes of jrovernment and majjistracy titt and necessary for and concernini,' the government of the territoryes and islands aforesaid so ahvayes as the same be not euiitrary to the lawt^s and statutes of this our Kealme of England but as ueare as may be agreeable thereunto and tlie same at all times hereafter to put in execucon or abrogate revoke or change only within the precincts of the said territoryes or islands hut also upon the sens in going and coming to and from the same as he or tiiey in their good discrecons shall thinke to bo fitted for the good of the itdventurers and iidiabitants there. 10 And wee do fu ther of our speciall grace certaiue knowleilge and meere mocon grant ordaine and declare that such governors officers and ministers as from to time shall be authorized and appointed in manner and forme aforesaid shall and may have fill power and authority to use and exercise martiall law in cases of rebellion insurre^con and mutin.e in as large and ampl.' manner as our Lieutenants in (Hir countyes within our Realme of iMigland iiave or ought to have liy force of tlieir commission of Lieutenancy or any law or statute of this our Realme. And wee do further by tiiese presents for us our lieires and successors grant unto our said dearest brother .!ames Duke of Yorke his heires and assignes that it shall and may be lawfuU to and for the said .Fames Duke of Yorke his heires and assignea in his or theire discrecons from time to time to admit sueli and so many person and persons to trade and traflfitiue unto and within tlie 20 terrytoryes and i.dands aforesaid and into every and any part and pareell thereof and to have possei-se and enjoy any lands or hereditaments in ye parts and places aforesaid as they shall thinke fitt according to the lawes orders constitucons and ordinances by our said brother his heires deputyes commissioners and assignes from time to time to be made and established by vertue of and according to the true intent and meaning of these presents and under such condicons reservacons and agreements as our said brother his heires or assignes shall set downe order direct and appoint and not otherwise as aforesaid. And wee do further of our especiall grace certaine knowledge and meere mocon for us our heires and successors giver and grant to our said deare brother Ids heires and assignes by these presents that it sliall and may be lawfuU to and for him them or any of them at all and every time and times hereafter out of any of our realmes or dominions whatsoever to take leade earry and transport in and into tlnir ;50 voyages and for and towards tlie plantacons of our said territoryes and islands all such and so many of our loving subjects or any other strangers being not prohibited or under restraint that will become our loving subjects and live under our alegiance as shall willingly accompany them in the said voyages together with all such cloathing implements furniture and other things usually transported and not prohibited as shall be necessary for the inhabitants of the said islands and territoryes and for theire use and defence thereof and manageing and carrying on the trade witli the people there and in passing and returning to and fro yielding and paying to us our heires and successors the customes and dutyes tiien- fore due and payable according to the lawes and customes of this our Realme. And we do also 'or us our heires and successors grant to our said dearest brother James Duke of Yorke his heires and assignes and to all and every such governor or governors or other officers or ministers 40 as by our said brother his heires or assignes shall be appointed to have power and authority of govern- ment and command in or over the inhabitants of the said territoryes or islands that they and every of tliem shall find lawfully may from time to time and at all times hereafter forever for theire several defence and safety '■ncounter expulse repell and resist by force of arms as well by sea as by land and all wayes and meau .tsoever all such person and persons as without the speciall licence of our said deare brother his h. i or assignes shall attempt to inhabit within the severall precincts and limitts of our said territoryes and islands and also all and every such person and persons whatsoever as shall enterprize or attempt at any time hereafter the destruccon or invasion detriment or annoyance to ye parts places or islands a:oresaid or any parte thereof. And lastly our will and pleasure is and wee do hereby declare and grant that these our letters patents SlM'Pl KMRMr I'o I'lIK ')\T4I(lc) Afl'KMllX. I i runt of till) l*P(iviiu'o oi Ma nil' — IDUt. A 86 ^ib<, ^':.:r- -the enrollment thereof nhull 1. «„od and effectuall in the law to .11 intents and purposes whatsoever LllLIlMtr 111 (If :itiVr tlll'tnilt< iij* itfl>/-v» B^H »4 ....1.1 . m I'riiviiii'o ( Mninc — I(i64. thcrtot o, o» any tormer oc other presents patents o. grants heretofore n.ade or gnrnted of the premisses (.ntn. otth. orot any part thereof hy us or any of our uro.'enitors unto .mv »Hw,r ^ , 'r^-misses l'r"viiire of , , ' . •' ^ proj,t,nuors uutoany other person or persona whatsoever -odyes pohti,ue or corporate or any aet law or other restraint ineertainty or imperfection whatsoever to the con rary in any w.se notwithstanding ulthouKhe expresse mencon of the true yearly v.lue or certainty ot the premises or any of them or of any other guifts or grants by us or by any of ,.ur progenitors or predecessors heretofore made to the said James Duke of Vorke in these presents is not inadeoranystafiteact ordinance provision proclamacon or restriction heretofore bad made enacted oxlained or provided or any other matter cause or thing whatsoever to the contrary thereof in anv 1„ wise notwithstanding. •' - ' In witnesse whereof wee have caused these our letters t,. he made pattents.- Witness ourselfe at ^^ estminster the twelveth day of March in the sixteenth yeare of o.ir raigne By the King ; ■' e. • HOWARD M 87 8.— Witness ourselfe at ORANT OK THK I'KOVINfK OF MAINK— 1G74. CHARLES the Second by the Gracf of Ood Kin^; of Enfi;laiul Scotliiml Kiancc iiiid Ireland Defender of the Kfaitli &c. To all to whom these prenLiitH wlmll come Greetiii},' : Know yee that wee , for diveri) good causes and consideracons have of our especiall j^race certaine knowledge and nieer motion (jiven and j^ranted and hy these presents for us our heirs and successors do give and graunt unto our dearest brother James Duke of Vorke his heires and assigns All that part of the main land of New England, begiiming at a certaine place callel or known by the name of St. Croix nexo adjoining li> New Scotland in America and from thence extending along the seacoast unto a certaine place called Petuaquin(! or Pema(|uid ami so up the river thereof to the furthest head of the same as it wiudetb 10 northward and extending from the rive: of Kinebeque and so upwards by the shortest course to the river Canada nortluvards: And all that Island or Islands commonly called by the sevcrall name or names of Matowaeks or Long Islands scituate and being towards the west of Cape Cod and the narrow Higansetts abutting upon the main land between tlie two rivers there called or known bj the severall names of Connecticutt and Hudson's River together also with the said river called Hudson's Uiver and all the lands from the west side of Connecticntt River to the east side of Delaware Hay : And also all those severall Islands called or known by the names of Martin Vin Yard and Nautukes otherwise Nantuckett : Together with all the lands Islands soiles rivers harbors Mines Minerals Quarries woods marshes waters lakes {fishings Hawking hunting and (fowling and all other royalties profBts Commodities ai.d hereditaments to the said severall Islands lands and premissas Lands belonging and appertaining with jjO their and every of their appurtenants : And all our Estate right title and interest benetit and advan- tage claime and demand of in or to the said lands or premises or any part or parcell thereof and the reveroon and revercons remainder and remainders together with the yearly and other rents revenues and proffits of the premises and of every part aad parcell thereof To have and to hold all and singular the said lands and premises with their and every of their appurtents hereby given and grauuted or herein before mentioned to be given and graunted unto our said dearest brother James Duke of Voike his heirs and assigns forever : To bee holden of us our heirs and successors as of our Manor of East Greenwich, in our county of Kent in free and common soccage and not in capite nor by Knight service yielding and rendering : And the said James Duke of Yorke for himself his heirs and asaignes doth covenant and promise to ;}() yield and render :into Us our heirs and successors of and for the same yearly and every year ITorty Beaver Skins when they shall bee demanded or within ninety days after such demand made and wee do further of our speciall grace certaine knowledge and meer motion for Us Our heirs and successors give and graunt unto our said Dearest brother James Duke of Yorke his heirs Deputy es Agents Commissioners r id assignes by these presents full and absolute power and authority to correct punish pardon govern and rule all such the subjects of us our heirs and successors or any other person or persons as shall from time to time adventure themselves into any of the parts or places aforesaid or that shall or do at any time hereafter inhabit within the same according to such Lawes orders ordinances directions and in tructions as by our said dearest brother or his assignes shall bee established and in defect thereof in .. ises of necessity according to the good direccons of his Deputyes Commissioners 40 Officers or Agents rt ^-pectively as well in all cases and matters capitall and criminall as Civil Marine and Others so alwayes iis the said Statutes ordinances and proceedings Ijee not contrary to but as neare as may bee agreeable to the Lawes Statutes and Government of this our realm of England and saving and reserving to Us our heirs and successors the receiving hearing and determining of the appeal and appeals of all or any person or persons of in or belonging to the Territoryes or Islands aforesaid or touching any Judgment or sentence to bee there made or given. And further that it shall and may bee lawfull to and for our said dearest brother his heirs and assigns by these presents from time to time to nominate make constitute ordaine and confirme such Ijawes as aforesaid by such name or names stile or stiles as to him or them shall seem good And likewise J^l'ri'l HlfNT TO TMH Ontakih Ai'i'UNiiii. ir.int ■>(' ihi I'rmince ■>! .Miiinu 1(171. ^1 It l,IIM|i.M TO TIW Omamiii Al'IKMUX. Ornnl of !|i« ProviiicB of Mnine 1874. * i M I.) revoke digchargo change and alter as well all and niiigular Oovemors officRfg and miniHtfrg whii-li hereafter nhall bo by him or them thought tit and uuedfull to Im made or uHed within the aforesaid Ighiudn and parts : And also to make ordaine and CHtablinh all manner oflaw.-s orders direuconn inntructions formcH and eeremonyeH of (rdvernrncnt and Magistrat-y tit and necensary for and conceitiing the Government of the TerritoryeH and Islands aforesaiil ho always as the same bee not contrary to tlic I/uwch and Statutes of thin our realme of Kngland, but as ni?are as may bee agreeable thereunto and the name at all times hereafter to put in execution abrogate revoke or change not (mely witliin the precincts of the naid Territoryes or Islands but also upon the seas in going and coming to and from the same as hee or they in their good discretions shall think fittest for the good of the adventurers and inhabitants. Id And wee do further of our Especiall Grace certaine knowledge and meer motion graunt ordaine and declare th:it such Gorernors Deputyes Officers and Ministers as from time to time shall bee authorized and appointed in manner and fforme aforesaid siiall and may have full power and authority within the Territoryes aforesaid to use and exercise Marshall Laws in cases of rebellion insurrection and Mutiny in us largo and ample manner as our Lieutenants in our Countyes within Our realme of England have or ought to have by force of their Commission of Lieutenancy or any law or Statute of this our realme: And Wee do further by these presents for us our heirs and successors graimt unto Our said dearest jrother James Duke of Vorke his heirs and assignes that it shall and may be lawfull to and fur the sjiid James Duke of Yorke his heirs and assignes in his or their discrescon from time to time to admit such and so many person and persons to trade and trufficke into and within ye Territoryes and Islands 2(i aforesaid and into every or any of the Territoryes and Islands aforesaid and into every or any part and parcell thereof: And to have possess and enjoy any Lands and hereditaments in the parts and places aforesaid as they shall think fie according to the Lawes orders constitutions and ordinances by our said brother his heirs deputyes Commissioners and assignes fiom time to time to bee made and established by vertue of and according to the true intent and meaning of these presents and under such eondicons rescrvacons and agreements as our said dearest brother his heirs and assigns shall set downe order direct and appoint and not otherwise as aforesaid And we do further of our Especiall Grace certaine knowledge and meer motion for iis our heires and successors give and graimt unto our said deare brother his heirs and assigns by these presents that ii shall and may be lawfull to and for him them or any of them at all and Every time and times hereafter -i" out of any of our realms or dominions whatsoever to take lead carry and transport in and into their voyages for and towards the Plantacons of our siiid Territoryes and Islands aforesaid all such and so main of our loving subjects or any other strangers being not prohibited or under restraint that will become our loving subjects and live under our allegiance and shall willingly accompany them in the said voyages together with all such doathing implements tfurniture and other things usually transported and not prohibited as shall be necessary for the inhabitants of the said Islands and territoryes and for their use .111(1 defence thereof and managing and carrying on the trade with the people there and in passing and returning to and fro Yielding and paying to us our heirs and successors the custoraes and dutyes therefore due and payable according to the Lawes and Customes of this- our realme And Wee do also for us our heirs and successors graunt to our saiTectimll in the I.iiw to uU intents and purposes whatsoever notwithHtundiun the not well mid true reeitinjf or irieneoninjf of (he premises or any jiart thereof or the limits or bounds thereof or of any former or other Letters I'ati'nts or ^raunts wlmtso..ver made or graunted or of any jiart t'lereof by us or any of our profjenitors unto any person or persons what- soever bodyes politick or corporate or any liw or other restraint iiuertainty or imperfeccon whatsoever to the contrary in any wise notwithstanding although Kxpresse mention of the true yearly value or 10 certainty of the premises or any of tliem-r of any other guifts or ^rimts by us or by an- of our progenitors heretofore made to the said Jam.-s Duke of Yorke in these presenis is not made or any statute act ordinance provision proclamation or restriction heretofore had made enacted or provided or any other iriaUer cause or thiiij,' whatsoever to the contrary thereof in any wise notwithstandin},'. In witness wliereof Wee have caused these our Letters to bee made Patents Witness Our Selfe at Westm. the 29th day of June in the 2Gth yeare of our reigne. F'lGOTT. Hl'I'MUMBNT r> THK ONTAIIIii Al'I'DNOIX. Omnt III til* rroviiii'i' "f Miiiiiii 1B74. il 90 Sl'II'I.HIKM Til Tni Ontaki.i Api'KNlllx. CImrti I- .It' •'ilMllll.l 166j. VUAUTKU OV CMiOUNA lOfir,. '".styan,! ..„tir..lv l..lov...I Cousin an.l ul 1^ '"' "";. ''"' '"''"""'■""^ ••*' '''"^"'-^ = -r ■-! -■ n-,l,( U-u.ty a„,l w..ll-l...,ov...l WilH 7^^^^^^^^^^ "f All.,,.,!., .Ma.stcr of o,.r Ho.e "•"' '<^"o„,.,, Vi..e-ClKuu..llor of our House „M !. ? tonn..noy Sir (ieor^^e Carteret, Kni.^l t K"i.M an.. Haronet; -d Sir WilHaJ , ' 'k^^^ «ir .K.l,n Colleton , '•■•'"-'' < ••'•■"'i'-'^ ->'-t.", lyiufT „„,, b,in„ ,, /; ^7- " ' •'" "-t Pn.v.nce, ...rritory, „r tract of ground V"'"'"^'- ■^'•""' -'■'■'I '-!^''-Island,"?,i: i u ■ ;Z'r;. v'™= -t-ii"K»ro„. tl'„or„ 'l^-K'-ees of north latitude; and to tl, wes . " ^" n"T ""'"■•' ^•"'■^' "'"' "*"''" ""''ty-ix nv;-- of Matthias, whieh l.r.iereth upon i;! e ^ t f K, T T '■ ;""' ^" '"^'"'^•"^^•'^ ^ ^^ - "'- '--^.- = and so .est, in a direet line,':. ,. :;;;: si^sr^^^i^''' "'"'^-""" "*--« ^' "-»' na:net:':::^:;;!:::u:^'::,t;;:;;;:;7---;^^^^ «ai.l grant unto them, aecording to the li.nds ■ d , , I-*" ''' ^'''-'-""Ij pleased to enlarge our -Hi uohle purpose of the said EdwardC o^^^^,^^^^ <',e pious of Craven, John Lord Merk..|oy, Anth , Lr A Z s ' 7'^ '""""" '""■""^''■' ^^'"i'- '-H ^- S.r William Herkely, fheir heirs an.i assi/^.s tt J' "'" '■"■*""'' ""^ ■'"''" ^'""<^t°"' -"I ="•'1 l-ing within our dominions of America af™; TT'' "''"' "' *'"^'* "^ ''""'- -"'^"''to, hing ^na of t^urrauck river or iulet, npou a s;::^ t ^ ir ^'w^rk ^'"'^7'^'^ ^^ '^^^ ^ "'^ ^"^ ■e degrees of thirty-s.x and thirty minutes, northen. "t ie 7 """''' "''"'' ''^"'^ '''""" ^ •^l'«"> »..' .^outh-Seas; an.l south and westward, a,s h " '""'-west, in a direct line, as far as a.itu.le; and so west, in a direet line, an fa a t "so . S ''T °^ ;^^*-"'>-^-' inclusive, of northern Im. Lours, hays, rivers an.l inlets, helo ging u^aU^T '""'"' "'"' ''" '"'' '''"^^^'^^ "'- P-ts, soils ian.ls, tields, W00.IS, n,ountaine:,linr . e '^:::"*h"" '"'T^ '''"'^''''^ ^"'^ ">-' "H the •I- l-ounds or limits las, before mentione.l • w t, ' t i\ ^ 7u "''' """"' "^ •"■'"^' -''''" an.i all other royal ti^h, in the sea, hays isl ts ., *"'"".ff . ''^ ;'" -rts -f lish, whales, .turg..ons, ■,, taken,togetlu.rwithtlu,royaltvoft.ei .;/";■"'. T'.^'"" ♦'"' I-mis.-s, an.l th.. fish tltrein v-ins, n.in..s and .,ua,r;..s. L wHl .liHcov^^ dt^^l . ""' """" """ '"""^ "•-'--' = -"' "-reover all -;:' : Ana ,urth..rn.ore, ,1. patronage an,l a.^!:!: ,;;..';::::', "'T^' T'^'^ """ '-'^« h'^- ..•l.g...u shall nK-r..ase within th.- province territ.)rv il "' ''"'*"'^'' "■'"'^•''' ^'^ <'''"«'*='>. •'. .;r.cte.l ; t.^ether with liconee and p.:.^ ^ dhU j f 'T f """' "^" "="'"'" '-'^- •^• vn>enta„d fit plac.s,.ithin thesai.l ll..lsa, , t , ' "'T^"^' I'''"'" ""'' •""'"''-' '" -- a-onimg to the ecclesiastic.il laws of our kin-. Z V ',"" "' '" '"" ■''"'''•"•''' '""' '•onsccrated, •••-1 as an.ph. rights, jurisdi..,io„s, privil . f Z '•■"^''••'";' = ''W'""'' "itl- all an.l singular th.. like of what kin.l so..ver, within tin- .. • i^ 1 Is' ^r'T,"':'''"' '"'"^''"^' "■'"■"""''■^' -" '^--1. - 4o ana enjoy the sanns as amply, fn,,,,,,,,?;,;"'^ -a l.nnts afon-sahl : To have. hold. use. ex..rci. An.i.h..n.thesai.lKdwar.l Ka. .. i::. ,:•'"''' ''',:?'"''' ""^'" "'• -"«'' '-", use, or e •'•"'" '-a n..rk..ley, Anthony Lord As 11 s ', '"^^"' "'" " ^""""-''■' ^^'''i-. ■•-•.■.n of (V„ en' M-.l. . That we, of our further j^raee, certain knowled-re, and men^ motion, have tlion),'ht lit to annex the same tract of f,'roinid (U- territory nuto the same i.rovitice of Carolina ; and out of the fullness of oin- royal |)ower and prm)},'ative, we do, for us, our heirs ami successors, annex and unite the same to the said province of Carolina. A!id forasmuch as we have made and ordained th(> aforesaid Kdward I'.arl of Clarendon, (ieorf,'e Didie of Allx-marh', William Karl of Craven, John Lord I'.erkeley, Anthony Lord Ashley, Sir (ieor(,'e Carteret, Sir John Colleton, and Sir William Berkeley, their heirs, and assi^rus, the true Lords and Proprietors of all the province or territory aforesaid ; Know ye therefore moreover, That we, repo.sin^; especial trust and •>,) contidence in llu'ir fidelity", wisdom, justice, and provident circumspection, for us, our heirs and successors, ,lo t^vant full and absolute ])ower, by virtue of these presents, to them the said Kdward Earl of Clarendon, t;eor{,'e Duke of Albemarle, William I'.arl of Crav<>n, Lord John Berkeley, Antlu.ny Lord Ashley, Sir (ieor^e (\irleret. Sir John Colleton, and Sir William Bnk.ley, their heirs and assijrns, for the ^'oo.l and liappj Kov^-niment of the said whole province or territory, full iu.w.t and authority, to erect, constitute, and make s.-voral counties, baronnies, and colonies, of and within the said provinces, territories, lands, and hereditaments, in and by the sai.l Letters Patents, ^'ranted, or mentioned to be t^'rante.l, as aforesaid, with several and .listinct juris(lictinny, or colony, or the limits thereof, tor the ti,„'. bein- which shall be constituted, under the power, and government of them or any ot them, either 4(, sailing towards the said province, or territory of Carolina, or returning from thence towar.ls England, or any other of our, or foreign dominions, by imposition of penalti..s, imprisoumeut, or any other punish- „1, ut • vea if it shall be needful, and the .p.ality of the olTence require it, bv taking away member and lif,. ..ither'bythem the said Edwar.l Earl of Clarendon, George Duke of All^emarle, \N illiam Earl ot Craven John Lord Berkeley, Anthony Lord Ashley, Sir Oeorge Cart.-ret, Sir John Collet,..., and Sir William Berk..ley, and Ih.-ir heir.s or by tlwm, or >'.eir Deputies, Lieutenants, Judges, Justices, Magis- ,r olVicer- whatsoever, as well within the Haid province, .is at sea, in such manner .-md form as trates iin ,„„., the said Kdward Karl of Clarendon, tieorge Duke of Albemarhs William Karl ,,t Craven. .I.,hn Lord Berkeh.v Anthony Lor.l Ashley, Sir (icoi'ge Carteret, Sir John Colleton, and Sir William Berkeley, and their h.'ins, shall seem most convenient : And also, to remit, release, pardon, and ab.,l.>l., whether betore I ofl'euces whatsoever against the said laws; and to do aU ami every I f: judgment or after, all crimes and 92 SiM-l'I.KMKNT I'VTAHIO Al'HKNniX, Cfjiirtep of I 'uroliiiii 1^ tlniiR and thinfrs wl.idi, ,into the compleat establisliment of justice, unto courts, sessions, and forms of judicature, and manners of proceeding therein, do belong, although in these presents express mention is not made thereof; and hy Judges to him or them delegated, to award process, hold pleas, and determine, in all the said courts and places of judicature, all actions, suits, and causes whatsoever, as well criminal as civil real, mixt, personal, or of any other kind or nature whatsoever : Which laws so as aforesaid to be published, our pleasure is, and we do enjoin, require, and command, shall be absolutely tirm and available in law ; and that all the liege people of us, our heirs and successors, within the said province or territory, do observe and keep the same inviolably in those parts, so far as they concern them, under the pains and penalties therein expressed, or to be expressed : Provided nevertheless, That the said laws be consonant to reason, and as near as may be conveniently, agreeable t. the laws and customs of this Ic our realm of Rngland. And because such assemblies of freeholders cannot \>e so suddenly called as there may be occasion to require the same, we do therefore, by these presents, give and grant unto the said Edward Karl of Uarendon, George Duke of Albemarle, William Earl of Craven, John Lord Berkeley, Anthony Lord Ashley 8.r George Carteret, Sir Jolm Colleton, and Sir William Berkeley, their heirs and assigns, by hemselves, or their magistrates, in that behalf lawfully authorised, full power and authority, from time to time, to make and ordain fit and wholesome orders and ordinances within the province or territory aforesaid, or any county, baronny, or province, within the «ame, to be kept and observed, as well f.r the keeping of the peace, as for the better government of the people there abiding, and to publish the same to all to whom It may concern : Which ordinances we do, by these presents, straitly charge an.l command 'JO to be inviolably observed within the same province, counties, territories, baronnies and provinces, under the penalties therc-in expressed ; go as such ordinances be reasonable, and not repugnant or contrary, but as near as may be, agreeable to the laws and statutes of this our kingdom of England ; and so as the same ordinances do not extend to the binding, charging, or taking away the right or iuterest of anv person or persons, in their freehold, goods, or chattels, whatsoever. And to the end the said province or territory may be the more happily increased, by the multitude people resorting thither, and may likewise be the more strongly defended from the incursions of savages and other enemies, pirates and robbers ; therefore, we, for us, our heirs and successors, do give and grant' by these presents full power, licence and liberty, unto all the liege people of us, our heirs and successors^ m our kingdom of England, and elsewhere, within any other our dominions, is nds, colonies, or planta- 30 tions, (excepting those who shall be especially forbidden) to transport themselves and families into the sai.l province or territory, with convenient shipping and fitting provision ; and there to settle themselves, dwell, and inhabit: Any law, act, statute, ordinance, or other thing, to the contrary notwithstanding. And we will also, and of our especial grace, for us, our heirs and successors, do straitly enjoin, ordain constitute and command, that the said province and territory shall be of our allegiance ; and that all and singular the subjects and liege people of «s, our heirs and successors, transported, or to be transported into the said province, and the chil.lren of them, and such as shall descend from them there born or hereafter to be born he, and shall be deni/.ens and lieges of us, our heirs and successors, of this our king- dom of Englan.l, and be in all things, held, treated and reputed, as the liege faithful people of us our heirs and successors, Ik,™ within this our said kingdom, or any other of our dominions; and may inherit 4,. or otherwise mirchase and receive, take, hold, buy and possess, any lan.ls, tenements, or hereditaments within the said places, and them may occupy and enjoy, sell, alien, and be,,ueath ; as likewise all liberties' franchises, and privileges, of this our kingdom, and of other our dominions aforesaid, may freely ind quietly have, possess, and enjoy, as our liege people, born within the same, without the molestation vexation, trouble, or grievance, of us, our heirs and successors: Any act, statute, ordinance, or provision' to the contrary, notwithstanding. An.l furthermore, that our subjects of this our said kingdom of England, and other our dominions may be the rather encouraged to undertake this expedition, with ready and cheerful means- Know ye' That we, of our special giace, certain knowledge and mere motion, do give and grant, by virtue of these' M 93 presents, as well to the said Edward Karl of Clarendon, (ioorire Duke of Albemarle, William Earl of Suiti.kmbni TO THK Craven, John Lord Berkeley, Anthony !,onl Ashley, Sir Guorf^e Carteret, Sir John Colleton, and Sir Ontakio Williiim lierkeley, and their heirs, as unto all others as sliall, from time to time, repair unto the said •^'■'■^xp'^'- province or territory, witli a purpose to itihaliit tliere, or to traile with the natives thereof; full liberty Clmrtcrof Caroli lOG"). and licence, to lade and freifjht, in m-ery ]>ort whatsoever, of us, our heirs and successorsi, and into the *"'"''''""' said province of Candiua, by tliem, their servants and ass;n;iis, to transport all and singular their jjoods, wares and merchandises; as likewise all ,-orts of ;;rain whatsoever, and any other thin;^ whatsoever, necessary for their food and clothinn;, not prohibited by the laws and statutes of our kingdom and dominions, to be carried out of the same, without any let or molestation of us, our heirs and successors, 10 or of any other our officers or ministers w]iatsoev(.'r ; saving also unto us, our heirs and successors, the customs and other duties and payiiients, due for the said wares and merchandises, according to the several rates of the places from whence the same shall be transported. We will also, and by these jireseuts, for us, i>ur heirs and successors, do give and grant licence, by this our charter, unto the said Edward Earl of Clarendon, (ieorge IJuke of Albemarle, William Earl of Craven, John Lord Berkeley, Anthony Lord Ashley, Sir George Carteret, Sir John Colleton, and Sir William Berkeley, and their heirs and ass'gns, and to all the inhabitants and dwellers in the province or territory aforesaid, both present and to come, full power and absolute authority, to import or unlade, by themselves or their servants, factors, or assigns, all mercliandises and goods whatsoever that shall arise of the fruits and commodities of the said province or ti'rritory, eitlu'r by laud or sea, into any the 20 i)orts of us, our heirs and successors, in our king(K)m of England, Scotland, or Ireland, or otherwise to dispose of the said goods in the said ports; and, if need be, within one year next after the unlading, to lade the said merchandises and goods again into the same or other ships ; and to export the same into any other countries, either of our dominions or foreign, being in amity with us, our heirs and successors, so as they pay such customs, subsidies and other duties, for the same, to us, our heirs and successors, as the rest of our subjects of this our kingdom, for the time being, shall l* bound to pay; beyond which we will rot, that the inhal 'ants of the said province or territor)', shall be any ways charged : I'rucided uevertheleHS, and our will and pleasure is, and we have further, for the considerations aforesaid, of our especial grace, certain knowledge, and mere motion, given and granted, and by these presents, for us, our heirs and successors, do give and grant untotlie s;iid Edward Earl of Clarendon, George Duke of Albe- M) marie, William "" ' ord Berkeh'y, Anthony Lord Ashley, Sir (ieorge Carteret, Sir John Colleton. -.r William Berkeley, their iieirs and assigns, full and free licence, power and authority, at t .„, i ,m or times, from and after the Feast of St. Michael the Archangel, which shall be in the year of our Lord Christ one thousand six hundred and sixty-seven, as well to import and bring into any of our doniiirions, from the said province of Carolina, or any part thereof, the several goods herein after mentioned ; that is to say, silks, wines, raisins, capers, wax, almonds, oil, and olives, without jjay- ing or answering to us, our heirs and successors, any custom, impost, or other duty, for or in respect thereof, for and during the term and space of seven years, to commence and be accounted from and after the importation of four tons of any of the said goods, in any one bottom, ship, or vessel, fr the said jirovince or territory, into any of our dominions; as also, to export, and carry out of any o: ir K» dominions, into the said province or territory, custom free, all sorts of tools which shall be useful or necessary for the planters there, in the accommodation and improvement of the premises : Any thing before in these presents contained, or any law, act, statute, prohibition, or other matter or thing, heretofore had, made, enacted, or provided, in any wise notwithstanding. And furthermore of our more ample and especial grace, certain knowledge, and mere motion, we do, for us, our heirs and successorp, grant unto the said Edward Earl of Clarendon, George Duke of Albe- marle, William Earl of Craven, .John liord Berkeley, Anthony Lord Ashley, Sir (ieorge Carteret, Sir •lohn Colleton, and Sir William Berkeley, their heirs and assigns, full and absolute power and authority, to make, erect, and constitute, within the said province or territory, and the isles and islets aforesaid, such and so many sea-ports, harbours, creeks, and other places, for discharge aud unlading of goods and merchandises, out of ships, boats and other vessels, and for lading of them, in such and so many places, A A iM m 1 11 K I'MAIIIO AiTKsnix rtwrior 'i( Camlina 94 ^' ni'^THf'^ ^'*'i such jurisdictions, privilepres, and franchises, unto the said ports helonf,nns-, as to them shall seem most expedient; and that all and singular tlie ships, boats and other vessels, wliieh shall come for mer- chandises and trade into the said province or territory, or shall depart out of tlie same, shall he laden and unladen at such ports only as sliall lie erected and constituted by the said Edward Earl of Clarendon, George Duke of Albemarle. William Earl of Craven, John Lord Berkeley, Anthony Lord Asldey, Sir George Carteret, Sir John Cdlcton, and Sir William Berkeley, their heirs and assigns, and not elsewhere: Any use, custom, or thing, to the contrary notwithstanding. And we do further will, appoint, and ordain, and by these presents, for us, our heirs, and successors, do grant unto the said Edward Earl of Clarendon, George Duke of Albemarle, William Earl <.f Craven, John Lord Rerkeley, Anthony Lord Ashley, Sir G(>orge Carteret, Sir John Colleton, and Sir William Berkeley, and tlieir heirs and assigns, that they the said Edward Earl of Clarendon, Cfeorge Duke of Albemarle. William Earl of O.iven, John Lord Ri'rkeley, Anthony Lord Ashley, Sir George Carteret. Sir John Cdleton, and Sir William Berkeley, tlieir heirs and assigns, may, from time to time, forever, have and enjoy the customs and subsidies, in the ports, harbours, creeks, and other places within the provinci- aforesaid, payable for the goods, wares and merchandises there laded, or to be laded o.- unladed ; the said customs to be reasonably assessed', upon any occasion, by themselves, and by and with the consent of the free people, or the greater part of them, as aforesaid ; to whom we give power, by these presents, for us, our heirs and successors, upon just cause, and in due proportion, to assess and impose the same. And further, of our especial grace, certain knowledge, and mere motion, we have given, granted and confirmed, and by these presents, for us, our heirs and successors, do give, grant and confirm, unto tlie said Edward Earl of Clarendon, George Duke of Albemarle, William Earl of Craven, John Lord Berkeley, Anthony Lord Ashley, Sir George Carteret, Sir John Colleton, and Sir William Berkeley, tlu^ir lieirs and' assigns, full and absolute power, licence and authority, that they the said Edward Earl of Clarendon. George Duke of Albemarle, William Earl of Craven, John Lord Berkeley, Anthony Lord Ashley, Sir George Carteret, Sir John Colleton, and Sir William Berkeley, their heirs and assigns, from time to time hereafter, forever, at his and their will and pleasure, may assign, alien, grant, demise, or enfeofT, the premises, or any part or parcel thereof, to him or them that shall be willing to purchase the same, and to such person and persons as they shall think fit ; to have and to hold to them, the said person or persons, tlieir heirs and assigns, in fee-simple, or in fee-tail, or for term of life or lives, (,r years ; to lie held of them the said Edward Earl of Clarendon, George Duke of Allwmarle, William Earl of Craven, John Lord Berkeley, Anthony Lord Ashley, Sir George Carteret, Sir John Colleton, and Sir William Berkeley, their heirs and assigns, by such rents, services and customs, as shall seem fit to them the said Edward Earl of Clarendon, George Duke of Albemarl.>, William Earl of Craven, John Lord Berkeley, Anthony Lord Ashley, Sir (ieorge Carteret, Sir John Colleton, and Sir William Berkeley, their heirs and assigns, and not of us, our heirs and successors : And to the same person and persons, and' to all and every of them, we do give and grant, by these presents, for us, our heirs and successors, licence, authority and power, that such person or persons may have and take the premises, or any part thereof, of the said Edward Earl of Clarendon, George Duke of Albemarle, William Earl of Craven, Jolm Lord' Berkeley, Anthony Lord Ashley, Sir George Carteret, Sir .John Colleton, and Sir William Berkeley, their heirs and assigns; and the same to hold to themselves, their heirs and assigns, in what estate of in'lierit- ance soever, in fee-simple, or fee-tail, or otherwise, as to them the said Edward Earl of Clarendon, (ieorge Duke of Albemarle, William Earl of Craven, John Lord Berkeley, Anthony Lord Ashley, Sir (ieorge Carteret, Sir John Colleton, and Sir William Berkeley, their heirs or assigns, shall seen, expedient ; the statute in the I'arliam.nit of Edward, son of King Henry, heretofore King of England, our predecessor, commonly called the statute of quia cmptorcs terrarum, or any other statut.^. act, ordinance, use, law, custom, or any other matter, cause or thing, heretofore published or provided to the contrarv! in any-wise notwithstanding. And because many persons, bom and inhabiting in the said province, for their deserts and services, may expect and be capable of marks of honour and favour, which, in respect of the great distance 10 'JO ;io 411 95 10 \ff, as to them shall seem ■I'.icli shall come for mer- tlie same, shall be laden Iwanl Earl of Clarendon, iithitiiy Lord Ashley, Sir iigns, and not elsewhere : Dtir heirs, and successors, niliain Earl «{ Craven, olleton, and Sir William endon, George Duke of y. Sir George Carteret. a time to time, forever, ither places within the to be laded oc unladed ; , and by and with the o give power, by these , to assess and impose have given, granted and L^ii It and confirm, unto the en, John Lord Herkcley, Berkeley, their heirs and vard Earl of Clarendon, ithony Lord Ashley, Sir I assigns, from time to t, demise, or enfeoff, the illing to purchase the hold (o them, the said :erm of life or lives, or lll)emarle, William Earl Sir John Colleton, and oms, as shall seem fit to rl of Craven, John Imu] Sir William Berkeley, person and persons, and f and successors, licence, es, or any part thereof, ■1 of Craven, John Lord William Berkeley, their what estate of inherit- ard Earl of Clarendon, Jiony Lord Asldey, Sir or assigns, shall seem •e King of England, oiu' r statut.'. act, ordinance, vided to the contrary, leir deserts and services, of the great distance ;>() 411 e-mnot be conveniently conferred y)V us; our will and plcMSure therefore is, and we .lo by these presents, give an.l grant unto the said Kdward Earl of Claiendou, George Duke of Albemarle, \\ ilham Karl ut Criven, John Lord Be.kelev, Anthuny Lord Ashl.-y, Sir George Carteret, Sir John Colleton, and Sir William Berkeley, and th.ir heirs and assigns, full p..wer and authority, to give and coaler unto and nnon s.ich of the inhal,Hants of the said proviuc. or territory, as they shall think do or shall merit the slme, such marks of favour and titles of honour, as they shall think fit; so as their titles of honour be not the same as are enjoyed hy or conferred upon any of the subjects of this our kingdom of England. And further also, we do, by these presents, for us, our heirs and successors, give and grant licence to ,lu..aid Ed.ward Earl of Clarendon, (ieorge Duke of AllH.marle, William Earl ot raven, .,hn Lord ,0 .rk lev, An.bonv Lord Ashley, Sir (loorge ..rteret. Sir John Colleton, and Sir NN.lham Berkeley, and " Lir hei; and as.gns, .dl power, libor.y and licon.., to erect raise -'^'f '''.^'V ^^jl^:;;:: •md places aforesaid, or any pnrt or part, tlu'reof, such and so many torts, tort..>>e>, castles, c,t e ; o?o !: : tins, vniages, and other fortiiications whatsoever ; anmun,tK,n an.l -^; ' -- I, both defensive and offensive, as shall be thought iit and convenient, for the safety and weltar o tl^ sail province and places, or any part thereof; and tlu- same, or any of them, rom tune to time as "c s' u .dl re.,ui e, to disnnmUe, disfornisl,, Ue.noli.h and pull down : And also to place, constitute ndal. in or o or all or any of tho said castl.s, forts, fortifications, cities towns, and place. :^'3 . l.ors, Deputv-Govemors. Magistrate., Sheri.l^, and other officers^ civd and military, .is o ..) ur dl ' em meet : An.l U. the said cities, boroughs, towns, villages, or any other place or places, withn M them shall eem mt ,,,uu.rs.if incorporation, with all liberties, franchises, and ; -X .rr :; " S; :: n^wllun this o.^ king,lom .if England granted or b..longing ; and in alluie oro,,.dis, t wns, and other places, to c.nstitute, erect and appoint such and so many rkT .lr\s n I f^ir , as shall, in that behalf, be tlumght fit and necessary : An.i further also, to maikcts, marts, >' ^^; territory aforesai.l, or any part thereof, so many manors, with such C;;:'r;^ll - Z:..^ c-nvenient ; and in every of the same manors t.. have an to .ignou s..t.,tum ^ all things whats..ever which to a Court-Baron do beh.ng ; and to have and to ,0. -A''- :^,; 2 M 1 . u tirt-l.e..ts, for the conservation of the peace an.! better governn.eiit .( ulir;:iu::!;:hii;:Ss:uri.iicti.,nsa^precincts,asbyth^ V nf Al ...nv.rle Will.am Earl of Craven, John Lord Berkeley, Anthony Lor.l A>hley, Sir Geori,e '" t re Si (' ^1^^^^^^^^^^^^ Sir ^ViHiam Berkeley, or their heirs, shall be appointed for that purpose, (.arteret, Sir John (.oiieton,au i ,'.:,.,. ,,f Krank-Plclue, do belong; the same courts leets, for th.; time being, when the same shall be erected. A , lpn..n-. that in so remote a couutry, and situate among so many barbarous nations the invas^ :^z^:^ i:^ enemi.. pir.es i.i ^-^-^;2::^::':z'^:^^:^:^z given, and tbr us, our ,.i. ^^^'^[^Z ^-ITo ^^^^to^ Berkeley, Anthony Lord 4„ „fClareniiraii« the enemies atoresaul, as well uy ^-ea, a» t>j "»■' > j » and to make war, and pursue Uie enemie» a , j and being taken, to """J " r :i'";x%;;:'V:r :.rrr ::;i"; ,:i:t;'r.; „„ ... u- ...» .S\ II 1.KMI.M 10 IHB O.NIAHICi .\VIKN1H\. (,'hiUMir of t'Hriilintt— 1.;.;.^. hi Ml J S( ri>LkMK.NT III I UK Ontakio AlM'KMllX. CImrtPi- ft CHrolinu- lanr,. 96 o 1 forl.,.1) e tiu.r upon the land within the province aforesaid, or upon the main «en, in mak ng a voyaKe uther, or re turn.n, fn.n. thence, hy him and themselves, their Captains, Deputi ., or offi^r , tobe uthonsed rmder l„s or their seals, for that purpose; to whom also, tor us, our L. luul successor., we 1^0!, .""Tr ''^' *''"' P'""''"*''' ^"" P"^'''- '^'"^ ''^"^''''^'^■^' t" -ereise martial law against any mut nous and sed,t,ous persons of these parts ; such as shall refuse to suhmit themselves to their govern- ment or shall refuse to serve in the war, or shall fly to the enemy, or forsake their colours or ensfgns, or he loiterers, or stragglers, or otherwise otfending against law, custou., or military disci,.line ; as freely and m as ample manner and form, as any Captain-General of an aru.y, l,y virtue of his office, might or hath accustomed to use the same. ^ I(» th. ", r , t"' ^ TT "' ^"'^ ^'^ *'"'" P*""'""''^' *'"'■ "^' '""• ''"'-^ ""'• -^"ceessors, we do grant unto n>e sa,d Edward Earl of Clarendon. George Duke of Albemarle, William Earl of C aven John I o d Berkeley, Anthony I.ord Ashley. Sir (Jeorge Carteret, Sir John (^.ile.on, and S.r Will hm Be'rkel J teir heirs and assigns, an.l to the tenants and inhabitants of the said province or territorv. both prese, t and h..!! n^'t 7r mV; l:'r'/'n ''" "'' P^°^^"^'^' "' *''"'*"^'^'' '>"" ''' ^-^'"'"^^ and inhabitant: r t^ all not from henceforth, be held or repute.! any member or part of any colony whatsoever in America r:r^^^ ^^ -^^^^ --^-'^ le depending on or subject to the r government in any thing, but be absolutely separated and divi,led from the same • and our pleas-.e is, by these presents, that they be separated, and that they be subject immediate Ho ■-■ .-own of England as depending thereof, forever : And that the iuhabiLnts of he said pr.ntce or ... ^:7uV them, shall, at anytime hereaft., be compelled, or compellable, or be' an; v^y > 1 ct or liable to appear or answer to any matter, suit, cause or p.a.n ■ aatsoiver. ou of the p/ovince or territory aforesaid, i„ any other of our islands, colonies, or dom. ., „ ia Americ; or elsewhere, othe than m our realm of England, and dominion of M'ales. ' And because it may happen that some of the people and inhabitants of the said province cannot in their private opinions, conform to the public exercise of religion according to the liturgv, forms, ^nd 7^:^! "^ ?r: "' 1"^''""' ^ '^'^ "" ^'"'^^'-''^^ ^"^ -'^^"^ '""» -*-- --•'^ <^d estabi l : n lia behalf; and for that the same, by reason of the remote .listances of those places, will, as we hope, !«■ u. breach of the unity and conformity established in this nation ; our will and pleasure therefore is and we do by hese presents, for us, our heirs and successors, give an.l grant unto the said Edward Eari .., of llarendon, George Duke of Albemarle, Wiliiam Earl of Craven, John Lord Berkeley, Anthony Lord A hley,S.r George Carteret Sir John Colleton, and Sir William Berkeley, 'heir heirs '..id assigns, full and f.ee licence, liberty, and authority, by such ways and means as they shall think fi», to -ive and ^rant nuto sueh person and persons, inhabiting and being within the said province or territory. hena.y, or by the said recited Letters Patents mentioned to be granted as aforesai.l. or any part thereof, such indulgences and dispensations, in that behalf, for and during such time and times, and with suc^ limitatil and u.tnctKuis as they the said Edward Earl of Clarendon, George Duke of Albemarle, William Ear of W hm B t; Y'''':'Y-'' ^"^"°"y ^-" ^«^'l«y' -^^ ^>-«- ^"-teret. Sir John Colleton, and sL ^\ .Hum Berkeley, their heirs or assigns, shall, in their discretion, think fit and reasonable : And tint no p.>rson or persons unto whom such liberty shall be giv.n, shall be any way molested, punished, disquiet ,> .a led in question for any .liffereuces in opinion, or practice in matters of religious co cernment ' M.O do not actually disturb the civil peace of the province, county or colony, that iLy shall make tl ei^' aiK.de in : But all and every such person and pcsons may, from time to time, and It all times fee'v and quietly have and enjoy his and their ju.igments and consciences. i„ matters of religion, tlo ig all the said province or colony, they behaving themselves peaceably, an.l not using this liberty to fi n ...isness, n..r to the c.vil injury, or outward .listurbance of others : Any law, statute, or clause,'cont n'i liit^a::;;;:"^"' "^"^^ -^ ^'"°'" -' - '-'- -^ ^"^'-^' - ^^^ -^-^^ '-«n i.: anywise! An.! in ease it shall happen, that any doubts or questions shall arise, concerning the true sense and ,-.mm*^^i^iiBiiS&m^:' 97 BDPPUniBNT TO THK Ontauio Apphndix. understanding of any word, clause, or sentence contained in this oTir present charter ; we will, ordain, and command, that in all times, and in all thinf^fs, such interpretations he made thereof, and allowed in all iind every of our courts whatsoever, as lawfully may he adjudged most advantageous and favourable to the said Edward Earl of Clarendon, George Duke of Alhemarle, William Earl of Craven, John Lord charter of Berkeley, Anthony Lord Ashley, Sir George Carteret, Sir John Colleton, and Sir William Berkeley, their Cfttolma- heira and assigns, although express mention, &c. Witness Ourself, at Westminster, the thirtieth day of June, in the Beveut«enth year %i our reign. Per ipsnu Kegem. ing the true sense and BB f .u I t ■rmwi 98 'i M\ :mN ! THE CHAF{TER OF MASSACHUSETTS BAY— 169l,« Sl'PPI.RBKNT TO TlIK O.NTAHKl Al'PKNDIX. Charter of Massa- chuHctts Bay— 1691 I elan i Defencl.rs of dm F-a.th Ac T.. all t., whom the.e presents «hall come Greeting Wlu-reas his late Majesty lunj; James the First Our Koyall Predecessor by his Letters Patents vn.ler the Greate Seale of England hemn.^. date at Westminster the Tl.inl Day of November in the Eighteenth yeare of hi, Keigne did Give an.l Grant vnto the Councill established at Plymouth in the County of Devon f„r the Planting Hu oing Ordering and Governing of New England in America and to their Successors and Ass.gnes all that part ..t America lying and being in I5rea.lth from Forty Degrees of Northerly Latitude from the Kquinoctiall Line to the Forty Eighth Degree of the said Northerly Latitude [nclusively, and in length of and within all the Rrea.lth aforesaid throughout all the Main Lands from S.-a to Sea U, tx.ge(l,er alsoe with all tiie firme Lan.is Soiles Grounds Havens Ports Rivers Waters Fishings Mines and Mineralls aswel «oyall Mines of Gold and Silver as other Mines and Mineralls Pr!tiourStone„ Qunines and al and singul.r other Cnmodities Jurisdiccons Royalties Priviledges Franchises and Pieheminenees bo.h wi.bin the said tract of Land vpon the Main and alsoe within the Islands and Sea adjo.>^,ng Provided dwayes that the said Lands Islands or any the premisses by the Idiab.ted by any other Christian Prince or State or within the bounds Limits or Territories of he Southern Colony then before granted by the said late King James the First [to bo plantedf] I^ divers of „. Subjects ,n the South parts To have and to hold possesse and enjoy 111 and singular til aforesaid Continent Lnnds Territories Islands Hereditaments and Precincts Seas Waters Fishil w th •.. all and all manner of their comodities Koyaltyes Liberties Preheminences, and Profitts that should from henceforth arise from thence with all and singular their appurtenances and every part and parcel hereo vnto the said Council and their Successors and Assignes for ever to Mie sole and proper v'c and b<'m.fi t of the said Council and their Successors and Assignes for ever To be holden of his said late Majestic King James the First his Heires and Successors as of his Manor of East Greenwich in the County <,t Kent in free and Comon Soccage and not in Capita or by Knights service Yielding and paying therefore to the said late King his Heires and Successors the Fifth part of the Oar of Gold and Silver which should from time to time and at all times then after happen to l>e found gotten had and obteyned in att or within any of the said Lands Limitts Territories or Precincts or in o within any p "r or parcell thereof „r or in respect of all and all manner of .luties demands aud services whatsoever to be 30 done made or paid to the said late King James the first his Heires and Successors (or in and by the said Letters Patents amuugst sundry other Clauses Powers Priviledges and Grants therein conteyned more at large appeanth). ■' And Whereas the said Councill established at Plymouth in the County of Devon for the Planting Ruleing Ordering and Governing of New Englan.l in America Did by their Deed Indented vnder their Comon Seale bearing Date the Nineteenth Day of March in the Third yeare of the Reigne of our Royall Gnmdtather King ( hnrles the lirst of ev.. Hlesse.l Memory Give Grant Rargaine Sell Enffeoffe Aben and ( onfirme to S.r Henry Roswell Sir John Young Knights Thomas Southcott John Humphreys John Endic.>t and SimondWhetcomb their Heires and Assines and their Associata for ever All that part of New England in America aforesd which lyes and extends betweene a great River there comon ly called 40 Monomack als Merrimack and a certaine other River there called Charles River being in a Bottom of a a certaine Bay there comonly called Massachusetts als Mat tachuseetts als Massatusetts Bay And alsoe all and singular those Lands and Hereditaments whatsoever lying within the space of Three English Mil mi the South part ot tiie sai.l Charles River or of any and every part thereof And alsoe all and singula the Lands and Hereditaments whatseover lying an.l being within the space of three Engl h Miles to the Southwardof the Southennost part of the s. 1 Bay called the Massachusetts als Mattachusetts als Massatusetts Bay And alsoe all those Lands and Hereditaments whatsoever which lye and be within the The eb.rtor of 1620 had hoea cancelled by a ju.l.Mnont of the high court of chancery o7KnRland June 1 8 1684 t I hes.. word, occur in the prinle,! copieH, but are not in the original. See aUo colony charter. ' m; ■ » ■ m tfjftaj ffiftn ii ni iri i i i i i i I -.v-^ ■ ■ 09 i91.« 111(1 Scotland France and rreetinf,' Wlicrcas his late 'ndcr the Greate Soale of Kightocnth yeare of his County of Devon for the to their Successors and eps of Northerly Latitude Latitude Inclusively, and Lands from Sea to Sea lo iters Fishings Mines and [ineralls Pretious Stones iviledgea Franchises and ilsoe within tlie Islands y the premisses by the n actually possessed or limits or Territories of 'irst [to be plantedf] by ijoy all and singular the s Waters Fishings with v(, Profitts that should from every part and parcell sole and proper vse and holden of his said late East Greenwich in the ts service Yielding and if the Oar of Gold and found gotten had and or in o within any part erviees whatsoever to be 30 •s (or in and by the said irein conteyned more at )evon for the Planting 1 Indented vnder their le Reigne of our lioyall ne Sell Enffeoffe Alien John Humphreys John ever All that part of r there comonly called 40 leing in a IMtom of a iisetts Iky And alsoe all f Three English Miles alsoe all and singular Be Kngl h Miles to the als Mattachusetts als lye and be within the mi June, 18, 1684. y I'hiirter. space of three English Miles to the Northward of the said Hiver called Monomai'k als ^Slerrimack Si-p"™'"^ or to the Northward of any and every part thereof And all Lands and Hereditaments whatsoever OntIhio lying within the Limitts aforesaid North and South in Latitude and in Hreadlh and in ^'''''"""''- length and longitude of and within all the Hi ■iidtli aforesaid throughout the Main i^ands Charter of there from the Atlantick and Western Sea and Ocean on the I-last part»- to the South Sea ..n ?'''^"I}'„ the Wands and Hereditaments whatsoever lyeing within the limits aforesaid North and South in Latitude and in Breadth and in lengtl: and Longitude of and within all the Breadth aforesaid throughout the Main Lands there from the Atlautick or Western Sea and Ocean on the East ■5,) parte to the South Sea on the West parte And all Lands Grounds Place and Places Soils Wood and ' Wood Lands Havens Ports Rivers Waters and Hereditaments whatsoever Iving within the said bounds and limits and every part and parcell thereof And alsoe all Islands in America aforesaid in the said Seas or either of them on the Western or Eastern Coasts or partes of the said Tracts of Lands thereby menconed to be given and granted or any of them And all Mines and Mineralls aswell Royal Mines of Gold andSilver as other Mines andMineralls whats<,ever in the said Lan.lsan.l premisses or any parte thereof and free Lilwrtie of Fishing in or within any of the Kivers and Waters within the bounds and limits aforesaid and the Seas tliereunto adjoyning and of all Fishes Royall Fishes Whales Haleiie Sturgeon and other Fishes of what kind or nature soever that should at any time theivafter be tak.m in or within the said Seas or Waters or any of them by the said Sir Henry Roswell Sir John Young Sir Richard Saltenstall Thomas Southcott 40 John Humphryes John Endic.tt Simond Whetcomb Isaac Johnson Samuell Aldersey John Ven Mathew Craddock George Harwood Increase N..well Richard i'errey Kichard Bellingham Nathaniel Wright Samuell Vassall Theophilus Eaton Thomas Golfe Tiiomas Adams John Browne Samuell Browne Thomas Hutehins William Vassall William Pincheon and Georgs Foxcroft their Heires or Assignes or by any other person or persons whatsoever there Inhabiting by them or any of them to be appointed to Fish therein. Provided alwayes that if the said Lands Islands or ny the premisses before menc-oned and by the said Letters Patents last menc-Bned intended and meant to be granted were at the time of granting of the said former Letters Patents dated the third day of November in the Eighteenth yeare of the Reigne of his late Majesty King James the First actually possessed or inhabited by any other Christian Prin.e «i 4' 10 parcell thereof with the ■ristull ThoiniiH Honthcott lerscy .lolui Ven iMiitthew ;lmm Niithanifl Wrijijlit Siimiiell Hrowne ThnmaH mid Assif^neH for ever to r Raid lloyM (invndfiither and comon Hoccage and ■fore to Our naid Uoyall i and Silver wiiicli from all Services Exaccons and Indenture expreHHed. [five and (J rant vnto the itt John Hiiiniilircys John w Craddock Geor|,'e Har- [uniiell Vaasall TlieopliiliiH tLcJIiius VV.IlJam Vassall part of New Kngland in f iMerriraack River and a aini' Hiiy then; eoiVionly 'jO ny;ular those Lands and le Soiitii part of tlie said sin>ruler the Lands and liles to the Southward of ts iMassatusetta Bay And e space of Three Kurdish o the Northward of any thin the limits aforesaid d within all the Breadth and Ocean on the East Places Soils Wood and thin the said bounds and •esaid in the said Seas or Lands thereby mcnconed Mines of Gold and Silver i thereof and free Liliertie ts aforesaid and the SeaB id other Fishes cf what ;he said Seas or Waters install Thomas Southcott 40 :;rsey John Ven Mathew :ham Nathaniel Wright Jamuell lirowne Thomas or Assignes or by any o be appointed to Fish re menconed and by the he time of granting of nth yeare of the Reigne ' other Christian Prin.e 30 lOl or State or wore within the bounds liimits or Territories of tliesaid Southern Tolnnvtlien before irranted Srw-wMUMT TO THW by the said King to bo planted by ilivi-rs of his Loveing Subjects in the South parts of America. That Ontahio then the said (rrant of Our said Royall Grandfather shoulil not extetid to any such parts or ])arcells Ai mwu ix. thereof hoo formerly inhabited or lying within the IxJiinds of the Southern I'lantacon as aforesaid but as Churterof to those parts or pareells soe possessed or inhabited by any siieli Christian Prince or State or being pi,'',"™!* within the boiiiidaiies aforesaid should lie vtteily void To have and to iiold possesse and enjoy the said liny— 1601. parts of New Kiiglaiid in America which lye extend and are abutted as aforesaid and every part and pareell thereof and all the Islands Rivers Ports Havens Waters Fishings Fishes Mines Mineralls Juris- dio'ins FraiK-hises Royalties IJiverlies* I'riviledges Coiiiodities and [iieinisses wliatsoever with the 10 Appurtenances vnto llie said Sir Henry Roswell Sir John '^'oiiiig Sir Richard Saltenstall Thoiiiaa Southcott John lluinplireys John Kndicott Simonil Wbetcoinb Isaac Johnson Saiiiiiell Aldersey John Ven Mathew Cradink (icdige Harwood Increase Nuwell Kichard Perry Richard Belliiigham Nathauiell Wright Samuell Vassall Theophilus Katon Thomas Golfe Thomas Adams John Browne Samuell Browne Thomas Iliitchiiis Williaiti Vassall William Pineheon and (iefnge Foxcrofl their Ileires and Assignes for ever To the 'Hily proper and absolute vse and beho'dc of the said Sir Henry Rowsell Sir John Young Sir Richard Saltenstall Thomas Soutiicott John Humphryes John Endicott Simoiid Whetcomb Isaac Johnson Samuell Aldersey Jnhii Veil Matliew Craddock George Harwood Increase Nowell Richard Perry Richard Belliiigham Nathanit'l Wright Samuell Vassall T!ieo])liilus F.atou Tiiomas Golfe Thomas Adams John Brown Samuell Browne' Thomas Hutchins William Vassall William Pineheon and George Foxcroft 20 their Heires and Assignes tor evermore. To bo holdeii of our said Royall Grandfather bis Heires and Successors as of his Manner of East Greenwich ic the County fif Kent within the Realme of lMi;,'laiid in free and Comon Soccage and not in Capite nor by Knights Service And alsoe yielding and paying therefore to Our said Royall Grandfather his Heires and Successors the Fif'tti part only of all the Oar of Gold and Silver which from time to time and at all times thereafter should be gotten had and obteyued for all services Exacous and demands whatsoever. Provided alwayes and his Majesties expresse Will and meaning was that only one Fifth parte of all the Gold and Silver Oar above menconed in the whole and no more should be answered reserved and payable vnto Our said Royall Grandfather his Heires and Successors by colour or vertiie of the said last 30 menconed Letters Patent the double reservacons or recitalls aforesaid or any thing therein conteyned notwithstanding And to the <-iid that the affaires and husinesse which fri>m time to time should happen and arise concerning the said Lands and the Plantacons of the same might h- the better niannaged and ordered and for the good Government thereof Our said Royall Grandfather King Charles the F'irst did by his said Letters Patents Create and make the said Sir Henry Roswell Sir John Young Sir Richard Saltenstall Thomas Southcott John Humplueys .John Endicott Symond Whetcomb Isaac Johnson Samuell Aldersey John Von Mathew Craddock George Harwood Increase Nowell Richard Perry Richard Ijallingham Nathaniell Wright Samuell Vassall and Theophilus Eaton Thomes (iolfe Thomas Adams John Browne Samuell Browne Thomas Hutchins William Vassal William Pineheon and George P'oxeroft and all such others as should thereafter be admitted and made free of the Company and 40 Society thereinafter menconed one Body Politicpie and Corporate in fact and name by the Name of the Governour and Company of the Massachusetts Bay in New England and did grant vnto them and their Successt)rs divers powers Liberties and Priviledges as in and by the said Letters Patonta may more fully and at large appeare. And whereas the said plieation vnto Vs that W.-e woul.l' h>. ^rraciously pleased by our Royall Chart.T to Incorporate Our Subje.-ts in Our sah! Collony an.l t„. grant and eontirme vnto them such pow,.rsprivih-esund Francliises as [inj our KoyuU Wisdome should be thoiijfht moHt con- duce.njr to Our In.f.rest and Service and to the W.dfare an.l happy State of Our Subjects in N..w KiiKland an.l Wee iH-in,,' Knuh.usly pl.ase.l to gratide Our said Subjects And alsoe to the end Our Lrood feiibjc-cts within Our C.dlony of New Plymouth in New Englan,! aforesai.l may be brought vnder such a forme of Oovernment as m- put t hem in a better Con (i.V.n ,.f .lete.,ce an.l considering aswell the granting vnto them as vnto Our Subj.rts in the sai.l Collony of the Massachusetts Hay Our Koyall Charter with reasonable I'owers an.l I'rivile.lges will much tend not only to the safety but to th.- l-lourishing est^tte of )... .subjects ,n the sai.l pai's of N.-w Kn;;lan.l an.l al-oe (., the advancing of the endn for which the said ihintacns were at liis. .ncourage.l of Our especiall Grace certuine knowledge and meer Moc7,n have willed and or.leyned an.l Wee doe by these presents for Vs Our Heires and Succ.ssors Will and Ordeyne that the Terntones an.l Collonyes com.mly called .)r known by the Names of the Collony of the Massa- chusetts Hay and Collnny .,f New l'iym..uth the Province of Main the Territ.,rie called A.'ca.lia or Nova Scotia and all that Tract of Land lying betweene the sai.l Territ..ri<,>ries of Nova Scotia and the said Province ot Mam be Krecte.l Vnite.l and Incorporate.] And Wee doe by these present* Vnile Erect and IncM.rporate the same into one rcall Province by the name of Our Province .,f the Massachusetts By in New hngland And of Our ..special (tra,.ecertainekn..wle.lge and meer mo^n Wee have given an.l granf.d and by th.'se pr.-sentsfor Vs Our Ibures an.l Sncc-ssors doe give and grant vuto Our good Subiects the Inhabitants of Our snM Pmviuc.. .,r Trritory „f the Massachusetts Hay an.l their Successors all that parte of N..wKnglan.l in Am.-rica lying an.l ..xten.ling from the gn.ate Uiv.r c..,n..nl, .'ailed Monomack •'« ats M,.rn.nack on the North part and from three Miles Northward of the said Kiver'tu the Atlantick or ^\ ..stern Sea and Ocean on tl„. South part And all the Lan.ls and Here.litam..nts whatso..ver lying w,tnnth..linuttsafor..sai.lau.l..xteu.lingas fair as th.- Outermost Points or Promontories of Land .•ailed Cape Cod and Cape Mailabar North and South and in Latitude Hrea.lth and in Length and Loind- tude of an.l within all th,. Hn.adlh an.l Cmpass aforesai.l thr.>ugh..ut the Main Lund therefrom the said At antick or W ..s...rn S,.a and Occ.an on the l-^iste parte towar.ls the South Sea or Westwar.l as far as Our Colloneys ot Khode Island Connecticutt an.l the Marnigansett • Countrey allf alsoe all that part or porcon ot Main Lan.l b.gmnin- at tli.- Entrance of Pescata way Harbour and soe t/) pass vpp the same into the Hivcr ..t Newu.kewann...k and through the same into the furthest hea.l thereof an.l fr<,m thence North- westward till On.. Hun.lred an.l Tw..nty Miles Ik- tinishe.l an.l from Piscata way HarlK,ur mouth aforesaid North-Eastwar.l along the Sea Coast to Saga.lehock and from the Perio.l of One Hun.ire.l and Twenty Mih's afor..said to cn.sse over Land t., the One Hundre.l an.l Twenty Miles before reckoned vp into the Lan.l from Piscataway Marlx.ur through Newickawannock Uiv..r and alsoe the North halfe of the Isles an.l Shoales t.,gether with the Isles of Cappawock and Nantukett near Cape Cod aforesaid and also [all tl Lands and H..redita,nents lying an.l b..ing in the Countrey an.l Territory con.only called Acca.lia or Nova Sc.itia And all tl.os.. Lan.ls an.l Hereditaments lying and extending between the said ftjuntrey or Terri- tory ot Nova Sc otia an.l the said Uiyer of Sagadahock or any part thereof And ail Lands Grounds Places • Niirriiganscti. ~~ ' ~~~" ^ t In printed copi.H this is " th..," l,ut tho omiHainn in tho original Bcoms b,.ttor supplied ii> above. 10 40 103 ru THH OMTUilO Ari'iNuix. Soiles Woods and Wood OrfMinds iriiv.'ns Ports |{iv».r« Wufcrs aiul oflxr HorcdifamentK and prpmisspn HirnvMH wli.itsofviT lyiii),' within flic said tomid-; and liinitts afor.Muid nnd every jiart iind pare.)] flicn-of and al9o« nil Frtlands and Mcttn Iyin>,' within tt-nu Lca^jncs di.cctly o|iposilf to tlic Af lin Land within tlit miid bouniN and all Mines and MintTuU lis well Koyidl Min^H oftiold ami Silver as other Mines luul MineraU cbaruTof whatsoever in the said hands anil prenii-'ses ,,r any parte thereof To Have and to hold tlic - lid Territories MmM- Tritots Countreys Lands Heredil.iin.tits and all and sin>,'ular other tin' premisses with their and every of iily'^ \tvit their Appurteniint'es to Our said Snlijeots the Inhahitants of Our said I'rovini-e of the Musi-aehiiHettB Hay in New Kn^'land and their Successors to their onlv pro|)er \>c and liehoot'e for evermore To he holdeii of Vh Our lleires and Successors as of Our Mannor of Kast (ireenwich in the County of Kent hy Kealty only 10 in free and Coinon Soccaj,'.', yielding and \myu\g therefore yearly to Vs Our IleiruH and SucceHHors the Fifth part of all fioM and Silver Oar and preciou' Stones which shall from timi- to time and at all times hereafter happen to ho found gotten had and ohteyned in any of tiie said Lands and premisses or within any part thereof. Provided nt' vert lieleHs and Wee doe for Vs Our Heires and Successors Oifint and onleync that nil and every such Ir di tiiaiid 'hich S:uiiuell Allan of F<(nidon Merchant claiming from anil vnder John Mason Es(|" decease , lu i,ny otlu ; person or persons hath or have or claimeth to have hold or enjoy of in to or out of any start or s'-irts of the premisses scituate within the limitts above inenconed Hut that tin- said Samuel / !■ n and all and every such person and persons may and sliall ii.ive hold and enjoy the same in such manner (and no other then) as if these presents had not been had or 30 '"'^'^^'• It being Our further Will and Pleasure that no Grants or Conveyances of any Lands Tenements or Hereditaments to any Townes Colledges Schooles of Learning or to any private person or persons shall be judged or taken to lie avoided or prejudiced for or by reason of any want or defect of Form but that the same stand and remaine in force and be mainteyned adjudged and have effect in the same manner as the same should or ought l)efore the time of the said recited Judgment according to the Laws and Rules then and there vsually practised and allowed. And Wee doe further for Vs Our Heires and Successors Will Kstablish and ordeyne that from henceforth for ever there shall be one Governour One Leivten, or Deputy Govenioijr and (hie Secretary of Our said Province or Territory to be from time to time appointed and Commissionated by Vs Our .Q Heires and Successors and Right and Twenty Assistants or Councillors to be advising and assisting to the Governour of Our said Province or Territory for the time being as by these presents is hereafter directed and appointed which said Councillors or Assistants are to be Constituted Fleeted and Chosen in such forme and manner as hereafter in these presents is expressed. And for the better Execucon of Our Uoyall i'leasure and Grant in this liehalfe Wee doe by these presents for Vs Our Heires and Successors Nominate Ordeyne make and Constitute our Trusty and Wellbeloved Simon Broadstreet John Richards Nathaniel Saltenstall Wait Winthrop John Phillipps James Russell Samuell Sewall Samuel Appleton Harthilomew Gedney John Hawthorn Flisha Hutchinson Robert Pike Jonathan Curwin John Joliffe Adam Winthrop Richard Middlecot John Foster T'eter Serjeant Joseph Lynd Samuell Hayman Stephen Mason Thomas Hiukley William Bradford John Walley hH. Supplement TO THK Ontabio Appknuiz. Chnpter of rhusuttn Bhj— 1691. I(i4 Rarnabas I.,throp Jol. Alcott Sam.u.ll Dani.-ll an.l Silvanus Davis Ks,,ui..r. tho first an,l „r.sont Poun .llorH or A.ss,s.nt.s of Our sai.l Provinc, to oontinu. in tlu-ir said n-sp^ctive Offi e' rT..^ of Counc-illors or Usis,ants v„,i,| t,,.. ,,.st W..,i„,.s.lay in May whi..,. «,,all I. i th. y.-ar of , r Z One Thousand S.X ,..„,,,...., Suu,y and Tluv. and vn.iii other CounciliorH or Assistants shal 1. •, „. appointed in tl.e.r stead in hu-I, manner as in these presents is expressed. And Wee doe further hy these presents Const itut, d appoint Our Trusty and welbelove.1 Is-iae Add,n,.ton Ks,u.er to he Our first and pr-sent Secretary of Our sai.l IWinee durin, '.rlwl have^ih!: Ht^^iiriirT';;;::::;,;;:,:::^^ '•-,?"• ••-'-.• ^- the tin.. ..ein^sha,, Assistants of (fur said Pn.vi 1 ,1 e t ' "•^'.•"•"""/" '^-""''l" -'<1 -H t..,..th,.r the (^.uncillors or ^r the ord rin, and diree.ii;:,: ^^^ • e ':n ^rii;;";.;::::.::: - •" " •-" -"" ^""i' - •^--n that n:^^Su:;::t:;;.r^^ ' rr- '- "■ ^ • ^^-^ M •. f . iiiMoyioi \s uur lleires and Sucecssors k ve and Ln-'int foil .um. .. i :'r!:;;,i; '" ' """" "■ ™" '-' •"■' "■""■"" "»■" '"i»-"-" "• -.i .i^: ■:,, ,'!;« i^r.>i;iV«,i alwayes that noe Freeholder or other Person shall have a v„te in ih.. Kin f m , D,.|m(y (,„v,.n,„„n „r „„v ,,„ .,, „„. A»i-t:„,t. r,„ ,|„. l,,i„,. „ 1,. 11,,.,,, I ! • ^"' 'y,!"" '" ' " I- ■'•">. „ ij,.;,„ •„ , : , ; :, " r: i Tw,.„„. ,■„„„;.„„„, 1,1 :i;::;i 7.';;;; :;;;::„ r;;:: t:::T "r'r '"' "^ •nd Nov. Sctm Ami Ita tl„ d ,'„„„dll„r, „r A«.i-I„„„„r .„v „f l! , .1 I " '" oM i w w i i iaMii ii n i iti 105 any (Jrent or (ienerall Court or Ass,.,nl,|y An.l tlmt if ai.y of ti.e sa,M Councillors or Assistants shall happon to My., or l.e removed as uforesaia l.Hor.. tlu- (n'm-rall .lay of KI.tcou That then an.l in .-very such Case the (Jreat an.l (J.-nerail C.urt ..r Ass,.rably at th.-ir first silting may pn.cee.l to a new Kleccon _ of one ..r more Councillors ,.r Assistants in th.- n.om. or plac.. ..f su.'h Councillors .,r Assistants see Charter of flying' or rtimovcl. SUPPLHHRNT Ti) THK Ontauio Ari'KNiiix. AmiWe.Mloe furth.T (Jraut an,l (»r.levi... that it ..hall an.l may i>e lawfuU lor the sai.l (f..vernour with the a.ivice ami cnsent ..f th.' C. unci 11 or Assistants from time to time to nominat.. an.l appoint .'.■/ltr.'s Commissi.m.'is .,f Oyr an.l Terrnin.T Sh.Titfs Pr.)vosts Marshalls .lustic-s of the Peace and otlu. Omcers t,. (».ir Coun.ill and C Is .,f Justi.v l...lon^,'infr I'r,>r;,h;l alway.-s that noe such Nomina K) on o. a|)p.iintm.'nt of Officers In- nia.h- witli.mt notic.> first pven ..r sum resideiiif; witliiii Our said l'ro\incc. And Our Will and pl.'a>ur.' is that the Cfovernour an.l Leivtent or Keputy Govurnour and C'.)uncil- l.)rs .)r Assistants for th,' tiin.' li.ini; ami al! other Officers to he appointe.l or <'h.)sen as atoresai.l shall U't'ore the Vmlertakiiii,' tli.' Kx.m'iic.iii cf th.'ir Offices and Plac.'s respectively take their severall and respective Oaths for th.' .hie an.l faithfull performance .if their duties in their severall and respective Offices an.l Place- an.l alsoe the Oaths appointed hy the sai.l A.'t of Parliam.'iit ma.ie in th.' fir^t yeare of Our Hei},'iie to 1k' taken inst(ia.l of the Oaths of Allej,'iance an.l Supr.-inacy and shall make re peat e and suhscrilie the declaration meiitioiif.l in the sai.l Act ln'fore ^uch Person .)r Persons as are hy these 2(t presents li.'rein after appoint. d (that is to say) The (iovernour of Our siii.l I'rovince or Territory for the time iK'in}.; shall take the sai.l Oaths and make repeate and suhscrilie the said Declaracon before the Leivtent or Deputy (iovernour or in his alisence Ijcfore any two » more .if the said Persons hereby Nominate.1 an.l apptiinte.l th.- present I'ounciliius .ir Assistants of Our said Province or Territory to whom Wee doe by these presents ^ive full power and Authority to K«ve an.l a.lminister the same to our sai.l (iovernonr accordini^ly an.l after Our sai.l (i.iv.'rn.iur shall he sw.irn an.l shall have subscribed t'de sai.l Deelarai'Oh that tluMi Oin- Leivtent "r Deputy (i.ivernonr for the time heinjj; and the Councillors or AHsisUmts liefore by these presents .\ominatf I'arliani.Mit to lie taken instead .if the (hiths of Allef^ianc uti.l Supremacy and shall make repeate and suli8cril)e the declaracon menconwl in the said Act l)ef.ire the Governour Leivtent .ir Deputy (iover- nour or any two or mor.' C.iuncillors or Assistants or such other Person or Persons as shall be appointed ther.'unt.i by the (rovernour for the time bt'in;; t.> wh.iin Wee d.ie therefore by these presents jjive full |Knver an.l authority from tinu- to time to ^nve and administ.T the same respectively accor.liiifj; to Our true meaninj; herein before .leclared without any (!i>missi.)n .>r further Warrant to l)e had and obtained from vs Our lleiresand Successors in that behalfe. Ami Our Will an.l Pleasure is i nd Wee .l.ie hereby re.piire an.l coman.l that all and every person 40 an.l |i«'rsons hereafter by Vs Our H.'ires an.l Success.irs n.iminate.l an.l appointe.l to the respective Offices of Governour or Leivt or D.pnty (rovern.iur an.l Secretary of Our said I'rovince or Territory (which said G.wernour .ir Leivt or Deputy (iovernour an.l Secretary of Our said Province .>r Territory for the time la'iuf^ We .lo.' her.-liy res.'rvi' fidl pow.-r an.l Authority to us Our Heires and Successors to Nominate and upimint accordingly shall iM.fore he or they be adraitteointed by the said Act of Parliament made in the first yeare of Our Keigne to be taken instead of the Oathesof Allegiance and Supremacy to all and every person and persons which are now Inhabiting resideing within our said Province or Territory or which shall at any time or times hereafter jrod passe thither And wee doe of our further Grace crrtaine knowledge and meer mocon Grant Estif.blish and Or.laine for Vs our heires and Successors that the great and (Jeuerall Court or Assembly of our said Province or Territory for the time being Omvened as aforesaid shall forever have full Power and Authority to Erect and Constitute .ludicatories and Courts of Kecord or other Courts to 1)6 held in the name iof Vs Our heires and successors^ for the Hearing Trying and Determining of all manner of Crimea Offences Pleas Processes Plaints Accons .Matters Causes and things whatsoever ariseing or happening within Our said Province or Territory or between Persons Inhabiting or residing there whether the same be Critninall or Civill anil whether the said Crimes be Capitall or not Capitall and whether the said Pleas K' h'ea II personall or mixt and for the awarding and makeing out of E.xecution thereupon To which Courts and Judicatories wee doe hereby for vs our heirs and Successors Give and Gran* full power and Authority from time to time to Administer oathes for the better Discovery of Truth in any matter in Controversy or depending before them 30 i'hxZ wee doe for vs Our Heires and Successors Grant Establi«h and Ordaine that the Gouernor of our said Province or Territory for the time being with the Councill or Assistants may d(X' execute or peiforme all that is necessary for the Probate of Wills and Granting of Administracons for touching or concerning any Interest or Estate which any person or persons shall have within our said Province or Territory And irherea Wee judge it necessary that all our Subjects should have liberty to Appeale to vs our heires and Successors in Cases that may d.iserve the same Wee do by theR- presents Ordaine that incase either party sliall not rest .sitisfied with the Judgem.'nt or Sentence of any Judicatories or Courts within our said Province or Territory in any Personall Acccin wherein the matter in dilTerence doth exceed the value of three hundred Pounds Sterling that then he or they may apiM-ale to vs Our heires and Sue- 40 c<-.ssors in our or their Privy Councill Provided such Appeale be made within Fourteen dayes after }• Sentence (.r Judgement given and that before such Aj.peale be allowed Secinity be given by the party or parties appealing in the value of the matter in DilTerence to i)ay or Answer the Debt or Damage's for the which Judgetnent or Sentence is given With such Costs and Damages as shall be Awarded by vs Our Heires or Successors incase the Judgement or Sentence l)e affirmed And provided alsoe that no Execution shall ln' stayd or suspended by reason of such Appenh- vnto V8 our Heires and Successors in our or their Privy ( uicill soe as the party Sueing or takeing out Kx- ecution doe in the like manner give security to the value of the matter indifference to make Kestituciou in CafC the said Judgement or Sentence be reversed or annul'd vpon the said Appeale. -TlTl'i I'liliiitWIMIiiil 107 liuy-inoi. And wt! do fiutlicr for vs our HeirM midSiiccoHsors Ciivc iin.l Grant to tlie wee have by these presents reserved to vs Our Heires and Successors or to the (Knernor of our said I'rovince for t!ie tinm bein« and to Settforth the severall Duties Powers and Lymitts of every such Otticer to be ajjpointed by the said Generall Court or Assembly and the formes of such Oathes not n'puf,niant to the i,awes and Statutes of this our Healino of Englande as shall be respectiuely Admiviistered vnto tlieni for the Execution of their severall Offices and places And also to impose Fines mulcts Imprisonments and other Punishments And to impose and leavy proportionable and reasonable Assessments l{at«!s and Taxes vpon the Estates and Persons of ail and every the Proprietors and Inhabitants of oin- said I'rovince or Territory to be Issued and disposed of by Warrant vnder the hand of the Governor of our said Province for the time 20 b.^infr with tlie advice and Consent of tiie Cout'cill for Our service iu the necessary def(Tic(> and support of Our Government of our said Province or Territory and the Protection and Preservation of the In- liabitants there according to stich Acts as are or shall be in force within our said Province and to dis- pose of matters and things whereby our Sidyects inhabitants of o>ir said Province may be Hnts for V8 Our liei res and Successors wrdaining and appointing that all such Orders Lawes Statutes and Ordinances Instructions and Directions as shall Iw soe made and published vnder our Scale of our said Province or Territory shall be Carefully and duely observed kept and performed and put in Execution according to the true intent and meaning of these presents Provided alwaies and Wee doe by these presents for vs Our Heires and Successors Establish and Ordaine that in the framing and passing of all such Orders Laws Statutes and Ordinances and in all Electitms and Acts of Government whatsoever to be passed maile or dctne by the said Generall (lourt or Assembly or in Coimcill the Governor of our said Province or Territory of the .Massachusetts P.ay in New England for the time being shall have the Negative voice and that without his censentur Approbation 40 signified and declared in Writeingno such Orders Laws Statutes Ordinances Elections or other Acts of Government whatsoever soe to be made imssed or done by the said (ienerall Assemldy or in Coiuiciil shall bo of any Force effect or validity anythitig herein contaimd to the contrary in anywise notwithstanding /I mi wee doe for vs Our Heires and Successors Establish and Ordaine that the said Orders Laws Statutes and Ordinances Iks by the first opportunity after the makeing thereof sent or Transmitted vnto vs Our Heires and Successors vnder the P(d)li(pie Scale to be app.dnted by vs for Our or their approbation or Disallowance And that incase all or any of them shall at any time within the space of three yeares next after the same shall have been presented to vs our Heires and Successors in Our or their Privy Cotmoill be di.sallowed and reiectcd and soe signified by vs Our Heires and Successors vnder our or their SigTie Manuall and Signett or by or in ?'>r or their Privy Councill vnto the (iovernor for the time being fiO then such and soe many of them aa shall be soe disjiUowed and riectedf shall thenceforth cease and detertuine and become vtterly void and of none effect. • Profosaion. f Jiojicti'cl, >' • I i '''iipri.i'.iiBiiT T(l TIIK Ontahio Ari-KNDIX. Charier of Miissii- cliiisettN Hiiy - 1691. l'"3 ! 108 PmM alwais that incase VV.-e our Heires or SuccesHors sl.ail „ot within the Terme of Three iean.s utter the ,,re,^ntinK of m.eh Or.lerH Lawes Statutes or Onlinancos as aforesaid si^nifie our or u r hsallowanee ot tl.e sa.ne Then the sai.l onlers Lawes Statutes or Or.linances shall be an.l continue full tou-e ami etreet aeeon hn,. to the true Intent an,l u.eanein,- of the same vntill the expiracon there^.t or th,-,t the sa.ne siiall he Kepeale.i by the Genorall Assembly of our sai.l provin.. for tile lime /^'v,./,fe^,Isoe that it shall an.1 may be Lawful! for the sai.l Oovernor an.l (ienerall Assembly to make or passe any Grant of Lan.ls lying within the Hounds of the Colonys formerly calle.l the Collonys of the Massachusetts Hay and New Plymouth and province of Main in such manner as heretofore they m.Kbt have done by vertue of any former Charter or Letters Patents which ^mmts of lands within the K. H..unds aloresnd \\ ee .loe hereby NN'ill an.l ..r.laine to U- and eontin.,e for ever of full force and etfect without our turthrr Approbation and Consent. A,, a soe as Xeverthelesse an.l it is Our lioyall Will and Pleasure That noe Grant or Grants of any Lands lyu.f, or ..xtemlin,. from th.. River of Sa,.,dehoel< to the Gulph .>f S. Lawrence and Canada K.vers and to the Man, ,S,.a Northward and Eastward to be marie or past by the Governor an.l Generall Assembly of our said Province be of any force vali.lity or^Ktie.l vntill Wee our lleires and Success..rs shall have .Sifrnihed Our or their Approbawin of the same. And Wee .ioe by th.-se presents for vs (),u- Heires an.l Successors Grant Kstablish and Ordaine that he (,overn..r ot ..ur saul Province or Territory tor the time beinj^ .shall hav full Powr bv himselfe or by any Che.t Comander or other Officer or Officers to be app,.inte,l by him from time to time to traine v„ instruct Kxernse and (Joverne the Militia there and for the speciall Defenc and Safety of Our sai.i " Province or T,.rritory to a^-semble in Martiall Array an.l put iu Warlik.. post.ue the Inhabitants of Our sai.l Province or T,.rritory and to h^ad an.l (V.n.luet them an.l with them to Encounter Expulse Kepel Resist an.l pursue by force of Armes asweli by Sea as by Lau.l within or without the limits ..f Our s'li.l Province or T.-rritory an.l alsoe to kill slay .lest r..y and Con.p.er l,v all tittiuf,' wayes Enterprises an,l meanes wl.atso.-ver all an.l ..very such Person an.l Persons as shall at any time her..after Attempt ,u- hnterprize the destruccon Invasion Detnment or Annoyance of Our said Province .a' Territory an.l to vse and ex,.reise the Law Mnrtiall in time of actuall Warr InvasL.n or Reoellion as occamon nhall necessarily iv.,uire an.l als..,,. from tim.- to time t.. Erect Forts an.l to fortitie any place or Places within Our said Province or Territory and the same to furnish with all necessary Au.unir..u Provisions an.l Stor... {(i ot \\arr for Offen.c an.l I),.f,.nce and t.. c.mitt from time to time the (Just.idy and Government of the sam.. t.> such Person or P..r8.Mis as to him shall sc-m m.-t And the sai.l Forts an.l Fortif.camis t) demolish at his Pleasure and to take an.l surprise by all wayes au.l meanes whatsoever all an.l ev..rv such .'ersnn ur Persons with their Shipps Arms Ammuncon and other ko..<1s as shall in a hostile maiin.i- Inva.le or attempt the Invadini; (;.)n.|u,.rin>r or Ann..ying ..f our said Pn.vinc ,,r ilVrritory. Prn,'ide,l al«ay.-s an.l We,. ,loe by these Presents for V,. Our Heires an.l Succssors (Jrant Kstabli.h and Or.l..yn.. That ih,- sai.l Gov<.rMo,.r shall not at anytime her.-aft,.r by virtue of anv powvr herehy granted or hereafter to i..«rHnt.. I to hi,,, Transport any of the Inhabitants of Our sai.l Pn.vin.e or l..iritorynnrg,a„trn,uissionsf,-r ..x..rciseinK the Law Martiall vp..n any the Inhabitants ..f ( M,r said I n.vinc.. or r.rntu, y without the A.lvice an.l C.)ns..nt of th.- Councill of Assistants of tie same. 4(1 I'rovi.M i„ like manner and Wee .loe by these pres.-uts tor \'s Our H..i,vsa„d Su..c..ssors Constiti.t.. an.l Onleyn.. that when an.l as often as th.- G.u,.ri„.ur..f Our sai.l IVoviiu'.. for th.. time hein^' shall happen t.. .lye or be .lisplacnl by Vs (hir Heires or Successors ,.r U- ab^-nt f.om his Governm..nt That tlun an.l many of th.. sai.l ('as.^s the Lievtenant or Deputy (J.,vern..ur of Our sai.l Pr..vinc.. for the time l...,n^r shall hav.! full pow.r an.l autli..rity to .h.e an.l ..x.-.-ute all an.l every such Acts Matters and thini;« which Our (}ov.'rnour of Our said Province for the time Ix-in^' mij-ht or could by vertiie of these Our Lett,-r Patents lawfully .I.m- ur execute if he wer.' |,ers..nally present vntill tlie return of the Oovemour soe absent or Arrivall ..r Const itu.i.m of such other Governour as shall or may be app.jinted by Vs Our lo'J Heire-s or Sucossors i„ l,is stea.l at.,1 tiv.t wln-n an.l „s offn as tlv (J.nvrnour an.l Lievtenant or Dq.uty- Governonr ol Our sui.l I'n.vinc.. or Territory for tl,,. tin,.. Mu- mwII happ.-n to (lie or U- .lisplao-.l l,y Vs Our H«ires or Successors or be al.srnt from Our said I'rovinc.. an.l that thoru sliall 1« no ju.rs.m svitl.in the .aid I'lov.nee Coniissionale.l l,y Vs Our ILin's an.l Su,v..ss<,r.s tu In- (i.,v..rnour within the Hame Then and in ev.^ry ot tlie sai.l ca-cs th.- Coimcil or Assistants ,.f Our said Province shi.ll have full pow-T and Anthority and Wt-e .1..,. hereby {rive and grant vnto the said Cmncill or Assistants of Our said Province for the tini.- JM.in- or Oi,- Mnjor part.. ..f th.in full ].owcr an.l Authority 1.. do.^ and cxccut." all and every such Acts matters and thinj,'s which th.' said Gf.v.moiir or Licvfenant or Deputy-dovcrnor of (hir said Province or Territory for the time bein;,' mlRht or coulil lawfully doe or exer.ise if th.-y ..r either of them 10 were persontilly pn-srut vntill the rcturne of the; GoveriDr Lievtenant or Deputy-Uovernor soe absent or Arrivall or Constitncon of such other G.)V(.rn.)Ur or Li(.vtenant or I).puty-Govern.)r as sliall .)r may be appointed by Vs Our H.-iivs .ir Suc.ess.irs fn.ui tiin.. t.. tim... Provided alwai.'s and it is hereby declar.'d that nf.thing herein shall extend or ]hi taken t.> Kn-ct or grant or allow the Kx..,cise ol any Aduiirill ( 'ourt .IiuiMli.xiii Pow.!r .ir Auth.)rity but tliat the same shall lie and is hereliy reserved to Vs and Our Suocessors and shall from time to ae be I'aect.'d Granted ami exercised by vertiie of Couiissions to 1«! y.>sued vn.ler the Great Scale of K.i^'land or vnder the Scale of the High A.lmirall or the C.miissioners tor executing the Oflice of High Admirall of England. And furlluT ( )ur express.. Will and Pl.'asure i , Aii.l \V.-e .lo by thes.' presents f.)r Vs ( )ur H.ires and Successors Ordaiue an.l appoint that th(.se Our Letters Patents shall not in any manner Kuure or be '20 taken to abri.lg.! bar or hiiid..r any of Our loveing Subjects whatsoov(!r to vse and exerci-e the Tra.le of Fishing vpon the Coasts of New England but that they and every .>f them shall hav.. full and free p.>wer and Libert ie to ontinue and vse their said Trade of Fishing vp.ai the said ('oasts in any .)f the seas therevnto adjoyning or any Arms of the said Seas or Salt Water Ui-rors where they have been w.mt to fish and not then p.is.-,osst by pcrti.'uler Proprietors sueh W liarfs Stages and W.irkh.)uses as shall 'k? necessary for the salting drying ke.'ping an.l packing .)f tlieir Fish t.> be taken or gotten vpon that r.iast And to Ciitt down and take such Trees and other .Materialls there growing or Ixing or growing upon any parts or places lying wast and n.)t then in possession .if parliculer proprietors as shall be need- full for that purpose an.l f.)r all other nec-ssary easments helps an-l advantages eonct.rning th.. Trade of Fishing tliere in such manner and forme as they havt; l>een heretofoie at any time accust.tmcd t.) d.)e ;]{) witliout makeing any Wilfidl Wast or Spoile any thing in tiiese presents contevned t.) the contrary not- withstaniling. And last ly for the better provi.leing and furnishing of Masts for ( )ur Uoyall Navy Wee doe hereby reserve to Vs Our Heires and Successors all Trees of the Diameter of Twenty Four Inches and vpwards of Twelve Inches from the gr.iund growing vpon any soylc or Tract of Land within Our sai.l Pr.ivince or Territory, not lu.r..tofore granteil to any jirivate persons And Wee d.i.. restraine and forbid all persons whats.K'ver from felling cutting or destroying any such Tree without the Uoyall liycence of Vs Our Heires and Successors first ha.l anil obt..yni.d vpon [i.-nalty .)f F.u'feiting One Hundn'.l Poun. Is sterling vnto OnsOur Heires and Successors for every such Tree soe felled cutt or 90; ivn.l were 9uc..|^«iled by Liinl Somen as vhitnceUiT May 3, 1693. BB ]10 IN M » •■nn ' Sl'PPLKUKNT TO THK Ontahm AprKNIllX, Chartir of Ooorgia— 1732. CHAHTKK OF GEORGIA— 1732.» tiie laitli, .uul «.) f>,rlh. P.. all ta whom these presentB shall come, greeting. empl^'I::r ZZT!^'' 'f ■■"'''• " '^'"'"'^"^-^ poorH„I.jocts nro, thro„,h .„i-n.rtunosa„.l want of em lo^mcnt recu«.l t^o threat necessity, .ns^muoh as hy their lahor they are not able to pn.vi.le a " ...t-nanee for themselves an.l families; an.l if they had means to defray their charKes of pas^. " ...i other expenees, .neulent to new settie.nents. they wonhi .e «lad to settle in any oT our prov nc^ ^ Anenea where hycultuafuK the lanre^l:-;r:,r;T''H'"<.''f"^'' '"r"™' ""■^'•^''" '''"""•"^'^ '^'^^^^ ^-^ mdlan enemies; m>rc specially tlut of South (•.■.rol.na, ^: .eh in the late war, l.v the neighl„,urtn« s.-ivaL'es ...... lai, waste by hre and swoni. an.l great numlK-rs of Knglish in',..l.itants miserab^ massac'e.l"^ < .„ , n 2 tZX^^^:!:;^' --^^-^^^^ whole^outhem frontier continueth unsealed, and ■^"'^ ^';';"-''"« ^v« ^''i"k it highly Incoming our crown ..nd royal dignity to protect all o. lovinrr X^^ e^e 'ffeZiri u"""!""""*^ ""^^ ^^'^'^^^ ""^ ^ -« ''^ colony of thl Ld ; ,o jieopie ut settled and estabMsheil in the southern territories of Carolina. And whereas we hav. been well assured, that if .,. will be gra. ..usly please.i to .rect and «ettV « corporation, tor t e recem.,, managing and dispu.ng of tht contributLns o IrT'^t.^t^X divers persons would be n.d.ced t« conb.huto to the purposes afore«»id_ ^ ' ' Know ye therefi,re, that we have, f.. tho consideration, aforesaid, and for the l«.tter -md more or^Hy carrying on of the .aid good purposes ; .f . u, special gr.ee, certain knowle<^ a^^^ "12^ wi ed, ordained, constituted md appoint.!, ..d hy tl.Me presents, for us. our heirs a"' " c s^r d i wn or,..,, cons itute, d..ehire and grant, Uiut .„r right trusty and well 'beloved jJm, I d « p..lit.e and eorpor,... .„ de..d and in nan.e, by the name of the Trustees for establishing he eobny'f t..-o gia m A„.eru.a: and th,.,u and their suc-essors by the san.e name, we do, by these pre en Zu our heirs and successor, really an.l fully make, ordain, constitute and declare to .. ...e'b ly p i, L : deed nd name h.rever ; a,..' that by the same name, they and their successors shall and may ^ , r .tual succession ; an.l that th.,v and their successors by that name shall ands. chattels^md^ things whatsoever they 1.; for the betN. 'sx-t^ing anil (•Kl.tlM.rpe, eM,., »h„ .lenir..,! ,„ ,,r„v,d.. i„ ,)„ N," W\ rl'.lh Z "" .'' I^'"'/.''"* *^'"'"»J'- "n" P""'"-'! to » company „r8,>„i»,.,| by .UnZ tr«d.-m,a i.lai.iatioi... * "'""• *"" ''«l'»"tuted. ..n ».« recomm...,dHlK..i ol' the lordn .•cmmissioners fuV 10 Ill JO 1 Ireland, king, defender of if,'Ii ini-rortunesand want of arc not able to prnvid*- a eir charges of paNsajje, and 1 any of our provinces in 'y mif,'lit not only gain a our colonics and increase vappd by Indian PTinmies ; boiiring savajifeo, was laid massacred, aii.l our ioving I, will in case ufa new war continueth unBertied, and to protect all oi:- loving even to the meanest and toned poor subjects ; and tr colony of the t^aid poor ao ised to orect and sottlc a I of our 1. > iig 8ubj.'-.:tK ; for the l)etter and more wledge and mere motion, r heirs an-', "uccessors, do >vt'd John, !ord-vigconnt 'igby, Georgv Carpenter, Hucks, liui; r Holland, ;?() ha, es(|uires. A, M. John M. Adam Anderson and nanner herein tiifer nien- )<■, mid shall bo one Inxly tablishing the colony of by tiiese presents, for us, to U> one body politic in -hall and may have pcr- ay forever hereafter, he ijoy, to them and their 4u privileges, jurisdictions, tin, or any part thereof, uity, not exceeding the , and for years, and all e Iwttflr settling and i2~63 for which a pn)vinci«l eoiiipiiiiy (ir»iii(l, bj lease or leases, for term «it' years, in possession at the time of AiTkNuix. granting thereof, and not in revers'-.n, not exceeding llie leiin ot thirty-one years, from the time of Clmrti'rof granting thereof; on which in case no Hne bo taken, shall he reserved the full, aiiuccessors, in all and singular actions, plaints, pleas, matters, suits and demands, of what kind, natme or (juality soever they be; and to act and to do, all matters and things in as ample manner and form as any other our liege subjects of this realm of Great Britain, and that they and their successors forever hereafter, shall and may have a common seal, to serve for the causes and businesses of them and their successors ; and that it shall and may lie lawful fur them and their successors, to change, break, alter and make- new the said seal, from time to time, and at 20 their pleasure, and as they shall think best. And we do further grant, for us, our heirs and successors, that the said corporation, and tho common council of the said corporation, hereinalter by us appointed, may from time to time, and at all times, meet aliout their affairs when and where they ].lease, and transact and carry on tho business of the said corporation. And for the l)etter execution of the purposes aforesaid, we do, by these presents, for us, our heirs and successors, give & grant to the said corporation, and their successors, that they and th.ir successors forever, may upon the third Thursday in the month of March, yearly, meet at some convenient place to be appointed by the said corporatio!i, or major part of them who shall be pr.wnt at any meeting of the said corporation, to Iw had for the appointing of the said place; and that they, or two-thirds of such of them, 30 that shall Ihj present at such yearly meeting, and at no other meeting of the said corporation, between the hours of ten in the morning and four in the afternoon of the same day, choose and elect such perscm or persons to l* members of the said corp(.ration, as they shall think k'nelicial to the good designs of the said corporation. And our further will and plciusure is, that if it shall happen that any person hereinafter by us appointed, as the common council of the said corporation, or any persons to Ih- elected or admitted members of the said common council in the mtmner hereafter directed, shidl die, or shall by writing unde; his and their hands respectively resign his or Mieir office or offices of connnon coimcil man or comraim council men; the said corporation, or the major part of such of them as shall I m-o resent, shall and may at such meeting, on the third Thursday in March ycaiK,iu manmT as aforesaid, next after 40 such death or resignation, and at no other meeting of the said corporation, into the room or place of Buch person or ptsrsons so dead or so resigidng, (dect and choose one or more such person or jiersons, iHiing ununbers of the said corporation, as to them shall seem meet: ami our will is, that all and every the person or persons which shall from time to time hereafter be elected common council men of the said corporation as aforesaid, do and shall, before he or they act as common men of the siiid corp..ration, take an oath for the faithful and due executi.m of their office; which oath the president of the said cor- poration for tho time being, is hereby authorised and reipiired to administer to such person or persons elected as aforesaid. And our will and pleasure is, that the first president of the said corpiration is and shall be otir trusty and well-beloved, the said Lord John Viscount Percival ; and that the siid presid.iit shall within thirty days after the passing this charter, cause a summons to be issued to the several members m u t 112 TO Vh. "♦ *'"•;";■' <-|.nrMtion l,..n.i„ parti..MlarI.v ,,a,n...l, f,> ,„..,.( at sucl. time ami pla.v as he shall anpuir.t l„ OsT.,M., consult al,„ut an.l transact the l.uMnesH of naid corporation. "^ ' An.l „,.,. .i,, an.l r-l-asur- is, an.l w.-, hy these presents, for ,.., our heir., an.l s„eces«orH, K'rant, (Ktaiit.i Aii'KNinx Cliiirtcr of Urorgiii-. 1733. oiiliin .....1 li ^ .1 .\i ■ ,— -....",.,.. .1.',, iiiir iieirH, anci successom, ijrant, o. I. ,n, an,i .l.,e..t, that the e.,n.n...n council of this corporation .hall consist of fifteen in numl er an. vl 1 f I " 7"""'^' "°"'""'^'' "•"^^'^"'"' '""' "'""'"'^ "'"• "«''^ ^'"■^'y -' -» '-'-...a Join At t\ ' "■'"'"' •'""'^"' ^""'""' ^^■"''•"" l^-J^tha, es.,rs., an.l Steph.n JIales, Master of ArtH^t^be the co.n,non council of the .... corporat.on, to continue „. the .ui.l oL .lurin^thlC:? l.v ehl^;' r'r""' " " ""■ '■"^'' ;""■""""' ""■'' *'•" '"'"'"'"'■'' "^ ♦•^^ ""*•> corporation shoul.l he inerenned 1„ H H,.c ,on as noon as convenn.ntly may he, to a ,Mvater nu.nh.-r than is h..r..l.v nominat...l ; Our fur her W.11 and pI..aHure >s, and we .io h.-rehy, for us, our heirs an.l successors, or.lainan.l .lirect t nt f . m 1^ 1^ incased .. wenty-tour : an.l th:,t the same assen.hly at which such a.l.liti..nal n.e.nlKTs of the Z lS7c :;" ' "■^"V''*'" '""" ''''•^"•^" ''''''''' i" tlu. manner hereinl.fore .lirLt 1 IrTl mmlZ ln~r'"' "^"' '""^- '^^'^•^""^ ^" ^ ^'^^ -'" ^ " --^' -»' -^ to make up the ^"r' ;"•; *■'."•♦'"''• ^vill and pleasure is, that our trusty an.l well l„.loved K.Iwar.l Dh^hy, es.inire shall . . ue ."" '■";';? '""''""' "' ^'" "'' ^•"'"^••'*'""' '""' ^'-t the sai.l K.lwa.l I,i«l.y .hal .0 CO nc 1 . ""."...iKUely after the first meetiuK of th.. said corporation, or of the .-onnnoS otZ .0 T TT"''"" ^^'^f-^-*'-'^' ""•' "■> '""K- ; at which sai.l «econ., n^.tin,.. and "" ofhe. sul.se.,uent an, future meetin.r ..f the sai.l corporath.n or of the common councir of the sd.^ ..rpor,U.on res,.et.vely, m or.l..r to pr.>serve an indifferent r..t..tion of the s..v..ra. offics" p^.-si,:; tnat .If ami c\ery the ,M.rs.,n an.l p,.rsons, momhern of the said common co.mcil for the time k-intr and no o her, l.e.„,. present at such nu-etin,., shall s,.verally and resp..ctively in th.-ir turns lide at' he meet.n«. w .h shall r.ou. titne to time 1... h..l.l of the sL ....rpo.Jlion, or'^f the co.™ ^^ u sa..l ....rporafon resp..ct.vely : and in case any douht or ..uestion shall at any tin.e arise touchin.or c .! ,,. eern ng the r.ght of any meml.r of the sai.l co.nmon eo.uu.il to pn-si.le at any meeting of 1 t. dc co presi-hrot'the'^dr' *'"' ."" '"'"''" "' *''" "'"'' ''""^'""" '■°"°^'' '>--« -'-''d in the offices of Tc If '';'"'"■ "* ^■'""■'""" "*■ tl-'-mn.on ..ouncil of the said corporation, shall comtmrn Zncli" n l' '''"■T"" ''' ''"" "' '" "'"' ''''^ "^ ""^ "'''^*'"«« "^ ^^^^ «""' corporation, or of the a dial , ",r '"f^"""""' "'" i"-'''-t '"■ cl.air„.a„ for the tin... l.eiuK, shall Lave a voice X d r^ :: It t"^' " " r""' "^' '""^ ^'^ '"'^""^'^"■'" -^ °' ^"^ —--.011 .. t.. . ^ th . inl sh i " ' ;• '" "" "' ""^ '"'"""^^ "' ^"*''«' ^''^^ -'^' »^--'-»t ..r chairman for int um. Deinj;, sliaif have a casting,' vote. u.mmon council of th.- ....1 corporation, .u-.,n..mk.r of the sai.l cmmon c.uncil or corporation, l.y us by lace as lie shall appdint, (o 113 theHfe presenU appointed, or hereafter fri)rntime to time to !>« elected and apjwinted in manner aforewiid, Hin-H-nxHwr shall have, take, or reteivc, directly or indirectly, any salary, fee, [jeniiiisite, benefit or profit whatsoever, Okt»iii<> for or by reason <>f his or their servinj; the said corporation, or common council of the said corporation, '' '''"'° "' or president, chairman, or common coiineil-man, or as iM'injja memlier of the said corporation. ciisrUirol And uiir will and pleasure is, that the said herein U'fore apis>int(!d president, chairman or common iWi. council-men, iH-foic he and fliey act respectively as sucii, shall severally take an oath for the faithful and due execution of their trust, to he administered to the president by the Chief Haron of our Court of Kxche(|uer, for the time beiui,', and by the president ot the said ci.r|H)mtion to the rest of the common council, who are hereby auilxirised severally and respectively, to administer the sime. 10 And our will and pleasure is. tlia all and every person and persons, shall Jiave in his or their own name or names, or in the name or names of any p.Tson or persons in trust for him or them, or for his or their UMietit, any place. ,,j!ioe, or .-mployment of profit, under the said corimration, shall be incapabh^ of beiiij,' elected a member of tlie said corporation ; and if any member of the said corporation durin}? micli time as hi- shall continue a member thereof, shall in his own name or in the name of any person or persons, in trust tor him or for his benefit, have, hold, .ir exercise, accept, possess, or enjoy, any „,n, may ho lib-wLs,. nKree.l to l,o eHfihlisI,,-! „nd conHrmorl by the Hiii.l u.-iiornl rneet.nK of tl.o sai.! corporation, to bo held an.l kept t,ext after the .a,ne nhall b.- reHr«>ctiv,.|y marlo. An.l whorean the gai.l corporation intond to Hoifb. a colony, and to n.ak.- a., habitation and nlanlu t.on in that part of ot.r provinr- ot Sonth-Carohna, in Ainerii-a. I,..r.in aft.-r .l.-s.-ribrd Know v'- that wo Kreatly d...sirin« th- happy .uroe*, of the naid corporation, f..r thrir f„rth,.r enconraK-.n-nt in accon.pl.sh.n^r «„ ..xcolieni a work havo of our aforesaid Kraee, ....rlain ktiuwled^^-and n.-r- n.otion .Mven and ^ranl...l by then., pre-ents. for n., ..„r hoirn and s>,.r...s,.rs do jrivo and ^.mnt to the said corporation an.l th,.,r s....c..H*,rH nn-i-r th- r-Hcrvat,o„, limitatio., an.l .l.vlaration, here,ifterejtp.-....,.,i, seven u.,.iivi.k..| parts, th.. whole in eiirht ...,n,.l parts t,. be .livided, of all .h,He lan.ls, .•,.,„,. rys and terrilories, sitnate ly.UKan.i U-inK i" H.atpart .,f S,.,„l,-('aroli„a, in A.nerica, which lies from the n.ost nor,l„.rn part of a' Htream or r.ver there, commo.ily calle.l the Savannah, all abm^ tl... sea coast to the soutluvani nnto the m..8t so,.thern stream ,.f a certain oth... u'r.-a( wal.^r m river ...11...! the Alatamalm. an.l westerly from the li.'ads of sai.l rivrs r.-s,HH-tively, in .lir.rr lin.-s t.. tl,-- ~ . • .. ; and all that sl.ar.-, ci.-euit.and precinct of land with.n the said iKiundaries, with theislan.ls mu Iviu^ opposite to M ast.-rn coast ..f the sa.d lan.ls, within twenty b-apt..^^ of the same, w^ , uiv . ,,. ibit.-.l alr.'a.lv,or settle.l by any anthority d.'rivedfromthecr..wnof({r.'at-Hritain: t..«r..iher with all the n.-i Is, ^r,-onn.N, hav...i«, ports, gnlfs an."l bays, mines, m well royal mines of H'l iind silver, as other rain, nils, pre.-ious stones, .|..arri..s, wo„ds rivers, waters, fi«hin>rs, as w.-ll royal tishin^'s of wha!.- an.l sturgeon as other Hshin-s, ,«arls, comrnodities' Ji.r.sdictKms, royalti.M, franchises, privil.'-.-s :,u,] pro-.-m.Miene.'s within th.- said frontiVrs an.l preein.t' thereof and thereunto, in any sort belonRin;,' .)r appertaining, an.l whi.'' ' l„tters patent may or can K'rant, an.l in as ampl.. manner an.l sort as we may or any of ,u. royal projjenitors have hithert.. granted to any company, Isi.ly politic or .-orporiite, or to any adv.'iilnr.T or adveotiin-rs, und.-rtak.-r or undertakers, of any dis.-overies, plantations or traffic, of, in, or unto any f..r..i-u parts whatsovr; an.l in as le>,'al and ample mann.-r, as if the same were herein particularly menti..n.).l an.l expressed : to have h.d.l. possess and enjoy, the said sev<:, iindivi.le.l parts, th.' whole into eiirht .-.pial [.arts, to be divide.! a aforesaid, .>f all an.l sinj,nilar th.- lan.J.. countri.-s an.l t..rrit..ri.s, with all and singular other the premises herein l.efore by these presents pranted or mentioned, or intende.1 to 1..- j^ranted t.. them, the ,siii.| eorpo- nition. and th.irsu.-cessorsf..rev..., for the better si.ppo.t .,f th.- sai.l .•.l.inv, to Ix- hol.h-i, of us, .on h.-irs an.l succ.«ssors, as of our honou^ of Hampt.m-curt, in ..ur county ,.f Mi.ldk-sex in fr.- an.l c..i.mi..n soccajje, and not in capite, yiel.iing, and paying ther.-f..r to us our heirs an.l siicc.ssors yearly fo.ev.-r the sum of four shillinsjs for every hun.lr.-.l aer.s of the sai.l lan.ls, wl,i.-h the sai.l crporati.m shall yr-mt demise, plant or settle the sai.l payment n.)t to c.m.n.-nce ,u- to U- m .d.-, until ten y.-ars aft.-r s,,,.!,' grant, demise, planting or settling: an.l to U- answer.-d an.l pai.l (.. us, o,.r h-irs an.l su.-.-essors, in ., manner and in such sp-oies of m-m.-y or not.-s, as shall b.MM.rr.-nt in payment, by proclamation from time t.. time, in our sai.l province of .South-Carolina. All which lan.ls, , tri.-s. t.rritori.-s an.l promises, hereby grant.-d .)r n..inioned,an.l iub-ndi-il t,, be grai.t.-.l, w.- .to by t rse p.-esents, make erect and create one in.l.-pendent and weparati- pr..vince, by the name .)f Georgia, l,y which name' we will the same henceforth be callcl. An.lthat all an.l every person or pers.ms, wl... shall at anv time hereafter inhabit or resi.j. within our sai.l province, shall be, oi.l ar.- hereby .leclarcl !<• !« fnv, an.i shall n..t be subject t« or be b..i.nd to oln^y any laws, .n-.lers, statuttss or c. ostitutions, which have been heivtofbie ma.Ie, ordered or enact..! by, f.)r. or as, the laws, .)r.l.-i-s, -latut.-s or const!' itions of our said pioviiu-.- of South-Carolina, (save an.l except only the in chief !' the iniliti-i, of m said provioee of (ie.ii-.'ia tl our governor for the ti.ne being of South-Car.. I iiia, i. ,aat.-nei Hereafter .u .hired ;) but shall be subj'ei-'t to, and bound to obey, such laws, or.lers. statutes an.! .-onstitulions as sliall from time to time be made onlered and enactejfnant ci ssors, in our or their privy eouncii, shall from ChiirtiTT.f theiiee forth he in full fore*' and virtue within our said prnvinoc .tf (ieor^ia. And forusmuch as tlie ^ood and prosiMjrons ^ul•cess of the wiid colony cannot hut chiefly depend next under the hlehsinji ot (iod, and the i-upp. four royal authority, U|H>n the provident and gmKl direction of the wlu.le enterprise, an.l that it will too >{reat a l>urtheu upon all the niemliers of the said corporation to In- eonvened ho often a- may U tquiBite, to hold meetin),'^ for theHettlinj,', sup|)ortin(f, 10 ordering, and maintaininfj the said colony; therel.elonj,'iug to the said corporation iniiuch manner and wavii and hy such expenses as they shall think hest to conduce to the carrying on and eHectiiig the koimI purposes lien-in mentioi.-d and intended ; and also shall have full power in the name and on account of the said corponition, and with and under their common seal, to enter under any covenants or contracts, for carrying on and effecting the purposes aforesaid. And our further will aul pleasure is, that the siid common council for the time b'ing, or thv major part of such common council, which shall he present and assembled for that purpose, from time to time> -0 and at all times hereafter, shall and may nominate, constitute and appoint a treasurer or treasurers, secretary or secretaries, and such other officers, ministers and servants of the said corporations as to them or the major part of them as shall he present, shall seem proper or reijuisite for the good manage- ment of their all'airs : ain I at their will and pleasure to displace, remove and put out such treasurer or treasurers, secretary or secretaries, and all such other officers, ministers and servants, as often as they shall think fit to do so; and others in the room, office, place or station of liim or them -o displaced! reirioved or put out, to nomiriiite, constitute !ind appoiii' ; and shall anil may determine and ap|>ointi such reasotuihle salaries, perquisites and (» r rewards, for their hilwr, or service of such officers, servants and fjcrsous as to the said coiinnon Council shall seem meit ; and all such officers servants and jjersons shall, before the acting in their res|H!ctive otfices, take an oath to be to them administered by the chair- ;{0 man for the time l)eing of the said con\inon council of the said corporation, who is hereby anthorizeeing a mber of the said corporation, And we do further of our special grace, certain knowh'dge and mere motion, for us, our heirs and success ., grant, by these presents, to the said cor(iorution and their successors, that it shall be lawful for thtm and their officers or agents, at all finu's hereafter, to transport and 'onvey out of our realm of jrunt .-stiibliNli and ..r.lnin, tliiit forev.r li.-r.Niff.r, tli.-r.- xhtill U- u lilnTty of all |).r-.«)n!* inlial.itiiijx, or wliicli nlmll inliiiliit or Ui roHident within our nai.l jirovinw, and that all ■'u.-h jx^rm.nH, oxt'^pt pupistH, nIihII liav a fr.-.. excrciw. of n-liKion. HO fhey Ih> eontcntnl with flu- .ini.'t an.f piHu-euldo t'njoyincnl .f tin. nanii'. not Kivinjf otri'iic.- or Hcnndal l«» the Knv»'rninfut . Anil our furtli.T will ami pleaHun- is, and w,- .1,. lu-r.-l.y l..r u^ our hcirn ami su« lawful for tin- Naid oornni.m council, or llio major part of Iht'in asuTidilcl f.T that pnip.w, in thfiiain.' .niif corporation, ami iimlcr lli.. .•.iniu.in *<'al. to .list rilmte, convey, iDtniKn ami «*tov«'r «ueli particular portions of lands, tfiifnu-nts ;ui.l hen-ditaim-nls hy tlics,. pr.'s<.nts j,'ranttHl to the naid corporation, unto mich ..ur hiving' KuliJcetH, nutinal Ihuu, d.-ni/.cns .ir otli.TH that ^llall !..• willing; tolifcme .Mir Hiil.).>cfs, and live un.l.T our all.-^jiann- in the Naid colony, u|ion nnch terms aii.l for su.'li etitatei^, and upon such rents, reservati.nis and conditions as th.- .^iine may U- hiwfully (,'raiili .1. and km to the said common c.tuncil, or the major part of them ho prcM-nt. shall setin tit iiml pr.iptr. Provided alwavH that no >friint!« shall Im- made of any part of the naid latids unto any pernon, lieinga memlx-r of the said corj.oration, or to any other jiers.-t in tnwt, f.)r the Iwnefit .>f any metnlier of the said corfM)rnli»n ; and that n.i |)erson having any estate ..i interest, in law or cpiii v. in any part of the said landn, hIiuII Ih- capal.l.' of iH-iny; a memtier of the sai.l corporal i^.ti, durinj^ the continuance ..f such estate or intereot. Provided also, that fio greater cpiantity of lands Im- jjranted, either ent .rely ..r in parcels, to or for the use, or in trust for any one person, 'han five hundr.-d a.res ; and that all^nints made contrary totlw true intent and ineaniu),' hen.if, shall \>r ahs.dutely null and v.iid. And we do herehy ^jranf and ordain, that such perstin or iHTsons, f.tr th.- time isin^ as shall he thereunto appointed hy the said orfKiration, shall and may at all times, and from time t.» time hereafter, have full power and authority to administer and ^ive tli.' oaths, ap(iointe.l l.y an act of parliament, nnide in the first year of the reij^n .>f our late royal fatlwr, to he taken insteail .if the oaths of allejfiance and supremacy ; and also the oath of abjuration, to all and every person and pt-rsons which Hhall at any time l)e inhahiting or residinj; within our said colony ; and in lik ■ cases to administer the solemn affirmati.ni to any of the persons commonly calleil .pmkers, in such manner as \,\ the laws of our realm .>f (treat 3" Britain, the same may he administered. And we d.t, ..f our further f^race, certain knowledge and mere m.Ui.m, Rrant, esfahlish and ordain, for us, our heirs and successors, that the sai.l corporation and their successors, shall have full power and authority, for and durinj; th.- t.rm .,'iveand grant full p.iwcr iuid autli.uily, from time io time, I., administer oaths for the discovery of truth in any matter in ersons conummly callcl .piakers, in such manner, as hy the lawsof.mrrealni.it Great -Britain, the same may h.- administ.-red. And our ftuther will and plwisure is, that the said corporal i. in and their successors, do fr.un time to time, and at all times hereafter, register or caus«- U> Ik- registerer of tlit- piaiitiilion tor OirrAaio the titn«' U'inj;, or liin di'iJiiiy, "UhI hIho to our Hurvi-yoi liir tin- titnt- Iwiiig of our »iiitl proviiui' of South- Ciiroliuu; to whom wc do licreliy ^jrnnt ♦\ill |K)Wi'r iiiil uutliority t'ron» tiuif to tinu-, an oflfii uh m-til i'bnrt«rof nliall rt'<|uirf, to iiiH|H')'t. and Hurvi'V, ttucli ot tin- said land' and preiui^-H, aH - lio hcrfl)y dwliire, to In* itit<'iid»>d to nnc«rtnin tilt' tpiitri'iil-i wliii'li shall from tiiui- tn tiin.' iMMnmt' dm- to un, onr lu'irH and succc-inorn, aeconlinjj to th« rt'Hcrvation hen in hcforr int-ntiont-d, and tor no itluT jiuriMwcH whatwH-ver ; h«'r»'l>y for uh, our heirn and ■ucct'HHors, Htrictly i-njoininn and conitnundinK, that ntithtr onr or their ^urvfyor, or any (i«>n«>n whatno- 10 ever, )in(h'r the |»retext and colour of making the ^aid Hiinev or inHfx elion, i.hall take, demand or reeeive, any )j;rMtnitv, fee or reward, of or from, any perHon or perMons, iiihaliiliiij,' in the wiid eolony, or from tho Niid cor|)i>ration or common coui.cil of the same, on the pain of forteiture of the Miid otfiue or otticeH, and incurriiijf oin' liiKhesI displianure. I'rovided alwavs, and our further will and pU-aMure is, that all leases, ({rants and conveyaiiC'S to he made liy or iu the name of tlitt said i'or|Miration, of any hindK within the said province, or a memorial containinj^ the Hulwtance and etTrot thereof, Hhall he rei^isUTeil with the auditor of the said plantations, of us, our heirs ami successors, within the space of one year, to Ih- eompntfd from the date thereof, olherwi>e the same shall 1m! void. And our further will and pleasure in, that the rents, issues and all other profits, which shall at any time hereafter ei>iiie to the said corporation, or the major part of them which shall U- present at any 20 meeting for that purpose assemhleii, shall think will most unprove and enlar^je the said colony, and liest answer thej^ood purpiMcs herein liefore inenlioued, and for ilefrayin^j all other charges uhout the same. And otir will and pleaHure is, that the said corp iration and their Huccessors, Bhall from time to time irive in to one of the principal secretaries of state, and to the commissioners of trade and plantations, accounts of the profrresH of the said colony. And our will and pleasure is tliat no ai'l done at any meetiuf^ of the said common council of the said corporation, shall Im^ elfeclual and valid, uidess eight memliers at least of the said common coimcil, iiicludini; the memher who shall serve m chairman at the said meeting, \te present, and the major part of them consenting thereunto. And our will and phasure is, that the common council of the saiil corporation for the time lieing, or ;U) the major jiart of them who siiall he pres.'Ut, heing assemliled for that purpose, shall from time to time, for, and during, and unto the full end and expiration of twenty (ine years, to commence from the date of thcBe our letters patent, have full jK>wer and authority to nominate, make, constitute and commission, ordain and appoint, hy such name or names, style or styles, as to them shall Im- meet and fitting, all and singular such gov.rnors, juilges, magistrates ministers and officers, civil and milit4iry, hoth hy sea and land within the said districts, as shall hy them he thought tit and neey law required to do; and shall givegiuxl and sufficient security for ohserving the several acts of parliament relating to trade and navigation, and to observe and obey all instructions that shall l« sent to him by us, our heirs and successors, or any acting imder our or their authority, pursuant to the said acts, or any of the,n. And we do hy these i>resents for us, oiu" he^rs and successors, will, grant and ordain, that the said corporation and their successors, shall have full ^wer for and duiing and until the full end and term of a (I II 118 Sri'Pl.KMKNT TO THK Ontaiiio AlTKNDIX. Chnrtar of Hwirgis — 17.12. twenty-one yean, U, commence fro.n the date of then^ our letters patent, >,y any <.«„nnuno«, from time to time ap,K,i„te{, .-oiKiuermj,' or annoyiiijr of our said col.my. An.l our will an.l ph-asure is, an.l we .lo hereby, for uh, our heirs an.l stu-eeHsors, declare and ^rant, that the ^..vernor an.l conunan.ler-in.hief of the pn.vince of South Carolina, of us, our heirs and su.-cess.,rs, ...r the t„ne U-in^f, shall a. all times hereaft.-r have the chief con.mand .,f the militia of our sa.. prov.nce, hereby erect... 1 an.l ..stablishe.l ; an.l that su.-h militia shall observe an.i olH,y all orders •>„ and d.r.H.t...ns, that shall Gou. to tim.- In- .Mv.-n ..r sent t., then, by tl... sai.l «..ver,..,r ..r cmmander-in- " eh.et ; unyth.nK ... these pn-sent^ iK^fi.re containe.! to the contra.y h.-reof i,. a..y wis.. n..twithst.m.linK. A..d. of .H.r special K'rac, certni.. k....wUMl«,. an.l mer.. motion, we have ^iven and granted, and by thesepr..sents tor,. s,.,ur heirs ..n.ls..ccesH..rs,.h,j,ive ,.n,l ^ra-.t, ..nt« the sai.l corp..ration and their succ..ssors lull ,K.w..r an-l authority to im,K,rt a.,d .«port their kou.1s; at an.l fn.m .my port .,r ports that shall be app.,...t«l by ..s. our heirs and m.ccessors, will.i,. the s..i,l province of ({..orL, for That purpose, w.tl.o.,t !«..,.« obliged to t..»ch at any other port in S<,utl.-Carolina. ♦ h. ..'If- *'."•'"' '!•■.."""'■ f""'""' *""" ""' ""' '"■*^'' "'"* •'"-"*"'r^ -ill '""' 'l-lHre, that from ,in.l after he ter .. ..at.on o ,h.. na.d t.-r.n ..t twenty-one years, such f.,r... of K'..ver....,....t and .neth.Kl of maki-.g the .nhalutan ts ther...., shall .. ..s.ablish...l an.l oUerv...l within the same, as we. our heirs an-l s. ccessors, shall l„.rea»leror.lain and ap,.,i„t,a...l shall In, .,Kre...ibly t., law; ,»..! that fro,,- and after the ,let..rm...at.on ..f the sai.l term of twe..ty-..n.. years, the gove.-..or ..f our s.u.1 provi,.ce ..f Ueorgi... and all offi.-ers m.l a...l mil,t..ry, wit hi,, the same, shall fn.m time U. ti.ne \n> no.ninate.l an.l .-onstituU.I and ap|M..nfe.l by us, o..r h..irs an.l successors. ' An.l histly, we.h. h..r..by, for ..s, .,„r heirs an.l ...ccessors, grant unto the sai.l eorjH.ration and their successors, that these ....r l..tters patent, or the enr..l,n..nts ..r exe...pliticatio,.s thereof, shall be i,. and by all th.ngs K'KKl, hrm, vali.l, s,.ffi,.ient, an.l effectual in the law, according to the true intent un.l mean.ngther.,o,, a..d shall Ik. tak..... ..o,.stru..d a...l ...li...lge.l, ,i c.n.rts L els,.where i„ he ,n" favo.,rahle an.l lK...e.,c.al s.. , an.l for th.- Ik-s, a.lva...ag.. of the said corporation an.l their successors .,o nlThZli.,';'" '" ''^""'*"" '" "'"■•" »'""»^ -•'"^— r to the contrary, in anywise rn wifiess we hav.- ci.u,e.l these o.,r lefU-rs to In- made ,«tent: witness ourself at Westminster the ninth day .d J.m.., in the tifth year of our reign. By writ .)f privy-seal. (X)OK« 110 OFFICIAL COKKKSPONDKNCK HKTWKKN THK FORRION OFFICE AND THE COLONIAL OFFICE, AM) HKTVVEKN THE IMPERIAL GOVERNMENT AND SIR EDWARD THORNTON, 1877-8. TlIK FoHKION OKKJCB TO TIIK COLONIAI, OrKICK. Foreijjn Office, April 5, 1877. Sir, I iun (lirwUMl liy tli.- Earl of D«irhy to st«t<' to you, for the information of tho Earl of Ciirniirvon, that His Lonlship *nt a telugrai:. on tiie 3nl inBtant to Sir E. Tl.ornton, authorininK him to 10 procml to tlanuda for a f..w.iayH, with reference to tho arbitration on the Iwundary of the Province of Ontario. I am, &c., J. PAUNCEFOTE. The Uniler Secretary of State, Coloniiil Office. 8(n>Pijn(nrr TO Till Omtabio Al'I'KNDIX. Official C«u tho Impoml Oovemmont Mwanl Thornton— 1877-8. •■ if 30 Tub FottBiON Ofhob to the Cownial OrricM. Foreign Office, July 4, 1878. With reference to Sir J. Pauncefoten loiter of the 5th of April, 1877, I am directed by the Mar.,uis of Salisbury to re,,,.eHt that you will inform Sir M. H. Ut«ich that a teleRram ban been tt.hlreH«'.l U. Her Majesty-H MiuiHter at WaHhingt^n, aulhorining him to go to Ottawa, an he proposes, on the 8tl, inHtant,ou business connected with the U.tmdary l^tween Ontario and the Domnuon of ('anada. , , I am, (xc, T. V. LISTER. The Under Secretiiry of State, Colonial Office. rnelf at WentminHter the 30 Thk Foreion OrrioK to thb ('olonial Opucb. Foreijipn Office, July 2fi, 1878. Sir, 40 With reference to Mr. Lister's h-tter of th.« 4lh instant, I am directctl by the Marquis of Salisbury to transnut to you. ... Ik- lai.l In^fore Her Majesty's Secretary of State for Uje Colonies, for hi. information, the aecompanyiuK copy of a despatch fn.m Her Majesty's Minister at WaslunKton. stating that he did not avail himH,-lf ,.f the leave of absence Krunte.' to bin. for .he purpose of proceedmK to Ottawa .m the 8.h inntant, on Imsiness conntH.-.ed wi.h tho arbitration regarding the Huestiou of the unsettled Northern and Western Houudarics of the Province of OuUrio. I am, OCAS,, The Under Secretary of State, Colonial Office. \u iW 8dppi.iim«i«t Tti nil Obtariii Appeniiix, Olflniil (\jrro- ■liondrDre betwuon thn Fi)roi((n Offlca and the Coloniul Offlos and ti.twofn thn Ini|Hirinl Uovprnnjpnt nnd Sir Edwnrd Thornton — 1877-8. No. 21«. tao Sill K. Thornton to thb Marquis of SALisnuHT. Washington, My LoBi) .MARgois, "^"'j' ®' '^7«- On Mu- 2(;th nltimo I had the honour to ask your Ix.rdHhip l,y telegraph to ..rant me leave of ahsence .n or. er that I might go to Ottawa on the 8th instant (to-day) with reH-r n e to the Arh tra Ontar.o. Her A ajesty'« .S-cretary of State wan goo.l enough to grant me the necessary leave J had made tins request hecause I had been infonued l.y (he Honourable R VV Se..ff On the ovening of the 2nd instant, however, I received a teleLrr«m frnm Vf, « ♦. Since tnon I have not received any communication from Mr. Scott. I iiave, &c.. The Marquis of Salisb.iry, '''"'''"" Thornton. &c., ic, &c. 20 No. 2:{6. My Lorp, Sir Kdwari) Thornton to thb MAiQnia or Salisrdry. Newport, .July 29, 1878. I have the honour to inform y..ur I^.niship that the Secretary of State of the Dominion of Omada has announced to me that the meeting of the Commission L settling the Nor h r "- N^^es em i^,uudan.. ot Ontario, which had been postponed, will take place on the' Ut of x m, t and has expressed te .les.re of the Canadian Government that I sh. ( Ih- present at the meeting I shal therefore avail myself of the permissiou grante.l „ae by H<.r Majesty's Secretary ..f •,() State and n.ten.l to start to-morrow for Ottawa, leaving Mr. Victor Orummon.l. Kirat Sell t.. tins l..gat.on, as Her Majesty's Charg^ d'Afluiren during my absence. ^ I liave, Ac, The Man.ui. of Salisbury, K.<5., '''''^^"'* THORNTON. Sn:., itc, &c. Thk Korkion (»KKUi to thb Colonial Orricn. Foreign Office, Sib, August l«, 1878. With reference to my letter of the 26th ultimo, I am directed by the Marouis of Salisburv ""' to ^ansm.t^to you. to 1. laid iK-fore Sir M. U. Reach, a copy ..f a -lespa,.... tVou. ll^M 1 1 M 7r at Waslungfm, respecting the Ontario Houndary Arbitration. ^ The Under Secretary ot State, Colonial Office. I Ft^^Uii-utia's^ii^a^a^s '•^'"'^'^^^^^ ^' ' ff f mimmm^^.m '^ 121 Kdwabd Thobnion. SiH Edwabii Tiiobnton to the MAiiguis of SALisBrnv. No. 241. Waahinpton, AiiRUKt 9tb, 1878 Mt IjOBI), With reference to my ilespntcli, No. 2:ili of tlie 2})th ult., I liaVe the honour to inform your Ix>rdship that I left Newprt for Ottawa dii the :U)th ult. ; iMr. Victor Drumraond remaining as Her Majesty's Cliarge (rAtraires during my absence. Tlu; Commission, of which I was a member, for deciding upon tlie Western and Nortlurn Boundaries of the province of Ontario, lias come to a imani- 10 mouH agreement, and has signed its decision, so that liaving performt^l the tusk which was assigneil to it, it has dissolved. I have to- the Dominion of Canada, and those constit»t«l by this Act,-each of the now existing electoral .listricts remaining constituted and represented as it now is, except in so far as it may Ik, altered by ,h. follo-HnL- provision of this Act, that is to say :— ^3 louo.iat, ONTAHlO. The settlements westward of the Provisional District of Tliunder Bay and eastward of the Kl-ctoral Dis nets of Manitoba, shall, pi-nding the adjustment of the iK.un.kries, Ix, and the same are l.erebv made part of the Electoral District of Algoma. ^ ^ 3,, L'il -■■3«f5>iS«w»«6j*-« ACT, J3 (iKOKOK III., CAP. I.IH (l«0.1). HiH Lorilwliip wiyn tlml llio immi'diaU" eaiim- tWi ,.,. ,^ „-^ l,V one L.iin..tt.. in tl.r viriuity of Likr Atlml.aM.. II. .l.-scril..-. tl v....t as follown:- TllK I'ASSIN'd OK TllK Hi iiiKimKr Tt) TllK OMTAIIIii ArrKMiiiz. HiH Lordsliip HttVH tl.ut I i..' imim..liat.. eaum. tor 1 1,.. ims.uKc t.f t li. Art w.u, tl.o hIiooUhk of ono KinR ,^^^ — ^^ - - - - • ... .1.1 r.A\^t„^, — Hfllkirk »« to till- UeftKonii " In the winter of 1 «()l-2, Mr. .lol.n MdMnal.i maimu..! tl.. atVairs of tlu- oUi North-WoHt Company p''„;„,,,.. i„ „,.. Artliahaska -ou^.tiy ; Mr, H.K.l...l,lav... tlios.. ..f tlu- n.-w .ouMany in the sanu- d.Htru-t Mr. W^.. Ac. McDonaM luul .nuh-r his c.nunan.l a oh-.k ..f th.- uan..- of Kin^s an ..x,..ruMa...d man, of a k 1 n.l iv.. charuct-r, and of a hercuh-an ti^ur... Mr. Uooh....la..-« assi.an, wa. '-""^ -'^ y;"";^^; ^ ^'*""' Lpectahh- Canadian family, of a spirited and aetive dispos.t.on hnt umch >-"«-•' "^ J ,„ rxli.-nc.. amon« the Indians, and not to h- c.-mpar...! ... Kin. in po.nt o personal strenjrl . In t w. 1 f the winter two Indians arrival as denuties fron. a hand with which Wh part.es had ha r..- Xs, to inf^-rn. the traders that they had f^.rs ready a, an en.unp.nen at -l^-- ^ ^^^ Ls' march Kinij was sent with four nu-n to coUec. thos.. .lue to the oh\ North-NN.st Company the fnrs except one l.un.Ue wh.oh was dehvered to 1. no. . , ^^,, ,,j^ ,,„„,.,, at his peril. Kin,, nevertheless, wan procee.hn, to pu ^ ^ ^ " ^ „^^„ ^„„,, „,,, vni." 124 ii'i mi. TO Till! Ontahiii Al-PKMUIZ. Iinporiiil Alt, U Oou. III. o»p. 83(1771), I.Mi'KHIAl, A(T, M (JK(» III., CAP. h:j (1771). An Act k.„, making moub kkkkcthai. I'm.vi.n.N k..u thk (>ov«nNMKNT .,k thk I'uov.NrK ..k (^,RnKr IN NOIITH AmBHICA. I'rmml'Ift. Th. Terriliirie», Ixlniiitii, An\''> "'" «^y'^' "'r^H'»»"'"tion. U,«ri,.« Daf th.. S^n-nth Day of OctolH-r, in tho 1 h.n \ ...tr of H.s K...«„, „,o„«ht lit tt, d.-clure th« ProviHionn whici, had Un-n ,„mi,. i.t renpect t,. certain <<.untr...H l..rnton..H, an.l l.lan.is in A,n..,i..a, cKle.l t., His Majesty l.y th- .l.-hnKiv Treaty of IVace oor.du.ie. a Pans ..nth.. Tenth Day .„|.V..rnary, .,,... ,h.,..an.l s.n-en htnulre.! an.l sixty-U:.!.. : Tn.l* «ler.as l.y heArranKemenlHnm.iel.ythe.sai.l K..yul Pn.elunmtion, u very lurKe Hxteuf ..f Cinntrv w.,h.„ whu-h then, were several .ol..ni..s „,.., .S..tt,..„...„ts ... ,1... Snhj.ets of Fntnce, wh.. ela n^ to' retnatn ther...n un.l..r th.. Faith .,f the saul Treaty, wan l.-ft. with.u.t a..y Provision l.i .,, 1, .11." ... ^^fITTZ " 1 ' '1':rr ^'""'" -' """ ^•'■^'""' ''-'^ "•• ""• ^-^-^ "♦• Canada" here ;:..l IWi ; . r. 1 '" ;"^'; '""■' '""' ""'•"' "" '■>• ^''« •""'••i-'^ "»• '''•-<"'' '"'-''itantH of the Hui.l J e „ , fV 'V" ;, r ''"■ <--'•""-'" ""T-f, were annex..,! ... the ~ ,;;v^:7r''1'"'"\ ^'"•"•^^*"^ "■ ''-^"'-'"""^ "'-"-''■"• -"• ^'- Nature of ..d. e,. .. v.; • '."'-'•"•' I'— ;-"• "...H, l.:x..dlent Majesty that i, „.ay 1. enaded ; and l« i. .Spi it llllT '"7 ,"'-"•"' ^''i.i-'y. l-y -..1 with .1... Advie.. an.i ,„,.sent of the Lor.l. Spn.tuala I len.,„.ral an.l Comn.ons. .,., h.s pre...n. Parl.a.n..nt asseml.h.d, a«,l l.> th.- Anthority of iH. sa... ,h., ,1, , .. T..r.ito.i.., |slan.ls, .n.l .........HeH in N..rth America. Llon,i4 t.. the Vo n Men Br.ta.n, l«.nn.h..| o.. M... s....,,. l.y a Lin., fro... ,h.. Hay of .•|ial.....s, al..,.«- tl Hi«h La...l w i Im. le the R.v..rs that .-..pty tl.e,ns..|ve. ,n,o the K...... Sa...t Ltw.... fr..... tl'.s.- which fail int. tl^ e ,.. medstheH,..., Sa.n. Law.e...... ; .r..n. thenc- up th.- Kastern Ma.tk of the sai.l Uiver t.. the Luk. ntar.o; thence , n.nKh the l.ke Ontario, an.l tl... Kiver co.n.nonly calle.l Niagara ; a..d th.-, ^ .t.rH.ct..l.y heN..,.,h..rn M,..u,.la.y, pant...! l.y .1... Charter ..f the P.ovince .,f IV..svlvanin in ease te H„,„.. Hhall 1. s.. .„ter.eet...i ; „n,l fr..,„ then. |.,n, the sai.l N.ir.hern an.l W.-s,..., H .'hrie minllak. ^Iml .... the t..un,| to U.S.. .nte..>....t..,l.,h..nfoll<.win>.th.. sai.l Hank nn.il i, sh,.II arrive ,.i 1 n.^ 1 , : ;"■' H '' T ":■ '" '"*■ "" ^-"'-^•-' '^"«'- «♦• tl- h.u.I |.r..vi„ce ; a...l al oJ he I ;;"•"; «"""''7-^' -• ""• -*'' ••••-ince. ..ntH it s.rik.. .he Uivr Ol.i.. ; a„.| along .h.. .Ir/r .?'"'''' •" ""• "'"^'^ "♦ ""• ^'---P|.i. .....! Nor.hwa...l ... the SonU.en. ...d also all M.ch lerr. ,.r,..s, l.la,..ls. an.l C.„.n,r.es, which have, since .he Tenth of Fehnntrv On. l.o..s.tnd s..v..n l...n.lr...l ....1 sixty-thn-e. ,. „.a.i.. Part ,.f tl... (»..vernn.en, .,f N..wf....n.lla . 1 t 1 t e.y are herehy, .inr.n« His Majesty's |.l..„.nre, annexed to, an.l n....l.. Part an.l I'arcel o • P .:.i ."':- .:^;:i:t"^^^ - • « ^ -^ - -'-^e ... I'r,.vi.l,.,l always an.l U. it enac.e,], That n..th.n« in .his Ac. cont«i..ed shall e.x.e,.,|. ..r 1.. conHtr«e to the Oovernor and other (Mvil (ynr»nio OfHcerf of the said Province, hy the (JrantH and CommiHsionH insued in Conseijiience thereof, have li«'n AfH«nun. found, upon Kx|«'rienee, to Iw inapp'icahle to the State and CircumHtances of tlie wiid Province, the Imperial Act, InhahitantH whereof amounted, at tiie ('on(ni,ft!icers thereof, be, and the same are hereby revoke.!, annulled, and made void, from and all. r the First Hay of May, One thousand s.-ven hundred and neventv-tive, liilinliilikntH iif QiH'lioc niity i.mIVhi Ilia llnmiali K.-liniiin, he And, for the more perfect Security and Kase of the Minds of the Inhabitants of the sjiid Province, it is hereby declared. That His Majesty's Subjects, pr..fessin>,' the Heli^'ion of the Chui-h ..f iiome, of and in m.i.j-m-j t., .1 the said I'rovince of (iuebec, may liave, hold, and enjoy the free exercise of the Religion of the (;inirch s.ipronmcy, of Rome, subject to the Kint,''s Supremacy, declared and establislu'd by an Act, made ip tlie First Vear of ';'^,'y^;Y' 80 the Rei({n of (^ueen Klizal)eth, over all the Dominions and Countries which tiiey did, or hereafter shoul.l, „,„i ,h„' Monfi to the ImiH-rial Crown of this Realm, and that the Clergy of the said Church may h..l.l, receive, ;;|;;W »''J<>y and enjoy their accustomed Dues and l{i((ht* with res,H.cl to such imtsous only as shall profess the said »'v»'ton.«l Religion. iv.vIhi.m. mnv 1* miulo liy II in MnJiHty Provided nevertheless, That it «hall Im- Lawful for His Majesty, Mis Heirs or Successors, to make such Provision out of the rest of tlie said accustomed Dues an.l Riwhts, for the Kncoura,,'em.-nt ot the Protestant R.-li^ion, and for the Maintenance and Supp<.rl of a I'rolestant Cler^^v within the saul Province, as he or they shall, from Time to Time, think necessary and expedient. f. r I ho H>i|i|uirl cif I'mliiilBnt Clersy- Nil prriKin |lt1ll<.h..f Outh therein mention.Ml, shall be obli^.M!, and is hereby re.|uire.l, to take au.l subscrilK- the tollow.UK , ^ Oath lH,fore the Governor, or such other Person in such Court of Recrd as His Majesty shall appoint, ' who are lierebv authorised to adiniiii-ler the same ; videlicet. I A. R.do sincerely promise and swear. That I will Ih- faithful, and Is'ar true AlleKiau.-e to His ho liiivi-nmr \>-. I 111! riillowing DhiIi. M-iiestv KiuL' Oeorunsand him will def.nd to the utm..sl of my power, against all trailerous Conspiracies, Th« Oaih. and Attempts whals.H.ver, which shall be ma.h- against His Person, Cn.wn, and Dignity ; and 1 will do my utmost Kn.leavourto discl.^e and make known to His Majesty, His Heirs and S.iecessors, a I'l reasons and trailerous Conspiracies, an.l Att.-mpts, whi.h 1 shall know to Ik* aK'ains, Him. or any ..I I h.-m ; and 40 all this I .h. swear with.mt any lviuiv..cali..n, mental Evasion, or secret R..servati..u, an.l renouncu.K all Pardons and Dispnsations from any Power or Person whomsot-ver to the C.mtrary. So help me (iOD. And eve^y such Person, Who shall m'^loct ..r refuse to take the sai.l Oath Iniforc menti..n...l, shall incur J'-;-^ ^^ and be liabh- to the sain.' Penalti.-s, F..rfeilure8, Dis:ibilities, and Incapacities, as he w.aild have lucurre.l oath k. b. and l«en liable to for ncKh-cting or refusinK t.. take the Oath re.iuin.l by the said Statut., passed in the -'0-'^^°'^; First Year of the Reign of Qwvu Elii«al)eth. A.-. \ rati. 1 1 ■yji fill 41 > UtrriMnrnT ■ni THK Ontahio AlTKNIlIH. Impcriiil Act, 14 Ort, III. C4|>. N.'l (1774). His MiijtHtty'N i'HiiitilinD (roliKiuui Ordiin • xri'ptwl) nwi^ liuld hII thuir (KiMiciiiiiunii, •nil in nmrivn of Ciiiilro- rony, lii'iinrt (o lia hiul til th« Inwii uf CnniidH for the dfoition. Nut to exieml lo [.rfimli Kranlwl l>y Hill Majimty in Common Owners of Kooda mity nli*)niit<> the •niiii' hy will, &,-. if exuruted Bcoinlinjf to t hu Lit we of Canaila, Crimiiml l.dw of Kii|{lnnJ to bo I'on- tinuud in thp Prorinc*. Hie Majeetj may appoint a Council for the affiiira of the Provinoi"; which Council mny make Oniinancee, with conernl of tlie Oovfmor. 12(1 l«i..K, l.y a„,l with ,1,.. Ailvi.; ami .•...." .^ ". '"• ^' ■"'";-'■- in Cln.r; ,or,h« Tin.,. .M«n..Hr lu,r«i.mf...r .,...,., l-K.^Lns. ( ot.nnl .., „,.. same, ,n 1. ap,,..i„,..l i„ ProvidtHJ aiwuvH, That ii.ithiiii; ill IhiH Act ntiifaiii...! «1 v. i i an.l .S»cce.s.sorH, f.. 1... |,.,|,|,.„ i„ <>.... ai„| ..o,„,„..i. Hoc-HKe. ' •'" '' "'" """■•* I'rovitl.'d aU), tliaf it sliall and mav lie lawful »,. •.•..i ♦• . ■> in hi. or her l^ifj-tin.... l.y . • o s .'l i 1 l" "' .""•''' "'" ""' '•"•"'•^' •"'"''-' ^ ^'-"^i^ death, ly hin or her lalt W 1 1 it I'.a '• urT' " '•'^^^'T. " '"""""" ""' ^ ' '^^ '^ ^ '- ^» according ... ... Law. ..t ...lada. or a.ord.n.i .„. .;.... ,:::;t^ ;.;H!:.:::::;;"^::;r"' -^"- And whereaH the (Vr.ain.v ainl rmn'tv ,,f ti. /< • • ■ • Advant^. resnitii, tv...,. .i. [,:::;. l::z::j!:::::;:;t. ;;:* ,^;S;;:it ;" "r"'"^- -"" ... ".ore .han Nine Years, .luring which it han l.en uniforndy ui „ ni re i ' " ;" ■'"''"'"'""• by the Au.hority aforesaid. That the same s( e-.n.in to I . 7 '''^ Law in the I'rovince of qu.W, «« «,.|1 in. ".In.n.iH.ere.i a, dl U- .....served as of IWention an.. Trial ; d' t u „ L ' "'' 'k' T '^"""^ '"' """ '"'■*""" "^ '" "'" ^'"•' every ...lier IM.e ..f Crinin I Ir^r^ T ^T '''''''' '""""••' "' "- '•-^■'•' ' "f «aid I'r.,vinee l.f..re the Ve ..i .!,:\ ""■''' '"« •''7'"' -'"•'• ->i'l -. nt-Vh. prevail in the 3„ tlds Ae. t.. .he Contrary th r f i . y Z^LTL'I^IT T''' \ "'"' '•''''"" = ""^ ''''""« "' Hn.l A,„en.ln.en..s as ..... (n.venr 71^1'. ';'''' ""•"■"' ""^'•'""•'- tu such Ahetalions -Hi wi.h t..e Advice. (^..s;.:::n :^ ti^:(::;;;;:-;:;;::Ti' r '■' "'";'• •^■^ •"" •'- '^-k. •. «..a.i .... Time ... Tin.... can. to ,. ^ ..::;::.!:;;::::';;::;:.' i;':;;;.;:;::''-' •^<'"^-'' (iov™.:t::;^ci:::;.;r:^:;:r';;:';r •• ^ 'r^:^':'""^ '^"- •"•• -^ •• ^^•■"^ - .n..d. I,e.ay and I nv.-i. .. . . •,, T!:"; :'"*'' "'7"" ""« ''- »'"—', n..r, with.,.., -" ■'."'.•' F.,.r K...ri.. , i,!,^ ..;,::; ;':;;;r:;f ;''''' ::"""^"^' '^'^ « -^'^i- Time. .•ail an Assemhly ; 1... i, ,heref..re ena...e.i l.v tl • .. i" "'ei '^ "' '"■'""" "'•■M"-li.-..< ... His Maiesly. ui Heirs an., StiecesJ: ' Wa nf h:'^:; r^; j '^^ 'l ^"";;. """ "'"^ ''" •-^" '^■. 40 guelrt-e, ... c.nsiH. of such IVis..ns r..si.l..i>( .1.. .. . . . -., '*"""^»' "» th.- IV..vi!.<.. ,.f "^ l.iH Maie«.y, his Heirs an.. sZ:::' 1 : Z '7: ' T""' J''""' ""^ '" ""'" ^•-"••■<■■'• A.,sence of any of the Mend.rn of H. sa ,■.,..• : "'''' ' \'""'' "'!"" "'^ """"'. '''-"-al, or BO many other Per..,,, or l.ers..ns as , . • '; .P r!';''*:. '" ^'""^"':"" '""• "»•'-"• -•' an,, ... Hppoint..d and nominate... ..r ,|„. m, ,. Z , ^ 7 ■\ m '""7 '" ^ '"aj..r lar. .|,er,.,.l. shall hav.. |'..w..r aii.l AtKltotilv ... makJ 197 jtwty'g rnnndiiiii Huhjccfn, >'pt<'(|, limy iiIko hold hikI ifivc HiiTfto, anil nil other '•M'laiimtioii, ( 't)iniiiisHi(>nn, iiHisf with th.ir Allft;iam-c ; aii hf a|i|Hiintfd in ii- at hiH or lii-r 21) •lof'ori' or now pn'vailiujj II Ininx t'Xfi-ntfd, either kwnof Kiifrland. I» and lh<- UfnelitH and iitf, troni an Kx|)crifn(f thiTf Ibrf t'lMtlicr fimctfd "id hIiiiII Ik- o!)served as ■f'fiicf as in Mif .Mfthod tfd to tiie Kxeliihion of "' mit'ht prevail in the ^o ixty I'oiir; any Thin^ in •If-'i* to Huch Alteiations f'-r Ihf time Leinjr, \,y ■r.-afi.t tolie a|j|)ointed, fd. "If Welfare and ^„i»\ • fi'i-hfeii, nor. without y. '"r n ivrtain Time, [•rfsfiit infX|M'dient to I "iiid may he liwfulfoi ^j *!>,'" Mitiiual, and with irn of the Provmee of or IfsM limn Seventeen. !'<• I'falli, Kcnioval, or Htid npjHiint xiuh and aneifs; whieh t'onncil, i"l Aillhoiity to make '« V 1 OrdinnnceH for the Poacf, Welfare, and jjnod Government, of the said Provinee, with llie ronK«nt of ![iR 8i'i-rijiMn< Majesty'H (lovernor, or, in liin alinenee, of the l.ieutenant-jjovernor, or Commaniler in ("hief for the onxahio Time being. Ai'i-mmn, Provided always That nothinj^ in this Act contained nhall extend to anthorise or im|Miwer the Haiti '"'P"""' *•*• Iiicli lown or Pistnci. I'ui.lick rouUn or buiUlingii 10 Provided also, and U' it enacted iiy the Authority aforcsuiil, i'hat every i Irdinance no to U- made oic.-piwl, shall, within Six Months, U- transmitted hy the (fovernor, or, in his Alteemre, by the iiieutenant>(iovernor, mmlr to b« or ('ommander in Chief for the Time lieinj,-, and laid U'tore His Majesty for his Koyal Approbation ; and 'll'' ''•fpf" if His Majesty shall think tit to di -How thennf, the same shall cease and he void from the Time for Hia that His Majesty's Order in Coiinc*. •.; ereupon shall lie promnl^ated at liueliec. (jr^TiIi'nwr"" Provided also, That no Ordinance tonchin^' Heli^ion, or hy which any Punishment may he inflicted Hplinion not greater than Fine or Imprisonment for Three Months, shall he of any Force or KtVect, imtil the same ',^'jj^["„",' {','"" Hhall have received His Majesty's Appndiation. Miyentji Appmbiition. Provided also, That no Ordinance shall he passed at any Meetinj^ of the t'oiincil where less than a wh.n Majorityof the whole Council is present, or at any Time except hetween the Fiist Day of .lanimry and "^'j^i''''^,'^'''* '20 the First day of May, unless upon some urj^ent Occasion, in which Case every Meinln'r thereof resident panHixl by « at QucIkc, or within titty Miles thereof, shall he personally summoned hy the (iovernor, or, in his """J"" y* Absence, by the l.ieutenant-tiovernor, or Commander in Chief for the Time beinn, to attend the Bame. And lie it further enactwl by I he Aiithority aforcoaid. That nothing,' herein coutuine^ Parliament of (ireat-Hritain heretofore matle, for prohibit ing, restrniniiiK, or regulating, the Trade of l.er..by C.mimerce of bis Majesty's C-'lonies and Plantations in America; but that all and every th.' siiid Acts, i,°^','"„'1i,„ and also all Acts of Parliament heretofore made concerniiiK or respecting the said Colonies and Planta- I'roTimo. tions, shall Ik-, and are hereby declared to be, in force, within the saiti Province of Queltec, and every mrt thereof. 30 ' 11 If ■*' t ill p IIIH "~^"1 12!t AUliiliONS AND (OIMIIA TIOX8. Page 1, lino 21, reirf willii'K. i:t, " 2 ttiid a:», after Elir*'* li, f " Oiilii !>u» w«« |>riiil«;d : I'Ul of umntr (1hi i IS, livt lino, rtad 1703. 18, Hue B, r«i. " b fnmi fixit, rf/ii/fouml. 80, " 10, n/<«f «■ igli, i"»«<»o<>iiiiii». 89, " «, fcf/t.if !!(c nler,/<.r»i'mic Inn nUntif"'' comma. 38, •• 10 from ( .l, aJUr .viuMiHi;, oini* oomnu. " 1(1 fr>ni fiHil, Tttul llfiru*. 1)8, liWt lin'. o/Jer cliart.T, i)i«r( p :i7, "»'«■ 100, liua 4 fr.tin fot>(, rtad any. (Niile* tioin," fri>m whicli tbii copy alluUlJ lio IdilKllIlk RiirrLKHrinr TO ri>ii OKrARin ArrnNUii. Asion to .Inlni Caliot, citizen of Venice, ami Louis Sel>astian and Sanctius, his sons, ami to th.-ir heirs iv.ul dciuities, hy which he ^nve them " full authority, privi- lef,^e, and power to sail to all ports, re-ious, ami bays of the eastern, western and northern seas under ou" banners, standards and insignia, with live ships or vessels, of wluitever bunlen or (piality they may be, and with so many and si.cli sailors and men as they may choose to take with them in their said ships at 'their own proper expense and cliarges, to find, discover, or explore whatever islands, countries, regions, or provinces either of Gentiles or infidels in wliat.'ver part of tlie world situated liave hitherto been unknown to all Christian people." It is said tlm> under this char.-r Cabot sailed along the coast of North America from the SCth to 581h degrees of north latitude and touched at Newfoundland, wliich he named Primit Vidd. Foster, in his " Voyages of Discovery in the North," says that in 1.562 Hugli Elliot and Thomas Ashurst, Merchants of Bristol, obtained letters patent from Henry VIII. for the establishment of colonies in the countries newly discovered l)y Cabot, but we have no information whether they ever made use of this permission or set on foot any voyag(>s in consequence of tlieir grant. There are manv accounts extant which mention that since tlie year 150-i tiie French from Normandy anl Bretagne and the Spaniards from Biscay, as also tlie Portuguese, used to carry on the cod fishery on these banks of Newfoundland with a great number of sliips. These fisheries nnist therefore have been carried on at least '$2 years without tlie Englishmen having t!- • least knowledge of it. Page 291. In the year 1584 an Act was passed in the reign of Edward VI. for the better direction of the fisheries in Iceland and Newfoumlland,prohibitiiig tlie exaction of money, fish, or other rewards from English fishermen and mariners going on this service. Richard Hackluyt, in 1587, savs that a sea captain, Anthony Parkhurst, gave an autlientic account of the cod fishery in the vicinity of Newfoundland, by whicli it appears that fifty English ships were there employed in this fishery. For tlie same purpose there used to co.ne 100 Spanish ships, 20 or 30 of wliich were engaged in the whale fishery only, and there were about 50 Portuguese ships engaged in the cod fishing and about 150 Kivneli ships, chiefiy from ]5retagne. No successful attempt had been made by France or England to colonise any part of Nortli America, and the doctrine ,.f public law.vhich the English Government rec(.gnise.l is thus laid down by Elizabeth. When :\Iendoza, the Spanish ambassador, remonstrated agiinst the expeditions of Drake, Queen Elizabeth replied that "she did not understand why either her subjects or those of any other Christian Prince should be dc>prived of the traffic in the Indies ; that as she di.l not acknowle.lge the Spaniards to h .,ve any title by the donation of the Bishop of Bome, so she knew no right wliicli they had to any places other than tliose they were in actual possession of, but that tlieir having touched here and there upon a coast and given names t , a few rivers or capes were such insignificant things as could in no wise entitle to a propriety further than any parts where they actually settle,! and continued to inhabit. -Camden s "Annals" 1530, page .360. Uh <■■ 'rail Viittel says : '■ Puf it is r|uest.ioned wlietliiT a nation can l)y the bare act of taking possession appropriate to itself coinitrii^s wliicli it does not really occupy, and tlius onijross a iniieli larger extent of territory than it is ihlo to people or to cultivate. It is not diflieult to determine that such a pretension would be an infringement of the natural rights of man and repugnant to the views of nature, which hath destined the whole earth to the supply of the common wants of mankind in general, and gives no nation a right to appropriate a count ry except for the purpose of making use of it, and not of hindering others from deriving advantage from it. The law of nations will therefore not acknowledge the property and sovereignty to a nation over any uninhabited countries except to those of which it has really taken actual possession, in which it has formed settlements, or of which it makes actual use. In effect, when navi- gi' ---s have met with desert countries in wliich those of other nations have either had in their transient visits erected some monuments to ghow their having taken possession of them, they have paid as little regard as to the regulations of the I'opes who divided a great part of the world between the crowns of Castile and Portugal."^" Law of Nations," liook I, cap. xviii.. Sec. 207-8. Puffendortr, in his "Law of Nature and of Nations" says: "This rule therefore for settling the disputes between the two claimants has been agreed upon, namely, that the power of dealing shall vest in him who has the first occupied it (prima occupatori ) and not in him who has been the fi.st to come in sight of it (nnn ei qui primum in conapedum venit). Book IV., cap. iv., sec. 5. Again he says : " We are then said properly to have occupied when we have taken actual possession {quando possea- aionem ad jjrehewHtus), but the mere seeing a thing or knowing where it is to be found will produce no title at all." Book IV., cap. vi., sec. 8. Binkershok, " De dominion .Alarise," says: "A State cannot push the limits of its dominion beyond the reach of its actual powers of occupationary detention and restraint. • • * « Besides the mere will to exercise control there must be actual control physically exercised." Vol. II., page 136. Berlamiupii says: "The dominion over vacant countries is to be acquired by taking possession of them." " Tiincipes," Part IV., cap ix. Von ]\Iartens, in his " Precis du Droit des Gens Modernes de I'Europe," says : " The simple declara- tioi of the will of a nation is no more sufficient to impose upon others the duty of abstaining from use or occupation of the object in question than a paper grant, or than a private agreement between two particular claimants. The bare fact of having been the first to discover or visit an island (and so forth), which is tlien forthwith abandoned again, and whereon no permanent indications remain of the possession or the discoveries claimed, is admitted by all nations, without opposition or dissent, to be insufficient to found any right." liook II., cap. i., sec. .37. Pinkeiro Kerre'ra says : " Where the (|uestion is raised whether such and such a territory belongs or not to such and such a nation, the point to decide is not whether tliat particular nation has the williu"-- ness, or caprice, to forbid the ajjproach of other nations to it ; and, if it is already acquired, no intention of turning it to its own advantage, but the point to decide is this: Has the nation put the territory to any practical use — is it in possession, or does it merely exercise the ordinary power of possession ? Is it engaged in any measures for the development of its natural resources? If nothing of this so.t has been done th(^ (piestion is at an end. It would be as weak to respect such a pretension as it is prepos- terous to put it forward." Book I., cap. xviii., page 200. Kluber, in his " Law of Nations of Modern Europe," says : "A .State may acquire property in things which Ijelong to nobody, by occupation; in things which belong to another, by contract. By lawful occupation the right, is first ac([uired ; by continuous possession it is maintained In order to acquire property in a thing by means of occupation, it is not enough to merely entertain the design of acquiring it, or to give ourselves the credit by the mere process of the mind. Even a public announcement of our design to occupy, made before occupation is actually effected by another, will not suffice to exclude the latter. It is necessary that we should, moreover, have been, in point of fact, the first to occupy it ; and it is by this means alone, by the acquisition thus made of an exclusive right over the particular object, that we can impose upon the rest of (he world an obligation to abstain from it." Vol. I., sec. 125. 10 20 30 40 t of taking possession miicli larf^er extent of I tliiit such a prcti.'nsion s of nature, whicli liath •al, and gives no nation f liindering others from dge tlie property and has really taken actual In effect, wlien navi- : liad in their transient ey have jjaid as little aetwecn the crowns of erefore for settling the ' of dealing shall vest 3 has been the fi.st to , sec. 5. Again he says : ession (quando possea- be found will produce Df its dominion beyond • * • Besides ' Vol. II., page 136. )y taking possession of 10 20 " The simple declara- )f abstaining from use greement between two 1 island (and so forth), 'main of the possession 30 it, to be insufficient to I a territory belongs or nation has the willing- acquired, no intention on put the territory to r of possession ? Is it thing of this so.t has iensiou as it is prepos- 40 lire property in things contract. By lawful In order to acquire he design of acquiring ; announcement of our suffice to exclude the irst to occupy it ; and the particular object, )1. 1., sec. 125. Hefftcr, in his "International Law of Modern Kurope," Berlin, 1844, says; " The acquisition by a State of new territory can only becjfrected according to tiie rule of international law by one of the following means : first, by treaty ; second, by natural aggregation ; third, by occupation. The aci|uisi- tion of territory by me' i of occupation is suhject to these restri .'tions : (1 ) it obtains only in the case of things wliieh are by their natural condition susceptible of conclusive jxissession ; (2) it requires an intention on the part of the occupying State to irild the territory in ]iermanent sulijection to Irs autliority ; (',i) it must be accompanied iiy an actual taking of jiossessiuu, whereliy tlu; design of a continuous appropriation is demonstrated; and (4) the aiiangements or institutions re(|uisiti' for the exercise of the functions of exclusive! sovereignty are to be connected. On the other liand, mere 10 verbal declarations or manifestoes, or transient tokens of an intended occupation are altii;^ether iusufificient and have no legal purpose." Section 70. Oppenhcin., in his " Systetn of International Law," Frankfurt, 184.), says : " Acquisition of further territory may be effected either by occupation or by treaty. Hut orii^'inally, and in the' first instance, ly that which is the only duly recognised and effectual method, applicable alike to the law of nature aiid of nations — by occupation. Not by mere discovery, but by actual taking possession, or by conquest." Cap. vii., sec. 8. Phillimore says: "Discovery, according to the acknowledged practice >. ations, whether originally founded upon comity or strict rights, furnislies an inchoate title to possession to tbi; discoverer; but the discoverer must, eitiier in the first instance be f )rtified by the public authority, and by a commission from 20 the State of which he is a member, or bis discovery must be subsequently adopted by the State ; otlierwise, it does not fall with respect to the protection of the individual under the cognizance of international law, except in a limited degree; that is to say, tlie individual has a natural title to be undisturl)ed in the possession of the territory whicli he occupies as against third powers. It will be a question belonging to the Municipal law of liis own country whether such possessions do not belong to her, and whether he lawfully hold them under her authority and by her peruiission." Queen Elizabeth granted a charter to Sir Humphry Gilbert in 1578, authorising liim to discover and take possession of all remote territories and lands unoccupied by any Christian Prince or ])eop!e. She adhered to the rule which she laid down, making no claim on account of discovery, and admitting that America was a desert country, open to the OL'Cupatiou of any Christian Prince or people, and that 30 those who were first in time were best in right. Foster says that Sir Humphry Gilbert "to put his plan in execution gave away large tracts of land at the mouth of the River Canada to other people, on condition that they should people and stock them; but finding that they did not intend to fulfil these conditions he resolved at last to undertake this voyage once more himself, as there were but two years remaining before the entire expiration of the royal grant. He made, therefore, every possii)le effort, and was, moreover, assisted by some friends with money as well as advice, and at length set sail with five sliips and 160 men. On 11th Jime^ 1583, they ran into the Hay of St. Jotin, where tliey found a great numher of ships, English as well as foreigners, wliich were there on account of the cod fishery. Sir Humphry Gilbert took possession of the island and of all other lands tiiat lay 200 leagues from it in all directions, and received rich presents from all 40 the captains of the ships that lay off that island, principally from the foreigners, who were very numerous there. By one of these he was informed that about thirty years before, hogs as well as horned cattle had been landed on Sable Island."— Pages 293-294. On the 2Gth March, 1584, the Queen fjranted a charter to Sir Walter Raleigh, in which he is given " free liberty and license for ever after to discover such remote and heathen and barliarous countries and territories not at the time possessed by any Christian Prince nor inhabited by a Christian people as to him, his heirs and assigns, may seem good." By this charter he is authorised " to colonise the country and to take possession of the land not at the time possessed by any Christian Prince nor inliabited by Cliristian people, with full powers to dispose tliereof in fee simple according to the laws of England, all li ii 10 of wliipli lands, coimtrios and territories, shall for ever be hohlen hv the said Sir Walter Ralei-h, his hi.'irs and assigns, of ns, our heirs and sueessors by homage," and so foith. " ' See joint anpendix of doeiinients, p. {\Ui. Raleigli's charter was assigned to Sir Thomas Smitli and a couple of London mercliants. In 1500 an attempt at settlement of what was afterwards ealled (Carolina was made and failed ; so that at tlie deatli of Elizabeth, 100 years after Cabot had received his charter, there was not an English settler in North America. Elizabeth's snccessor, .lames Ibe First, made no claim to the exeliisive possession of North America along the coast (hat Cabot was said to have discovered. In U)0(i he granted a Charter provi„ Prince or people within certain boimds and r.>gions, but in the Oliarter of "l6()0 he promised 'to make a " title in free and common soccage to those whrm the Corporators may name. In that of 1609 the property in the soil is formally conveyed to the Corporators. In H)ll-12 the King granted a third Charter to Virginia, in which is found the following clause: " Now forasmuch as we are given to understand that in those seas adjoining to the said coasts of Virginia and without the compass of those 200 miles by us so granted unto the said Treasurer and Coini)aV as aforesaid, and yet nc.t far distant from the said Colony of Virginia, there are, or may be, divers islandr lying desolate and uninhabited, some of which are already discovered and made known by the industry, travel, and expenses of the said Company, and others also are supposed to be, and remain as yet unknown' and undiscovered, all and every of which it may import the said Colony both in safety and in policy 30 of trade to populate and plant, and in regard whereof, as well for the preventing of perils as for the better accommodation of the said colony, they have been humble suitors unto us that we shall be pleased to grant unto them an enlargement of our said former Letters Patent, as well a« for the more ample extending of their limits and territories into the islands adjoining to and upon the coasts of Virginia." Supplement to Ontario Appendix, p. In this Charter the King formally conveys territory, the Sovereignty of which the Charter admits was not yet acqiured. In 1620 a new Charter was issued to Mr. James Gates, Sir George Somers and others, who were mentioned as the Northern Colony in the Charter of 1606, » who were with divers parties of the Second Colony desirous of laying the foundation of a plantation, and had endeavoured to take actual pos^ession 40 of the Continent hereinafter mentioned in our name and to our use as Sovereign Lord thereof, and having settled already some of their people in places agreeably to their desires in those parts, and in eontidence of prosperous success therein by the continuance of God's Divine Blessing and our Ko'yal per- mission, have resolved in a more plentiful and eflFectual manner to prosecute the same . . ". aud forasmuch as we have been certainly given to understand by divers of our good subjects, that they have for many years past frequentfid those Coasts and Territories between the degrees of 44 and 48, and that there is no other the subjects of any Christian King or Prince by any authority from their Ml Walter Ralciyli, his norcliants. In ISOfian ; Kii tliiit at tlie dcatli ^'lisli settler in North ion of Nortli America Cliinter providinj;; for L'll-ilispoHed sulijects " lo nake liabitations and rifa commonly called us or which are nut las a ri}i;lit to jjraiit a orth latitude. First, may not be actually m made to the country ised hy any Christian v() promised to make a In that of 1609 the the following; clause : lid coasts of Vir^'inia, irer and Company as lay he, divers island; own by the industry, ■main as yet unknown safety and in policy 30 of perils as for the at we shall be pleased for the more ample coasts of Virgiria." h the Charter admits ind others, who were parties of the Second ake actual postession 40 la Lord thereof, and 1 those parts, and in f and our Koyal per- same . . . and jects, that they have 4-4 and 48, and that mthority from their SovereifTn Lonh and I'lincos actually in possession of any of the said l/mds or IMantafionf, whereby any ri;,dit, claim, interest or tith- inay, might or ought by that means securi'd Ijclimg or appertain mito them, or any of them." Here it will be seen the King says that tlic Corpumtors endeavoured to take actual possession of tlie Cuiitinent, and to his use as Sovereig.i Lunl thereof. So that the formal conveyance in fee simple was made before the Sovereignty was ac()uire(l. The FCing liad been misinformed. The King of France had granted to Pierre du Gast the country between tlie 40th and the Kith degrees of nnith latitude 17 years before, and setth uients had been established 15 years before this (Charter was granted. The Charters of 1009, U)I1-1L\ and of 1020 granted the territory entirely across the Continent 10 from the Atlantic Ocean to the South Sea. King James I. in the year lO'il, as King of Scotland, granted to Sir William Alexander the proviace of X'-w Scotland, wiiieh lies wholly within the grant made the previous year as King of Kngland to .lames (iates, Sir George Soniers and others, to be held of the Crown of Kngland. (See Ontario .\ppendix, p. 7.').) It does not seem that the King's Kiiglish Ministers made any objection to this grant, which would have been alisolutely void if the tt>rritory so granted already belonged to the Realm of Kngland. The King assumes that notwithstamiing bis grant, tliis part of North America is still a desert waste, and that if first oecui)ied by the English it will belong to the grantees of the Charter of 1(;20, as to be held of the Crown and Realm of England, and if it is Hrst occupied by Sir William Alexander it would attach to his Crown of Scotland. 20 The Charter granted to the Hudson's Bay Company excepts from their grant " the territories that ar already actually possessed by or granted to any of our subjects, or pos.^essed by the subjects of any other Christian Prince or State." What the French then were in possession of could not have been conveyed by the grant. The territories which were lying w;iste at the time the grant was made, and which, were not withi:i the soveri'ignfy of either France or Kngland, could not be so conveyed to the Hudson's Ray Company as to interfere with the freedom of the French to acipiire [wssession by occupation and settle- ment. The English Plenipotentiaries in discussing this rjucstion with the United States in 182.5-26 say "'that these Charters have no valid force or effect against the subjects of any other sovereign, but could only bind and restrain v'i'jorc. suo those who were under the jurisdiction of the grantors of the Charters, oQ and that altlicjiigh they niiglit confer on the grantees an exclusive title against the subjects of the same sovereign power, they could only affect the subjects of other sovereign powers as far as the latter might be bound by the common law of nations to respect acts of discovery and occupation effected by the subjects of other Christian political ciunmunities." (British and Foreign State Papers, 1825-26.) In the case of Connecticut and ^Massachusetts, although these Colonies by their Charters extended to the Pacific, they were subsucpieutly limited by other grants to the territories of which the Corporators had reduced possession. The territorial grant to thi; Hudson's Ray Company is set out in their (Charter as follows : "We have given, granted, and contirmed, antl for us, oiu- heirs and successors, do give- ivaut, and confirm unto the said Governor and Company, and their successors, the sole trade and con .roe of all these seas, 4Q hays, straits, rivers, lakes, creeks and sounds, in whatsoever latitude they shall b , that lie within the entrance of the straits! commonly called Hudson's Straits, together with all the lauds and territories within the countries, coasts, and confines of the .-eas, bays, creeks anil rivers aforesaid that are not already actually possessed by or granted to any of our subjects, or possessed by the subjects of any other Christian Prince or State, with the fishing of all sorts of fish — whales, bturgeou, and all other royal fishes in the seas, bays, rivers, and inlets within the premises ; and the fish therein taken, together with the royalty of the sea upon the coasts and within the limits aforesaid, and all the mines royal, as well discovered as not discovered, of gold, silver, gems, and precious stones to be foimd or liscovered within the territories, limits, and places aforesaid, and that the said lands be henceforth reckoned and included as one of our plantations or colonies in America called Rupert's Land." v^miis^if^sss^^m- m ■^i) 8 Tho riinrtcr rIiows: (1) tliat it wns tlioiiK'it Hint tlie stiaitH rxtcndcd to tlin Foiitli Sea; (2) the f,'rnnt in fee simple was ii gniiit witliin llif fntniiice of tlio Htniits acconliiiK to tlic iiliove dcHcription ; uii.i iis tho (loHcription shows it was for the purpoHu of establiHliiiii,' plantations and colonies where there has liceu non-usage, for llic purpose for which the franchise has liccn coiifcrrid, the Ciiartcrs must be held in this respect to have lictii abandoned. There is a further grant in the Charters to the Company, and their successors, farters, servants and agents, for them and on their behalf, of not only the whole and entire aTid oidy lra Foiilh Sea; (2) tin- the aliiive dcHcriptKin ; (I colonies wluTfi tliore I, the Cliiirtcrs must be Drs, far torfi, BPrvnnts and radi' iiiul tiiiffifi, mill the Din tlif territory, liinits, ull liays, eri'eks, rivern. lerritorifs, pliici"", and lo we usfd, and wliatever this fraiicliisu. Hudson's I5ny were llic year 1570), 1577, and ipendix, were not in the ireenland, in the Straits , see Korster'n " Voyages •20 s Straits at all. It was liants. Hudson, in this le sailed to (he north of 1 of Spitzbergen, and on I Zembla. He failed to (Forster's " Voyages,'' ices of the Dutch East ervice of the London 30 West Passage. He left id there. In the folio w- put in an open boat and iler the charge of Robert 1 " and the " Discovery," 5traits and to the mouth ngland in the autumn of 40 1614 sent out Captain ibrador by the ice, from . He reached Hudson's iholme. Alderman Jones, 1 a tiftli voyage, in the comtt>;uid of {{oli.i Itylot, ill It) I (;, but they (lid not approach Hudson's Hay, but wmt northward into Hallin's I'.av. on the wr!t. Captain Fox uudertiM.k a vo\age at the instance of the London Merchants, but Charles tue First 10 also appr..ve,l of the undertaking, and placed a small vessel at his disposal. This voyage also was undertaken with a view of discovering a North-VVest Passage. He received from the King instruct ions, and a letter to the Kiiiperor of .laimn, in case he shoidd get into the .South Sea and reach .lapau by that passage. He sailed fioin Deptford on the f.th .May, UiM. On the 20th of June \w reached Lumley's Inlet? He sailed over the northern part ot the ]!ay, visited various islands and points on the coast to which he gav.' names, and at the beginning of October he started on his return voyage, and on the :Ust he reached England. ( N.'ij Forster's >• Voyages," pages ;i,)'J to ;Mi7.) Captain .lames sailed about the same time from Hrist.,1. lieenlered lludson's Hay and sailed to the sotithern end, for the purpose of seeing whether there was any river or strait which h'd into the river ot Canada. He reached the southern part of the bay which now bears his name. He ran the ship agrotmd 20 on Charltmi Island, in .Fames' Hay. lie wintered there and returned to Kngland the next season. {Se>- Forster's " Voyag.'s of the North," pages 3(i7-l57(). ) No attempt was ma.le to clonise or to trade at the Hay in consequence of these discoveries, nor does it seem that the English (b.vernment laid any claim to Hmlson's I'.ay on this account. A large portion of North America was still uninhabited. Settlements were only beginning to be established on the Atlantic Coast, in New Kngland and Virginia; and the Government took m> interest in the inhos- pitable regions to the North. FRENCH OCCUPATION. The relative locations of the Saguenay and Rupert Rivers <.n Champaign's map shows that the country had been cxploivd by the French fur traders trom the St. Lawrence River to Hudson s Bay, SO about the time of the voyages of James and Fox, or very soon after. By an entrv in the Anchmt Register of the Sovereign Council of New France, it woul.l appear that the Attorney-General, Jean Rourdon, was authorised to ent.'r and take possession ot Hudson's Hay, which it would seem he did. (" Cliardenois,".vol. iii., pages 2.3t)-231. M. Calliers to M. de Se.gnelay, " New York Historical Collection," vol ix. page 2G8. See also Joint Appi iidix, page 466.) A failure to reach the Hay in 1657 do.^s not prove that it was not reached in the voyage of 1656. In the year IClil the Company of Canada built a fort upon the River Nemiskaw, called by the English the Frenchman's River, which empties itself into the lower part of Hudson's Bay. ("Joint Appendix," page 477.) In the same year the savages of the Bay came to Quebec to ratify the reso- lution they had taken to live under the dominion of the French. Jhid. 477. in In the year 1663 the savages ret ;,. ■ d to Quebec and asked for persons to assist in their affairs. M. Cauture, a missionary, was sent with ve m.-n, and he erected a new establishment upon the lands at the foot of the Bay, and took formal possession in the King's name. Und. 477. These statements by the French are confirmed by the account given by Oldmixon Oldmixon says that Mr. Thomas Gorst, the Secretary to Charles Baily, the first Governor that the Hudson s Bay Company had sent into the Bay in the year 1670, kept a journal of their proceedings there, which is now, at the time he wrote, in his custody. c I r 10 OMmixon my>i that they cifi'tiMl Iniin covered witli inoum- Hkiiw uim)ii the ImiikH of Riipt'rt'n Rivnr. He rt'liiii's iintliiiijj of wliat traii.-'itircd until Hu'.\. lie hays ('aptiiiii (inwsflliiiM K<{. Alunit the lidth nt Man h it iie^an tn thaw, 'i'he Nndwa>e Iiuliani< ilireateiied the Knj,'li>li with war; ii chiet' with (*ix imii iMrne, Imt he lirnui^ht little li,a\eri, the Indians liaNin),' sent t' 'ir hest to (anaila. He says ilie reason why the Indians who came ^tayel| near the Kort WHS, till 'V were .i[)|)reheiisive nt' lieiii;^ aliackeil by hoiup IndiaTis whom the French .louits had iiidmated ajjiainst tlie !'iii;li>h and all who deidt with them. TIk- l""rem:li useil many artitices to jdnder jn the natives trailinj; with the l'aiy;lish. They fjave them >,'reat rates for their (^[ocids, and cdilij;ed .Mr. Haily tn lowi-r the priees of his to ohlige the Indians who dwelt on the .Moowe Kiver, with whom the Kreiich drove the (greatest trade. The Krench, to ruin their commerce with the natives, came and made a settlement not alM>ve eijj;ht day>' jonriiey np that river. It will he seen from ( )ldmixon's ac( nnnt that ut this time the Kn^dish had no fort nn the Moose Kivcr, but they proposed to build one lluMe to prevent their tratflc heiiii,' intercepted by the Freiicii. In May a considerable nuinher of Imliaiis went down tn the hnttmn nf the Hay, alon^ with the Governor and Home Knglish, to seek for the N'ndwayes, hut u'et with none. The Indians who came were a poor, bejj;},'arly people, " by which," says Oldmixon, " we may perceive the Krench ran away witii the bcHi of the trade." The Knjj;lish were treipicntly alarmed by reports of incursions from the Nodwaye and -jit .Moose Uiver Indians, who quarrelled with them tnr their selling,' tn them. Thi>se observations of Oldmixon tend to cnidirm the claims nf the Frtnich of their beinfj already in possession of the country around the .Southern shore of tlu; Hay. (.loint Appendix, pajjc' TitL^.) It woidd also ap|)ear from Oldmixon, as well as from the account j,'iven 'ly French writers, that Kadiss'On and (irosselliers were, in the year ItilJti, in the coimtry of the Assinilmiiies, nn the sliore of Lake Winnepei^, and that they aocnmpanied those Indians to the shore of Hudson's Hay ; that they retnrneil aj^ain by way of the (ireat Lakes to (Quebec ; that they endeavoured to eidist the merchants of Quebec in their proposal to open up a trade by sea with Hudson's Hay. (Oldmixon, paije !H'<5.) At this time tlier; were rival fur traders at (^>uebec, snine eni,'aL,'ed in tradini,' iit the Lakes, others in the vicinity of Hudson's Hay. Into these rival (.'nmpanies the (invernment ntbcials were drawn, and ;;(i they sought to cripple the enterprise of each other. (See I'arkman's " Life of Front cnac," and the docu- ments then; iiuoted.^ The Hudson's Hay (.'ompany haay jiild appear that Fort 'ort some distance up iay (Company iu 1G84, ul'llut the same year, Kni;lish ; that in fact ^^^ was incorporated, and •liij^disli liuildiiij^f their ^See Uldmixon, Joint ') 'Ison River hefore the irked for Fort Nelson, lin Benjamin Gillain, rt" ship, then in the • lompaiiyV M-rvice, npttl.il at l tint faetorv, hut had tmi hern there ulmve fourtoen davH licforr umlinHoli mid (iro-si'lliers, who deserti d the Kn^'li^li Mrvice, arrived fmrn t'atiada. The Cumpany liuvinK' •li"- misM'd them their service, the:t I'l ohserved that Ifadisso' -iiid (hos-elliers Imilt a tradin;.; e«talili-hment here immediately alter they wi n dismissed from the Hudson Hay Company'^ service in HtTt!. ( N. V. Hist. Hoc. vol. !l. p, '.iiiH.) Id 'I'lic |''rench, under the eominiuid of He 'I'royes, who was »'U\ thither liy tie' iiiii of ihein imiil ilay were rcstoml to the F.n;;li>h hy tie treaty of rtrecht in 1711. Hy the rnle- nf luternational l-aw the restoration of the country after it had heen once reeoijnised as the |ios>essiiiii of another ."^tate would not carry with it the ri;,'ht of postal Liniinium. Halleck sayw in his work mu International Law, where a lerritoiy has heen acipiircd hv eoiiiiuest and conlimied to the comjuenir hy a treaty of peace, the ri^iit or title of the new soverei^fii i- •)() not that of the ori;;inal postrictions. |i orii'inafes in force and ilates hack to the Com|Ui-t. ;\ Milisei|Uei restniatinii of such terriloiy to it- former sovereiifn is rc^'ariled in law as a retrocesMon, and carries with it no ri;,'ht of po^-t liminy. Winn the inhahitants of sncli coni|uercd territory liecome a jiart of a new soveivi^'n, tiny must hear the cou-e- i|iiencesof the transfer of their allepame to a new sovereii,'u. He is in turn to he nganleil as a, ,on- ([ueror, and they I'amiot claim, as a;;aiiist him, any ri^jjlits of post liminy. The correctness of thi- principle of International Law is never disputed. -Halleck's " International Law," Chapter So, Section !'. After the Dnke of York ohtained his lirst iiateiit .'or the province of New Vork, the Dutch re;,'aineu possession, and re-estahlisheil a civil (lovernment. It was restored to th- Kn!,dish hythe Treaty ot Westminster, and although it had not leen cede I to the Hutch, hut was restored to th. Kni^lisli, still, the Piitcli havintjnot only comiuered the country, hut estalilished a civil ^;ovi'rnment, the Law Ollieer- of the Crown advised that the title of the Dnke of Vork was forfeited, and that theirs posf^ luu'inJa did not olitain, and they advi-ed the issue of a new patent. --I'.ioadliead's •' History of New Vork." vol. ii. page 2(i(). POS.SKS.^ION OF TlIK SKA COA.ST. H has sometimes heen stated that the possession of the coast of Huiison's Hay, and the few esta- hlishim'Uts which the French imide npnu the coast, are sut!ieient to eiitii le them to claim the whole ot the interior country. This rule does not ohtain in international usage. HImitscldi says: '• If possession i^ taken from the sea coast, it is conceived that the int. : i t land which lies inland from the coast i-^ occupied along with it, in so far as such interior laud is in it< nature hound up with the other in a 40 natural whole, especially through the rivers which empty themselves through it into file sea". Thi< principle has no ahsolu'te hut only a relative valiility. Where great rivers like the Mississippi How through an entire continent, the control of the whole naturally cannot he inferred from the possession of the im.nth.''— (Page 282.) Sir Travers Twiss, in his work on the Oregon ipiestion, observes in reference to this same matter : " The same principle is sanctioned in the grant to I'ennsvlvauia and Carolina, ami it is perfectly reason- able, for, as the discovery has taken place from the sea, the approach to the Territory is presumed to he from the sea, so that the occupant of the sea coast will necessarily bar the way to any second comer, and as he is supposed in all these grants to have settled in vacant territory, he will naturally be entitled to extend his settlement over the vacant district, as there will be no ether civilised power in his way. (Pages 282 and 283.) ;U) 12 IMiillimore says, in reference to the extent of territory vfliich may be claimed on account of the occajtation of the sea coast : " In truth it is impossil.le to do more tlun lay down a broad ^'eneral rule, aided in some degree by the practice of nations, to be applied to eaciicase as it may arise, and modified in some degree by any particular circumstance which may belong to it. Rome naturid circumstances, however, seem to distinguish the rule in its application to a continent or an island. With respect to a continent, the occupation of a portion of the sea coast gives a right to the usual protecting limits at sea, which is holden to exist in all old countries. The right of dominion would extend from the portion of the coast actually and duly occupied inland, so far as tlie country was uninhabited, and so fai as it might fairly be considered to have the occupied sea-board for its natural outlet to other nations." PhiUimore, Vol. I., Sections 234 & 235.) It would seem that a reasonable extent of territory may be claimed in connection with a settlement lo upon the occupation of the sea coast. In the cas.- of Johnson v. Mcintosh, Chief .(ustice Marshall observes, in reference to the extent of territory cmhraced in the ciuirters granted by the English Govern- ment, that " though the right of England to a reasonable extent of country in virtue of her discovery of the sea coast, ant^if the settlement she made on it, was not to be (juestioned, her claim to all the lands to the racitie Ocean because she had discovered the country washed by the Atlantic, nught, without derogating from the principle recognised by all, b.> deemed extravagant." {Sth Wheaion's tiujyrevie Court Reports, page 599.) Where the access to the interior is only from the sea, the nation in the possession of the sea-coast would be entitled to the possession of the interior only to the height of land ; but where the possession of the aea-coast does not bar the access to the interior, then Mie height of land is not necessarily the 20 boundary to the settlement upon the coast. The United States Government in their discussions with the Government of Spain in reference to the country that lay between Louisiana and .Mexico, contended that the possession of any extent of sea-coast is understood as extending into the interior aountry to the sources of the rivers emptying within that coast, and to all iheir branches. In that case the rule was not an unreasonable one, because both the settlements of the United States and Spain, at some distance from the unsettled country that lay between them, exU'uded much furtiier north than the source of any river that might become the boundary, so that the prior possessions of the two countries made it impossible that the interior country couhl become the possession of any other State once the entire coast came under their jurisdictions, because the coast, the only remaining means of access to the country, was then "^^ iiccupied. France did not claim th.e right to possess the whole valley of the Mississippi, because of the posses- Bion that was taken by La Salle of the mouth of the river, and the coast of the Gulf of Mexico adjoining. On the contrary, the French based their claim on the exploration of the country throughout the entire length of the river, and the exploiation of its tributaries, md the settlements which had been made, and the posts which had been established. When a dispute arose between the French and English Govern- ments with reference to the possession of the valley of the Ohio, the French did not claim the valley in eonsequence of any formal possession of the mouth of the Mississippi, or of the shore of the Gulf of Mexico in its neighlx urhood, but because of La Salle's discovery of the Ohio, the explorations of the country through which it flowed, the establishment of trading posts and of military posts in the country, 40 it is actual and effective occupation by the French, and on the ground of its being necessary to the preser- vation of their Colony in Illinois, and on Hie lower Mississippi. (See (Jorrespondence between the Govern- ments of Engbnd and France upon this subject, contained in Craig's "Olden Time," volume 2, pages 251 to 275.) The United States Commissioners in their discussions with Spain say : " It is evident that by the discovery and possession of the river Mississippi in its whole length and the coast adjoining it, the United States are entitled to the whole country dependent on that river, the waters which empty into it, and their several branches within the limits on that coast." (British and Foreign State Papers, 1817 and 1818, page 327.) '»'dl W , Cliief .Instice Marshall d by the Eiif^lish Govern- virtue of her discovery of her claim to all the lands 1 Atlantic, niij^ht, without Hth ]Vhe.e right to the height of land from the sea coast, but they insisted upon the sovereignty of the valley of the Ohio on principle of contiguity, and as a means for affording necessary security to their colonies. They also claimed the possession of the country from the sea coast across the height of land to the shores of tlie St. Lawrence and Lake Ontario. They were making this claim at the time the Hudson's Bay Company's possessions were in dispute, and they were not likely to put forward on behalf of the Hudson's Bay Company a claim totally at variance with tlie pretensions 20 which they were making on behalf of their more important colonies to the south of Canada. Before 1825 the north west coast of North America was in dispute between Russia and England. Russia claimed the sovereignty of the country because of prior discoveries along the coast, and of prior settlements. Several Russian s.'ttlements had been established, and when the Treaty of St. Petersburg was negotiated, it provided that the coast, which had been surveyed and occupied by the Russians, should belong to them, but that the interior country, which had been explored by the North West Tradin.' Company of Canada, should remain to the English. If the Russians had been entitled to the land's height in consequence of their settler ts upon the coast, they would have claimed the country far into the interior, as the SMkine river an. .ne Yukon river rise far in the interior beyond the limits of the possessions allowed to Russia. By the Treaty, Russia is entitled to the country to the summit of 30 the coast range, where that coast range does not lie at a greater distance than 10 leagues from the coast ; but in no case are the Russian possessions to extend to a greater distance than 10 h>agues. {Ue the Treaty of St. Petersburg, Articlea 3 and 4.) By Article 10 of the Treaty of Utrecht, it is provided : " The sai.l most Christian King shall restore to the kingdom and (Jueen of Great Britain, to be possessed in full right tor ever, the bay and straits of Hudson, together with all lands, seas, sea coasts, rivers and places, situate in the said bay and straits, and which belong thereunto, no tract of land or of sea being excepted which are at present possessed by the subjects of France." During the period that the treaty was being negotiated the I'^rench seemed to f.^ar that the English micht claim under this a larger extent of territory than it was the intention of France to concede ; and 40 80 the French Prime Minister, the Marquis De Torcy, wrote as follows to Mr. Prior, then the English representative at the French Court: "The plenipotentiaries of Great Britain insist that it shall be expressed that France shall restore not only what has been taken from the English, but also all that England has ever possessed in that quarter. This new clause differs from the plan, and would be a source of perpetual difficulties, but to avoid them the King has sent to his plenipotentiaries the same map of North America as had been furnished by the plenipotentiaries of Great Britain. His Majesty has caused to be drawn upon this map a line which describes the boundaries in such a manner as he has reason to think they easily may agree on this point on both sides." Mr Prior wrote to Lord Bolingbroke the following day : « As to the limits of Hudson's Bay and what the Ministry here seem to apprehend, at least in virtue of the general expression tout ce que Ik I 14 VAngleteire. a jamais fosskU dc ce cota la, which they assert to be wholly new, and which I think is really so since our plenipotentiaries make no mention of it, may give us occasion to encroach at any time upon their dominions in Canada. I have answered that since, accordinjj to the carte which came from our plenipotentiaries marked with the extent of wliat was thought our dominions, and returned by the French with what they judged to bo the extent of theirs, there was no very great difference, and that the parties who determined that difference must be guided by the same carte. I thought the article would admit no dispute." From this it will be seen tliat the French feared the English might claim all that they had ever possessed of the coast of Hudson's Bay, and that lines were marked upon a map which wen' to serve to interpret the Treaty, and which show that tliere was less restored to the English than they had at one ]o time possessed of the coast there. The Frencli gave up the posts upon the sliore of the Ray : thev sur- renderc'd no post in the interior of the Hudson's Buy Company, afterwards admitted that they "had ob- tained a surrender of tlie Straits and Bay aforesaid, according to the tenour of tlie Treaty, at least in such manner that the Company acquiesced therein, and have nothing to object or desire further on that head." The Company at that time did not claim from the French the surrender of the posts in the interior, and it is clear both from tlie letters of Count de Torcy, and of Mr. Prior, that they were not to do 80. The Hudson's Bay Company in their memorial of 1711, in answer to the Lords of Trade that they should state the limits of their possessions, " propose that their limits should begin from the island called Grinnington's Island, or Cape Perdrix, in the latitude of 58^ North, which they desire may be the boundary 20 between the English and French, on the said Labrador, towards Rupert's T^and on the east main, and Nova Britannia on the French side, and that no French sliip, barque, boat, or vessel whatsoever shall pass to the Northward at Cape Perdrix, or Grinnington's Island, towards or into the Straits or Bay of Hudson, on any pretence whatever : that a line be supposed to pass to the south-westward of the said Island of Grinnington, or Cape Perdrix, to the great lake Miskosinke, alias Mistoseny, dividing the same into two parts, as in the map now delivered ; and that the French, nor any other employed by them, shall come to the north or north-westward of the said lake, or supposed line, by land or water, on or through any rivers, lakes, or countries, to trade or to erect any forts or settlements whatsoever, and the English, on the contrary, not to pass the said supposed line either to the southward or eastward." No boundary upon the south was proposed by the Company, and no proposition was made to carry the separating line further south tlian the southern shore of Lake Mistoseny. During the encpury that was made before a Committee of the House of Commons in 1749, John Robson says he thinks "the beavers which are brought down to the Company " (that is at their factories) "or trading posts on Hudson's Bay, are refused by the French from their being a heavy commodity ; for the natives who come to trade with the Company dispose of their small valual)le furs to the French, and bring down theii lieavy goods to the Company in summer when the rivers are open, which they sell, and supply the French with European goods purchased from the Company." Richard White siys : " The French intercept the Indians coming down with their trade, as the witness believes, he having seen them with guns and cloth of French manufacture, and that an Indian told him there was a French settlemeut up Moose River, something to the southward of the west, at the distance, as the witness apprehends, of about 50 miles. Tlie French deal in light furs, and take all of that sort they can get, and the Indians bring the heavy to us." Robert Griffin, anotlier witness, said : " The French intercept tlie trade, to prevent which the Company some time ago built Henley House, which did in some measure answer the purpose; but if they would build further in the country, it would have a better effect. The French went there first, and are better beloved ; but that if we would go -j) into the country, the French Indians would trade with us." Alexander Brown says : " The French intercept the Southern Indians, and by that means obtain the valuable furs. The French Indians come to Albany to trade for their heavy goods. I had heard Mr 30 40 uOtrnMrn , and which I think is ,0 encroach at any time (arte which came from , and returned by the it difference, and that I thought the article all that they had ever liich wero to serve to I than they liad at one jq of the Hay : they sur- cd that they " had ob- tlie Treaty, at least in desire further on that ler of the posts in the , tliat they were not to Is of Trade that they from the island called e may be the boimdary 20 lie east main, and Nova latsoever shall pass to its or Bay of Hudson, of the said Island of ing the game into two by them, shall come er, on or through any ,nd the English, on the 30 iou was made to carry immons in 1749, John it is at their factories) a heavy commodity ; lie furs to the French, open, which they sell. th their trade, as the e, and that an Indian rd of the west, at the ^q furs, and take all of to prevent whicii the ; purpose ; but if they lit there first, and are ould trade with us." that means obtain the ods. I had heard Mr 15 Norton, the Governor, say that the French ran iway with our trade. If the trade was (opened, the French would not intercept the Inc ians, since, in that case, tlie separate traders must have out-factories 20 in the same manner as the French have, an.l wliich the Company have not." When Mr. Brown was asked if the same trade could be carried on at the present setclements in that case, he said : " That was impossible, but the trade would be extended, and by that means tliey would take it from the French ; that if these settlements were near tlie Frencli, tlioy must liave garrisons to secure them against the French and the Indians, who trade with and are in friendsliip with tliem." •****• " He heard the In^lians tell Crovernor Novtuii, in the year 173!), tliat the French liad a settlement about tlie distance of one hundred •• six score miles from Churchill, wliich had then been built about a yeat, 10 and contained sixty m-n ^ n small rooms." * * # "That the witness was informed by an Indian and his wlioi ;>imily that this settlement was upon Seel Kiver, which was navigable up to it for canoes." When tlie French Government learnt of tlie proposal to open tlie trade of Hudson's Bay with a view of encroaching upon their establishments in the interior, they addressed a memorandum to the English Government upon the subject, and they were informed by the English Minister that it would be very easy to give the Court of France an entire satisfaction on that article, assuring them that this plan, which was debated in Parliament, had no other intention than to open an exclusive commerce to the whole nation, which had been practised a long time by a privileged Company under a private patent, and that only with an intent to extend a general trade in these parts, and not to enlarge the possessions of the nation at the expense of any other. (Craig's " Olden Time," vol. ii., page 167.) These extracts show that the trade of the interior was continued after the restoration by the Treaty of Utrecht, in the possession of France as before, and so continued down until Canada was surrendered by the Treaty of Paris in 1763. The French Government in Canada, at the expense and with the authority of the King, undertook the regular extension of the boundaries of Caiada westward to the Kocky Mountains. The height of land between the great lakes and the Upper Mississippi audits tributaries was never a boundary between Canada and Louisiana. The province of Louisiana was bounded on the north by the Ohio river and the Missouri. {See Crozat's Charter.) Sometimes what is called the Illinois country was included m Louisiana, sometimes it was included in Canada, but all the country north of the Ohio and the Missouri, except the Illinois country, was included in Canada. The trading post and settlements at Prarie Duchien, and at other points still further up the Mississippi, and upon the St. Peter's River, were included in Canada. In 1717, Lieutenant Lanoiie established a trading post, by order of the King, at Rainy Lake. From 1731 until 1749 Varrennes de Verrendrye and his sons, with others under him, were engaged in the exploration of the country between Rainy Lake and the Rocky Mountains. The'account of his explorations will be found in the papers of M. Max'gry, which are published in the Appendix, page . Verrendrye and liis sons established a post upon Rainy Lake ; they established Fort St. Charles upon the Lake of the Woods; they estiiblished Fort Maurepas upon Winnipeg River ; they established Fort Verrendrye upon the Red River ; they established Fort La Reine upon the As .uiboine; thev established Fort Dauphin upon the Dauphin River, near Lake Manitoba; and they established Fort "Bourbon upon Cedar Lake. After the death of Verrendrye, Captain St. Pierre, Lieutenant Neiverville, and Luke Lacorne established Fort Posooyac, Fort Lacorne, Fort Despraines, and Fort Jonquiere. According to the memoirs of De Bougainville (which will be found in the joint appendix at page 844) there were nearly 1,000 Frenchmen at these various trading posts which had been farmed out by the Government of Canada, and were under their control. The country from the Yellow Stone River to the North Saskatchewan, westward to the Rocky Mountains, was under the dominion of the Governor of Canada, and was surrendered as a part of Canuda to the Government of Great Britain. By the Treaty of Paris, the King of France surrendered all Canada and its dependencies, except that portion of them lying westward of the Mississippi, between its source to the river Iberville, and 30 40 I 1 i 16 frbe seT "' ' "" '"" ''"^ ''' '"''''' "'"'' "'" '"'^ ^'^^ ^'^'^^^ ^^^--P- -d Port Chartrain After this territory was acp.ired, the King, by letters patent, organised a small province denomi nated » Quebec," wh.ch will be found described in the joint appendix ft page 351. th. n'° ^"'^ ^f TT""' "l' i°*™duced into Parliament, declaring "That during the King's pleasure the provi.ce of Quebec embraced all the countries, territories, and islands belonging to tife Crown of Great Bntamjn North America, bounded on the south by a line which is described at extendingfrom In 1791 the King informed Parliament that it was his intention «to divide the province of Quebec . into two provmces by a separate line extending, as described in a paper laid before ParLrnf 1 ^^ the Ottawa river northward to Lake Tamiscaming, and thence dTnorth to the b 7 ,'• ! Hudson's Bay, and that all the countries, territories,td islands To t s^ut d at "Z^ ^hf 7:^:::^^^^^^'^'^'----^^^^^- ^— Canada shall betmbr^^: This description of the boundaries of Upper Canada, embraces the country northward to the Saskatchewan and westwards to the Kocky Mountains, for all the territory within these L ts w commonly called or known as Canada. IS and Port Chartrain aall province, denomi- ig the King's pleasure nging to the Crown of led as extending from son's Bay Company's ie province of Quebec jq 3re Parliament, along the boundary line of and westwai'd of this da shall be embraced ' northward to the hin these limits was 17 ADDITIONS AND CORRECTIONS. Page 3, line 2, after Louis, insert a comma. " 20, read In the year I'jSt, in ilie reign of Edward "VI., an Act was passed. 4, " 17, «/n. TO TUE KIGDT HONOIUIJLE THE LORDS COMMISSIONEIJS OF TRADE A^'D PLANTATIONS, The humble ]\Icmorial of the Governor and Company of Adventurers of EN(iL\M) tiading into Hudson's Bay. 7:M May it please jour Lordships — The said Governor and Company, in obedience to your Lordships' orders of the 2;")th July last, requiring them to lay before your I>ordships an account of the limits and boundaries of the territory granted to them, represent to your Lordships : That His late ^lajesty King Charles the 2ud, by Letters Patent under the Great Seal bearhig date the 2nd day of May, in the 22iid year of his reign, reciting that Prince Rupert and several others had undertaken an expedition for Hudson's Bay, for the discovery of a new passage into the South Sea, and for finding mnne trade of furrs and other commodities. For the encouragement of the design, ras graciously pleased to incorporate them, and grant unto them the sole trade and commerce of all those seas, streights, bays, rivers, lakes, creeks and sounds in whatsoever latitude they should be that lye within the entrance of Hudson's Streights, together with all the lands and territorys upon the countries, coasts, and confines thereof which were not then actually possessed by or granted to any of His Majesty's subjects, or possessed by the subjects of any other Christian Prince. The description iathe said Letters Patent of the Territorys thereby granted being in so general terms is apprehended to have been owing to those parts being but little known, and to have further proceeded from the Crown of England having in view (amongst other things) by lueans of the said Grant to lay a foundation for this Nation's claim and right to the said Bay and whatever Territorys might lye round the same, and to prevent tiie French gaining any right therein. The said Streiglits .iikI Bay, commonly called TTiulsou's Stroiivhts and Bay, are now so well known that it is apprehended they stand in no need of any particular description further than by the chart or niapp herewith delivered to your [iOrdships ; and the limits or boundaries ot the lands and countries lying round the same, comprized as your memorialists conceive in the said grant, are as follows, that is to say : All the lands lying on the east side or coast of the said bay, and extending from the bay eastward to the Atlantick Ocean and Davis's Streiglits, and the line hereinafter mentioned as the east and soutli- eastward boundaries of the said Company's territories; and towards the north all the lands that lye at the north end, or on the north side or coast of the said bay, and extending from the bay northward to the utmost limits of the land there towards the north pole, but where <>!• how those lands terminate is hitherto unknown ; and towards the west, all the lands that lye on the west side or coast of the said bay, and extending from the bay westward to the utmost limits of those lands, but where or how those lands terminate to the westward is also uidvuown, though, probably, it will be found they terminate on tho great South Sea ; and towards the south, all the lands that lye at the south end or south side or coast of the said bay, the extent of which lands towards the south to be limitted and divided from the placi's appertaining to the French in those parts, by a line to be drawn ior that ])urpose, to begin from the Atlantick Ocean on the east side at an island called Grimington's Island, otherwise Cape Perdrix, in the latitude of o9i° on the Laboradore coast, and to be drawn from thence south-westward to the great lake Miseosinke otherwise called Mistoseny, and through the same, dividing that lake into two parts, down to tlie ■U'th degree of north latitude, as described in the said map or jilaii delivered herewith, and from thence to be continued by a meridian lino of the said latitude of 49° westwards. Tlie French before the Treaty of Utrotch, in the time of peace, under some ])retended claim of right, disturbed the said Hudson's I'.ay Company in tiie quiet jKissessiou of the 15ay and territorys aforesaid, and in a hostile manner, with ships of warr and an armed land force attacked and took several of the Hudson's Bay Company's ships in harbour in the Bay, and also took, plundered and dispossessed them of several factorys and settlements on the coast thereof, but those matters having been under consideration at the ^Preaty of Utretch, were in some measure settled by the folhjwing Articles thereof; — • By the lOth Article of the Treaty of Utretch it was stipulated that the French King should restore to tlie Kingdom and Queen of Great Britain to be possessed in full right lor ever the Bay and streiglits of Hudson, together with all lands, seas, sea coasts, rivers and places situate in the said bay and streiglits, and which belong .1 (1 Hudson's Stroi'^hts cliended thtiy stand in by tho chart, or niaii|> iinits or boiinilarios ot \ comprized as yoiii- )llo\v.<, that is to say : of tho said bay, and ck Ocean and I)aviss s tho east and soiith- rritories; and towards I, or on tho north sidr bay northward to the H'th pole, but where oi' and towards the west, of the said bay, and , limits of tliose lands, the westward is also thoy terminate on tli;' ) lands that lye at tln' y, tlic extent of which ivided from the places a line to be drawn for I on the east side at an Cfipe Perdrix, in tlie I be drawn from thence ;rwise called Mistoseny, iwo parts, down to tlie the said map or plan mcd by a meridian lino I in tho time of peace, tho said Hudson's liay nd territorys aforesaid, J an armed land force ly Company's shi[)S in d dispossessed tliein of !reof, but those matters ;y of Utretch, were in hereof: — retch it was stipulated Kingdom and Queen of or ever tiie Bay and seas, sea coasts, rivers ;-hts, and which belong f. thereunto no tracts of land or sea being oxct^pted which wei't? then possessed by the subjects of Fninoe. And it was fiu'ther agreed to determine by Commissnrys the limits which we-.o to be fixed between tho said Bay of Hudson and the places app.Ttaining to tho French, which l)oth subjects should be wholly forbid to pass over. And by the 11th Article of the said Treaty it was further stipidated that his most {Christian Majesty should take care that satisfaction should be given according to justice and equity to the said Hudson's Bay Company for all damages and spoil done to their colonies, ships, persons and goods by the hostile incursions and depredations of the French in time of peace, an estimate being to be made thereof by (^ommissarys to bo named at the requisition of each party. That in pursuance of the said Treaty and the especial C(nn mission of Her said late Majesty Queen Anne, dated "iOtli day of July, 17 IM, tho said bay and lands then in possession of the French were delivered up to Governor Knight and Keleey, who took possession thereof for the Enghsh Hudson's Bay Company, and Commissarys were appointed to settle the said limits, and adjust the damages the Company had sustained, which damages, as appears by an account delivered to the then Lords Commissioners of Trade, amounted to upwards of £100,000, and pro- ceedings were had by the said Commissarys towards settling the same, but they were never able to bring the settlement of the said limits to a final conclusion, nor did the said Hudson's Bay Company ever receive any satisfaction for their said damages. The boundary line then proposed by the Hudson's Bay Company, to 1)0 settled on the limits on the continent between them and the places bin-tlien at any considerable distance up the same, and the climate round tin- bay is so extri'lnejv cnld as to admit of no agriculture, the liidiiuis iu those parts being altuuether a wandering people, wholly subsisting themselves by luuitin--, living on the wild lie:ists they kill ami bartering their liirrs. That your momorialists ap|)rehend it will I)e for the benellt of this knigdorn that tlio limits of the territories granted to your memoi-ialists, and the places appertaining to tiio French sliouhl be settled upon the footing hereinbeforo mentioned, and tiiat the French should be obliged to remove all encroachments they have maih; witliin the said limits, bv breaking up their settlemcMits, and restraining their wood-runners from entering the same; and that no ship or vessel shotdd be suffered to pass to tlu' north-westward of tlii' said tirimington's Island or Cape I'erdrix, or into the Hay or Streights of Ilmlson on any pretence whatsoever; and that the Fivncli or any employed by them shoidd not come to the north or north-westward of the aforesaid lino to bo drawn IVom (Irimington's Island as the south-east and southern boundiiries of the British Factories, either by land or water, or through unv rivers, lakes or countries, to ti-ado or ei'oct any forts or settlements whatsoever ; and that your mcm(jrialist>i, on the other hand, should not pass that lino either to the south or south-eastward. All which is most humbly submitted to your Lordships. IlrnsoN's Bay IIoise, '4ni October^ 17jO, h, S, I (Join. Seal. \j^ order of the Gov. and Conimittee, CHAS. HAY, Secretary. K ,*l !l .1 J, 'I III Jtlcmorial Wi\ nr THK HUDSON'S HAY COMPANY To TIIR iiiilisi LORDS OF TRADE AND TLANTATIONS, Jfate ITIONS, ktoba; 1750. i: WILLIAMS. I ri, S9, Poultry, E.C. IIKTWIIEN TIIF, PIIOVINCK OF ONTAUIO. oF THF, ONK TAUT. *•■■ f) TUE PUOVINCE 01 :,! ".NlTOHA. OF TIIK OTIIFR PAKT. APPENDIX OF TIIK PUOVINCE 01 MANITOBA. 1. '2. a. 4. .5. 0. CONTENTS. I-AOE. Answers of Ontiirio an to ClaiuiH | AllHWCTH of Mllllitollll ^■'' DiKCOvory by Kii),'li«li — ,, Caljot'.s Voyiitjc, 1507 FroliiHher'H Voy^igeH. ir.7ii. IIT?, IfiTH Davirt'a ,, ISHf), 1580, 15H7 Iltulson's „ l(i()8-10 Hntton's .. Kill .Iiuiios'h ,, 1081 Fox'8 „ 1C.H1 Dps GrospUiiTes und liadissoii, 1007-8 (iillaui, l(i07 La Salk-.V Lwhiiiso, 107H D'Ikervillu'H Kxpeditioii, 1087 HtulBcn'fl Hay Coinpaiiy's Memorial to the Lords of Trade, 17"i t CopieB of Documents furnished by the Foreign Ollicc li M i'Ji 18-14 IS lU 18 ■M •il •1 OPINIONS OF COUNSi:'. «4 8H. 40 48 7. llolroyd, Mr.- Copy, fiirtlicr queries and opinions of H. Cruise, Mr. — Copy, queries nnd opinion.s of !>. Cruise, Mr. — Copy, queries and further opinions of 10. Hcarlott, Mr. — Copy, queries and oi)inions of . 11. Hoh-oyd, Mr. .lustice, Sir hamuel Komilly, Mr. Cruise, Mr. Scarlet: and Mr. Hell—Copy, queries and opinions of rn k 12. Stoddart, Dr. — Copy, queries and opinions of oO-ft-i 1». Dorchester, His Excellency Lord— Extract from Ilis Majesty's InstructionB to (10th Sept. , I7i)l)... 04 SUPPLEMENTARY APPENDIX. CONTENTS. 14. 15. 10. 17. 18. 11). 7C0-1 20. Account of Surrender of Forts after Capitulation of Montreal, Franquclin's Maps, 1084— Description of Treaty " North West An^le " or No. 8, 8rd October, 1873 " Twiss " on the Acquisition of Territory by Occupation ••• • " Phillimoro " on boundary between Canada and Louisiana, 10th Art, Treaty of Ltrocht Evidence of — Smith, Hon. Donald A. before the Committee of House of Commons, anada, March, 1880... Johnson, Hon. Mr. Justice Do. !><>• Armour, Mr. Justice Do. D*o- •:• Murdoch, C.E., William Do. Do. Morin, P. L. Do. Do. Daw .m, W. McD, Do. Do. , , • Report of T.K. Ramsay, Esq., Q.C., on the Northern and \Vestern Limits of Ontario.— Before the Committt' of House of Commons, Canada, March, i860 66 55 57 CO-01 01 C2-70 70-H6 80-90 90-94 94-95 95-112 112134 il |tt the f nini (^mwdl IN THE MATTER OF THE BOUNDARY BETWEEN THE PROVINCES OK ONTARIO AND MANITOBA, IN THE DOMINION OF CANADA BETWEEN THE PROVINCE OF ONTARIO, OF THE ONE PART, AND THE PROVINCE OF MANITOBA, OF THE OTHER PART. APPENDIX OF THE PROVINCE OF MANITOBA. The claim of the Province of Ontario to extenrl tho western li.uit of the Province. re«ts it is assumed, on the supposed title of France as l,a^■in^. been tlie first discovrcrs thereof. This will doubtless be urged and the following a,sserted, viz. : That L'E,scarbot, in 1 G17, stated that New France has for its limits, on the western side, the lands as far as the sea called the Pacific ; on this side, the Tropic of Cancer ; on the South, tl'ie islands of the Atlantic Sea, ui the direction of Cuba and the island of Hispaiiiola ; on the East by the Northern Sea which baths New France ; and on the nurtli that land called "Unknown," towards the Icy Sea, as far as the North Sea, That in 1G2G, Louis XII, granted to the Company of New France a charter which, it is asserted included the whole of the country about the Hudson's Bay, and west of it. That Jean Bourdon, the Attorney-General, in 1G.5G, explored the entire coast of Labrador, and entered Hudson's Bay. That Father Dablon and Sieur de Valiere were, 16G1, ordereil by Sieur dArgenson, 20 Governor of Canada, to proceed to the country about Hudson's Bay, and they went thither accordingly. That some Indians came from alunit Hudson's Bay to Quebec, in 1G0.'3, and that Sieur la Couture with five men proceeded overland to the Bay, possessit)n whereof they took in the King's name. • That Sieur Duquet, King's Attorney for Quebec, and Jenn L'Angiois, a Canadian coloni.st, are said to have gone to Hudson's Bay in IG(i3 by oi'der of Sieur D'Argeiison, and renewed the act of taking possession by setting up the Kings arms tiiere a second time. Ansvvkh. ., hi":,''.;"'-'"' -■•' —■-"»—■.•.,.. -K... „„^ .„^ 1657. May 2nd. M. Bourdan loosed anchor from Quebec, for the voyage to the North. be taken tra„ that that tl .7 , .t ; , ™'™'T. they never nn-ntion it. an,l it is lo With Fathe. .„,„,::! rt;;:;^:^vr^Cn°:l'N:tYS:' '^ "- '"'*""•• --' Father Daplon and Seeur de Yalliere country an., of i„f^,„i!::,r f T „ Tu,' I:,:" ,::" ""- 'r':r °' "'"'"™« ■■■ "«'^» missions the other to come to in!™! "f nece»«l-y lor the resnscitation of this the pre^nt *te of Irco„,,tr":' """"'"^ "■""' '"" '"'"™™»' •"<' '» »?'«" »» -« at tJo''rnt,::af:Lte!r1';it^^ '''°'" ''"'""'»■ ''"■* " *= ■"- '"'^ have „ri„d 1661. July'^Irm "°"'''' '"" """"' '■""' ~°°""' '" "- -»'''• ■>■■ "-i»>'™«y '» «- North Sea, mIu'wu ]ty the records ngn Council of Quebec ■of. 3 • • » "At length, with the aid of Uoil, we are nearly half way to the North Sea, in a place which is like the middle point betwec n two .seas, tliat which we have left and that which we are seeking." Here i.s a little journal of all our travels. •very in the same year cr, of his having made carrying out the order uid it i.s not pretended ihese dates. As to the 10 having descended the ountered a great bank aken as guides. The lan with three arrows le North. re Quebec, from his 20 aits of Hudson, and ontion it, and it is to s a myth, because he le Jesuits, and went icre is evidence that - voyage : hero in the month of of wintering in the 30 ■esuscitation of this iud to explain to us they have arrived • to the North Sea, "We were detained at Tadousssic three weeks by a sort of contagions and hitherto unknown disease, which carried off the greater part of those who were seized by it. "The disease having abated a little, we set out at lengtli on tlie 1st of Juno of this year, 1601, numbering forty canoes. We left Tadoussao, but not the disease, wliich followed us. " * We were obliged to' take tive days to make a league from Chicoutimi. * ' On tlie IGth we arrived 10 in good time at Chegontimi,"a place noted as being the end of navigation, and the commencement of the portages. * * We entered into a very narrow lake, about nine leagues long : the savages call it the Long Lake. * * Lake St. Jean, which is tlie end of tlie navigation of the French, no person having dared to pass beyond, whether it was that the roads beyond were too rough, or that they wer" hitherto unknown. * * What gave us more trouble was the news which we learned on entering the lake, that the deputies who were to coimuand the nations at the North Sea, and to give them a rendevous at which to await m, had been killed last winter in an astonishing manner. * ' We did not abandon our journey, advancing towards the end of the latter, where the river which was to bear us into a countrv liitherto unknown to the French empties. * ' The 2Gth we encamped at the commencement of a lake which we have called Bonne Esperance, (Good Hope), 20 . • • The three following davs were employed in passing lakes, in seeking rivers in the woods, then entering into other lakes and other rivers, which bear us at last to Nekouba, which is.as I have said, the middle point between the two seas, that of the North, and that of Tadoussac. We found its latitude to be 49 °, 20', and its longitude 305°." • * • " Without deducting from our other troubles, it was indeed enough that the Iroquois was always before and behind us, scarcely were we set out from Tadoussac, when the enemy arrived there, and after having massacred our French, if they did not come upon us, it was (only) because Go,l blinded them, and .leprived them of all thought of it; before us, and at the termma- tion of our voyage, which is the North Sea, the Iroquois intends to be there at the same time as we ho is set out from his country for this purpose, finding ro other limit to his ravages than the 30 sea and that most distant from his own country, to which neither the French nor the savages have as yet been able to penetrate. • • • " News is brought to us, that the Iroquois has gone before us, and having surprised the nation of the Excurieux, some days journey from here, has entirely defeated it, and has impelled such a terror into all the surrounding peoples, that they are all scattered, seeking other mountains more hidden, and rocks of more difficult of access, to place their lives in safety. It is said that the fear is carried even to the sea, where we are going, and those barbarians intend to carry, during this year, their cruelty, to push their conquest still in advance towards the north, as they have done, during these last years, towards the south. " At the news of this envied nation, so near where we now are, our savages think only of returning upon their steps, since the peoples whom they were going to seek, are .scattered; we 49 find ourselves equally urged to keep them company, regretting the injury the Iroquois are doing to the faith, in hindering the publication, and retarding the course of the gospel. Relations of the Jemites, Vol. 3. Rel of 1G61, pp. 12-21. hev se out tl.ov f T ''' "T'"'"'^' ''"^ ^'^■'^'"^"'^•^'- ^^^'"^y^" ^"Iv. two months after S T^ T, " t'"'™««'^-^>'^ at the head of the Nekaulu River, 300 miles from Lake St John. They could not proceed any further, being warned by the approach of the IroquoiT (.^^cJi'S;;:^;:.: tr;:Xo;:3.f '"■ ""^^ '"'• ^^"^•''^" ^^^-^^ ^^ '^^ ''''' ^^ ^^^^-^^ ^• the LMstts'rallfer D J ';?; f / "'"'"' f "^'' "^ P^^^^'^"''-^ *° «"' *° *'-' ^orth Sea or to i^ivistons, J^athei Dobkn, &c. (Joiirual of the Jesuites, 1661, p. 300.) Onon?''" ^'T'' ^''''^"" '"■"'■'"' '" ^''"^^^''^ "^ ^^'^^5' '"1-' ^^•'^■'^ innnediately sent missionary to SiEUR LA Couture and Dl'quet. There is no record of the voyage of Sieur la Couture, and Duguet in IGC'J. his ^:^ '' ""''^ '" ''^^^'^^■"^^ °^ '" '''^ ^^^^*-- "* the Jesuits respecting Couture or given^tl^'Zert Zu \V"'"'' "f f 7 f "I't '^'"^""* D'Argenson. who is stated to have given tlie o der to Duquet to proceed to Hudson's Bay, left Canada on 16th September 1661 two 20 Hp h'lf r ^"^^?'^.^'A;'fUffour succeeded Viscount Argeuson, as Governor of Canada in 1661 .anadathatstrctnes and mflex.bihty oi character which he originally acquired in the camp Voyage of Father Albanel and M. St. Simon. Ii.tl,oRel«ti„„,,„f ,|,„ Jcuit.,, AlUnel gives an account of hi,, trip, ami »l„„v, that the En,«, Oon„„,, „crc already i„ p„„e«o„ „r .M,,on'« Bay, havin, cntll-cd there Z^T^^^^: The following is Albanel's relation of the voyage ; 30 ther Dablon) attempted July, two months after ^0 miles from Lake St. of the Ii'oquois. iH 49°. 20 N. 305°. 10 W. .0 the North Sea or to ly sent missionary to le set out overland for 10 kauha, 300 miles from G.'J. respecting Couture or who is stated to have September, ICCl, two 1. (Shea's Charlevoia, 20 )r of Canada, in 1661. to the Government of iiequircd in the camp, nd Seneca Indians." ice by the Queen, the tendent of the Navi- < IGGl. ('N. Y. Col. 30 1. Talon to Hudson's and sliows that the d there under their 'il fission of St. Francis " The sea which we have at the North, is the famous hay, to which Hudson has given his name, and ifkirhfor a Idihj time Ikis piqued the curiuf nea hdx been iiicreaned nince we learned from our mvagea that quite recently some ships had appeavi'd thoro, and even had commenced commerce with these luitives, which we have always been told aie numerous and rich in fufs." "It is for that, that M. Talon, our Intendant, has judged that he ought to oinit nothiiit; that was in his power t> make this discovery ; and suice he knows tliat the intention of His Majesty is that all the peoples of Canada maybe instructed in Christianity, he has demanded one of our 10 Fathers, who should open the road for us '/reiich towards this bay, at the same time that he arried the Gospel there." "They cast their eyes, then, on Father Charles Albanel, an ancic t missionary of Tadoussac. because that for a long time he had had intercourse with the savages, who have knowledge of this sea, and who alone could bo guides over these, hitherto unknown, routes." " M. de St. Simon antl another Frenchman having been chosen for this onterjjrise, and M. the Intendant having furnished them with everything that was necessary to make it succeed, the Father set out from Quebec on the 6th August, 1071, and met them at Tadoussae, where he wishes to make choice of an active and intelligent savage to serve him as guide during the whole voyage " " We will follow him step by stop, thus we will know lietter all that took place in this 20 expedition, placing his journal here, just as he wrote it during his journey." " I arrived at Tadoussae, said he, the 8th of August, -where I saw myself compelled to sustain many battles, in order to break down the objections which the .savages made to this expedition." " The Captain of the place having died a few days ago, I addressed myself to the uncle of the leceased, who was the most to be relied on ; this savage, who had much re:pect for us, and who has no less atfection for all the French, cheerfully consented to oblige me." " Here, he said, are two of my people that I give you, who are my biothers-indaw, au'l this other one will be the third, who is my own nei>hew, they will carefully conduct you." " The affection of this good man did not stop there, be wished us to embark, with our luggage in his boat, as being more convenient than o\u- canoes, and he would conduct us witli his men 40 30 leagues on our way." " The 29th after having made a considerable present to these good savages, who had carried us in their boat so far, and liaving thanked them for all the good scrvic(>s they had kindly rendered me, we embarked in our canoes to shoot the Hr.st rapids which presented themselves on our journey to the Lake of Kinougami." ...» " The 7th of September we reached the extremity of the Lake. Good fortune willed it, that I should meet two savages, who accomodated us with two guns suitable for hunting, four of ours being useles.s. The 17th. Five canoes of Attikamegues, or wdiite fish, and of Mista.ssirinins came to jotn us, they brought us for news that two ships had cast anchor in Hudson's Bay, and that they had done oreat trade with the savages established the.'o for commerce ; they shewed us a hatchet 40 and some tobacco, which they had obtained from a Papinachois, who had been trading towards the North sea this very summer. They said enough to cast terror into the nunds of all our men, but as it was no "longer the s(^ason to continue our route, l)ecause of the winter which threatened us. li! ^t;':;;;;;r:;;:;;;^;;;:;7;;:r;;;;\;;;;^ one, at tLo «au.o ti.te ^ivinra 1 W ^^^^ < .•t;'nn,„..., to .s.n,l fo Qn...v,. to pnui,!.. .nys.lf with to take under tlu.,se ciZnl"!:! " "' •'"'^^ ''^™'"' '"^'' ^" "^'^^■'■''^'" ^'"^^ ~-'^ ^ ougl.t ' '" "'""'' "»» ""^ '""»'' »""i- '" n.,. In tl.i»con,i>mction ot affair.." of the hmiting, whici, i, Ly „l'°,«,,;, " "'"' °''~ """ P''.'" '» P»; "'" ""'"'■ "'■ "" «»™t two rivers ; one oreel.i„ Ir,]" "r ev iamlTT- f """' ''"''■"" ''"''■«""•■ '""""■ oo»l.ore, I '„l„t in ,th ,.n Z; : : it: Sein "'■ 'r IT"'"' " *' ^■»l*'i" "«I>P"I » hin,. »ith hi. ehi,.f „,en. to .peak t:.,.™",;:;::: o^zSer;!*:::'"'."™™^' ' - """■■' > ^ttiJ!':,'::^„t'1f.,:'rsI;n:;:^"'■;::rr, -'r '"^'t-t''™ ™ ■■■'■' °" "■- "« " - Latin sail ; at „ ,-un,h„l , , v ' , IT ','■ "* '""■'■■■'' "'" '^"'^''"'' "»« "'I » ■Havered t,,.t the .ava;:;;r,';r„t:r:;'';;r,;:c v""° '■:"'"'""" to the „„rth<«t, whe,-e , r , , ,' kh ", " ' '■""■■ "" "'" "«'" '"""'■ '*"f'"«S*« a-o. All that, ..xv„i„.. w,. ,v,„.,;no,l .1 " « ' '*' ^'''''^ ''"'' ""'3" I'eniove.l two .lays about which we sluill sp,.„k b3--.m.|-hv.' illK tins so taiiKHis Hudson's Bay 't to act without iliivction re to provide iny.sL'lf with in what miuwuruM 1 ouiAit my letters. In the iiican- id sent nio no seasonably : liat (lay, with the patents nd M. Talon our Inten- lis conjunction of affairs." ow and ice, l.y whidi well) Hie winter in, on account had aln'ady succeeded ■^ were obliged to enter « to continue our route, to ec Frenchmen, in three :aw, which .separates the diout an acre hroad an results of our journey to those per- sons who had employed me, and who 1 knew took a great interest in the success of this mi.ssion : ^g I informed them of the causes of my si speedy return, of the places I had seen, of all that I had done for the salvation of all these people, for the publication of the gospel, the establishment of our holy faith, and for the glory of our great monarch in all the nations we had had intercourse with, in order to give them an au>ple and faithful report." Hitherto, this voyage had been considered impossible for Frenchmen, who after having under- taken it already three times, and not having been able to surmount the obstacles, had seen them- selves obliged to abandon it in despair of success. What appears impossible, is found to be very easy when it i)leases God. The conduct of it was reserved for me, after eighteen years prosecu- tion that I had made, and I have very sensible proofs that God reserved the execution of it for me, after the signal favor of a sudden and marvellous, not to say miraculous recovery that I received, ^q As soon as I devoted myself to this mission, at the solicitation of my superior, and in fact, I have not been decei\ed in my e.\pectation. 1 have ()jieneo .lifficultv tii^y I.av.. had to lot ,n . 1«. .V .. P'*''*'" '"''" '^''"^^" ^^^ ''« to Ko arui e.tahli.sl. ourselves in tetn u f '"'""'■t-"t.e.s ti.ey have n.acio for u. Frenchmen to invito then, to con e Zmw-u '"'''" ."''""''""•'* '^'^ ^'^^^ "»^'J« *» a" Quebec, that he was the pioneer voyageur. ' ^"^^^^'^''t 'it F JL^^.;;r:pSj::;t,t';ir:,!:;//* tr;;;rs "'' ^-r "-^' -'- "■'- northward in quest of Hudson's Bav ■ l! ? f I tlie haguenay, and are to proceed thence year."-(.V. F. W Z>.cS Xw^^^^^^^^^^^ '' '^'^ '^'^^ ^'^ -' ^^ Autumn of next a Jes^,^:::;' w df^:^sin;^i:zt^^^ '-^-''^ ^^^^ ^ -"^ -^ ^'^^^- ^^^-e'. that title. They are to go S l^Z^^^^^T f "''^""" ''''''''' "°'--' ^^^^ *^- King with establish a fur trade witt tie ndtns and 1^,1 "'" "^^ '" f °"""* "^ "" *''^>' "''" ^"■^<=-'«'-. son.e ships, in order to es aUish^ ^tltt 7""' ^ T'-T ^'^""'"' ^''"'^ ">' '' ^'^'''^ '^ -i"*- , vessels that will be abl^l ea r o Ico T" "n't '"' •'?'"' '^^ '""""'^'^ ^^PP'^'^ ^« '•-'" the «outhern and northern,' r/itg " '"' '"''"'''' "" P*^^'^^^'^ ^^^^^^^ ">« two seas. "A proposal has been made me to send from this nk.'e fn H„ 1= b i , „ Which it is pretended to discover something of thel:^:i:t^t:vS:f ;et:!e:^"^ ''''' hope:;fr:^r:rjt^r^^^^^^^^^^ by the trade in furs that they will carry on wUh tile inlu^^ "'c)^;; '''' ''"' ^^ '"^'^ "^ S-" Canada, to take possession, in t^Kitwurrn^ ''''• '''^^"^' ^'^^-^'-^ "^' between the banks of the River 8 ^uv e^e "I ' ^ h T ^ rivers, which lie 30 Davis, including Hudson's Bay ami ad k . jIL uH f "" "V" ^^'""^ "' ^'''^ ^^^""^ where the Indians n.eet to trade T,! at II v V 7^ T^,"' Mi^kaouto, Nagasit. place, residence of Captain Kiaskou Chie llt^^e I i :'";,":■• ^^''^''V™- *" ^^^^ ^^-"iskau. the did on the 9th of July 1G72 nla tlL j.n ?, '"'''' ""' ^ '"•''' '^'"^^ ^"^' ""''■^«'>'« ^^^y. namesetupthearn7ofFf;Jer consent, and in His Majestyl name." (IbUl.p 791 ) ^^" ^^^r^^^k^^x at the mouth of the river of the same trated among the western n,!;;:;:','"!'',!!' rl'll;!'". *:.'''^'^;'^^^^^ °^ ^^--'«- ^'^ ^-d pen ' mine in Lake the lakes and amounts sinco our depai- ipo for after such a line people havt) sliown to be ^ thvy liavo iiiado for u.s IS thoy have made to all isli for anything after so 1 our works ? Relations 10 edition having reached French Intendeiit at Pive weeks since, three id are to proceed thenco id of Autumn of next 3nt ofi" Father Albanel, iored hy the King with all tliey will discover, >rt bo a place to winter 'urnisli supplies to the^" between the two seas, a bark of GO tons with ■lie two dcas." ling, I shall give thein • will be able to gain )f Indian nations and Talon, Iiitendant of and river.s, which lie 30 strait of the Fretum auto, Nagasit, places Lake Neiniskau, the ja and Hudson's Bay, id in His Majesty's ;lie river of the same wrote at Paris to my lada, who liad pene- ad seen the copper"*" . either by sea or b^' .1 the South Sea ; or Ciinaiia, because he leltry."— (iVr. }'. Col. " M. Tnldii to the. Kim/, 10/// Xoirinhrr, I(i70. — " Since my iu livid I luive dispatched some persons of nerve who promise to penetrate farther than any one Ims yit doiie ; some to tin' west and north-wi'st, ami others to the south-west and tu llie Montli of C'aiiiid.i. 'i'liesi- adventuri'rs are inviiriably to pre|iar(^ journals and ir|ily in writing' mi their return, to tiie instructions I have given them, tliev are (fVerywhere to take jKissrssidn .mil ti) erect the King's arms and to draw up ])roces-verbaux to serve as titles. His Majesty will not iiave any news of them, probably before two years from this time, and aft''i' i shall hiivr leturneil to France." ^ .V, V, Col. Dmiti. I'ttiin Doda, II. 7«i»). To M. Tdloii, \ltli Mnvi'li, 11)71. -" Till' resolution ym have adi>ptrii to smd Sieur de la SalU' towards the South, and Sieiir de St. L\is-ioii to the North in order to discover the jmssage 10 to the South Sea is very goo(l, but tiie principal thing to which you ought to apjily yourself in these sorts of iliscoveries is to Imjk for the ( 'opper Mine." — (iV. Y. Cul. ]hiis\ /'(/;■/>■ Ihd.i, y/. 7H0). What is relied ujion iiy tin' l'i'o\ince of (.)iitarin. as ftu'nishing e\idenc'' of i''ather Dal'lon and Sieur t'outnre h(i\ ing visited Hudson's IJay, is a Memoir of M, de t 'allieres sent tn the Miiri|uis de Seignelay on 2.jth Febniary, KJS.j, (N. Y. Coll. Paris IJocts, Vol. IX., p, 2(i.S) : and M. de Deiioii- ville, on Nth November, KlHti, by a mi'iiioir sent to M. de Seignelay, apprii-s tn lia\ e eo])ied the statement made by M. de Callieres (See Ibid., p. !t()4). liut in his letti r which accoiiipanied the memoir, M. de Denoiuille .says : " 1 annex to this h-ttir a memoir of our rights to the entire of that country, of wtiich our registers ought to be full, luit no memorials of them arc to be found." (N. Y. Col. L)oc. Paris Docts., Vol. IX,, p. •2!)7.) M. de Denonville thereby admits tlic docnmeiitnry 20 cviclenee could not t'N'cn .-it that time be iidiliicecl in support of these \isits having been mnde to Hudson' i Hay. At the time M.deCollieres wrote (in Itis.')) twenty-one years had elapsed, aiel .M. de Denonville following in KlMi was twenty-two years hail passed the events they iiretendi d to chronicle. It wns then most iiii[iortaiit to show if possible that Dablan, Couture, and I)ui|uet Imd been nt Hndson's May. The French, before that time, in 10,^2 inid 1()S4, had driven the Knglish from a nnmbcr of their forts, burned their houses, and in Miircli. !(iS(), Caiiiidian troops were sent by Denonville.wbo surprised and captured Forts Albany, Hayes, and lluiiert, belonging to the Hudson's Hay Company. ^'/(('((.s'.s Charkniic Vol. ;i, p. 270; Freland 2 partee, pp. l{)2-(). Vide I'l'Ulioa of H. Ji. Co. lo the Quern in nil, Joint Ajypendi.i: }x * 30 It therefore became necessary to show a colour of right i'oi' these proceedings, ami these nicnioir.s were evidently prepared with thut view. English Discovery. 1507. Cahot's VovAin;, 8eba,stian Calmt, who sailed to Hudson's Hay and Straits umler a commission iVom Henry \'li. of Emdand, entered the Hav, which, in ItJlO, took the name of Hudson. • • « « "For that Cabota was no- only a skillful .sennian, but a long traveller, and such a one as entered personally that strait, .sent by King Henry VIT. to make this aforesaid discovery, as in hi.- 4,0 own discour,se of navigation you m.iy r. ad in his card written with his own band, tliat the mouth of the nortliwestern .strait lietli near the .'U« meridian, between 61 -nd (if. degrees in the elevation continuing the same breadth aiiout 10 degrees vest, where . ipeneth southerly more and more, until it come under the Tropie of Cancer, and so runneth into Marde!' Zur at least IH degrees nnu'e in breadth there than it was wlien it lirst began." 10 " Beaides Cabota and all otlit-r travt'llfrs' iiavi;,'ations, tlic uniy cndit uf M Frobimhcr nmy suffice, who lati'ly througli nil tlu'sc iHlaiuI.s of iw, and inoimtaliiH of snow, pu.s.std tlml way, oven licyond tlic j,'ulf tlwit tuniMtth down from tlic nortli, and rctnriiiii!,' in Auunst camp he homo mifely again." — (HaUnijt, To/../, /'/'. J6', JT.) 1576— 1577— 1S7H, Sir Martin Frohikher's Voyaciks. "He prepared two small barques, wherein lie intended to accomplish his voyage. Wherefore, being furniHhed with the aforesaid two bnrqne.s and one small pinnace of ten-tons burden, having therein victuals and other necessaries for twelve months' pnn-isions, he departed upon the said voy- age from IMackwcll, June 15th, A. J). 1570. 1<> "One of the bnniues wa,s named Oahvifl, and the other the Mirlnu'l, aiid sailing northwest from England upon the 11th July, he had sigiit of high and ragged land, which he judged to Iks FrLsland." " The worthy captain continueil his course towards the northwest, knowing that the sea at length must need.s have an ending, and that some laml must have a beginning that way ; and deter.nineil, therefore, at the least, to bring true proof what land and sea, some might b" so far to the northwestwards, beyond any man that liath horotofore discovei-ed." 20 " This place he named after his name Frobisher's Straight." " Captain Frobishcr returned hoinewanl.aiid arrived in England, in Harwich, the 2nd of Octo- ber following, and thence came to London in 1.570, where lie was higiily commended by all men for his great and notable attempt, but specially faniou;. for the great h pi; he brought of the pas- sage to Catya." Skconij VoyAGK— 1577. " Being furnished with one tail ship of her majesty's, named The AijiJe, and two small banpies of tliirty ton a piece, being Htly appointetl, the said Captain Froliisher, with the rest of his com- pany, came aboard his ,shij)S riding at Blackwell." 30 "On Whitsunday, May 20th, 1577, early in the morning, we weighed anchor at Blackwell, and fell that tide down to Gravesend, where we remained until Monday, at night." " Tuesday, July 23rd, our geiieial with his .soldiers and saihjrs, to the nundjei' of seventy, marched with ensign displayed, upon the continent of the Southerland (the supposed continent of America) where, connnaniling the trumpeter to sound a call for every man to repair to the ensign, he declared to the whf)le cimpany Ikjw much tlic cause imparted to the service of Her Majesty And he appointed for leaders Cajitain Fenton. (!aptaiii York, and his Lieutenant (Jeorge Beste " II uf M. Froliishcr iimy piissi il tliiit way, even Aii^'ust camo lie lionie is voya^'c. Wliercforc, cn-tdiis liiirdcn, having rteiUiiioii tlio sail! voy- 10 mill sailing nortluvcst ivhich lie judged to \w uiiwiiiir that tho sea nt ginning that %vay ; and ((inie niiirlit hf so far to 20 rwich, the 2nd of Octo- connnundod by all men lie brought of the pas- , and two .small baniues bh the rest of his coui- 30 ichor at Blackwell, and rht." the number of seventy, le supposed continent of to repair to the ensign, service of Her Majesty tenant (jeorge Heste ." " Tiie luurning of the 1st of August, (Japtain York with tb Sound, and declared inito the company there, that the last nij; certain bay (whieh tln-nci' was named Vorke's Soinul) about f'^ur Sound." Intfl cmue into .)ackman's ■1 ' 'Mnie t" anchor in a lit fv' 1 .lack man's 10 "Thursday, Augu.st 2-ind, we pluck. '.1 down our t^nts. and r nan hasted ^ineward, und making bonfires upon the higliest mound ..f tlu' island, and marcluu^ with ensign display-'d r^ l about tlie island, w gav..- a voll.iy of shot for tiirewidl. ifi honour of the Right Hoin' nib^ ' v Aime, Oounto.ss of Warwick, whose name it bi>ar.'th ; and so depiirtnl abroad." "The 23rd of August we set sail out of the Countesses Sound homeward." "About the 2.'}rd of Sopteiub.;r wv arrived at MilHnrd Havni in Wnles," " About one month after our arrival heiv, by order of the L-rds of th.' Council, the ship came up to Ihistow, wlinc the ore was committed to keeping in the castle there." Thiui) Voyacje— 157«. '■ Having received these articles of direction we d(>parted from Harwich on the :Hst of May, and sailing :.long the south part of Kiigland westward, we at length came by the coast of Ireland Ro Cape Clear tlie 1st of June." "Having a fair and large wind we on the three and twentieth of June departed toward Frobisher's Straights." " Now after the genurnl had bestow,..! these many days hero, not without many damages, he return..! back again. An.! by sailing along this cast (being the baeksi.le of the supp...sed con i- 20 nent of Aim-rica) and the Quc-n's Forelan.l, 1... perc-ived Frobrisher's Straights. \V hereupon he sent the Oabri,.l on the 21st of July to prov.. wlietlmr they might go through, and went agam with him in the Straights, whieh they did." ■' Auoust 11th, the captain of the Francis, taking the master of his ship with liim, went up to the top of Hatton's Hea.lland, which is the high.3st lan.l ..f all the Straights, to the end to descry the situation. An.! the ratlier f..r tlu' h,.nour the said captain .loth owe to that honourable name he caused his company to n.ake a c.-o.ss of st..ne, in t..ken of Christian posse,ssi.-n. In tins place there is plenty of black .)ie, and .livers pretty stones. " Having now received articles and directions for our return homewards, August .'Ust, the whole fleet .leparte,! from the (Jountesses S.,un,l, excepting the Ju.lith, an.l the Anne Francis, am! ca.ne :!0 tlie next day, an.l iiu't the fh^et lying ..tf an.l nn, athwart liear's S.mn.l, wl... stayed tor the General." "Thanks be to Oo.l, all the fl-et arrive! saf.dy in England, ahmt Oct,.ber 1st, .some in one place, am! .some in another."-- ('/^'tW't,'/'. ^<>'' •'- /'/'• '"'-"-■) Davis's VoTAGKS-lo8r)-l 586-1587. " In 158,5 Captain John Davis ma.le an att.MUi.t to find the North-west passage and discovered a part of Greenlan.! to which he gave tlie nam.> of the " I.,aud of Desolation." He saiWl afterwarde as hinr master nanu'd it 'The Island of (lod's Mei'cies,' We then stood to the south-west. Until we saw the land, which our master named ' Hold with Hope ;' and lieiu'^' !,'otten aejaiii into a deal' sea : our masti'i' stood to the west aloii;,' the south .shore, ami i-aised three capes or head-lands, lyini;' one l.eyond another, which he named Cape Henry, tape James, iiiid Queen Anne's Foi'eland ; vve also raised a hi!,,di hill, which he called Mount ( 'hai'les. Wi' passed on in si;,dit of the south .shore, until we rai.sed a fa',.' heail- lanil (which oui- master took to he part of the Mainland, hut is an island) and named it Deep's ('ape, and the land on the .south side now falliuif away to the smith makes another Cajie or Ilead--"iO land, which our master called Woisenham'N Capi •" " Then stamlin;,^ siaithward Wi- lost sinlil ol the mainland \vv had all this while followed and came into shallow water, ln'okeii !,'rouml and rocks, and passed down so far southward, till wi' had land on hoth siiles, and the water shoaliiij,' apace, we canu^ to an ai R'Uor. " On the first of Novemhei' we found n place wdieiounto wir hrou^dit oui' ship, ami hailed her aLrronnd ; on the 10th we were frozen in, and now it concerned us to take cart.' of what we had, and so to spend, that we mii,dit have wherewith to keep us alive, until we should come at the capes where the fowls hreed ; for they were all tin' hopes we had of tindini,' suhsistence to hring us Inane. < )ui- master therefore appointeil a reward to them that killed most fiah or fowl. We Were victualled for six nmnths, in ijood proportion, and of that which was f^'ood ; and if our 40 m.ister would have had nmre he mi<^ht have heen .su[)pli(Ml at home and at other places, and it is stran^'O he did not prevent the hun<(er we endured, which occasioned the overthrow of jiiniself, ami many other honest men." Ilmiin'si Voyage, Vol. '2, ])p. 24'S-4. ^■^m.ff: 18 HrrroN's Voyacir, It'wiii ilcsiiud I.) proiHi-euto the iliscovcrii's mado hy Hiulwm.tuiil, iu 101 1, lli^ Itoyal Ili^'liiKsi Henry! Priiici", of WhI.'h whs uppliiil to \,y jm i-.uii» eoiif.iiitMl in tlu; jiiojcet, luul he ivw.lve.l to semi Ciii>liiinHiittuii. \vli.>|.enetrnteil to til." iIu.Im.ii lliiyim.l •muI.mI l.i.ul 'joil l.>ni,Mies to Hi.' iinitli-west. He w'nt'i' I tli>n' Mt N. Ui.u UivtT. Hi. I(. Hi- '111' thJH till)' 111 t heili;;' n\)\t\t' H.'iiry, 1 t ' I'lllicc o I -ti'i •. aiil H iiiuii o ('a]>tiui\ liul loll liis iiwi eoilliti'llMiu'i' of .so y;retlt u p I'siiii, wiis nios I' H'liles, was til.' ^Mval iintron of siitiie uml Iciiiniii;,' at uitl in this j.iojift, lie reMolved lo seiKl on f trrent eourii^re, iil.iiltieN, iiikI experienee, iinil hiivinj,' tlie it. liUelv to iii.Jntiiin diseipline lunoii^ the sniincn. the persons ('olicel Aeeiilillli ly Sii-iii''li' ill tl le V'lir ll.ll, he Hililed on this e.\pe' P'^''^^' '';'"7'";' ';>' th,. continents of (ireenlo.d and North America, winterin^r at Port Nelson, which is m the latitude of -,7M0' north, » • • • Hv, for c:iiises elsewhere related (especially the ti.les) concluded 80 a northwest passa-e certain, and thcrehy restored thr hop... of it, th..ii tallen v.'iy low." Ilnrr.s's Vo!iii;ii-s, Vol. -J, p. Ktk The instructh.ns un.ler which Sir Thomas Button sailcl were vecovcre.l. They mv cunsidere.l to h.. .Irawn up with consi.lerahle skill, to he interesting in various particulars, and to .invert to points n..t .levoi.l of value, evn in the present -lay. That th.' r.a.l.T may f r-e a ju.lKUu.nt ot the charai't.'r .if this doruiiunt it is suhjoineil. Certain Or.l.'is an.l instructions set .town hy th.' m.-.st nohlc Prince Henry of Wale.s this 5th of April, 1G12, un.ler his Hi^dmes si-nature an.l si-ne manuell, ami deliv..nMl unt.. his .servant Captain Thomas Button, Ccneral ..f th." Company HKNllY P now ..mploy.'! uh.mt y.- full an.l perf.'ct .liscovery of the N.irth-We.st i.a.s.saKe4o for tlu' l.rtt... -„v,.rnni.'nt, as well of the shipps committed to his cliai-e as ol the personnes in th.'in .•mpl.iy.Ml uppon all occa.si.)ns whatsoever. 1 » * 3. 4. imsamm rBSaai»£*i«iSS 14 5. More partiuuhu'lie when you whalu be uluarc of the Landes End, be careful to have kept a true aceoniupt of yr wayes to Groiuland, and from thence to the streiglits uioutli, and to observe in wliat 1 ititudc it lieth, and what face th" cojust bcarctli, what sea seeti.'tli into it, and when you ar(> within it, liowc tlie coaste doth biend, the contyunance and course of ebbe ami tludd, wliat heiirht it riseth, from whence it conieth, and with wliat moone ; what current, eddie, or overfall you finde, what Islandes or rockes, and howe l)eariiii,', and last of all your soiindinns, which you nuist trie witli good store of faddoiuf once at least evcrie tlortli glasso, and (iftcncr amonnst broken landes, rocks, shole, ami white waters. Vet remembering that the waie is alrendie beaten to Digges island, rather than lose tyme, we wouhl have you hasten thither, and have the pel feet oliservation of tiie thiiiys to the Pinnace in iier return. 10 7. "Let there he care by your onler and direction for keeping of yom' shippes in con.sorte all your cour.se, whtsrein we wishe you to make all the haste you can to tlu! Streights mouth, but we think your surest way wil be to stand upp to Iseland and .soe over to Groiidand in the heighte of 01 so(> to fall downe with the current to the most .southerlie Cape of that land lying in about 5!) called Cape Fai-ewell, which pointe as fee will give you leave, you must (hnible, and from thence, or rather from .some '20 or :?() L. to the northward of it, you shall over fall Davis His Straights to the we.sterne niaiiie : in the height of &2 degrees or thereabouts you .shall hnde Hudson's Stiuights, which you maie knowe by the furious coursi' of the sea and ice into it, and by certainc; Islandes in the Northerne side thereof as your carde shewes." 20 H. "Being in ; we holde it best for you to keept; the northerne side as most free from the pester of ice at least till you be past ("ape Henry, from thence follow the leading iei' lietweeiie Kim' James and Queen Anne's Forelands, the distance of which two capes ob.serve if y(ai can, and what harbour or rodi- is nesir them, but yt^t make all the haste you maie to Salisbury. This Island between which and the Nm'therne continent you ar- 'ke to meet a gi'eat hollowe billowe from an opening and Mowing sea from thence. 'Hierefore, i aembering that your end is West, we 'vould have you stand over to the opposite maine in the latitude of some 58 degrees, where riding at some headland observe well the Hood of it come in Southwest, then you maie be sure the passage is that waie, from the North or Northwest your course nnist he to stand upp into it, taking need of following anie Hood f(n- feare of entring into Bais, Inlets, or sands (^sounds), which is but:iO losse of time to noe purpose." 9. 10. 11. " Last of all : se(^ that you and all under yor charge, doc faithfullie ()bserv(> and followe all such furtlur directions and instructons as shal be given by the Ad\enturers. And to the eml it mav apiieare what care we have of the Action and howe aceeptabio uverie manne's good endeax- our and .service therein will be to us. Let theis be perticerjie read once everie month, if it can lie to your whole Companie." (L.S.) Sir Thomas Button appears to have felt acutely the di.sappointment occasioned liy his failure 40 to discover the pas.sage of which he was in .search, liut he does not despair of ultimate success (Rundall's Voyages (printed for the Hakluyt Society) pp. SI to !)0.)" ^w.m . )e caroful to have kept a t.s mouth, ami to observe til into it, and when you of elihe iind thidd, wliafc urrent, edtlie, or oviM't'ail ur soiin(linj;s, whicli you ot'tciii'f iiiuiinnst liidkoM filreadii' hcuten to J *iKn*''^ (' the peifcct (iliservation 10 your shippe.s in consorto Mie Stn'iii'lits nioutii, hut Gi'oinland in the lieii,'lite that hind lying in about you must double, and E it, you shall over fall degrees or thereabouts i eoui'sc of the sea and canle shewes." 20 ■ as most free from the le h'ading iei^ lictweene s ()hsi'r\e if you can, ami o Salisbury. This Island hollowe billowe from an r end is Wist, we 'votdd iegrees, where riding at iiaie he sure thu passage ;and upp into it, taking < (^sounds), whieh is hut ;!0 15 .Famks's VdYAriK, i(;:u. " It appi'ars that the Kuglish nation had ln'cn trading witli (tncnland, and those trading, finding that " other nations were interfering witli tliis Iriule," l\)und themsL'lves under a necessity of having recourse to the crown for protection and assistance as well for di'fending their fisheries, as for prosecuting their discoveries, and they accordingly addressed themselves to King Charles 1., wh.'' s date. I likewise -hi.s discovery, Ijotli ' I liail conuludetl, 10 to the notice of n to our Sovereign ndered and cro.s.sod ;gs, whose name lias nd hy persuasion of was induced, with harles I., and that e of the ships of the give their aii ■JO ace of seventy tons iient of seven 'nniH. 17 No event of importance occurred until the 3rd of Jinie, when somewhat about latitude 58° 3D' N., a storm was encountered. On tlie 18th, the GOth parallel was obtained. Two days afterwards land wns made on N, side of Lumley's Inlet, or Frobi.sher's Straights. At that instant, eleven o'clock, th latitude by dead reckoning was G2" 17', and by a good obser- vation made presently afterwards 02" 25', the difference being 8' to the westward. Fox takes his last departure from latitude N. ,')8° 30', on the we.st coast of Greenland. lie calculates the distance he has passed in crossing over Davis's Straights at 220 leagues. June 22nd. This day wc had boarded it up in smooth water, bearing a good saile between Cape Childlie and Cape Warwick, and were entering Frctum Hudson ; and (near by) the island 10 Resolution, so named by whom I know not. But sure I am, Davis was the first of us that see it, naming the east end thereof Cape Warwick. On the 15th of July, Fox was in the vicinity of the Islands named respectively, Digges, Salisbury, Nottingham, Alansil, and Southampton; with Cape Pembroke and Carey's Swan's Nest on tlic latter islan'd. This circumstance affords the navigator an opportunity, of which he readily avails himself, to make honorable mention of the personages, who had been the main support of the successive adventures to the Northwest ; and he concludes in the following emphatic words, no less true than just. He says: "They were so named as a .small remembrance for the charge, countenance, and instruction given to the search of the enterprise ; and which, though smaller, neither time nor fame, ought to suffer oblivion to burie ; for whosoever it .shall please God to ripen 20 those seedes and make them redie for his sickle, whom he hath appoyiited to he the happy reaper of this crop, must remember to acknowledge, that those honourable and worthie personages were the first advancers." This remark applies with no less force to the navigatois themselves, that on the parties in whose service they were engaged. On the 27th, in latitude 64° 10', an island was desciied, which was taken to be the N. E. side of Sir Thomas Button's rd ultra. On the 8th, Port Nelson was, made and having debated the propriety of wintering there, it was determined merely to look in and then proceed on the voyage. On the 10th of August, Fox entered Nelson River, and plied up about a mile with the flood. He would have gone higher, but was prevented by the shallowness of the water. He was content, 30 however, for he was enabled to moor in a snug berth, which aftbrded facilities both for refitting tne vessel, and for putting together a pinnace, that had been brought out in frame, and of which the navi<:'ator'was in great need. These necessary proceedings were not completed until about the nineteenth. Both sides of the river are represented to be full of small wootls ; and the north shore to be a clay clift', like the naze of Essex, but not so high. On shore was found : good grass, store of wood, lilack berries, strawberries, and several sorts of shrubs. Various fragments of the timbers of a vessel, of casks, and of chests, were also found. A cross, which, it was conjectured, had fallen down or had been pulled down ; and " a board broken in two, the one half quite gone, whereon had been the Kinges arms, and an inscription of the time of Sir Thomas Button, with his own name ; when and wliy he took harbour, with other expressions," were viewed with great interest. The 40 cross was recrected, and this inscription, on lead, nailed thereon : " I suppose t". "s cross was first erected by Sir Thomas Button, in 1C13. It was again raised by Luke Fo.k, Capt. of the Charles, in the right and possession of my dread sove- lignc Charles I, King of Great Brittaine, etc., the 15th of August, 1631. This land is called New Wales." 18 UnJw ,*^''"*y-^:'«^' '" t'"'' '"'''"''^" ^- •''" "^'' '^ '^ "^^■""•^■^^-l- t''"t since quitting Sir Thoma Roes Wokome, not a singh- in.lication in favour of the .Icsiro.l passag. l,a.l occurred MaieJt'y-rlir (tT"''' ^'';P^'"" •^'^r'\"^' '^"^t"'. i" the Maria, an.I Captain Luke Fox, in His majesty ,s ship, Charles, met in Hudson's Bay. At first son.e difliculty «as experienced in tt" thotlH " ?7""r rV° ?'f P'-'-'""^''^' -x^ --T P--ticular extracte.l fro.n but on 1 e Sn ra V 'T T'"'' ^ "' '"' ""* ""'"' '^"^ "^""^^P* *" ^-'^-l ''^'^ «-" proceedings, out, on the contrary, seems to hav,. comnuinicated th<.m without reserve. invitJtt'on'bou1"r''\V""''?*'^"*""'''''''^ ""'*' *'" ^'^P*'^'" "^' *'- Charles, dine.l, by 10 nt^ti Lent to av t "T' ^"n """""^-^ '"^ ""^P*'"^ *" '''^^ ^-^ '^«-^>'^l. -' ^i^ enteitamment to have been as hospitable as circumstances would permit. ThonfaTBtton'I;^t';hT>""'r*""-''-^' voyage, in consequence of a statement made by Sir point ho! , " '" *''° '''""''"'' "^ ^«"ingham Ireland came from the north-west a 10G7— 1G68. thp A^'' ?,'"°'^^'"'^'^'^^ "^^l I^disson (who it is suppose.! were Coureurs ,les boi,) were roamin.r anions on the Assmibomes and were conducted by them to Hudson's Bay. ° ^ ther^reSrtHrtc^r;:rH;:;;:i^\s^'T/"'" "^ t-" -' ^-f^'-^ ^^---^^-^^ u„i 1 , . . ^^^^•^'^ ^" ilU'l-^'iiis Hay. Ihe profiosal was iv ected, as the nroieet wa^) or ine .t u nch tliat Jean Bourdon had made a voyage there in IGoG or 1G.57). arrival built Fort Charles, said to have heen the fi.sfc fort c ee ed in H R , ' "" '"' ":• Zsi::;:^:;;;:^^^^^^^^ -p- -« --ing in the L^ of Assimponals in Canada, they ,....;: in^ ui;::,:::;;;; SH^Vl^n: h 'tl if. ' 7;; "'" ""• ''"""^' '"'^ ""^ •^•^•^ '""'"• "P'- -'-"^^ tlfoy .i:sired t iuL t Indu hem hither, and the .savages accordingly did it. The two FrenehuK.i .'turned to the u ,, ke the .ame way they came, and thence to Quehec, the capital of Canada; where they Xd h pruicipal merchants to carry ships to Hud.son's Bay, but their project wa rejecte uf .", 1 ev went to trance in hopes of a more favorable hearing in ciuri ; hut afte ^K^n tin "ev i^ memonals, and spendu.g a great deal of tune and money, they svere answcre r.ciptioii I'mm sdiiic men of (|Uality, iiierchaiits, aixl others, who employed Mr. Oillaiii, a prrsdu loii^Mis.'d til the New Mugland traije, to [xi-fect this discovery. " Mt?dard Chouart di's (irosellicrs was a native of 'rouraint, and an excellent pilot, lie emigra- ted to Canada quite young, where he married Helen, lianghter of .Mirah.uii Martin, King's pilot, who has left his name to the celebrated Plains of Abraham, near giubrc. {Fedaiul.) Meeting after wards with some Imliaiis on Lake Assiiiiboine to the nortli-west of Lake Sujicrior, he was con- ducted by tliem to James' Bay, wlie re the English had not yet been. On his return by Lake Superior to Quebec, Des Groselliers otl'ered the principal merchants to carry sliips to Hudson's Bay, but the project was rejected. He thence went to France, where he made similar jiropositions to tiie 10 court, but without any ' etter success, an degrees, and from thence southward to ")! degrees, where he entined a river, to which he gave the 30 name of Prince Rupert's River ; and finding the savages di.sp(Med to a friendly commerce, he erected a small fortress there, which he named ( 'harles Fort. The success of this expedition was so remarkable that the persons concurred in fitting out this vessel, upon the return of Mi- (-iillam, applied thenrselves to King tJliavles H. for a patent, who accordingly granted them one, dated 2nd of May, in the 22nd year of his reign, A. U. 1070. The first directors of what was called the Hudson's Bay Company were Prince Rupei't, Sir James Hayes, Mr. William Young, Mr. Geriard Weymans, Mr. Richard Cradack, Mr. John Letton, Christopher Wren, Esq., and Mr. Nicholas Hay- wood. But to return to our history. In the year 107O the company sent over Charles Jiailev, Ks(|., as their governor, who, with Mr. Radison, settleil at Rupert's River, and another factory was estab- 4() lished at Fort Nelson. In 10.S3 Henry Sergeant, Esq., was made governor at Rupert's River, with orders to be very carefid of the French, who began now to show themselves very jealous of the trade carried on by the English compaiu' with the natives ; and at the same time they were not a little perplexed by some bad practices among their own servants, who considering the hardships they endured in that miserable cold country, thought they might make bold with some pnvt of tin- pi'ofits, which were entirely owing to their labour and negotiations with the natives ; for the com- pany, by their governors and agents, maile such contracts with the captains, or kings, of rivers, or territori(!S where they iiad settlements for the freedom of trade there, exclusive of all others, that 20 the Indians coul.l not pnt,!,.! tUvy lm,l oncmiel.-.l ..pot. th-m. Tl.m. contract, vvctl. as firm aa the Indians coi.i.l mak, th.m \,y such ucienioMi..s as wcmv most .sacred and obligatory .unong them. In the year 1080 we find tlie Company in pcs.se.ssion of five settlements, viz., Albany River Hayes Island, Rupert's River, Fort Wilson, an.l New Severn, Their trado at each of then was' very considerable. l e forts and factories of which the French hai)lie(l to Kinj^- (,'harles II. for a patent, which waa j,'rantetl to them on iind ol' Ahiy, A, I), IG'jC. (Shea's (Jharlcroix, Vol. 1, p. 57.) i^ny. First tliey took License to Siiour Uk La Salli; to Discoveh the Western I'akt of New Fkance. Louis, hy the ^Tace of C!(jd, Kinj,' of Fiai.ce and of Navarre, To our dear and well-heloved Robert Chevalier, Sieur .le la Salle, Greetinj,' : We have favonrahly received the uio.st Innnhle petition presentetl to Us in your name, to permit you to endeavour to discover the western part of Now France ; and we have the more willingly assented to that proposal, as ther(^ is nothjiig we have more at heai't than the discovery of that country, where there is a prospect of finding a way 10 to penetrate as far as Mexico, the success of which, to our satisfaction, and the advantage of our subjects in tliat country. We have every reason to expect from the application you have exhib- ited in clearing the hinds we granted you by the arret of Our (,'ounci! of the ll^th May, 1075, and Letters Patent of tlie siinie date, in forming settlements on said lands, and in placing Fort Fron- tenac, whereof we have granted you the S^'igniors an-l government, in a good state of defence These and other causes Us moving hereunto. We have permitted, and by these Presents, signed by our hand, do pe.uiit you to labor in the di.scovery of the western part of New France, and for the execution of this undertaking, to construct forts in the places you may think necessary whereof we will that you enjoy the same elau.sis and conditions as of Fort Frontenae according and conformably to our ..aid letters patent of the llUh May, 1 075, which we have, a,s 20 far as necessary, confirmed, and by these pre.s.nts do confirm. We will that they be executed according to thJir foi'in and tenor ; on condition, nevertheless, that you complete this enterprise within live years, in default whereof these presents shall be null and void ; and that you do not carry on any trade with the .savages called Outaoucs and others who carry their beavers and other peltries to Montreal ; that you perform the whole at your expense and that of your as.sociates, to whoir Nve have grantiKl, as a privilege, the trad.' in cibola skins. We command Count dc Front, iiac, Our Governor and Lieuteiiant-Oeneral, and Sieur Duchesneaw, Intendant of Justice Police and Finance, and its UHicers comprising th.; Sovereign Council in said Country, to aid in the execution of these presents. For such is Our pleasure. Given at St. Germain in laye, the the 12th of May, 1678, and of our reign the 35th. 30 Louis. CuLHEIlT. 's Geography (1747) (N. Y. Col. Man. Paris Docts., Vol. IX., p. 127.) 1687. In dc Coniporld, in the name of the company, ha' •^'••••^•^"' '" *''•' l-Ki"niny of can.in. ^ye passe.l i.y .sM,all rivers 1,1 ,', '" T""' "'" '""•"""^'•'^ ' *'•••"" '-^e Temi.s- tlu, entrance of wl.id, they l..i s 1 'Zr; ;;■ '•" ?'^ '; ''"' '•"•^" '^'^•^" "^ ^^^'""^i '-- afterwar,l,s ,h..scen,le,l towards St J • -" i''^' '" ^'fl * "^ '"-''' '''''■'' ^''"""•""'- ^'-'y acco,„panie' "'-'^ "'Hl' '^'"' ""^ -^P^^^-l the a piece which he was about to' Lhar^e.'^ "' '''"'''' '' '''''''' '''"''^^'*' "^"'^ -' billed by .o.t^:j:r;rg ■:;::;i:;r ^^ 'r '^? ^"r "•^^' --- ^- tirst. A boat found at Fort Monsi ,i wi r "i 1 . ?'"' ''"''"' '^'"^"'^°k the former .q force follovve,ltlK. .sea coast t.,reahu"^T;'" ^^T"' t^" -"^11 canon, and the little'' tl.e fort; d'Iberville aecon.pan ^ ^ ^t :dLr"'" '' ''"'"'T '"'^" -'---'--' "PPosite D^Troyes forccl the gate/of the for a, ,n 7 '""'""' '""'-•'' '"'fi'^^'-'ty wl-il.st be blown up, and the ^alasides tinwn down! '"'"'" "' '^^ ''^' '''''''' *'-' -^'-^'^ ^o Tho boat was sent t(j Monsini with th,. P„ ,i; i • repneved bin. soon afterwards. ^ D T oy : t^^ tl'"""": '" ^"''"'^'•^ "^ "^ -P-^tion proceed with his undortakin,. by seixin^I^^^iVnl, ''"'''''-■'""'•' eonunenceu.ent, desired to followed this expedition. Sir ll.n -ys'jnt 1 o ";'''" "" ^''""'''- '''''' -"- «"<=«--'^ r:::t-^;;:r;-:;di^^^^ -"-e-ce to make a breach in the^i;;- h.!;-; ^r^ t^f ^:;::;tltl t^^^I ^ ^« withr:^t:^4t:l:Z~:;:^ --. - ha.ened to send a .an wi:s:^:iirrSo:t-x;t::^^ p-. .ter ^U.^^I^IJZ'b-Z Jrisor :: j;:::;'-"^" ?^ '^'^^'^ - ^^^ ^-I-y«^ ^he North, from the enon.y. Six uk nt^^ ^'anco n a slnp .sent to transprt thither the furs taken comn.and,andprocee.le t W^^^^^ to re-place him iu the all its establislnnents with threxc^p on o ^^.rl N ' '. ^Tr'' '"""^' *'"^ ^'^'"I-^- '-*40 north of Fort Albany. ^-^'^^ Pt-on of iort Nelson situated several hundred u.iles to the *' chaiJtrcr;;^ if ^:::,f ;;^r::i r r- -' '^".^^"^"^" ^"^^ "^^-^ "^ ^"^ ^- - were surprised taken and e"; Z Iw f '""", "' "r' " f '^' ''''''' ■^'^^-'-' ^'^ «^''- were bound in the bottom of the^ioW Xrcthevn l"^^^^ "" '"' ''^' ■^"^"'"' •'^''"^•^' ^'^ "^''-^ nold wheic they passed the winter. The commander of the ship 2B rt, forty lcai,nioH from to attiiek the former .i, tened to scml a man jroat praise. After drowned Imnselt ,n sprini;, wl,,.,. he time rnme t„ make s„il the pilot and the oth.rsto the mmd.er of .SIX inade the h.ast v].,„;m. of the ( 'anadian.. a.ssist them. ()„e day when the greater pa.t of the I.ntish were alott the Canadi,,,, s.ein.u^ two only on the deck armed liin.self with an axe with which he .spilt th... heads of hoth and ran to deliver his cmrade, hoth seiz,.! arm.s and Msoemled to " ''^ 7"''''' ^'"■>' """''■ themsehvs masters and made the nhip take the diieeti.m of the French ports, on th.. way th.T met d'lherville who had armed a hont to free his men. The I'.ritish ship wa.s laden witli good.s and pn.vi.sions whicli were of f,'r..at a.ssi.stance in the Forts.-/'.,./,,,../. l(i2-(;. M. Talon foM.Co!rcrt,X,nu;,>hn- Wlh. H,7(). '■ Y ■• T inrnrsh tlio Kin- that some n.lventnrers have set ..ut t.. .liseover unk'm.wn countiies and t, .se.'k out tlnn^s which may 1,.. .,f use to his state. Acccor.lin- as I have n-lvh-es I shall 10 do.spateli others, with tlu; precaution neeessiiry to such enterprises. " I learn by tlie return ..f the Alu-..n,|uins, wlio will winter this year at Tn.l.ais.s.ic, that two European ves.sels have l,een s,.on very n,.ar Hu.lson's May, wh.TO they wigwam ns the Tn.lJMns expres,s it. After leHectin- on all th.. nations that mi-ht liave pen..trate.l as far imrth as that I can light ..nly on th.. Knglisli, who. un.l..r the guhlanc.. of a man name.l Des r!|.o..e!i..rs form..rly an inhabitant ..f (.'an.ida, might ix.,ssil,ly have atteinpte.l that navigation, of itself imt mueli Known, and not less dangerous. T inteiul .lispateliing thither overlan.l som.. man of resolution to invite the Kilistinons, who are in gr..at numhers in the vicinity .)f that Rav, to come .l..wn t.. see ns, a.'i the Ottawas di.i, in or.lev tliat we may have the first pick of what the latter savag.'s hriier us, who, acting a,s pedler.s between those nati.m.s and us, make us pay for a roun.l-ab.mt of .'{ .a 20 4 hundred leagues."— (A'. Y. Col. Docfii. Paris Doctn, vol. 9, p. G7.) " ^fy Lord to M. de Chemeau ; Utk May, 167H. " In proof of your representation that (;.,unt .le !< r.,ntenac under pretence of granting |.ass.>H to go hunting elu.Ios the execution of the ..r.ler prohibiting tra-img among the riulia-.s, you sen.l mo co[,y of a pass he gav some privat.^ person.s to hunt towanls Hudson's Buy. On this point y.,u ought to b. aware that this pass by no means proves what you advance, because it is of a.lvantage to tlie King's sorvic to go towards that Bay in onler to be able to contest the title theret., of the English wlu. pret..n.l to take possession of It, although it lies within the limits of the countries appertaining t.) the Crown. His Maj.-sty sails not to transmit y.iu the two annexed Ordinances which h.. also sen.ls to Count de Frontenac with orders to see that they be exociite.l."-(.V. Y. Col. DocU. Payi^ IhcLs, p. 7!)4.) '30 The King to iM. de la narr,; olh of August, IfiSH. " I recomnun.l you t.. prev..nt as much as po,ssible, the English establishing thems,.|ves in Hu.lson's Hay, possessi..ri whereof has been taken in my name several years a^, Vol. 9, p. 798.; M. I), hcauharaols to Count de Manrepas,WL Odoher,\'i\-^. "In regar.l to the posts on Hudson's Bay and those th.^y have establi.she.l on this sid... in tlie ilirection of Temiscaming. an.l whicli His Majesty has been pleased to recomnien.l me to emleavour to neutralize, or to iiit,.rly destroy if possible ; I have accordingly Sieur GuiUet who farms the post of Temiscaming, and has gamed the goo.I opinion and .-.mli.lence of all the nations th.^r.^^bouts, to prevail .m''th..in to u ass(!inblc toL,'otlior in tlie course of tliit wintiT in order to fall, nt tho openiiiK of tlio Nprlnp, as well Fort Uuiu'ft as on tho other posts in tlio diniction of Ilmlwon'H 15ay ; I have, in liko niannur on recuivin;,' nows of tho war, sent onleiH to MisMirnimkinac, to he transniitti'il to Alopimi- gon, and the other posts in that ncij^'hliorhood, so that they may all co-operato in tho destruction of tho Eni,'lish estahlishmoiits at tho North, and among the rest, of that newly huilt about twenty leagues Miehipicoton, l>y a Canadinn refuyee, who has Pduduptcd thither seven or eij^'ht Kiii,'lish- mon who trade there; and I have ordered not (mly the foreihle ile.struetion of that estahlishment, but also that the Canadian lie killed, if it lie inijiossihle to sieze him. T have also given Sieur Guillet notice, that I should, at tho very opening of spring despateh a party of Frenchmen and Iiidiims, under tho command of an officer and some others, so as to make a simultaneous attnek !'l on those po«ts. Sieur Ouill'-t is to warn those Indians of this expedition, in onh'r that they may hold themselves in readiness to join it, and in fact I calculate on sending it thitlnr as soon as tho season will pernut, and I beg you, My Lord, to assure Ilis Majesty that I will not neglect any- thing to utterly destroy, if possible, the English establishments in that nuarter, as well as all those the difficulties wliereof I shall bo able to surmount."— A''. )'. Col. Duds. Paris Doch, vol, 9, p. 1105. M. dc lii'duharuolfi (<> Count de Maurcjxt'i, 18/// June, 174r). "In other respects everything is quiet on this side. T am on my guard, and merely on the defensive, not being able to act otlensivelv, as I had the honoin- to inform you, either against New England or tho posts on Hudson's Bay, in consiujuence of the want in the King's stores and even in those of the merchants, :iO of the supplies nece.ssary for such expeditions, a circun\stanco I was not informed of last autunni Besides, tho iiresorvation of our possessions and forts, in tho interior of the Colony, being my principal object, I considered it more prudent not to divest ourselves of our suiall means of resist- ance in ca.se of attnek, and to suspend the othur projects, until I am in a condition to execute them."— fiV". 1'. Col. Docts. Pari^ Doets, Vol. 1, p. 20.; Hudson's Bay Company's Memorial to the Lords of Trade, 17')0. When Conunissioners were appointed in IT.'JO to settle tlie various disputes relating to tho boundaries between tho possessions of England and France in America, the Hudson's 13ay Company again addressed a memorial to the Lords of Trade and Plantations, relating to tho extent of country which they claimed under their cliartcr. It is dated Skd of October, IT'jOyo and reads as follows • — " The said Governor and Company, in obedience to your Lordships' orders of the 25th July, last, requiring them to laj' before your Lordships an account of the limits and boundaries of the territory granted to them, represent to your Lordships : " The said Strcights anrin{,', as Hity ; I Imvo, in like tmnsiiiittt'il to Alcpiini- srato in the tloHtniction uwly }iuilt ahont twenty (ovcii or ('i('lit Knt'lish- n of that estaMishmont, liavo also ^fivon Ricnr ^rty of Fronolnncn anil ) a Hiinultanoous attack !'• in onli'i' tliiit thoy may it tliitliiT as soon as tiie [ will not nc'f^loct any- ([nai'tev, as Wfll as all uds. Paris Doc* a, vol. her respects evtrytliin;^' not Ix'inp; able to net igland or the posts on 1 those of the nicrcliiuits, lio nfornietl of last autnnin r the Colony, heini^ my ir small means of resist- a comlitlon to execute IDE, 1750. )us disputes relating to erica, the Hudson's Bay ntations, relating to the ed 3rd of October, IT'^Oao orders of the 2oth July, s and boundaries of the md Bay, are now so well description than by the indaries of the lands and in the said grant, are as 2 said b.ay, and extending i; md the line hereinafter nipany's territories ; and ,sido or coast of tlie .said lands, then towards the I ; and towards the west, I extending from the bay Sff westward to thf i.tinost liniit>* of thos,. lands Kiit wh-n^ and how thosr lands tcnninatr to tin- westward is also uidinown, tlnaigli, prol.al^ly, it will he finrnd that they terniiimtr on tlir (Ireat South Sea ; and towards thr s„iiili, all th.. iaii.ls that lie at the .south en-l or .south ..idr or coast of the said Lay, the .xtent of which lands to the .south to be limited and divid.'d from the plao s app.Ttainiiig to the hvneh in tlios,. parts,l,ya liim lo 1,,. drawn for th. [airpos,., to begin fiuiu ihr Atlaiitie Oecau on the east side of an i.,larid called ( IriniingtoM's Island, otherwisr (-iip,. I'enlri.s, in III,' latitiulc of -)8J ou the babrador coast, and to br drawn from thrncc soutliwe.stwar.l to tli.' great lak.^ Miscosiid.e othervvi.se calleueen Aim,', dated liOth July, l7i:}, the .said bay and lands were delivered up to, \:e., and eonnnissioncrs were appointed to settle the .said limits and adjust the damages \c., and proceedini's 20 were had by the said connni.ssioners towards settling the .same, but they were never able to briii" tile .settlement of the .said limits to a tinal conclusion," kc. "The boundary line then proposed hy the 11, IJ. Co., to bu settled m the limits on the continent between them and the places i>elonging to the French at the .south end of the said Bay, as appears from the .several memoiials and a map or a plan then presented hy the sai""f j' ';;; acrriculture, the Indians of those parts bein- alto-ether a wanderin- people, and wholly sub..slm„ themselves by hunting, living' ..n the wild beasts they kill, au.^. (i.n.-ral Win. Shirley (as Mr. Shii'-V) was Captain-General and Commander-in-Chief of the l>,.ovine,- of Mas,sachusetts Hay iu l74i», .nd in July of that year it was agreed thiit Commis- >aries should be appointed to detiue, in an amieJ.le spirit, the boundaries between the colonial possessions of Great Britain and France in North America. There is proof that Mr. Shirley was originally one of ihese Commissaries, and that Mr. Mildmay was the other ; for on th. -Ist September. 1750, a memoire, signed " W. ^Il.irley "and •• W Mildmay "was presented to the Frendi Cammi.s.saries, respecting the boumlanes ot .Nova Scotia or Acadia, umler Art. 12 of the Tn-aty of Utrecht; ami on the lltb of January, 1751, a 40 second mdmoire on the same subject was signed by " W. Shirley " and ' \Vm. Mildmay, as l.riti.sh Commissaries at Paris; but it is evident that Mr. Shirley had cease.l to be a CJommissary m April, * Kiiton;il in Honk IMiuitiitioiiH (!. iienil 1 7t < >• Na. 14, K T. <'ivlicli I'lifi'iiii;,' till' liliy [iiinii[i;il liviT, ciillotl Tt'Df, mill o'liifH a ^;\■mi, [■20 u\\\rs lip tliiil river ti) till' sDiith and went iriiili-^ts, (in- iimiiitained ivvi', ill likr miiiiiKr, for I'mt Nelmm Hivor, and rivurn tlmt cdiiic into till' Haid Alliimy Iliver.lO V, and li'ivi- also Muvi-ral wliifli ri'iiiain tluTo tin- lit fall into tin- Naiiii', on liiiiidriMl miles inland to ITS and otluT furs, tlio rs, wliii'li till! Coiiiimny ick with thoni for tlieir thori', and wliicli it is IMS, and till' rivers that rik'ii at any considi'i-ahli' 20 cold as to admit of no li', and wholly subsisting thi'ir furs. kingdom that thu limits ng to the b'reiich, sliould ch should he obliged to ing up their settlements, Mlll'n lirrised llcpufis. 'M i Hays, Secretary."* OFFICE.) iiimander-in-t'hief nf the /as agreed that C'omniis- •ies between the colonial luiiissaries, and that Mr. signed " W. Shirley " and tiio boundaries of Nova nth of January, 1751, a40 ^'iii. Mildmay," as British le a Coinmi.ssary in April, 17o.j ; foe on the 2:.'), the comniis-iun was still sitting at Paris, On the I kh of .May of ihi.t year, u meii.oiie was deliveie ' by the French Ambas.sador in London (the Duke de Miivpoixito ihi' lliitish Miniver bir Foreign Atlaiis, in which was laid 10 down the following four points .,f discn^sioii : 1. biinils uf .Aeadia. '2. Limits of Canada. ;{. The course and territory of the Ohio. 4, The isJMiids of St, Lueia, St, Vincent, Dominica, and Tobago. With regard to the limits of Canada the memoiiv ran as follows :— •• The Court of France liave decisively rejected, and will always reject, the proposition which has been- made l.y Kiiglaiid, thiit the s.iutheni bank of the lliver St. Lawrence, and Lakes Ontario and Krie shall serve as buundarie.s ln'tweeii the two nations. " It is neces.sary to establish as a biise of negotiation relative to this Article, that the River St. 20 Lawrence is the centre of Cniiadu. This truth is Justide,! by all titles, by all authors, and by posse.s,sioii. All that France will be able to admit, after having e.stablished this principle, which cannot be rea.sonably contradicted, is to examine, in regard to this object, whether thi' reciprocal convenience of the two nations can exact some partienlar arrangement thereto, in order to fix invariMlily the respi'ctlve boundaries. " The only pret.'Xt the Knglish make usj of to colour tbeir pretensions is drawn froin Article 1,-) of the Treaty of Utrecht; but in examining attentively all the expressions of that Article, it is evhlent that nothing i- less founded than the inductions which the Court of London actually wish 1... .1. I',.,,,., ii to draw from it " 1. It is only a ipu'stion in this Article of the pcr.son of the savages, and not at all of their countrv, or prelemh-d territory, since they have no determined territory, and the only knowledge they have of property is the actual use they make of tl.e land they occupy to-day, and which they will cease perhaps to occupy to-morrow. M) jject of one in should " 2. It wouM be absurd to pretend that everywhere where a savage, a friend or subje of the two Crowns, should make a passing residence, thiit country that he had dwelt i belong to the Crown of which he might be the subject or the friend. '•-.]. The savages in question are free and independent, and there are none that could be called subjects of one or'the other Crown ; the enunciation of the Treaty of Utrecht in this respect is inei.rrect and cannot change the nature of tbbigs. It is certain that no Englishman would dare, 28 witliout running the risk of In-in^ miiMsarivd, to t.-ll the Tro.niois that they are Hnhjeots of Kiiifland ; tlicsc Kavn.^o tiiitii iw jrovern thcm-i'lvcs, niid aiv as much, and more, fiiemls and allips of Franco than of Knolai.d i several French families are even affiliated anion^' the Iroquois, and liave dwelt with them durinr; the ronrse of the last u-^>", durin.ir which tlu. tive nations preserved the most exact nentrality. "4. Article ir. of th.. Treaty of Utrecht contains the same stipulations, ns much in favour of the French as in favour of th'e Eni^'lish, and th(-e stipulations are iQutual ; the French conld, then snstain with a Letter title than the Ennlish pret..nd ahout the Iro.iuois, that the nations Ah,cuted, becansr in fact, it is scarcely susceptible of execution, since such a savage nation, which to-day is friendly to-morrow may become an enemy, and, C(mse(|Uently, the fixation which might have been appointed for it would he continually contradicted by fact. "All that has just been exposed proves clearly that in di.scussiiig coiic'ining the rules of tli. justice and right of Article 1.') of the Treaty of TTtrecht, it will be easy to destroy the false interpretations that have been given it: it will not be less easy to demonstrate that the Englis'i ^ .shouhl not be determined by any motive of interest to put f.u'ward th.> pretensions they hav.-^ formed : it is not a question in these vast regions of America, to dispute about a little more or a little less lan.l. The essential interest is eonlined to two objects, th.at of .security ami that of commerce ; and the Cimrt of France will b,- id ways disposed to concert, in these two iv^p,.ets, with that of London, e(|uitable and solid arrangements as well for the piesent as f r the future." On the 7th of Juiii' following, the Dritish (iovernmeiit returned a reply to this nK'inoire repeating Article by Article, and with reference to the limits of Cana leave neutral, and not posse.ssi>d by either of tl;e two n.itions, in ivsi.rve for the borders that are proiiosed to be drawn for it, ought to be reganled or Ins ever bi'i'ii ciaisi.leivd as a part of C;uia.la, since the contrary has been demon- strated by authi'iilie luoofs. X.ither e;iii ' b-eat Hiiiain admit that France has riudit to f-akes Ontario an 1 Kr'v. and the Nia-ara River, and to the naviLration of these waters exclusively, since 29 mt they arc Huhjeots of iiioro, friemls ami allies rnong the Iroiniois, and tivo nations iivcscrvoil ions, as innch in favour itiial ; tlio Fi'eiu;h could, i()(|Uois, tlmt till! nations ,c., are siilijeutfi <>f France Peninsula of Cote, Cape I" to form settlements there !houa|,'en on the shores i I' Utrecht ; Franee has iiui on the Fort of Choua>;en iit it would authorize tin tjre nations, under iirete\i well exponndeil, assures iselves, or with Kui'ijiean colonies to k" «"'^ ^radi 2'> > Am(M"ieiin nations shall Kit lieen ex 'Cuti'd, lieeaus" whiith to-day is friendly ii;,'ht have been appointed K'ernini; the I'ldes of tin >a.sv to destroy the false instrate that the FnL(lis'i he pretensions tliev hasc'"' ■ aliout a little mnri^ or a !)t of security and that of in thisi' two respects, with t as fc'i' the future." 1 a reply to this nu'moii'c , said : he Memorial the centre of the River St. Lawrence is possihie that tlie cotn'se of I'cat l-5ritain eantiot Lrrant ^q tht! southern hank of the utral, and not possessed liy o he drawn for it, oii;,dit to contrary has heen di-mon- Prance has riudit to Tjakes ii' waters exelusivelv, since it is eviilent, hy inpontestihle facts, that the snlijects of Great Britain and of France, as well as the Five Nation lroi|Uois, have indiscriminately made use of the navij^ulioM of thee l.ikes and this river, aceordine; as occasions and convenience have reipiired ; hut a.s regards a jiiece situated on the s(Mith haidvof tiie lliver St. Lawi'ence, exclusive of that alrenily ])i'opd this most solenuily ; she has well weii^hed the importance of that avowal at the time of tiie sij;nin<,' of this Treaty, and Great Bi'itain can never depart from it: till' countries po-isesse.l by these Indians are verv well known, and firt> not at all as indeterminate as is prcteniled in the Memorial ; they possess and transfer them, as other pi-oprietors do evei-y- wliere else. 20 "2. Great Britain has never pretended that the country in which a savage should make a passiiiif residence would belong,' to the Crown whose subjiK't or fi'iend he niiL;ht be, " :}. However lr(;e and independent the savaj;es in (jue.stion may be (which is a ])oint which the Court of (Jreat Britain does not at all wish to discuss), they can only be rej^arded as subjects of (beat Britain, and treated as such by France in ])articular, since .she has solemnly eni,'aged hei'self by the Treaty of Utrecht, renewed and contirnied in the best form by that of Aixda- Chapelle, to re,:,fard them as .such : the nature of thin;;s is not chany;ed by the Treaty of Utrecht. The .same people, the same country, exists still; but the ackiiowledj^emeiit made by France of the subjection of till' Iro(|Uoisto Great Ih'itaiii is a perpetual proof of her I'ii^ht in this i-es|)ect, which can never be disputed with lu'r by France. ;i() " 4. It is true that the loth Article of the Treaty of Utrecht contains the same stipulations ill favoui of the French as in favour of the English, with regard to such Imlian nations as shall be deemed, after the conclusion ol this Tri aty, by Conunis,saries, to ln' subjects of Great Britain or of France: but as to what is mentioned of the five nations or Cantons Iroipiois, France has distinctly and spccitieally declared by the said loth Article that they are subjects u( (Jreat Bi'itain, ' MdijiKi liril'tiniid iiii/ii'vii) Knfijci'lii,' and consi'ipiently this is a point to be no more disputed about. " n. In whatever manner on(> interprets the Treaty of Utrecht with respect to the trade whii'h will be permitted the Knglish and Krench to carry on indiscriminately with the savagt> nations, it is lie vert helesM very certain that s i-h a general trade is by no means forbidilen by this Treaty, 40 It is an ordinary ami natural right to transact business with ont^'s own subjects, allies or friends ; but to come in force into the territories belonging to the subjects or allies of another Crown, to build fiats there, to tleprive theiii of tlunr territories and to appropriati^ them, is not and will not be authorized by any pretension, not even by the most uncertain of all, viz, convenience. However, such are the forts of Frederick, Niagara, Presiprisle, ilivicre-aux-lxeufs, and all those that have bei'U iaiilt on the Oyo and in the adjacent countries. Whatever pretext F'rance can u 80 iilleije for rej^ardinn; theso countvios as ilopondviicieH of Canada, it is coi'tainly tnit> that tlioy have licloiigfd to, and (inasmuch as they have not lieen ceded or transferred to tlie English) belong still to the same Indian nations that France has agreed, by the lotli Article of tlie Treaty of Utrecht not to molest,' Nulla iii, posteram impedimente dut niolfHtia effi,ciant.' "fi. It lias already been jjiovcd that France has, by the express words of the said Treaty, fully and absolutely reengiiized the Iro(|n()is as sMbjeets of (ireat Britain. It would not have been as ditlicult as is preteiukHl in the Memorial to come to an agreement on the suipjeets of the other Indians, if, among the many Commissicms which have emanated to settle this point, there hud been a mutual disposition to come to a conclusion. The acts of these Cnnnnissions have suHicicntly shown the true rea.sons which have prevented the execetion of the loth Article of ttie Treaty of 10 Utrecht, without recourse to an imaginary suppo.sition, as if the Treaty was not capable i.f being executed; a supposition which is evidently destroyed by tlie Treaty itself with regard to the Inxjuois nations." On the 22nd of July, 17')'), Monsieur de Mirepoix, the French Ambassador, left England by order of his Court, without taking leave; consequently, on the same day, Mr. de Cosiie was instructed by His Hritannic Majesty's Uovernmeut to (juit France inimeiliately without taking leave, and to repair to England, which he did on the •2.')th, and .'irrived in Hn^'land, with all his public papers, on the ."list of the same month. Negotiations were accordingly su.spended, and on the 17t!i of May, I7")<), war was deelai'ed by Great Britain against France; followed, on the !ttli of June, by a French ordonnanee declaring -n war against England. No further reports than tho.se above described would appear to have bmin maih' to the Government liy the English Conimi«.suries betwei'ii the 1st of April, 17o"), and March, 17')(i. The following is an account of what pa.s.sed between the 2()th March and 2()th Si^ptemlier, 17t)l : On the 2tJth of March, 1701, the l^uc de Choi.seul, in the name of the King of France atldre.ssed the King of Great Britain, thror.gh Mr. Pitt, a letti'r, connnunicating ])ropo.sals as t,. the basis of negotiations for a separate peace between England and France, in addition to those pending to secmv a general European peace. On the Mth of April, the British reply was forwarded to the Duke, containing the views of the Court of St. James as to the ])roper basis to be estalilished, in which willingness was ex])ressid lilt to receive an Envoy duly auth(jrized to enter into negotiations, 'i'he result i>f this was, that .\1, de Hiis.sy was appointe(| French Minister to London, am; Mr. Hans Stanley was sent in a similar capacity from Great ISritain to Paris, these diplomatists arriving at their respective posts early in June of the same year. Negotiations were innnediatidy set on foot for the cimelusioii of peace between Franci' and Englaml ; but the chief ditliculty in arriving at an amicable undei'standing consisteil in the desire of the French to ictain the tisheries at ami near Cape Breton. On the (piestion of Canada, under date of the I7tli June, the Duke de (.'hoiseul bad demanded that the boundary of (""anada in that part of the Ohio which is regulateil by the water-line, .iipI so clearlj' defined by the Treaty inider discussion, be so established, that there may not bi' any 4(1 contestation between the two nations ;is tn the saiil bnund.'irles. On the 2()tll of Jinie the above proposal nf I lie hue de Choiseu' ."s to the fixation of new limits ti) < 'aniidii towaids tin' < bio. was lejected by dieat Bi'ituin mi the grounds that it was f inly true that tliuy have the Enf,'li.sl)) bolonif still if the Treaty of Utri'cht jf the said Treaty, fully would Hot have liceii as the Htilijeets of the other ,lo this i)oint, there had missions hiivc sutlicicuitly Article of the Treaty oflO ■as not eapiihle of licitiL,' tstlt' with le^ard to tlie ussador, left Eii^fland hy day, Mr. de ("osue was lediately without takiu;; ill EiiLrlariil, with all his ■, 17'"><), war was deelared ch ordoiiiiaiice declariii'' 2" have lH!(!n iiKulc to tin , and March, 17 ■'><). id -iOth Si'iiteiiil.cr, 17(il of the Kin<; of Franei iinieatiiiix projiosals as {< nee, in addition to thosi ■, contaiiiinj^ the views of ivilliii;;iiess was ex])ressi'd .')() suit of this was, that .M. ey was sint ill a similar • respcetive posts rarly in ■aee lietweeii France and 111,' consisteil ill the dcsiri' e (.'hoiseul had deiiiandiii •d liy thi' wati'i'diiic. n\i>\ lat there may not 1m' ■■my 41) s to the fixation of new the "■rounds that it was 31 "cai.tious and insidious; thrown out in hopes, if a^'r 1 to, to shorten therehy the extent of Canada, and to leii-fhm the houndaries of Louisiana, and in the view to estahlish what must not he admitted, iiamery, that all that was not Canada was i.ouisiana, whrrehy all the inlermediatr nations and eountrirs, thr true harrier to each I'rovinee, would he -iveii up to France." The intentions of the Court of St. .lam.s were further fully set forth, as to Canada, in the followinL;^ passauje of the same letter:— •' First, then, the Kino will never depart from the total and entire cession, on the part of FnuKv, without iiew limits or any exception whatever, of all Canada and its .lependencies." Oil the 2ltth June Mr. Staiilry rej)orted that • the southern houiuls of Canada were to he .so settlcl as to 'dve that I'rovinee entire and ni.niutilale,l to Great Hritain, such a.s France, in short, 10 held it in airrespects;" and on the 1st July he stated that "it was aj,'reed that Canada, as that I'rovinee was determined hy their (French) goojrrapluTs and historians, as well as hy the respective civil and military Departments, should be ceded, undismembered and entire to Great Britain." li: his despatch of the I4th July, 17til, Mr. Stanley forwarded a Memoire containing proposals from the Due de Choiseul, Art. I of which ran as follows :— '■ 1. The King cedes and guarantees Canada to the King of Kngland, such as it has been, and in right ought to be possessed by France, without restriction, and without the liberty of returning upon any lueteiice whatever against this cession or guaranty, and without interrupting the Crown of England in the entire possessioi: of Canada." It must, however, be remembered that other (piestions of great importance bearing on 20 European interests were involved in tliese negotiations for iieacc ; aii.l as ditliculties were offered by France I the British proposals, on the 2.Uli of July Mr. Stanley was instructed to present an ultimatum from Great Britain, the fir.st point of which related to Canada, and declare.l that " His liritannie Majesty would never depart from the total and entire cession on the part of France, without new limits, or any exception whatever, of all Canada ami its dependencies." r> •-.• reply of France to this ultimatum was transmitted home in Mr. Stanley's despatch of the •tu. ..agu.st which containeil the following clause with regard to Canada : '■ The King consents to cede Canada to England in the moi^t extensive form, as speciHed in the memorial of propositions." Nevertheless, the replies of the French Government to the other demands were not deemed salislactory, and Mr. Stanley, assuming that the Treaty had failed, stated in hi .patch of the Gth August, that he was •'convinced that the .sole cause of the failure was .leternnned resistance of the French as to the entire concession of the fishery." M de Bussy was, as has been stated, at this time French Minister in London, an.l on the IHth August he furnished to Mr I'itt a memo, upon the limits of Louisiana, which bore ui.on the limits of Canada, and ran thus : " On the limits of Louisiana. " To Hx the limits of Louisiana towards the, English (Colonies and Canada, a lino should be drawn which will oxteml from Rio I'ereido, bet^v 11 the Hay of Mobile and that of I ensacola ^^^ passing by Fort Toulou.se in the Alimabo.is, and which, being prolonged by the western point of Il.fl ^. -■ Ifi .S2 Lake P]rip will enclose the river of the Miamis, imd hy the eastern extremity of l^ake Huron will go anil meet tilt; liigli laii.i.s un the Hide of llu.lsuii's Day Uj\vai>l llio Lake of Aliiiihis, iVoni whence the line will bo continued from east to went \\\> to and coiiiprisin!^ Lake Superior." Instructions, however, accompanied by an ultimatum, were transmitted under dale the 27th August, 17C1, to iMr. Stanley, in which it wus laid down that these limits eould not be accetlcd to and Mr. I'itt, in alluding to the conduct uf France, stated that among the reasons whereby Hrili.sh conlidjnce had been shaken, wus " the claiming, as Louisiana, with an ellVontery unparalleled, vast regions which the Marquis of Vaudreuil had surrendered to General Andierst, as Canada, and defined himself, with his own hand, a^ comprehentled in the government of that Province where he commanded :" and Mr. Pitt gave the following definition of the boundaries of Canada, as set 10 forth by M. de Vamlreuil : "Canada, according to the line of its linuts traced by the Marquis de Vaudreuil himself, when this Governor-Cieneral surreiidere.l, by capitulation, the said Province 1 1 the British (ieneral, Chevalier Amherst, ct)ni})riseH, on one side. Lakes Huron, Michigan and Superior, and the said line drawn from Lake Houg embraces by a toi'tuous course the River ()>iabaclii.> (Wabash) up to its junction with the Ohio, and from there extends the length i>f this river inclusively, until its confiuence into the Mississi|»pi ;" and on this definition of the limits of Canada, its cession was claimed ; a copy of M. de Vaudreuil's map being sent to Mr. Stanley for reference, together with an extract of a letter from Ueneral Amherst, dated -ilh October, 1700, bearing upon that subject Annexed hereto will be found a further copy of that map of M. de Vaudreuil, to which Mr. 20 Pitt referred, which has been made from the original enclosed by General Amherst in his despatch of 4th October 170O, from which document also the following extracts have been taken : I'ariBhes, 4(i Coiiipauius < >S7 )f .\Iiliti,i. i\ uiulicr III iMilitiit. 7 ;i:Ji TuUl of ^iuill ;J7 200 19 lli 1 105 ;iss 48 (14 7 1)76 32 584 108 170 10 412 70 172 Statk ok Canada. Government of Montreal : — Government of Three Rivers :- Government of Quebec ; — Total of Canada : — " The Government of Canada includes LaKes Huron, Michigan and Superior, as you will see 30 by the enclosed sketch, the red lino being marked by the Marquis do Vaudreuil. " The above State is taken only from the part beginning above the Island of Montreal, with the Cedars and Vaudreuil on the north-west of the River St. Lawrence, and Chateau-Gay on the south-east, and ends with Lerthier on the north-west of the river, the Island of Dupas and Sorel on the south-east." " The Government of Trois Rivieres joins that of Montieal with Maskenongy on the nertii- weat, and Yama-ska on the .south-east, and ends with Ste. Anne on the north-west, and Ste. Pierre de Becquit on the south-east of the River St. Lawri'nce." "The Govoriimeiit of Quebec begins witli Grondiui'S on the a )rth-west and de (ha lion on the .south-ea.st, and takes in all the parishes from there down the River St. Lawrence." 40 It is further recorded on the 2nd September, tlie Marquis de Vaudreuil's map was shown to the Due de Choiseul by Mr. Staidey, and that the bounds of Canada were agreed upon as therein 38 I'liiity of Lake Unroll will i- ol' Aliiiibis, I'loiu wlioiico Superior." itted uiiilt'i' dale tlio 27tli ils could not Ih! accudod to ic n'asons vvliuivliy British irouti-ry uupariilloled, vast 1 Audieivst, as Canada, and at of that Pruviiicj wlioro uiidarii'.s ol Canada, as set lo lo Vaudiruil hiinseli, when \: ti thc! Britisli (iuneral, SupLTioi', and tlic said lino abaclie (Waliash) up to its •iver inclusively, until its oi" Canada, its cession was ji- reference, together with bearinj^ upon that subject Jt! Vaudieuil, to wliii'h Mr. 20 General Amherst in his jwiiii; extracts have been ilior 111 Militi.'i. Total of Souls. 7 ;V-n 37 200 1 105 G :5SS 7 976 32 584 (J 4.1: 7(5 172 (i Superior, as you will see 30 ►'^audreuil. Island of Montreal, with ■, and Chateau-day on tlie Island of iJupas and Sonl Maskenonify on the north- northwest, and Ste. I'ii-ire ■th-we.-.t and de ( 'ha lion on St. Lawrence." .(.Q ilreiiil's iiiaj) wa.s shown to ere agreed upon as therein stated. This fact is further substantiated by a passni^e in Mr. Stanley's di'spalch of the 4th of that month, which runs as follows; — "The Due de Choiseul coinjilained that tlir bounds of Cniiaila were laid down very unfavourably to France, in the description which your Memorial ontains, al!e;,'inn- (nic) that there had been disputes between the Maii(uis de Vauihetiil and the Governor of Louisiana with noiud to the limits of their two Provinces, wherein the former, bciiiy the more able and t e more active, had greatly enlarged his jurisdiction. Me added, however, that though many sueli objections might he made, it had been the intention of the King his master to make the uiost full and complet cession of Canada, and that ho consented in his name to those limits. 1 then produced tlie map you sent me, and it was agreed that this Province .sliould remain to Britain, as it is there 10 delineated." The last Mt^moirc of Franco to England, in those negotiations, is dated Hth September, and was delivered by M. de Bu.ssy to Mr. I'itt on the 14th. The l.st Article fully confirms the acceptance hy Franco of the do Vaudreuil* nuip, and statse as follows : — '■ The King has declared in his first Memorial of propositions, and in his ultimatum, that he will cede and guarantee to England the po,sse.ssi(jn of Canada, in tlie most ample manner. His Majesty still persists in that offer, and without discu.ssing the line of its limits marked on a map presented by Mr. Stanley,— as that line, on which England rests its demands, is without doubt the mcst extensive bound which can be given to the cession,— the King is willing to grant it." 20 On September 1.5th, in consequence of the non-accejitance by France of the terms ofi'ered by Great Britain, instructions were sent to the Hritisli Minister at Paris to demand his passports, and on the 21st a pa.ssport was sent to M. do Bussy, the French Envoy in London. On tlie 20th, Mr. Stanley received his passport, together with an assurance that the King of France would be found at any time willing to re-open these negotiations, which were in effect resumed the following year ; for on the 2!)th .Vugnst, 17C2, tlie French King despat.thed the Due de Nivernois to London to carry over the peace propositions ; and as a result jireliminary Articles of Peace were signeil at Fontainebleau on the 3rd November, 1762. From these is given the following extract : — " His Majesty renounces all the pretensions that he had formerly formed, or could form, for 30 New Scotland or Acadia, in all its parts, and guarantees it quite entire anrios entitle them to its cintinuaiiee. You will observe ;{') {. HOLROYD. ained in the Charter, and in into Hudson's Bay, as . valid one to tlie £;rant of :; countries, the waters of on, that were not at the ince, and whicli have not 10 jssion thereof teing taken ie all other persons from dy occupied by them and ions from using the navi- o the}' entitled to prevent fivers, and in those places prevent any person fi'om merchandise to another 20 pany may not exclude all i of the posts occupied by thstanding the grant of a and though such a grant inclined to think that all •e trade is in that respect ■ territory must he taken trade there, and to their doing what is necessary 30 1 be entitled to if the soil se may be regulated in a et I am inclined to think there, and incidentally of I to think, therefore, that pass and cross along the by .'alls, to pass over the es and their merchandise therefore, that the com- ings, or from landing on 40 r prevent the Canadian or other countries not for nearly forty years rsee. You will observe »i », that it is impossible for the Canadian traders to traverse the companies territories without cutting wood or using the water found in the course of their journey and iiitching their tents upon the company's lands, and on this heail you will fuitlier please to say whether there are rights which the Canadian traders can acquire by any, and what length of possession ? To 4th. — I think that the company have not any right by law to prevent this. In the infancy of a country, all these things may Ik; necessary to be done in order to exercise the right of trade, and so long us they are necessary, and witliout whieli the country caimot Vie traversed for the purposes of trade, so long as the i-iglit to do these things arc, (is it seems to mo, upon the principles of reason and law and from necessity increased to the right of trade, without which it cannot exist. I am inclined to think, therefore, that until these conveniences are otherwise pro- 10 vided, can be otherwise had, trad'TS may, in traversing the company's territories, provide themselves in a reasonable manner with what is necessary for fire, water and temporary habitation, though this be done upon and from lamls granted to or appropriated to other piu-poses. Twenty years exclusive enjoyment will trive, I tliink, a ri^'ht of po.sse.ssion, from which the party cannot be removed by ejectment or otherwise than by a real action, and CO years like enjoyment of any lands or tenements will give, I think, a complete title against the company. No action will, however, lie in the courts of law in England to recover lands or tenements abroad, or for trespass connnitted upon them. Hee 4 Term, Rip. 503. 5. .Su]iposing the company entitled to dispossess the Canadian traders and to maintain an exclusive riglit to trade witiiin their territories, what steps do you ailvise as the best to be 20 purchased for making the right cfl'cctual ? To 5th. Supposing the company were so entitled, this is a query embracing considerations of prudence, policy ai>d discretion, and which must depend, in every instance, upon tlv circumstances attending it and connected with if, which I, ther.'fore, cannot take upon wv to answer further than that an application may be advisable to the King's Ministers u|ion the suljcct, or to the King in Council in whom the original jurisdiction as to the b(mndaries of our Provinces in America is said to be rested. '' ''^'"•''^^' ^^■'"^■'' '' ^''-^ "^-^tle, he may defend, even with the direct de.struction ot lite It he cannot otherwise .iefeiid his possession ofit, but not to that extent with respect to ands or other property, as to which he must appeal to the laws in preference to taking away life tor its protection. •' 12. Supposing that in the course of such resistance or trespass on the part of the Canadian traders, any of them should be guilty of crime or misdemeanor, would the company be justified in terms ot a clause in their Charter above cited, in tnuismitting the party .n- parties to England and cou d the case there be brought to trial ,so as to subject the offenders to the punishment prescribed SO by law for the same offence in England. To 12th I think the company would not be justified in .sending the parties to England in this case unless in cases where a party is authorial by an Act of Parliament to be seized and sent o England for trial. The cause of seizure of the persons and sending them to England in the Charter is, I think, invalid. ^ 13. Seeing the territories within wliieh criminal jurisdiction is given by the 43rd Geo III c 138, to the Courts of Lower and Upper Canada, are " the Indian territories or parts of America not within the limits of either the said Provinces," can this Act be stated to give to these Courts jurisdiction within the territories of the Hudson's Bay Company ? To 13th. J am incline! to think that this Act does not extend to give to these Courts juris- 40 diction over the territories belonging to and in the possession of the Hudson's Bay Company It extends, I think, only to the Indian territories, not to tho.se belonging to England or held of its Crown. ^ 37 rs will be subject to the 14. If the company wove to eroct ('oiirts for the piiniMliiiifnt of crimoM, or if tliey wore to send homo ort'endors to Kiij,'liuul to he trioil, wduM the criiiiliiiil jurisdiction <;'ivun to tlio CourtH of Lower iiml Uppt-r Caniulu by the -iMnl (Jt;o. HI,, c 1!1W (HUpposinj; it to o.xtond to their territorioa) be thereViy superseHed i To 14th. Supposing the criminal jurisdiction yiven by Act of Parliament to the Courts of Upper and Lower Canada, to extend to these territories of tlie Hudson's P>ay Company, I think it would not be superseded by any Aet tiiat tlie Hudson's Bay (.'unipany niij^dit do. 15. There are partners o\' the NortliWest Company resident in London, who eonciu- in seniU ing persons from Canada into the eonipany's territory, for the purpose of trade. Does it appear to you that the company can la-ing and maintain a special action of damages on tlie case in Eng- 10 land against such partners of tlie Nortii-VVest Company resident in Lonihm ? To 15th. I think that no such action is maintainable against tliem ir. Enghind for any of the acts above alluded to in the case. 16. 'What would bo the ettect in such an action if it could be established that the traders employed by the North West C*onipany, not content with a fair participaticm in the trade, are in tlie practice of maltreating the native Indians to deter them from dealing witli the Hudson's Iky Company, and likewise of using violence and threats to intimidate the servants of the Hudson'a Bay Company from prosecuting their trade ? To IGth. If the action was maintainable against the above partners, the.se circumstances would I think, increase the damages. 20 17. Nothing is said in the Charter in regard to the amount of the capital of the company, or the manner of raising it. But in the year 1700 the original stock of the company sub.scribed at the date oi its Ciuirtcr, was trebled out of the prohts by adding the amount of the latter to the former, without dividing them. In the year 1720 it was again trebled, and a further subscription was opened, but it does not appear that subscriptions were received from any persons excepting proprietors of stock, who were allowed to subscribe in proportion to their stock. It is now proposed to raise a further capital, for which purpo.se two modes have been suggested : — Firstly : To offer to each proprietor who may be inclined to subscribe permission so to do in a given proportion to his existing stock, sui ject to the condition of iiis declaring his acceptance of ^^ this offer within a limited time, and in case of his failure or refusal to accept such offer, then his share of the new stock to bo offeied to the other stockholders, and in case of their failure or refusal to accept it. then such .share of the new stock to bo offered to public sale to the highest bi.lder. Secondly: It has been proposed to make a call on the present stockholders, pm rata of their, stock, with a declaration that, if they do not satisfy the call, their stock will be forfeited. You are reipiested to say whether either mode is within the powers given to tlie company by their Charter f The first of these modes is, I think, within the powers given to the comjiany by their charter, but not the 'ind. (Signed), O. S. Holroyd. Weymouth, Ist October, 1812. SH rnPY, QUEUIKS AND Ol'INIONS OF MH, CllUISK. ppear to l)o open to any material I. DocH tl.e right of the company to the property of the soil appear to I objection ? . ; . f ^he JC n 1. ' " r ''f " ''■';'""" "■"' ''^'''"- "••■•^"''"' ''3- ^.c charter. In the c s, o the Kast In.I a Con.pany r. Sandys, whieh arose in n2 Charles II., roporte.lhy Ski.mer 132 aiui Shower v 2, 'MC, hut nu.re fully i„ the State Trials v. 7, 401, where the East rn,lia « ,n„ v brought an ac ,o„ ou the ease against Mr. San,iys. i... iuva,iing their rights uu.l r s al ^ , to the sole an. exelusnv trade to the Eant I„.lie,s It was hekl by the Court of K 13 af e la o the hast I d.e«. au.l judgn.ent was g.ven f,.r then.. J.ord Chief Jnstiee Jeff, ies uave his opinion :ls :f i;::i;;tu""\"r''" '' '■: '-^^ ^^ England monopolies wer,':.!!;;:;:':;;:^ bu vvereal 'v ; : ^f '",""" '''"''^" ""^ ^^•^^'"^'^'' '>f others, were ,o monopdL but were allowe.l to he erected here, and were strengthened by usage and praetire in all tin.L The perin,l when this ju.lgment was given and the characters and principles of the iudcres who gave It, are cireumstanees which do not add to its authorifv Inf ;., fi ' ' ^ '^ J"'.'^*'*' '''"' ZZf'< "«l''l'"*'-'»'"" "' «»■ »»c „r tl,,. K„.t l,„li„„ On.panvr Sandy, doj no the proprietors of the soil, to hold to them and t ei u cesso ore T p"'""^ 'T '""'" common socage. This places the Governn.- «„ ''"^^^^-''O' « forevr, of the Crown in fee and whieh the Ea!t India clply^ooT ""'^""'' '" "" ^'""^ ^''"'"■""^ ^'^"'^^>"" ^-^ ^'"^^ '" tainedr;^^^^^^:^::;:;;:^^^ rr r'-' '--'-^^^ ing their territories and trailing tl. ' e Thl l^ht '/^^^ may exclude all persons from enter- ^" not flow, also belongs to the cot,pa v s nroor ef f h i'^' ? *'", '"'"■^ ''^'''' '^' '^^' ^^'' prevent those who Hsh in the sZ in fl.^ r. ''"'''■ '^"'^ ''"■•^' "'••'■^' '" ^1'"^ character V. Brown, Sar 1 1 14 '"""*'''' '^'^ ""' ''^"•'^ f'"'" '"'"''■"K t'i-" tish. Ipswich iuisi-:. to lie open to any material (lispiisscd in inn(iorn times, ■A''\ liy the Clmrtcr. In tlic r., leiioitcd hy Sltetl it, Digest Tit. Trade, -' the subject from trade irrcn r. Matthews, G Mod. ;{() ers whore the tide tlows ■s not exeluile any British upon which the case of s Bay Company. In the , the company are made f the Ci-own in fee and nt sitnatitm from that in If grant of the soil con- e all persons from enter- era where the tide does y may in that character iiiig th..-" Csh. Ip.swich 40 :)9 2. Will that right be lield to include all the country, the waters of wliicli run into iiiulson'H Bay? The iliscription of the lands granted is, by reference to the grant of im exclusive trade, where the wonls are: "All those sea.s, straits, bays, rivers, lakes, cre>eks, sounds in svhatsoever latitude they slifvll be, within the entrance of the straits commonly called lluilson's Straits, together with all the lands and territories upon the countries, coasts, and confines uf the seas, bays, lakes, rivers, creeks and sounds aforesaid.'' The objection to this description is that it is too general, there being no boundaries mentioned. Hut I apprehenil that as the Charter is granted by the King's especial grace, certain knowledge and mere motion, it wouhl be con-.tnied liberally, un. The Hudson's Bay Company as proprietors of the soil are clearly entitled to exclude all pe'.-sons as well British subjects as foreigners from occupying any part of their land. 4. Are they entitled to exclusive traubjects entitlcl to nuike use of the internal navigation of rivers and creeks which run through the Com])any's Torritorioa ? Supposin.'thograntof an exclusive trade to be void, as a monopoly, still the company, as proprietors of the soil, may exclude all persons from navigating the inland rivers and creeks within their limits. 7 On the other hand, how far have the company a right, as proprietors of the land, to prevent that trespass which must be committc.l on their property by .ther traders, in u.sing the navigation of these rivers where it is interrupted by falls, and where it is necessary to carry the good.s, etc., by land. The company, as proprietors of the soil, liave a right to protect and pre.serve their property, and to use all lawful means for that purpose. I 8 Supposing a forcible attempt on the part of the Canadian traders to trespass where they Ihavo no rhrht to go or to maintain their intrusive and illegal professions, would the servants of the, ' Hudson's Bay Company be legally responsible for the consequence of asserting by force che rights of the company ? If the Canadian trader, should be guilty of any violence, the proper remcJv ^vid be by action or indictment. 40 U. U thu civil ami criiiiiiitil jurisdiutiou giantod to tite L-ompany valid, and, if valid, to what oxtuut will thu CloveriiDrs and (Council appuiiitcd Uy tla- compimy !»' mitliorizid In jxinish utri'iiCfM ajjainst the law, and will their power bo liinitud tu tln' n. rvaiits of ihi- company only, or will it extend to settlers holduiff lands by grants from the company, or to any otluT description of jjeoplo residing in the Territory f The civil and criminal jurisdiction granted by the Charter may be exereised by the company by authorizing their (}overnor and Council to hold a Court of Justice in whicli the Knglish law may be administered, and by the appointment of a SherilF to execute the- judgments of such I'ourt, the individuals subject to the jurisdiction of this Court, will be according to the words of the Charter; " Al! persons belotiiring to the said Governor and Comjmny, or that shall live under I') them," so that as to Canadians entering the territories of the company ami violating their property, the pnmocution must be either in the Courts of Upper or Lower (Janaila, or in the Courts of West- minster, and I think that a special action on the ease would lie, and might be brought by the company in the Courts of Upper Canada. As to the Courts of Lower C'anada, they [iroceed according to the French law, and, therefore, I cannot point out the mode in which redress may be obtained in them. If any of the p^-rsons who are partners in the North-West Company are resident in Eng' id, and it could be prover to judK'o in all causes, whctlitr civil or criniinul, and therefor.' the «i(.vernor and liisCMunell, residing in A iiri-ica. may try fidoiiics, and inllict c;ipital punishments. This nppciu' dearly from the cIuumu in tho ciiarlcV paL,'c !«4; Thai in case any ciimu is cimimitted wh<'iv llit-re is no Governor and Council, th.' ( hicf Factor of that place shall transmit the party to where there shall be a Governor and Council, wbcii' justice may lie executed. a. SupiM.siiij,' your opinion to be that tie; words "or that shall live under them ' will apply- to the Canadian traders ; and supposing the sberitf to proocid under a warrant from ^ Court of 10 Justice, to 111! held by the authority of the Governor and Council, to dispossess any of the Cana- dians from tiieir intrusive possessions, and that the intruders shall resist ; will the shcritf be justi- ticd in using force ; amt in case death should ensue, will thu sherilf or any other p.".rry concerned be liable to indictment in the C(mrts of Upper or Lower Canada, under the 43 Geo. III., c. 138 i A sherilf (hily appointed by a Governor and Council residing at Hudson s Bay, would have the same power and authority as a sheriff of an English county ; and ^uch a sheriff would not be liable to an indictment in the Courts of Upper or Lowiu- Canada. The introductory clause of the Statute i'\ (}eo. 111., c. l;iH, shews that the intention of the Legisjaliiiv was only to give a power of acting where a crime was not cognizable by any juri.sdicticm whatever; by which means great ollences"went nni)uni.slied, and certainly did not aflect the power of erecting a Court of .lustice 20 given to the Hudson's Bay Company. Now, if a Court of Justice be established in llud.sons Bay, the jurispiction given by the above Act to the Courts of Upper and Lower Canada will become unnecessary. 4. Will the ccaipany b-. varranted in establishing and maintaining a body of armed men to defend their exclu iv ■ tight I the .soil and to act as a police guard and support the sheriff whom they ai)i)oiiit in th tb .d.i.-ge . • his duty ; and if such armed body may be established, may the company direct it to '..■ subi!;,,!, to and be governed by the British articles of war. I do not think the company would be warranted in establishing an armed force. The sheritt, if resisted, may call out the ^jy.s,S(i cumihUuH, which comprises all the gentlemen, yeomen, laborers, servants, appieiitices, and all others above the age of !.'> years, within the county, who will be 30 obliged to assist him in enforcing tlu; judgments of the court. o. W ill the company be entitled to prevent the Canadian traders from continuing to use the roads or tracts which they have traversed through the company's territories to arriv j at Atliabaska or the country west of the great chain of moiintnins, which bound the company's ttrrilory, or wul the use which they have enjoyed of tiavelliiig tliroiigii the company's territories, or such use for any and what length oftiiue, entitle them to its continuance < You will observe that it is impos- sible for the Canadian tniders to traverse the company's ter.-itories without cutting wood lor lirewood, u.siiig the water found in tlie coiir.se of their journey, and pitching their tents upon the coinimny's ten'itory, and you will further say whether these arc rights which the (.'anadian tra(,lers can ac(piiro by any ami what length of p(jssessioii f 40 if a highway were made through the Trovince, all British .stdijects would have a right to travel on it"; but a track made by the Canadian- is not a highway, and no prescriptive right to traverse the territorii - of the company, or to cut wood or pitch tents, can exist in thisca.se, beeau.se such a prescriptive must be founded on immemorial usage. li. There are indis iduals of the North-West Company who reside in Upper Canada, and also in the City of London. The ilud.son's Bay Company would not incline to proceed again-^t them by action on the case in Upper ( 'anada from the inlhience of the Canadian traders there, and from 42 the effect which that ii.lliunco will havf upon a IVovineiiil jury, if ii„t upon th- ju.l;,',.. H„t thi-y would wish to brinj,' a special action on the case a^aiuHt the partueiH of the x\orth-\Ve..i Company who reH.dc ,n Lon Hecon,'hts. 11. Supposing these tra.l.rs to r.-sist th.. Sh.rirt in th. ..xmition of his warrant, an.l iloath H» .sh.ml.l ..nsu.., wouM the servants of the company ..r others actint,^ in support of the wamnt 1... responsil.l,. tor the i.on.s...iu.,.nc.'s, an.l. in like mainwr, wonl.l th.. servants of the c npnnv he r.^sponsll>^. i-or t.ho e .nse.,uences of a forcihle resistance against an attempt of the Canadian tra.lors to trcsp.i.ss on the com])any's (crritory. 11 .Sup,._.sin„Mh,it ia the curs., of such roMstance or tre.spa.ss on the part of the ( 'ana.lian tr.i lers, any ot tli.m .h „.! 1 I,,- guilty .,f crime or mis.lemeanor, woul.1 the .-ompanv he justifi,..! in terins ..t a clause ni then- charl.-r alu.ve cite.l, in transmitting th.. partv ..r p.-nti.s'to Eii-Jan.l airl cou .1 the ewe be there bn.ught to trial .s.. as to ol.jeet the otFen.lers t.". the punishn.ent mwrihe.] Iiy law lor the suin,. otleii.-.. in Knylan.l. 13. Seeing the territories within whi.-h criminal juris-licti.u) is given by the 4:1 Oo III c. 13,^ to the courts .,f L,w..r au.l Upper Cana.la are the In.lian territ..rie.s, or parts of AniericM "' not witlun the hunts of either the sai.l P,.,vin...>s," .-an this X.i be stat,..l to -nve to then.- court, juri.s.lictioii withiu the territories of th.. llu.ls..u's Hay Cmpanv. 14^ If the c.uupuuy were t.. erect curts for the punishu,..,.t ..f eriu...s, .u- if thov were t.. .sen.l h.mu; orten.lers t,. Knglan.l to be tri...|, w„.il,l the criminal juris.liction giv..n to the courts of Lower ami Li.per Cana.la by the 4.S (I...,. 111.. .. kjm (supp.,sing it to exU.n.J to their territ.aies) be tlu'rc.liy supei'st..Je.l. 1.^. There are partners <.f th.. North-West (Company r.si l.nt in L-.n.lou wh....oucur iu s,.n.liu.. p..rsons fn.m < 'ana.hi n.fo th.. ..ompauy's t..rrit..ry for the purpose of tra.le. ])oes it «pp,.,vr to v..u shat th.- comp.iny can briii;,' an.l nmiutaiii a ,sp..cial action ..f .lMnmg..s on th.. ea... in Km..|«u,1 agauist su.h partners of th.' N..rth-\V..st ( 'ompany n.si,|..nt in L.ui.h.n, " "" Iti. What wouM l„. il„. .■II..,t in such an aeti.m. if it couM b,. , .,tabli,h,.,l that th.- tn.j.r employcl by the .North-West Company, not content with a fair participati.ui iu th.. tra.l.. are in the practi.-e ..I maltr..atnig the imtive Indians, t.. .leU-r th..m iVon. -lealing with the Hmlsou's |:,a C..mpany, ami likewise .,f using vi..lence an.l thr.-ats t.. intin.i.lal.. th.- servantn ..f the Mmlso,,' Bay Conii)any tr.im pro.secuting their tra.l. ...^. 17. N..thing i.s .sai.l in the charter iu r.gar.l t.. th.. am..unt ..f th.. capital ..f th compauv o, the manner of raising it. Hut in th,- y..ar ITOO tl iginal st.,ek of the cmp.any .subs.-ril.;.! ai the .lal.M.t Its eharu-r was tiebl..,! out of the protiu, by a.i.ling the amount of the latter to th.- former with-mt .l.v..|ing them, in the y.-ar 17-0. it was again trebl..,| an.l a further subscript i, was»pene.l,butit.|oe.m,t app..., that subM-riptions were n-ceiv.-.l from any persons esc.. , tin ' I.r..priot.)rs ..f st..ck who w.-n- ,illow.-.l to sub.scribe in proportion to their stock, It is uow propos...! t.i raise ,. further eupi-..!, for wisieh tw- tw^ ^^vA.. have i.vn Migg..,i,-.i . ! population to his assist- Ahl tiiKsi! will) iivi' under f? tlio juiifjfinents of their l)jpct to their jurisfliotioii ? torii's )iy thoir piTinissidii live umicr them," inclii.li' (ho IuihIn of the (•(inipnny of his warrant, ami dontli I" upport of the warrant, l.c ants (>f tho co-iipniiy lie it of tliu Caiincliaii trnihirs the pnrt of tiu" I'anailian L- coiupany be Justified, in >r ji.trtics to Eii;,'laiid, and lie punishment iirascriheil veil by the 4:t Oo. Ill, ories, ov parts of Aiueric,\ I'd to ^dve to these ooiirts ■ID s, or if they wnre to .send en to the courts of Lowei il to their territories), le inn wild eoiietir in seiiii>'- it appear td ymi s on the c.ive in hji'dand , tilblished that the tr.lder lation ill the trade, are in K with the IIu.ls( Ill's |!ji\ s.;ivant» of the Hiids.in'. •apitai of til eoiiipaiiy or 10 company Mili.seribed ai noiiiit of the latter to the tid a further .siibseription )iii any iier.snns exceptiiii,' .stock. !:•-= li.ivr be, I! sllnl;-.-,!,-.! . Firaf To offer oaeh propriotoi who any b^ iuelined to sub.soribe perniisMon so to do in a ,.,vun nroporti.m t.. his o.-cisti.iK stoek, subject to the e.mdition of his ,K ei .in- In^ aeeeptniuv i.f Oiis oHer within a limited time, and in .Mse of his failure or refusal to ac-ept sueh offer, then mn share of the new stock to be otiered to the other stoekhoMers, and in ea.se ..f their failure or refusal to accept, then such share of the new .tock to bj offere.l to public sale tu ih" hi^^hcst bi.ldor. .SV,o,e//./. k has been propos..-lt. make ^ call or. the present stoekholdeiH /»o r«^( ..f their stock, with a derhiration thit if they did n .t satisfy the call their stock would b. foif.dted. You are re luested tu .ly wiiether eitlier mo.le is within the power >,dven to the company by their charter. OlMMON. 10 1. It apiiears to me that no other ubjection can be made to the >,'rant of the sod to the extent stated in the .•h.uler, exc-ept that his His MajeHty could not make ii valid erant of territory .ecu- pi,..} l,y anv .alter nation, thoujrh not Christian. 1 apprehiMid the ^'rant is -ood of all .such j-art of the teiritorv in .[Uesiion as was really u.ioeeupied, and of which a .sort of possession had been taken ior Ills MMJestv by the first Kn-iisli Adventurers I believe that the title of all theowners of lands in the I'.iiti'^h pi.uitations is de.ired, this ■.;rant sinuh.r to the present made either to mhabi- lanti* or to a company. •2. As I do not find, from the case, that the comp'.iny have established any rej,mlations to .rovern the possession or title of lands within their territories, 1 know not how otherwise to answer this ouery thin bv refeiMiKe to the law of this country; and T am of opinion that they could not 20 at this time re • -ive a ly aid from tlie law of this country to dispossess those whose occupation has continued above 20 years without any disturbance from the company, their ac.piiescence in ,so Imi- au adverse p .ss ■ssioii would afford .:., sullieient presumption of an actual ^rant from them of tlnrportioas of territory so occupied, t i^rether with all the necessary means of oecuimtion an.l access which havt^ been hitherto i!njoyed. 3. Genera'.:/ 8lleakinJ,^ 1 appiehen-l the cmnpany have by their charter, and their territorinl rij,dits under it, a le,'il authority to ivstrain persons fr.,m the Acts slated in this (pi.-ry. But this atahority, I think, must be .pialified in particular instances by the .sort of usage referred to in the answer to the preceding' (|uestion. 4 and .-). 1 am of opinion that the usat,'e of the ri;,dit of pas.sa;^re for the space of 40 years, with:JO the knowledge of the .ompanv, ami without interruption by them, will cBtablish the right for the Kin.'-s HubjeJts iu Canada to use the p,is.sage in the same manner and for the same purposes as hitherte. I .should here observe that iu this opinion I support the questi.m upon this right to arise b.-fore s..m.' tribunal in England, though I am not aware how this is po.ssihle, except by a f(dgneil isaue to try it. G 7, H, '.I and 10. It appears t.i me that the civil and commercial jurisdiction granted to ilie cmnpany is valid, except in such instances where the powers se.MU to be more extensive than the Kin- could by his prerogaliv.. exerci.se himself, or grant to a subji.ct, .some of them will be noticed A.ufl am rather inclined to think the cmnpany have authority, by the terms of their charter, to enact laws m.t oidy for the government of their own body, but <.f such p.-rsuns as are resident 40 within their jurisdiction, supposing tho.se laws and regulations to be merely local and consistent with the law.s"of this country. 1 observe that, by a clause in the charter (i.age 1,5 of the copy left herewith) the con.,;.>j.v have authority to ai.point (Jov r.iors of forts, lactones, etc., and other ofHcers. and that the « love.nors so appointed, and their council, have each within the limits of his own ,,11 is.liction. which the companv of course mu.st a.s.sign. power t.. judge all causes, civil or criminal ncconlin^ to the law ..f Ki.irland. I api.iohund, therefore, that the said company havo no right to nppoint .jiid<,'f8 in nominee, for that is incidental to the Sovereign dominion, which tlie King expressly reserves in the charter, and wliieli I concur he cannot part with by law, ycit wh.'ii tliey have appointed a Governor of a fort that the charter invests that Governor with a judicial power to administer the law of Kngland ; and I think the company may l.y the charter appoint such officers suhordinate to the Governor, as may asseit him in the executive part of his administiation. Thepowerof the officer coirespon.ling to tlie sherirt'. would he analagous to the power of that officer in Enu:land, and i appri'h.'ud that tlif snl.jects of the plantation would he hound hy the .same rules of civil ohedience as jirevail in England to support the officers of ju.stice in the execu- tion of legal process or judgments. Ihit, though it appears to me that those powers are granted lo hy the cliarter, and that it was competent to the Grown to grant therein this form ; yet, if they have not hitherto heen exercised, if this part of the charter h.is not l.een acti'd u])on, I .should no't think it expedient at this time, after the various changes which have taken phicu in the circum- ■^tances of the colony, and in the .ipini(ms of men since the time of Charles II., to i)ut these powers into activity without .some sanction from the Legislature. The jui i.s.liction which would hav(. been submitted to at the first will now he resisted, ami the who).- machinery for the administra- tion of ju.stice must at the present day he so much more complicated and cx't.-Msive than it would have heen thought re.piisite to make it at the date of tlie charter or the commeneement of tin; adventure, that it is likely to encounter more difficulty in iLs operation, and may po.s.-«ihly fail of its intended effect. ,, 11. The particular ea.se must occur before any answer can l.e given. There may lie cireum- stances where, tho,se acting under the orders of the Sherilf, in England, might be- n"..sponsibiu in case of death. Generally speaking, howi'V.i the jiarties acting in the ca.se suppo.se.l in this cpicry strictly within the limits of a lawful authority from the Sheritf, would not be responsible for iht! death of a person resisting that authority. The present state of trade, as appears from this cas •, seems likely to giv.i rise to disputes. The Judge, the SherilF, and hi.s poxne comU,(lai will in a great measure he the parties to in the caus(!, and the resisting intrndrrs are lik.'ly to give very early occasion for investigating whether the legal authority of the new functionaries and their subjects has heen strictly pursued with all due form. The probability of .some error, where th.M-e has heen no previous habit of observing any forms and of a .lisposition to take advantage of error ijo wherever it can be found, leads me to apprehend that the Sherilf and tho.se acting"under his warrant might incur considerable ri.sk in the event supposed. 12. I am of opinion that the company would not be justified in sending the supposed offender to England, and that he could not lie tlu^-e trie.l \>y any known law. The clause alluded to in thi,, query seems to me not to be justified by th.' mere prerogative of the King, and \ should think it very unsafe to act upon it without the sanction of the Legislature. \t\ I am iiK^lined to think that this Act does not give the jurisdiction here supposed. U. [ think not: the company having now no courts, the jurisdiction given by the Legislature, which might 111! necessary by re.isun of tlie ('oaipany's omission, cannot be ad'ected by anv suh- seijuent exercise of their powers under the charter. 41) 1') and I(i. The iiarticularca.se must be stated before tlicse (pieries can be answered. The partners of the North-West (Company iesisne com'itiUtit will in a I are likely to give very functionaries and their lome error, where there take advantagi^ of ei'ror:{{) those actinj' under his g the supposed offeliiler •lause alhided to in thi,, ,', and I slioul.l think il here supposed. iven hy tli.- L-'gislatuic, »e adected hy ailV suli- 40 in he answered. The m action u{)on tht; cii.se 1 which has not power ojudice of the company \ ♦7 17. It appears to me that the tirstniode ahove sugijcsted of raising a further capital is cputo unexceptionalile. 'i"ii>' presi'iit meinhers of the company may undoiiliti dly iniTc.iie tin; capital hy a '• iluntaiy suhscription among themselves, or they may admit any ii''W memlM'i- wlio chcxwes to stil)scril>e. They havi', hy the charter, a gi-neral po\\e!' nf admitting whom they please, agreeably to the orders and regulations nuuh,' hy them at a general C()urt. Thoy may therefore make an order to aiimit any pers'iu who suhscrihes a certain sum a mem- ber. 'I'he .second mode proposed involves a (piestion of the jurisdiction of the company over their own lioily, 1 doubt veiy much whctiier they coukl impose the penalty of forfeiture for not .sub- scriliing a further sinn. Theie is an express instance of a cause of forfeiture stated in the chartiT, which is, where a jjarty whohas voluntarily subscribe(i, refuses afterwards to pay; and I therefore l() doubt whether tlie company could, by law or order of their own, create a new case <»f forfeiture. Much, however, may depend upon the actual regulations or bydaws under which the company now are governed, to wliich no allusion has been madi; in this case. (Signed) J. SCARLETT. Tkmpi.k, January 22nd, 1813. COPY (iUEUIKS AND OPINION OF MR. .JUSTICE HOLR(JYD, SIR SAMUEL ROMILLY, MR. CRUISE, Mr SCARLETT, AND MR. BELL. 1. Whether any objection can be made to the grant of the soil contained in the charter, and whether the grant will iiicludi' all the counfy the waters of which run into Hudson's Bay, as aseertained t \ geographical observalions ('—We are of opinion that the grant of the soil contained 20 in the charter is good, and that it will include all the country the waters of which run into Hud- son's Bay, as ascertained by geographical observation. 2. Whether as proprietors of the soil the company may exclude all other persons from residing thereon, and dispossess the Canadian traders of the posts already occupied by them and used for the purposes of trade with the native Indians ? — We are of opinion the company may exclude all persons from residing on the lands granted to them, and not already settled there. But we arc of opinion they cannot di.spos.se.ss the Canadian traders of tlie posts already occupietl by tlicm where there ha~s been 20 years' quiet po.s,se.ssion, and by making use of their grant only for the purpose of exclusion, and not to encourage settlers tliey may possibly cmlanger the grant. ;i. Though the company may not be entitled to prevent other persons from using the naviga-jjo tion of Hudson's Bay or of navigable rivers within theii' territories, are they entitled to prevent all persons from liinding upon tin; shores of the bay or the banks of the rivers ; and on those places where the navigation of a river is interrupteil by falls, may the company prevent any per- son from passing over the laud for the purpose of transporting himself ami his merchandize to any other point where the river may again become navigable ? -We are of opinion the company aro not entitled to prevent other persons from using the navigation of Hudson's Bay and of the navi- gable vivers within tlieir territoiies, or to prevent persons from landing upon the shores of the bay or banks of rivers, or from passing over theii' land where it is desert and uncultivated, and where the King's, whether native Indians or others, have been accustomed to pass for the purpo.so of transporting themselves an ' liieir ini'rcliandi;u' where no roads or passage nnist be subject to .JO the reasoiialile regulations of tlii: eompiiny. f lit 48 4. WI„.tl„.r.l...o.n,,mMy l,y vi.tu.. „f tU.lv ,\^h^ „f ,„.u,„.,.f,v, m.hv prownt tl,- Cmn-linn traUcs tra.n passing thn.UKl. tln-ir UM-ritorios f. arriv. a, A.l.al.ska .. ...Iut countri.. „, ;"::-;; ;';i ■ it^ '"■ ^^'" '"' '''- ^^'"^'' ^'-'^'^ ^'•'^''•^••^ '-- "'^i'-^-' <-• -'^ ^«"- <'J t! at ,,s „„pos.s. .1.. ,... tl,e Canu-han tnul-rs t„ t,,v.,.se tl... ,• pan.y s t...nto.i...s witl.out cult..,. ^ ' '"■ ♦"••■^^""''■. "r "' t'"' "•'^^'■'- »'-'"l i" tl... .=.,ur.s.. of ll„.i.- lounH.v. an.l pitdm... tlu.ir fnts J.H. tlujcompany. lauds; an.i on tl.is lu-a,!, you will fuw !,..,■ p!.... "to sav wlHal.:.- tlu.,. „,v u^'l.ts w!,.cl, tin. Lar,..han tm.l.Ts can ao,iui,v Uy any an,l what l..n.4l> ..f po;.s..s,si..n ^-It follows mm what w.. havo ,.a..l n. answ...- to M... last ,uory that, w. tinnk th. Ou.a.liau tm-kM-s are nt, l..a to tins .-.jrht ol passage, an.l we d.iuk that as inei.lent to it tlnv n.us, have sneh ri-^ht of „ pitching tents, ,..„,.. v...,ter an,| cutting tinwoo,! as necessity requires. ^ o. Supposing the eoM.pany entitle,! to .lis;»„ss..ss the Cana.lian tnuh-rs nnJ to .maintain an oxc usive right o. m,|e vithin the ten-itories, what steps ,lo you a,lvise a> the l.st to I. . " i g.anted t. the eon.pany, hut to the tJ.nernur an-l (,',>une,l at th.ir respeeu.e estal.lish.nents • iM.t we cannot roco.nn.en.l it to he exercLse.! s,. as to atf-et ;he lives or a.nhs of crinunais. 7. !*• valid, how is it to he exercised ^ May the cu.npa»y ereet court, of justice, ,r .wthorize .,, Luglana --J, :s to he exercHe.! .y the (ioveruor and Council ,,. ^^^4>s, y.h. a.- to „n,c | accorduv.o die hiw> of Knglami. , t, . ' «. . u pi,.c, , .| 8. May the c.inpa.a ,.(,{...,;,t a ^hcriirt , execute the ju.ignients of their ,• ot a whenll us periijrnst " nients ami tu do his duty, ;. h' Kngland. iliiK- ,,f .> .!. ,^;ii- . " 'i ■ ^ -- j-.r^.....;.ii,.-. .« iiieir court, and to do the duty of a .henll us per..ne.e..! i. hnglau.i '--The company may appoint a sheritfto execute judg- 1), May such siie-'i^', iu ..vse of roslsUnce to li nn Will /■ ^''T7^- '""''""'^' "' ''"'•' """''' "'■ J'"^''*-"'- ^^■''" "•'" '- ^"'^i''^^^ ^' tl-'ir i.nisdi.-tiou . U 1 I t oe oul.v then- own servants and persons residing witiiin th.-ir territories hv their penuission" and direc .u.thority, or will the words of the eharter, vi..- -those who live und;, theni,' inel the Canadun traders who have estul.li.shed themselves intrusivoly on the land, of the compaay and who dispute their right. ' -We are of opinion that all persoi.s will be suhject U. the iurLlil' ZiiHz::::::::: ^'•^'" '"■ *^'- *' • ^^'-^ '- '-''"'- -- ^^'"^" ^"^^ --". '-"'""« II. Supposing these traders ,o resist .J.e sheriir in the ex .tion of his warrant, and .leath II f .1 """^•'l"""^'^'^: "'"'•'" "^^' •"— •■ --'•' the servant, of the company he esponsihle tor the con.e,,uences o, a torcihle iVMs.tnce against an attempt of the ( 'anadian trmlors to tre..pa8« on the company s territories V-We think the .1,,, ilf ,uid .hose assistin.^ him acting in 4) , limy prfvciit t)i.' Caim.liiiii liskil nv otlltT folllltlil'H not ij'iyi'.l t(.r nearly W ycftis, i r ivspccii^n (■HtHl.lisliiiicnts; iiiiilis of triniinul.s. )urt« of Justice, .!• iu!tli!)rizc_i) Du^'lil lie .•uliiiiuiMtfi i! i:i 'ndgcs, v.luj ai« to jumiv .d tJH'ir court, and to do tlic It a slicriirto fxceuti' judg- h" population to his assist- i id tliost! who livo uiidir n^ the judi,'iiients of tliuir au( iiorilv, may call out the .„, erviiuts tor defence ai,'aiii.st [lowers cannot be exercised ilWject to their juiisdietioli ; ntones liy tiii'ir jieniiissiou ■ live under tlieiii,' ineliidu the land^ of the company, lie suhjuct to the jiiriHdic- lich they extend, including n of Imm wainuit, anio,Mr form, woidd he e,|unlly pnitected froin the C()nsc(iucn.es of the execution of the w;.rranl with persons executing a similar warrant in England. We also think the servants of tlie company m,i_\ resist with f..iee, noi diivetly tending t.. loss of life (.r liml., any illegal attempt of persons to trespass on the company's proj.erty, and if an attack is made on a man's house, ho may defend it, even to ih.' destruction of life, if he cannot otherwi.se defend the | os.ses,sion of it. iJut such jtowers cannot he executed with too great inoder- ation. Though the geui'ral law nuiy he such ns is above laid down, it is impo.ssible, in our opinion, to give those directions which are necessary for its .safe ap|.lication in each particular case, indo- pemlently of the ditheiilty which n>ny arise from want of evidence or imperfirt evidence of what 10 passes in so distant a quarter, and from the circumstances that the company's servants, the judges, sheriff and /mssr fomihtfux. in ilispn* with Caimdiun traders, will be, in .some measure, parties interested, and their conduct may thereof lie more strictly invested. Nothing should be done to endanger either life or limb, unless in cases of must extreme neceisity. 12. Supposing tltat, in tlie course of such resistance or trespass on the part of the ('anailian traders, any of them should )>e yuilty of crime or misdemeanor, would the company he jtistitied, in terms of a clause in their clinrter above cited, in transmitting the party or parties to England, and could the case be there brought to trial, so as to subject the oll'enders to the iiunishmeiil pic- scribed by law for the same olieiice in England '—Parties can only be .sent to Knglaml for murder. For otlier ofTences they must be tried by the courts of the territory, 20 \H. Seeing the territories within which criminal juris.lictioii is given by the 43 Geo. III., c. 138, to the Courts of Upper and Lower (.'aimda, are " The Indian Territories, or parts of America, not within the lindts of either the said I'rovinces," can this Act be stated to give to these courts jurisdiction within the territories of the Hudson's Hay Company ('—We do not think this Act gives jurisdiction within the territories of llud.son's Hay Company, the same being within tho jurisdiction of tlieir own 'iovernor and Council, 14. If the company were to erect courts for the punishment of crime, or if they were to send home oflenders to England to be tried, wiaild the criminal jurisdiction given to the Courts of Lower and Upper Canada by the 43 Geo. 111., c. 13» (supposing it to extend to their territories), bo thereby superseded ?— If the Act gives the Courts of Upper and F-ower Canada jurisdiction, jjn that would not be superseded in the manner here suggested. 1.5. There are partners of the North West iNmipany resident in l..ond(m, who concur in sending persons from Canada into the compai._, s territory lor the purposes of trade. Does it ap|)ear to you that the company can bring and maintain a special action of damages on the case in England against such persons of the North-Western Company resident in London ? — We are of opinion the grant to the comp.any of an exclusive tra.le is not valid, and we conceive that no action will be against any one moiety for trading, lliuugh the trade of the company should thereby be rendered less profitable. 16. What wonld be the effect in such an action if it could be established that the traders employed by the North- Western Company, not content with a fair participation in the trade, are in the practice of maltreating the native Indians, to d.'ler them from doabng with the lfud.son's Bay Company, and likewise of u.sing violence and threats to intimidate the .servants of. the Hudson's Bay Company from prosecuting their trades ' If it could ho shewn that any parties made use of improper means to injure the company in their trade, an action on the ciwe might be maintained against those persons, or any by whose direction such acts are done to the injury of tiic eoiQpasiy. 40 17. Niithiiiir is Hiiiil in ilio cliaitir in re^junl to t!if uiiKniiit of tin; ciipital of tliu company or the inaimtrufniisiii.; it; l.ut in tlu? y.jar 1700 tlio oriKiiml stock of the ooinpanv, gubsciihed at the (latt! of its clmrtcr, was trel>lc acts committed within the limits of the Hudson's Bay Company's charter, as those committed in the County of Athabaska and other parts of the Indian territory not within the territory granted to the Hudson's Bay Company ' And whether the Hudson's Bay Company can adopt any and what course of proceedings by which the validity of their charter, and of the rights claimed by them under the same, may be put in a train for judicial decision, either by a petition to the Prince Regent in Council, or a petition two luoiles have been sug- 51 to Pftrlininent, i.r l.y any and what oth.r procLMMlinKs. dtlior l,..f.,rr. niiv of the Df|.aitments of OovermiRnt or in any of the Cmuts of Law or p rth-West Compimy. I' is not ruei-asary to the general validity of a charter that t)\-v.iy particular clanse in it kIiouM 1h' valid, and it will hardly l.e eniitendcd that in th.' Ilndson'.s ISay ehurter there iwo not some things granted which it was fully in the powei- of the C'rciwn to grant. As to noniise oi misuHO of a charter tlieso do not annul it ipaofado, whatever weight tli«-y mny have if proved in a proceeding liy itcirp facian or quo warranto. Therefor.-, it must 1m. taken that uidewH some Legislature or Judicial Act h«n declared the chart.-r void, il stands good in its gi-nenility, notwithstanding any s] , cific invalidity 10 as to it.s ])rovi--ions. Douhts, for instance, may exist as jo the grant of t-xelusive tnnle, hut these it is not material at present to consider, more e»pecially as it is stated that no attempt ha.s been nm ,,r thv territorial limits. I am clearly of dpi I > u.n i,. ^' mt of lands is not void for uncertainty. A moile of con- struing it has indeed l. en suggested in the -.pit, ion of the I. iirned gelitlrmell, before allud«'d to from which I must, witl all deference to thejii, beg leave to cli.ssent. They argue that tin- wonls " within the strait," imply such a proximity to the straits as would give the lands spi>k(n of a .sort of affiviln or relalioui' ^' lliuhoi>'s Slniils ; but I think that if th.^se Inst «iuot<-d words had been actually inserted in the charter till y wonld Old V h"v,. • frodue.d nn iincertainty which does not 2() now appear to me to exist, for every river ,\ ,, !■ o.senargrs its Aat.i, into the .sea, in Hudson's Bay, is a rivu- within the entrance of lliidsnn's Str.iits, atid all lands from the mouth of .such river to its sources are lands which lie nji .n the river, and the limit of tln' lands so granted is a prei ise anil definite Hmit, namely, the hei-ht of l.ind fri.ni whieh the river Hows, and, as the grant gives all the lands ipon all such rivers, it follows that .-dl the lands between all such heights and th(> bay are witliin the limits of the clmrtei- ; nnd it is not neee.ssary that .-dl tlio.se heights .should have been sp. c-ifleally knuwn either to the grantor or grantee, for they hoth knew that such heights must e» in, and that they were capable of a.scertainnie?it rf i,l wrlalti cxI iitioln'rlma riildi poliM. Indeed, this was a mode of tixing the lindts of new coloide.s very freijuently ado[)ted l.y foreign Sovereigns as well as our own, and it is p.-irticnlarly observable in the case of Canada, a province 30 directly bordering on the territory of the Hudson's Hay Company. (See the comndssion of M. Champlain, Mfutonnnt-Ciovernor of the Kreieh Province of Cana.la in l(i2."i, the expre...sions of Davity the Topographisted l(J4;l, His Britannic Mjijcsty's Proclamation, Ttl- October, 17G3, St.;* 14 Geo. III., e. >S.'{, etc ) (Jeoi^iripheiN, it is true, li.ive ditVered in opinion .i-> o the precise heights from which the waters tlowe I into Hudson's May, but they have nnironnly considered some rid<'e of high lands real or unaginary to be the boundary ..('the company's territory. The objection that is founde.l on the large ext.iit of the L'r.mt appears to me to be of littl.- weight. The word lands is eouple.l with teiritories i.nd coini' .•md that th'* whole were meant to be very c.imprehehsive an.l reu-h I'lr inl.ind, ap;. .ns from the grunts of fishing and miners, and from tlio power to irect anil buil.l castles, I'orli'ieations, !'uits. garri.sons, coloides or plantations, 40 towns and villages in any parts or places with! the linuts an-l bounds granted ; as well as from the original objects of the •itaki ;, viz., to cover a ]'i.s.sag.> into the .South S.-a and to find some tra.le for fur, nunerals ami other cn-iderable connno.iities, and lastly, frotu th 'igh ratik of the original grantees, particularly of Prim e Kupert, who was Count Palatine of the Khine, Diiko of Bavaria, Cumberlanl, etc. Similar grants at various periods of history have em braced vevy exten-.ivc tacts of land. Th.' Caroline charter (KKi.S) granted .all the land'! t'r„i„ Tucker Island on tli.. t^ast to the west- ward as far as the .South Sijis." The Fa'. i-'ature distinctly recognized a still largi-r erant in case of the South Sea Comp.iny, who, by Sta!.. ', A e. 21, wen- ma-! ^.l.' owners of ,iil the places 53 :(|iii'titly rc'CDgiiizod by tlif* scarce!}' iK'serviiig of any ' flio iipiiiitiiiHof tlie li'ftimd ipiiny. F' ii ni)t in'Pfs.sary ulioiiM ]»■ valid, mill it will line thinjjs granted wliicli it ic (if II cluuti'r tlioHo do not ociotling l)y Hcire f(H'ian or ilatuii! or Judicial Act li/i lin^' any Hi^cific invalidity lo ' fxcluHivi' trndi', Imt these it no attempt has lioen made ^o servants of tlie Hndsoi, L-rtaiiity. A mode of pon- ■iitieiiien, l)efore alluded to riiey argne tliat the words e tile lands syxiken of a sort 1st (iiiut''d words had liecn imcertaiiity wliicli Oetoher. 1703, St • n\ :.^ I I the pncise height- •mly considered .some riditi crritory. ipars to nie tu lie of little that th' who]i> were meant I of (ishiiigaiid iiiiiiiTs, and ns, colonies or plantations, 40 ds grunted ; as well as from 1 the South Sea and to timl astly, from th ' igh rank w 'ulatiiie of the Hhine, Dtdvr y extensive tacts of land, jii thu east to tho west- 1 a still largi'r grant in case ■ole ownorH of ,dl the places !■■ 4 they slioiild discover on the eiist sidi- of America, from the 1! > OronJico to ihe southernmost part of till' Terra del Kin'go, and tVom tlmt pi.int wi^twanl to th' ntln'inmost part of Aiiniieii So the tir-t .Mussadiusetts elmrter (18 .)a., c. 1) i xtriiied throughout all the mainland from "sea to si'a," Mild th" ohjeets of these chiiiteis. ns statid in that of I'enn^s Ivaiiin, were 'to enlarge the Knglisli empire, niid promote such ii'^iful eomniciditiis as might he of h.'Uilit to the King and his dominions, a,s also to reduce tho wivnge nations hy gentle and just mnnners to the losr of civil society and christian religi' If any iiuthoritative d> . n conld le ohtaiiied settling t!ie territorial limits of Hnpert's [.and on the jirineiples hy which ji uppeni^ to me that they --hoiilil he legulu:- I, I think the siihordinatc ijiiestions, siich as those of jurisdietion, etc., would atfonl comparatively little trouhlc I am tin i. - "* fore of ojiinion tliat the eiimpanj should use every exertion t > ohtain a settlement of those liniitM hy coinpctent authorities, judicial or legislative. The only luiL'inal jurisdiction for that purpose appears to he in the Prince llegent in ('mmcil, 1 am not aware that the JJoaid of Trade has any such jurisdiction, although it was Cormerly much in the hahit of hiiving ?.imilar (|uestions referred to it hy the King in Council, (II hy the Committ' e (jf Council, for plantatinii atfairs. mid of reporting on tlicni accordingly, which report was usually adopted as a gmund of decision hy the King in Council. The ( 'oiirt of C'hancery has no original jurisdiction ot houn laries. hut may consider them incidentally where the jurisdiction is otherwi.se fnimled, as in the case of I'eiiii i\ Lord iialtinioro (1 Vcs. 4+4,, which was a hill for a sjiecific performance of articles hetwei ii the plaintiff and .,|j defendant to settle the houndaiies of two contiguous piuprietory Oovernmeiits. It iim _dit perhaps deserve consiiliration whether the Hiidsoirs Hny Company icnild offer any suflicieiit indueement to tlie individual jiartners of the North-West Company (including those who are in Knglaiid) to enter into articles recognizing the h(nindaries of lln|)ert's Laml, and hinding themselves to do or cause to ht! done hy persons under tlii^ir influence or control, certain acts in recognition of the rights of the Company. Perhaps .snch articles might not only I ■ enforced in Chanc.ry, Init if sectired hy a pennltv might Im! Iiroiight under the emisideration ol the Courts of Common Law. On the latter point, wever, I speak with much hesitation, as I do when I .say it apjuar to me that the action for slander of title, nhove suggested, could not ho successfully maintained. I am, however, of opinion that tho Hudson's Bay C'ompany should presen a petition to the.,,. Prince Regent in Council, prayinu' for a settlement of iiMindaries and for such other relief as to wisdom of His Royal Highness in Coiiiicil might sei'iii meet. In support of sue' petition attida- viis should lie prejiarcd sitting forth the injuries already siistiined hy the ci)iii[)any, and also d' serihing the limits tvhicli the company consider to he those of the plantiitiiii or colony of Rupert's Land, with relcieiice to the unfortunate occurrence^ which have taken pl.ice at the Red River. I tliink it material to prove that the waters of that river fall into the sea within the entrance of Hudson's Straits, and adverting to the maps which 1 have seen, I conceive that for the satis- faeloiy detcrminat ion of this point, it woiiM he nccessarv to shew that the Saskatehe", in River flows into, and the Nelson River out of Lake Winipec^ for the real and only question, an far as I have heen ahle to consid. r the .suhjcct, is whether the h. ghts of land in which the Severn and Hill lUvers have their souiccs, or that more southerly range in whi. !i the Reil and Winipec n,. are the proper lioundaies of Rupert's fiand. To the Company, however, it wmihl ho of incaleulahle advantage to ohtain a decision of the Prince Ih-ent in Council recognizing either, hut more especially the latter, and in case a douht shonld remain, after coasidcring the evidence, it might be advis,ihlc to p tition the Council to appoint Commis-sioncrs to make a survey and reiwirt, in conseipunce of which a dividing line dght he run hetwocn Rupert'-^ Land and tho ailjoining territories ; such was the cour,s(! adopted in t' ise of Lord Fairfax aeainst the (iov- ei nor and Council of Lord Virginia hefore the Kiii . Council 174."), when the Committeo of Council for plantation affairs, after hearing counsel for several da^ s, reported in favour of a survey made hy certain Commissioners who had lieen named some years hefoiv h\ an Onler in Council on his Lordship's petition. mm :.+ It minUl U' MiailK jwit oC tin- .•,,ii any'H prayor Umt, .liiriiif? the |)cn.|oncy of pn^c'dini,'**, iiistiii.-li.ms sh.ml.l 1... ismio.l to HU Mujusty'H (l„v,.nior of Uppir iiii.l liowcr Cana.la to lUlord piotvrtion to tluj ,H.TviiiitN, >,'rnnt«>c(i, etc., iiii.l.-r the Hii.lnon'H Uiiy Coijipiiny agiiiriHt iiny forciblo ,. „tlicr violoiR..'. A petition to tl.is ..H'.ct wa>< pirsontt-d to tin- KIiik in ('"oiincil in 1743 hy the l.oveinor mi.l Council of Rhode I.ilftnd in their dispute resiKcting iKJuudariea with Ma.««ucliiis(.tts H,vy. 1 am not iiwftie that tlio hearing or ileteiiuininj^ on n p«!tition to tlie Piinw lleg.nt in Coinicii iM a matter that can l)edenmn(KMl iw to th.- n^ht l.y the Ifiids.m's Hay Com- pany, hut I latlier conctivo that tlieso are niattors of graco and favour, tiie granting or withhohl- ing wliich are in the discretion of Hin Royal Highness a.-* ho may Iw advised »)y his Council, I ai)|)re|..nd, however, that if a strong cast; Ih! made out and in evidence tendered thereon to the Council, without obtaining luiy hearing 'ir decision from the lligli Tril>unal. within a reasonahl.. id time, it will then bo proper on the part of tlic Hudson's Bay Company to implurt^ the interference of the Legislature. n •n ^^r .r . (Hignod) J. 8T0DDAKT. Doctoiih' Commons, 2nth Ni.vembor. 181!). Extract fvoiK Hin MajtHtyn imtrtu-liona lu Uia Excellency, Lord Donhenler, dated nt Hi. JaimH, the Idth tieptemljer, 1791, viz. .— " Ist. Witii those our instructions, you will receive our commission under our Great Seal ot Great Britain, ,. instituting you our (Captain (Jeneral and Governor-in-(.!hief, in and over our Provinces of Upjjer Canada and Lower Cana.la, lK>unded UHininivMidcommixsioi, in i»n-ficul(trl wer ( 'anada, you are to take >ipon you the administration of the Government ol the said Provine., and to do and to execute all things belonging to your command, according to the several powers and authorities of our said commission, under our Great Seal of Great Britain, and of the Act passed in the present year of our.reign, therein recited, and of those our insti uctions to you, nnd according to such furth.>r powers and instructions as you shall, at any time hereafter, receive under our Signet and Sign Manual, or by order of our Privy Council.' " 2nd. And you are with all due soleiimity before the members of our Kxecutive Council, to cause our .said connnission to be read ami published, which being .lone, you shall then take, an.l also a.lminister to each of the members ..f oui >ai.l Executive (^ouncil, the oaths montione.1 in an '"' Act pa.sse.1 in the first year ..f the Reign of His Majesty King George the Fii-st." S5 th(i pt-niK'ncy of pioccfiUnKM, ml liowor Camilla to alt'onl I^i)iii|)aiiy OKninHt any f«>rciblo I'd to the KiiiK ill Coiiiifil in ! iiHjiictiii},' IxjiuularifH with If on n, petition to tliu Priiict* t liy the Hud.toirH liny Coin- r, thf gniutiiig or withhohl- ailviHecI Viy liis Council. I leo t<(ii(luiv(| tht'ieoii to the rriliiirinl, within ii rciiNonalilc H) y to iniplori! tliu iiitfili;iencc J. STODDAKT. h ml Ditnhester, dated nt St. m uiKh-r our Oroat Soal of r-in-(,'liiof, in and over our d cmnmiH/tiov iiip tho adiiiinistintion of thu lifloiiginf,' to your coninmiul, n, under our (Jrt-at S(?al of therein recited, and of these .ructionw as you shall, at any iilor of our Privy Council." ! our Executive Council, to !, you 8hall then take, ami I, the oatlis mentioned in an the First." Sll'PLKMKNTAL AP!>HN1)IX. .VCtOlNT OF srilUr.NDHi: OF FOl!TS AFTKIl TIIK (AI'ITlLATIoN OF MONTI{lv\L. It «UH on tlic Iweiity-iiiiith of N'oveiiilx r, IT'iO, llnit Detroit fell info the hands of the Ku^'lif.h. The .'iirriHon were Heiit uh priMmcrs down tli.' lake, hut the Cunadiun iiihuhitaiit.s were allowed to retain their farms and hoUHcH, on ctiidilion of Hw.iiiiii;; aUej^iauce to the Urilish Crown. An ollieer was kiiI Kouthwaid to take possesfdon of the forts Maiiiii and Ouataiioii, whieU t,'iiarde.l the foiniiinnieation hetweeu f.ake Krie mid the Ohio; wliih' llof,'ers himself, with a Hinall parly, prneeedeil northward-^ to relieve the French {,'aniHon of Miiliilliiimckimu'. The storiuH mid ^.jalheriii},' iee of I.,ake Huron forced him hack without accomplmhiiiK' his ohj. ct ; mid Micliillinuu'kinac, with the three remoter poHts of St. Marie, Oreen Uny and St. .losejih, renmiiied for a time in tlic> hands of the French. l>iiriii« the next senBon. however, a detachment of the (Kith ivtjimeiit. then calli'd the lloyal AiiiericaiiB, took possession of them ; and nothing,' now remain, d within tie/ power of the French, except the few posts and Hettlemeiits on the Mississippi and the Wahash, not included in the capitulation of Montreal. Tho work of conquest was Hiiished. The fertile wilderness heyond the Allcfjlianies, over which Iwance had claimed sovereifjnty.— thai hoiindless forest, with its tracery of inlerlarin ' streams, which, like veins and arlerii'S, |,'ave it life and nourishment,— had passed into the hands of her rival. It was hy a few insit-iiificant forts, separated hy oceans of fresh water and uncounted leiiguos of forest, that tho two -,'reiit European powers, France first, and now England, endeavoured to enforce their claims to this vast domain. There is somethinj; ludicrous in the disparity hutween the importance of the posHCHsioiis and tlie sleiideniess of the force employed to maintain it. A region emhraciiig ho nii'iiy thousand miles of surface wos consigned to the keeping of some five or six hundred men. Yet the force, small as it was, appeared ade de$ j>,i!iii '/ii'U •< d. oun-yls dqmli /.i Nonvvli' France JHSiin'm, Gohe M,:riiiu. NT. 1. l'rnni|ii.lin'j Map, I'XI. 10 !»0 tit 56 Imt extronifly poor nml in need of n little nid from hifl Majesty as an Eiif^inccr : lie is at work on ii vtrv corroct niai) of tl'o country, wliii'h I hIiiiU send yon next your in liis name ; nioanwhikt, I shall Hiipport liiiii witli sonic littlo ii.,sistaiici'." — Coloiiiiil Dorumrntt d/ Xtuv l'«»7.-, IX. 205. 'I'lio nnip is very elaborately executed, and is six feet Ion;,' and four and a half wide. It exliiliitH tin political divisions of tiie continent, as tlio French tlien understood thcni : tiuit is to say, all the ref,'ion'^ tlrained by streams llowiu^,' into the St. Lawrence and the Mississippi arc claimed as heliingin}^ to France, and tliis vast domuiii is separated into two grand divisions, La Nouvello Franco and La Louisiane. The l»ouiidary line of the former, Now France, is drawn from tho Pren jhseot to the soutliern extn^mity nf Lake C'iuimplain, and thence to the Molmwk, which it crosses n little above Scliein'ctady, in order to miil;e French subjects of the Mohawk Indians. Thence it passes by tho sources of the Susquehanna and th*- AUe^'huny, aloni^ the southorn shore of Lake Erie, across Southern Michigan, and by the head of Lake Michigan, whence it sweeps north-westward to the sources of the Mississippi. Louisiaini includes th. entire valley of tho Misnissippi and tlie Ohio, besides the whole of Texas. Tho Spunisii province cf Florida comprises tho pcninsulo and the country oast of tho Hay of Mobile, drained by streams flowing into tho (tulf ; while Carolina, Virginia, and the other English provinces, form a narrow strip between th. AUeghauies and the Atlantic. The Mississippi is called " Missisipi, on Hiviiire Colbert ; " the Missouri, " (irande Hivii'-re des Km!-;, sonrittes, ou Missourits ; " the Illinois, " liiviere des Illinois, ou Macopius ; " the Oliio, which La Sullc had before called by its present name, '• Fleuve St. Louis, ou Ciiucagoa, ou l,'asi|uinainpogamou ; " one .ri principal branches is " Ohio, ou Olighin " (Alleghany) ; tho Arkansas, " Uiviiire des Acansin ; the l;< d Uiver, " Uiviere Seiguolay," a name which nad once been given to tlie Illinois. Muny snniller hlroanis are designated by names which have been entirely forgotten. The nomenclature diflers materially from that of Corouelli's map, published four years Inter. H.re tho whole of the French territory is laid the king, with the title Cartu (/<■ I'Aiiiiriqiic ScpteiitrinniUe, ilrjudg It: 25 jnt|». pp. I'lS 7. 87 inciT : lie is at work on n v|)i. LoniHiaiui inchidoH thi ;iiH. 'I'ho SpiuiiHii j>rovinc<' of I', drained hy Htreanis flowin;' rni 11 narrow Htrip botween th. i III p w irti W' >i) (•'1 THE NOUTH-Wi'.ST AN'dLE TREATY. Nl'MBEU THREE.* AiiTici.r.H or a Tiikatv made and eouchided this tlii-d Jay of Octolier, in tho yiar of Our Lord one .\rrr.N"'i\ tliouKand ei'dit iiundred and acvcnty-tiiroe, iM'twecn Her Most OracioUH Majestv tho Queen of (treat Ikltain and Ireland, l)y her ConnnissioncrH, tlie Hon. Alexander Morris, Licntenanl-Ciovernor of the iVovint-e of Miiiiilolta and the Nortli-West Territories ; John Ali)ert Norhcrt I'roveneher, and Simon Ni.hih Wi-. .James Dawson (if the ono part ; and the Satilieaiis triiie of the ()jil)ltewiiy Indians, inhahitants of tho 'jLVi'iv country within the liniit« hcrninafto' defined and described, by their Chiefs, chosen and named as here- ""' ' inafter mentioned, of tne other part U) i, " (irande Rivit'rc des Eml . s ; " the Ohio, which l>a Siilli- C,'aH(|uinamjio^'iimou ; '" (»ne nt livioro des Aeausea : thi' K, i iimis. Many Hnmller hlrrion^ dished four years later, lb tc luvclie Fraiu-e," of whicli '•j.ii ''ran(|uelin, i.-iakes two distimt " the hitter including Mieliigan I's Hay, and of all th(! (ire;il idi too fur to the Wi-st. The I an, for oxample, that at New tuncsH ; and it may bo inferred into tho sea. {etch of Lii Sullif's evanesei ni lap in KjHH, for preKentation lo jiiHil'iiit >j') tlciifi' dc latittttlc 1 1 L'orreet i various errors in thai itnch of the river Hlinois which )o»iion of it in this book,-- but ;ippuurs in much diniinisiicd in's name, are preserved in the HkitchoH, also by him. They tasses thorn ull in iiiterest an I t't. And whereas the said Conunissioners have proceed* d to uogociato a treaty with tho said Indians, iiud tlie simii! has be. n finally agreed npon and coucluded as follows, tiiat is to say : The S:iu!t('aux tribe of the Ojilibeway Indians, and all otiii'r the Indians inhabiting the distri.-t li. iv'naflerdescriiied and delined, do hereby ceib), release, surrender, and yield up to the (ii.vi'innn'nt of ill • D.iiuiiiion of (Canada, for Hor Myesty tho Queen and hor Buocossors forovor, all their rights, tiiles, and privileges whatsoever to tin laula iuoludol within the following limits, that is tj say : Comm.inoing ut a point mi tho IMg.^on lliver route where the intorniitional boundary line botwopn . the territori'U of (Ireat Hrituin and the I'nited Stales iiiteisects the height of land Peparaliiig the waters running to Lake Superior from those (lowing lo Like \Vinnip<'g, tlienee northerly, westerly and eastcrh, along the height of land afores.iiil, following its sinuosilioa, whatever thoir ct)ur8o may bo, to the point at whieh the said heigiit of land meets tho summit of tho water-abed from which the streams (low to Lake Nepigon, thence northerly an I vv Mteily, or wh itever m ty be its course, along the ridge separating tli« waters of thi' N'lipigiu and lb' Winnipeg to the height of land ilividiiig the waters of the Albany and tie* Winnipeg; thonco woatorly and north-wostorly along the h.'iglit of land dividing the wal.-rs Mowing to Huds(m's Mav by the Albany or other rivers from those running to English River and the Winuipi'g to a point on the Slid height of 1 in I liearing north forty-live d,grees east from Eort Alexander at the mouth of the Winnipeg ; thence south forty-live degrees west to Fort .Mexander at tho mouth of the Winnipeg ; thonco Houtiierly alonj^ tho eastern bank of tho Winnipeg to the mouth of White Mouth River ; thence southerly by the line described ai in that part f.rming the eastern b >undary of the tract surn>nder.-d by the Chippewa and Swamjiy Cree tribes of Imlians to Her Majesty on the third of August, one thousand eight hundred and seventy-one, nam dy, by White M»uth Rivor to White Mouth Lake and thcMce on i lino having the general bearing of White Month River to the forty-ninth parallel of north latitude : tli.n . by the forty-ninth paraUel of north latitudi" lo the Lnko of the Woods, and from thence by the internution;,! boumiiiry linu to the place of beginning. The tract comprised within the lines above des.ribeil embracing un area of rtf^y-ftve tliouvand Hfjuarc miles, be the same more or less. To have and to hold the some to J', r Majesty the Quoon and her tmccoHHcrs forever. '(I ID pi. p.p. 4.'>fi 7. • The Tre«tic« uf Ciiomla witli lh« Indlniu. " Mi.irin," p.p. 820-4. -''^**«*.^i**«i!*rwi3«KS!^^^a;jr;a!a£aaa* •> MtMTullt. S.r. 1. Nniiiii Wnm Anoik S.A-. I. 10 68 III witnc88 wlicrcof, Ucr MiijchIv'h saiil ConiiuisKioncri and the wiiil Indian ChiufH liavt; hcromilo suWiilicil ttiid sot tlicir Imiidh, iit llic noilli-wcst iiii{,'lo of the Lake of the Woo Jb, thin diiy luul uur licriMii first ubovc-immed. (Sij^'neJ) Alkx.vndkii Mourns, [ I. S. ! l.ieuUniint-doiiriK'r, J, A. N. PnovENcnKB, liiiUiiH ( 'unimimiuner, S. J. Dawson, liiilian Ctnnmiiaiimir. Kee-ta-k\y-I'I-n\is. His x mmk. And 23 uthrra. !?i;,'iii'd l>y llif Chill's within luiiiiod ,n i>ris.iicf df the folbwing witnesHCH, the same having been first niiil mid cxidiiiiied liy the lloiionrnbU' .Iiimes McKay : — (Signed) James McKav. Aud IG othem. il Indian Chiuftt liiiv.' licrcniito the WooJs, thU duy ainl \iiu >Bn Morris, [L.S. J l.ieutfniint-doiirni'r. I. I'uovENcnKn, luiUiin ( 'ummiuioner, •awson, liiiliiin Viimmisaiimir. 69 '.4. -KAV-PIN.VIS. otlirra. lIiH X miiik. !8, the same having' Ix'cii fir>t icd) James McKay. Aud IG othei-H. .'.!■>■ . ON THE ACQUISITION OF TP:RRIT0RY BY OCCUPATION. " When a iialinn tiikos posHcssion of a country to wliioh no prior owner can lay cliiira, it is con- ktttMtiXt or MANITOBt, Sec. 1. Twiat. sidcrcd UH acijuiriii;,' liio fiiiiiirf or Hovcrcigiity over it, iit tho Hftino tinio witli the ilomain. For, since tho Oregon quM- nution ib free and indepeuilciit, it can have no intention, in Hettling in a country, to leave to others the caplvii p. ifio rijjhts of command, or any of tlioso rights that constitute sovereignty ".' Tho whole SfJBce over which a Aeiiuisition of nation extends its governiuont, becomes tho seat of its jurisdiction, and is called its territory." T«"''<>'y.''>' (Vattel, 1.. i. S 205.1 Vatiel h. i. 1. xviii. ,!> 207) discusnes tliis title at large: — " .\ll mankind have an eiinal right to things that have not yet fallen into the possession of any y''i'*2.,tiii one, and th'ise things hclong to the person who first takes possession of them. When therefore a nation ^"«- S"?- finds a country uninhabited, and without an owner, it may lawfully take posiession of it, and after it hat siifinenihi VKulf kmnrn itt will in thi* respect, it cannot be deprived of it by another nation. Thus navigators guing on voyages of discovery, furnished ivitk a cominiition/roin their ttwereii/n, and meeting with islands or otiier lauds in a desert state, have taken possession of them in the name of the nation ; and this title Inu been usually respected, provided it was soon after followed by a real poBsesaiou." According to th's statement, the act of discovery must be sanctioned by a commission from the sovereign, and the will of the nation to take possession must be by its agent sufticiently made known. What acts should be respected by the courtesy of initions, and bo iield sulBcient to make known formally the Mill iif a nation to uvai! itself of a discovery, has been a subject of nmch dispute. The fnimers, however, of tho second article of the Treaty of 1873, were ignorant of the true Twiii, O.Q., |>08ition of the sources of the Mississippi. It was in consequenco stipulated l)y the fourth article of the .^oj's. subsequent Treaty of 1794, that a "joint survey of the river from one degree below tho falls of St. Antlnmy, to the principal source or sources of the said river, and of the parts adjacent thereto," should bo made ; and it, on the result of the survey, it should appear that the river could not be intersected by tho ulwve-metitionod line, tiie parties were to regulate tlie boundary line by amicable negotiation, according to justice and mutual convenience, and in conformity to the intent of the Treaty of 1783. It is to this treaty that President JefTerson alludes in his letter of August, 1803, referred to by .j,^.^^ ^ Mr. Pakenliam, in bis letter of September 12, 1844: — "The boundaries (of Ijouisiana;, which I deem p. 905«. not admitting (|ueNtiov., are tho high lands on tho western side of iba .Mississippi, enclosing all its waters (the Missouri ol course i and terminating in tho line drawn from tb:* north-west point of the Lake of the ^ Woods to tho nearest source of the Mississippi, n» lately $ct'led between Oreat Britain and tho United States," Mr. (Ireenhow (p. 281.), in ulluding to the negotiations antecedent to this conTontion, states that .j,^,^ ^, „ Mr. Monroe, on tho part of the United States, proposed to Lord Ilarrowby th^^ 49th parallel of latitude, P' *•'• upon the grounds tliat this porallol had bei ii adopte;? and definitely settled, by commissaries appointed agreeably to the U'nth article of the treaty concluded at Utrecht in 17l!l. as the dividing line between the French possessions of Western Canada and Louisiana on the south, and tho Bntibb territories of Hudson's Hay on the north ; and that this treaty, having been specially confirmed in the Treaty of 1763, by wliieh Canada and tho part of Louisiana east of the Mississippi and Iberville were ceded to Great Britain, the remainder of Louisiana continued as b<>fore, bounded on tho north by tho 4'Jth parrailel. ^y The same fact was alleged by the commissioners of the United States, in their negotiations with Bpaiu in IHOfi, respecting tho western boundary of Louisiana. (British and Foreign State Papers, 1817-18, p. 322.) - i HI MAXITdKA. B«c. I. 'J'wiig, o.y.. C'Hp.xii..p.aiu p. T2i). 10 Cup xii..|i,'i3l Twian, ().(^ Cnp. xvi.. p. 307H. p. SUV. 60 • Louisiana, it will be thuH seen, acfoidii.K to this autlioritutive document of tlio French crown wa the country watered by the Mississippi, and its tributary streams from the sea-shore to tlie Illinoia • mic was the l.nntation affixed t.. the province by the F.ench themselves; and, by the same public i„Htn,menl Hi! the nst of til,' French possessions were united un.ler the government of New France. It is true tlin the Illinois was subsequently annexed to Louisiana by a royal decree in 1717. after Crozat had relinnuishe, his charter, and the wh..le region was granted to Law's Mississippi Company ; but the Illinois were stil »lK.ken of as the Illinois, and the district was n..t merged in Louisiana, thou-h it was annexed to tha piovuice. to give the company access to Canada, in which the monopoly of the beayor-tra.le liad bee. granted to them. It has been already observed, that the limits of the Hudson's Kay territories an, lMen.-h (Canada were settled by the peace of I'trecht, in 171!1: one great object of that treaty was to pro vi.le against the commercial disputes of the subjects of the two crowns, which had le.l to a serh-s ol conflicts on the shores of Hudson's Hay; it was in furtherance of this object that the fur-trade ofCanad,. was now diverted from the St. Lawrence to the Mississippi, by this grant of the .uonopolv of the be.ver- trode to the Compagnie d'Occident, and the annexation of the Illinois country to Louisiaim. The treaty .,f Paris, however, has not furnishtd the only occasion upon which intricate discussions have ar.srn r.specting the limits .,f Louisiana. By a s.'cret treaty with Spain, made in 17G2 but not M>.nt.d till 1701, Franco ced,.d to her all the country known under the name of Louisiana. This transfer however, was uot pronmlgated till 17Go, two years after the Treaty of Paris had b,.en signed bv France' i^paiu, and t'.reat Britain ; nor dbl the Spaniards obtain possession of the country till 1709. Mr. (lallatin saya, in alluding to royal charters :-" In point of fact, the whole country drained l.v the s..v,.rnl r.vers omptung int.. .no Atlantic Ocean, the mouths of which were within those charters L \ from Ilu.Ison's Bay to Flori.la, and it is believed without ex,-eption, been occupied and held by virtu- If those .hart.rH. \nt „„ly has this principle been fully conlirmed, but it has been not,,, ,usly enf„r«'d much beyond the sources of the rivers on which the sottlementB wore formed. The priority of tbe French settlements on tho rivers flowing westwardly from the Alleghany Mountains into the Mississi,,,.' was altogether disregar.le.l ; and tho rights of the Atlantic colonies to extend beyond those mountains as growing out of the contiguity of t.rntory, and as asserted in the earliest charters, was ..ii dMoription o( UuUiaoa in Croitt'a Charter. m^m ruiiA. 01 ttuy poHsesRioiiB in Ainerica, north of tbf. sources of tho Mississippi, as Louisi.inu did not cxton.l furtlior „/jJ';;;\i'^;', north than those soiivi'cs, tlu'v must liiivo l.ccu piirt of tlie ori^'iniil proviiice of <',iuii,lii, and imvr Ixcn ^^^ ^ ~ ceded to (ir.'.it Hritaiii with Caimdii mid iill h.T .leiiondcufies. The vvostcrn lioimdiii-y of hoiiisiimii wns never attenipled to he extended hy the I'ren.li heyond the limits of Crozafs Krant, i)y which Louisiaiui T»|i»j., O.Q.. was expressly doUued to ho bounded hy New Mexico on the west, and impliedly hy the liead-waters of the Missouri rivor. «' The actual possession," Mr. Oallatin maintained, " and populous settlements of the valley of the Mississippi, including' r,onisi,ina, and now under one soverei^jnty, constitute a stronf,- claim to the west- wardly exti'usion o; that province over the vonlviuom vacant territory, and to the ocupation and sover- eignty -' the country as far as the Pacific Ocean. If some trading factories (h. the shoivs of iludson's „, Bay iiavo heon considered by Great Britain as giving an exclusive^ righ*, of occupancy as fur as th- flocUy Mountains; if the infant settl.nu-nts on the m-re southern Atlantic shores justilied a claim thence to the South Seas, and which was actuallv enforced tn the Mississippi, that of the milli..ns already within the reach of those seas cannot consistently he resisted. For it will not he denic.d that the extent of contiguous territory, to v.hich an actual settlement gives a prior right, must dej-cid, in a consid.^rahl. degree, on the ma-Miitude niul popiih.tion of that setth^mem, and -n the facility with which tlio vacant udjoin.ng land may, within a short time, he occnimd, settled, and cultivated hy such populati.ni. as compared with the probability of its being thus occupied and vettled from another quarter " In reference, then, to the original tiih^ of the United States, Mr. Calhoun, in his letter <.f September ca,.. xvii,. 3 1881 gniunded it... the prior discovery of the mouth of the Columbia Biver hy Captain Gray, on tlu> I'' • pi-ior explorati.m of the river from its head-waters iy Lewis and Clarke in l«l)5-.i, on the prior settle- ment on its hanks by American citi/cns in IhUtMO, and hy tin. I'actic Fur Company at Astoria in 1811, which latter estahlishimnt was fornurly restored by the liritish (iovernmenl in iHlH lo the (lovernmenl of the United States, Mr. Buchanan, in his letter of July 12, iHlf., basing brie.lv recapitulated these nllced facts says ;-" If the discvcv of the m^ 'ith of a river, followed up within a reasonabl.. time by the nrst exploration of its main channel an.l Us branches, and api.ropriate.l by the lirst settlements on Us banks, do not constitute a title to the territory drained by its waters in the nation performing these acts, then the principles c.nsecrated by the practice of civilised nations ever since the discovery ot th., Now- World must have lo^t their force. Those principles were necessary to procure the peace ol the world. Had they not be,,, enforced in praetic.., .lashing claims f. newly-discovered territory, and perpetual str.te HO among the nations, would have been the inevitable result." The C.ann,issaries on both sid.s were appointed, and they met, but whether they .igreed on such a HutUntXaw boundary and the position thereof, or did not. is disputed. BhiUimore, in his great work on International ;,, Law (Vol. 1, p. 311, !3rd Ed.) says,— ..m conformity with the 10th Article of the first-mentioned Treaty (I'trc-ht), the boundary between Canada a,.d Louisiana, on the one side, and the llndson's Bay and Nortliwcstern ^^^^^^ ^ was established by Commissaries by a line to commence at a Cape or I'romomory on the Ocean in 58 HO Tth ttitu'lo, to run thence Houth-wcstwardly to latitude 40" north from the Equator, and along that hue deiiuitely westward." At'l Charter. p. IP $\ l| i.\ m 63 EVIDENCE OF DONALD A SMITH, HON. MR. JUSTICE JOHNSON, MR. JUSTICE ARMOUR, WILLIAM MURDOCH, C.E., P. L. MORIN, and W. McD. DAWSON, GIVEN BEFORE THE COMMITTEE OF HOUSE OP COMMONS, CANADA MARCH, 1880, REPORT OF T. K. RAMSAY, Esq., Q.C., ON THE NORTHERN AND WESTERN LIMITS OF ONTARIO. So. II. Kvi.ll'lHC (.'iviii iK'fori' ('iPllllllittt'l' of tlllllMI' of ('ollltllollH, I'aiMilii. Mill.ll, !^■<0. Kviiliiici' of lion. lloiinM .\ .^iiiilli.M.r. 10 .'(» FiuitA^, rjlli Marth, l.sso. Mm. DONALD A. SMITH. M.l\, onllr.l aii.l Kxamiii..!. lii/ f/if ChnniKiti : I7!t. I siii-iHW lint i.rovuiuHti) (ho tinn- ..f the Tivuty of rindit, tho liiukurs lluy C'oiupmiyV |i>rtM>i«ion \va8 ratlicr uiu-crtaiij J* — It hiul loon diHimtoil. 1><0. |!ii< MiliH'.ni..iit (.1 that Tr.Mify, in tin- iioi^'lilHimhoiHl of IIuiInoh'b Bay it wnM undisimtoili' Tlio lItiil.soir.s Hay Coiiiiiaiiy always liilil it to lioso. I«l. Sinco the Troaty of rfr.'<-lif llioro luw Invn no ilisimto an to tlio posHoshion on the (--onflnosof tin Day!' — Not tliat I am awnrfof; never. IH-,'. Till' iio.s,(..4>ioii i,f 111,. IIii.l.Hon'.s Hay roni|mny ori},'iiiat( Straits, l«)nniled liy what is n^*iially known a.s the heijrht ,,f 1„!id. IM. Then, you conmdcr the hejjrlii ,,f l,i,„l ,„• ,Kt. Luwrenee wat.'it*li(Hl to 1m' the wmtliein 1»iim(I,ti\ of till' territory of tho Hud.xonV Bay ( 'oniimny J*— The lludson'.s Bay Coniiiany have always held it (.. he «o. I iiiighl my that the opinions tlioy have had from lnuniwl i-oun,*'! mnilrni thorn in that \iew. //.'/ Mr. Troir : 1H7. Th.' Iliid.son'H Bay Company did not iH)nilne thoniM'lvcH to thew parti, iilnr limits uMeh yen now di'.scril.ey— They did not. In-cauKothoy hold a Vm'Xim'in trade in tho territory Ix.yond that n> well, in what \A known art tho Imliaii i-iuntry, iii[iany huvi- always lulil it to coiiHnn llu'iii in tluit view. *«• |iartit iilivr liniitA wliich you ■rritory Iwyond that a> woll, in in their tcrrifory i>r. Yon t^poko ahout tlio oi.inions of .ouuh.I ; I ,„v.sunio tUoy wero Enjrli^li ."unwl l.-arncl in tho law. You liav.., I nnyy^^.^, wmi.. of tho.s,. oi.i„i,„isy-Y.H, Lord Mansli.jd. Mr. S.arl-tt, I/.nl A1.inp..r, Lord Uoniilly, and otlur most ..miii..nt .omis,.! wen- cmMdt-'d by tl.,. Hudson's May (.'onii.anv. I think tho naniBS of somo of thorn nr.. f^ivon horo (i-aKo ;W7, lloiw- of Commons l{..|.ort, Im.-,7.) I^)rd Mans- Bohl, l»rd Uoniilly, Ki-skino, Krarl.-tf, llolroy.l, and novfral othm. (Oiiinionn pi-oduml.) //// Mr. i\',lili>n : 1!H). Wlu'ii' are thow o[.iiiions to ho foiinil h— l*onie of th.iii niv liinv. 1!)L Doosthocnmi Huluniltt'.l l.y tli- lludson'rt Hay Comimny aouomi.any the opinion I'—Yos ; tho oaae of the ('om]iaiiy i^ given. Jli/ Mr. l)i CmmoK : 192. Won> tliore not h-gal opinioiw given in Kiipland agaiu.nt the llmUonV Bay Company ^—Tlieru were opinionn given at the inMamv of the North Went Company, those of bird Jlroughaiii, and <.iie or two otliers, which were not so favounihle. li);j. Could you state the names of the otherM}' The Chdirmtin — They are in I lie Ontario din-unientH Ikto. //// Mr. litihiiiion : I'M. As to the 1)oundary ?— Li some (a.sis— u, to tlw Imundar) . The Koundary was heM to 1h' hy thoflo who were consulted to he the height of land. ni/ Mr. Triiir : lO'i. 1W« Lonl Ih-ougham's ojiinion take in the iMnindaryl' — I am not very sure; I think it does. 11)6. Wiat wert» thom- opinioiiH which wen* given ailvej-sely to timse jirevious defisions in favour of tho company !* — ^Tliey are to the eifect that, with regard to trade, the ci>mpany i^tuld not claim nn oxohuiive right to trade in the eountiy, a.s being the Uoverniueiit of thi' country, hut that as to their territorial rights there could lie no ijuestion. //// Ihv ChairmiiH : 1!)7. They all agreed that the charter was valid as to territorio' rights J* — Yes; and that their right to exclude other trailers from the country would be nieri'ly as the jn'oiirietors, in a matter of tnwpatw. 198. With regard to the ihnrter of the lliiditon's liny Company, I believo that i)art of the condition on which it wiw granted war* that the Company should establish colonies within the territory which it oovenHl. 1 believe that in carrying out this condition tln^ Company e.Htablishcd a colony called the (xjlouy of Assiniltoia. Is not that the ensey — It is. 199. Ah to whether that cHilony was riiKigni/.ctl by the Imperial Government or not, that i« an important ijuestion!' I believe that on two occasions the Imperial troops were sent out to maintain orMm: 20(t, At what lime wiis the (!tli Uegiment tliei-e!'— 1 think in 18 Mi, under Colonel Crofton. 201. And tho Canudinn Uiftes, wheny— In IH-'j? tin- Canadian Uilles wero sent there under Major Sent.m, and afterwards under Captain llibbert. The Home liovernment also assist(«oi>8 and tlie comjiany eontrilmted t4> their Hnsteiiance. 29a. I>i.l the ImiKirinl Oovenwnent also contributo to tho uxpon8o« of tho pciiBionors P— Not further thsn their r-enaion?. f \iir.Niiix lil'.M.tNIIilllA. Hcc. 11. K»ii|tnn' uiVi II liefori" C'limniittoo of llllllKl' uf riiiiiiiKiiiii, (.'aimilii, Miirrli, 18«0. Kviili-iic « of lloii. |).>iinl. 19 20 :ti) til I I 64 !ti- mm Ai'rKsinx criiil (Jiivi'rnnu'uf mm'HiKmilcd willi tho Oovornore and tbo Oovommoiif of the now eoliiiiy of A.s.Mnilioia, I irn'mnno ?— Willi tli.- (inv.rnors of the lludwiii's liuy Comimny. L'(».V Had tho (Jovi.'nimi.'nt of that colony Courts I'slrthliHlitHl and powor to iidniini»ti>r tho law ; had il, for iii.sfaiic.', tho power of lifo ninl d.-atli K— It had ihc jMiwcr of life and di-uth. Thoro was a Uounuil of AssinilKiia, and a liccordiT who was Judjji' — Judge Tlioni. Jh 'Vr. J{o;/iif: 29(5. Ho wns tho first lloconlor Y — Yew ; as I Iinve oiiid, the Govoniniont hnd iiow(/ Mr, I>f I 'iixiinm : 207. "NVliat was tho dato of those nitiiointuionts y — The aiiiioiiitniont of the first liccordor must have boon in IM.'JS „r 1H;1!). Jii/ tlw ('/iiiirniaii : '■iOH. Tho • Cminon : 212. What wa.H the aseertained iHiundary of the Colony of As«inilioin f — I ilon't nwdloet exootly. I should Ntate that I have givin no partieiilar attention to this suhjeet for man}' years past. Tfw C'lidiniMii read from tho prriilanmtio!\ of Oovonior MoDoueU, as follows : — " Wliereaj* the Ut»vernor and Company of Hudson's Hay have (H-ded to tho Right Honotirable Thomas, Karl of Selkirk, his lieirs and Huceessors, for ever, all that tract of land or territory, Ixiimdod by a lino running as follows, viz.: — Ileginning on tho western shore iuo running duo west to Ijiiko Winnipiga'^bi.-h, othenvisc* called Little Winnijiic ; then in a southerly direit ion through tho said lako, Ml as to strike its we.Htern shore in latituiU* tifty-two degrees ; then duo west to tho placH* where tho pamllel of tifty-two dcgri-es north latil\ide intersects tho western braiuh of Ued lliver, otherwise called ^V-sainiljoino ; then duo south fnim that point of intersection to tho height of land which separates tho waters running into Hud.son's 15ay from tho.se of the Mi.ssouri and Mississi|)pi Rivers; then in an easterly direction along the height of land to tlm source of the River Winnipic (meaning by such last-named rivor tho principal liranch of the waters which unite in the liJiko Saginagas) ; thence along the main stream of those waters and the middle of the seveml lakes through which they jiass, to tho mouth td" the Winnipio River; and tluiiee in a northerly direction through tho middle of the Laki' Winnijiie, to tho placeof beginning; which territory is called Assiuiboia, and of which I, the undersigned, have boon duly apiMiintinl Uovonior." 21'b Mr. n'f /(/»«.— Wljat date was that given Y Tliv Chiiiriiitiii. — It says, "(iiven under my band at Kort Dner (Pembina), tho 8th day of January, 1MU.» lt;i lln' Chiurnuttt, to irihicm ; 21 I. So that tho colony cxisteil for a long time, aiul was recognized by the Imperial (lovenmient at a Crown colony, ■•- fact J* — It was. The Hud.son's May Comj>auy had a council called the Nortluim Council. Their factors or olHccrs were the Council of Rupert's Ijand lor all the piu-posos of (iovenmiont Resides having their oflicers ond governnu'ut at Red River, tho company had Sheriirs for Rupert's Limtl 2l''i. ( Jiitside of the ctilony ? — Yos. 2K'. So they had all the powers of dovormuontl' — Yes. //'/ Mr. limn : vir i 'id the stjutheni boundafy of tho Bu-c&llcd colony of A-'itUiib-oiu <.;u2Tcs|)und with v,aM rras 60 nd tho Oovoniiui'iif cif tljo now tiy (Viiiipniiy. viooUect exactly. I [iiiy .years jiast. (•Hows : — U'd to tho Kight IlonoiiriiMo t of Innd or tcnifory, Iwiuulod on' of liiiko Wiiiniiiii", at a o nuiiiing duo west to Loko lirf< tioii thiimgh tlio wjid lako, ■ west to tho iijiutt whero fiiu if Hod llivur, othcrwiso cuUod fht of land which sojuiratefl tho [ijii Itivfi-s ; tlun in an cnsti'rly ailing hy siicli laM-nanii'd river lu'Ueo along tho main btreani of , to the mouth of the Winuipio Lake Winnijiie, to the jilaee of uudei-sigued, havo boon duly bina), tho 8th day of Jonunry, y the Imperial (loveniment us a eouncil called the Nortliorn ill the purjMiBos of ( lovoniniont latl 8lierill8 for liuport's Land. ioia currcBjiond with what was i supposed to ho tho southern boundary of tlio Hud8<.n'« Uay Company's territory?— Yes ; tho h.-lght of land. •JlS. IJiit t!loe^^tern boun . casions, up to tho last moment b.-f.u.- tiio transfer. At the latter lime I was aotiug.'not as Oovornor of tho Uu.lm.u's IJay Coini-any, for tho (iovernor is tho i;hairman of the Company in England, but ns territorial Oovonmr, and the thou comman-ler of tho forces insisted that I. acting as Governor of Hudson's bay, should mhninist.^r the Uoveniment when tiie forces went in in lH7(). I did, in fact, administir tho Government until Li..utenanl-(!overnor Arcliibabl anive.l. The Chuirimu .—The treaty referred to by Mr. Smith is that nmdo by Upper Cana.la with tho Lake Superior Indians. It provides : " That for an-l in consideration of tho sum of iL'l.mu ol good and lawful money of Upi-er Canada, to thnm in hand paid, and for tho further perpetual annuity .d £000, tho same to bo paid and ch,livored to tho said Cliiefs and their tribes at a eonvenieut season of each summer, m.t later than tho first day of August, at tho Honourable the Hudson's IJay Company's posts of lilichipieoten an.l Fort William, they, the sai.l Chi.fs and principal men. do freely, fully, and voluntarily surrender, cede, grant and convey unto Her Majesty, her hers and succ^.rs, for eVcr all th.^ir right, title, and interest in tho whole of tho territory akn'o deserilsMl. save and except tho reservations set forth in the scIuhIuIo hereunto annexed, which reservatiou .hall be held and occupied by thesaid Chiefsaiidtheir tribes inconinion for the purp'>«'s of residence and cultivation. And .bould the said Chiefs and their respective trib,.s at any time desire to dispose of any mineral ..r otlu.r valuable produo- tions upon tho said roservaticms, tho same will be. at their request, s.dd by order of the Supenntcndent- Gouoml of tho Indian Department for the time being, for iheir sole use and bendit and to tho best advantage." Here is tho desc-ription of tho territory: " I'lom Hat.^hewanaung Bay to Pigwm llivor, at tho western extremity of said lake, and inland throughout that extent to the hri,,hl o/ la,„l ,rhirh .ei.m,t,s the ten-iton, eov,re,l /»/ the Ch,ivt.r of Ihr Ifonmn-M Ih,- ]I,i.Un„\ li„,, Com im,,;, from the H<,„Ur,iet and also, tho islands iu tho said lake within the boundaries of the British possessions therein, of the other part." The Chiiii-maii, to iritiies>i : "•>•' In the ol.l descriptions which are here and in the .v.mmissions to Governors, there is a boundary lineof Hudson Bay refcned to. In the ,lescriptions..f the boundary botwi«)n Upper and l^^wer Canada Iho lino is always ivfenvd t., as running due north from the head of Uko T(>niiscanii..g. until it strikes tlio boun-lary of Hu.ls<.n's Bay. That continued for a very long period, up to WH, to be the .lescnption eontaine.1 in the commissions to Governors. SubHcriuent to ISW the .lescription given is from tho head of Uke Temiscaming duo north, imtil it strikes tho shore of Hudson's Bay. Tho (im-stion I wish to ask is • was the boundary lino of Umlstm's Bay identical with the shore of Hudson's Bay, or was it not r— Not with the shore. It was un.h-rst.Mxl thai the height of the land was the l)ouu.lary line ui Hudson's Bay, or the Hu.h*on's Bay (Jomi.any's territory. I have noticed what tho Chainnan has mentionwl, with respwt to the change which. I think, was made when Lord Diu-lmm was appointed Governor and (.'om- „..•.-:.,..- I ...... ,>.>lv ncnoiMit lor it a« beini7 a mistake on the Hurt of somo one in (Uie of tiie oitices of tho English Government, who took this to bo tho shore of Hudson's Bay. AiMTMnix or Man iron A. Siv. l\~ KviMi'iica Hivi'ii Iwfura ('KtlllllitlUO of H'iii»i' iif L'llllllllKIIII, C'aiiiiiln, Mar.h, 1880. Kvt>li'iice of ll<rM.\Mri)u.t. HiH . liT" Kvi.lill.r Kiv.ll l..f,i|i Cdiiiiiiiiric III llnll.'li' lit' CtilllllhillH, Caii.i'lit, fl't""i';;:„°i,i ""'"^^ '^'•'J'"' ^^'"•'•■^'.V to .listiuKuish iM-twc... tho lM.„u.Iary a.ui tho shur... A.Hriiitli,.M.r, /'./ Mr. Jlos.1 : 10 'm. m any ,li«,,ute over nris., ou account of that hu|.,.o8o.I <.U.ri..al error h-Not that I an. awaro of huia?-Yr"' """^'*""''' ""^ ^'"'"'"'"^ "''""'''' '""' '"'"^''''"" "^ "" ''■"""'■y *" ♦'"' '«"■»''♦ "f 2f; • '^."I'l;;-' ♦•'« «'»'«'"•"' ';""';>"ry ..f th.. IIu.1ho„V Bay (.■on.,>a..y'H territory «1.„ ,., ,,.. „„ ,,„,, al 11 ,''''! '*\ thMon-itory; woul.l it c.„.8iHt o. any la,.,l .,,' i„.,,oHanco h-Th.ro i ; ; r r, 7""^^;/ ""; '-f-V --!•' »- -^'--K wort.. !.>...,. ^ chafer Bays mont ox,.h..,l, tl...y «hall huv.. all lan.l.s ,1... waten. of whi..]. .n.j.ty i,.to Hudson's Bay a„.l Hu-Non-s Jli/ Mr. m/,lo„ : 2'iH Xy. ,ho.,i. .,xa..tly tho words h-Tf is n.o,v pineal nftmvar.ls. It says all such Inmts not possosscl l>y a..y ofh..r Christia.. j.owor whiol. thoy oau havo a..,.,.s,s to from thos.. MW 'Tt!7 *'" .•'"'"'"" "''" ''•"""'■ ^''■""'^ '"■ ^''"^'''""' ^■'^ "' l-''^*^-'"" "' ''"-> l""'« "« AlLany !.>..• K-Tl.at ,,u..st,on was ku,,,.ohwI to l.avo boon dorudinlLy tho Treaty of Utrwht. Tho Hudson's liay tomimny i-ul fonvar.l their claiiii and it was not .lu.-stioncd. :;:!','• "^1 ?" '"":' "^ """ '!'■■"'';/ "'' *'*^""'" '♦ ^"« «--« V,i„i,. portions. ..1 . But prov.o,u, to tho Treaty of Ityswiek those portic.s of tho co.mtrv wer.. ^iv- n ,„. to fi-anee!' — Thiy were. ' ' //// .)//•. J:o,/,i/: Qf. P rf ';■ ^ 'T'"""' '""''"■ *'"! '"^^'^'"••'♦"''"" K''^™ V ""' "ud.sou's Bay Co,..pa,.y to that par, of their 30 ons htuhon. they never ....s.derod they w...-e li.nitcl for trading pt.rposes to the shores of Hudson's 'lay r — Never. 2:R A..dpa.ti..ulariy.M.eyl.adt].eriKht to l.uild forts and fur trading ostnblishments within the water-Hl.ed of Jludson s liny •' -Yob. ■2:i\. That was nev.v <|mtion(Ml f-It was not ,,,.estiono• '^'•"'^^-i '- »- ^''" '•"'•■•"■u.hments o. he Aorth-AV est rompauy, i *n o.u- occasion thoy t^K^k p.-ison. , ,he principal ofKcer of the North-West (.onipany, J. ('. MeTavish. //// .1//'. J>i' Coxi/ULi : 2ar). Whei-e was that J-— Near Hudson's Bay, on one of the islands. !i;j(i. What part of Hudson's Bay Y—iH. James' Bay. //'/ Mr. Jh' CunmoH : •v'.ir. Who appointed the m,^.i8trat.'s arouj.d tho shores of James' Bav h— Tho ILidsonV Bav Company. The chief factors of the ..on.j.any were alr..ndy magistrates. r.:o/Hr^,, under the charter, and they e.vere..ed all the powers of .nagistrules .n.d-r the charter, i.. conformity, as near as the circm.stancos would pon.iit, with tho laws of England. -r.iS. Did Ih,. Cana.lian (loveniment, so far as you are awaro, over appoint any n.agislrates or other olhcers of Canada to perfor.u magisterial duties within the territory, .ommencin- at the northern and WH-ston. b..undaries of (iueboo ; that is withi... a.,d west of a line d.-awn froiu^Temiscaming t- Jamen' Bay !>— My o-.v„ impression wa, that tho magistrates they aj-iK-iuted were for that district ly.ng 40 •■ .s m Imlf adogeii Oovrrnon'i' — In Kl^rin OH Into ns 1H1«, nml in 111 ink there wna ,»vor atiy wr- tlmt tlu'V Wen, awtirt' of mix ly, till- iiflMiil not hiiviiiff nnv •or h— Not tlmt I ani nwaro of. ' 'itorv to tlx" lu-iglit of torritoiy h1i,, 111 In. the slmiv 1(111(1 of imiiortiURo }'~Tlu>r(' iig. The Charter wij-s most [u«l8on's Ikv mill Hu.I .i, It says nil such Inmis not hosf, 'Hsimi of the land at Allniny of UtrtH-lit. Till. llmUon's Britain !'— (Vitnia portions, country were jfivni n|( to iu]iany to tlmt part of their to the shore.-* of UiidHon's f ostpblishment'^ within tin- val e .'J'jr. ilou*- of Commius Uepoil, lx''.\ I.,ord Mans- field, Ijonl Ifciniilly, Ersk'iie, ►♦earlett, HoIh.mI. mu.1 seviTal others, ((tpuiioiis piodurcd.) y/v J/c. U'/,lun : ]'.H). Wieie are tliosi" opinions to be fouml r -.Smui. of tluni are here. l!tl. Does the case submitted by thi. Iluib ' lliiv Company aciompany tlie opininiiy — Yr^; the casv of tlie (Jonijuny iH given. //// Mr. Ih CiiimoH : I!t2. Wire there not .gal opinions }:iveii in .i^'liind against (lie Hudson's H v Company f — There were ..|>inion8 givi'U at the in.staine of the North \V««t Company, tlioso ..f l,.>rd l{iougiiaiii, and one or two others, whieh were not w» favourable. lim. Could you otate the names of the others!' T/ii- C/iiiinii'in — They are in the Ontario d.Miinn nts lure. /'// Mr, KnliiiiKiiii : 104. Aa to the Ijoundary?— In Bfime "es — a.s to the boundary. The bi.imdary was held to ]»• by those who were" eonsiilted to be the height oi hind. //// Mr. Troir : lakr in the iH.undarvl' — I niii not very sure; I think it At'l'RMIIX or.M.vsrioWA. Kviill'IlIT giVrll l*.|nri. C'oiiiniittw of lllllHl' lif ColllllMJilH, Ciiii.tiU, M.ir.|i, 18S0. Kviili'ii. c of II |)..n.i|.| A..Hii,iih,.\l.l'. 10 \W). Does Lord llrougham's opii •20 doe! lOli. What were those opinions w the eoin|iany';' — They are to the ell'i . le givcli ndver.-iely to those J)revioUs deeisiiiiis in filVolU" of if, with regard to trade, tin- eomiMiny eotild luit iluiiii an oxebwive right to trade in the country, as being the Uovernment of tlio coiuitry, but that as to their territorial rig) Is there eould bo uo qiu»8tion. liij the ( '/mi rum II : 107. They all agreed that tho eharter was valid as to territorial rights!' — Yes; and that their right to exclude other trmbm from the country would bo merely as the pi-oprietors, in a matter of tresjia.sH. iOH. With regard to the ehiirter of the llud.son's Jiay Company, I lielieve tlmt jiart of the condition on which il was granted wiw that tho Company should establish eoloiiie- within the ten-itory which it ooverfMl. I believe that in carrying out this condition llie ( 'uinpany established a colony called the wdony of Assiniboiu. Ts not that the ease!'--!! is. 100. Art to whetlier that c Ked Uiver country, although not employed as a force. //// Mr. Itv Cwmot : 202. Wlio paiil the force l*— Tho Imperial Government paid tho troops and the cimipany contributed to their sustenance. 20M. Did th(> Imperial Government also contribute tn the expenses of the pensioners P — ^Not further than their pensions. {0 411 MICROCOPY RESOIUTION TEST CHART (ANSI and ISO TEST CHART No, 2) 1.0 i.l 1.25 |f m IIM 2.2 2.0 lA 11.6 ^ -APPLIED IM^GE Inc IS^. '6b3 fost Mam 5lr*;et 2-^ Hfort'ester, Ne* York U609 USA ■^ : ' ■ '■ 1 "482 - 0300 - Phone = ■ '16) 288- ^989 - Tn. 64 Al'I'ENIlIX ofJIanitoiia. I ! Sec, II. Evi(loiu'i) (iiven Iiel'oi'o Cimiiiiittoo of House of Cominous, Canada, Maivli, ISSO. Eviilc'iK of Hon. Donald A.Sniitli,.M.l'. 10 20 30 40 IJ.'/ the Cliairman : -m Tlio Imperial Govornmcnt ooiTcspondea with tlie Governors and tlio Government of the new colony ol Assnnbf.ia, I presume ?-With tlie Governors of the llndson's Bay Company 2().>. Had tlie Government of that rol„„y Court.s establislied and power to admini.ster the law ; had It lor instance, tlie power of life and death Y-h had the power ,)f life and death. There was a Coimcil ot Assiniboia, and a llecorder wlio was Judge— Judge Thorn. Jf,'/ Jlr. Ihi/al: ^ mi He was the first lieeorder ?- Yes ; as I have said, the Government had power of Ufo and i.eath, and one person was exeeuted. /j'.v J/i\ Dc Cosmos : 207 What was the date of these appointments ?-The appointment of tlie fu-st Recorder must have been m l8;jS or liS;!!). H;/ the C/iiiiniHiii : 208. The colony, I believe, had clearly defined boundaries ?— It had. 209. And tliese boundaries are given in Mr. Mills' report P— Yes. Jh/ Mr. Trow: 210. I suppose tlie old boundaries cover the whole of Dakotah ?— A portion of Dakotah. 211. And also Minnesota ?—KSomo part of Minnesota. i>,y Mr. Br Coxmoa : 212. What was the ascertained boundary of the Colony of Assiniboia P— I don't recollect exactly I should state that I liavo given no particidar attention to this subject for many years past. Thr Chmrmau read from the proclamation of Governor McDonell, as follows :— " Whereas the Governor and Company of Hudson's Bay have ceded to the Right Honourable iliomas, Jiari of Selkirk, his lieh^s and successors, for ever, all that tract of laud or territory bounded by a line rmming as follows, viz. :- Beginning on the western shore of Lake Winnipic at a Fmit in hlty-two degrees and thirty minutes north latitude; and thence rimning due west to Lake Wmmpigashish, othenriso called Little Winnipic; tlien in a Goutherly direction through tlie said laie so as to strike Its western shore in latitude fifty-two degrees ; then duo west to the place whero tho parallel of fifty-two degrees north latitude intersects tho western branch of Red River, otherwise caUed Assinibome ; then due south from that point of intersection to the height of land wliicli separates the waters running into Hudson's Bay from tho..o of tho ilissoui-i and ^lississippi Rivers ; tlien in an oasterlv direction along the height of land to the soiirce of the River Winnipie (meaning by such last-named riv.r the principal branch of the waters which unite in the Lake Saginngas) ; thence along the main stream of those waters and the middle of tho several lakes tln'ongh which they pass, to tho moutli of the Winnipic River; and thence in a northerly direction througii tho middle of the Lake Winnipic, to tho place of beginning; which territory is called Assiniboia, and of which I, tlie imdersigned, have been dulv appointed Governor." "* ^ 2V]. Mr. Wihlon.—'Wha.i date was that given ? The Chairman.— It says, "Given under my hand at Fort Daer (Pembina), tho 8th day of January, Ih/ the Chairman, to iritncss : 214. So tliat tho colony existed for a long time, and was recognized by the Imperial Government m a Crown colony, in fact P-It was. The Hudson'.s Bay Company had a council called tho Northern Coimcil. Then- factors or officers were the Coimcil of Rupert's Land for aU tho piu-poses of Government Besides having their officers and government at Red River, the company had Sheriffs for Rupert's Land" 21-0. Outside of tho colony ? — Yes. 216. So they had all the powers of Government? — Yes. Ji>/ Mr. Rons : 217 T^id the southern boundary of the so-oalled colony of Asdniboia correspond with what was mMH r#ii tlio Govoriuncut of the new ^oinpany. to ndminister the law ; had ■ath. There was a Coimoil nt Iiad power of life aud le fii'st Recorder must have in of Dakotah. don't recollect exactly. I •ears past. ■s : — the Right Ilonoiirahle !and or territory, boimded if Lake AVinnipic, at a lining due west to Lake ion through tlie said lake, t to the place where the )d River, otherwise called land wliich separates the Ivors ; tlien in an easterly by sucli last-named river along the main stream of le mnutli of llio "Winnipio Winnipic, to tlio place of rsigncd, have been duly the 8th day of January, Imperial Grovemment as icil called the Northern pm'poses of Government, eriffs for Rupert's Land. rrespoud Avith what was 65 supposed to be the southern bo^mdary of tL.) Hudson's Bay Company's territory? — Yes; the height of land. 218. But the eastern boundary did -..ot in any way corVospom' vith what was supposed to be the eastern boimdary of the Hudson Bay Com])any P — It did not. 210. Then it was only the boundary of the colony on the south side that corresponded wit li tb boundnry of the Hudson's Bay Company ? — Yes ; the boimdaries of tlie colony were mailo simply for ii convenience. By the Chairman : 22;). Another importsmt point is this, was tlie height of land recognized as a boimdnry by Upper Canada. Have you any documents shoAviug that it was so recognized Y — Yes, there was the Robinson Treaty. 221. I believe that the Imperial Government, in proclamations and otherwise, recognized the validity of the Company's charter and the existence of their c'. iras ap to the time the country passed to Canada? — Yes; on many occasions, up to the last mome i before the transfer. At the latter time i was acting, yot as Governor of the Hudson's Bay Company, for the Governor is the Chau'man of the Company in England, but as temtorial Governor, aud the then commander of the forces insisted that I, acting as Governor of Hudson's Bay, should iidminister the Government when the forces wont in in 1870, I did, in fact, administer the Government until Lieutenant-Governor Archibald arrived. The Chainihiii : — The treaty referred to by Mr. Smith is that made by Upper Canada with the Lake Superior Indians. It provides : " That for and in consideration of the smn of £2,()(i() c ? good and lawful money of Upper Canada, to tJiem in hand paid, and for the further perpetual annuity of £500, the same to be paid and delivered to the said Chiefs and their tribes at a convenient season of each summer, not later than the fii-st day of August, at the Honourable the Hudson's Bay Company's posts of IMichipicoten and Fort William, they, the said Chiefs and principal men, do freely, fully, and voluntarily surrender, code, grant and convey unto Her Majesty, her heirs and successors, for ever, all theii- right, title, and interest in the whole of the territory above described, save and except the reservations set forth in tlio schedule hereimto annexed, which reservation shall bo held aud occupied by thesaid Chief sand their tribes incommonfor the purposes of residence and cultivation. Aud should the said Chiefs and their respective triljes at any time desire to dispose of any mineral or other \-aluable produc- tions upon the said reservations, the same will be, at their request, sold by order of the Superintendent- General of the Indian Department for the time being, ftu' tlieir solo use and benefit and to the best advantage." Here is the description of the territory : " From Batehewanaung Bay to Pigeon River, at the western extremity of said lake, and inland throughout that extent fo tlie hcUjht of land irhieh hpjh, rates the fcrrifori/ covered lii; the Charter of the Honourable the lladfon's Bai/ Conipani/ from the said trad and also, the islands in the said lake within the boundaries of the British possessions therein, of the other part." The Chairman, to iritness : r 222. In the old descriptions which are here and in tlie commissions to Governors, there is a boimdary lino of Hud.^on Bfiy refciTcd to. In the descriptions of the boundary between Upper and Lower Canada the Hno is always referred to as ninning duo north fi-om the head of Lake Temiscaming, until It strikes the boundary of Hudson's Bay. That continued for a very long period, up to 1838, to be the description contain(>d in the commissions to Governors. Subserpient to 18IJ8 the description given is from the head of Lake Temiscamhig due north, until It strik 'S the shore of Hudson's Bay. The question I wish to ask is : was the boundary line of Hudson's Bay identical with the shore of Hudson's Bay, or was it not r — Not with the shore. It was imderstood that the lieight of the land was the boundary line of Hudson's Bay, or the Hudson's Bay Company's territory. I have noticed what the Chairman has mentioned, with respect to the change which, I think, was made when Lord Lurhani was appointed Governor and Com- missioner. I can only accotmt for it as being a mistake on the pai-t of some one in one of the offices of the English Government, who took this to be the shore of Hudson's Bay. All'F.NDlX ofMa.nmtoba. Hoo. 11. Kviik'iuio f,'lVCll lii't'oi'o Ciuiiinittcu nf -iiillSO 111' Li'iiiiiioiia, CiUiiula, Mardi, 1880. Eviilc'iico of llc.ll Doliillil A,8niitli,M.P. 10 20 30 40 (i(j i Al'PI'MUX (ikMamioiia, ticv. II. Cdllllllitll'O vi Jroiisc lit' Coiniiioiis, C,in.'i,|:i, Ali'.nli, IS^O. Kviilciico of Hon. DiiiriM A.Sinitli.M.l'. 10 any ving any error Y — Not tliat I am aware of. 20 7)','/ Jfr. Rohiuxon : '■I-->-',. liiit it' it was n mistake it was repeated in tlie commissions of half a dozen Governors i*- -In those of fonr. 2-24. In the oonimission of Lord Gosfor.I in lS;m or l«;:-7, of Lord Elgin as late as 1846, and in that of Lord Diirliani, also, the expression "shore " was nsed!'— I do not think there was ever any oor- respondenee with the Ilndson's Bay Company at home on the sub-eet, nor that thev were aware of any cause for the change. And from that I suppo.se that it occ.aTod ae( ideutally, the ofRoial not ha-, knowledge whereby to distinguish between the boundary an.d the shore Jl'/ Mr. ii'».v.v .• 22.5. Did any disjjute over arise on account of that supposed clerical Jl'/ Mr. Oiiinirt : 220. The Hudson's Bay Company always had possession of the temtory to the ht^io'ht of laud ?— Yes. ° 227. Suppose the southern boundary of the Hudson's Bay Company's temtory shoidd be the shore of Hudson'," Bay, where would be the territory ; would it consist of any laud of importance v_Tliere really would bo no territory; there really would be notliiug worth having. The Charter says most explicitly they shall have nil lauds the waters .h which empty into Hudson's Bay and Iludson's Straits. Hi/JIr. WvMon: 22S. XxG those exactly the word.s J'— It is more general afterwards. It says all such lands not possessed by any other Christian power which they can have access to from those. 229. Then the question arises whether France or England was in possession of the land at Albany River I''— That question was supposed to have been decided by the Treaty of Utrecht. The Hudson's Bay Ci^mpany jiut forward their claim and it was not quoftioued. 2;30. At the time of the Treaty of Utrecht it was surrendered to Great Britain :^— Certiin portions. 2:U. But previous to the Troaty of Byswick those portions of the country were given up to Franco '^ — They were. Bi) M, . lloi/al : 232. I suppose, under the interpretation given by the Hudson's Bay Company to that part of their 30 Constitution, they never considered they were limited for trading pm-posos to the shores of Hudson's Baj' 't — Never. 2;3:j. AtuI particidarly, they had the right to build forts and fur trading ostabHshments within the water-shod of Hudson's Bay 'r* — Yes. 234. That was never questioned ?— It was not questioned except by rival companies at the time, nothing more ; and the Hudson's Bay Com])auy resisted what they believed to be the encroachments of the North-West Company. On one occasion they took jirisouer the pv' -i] officer of the North- West Company, J. C. McTavish. ]ii/ Mr. De Co.vnot : 23.J. Where was that ? — Near Hudson's Bay, on one of the islands. 40 2;](). Wliat part of Hudson's Bay ?— St. James' Bay. 7?// Mr. Dp Cosino.i : 237. Who appointed the magistrates around the shores of James' Bay ?— The Hudson's Bay Company. Tlie chief factors of the company were already magistrates, c.r-q/fich, cuuler the charter, and they exercised all the powers of magistrates under the charter, in conformity, as near as the circumstances would permit, with the laws of England. 23iS. Hid the C/'anadian Government, so far as you are aware, ever appoint any magistrates or other officers of Canada to perform magisterial duties witiiin the territory, commencing at the northern and western boundaries of Quebec ; that is within, and west of a lino drawn from Teraiscaming to Jaraci' Ijay ? — My own imprcssiou was that the magistrates they appointed wore for that district lying 71 if a dozou Governors r*- • -In rin as lato as 1846, and in rik tlioro was ever any cor- i.'it they wore aware of any llie official uof having any Y — Not that I am aware of. 2iTitory to the height of rritory shouhl ho tlie shore -d of importance ? — There . The Charter says most Isou's Bay and Hudson's It says all sueli lauds not ise. ion of the land at Albany ' Utrecht. The Hudson's ritain ? — Certiin portions, oimtj'y were given up to lauy to that part of their 3 the shores of Hudson's ostabUshmeuts within the il companies at the time, > be tlio encroachments of officer of the North-^Vest yp— The Hudson's Bay 0, ;mder the charter, and near as the circimiscances oiut any magistrates or imeneing at the northern n from Temiscaming to re for that district lying ;j(i-2. Wit li rc'sp c1 tn the iiiiitti'V ol tlif nortliern and wi'sti-n Ixiuiidarics cf Diitario liiiving regard to the Uuebec Act of 1774, with wliicli, "i course, you arc :.f fauiil inr, WM uld vou tiLMiur tl\e Ciiiniiiittoe with your ojiiuimi as to what wo iuld lie the true uoi-thern and western boundaries nl' tliL-old Trovince li tiui'bec as constiti itcd b\- that Act •'—Yes. Tlie uoHhern ai .d western liouudaries— y/y Mr. irn'i/oii. mitteo. Anv iuforniatinu then •on, am of Ontario, had Al'I'K. IX OK Manitoba. Sec. II. Kvideiit'o f»ivi'ii lu'fore Cdininittee of House of i ' . , , , c ■ • Cnininous, tli'it ciui be furn'sluMl ou>jlit to be received, but we must ti.nu our own opinions Q,„ia,ia, Maroh, 1880. , • , . 1 1 1 • Kviilcnrc of intii all iiiatt'TS ciiiinec'tcd witlitlie liniuiaaries j^,,,, Mr. .rusticp Joliiisou. Tlie (luestion is whether this is proper ovideucu to be brouglit before the Coni- 1 not be guided by tlie (iiiiuious if wiliic; Jii/ the r/iiiiriiifni.—'nw ord'r of reference is tn enqiiii a L'ri •Tudge Johiiscm has been fiovernoi at ilcid to do with th(> (piestion. if the territerv covering the disjmted grnuiids, and has Ih/ Mr. l['A/o(/.— Facts, iuformatiou, an.l dociinents would be proper evidence, but we must fnriuoiir opini(/U from the facts presented and the documents subiu'tted. Ji>/ Mr. liuhimw.—The witness will, iin (buibt, state on what gromids his opinion is formed. Ti'/ Mr. /.'o/A^/.— I believe that indiscriminate opinions by every man on this subject should not be taken as evidence ; but the opinimis of certain men as to the cf.rrect meaning of certain Statutes are, I believe, very important, from their experience, learning, mid position. I believe what is called jmis- pruden'ce in our courts is nothing but the ojunion <>{ judges. It miglit be very proper to have the opinion of men of standing, such as the Hon. Justice Jolni.son, especially considering tliat he has long resided in the lied Eiver country and been long connected with the administration of justice there. With all due deference to the opinions of other members of the Committee, I believe we ought to have an expression of the opinion of the witness. Jii/ Mr. ()>i!mrf.—l think the technical objection of Mr. Weldon has smne force, but the question mio-ht lie put to the witness in a different way, so as to make it a proper question. The Statutes which we'shall have to consult, and from which we will have to form om- opinions, are well-known Statutes. They were passed a long while ago. It might be, and I think it is, of very great interest and importance, to tiiis Committee to know how these Statutes have been interpreted, and more especially how they have been interpreted by those who have administered justice in the North-We.st, and who, consequently, liave been in the liabit of looking at these Statutes, and have seen for themselves -iir /ct /inu-hov.- they ought to be interpreted. I think, in this respect. Judge Johnson's opinion woidd be of very great weight, and that it is very important to have it ; altliough the form in which the Chairman has put the question might be objectionable in a strictly techni ■;..i .-^ense. Jii/ fhr f7«»V«)ff».— Probably the Judge will inform us as to the way in which the Statute has hitherto been interpreted, and the way' in whicli it has been interpreted more especially as affecting the western and northern boimdaries of the old Prfivince of (iuebec. By Ml . Wchlon.—li we lay down the principle that some opinions ought to be given, I do not see exactly where we ought to draw the line. Bij fill' C/iniriin-ni.— What we want is information as to the way in which the matter was regarded at a period not very remote, and this infomiation we wish to elicit from the Judge. These questions were very much discussed at the time he was Governor, and at the time troops were being sent to the North- Wcst. If he could give us infonuation as to the opinions of covmsel and as to the \-iews held in respect to the northern and western boundaries as constituted by the Quebec Act, woidd not that be within the scope of the order of reference ?— I can give you evidence of the authoritative recognition of the District of Assiniboia by the Crown of England. I have always understood that the original Province of Quebec, as constituted by the Act of 1774, was boimded to the north by the southern boundary of the territory granted to the Hudson's Bay Company, and I have always understood that that southern boundary was the height of land sepai-ating the basin of Hudson's Bay from the chain of great lakes and the St. Law- rence, and constituting a water-shed on one side ai'd on the other. I have always understood that to be the case. I have further understood that when the Constitutional Act came to be passed in 1791, and the 10 20 30 40 Ari'KNiiix ok.Ma>, noiiA. S,T. 11. Eviilt'iicc f,'ivcll iM'fol'P Coinmittce of Htmsf 111' ComiiKins, Caiiiidii, Jlarch, 1880. EviiU'iii'o of Hun. .Mr. .histiiu Johnsun 10 2fl 30 40 B ii Provincos ilividod, it wiis judicially lu'l'l in tlio (Iclfcinliiinlt cnso 1>y Cliiof Justico Sowcll, tliiit nltlumgh that Act divided the Trovinces, it did uothiiif,' to iwlcud cither 'f thciu. I think fhiit i.s scll-cvidciit. ;i(t.'5. Was tho Colony of Assinihoia recognized hy the Iniiierial Cioverniuent, iiiid in what ^vay ? — The o.\istoneo dc f<(c(o of t!io Colony of Assiuiboia was ecrtaiidy rcoognized in ii variety of wav!<, iuid in Ihe nio.sl authoritative inanner hy the Crown of England in a series of Act.s that admit of no ilouht whatever. Tiiey sent the (ith Uegijnent there in lS4(i or 1SI7, nnder Colonel Crofton. They were sent hy orders of tho iJiike of Wellington to occnpy that place, so that in view of any trouhle in respect to the Oregon qnestion, they nn'ght he made nvaihihle on the other side i if Ihe inniuitain.s. However that was, they wore sent there. After that, when I was sworn in as (rovernor in I.Soo. after the retirement of Ciilonel Crofton and the troops, I made a demand for troops for the purpose of keeping order, and 1 gilt troops commanded hy ifajor 8eaton. They sent out a oonii>any of 1(H) men of the Ciinadian Kiiles, British troops in the pay of the Ik'itish Government, and they were (piartercd there some years. // Mr. Oillnirf ." ••',(14. You were sent there in IS.")-") as Covt-riior of Assinihoia? — Yes. Besides tho troops, the Crown of England sent out a nnniher of jiensionerA whom they ro-onrolled in a permanent f pensioner.-, were the.c with their families, while I was there a Governor. Some of them and their descendant.-, are si ill (here. JSut I foiuid a more i'mportant recognition accidentally yesterday evening on the part of the Kugli.-^h Crown, of the fact that the Colony of AsMuihoia was a cli omitted," and I find the paragraph is inserted in my handwriting." Then to verify ill looked at the opinion a,-; it i. puhlished hy authority in this couutiy, and contained in the h.iok entitled "Statutes, do.aunents and papers hearing on tho discussion respecting tho northern and western homidaries of the Trovhico of (Jntario, compiled hy direction of the Government of Ontario." I found that tl'io paragraph which was omitted in puhlication, prohahly f.n- som.5 party purpose, at (hat time, was this- [to bo fmmd on page '^OO of the hook referred to] " The company has, nnder tho charter, po;ver to make ordinances (which woidd he in the nature of bye-laws) for the government of the persons employed hy them, and also power to exercise jurisdiction in all matter.s civil and criminal ; but no ordinance would be valid that was contrary to the common law, nor could tho company insist .ni its right to administer iustiue us all'-c\i(l('iit. iivcriiiiu'ul, mil! in what M'(!i(gniztHl in a vnriofy '. in a sorios oi' Acts that '17, unilcr Odloiicl Crofton. hat in view of any tni'.ihlc tlicr siilo 111' thr innuntMiiis. riivrrnor in IS").!, aftrr flif IV till' {lufposc (if kpcjiiTig iIKiny nf 1(H) iniMi of tlio Ihcv wore (luarlpi't'il tlnTc side;? tho troops, the Crown rnnni'nt form, In whom tho '. That ■was done on tlio iTicrs wi'i'o lliri'i' with thoir re still lliorc. J5ut I ioiunl 111' Eng-lisli Crown, of the i( only knew of liut witli iiigati\(', Conrts of Justicf )ss thai wari in n'fi'rriTii,^ to iiriiiii;^^ llioni o\rr I founil lit (lay, tSir llioliard l^ctlu'l tlio opiuions wliich tlios his note; : " TiuTP is an all- ilwritin-." Tli(>n to vcrtfy and containod in tlii." hook llio nortlR'ni and wt'stern lont of Ontario. "' I found y- puijioKc^, at tliat timo, was nndt'v llio oliartcr, pow(.>r to >nv of thi> persons employed d ; but no ordinance wmdd on its riglit^ to iulminister ind Criminal Justice within :)Wii in England, statinj; it ahlisli Courts of Civil and ce with tin? pos.'-lhility of its islalive power.-! and a eonsti- ite C(HU't.s of ,Tu-1iee. Tliat (V)lony dc fiicto existed, that le continnplated tho exercise there h'rcsjiectivo of I'pper y line of Upper Canada P — •unning duo north, as it was Ai'ri'.suix laid down in tlie do Kcinhardt case, from tho conilucnco of tlie Mississippi and Ohio to tlie soiitlicrn „; jVa^IIoba. boundary of tlie Hudson liay Company's t(>rritory. ' liij Mr. Tvow : m7. Ts llie word due nortli used ■'—No ; the word nortliward is used, but that \v.x. Soc. II. KviilfiK'f been intcriavtcd Kivcn lulorc Ciiniimtteo ot by the most eminent Judge who ov..r lived in L.wer Cana.hi, Chief Justice SoWcU, to mean undoubtedly Uiiuso ,..;^^ north. ^'""'''''■ .Miii.li. 1880. ;J(IS. Wiiat do vou consider tho eastern boundary of .Vssiniboia?— 1 do not exactly renicinbcr at tliis u,',]'^" III/ Mr. J)i Cosmos 'iiat do you cor mimite. but I could easily verify it The .1 low Assiniboia was erect(_'(l is a lon,ii' story. Tl 20 luestiou as to how Asshiilioia was erect(_'(l is a lon.ti' siory. iiie I,",'','!,;,, Eai-lof Selkirk atVectcd to sunvnder oi did suiTcndcr, to the Hudson's Bay Cmip.any a large tract of K) country which is now comprised in the Stale of Minnesota ; no doubt of that. I'.ut the limits of Assunboia, while i was there, I do not now exactly renicndier. I could, however, verify it m a, moment liy my report, because when I was sent up as Commissioner in Is7i. or ISTI, to report upon the state ot the laws that existed previous to the e.slxblishmenl of Manitoba, I c.msidered that .piestion mvolv.,.(l, ,n . certam a,'„.,ec th. ..laaphlcal extent of the country; and although the title of the Hudson's ]5ay ('(unpany had boon admitted bv the su.Tcnder whi(^h was accepted of their title by the Crown of England ami by Canada still I had to report wiuit the laws were, an , n.y report I find that tho district of As.s.ml.o.a long after (ho Earl of Selkirk liad siuTcndered his riglils to tho Hudson's I'.ay Company, was constituted and defined by tho Board of Directors : :>.1() Vou sav that tlio surrender of ihe title of the Hudson's Bay Cmpauy to the (^o^^^, of England audio Canada, and its acoop1an,K. by them, established its validity. Have you opin^ions of harned couns(d as to the vnliditv <^r tlie Hudson's B.ay Company's cluirtev. and the extent of t.vnitory it ..ovored ?— There have been a series (.f opinions from tho earliest times, going hack to tlio day (d' Eord Mansfi(dd, then, ilr. IMurray, and coming down to the present day, wlii(di, with very little variation, have alwavs maintain.^d the right of the company to the soil, and to the territory ; but have not maintained witlM.inal cert.aintv (heir right to ex.^usivo trading privilege. I take it that tho Crown ..f England had tho same ri-ht to 'grant luud wh(>n it was granted by Kuig Charles, that tho Crown in Canada has to grant land now apart from oxclusivo trade privilege. Tt was in tho year 1S:}0, on tho I^'-th Miuvh, at a General c-uirt hold in th... Hudson's Bay House, London, that tho district of Assiniboia was erected and was declared « co-oxteusivo witli such portiims of the territory ilheso aro tho words of th(^ order) granted to the late Thomas, Earl of Selkirk, (m the IL'tli Jimo, ISll, as is now within the domains of Her Britannic Majesty " That is what constituted tho district of Assiniboia, and it so constituted ,/r,fiwto, whatever its' precise extent, it has certainly Leon recognised by a series of Acts 1^ tho British OovcTn- ment I may state more than that : I came down from the Btod Bivor country in tho fall of LSo.s. Mr. 4U Watldn was in this coimtry, and was associated with Sir Edmund Head in (connection with tho inter<3sts of the Hudson's Bay Company, or with respect to some proposition for establishhig a Government in that ten-itory by-and-hyc. It was felt it could no longer ho hold as a monopoly. I was, at the re(piest of tho Duke of Newcastle, called upon to draw up a report and make a recommendation as to tho form of Government which was desirable. This was in 186:?. I reported in favour of a Crown colony. I believe Sir Edmund Head did so tm. Most certainly the Duke of Newcastle recognised as a possible event that the Crown of England might make a Crown Colony of it. I believe it wasa mere accident that it was not done. At one time it was considered not only dosirahle, hut almost certain, that it would be made a Crown colony, which is perfectly at variance with its being part of Upper Canada. 30 74 ^''r Al'l'KMilX OF Manitoha. Sec. II. Eviilcnci' l?iveu iMiI'mi' Coniiuittci^ 01 llliU.sc 111' Ciiiiimoiia, Caiiiiilii, 1H80. Eviciflirc 111' Hull. Mr. .Tu.sticf JollIISDU. 10 20 30 40 :il 1. You hml a jn liiiiluiv cstiihlislifd tlim- for the trial of crimiiiiil <'ii>'tM y— Yes. Tlif validity of th<' ooiuimny's charter, in Unit rcspoft, lias ahviiy.'* Iii'on iickiio\vliMln;(.(l by tlw law oIIIcit.'^ of England. Thfv admiiiisti'ivd justiic tliiTc, ju'rliaiis in a ivady, Imt in a very cfHcicnt niiinncr ; and on ono occasion, I am liajipy to say not in my time, 1'ut in that of my iircdcucssor, an Tmliaii \ui tried for liis life. IIo wa.s found guilty hy a j\UT, condemned to he executed, anil was executed ju.st outside Fort Garry. '■',\-2. So that it was ,/,/. CiLsitids :— ■\\-\. I understood that the territory of Assinihoia was the same as that which had hcen granted to Lord Selkirk >— Partly so. .'ill. "\Yhat I desire to have is a description of those boundaries. — No ilouht what Lord Selkirk assumed to own, and the country be intended to settle, extended over a very great jiart of what is now Minnesota, and which before it became Minnesota, was the territory of Dakotah and Minnesota, now fonuiug t'wo States. JJ,'/ Mr. I)r Cti^iiioa : ;31-j. The iuteiTiatioual boundary fixes conclusively the fact that the territory of I'piier Canada cannot go further south ; hut what we want to know is, what documentary eviilence can be produced to show liow far the boiindary of Assinihoia went oast along the international boundary, or how far the boundary of Upper Canaila went west along the international boundary— I take it everythhig that was west of a due north line from the confluence of the Mississippi and Ohio was Assinihoia Y—I think so. lii/ the ClidinnjH : ;}1G. Or Iludsim's Bay Company's territory r*— Or lludson's Bay Territory, but Assinib.iia certainly used to bring .u criminals from some distance and try those criminals from limit ,lr hi lUricn; at the foot of Lake Winnipeg, and Winnipeg Iliver, just where the river runs into the lake. Bii Mr. Dv Cosmo.1 : .'U7. Are there anj- records of criminals having been brought in from the Lake of the Woods?— Not that I know of. ;US. Or east of the water-shed ?— Not that I know of. I know of no instance in which it was foimd necessary to do that. I do not know that the authority of Assinihoia woidd ]m\e been assmued. I tliiuk probably one of the Statutes vesting jurisdiction in tlic Brovinee of Lower and Upper Canada w(juld have been invoked. There were two Acts, and one of them woidd probably have been invoked ; but at all events, whichever was invoked, it was not considered Upper Canada, or it would not have been necessary to give jurisdiction to the Provinces. Hi/ Mr. Ouimrf : 319. How did Lord Selkirk come into the possession of that vast territory called Assinihoia, and how did it pass aftei-wai'ds into the hands of the Hudson's Bay Company ?— The old Canada Company, caUed the North-West Company, gave certain rights in the first instance; what they were I do not know, and I have never seen any instrument attesting them to Lord Sd^k, who brought out a number of Scotch and Shetland Island emigrants and settled them there. Bi/ Mr. Dc Cosiim : 1320. In other words it was merely a quit claim. Tliey surrendered theh- possessory rights ?— The North-West Company assumed to be trading there, and the Hudson's Bay Company said the country was theirs, and there was a battle fought at the Frog Plains between them, but the country eventually came back to the Hudson's Bay Company. Bi/ Mr. Rohinnon : • • i 321. The North-West Company always disputed that the Hudson's Bay Company had territorial rights, and maintained that they should confine themselves to the shores of lludson's Bay ?— I do not ■s y— Yus. Tlic validity of II' liiw olliri'is of Kiiglimd. iimiT ; luul oil oiKMicciisidii, wii' hind for lii» life, llo just outrtido Fort GaiTy. It was )/i' fiirlii a sopanito ire llian oiifi' tln' jMissiliility which liad lici'ii gniutod to o iliiulit what lioril Selkirk great jiart of wliat is now votah aud Miuuosota, uow .erritory of I'l'pi'r Canada idt'ucf cau bo iiroducod to .1 boundary, or how far the ake it everything that was Yssiniboia r* — I think so. ry, but A««iniboia certainly 'i>iit ill' ht liirivri; at the foot .ke. I ,ake of the Woods ?— Not -^ |£ <• tanco in which it was found ave lieou assiuncd. I tliiuk I Upper Canada w<;uld have D been invoked; but at all luld not have been necessary ,' called Assiniboia, and how )ld Canada Company, called y were I do not know, and I out a number of Scotch and ir possessory rights ? — The mpany said the country was lie country eventually came ,y Company had territorial Hudson's Bav ?— I do not know of any pretension r.f that kind. Tlie North-West Company took all tlioy could, and as fur traders they rather beat tlie Hudson's I'ny ('oni]iany. /?// Mr. (hiiiiii'l : >\'i'i. But wliat territorial riglits had Lord Selkirk, and wi ve tiieso temtorial rights recognizcil by the Crown of England I' — They were not recognized by the Crown of England, so far as I know, in Lord Selkirk's time, only after the establislniient by tlie ('omjiany of the colony there umler the chai-fer, because un(b'i- that charter tiiey had two distinct rights; they had not oidy the right of governing and ixereising jurisdiction over servants and emjiloyes, bu« another part of the charter distinctly recognized th(> possibility of a colony being established. liij Mr. Troir : ;.{2:l The allotments given by Lord Selkirk to settlers were recognized at all time afterwards, were they not 'r— Yes. 'J'he ]Iudsf)n's Bay Company always exercised the greatest good faith with respect to the land grants. What was called the land system was most imperfect, consisting of a book kefit by a clerk; but any representation made or fact ascertaincil was always at once recognized by the Hudson's Bay Company, and a sort of title given. The settlers always had their rights respected ; nolxjdy ever lost land they ocenpieil. B24. These settlements were confined to the Bed River bottom lands as a rule ?— Yes. •2-\'). They did not extend to any districts outside':'— Originally they were settled for twenty miles on ths banks of tlu^ lied River between Lower Fort Garry and Upper Fort Garry. The Kildonan settle- ment was an offshoot from the old settlement. Ji// Mr. Itojinl : a26. Did Lord Selkirk get any charter from any power ?— Lord Selkirk was an usurper. lie wanted to do good to some of his Scotch countrymen, and to exclude the North-West Company, if he coidd, from that country, lie was a very energetic man ; but fi'om the moment Assiniboia was established as a colony the British Government dealt with it as a colony, and as a separate thing aUogcther from Uj.per Canada. lill Mr. Oiiiiiirf : 327. Wlven was it established as a colony ':-— In ISD!). That is to say, that dr/acfo it existed before then; but on the 13th March, 183i», this governing power, the Hudson's Bay Company, made laws for that place. Wifiirns handed in papers and documents to accompany his evidence. Examination continued : — Jii/ Mr. Oiiinii't : 328. You have told us that after tiie (Ith Begiment was withdrawn by the English Government, pensioners were left there with the understanding that the Hudson's Bay Company would give them lands to settle upon, and also on the condition that they would serve in case of emergency ?— Yes ; that was the arrangement made between the English War Office and the Hudson's Bay Company. They continued t« ilraw their pay, the Hudson's Bay Company being the agents of the War OfHce for that piu^wse, Col. Caldwell and Captain Hill being the officers of the pensioners there. They were regidarly paid for years, and called out annually for drill. They had a unifonn, and were to all intents and purposes a military force employed by the Cro^vn of England. 32!). AVere lands given to them according to agi ■ n^nt P — Yes. 330. In what portion of the settlement ?— Generally up the Assiniboine, from Fort Garry up as far as where Biuke's used to be, roiuid the bend of the Assiniboine. Some of their descendants now hold those lands. 331. This, according to your judgment, would show that the Cro-wn recognized that the Hudson's Bay Company had the right to dispose of the land ; that they had possession of the land and the right to dispose of it ':'— No doubt of it. No English lawyer has ever given an opinion that the grant was invalid as regards the land. In the very early days of the controversy, there were some gentlemen who were of the opinion that the extent of the territory granted meant ouiy the immediate shores of Hudson's Bay. Ai'i'Ksntx OK .MaNIToUA] .Sue. !I. Kvicli'in'u Hiviii licl'oro (,'ssaril,v he thi< jioints to which they oould pen.-trate by these rivers; that is to say, tho hcif,'ht of lanil. That deed existed. Wlien flie Art of 1771 ciiine to lit. jirisHed, tluit detMl wmh reco;;iiiy.('(l ; and it is stated tlicre that flicir southern lioimdary should ho the iioH hern lioundnry nf tho I'roviiK f (iuohee; and when tho Provineo was divided nothinj,' was said aboiit it at all. Nothing was added to Upper Canada, only it ^»»s divided from Lower ('anada. Jii/ Mr. Trnir : 'M2. Are you of o])inion that tho Hudson's B.iy Company's Charter gave them an absolute right to tho soil, or gave them rif,'hl8 merely for trading purposes Y—I beliovo it gavi^ them an ab.soluto right to the .soil. //// Mr. lioliiitiinii : 6:y.i. What was tlie opinion of Sir Arthur I'igott, Sergeant Sjiankey nnd Lord ISrougliam:''— Thero were .some early ojiinionH of eounsel, and Lord Jirougham's was one of them, that the title was circiun- scribed with respeet to tho rights of discovery, and limited I., the immediate shores of tho Hay. I know such opinions were given. ;5;i4. Did those opinions not tf)uch tho territorial rights of tho Company l*— I don't remember at this moment ; but the opinions are all printed. Jli/ Mr. Oil i met : 3:i'>. (>)uld you find tho agreement between the War OfKee nnd tiie Iludson's Bay authorities about those pensioners and tlieir being given land to settle upon by tho Hudson's Bay Company P— You wll find ill the archives at Fort (inrry those jiooploV titles to those lands. As to tho dispatclies which jinssed between the War Oflice and tlio Hudson's Bay Com[)any, they are to be found m London. 336. Tho lands were given as an indueement to send out the military l*— The English Govornraont said : " W(> will send out soldiers and pay thorn, but in order to ameliorate their lot, you nnist give thom grants of land." Jli/ Mr. Ih Cosiiw.t : :{:57. Are you aware whether there is any deed of sun-ender in existence betw(>en Lord Selkirk and his heirs nnd tlie Hudson's Bay Company?—! am not aware of thai. There must have been something, I take it. •i-i8. Are you aware whether there is any deed passing the rights of tlio North- West Company to Lord Selkirk ? — I am not. JJ// the Chnirmitn : 339. Ai-e you aware whether, subsequent to tho Treaty of Utrecht, when the French, by that treaty, restored all their possessions on the Bay to the English, whether the Hudson's Bay Company were ever afterwards distm'bed in ])ossession on tho immediate confines of the Bay ?— As a matter of curious history, I do not know whether it can bo exactly ascertained or not. I have known a great many old people in that country, full of traditions, one of which is that tho Hudson's Bay Company had establishments on the Albany Eiver at a very early period. 340. I speak of tlie mere confines of the Bay F— I have never heard that the French had really any establishments there after tho Treaty of Utrecht. 34L Not subsequent to the Treaty of Utrecht ?— They had before they took tho forts in 1686. 342. The object of my question is this : there is, on that map on the wall and all tho maps of tho time, a line called the boundary lino of Audson's Bay. In the instructions to (lovornors from 1791 to LS3,S, in d>-s<:ribing tho dividing lino, they say a lino (kawu due north from the head of Lake Tomis- earning to the boimdary lino of Hudson's Bay; subsequent to LS3S tho wording of the Commissions ran " to the shore of Hudson's Bay." Was that boundary lino of Hudson's Bay held to bo identical with the heiglit of land or tho shore P— I have always considered it to be the height of land. 343. The country of the Illinois, was it considered a part of Canada at tho time of the cession, or was it considered a part of Louisiana ?- This is a subject which is rather nebulous in my mind. I extent of their nenupation lilt is to my, the height mmI was rec(iH^iii/(>(l ; mid t' tile I'rnviiii'e (if Uneheo; iug was mlih'd to ITpper hem iui (ihnoluto riglit to leiu iin filisohite right to 4i)Yd IJrouglinni i' — Thero mt tiio titkt was oirciim- •os (if tlio Hay. I know I don't ronienihcr at this n's Bay autlioritios about onipany? — You will find ilisjiatehes wliieh passed London, 'ho English Oovernmont lot, you must give them ) between Lord Selkirk There must have been 3 Nortli-West Company )n tho Freneh, by that ludson's Bay Company Bay ? — As a matter of I liavo known a great Hudson's Bay Company B French had really any tho forts in 1686. md all the maps of the rovernors from 1791 to 3 head of Lake Temis- ng of tho Commissions iay held to be identical ht of land. time of the cession, or )ulous in my mind. I i have always hud iiii idea tliat the Illinois enuntry was a sort of offshoot or territory at nil, but I would it was something i f Louisiana in ..'V.'.'.'I.''!! OK .MAMI'IiIIA. timet I dn it know that it derecl rt of Ci da not Lv recolliMtiou lias lieen Kviilniro JjiVl'll lil'I'llI'd Ciiiiiiiiitti'u ol' II. m>.' "f C'"iniii"nH, C'lllllKllt, .M.i.ji, ISSO. Kviiliiiio i)f ancient profess to give a reliablo opinion on tlie siiliject apart from (Juiiada. Ill/ Mr. J)i' Cnshins : ■m. That is, Fiviicli ( 'anada f— Yes. //// Mr. Trim : ;;4''. I eonsidiT Judge Johnson to say th.it the lolony of Assiniboia was acknowledged iiy tlie British ll"ii. Mr. • 1 1 !• • C .lUstl.c (lovoi-nment, but I do not see that that gives us mueli information respecting the northern limits ol ,|m1,iii..ii. Quebec or ('iinada Y — No ; merely with resjiect to the nortiiern boundary. M .'M'i. You have not given us tho western limits, becau.-e you have not told us how far east that colony was acknowledged to extend ^ — It was always lousideivd to extend to the boundary of I'ppcr (Junada im tho south and south-east, namely, tho iieight of land. ;J47. Were any settlements made on Rainy River or Lake of the Woods f— You cannot call them scttlcmpTits. I have known eccentric individuals who sctth^d there, one of whom was a Mr. McLcod, but there were no settlements of any importance. About the Rat i' Statute. .'i.JO. But these instructions must have been bastxl on the Statutes f — Y"es. ;i51. Therefore they could not in any way extend or diminish the tereitory of tho Province of tiuebeu i* — Clearly not. ;Ju2. Y'ou spoke, some time ago, of the opinions of Lord Brougham ; I see the Cavendish papers ;}0 are often quoted in these volumes. Do you consider them very valuable as an authority on the matter we are considering 'r*— Lord Brougham was asked by the adversaries of the Hudson's Bay Company to give an opinion ; it is pubUshed in the volumes before us. Tho CavencUsh papers were published in 1839, 65 years after the debates of 1774, and were never considered to h; of any importance, but rather hazy. They woidd have the authority of my report, if published at the time, subject to contradiction or correction by people who could contrailict or correct them. But when published 65 years afterwards, when the people who could contrailict or coiTect them were dead, they could not possess any value. They were looked upon as the gossipy i.roduction of an old gentleman, who was not very eminent, Mr. Henry Cavendish, afterwards Sir Henry Caventlish. Bi/ Mr. Itohimon : 353. Still they agree very much with the letter of Mr. Burke to his then constituents in York Stater'— The imp .• -on of Cavendish was e\'idently that it was intended to go to the Mississippi, but I believe it is con. dored a mistake. By ihc Cliairmon : 354. Is there anything about the Mississippi in tho Cavendish papers ?— I have not seen them for years. I remember when they appeared, 1 was young at the time ; the people looked for them as if they were going to throw light on a mmiber of things, but they did not throw aixy light that I know of. 40 7« 'lilt Arvr.suix or M.VN.'iiiiiA H,.. II. Bvifh'lli'C kIvi'Ii lll'foill Oiiii.iiiittii.Mir llnllsr .it C'lllllllllllH, Miircli. 19S0, Kvi.i.'ii r lion. Ml. .flHtii'M ■IllllllHDII //// Mr. Unfiiiinnii : :j.5/j. You «jmki« of tl).> ry lately. I had rioposion to look at if ill ri't'iToiici' fo ocriirryiui's rif iimiiy vi'MI'h iif,'ip. .■|.;«i. You mi'iitioiKxl it as m.ftliiijf fh.' Vowu offlcors in Kngland that 10 till! dociHion \vnn not justified Y — I do not know; I forget wlint the verdii^t wan. Mr. Cxroii :—Ui' wns found puilty, Imt his uhm'i wn.s submitted to the IVivy CouueilJ'— Ho was pnrdonud. Tr//;/c.M, continuing :— Til.' line of det'enee tak<'ii hy Htunrt nnd V'.iUieie wns that this raurdor, having been eonimitted nt the Dnlles on the Winning Uiver. wns ronimittod in ITpper Onnadn. Thoy failed to estnblish flint. The e.nirt wns dend against tlieni; no doubt about that. Cliief Justice Sewell. who tried the ensc, is looked ujioii ns the gveaf(>st luminary of the Inw wo ;cr hnd in T.nwer Oannda. It may almost be .said that he inndo our laws. Hi/ Mr. lioliiiinnti : .3rj9. I see thnt Sir (leoige Carter in a despnteh whieh ho sent to the ICnglisJi in IHOO, wlien 20 he was n.s.soeinfed with "Sh: JI.Dougall. .styled (he Hudson's Hay Company, touching the territory which they elaimed from T^ake Superior to Winnipeg, as squatters h— That was with the view of getting the title as elioaply a.s ho could. 300. He gave his reasons f— He wns treating with them and was pre]iared to give them moncv .£.'300,000. Of course he wanted to cheapi.ji their title as much as he could. I do not want to say that, hi giving that opinion, he was not quite sincere. The vivw he and Mr. MeDougall took was prop(nmde(l with a great wns tlint this munlpr, I ill TT^ppcr Cnnndfi. Tlioy iliout flint. Chief Justico Inw wo .'er Imd in Lowor ho Enplisli in ISOO, whon iiy, toiichinfT tlu» territory Imt was with tho view of Kirod to give thoni money 1 do not want to say that, lugall took wii» iiroiioundi'd J tlic territory. xny torritoviid jurisdiction novor gave luysuif niuuh f troops : did you niako it it to tlio Hudson's Bay fli.sh G-ovorumuut, and tho ay of Xolsou llivor up to nd Baillio-borougli, ono of Ih' Most llouoiirablo Order . Michael and 8t. George, the Great Seal of Canada, y and investigate, enquire, tully in force in Manitoba, of Courts, the number and All'KNtlll 111' .MiNii'im* I w; mode of nippoliilmmt of ,Iiistir,.s .,| tlie I'nu e. iiiid I'olire iinniigementK, logetli.T witli a iiiemix einiiloy.'d for tho ndniiiiiHtnitioii of .Iii-ti( e tlnnunder, and llie tiieris»ire» adopted for keeping fiu' peace. :trd. To IriMiMiiit copies ,, flaws, in>titutioiis. ordinnmes. or reguliiti"ns liaving tlie force or elleet of J;'J,|''; 'l',;!',.,,^^ law 111" to tlie date iilore^aid, wlielber niade li\ tlie llml-.. iiV liav > '..nipaiiy or by any other lawfuly (.•.Fimnitt.oof conntituted autliority on that behalf. Cimiuoih, Mil. To ivpoH what measures it might be expedient to a.b.pt for the intro.lii> lion into the rroviiiee *\,';j,'|'|I''',^<,0, of Manitoba of tlie ^yhteiii '>i ciiininal law and i liniiiial pioecdure now in fon e in tin- otluT I'rovinees ['•' ''''''^'* "' uf the dominion of ('unnda. .lnHiiin ."itb. To iiiako .-.iiiiilar iiapilry and lepuit »vilh iv>pe(t to the Nortli-West Tenitorieft, Miggestilig ■•""•""'• such aineiidnients a.s I might judge prnpiT to tacililat.' the admiiiisliatioii of civil as well as ci-imiiml 10 ju.stice in tho.si' icrritoiies. These t.c\end subjects will now lie iioticid Trinliiii : Till' Sl,il<- (if llir I.iiiiH ill FiiiTi- in Mtiiiili'liii ii/i III thr Villi 11/ J III II, iHTd. King Cbnilis the Second, in the year one thouwuid ,-i.\ iiuiulied and .-lev.iity, granted to tho Hudson's I'lay ( 'ompany, uiaba- the name of the (lov.rn.ir and Company of Adveiitiuer.s of Hiiglaiid trading into lluds-ary for the purpose of this i-poit to describe. The t'liaitcr onlaiiied, amongst other things, that the ton-itory granted to tlie Company wns to bo reckoned (me of His Majesty's plantations or Colonies in America, and called Uupert's Land, nnd that the (Nmipany were to be the absolute lords ].roprietors of the .xame for ever. Wi'h rcsiiect to v() the jiower of making laws, the language used in the Charter seems to contemplate, in tic lirst instance, merely the power (d' making and enforcing such regidations and imposing such pemdties and puui.sh- ments not repiiiit 1" the Laws of Kngland, as the Comjiany might deem neces.sary for tlie good govenimcnl of the temtory in resjiect to their own olticers and servants and the jnotection of their trade. These jiowers are ccmfeiTed in tho foUowing words of the Charter: — "And fiuther we (h), by thcso presents for us, our h'l- and successors, make, create, and " constitute the said Governor and Company for the time being, and their successors the true and " absolute Lords and pnipricton- of the ,«ame territory, limits nml places aforesaid, and of all other tho "premises, saving always the faith, allegiance and Sovereign dominion duo to us, our liciis ami " successors, for the same to have, hold, possess and enjoy the .-aid territory, limits and ]ilaces, ami all ;(() "ond singular other the premises hereby granted, as aforesaid, with their and every (d' their rights, "members, jurisdictions, prerogatives, royalties and appurtenances whatsoever, to them tho said "Govemor and Company and their successors for ever, to be holden of us om- heirs and successors, as of "om- Manor of East Greenwich, in our County iTitori,.s mid lands .ifomsnid niid in any of thoir voyngos ; and for the better advancement "and oontiauaniiL' of tlio said trade or tnillii' and plantations, and the same laws, constitutions, " orders and ordinances so made, to i)ut in use and oxocuto accordingly, and at their jdi-asure to revoke " and al' _'r the same or any of them as tlie occasion shall roquii'c, and that the said (Governor and " C/ompany, so often as they shall make, ordain or establisli any sucli laws, constitutions, orders and " ordinances in .sucli form, as aforesaid, shall and may lawfully imi)ose, ordain, limit and provide such " [lains, jjunishments, and penalties upon all ollenders contrary to sueli laws, constitutions, orders and " ordinances, or any i)art of them as to the said Governor and Company, for the time being or the greater " part of tiiem then and there being jiresent, the said Governor or his Deputy being always one, shall " seem necessary, rccpiisite or convenient for the observation of the same laws, con.stitutions, orders and " ordinances, and the same fines and amerciaments shall and may bo by their officers and servants from " tmie to time to be appointed for that puri.ose, levy, take, and have to the use .jf the said Governor and " Company and their successors without the impediment of us, our heirs, or successors, or of any of the " officers or ministers of us, our heirs, or successors, and without any account therofdio to us, om' lu'irs, " or successors, to be made ; all and singular which laws, constitutions, orders and ordinances, so, as " aforesaid, to be made, we will to be duly observed, and kept under the i)ains and penalties therein to be " contained, so, always, as tlie said laws, constitutions, orders and ordinance, fines and amerciaments, be " reasonable and not contrary or repugnant, but as near as may bo agreeable to the Laws, Statutes', or " Customs of this our llealm." The powers and privileges granted with such amplitude of expression, seem, nevertlieless, to apply more i)articularly to the government of tiie Company's officers and servants, as far as one object only of the Ciiarter was eonceruod, viz., that of osteusiou of trade, and the regulations necessary for carrying it on at forts, factories and otlier places, who:,> a large number of j)ersons of different rank in the service were employed. Accordingly, in a subsequent part of the instrument, as if in contemplation of a future when, as a natm-al consecpienco of tlio establishment of forts and factories, and the employment of numerous officers and servants, settlements slioidd come to bo formed, as well as persons who had ceased to be in tlie servicti, as of their descendants and other jiowers to l(>gislate an(.l to administer justice, civil and criminal, as regards all other persons living within the territories, are expressly conferred in the following terms : " And further of om- special grace, certain knowledge and mere moti(jn, we do for us, " oiu' lieirs and successors, grant to and with the said Government and Company of Adventurers of " England trading into Hudson's Bay, that all lauds, islands, territories, plantations, iovts, fortifications, " factories or colonies where the said Company's factories and trade are or shall be within any of the " forts, or places afore limited, shall be humediately from henceforth under the power and command " of the said (Jovenior and Coiupany, their successors aud assigns, saving the faith and allogianoo due to be " performed to us, our heirs and successors, as aforesaid ; and that the said Governor and Company shall " have liberty, fidl jiower, and authority to appoint and establish Governors and all other oifioers to govern " them, and that the Governor aud the Council of the several and respective places where the said Company " shall have plantations, forts, factories, colonies, or places of trade within any of the comitrios, lands, or "ten-itories hereby granted, may have j.ower t-j judge all pei-sons belonging to the said Governor, " and Company, or that shall live luider them, in all causes, whether civil or criminal, mxordiiuj to tlw "/««•*• of thk Kingdom, nml to cxiviitt' Ju.-^tici' acrordiiKj/i/ ; and in case any crime or misdemeanoiu' " shall becommilied in any of the said Company's plantati(ms, forts, factories, or places of trade witliin the " limits aforesaid, where judical lu'c cannot be executed for want of a Governor and Council there, then in " such case it shall and may be lawfid for the Chief Factor of that place, and bis Council to transmit the " party, together with the offence, to such other plantation, factory or fort where there shall be a " Governor aud Council, where justice may bo executed, or into the Kingdom of England, as shall " bo thought most convenient, there to receive such puuisliment as the uatiu'c of his offence shall " doservo." I assume that what is requiredof mo in this report, is a atatoment of the laws aud institutions dt fado ^W»« 8i for tho better ndvancoinent same laws, constitutions, at tiioir plcasiin' to revoke lat the said Governor and .s, coiiwtitiitii)us, orders and in, limit and provide such I, oonslitutiona, orders and e time being or tlie greater y being always on(», shall s, conslitutions, orders and officers and servants from 10 of the said Governor and lueeessors, or of any of tlie tlu'reforo to us, our lieirs, ders and ordinances, bO, as and i)enaltics tlioreiu to be lUu'H and amerciaments, be e to the Laws, Statutes, or L>ni, nevertheless, to apjily ,s far as one object only uus necessary for carrying' [ferent rank in the service contemplation of a future I and the emi)loyment of as persons wlio had ceased to administer justice, civil jxpressly conferred in the ere motion, wo do for us, mpauy of Advent ui-ers of ations, forts, fortifications, ill be within any of the the power and command :h and allegiance due to be vernor and Company shall all other ofHoers to govern ;s where the said Company of tho countries, lands, or ag to the said Governor, r eruninal, arconUtig to ilw y crime or misdemeanour r places of trade witliin the and Couni'il there, then in is Council to transmit the t where there shall be a lorn of England, as shall tm'e of his offence shall t's and institution,? de farh V existing and administered up to tlie LJtli of July, 1870. I therefore purposely abstain from olfenng any remarks upon a .luestion which, but for recent events, woul.l have been one of great interest and importance, that is to say, the ciuestion of the gcograi.hical limits and extents of llupert's Land, witliin wlii(;htlie rights and powers of the Hudson's Bay Comi>any were to be exercised. That question, depencUng as it did up..n hi.slorieal facts, treaties and Statutes, for tlu^ determination of what extent of country was occupied by tlie subjects of the Iving of France at the time the Charter of Charles the Scond was granteu, and also upon the elfect of the Acts of rarllament of 1771 and Li)l, in fixing the boundaries of Canada, was one of great importance in its time, but is not embraced in the objects of this commission. Whatever interest niav fornierlv have attached to that .picstion, has, of coui'se, been superseded l.y the recent public acts of the Executive, both in England and in Canada, and by the authority of Lnperial and Canadian legislation. , . , c It is -nacted in tlie •Jnd section of the llupert's Land Act (Imperial), 1803, that for the pm-pose of that Act " the term llupert's Land shall include the whole of the lan.l and territories held or clauued to be held by the said Governor and Company ;" and the 5th section provides that " nntil otherwise enacted bv the Parliament of C^anada, all the powers, authority, and jurisdictl,m of the several eomis of justice now established in Kupert's Land, and of the several olHcers thereof, and of all magistrates and ol.iccrs thereof, and of all magistrates and justices now acting within the said limits shaU continue in force and effect therein." . , , ,, . . , The Act of the Canadian rarliament, 32 and :3;{ Vie., e. 3 (18G!»), provides that all existing laws are to remain in force u.uil otherwise ordered by the Lieutenant-Governor under the authority of that Act ; and public ofhcers and functionaries are to retain their offices and continue to exercise their fiuictions. The Statute of tho Canadian rarliament to amend and continue the last mentioned Act, aial to establish and provide for the Government of the rrovince of Manitoba, creates a Province consisJ^in- of the greater part of the former district of Assinibonia, the principal settlement or colony under the Govern- nient of the Hudson's '^ " Company in that pai-t of tho country, and which the opponents of their rights had formerly niaintaiiu...o be whhin the limits of Canada; and, finally, the Parliament of Canada and Local I'arliament of the Province of Manitoba have part of them, in various statutory enactments, recognised and continued throughout the entire Provmce the authority of the laws passed by the Governor and Coimcil of Assinlboia, and of the coiu'ts of justice formerly existing in that district under their authority. . , Without therefore, expressing any opinion upon the merits of a former controversy, it seems clear that at the present time the D..minion of Canada has established the Province of Manitoba upon the recognition of tho Company's title which is involved in the siuTender to th.. Crown of the whole territory that was occupied by them, and which was the basis of the Order in Council of Her Majesty admitting the country into the Union or Dominion of Canada. „. , IW lloyal Charter, then, llupert's Land was constituted one of her Majesty s colonies, or plantations in America, and by the words of the Charter above quoted, power was given to the Company to administer Justice civil and criminal, according to thr hus of this Kingdom. Even if the Charter had been silent on this subject, there is no doubt that in the case of an English Colony of this kind, 08 contnulistinguished from colonies acquii-ed by the conquest, cession, or descent, the English laws, so tor 08 they lu-e appli.'abie to the eontlition of an infant settlement, are ipso facto in force, for the reason that there can at first be no existing law to contest the superiority. (1) . „ .• „ Under the authoritv of the Chiuter (2) also, the Uudflon's Bay Company, from the time thy reacquired that portion ^f the country from the Earl of Selkirk ( ) to whom they had mode o grant of it in 1811, made some regulations suited to the state of the country thi-ough a Governor ana ArrE.vnix OF Mamtoh.v. Hi'C. II. Ks'iiloiH'c ;,'ivuU lil'I'lU'C' CipinniittL'O 111' HlillSl" uf Coliilliulis, C^iiiailH, Maivh, 1880. Va Ulence uf Ih.ii. Mr. .liislioi' Joliiisuii. 10 20 30 40 (1) Clark's, Col. Law— Burgo's, Col, ami Foreign Law., i'i) CliarttT. Huil»«ii'a I'av Coiupauy. IP '« ■! Appendix ofManitoija, S-2 Stc. II. Kviilenco Kivcii lii'foro Coiiniiittee of House of CoiiimoiiH, Caiiiula, JIfircli, 188-1. £vi^0'i). They were then re[>(>aled, but no o':her regulations on these subjects were made. From the lltli of April, 1^*02, up to the loth July, 1S7U, petty jurors were summoned under the assumed authority of the olil law, or under the common law of England, as understood to prevail, and there never was in the laws of Assiniboia any law whatever respecting grand jurors, their (puditieation or the mode of making tlie list. (1) In tile year ISO? tho British North America Act w us passed by tile Im[>erial rarliament, which so far affeeteil the laws in force in that part of the territory which is now the rrovincc of Manitoba, that amongst other things it made provision for the eventual admission into the Union of oHier parts of British America besides ("anada, Nova Scotia, and New Brunswick, and in the execution of that purpose the Ruiiert's Laud Act «. i IHU.S (Imperial), was enacted, and in express terms continued in full force and eifect " until otherwise enacted by tlie Parliament of Canada, all the powers, authorities and jurisdiction of the several t'ourtsof Justice now established in Rupert's Land, and of the .several officers thereof, and of all Magistrates and Justices now acting withhi the said limits." The Parliament of Canada, on the 22nd June, 18Gi), enacted the Statute '42 and -V^ Vie., e. .'5, for the temporary Government of Rupert's Land and the Nortl-.-West Territory when united with Canada, which contained similar provisions, recognizing and continuing established institutions and existing offices. Be- sides the general body of law existing, as above described, up to loth July, 1870, some Imperial legisla- tion from time to time took place, which though it can hardly be said to have had any practical effect in the country now constituthig Manitoba, nevertheless extended to it. This le"-islation is comprised (180:5) in the Imperial Statutes 4Urd Goo. III.,c. 1:38, the 1st and 2nd Geo. IV., c. GO (1821) and the 22nd and 2-'}rd Vic. c. 20,18.59. The first of these Statutes enacted that all olfences committed within any of the Indian territories, or iiai'ts of America not within the limits of either of the Pro\inces of Upper or Lower Canada, or of any Civil Government of the United States of America, shall be, and be deemed to be olfunces of the same nature and shall be tried in the same manner, and subject to the same punishment, as if the same had been committed within the Provinces of Lower or Upper Canada. It also gave power to the Government of tlie then Governor of the then Province of Lower Canada to appoint persons to act as Justices for the Indian territories for the purpijso merely of hearing and committing for trial in Lower Canada, whereof the Governor, if the circumstances of the ease made it more convenient to have the trial in Upper Canada, coidd send the offender to that Province, and by instrument under the Seal of the Province of Lower Canada, cause him to be tried in the Upper Province. The second Statute (1st and 2nd Geo. IV., c. 00), enacted that the Act of the 4;ird of Geo. III. should be extended to, and bo in full force in and through all the territories of tho Hudson's Bay Company. Sec. '). It further gave jiu-isdiction in civil cases in these territories to the Com-ts of Upper Canada. Ai'i'i:.si>i\ OP .Manitoba .Sw. II. Kviilunci; tfiviMi lirfoif Coniiiiittec of House of Cnninions, Cannula, .Maivli, 1880. ICviileiii'e of Hon. Mr. Justice .lolinson. 10 20 30 40 n) Tlie Supreme Court Bill of the Manitoba Parliament lias supplied tlioir ileticieucies, and empoweied tlie Oeneial guarterly rt to excirise at its usual sittiiig.s tlic authority of the Supreiuu Court, until a Chief Justice shall be appointed by the Uovernment Coui of Canada. 12 H4 API'KNDIX t'FilANITOUA. Sfu. II. Eviili'iioo given l)ft'oro Coniiiiittee of House of Commons, Canaila, Jlarch, 1880. Evidence of Hon. Mr. Justioe Jolinson. 10 20 30 Sec. C. It also conferred jiower on the Govennnent of Lower Canada to name ComnuBsioners in the Territories for the execution of the processes of the (Canadian Courts. Sec. 10. It gave i.nwer to the Crown to appoint Justices of tlie Peace in these territories on special terms, iuchiding tlio Territories granted lo llie Hudson's Bay Company, witli jiower to sucli Justices to take evidence in the coimtry, to be used in the Com'ts in Upper Canada. Sec. 11. It gave fiullier power to the Crown to issue commissions under the Great Seal, empowering Justices to hold Courts of liecord for the trial of criminal offences and misdemeanom's, and also of civil cases, notwithstanding anything contained in the Hudson's Bay Company's Charter. Sec. 12. Such Com-ts as to the number of justices, and as to the times and places of holding them, either within or beyond the territories of the (-'ompany, were to be constituted as His Majesty shoidd direct, but their power was nor to extend to the trial of capital oifences, nor to civil actions wherein the amount in issue exceeded two Inmdred pounds. Sec. 14. By the last section, all the rights, pri\-ileges, authorities and jimsdictions which the Hudson's Bay Company could b}- law claim and exercise under their Charter were to remain in as full force, virtue and effect as if the Act had never been made. The third, in this series of Imperial Statutes, is Ihe 22nd and 2;Jrd Vict., c. 20. This Act recites the nain provision of the 4;5rd Geo. III., and of the 1st and 2nd Geo. IV., and empowers the Crown either by conmiissions apjiointing justices und(>r the latter Statute, or by sribsequent commission, or by Order in Council, to authorize such Justices to try in a summary way all crimes, mis- demeanoiu's, and offences whatsoever, and to punish by fine or imprisonment, or both. In cases punishable by death, or in which, in the Justice's opinion, fine and imjirisonment were inadequate to the offence, tliey might eitli try tlie offender in the ordinary way, or send him to Upper Canada, to be tried there under the Act of Geo. IV., or if tliey saw fit, to British Columbia, to be tried by any Court having cognizance of a like offence connnitted there. Tliis last mentioned Act, however, in the final section is declared not to extend to the territories granted to the Hudson's Bay Comjiany. The reason of this oxcepti(jn is apparent in the preamble of the Statute which recite.s, that although the Ads of ISO;; and of 1S21 had becTi passed, the Crown liud never given effect to those laws, No Justices had been appointed, and no Courts of Hecord established by the Cro^^^l, nor had the Governor of Lower Canada ever appointed any Commissioners to execute the processes of the Canadian Comts, and therefore it became necessary to make provision for tlie Indian territories that were nf)t included in the limits of the Charter, leaving to the courts established by the Hudson's Bay (Company in their tenitories the authority and jui-isdiction that belongs to them. „ II. The mode of administering justice in the General Quarterly Coml has been indicated imder the preceding head of this report. It is proper, however, to observe that the uithority to administer justice luider the Charter was conferred ujxjn the Governor and his Comieil, and they, in their own persons, in the early history of the colony, admini.stered justice without the aid of a judicial officer. On the 12th of February, iS^Jo, it was resolved b}- the Governor and Council of Assiniboia: "That 40 a General Com-t of the Governor and Council shall be held at the Governor's residence on the last Thursday of every quarter, at which the Magistrates shall attend, where cases of a more serious natiu-e, cases of debt exceeding forty shillings, and all ajipeal cases from the decisions of Justices of the Peace, shall be examined into, such comi to be adjoiu-ned from day to day luitil all the cases in hand be disposed of ; and as a check on frivolous and vexatious litigation, that the prosecutor shall pay into Court a fee of three shillings before any warrant shall be issued, and in cases of appeal from the Justice of Peace Coui-t to the Court of the Governor and Council, a fee of five shillings be i)aid into Court by the appellant." uiic Commissioners in llie :he8e tovriton'es on sjiecial power to sueh Justices to e Great Seal, empowering idenieanoiu's, and also of s Charter. (1 places of holding them, 'd as IHs Majesty should ) civil actions wherein the etious which the Hudson's lain in as full force, virtue st and 2nd Geo. IV., and .Statute, or by subsequent lary way all crimes, niis- both. Ill cases punishable ^(juiite to the offence, they a, to be tried there under ' Court having cognizance nal section is declared not ason of this exception is of ISO;! and of 1S21 had I l)een appointed, and no anada ever appointed any e it became necessary to s of the Charter, leaving authority and jurisdiction been indicated undei' the e under tlie Charter was 1 the early history of the icil of Assiniboia : " That )r'8 residence on the last )f a more serious nature, of Justices of the Peace, ill tlio cases in hand be :utor shall pay into Court peal from the Justice of paid into Court by the Ho ^■'i ^ Al'PF.SIUX IIIIIIA. After the appointment of a Recorder [IS'-V,)), the administration of justice in the General Quarterly „;\,'^^^' Court practically devolved upon that otticer. ^^ , JJ" Although the provisions of the 1st and 2nd Geo. IV., c. (i(5, section 12, limited the jurisdiction of the Kvi'.lonio Coiu-ts to be created unilcr that statute, in criminal cases to non-capital oifences, and in civil cases to the '[■„,\^l,^lxn of amount of two hundred pounds, no such limit had ever been imposed upon the coiu-ts existing under the ^|||'_^^'|J|[^ Roval Charter, and thev exercised civil and triminal jurisdiction witliout any limitation as to tin? amount Cumin, demanded or the character of the with the limits of such section only, and in these, as in the General Court, either party to a suit might bo made a witness by the other. III. Copiva of Lnic-s ill Force up fo U)tli Jiilji, 1870. — To hc/iiniii/ird. Under this head I have the honoiu- to append to this report the documents numbered 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, -10 and 6. No. 1. Charter of Incorporation granted by King Charles II. to the Governor and Company of Adventurers of England trading into Hudson's Bay. 2nd May, 1870. No. 2. Statute of Imperial Pariiament (180:J), 4;3rd Geo. III. c. 138. ' ' No. 'I Statute of Imperial Parliament (1821), 1st and 2nd Geo. IV. c. 66. No. 4. Statute of Imperial Parliament (1859), 22nd and 23rd Vic. c. 26. 80 Ai'rr.sMix OKM VSilollA. Sii'. II. Kviill'llri' j;ivfii Ipcl'iiri' Coiiiinitti'i' lit' H.)lisi' (>r ColllllKIIIS, CullHllll, Maivli, 1880. Eviili'ii )! Hon. Mr. Jiistii'i' .loliiison. 10 20 No. •'). Extract from prnceotlings of a Oeiiornl ('oiirt lu'ld liy the OovcriKir and ('oiuiuittci' of tlio Hudson's 13ay t'oiinmiiy in Ijondon, l-'Uli ilarcli, l.H;{!). Xo. (J. Laws of the Grovcriior and ('oiuu'il of Assiniboini! as revised lltli Aiiril, ISIj^, and eoutinued afterwards to the latest session of that body. IV. Jlciisiirr.y c.rjii'ilinif for iiifroi/iirfioii info Pi'(iri/ic<' of' Minufohn of thr Criiiiiim/ Liiir in /orcr in the oilier Proriinrs of Ciniiido. On tht> 4th of January, l''^"!, I liad tlu> lionour to make a preliminary rc^iort under this head, of my commission, UTid to reooinmend, first, that the system of criminal law and criminal procedure existing throughout the rest of the Dominion, under the Statutes of Canada of 18(5!), should be extended with all coTivenient celerity to the IVovinee of Manitoba, to the extent, and witli the amendments which I then suggested, that is to sny, that tlio thirteen consecutive chapters of the Statutes of the Parliament of Canada of the .'5'2nd and •i'-Svi. Vict., from chapter 18 to chapter ;J() inclusively ; :2ndly, that the General Court now existing, and any Com-t that might be constitut(!d by the Local Legislature to supersede it, should be empowered to take cognizance of all criminal oifences committed either in the Pro^•ince of Manitoba or in an}- part of the North- West Territories ; ^irdly, that in the circumstances of this country, the right possessed by the Queen's subjects in the Pro\4nce of Quebec, speaking either the English or the French language, to elect to be tried by a jury composed one-half of persons speaking the language of the defence, should be extended to the inliabitants of Manitoba and the rest of the Territories. As these suggestions and amondnionts liave been adojited by the Parliament of Canada, since I had the honom- of making that report, it becomes unnecessary that I should now repeat the reasons of law and expediency upon which they were based. EviJenoe of Hon. .loliii Doiigl.%s Armour. Hon. JOHN DOTTGLAS ARAIOri{, Judge of Court of Queen's Bench, Ontario, Examined. tlio *'as 30 40 lit/ the Clii(irnif70«, 212. ..,,.. , ., , ,., " Maps, however, are but pictorial representations of supposed temtorial bmits, the evidence of which " must be sought for elsewhere. There may be cases, it is tme, where maps may be evidence ; when, for " instance, it has been specially provided that a particular map, such as Mitchell's map of North America, " shall be the basis of a convention, but it is to be regretted that maps of unsurveyed districts should 80 Arpispix o» MAsrniHA. Sec. II. Eviilciicn givuii lii'lViri' CoiiiTiiittee i>f HnUMO i)t" Coilllll"I19, Caiiailii, March, 1880. Eviilciii'o of Hull. .Io)in Ariuour. 10 20 88 ■ ever havo lieen introduced into diplomatic discussions, whoro limits conformalilo to convpuiont jiln-f-ioal ' outliups, such as lipad-lands or wator-oouTBes, are really sought for, and aro luideratood to he the subject 'of upgotiatiou. The pictorial featiu-es of a country which, in such cases, have heon frequently assumed ' as the hasis of the negotiation, have not unusually caused greater embarrassment to both thi» jiarties in ' the subspiiuent attempt to reconcile thom witli the natural filatures than the original question in (Hsimte, ' to which tlu'V were sui)posed to have furnished a solution. That the name of Nouvdle Frimco should ' have been applied by French authors and French maps to the country as for as the shores of the Pacific ' Ocean was as much to be expected as that the name of California should have boon extended by the ' Spaniards to tlio entire north-west coast of America, which we know to have been the fact, from the ' negotiations in the Novtka .Sound Controversy."— 7''/v'.v.v, Omjon, piujc 22^. " Tiiis is another very remarkable instance of the danger of referring even to the best maps, when ' ten-itorial limits aro to bo regulated by the ph.^sicnl features of a country. There must have been a ' monstrous error in Mitcliell's map, which the Spanish Commissioner had before him, if such a line could ' havo been drawn upon it from the som-ce of the Arkansas due west to tho source of the Multunarnah, 'the modern Willamette lliver."— J^/nv, Omjoii, piiijc 235. "The claim, however, to tho wostwardly extension of New France to the Tacific Ocean, requires some ' better evidence than tho maps of tlie French geographers. A map can furnish no proof fif territorial ' title ; it may illustrate a claim, but it cannot prove it. The proof must be derived from facts whidi the ' law of nations recognizes as founding a title of territory. Maps, as such, that is, where tliey have not ' hud a special character attached to tliem by treaties, merely represent the opininiin nf tho f/,'0(/rfi/>/irr.s who 'have ccmstructed them, wliich opinions aro frequently founded on fictitious or erroneous statements. An ' examination of the collection in the King's library at the Britisli Museum will remove all scepticism on 'this head. "—r»-m, (hrf/oii, pfKjr 'M6. Tni.ic iiY Discovi'.Kv. Great Britain alone, of all countries, was the oidy nation whose ships discovered the Bay and Straits of Hudson, or sailed into th ui, till after tho granting of tlie Charter. John Cabot, a Venetian liviiig in London, had three sons, Lewis, Sebastian, and Sandus, connnissioned by the King, Henry VIII. Set sail ]May, 1497, and 24th Juno, 1407, discovered Newfoundland and the coast of Labrador, and sailed thence about as far as Chesapeake Bay. Edward VI. made him Grand 30 Pilot of England in 154!), and pensioned him. Sir Martin Frobisher, sent out by tiueen Elizabeth with small ships in lo67, naic flwcoanf of Lubrador. Went out following year with tlu-ee ships, 1577, discovered D'obis/ier's Straits. Natives had arrows anned with iron points. Queen sent him out with 15 small vessels to establish a fort on the land which she named "Meta Newguita." Sailed May 31, 1578. Ilakh'Ki/f iriis icith him, assisted nothing. In 1585 John Uavis set out. Discovered Davis Straits and Cumberland Straits. 1586 set out on second voyage. Discovered Cumberland Island. Touched at iV on the coast of Labrador. 1587 he set out again. Named Cape Chudley and Warsvick's Forland. 40 In 1589 WejTnouth sailed in the Diseorery to Wanvick's Forland, which he found to bo an island, and entered Sumley's Inlet. Hudson's first voyage in 1607 discovered Hold -with Hope six or seven degrees to the nortli of Inland, on east of Greenland. Tried to get round Greenland and return by way of Davis Straits. Second voyage, 1608, reported nothing. Third voyage, April 17, 1610, discovered Hudson's Straits, named Cape Diggs and Cape Walsingham. Wintered in the Bay. In 1612 Button set sail. Wintered at Nelson River, which he named from his mate. Resolution commanded by Button. Discovered by Ingram. * H9 Ip to coiivpiii(>nt pliyeioal eratood to lie tlip subject boon froqiK'iitly assumed it to both tho parties in !;inal question in dispute, NouvL'Uo Frimcu should tho shores of the Paoiflc 'e been extouded by the been the t'lU't, from the 11 to the bust maps, when 'licro must liave been a him, if such a line could :ce of the Multonarnali, cific Ocean, rccpiires some i;li no proof of Icrritorial ivcd from facts which the is, wliere (hoy have not mn of fli(' i/ivi/riij)/n'rn who Toncnus statements. An I remove nil scepticism on vercd the Bay and Straits md Saiulus, commissioned il Newfoundliuid and the u-d VI. made him Grand , «/«■ the codnf of Labritilor. Ndtiirs had arrows armed which she named " Aleta raits. d at N on the coast of 18 found to bo an island, •ees to the norfh of Inland, is Straits. ^gs and Cape Walsingham. om his mate. Iteso/iifiou 1014 Captain (Hbbmis saile.l. but only got to U;i") Bylat went (mt in the Disrnirri/. KUt; l(vlat. with Bop^'in for pilot, went again Gary's Islands, Jones Sound, IViflin's Iky. Hudson's Straits. Sound, Lancas^r'r Smith' Sound, "Whale Sound, iirM.vMToii.v. Hit. iT~ Eviill'lH'l' ;,'ivi'ii lii'fori' Cumin James, August 2i»th littpo of UVM Thiiiiiiis JdHii'x wint■ 15. «n"'»l'"P"' II' !'■ •'"'■'l'"" '■'"■" '" '""'"""■ KW;, 1«.B« .ICi. «<■ "■""■"» '" '","*f 1^ ^,, ,,,. „„.,„i„„ „„„,,1„„, lo,,,„.| Olait renewed hi subsequent years. T "", ""' n'™..!'!'.!:.. I...... •■ Tl... ..cw W,.ci,,»Wi., ..t S.,,.,1, Wo.." ...d .ln...k « M.1, i.. ,!..■ tet it™" « li,..! t.. l'.i...« el....te lli> Ui8l,,.»., »h„m G..a pr.™. '-i:i,:;»rN::::....eE„,.,.«o.^^ 1 .)'«wl Named " Sir Thomas lloe s Island. ?,S-"i5flf M«.. " ,„e.ycJs.„„...a..d named to port he ,™te«d „„ .„ honou, of S„ '" MrShflsirNli!;^ to ls..,.a toy wi„te«d on, CharlWs Wand, in hononr of Princo Chad..' bixtlia.?, .'.'.d toir I'"''''"'"" '^"IT; cut down » very high tree, and made . cro» o( it, to it I now ;jo 40 Al'ITSIilX 1)1'MaMIi>IU. Eviilimcc uiveii liofori' Coiiimittui) of lloiisc of CollllllOll.H, Caimcln, MhivIi, 1880. EviiliMii'c iif II.XI. .lohll DouglaH Aruioiir. 10 90 Hint IK) wonthov cciiiM liurt tliom. I'ttwixt botli tlip.so I iiflixt'd His Mivji>»ty'H Uoyiil titles, viz. : (Jharles tho First, King of Eugliiud, ScdIIuikI, Kriinci', mul Ireliiiul ; us uIho i.f Ncwfoiiuillimd iiiiil of tiu'se tt'rritorios ; and to the westward as fur us Nova All)ii)u; and td tlic ni)rtliwurd to the latitude of HO degrees, ete. On the outside of llie l(>ud, I fastened a shilling und a sixjience of His Mujesty's eoiu ; under that we fastened tlio King's Anns fuirly out in leail, and under that the Anns of tlie City of IJristol. And, this being niid-suniiner day, we raised it on tlu' to]i of the bare hill, where wo hud buried our ileuil fellows, fonnully by this ceroniony taking jiossession of these territories to His Afujesty's use. Julv '-^ud. Found on l)unby Island two stakes driven into the ground about a foot and a half and fire-ln-ands, and pulling uii the stakes found they had been eut sharp ut tln' eii''s wilii a liatehet or good iron tool. July -h'd. Set sail. Jidy :2^ud. Erected u cross on Oupe Henrietta Maria, fastened tlie King's Arms and tho Amis of the City of Bristol to it. Left his dogs ashore, one with a eoUivr on. October '.2'2nd. Arrived at Bristol, lleasons that ns North-West Passage can bo found and that there is a good deal of land between Hudson's and Puss Evidence of Mr. Miinloch, C.E. r.ml D.L.S. 20 80 40 Mr. MURDOCH, C.E. and L).L.S., was examined and testified us follows : — 581. I am acquainted with the territory in dispute. I am a eivil engineer in the employ of the Government. I liave travelled from Winnipeg through that country to Lake Superior at ditferent times, I have travelled from Manitoba in a line almost direct to the north of Lake Nipigon, to Nipigon Bay by those routes (pointing out routes on map) ; also, from Thunder Buy to a point called Sandy Bay, about midway between Nipigon and Manitoba ; also, further to the north, again midway between Stm-geon Lake and Sandy Lake. I have also gone by laud and water as far as Fort Frances from Thunder Bay by water route. On the north of Lake Nipigon is generally a flat country, covered, immediately, to the north of the Lake, densely with spruce timber and evergreens of that description. The land is low, and in the spring of the year, swampy. As you ascend from the low grounds around the lake, you come into higher grounds. Proceeding westward, you come into portions where the soil is rich, that of tho valleys in all these rocky countries being very fertile. Between the valleys, tho coimtry is rocky. As you go still further west, say to the shores of Eagle Lake, you come to a more level country. Bii Mr. Wvhlnn : 582. This is a hilly country throughout here ? — Yes, near Sturgeon and Sandy Lakes. Bi/ Mr. Dc Coxnios : 583. ^V^lat is the elevation of these hills ? — They v.iry in height fi-om 25 to 100 feet, the latter being the raaxinuun. Jii/ the Chairiiwn : 584. After leaving Sandy Lake and going along the tributaries of the Winnipeg you get into a better country ? — Yes ; immediately around Eagle Lake, the country is niore flat. You can call it a level country. 585. Into what river system does Eagle Lake run ? — It runs into the English Iliver, wliich runs into Winnipeg. 586. What do you consider the climate in that region ; is it such as to admit of the growth of wheat P I should undoubtedly say so. 587. Do not the Indians grow Indian com at Wabegon Lake, near Gull Lake ? — I think they do. I know they grow it at Fort Frances. Bi/ Mr. Wcldon : 588. You have been there in winter ? — Yes ; both in winter and summer. 589 How is the winter ? — It is, I suppose, about the same as Quebec winters are. 590. Much snow ? — Yes ; a good deal. 1)1 nal titles, vi/. : (Jliarles riMiiKlliiixl iiiid (if tlit'se inl to the liititude of HO v'n coin; iiiuU'r that wo • of IJrirttol. Ami, this hurii'il our ddiid folhiws, use. t a foot nuil a half and with a hatcliet or good 1 Arms aud tho Arms of Clin bo foiuid and that [oUows : — r in th(» emiiloy of the porior at ditferont times, ;on, to Niiiigon IJay Ly idled 8andy liaj', ahout [way between Stiu'geon noea from Thunder Bay red, immediately, to the The land is low, and the lake, you come into rich, that of tho valleys ry is rocky. As you go idy Lakes. 00 feet, the latter being Vinnipeg you get into a You can call it a level 1 River, wliich runs into of the growth of wheat P jake P — I think they do. ore. Al'I'KNDlX Ih/ tho Cfitiinimn : (ir.MANiTonA. :.!)1. At vvlmt time does Bpr'ng "V"^ 'i^'f^^ t'"' ^'"^^ ''^ *''" ^^"'"'■* ""'^ ^'"^"^ Nil'igf>'» ?— At Lake ^^^_ — Nipigon the spring d-es not open Hom.'timos by two weeks as early as at Thimder Hay. ^ , , .„ , Kvi,l,-n,o m2 But at Lake of tho Woods it opens quite early P— At tho time I was there in ^rar.li, 1H<3, 1 ^i,,,„ ,,.,f„r had to be verv careful in crossing at Hat Portage, owin- to the opening of the water. In fact. I saw open ;';;;;;^;:'''/' "' water a* that time. ,,.,,, t i u n • i u Cuim.lii, V)'! Do vou know anything of thn old colony of A.-siniboio, that was estabhshod by Lord Helkirk . m,^,,!,, mo. ^- ^ J J n Kvi'lrliiv of — Ab to its boimdarios P Mi'.Mur.ldch, rm. T/w C/niinnfi,i :—\hnxit it generally P— I know sometliing of tho ciiaracKT of tlio sod and c.K. *,no i • , -Here is a lino .buwa by his Grace along the inteZ^I Z Zv :ZT''7r T '' i^T"' by the sinuosities of tho height of land tolho height <,f Cfbc' M "', r . ''""^' *'""^" and then. .^.h.g ti. sinuosities of tho height^f ^!^:::zz^::!z:^::L^ ^'""'^•"- Jiij Mr. Ill- Voniiw>i : 000. "Where is tlie WTitten or printed desenntinn n( tUc„, v t* • • ^i ao me by his Graee. They have been^anld C vL o ^71 'f " T "'T, ''''''''' ^"" ''"'"^^^^^ the eastern boundaries of the dioce.se. ' ' ^'^ ^"'"^ ''"^ '^^ ^^^"^''^^ '^'i' l^'^ve, as /y^' M^' Cfi'iinnnn : «0l. From what date back does that reckon {--His Grace does not know how far back if A. extend. It was giveji him by liis i.redeces.sor. ^ '^ '^"^^ a dioTese. "'"" "" '"' "'"''"""' ' "''^"" '-^''' '"" *^^^ ^''^^ ^^'^ ^"^ ^^-e and occupied it as 603. It is a diocese connected with Lower Canada ?— I suppose so 604. There is no incorporation by Koyal charter or proclamation or anytlm... of that kind ^ Th ' records were lost at the time of the fire. Their records can.e down fron.'the thn. he d / T 40 occupation, very likely. ^ '"'' "'*' French 605. There was an Act passed in 180;5 providing for tlie administration of justice in the Indian territories. Have you anything to show where these Indian, territories were or what wl 1 , ^ Indian te.itory by the Canadian authorities ?-I have the prochunation of sirl^n Ip sj T who was then Governor General of Canada. ^^ ^herbrooko, 180s'!he r" '^t"""""Vr V ''''' ''"" "'" '""^^" °"'"™^ ""' ^^'■''- ^--' '-d after the Act of 1803, the Canadian authorities were making anv.sts and endcavourinr, t(, ...-,;„ order territories ?-This is the proclamation issued by Sir John Coape Shevl^onk, , ,,/ -J^^ii,,, , , ^^T which clearly shows the territory to wliicli the Act was intended to apply .- ^ ^"''''^' By His Excellency Sik J„hx Coavk Shk.u.rooke, Knight Grand Cross of the Most IFn.. v,, Military Order of the Bath, Captain-General and Govemor-in-Chief in l!; ot the Z^^^^^^ "iif tt. riMid,. ii, tilt' far I Hfill uiulcr iiiy ,,„ II ,.|ir(>, k« Suitorior. I I„iv,. „no ■i bopii iinictiTOlly worked I yoii will (ii„l niiirked ilditiiiii to the Ciduny of liiltiTs patent, J.iit from ?V('iifh j)o»i*e,s,ii()u»(, Imt it 1 "II tlidt Htiit(t of thiugs tiirio, wliicli is alroiidy ho ^eruf .1-1 grunts, ite., for inilly, us tlio (;iiun>li diiiiiiiiiii!t, Ciiiiiiilii, Mmili 1880. Kviilcrh-u of Mr. .Miiriluch, I'K. .VD.L.S. 10 .'JO i # K «5 ^ 94 Ai'i'E.Nnix OK JIanitoha 8oe. II. Evidence given Iwl'oro Cimnnittoc of House of ConimoiiH, Canada, Mardi. 1880. Kvidoiice of Mr. JIurdocIi, C.E. &D.L.S. 1(- 20 SO By (he Clidirmaii : _ _ m TI>is is a very important doomnont, bocnuso it shows clearly that th,> Trovinres oxeroisod jm-.au.t.ou under the Act of 180., i„ ,1,, Indian territories whore those'^eronhles werlZ; 1 JiOS. Where wa.s that docun.ent .leposiled V-I g..t it from an Indian Chi..f ealled Ilonry Prince who hves down on .ho .hores of Lake Winnipeg, an.l it was given to him by his father. lij/ Mr. (Jiii)iir/ : % Mr. I)e CoHinos: 611. Can you point out on the map at what point of a boundary between the United States and Canada would tins due north lino strike ?-A true n.ridional line'cbawn fron. the jun tion the MKssK.s,pp. and Olno would pass tl.ough Lake Superior, cutting the eouth-westerly port in of ll Roynh, mterseetmg the international boundary in the sound between Isle Eoyale aL th nablan^ thoneo across Thunder Bay. a little to the east of Prineo Ax^hxu-'s Landing, running nortl.varrtheno; northward a httlo to the west of Lake Nipigon, and thenco still northward' o the bright Id or th N:;;:imr:Z:;;;;^ Bay company. Temtories, as shown on Bevi^. map o/^T ^f iiU. Does the line yon have drawn as your interpretation of that duo north line ,,ass on the same boundary as that presumed to exist before the award of 1878 ?-Certainly, as by the (il.ebec Act Ih/ Mr. Wrhhn ; Evidence of r. L. llorin. r. Ij. ]\I01iIN called and examined : 1 b(g to land he (omnnttee a copy of the original map of Varem.e.s do la Verandrye tho first discoverer of tho Koeky Mountains. I n,ade this copy from tho original at Taris. /?.'/ till' Chairiixui : good''!) \:tz!z;:''''^^ ''"''' '"'" '''"'' '-'' '-'''''''' '-'' -"^'^ '-^- ' ' ^- '-^ '^ Bav'' Th^mnv" ft-!'^ -V^f -P "I'-t tho counfy lying between Lake Superior and Hudson's B .-Th,^ map of M.tehell s, to wlueh 3-^>u refer n,e, does not appear to be eorreel, aeeonling to Ihe map.s T have cop.ed ai l>„ris. It put.. Ihe ierritorial line of Hudson's Bay farther south ^ Suneri.r't Tr""""\!" '^t^^' "^ ^^'''"'"'^^'^ ^'"' ^'" ^'^'^"-'^ ''''' "-'^^ -"^i'"^-- ^-m Lake S :;:,:!::::: ^'^^'-^^'--^-^ ^-- - --■- ^^^^phing; anyone can see where the Ji.'/ Mr. Troir : (il8. Were you employed by the Government to secure those papers P-Yes. hat thn Provinces exercised luWoa wore taking place. Chief called Henry Prince, his father. I in the Quobec Act, as the I jirofessional man, running tlioro is no other meaning I ith it, such as north-east or r to (ho west slightly, hut it ;yor, that no otliur meaning cen the United States and from tlio juiidion of the ;h-westorly portion of Isle lioyale nnd the mainland, running northward, thence the hi'iglit of land, or the n Dovino's map of port of th lino pass on the same jy the Quob(^c Act. pferring to the location ?— w a Crown Lands ofTiror. • la Veraiidryo, tho fii-st •is. ,p.sV__Y,,.., . ] have had a Superior and Hudson's '■ correct, according to tho ler south. ! continuous from Lake Y one can see where the f 95 610. Under what circumstances P— They wanted to know about tho affairs of the country and they Bent mo to I'aris, two years ago. t)20. Have you been employed in that section of tho country ? — Yes ; I travelled from York, on Hudson's Bay, by way of Lake Winnipeg and Rainy lliver. Tlus memorandmn contains an account of my journey, and my impressions in respect to the country. (Witness liandcd in his memorandum, but it does not bciu- on the sid)ject of the boundaries.) H21. What were tliese linos drawn for on this map which you have handed in Y — Tho one represents the line claimed by tho French after tho Treaty of Utrecht ; the other, the lino insisted on by the English. Tlio latter, being near tlic water-shed, seems tlie most natm-al. ()ii2. Tho French t'ommissioners wanted this, nnd the English the other line? — Tho English made this lino, thinking it the height of land. The spirit of tho treaty is to go to tho height of land. Bi/ Mr. Roiinl: (323. Hero is Mitchell's original map, published in England. Looking at tho rivers as laid down on it, you cannot tell which way they run ; they ore all joined together. How do you account for that P — It is simjily an error of tho lithographers. \lo has marked tho heights of laud, which you can easily trace. T/xtking at tliat map, no one would suppose tliat the Lake of tho Woods or Lake Winnipeg sent their waters south to Lake Huperior, but north to Hudson's Bay, as they really do. ArriNDix opManitoha. -Sec. II. EvilllMlUO given biforo Coniinittiiu of Ilnllsc dl' CoiiinioiiK, Caimilii, Miiirli, 1880. Evidence of r. L. .Morin. 10 Mr. W.M. McD. DAWSON, of Three Rivers, was examined as follows : By Mr. Mousavnu : 111. Have you any special knowledge of quctitions of disputed temtorial boundaries, or practical experience in describing or (b'linoating the same ? — Yes. At a V(TV early date, T had th(> direction of the surveys of the Ottawa Eiver and its tributaries in connection with the linnber trade, the describing of the boundaries of timber limits and supervising their survey when r(>rjuired, imder circumstances of groat difficulty and comi'lication in tho tlicn unexplored condition of almost tlio whole Ottawa Valley, and in tho face of as eager contestants, with as great a variety of contlicting pretensions, and of precisely the same character as could arise with regard to the boundaries of a whole coimtry. 112. Have you in any way specially studied the northern and western boundaries of Canada in con- nection witli the claims of tho HudsoTi's Bay Ccmqiany as the rpiesticn stood before the pm'chase of the rights of tho company ? — Yes. I wrote a report ujion the subject for tlie Commissioiu>r of Crown Lands at Toronto in 18r)7, which, I may say, has been the cause of all the controversy that has since taken place in relation tliereto. It was the first. paper since 1821 tlirough wliich tho just claims of Canada had been asserted and maintained ; it has been continually used by quotation or plagiarism throughout every phase of tho controversy since, and, I think I may safely say, is mainly the cause that we have redeemed and possess the vast aiul fertile regions of the North- West to-day. li;3. Under what circumstances did you come to ^vritc that report and for what object ? — I was, at that time, occupying an important position in tho Crown Lands Department. Mr. Cauclion was Commissioner of Crown Lands, and a Cabinet Minister. I was generally working late at night, and was then frequently visited by Mr. Cauchon for consultation on pidilic affairs under his surveillance, and one night, before leaving, he incidentally mentioned that a despatch liad just been laid before (.Council by His Excellency the Oovernor General, from the Colonial OfKce, the piu-port of wiiich was that tho Hudson's Bay Company had made application to be allowed to resign their lease of tho Indian territories, and obtain a renewal, and that it was suggested that the answer should be that it was no concern of ours, 08 the country did not belong to us, etc. I at once told him, I dare say somewhat excitedly, that this was a Bubjeot I had been watching for years in the interest of Canada; that the licence the Company already had did not expire for two years ; th.it they wcj'o. but pl.aying the same game they had eueeess- fully done once already by resigning the lease before it expired, so as to get the crisis quietly over without 20 EviiU'Ucc of .Mr.Wni.McD. Dawson of TliiL'c Rivera, ;jo 40 96 Ani-.NDix OK AlAMIX)i,A. Pw. n. Eviileiue Sivt'ii lii'fdiv Coniinitt Hduso of Coiiiiiions, Caiiadii, Marcli, 1880, EviiioMci' of of any one knowing it; tUt the country was am-., and ,nu- future greatness and prosperity depended on reclanning it as the just mheritance of the people of (Canada. Mr. Oauehon was v rv mlLSed as the sul,e<,t iiad never eonie under his notice before ; be at once took a very wann interest in the n a "^1 ^::^^Z7T'^ T' r'^'' '":' ^" ''' '''''-' ''-'- ~^ *" ^^^ '- '^-^^ entertained onL fo , ^^ of the Hudson s ]3ay Company's Charter, and tha^ it did not need renewal. I then explained him the Inie and cry that liad been got up about the "validity of the Charter," which was a f Le "^^^^ DawsoM of ,'Z ^ Charter; that if any point m it were invalid as beyond the constitutional T,„.eo Rive,, powers oi he lung to grant, such .^s the exclusive right of trade in Hudson's Bay, etc., it was a im^ te^^^^^^^ 10 secondary importance to us; but that it was not the Charter, as he had at first s/.ppoc , l^tW - seekuig a renewal of, but a license of exclusive trade witli the Indians under a specid Act coverinfa W area o what was properly Canada, under the name of the " Indian Territory." That this 1 idTIlrr Z had already the nucleus of settlement established at lied River, and embraced a great .art 7t e mo^ fertile regions of the continent, which were the just inheritance of the people of Caxfada, s cured to them a the ..render of the country and by the Treaty of Paris. The cp.estion then came up f the bou ida y o Can da, as represented on every map that hung upon the walls or met the eye ev rywhere givhi7th nor hern watershed of the St. Lawrence from the United States limits as the b undary of GiiTda L1 I .n Sh W fT. r ''"'' '' ' •^"'^ °^ ^^' ^''''' °*^ t^" I^^li*^" ^•^^•^i^^"'^^ g^nted jointly to the 20 NorthyWest Iiu- Company of Montreal and the Hudson's Bay Company, the surveys made by h Canadian Conipany (a large manuscript map of which was in the iepa'^tment) had bel used or' pubhca ion in London, and the boundaries laid down as shown at the instigation of the uni d lies o olThrttrb" , '^''^^^ "^ ^""-^^ of a generation^n habituating peoplTth enter! ^ . TT "''' '''^ ^"^'"'^'^ "^ ^"'^^'"^'•^■>^- ^- ^'^^'^^'^^ ^^^^^-^ ^^^0 excited and nter d wannly mto the subject, expressing the strongest determination to defend the rights and inter's of ;i- rrovince-as I must do him the justice to say ha always did during the period I Led under m m the Crown Land Department. It was then arranged that, a.s a territorial n latter, he was to cldm 2 deytch as appertaining to his Department, and bring it to me to report upon, ihes^ J^CZ^ .0 SXa errt?';f '''^''^°T^''^^~^ '^^' '^^'^ ^^^ Ministers, and the sendi:: f 60 Jndge Diapei o Lngland to appear before the Committee of Bartiament, the report was very much £;;:!:;:: ^^^ " '''' "'"^'^ ^^^^-^^ ''^'' ^^^^^^ -^y ^^^^y --^ ^- ->-^'^W that is oL:::' Snot.Vf ^"^ T ^^'" ^'^^ ^^" ^"'"''"^ ^^^"^ ^^' North-West eoimtry, embracing the Red River the Saskatchewan, etc., were within the boundaries of Upper Canada V-Not exactly. I claimed thee countries, and was sustained in that claim by the highest authorities, as the Wrthlh trade rt^ 1 T^- ■''''""^' '""^ ^'''' ^"'^^"^"^"^^ ^' ^^« ^1^' ^^'--1^ settlers 2 had d d' :: t: :";;t;^ ir^'y '^^'' -^^^l-^^^^^- ^^- ^-^torles as wen as the British wholl sue' eeeded unitedly wih them m possessmg, and unitedly with them, as for instance under Sir Alexander McKenzie, extended hose territories to the Bacific and to the North Sea, without any intervene nT in terference, either m the way of prevention or aid from the Hudson's Bay Company, who ^ Id 1 1 mad no such pretension as they did at a later period. It might indeed seem that the claim put fonvard bTm and which became the g.-ound-work of all that Canada claimed and has acconiplished'sb^d L" mured, 1 promir^ly and efficiently maintained, to the benefit of Upper Canada, but that was not a po n ^special importance at the time-we were one province, under one Goveniment and one L^lC u^der the same laws (except m some particulars of French and English law which did not seem to m to be of much importance , and every acre of those vast regions was as much the property o le le th other portion of the United Province. I simply demonstrated that the country was part of that Iti d by Gr^t Bntain as Canada, or ., M>n.,e France, and that as such, it was the dutv of ou. GoyZ I to .W .t, whether u was technically within our Provincial boundaries, or as a dependency of Canada 40 and prosperity depended was very niucli astonished, u interest in the matter, but 10 doubt entertained of the enewal. I then explained '," whieli was a false issue, a chartered Company, was beyond the constitutional ay, etc., it was a matter of supposed, that they were lecial Act covering a large That tliis Indian territory a great i)art of the most ^'anada, secured to them at ne up of the boundary of 'e everywhere, giving the iundary of Canada, and I it was not to be found on ;s granted jointly to the le surveys made by th^ :ent) had been used for 1 of the united lessees of labituatiug people to the scame quite excited and I the rights and interests )riod I served i:»ider liim iter, he was to claim the Thes'^ am the- circum- ters, and the sending of re])ort was \ery much ything that is obsciu-e or sing the Eed River, the ctly. I claimed those as tlie birth-right of ich settlers who had he British who had suc- co under Sir Alexander any intervention or in- ny, wlio had then made laim put forward by me ished since) would have lit that was not a point nt and one Legislature, 1 did not seem to me to )perty of the one as the is part of that acquired uty of oiir Government dependency of Canada 97 formed part of the " Indian territories," to which the then expiring lease gave us the opportunity of maintaiiiiug our original title. 71;"i. What do you moan by t!ie " Indian territories ; " can you state definitely what they were ? — AVlion the first jirovince of (iuebec was constituted in 167^3, it embraced a vi,y limited portion of the country just then acquired from Franco, the great bulk being reserved for the beuefit of the Indian nations, who were its principal inhabitoiits. In 1774 an Act was passed extending the boundaries of the Province of Uuebec, and whatever this Act did not embracio witliin these boundaries continued to be reserved for the benefit of the Indians, and would therefore be the " Indian territories." 710. TIow do you define the boundary ])re.scribcd by the Quebec Act of 1774, as the western boundary of the Province V — That point Tuiglit be deenied suHicicntly clear by itself, in the tonus of the Statute, but seems to be involved in some ditficulty by reason of official mistakes. The other boundaries of the Province are described with such minute accuracy of detail that the vagueness of "northward" taken by itself, would, in my mind, imply some condition by which its precise direction would bo guided. It would not necessarily be a due iif)rth line. It might be to the east or to the west (jf north, according, as those conditions prevailed, the one way or the other ; but if ail conditions failed it would, of necessity, be due north. The conditions are : — Ist, that starting from the Mississippi at its junction witli the Ohio, it runs northward; and 2nd, that it strikes the soutliorn boundary of the Hudson's Pay Co.'s territories. Taking the first, if tlie commission, issued immediately after the passing of the Act, was meant to interpret it, then the Mississippi would be the westerly boundary of the Province as far as it went. There is not, however, the shghtest doubt but what the upper waters of the Missomi were, at that time, taken to be the Mississippi, and such a boundary would, in no sense, be called " northward," as it would be about nortii-west. Such a boundary would not, therefore, fulfil the first condition, and still less would it fulfil the second, as a line in continuation of the general bearing of the Mississippi, as laid down on tlie maps of the day, would never strike the southern boundary of the Hudson's Bay Company's territories, as then understood. Assuming, however, that the Governor's commission gave so much of the boundary as was intended to run along the Mississippi Iliver, and that the "northward " meant from its source to the southern boundary of the Company's territories, it would equally fail in fulfilling the second condition, as, to do so, the lino would require to take a new departure r.nd a new course, and run north-easterly. Failing, therefore, in both conditions, we necessarily fall back upon a due north line, which does fulfil these conditions, as it is " northward," and strikes the southerly boundary of the iludsou's Bay Company's territories, tliough it does not accord with the terms of the Governor's commission, which I shall deal with presently. It is hardly worth while to advert to the fact that the Mississippi, taking simply what is so designated at the present day, would fulfil the fij'st part of the condition of the boundary in being sufficiently near north to be called " iwrt/iiran/," but even that would not fulfil the second condition, as a continuation of the line on its general bearing would not strike the Hudson's Bay Company's territoric as then recognized, but would pass to the westward thereof. It is needless to discuss this, however, as that was not the Missis- sippi mentioned in the Act — neither was it tlie Mississippi meant or intended, even at a later period, when the independence of the United States pushed our southern boundary up to the 49th pai'allel on a due west course from the Lake of the "Woods, as it was perfectly well known, at both those jieriods, that the source of the Mississippi, as now known by that name, lay to the south, or even east of south fi'om the north-west angle of the Lake of the Woods, and could not, therefore, bo the Mississippi the due west line from that point was intended to intersect. Notwithstanding, however, that these conditions fail to give the line a direction either to the east or to the west, I would not construe the Act rigidly as meaning a due north line if any contemporaneous Act of the Imperial Government had otherwise construed it, and at first sight, the Governor's commission, first issued thereafter, would seem to imply such a construction. The instructions to the Governor simultaneously issued with that commissiou, would seem indeed to account for the difference between the Act and the commission, and indicate that the distinction was Al'PRNDIX (IK Manitoba. Sec. II. Evidence given liefoio Cmiiniittue of House of Commons, CiiMiida, Mairli, ISSO. Eviileni'o of Mr.AVm.McD. Diiwson of Tliree Rivera. 10 20 30 40 08 Appendix oF.MANironA. See. n~ Evidence given Iiofore Committee of House of Commons, Jlai'cli, 1880. Evidence of Mr.M'ni.MeD. Dawson ol' Three Hiveis. 10 not matter of accident or oversight, but of rlesio-n T v i j , fomationof the first Province of u W inll^n J ^7/ ' tl "'''' '' *'^ '"* ''''' '^^ ^^« or New France were reserved W f],? recently acquired territories of Canada necessary ZL'Z^oZ:'^^!:: '^'j'tT'' f ''" '"''""^' ""^ ""^^ ^" '""* ^ -- ^^^^nei to_ extend and enlarge the Province of C|u b^ ^^re t^^r^^^^^^ ^f' 1 IT T""^"* things. It either on the one hand, abolished all separate utonomv of he Ind ^ "' '^ *"" guarded in the proclamation of 1761^ nl,r. f 7 ' ''^'\'^"^"°""^y "f the Indian nation.s (so carefully Crown, and extLdecUh Province of q?^^ VT' '^'"^^ °' ^'^ ''^^'""^ "« *»^^ --^« "^ the of Paris, without any tita^re t,^^^^^^^ T '.I'^f ", "^""' '^""^ ^^'^'^^"^ ^^^ ^^^« ^-^^^^ limitai-y line, dependent asTo tTeW /• '' ^""'^' '^ ^'''''''''^ " ^''^^'' '^"^l defined essential cha^St " '"^ ^'^ ""^ Po-t.on upon conditions already explained, but absolute in its eover:;:r t:r^zz-:::;^zi:z izt: "^ ^^^°^^ rr ^- - "f/«r «orM," and read bv the li^hf at fJ, , '^ '" expressed it by saying or enlarged by ,Ll,rl^t7rr^^^^ " c,, but not as part of the Province constituted This leads to the inquiry of how the Proclamation of 1791 diN^dinir *he Prnv.-„n f n u came to be ssued. I have shown fl„f fi * v • , .^' *"^™"^S ^ne Province of Quebec, 2nd, its ,ej,e.,rna.. By t Znden j ° ftxnct things : 1st, the Province of Quebec; and the "Indian territories "sea^r,"' ^"^rf^'^'^ ^^^^ -° ^.e no difficulty in distinguishing fh«.o,.ntry\ XTu;d?r? '^'^^^^T'^^'^ ^^ '^' ^'' '''' °^ Government performed tnwa..j - .__ntr, aoquiied undor the treaty by the Proclamation of 1763, and afterwards encn>ached up^on 30 hi 99 'i-ted to the fact that on the icquirt'd territories of Canada I only 80 much as was deemed ation, erected into a I'rovince. •ew up, it became expedient i. This Act did one of two Indian nations (so carefully Indians as the wards of the d from France by the Treaty sented a positive and defined 'xplained, but absolute in its n the report written for the •e so expressed it by saying 1791 (to be further adverted as well be asstmied, and that territory, especially as the led by the commission and • from the Act, undoubtedly IS " of the province, created be difficulty that confronted then the time to study up nee at that report will show ed by France by the treaty uld possibly belong to the nth the Indians since 1821, country called the " Imiian in in a position to assume tovemment, either with or t be held to have done so), nit under the Govemora of before the division of the wo distinct things. The the enlarged Province of ) of Quebec did not cover The Proclamation of 1763 small Province of Quebec that Indian territory, the ) military occupation, was i the Province constituted the Province of Quebec, Province of Quebec ; and fficulty in distinguishing uuent performed towards erwards encroached upon, I but not absorbed by the (iuebec Act of 1774. The Connnission issued to Lord Dorchester in the period intervening botwoou the iudcpendonco of the United States and the division of the I'rovinuo of Quebec (1786) necessarily prescribed the international boundary (I here drop the word and state the fact) to precedent facts established, though the order in Coiuicil of l£ith ot August, and the Commission to Lord Dorchester of 12th September, 1791, very clearly defined what was to be done, it devolved upon the Lieut ".lant-Governor, temporarily atbninistering tlie Government in the absence of his chief, to issue the prcjclamation for the divis) a of the Province, which he did under date of 18th November, 1791, mid expressed one part of it in words which may have a presumptive, but certainly have no intelhgeiit meaning. It is impossible, without any data to go by, to realize how the wording of the proclamation came to be adopted. Possibly Lieut.-Governor Clarke may have been ad\'ised that the Order in Council and Commission did not cover all the territory ah-eady placed under the jurisdiction of his chief, as, for instance, by the Commission of 1786, and not realizing the dis- tinction between the legal boundaries of the Province and its depeudencm, this gentleman, who was a soldi'^r and not a statesman, seems to have conceived the idea of adding to the act he was required to accomplisli, and giving m n quofation from the verbal defiuition of it, words which // did nut contain, and not only so, but suppressing the words which it did contain. It was this ill-conceived proclamation that seems to have exercised the Bar and the Bench in the De lleinliardt trial at Quebec in 1818, and wthout sifting the discrepancy, of which the above appears to be the only possible explanation, the udges held to their interpretation of the Act, pme and simple, as they found it in the Statutes. I must confess that taking the proclamation of 1791, as elaborated by Messrs. Stuart and Valliere de St. Ileal, then reputed the ablest counsel in the country, and not noticing that it was in conflict with every other official act of the time, so far as these acts have yet become available, and which were not, in fact, available at that time for reference, I was thereby influenced in the indecision or doubt I expressed regarding the precise division In'tim-n Canada and the Indian territories ; but I must here add that it had no effect whatever upon the conclusions I then arrived at, and still adhere to, as absolutely beyond the possibility of uitelligent contradiction, tipou the true extent of Candida united/;/ irith its dependencies, the " Indian territories," as against the pretensions of the Hudson's Bay Company, which was a matter of undoubted historical fact, public law, long acbiowledged possessory right, and fully admitted alike by the Bench and the Bar on the occasion referred to. I would here call attention to the fact that the sole pretension of the defence in the De Eeinhardt trial was, not that the Province of Quebec, as constituted by the Act of 1774, covered the temtory in question ; on the contrary, it was clearly admitted that it did not, but that in the division of the Province of Quebec, imder the Act of 1791, the King not only divided the Province of Quebec, but by the exercise of His Iloyal Prerogative, added to that part of it which became Upper Canada. This was the pretension, and it rested solely upon the Proclamation of 1791. It, therefore, becomes a matter of the first importance to ascertain what this Proclamation amounted to, on which two pertinent questions arise : — 1st. Was it authentic— by which I do not mean any question as to its having gone thi'ough all the forms and been du^ promulgated, as it professes to have been, but as to any authentic authority given to the Lieut.-Governor by the Crown, to add the words, or rather substitute the words which have been the catise of all the contro-ersy, and which differ from every other authentic authority of the day that has yet been brought to light r Ai'i'RNnix ofMaxhuba. Sec. II. Eviilcuufi given liofdi'o Coiiiiiiitteo uf lIoH.HC l)f Coiumuus, Cniiiula, Muirli, 1880. Eviili-noe of Mi.Wn..M(D. Diiwsiiii, of Three Rivers. 10 20 m 40 100 APPENDIX 2nd Assuming its authenticity and authority ns proved, does it really do that which lias been Manitoba, attributed to it and add to Upper Canada more than a specific allotment out of the pre-existinir Sec. II. Province of Quebec P ** Evi.ieuco If either of these conditions fail, the whole fabric on which the pretension of claiming a boundary K,ittoof iT""^ ^'^-^^ '^^^ig"^! ^^y Statute to the Province of Quebec, has been raised, that would embrace the House of Indian territories in Upper Canada, cmmbles to the ground. S?Ts<,rt .?'' ii"" ^""'* °* *'"'''' '* "'"^ °°* ^"^ surprising that in the De Reinhardt trial neither the Bench Evi-lenceof • ^"^ ^^'^ ^ar seem to have questioned the authenticity of the authority under which Lieut.-Governor Mcb'^Daw- ^'"'''° '''"'^ ^''' Proclamation in question, containing the added words ; it was, as a matter of son^of Three course, taken for granted that it issued in ifs rn/irrf// under the direct mandate of the CroAvn. And yet we have the fact now plainly established, that every contemporary act of authority was in 10 direct contradiction of the meaning attributed to the words added or substituted. Tlio Order in Coimcil of 24th A.ugust, the commission to Lord Dorchester of 12th September, clearly describ- mg Upper Canada as comprehending such ten-itories west of the dividing line, " as rn-re part of our Province of Quehce," and no more, and the instructions to his Lordsliip, again stating the boiuidary to be " m in our sai-one read the proclamation and see whether it says that Upper Canada shall have an extent greater than its allotted portion of the divided Province of Quebec. The description is precisely the same as in all the other authorities up to the words " boundary Hne of Hudson's Bay." The other authorities continue : " The Province of Upper Canada to comprehend all such lands, territories, and islands lying to the westward of the said Une of division as were part of our Province of Quebec ; and the Province of ^'1 Lower Canada to comprehend all such lands, territories, and islands lying to the eastward of the said • ^;"7*/\^'^°f "^^ -^''^ P-^^t °f "^ ^aid Province of Quebec." That is at least clear and explicit, but vM of tins the proclamation continues, " inchuling all the territory to the westward and southward of the said line to the utmost extent of the country commonly called or known by the name of Canada " 40 These words do not fo//o>r, they are snbsfiMed, for the words that declare what shall bo Upper and what shall be Lower Canada. Had the declaration of what should be Upper Canada been inserted and followed oy these words, the meaning would at least have been intelligible and apparent, and it would have only remamed to consider whether Governor Clarke had the power to make the change ^But as the words stand, let me ask, in what was this territory " to the westward and southward, etc tncluded ? Not in the Province of Upper Canada ! The proclamation does not say so Let me read from the document itself, leaving out the mere description of the line, "tliat our Province of Quebec 101 20 " should he divided into two distinct Provinces, to ho called the Province of XTpper Canadft and tho ^ ,,f. " Province of Lower Canada, by separating tho said two Provinces according to tho following line of Ma nito ua. "division" — "including all tho territory to the westward and southward of the said lino to tho utmost Sec. II. " extent of the country commonly called or known liy the name of Canada." Now, the introduction of Kviilenco the descrijition of the line does not alter the sense in tho least ; it is still tho " line of division," (as f^^^'i'iiHtoe of described) " inc'luding all the territory, etc." What is it, then, the.t has the privilege of "including" all H. -i» .™;':ii:"i;::*:,:crr;:':;ir:r *■" "" """" ™ «-' "■■»^'" ■■■■•» K,l,io„o, Itiv.,,, i„ ||,„ i,„„ri„, t1,„,° ' T " l"''»m.'nt. (o „.|,ic.|, 1 1„„1 !„,,, ,|,,.t«l forThroo Kvi.lonrc ,.f i"'it a document— 1 10 l'n)cl.u„ation of IT'ii .• / ^ ,"'*"'^^'*' " ^^'1' wfftrcul.v Heein strauiro SlcD^L.. l-fo.seai,un.l.. tI.e(Mlo. or^V ;^' C^lir; l!'^ ^""^^ ^'^ '"^'-^ -^^-ty i„ tho eountxy. son or TL... highest j,u.i.di..,ion. witl.out exception boi2 t "n I 77 '"I '"''""' "^"^^ '"^«^" ^'^^ ^^^ "^ which it i,rofo,s«o,l to on.nnato or to mo "L'^ % the IJonch or tho Bar as to tho authority from 10 boon takou Lyme in tho hgl wL tT th^ ll o^^^^^^^^ ^" ^ ^'^'^""^ -"^^-^■^-"' ^'-'^^ l-o which I had not then subjV.otod it« cont I Tnd 1" '^1 T'^'' ""^^^'t''«^"'"l'^g that a scrutin,-, to now show that it had n .ither the 1 Zri ! ITn' r"'; " " '"""""'^ "" ''''''''' '^ ^^ ^-"'^-1 Q. Ilavo you oxanuned tu bom U^ ^^'^'""'^l'"'/ ' "^ '"'^veyed tho moaning attributed to it. tbo rrovinco of Onta ^ am o^ ' " 7 '""t: '' ''° ^•'''™'°" "^'^'""'^^'^ '">• ^'-^ I^""'-- of tainedl^-With all , Jslbl o ^ j^^^^ t '' rests, or can bo maiu- Wghly, and tho othe of whom oe upv nl ' 1 r"' "'"" ^ '"^^ '^""^^" ^^^ ^'^^ ««toemed of two groat nations, is eZ^^^^Z:^:::^ T"t ^'^' ^"'"""'^ *'° ™"«^^^"- ^^ -I-* decision has no basis whatever of hi^y o^ ^ t ri^^r IfT A ^T^^ ^^"''"^ ^"^ *^"^ ^^- to make a boundary, it was, of eo,irse a matt r 7 I Arbitrators conceived that they were 20 which thoy would bo right to exelis^ thto l 'T"" T "'"" '' ""'' ^° ""^"^'''^ ^" I^'-- 't. i" merely to examine and d'eclaro Z^^ZZLr^'^ T Tf f "^^'""^^"^'^ = ^^^'^ ^' ^^"^ ^"^ that which was not a possible one Th y had I hi. 7 ^ i .^'"' "'" ^^""' ^'"^^' ^>-« '^^"rt-I That Ontario embraced the whole Nor M^' T^rr "" f ;;" ""f '^'™ '" ^''™^ *" '^-'-^ ^^t. i-i. with thori,r^r s ::^::l^i^r:;:V'ti'T7:i; ^^^^^ -- ^^- --^--^- ^^ federation ^vithout it, as well as that Conflratio!^ tliink that Ontario practically entered con- smaller Provinces would not have con n^^ 1 1 '^ l''"'''^ '^"^ T "T"^ "^^™^^'^^ ^'*^ ^^' ^ *^« assuredly objection w-ould have been taken L Low ""T' ^"''' ''" ^^"''"^^ "^ '^ -'"--! rrovincoinl7(nofthejustinheritanl?f her pole '""P- ' ' • ^ > ^ ^ hviilrlli'i' of division of tlio former I'rovi.ice of tiuebec ex])unged, a new descrijitioii formulated and a new, distinct and .Mr.Wm.MoD. , , . ,, ,,11 1 1 t1 •■ 1 T 1 OllHSClIl of in some respects, entirely diilerent boundary given to I p[iei' (luiuda liy comiieteiit autliority, as embodieU Tliiw Rivers, in the commission to I.iord Durham, and continued in every succeeding deserij)ti()n thereafter. 10 By this new boumbiry the I'roviuce of riijiev Canada was exteiub'd on the north to tlie "shore" of Hudson's 15ay, and eiu'tailed on the west to the eiitranci! " into Lake Superior." I ob.serve that it has been contended that " the boundary lino of Hudson's Kay " and " the sliore of Hudson's Bay " were convertible terms and meant one and the same thing. I cannot admit this ; the law does not a(buit it. for it has declared that a temtory granted to the Hudson's Hay ("omiiany existeil, and if it existed it had to be found sonuiwlicre between its southern boundary and the shore of Hudson's Kay, and its southern boundary being, by Statute law, the northern boundary of the Province of Upper Canada, it could not be identical with the shore of Hudson's Kay The question then arises, had the down the prerogative right to extend the boundary of Upper Canada to the nortli licyond that provided by Statute, and if so did that right include the power to extend it over 20 any part of the Hudson's Bay Company's territories':' On this jioint, it may be observed that the Hudson's Kay (Jomimny's territories had already been init by law (Act of 1S21) very effectually under the Government of Ui)]H'r as well as Iwower Canada— reserving whatever peculiar rights may have appertained to them under their charter. The Hudson's Bay ('onipany were a trading concern, having certain rights, but they were not a government— notwithstanding that they made some pretensions in that direction, and, I see nothing in the law, as it then stood, to render it inamipatiblo for the Royal prerogative to have extended tlit> limits of Ujiper or of Lower Canada over these territories, reserving the rights of tho Company as the law already did. This seems to have been the view taken by the Arbitrators, for they commence their description af f/ic nlmc of Hudson's Bay where an extension of the due iKuth line from the head of I^ako Temisamiugue 30 would reatii it. It would not, however, appear to be the view taken by the Department of the Interior, if I may judge by the Dominion maps issued since the sitting f>f the Ari)itrators, for these maps carr\' the boundary of Ontario to the nhoir of Hudson's Bay as if tho Arbitrators had maile a boundary line there, but do not carry • the contiguous boimdary of Quebec to the same point, but indicate it as extending only to what may have been considered " the boimdary line of Hudson's Bay." The Department must necessarily be in error in this, for the Arbitrators have not made nor declared a boundary for Ontario between these points. They have assumed it as existing by commencing at the nhore of Hudson's Bay ; but if the Department is right, there is a hiatus and no legal boundary whatever provided for Ontario in the large gap between the point where the boundary of (iuebec is made to terminate and the point where the Arbitrators commence their 40 description ; for if they were right in commencing there, (iuebec also extends contiguously to the same point, as the same extension of Lower Canada to the North was made in 18;}8 as of Upper Canada in a separate and distinct description. I think, therefore, that in commencing their description at the shore of Hudson's Bay, the Arbitrators were con-ect, and that the Cn/wn liad the prerogative right to extend the boundary to that point, just as the first Province of Quebec was created in 17 ., and as the extended province of Quebec might have been further added tc by Proclamation in 1791, had it been so done by proper authorization, and conveyed in intelligible language, which it was not. I now come to tho other point, the curtailment of the Provimr on the West by the same instrument the Arbitrators have recognized an cjctenilitxj it on the North. 1U4 Ai'i'KNorx OKMANinillA EviilclKT given lii'I'ore CiiiiiiiiiUff (if HclllHll (if CuiiiiiioiiH, Cniiiiilii, Miinli, 1880. EvilllIKU of .Mr.Wiii.McD. nnwsiin, of Tluce Rivers. 10 20 .30 40 By that .n«tr.,mpnt it will ho Been that all refom.oe to the former Province of (inebeo, to ho foun.l in every aute..e.lent ,lc.H..ri,.tiv,. a,.t of authority for th. ,,r,.,.,.,lin^. forty-sovon voars, i« ,.„tirolv .h-o,.,„..l an.l a now aoHcn,.t.on. co„.,.lnto within i.M.lf, forn.„lut«l, not restinK u,.o„ any ,,roviou.s h.w. ^^.nJmfvin or order. Brmn tl.at .late, the I'rovinee of Upper (^anmla no longer subsisted as a .livisiona! part of th. nld 1 rovinoe of liuehe. ; ,t suhsi.sted fn.n that date indepon.lently. on the n.erits of the .le«.riptio„ hv whi.h It was duy de..,g„ate.l I.y eon.petont authority, an.l by whi-h its limits w.mv ext..„.lo.l to (he "sh„re" of Hu.lson 8 Bay on the north, an.l eurtaile.l t., the entranoe " u.to F.ak.. Sup.-rior " on th., w..st I ap,.rehend that there can bo no ..onstil.itional objeeti.,n to the prerogative right of the (Jr.,«ni to n.ake theextension Ihose who maintain that the Provin.., of (iueb.,e was ext..n.b.d by the Pr..clamation of I TOl cannot at .east, controvert it. If. then, it was a .-onstitutional ex..,vise .,f the pivrogativo to cxten.l it to the nm'th as assumed by the Arbitrators an.l ac,]uie8ced in by Ontario, h..w enn th.- legal cxer..ise..f th.> prero^ntive! authoris...l by a ..pecitic provision ..f statute law t.. curtail it in the went, be denie.lh That .p.vifie i.ro vision of law will be found in the (iuebec A,.t .,f 1774, enlarging the Proviuc by ,..„,ain a.l.li.ions hat" were to.m.b.sist ,mly ".hmng llis Majesty's plcas.uv." by whi,.h pow.T was un.loub...,lh- .^iveii t.) (he Cro^v:l to curtail it again, whi..h wa.s done by (1... n.-v ,„„1 specific ,les..dption most caivfullv au.l miiiutelv drawi up for the Larl of Durhnm, in lS:i,H. n„.l conHuu.'d thereii Iter. ' _ I <.on<.ludo, ther<.f..rc. (hat the Arbitra(.,rH w.t.. right in th.-ir ..onstnictioi, of that part of the de scnptmu .)f TIpp.T Cana.la existing at the time of the imssing of (1,.^ B. N. A. Act-,,, it was i„ fact con temb.l for l,v the Ontnri.. Goven.ment-by which (he Province hn.l 1 u, ab.,ut thiriv 'years before, pxtcn.lcd to the shor,. .,f Hudson s liny ; and (hat, wh,.(h..r fr.m. (r..ni their not being exper'ts in ninttera of the kind, accust.mied to .leal with ,,u..,sti.,us of bouiuh.ry, or from the ...x<.ce,linglv .b.fc,.(ive mn,m,.r in which the case for the Dominion was j-iaced bef..re t]umi-\yhich wa.s, in fact, no .-asc at all-thcy failed to give elfcct to th.> whole d,>s,.rip(ion, on one part of which th..y acto.l, and conse.pientlv failed to .lefine correctly the western limit of tlie Province. The following is the description of Upper Canada as it entered Conf.>demt'"on :— "The said Province being bonn.led on tlie east by the line .rvi.ling that J'roviiur from Tower «' Cana.la. beginning at a stone boun.lary on (he n..rtli bank of the L.'k.^ ^t. Francis, at (he .'ove west of "the P.iiit au Bcau.lct, in the limit bctwe.m the Township of Lancaster an.l the S..i,r„,,„,i,. of New "Longueuil, running al.mg the mid limit in tlie diivction of north thirtv-four .leg.vcs west tt^he "westernmost angle of the said Scign.M.rie of New Longueuil ; thciic." along the north-western b.'.un.larv "of the Sc.gneurie of Vau.lreuil, running north twenty-flvo degrees east, until it strikes the Otta-.v^ " River, t.. ascend the said river int.. th.. Lake Tcmiscaniin,.-.;- the sai.l Provin,., ..f Ui.i.er Can-ida " being also bomidod by a line drawn .In.. n,.rth from the head of the sai.l lake umil it reaches (he shore "of Hu.ls.)n's]5ay; the .said Province of Upper Canada being bomide.l .,n (he souOi, beginnino- at the " said stone boun.lary b.^t ween Lancaster and Longueuil, by the Lake St. Francis, the Itiv.^r St Lawenc "theLakeof theTh.msandIsland.s, Lake OiKari.,, (he liiv.n- Niagara, (1), Lake Fri... and ah.ng tlul "middle of that Lake; on the west by the channel of Detroit, Lake .St. Clair, up the J{iv.>r .St Clair "Lake Huron, the west shore .,f Dnimmond Island, that of .St. Joseph and Sugar Island thence into " Lake Superior." ' That descripti.m gives as its easterly boundary from the Ottawa, a due north line to the shore of Hudson's Bay, and as its westerly limit the commencement of Lake Superior ; an.l taking (he descrip(i..n simply on its o^vn merits, on the one point as well ns the other, its westeriv boundary must run froin i(s extreme ^^•esterly extension, whore it enters Lake Superior, parallel to its eastern, a .-lerioal error making tl.e Niagara River fall intoTlurTZTivrV, e. " wanls rorrprtc,!, ami I l!.iv.- .-.-.pie.! fror.i the directed uiiu. ""• '^'''"' ^'"•' '""- ''f'*''- f (iupbcp, to 1)0 fduiul in , is ontiroly ilrnjuKMl, and •US law, prnclaniatioTi, nr (livi.si()nal part of tho did fill' (loscription by which It'iidcd to thn "shore" of on tli((W(i-tain additions that ludoiilitedly j;iveii to the case at all— they tailed lOiniontly failed to define ! J'rovince from Lower icis, nf the cove west of the Seigneiirie of New iir degi-ees west, to th(^ north-wosteni boundarv il if strikes the Ottawa ■iiice of TTp])er Canada iiilil it reaches the shore south, beginning at the tlie Tliver .St. Lawrence, ike Erie, and along the , up the Jtiv(»r St. Clair, ngar I.shind, thence into oifli line to tho shore of d faking fhe description dtiry must run from its , due north to the shore m the confluence of the I take the grouud that into thu Lake Krio, In.it ufter- that was changed. The new iMmndary wns miid in 18!1H. 71H. Wliy due north from th<' east end of LmIv" S of liake Superior diagonally across the country to tli -- for going due north ?— Because, as a general princii duo north, sny, for instance, due north from the hcadol Lake T.niiscaimu-'ue far westwanl. then your wcsti rn boundiiiy is naturally (i boundary jmrall. I t wise described uding to tho tonus of the description gixiri ,,;\J'7;'',Iom. ■1. istead .1' llmlsoi^ I L'lVf a triking a line horn theeust end , ^^,^^^,^, \n\ Y What authority hiive vou . »■■. I»i<'i'' C"lliIlllttCl' of cription d ■■ east or due ww»t or Utnm- i>r d the 1' ^•^"- «" ^:rr'"' tern, uu :* other- J.'"",l'' i«^'?' Mi.Wm.MiD. 711». That is meivly an inference. Where wouhl that line duo north from liuke Superior tcrminato Y 'tCTwl-m. — At the shore of Hudson's ]?iiy. ^*^ 7'2(l It would strike Hudson's T.avl'-(-Vrtainly ; it would still go paralU'l to a due north hue Irom the contluence of the Mississippi and Ohio. I was going to reumrk, in reply to the suggestion that I differed so nnnh from everybo.ly else, that I did .so also when I wrote thai report in IS.,7, uo other had given the subject any consideration. I might turn imt as near right now as then. 7'.'l. You wore the Krst explorer. Does that statement substantially ngrce with your report ot lS-,7yl-Ye8; except in tlils, thni 1 did not raise then the ipu'stinu of inter-provincial boundary. I was claiming the country for Canada as a whole. Jii/ Jlr. J>c CoKiinis : 7'22. You stated that licenses were granted to Montreal Companies to trade in tlw Indian territory. Wlio granted the licenses, to whom were they granted, and where was the eastern boundary of the ,>() territory ':'-The licenses were granted under the Lnpcrial Act of im, which had been passed in conse- quence of the troubles and bbioilshed that had occurred there between the two companies, tho North- West Company of Montreal ami the Hudson's I'.ay Company. The license was grm.ted by the Lnpcrial Goveniment, and these two companies united mul settled their differemes. The first license to exclusive trade with the L.dimis was granted to the North-West (^'ompany of Montreal, the Kight Honorable Eilward ]-:ilis and others (conjointly with the Hudson's Iky Company), who afterwards became the striuu'cst advocates of the <'laims of the Hudson's ]5ay Company, of which they had previously been the strongest opponents. The actual boundaries of the territory were not definitely described any more than thoy bad been at any ]irevious period. Conmiittee adjoimied. The (Winiittec met. Mr. W. !il( I). L).v\ys()X re-called and fiu-ther examined :— 70:3 Hid^'t'ou em'' see Mie lease that was made o the North-West Fm' Company of Montreal for trading in furs^ in th. Indian territories V-You mean tho lease that was made to them jointly with the Hudson's IJav Company? . ,• lo.jc ti „ 724. Yesy-I have seen it. It was made on December Gth, 1821, and was resigned in l.s-ls, three years before tho time at which it would have expired. Bi/ Mr. Trow : , . . , .1 . .1 vr *i, '^'^ 725 mat object had tho company in resigning the lease ?-Tho object stated was that the North- West Company had sold out to the Hudson's Bay Company, but in fact the fonner company became in- corporated with tho latter. 726 Wh^pofers,' under the joint lease to tho North-West Fur Company, and to Ihe Hudson's Bay Company, dd these companies exercise in the country in question; were they territorial powers or powerrtral ?-They were simply and exclusively powers to trade with the Indians The true ol^ec f Te^; 1 ng tho lease w'as, I may say, to bhnd the eyes of the Canadian people by - ^^ ;PP- ^^^' ,1 this comitrv that had been leased to them as Indian territory came m fact under their charter. 106 Al'I'KMlIX or Mwrniiiv. »,■<: II. KvillclU'C iiiiiiiiittic i>r lllllHc III' Clllllllllllln, Clllllllil, Mmvli, 18«0. Eviili'iii'i' III Mi.Wiii.M, I). Dawsiiii 1)1' Tlllir KivclH. 1(» 20 30 40 7','7 Will3ou,.xplninnHn..arn8youca,i ovor wimt arm of ,...u„try th.-v tmd.ul ; nn.\ over wh.r aim ym thmk tho.v lunl a n>ht t., f,,ul.. C-You nu.u. th. tw„ ,.n,n,,ani..s jointlv. <-H \..,HW_Tlu.y tnul...! ovor i.u...i«,.ly tlio «a,n.M.ount.'.v as tl... two ...'xni-uui,.. luul tru.U.,! over Wfor. w hon «..,araf.. Tl.o North-W««t Co,u,.any tra.l.l. for instu,.,.... in .u,.....i.,. to th. Fivn-l ov t .. who!.. ..ou„,,v IV..,, Lako Superior, fi.-Ht to th- Itoeky Mountains, an.l aft.rwar.ls through the .l«.ov..n.. of Su. Al..xan,I..r Maokun^i... to th. North S.a l,v .h. Ma,.|..n.i., Uiv., and to th. 1 u fl li.v tht' Kraser Uiv.u- and the Colunihia. Provi^f '■ r Tl" *';"V?;''"' ";"',"" '^'' •' """ •''"""•" ^'*'' ""• ^•■'"•"l'*"'" '•»• ^i"-''- -""l "- Mantin.o n„vin.vsy_Ih..ytrml..,lfron, Lako Suporior t- tl,,- I'a.iti. and to tho North H,,i. Tli." North- West (.om,.an.v. ,n HU..,vss,on to the Fn.n.h, wm. the first to do so. Th.. Hudson's Hav Conipanv .nad. th-ir Bav l!!'for!"tll!r ""'""' "' ^' ' *• '''''"' '"'^ '""''■ *""'"" '"'"' ''" "'""■'"■ *''■'"" """ ^'"""^ "^ '^'"l-- //// J//'. Jioi/,,/ : 7W. 15ut it is a tWt that the fur-tmding posts of th. Fron-h ha.l Ikh-p estal.lishod in that part of Canada bofon, the cession of tl... country to Enghindl- Most un.loubtedly. Then- was Fort ]5ourbon Rod r '"T; W •" ''t''''T\' '""' ''" ''"•'"'•'•"•' Maurcpas. Fort Honge, and otho. ^n the Kod H.ver, tho Wninipoj.. Uainy l.ak.-. otr. ; ail thnso were ostablinhed before the French ceded the c 'iiiir r\ • Jii/ Mr. Troir : 1 ' ''^; .V''I ^'""; "1 ''"'"■ "■"'""'*• '^""'''"" "'" ^"''••'♦>' "^ *'"' "o'l-""'-^ 15'iy Company's Charter P I expla„.ed tha in the hrst part of my evid..nce. Tlu- validity of tlie Hudson's lia^- C^„npan^•'s Cliarter had been a Hubject of questum before. I ignored that controversy altogether. I kdnuttLl the validity of the.r (, barter so ar as it nuule then, a chartered company, but I denied that it covered the temtories eded by Kance, wln..l> were oecupied in succession to the French by (^anadians, British and F^e I together, and became known as the Iiulian territories. //// Mr. lioiidl: r.Vi.l suppose you have noticed tlie evidence given before this Oonimittee by judges on the effect of proclamafons and comnnssions to Governors. You have in your h.t eviJcnce referred to these eommissunrs in connection with this question v_Yos, I remark upon it, that since I was before the Committee on Friday, my attention has been called to the fact that some lion, judges who were examined do not attach much impoi^ance to descriptions in Governor's commissions or even nrocla- mations that would over-ride boundaries established by law. But my contention does not conliict with his : Allien Upper Canada was cutailed on the west by the commission issu.nl to Lord Dm-liam in 18<«, It was in stnct accordance with a specific provision of law; and when it was by the same instrument exteiided on the north over a part of what could not but be deemed as appertaining to the Hudson s Bay Company's Ten-itory, there not only was „o law cinlaM, but the dec! had been alrcadv >u .'fleet, accomplished and all but completed by the Act of 1821 extending the jiu-isdiction of the i'rovince ovor it. I assume that Lord Durham's commission correctly designated the limits of the Provinces to the government of which he was appointed under very exceptional circumstances. It is needless to refer to these circumstance further than to say that they were euoh as to cause the deepest anxiety to the Bntish Government, and to ensure to every act affecting the interests of the country, the closest and most careful supervision, men, then, wo find under these circumstances a most careful and studied revision of the boundaries by which these Provinces lia.l been continuously designated for 47 years previous, I am compelled to assume that the change was an intentional, a deliberate, and a legal one effected at a time when the state of this country made every Act in relation to it a matter of great care' andanxiey. I must therefore ha'.e undergone the most anxious consideration of the whole Cabinet, and been found both exTedient and entirely within the powers of the Crown, under the ablest advice and the best legal acumen the British Government could command. lor 'u',v tmdiMl ; M, ! „v,.f what itl.v. I'oininiiiii.H Imd \tai\vt\ over U'ciH-iioii (i) till. Kiciii'U oviT utl iil'terwiinlH tliri)ugh the <• Hivcr, mill to th.' racifiu il' Uurl)(Miiiiiltli,. Miiritimo rlh M..11. Til.' North- West N Miiv {'i)m)iniiv iiiiuli' their rum the Mlii)ri.,s i,{ llmlsoa's cstalilislioil ill tliiit piiH of Tlu-r.' wius l-'ort JJoiubou, Itouge, and othura ou tho oro the French ooded the y Coiiiimny's Charter P I 's Bay ('oiiiiiauy'rt (Jliarter . I achiiittod the validity t it coverod the temtories diiiiKs, liritiwh and French by juilges on the effect of •idence referred to these t since I was before the le hoii. judges who were iiiuissious or even proola- ion does not coiiHict mth mod to Lord Dnrliani in •hen it was by the same ed as aijpertaiuiug to the le deed had been already, g the jurisdiction of the i of the I'rovinees, to the It is needless to refer to 10 dee23est anxiety to the country, the closest and most careful and studied designated for 47 years iborate, and a legal one, it a matter of great care )n of the whole Cabinet, ler the ablest advice and I Witli these tacts ostabliNhed, thi-rel'ore, no oxiiert in su.li nrntterw, with this dewriiition bi-fore him, ..^'Vi^MnlJ^, oan, I think, for a moment licNitate in laying down the Ixmnilnries of Uj.jier < Canada, under wliiili hi-r - — distinct autonomy, both wpanite and in Union with Lower Canada, had been cfmtinuously reeof^nised Kvi.l.iiio for al)out ; 11 » years before the luisNing of the 15.N.A. Act, wiih that mafheniatieal iireciHion tliat leaves |'',V,''„i'i,^,^",t no doubt. Tiiere may be room for argument on ,,■ • jioint, on wiiii ii the de(«eri|itiou is not fully closed, |!;;,','"",",|^^ but not ol NUlflcient force to create a rational doubt. The northerly and easterly boundaries nit^ llrst Cumula, dcRiribed, and the most northerly limit is the Nhore of llud.soiis Hay on a line eontinued due north kvI.i, ,1, o of ' tron, the head of Lake Tcmiscaminguo ; the south end south-westerly kmrnlaries are then described, and pl,;^l"lf!lt^' the most westerly 1 . is the commeneement of Lake Suiierior; you can go no farther, the shore of TlnwKlvom. Hudson's Hay is the limit on the ma'th; tii- eiitraiiee to Ijake Hui>eiior is the limit on the west; 10 you can only close the boiiiidiirien by connecting tlie.se two iioints, and there is lait one rational way to do it, by jiroducing from yoiu- last-named western limit a westerly boundary, i»avallel to the eastein, to the other objective iioint, the ^//o/r of Hudson's IJay : your only alternative wiaild be to connect y/is/iiirf hlrjifiti/ with wliicii, with that specitic description and these boundarii's, it entered ( 'onfederation, and no i>re-existing state of things or past history can shake it. I would only further observe that tlie large northerly addition thereby maile to the Province of ^0 Ultper ("anada enibraces a very extensive and valuable territory, a considerabl(> portion of it lying south of some very tine Lower Canada settlements, with a degree of westing that also favors its climatic character, while it abounds with coal or lignite and other minerals of great economic value. I would call the attention of the Committee to another ]M)int that may have escajied notice, which is, that (it t/if irri/ tiiiw when tiiis somewhat revised boundary was iiuubt in IHMM, the alfairs r)t' the Hudson's Bay Company, and the joint lessees representing the Canadian interest were also under discussion before the Imperial (government on the ([uestion of resigning the first lease and obtaining a renewal, whitli renders it all the more unlikely that there was any misimderstauding on the part of the Imperial X'inisters as to what they were doing. It will also be observed that the Act of 1S,;1, authorised the license of trade in the Indian 30 temtories, " not being part of the lands or teiTitories heretofore granted " to the Hudson's Bay Coniiuiny, and yet, the license when issued, while making all the other exceptions named in the Act, did not except the Hudson's Bay Com[)aiiy"s territ(a'ics; and why this was so, as must tirike the most casual observer, was that to get o share in the trade of the Canadian North- West, the Hudson's Bay Company consented to the Canadian Company sharing the trade of their chartereil territory, and tbo fact that this was all a second time under iliscussion during the great crisis in <,'auadian history (iu I'^i.^) wiien tlie amended boundaries of the Provinces were described, shows >hat the matter obtained the fullest consideration. Bii Mr. Roxs : 7',\']. In what year did that description first appear 'r — IH.'JH. 40 7;J4. Thi.t was Lord Durham's commission. In subsequent changes from 1838 to 1867, the year of Confofleration, the Government of the old Parliament of Canada exercised jurisdiction north of Lake Superior— did they not —in the region of Thunder Bay ?— They did, I think, justifiably. 7;i5. You say they did, according to the commission of Lord Durham i*— They did, notwithstanding the commission. 736. On your contention now, they would have no right to exercise jurisdiction north of Lake Superior, that is, it was outside their commission if they did. On what ground do you consider they exercised jimsdiction v— By the Act of 1803 and the Act of 1821, which were not repealed. 737. That Act of 1803 was the Act which gave them a criminal jurisdiction, and the Act of 1821 was confirmatory of that. But, besides, did not the two Provinces exercise jurisdiction in another way ? 50 Did they not expend money in the construction of works in that pait of the country, oU tlie Dawson Kviili'iii given lii'l'di-i' rumiiii Ml. W 108 oi.Maj.mtui.a. routo, for lustancor' How could thoy tax peoplo of tho old Ipgislativo union for tlio construction of .s,„, II. public works outside of what was jiart of cither the Trovinco of Ontario or of tiuchcc r*— I think they '^'^'''^' justiilcd in (loins' so, seeing: tliat llic jurisdiction of 'li.' country was entirely in their hands, t have ji„„„,iP"'' '^'."''"'"''^ ^''" «ight. Wo want to know the legal status of Ontari 10 ui M,;'l). lUw,,,,,,, < lie West?'— It was tiie United Provinces of Tpper and Lower Canada that e.\erci.scd tliat jurisiUction, Kiv.iT '""\ *'\'' '"^^' f^'"^'' ''^'1 1'^ ^vcll as criniiunl jui-isdic'tiou over that and the wiiole of the Indian 10 territories, <■"!!>. Lord Durlianrsconinii.ssion, according (o your contention, woidd entitle him to exercise juris- diction to tlie extr.'Mie east of Lake Superior. In the face of that .■oiunii.ssion, however, lie and successive governors have exercised jurisdiction all along the noi+li shore. For instances tlie unole of my Hon. friend (Mr. liolanson) entered into a treaty with the Indians along the north shore, and that is the treaty that sometimes gives us a littl.' troul.le, tlu> treaty of IS.jO with regard to the contention of the Hudson's Bay Company, hocauso there is a tacit admission in that treaty that the comimny liad a right to como down to the height of laiul for which th.>y (the (Janadiaii authorities) lu^gotiatod witli the Indians for the disjiosnl of a part of those lands. On what authority could tlu>y act if they ilid not feel tluur Commissions (entitled thorn to go fm^her west V— It is stated, in tlu^ case mad(! for Ontario in the present controversy, that this 20 purchase was made under a spi.cial permission granted hy tlr* British (Jovernmont in 1S.',(). The lunght of land l.eing the limit of that jiurclias,., creates no title in the territory beyond it for tlio Hudson's Bay (Jomjiany, and the mere statement in the Treaty is oidy a part of tho prevailing ignoraiUH" on the subject that had got hold of 7uen's minds since 1821. Had the Treaty said territory covered by the "lease" instoafl of " charter," it would have been more accurate. Tlie distinction had simply been lost sight of. do. Willie you were in Knghmd, (hd you ever discuss these matters with other pensons in authoritv besides Lord Lytton r*— I have discussed this matter in regard to the boundaries, as rc^gards the view I have taken of the past history of it in • reports, with the gentleman who liad bi'en jiriiicipal geographer of the British Lmpire for a very leng aened period, Mr. An-owsmith, ond who liad made all tho maps and jdans for the Hudson's Bay Conii)any which designated our boundaries as being the height of 30 land; ond he entirely and absolutely concurred with me that there wils no authority whatever for making the height of land the boundary. He said ho liad put that boundary, simply at tlieir (tho luiited Comiiany's) rwpie.st, upon tho map of the old North- West Company of Canada, a copy of which I have referred to in the tirst part of my evidence as having been long on record iu the Crown Lands Department. Jii/ Mr. lio.s>i : 741. What maps do you think the members of tho English Parliament liad before them when they passed t'l,. Ouebec Act of 1774— when tlun- tlwMi settled a boundary 'r- I could not say, exccjitiiig from ■what information is before the Committee, nioro than that I presume all previous ma]is of the French and English were before them. [ think tho investigation made by Mr. Dovine, which ho has 40 consolidated in tlie ma]) now befon' the Committee, seems on the whole to be very com>et. 742. I see you made sonu^ reference to the Mississipi)i as then known? Jlr. Wililnit : — Ht* says what was then the Mississippi is now the Missouri. Wifncxs : — All the maps, without exception, confirm that view. Ji;/ Mr. lioxn : 1 4.J. You make the Btatement further iu your ovidouce that a line drawn northward along tho Mississippi, now tlu; Missouri, would not reach the southern boundary of tho Hudson's Bay Company'c territory as tlicn known ?— (Jei-tainly not ; neither would tho line on the course of what is now recognised as the actual Mississippi strike tlie territory of tho Hudson's Bay Comiiany. 60 Bjf Mr. liohiiixoii : ' 44. It would go otf to the west ':'— Yes. 109 Bii Mr. lloxii : 745. Anil aldU}? tlio Missdiiri it would furtlur wvst of (lir Hudson's Bny ronipiiny's tcrritorv ':'■ Yo8, V(TV fill' ; but liy the MiHsissi|i]ii, as it is now, tlic lin(> would tliouf,'! !i of course not so iiir, si ;ti!l a Ion}? way west of what was then rccognist'd as tht> Hudson's Hay Comiiany's tciTitoi ICS. 740. Can a Governor's eonunission alter a lioundary 'f — As an exercise of tlie royal jn'orogativo, when the law specially allows it, 1 think so ; wiicre it is an ( •xteusion out of ten-itory not otherwise organizi'il, and the law doi's not forhid i(, 1 tliiuk so ti I woulil lieg to state that I givi' these answers without having any more interest in (iueliei^ than in Ontario, and siniidy as an c.'7»/7 giving jio.Shible detinition of the descriiitions laid before me. Jti/ Mr Tniir : the only ArrKNDix (iKMANnmiA. s,.-. II. Kviili'iii (• ^ivfii I'i'Curu L'liiiiiiiitti.'oot' llmisi' (if ('nlllllinllH, Ciiiincla, Miuvli, 1S80. ICviili'iicc of .Mi-.Wiii. Mel). Diuvsiiii 111 'I'linc KiviTs. 10 747. The intention of the (iuebec Act in defining the western IxnuKhiry was for the jmriio.se of in- cluding certain settlements west of Lake Superior, was that wav. Tl lere was a ( distincl province, llli IIOIS it not':' — I could not say what the intention was at that period, which lies east of the Mississi]iiti, I was undoubtedly jiart of New Krance, but may not have been part of Canada. lUll- . . the houudarv l)etwe(>n 1 If. i. „...., - — ~ , ■ - , . Now Franco and Louisiana 'r* — It became the boundary hct ween Canada and Ivouisiann hy treaty after- wards. 740. AV'hat was called New Frau<'e by the French extended to the Mississipj)! r*— Ni'W Fiance was the generic term for the whole of the French possessions, which included Louisiana. 7r>(». Hut it did not include Leuisiana 'r— It incliuled Ijouisiaiia and Canada both; the wlmle was calltid New France. Hjl Mr. Rohiiixoii : i:>\. In your statement to us the other st esteem, but simply that they had not made th.Muselves masters of the subject; in whieli they wore only like som(> of their predecessors, for I cannot but remember that in lSr,S, after the report I had written one year previous was fidly before the c.mutry, the then Provincial Secretary, Bpeakiug in rarlian'ient as the mouthpiece of the Government, after a very olociuent speech on the beauties of the North- West Territories, and a truthful assertion of my concliLsions that tlieywi.ro part of French Cana.hi at the time of the cession in 170:{, nevertheless read the description of the boundaries of the first Province of (iuebec as conveying the only title wo had, and declared that wo wore not legally eutitle.l to a foot of territory beyond it. I asked liini under wliat title we held T.H'onto, in which the Legislature was then sitting, which, of eiuirse, gentlemen hero now are well aware, was not within the first Province of (iuebec, but so givat was i\w ignor- ance prevailing at the time he did not even know what I meant. I am boiuid to say, therefore, that tlio Dominion cassis utterly imsound and something more than that, for, after (Canada, before ConfcHleration, and tho Dominion after it, had claimed the North-West Territ.u'ies, and acpiired whatever interest the Hudsim's Hay Comi.any had there or elsewhere, it amounts to this, that by the pressure of two pow(n-ful Governm.-nts"we had comi.elled them to part with their possessions, and now acknowledged that their titlo was imdisputablo, that wo had, in fact bvdlied these gentlemen into parting with property for a song whicli was worth hundreds of millions, and mad.3 it the basis of an empire. To shovv how strong impres- sions sometimes get hold of men's minds that cannot easily be got rid of, I notice that my ostoomed friend the Deputy Minister of the Interior, has giveu evideuco before this Committee ui which ho gives as a quotation from the Hudson's Bay Company's charter, the following words:-" Extending over and •' including all lauds aud territories drained by the waters emptying into iludsoa'a Bay ;" whereas there 20 30 40 50 Ai'i'Ksnix OP Manitoba. Sec. 11. EvitU'iioe j{ivt"i liefoi'o Cdiiiinitteo of House of CoininoiiH, Caimiliv, March, ISSO. Evidence of Mi-.AViii.McD. Dawson, of Three Rivers. 10 20 30 40 60 110 ore no suoli words in it, nor anything that, as I would translate that very absurd document, could possibly bear such a construction. Bi/ Mr. lioHH : 752. You say there are no such words in the charter ? — There are no such words. You will find somethinp: else in the charter by wliich, provided thoy could reach it tlirougli Hudson's Straits, they coiddjust ns riglitly claim Hong Kong, wliich (rrcat Britain liad since taken possession of. The charter provided that the company could make war on any Iieatlien nation, and acquire their territory, but it restricted them from acquiring a right to any temtory they found in possession of a Christian Prince or People. Bn Jlr. Wvhhn : To-'J. You gave evidence before a Committee in Jime, 18.J7. You then stated as follows, speaking of the De lleinhardt trial: " De lleinhardt was found guilty and sentenced to death, but although the court refused to re-consider its decision, yet the reasoning of Messrs. Stuart and Vallicre was so clear tliat tlie judges deemed it expedient that the execution should be delayed till tlio decision of the Imperial Government could be had upon the question of jurisdiction. Tlie actual reasons given by the Imperial Government I have not been able to get at, but I know that wlien the decision was given, the prisoner was released, and that the question submitted was that of jurisdiction, as above stated." Where did you get that information ? — I searched for the despatch by which De lleinhardt had been released. I searched the Governor General's office, where I found an index giving its number ; but that alone of all the papers was wanting from the place wliere it shoidd have been. I have since heard that the late Colonel Gugy of Quebec made a searcli in the records of tlie Quebec Court House, since burnt, and there discovered that the cause given for the release of De Reinhardt was that the nuu-der resulted through wliat was kno^vii as a private war. B;/ Mr. lio>/'i/ : 754. Between two civil companies? — Yes, tlie North- West and Hudson's Bay Companies. I am aware, otlierwise, from reading other authorities on the subject, that it was known by the British Government as a jirivate war. B;/ Mr. Wchloi, : 755. It seems that you were leaving the (piestion of jurisdiction open here. Tlie contention seems to liave been whetlier the place where this murder Avas committed was in tlie Indian Temtory or within the Province of Upper Canada. The whole question turned upon that, and Messrs. Stuart and Valliere's argument is entirely upon that point, and so was the decision of Chief Justice Sewell. I thought you might give us some information as to whether that question had been before the Imperial Government ? — No doubt it had, but there appears to have been no decision further than that the man was released upon the other ground. 756. I see you, on the same occasion, when the question, " Have you made the ^arly and present boundaries of Canada a particular subject of study ; if so, state the result ? " was put to you, your answer was, " The early boimdaries of Canada or Now France included, I think, the whole of Hudson's Bay, for I find all that part of the country granted to a trading company by the King of France, in a charter somewhat similar, but forty-tliree years earlier than the charter of the Hudson's Bay Company." How did you ascertain that ? — It is in the history oi the time that France liad granted charters extending to the North Sea — wherever it might be foimd — previous to that. I have also shown in the document I liad Avritten previous to that evidence that such a charter was granted by France, and that the maps of Hudson's Bay produced by the French previous to the existence of the Hudson's Bay Company were the first that really showed the conformation of Hudson's Bay at all. Bn Mr. Boijal: - 757. Those charters given by the French were merely trade licences for a very short period — five years, I think Y — Precisely. Bji Mr. Rm.s : 758. You have no other written documents in your possession containing your opinions on the question than this report P — No. I disoussed the subject a great deal (and there are some documents Ill absurd document, could a very short period — five 10 20 b.,tli wrltt-n nud ,.volmblv luiutod upon if) ^vith tl... uuthoriti.s in K.,ol„nd, both with Lord Ly ton and tlu. Duk.. of X..w.astlo, wbeu lio became Colonial Minister; and 1 may ^ay I was also mistamed by lum in the view I have take... as will be fom.d by the E-.g-lish //...wr,/, i.. the spec), he made ... the ll..use of Ti^ii-ds. 7^.. Th.^te,!"reo..se,.s,isof opini-m here was that th. ..orlhen. bo.md..ry of O.itario was the hHgl.t .,f la..d; M... Dawso,. evidently goes to the sho,. of n,ulso,.-s l^ny^-^ do that m.der the conm.issio,. to Lo.,i l).uh.un. Previo.is to that I hold it only extc.ded to s.u.h po.nt as Lranee occ.p.ed under the Treaty of Ttvecht, in eo..triidistinetion to what was then ceded to Lngland. 70.; I an. ,h..l we have ,ot that out. I wanted to k..ow o., wh.d gro.u.ds you based that co.de... ti„„ , vou contcd that we go now to the shore of nudso,.-s lUy, o,. Lord D.^ham s '-'"'"-;-•- 1 rcc si.h- We did before go to whatever might ^.e eon>id..red to have been the bo.md.uy created h, the i;:.r;ofr;r.li betweefthe French. p.-«sions and the English ; b,.t the height of h...d was never made a bom.da.y. 701. M::^)aw!!lnt'iu.etension is th..t the bound.uy of Upper Can.da was defined by Lord Durham's fon.n.ission of ls;iS, was recognized -md continued .b.w,. to Confederation, .vnd the I'rovmce of Untaxio I: ut onfederaio,. as tl^ Province of Tapper Canada, defined i,. L.rd l),.ham's Conmnss.on .- ;^:V;he olrio case, I would observe, accepted that dcth.ition on ening of tlie route by the sending of the mail, and making preliminary improvements between Thunder Bay and lied River. Ih/ Mr. Jiobiiixnii : T()7. Were you consulted bj' or did you fmiiish any infoiTiiation to the authorities of either the Local or Dominion Govenmients to be made use of by the Ai-bitrators in the matter ? — No ; I must sny it very often seems to be the habit of Governments not to consult those who know most about th(> case that has to be dealt with. Seo. III. Rejioit of T. K. Riinisav, <,^c.,Mai.ir, REPOllT OF T. K. RAMSAY, Es«., (i.O., ON THE NORTHERN AND WESTERN ^ '^' LIMITS OF ONTARIO. MoxiHKAi., IStli March, ISTii. Silt. — 1 beg leave to enclose my Report on tlie question submitted to me as to the Northern and Wester7i Limits of the Province of Ontario. 1 have condensed the Report as nmch a.s possible ; but as my statements may not apjiear altogether 20 satisfactory, not being always based on preci.se authority, I have added notes contaiTiing i)roofs and illustrations in support of the conclusions at which I have arrived. Some of these may, ])erhaps, go into greater detail than is absolutely required, but in my investigations of the confused and often contradictory narratives of the early voyages to, and settlements in Hudson's Bay, I was obliged 1o examine all these details, and having done so, it was scarcely more ditficidt to reduce the whoh? result of my researches to writing than to separate the more from the less (>ssential parts. In the fonn in whicli these notes are jir^'sented. it is hoped they may interest, even where they do not instruct, those who may hereafter require to make use of tlie accompanying work. I ha\'e the honor to be, Sir, your obedient servant, T. K. RAilSAY. 30 To the Honorable A. Camimiki.i,, R.M.G., P.C, &(i., &c., &c., Ottawa. REPORT. A difficulty liaving arisen as to what are the true Nor(h(un and Westeni boundaries of the Province of Ontario, and the (piostion having been referri'd to me for my opinion, I beg leave to report the result of my investigations. 1. The limits of the Province of Ontario are uefiiied in T/ir British Xortli Ani'rir'iii Act, 1S()7, as being such part of the Province of (Canada, at tlie passing of the said Act, as formerly formcil the Province of Upper Canada. We have, therefore, to enquire what were the limits of Ui)per Canada piior 10 to the Legislative Union of I'pper and Lower Canada in 1840. 2. The pf)sition taken by the Government of Canada is, tliat the Northern and Western boundaries of the Province of Ontario are identical with so much of those laid down in the Ouebec Act (1-1 Geo. HI., cap. 83), as being the limits of the old Province of (iuebee, as would not include the former Pnn'iiieo of Lower Canada. That is to say, the westeni boundary of Ontario is tlie mondi.an passing through the point of junction of tlie Ohio and Mississippi rivers (now ascertained to be 8!) 0' 27" »• ll:') AnT.Ninx Department over wliich tlio i)art (if such olHcer. nsioiis of the Ilddson's t may seem harsh, does T have never received liiiig the ()])eiung of tlie Thunder 13ay and Ren where tliey do nk. T. K. RAMSAY. indaries of the rmvince eavo to report the result Aiifrinni Art, 1S()7, as as formerly formeil the of Ui)per Canada juior ind Western boiuidaries n in the (iuebee Ai't j would not include the Dntarin irj the meridian 31-taiuod to ho 89' f)' 27" lowest) north of the United States and south of the Hudson's liay territories ; and its northern bound. sthesoutluvnboundarvof the territory granted to "The Merchant Ad vcutmvrs ot Eng and tradu.g to ^^^^ Hudson Bav," w..st „r 'the line of division between the former Provinces of Upper and Lower ( anada ^^^^^^^^^ I, is furth.;. contended that tlu. southcnn.m.lary of the Hudson s Bay terntoryjs tl.he.gh ,d^^ ,.k H..ay. dividing the wat.,-rs which llow into lludson-s Bay from those emptymg int<. the valley ot tie , t. .^.^_ ^^''^^r^::L:::^:"o;tiario dalms t^t tl. b . - very di«erent " from the ot. set fortl. . bythel ovcrnnun. of Canada; and that the western boundary .s at least to be detcrnnned (north . Se United States and south of Hudson's Bay territory), by a Ihu^ drawn north from he Bouroe of he M.];, I that the northern boundary of d. V. Inl ^ ;.^h the (buennuent of Canada, in get>eral terms, that th, ..ut hern boundary of the Hu-Uou s t V t m-i H i. the.m.rthern boundarv of Ontario, the Govevnnu-nt of that Province .Iocs no howescr, Bay te nto h > ;„^,. ^^.„^^.^^ ,^ ;,.,. iiudson's Bay fro„> the waters talbngmto t^ ': w u - t^^. g tikes I that boundary On the eot.trary, they claim that the boun ary . tl no 1 wate^hed, according to th,- contentions of all fonner Govenmumts, aud by the 1 1 f ts th. 1 e northern boutuLv lies north of the wat.ashed of the St. Lawrence systetn. '^'^:^^%^:^Z^^^^ further contends that there are grounds b. n.ait.aining the contet.jou o, ,,;idovermaentsof Cana.la, that the western boundary is further west than the hue drawn due ^^ Tr'^^'i;''"^;: 1 .;;t;;;t tl. nab.iinitedescripti t,. pretensions of the Ontario t^™;^! cp^y-t!,the contentions of fonuer Govennueuts of Cata,da, prior to conlcder.tton wm V Wn^ rcLltl Former contentions ..annot bind in any way the Don.unou <-ve..nnent, a^ ^ --. .om ev.y consideration. .0 .™. Oov^^^ ^. . ^n. .^^ ^^^ , ^-^'^^:: \: • :,;:;:^. r;::^ ; ll ;;:' \lL .e^^tance of tl. dam. of tl. Hudson, which they po.se:,. 0, but ti ; - i ^ ; , j,^,^.„^ ,^„.,.„,ies (.'). The real cpxestion 30 BayC.mipanytotherenewa oi .lea. kd iu ^^^^^^^ ^^^^^^^^^^^ ^^^ ^^^^ now is, as to wla. ^^^^^^^ (ad. ^ The Danbuou^ a-Venm.ent is not liable for the ^^'^^ wlucb h.ed that ot l.p ;■' ^^_ ^,, .^,,^^. ,^,,,,i„„, ,f ,Ue ^-'^':^;T'^ZZ:Tv^^r!:^^^. On the contrary, the title of the Ihrdson's .eport which was ^''^'^^f^' 2 S da as lither bounded by a few isolated posts ot. the shore 40 tt^S; iCt Jr;t t:^::::^^i:^^^ - th. direction, t^t to tl. west ^^da deludes the ^""r;;::t':l'^— ul^uSl^^tun.^ of discovery. So long as the coldest was ,,. ibcluu.otaigtmi(nT ^^.^^^^ ^^^^^^ ^^^ ^^^, ^i^oovery, however e..Hed on between wo mde end.nt ^^^^ ^ ^^^^ ,,, ,,,.,. ,,, ,,„ie title centres in one "^^V^^^J^ q'-tlm becomes sittq-lified, and the facts to be considered ac quire a more conelustve ,^r.^^eu the l)o,ninion Govevnnent a.ul the Govenauent of the I'.ovhno of Ontario. (o) M. Cam-lu.n's R-iu.it in IS,--.?, Canmhi and the In.lians, " the height of Ian,! •' is .le: \^) l-''^-'^'TT,i^':^e::;rh:;i'^v^^ Honou,.Me ^he Hu,,.on-s ,^y Compu.y H-o,.. the Oa, , that vvhi.l. ^.■l-v.urs U,. tv ^^^^^^ ^^^--^^^^^^ ^^ ^^^^ j__^,.^__^_ ,\Uii'h the 114 :,;» ■•■i Al'I'KNlPlX okMamiiiiia. Str. III. RelKiit (il T. K. KiiiMHiiv, (.I.e., Maiili, I8r;i. 10 2^^ 30 40 50 chnrncfpr. It is the no<>l(>ct to oltsorvi' this distinction wliich jjivcs tlii' dilflcnlt iisiM-ct to llic (jut'stiou bcfovo us. The iittcmiit liiis liccn to sulnuit to Icgnl aiiiucciiition, invtmsions \vlii( h iiltcr yciiis of t'luit- Icss (liiiloniMcy, \vi>iv only disjioscd of hy foive {note A). Were th(» iniestion ii n<'\v ono, I sliould not stoi> oven for an instant, to iMKjuiiv wlio first discovert'd mid took possession r)f the lands round lliulson's Bay, or liow far tlie French iiusIhmI tlieir discoveries in tlie west ; hut from the hent j;iven to (he discussion, I cannot wliolly ignore the line of argument involvhig these matters, although the conclusions at whicii I arrive will not he uiateriiilly influenced hy it. 7. The historical arginuent <)h C). It would not be iliiflcult to make numerous extracts from ancient grants in unsettled eountries to show that the grant of lauds adjacent to a river was understood to be those drained by such river. A few instances will suffice. In a letter in the Paris MS. Yol. S, p. 000, limiting the extent of the post of Temiskamingu(>, we fiiul : " Ce n'est point I'intentiou dv Sa Maje.stc d'aftermer sous lo nom de Temiskamingue plus de deux cent. " lieues des pays qui faisoient ci-devant la majeiu-e partie du commerce de Montreal, puisque cela tend a la ruinede cette ville. Son intention etait d'affenuer lo seul post de Temiskamingue dans c(>s limites (jui uaturellement doivent ccuisistin- dans les terres arrosees de la rivier(> do ce nom et des aiitres (jui se dcchargcnt dans la dite riviere ; sans (pie I'on pui.sse c(nuprendre les teiTos qui soiit au dessiis ni an dess(ms de Ir. "dite riviere." The grant to the Hudson's Bay Company was of the lands and territories on the confines of certain Bays, Lakes, llivers, Creeks, and Sounds. So com- pletely was it under.stood that tlie watershed is the limit of a grant described by rivers, lak.'s,"or bays, that even the use of the word "liighlands" in such a grant or in a treaty w-ill be controlled so as to mean such an elevation as divides the flow of the Vimters. In the decision of the King of the Netherlands upon the disputed points of Boundary under the Fifth iNj'ticle of the Treaty of Ghent, between (Jreat Britain and the Ignited States of America, ll.M. said: "Sek.n les exeinples allegiies le " teiTue lliglilands s'api)li(iue non seulement a un pays montueuxmi eleve, niais ei^eoro a un temiin qui "sans etiv montueux, separe des eaux coidant dans uno direction ditterente, et qui ainsi le canictere plus "on moins montueux et eleve du pays a travers lesquelles sont tirees les deux lignes lespectivement " rechiniees, au nerd et mi midi de la llivicre St. John, ne saurait faire la base d'line option entre elles." In M. 15obe's (r- Bole) memoir (1) resiieeting the boun;5, the name of "La Nouvelle (1) Mki-. to JI. du CUesiaau, lOtli May, 1678. Memoir 8 Nov,, 1686. Doc. IliHt. 9, Pore M.ir«»t Lcttros Ed. Nolle EJ. V.>1. VI., p. 4. (2) Vor. IIi.st. 9., 910 Uo •ult ns]M'ct t(i the (jUt'stidU wliidi iiltiT yciiih (if t'l'uit- *'W oiU', I sliould licit Mi>i> lids round Hudson's Bay, "ivcn to tlic discussion, I 1 the conclusions iit wliich iision to the limits of the iviuces wore oo-cxteiisive wholly Imd, iit all events )ssessed liy the snhjects of id lis jmi't of Lii \(iiin 7/r lie west, Canada extended ■r (1). ' thing to say that Canada 's around Hudson's Bay ilh La Nouvelle France Iving of France a right p discussing the question *i(m is utterly untenable 0th March, Kiol, gives , Noinellc France, Isles ieres qui se dechargent ou du cote du Sud et la inenie sorto et toute iimiission was also given ''ranee did not think that ofi (,'). It would not he . to show that the grant of L few instances will suffice. TeniiskainiiigU(>, we find : ningiu^ jilns de deux cent, iitreal, puisque (>ela ti-nd a inguo dans ces liinites qui noni et des autres qui se eiTes (jui sont au dessus iiuiiany was of the lands and Sounds. So coni- int described by ri\ers, nt or in a treaty will be n the decision of th(> King I'le of the Treidy of Ghent, on les exeni]il(>s allegues le lais eiicore a un terrain qui : qui ainsi le euractere plus deux lignes lespectivement e d'unc option entre elles. ' the name of "La Nouvelle ■nding from the 'W to the 5'2 degree of N. T^at. And 1 Prance " is given to that vast tract of country in 175.') Bellin, who was " Ingenieur de la marin(> et du dep.)t des Cartes Plans et Journaux et a>nseur " Royal, says ' La Bale d'llndson et les Pays voisons sont une grande ctenduet de cotes entre lo 07 et lo " ' .51 degrede Tjatitude Septentionale." {iiofi' D.) i). The question of priority of discovery of the Hudson's Bay, and of the temtories on the confines of the rivers and Lays ecmnected with the Hudson's Bay, does not appear to be in favour of French pretensions. If disco^■ery alone is to convey a title ^o either nation, the French pretensions must fall. 10. It is not denied {imf,- E) that Hudson .liscovered the bay which bears his name, (1) and that ho wintered there in KilO-ll. In the follo\ving year, Button, following in the path already traced by Hudson, discovered Nelson River, which lie named after his pilot, who (Ued during the expedition, and ho passed the winter of Kiri-IK in the bay. It would seem the faihu'e of these di.seoverer8, in their main object, to find a north-\vest passage, discouraged fm-thor enterprise in this direction, and (2) " the business slept fi'oni KiKi to 1G;U," while their attention was tm-ned towards the South. In WM Luke Fox went and ^nntered at Nelson Elver. James wintered in the Bay in WM-:\2 {notr F.) In l(iG7 or 16fi8, (Jillam, wth Des Grozeliers and Ba.lison, {not.' G) went to Hudson's Bay and established lum.self- at lluperfs river. On his retimi to England a Company was fomied which, under the name of " Tho Go^ mor and Company of Adventiu-ers of England trading into Hu.ls.m's Bay," obtained from Charles II. the famous Chiirter bearing date tlie 2nd May, 1070. In the same year the Company sent out au expedition to make a permanent establishment, ^vlth Mr. Bailey as Governor, and Fort Nelson was founded as the principal post. il. Tho French meet this, without denying the early discoveries of Hudson, Button, Fox, and James by saying (:3) that possession of unknown countries must bo taken by some formal act, such as plantin-'the'arms of the King wh.. claims a title to it ; that those travellers have left no account of their discoveries, and consequently it is not established that they ever took possession of the countries they are said to have visited, in the name of their Sovereign. They further pretend that in IC^O Jean Boimlon sailed from (iuebec and took possession of the Baie du Nord, and that this is proved by the register of the Council of New France of the 2Gth August, 16.30. That in 1001 the Indians of the North Bay came expressly to confirm the good understanding between them and the French, an.l asking for a Missionary and that Father Dablon went there in the same year. That there were expeditions of Couture and Duquet in lOOU ; and that the expedition at GiUani was led there by rebellious subjects who could convey no title, and that the very fact of Des Grozeliers and lladisson being able to lead the Lnghsh Captain Gillam there, shows that they had themselves been there before, and consequently '-^ acquired the ten.itory for the King. The French then proceed to relate the voyage of De Laii^on to Sault Ste Marie in 1071, and his formal taking possession in the name of the King o Franoewith the consent of seventeen nations, among whom were the Indians from Hudson's Bay. They also insist on the voyage of P. Albanel and St. Cimon in 1671-72. tt .i „ ' l-> This is an unfortunate answer. It either goes too far or not far enough. To get over Hudson and BvUton's discoveries, it cuts off the expeditions of Couture and Dmpet of which there are no fonna records. The same may be said of the overland expedition of Des Groze lers and lladisson. Prior to he voyage of Gillam in company with them, there is no record whatever of Des Grozehers and Itadissou ever havfng been at Hudson's Bay, nor is it even now said in what year they were there. It is a m re ZL in no way proved by their conducting Gillam to Hudson's Bay. The experience derived fr.,m rrrland joJej' even if it had taken place, could not have aided them in a voyage by sea. Again "anything were to be drawn fa-om the quality of these two adventurers as Frenchmen, by panty of reason ng - hould have to deprive Spain of .he results of C.^^^^ ^^'^r^s. The presence of a Al'I'KNDIX (IFM.VNUOU.V. See. HI. llcpnrt of T. K. Kainsay, (;.C., Miirch, 1873. 10 20 30 40 S\ipposed to bo written re Mivrost Lcttrea Ed. Nolle Eil. ' il) Map in GottfiWt, 16.55. Charlevoix 1, p. 476, Geracau 1. p. 139 % Ogilby'.s A,neri.a, published 1671. Freueh and English discoveries m America, Doc. Hist. 9. p. by Cbamplaiii, Am. Ed. note. „,,,„, iRar p M ana mei Danonvaiel See note signed Louis and lownr down Colbert, Doc. Hist. 9, 303. f 116 Al'l'KNDIX okManitoua Sw. III. Ri'Iioit ofT. K. Kaiusay, Q.C., March, 1873. foreiguor, even were he the loader of the expedition, would not niter its national character. Ilowovor, no mystwy attends the history of Jea- -noimlon's voyage in Um ^„otv H). Tlio evidence is eonipleto that neither ever reached Hud.son's Bay. Albnnel's (note J) jom-n.^y again, is too late to affect the question, and trading with the Indians {not,- K) from other countries in Canada cannot give a title to tlieir country. l;j. The answer of the French to the early discoveries of Hudson, Button {>w(,' L) Fox, and James, is unfounded. In the work attributed to Chaniplain, already quoted, (I) the map published by "tho English Captain " of his discoveries in 1012 is refeiTod to in 10;{2. Purchas also .saw tiiis map, and Jeremie (2) speaks of tho taking possession of Boiu'bon river by Nelson, and says that he planted a'poat 10 on which he exposed the arms of England, and a great board on which a ship was drawn. Ho also loft some trifling articles of which tho Indians profited in tlu* spring. Jeremie says, also, tlint tho English returned the following year; but it is more probable that they wintered at the Bay, for there it is said Nelson died, and Button gave his name to the river they discovered. Again, Fox, when he went thero in 1031, saw" quelquospetitsmouumensdusejour que Thomas Button (y) avait autrefois," {:)) In l(j;!5 Luke Fox published " Tho North- West," with a map ; and in 1033 James had ah-eady published his adventm-cs with a map. James' work was republished in 1740. 14. Wo have therefore two English voyages of discovery (those of Hudson and Button) well authenticated, more thon forty years before the voyage of Bourdon, of which there is no authentic mention till 168G, and then the account is evidently incorrect and witten with a purpose. Fox and 20 James' voyages to Hudson's Bay were both in imi, tho year of the pretended journey of Dablon, and two years provimis to the totally authenticated jouniies of Cii"rt ufT. they occu]>y at Hudson's Bay as for tho continuation of trade." (1) On the outli-w.'st ivnmincd unchaiig.Ml till 1771 r.'). It iuebided all the Bettlements of miy importance at that thue (imh X). IJiu'kr (:i) says "this boundary, fixed for the (}ovevnui.'iit. was so liei^auHi- it was thc^ boundary of the possession, and that the people of Canada ar.pti.'M'ed in it." (\) But "U this point, p.Thai.s, Burke was not a totally impartial witness, and ho probably e.\presse The br.undaries laid down by th.> Act were (b'lib..rately adopted after much discussion {(.). All the parties were either represents directly in the house or were lieard by petition ; and very notably the petition of the Canadians of the previous year hud received due attention. Tho only difficulty which remained was f.ireseen. The unsurveyed boundary of the Province of Pennsylvania might, or it might not strike the bank ..f Lake Erie, and both cases were provided for ; but about the line of the Ohi.) there could be no doubt Prom the point ut which it cut the westeru line of the Province of Pennsylvunia, it eoustituted the boundary of Canada, until its confluence with the Mississippi. From that point the Ime was cleariy defined ; it was a due north line, for that is the only interpretation which can be given to the words "northward to the southern boundary of the territory granted to 'Merchants Adventm-ers of England trading to Hudson's Bay.' " (note Z.) ,,,„,•• r ni • * t of;„» This opinion, which indeed recommends itself naturally, is supported by the decision of Chief Justice Sewell in the trial of De lleinhard at Uuebec in 1818 (7), which ju.licially interprets the Act of L74 in this' sense. Nor can there be any doubt that the effect of these words in the Statute, was matter of law for the court to decide (8). _ ---^^r]^y'7^^^^rmri:..,V-ro. Also map in translation of Clmrl.voix. Dunns XU,.. 1776, and sec notes R and V. (2) Buike, in Cavendish Debates, p. 189. (3) Ibid. (4) Ibid. (.>■,) Doutre it Laieau Droit Civil, Canad. I, p. 6(4. (6) Cavendish Debates. n\ Report of Trial, p. 646. . ■ . n „ r „„■■♦ nn Hwi Trial of Grant for the murder of Governor (8) Attorney General of Upper Canada remarks, aciuiesced in ))y the Cou.t on the iiul ol uranj Temple, p. "267, AriF.stiix okManithba. Ser. III. Report nf T. K. ItaMLHay, ii.C, March, 1S78. •20 ;{0 40 Apitnihx ofManitiiiia See. ilT R(|i"it of T. K. lUiiiMiiv, Q.C., .Marlli, 1873. 190 ^^ .'J:». fiiiioiis to my, in tho n.-w CoinmiKHioii to Sir Guy CnrMon, ivn.l-iv.l n nwiry hy tho A.f ..f 177t, a s<.iiu.wlmf .iiilVivnf bnutulary is ,I..H.Ti]HMl. Aft,T foUowii.K Hi,> .I..N,.ri|.ti.,n „f th.. Sfahifo till tl... ronllu..iic<. ..f th.. ()hi<, Mti.l Mississippi, tin. (•„miriissi..ii i^nvs ou : " iin.l imrllnvar.l >,/on„ th.- ,„Hl,r,i i,n>l< «/■ Mr said rirrr tu tli,. .snutliMin Imuii-lMry .,|' ||„. territory Kriuit.'.l to •The McrrliiiiitN A.lv..ntun.r« of KiiKlmnl Ini-li.,^. t.. li.nlson's M,iy.' " TIu- wonln i,, ihilir, nro an evidotit riu.l ..vory nmt.-ri.il ml.litioii to tlif Stntutr ; mikI tli<.y ..itliiT foil in with or cnMiti-.l tho p-iioriil iniprossion thiit Cumdu, iM-fmo th- treaty with tho Unite.! States (17H;J), oxt.-n.h'.l t,. the MinMssippi. This .l.-s-ription al.n app.'ars in a Coni- niission ofj^wo y..aVs later .late to Sir Kri..l..ri..k Ilal.linian.l. an.l v.'rv prohahly in other ( 'onnnixwons between I77(mii.1 17S.J; Imt no wonls in lelt.Ms pat..iit eoiil.l alt.'r tl... ..xpn-ss .linpoKitLms of an A.t of rarliaiii.'nt. Tlie only niann.'r in whieli the .-IVe.'f of th.. Aet of 1771 .•oul.I he .lestroy...! would l,e hy nnoth.-r Act of Parliament. Was there nny wueh K •il. The Aet of I7')l do.>s not d(.ivl with th.. .jiL'stion of tli.» uvsLtu l)..un.hiri..s .d' the iVovin.e .d tiuehee. Th... suhjeet of (he precis.- houn.lari.'s ..f Tppi-r Cana.la was (h.-n .d' soni.. dilheulty, for the Treaty of 17H;{ lia.l not nia.l.. .'l.-ar the lin.. whi.'h was to .livi.h. the Hritisli p..ss..ssions fn.ni tii.. Tnit.'.! States.^ In this dih>mnia it was th..u-ht advisal.l.. t.. .l.-serihe "the iri,p..r .listri.t hv s..in.. g.'n.'ral w..r,ls." (1) lint wh..th..r. <,win,ir t,. (]„. .lilli..,dtios oc...isi.me(l by the Tn-aty of 17^'J or"n..t. all d.-serip- ti.u. was oMiitto.1 in tho A.'t, an.l th.. Kin-, by his M..ssafc'.. .d' tho '^-ith K.-Lruarv, I7!)i, ann..un....l liis int.'n(ion.)fdivi.ling"thelV..vineoof(iueb..,.intotw.. I'rovinees t.. bo call...! th.. I'n.vin.e ..f I'l.p.T Cana.hi an.l the lV..vin.... ,,f L,,w,.r < 'ana.la." wh..n..\vr His Majesty shall b.. enal,le,l by A.'t .d' I'arliani.'nt to <..ta])lish the n..e..ssary iv-uiations tor the (f,,v..rnn...nt .,f sai.l i'r..vin.'es. Tho A.'t b.-ing imss...l, tlw Fvinj,'. by pro..lM,nati.in. .h.<.lar...l what sli..ui.l b,. th.. .livisi.ai lino, but hu abstain.'d most .■ar..fullv fr.au entering int.. any other .hwripti.m .d' tho tw.. JVovin..e.s, and as I...r.l (hvnviil.. had sun..vst..d. ns.'d " s..me j;vn..ral w..rds." Having ostablishe.l th,. boun.lary lin.. ..f Iln.ls.m's ]5ay as th.- n..rtli..ni limit, tho Upper I'rovinee is said t.) in.'lu.lo "all tli.. territory t.. th.. we.stwanl an.l s.mthwar.l .,f tli.> wd.l lin.. to the utmost extent of th.. country (■,.mm..nly .aHe.l ..r kn.nvu by th.. nam.. ..f Cana.la. " ■■'>■>. It is maintain..! that what is ..alle,! .„■ kn.iwn by th.. nam.. jier and Lower Canada simply declared "that it shall be lawful for Her Majest}-, wi.di tli.. advice of Her Privy Council, to dec.lare or to auth.)rize tin. 0.)v..rn.)r General of tlie said two Provinces of Upjier and Ix.wer Cana.la to declare, by Proclamation, that the said Provinces, upon, from and after a certain day, in such Proclamation t.. bo apimintcd, wlilcli day ..^liall be within flfteencalen.lar ninths next after tho jiahsing .jf this Act, shall form and be one Pr.A-ince, under the name of "the Province (1) Letter from I.or.l Grfiivill,. t.. Lonl 1 )...-, hfst.ir, 20th October, 1789. Christy's History of Cii.aaa, Vol. «, ,.. Iti f2) Supra, p. 14. ^ j > • i (3) 3 aiij 4 Vic, c. 3j (imp. A. t.), 1810. m nil nocimHiiry liy tho Act of [ilinti of the Stiiliifc till tilt' I'liril ii/oiii/ till' iiiHlmi litnik ■ MiTcliaiitH Atlvciitun'rM of I t'Vi'iy iiiiitt'iifil iidilition to it ('iiniiila, IicfoiK till' tri'iity >ii iilsi) ii]i|)ciirK ill II < 'nin- thly in other ( 'onimisnioiiH •HS t of (h nwich to the wcht. T. K. U. Montreal, March, 1S7.'5, 10 iiiadft, Vol. 6, p. lii Mi;mi». In the ii'iiort Mihiiiitled the htrietly le^al view linN ahme heen considered, lieeause it alone seemed to he witliin the scoiie of my i.i^tnictions: hut from the ciairse of my invest illations I coidd not fail to soo that heyoiid this there is another eonsideiiition not less imiiortant, and that is theciiuitahle side of the question. In eivatin;; the I'roviuie of Ontario it is not jiossilile to conceive that the Imiierial Le^rislature intended to convey to that I'rovime and to the I'lovime of (iuelnv less territory than the lute riovinee of Canada actually enjoyed. Now it is iniontestahle that ii). to IS'lT the (Joveriiiiieiit of Ciuiuda. ./«■ t'oitn, extended to the heifiht of land which forms the watershed of the water system of the St. I,;iwr.'nce and the j^reat Lakes. This is made apiiaiviit l,y the registers of the Executive Comicil, hy which we tlnd that a Commissioner was iippointed to ohtain the surrender of the claims of the Indians to •)() the hinds in the vieinity of Lakes Superior and Huron, or of such of tlieni as may he iviiiiircil for mining purposes. The Commissioner executed a treaty hy whirh he ohtaiiieil a portion >if the very t.'iTitory that would he cut olf from the Province of Ontario if the dispositions of the Act of ITT I wnv literally oh.served. "From Ihiteliewnuoiung ]!ay to I'ineon River, at the western estremity of the .aid Lake (Superior), and inland to that extent to the height of land which sejiarateH the territory covered hy the Chin-terof the ilon,,ral.le the Hudson's P.ay Company iVoin the said tract and al>o the i-lauds in (he said lake within i\\" houndaries of the I'rilish iio.^scssioiis tlieivin." There are donhtless other acts of authority heyond the meridian indicated in tlie foregoing r.port. In the l)e Heinliard trial, Mr. Coltnum, a magistrate lor the District of (iuel , and a Coimuissiouer in the Indian teiTilory, in his evidence said : " II est notoire ijue les writs des Magistriits dii IHstrict oiiest :W du llauf Canada sent cinam's pour etre executes Ti Fort Willi;iin." It would, therefore, se^'iu that in fairness to the Pr..vince of Ontario the old line of the height of land shmdd he adopted as the we.steni as well as the northern houndarv of tlie Province of Ontario. T. Iv. U. '' i, March, IXT'S. NOTES. ^V„/,. A.—" They (France and Englandi prepared to cut the ijonlkni knot of this long and intricate negotiation with the sword." (" Tlu' history of the present war," hy Burke, in the Hrst numher of the Annual Register. lte]uihlislied separately in 1TT4.) ■*" Note B.— It is quite unnecessary now to discuss the validity of the Charter. It should, however, be remarked that the words " limiting the grant to such territories as are not already actually possessed hy the suhjects of any other Christian Prince or State," ceased to have any legal value after the Treaty of Utrecht. As hetwccn the King of Liigland and the Hudson's Bay Company there could ho no contest as to the rights of the French. I do not know whether the value of the particular words " actually possessed " has ever been commented. They exclude the idea of a claim of title by simple discovery or by any naked formality, and the can he no ;^i'ii)ilui'iil kiio\vIi'ilu;i' iiiul In' tolil us hy wliiit ii'Iiik' it was, iiuil by wlunn known ill loM). Il is |)ossil)li' tln' "llirial writor mistook " Tin' (Jroat l?ay," whidi is montiouod liv •Ii'lVri'V (from wlioni hi' (jnoti's), as tin' nanii' by wliicli Iluilson's 15;iy was known in l-'i40 y Thou, and loiif^ al'ti'v, " TiU f^raiuli' biiii' " was the iiatiio f^ivon to flu' (hilf of St. fjawn'nci", from " lo caj) di' St. lionis A ri'Titn'-t' ilo la bail' di's ('lialcnL's." (Donis' Dcscriittion do rAini'-riiiun Si'i)l(>utiion:di', l(u'2, Tom. 1.. ]<. UU. clia].. 7.) In tlu'samo n'liort it is slid that in • KiJ? tlir (iuiOioi' Fur ('omiiany was formed iindi'r tlvi> aiispici's of ( 'ardinal llirhi'liru, and an cxi'bisivt' I'hartor f.!;rantod hi thorn for the wholi' of Now KraiUMi or ( Janada. di'si ribi'il as cxti'iidin^ to the Aivtii' ('irclo." Tiiis is ini-orroi't. At the tiinn it is not unlikely that till' I'^ri'iii'li (lovi'rnmt-nt know littlo or notliinf^ of iho two oarly J<]nii;lisli voyaj^os of discovory to lliiilson's Hay, and they oould not havo known anythinjjj of thoso jiarts from thoir own voy- ages, for no b't'ouch oxpodition had ovor tlion boi'ii tlioro. Hut tlio iirrr/ of ItiiT doos not niou- tiou llud.son's l?ay. It ji;ivos tho (\)niiiany tlio wliolo oountrv from Florida, "on rani^oant los ('otos do rAiiK'riiiiU' jusiju' an Ooivlo An-tiquo." (Ed. iviid Ortls., Tom. I, \k 7. (im-boc, IS.) 4.) X(i/i']). — Tn the oft-rt'iioati'd (h'S(;ri|ition by IVEsoarbof it is said that La Nouvollo Franco is hi uiiidcd to tlio north by " cottc torro i|ui ost dito inconniio vers la mor jj^lacoo jiisini" an imlo iirolii[uo." Thus lio 20 '■^'^^'^ ""f |>ri'toiiii that Ija NouvoUe Fruuno stretches to fhi^ Frozen Ocoan (L'K.searbot, vol. 1, i>. ''il, ed. lt)ll), as Mr. (^luehou's Ueport seems to im]ily, hut only to the unknown lands, whioh, in their turn, extend to the Frozen Oooaii. llavinp; (juotod tho passage of L'Ksoarbot roforrod to, (lariioau adds: " Mais oes liniitos etaient plus imagiiiaires cjuo reoUes, pui.sipie Ton ne i!ouna.ssait pas alors memo la valleo eiitiero du St. Laiu'out." Xdff K.— " 11 est oertain (jue ee fut Hoary Hudson, anglais ipii en Will douiia son iioiii et a la Haie et au detroit par ou il entra." (Uharlovtiix 1, p. 47(1.) 3(t 40 Xofr F. — Mr. Justie(» Monk, in the ease of ( MiiinoUy m. Woolrieh, p. 14, .says : "From (he voyage of Sir Thomas Button in Kill till the year l()()7, it (lludsons's Bay) ajipears to have boon wliol ly nogleeted hy the English (Jovornment and Nation." Tliere is, liowover, no dimht about (ho voyages of Fox and Janios. Xo/r (i. — Mellaril Cnouard (hss (Irozoliers ("the name is sin'llod in a variety of ways ;" I j' Abbe TaiKpiay writes, " Milliard (!liouart des (h-ozelliers,") I'ierre Msprit llayo(-iiailis.son, and I'iorre LeMoyne d'Iberville. These three names are intimately eonneeted witli the hisdiry of (he early settlement of Hudson's Bay. Des Grozeliers eame from Touraine when very young and beoame a voyageiir of some repute. (Ferland, 'Jnde I'ie, ]i. Si), .lermie Ui'l. do la Bale d'Hndson, p. 14. Mere ihs rinearnatioii Ix'ttre d' Aout, !()70.) He reported (hat, being to the north of LiJio Superior, lie me( some Indians who led him (o .lanios' Bay. Subseipiently, he endeavoured to indiico the |irineiiml merchants in (inehecto fit out an expedition to visi( (he Nor(h Sea; but failing in (his, (1) ho wen( to Boston, and from (hence to I'aris, (2) and finally to Ijondon, in search of persons sulliciently advonluroiis to carry out his scheme. In liondon his re|irest!ii(a(ions were favoimibly lisfeiied to, and a New England captain, Zacariah tiilliini, was Hout off wi(h des Grozeliers in UifiH or 1004. (-'}) They built a for(, which they called ( 'harles or Uupert, (1) Jt'icmie »«>■» tlmt lie dill inilui'e lUf .\lurchiiiiti in yiiuboi; to lit nut u l)iiik witli wliirli IumvouI to tlm H«y mill (iisoovereil Ni^Uoii llivur ; Imt tlio wliuli' uf liin ihiimtivt' ii)i tn the i'S|H»liti»ii of ||!1I4, in wliirh lie uiu oiikhK''''' i" '"'"".V woitlili'itri. Ilv in, liowi'Vi-r, folliiwwl liy Murray, wlio ailnpts Ihi' lUTouiit of it nun voyage liy iluH tiro/uliiTii from CniimU, ami ({ivon otliui ili'tailn ; for all of which he iligdaina to ({iiott! any autliurity. '2 p. V\i. i^'2) L>e la r<)thorio omitii tho going to "ariii. (3' Oliliiiiiou »ay» ltl«7 ; no .lom M .U C»llii''ri'i in :i Ultor to M. ilu SuiKiiulay, -i.'itli hVlirnary, 188.'i, Doc. Hint. !>, p. 7i>7 ; K'erlaiiit laya lOdit, Vuilu pii), p. au ; .Nlurray alio nnyn lOHii, 'i, \i. llt'.<. In tlio KronLii Munioir of tiic^ stii Kovoiutvr, liisti, th>' yitar 123 iTiv't ill siij.iiijjf (lull tho , known liy fliiit iiamo." ■Imt ii'iiiii' it was, (lutl by ly," wliiiili is nmntioiii'd vMown in lolO y Tliou, let", t'ri)ni " 1(> cap (li> St. m Si>iitouli'ii)n:il(>, I(i7'J. irnu'(l under the iuis|iii'i>s X(^w Kriiniio or (,'anailii. time it is not nnlikcly sli voyaijfcs of discovery s Irom (lieir own voy- f Ki'.T does not nien- n ranj^eant les (Jotes do nvelle France islxmndcd ole arcti(ine." Tims lie lourbot, vol. 1, J). ;il, (>d. Is, which, in fiicir tnrn, 'rrc(l to, (^anieau adds: pas alors nicme la valleo na son noni ot a la Bain ys : " From the voya»(< 'ars to have hecu wiiolly t ahont the voynjyos of ri(>ty of ways ;" L'Ahhe 1)11, and l'i(^rre IjeMoyiie the early sottloment of ame a voyaj^enr of .some Mere de I'lncarnation lo met some Indian.swho lorchaiits in (ineboc to fit ston, and from thence to arry out his scheme. In iptftin, /acariah Uillam, L'alhwl ( Iharles or Uii|iort, vciit to lliii liny unil iliscovereil 1, is tiitiilly wiiitlili'Hn. Ilu i.s, mil ifWvH iitlii'i ili'tnils ; fur all ■y, 168.'., Dof. Hint. !), p. 707 ; Nlii Ndvisintwr, lilSti), tln' yiMir \ at the mouth of tho>' >misc() River. On their return, the Hudson's '. a charter, dateil 'Jnd May, ItiTO. (1) Nowhere is any date ^'iveii to d(>s (Irozelier's alli-j^cd first journey Company was formed and r.htaincd Aiiknuix (iFMA.srniiu. u , , III overland to James' Hay; inilccd it was only formally put forward in KiSti (French Memoir, Sfh ' '' " November, KiSd, Doc. Hist. !)) to aiistain the b'rench claim !o be the first diaeoverers of the Hay. 15ut, K. Ramstty, ciu'ious to say, iu tlie French Memoir, the yoav of thii (Ullam expedition is stated to b(> UKl'J. It is, i'(J73.' ' ""^^ ' however, perfectly certain that he did not ^'o to the North in 1(1(1',', and that tlu> (lillam (txiu'dition did not start before l()(i7 — perhaps only iu HidS. It seems moi'c than probable that the story of tho overland journey to .lames' May was an invention of des (h'ozelicrs in order to draw the (iuobeo merchants into his scheme. Probably he liad heard of llnd.son's Bay from the Indian-* he nu>t in the Nortli- West ; for dillicnlt and tedious as was the overlaml journey, it was not im])osaible; ami occasionally 10 there was sonu^ intercourse' between thos(> livinjif in t^anada and Indians from the neighbourhood of the Bay. Thus, in l(>.")7, eight Canadians went up t ' the Hastican wiln twenty canoes oi yVlgonquins. The voyage was rough, long, .and dangerous, though pros]ierons, and they met with the Iviristinons " ijiil saiif. jn-oc/ic i/r /it iiirr Jesuits should be silent on the subjeet. From their journal we learn that, in KioU, des (iro/(>licrs did go up to Lake Sujierior, and passed the winter with the Nation de I'xeuf, retiirning the following year to Canada with ;{()(• Ottawas and a great cniantity of fur. lie was at Three llivers on the ".'Ith August, l(i(!0. Again we bear of him on !Jrd May, l(i(i'J, and he then saiil lu^ was going to La Mer dii Nord. lie passed the night at (.Quebec, '20 and h(^ WTote to the Governor from Cap Tourmente ('2). We know nothing posit iviM)f his sub.scipient movements for .some lime ; but it is imt unlikely that after leaving liui^bee, he pas.sed the years from KKi',' to 1()()7 advocating his project of a voyage to Hudson's Bay. This conjectm-e w French Memoir in jilacing tiie date of the (lillam expedition in Kiti'J. It would appear that des (h'o/.eliers was accompanied by lladisson, to whos(> sister he was nuirried, and that Uadisson was marrieil to an English woman. (De Frontenno's letter, 'Jnd Nov., UiSI.) This moi-riage of lladi.sson is involved in greal confusion. D(> la I'ofberie tells us that Lord I're.ston, who wius Ambassaiba- at I'liis, promised to mak(> a siTvant of liis named (b)(let jierpetual Secrt>tary of the Kmbas.sy, if he could ]U'evail on Uadisson to go to Fngland, and that Crodet, as an inducement to Hadis.son, laomised him his daughter in marriage (1,1 loV Charlevoix says that the negotiation took place through a servant if Lord Preston, eaUed "Gods," (1, p. ISD, and that Uadis.son was then nuirried to a daughter of Chevalier Kirke; that he went to London, where he was cordially reeeiveil by his father-in-law, and that he wius granted a pension of I',',(l00 livres a year. Shea, in a note to his translation of (^harlevoix (;i,^.'5;j), says that it was Sir David ivirke's daughter he married. .Xiiotber aeeount (Murray, '-i,l>'U) is that des Grozeliers was induced to go to Kngland by Mr. Montague, the Fnglisb Amba.ssador, who gave him a letter to Prince Kniiert. Murray gives no authority for his version; but it is possible there may bo some ♦ruth in all these stories, though <'ertiiinly not all true. Tht» following ilales are eoiToet, and contradict much of th(>m. Des Grozeliers' first expedition to Kngland must have been prior to the summer of KiliS. Balph Montague was Ambassailor at I'aris from September, UUiS, to 1()7H. lladdison was married to an Fnglishwoman befia-e November, UiHl. (De Frontenae's letter, -K) '2nd November, KiHL) Uad;ivi'S llii' year iw llilill, vdI. 1., p. ITti ; ami in thin In' is lulliiwist liy llarmaii, 2, p. 12fl ; Imt ill tlii> Ka»li'« Olir(inc>l(iKiil»i'«01inrli'Viiix says IdilS ; anain 1)iiIi1m-s says Itlti", lull latiM- lii' says Cillaiii was lliiiv fmiii 1<308 til ll!7;) : i" lIu' ilcsciiplimi M' tlir ri^lit and litlo nf tin' Cniwii of (licat Itrilaiii tn lliulsnirs Day, .him' 'J. 170l>, Kii^. MSH. vol. 1., p. 04, il is sai.l tliat Sa. naiy (lillam wi'iit llicic in 1007, in llio " Nimsinli," lo ixpKni' ami inak.' a .si'tllcini'iit in llmlsuii s Hay, »ml liiiilt Cliailos Fort at Ilnpcit RiviT. (1) K. rlanil says UlOil. Ilu is not tlio oriniiiatdr ol this iTior. I have swn it clsrwlim^. It aiisKs from a iiiim^alculation nf the ypar of Ih.' KiiiK's rcinii. Tin' ihartrr is .latc.l the -Jinl .lay nf May, in Ihc l«o ami tw.ntiitli vi'n^ of the Kiiifi's i«igli. Charlog tlio Tut wan lii'licadi'd tliu .'lOtli .lammry, UM.S ; tlic •J'.-'ml year, t InTulnri', lu'Kaii on ttic Hlwt January, 1«70. i'i) I inloi- ilalf May, lOti'2, in thi' .Imiiiml ilcs .li'snilcs, tinie is this intry : ".If /"iWi.i >lr tjiifhfrl- It S jmir leu Ti-»i.s Hlviyrr.i, jf rmmtmi anada, nor can the date l)o given hy M. do Callieres in his letter to M. deSeignely, 2.>th February, HiS"), l)t> rehed on, for he goes on to speak of the Canadian Company liaving heon formed in 1676. Tliis is evidently an en-or, if not an intentional mis-statement, for in a memoir of tlie Compngriio du Nord ctahlie on Canada, 16f»S, P. M. S. VIII. 26"), it is said : " A7/r fti Coiiipagniv commcncn cdte riifcrjiri.sr en l(iS2." Before we have anything more to do witli lladisson in Hudson's Bay, he served under Marshal d'Estn'es in tlie West Indies, and ohtained permission from iiim to go in a vessel belonging to S. de la Cliesnay (" Anbert de ia Chenaye " is one of the signatures to tlio Memoiro de la Compagnie du Nord, 15 November, 1690, Paris, M. S. V., p. lo6), to make settlements along the coast leading to Hudson's Bay. Tliis was prior to Novinnber, 16X1. (M. do Frontenae, 2nd Nov., 1681, Doc. Hist. 0.) In 16S2 a company was formed at Quebec to trade to Hudson's Bay. This was the commencement of this enterprise. (Memoire de le Cie. du Nord, etablie on Canada, 1698, P. M. S. VIII., p. 2().'>.) Tliero was a complaint by the Engli.sh Ambassador that in 1682, Radi.sson and other Frenchmen had g(me witli two barks, called the "St. Pierre" and tlie " Ste. Anne," to Fort Nelson, and seized the fort and the property found there. (The Kiire, and (>arried them to Tjondon. He also carried off an immense quantity of furs, and did tlie Canadian Company £400,000 worth of damage. De la Potlierie says .■{()0,0(tO livres, wliieh is more credible. After this, we hear ver^' little of MAI. Des Grozeliers and RaiUsson. It would aiipoiu*, how- ever, that Rmlisson wintered in the Bay in 168 ")-'(), for the excuse for de Troyes' expoilition was the capture of Radi.sson. (Instnictions of M. de Dononville to de Troyes', 12th Februarv, 168() • letter of de Dononville, 10th November, 1686.) In 1680, the Canadian (.'ompany obtained a duirter (20tli May). In 1686, de Troyes and d'Iberville went overland to Hudson's Bay. They first attacked Fort Monsi])pi or Moose Fort, whicli tliey took. They next surprised Fort Rupert. On the 16th July, tlicy took Fort Chechouan or Albany. On the 10th August, 1686, do Troyes started on his return journey to Montreal. (De la Potherie, I, p. 147 ; Ferland, 2ndo partie, 164.) M. de la Potherie says that six months after, having sent tlie English prisoners home, d'lLerville went to Quebec ; but it would appear, from a letter from M. de Denonville to M. de Seignelay, he was still supposed to be in command of the forts at Hudson's Bayou the 2oth August, 1687. On the 31flt October, 1688, M. de Denonville announces the return of d'Iberville, but says he was to retimi to the Bay. In 1688, it would seem, tlie English built Fort Churchill, towards the end of the \'ear. (Memoire de la Cie. du Nord, I.') November, 1690.) In 1688 d'Iberville took two English shiiis. (See the account given of it in the letter of Sr. Patu de Quebek, 14th November, 1689, and in d'Iberville's letter of the 17th, in which he promised to go back next year and take Fort Nelson, if he coidd obtain the assistance he required.) Fort (/hurchill was captured by tlie French in 1689 (Memoire do In Cie du Nord, 15 November, 1690.) In 1690 dTborville returned, intending to take Fort Nelson, but being repulsed he landed and forced the P]ngli8h to abandon Fort Nieu Snvanne. He had gone there with three ships calle. Anne," to Fort do la Barro, 10th April, ly also captured a Boston ho ship to he re.stored to 1684). vith tlioir partuei-s in tlio litution of their eaptiu-e. jondon, indiiood by Lord lilud from Ilud.son's Bay (Tnstruf'tions from M. d.o til all the Frenchmen he ntity of fm-s, and did the (H) livres, which is more It would uppoiu', how- •oyes' expedition was the h'obruary, lG8(i; letter of ed a charier (20lh May), it attacked Fort Monsippi le 16th July, they took started on his retuni iriie, 104.) M. do la borne, d'lljerville wont I M. do Soignolay, he I AugiLst, 1087. On the says he was to retimi to 8 the end of the year, wo English sliijis. (>Seo 168r>, and in d'D)erville'8 jn, if he coidd obtain the (Memoire de la Cio du Fort Nelson, but being [e had gone there wth le Saint Francois." In or Moose Fort, and 10 Rupert. (Do la Tot boric I, lOo.) No one but de la T'otherie mentions the retaking of Moose Fort and Fort Rupori, and in 1700 the Hudson's Bay Company complain of the French oncroachmonts, saying that, owing to them, they have oidy one settlement remaining out of seven they had. It would, therefore, seem that if the English ro-t.iok Moose and Rupert Forts, they lost tliem before 17i»<>. In 10!»4, d'Iberville, in command of two of the King's ships, which were lent to the Company, sailed for Hudson's Bay to retake Fort Xolsmi. .lcr(>mio, who was in the expedition, says the two ships' were the " Poli '• and the " ( Iharento." He is followed in this by I' Abbe Ferland (2 Pie, p 278 ) P. Marest, who was also in the expedition as "aumonier," says de Serigny commund.'d the - " sllamandre," and his relation is called " voyage du P.ili ot Salaman(b-e." (Lettres Ed. Nouv. Ed. ^ vol VI p 4 ) Tn the letter of MM. de Frontcnac et do Champigny to the Minister, Tjth Nov., 1694, it is said that do Sorigny .■(,nmianded the » Salamandre." De BacqueviUe de la Potherio, who was the King's Commissi.mer in the expedition of 1697, say that the ships sent out in 1094, wore the " Poll " and " Salammdre " (vol 1, 1661.) He says thov sailed from Quebec on the 8th August, de Frontcnac et de Champignvsavsthe 9th August, and Joromio says the 10th August, joiu-de St Laurent (p. 17.) MM. de la Potherie and Jeremie agree that they reached Fort Nelson the 24th September -L Abbe Ferland savs the 20th September. The Fort capitulated on the 12th October. D Iberville romaincl at Fort Nelson fifteen months. He then returned to Canada, leaving La 1-orest as Governor. In 1690 the En.'lish returned, recaptured F.n-t Nelson, and carried off the Governor and all the Beaver. The capitulationbyLa Forest of Fort Nelson (alias York, alias Bombon), is that mentioned ni the 8th Ai-ticle of the Treaty of Rvswick. The capitulation was dated lUst August, 1696, but it is spoken of as the capitulation of the 1st September, and in the Treaty as ot the oth September In 1697 a fleet of five Ships sailed from La Rochelle to retake Fort Nelson, namely, " Le IV.fond,"';_Le Palmier, "Le W esph" "Le Pelican," and "Le Violent." M. de la Potherie went as the Kings Commissioner Me Violent " was crushed in the ice. Action between the " Pelican," the " Hampshire," the " Denng ami the "Hudson's Bay," ^rd September. The "Hampshire" was sunk by the Irench ships; the " Hudscm's Bay " wa. ;aptm.ed, and the " Dering " escaped. " Le Pelican was very much shattered ^1 • in the action with the English ships, and wont ashore next day in a stonn and was los ihe other ^' lulFrencb ships coming up, .VIborville attacked Fort Nelson, which he took about the 12th September. D'Ibervilllo left his brother, .le Serigny, in command of the For., and sailed on Ins return voyage on the 24th September. (De la Potherie, 1, p. ^ ; Jerende, who was also in this expedi ion, and who remained ^ h do Serigny at the Fort). At this point M. Garnoaux exclaims, " Ainsi le dernier poste ,ue les Anglais "^aL dai' ie bale d'Hudson tomba en notre pouvoir, et la France resta soule mai res.se de eette region. .; "7) M G.u-neau totally overiooked the three forts in James' Bay retaken by the English in 09 a icione of which, Fort Anne or Chechouan, lie mistook for Fort Nelson. At any rate lort Anne ; ;.X uan remained in possessi.m of the English from 169:5, and they never lost it. It was imsuccess- l^:^X^^ McntlLl iu 1709. (Paris M.S. 11. p. 12. ; Letter of de Vaudreml to the Minister, "^^^ !:!^;I;ii U'U be wen to enumerate the forts, .0 giv. their different names loa\oiuco , .,.„,. u,.^i ha.i seven forts, and .at by the encroachment r^pir "o k". Biv« ri„ ,0 .nv oon.e.t ; .U. »v»rt. I p,»,une to be L«t Mn.„. Th, » °""":"7o,. U.,port, CW l,v iW F,.„cl, St. J.c<,„... founded ta miT or 106« by Oito. «.•„ by ,1 plor.md.-rlT,ovo.«.,dd'n».,ill„July,l«86. lUlnken by tbo Engll.h ■„ 1 ■!«. Z^^nl^vl Mo.»ni., St. Loui., ., M.«« Fort, t*n by do Troye. .nd d'lborvdl. .bout '"' " *■ *« «— " ''■"" ^"'T;f iL't m;;° Zeu by de. a,o»Uo„ .nd R.di«„n. Al'I'KNDrX )FMAN'rroiiA. .Sec. III. RciwitofT.K. Kaiiisay,Q.C., March, 1873. 20 30 In of 40 50 6th. Fort Bourdon, Nelson on 128 Al'l'ENUIX ofManikiiia. Sec. III. ReportofT.K. Ramsay, g.C, Utrecut. March, 1873. acting for the Frenoh, in 1682 ; retaken Ly Radissou, acting for the English, in 1G84 ; retaken by d'Ibervillo 12th October, 1094; retaken by the English 1G!)(), and again by the Freneli in 1G!)7. It remained iu the iiossession of the French until 1714, when it was given up under tho Treaty of Gth. Fort Chiu-chill, built 1688, and taken by tho French in 1689. Note II. — In the memoir of the French right to the Iroquois country and Hudson's Bay of the 8th November, 1686, it is said that in 1656 Jean Bourdon ran along the entire coast of Labrador with a vessi'l of ."50 tons, entered and took possession of tho North Bay, and that this is proved by an extract of the ancient register of tho Council of New France of the 26th of August of tho said year {16;j6.) 10 Unl'ortmiatoly the register in question is not now in existence; but if it were, it could not prove wliat the writer of this memoir pretends. At most it was but an authorization (1) to Jean Boiu-bon to undertake the voyage to tho coast of Labrador, and not a recital of what he actually did, for Boiu'don's voyage was in 1657 and not iu 1656. lie sailed from Ciuebec on the 2nd May, 1657, and returned on tho 11th August of the same year at ten at night. (Joui-nal des Jesuites pp. 209-218.) But we lu-e not left in any doubt as to the exti .t of Bourdon's voyage. On reference to the " llelations des Jesuites," vol. III., 1658-9, wo find this entry : "Le 11 (August) jiamt la barque de Monsieur Boui'don, lequel estant deseendu sur " lo grand fleuve du c()to du Nord, voyage a jusques au 55 degrc, ou il reucoutra un grand banc do glace, " qui le fit remonter aiant perdu deux lliu-ons qu'il avait pris pour giudes. Les Esquimaux sauvages du " Nord les massacremeut et blesscreut uu Fran9oi8 do trois coups do Heches ot d'uu coup de couteau." 20 Note I. — Dablon never reached Hudson's Bay; tho extreme limit of his joimiey being only 100 leagues from Tadousac. We learn from the " Journal des Jesuites," that he started for " la Mission St. " Fr. aiL\ Keristinons " the 11th May, 1661, p. 296. Ho left Tadousac on the Ist or 2nd Juno. Ou the (ith, the Iroquois attacked Tadousac, and drove away all tho Canadians. They even came up to tho Islo d'(Jrleans and the Cote Beaupn', and killed several persons. At page '600 of the Joiuiuil, there is this entry : " 1(J61, Jidllet le 27, rotoiuiierent ceiux qui ustoient alK's on prcteudoient aller A la mer du Nord ou aux Kiristiuons I'. Dablon, &c." In the " Relation des J.'suitcs," we have tho relation of this voyage, whi(h is called " Joui-nal du premier voyage fait vers la mer du Nord." (12 aoiit 1661.) The account dated from the highest point they reached, " Nekouba 100 lieues de Tadousac, 2 Juillet, 1661." See also Journal of Coimt of Frontenac, 167ii, when the importance of making it appear that Dablon had been at 30 Hudson's Bay was fully miderstood. (Doc. Hist., vol. 9.) Note J.— The voyage of Albanel and St. Simon is not open to the same objections as that of Dablon. It would appear that they performed the whole journey from Canada to Hudson's Bay, and that they took fonnal possession in tho King's name. (Relation do 1672.) The difhcidty to this voyage us giving a title to the King of France, is that it came too late (l671-'2), and after the English were in possession of Hudson's Bay. Besides, it was only a formality, for the French to(.k no steps towoids making a settlement there till 1682. (Ferland, 2ndo partie, p. 83.) 40 Note K.— The dealings with the Indians from Hudson's Bay cannot bo relied on as a title. Besides, we have the rejieated assurance that trade with Hudson's Bay could only be carried on by sea. (Donon- ville on State of Canada, 12th Nov., 1685, Doc. Hist. 9 ; lictter from Denonville au Ministre, 10th Nov., 1686 ; Paris, Doc. MS. V; same to de Seignelay, 25th August, 1687, Doc. Hist. 9; Memorial de la Cie du Nord, 1698.) This conclusion had not been arrived at without an effort to keep up comnumication by lan.l. M. de la Barre, on the 9th November, 1683, writes : " The people who have been at Hudson's Bay have returned after liaving encoiuitere Hose's Biographieal and a(-ographical Dictionary, it is said there is an extract ot lUmHay.Q.C., Button's Journal in I'urehus. Both the Biograpliical 1 )i.tiouary and Mr. Mm-ray are in error. There is ' "' • no extract <.f the Jom'ual in Burehas. On the contrary, I'urchas .says h.. Iiad not seen tlie Jom-nal, but h. lu.l seen tbe chart, wliloh was also seen by Chan.plaiu, y. D'JO, e.l. lo; -. Mm-ray, probably, had only looke.l at the first edition of I'm-chas, which was printed hi 101:5, .so tliat it was hardly possible for it to contain any mention of Button's voyage, wlu.h only tenuinated Umt^year. Althoug^. m. m I'urchas, a fragment of Button's Jom.ial was communi..ated to Fox by Sir Thomas Hoe. (llaklu>t 10 Society Papers. See also Appendix.) Even in the absence of any mention _ of Button s Journal m P,irehas, there is no doubt of the voyage havhig taken place. It is not .piestioned by foreign enters. As an example, see Anecdotes Amerieanes, Paris, 1770, by llornot. ii n>o. on It is h,u-dlv neee-ssary to answer the doubt thrown out by the French Metnou- and by Dobbes on Hudson's voyage. If we have not Iluds-m's Joiu-md, which, under the crcun.stances is not very ^Lable, we have, at all events, the account of Pricket, who, hi his own just.fi.ition, wrote an ~n^ of the mulinv; and, in doing so, he mentions llud.ou's .liseoveries. (llai-ris complete collection of Voyages and Travels, 2, p. 241.) Not. M.-There is a great uncertainty as to whn,t sort of di.scoveiy .. occupiUion gives a t|tle. In the report of the Oonnnissioner of Crown Lands in lSo7, it is manitamed, citing the Orego 20 dispute as .ui Lthority, that a discovery " not made known to the world either by the ^^J^ or by his Government, has m. value." This would destroy one of the C.mimis.sionc.r s o^^ pietensions. M DenonviUe, i i a memoir on the French limits in North America, in lOSS. makes he righ depend on di e^:, and "planting the amis of the King or Prince." But the French otheials inged claims, owing to voyages where no such formality was ov could be complied witli. V./.N-In 1071, th.. French authorities in Canmla could not vent m-e to fix a date for the first iKjo. (UOL. JiiBi. . .; ^" 1 , v„r,1 " This was hi 1001. In therelati.m of 100/, .^ Journal du premier voyage fait vers la nier du Nord. ^ -J^ ^^^ ^j^^ ,^,^ they ^av they know nothing of the coimtry, but the reports «t the in.iians (lo, , .; of him on that account, as being the discoverer of the Bay. 1 1 ,fi„.TrPiitv of Neutrality, on the port of England. They Note O.-Commissaries were "7«^. ^f ^ '^J^^^., ,„/pHnc^^ SecreLy of State ; the Earl were the Earl of Sunderland. Lord President of ^ - ^ jul - 1 ^^^^^ Commissioners of of Mid.Ueton. Principal Becretary o tate ; ;:f^^^^^ ,,, ,,, p,.. Bonrepa.x, Envoy the Treasury. On the part of France, tho 1 r. ^'^ ^"°' ^ j^- ^ .j 50O.) In 1087, ExtroorcUnary. They had their first conference 18th Maj. 108.. (Uoc. 11 , l ) Appendix OF Manitoba. Sec. III. BeportofT.K. Raiusay.Q.C, March, 1873. 128 romjilaints were inndo of the injuries done by tlio Fronoh. (Collection of Treaties, 1^48 to 1710.) It would seem the Commissaries nirived at no conclusion, and in 1687 the English Commissaries report that the Comjiany have fidl right to the Bay and Straits of Hudsou, and to the trade thereof. (1 vol. Trade and Plantations, MS. p. 8!) ; Pownall papers in Lib. of Pari.) Noti' P. — They lost all their forts save Nelson in 1686, and Gameaii says they lost their last fort in lfiJ>7. (Ganieau, vol. 1, p. i;{7.) But this is an error. (See note G.) On the 20th, 1701, the Governor and Company of Hudson's Buy jietitioned the T/>rds Commissioners of Trade ond Plantations on the subject of their losses in the Bay. In this petition they say they have lost all their settlements but one out of seven, namely, "Albany, vidgarly called (Jheehouan." 10 Note Q. — The Treaty of Bysw-ick was not altogether so disastrous to the IIiidsoTi's Bay Company as it is represented. In order fulh' to understand its operations, its terms must be brouglit into relation with the j)osition of the contending parties there. Article VTI. stipulated tlmt within six montlis, or sooner if it could be done, the King of France should restore to the King of England all coimtries, islands, forts, and colonies wheresoever situated, which the English possessed before the declaration of the war (1()8!)), and that, on the other hand, the King of Englaml shoidd do likewise for the French pos.scssions. By Article VIII. it was stipulated that Commissioners sliould be appoiTited to examine and determine the riglits aiid prctensioTis which either of tiie said Kings had to the places situated in Hudson's Bay, But the places taken by the French during the peace preceding the present war, and retaken by the 20 English during tlie war, sliould be left to the Fiem^h. Tlio capitulation of the '"ith ScptcTuber. 1()!)(), was to be carried out, the Governor then taken relea.sed, ami the merchandize to be valued by commissioners whf) were also to decide what lands belonged to the French aiul what to the English. From these two articles wo deduce, first, the general priTiciple that there shoidd be a mutual restoratinn of conquests made diu-ing the war; sei oud, that the affairs of Hudson's Bay gave rise to a f^uestion, to be settled b\- a jiiiut commission, wliicii miglit make it an exception to tlie general principle in ;,o fai- as regards English conquests dming the war ; fliird, that until the Commissioners shovdd decide .to the merits of tliis question, English C(m(iuests during the war should follow the general principle ; fourth, that the capitidation of the otli September, KifKi (dming tlie war), should be carried out. C(jmmissaries were appointed, but it docs not appear that they settled anything. Tlieir dilatoriness 30 caused some comment. (Letter of Frontenao to Bellomont, 21st September, H)!)8 ; Lords of Trade to Beljomont, -"ith January, l(i!t8-!', the King to x rontenac, 2;Vb March, l(!!l!»; letter from de Callicres to Governor Nanfun, Oth August, 160(1.) While the Commissaries negotiated, events in Kuroi)e were prcpiu'ing the way for a new war. By his will, Charles II., who died Ist November, 1700, bequeathed the Crown of Spain to the grand.son of L R. — Both the Treaties signed at Utrecht — the Treaty of Commerce and the Treaty o{ Peace — required the appointment of commissaries to regidate certain questions that could not be determined summarily. The treaties were signed on the l-'Jth April, 171o, and no great time was lost in appointing commissaries. Those representing the King of Franco were MM. Anison and Fenolon, Heputez au Conseil de Commerce, whom Lord Bolingbroko had, on a pronous occasion, contomptuously Btyled " Mercantile Politicians," and M. d'Iberville, a diplomatist of some note, who nnist not 129 ■ttties, 1R48 to 1710.) It Comniissnries report that le thereof. ( 1 vol. Trade liey lost their last fort in 20th, 1701, the Governor iind riimtalioiis on the their seltli-nients hut one Iliidson'.s Bay Company bo Lroiiglit into relation me, the Kinjr of Fraiine ies \vheresoe\er situated, , on tlie otlicr liand, tlie :o examine and determine lated in lludson's Bay. war, and retaken hy the itli Soiilemhc)-, !()!)(), was valued hy eomniissioners lish. ere sliould be a mutual dson's Bay pave rise to a [1 to tlie general prineiple innissioners should deeide :>w the general prineiple ; 1 be earned out. ling. Their dilatoriness (iO.S; Lords of Trade to tter from do ("ullieres to events in Em'oj)e were ■ember, 1700, bequeathed King of Franee aceepted e (irandc Alliauee, which ouis XIV. recognized liis ied the Emperor to add lie had offered England y the States ( leneral, Sth di-n Hist, des Traites de id the Treaty o{ Peace — •ould not be determined 10 was lo.st in appointing id Penelon, iJoputez au x'usion, eontoinptuously i note, who must not "be confounded with the Canadian sailor of that nai papers, v. 7.) w.u. ...» v.u..a,...w. ™ ue, who (Ued in 17 t., the K>"-g ;"•" '"'^'•« ample powers." '(Lon-l-n, 1 l-l->tli March, 1714 ; Ibid, p. ^'i.) In May the Commissioners o ira^le an.l riantation wrote to Mr. Martin, Secretary to the English commissaries, to know whether the French commissaries were empowered to treat upon the subject matter of the nieniorial and petition pursuant to 20 the 10th 1 Mb, and \r>\h Articles ;,f the Treaty of Peace with Frame. (Minutes of the 1 1th May, 1-14. lb ) Mr. Maitiu answered on the 12th, saying, that the French commissaries were not empowered to treat about llu.lsou's Bay and the Islan.l ..f Moutserrat ; but that the Envoy of Franee, M. d Ibemlle had told Mr. Whitw.rth that a general mention thereof was made in his instructions, ami he sh^^uld recei' more particular orders from his Court, whenever dcmaude.l. (Minutes of the l:;th. Ibid.) ihe Commissioners of Trade and Plantations immediately resolved that the commissaries of France should be notified that the commi.ssaries should be named to treat of these matters pm'suant to the K.th, 1 1th, and loth ^Uticles of the Treaty ol' Peace. ■,•..,. > It is .omewhat odd that there should have been any question on this pomt, for neither in the (iueen s instructions to the English counui.peated promises were made, there was no meeting after Colonel liladen liad submitted the British proposals and the map." "Colonel Bladen was again in Piu-is in 1722, but l^o letters nuule no allusions whatever to the limits in America. They refer to some nnitters connected with Ste. Lucie, as to which it does not appear 30 whether any airangement was math."." "By a letter from Sir liobert Sutton to Secretary Craggs, dated Ptuis, 8th September, 1720, it appears nothing had been done in regard to 'settling the limits in America, beginning with Hudson's Bay.' " " I coidd not trace any further con-espondence on this subject in the State Paper Office until after the Treaty of Aix la Chapelle (October, 17 !«). But in July, 17o0, the H. B. Company were again caUed upon to lay before the Lords of Trade an acMimt of the boundaries granted to them, and they repeat what their former memorials stated on the negotiations for ean-ying out the Treaty of Utrecht. Tliey refer to theii- proposals as what tliey still desired, and they stated that the (Jommissionors under that treaty were never able to bring the settlements of tliose limits to a final conclusion." "But there is a letter from the Duke of Bedford to the Earl of Albemarle, dated 12th February, 40 1749-50, stating that the commissaries for settling the limits will be ready to set out for I'aris as soon as Governor Shirley has finished some affairs now depending with the Board of Trmbi, and on the 10th April, 1750, the Duke of Bedfoiil writes to the Earl of Albemarle to tlu* effect that Mr. Shirley and Mr. Mildmay, or one of them, will be in I'aris 'as soon as this letter,' to act as Conunissionors, there to settle the difference between England anil France as to encroarliments of the latter in North America." The Fr. iich comnussaries were M. Silliouette and M. do la Oalissonnien;. They soiled from Quebec in the "Leopard," on the 24th September, 1749, to return to France to meet the English commissaries. General Shirley and Mr. Mildnuiy (Ferland, 2mlo Pie, p. 405) . These Commissaries had no greater success than those who preceded them. In the private instructions from the King to M. de Vaudreuil, of the 1st April, 1755 (Doc. Hist. 10), it is stated tliat conmiissuries had been appointed on both sides, i:31 mt His Majesty does not ho said iKumdarics.' " la sof Triido: "And this day liidsoii's Hay) in thn tonua nf tliis alliiir, there being tliat which the Company to the Marosclial d'EHtrees, er French (Jonuuissury, the ding. ay parle aussi touciiant la los nouvelies (ionferaniieM.'" LUit in several l(>tters." ins. lo Martwchid d'Estiecs, li'i'ri^nces sm* los liniites en Chief Tnsticc T)ni|n'r.) I'aria : ' As my Lord Stair ther yonrself direotly or by ar upon the snbject of yoiir on; which, if you find tiiey ;er stay at I'aris, and would B as you shall have further 1 Btair made many fruitless I promises wore made, there the map." isions whatever to the limits ) which it does not appear lis, 8th September, 1720, it lining with Hudson's Bay.' " > I'aper Office until after the uompany were again called 'd to them, and tliey repeat e Treaty of Utreclit. Tliey Commissioners under tliat ision." larle, dated I2tli Febnmry, set out for I'aris as soon as of Trade, and on the Kith ict that Mr. Shirley and Mr. ommissioners, there to settle in North America." . They sailed from Quebec at the English commissaries, lommissaries had no greater B King to M. de Vaudreuil, len aj)poinied on both sides, that th.v did uu., a. Paris ,„ r.gulat,. all the disputes ...n.cnmg the l-ronch and 1"'"';M'"-': " ^ ,. .Mvsn.,.. T! King rc,rc,s that tl,c succcs.. of the labours of thcs nunissancs to ,1... pn.-nt tnnc d.l t ^ ,„ ' r..M...nd to the hopes he had ..ut..rtainc4. and tha. as yet the ..onnn.>ar.e. had n.., ..ute.vd .n . ^ ^^ ^, ;;;:;.\; Canada furtl.. that what regards Aeadla. .. n,s they neve. ■'•^;'- ;'-;;^^ ;;; ^^^'^,, question of the linn.s ,.f Canada. Sev..ral bulky vohuues nmde known to he ..Id -1-^, ' ,>■:.. I,. Hr. of the papers exchanged is dated ^'l-"^;'^';--'; ;;,:;; ^/iV 1 !:,;:;, H^^ stran-e eniurid. nee. the v.TV day Moscawcn captured the '• Lys and the Al, id, . Ih -' !« !:;;::itio„ I have found in all the. vohnne, is tha, the St. l.wrcncc ,s to be the ...nt.e o, , anad.,. The K„,di>h , nnnnissarics say they do not know wha, is n.ean, by that ; neither do I. Th. capture of the "I-vs" and the " Alei.le " was really the v nnneueen.en ot h..t lit . U> b,.t™ Kr nee and Kn.land, bu. tic fonnal deelaiatioi, of war was no, until the iMh Ma,, l.-. Tl , V. s 1 .wever an .nd of negotiation mitil after the takhig of .iuel , when negotiati.ais .u-u- '::Z:1 Vhe lasted from L .;th March to the 20th September. IT. ^ ! >'■; ^;;-;: rr:^;:.:^^^^^^^^^^^^^ --•^'- '''In the meantime, it would appear, , ha, so far as the Hudson's Bay territory was eon..eincd the limits were pn.etieally sctt^.l. ^.^^^^ .^^^,. ^^^.^^^ ,^ ^^.^ i^. ,„ i,,,,,,,,, c:J::,:;ruu^^;;;'sir;::::;-:::^^^^ --rt:^;:?:^ttt;;:::::r'' ,,„„,„,,,. „. , ,,„, i„ (-.nvr's ti.av..ls (177., this is --'l"'' ""J^ ;'!'^ ; ;,, „,ason's Bnl ,17..,, , A ., there is a li.ic similar to ,ha, on ^-'^ -1^ ^^ ^ , hei' Bonchettc's British 1,, ,he Treaty of Ctreeht." Bennett^ mapot l'^^;'7''''Jr ^ '^ /^ ,„,,;T.,,.,,,nphcr to His .V .•..i„„< I. ,,. W.) In a map pubhshcd tnmi I. of to l.l.i. In John Ko,, , i_ ^ Brit;;;;;:Ma city, we have mueh the same line, ca.cd ^'-n' •>-'•:'--:; ,^:^:;;;; ^ ^ .r: I a. .etth.d by the eonnuissarics of the Treaty of 1 tre.^it. ^"^'^J^^^JZ LL explaining it. g..grapher to tl. King of France), in 17..^ we m^a ^^^^^^ ^ ^^^J^^.,, Jr....^ ,. (A r>.) Dou-.das in his summary, published in 1.4., s,. s . iU the n k:eneh line with Hudson's Bay Company or Creat ^^f ''Y"-;;^:;;;:^- ^j:;. ^1 .0 torv upon tlie Atlantic Ocean in lat. n. :.(! .leg. :)0 mint, run s.u. . Lake Mr , ;.v-lniian water carriage by B. llupcrt's Kiver with Hu,l>ou s ^^^^^ '^ '^^ ^^ ,]^ 1 l',,. „. Lawrence Bivcr at the Port of Tadousac, thirty leagues below), and from >h, nu. 4!. deg.. and from tlicnce due wc«t indefinitely." Mr. Bouchette has It is not mauitained that the hues shown on these diib int maps ,u veiuarked on the dUference hctwcett Mitchell's au^ 1..W. >;• - ^^^^^t::!^.^ tlo..ng evident they were all aiming at the same natural divis,ou-the h, .f,ht to the wMh from those whidi How to th.. south. acaupanying The subject of maps would not be fully disposed ot without some lu ^ t,„ Beport .1 the Connnissioner of Crown L.nds in IS.,. -^;;^-;';^;^'h dial's Bay is given p, Bay Bcp-> "f the House of Conmions ot ,h.U >.ar. A 1^^ -;^ ^1^ ;^; ., ^^,,,,,,, u^, ,., . with the foUowing description: "B-mnd^uy o hulsotis^B > "'^-^.iic, giving a little more space aeeorduig to maps published at Pans ni 1.0, 1. i. and L . 1 . Am^U > I , .^^^ ^^^ ^,^__^^^^^^ ^^^ ^^^^ to the Hudson's Bay Territory, - thus de^c bed . ^^'l ,; .manufacture history com,uest, a..cording to British geographers. Nothmg - "^ -> „,,^,^, ,, „,,_i:,,, thJ. Who are the British geographers ^ / l'--^ ^\^^\, J^ t-, lublishcd not at Paris, but DeHslc's map of the Wc.tent hcnnsphere; l.-ii', ^^ Jl^^^^ ^t give any boundaries to at Am.sterdam ; and Vaugmidy's map of 1' 'I- .^f '^^^ T.^^^^Jy, for it comes after the Hudson's Bay territory. Vaugondy's map of 1 . . 1 is, of cnirse, Treaty of Paris. i)KMANITnll V, Ri'jiiiit olT, K, Riinisiiy. y.C, Manli, 1873. h> XnhH-ln tl... ..om.s|,oiMl..n,.o l...tw,...u Vmuuh ai.-l Fniu.,. I hinv lomul two allusi.M.s t.. IIu.U.u'k li,v ufttT in:; On tlu. .stii ().t..lM.r, ITU. M. -l. ll.>aalmn.oiH, in writiufr to C-imt Miuuvims, hiivh th'ut tU-KiuK n-,.o,uni,.n.l.d Imu 1- .uMitmli/o or uttorly .lestruy th- Kuwlisli Forls nt lluasonV Bay 1.,,,.. His.!.,. Au.l til. loUowiuK y.-nr (IHthJun... IM.-) M. -l. H..m.lmn..Ms ..xi-buns why h. ...uM ,„); ciny out the Kin/s onliTs in tliis rosiH'ct .—/'">/. Y„/„ T-Thi> .lia no. .....iiM. tl.r i..rsi.iom.ity of tlu^ Mutlmr of C'n.vTn T.inMlH U.^ort of IW. 11.. suvH • " Tlu. n.ost ,linrt inton.st tlmt < '-.uvmU ...ul.l Imv,- in tl... nrnttor at tl.. pivs.-nl nionnnt. U-m^i ,,..,,onsil.l.. for tl... nanm.istration of justi.... woul.l U' rutlu-v of a moral an.l l-l.t.-:.! tl.an ot an inti'ri^titotl or connnrrcial charai'tor." V,V, U -1/. Nouvrll,. Franco, n. nn.lorstoo,! by th.- Fn....!., lia. n.-v.-r lu...n nndor on. Kov.rnniont. Tin. ivovin... of (M..1.... was first lin.itc-.l in the oast l.y tho Uivor St. Joan, in tho wost hy tho hno iron, Lal;e Niri.s.in,-. whi-h struok tho St. T.uvronoo aln.nt !•> loaguos from M.mtroal It was thon oxton.W. b u tho clctonsL .Ua not iuohulo .ho toni.on- oo.lo.l hy Van.lronil. an,l ohu,no,l hy hn, uul as ( ,.naaa ; !„ , .vas thon codoa to tho T'nitod Statos l.y Tvoaty ,17^.,. What ron.a.no.l was .hvaUnl ,uto two l>,ovi,a.os (ITI.n. aonin ronnito.l into nno (l.sM-), and lastly, tho ron.nant .s jomod nt once or ,,rospootivoly I- th- wh"lo of B.N.A. {imT.) V,,, V.-In Dunn's ma,>, 177(J. this boundary is «ivon as tho -'Old Boundary by whioh tl.o •iO Fn.n..h l.osses,.od Canada." It in ourious that in Vau,ondy's n.u, <^i 17.>0 (A ■» a sun.lar Imo .« !^ X L without anything to «ho. what it was intondod to lin.it. and tho paue.y of mat.nnU ,,,evonts our fuulh,:- out tho hi.story of this lin,., Van-.-ndyV fathor was h,.stor.o,raphor to tho k.ng td Franco. y,,,. W._15v tho Aot of 1774 all .h. tomtories and countries horotoforo part of t .•■<•'" -- "^ Canada which aro'wilhl. the limit, of .ano other I'.ritish Colony, orwhioh have .noe the l.th Lobruar 170" bo n nuulo part of tho (t„vornmout of Xowfoundb.nd, .luring 1 lis Ma,.ty . ,dea.uro, are annexed to ml o tho (b.vorun.ont ..f Cana.la. In oonfonuity with ,hi« di«i.os,t,on .o much of the Um. : t mtf he Governor of Newfoundland was revoked " as related to the Coast o La na or. .ncbubng ;,, the Island of An.ieosti, with any other of tho saicUmal^ islands on the saul Coast oi Labrador. A./. X.-In 1721 Charlevoix writes : " Jus.iu ^\ ,.r.Wt la Colonic Fra,u>aise n'allait pa.s phi. loin al-oucst," than tho Lake of the Two Mountains and Isie I'.-rrot. A./. Y.-It is curious how deeply root^T^ the desire to have the Mi^sinsiiu recognized .stlu. western boundary ot Canada. Tho people of Canada claimed th.s >n L.., and tho Kin imm^Uatelv after tho Act of 177f describes the linnt^s of Canada m Ins L..n,n.. "^as following the banks of the Mississippi. Mr. Bouehette, however. d,d not tail tl s lor. a!l in his later and more nuportant work he quotes and conunen s a documet. ,. h .h egatlvos this pretension in the most fonnal manner. Up to the tnno o, eod.ng ( anad, to '' E d u .t was the in erest of Franco to make its limits as extensive as possible, wlnlo the n.torest ot K ! was direetlv the reverse ; but when the negotiations which led to tho Tn-aty of Bans were bemg Cn l^".e inte;ost changed. France sought to eircnmscribe the limits of the province, she lu^l ; i ed o cede, while England sought to extend them. England, by its answer ot 1st ^^"I't-^^ ; ' uZ French ultimatum, claimed "d'un .Ate lo laes Huron, Michigan et Superieure et la dite ligne (la U . d. OB limites) tireo depuis le lac Ilougo. embrasse par un cours tortueux la nvi^re Ouabache iwlsajonctionavecrOhioet de lil se prolougo b.ng do cette dei.-^re nviero mclnsivenient ju^qu '" confluence dans le Mississippi," b.-ing the limits as traced by the M.a-,ms de Vaudrem in eapitu- a i g T iS^^^ of IWe, as he ha.1 promised to cede the possession of Canada " dans hi fonne lu V(i iillu.-*iiinH to HuiIsou'b I (Nmiif MiHiivims, miyw KoHs lit Hiiilsi Ill's Buy cNliliiilis wliy 111' cnlllil TinndH Ui'|H)rt of \X'>7. ■ iircst'iil iiiiiiiiciit. liciuj? 1(1 ii.iliticiil tliiin (if an II iiikW (iiit> f^dvoniiiit'ut. lie wt'A liy llic line I'voni It wtis then pxtcnd.il. liy l'',ii;^!iiii(l MS ('iiiiiidii ; ik4 \vii> divided into two t iri joiiu'd nt oiu'c or IJouiidtuy liy wliidi tlio (A 'i) a i-imilnr line is the pnuuity of iiiatcrinls torioirniiihov to the King ru imrt of the territory of , since the lUth February s jileasiiro, nro nnnexed to ion, Ml iinuh of the Com- t of Liiluador. iiichuUnp- st of Labrador." aiso n'allftit i>as i)his loin the Mis.sissi|ii veeognized this in 1 77-K and the I'anaila in his (-'oiuniis- liowever, did not fall I coiuniouts a iloeiunent, Ime of ceding Caiirtda to .ibk\ whiU' thi' interest of Creaty of Paris wero being of the provinces she had er of 1st Seiiteinber, 1761, ii'rieure et la dite ligne (la uoux la riviere Ouabache viero ineluBivement jusqu' iiis (le Vaudrenil in capitu- JttQuda "duus hi forme la l:i:t »,1UH etendiuV mvs in reply to the Kn.lish answe. ,o the Fren-h nltinmtum '•..on.n.e eett- ligne £, 1 . pa; l'Angle.erre\.;, sans doute la ph. ^tendue ,ue Ton piiissc doiuier la ..ss...n le Uoi ve Zn raceorder." (IMtli Sep., I7.il, Mnioiiv .bi Du- Choiseul, iroi.) l. 1 .ue de thoisenl n h s n i . p. l:... savs: - 11 .^.ai, present a M, de Uus. de eoiiveiiir .b. limites du Ca.iada et de a " uisLiI VapW; la eaHe anglolse ,,ioi,ue tres de favorabb- aux droits .. an. !''>—-;;; loLiee" Vaudreuil denied having n.a(b. the Iraeing in (piestion. and the map has not been bmnd Writ'that laennoned in the French n,,ly as la.ving been presented by Mr. Stanley ? On the annexed map -V •-'. the green line mavk> the probable >• cmus toitucux " to the Wabash. AW.Z-l" the original draft of the bill the wad. were " soutliward to the banks-t the Uiver l(. („,i,„ westward to the banks of the Mississippi, and northward to the sonthern l..un.b,ry. t is there- •, iv probable that the amendment pas>ed nnpeimved by th who drew the new ( omm.ss o„s m the C „ nn have n engn.ssed fn>m drafts made prior to the passing of the Act In I.rd Klgm h C X IM.;. there is also' cnrions mistake. The western l.auida.,- of Low.. Canada is made t. 1; 3 t . Le sl.,1 f HudsonV r.ay. I call it a mistake, lor no aeeonnt can be given . i a 1. (Ill .;iice; 1 by canparing it with the Pi .a.,.tioii of .7.1 it ^V';; ^^^ ^ alteration consiHts in using the w(a'(l " shore im- the xvoids l.ouiulai.v gftV that the " shore" was the " bound.uw line " of lluds(ars Pay. Ari'KNiiiX (IKMANITOUA. H., . iTT U'li'iitiifT. K, Itaiiisny, (>.()., MhiiIi, 1873. Nolr 11 -I .lid not fail to notice the word. -'During His Majesty'spW.^-'iv m the Act o .^o 1774 tik it t le .. words, if m„re than deferential, c.nno, be extendxl, and tluavfore they would n.,t 1 . tlu 1^ g h ,-vor to add to the Province of .iuebec. P.ut at all events, he never attempved it W tnS't^ -thoritv of the Governor to the Mississippi cannot be eonverte. uito an ex^nsuai o ^:^!!^U, that line. Otherwise L..rd ElginV cauniissiou would have extended Cana.h. to the sb of Hudson's Pay. tUe western boundary of Canada extended beyond the due ^^^;^^^^J'^^^^^,^^^^ the well-known .nd Mississippi Rivers, were Aiulnnv ^tuart, the .pial . ^ ^l^' ;;^^^l^'i3, J, Montreal, and 8ir James Stuai..Vallleres de St. Ileal, ^^^"^^^^^l^'^^^ ^^^^,,,,^.>n 1S41.. Vanfelson. one of the tirst-named Judges of the bupei u n touit h ADL)ITP»X TO NOTE Y. . , 1 i. e „,„ tho AWm' VeiTeau, now in Loudon prose- Since my report was sent in, I have received a letter ^^^J J .^f ^ ^Z- mlence between (leneral euting historical investigations on behalf of the ^^^^^ ^Z^^i'^ ^ ^ ^-n traced by Haldinunid and Sir Jeffrey Amherst with respect to tl. ^T^Pi^^^ bas ict yet been found- _^„ Mr. de Vamlreuil, on a map which he gave t.. ^^^ ^^^;^;^^^^^^^^^^ ^,„, the Haldimand papers The letters fonning this . .rrespoudence were copied by tlie ADDc iu the Pritish Museum. ^^ obligingly volunteered to perfonn : The Abbe Yen-eau gives the follo.nng aecoun ^^;;^^^ ^ jUumaud. c.mge et rature .. J'ai tenu A copier cette lettre mo.-meme. Je n ai trouv> qu 1^ i^^^^ ^,^^^ ^^^ ^^. ^,^ ^^^^^^ , ^ *.avee un soin <,ui montre rimportance attaohce par lu H ,arenth^se9 de Haldimand, mais " copier lesratm-es-.jelesaimisesentreparenthcNse. II j a biex. l - . » j'ai indiqu"'- qu'elles sout de lui." fiK.MANITcillA. Sec.lir Rc.lioiti.fT.K. Koni»uv,i^C,, Manli,' 187;l. 10 i;i4 IKITKU Km.M Sill .IKKIUKV AMIIKKM T(. f.KNKKAl IIU.DIMVM). Nkw Yokk, Ist Novomltcv, 17(W. 1)K vu H.K.-I Imvo boon tw-i.tv tini.-.s at flio point ..f writing to you on a mhy-.i whi.h. tl.ou>rli ..J no con«equon..o, I hI.o.iI.I !«> glu.l to know.th. .xaot trnnHa..tI..us tliat imnHo.!. Whon I n.ulo a rqu-'t oi Ca«a.la to tho Sm-otary of Htato, I«tmn«,»itt...l a .opy of tl... part -f th. map who.v tu- hnntn Lotwoon Canmla an.l Lo.u.ia.ia won, uiark...l,whi.'l.'y"U .loHv...v.l to mo. ,.,..1 wlmh I ao.pm.nto,l tho Seoretary ot State wero dono by Monsieur do Vau.lrouil. Wl.o.hor by lihu. or dono in l>is pro.o.u.o by lus d.root.on. .•omo» to tho samo thiuK. and tlu- thing itsolf is of n,. s„rt of ..onKO.,non,.o. as tl.o lottor and ordors 1... _(M,,nsu.ur do Vaudrouil) nont to tin otKo..r» oonimanding at MichiUiniakinaob, tlu. Bay, (.)oo,.iatanou MianuB, .U... „.ark out tho bouu,larioB and/oxprosBly inoludo thoso posts in Cuiada, so that tho.v oan bo no d.sputo nbmt it ; yot as I see some altoroation has passod in Englnn.l and Kranoo ab.,nt Montour do Vaudroml s giving tho boundarioH, I nhouhl bo glad to know ui you whothor ho markod tho mni. bwu-H. -• w >" '<'i' ft was dono in his prononoo, an.l what passod on that sxibjcct, that I may horeaftor bo ablo to say all that was done regarding tho whole affair. I am, with givat truth, dear Sir, Your most obedient humble servant, JEFF. AMIIKIIST. 4'. Nnvemlii'V, 17(1'J. iilijci't wliicli, flmii^'li of r'lli'll 1 llliuli' II rcjio't (il rlll'l't' till' linlit^^ llcfWI'l'Il inintcil the Secrutnry nf iM'Ly liisilii tioii, I'ouii'h iiml iiiiU'iN lu' (Mnii.--ii'iiv oociutanou, Miamis, iVc. there w\n be im disimtc Vroii>ii')U' ill' Vmiili'i'iiirs iiiiip liiiiiM'lf, 111' whi'tlicr r 111' ubli' til nay nil tlint sennnt, JKFF. AMIIHllST. 4tm>^ CORnFXTIONS. Page I, line lii,n'il 1027 1 read Lnniii XIII. 41 20, re'iil N'allicio ; bifart 1001, iiuj iu. 2. tf 14, nid having'. *i IS, read lliiiiriliiii. 10, lead cluck. 22, roui Ri'liiM. ni. 41 2(i, read Siiiir. 11 27, read Ditiluii, 3, If 24, real VX 20' . ti 36 after forks, omit "f. i, If 5, rrdif NuUduliit i* u ; read DaMuu. If 8, read Uttll'ii. II 11 read Ni'kouVia. II 14, r('(i(/ Diiiiuet. 11 21, read Ai^uisun. e. II 13, read of. II 33. rf(i(/ MistimKiriiiiiiK. 9, II 23, reirJ Callii'ioit. II ?!i .«,.• 'iiiblon. II iy. iiftiT , -1 aJ 570-1, i«. l« 13- I'fiat/ itii,;"'i>'* '"' 1""^' '■'"*'' ^*^^^ °^ ^*^^^' 124, " 3, read Port Nulson. " 33, read Di'iionvillo. 126, " II, read Bourdon. 127, " 27, reatl Talon'a. 10,1. Dec. 17G2 ; An.hoM to HaUlin.anJ, 25 h Jan., n<« ; Mr Ramsay's ro.nark, on the corres- pondencc ; and list of books and papers quoted by Mr. R*m>^ay.J (1., ami as given in procoed- (liiiu. d'a l.aier to Amherst, .say's remarks on the corres- ^ GREENllOWS III8T0UV OREGON & CALIFORNIA, On line of 49th parallel, as boundary between the French possessions of Western Canada and Louisiana on the South, and the British tenitoties of Hudson's Bay on the north. " During the j.rngresH of tho n.'Kotialious l.ctwor,. tho «nv..rui..rut of th,> Unitod States and that of ^;\'j'/j;;'^^^_ Great Britain, rcsprctinK th., uorth..rn liound.iry of LouiHianu, for which tho Anifiricns clai.nod a iin., runmng — alouK tlif 49tli parall.'! of latitude, ui'Oi, tli.. -rou.uls that ll.i^ p.n-.dhl l„„l I.e.n mh,,U.d and .lejimleh, hHIM h,, comLxorus arpouUrd ayn-nihj to ih. ,.„,!, ar,kh uf th. tr.Uy a.nrUl.d ,a Uln-chf, in 171M, a. th. divnhn.j In.' '-->-«-„ bHw^en the French p»//<, and th- Hnt,»h tn-rdorvs o,Hwls„n« ,,,arah- Bay on th,' m>rth , and that, this tr-atv havi.,,- 1 u specially coidirui..d in thn tr.'aty of 176:$. by which ( aiiada ^^ ^sila. and tUo part of Louisiana east of the Mississippi and IhervilU, wero ce,h,d to Great I'.ritian, the re.nainder of Louisiana continued, as before, Iwundcd on the north l>y the 49th parallel." "Tliis conclusion wouUl ho undeniable, if the premises on which it is fnund.'d were correct. The tenth article of the treaty of Utr.cht does certainly stipulate that couiinissaries should be appointed by the governn.enta of Great Bntian and France respectively, to delennino the line of separation between their possessions .n the northern part of America above specitied ; and there is reason t , believe that persons were commissioned for that ol.ieot • but thre in no ecid^nc. n-hich can he admUt.d ns cMaUMi„'j the fnct that a t,nc vunuxny along the 4 J/A vamllel of latltade, or any other line, was ever adopted, or even proposed by thone comniumnes, or by lh-,r yovern- ment., J the Unut. of any part of th, Fr.nch pom..ions on the north, and of the British IhuUon'n Hay terrxtortes on the nonth." " It is true that, on some maps • Northern America, published in the middle of last century, a line drawn alona the 4-)th paralbl d.H^H appear as a part of th.. boun.lary between the French possessions and the Hudson s Bay territories, as settled according to the treaty of Itrecht : but on other maps winch are deservedly held in hiiier estimation, a ditferent line, folbanny the course ojth. hiyhlands e.circliny Hudson's Bay, is presented as ho limit of the Hudson's Uay territory, agreeably to the same tr..aty ; and, in other nntps again e.yoying equal if not greater, consideration, as liavin. 1 n published under tlie immediate direction ot the British Government. ... Ixe Larainy those British posse... ,„s /, Lansiana or Ca,uula is to be seen. In the other works political i o3. anc/geographical, Ihicli have been examine.l with reference to this ..uestion, nothing has been found 221 to sustain he belief that any line oj separation u-as ecer settld or ec.n proposed nor li.s any trace o Bud"an agreement been .liscovered in the archives of the Department of Foreign AU'a.rs of trance, which have been searched with the view of ascerUining the fact * The belief nevertheless, that the 49th parallel of latitude was fixed, by comtnissaries appointed ,, . ., • ; „„,..• .1,,. treaty of Utrecht, as th.' norihern limit of Louisiana and Western ( anada, zti:::::'::^^^^'-'--^-^"'- "■■'«' ^--^ '-• •■"■-' "»"■ °' moat important treaties. During the negotiations above mentioned, between the United States and Great liritain no attempt . ?. n ..f of the litter |.ow..r to controvert the assertion of the Americans respecting this sup,.osed r T^'l- ;: 3 1 i f Z ^^^>^ -'• -P'-'tory ..tides proposed to be lexed to the treaty boundary hue , and, m tlie ^^^^^^^^^ ^^^^^ ^^^_^,^ ^^ ^,,^^j, ^,,^ ^,,, signed by the P'-'l''-; ;-;';;;;;_ :: : , . f L Lake of the wood, until it shall intersect the 49th case may require) rom he >""',""■•'' j' i„„.„,.,ti.,n, due west, along and with the said parallel, parallel of n...h latitude^... -;^' l^^' ^ J,.^ ,^.,., ,;,.^ ,, ,., United States, to the westward of shall be the diudmg hue het«e n '"< ' ^^^^ ,^ „^,^.„., ;,. ^.a quarter ; and that the said line shall, to the said lake, as far as their said respect. w ' ^'^ ;;;' J. an ' -he northern boundary of the said Uiat extent ^,nn ^'l^^^l'';: r't:^^ Th:::!;!:;:'.: L.-t arti,.. shaU .. constmed to ext..nd to toiritones of the Unt.d ^t"- ' ^^_ ..rritories belonging to or claimed by either party on the continent r;:;;;;:tr is:::;:^ u:i;i.nt.ins.-'/ L.^^ ^as ■wove ahyu>thgoy~.u ; .■ , ,f ,l,i.\.,,l,i..ctii thrrnmf..i.ml Ill«i.truti..n.undortheWtterr. • 8«e th« oompWU, iuve»ti«»t...a "f tla- >.ul.lta , , ui t P.««a«ut Juir«n.on'. .\U.«.*ge to CoagrcM of Mftrcl. JJud. 1»0». Appkndix OK .M.ixrroiiA, GriM»n1mw'ii Hint. Orrtfim and Culi- fiiriiia, p. 2»l-3. Presidriit Jpffpisoii, nevertheless wished tliiit the ;>roW*o respecting the north west coast should be (imitted, aa it " rould iiavu little otluu' elleut tlian us an oiri-iislve intiiiiation to Spain tinit the claims of the United States extend to the Pai'itiu Ocean. However reosonalile such claims may lie, compared with those of othera, it is impolitic especially at tlie present niiitnent to strcngllien Spanish jealousies of the Uniteil States, which it is pmbrtlily an oliject with Great Britain to excite, by the clau«e in question." The outrage committed by the British upon the American frigate Chesapeake, together with the cimnge in the I'ritish ministry, prevented the ratitication of this treaty ; and the discussion of boundaries was not renewed until 1814. How for Louisiana extended westward when it was ceded by France to Spiiin, there are no means of determining. The ((ucstion lias nmcr been touched in treatii'S, or even in negotiations, so far as known. The French maps and histories are, in general, so entirely erroneous as regards the geography of America, and alwiij-s so absurd in their statements an to the extent of the Freni;h dominions, that thev are of no value as evidence ; while th(! charters nf the Ihitish sovcrigns, appiar at pre.Hi-ut, scarcely less extrava'.;ant. Those charters, embracing, together, the whole division of North America b.'tween the tSlh and 31st parallels of latitude, were, nevertliele.-is, maintained by IJreat Britain until the peace of 17GU, when her government, ly agreeing to admit the Miscissippi as the west, implicitly recognized the right of the latter power to the whole territory beyond that river between the same parallels ; and Louisiana always embraced all the French possessions west of the Missihsippi. In the absence of more direct light on the subject from history, we are forced to regard the boundaries indicated by nature — namely, the highlands separating the waters of the Mississippi from those flowing into the I'acitic or the Californian (iulf — iis the true western boundaries of the Louisiana ceded by France to Spain in 1702, and retroceded fo France in 1800, and transferred to the UnitJid States by Franco in 1803 ; but then it must also be admitted, for the same as well us for another an'' stronger reason, that the Ffritish possessions farther north were bounded in the west by the same chain of highlands; for the charter of Hudson's Bay (Jompany, on which the right of those possessions was founded and maintained, expressly included only the countries traversed by streams emptying into Hudson's Bay. slionid be omitteil, as cliiims of ihu Uiiitod with those of others, U II i toil Stat 08, wliich outragn cuiniiiittcci by ih ministry, prevented 4. here are no meaus of far as known. The iipliy of Aini'rii'a, and f no viilue as eviiience ; ant. ThoKe charters, illuls of latitude, were, ly iigreeinj,' to admit 3 territory lieyond that oss'WHions west of the ! forced to rej^ard tlie tlissisnippi from tliose le Louisiana ceded by I Slates by France in oiiger reason, that the nds ; for the charter of maintained, expressly EXTRACT From the Report of the Committee on Military Affairs, made in Congress in 1843. •'Tlio Treaty of Utioclil was couclnded in 171H. By the tenth article it was agreed between (Iroat llritiui and Fninco to determine within one year, by Corcmissioiiers, the limits between the Hudson's Bay and th(> places appertaining to the French. The same Comuiissioner.i were also authorised lo settle in like maimer, the lioimdarica between the other British and Fnncli colonies in these parts. Commissioners were accordingly appointed by the tw3 powers, and there is strong reason to believe they actually establishrd the l)MH!idavips iiccording to the terms of the treaty, althoi'.Kli no formal record of the fact now exists. The ..vi.leiice that llu; boundaries w.re thus established ;s, iirst, the fact of the appointment of the Coiuinissioiiers r.tr that express purpose, and that two distinct lines iniiy be found traced on different maps, published in the last century, each pur|.ortiii,i,' to \v the limits between the Hudson's Bay Territories on the north, and the French possessions on the soiuh, fixed by Coirmissionr.rs uccordnif,- to the Treaty of Utrecht. One of these lines is drawn irregularly from the Atlantic to a point in the 49lh parallel of latitude, south of the southernmost part of the Hudson's "l'.iiv, and thence westward along that parallel to Red River, and in some maps still fnrllier west, TMiis line is generally considered in the United States, and has been assumed by tlinr Government, as the truo bonn.lary, settled by the Commissioners agreeably to the treaty above mentioned. " Thus, we liud .Messrs. Muniu and Piiickney. at Madrid, m 1805, writing to the Spanish Ministei , . lollows ; ' In conformiiy with tli.^ teiill. irtieleof the Iirst mentioned Treaty (Treaty of Utrecht), the boundary lieiween Canada and Iv.jiusuu.a, on the one side, and the Hudson's Bay and Northwestern Companies, on the ollu'r, was established by Comiuissiniiera by a liiic to tominenee at a capo or promontory on the ocean, m oH d.'grees and ill minutes north latitude ; lo run theure southwestwardly to latitude 49 degrees north from the equator, and along that line indelinilely westward. Tiiese extracts are taken from the memoir of Mr. Urcenbow, who. It is proper to add, e.uisidcrs iho opinion thai these boundary lines were actually ctablished by lb( Coimuissioners, ' at variance with the most accredited authorities. In this opinion the Committee do not concur ■ so far fiom doing so, it is thought llu presumption, that the 4'.)th Parallel was adoi.led by the Com- lui^sioiurs under the Treatv of Utrecht, is strengthened by the line of demarcation subsequently agreed .ni by tlu- Treaty of Versailles, iu 17i>8, between France and Great Britain, and also by the Treaty of Peace of 1788, between the United Stales and Great Britain. By the former, the coiiliues between the British and French possessions were irrevocably Hx'hI 'by a lino drawn along the middle of the Mississippi, from its source to the Iberville • &c, By the latter, tiuit part of the northern boundary of the United States, which is applicable to the subject, iB described to be Unougli the Lake of the \yoods, to the most northwestern point thereof, and fpiin thence on a due west course to the Mississippi River.' .. The most northwoslern point of the Lake of llu: Woods is perhaps a few minutes north of the J9tli parallel of latitude. .. Bv the convention of 1818, between the United States and Great Britain, in the second article. ,i is agreed, that 'a line drawn from the most northwestern point of the Lake of the Woods, along the 49th parallel o? north latitude, or, if the said point shall not lie in the 49th parallel of north latit.tde. then that a hno drawn f..om the said point, due north or south, as the case may be, until the said line shall intersect the said para of north latitule, and from the point of such intersection due west, along and with said parallel shall be th demarcation bclwecii the territories of the United Slates and those of His Bnlanmc Majesty ; and that tellino shall form the northern botmdary of the said territories of the Umte. States, and the southern bldavy of the territory of His Britannic Majesty from the Lake of the Woods to the Stony Mountains. .. This line it will be observed, is a deviation from the boundary established by the Treatv for that was to extend due west from the northwoBtern point of the Lake of the Woods without any .-..^ o i I titude. By this we are m the contingency named, to run, by the shortest line fn,m the speciU. o :ir of the Woods, to the 49th parallel of latitude. Whence, it may be asked the sohc.Uule to adoj, t irarticular parallel, except as it corresponded with pre-existing arrangements, which could have been made u:i;ThrprlsL;s of the Treaty of Utrecht alone ; for under no other had any reference, at that t.me, been made to the said 4aih degree. m/' " This coincidence between the boimdariea established by (iroat Britain and France, in 1763, nml between Great Britain and the United St.ites, 1783 and 1818, can Bcarcoly he accounted for on any othf r supposition than that the said hne had been previously established by the Commissioners under the Treiity of Utrecht. " This conclusion is strengthtncd by a further coincidence in the boundaries fixed in the said Treatiin of 1768 and 1788. In both the Mississippi is adopted as the boundary, One of the linen then (the Mississippi). previously estaWished between Great Britain and Franco, beiny thus, beyond all cavil, adopted between the United States and Great Britain, may it not be fairly inferred, in the absoneo of all proof to the contrary, and with strong corroborating proof in favour of the inference drawn from the Htipulation of treaties, lines of demarcation on old maps, &o., that the other line (forty-ninth parallel), equally beyond cavil, established by the United States and Great Britain was also the same one previously existing between Great Britain and France ? " But such line had no existence, unless under the stipulation of the Treaty of Utrecht. For these reasons the Committee hare adopted the opinion, that the forty-ninth parallel of latitude was actually estabhshed by the Commissioners under that Treaty. It may not be unimportant here to observe that thii forty-ninth parallel is not a random line arbitrarily selected, but the one to which Franco was entitled upon the well settled principle that the first discoverer of u, rivor is entitled, by virtue of that discovery, to all the unoccupied territory watered by that river and its tributaries." Captain Carver, in his account of his travels already alluded to, after describing the countries from the Grand Portage, above the head of Lake Superior, to and around the Lake of the Woods, and from the head waters of the Mississippi — or what was supposed to be tlic head waters thereof — northward to and around Lake Winnipeg, and along the Bourbon River from its source, and speaking nf the Assinipoil, the Killistinoes, and other Indian tribes inhabiting those regions, and excusing them for traduig with others than the Hudson's Bay Company, on account of the great distance they had to travel to that Company's trading posts, says, (page 112) :— " It is true tiiut the parts tliey inhabit are within the Umits of the Hudson's Bay Territories, but the Company must be inidor tlio necessity of winking at an encroachment of this kind, as the Indians would, without doubt, protect tiie traders when amongst them." Here is a positive averment made in 1766, that these countries were " within the limits of the Hudson's Bay Territories," and Mr. Carver so indicated them on a map iu his work. ^ranoe, in 1768, nml od for on any otlif r under the Treaty of in the said Treatiis len (thoMiHsisaippi), •doptcil botwetin (he ;o the contrary, and I of treaties, lines of cavil, ostablisliod bv u Great Britain and Utrecht. For these itude was actually to observe that tliis ;e waa entitled upon discovery, to all the the countries from , and from the head to and around Lake he KilliBtinoes, and 1 the Uudsoa's Bay 'adiug posts, says, Territories, but the he Indians would, the limits of the