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 1 2 3 
 
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 2 
 
 3 
 
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 6 
 
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 ,*-««^ •■•«/'*■ 
 
 •'i»%»^'V' 
 
 K M I G 11 A T I O N. 
 
 LEJ^EIl 
 
 TO A MEMBER OF PARLIAMENT, 
 
 CONTAIM.NC 
 A STATEMENT OF THE METHOD IMUSIKD DY TflK 
 
 PETWORTII C03IMITTFJ-] 
 
 ■#■-'■ ^ 
 
 - -> ■ 
 
 ..-. - ■ '-.■*■■'" 
 
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 IN SENDING OUT EMIGRANTS TO 
 
 UPPER CANADA, 
 
 IX THE YEARS J832 AND 1833. 
 
 A N D 
 
 # 
 
 A PLAN ri'ox WHICH the skms keqvired for 
 
 DEFRAYING THE EXPENCE OF EMIGRATION 
 , , MAY BE UArSED. 
 
 SOLD BY J. PIIIL'U'SI, PETWORTH, and LONGMAN 
 AND CO. LONDON. 
 
 1833. 
 PRICE 6IXrEN.CE. 
 
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 LE'ITER, cScc. 
 
 ' 
 
 SIR, 
 
 I have drawn up tlie following statements and 
 observations, in consequence of the letter of enquiry on the 
 subject of emigration from this neighbourhood to Upper Ca- 
 nada, which I had the honor of receiving from you ; and shall 
 feel peculiarly gratified should they, in any degree, contribute 
 1 )\\ ards promoting the important object you have in view. 
 
 In the beginning of ia32, The Earl of Egremont having 
 expressed his willingness to afford liberal assistance to such 
 artizans and lal)orers, living on his estates, or in the imme- 
 diate neighbourhood, as might be disposed to endeavour to 
 better their contlition by emigrating to Canada, a committee 
 was formed at Petworth, under his Lordship's patronage, 
 for the purpose of effecting this object. 
 
 The Committee was aware, that the plan which had 
 been adopted by some parishes, of sending out laboring emi- 
 gwmts to Quebec, putting a few pounds in their pockets, 
 and then, in the language of Mr. Fergusson, of Woodhill, 
 (Report to the Highland Society) "casting them absolutely 
 adrift," without having made any previous arrangements, 
 either for locating them, or for providing work, Mas liable 
 
 u 
 
I 
 
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 M 
 
 i 
 
 I 
 
 X:>(//'fa( ii/'jt'ctlo/if! ; tlr.t tlu' poor |K"(»i>!i' \\'< re (ni'u'kly re- 
 lieved of thiir casli hy the Uivcrn keopors, and oUiers, who 
 arc ever on the wvlch to impose upon the ignnr:int ami un- 
 wary, and ''then loft deslitnte, abiirtlieu to tlit-mselves, and 
 ** a ri"ni:janco to tiip province": and uhu» that various tiiu(>llers 
 in Canada, eomplain of havint; m. t hir<,n» parlies of tliese 
 people wanderinir about, in a '^tate of nuhery and destitution, 
 highly disereditahie to the eonntry which luui sent them 
 forth into a strange bad, (apparently) utterly eareless of their 
 future fate. 
 
 B'ing anxious th;r;'r(ne, to prevent the oeeurrenee of 
 sueh scenes, with re£?;ard to an}' etuij^rants who tnight go out 
 under their management, the tomniittee eni^aged a person to 
 take ch.art^e of th(>ir party, wliosc dut'cs s^hould not be re- 
 stricted simp'y to attciuling to the people on board !^hip, and 
 seeinpf them saft ly landed at (iuebec, or Montreal, but should 
 extend to the aceonipanyinj^ them l/ie U'fii.f" (fisfartce to York, 
 in Uppci- Caitcda. 
 
 Tlie eoniii\ittee then enijaged the JiOUi) Mei<vill«, 
 425 toi.s rei;ister. to take the emij^rants (iii board in /^or/.«- 
 mouth Ilurboitr, iitid to sail from thenee, to M'nitreul direct, 
 and siibsequcntly, the number of persons wishing to avail 
 themselves of their arrangements, being much greater than 
 could be aeeommodated 'v.\ one ship, they also engaged the 
 Eveline, and provided a superintendent to take charge of 
 the party in her^ in the same manner as they had already 
 done, with respcit to that in the Lord Meh il'.e. 
 
 By the favor of Lord (loderieh, the then Colonial Se- 
 rretary, the sniperintendent of each ship w as provided with 
 letters to the Governors of tlie respecti\e provinces of I'pper 
 and Lower Cana<la, strongly recommending those under his 
 charge to their car« and protection , 
 
 On the arrival of these emigrants at York, Upper 
 Canada, vcrj- great attention was paid to them by the Gover- 
 
6 
 
 nor. Some Merc sent through tlie "^Velland Canul to Kettle 
 Oeck, ami from thence conduetetl to tlic New Settlement 
 of Adelaide, in tlie Lojuion Dibtriet, and placed under the 
 management of Col. xMount, to whose rare and attention, 
 many of the h'tters received from thence bear honorable tes- 
 timony ; others were forwarded to the neighbourhood of 
 (lalt, and tlie township of Waterloo; and some were em- 
 [)loyed on the go\crmiient works. All the letters that have 
 been received (many of vhieh have been published) sprak 
 of the writers luuing greatly improved their situation, by 
 this removal to another part of the British empire, and we 
 have not yet seen a single one, m wliich any regret at the 
 change has been expressed. 
 
 The natural consequence of such favorable reports, was 
 n wish on the part of many persons, to imitate the example 
 that had been set them ; especially funong those whose rela- 
 tions or friends had gone out so recently; and on the 25th. 
 April last, the ship Kxca.AM), Wl tons register, sailed from 
 Tortsmouth, under similar arrangements as the two former, 
 but with several improvements in thein, which experience 
 Jiad suggested. 
 
 A superintendent wa.s engaged, who had been several 
 years owner and nuister of a merchantman, and who, in ad- 
 dition to his general nautical knowledge, is particularly 
 acquainted with the Canadas. lie had last year condui:ted a 
 jiarty from Portsmoxitli to Huft'aloe, and from tlience over 
 land to Nelsonville, in the Ohio Territory; and although 
 cholera wan superadded to the usual contingencies of such a 
 voyage and journey, delivered them all safe at their place of 
 destination. 
 
 The supcrir>tendent of this last ship was also lavorcd, 
 by the present Colonial Secretary, with a letter of recom- 
 mendation to the Governor of each Province. 
 
6 
 
 •M 
 
 I 1 
 
 J 
 
 m' 
 
 The number of persons who emigrated from Portsmouth 
 in the last and present year, under the management of the 
 Committee, or under similar arrangements, is as follows : 
 
 Date. 
 
 Above 14 
 
 Under 14 
 
 
 yrsofage 
 
 yrs of aye 
 
 
 
 • 
 
 
 gn 
 
 ^ 
 
 ij 
 
 
 a 
 
 ■ 
 
 13 
 
 1 
 
 9i 
 
 s 
 
 1 
 
 ^, 
 
 
 S 
 
 CK4 
 
 H 
 
 Ship. 
 
 b\H-\ 
 
 q I Lord 
 •'> Melville & 
 
 /'iai I 117 I l'i*i| H4 
 April 11th. 1832 i Ch1>'» Pa««^""gers 
 
 I 6O3J ^''^^'"^• 
 
 May 9th. 1832 | 164 England. 
 
 ( 98 I 37 I 40 I 21 I 196 
 April 25th. 1833^ Infants 
 
 \ Cabin Passenger 
 
 )6) 
 
 England. 
 
 Total 730 Passages, or f)70 Individuals. 
 Among the Females above 14 years of age, were 1 widow 
 and 14 single women, not belonging to any of the families 
 on board. The greater part of the males above that age, con- 
 sisted of agricultural laborers. In addition to whom were 
 
 Artist 1 
 
 Blacksmiths 2 
 
 Bricklayers 13 
 
 Brickmakers 3 
 
 Butchers 2 
 
 Carpenters 7 
 
 Farmers 2 
 
 Gardeners, 6 
 
 Landscape Painter 1 
 
 Miller 1 
 
 Painter (house) 1 
 
 Pensioners (army) 3 
 
 Pruiter 1 
 
 Sawyers 9 
 
 Schoolmasters 2 
 
 Shoemakers 8 
 
 Tailor I 
 
 Turners 2 
 
 Weavers I 
 
 Woolstapler 1 
 
 Wheelwrights 2 
 
■«IJW I IHI'V.IMIIf > 
 
 It iniiy be proper lien? t<i oxpluin tluit by the torn i /j^.»w;<» 
 we mean one iiidiviiUuil Jibo\c II years of ai;e, or hru under 
 that age. 
 
 The followinL' is tiie bill of fare allowed bv us on board 
 the England, printed u)pies of wliich Mere freely distributed. 
 
 EitiUirauts hi the Shijf EiuflaiKt. 
 Kvery person above 14 years of age — reckcniing two for 
 one under that age, and exclusive of infants, is entitled to 
 receive, during the course of each week, the foliowing rations, 
 but to be given out at such tinus, and in su( h proportioji^ iu 
 shall be found convenient. 
 
 ()H Meat .'» U)s. 
 
 Bread and Flour . . . ..'> lbs. 
 
 7 lbs. 
 7 lbs. 
 
 Meat 
 
 Flour aiul Bread . 
 
 Oatmeal I lb. 
 
 Potatoes 4 lbs 
 
 Tea 2 o/. 
 
 or \ lb. ColVee 
 Sugar 1 lb. 
 
 Braiuly, to those ) . . 
 above I iyrs. only /* * 
 
 (^atnjcal 1 Ih. 
 
 Potatoes KMIw. 
 
 Cheese 1 lb. 
 
 Butter or I/ard Ub. 
 
 'lea 2 „/ 
 
 or ColTee } lb. 
 
 Sugar I Ih. 
 
 Haisins \ lb. 
 
 Brandv, to those \ . . 
 above '1 I vrs. only r- ' 
 Onions, soap, tobacco, vinegar, ^c. in such quantities 
 as may be directed by the superintendent. 
 
 Porter, ^c. for the sick, under the direction of the surg<?on. 
 The brandy to be given in not less than three times its 
 quantity of water. 
 
 Provisions were put on board sui.lcient for 63 days, or 9 
 weeks, and a ton of pure water for every lowx pasmrfes, which 
 alloAvs of 1 gallon per day, for each pmmge^ during the abo\'<» 
 named period. 
 
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II 
 
 nt-." 
 
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 V 
 
 4 
 
 It wa« h\ yi.ii- 1( tni-l thiit tlip lii;^Iily sailed Irish beef, 
 allh()Ui;1i not in.acrcptahli' to sailors, who have been long 
 nci'ustoii.t'tl to it, was pecullnrly so to our country pf'ople. 
 TlioTi^h upcd to i'.d-i" liJird at lit-nn", yet partly (mm want of 
 habit, and partly fi'oia «ea sleuMi is, tluy i(.'uld witli ^'rcat uif- 
 fieulu c;.! it, and Mould have 'mv fvrred liviii'r entirely on drv 
 bread, or biscuit, duriiit;- the whole voyat:fi — The complaints 
 on this hid)iect, in letters to their friends at home, were al- 
 most uuivtrsal — therefore, in vii*tuallii.c; the Enj^land, wc did 
 not put on board any Irish beef, but sujjplied its pla<T 
 with some that had been salted at Portstnouth for us, only 
 the week before the ship sailed, Mith bacon and pork, that 
 had been cured t(»r tl;e express purpose at I'etworth, to- 
 gether with ^. .\e Irish bacon and pork, of the very best 
 «pudity that could be procured. 
 
 The 'tween decks of the l'in;L;-land was di\ided iiito main 
 and fore steerr»;;e — the roriner for families — the latter for 
 single men and l^'cys ah,)\i.' 1- or 13 years of age — a Mater 
 closet was plared ui tie alti-r end of the nuun steerage on one 
 side, and a .yuire berth kit en the other, to be used if occasion 
 should recpiire, as ai» ho^pitul. Six feet by two feet was al- 
 lowed per passage ior the sleeping berths. 
 
 A surgeon (amendjtr (,f the College of Surgeons' and 
 the Apothecarys' ConipM')) v.ent out Miih the ship, under 
 an eiigagement to atliud to tlie (^migrants yrnfis — and he 
 v.is fu^u^hed with a \\\'\\ M-pplicd medicine chest. 
 
 Upon the above plan, we cni'aged to convey antl provision 
 emigrants, from Portsmouth to York, Tapper Canada (enu- 
 grant tax and any other contingent expence included) for £'10. 
 per passage, charging n(jthing for infants under 12 months. 
 
 The foregoing details and remarks, apply solely to the 
 passar/e — 1 come now to speak of the ouijit. The scale 
 adopted by the parish of Fetworlh (and M-hich Mas there 
 follcMcd M'ithout any variation) has been considered by se- 
 
4» 
 
 vrr.il uf tl.^ ia'ifrhl)ourin'^' puri.^hes, as t.xi ll'U, u'.iili' ollicrs 
 have iii.i(i«« rvfii larii;ir alhnuiticfa — it i< ai lollovvs : 
 
 To cvory oiio a]);)Vf 1 | uurs of a2;i' LT) 
 
 rndcr that ai-c, iiM-liidin:^ int'.mls t.i. Vh. 
 
 ThiiH. 1^ j^ 
 
 A man and ^vifi.• at .l.'». t uli 1() () 
 
 Three chiKhvn midor 1 I yrs. of age at 4^') 10 10 10 
 
 Total aliowaiur fir outfit 20 1(} 
 
 Coiivoyaiu'e :*'i () 
 
 \VhoIo coi^t 55 10 
 
 Ah the s\inis to he paid for the oiitlit of emi:(raiits from 
 the parish of IVtworth, ui-re to bv^ ralsvd in that parish, ue 
 made arraur^aMnents that awAx portion of those sums, as was 
 necessary for providing ch)thes, (^c, (.dundd be expencled 
 thrre ; and having' ai,'rced with diilVrent sliopIuTpers, to tur- 
 ni.sh particular artie'es, at speclncd prices (ulth a stipulation 
 that tliey should be /loiiic made) we jravc the people ordcia 
 on them accordinjily— we e;.i[)Ioyed also several of our shoe- 
 makers (who were workisji,' on the hii^hways) to make shoes, 
 and supplied tl • emigrants wilh them at the cost of t!ie 
 leather, &c. This ])!an produced for the moinenl. a consi- 
 derable increase of business in the town, and occ\ipation to 
 some of the poor, especially the females; for many intended 
 emigrants from the neighbouring pariahes, fmding fluit they 
 could be provided here immediatelv, with ready made articles 
 of various kinds, almost as cheap, and certainly better, than 
 those w hich are usually termed slop gi)od9, gladly availed 
 themselves of the circumstance. 
 
 The parish engaged to pay the various bills, to the full 
 amount allowed for outfit, if reqiiircd ; but, in most cases, 
 there was, on the winding up of the account, a balance in 
 favor of the emigrant, and for this a bill was given him on 
 the Conuuirisioners of the Canada Company, at York, (the 
 
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pr 
 
 10 
 
 m 
 
 i . 
 
 i. ' 
 I'" t 
 
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 f 
 
 directors having kliicily alTonled us this aecominockitioti) the 
 amount of uhich was, in several instarices increased, hy the 
 Tiddition of small sums which the emigrant had been able t<» 
 raise, from the sale of his few goods, or by the kind contribu- 
 tions of relations and friends, as the more prudent paid these 
 into our liauds, tliereby avoiding all those risks attendant upon 
 eurrying the money with them, or receiving it, either at 
 Quebec or Montreal, which might arise either fnmi their own 
 inexperience, or imprudence, or the arts of evil minded per- 
 sons. To protect the emigrant al^o against the loss he 
 Plight incur, by the |>ill getting into other haiuls, it w.is not 
 p lyable, unless countersigned by the superintendent, or un- 
 less the party holding it was identified, to the satisfaction of 
 the Commissioners. The bills ihus issued by the Committee, 
 \aritfd in amount from i.*l. to £(\it. The latter sum was 
 deposited with them by a man who had been a small farmer. 
 
 The expence attendant on the plan [lursued in the parish 
 of Pct\rorth, as stilted ab»»\'e, may at first sight, appear high 
 — yet, if it be considered, that this is the p'/iaic cost, and that 
 the emigrant is si posed to make a suflicient reserve from 
 his outfit allowance, for the su])ply of his immediate wants, 
 on arrival at the place of his location, our expenditure will 
 not be found materially to dillor from many calculations that 
 have btcn made, and to be lower thiin som« of them. 
 
 Mr. FergusEon est i nates the cost of removing and settling 
 50 families, such as I have desiribed, at £2800. He allows 
 a sum for purchase of land, implements, ami seed, and 60 
 days [)rovisiofjs after arrival — but makes no allowance whatever 
 for outfit. 
 
 £ 
 
 Mr. Fen-usson's estimate for 50 families, each con-lrtQ^v^ 
 sistingofman, wife and Schildern J--^w«i 
 
 Our actual expenditure for one such family is £55 . 10 
 making for 50 families ". . 
 
 '}2/75 
 
 T.ess than Mr. Fcrgusson's estinjate 
 
 25 
 
^H" 
 
 "Wi^mmmmfin^ 
 
 ^ 
 
 n 
 
 We are inclined to think, that if the emigrant be con- 
 veyed, ut once, to the Upper Province, where work is abun- 
 dant, and liave a moderate smn at his dit^posal, on arrival, this 
 will prove, on tlie whole, a cheaper plan ; and that the indi- 
 vidual will be more likely to exert himself, when thus left to 
 his own resources, than if located in any particular spot, and 
 provided for, for a time, by the care, and, at the cost of 
 others : and the complete success of many of the families 
 thus sent out, as described in the letters, that have been re- 
 ceivcdjjconfirms us in this opinion. 
 
 It being practicable then, to enable such a family as is 
 named above, to emigrate ramfortuu!>i, to Upper Canada, 
 witii good hopes of tloing well there, for the sum of i-TiS. 10, 
 the next question is, what expence the family is to the parish 
 at home. This cannot be calculated at less than £25. per an- 
 num, even without allowing any thing for contingencies from 
 sickness, or accident, or for the probable increase of the fa- 
 mily : to enable it to emigrate therefore, with every prospect 
 of enjoyhig an abundance of the necessaries of life, will cost a 
 sum very little, if at all, exceeding that v\liich would be ne- 
 cessary for providing a bare subsistence at home for two years. 
 
 Let us now look at the case of a single man, of whom 
 we have numbers, necessarily employed by the parish, and 
 not eurnini/ one farthing. 
 
 A single man in the poor-house costs us 3s. ^h1.^ r.Q o 
 per week, and per annum J 
 
 Or on the highways, at js. per ucek only, and,1 ^.lo 
 deducting a month for harvest, per ammm / 
 
 Several such have emigrated to Upper Canada, and the cost 
 
 has been for each. 
 
 Passage XIO. 
 
 Outht 4' :». 
 
 Total.. £15. 
 A sum only exceeding by l-lth. the cost at home for one 
 
 year. 
 
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 12 
 
 1 i-ovuc now to >|)t>aU of tlio moiif in nliuh tlio cxjiciisc 
 of emicnition, from this tu'l'-iibourhooil, Mas providod for, in 
 the hist aiul t'jo pr.^Ltciit y.';\r. 
 
 Tn l\'t\vu;t'i, ii.ul lo-ir a.'ljoiiiing panslie?, M-hcre Lord 
 pLM-cinont poi{::cssc3 tlic wholv', or a very hirge proportion, of 
 (He huid, his Loni.ship has pa^^^ the irho/t' cxpeiice of the 
 /.Kh'-sfff/r. The outfii: has hcen supplied (bring considered in 
 Xlio nature of an adwuicc of relief) from tlie poor's rate. In 
 (,t!ier pari.slies, in this nci!i;hl)our]u)od, where Lord Egrcniont 
 jA).-:;>sfies property, he has paid a ])ortion of the expence of 
 pasfiaf/c, far e-<eocdini; Iii- proportion of pn;{)erty ; and the 
 retnalndi'r has beeii made up by other land owners ; the 
 n;;tjoril(/ u^ whcnn, :!s ^vell as of oecupleri«, have been disposed 
 to bear tlieir sliare of the present burthen, with the hope of 
 future advant.i:,'o. 
 
 Still there i.-, and aluays \\ill he, a v/inorilt/, who from 
 various eauses. t!;rv)\v diflienlties in the way. 
 
 Aniouii; the owners, some will not contribute any thing ; 
 3on)e caiHiot aii-.rd inneh ; some have only a life interest in 
 the propei'ty to he relieved t — some are only trustees, and are 
 not antliorized to diseharyx* any but legal claims : — and the 
 oceupi»Ts, in many parishes, are so oppressed by the poor's 
 rates, that, although fully convinced of the ultimate savin;^ 
 that would en.-ue, from an increased outlay at the j)rescnt 
 moment, it is not in their power to malce it. 
 
 'i'htse (liliieuUics h.avc been surmounted in some instances, 
 by one or nidn^ laiu! owners advancing the sums iieccssary 
 for prtymciit of t'le passages, and also ihi'se for tlie outfit, 
 nut of ti'.eir own poeivcts ; and taking their chance of being 
 repaid, partly by tiie other land owners, and i)artiy from the 
 poor bw'-'w It h obvious, lujv.evcr, tha.t emigration cannot 
 L'og be carried on, by sueii moan'-.; and, in point of fact, 
 several f<imiiies, in some adjoining parishes, wlio were very 
 desirous ofgoiujj out this last spring, to rehitions uiul friends 
 
p^p^ 
 
 15 
 
 already siittU'd in Upper C/un;u]:i, and wliuho gui/ig, it vvus 
 gencraliy udniitted, woukl have been liighly beneiickil tu 
 themselves, and a great relief to tl:e parishes they belong to, 
 could not be f;ent, owin-^ to the iin}>osoibility oi' raising the 
 necessary funds — Tlic money indeed, would iiave been inniie- 
 diately lent, at low interest, and with arran: -euKMitu to nial.e 
 the repaynicni very easy, if 'H'fJcieii' .^i^cur/rt could have been 
 given ; but as that eould not be douv-, and ab the parties v.lso 
 would have advanced the money, had a considerable d.!>t 
 still due to them, for similar advanees last year, they naturally 
 tleciincd to run any fiutlier risk. There f^eems thcrehn-e, to 
 be an evidee.t necessity for sonu' legal provision oa t !i > subji et. 
 Stroiig objections luive been made, to granting per- 
 juission to present ou lu^rs and oeeupiers of land, to burl hen 
 future oiu's, f(tr their own innneiliate bcnelii ; but a j)Iiiii 
 might be devised by whieh tlie re/icf would be hrnvr/l/aft', 
 wliiie the hurt lie)} should be so e<pntably npporti(uied, be- 
 tween present ami future o\4 lu rs and oeeujuers, ?..» to fail 
 unfairly on no one. 
 
 Assmniiig that the sum of £15. is the ichole cost for 
 enabling a single man to emigrate ; and that it is considered 
 c(|uitable for the owner of the land, the beiielit to whom is in 
 perpetuity, to pay 2-.Srds, of the e:;i)enee, or X'lO. ; ami tiie 
 orruphr, to whom tliC a<ivantagp nuiy be only temporary, to 
 pay the r nuiining l-.'ird, or £,').; and that "JO single nun 
 wish to emigrate fron\ any particular parish, the total cost 
 AviU be jtNHK). 
 
 To raise the abo\ c sum, might not the ow)iers of proper- 
 ty in any parish, be authorised by consent, in writing, of 
 
 in number and value, to nuike 
 a rate upon all the property in that parish, Ui the anujunt of 
 2-.*?rds. of the sum rc(iuired ; and the occupiers, at auuetiiig 
 in vestry assembled, alter due notice, by consent of 
 
 be authorised to borrow , and give security 
 
 /I 
 
mf^^^" 
 
 h ) 
 
 14 
 
 ';/ 
 
 i, 
 
 upon the poor's rates, for the l-3rtl. This m'njfht be done by 
 bonds, of £50. each, or even £25., if tliought expedient, 
 bearing interest, as the parties might ngree ; conditioned for 
 repayment of tlic principal, by such a mnnber of annual in- 
 stahnents, witii interest, (not exceeding some fixed number, 
 to be specified by the k^gishiture,) as shoukl be settled among 
 the parties respectively ; and which shares or bonds should 
 be transferrable : or, if the immediate payment of the land- 
 lords portion should seem to press hard, upon those among 
 them, who had only a life interest in the property ; might not 
 the vjhoh' sum required, be permitted to be borrowed, upon 
 the joint security of both owners, and occupiers ; and repaid 
 as before suggested, and in such proportions, as the legislature 
 might direct. 
 
 A plan similar to this has been often adopted hy parishes ^ 
 under the 22. Geo. 3. commonly called "Gilbert's Act," for 
 the purpose of building united work houses. 
 
 Suppose then, this sum of £300. were borrowed, at £4. 
 per cent, to be I'cpaid by ten annual instalments, the account 
 would stand thus. 
 
 
 Payment for 
 
 * 
 
 Interest 
 
 and 
 Principal. 
 
 Proportioi 
 
 I to be paid 
 
 Years 
 
 By the Owners. 
 
 From Poors Rate. 
 
 
 £ s d 
 
 £ s d 
 
 £ s d 
 
 1 
 
 42 
 
 28 
 
 14 
 
 2 
 
 40 16 
 
 2; 4 
 
 13 12 
 
 3 
 
 39 12 
 
 20 8 
 
 13 4 
 
 4 
 
 3S 8 
 
 25 12 
 
 12 16 
 
 5 
 
 37 4 
 
 24 10 
 
 12 8 
 
 6 
 
 3(> 
 
 24 
 
 12 
 
 / 
 
 34 10 
 
 23 4 
 
 11 12 
 
 8 
 
 33 12 
 
 22 8 
 
 11 4 
 
 9 
 
 32 8 
 
 21 12 
 
 10 10 
 
 10 
 
 31 4 
 
 20 10 
 
 10 8 
 
 
 300 
 
 244 
 
 122 
 
■•■•■-4J1II 
 
 15 
 
 I will now point out Mliat can bo done with the above 
 
 sum. 
 
 A man and wife and .J children can be enabled tol ,.-- ,^ 
 emigrate tor . . . . . . j 
 
 If we add an infant, the expence of the passage will ] 
 
 not l)e increased, but ihv. ok tjil will require, /'// > .'3 10 
 
 50 
 
 addition 
 
 
 Fotnl for (» individuals 
 
 But let us sav £'^>0. Five such families, or 30 huli-') . 
 
 vidvnis can eniigratcfor 
 
 / 
 
 300 
 
 1 I 
 
 One such family as above stated, would cost in the » 
 poor bouse per week . . . . J 
 
 In ow<?year . . . . . . . . ol 12 
 
 Fitv? such families would cost .. .. *27'5 
 
 A large portion of the whole sum required for their emi- 
 gration. 
 
 But this is supposing an extreme ease. 
 
 The loudest estimate of the annual expence of <nip ) 
 
 such family, and witliout aUowing any thing > 'io 
 for contingencies, will be . . . , 1 
 
 i'7yc' then w<mld cost o^/ww«//y .. .. 12r» 
 
 On this supposition, then, they could emigrate for little 
 
 more than they would cost at home in tivo years. 
 
 Owe single man above 14 years of age, at 5s. per"^ «.« 
 week, only, costs the parish in one year j 
 
 Twenty then will cost in that time . . . . i,*260. 
 
 For, though some deduction might be made for the har- 
 vest months that will not do more than cover contingencies 
 for the year. 
 
 Twenty such single men woidd cost hi (he poor- ^ ^'m** 
 house in one year, at 3s. (id. per week each J 
 
 The above five families, or twenty single men, can emi- 
 grate, for a payment on the part of the owners of property, 
 of iJ28, and of the occupiers of i^'M, for the first year ; which 
 payments would go on gradually to diminish as above stated. 
 
 a 
 
1() 
 
 i 
 
 n : 
 
 
 
 -^1 
 
 *• ! 
 
 li" sonir Ml' h pLiii as lias been hort' jxjiiitcd out, were 
 adoptetl, the j)re;-sm'{' mi the poor'^ rales Avould be }:jreatly 
 lij^ltteucjl, even t lie ///•*/ year ; and Ihi- aiiiiinil payineiits would 
 go on to diinhi'i.sli, scnnewliut in the suine pniportion as the 
 expellee, for those who mijiUl eini;;iate, woiihl ediitinne to 
 increase, il' they rci.iaiiud at h nm*. Tlio advantage, therefore, 
 to owners and o'uiipierH of properl;, avouUI bo eonsiderab.'e ; 
 but by far the i^reatrst beneiit aceriu\s to llie eniii!;raiit.s tliein- 
 sclves. By cnthirinjj^ ji uw Avecks of incoiivenienee mid 
 fatigue, tlivV are elevated to a elas^i in soeiety, far above tliat 
 they before oecupied. Htie lluy are regarded by many, as an 
 ineunibranee, and their rapid inerease as a national evil : in 
 l^/ifcr Cuhadi' they are looked upon as the main strength of 
 the country, and a national beneiit. Ihrr, however industri- 
 ous and fnia;d, a laborin:; man may be, there is no longer a 
 demand for his lalior, sullicient to enalile him to bring up a 
 family, without assistance from a parish ; umcli less, to lay 
 by any provision for old age : and, especially, if ?ie marry, 
 and have several children, he has no prospect before him, but 
 hard labor, and hard fare, during his youth and middle age, 
 and the work-hoiuse in the close of his days. By emigrating 
 to Canada, ho gets at once into a situation, where, as is ex- 
 pressed in many letters from that country, a lurpc family is 
 really u Iremvre to a man ; and w here, by industry and care 
 in bis youth, he will be ; Me to l;'y up for himself, repose and 
 comfort in tlse declini' ol ll!'e : — may see his children and Iiis 
 children's ehihhvu fuicking around him, without feeling one 
 anxious tlioiu^ht for their future support. 
 
 Great also will be the advantage to those industrious 
 laborers who remain at home : the number being reduced, 
 there will be an increased demaiul lor their lal)or ; tlie price 
 paid for it will be higher; the 'timulus to good conduct 
 much greater than it now is ; and the laborer proportiouably 
 benefited : and some pleasing instances have been related to uic, 
 
wmmmm 
 
 n 
 
 r>f tlio improvement that has ah-eady taken place, in the eha- 
 meter of individuals, from the eiremnstanees of t'.ieir havini^ 
 bren, in conye(|uenee of vacaneles oceat<ioned by tiic late 
 em ignitions, placed in situations where they are better paid, 
 and wlicre more confulenee is reposed in them. 
 
 T»ie children of the laborer also, after they liave attained 
 to the a;^e of 10 or IJ ye;u's, will readily lind employment, 
 jiiul thereby contribute tov.ards their own nuiintenanee ; in-- 
 stead <)f being, as many of thci.' now are, a burthen to their 
 parents, atid ii nuistmee to their neii^hbours : munbers, from 
 absolute want of employment, beeominij fust pilferer*!, then 
 poaelier*!, an<l evei-.tsiiilly thieves upon Ji lari^er scale ; crowd- 
 ing our prisons with juvenile olVenders, and adding, at a 
 fearfully increasing rate, to the aeeunudating mass of crime 
 and misery. 
 
 The poor therefore, will be timnefliiifcfif benefited by- 
 emigration — and from them, Ihe benefit will !:Tadua!ly ascend 
 through all classes. — The farmer it is true, must pay m^v^v for 
 Idfwr ; but that labor will be prodi'ciivi' ; and he will be re- 
 lieved fnmi the ruinovis demands now maile upon him, for 
 the payment of that, which is wholly unprodiu-tive. 
 
 The poor's rate will then be applied to its original pur- 
 pose, the support of the infirm and the aged; the expences 
 atteiulant on wiiioh are ge.ierai'y trilling, when compared 
 with those whieii have of late been incurred, in maintaining 
 the heaUliy and able bodied. 
 
 Thus relieved, the fari.M* will be able to cultivate his 
 ground better, 1;> hi-in'' up h.is family with more comfort, and 
 to pay, i)mu;tually, a fair rent for the land he holds: and thus 
 M ill the benefit ascend to the o'.vner of the soil, who will then 
 again derive from it, that portion of profit to which he is justly- 
 entitled. 
 
 The advantages- Avhieh would result to the British empire 
 t be ^o obvious to a uentlcnian who has turned 
 
 it lar, 
 
 e, mus 
 
 is^i 
 
ff 
 
 mm 
 
 '^mm'mm^immin^''^ 
 
 ] 
 
 
 I 
 
 
 i 
 
 IcS 
 
 liix mind to the subject, as to r(M\cler any attompt to tloBcribe 
 them wholly uiuu'cessury. 
 
 Emigrant K mi[;ht certainly be curried out on lower terms, 
 than those here stated ; but 1 bei;f to lay it down as a principle 
 thrd althouiih, in makinj^ arranyements for this purpose, a 
 reasonable attention must be paid to economy ; yet, that it 
 should not be the maiii ubjcct. 
 
 That shovild be, notoidy i\\c saft'tij, but also the com- 
 y&r/ of the emij^rauts. 
 
 L'nder the most liberal arrangements, tbe crossing the 
 Atlantic, with a wife and a large family, is no trifling matter j 
 and it should be rendered as little disagreeable as possible ; 
 even, if for ft nuunent, we were to put humanity out of the 
 question, policy would dictate this ; for sad accounts sent 
 back, of the nuseries of the voysige, will deter numbers from 
 venturing upon it. And one vessel lost, if it were possible 
 to suppose that the calamity had happened through any neg- 
 lect, or ill judged p;u-siiiu)ny, in the previous arrangements, 
 would act us a nu>st pou erful check to future emigration ; es- 
 pecially from the. neighbourhood whence the sufferers had 
 gone. 
 
 Hooniv. ;tml well fiiund !<hii)s. therefore, alone should be 
 engaged ; [wv l.;i\e tu^\i r empu>\ed uny tliat were not A. 1.) 
 and their fittings \in. and especially the (illoiruiKX' of sjxice, 
 shoidd be as m :ir as ni.iy he, in the proportions above de- 
 scribed. — The principal cause of incnascd c.rpciirc, is tlie 
 increased space we have thought it right to allow ; but, surely, 
 no one ofconnnon hum.inity will consider thi.s as umiecessary, 
 when he reflects, that the persons who mulertake the voy- 
 age, arc not soldiers and sailors, accustomed to be closely 
 stowed on board ship ; but, that a considerable number of 
 them, consists of country \\'omcn, and helpless children, of all 
 ages, who have been bred up in tlie enjoyment of free space, 
 and fresh air. 
 
19 
 
 X 
 
 
 From some of tlie IriHh ports, poor cniit,'raiits liavc been 
 crowded on board, in such numbers, and so miserixbly ill pro- 
 vided for, us to Iiave caused mueh suffering, and loss of life. 
 
 This, at IcnjTth, excited the attention of the legislature, and 
 gave rise to the Patisenf/crs' Act, but that Act does not go 
 far enough. It allows three athdts to Ix^ taken for every four 
 tons of registeri^-d admeasurement, and woidd, eonsecpieull} , 
 permit .'MX) to be put on board a ship of iOO tons. This 
 regulation is liable to great uneertainty in praetiee, as the 
 tonnages of different sliips, bear very dilVetent proportioi^s t) 
 their respective spaces between decks ; and, even under the 
 most favourable circunistaiu'es, emiijcrants would be ho 
 crowded, if put on board to the full number permilii.'d by the 
 Act, as to destroy their comfort and greatly eiidaii'.';er their 
 health. We, therefore, put on board the Lord Melville, oniy 
 'JOO jjassfif/t'S ; whereas the Act would have allowed 'o3'2: on 
 board the Eveline only 180 ; whereas it would have allov, . 1 
 2a(). But being convinced, that even then, both those ves- 
 sels were too full, wc maJe, this year, a still larger allov.TuRv : 
 and, with respect to the England, (.'iS-l toi;s register,) were re • 
 gidated, not by the tonnage, but by the length and breatltii (,f 
 the steerage; which being /Hft. by 2()ft., equal to 2028 super- 
 ficial feet, wc calculated, that at 12 feet superficial for each 
 passar/e, this .ship would take IGO passages : not being al.tle, 
 however, to i.nd comfortable sp^ci^ for more than 105, or 2()2 
 individuals, we declined several applications, and aelualiy 
 put on board, only that number. Uiuler the regulation^ (if 
 the Passengers' Act, this ship might have taken 288 pat^sii >es, 
 or 352 individuals, if the same proportion of adults to ehiUii-en 
 be supposed. We are aware, that, as so many ships sail in 
 ballast, to Canada every spring, the increased expence, occa- 
 sioned by this ample allowance of space, might be avoi<led, 
 by putting only a small number on board dilYerent vessels; 
 but ill that case, it would not be practicable to send a surgeon 
 
'f*» ■ 'I n mp^r>"«^i»B^«T"- 
 
 iiO 
 
 'rf 
 
 m 
 
 II 
 
 .liui Mi[»('r!iitiMuloiit, Avilli cucli of ihnu, <jr to lit \\\vn\ up in .-o 
 comtbrtablo n iiKinner, in oilier respects : bcoausr il js only 
 bj- tivking n coii-ick ruble luuuber, tliat the extra exi)etiet!<, 
 attendant upon providing extra eoniforts, can be dt frayed. 
 
 We also tiiink it of consideruijle i:nporta)iee, that the 
 ship should proceed (Ilrcct to Montreal; b\ which means, the 
 ])eople are spared the disroniforlt. attendant upon bcint^ hud- 
 dled totjetlKr in a crowded steamer, before they have fidly 
 recovered from the effects of the sea voyaj^e : that the emi- 
 L'rants should be forwarded from Mfontrcal, in rnvend boats, 
 up the Ottawa, and along the Kidv^au Caiial, to King«ton, or 
 by vli'Min fjoah', or ivaiffjons, to Prescott ; certaiidy ti:>t by 
 Durham hontx : and that a superintendent should go with 
 them t!ie \\holc way to York. 
 
 
 .1 ■! 
 
 i 
 
 
 It has Itecn suggested, that In any Act of rtirliamrnt for 
 the cncouragtMuent of emigration, il sho\dd be provided, that 
 in the event of a j)erson emigrating by the assistance of the 
 jjarish 1o Mhich he belongs, be shoukl, by accepting such 
 assistance, forfeit liis settlement. 
 
 My acquaintance with tlie liabits of thinking of the 
 poorer classes has been pretty extended, and of considi'rable 
 duration ; and, together with all those v. ho!n I have couKulted, 
 who have had equal opportimiti(>s of intercourse with their 
 jieighbours, 1 am decidedly of o])ini()n, that such an enact- 
 ment would be most impolitic; and that, although the prol)a- 
 bility is, that not one in a thousand of those who emigrate, 
 will ever return, to be a burthen to the jjarish they belong to, 
 yet that very feir, would go with a certainty, that if they did 
 return in distress, they would be left to perish in our streets — 
 and in truth, if such Merc the law, could it be acted upon ? 
 Why then encumber an Act of Parliament, professedly, 
 and really, iHtended for the advantage of the hulus- 
 trious, but unemployed, and likely to renmin miemployed, 
 
 V 
 
ww^mm 
 
 m 
 
 pfV)r m;ui, ^ilh an alann'm<r i>n>visii)u; \y!ii<-)i ul'tiM- .ill. imi;,t, 
 in prp.M.f, 1m> totjilly uiiavailabic } 
 
 'i'lio objoctoiu- c-()Miniit tec lias had in virw, aiiil, ah I'ur 
 as our moans have cxtendnl, laboured liard lo prcini./ir, is, ti» 
 reiuovt' from the minds of jk ]•>,(* u'^ of all clasHos, the nuliiin 
 that tMnli':ratIon to Canada is a banLshmont ; ami to ciur; ;» 
 tlie iilt-a, that it is only a rtinovul from a pai-t of the ni-ili>;j 
 empire, where tluM-o are more uorkmen tliau there is work 
 to be performed; to another, a fertile, hoalthfnl, and e\ M-y 
 way delightful portion, of tlif .same enipin\ wlu-re tlit> (-(mi- 
 trary iw the ca.so ; and we an; happy in ofiservlii^-, tliat iv eii 
 Avithin a space of little more tlian 12 months, this hira ;> fast- 
 t:rowini,Mip in our neii^'hlxmrhood — so nuieh so, th:i; Wv' !i;)pe, 
 ere long, to ^ee a constant inl,(reonr-;e take pLue bet vooii 
 this country, and thin roimfy esj)eeial!y, and C'ai.;ida, to the 
 mutual benpfit of all parties. I'liat intercourse is already he- 
 lifinnint;- : thildren are goiai,M)ut ro their fathers ; fatlicis to 
 Ihcir chil(h-cn ; an<l doubtless, in pro.-ess (;f time, .some, wlio 
 have lately emiirrated, will n-turn to the old country, with 
 imprctvcJ means, there to spend the remaindir of ihcir dav« ; 
 while sons, nej)hews, various relations, ami connections, will 
 be 1,'ointf out to take change of that property, wliich tjie p:-e- 
 s(Mit settlers are now busily em>-a<j;ed in r(>claimln^- from t'le 
 forest. Surely, then, in the present slate of the business, to 
 say one word about the odious sulyect of j)oor laws and set- 
 tlement, c(ml(l nut be productive of any possible good, and 
 might operate as a powerful check to that emigration Mhich 
 the proposed enactment is intended to encourage. It cannot 
 be too strongly impressed on the minds of those who may 
 think it right to legislate on this subject, that unless the be- 
 nefit of the emigrant himself, l)e the first object, not only 
 vslensihly^ but really, it wouhl be far better to leave the 
 V hole nuitter as it is. — Much harm would ensue, w<Te an 
 opinion to prevail, that the sule purpose of the more oprdcnt 
 
Twmsir 
 
 
 V 
 
 (/ 
 
 1 
 
 22 
 
 class, is to//./ nV/ of their poorer follow countrymen, without 
 any thought or euro, as to llieir future fate.—Sonie narrow 
 minded and seitish persons may be induced to sui>p„rt any 
 measure that is brought forward, froni sucli natives, hut 
 they will not, I shouhl hope, act upon the majority-witji 
 them I trust, the good of «// parlies will be kept steadily in 
 view, 
 
 I have the honor to be. 
 Sir, 
 
 T. socKErr. 
 
 Petworth. 
 June 3rd. 1833. 
 
 it ' 
 
 I .; 
 
 
 
 
r.ooKS fiiMl MviM, whirli may be Imd c,f J. P/ultijiS, 
 
 4; s (I 
 
 noiiclit'Uc's Mritish DamiiiioDsi in North 
 America, 2 \ols. It*., bds. l(j 
 
 ' Toi)()j.rai)iri(al .Nfap of the 
 
 Distviots of (iurhcc, Thrco Rivers, 
 and Gas)»p, 7l't. 'Am. hy -jft. '.»:,,. 
 
 To{)()!,na|)li)cal M.^, <,f thr 
 
 >islrict of >[uiilri'al "ft. 2iM, l)v ;jft. 
 
 Loiigmun, 
 
 I 
 
 (iiii. 
 
 -Ci'conraphii-al M\\\i of the Ori- 
 
 I 
 
 tisli American Possessions (ift. .'}i„. 
 
 I>y 'Mi. .'iiii. o 11 
 
 Mi', (irc^ror's British America 2 v. 8vo. I 8 
 
 Cattermoleon Hmigralioii to Canada. .'} 
 
 Mudie's Kmiirrants P„cUet Companion « 
 
 rair|)hiy'sCana(hiHas they are. <) 4 
 
 Doyle's Minis on KnnVration to rnpcr 
 l'ana(hi ' ^ 
 
 Slatistical Skrtclies of Upper Canada, 
 by a Backwoodsman, () j 
 
 Pickeriiif.'s liupiirlcs of an Emigrant Is. 
 Avilh a Map. - 
 
 r nil cd States or Canada ? () I 
 
 Fer^nisson's Practical Xotes,made (hi- 
 T\wr a Tour in Canada, and a portion 
 ot the I nil ed Slates. () fj 
 
 Information respecting the Britislj 
 Colonies in N. A. by II. M. Com- 
 jiiissioners for Emigration 2d. or per 
 Do/. 1 
 
 An Address to persons wlio entertain a 
 M'ish to emigrate to Canada, as well 
 as to I'arisli Ollicers, 6d. or per Do/. r> 
 
 
 
 Cadcll. 
 Stnipkin, 
 ninttaker. 
 (5 Didivan. 
 
 Siuiph'in, 
 
 (> Murray. 
 
 IVilson. 
 Mann. 
 
 Cade!/. 
 
 9 Knlffhf. 
 Sah','. 
 
 Hi 
 
w y^ 
 
 
 m 
 
 m 
 
 
 V I' 
 
 1 -1 
 
 '<l<liil(i/T. 
 
 '1\ 
 
 l.vWvvi. fn);;i Sut-^isi'x Emi^niuls, with a 
 
 -^''4>- 2 Ijn> 
 
 Halo's Iiislructioi.r (o Porhoiu- ititetui- 
 
 iiifi- tocini.riiU'. 2([. (If per (ki/A'ii | (} 
 
 lidifi-'s (.■b;^{-rvati()iis ()ii ProtrHsiniis 
 
 and Kr.\i'T; tioj!, in tlio Tiiited 8tntcs 
 
 ""^' ^'a;K.,ia. () 10 Ufullukcr 
 
 %'^c'h Advkr 1.) f:,!;;:rn>nts. 2 i\Sin,j>k}a. 
 
 Authoi, tic Letters IV..;,! I'ppor Canada, 
 
 ftintainini,' many j)artinilars of the 
 
 lic'W'v founded i.'(>\i:Mi!icnl Scttlc- 
 
 nionf of Adelaide. G Sloqjkh. 
 
 Macke?i/ie's Skctcho of L'pper C^anuda 
 
 and the I'nited States. 
 
 beetles in the United States, Canadas, 
 ^c. l)v Lt. Coke. 
 
 IVihon, 
 
 Printed by J. Pliillipc;, Pet 
 
 hvorth. 
 
J, / 
 
 i