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Les cartes, planchss, tableaux, etc., peuvent Stre film6s d des taux de reduction diff^rents. Lorsque le document est trop grand pour dtre reproduit en un seui clichd, i! est fiimd d partir de i'angle sup6rieur gauche, de gauche d droite, et de haut en bas, en prenant le nombre d'images ndcessaire. Les diagrammes suivants illustrent la mdthode. 1 2 3 1 2 3 4 5 6 H •'^m^- ■a?r:^iiaT': '^MmfTmr/ Q ■ r f UP ^fe 'tA F!S^ m- n? Report ... on the *m}i^ Sewerage System of the '^^> City of Kingston. •By T. o. Bolger, City Engineer. A M- LIBRARY y Civil Ejigineering^ept. School $>f'^ining N< / / B-62 / \.. a*^* '•*'^«%N [ Kingston, Oct. 26th, 1892. To the Mayor and Council : Gentlemen— As authorised b> your instructions I t?kE r1,^'P'"" ?'^^^"^ ^"""^ '^' sumrr^er months 'to take the necessary levels to enable him to make a contour panof the cty Having taken tne levels he compared a plan of the City from the Ordnance Surveys and traced the contour hnes thereon, thus making a most complete and cttlh'e'^'tute"' "'' P^°^^ °' ^"^^^'"^^^'^ -^- '- '^' Having carefully studied this plan with reference to the sewerage of the City, I beg leave to report as follows inh.M.T^ u P^'^'"". °^*^^ C'tV which is now thickly inhabited enough to require attention in the matter of sevv- erage is under 1000 acres ; bounded on the north by the Concession roao and Stephen street, and on the west by Victoria and Collingwood streets. The tract lying north of Stephen street is so sparsely inhabited that the question of sewerage has not come up there yet. Outlets will have to be found into the river, as this section cannot be connected with the sys em of the southerly portion of the City The area lying west of Victoria and Collingwood streets as far south as Union street can all be intercepted Tnd teon' and' ?r'"°" ^i"*^^" '^ gravitation, as Ss on Johnson and Union will carry all that section eastward South of Union and west of the production of Alfred street the sewerage if ever it is conducted to the common ou fall Then oumn°.d^' T^S''^ ^'°"^ ^^"^ *° ^^^'^ Gordon and then pumped into the intercepting sewer on Stuart street but the necessity for this will not occur for years to come! ' The area above alluded to, viz : south of the Concession ahv ZilT^'l ^J'*°"l ""^ Collingwood streets, is natu" wlr Zh nf fh° u"' "^'^'"^^^ ^'^^' ' the first being the •• water shed of the old water course now occupied by what is known as the Young street sewer ; the second is thrarea oughly bounded by Barrie street on the west, and NorJS ar^ilWT!^^"°'*^r"^^^*' *h^°'d town limits. In this n.n/ I f n'*''5^\*^^* '^"^ *° ^^^ ^^ter have a direct inde! pendent fall, and the cross streets can be all drained into these by short lines of sewers, as shown on the phS wS 155625 /,K ^^J-^.-itit»4»-'^:%-;i>.f. —i—i. N .r I — 2— accompanies this report. The third area is what may be called the North street drain area, taking in all the territory north of North and Mack streets except a small section ly- mg north of the line of Pine street, which forms the fourth area. Part of this area flows naturally north towards Rus- sell street, and part easterly towards the Cataraqui, but it can be all taken down to Cataraqui street by a sewer on the line colored green on the plan. Approximately these areas contain : No. 1 200 2 350 , 3 • 350 4 100 Total 1000 acres. With regard to the disposal of the City sewerage, I have come to the conclusion, after a careful consideration of all the known means of disposing of sewerage, that the most feasible way this City can dispose of its sewerage is to de- liver it into the water of the lake either at several different outlets as at present, or to intercept as much of it as pos- sible and carry it to one common outlet, and then run it through a submerged pipe far enough out into the river that it may be carried away by the downward current. The other methods of getting rid of sewerage would all be too expensive to be considered : first for irrigation or inter- mittent downward filtration, there is no suitable land in the vicinity, as a sandy, porous soil is best adapted for that pur- pose, and in this neighborhood the soil is all a heavy, im- pervious clay ; besides, the expense of pumping such a vol- ume of sewerage to the height and for the distance neces- sary to reach any kind of available land in this vicinity would be so great that the subject cannot be entertained. Again, chemical treatment of any thorough kind would require large tanks and buildings in connection, and there is no available place within reasonable distance of the City, where the sewerage could be conveyed by gravitation for treatment, and where a suitable site for such premises could be procured, except, perhaps, in the marsh near the old lead smelting works ; anyway, the cost of these works would be very large at the outset, and there would be a constant yearly expense to keep them going. At Mimico I saw a sewer disposal work in operation on what is known as the International System, This was to • ^ I'| « | H PH that a plant to treat' te ' t.?r.7'f l:' ^"^ ^^ *'^« °P"nion by any of the chemical ^v?/5 ^'-'fTston thorouL^hlv $50,000. with a yepriy cost of if " T^l^'^ ^^^^ well on to The Conder System of Jnf ^f °° *° "^^^^ '* f^'oing. the sewers by me'lnrof smaH ann"''^' sulphate'of ifon into sa>d tohave/worked t and Tn'^^S h^ ?^' '^"°'"^^^^^^ ?tion but the plan I have cons^r^L taken mto consider- '^ThtitVwrsAiiTor^^ '^ '""^^^^^"^ advocates amon/'dlsdn' 1,'!^'"'"' ^'^'^'^ ^'^'^ ^^^h their v'^ : the Combined and Jhj 1 ""-'"^^''^ '-^"d sanitarians when there is but one sevvlr in fr'!*"' "^^^ Combined is yeyed the sevverage prope/ t h . • "'lu' /"'^ ^^^'^^ is con- the cellar drainage and nl.^ u '^ .^''^ household wastes water from the sfr^'et surt^e ^^^J^^-ter and the sTorm' nothmg mto the sewer but tL = ^^'^'^^'^^"^ ^^mits generally provides in additbn small noT''^'' • ^'""P"'' -"^ the sewer to convey the sub.o,-f ?ni ^7^°"^ ^'P^^ alongside other drains again Che sto L "t''''''x1'"^'"^^^' «"d has opinion that under favor'' mJ'^^*^''- ^^^ I am of the system is the best !; SrlS"^^^^^ ^'^ ''^^P-^te the plannmg of the sewers of . ? of view, and if I had viously exisfed. I wouTd fol?ow the^" ""' "" ^^^^^^ P^^ as possible, if it were at all nr.n^; ^l?^'^*^ ^>'^tem as ne'ar storm water without too^?eat^ .n ?^t '° ^^' "^ of the not see how that system c^TLado^e^/ i" Kingston I do all the drainage so far has been on?K' ^°'" ^^'^ '""^^^o" that some of the features of the Senarrt^ 'r^'"'^ P'""" ^"^ duced in the future w^h adv'n ^ """^ ^^ ^■"^'°- drains for subsoilvvater and thin wi^?\if'?'^^; the small the principal sewers w 11 have f h .*^! ^"^ ^^" that all "th^Thl'f^?-"^'"^"""^ '~°" ""'^'^'^ ofitM^^^^^^^^^^^ to get rid this end in^iew air L'rSTdT ^f " P'^^e, an^d I th such a grade that their least vei^n.". '\?P'^ ^"^ ^^id to second and as much more as nn«i 1^ ""-"u-^" '^° ^^^t per speed that will not wear ^hp!! P^'^'^^e within the limit of a two feet per second equIlnerrT' ""'^^'^ '^' ^''^tion Now and at this speed the sewera^^^ ^ "'''^ ^"^ ^ ^^'f an ho^ properly conducted sewer'i^^^^^^^^^ P^^^°^ Kingston in outfall pipe Within two ^o:r::?^^^t:^l^^:^Pr^e, ^* «S.'fe4i«Aji*5^ j'i>>t. where there would be a considerable flow in the sewers, but towards the upper end of all sewers the flow gets so small that periodic flushing has to be resorted to, and for this pur- pose I recommend flush tanks working automatically, flush- ing arrangements connected with the water mains and flushing flues at the dead ends of small lines, through which the flush can be made with a hose. The flush tanks are of course the best, and their number can be increased when funds are available. On the accompanying plan the proposed intercepting sewer is shown colored green. This will be an egg-shaped brick sewer 2' 4x3' 6", from the junction at Gore street, de- creasing in size to about i ' 6"x2 ' at the ends. This to con- nect with a 30" steel pipe at the foot of Gore street. The steel pipe to be about 4000 feet long to deliver the sewerage at a point beyond Point Frederick. If this point of dis- charge prove a source of danger to the water supply of the Military College, they must be either induced to take the City water or the sewerage must be carried further out. I may say here that I believe that if some suitable salt of iron, solution copperas or chloride of iron, were introduced into the intercepting sewer a certain distance back from Gore street, that the sewerage would be so deodorized and purified that it could be discharged 500 feet from the end of the wharves without being the slightest nuisance. This would save $25,000. It will be observed on inspecting the plan that a small area is left below the intercepting sewer near the Barracks to the north, and near the water works pumping station to the south, where the ground is too low for the drainage to be intercepted without pumping, but the amount of sewerage from these areas is so small that it can be emptied into the lake with impunity. In laying down the intercepting sewer I carry it along Ontario street for economy sake, although bv doing so a very small head is obtained at Gore street for the discharge through the submerged pipe. A better way would be to carry it along King street, with a low level interception on Ontario street, the sewerage in which would have to be raised by pumping or by a Shone pneumatic ejector. On the Ontario street route, as shown, the average depth of the sewer would be about 8 feet, while on the King street route the depth at William street would be over 20 feet, increas- ing the cost perhaps $20,000 ; but the King street route with a low level sewer on Ontario street would be the most com- plete. >v^ r* r. ■■■ ^^r^ft^^^^ ^ on,, contemplate north as the North s r^et dr^" 'h'^'^^P^'"^ '^'^'^ a? far P'tal, as for some years tnr^' n"*' ^""^ ^^^^^ as the Hos- outside this h-mit wi^f be too s° aM '"V"'""^^ ^^ ^^^-^^ do not contemplate an iWr^ • ^^""'^ "" nuisance. I to carry the whole voluVe of T'"^ '"''"'■ '"■^" ""°"^h flows be provided atTntJrvdffS''"^^'''^''"' '^"^ ^^at over- ftorm water into the like V^ '^'"^' *'" """"'' °^ ^''^ best practice. ^^^' ^^'^ P^^n is according to the There are four nlri of Princess street sewer the cL"'"' '" ^^^ ^'"^y' vi^.. the f reet drain, and the no th^ ?eerf "''''' ^^wer; the Young feet. These sewers more n. i'^''''"' '" ''^" ^^^out 1^,00 city between $40,000 and iTn^^ '^'^'^'"^ ^'"•"■"^' ^^^tlhe •''tateofpreservttfon Now5?J°^^^^ ^'« still in a good what they ought to be for^he camW.'^r^' ^>' "« ^'^^^ take them out and reolacp H, ^\°^ sewerage, but to would cost from $75 000 to %nT "^''K^^^d brick sewe s can be made serve fo;Tar3to^^r°-. ^°^ ^ Relieve they toms smooth and ova with cone reTe' h' "^''^•'"^ ^^eir bot^ age flow a good velocity, and also bv' ^IT- "^ ^^^ ^^^^r- proper ventilation through frequent m^r?'"^ ^^^"^ ^^ith The ten miles nf tii^ 'sequent man-ho es. made connTct"w?t / t^mem''^'''^ constructed can be n^ade to work all rigM by^mak^nrtS°''^' ^"^ ^^" be all merated below. ^ ^ ^^^'""^ *^e improvements enu- in '^'^^^a^^f^^fc^;:^^^^^ - .e constructed Some of these are very urgent whilPofK ' ^^^ '^°"« ^^^'ns. for the present. f gfve the estTmLf.^ ''' "1^-^ ^^ ^^^e^-red estimate is more than 20 p c TcZllf^ '°'*, °^^^^h. This the sewers already construcied T ^'fV'^^ actual cost of to cover extra depth requLedin.K P"' ^^^ cost thus high I also name and estimate 1 "i '"'"''^^ °^ ^^e city. ^ ones that will have to bTc^ntSd iZr °"^^'^^ ^^^ ^^d Any sewer not enumerated ntlec"^^*'^^"^^'• ^^ture. the plan can be easily brought in oth.^"^."^' °' ^^«^" °n I also stronsrlv r/rr,r»^ \ , '"^ system. storm water drfli; rn'^-^Jo'ri t d c"fr^^'°" .^^ ^ '-^^ the lake, to cut off the floods fmmh ^°"'"^^^°od streets To 'nunj^es of heavy freshets, overb^^ "^^^ ^^^ich, and this overloading will be inrrf ^ '^.°'^" *o^" sewers ments are mada in tlie westeri aref r "'' '"^''^ '"^P'-o^^- absolutely necessary ^'^^- ^ consider this drain i t '' p - -6- If all these su^Kcstions are carried out the quantity of sewer {ijas in the sewers would be reduced to a minimum, and if the proper precaution is taken in the house drainage and phnnbinK no sewer j,'as need ever enter a house ; in fact there would be very little dangerous gases in the sewers to hurt anything. The following is a Schedule of the suggested improve- ments and an a|)proximate estimate of their cost : — INTERCEPTING SEWER. Hrick sewer from Hospital to (lore street, 3200 feet, at 3!6 $i(j2oo 00 Hrick Fewer from North street drain to Gorestreet, 5200 fest at $6, J1200 00 25 nianiioles at if 50 1250 00 lirick chamber on (lore street 1000 00 14 overtlows 1400 00 4000 feet steel 30 in. pipt; at J7 28000 00 PRESENT TILE SEWERS. 46 new manholes at 50 $2300 00 44 flushing connections at l$40 1760 00 Kxtra manhole covers 600 00 32050 00 OLD STONE SEWERS. Concreting Princess St. Drain bottom, 3200 feet at 60c. $1920 00 9 manholes at 850 450 00 Concreting North St. Drain, 6000 feet at 60c $3600 00 12 manholes at $30 60000 Concreting Young St. Drain, 5000 feet at 60c ^3000 00 12 manholes at $50 600 00 $4660 00 2370 00 4200 00 3600 00 810 00 $10980 00 TILE SEWERS PROPOSED TO REPLACE OLD STONE DRAINS. Barrie street, Colborne to King, 3S00 feet, 12, 15, and 18 in. tile, with 1 1 manholes and i flush tank $5430 00 Division street, from Brock to Earl, 1200 feet, 2 ft. 6 in. briclc sewer 6000 00 Union street, from West to King, 750 feet, 12 in. tile, with 2 man- Connreting Clarence St. Drain, iioo feet at 60c $660 00 3 manholes at %^o 150 00 holes and i flush tank 1355 00 West street, from Union street to Lake, 850 feet 12 in. tile, with 2 manholes and i flush tank 1280 00 Gore street, from Bagot to King, 1100 feet 12 in. tile, with 3 man- holes and I flush tank jgjo 00 William street, from Barrie to Ontario, 2400 feet 12, 15, avid 18 in. tilei with 7 manholes and i flush tank 4080 00 Johnson street, from near Barrie to Ontario, 2900 feet 12, 15, and 18 in. tile, with 7 manholes and i flush tank 6280 00 wi nr» ifl„ 'awni ii jix quantity of a minimum, ise drainage a house ; in n the sewers ed improve- X :— , $19200 00 at $6, J 1 200 uo , 1250 00 1000 00 I 400 00 28000 00 S82050 00 )0 00 >o 00 )0 00 $4660 00 10 00 ,0 00 2370 00 >o 00 10 00 4200 00 >o 00 10 00 3600 00 )0 00 iO 00 810 00 $10980 00 NE DRAINS. tile, 85430 00 jrick .... 6000 00 man- 1355 00 ith 2 1 280 00 man- .... 1930 00 Sin. .... 4080 00 and 6280 00 gueen street, from Chapman street Vr,??L« r .8 in. tile, with 7 mSltS M us'r.aT '' ''' '^' ""'' Colborne street, from Division t , Syc e am n ' V '; " • : w.th 5 manholes and 2 flush tanks ' ^°° ^''' '^ '"' '"«' xiay street, from above Montre.ql tn ui,\LV..' ' I ' V- Ncrtr'?^?^^"^'^''-''' '-'-PM^^^^ '"" '''' " '"• •"«■ North street and R dean Monirpal ir> u^ ; with 2 manholes and . lam fhole "''' '°"° ^'''' " '"• «"- Clergy street. Ordnance to Earl! 1600 feet holes Sydenham street, fsay to'West, 9 in. tile, with 7 lamp hoi^s ' :':r::; "z :° r^''. '"^ '^^'^ ^ '"• »*'«. wi^; ;o- iam,; 3'jo 00 6480 00 2760 00 'J50 00 1500 00 2100 00 Montreal street, 2i(^ feet g'inV tile, witli'o lamn ui ^700 00 K,„,,,„e, G.,e ,o Placed ■a;.,-. -aj.o Veei oi^'mi: iimi\;^i, ■"" "« ..nianhote and 3 lanTphoW"""' '"» '»« '> "• '"-■ «M j "iCMer'''"''"°°'='''i"'iil»:"i'i.'ima„h„le..„d Un J 1 00 00 2400 00 'JOG 00 700 00 I 400 00 1500 00 NEW TILE SEWERS RECOMMENDED 1000 00 3641305 00 $1000 CO 1500 00 1 Ra3anKH^"''^?'''"'^^'^'d''Soofeei': 40oo oo i^agian Koad, 1200 feet 3000 00 1800 00 i SUMMARY. *"''°° °° Intercepting Sewers.. Improvements to present Vile hewers if82,05o 00 Improvements to old stone drains 4.66000 Replacing old stone sewers .... 10,98000 New tile sewers recommended. . . .' ■.■.■;;;;;; 64,305 00 11,300 00 Storm water drain, Victoria and Cdiingwood .... » w"^?^ 8,100 00 1181,395,00 w.M I pwwsj •iis.-fc^AJ^M ii.'S^'-'Wif M^JJrw.n"' sift. • ■** ■>■-•'-" -1 j.-^ 'J — 8— The length of the present tile sewers is about 52 ooo feet The length of the old stone sewers to remain 1 5I300 " The length o£ the intercepting sewer including submerged pipe. 12,400 '• The length of sewers recommended to replace old seweis 37 000 " The length of new sewers recommended 8,100 " „ ., 124,800 feet or 23! miles, ^ ,'•1 In conclusion I would recommend that in such an im- portant matier as this, the opinion of an expert sewer- age engineer be obtained. I would suggest the following names of American Eng- ineers who stand high in such matters, viz, Rudolph Hering, Chester Davis, Mr. McAIpin, and Col. Waring; either of these would be first class but very expensive. We have good men in Canada who, I think, would do equally as well and cost not perhaps half the money. I may mention Allan McDougallj William Kennedy or Thos. Keefer. The latter is the most eminent but is, perhaps, too old to care about such work. I may add that if the cost of the intercepting Sewer is too great to attempt in the present state of the City's finances, all the other works could be carried out either in the whole or in part and the intercepting Sewer left till the City could afford it. Respectfully submitted. T. O. BOLGER, City Engineer. *sFw-««?n "vmii "-,»V^ Kt:,V t f* 'J| *,3 J ■-'■I "Wt