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Lea diagrammes suivants illustrent la m*thoda. 1 2 3 4 5 6 J ^ L mmmmm .'i^ w ■ "ii ©iiurcfi (n tit (Eolonits. No. XXVI. THE LABRADOR MISSION. LETTERS or THr KEV. H. P. DISNEY AND THE REV. A. GIFPORD. LONDON: PRINTBD FOR THE SOCIETY FOR THE PKOPAGATION OP THE G08PKL; AND SOLD By THK SOCIETY FOR PROMOTING CHRISTIAN KNOWLEDGE GREAT QUEEN STREET, LINCOLNS INN FIELDS, AND 4, KorAL exchange; RIVINGT0N8, HATCHARDS, AND ALL BOOKSELLERS 1851. pf'^Tipfp & Wui The interest generally felt in the Labrador Mission is con- sidered sufficient warrant for publishing in a separate form the letters which have been lately received from the first two Missionaries. The Rev. H. P. Disney was stationed at Battle Harbour in the summer of 1860, but he was preceded on the coast of Labrador by the Rev, Algernon Giflford, who entered upon his ministerial duties at Forteau, on August 12th, 1349. On November 16th, 1860, the Society granted the sum of 2602. to purchase some ground with premises at English Point, thus meeting the want mentioned by Mr. GiflTord, page 11. , LABRADOR. -^ 1 IS con- ^te form first two it Battle L on the entered \>h, 1349. i sum of EngUsh GiflTord, The following le .er from tlie Rev. H. P. Disney was lately received by the Society for the Propana- Hon of the Gospel:— Harbour Grace, N'ewfoundland, 2d Nov. 1850. My dear Mr. Hawkins, In accordance with the direction contained in your letter received the day I left Greenock for Labrador, I send you a few hasty notices of my proceedings in my Mission. I arrived at St. John's, Newfoundland, on 20th May, after a pleasant passage of eleven davs, in which we had one or two escapes, thank God, of running into icebergs in the fog. I met a most kind and hospitable reception from the Bishop, and found him as usual immersed in business. After a detention of exactly a fortnight at St. John's, I sailed in one of Messrs. C. & E. Hunt's vessels, the " Cheetah," for St. Francis' Harbour, Labrador, which during last summer was my head- quarters. 1: ' I.'/ 7 4 TJIOCESE OP NEWFOUNDLAND. I here found an establishment of Messrs. C. & E. Hunt, of Winchester Street, London, in which a considerable number of Eskimaux families are employed : and their comfortable houses, good cloth- ing, and generally their happy appearance and good conduct, do the greatest credit to Messrs. Hunt and their active and zealous agent, Mr. Saunders, and his estimable lady. How much more prudent and politic — how much more humane and christian is it, to treat the natives of any country in which English merchants carry on their business thus, than, as is too often the case, to drivo them away— to exterminate them, it may be. Generally it is very difficult to make them give up their roving and bad habits, "received by tradi- tion from their fathers," but such fair, kind treatment as the Eskimaux meet with at St. Francis' Harbour and Sandwich Bay (where the Messrs. Hunt have another establishment, with a larger number of Es- kimaux in their employment than at St. Francis' Harbour,)— such treatment will not fail in any country to convert the natives from foes into useful traders or dealers. The number of Englishmen who have married Eskimaux women, from time to time, is very consi- derable J and this also produces a good feeling be- tween us and the Eskimaux, and has prepared and made ready the way for spreading Christianity among the Eskimaux scattered through Labrador and all the northern parts of America. As a consequence of these favourable circum- fMii- . C. & E. which a ilies are od cloth- Eind good lunt and 1, and his 3w much 3 natives ts carry the case, » it raav lem give •y tradi- •eatment Harbour int have f of Es- Francis' in any useful married Y consi- ing be- red and stianity ibrador lircum- THE MISSION TO LABRADOR. fi Stances, I found the Eskimaux women and children, —many of whom had been baptized by the Bishop and the Clergymen who attended his Lordship two years ago to Labrador,*— more anxious to re- ceive instruction. I opened school the first Sunday I was at St. Francis' Harbour: and though none of the people from Newfoundland had at that time reached Labrador, I had a large school, chiefly Esjki- maux. On each Wednesday and Friday, during my stay at St. Francis' Harbour, I kept school, and the Eskimaux women and children attended it, some of them coming from a considerable distance. They showed the greatest anxiety to learn to speak and read English. I have a district of above two hundred miles of coast under my care. For there is no Clergyman or schoolmaster from Red Bay, the extremity of Mr. Gifford's Mission, to Hopedale, the most southern of the Moravian settlements, a distance of more than three hundred miles. I have a population during summer of more than ten thousand, and a residen° winter population in my own immediate Mission, (which consists of Henley Harbour, Cape Charles^ Battle Harbour, St. Francis' Harbour, Venison Island' and Seal Islands, and about twenty other considerable harbours,) of about six hundred. I cannot, there- fore, afford to devote as much time as I wish to the teaching of the Eskimaux. I trust, however, please God, next summer to see a good boys' an& girls' * Vide Church in the Colonies, XIX. and XXI. mmimmn ' Um ymu.^Amt.. ii i iri m.,. i ,.ijim.i.. i x,,M.j., i aJ* I 'J ■' I 6 DIOCESE OF NEWFOUNDLAND. boarding nnd day scliool established at Battle Har- bour, which is to be the head-quarters of the Mi.^sion ; and at which a house has been begun, to be used at first as a scliool-house, until a house in a more con- venient situation shall be built for the school, when the present one is to be used as a parsonage. I need not tell you that there was neither church, school- liouse, nor parsonage, belonging to the Church, (or indeed belonging to any religious denomination, ex- cept the Moravian settlements at Hopedale, Nain, Hebron, and Okkak, two, three, and four hundred miles to the north,) in Labrador, and all these have to be provided. With the aid of Messrs. Hunt and Messrs. T. and D. Slade of Poole, who have esta- bl.shments at Battle Harbour and Venison Island churches at Battle and St. Francis' Harbour will,' I hope, be finished next year, please God : that fi St. Francis' Harbour was commenced on the 3d September, and I hope it is now progressing rapidly, and also the school-house above-mentioned at BattlJ Harbour. ^ I give you a list of the Subscribers to the Mis- si on : — Messrs. C. & E. Hunt, London (annually) . . £50 Messrs. T. & E. Slade, Poole 50 John Barlow, Esq \ ^ ] PiObert A. Disney, Esq '. . . i o Lambert Disney, Esq [ 10 J. Tunbridge, Esq., Deputy Ordnance Store- keeper, St. John's, Is ewfoundland ... i o Robert Ayles, Esq., Carbonear, Newfoundland 1 1 •- ^'Fmmfi^^mmnKim!. } I THE MISSION TO LABKADOK. 7 A very considerable number of the fishermen pro- mised to subscribe quantities of fish ; and Messrs 8aunders, Bush-Bendell, Howe, Reynolds, Davis, and others, promised to receive their contributions and to convert them into money. I ought to mention that I visited all the harbours (except one or two minor ones) from Henley Har- bour to Sandwich Bay, most of which liad never before been visited by a Clergyman-above twenty. I had large congregations at eight different places in stores provided by the merchants or planters. I administered the Lord's Supper at five different places. I admitted fifty persons into the Church by baptism, and married nine couples. Considering that the Bishop had last year and the year before admitted so large a number, it will be seen from the above statement how important the Mission to Labrador is likely to prove. I sailed or rowed in a whale-boat many hundred miles, and both on Sundays and week-days I was incessantly occupied witli teaching and preaching, visiting the sick, dis- pensing medicines, &c. Yours very truly, Henry P. Disney. Eev. Ernest Hawkins. The following pages form part of a Report addressed to the Bishop of Newfoundland by the Rev. Algernon Gifford :— •wmmmfimmmgpt '<:i' 8 DIOCESE OP NEWFOUNDLAND. ^M L*An.«e Amour, Fortcau Day, Labrador, MvLoRD, June 13th, 1850. Although I Imve been in possession of your Lordship's letter of the 23d of May but a fe^v days, and see at present no opportunity of forwarding a reply, yet I hasten to record my pleasure and gi^ati- tude at the kind and friendly greeting it contains and my thankfulness for the good Providence of God by which your lordship, my other friends in St. John's, and myself here, have all been preserved during the interval of our peculiar separation. Your Lordship is kind enough to inquire after my personal case. I may briefly say in this behalf, that I have been preserved in perfect health during the whole of my residence here, and have been comfort- ably accommodated and cared for by my very worthy host and his family. I have found the cold some- what severer than at St. John's, but the weather has been by no means less enjoyable. Labrador, in these respects, is not so bad as is represented. But if it be not the solemnity of a Missionary's duties here and generally the holy influences of religion, nothin- can resist its extreme loneliness and seclusion. I regret that in my second letter of last year I should have appeared to abandon the proposal of my first, of purchasing English Point. I only in- tended to apologize for writing so much upon the subject, if, after all, the property should not be for sale. I still think, with the confirmation of the whole m \ THE MISSION TO LABRADOU. 9 winter's exj .rience, that the settlement of the Mis- sion depends upon this point. Whether there nre still obstacles between the sale and purchase of the property, Mr. B is best able to declare. The hope of having the pleasure of hoisting the episcopal and ecclesiastical colours on the flag-staff there, was a cheering prospect I much clung to. From this hope I look forward to a church with its various blessings— to a school with its usefulness, and to the effects of both, with the blessing of the Almighty, in promoting the temporal and spiritual improvement of this hitherto much-neglected people. And I con- tinue to hope and prai/ for these things, and endea- vour to do so with all patience. There is undoubt- edly a large field of labour here— much work to be done, and very many diflTiculties to be met and over-- come : — success in all which, I know certainly, according to the ordinary dispensation of things, cannot be looked for suddenly and at once. Nor is the existence of abundant " means " and outward privileges my sole guarantee of immediate success. But I think, in respect of this Mission and its neighbourhood, there is a peculiar necessity of hastening the full development of its resources. The more suddenly churches and schools arise to attest the reality and permanency of the under- taking, the more strength shall we retain and the more gain. For these outward things avail much in nourishing zeal and good will, which multiply and increase in preservation. m 10 DIOCESE OF NEWFOUNDLAND. catalogue of the inconveniences and disadvantages wh,ch attend holding the services of the ChuTi n pnvate houses, because I ].now that of ™os o them you must be well aware. But there is one dependent upon the habits of the people here whtch rs peculiar. It is customary here, and on the opposue coast of Newfoundland, for t^vellers on long or shor stages, compelled by necessity, or with- out compulsion, to "put up." without invUatil or apology, at any neighbour's house they may pass in he.r journey. They stay their own convenience and use the house and table of their host as the^ would the.r own. I„ the absence of houses Z pubhc accommodation, there is a general under- andmg to this effect. But the beautiiul pr.nct e of Chnstian hospitality which is at the ground of i >3 spoded by the idleness and inconsiderate wan of generosity by which it is abused. Thus, the con gregations assembled for the services most readily onsider themselves the guests of the master of thi house,-nor in most cases would he desire it other- w.se Whde this is the case with the majority f attendants, there are a certain few whose Jrese^ice one would much desire, living perhaps at a Z -practicable distance, whose delicacy keeps t^em away, so that many times the more worthyTre t ^ Itle T^'.r'r'^'- ^'- »-— •« '-use is rema k able for its hospitality, and during the winter my congregations were his Sunday gueJts. As mly as THB Mission TO LABEADCiE. H thirty have remained the whole Sunday, and many of them have sought lodging also. Another hindrance has arisen in other places from private differences between individuals and the family where the service may have been held. But there is an advantage in this, that it discovers disagreements, and enables me to do what I can to heal them; still it is not the less an evil. And I thirik that the wide difference between success and failure, so far as outward things are concerned, in the removal of these inconveniences, rests upon the early possession for Church purposes of some available spot for settlement ; and further, for the weighty considerations mentioned in my first letter upon the subject, that a peculiar fitness and many favourable circumstances attach themselves to eJ. hsh Protestants for this object. " But leaving this reference 'to the things of the material Church, I may assure you that through the strength and blessing of the "upholding arms " he inward influences of religion are visibly ex- tending their reign. There is a degree of sim- plicity and boldness in the increasing devotion of some of my people, which human expectations could never have presumed upon in so short a ti„.e, nor human endeavours ever deserve. I know that it would be impossible for you to accept from each of your Clergy all they might feel pleasure in wri- ting upon such cases, so I do not venture to particu- ■arize. I know not any in the Mission who have in any way fallen off from the good desires of last 12 DIOCESE OF NEWFOUNDLAND. h 'i ',*! i.: Fall ; and many — if I may not here, also, say all — earnestly desire greater privileges. Many elderly and yoimg people await an opportunity for the impo- sition of your hands in the holy rite of Confirmation, and some with the earnest desire of thus becoming communicants. I offer your Lordship my most grateful and affec- tionate thanks for the kind advice of your letter, and will give it my strictest obedience. We can indeed avail ourselves of the efficacy of prayer, in procuring help for each other from *' Him who helps, and strengthens, and supports all." And indeed in many of my difficulties and trials, overwhelmed by a sense of my own unavailing weakness, and in the absence of personal comforters, I have received conscious comfort and strength from the assurance that many stronger prayers have prevented and accompanied my own, and that an answer will be given to their faithful request''. I would, my Lord, that many of us could seek more earnestly and enjoy more fully this sympathy of spirit ! But I must proceed, for I fear my letter is already too long. After the date of the Report I furnished last Fall, I was occupied till January within the limits of L'Anse Amour, and Grand Point. My fixed rule for the services was weekly at the former place in Mr.D 's house, for Forteau generally and L'Anse a Loup ; and fortnightly at Mr. Cribb's, for Forteau gene- rally, and English Point (two men), and the Jersey THE MISSION TO LABRADO::?. 13 side particularly. I visited Blanc Sablon, and Grand Point, as any particular duty called^ or con- venient opportunity for the journey presented itself. I received into the Church all the children of KAnse au Coteau, in public service, some at Blanc Sablon, and some in their own house. I have made it a rule to perform Baptisms in the full services of Sundays, or to make them the occasion of a full service. I baptized two children at Bradore, who, having been in good health, were reserved in hope of this opportunity since your Lordship's first visit. The father of one of the infants came to L'Anse Amour to seek the blessing, and to convey me to and fro. In the month of November, no doubt by the wise Providence of God, it became my anxious and solemn duty to attend in sickness, in death, and to the grave, the meek and simple-hearted Mrs. El- worthy, Mr. D 's eldest daughter : a young woman born at L'Anse au Loup, and who had seen no more of the outward world than is comprised in twenty miles of this barren coast. But she appeared to have learnt more of the kingdom of God 7vhkh is within, and witnessed on her death- bed brighter fruits than could have belonged to the scanty sow- ing and indifferent watering of the good seed which fell to her lot. We could all see plainly the hand of a merciful Father in this affliction. She was delirious throughout her sickness, with the inter- vention of but small periods, in which she had a mind alone for devotion. A Deacon's difficulties, therefore, under the circumstances, were somewhat / u Vf ' 14 l>rOCESE OF NEWFOTOBLAND. -<• that "iieue wou d.Cl\"'"°' ''^^ ^"en," MaUe to give you "^^l'""''^'"^ ^ required." I am here is handso^erauf", " "'^'^'''"'^ ««"^ecrated Towards the end ofl r "'"^ ''^"<=^'' '"• *° «ed Ba,, .2; ^"7^^!'-^ upon a visit Modest ffly half-way housp 77" ''" '^ ^- «'• i"S- I arrived at Bed B 1°'"° '""^ "«""•"- serious mind. I ,!„•„,, r' , P'°*''« ^ere are of a ^^;aii, that I con J™ /tt :°d:;''r''*'^' "^^'^ Mission. The peonlp n ""'' P"' "^ - Anchor Point , but the tide be7„! ?"• '" °'" '''"" reached no nearer than SavaL r? =""" "'' ^« - J of «.y intended fet X"l';" "f -t- to be thankful in the issue fn/t , '""^ '"^''^O" '^^ere is here a ft! JT/ltt'^" "' "'" '"''<'^- whom are infants, born d f'°"'' '^° "^ being in danger of lifp " ^ '^'"'*'"'' ^^o, ''our. There^is L^tlui-T'' '' ' '''''^^■ knows a letter of the alpLb , s ^'^' /"""'^ ^^° ^ at the services at Anchor P . "' °'^*^"' ^^^e parents were at home s ck '" *'' "'""' "»' '"« X- \ THE MISSION TO LABRADOR. 15 Eight months had elapsed since I left the New- foundland shore last year, and during thisHime I found two young men, like Mr.E , left widowers; and during this long, lonely winter, many others also have been visited with heavy sicknesses. One of these mothers left four, and the other three chil- dren. The school, I regret to say, has not been proceeded with ; a drawback in some of the principal men, arising from the troubles just mentioned, and subsequently doubts as to whether they should ulti- mately be able to support it, having deterred them till they could make more definite arrangements I hope to be able to settle these points upon the conditions mentioned in your letter, before I leave this season. Some of the parties interested think they can raise 501 a-year for the master's salary. After proceeding as far to the westward as Derby Tickle, the abode of Mrs. A , I returned to LAnse Amour again on the 5th of June. I have had no opportunity yet of proceeding to St. John's Island. I propose in about a fortnight's time to pay another visit to Red Bay. Before I received your letter, I had visited some of the newly-arrived Jerseymen, on the opposite side of the Bay, and expressed to them my hope that they were returned for a quiet and prosperous labour during the six days, and a becoming observation of the Lord's day. I was treated very po:';.ely, and received fair pro- mises. I have not seen their neighbours at Blanc Sublon yet. I ill 16 I I DIOCESE or NEWFOUNDLAND. Your Lordship will be perhaps surprised as well as ple,.,ed at reading the enclose.1 letters. I would that we were ready for these presents and oiTerings ! You will also be pleased to hear that Mr. Q the winter agent of L'Anse au Loup, with his' crew, have regularly assisted us with some plain music, as Psalm tunes, and chants for the Gloria iatri, at our services at L'Anse Amour I cannot say ,00 much in honour and in commenda- tion of Mr. and Mrs. D— . They are both devou simple-minded, and affectionate people. They have Bhown me, and still show, an unchanging respecl and love. Mrs. D— is a firm membe^r oftur Church ; she has sought and received such instruc- I'Zv^r "".' *" ''"^'''' "°t '° i"Pl''"t but to establish her in its doctrines. I very much regret to inform your Lordship that this family are all to leave the coast. This will be a great loss, in many respects, and I hope yet it ™«y turn out otherwise. He says our prospects at English Point are not definite enough for him to act otherwise upon , each year is of great importance to him as three of his children are at an expensive schoo m Nova Scotia, where it will not suit himlo keep them longer, and he is determined rather to go e sewhere and live more economically than bring them back to Labrador, unless there were a church and what he hopes would follow. ' ^ It has been the worthy man's resolve for many years If u should please the Almighty to sparl 1- till the age of fifty years, to give up busings THE MISSION TO LABRADOR. 17 and devote himself more thoroughly to the concerns of the better world. I believe he is now in his fiftieth year. He proposed, while his hopjs were high in respect of English Point, to fulfil his purpose there, and build a house beside the church. For upwards of fifteen years past, Mr. D has regularly assembled his family for daily evening prayers, and on Sundays for our Church Service, always in the morning, and very frequently in the afternoons also. There are several fiimilies, thanks be to God, between Red Bay and Bradore, who use daily family prayer. Much more I might still write. And many questions I desire to ask, but I find I must conclude. From, my dear Lord Bishop, Your obedient and dutiful Servant, Algernon Gifford. To the High' Rev. the Lord Bishop of Newfoundland, P. S. In the course of the winter I have met with some, and heard of many more, poor superannuated Englishmen, whose circumstances afford them no prospect of an English grave, or the fostering care of a parish Clergyman and the blessings of our Church either in their declining years or in death. What, my Lord, must be done for them ? I hope we shall be able to bring them within hearing of our church bells. .J' 18 DlicESE OF NEWFOUNDLAND. I expect I must send mjr letter to St. John's, by wnj ol Jersey. ' ^ \'4 '• III «• Copy ofLetters addressed to me in reference to presents and offerings, sent for the use of the Mission ot iorteau, &c. No. I. "Fantaisio, Isle of Jersey, 10th April, 1850. " Mrs. Charles Pipon, and Mr. and Mrs. James Hammond present their best compliments to Mr. G>fFord. They have heard with much pleasure of his appointment as Missionary on the long-negleeted coast of Labrador. They beg he will accept of the accompanying articles for the use of the Mission and which they hope may be found useful ',' .^\« ^'"' P-^rf'^Ps kindly give them some account of Ins Missiou, and at the same time mention what ^vould be most needed, should they be spared to send another box next year. They be- he will accept of their best wishes for his suceessrand ear- xiest prayers that tlie blessing of God will crown his endeavours, and that he may be the happy instru- ment of bringing many souls to our Lord Jesus Christ. ]^o. II. ^ *'SiR,-On board the * Swift,' Captain Filleul in the employ of the Messrs. De Quetteville, is a box ['W V ^wn- THE MISSION TO LABRADOR. 19 [to your address, i^ which I send a Communion Ser- vice of plated steel, altar-cloth, and communion- I cloth, four Bibles, four Testaments, twelve Prayer- books, twelve Sacra Privata, one Watson on Con- I tentment, one La Nourriture de I'Ame, and a parcel of small books which you will dispose of in this settlement. I trust this little offering will be of use. And I would ask your prayer for the giver of this little gift ; and may your labours be crowned with success, is my humble prayer. " I am. Sir, " Your obedient Servant, " A. PiPON. "At Mr. J. De St. Croix, Homeatill, St. Helier'a, Island of Jersey." " The other things in the box are sent by Mr. and Mrs. Hammond. It leaves this place after the 15th.'* No. III. " S. p. C. K. « 67, Lincoln's Inn Fields, " Dec. 8th, 1849. " Eev. and dear Sir, — I beg leave to inform you, that, in accordance with your request, and the recommendation of the Standing Committee, it has been agreed by this Society to grant some books and tracts for your use and distribution on the coast of Labrador. The works which you specify for your ...j«ft' Ifi, 20 DIOCESE OF NEWFOCNDtAND. own use will accompany the other publication, The parcel shall be sent to T. B. CrocLell Es Torquay, for you. ' ^^'' " I have the honour to be, " Dear Sir, " Your faithful humble servant, " TnOMAS B. MUKRAY, " Secretary. " I hope you will approve the selection Ti parcel will be directed to you. enclosed Mr CroTl! well, and sent to him carriage-free.* " Ref. Algernon Giffobd." Two large French Bibles. Ditto Praver Books. ^' CLAY, PillNTER, BBEAD STREET HILL. h^ ). publications. ^welJ, Esq., mt, • MUKKAY, etary. tion. The ^r. Crock- tl. are : - with music