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Tachnicai.and Bibliographic Notaa/NotM tacliniquM at bibiibgraphiquas 
 
 Tha livtituta haaattamptad to obtain tha boat 
 original copy avaiiabia for ffinting. Faaturaa of thia 
 copy which may ba bibliographically uniqua, 
 which niay altar any of tha imagaa in tha 
 raproduction. or which may significantly ehanga 
 tha uaual mathod of filming, ara chaekad balow. 
 
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 Couvartura da eoulaur . 
 
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 Couvartura andommagia 
 
 □ Covars raatorad and/or laminatad/ 
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 Pagaa da eoulaur 
 
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 Cartaa g^ographiquaa an eoulaur 
 
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 Colourad plataa and/or iliuatrptiona/ 
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 poaaibia eonaidfring tha condition and lagibiiity 
 of tha original copy and in Icaaping with tho 
 filming contract apacificationa. 
 
 Original eopiaa In printad papOr eovara ara flimad 
 baginning with tho front covar and anding on 
 tha laat paga with a printad dr illuatratad impraa- 
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 othor original eopiaa ara flimad baginning on tha 
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 Un doa symbolaa suhrants apparaltra sur la 
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 REPORT 
 
 ON THE 
 
 WATER POWER 
 
 OF THE 
 
 RICHELIEU RIVER 
 
 AT 
 
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 IN THE PROVING ft* OF QUEBEC, 
 
 BY 
 
 CHARLES LEGGE, ESQUIRE, 
 
 tlVIL ENOINKER, 
 
 MONTREAL, JULY. 1872. 
 
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 REPORT 
 
 ON THE 
 
 WATER POWER 
 
 OF THE 
 
 RICHELIEU RIVER 
 
 AT 
 
 IN THE PROVINCE OF QUEBEC, 
 
 BY 
 
 CHARLES LEGGE, ESQUIRE. 
 
 ^N, \ 
 
 CIVIL ENGINEER." 
 
 MONTREAL, JULY 1873. 
 
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 MONTREAL ; 
 
 P„vr.D AT TH« -Gawtte" Jo, 0,f.«. Con.ER or C,A:o.A,.bST Tranco.»-Xav,« Sts. 
 
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 162 St. James Street, . 
 
 Montreal, 2ith July, 1872. 
 
 ,*n 
 
 Sir, 
 
 ^ In accordance with your instructions I have visited and 
 
 examined the Richelieu River at, and in the neighbourhood of 
 Chambly, with a view of ascertaining the amount of water power 
 available for manufacturin;^ purposes at that place, and to give an 
 opinion as to the most feasible manner of utilizing it. 
 
 Before going into details with reference to the scheme to be 
 suggested, it may be well to give a brief deacriptaon of the locality, 
 its surroundings and connections with other places, either by water, 
 ordinary roads, or proposed railways. 
 
 Chambly may bo divided into two sections ; the first, known as 
 Chambly Basin, is a beautiful village at the mouth of the Chambly and 
 St. Johns Canal, and on th ) banks of a picturesque bay in the 
 Richelieu River. It i^ the outlet of the trade of Lake Cham;jlain 
 with the Province of Quebec, and has a considerable business during 
 the summer months. ' The nearest station of the Grand Trunk is 
 within nine miles, and the city of Montreal but sixteen miles distant, 
 the two places being connected by a macadamized road over , a 
 perfectly level country. A continuation of this village, known as 
 Chambly Canton, is beautifully situated on the Richelieu Ra|jid3, 
 where are to be found sites for the hydraulic privileges prostjntly to be 
 described. The entire village coitaini a population of about 1400 
 souls, and is surrounded Gy the oldest and most thickly j copied 
 sections of Canada. 
 
 There are now in existence at this place extensive Saw, Grist, 
 Carding ud Woolleu Mill*, with a large foundry. Her« i* alw a 
 
 ■) T 
 
- largo hospital belonging to the Ladies of the Qrey Nunnerv of 
 Montreal, M-ell adapted for the reception of the poor and sick, and a 
 ColIeg3with an extensive library. Telegraph and Post Offices also 
 exist, ihe extensive ruins of an ancient French fort in the village 
 connoc It ^vuh the past, ^hile Rougemont, Belceil, Rouville and other 
 canicailj shaped ifli>nntains, rising at different points in the surrounding 
 level country, hke g.ant sentinels, give diversity to the scenerv 
 
 ■ Tne Richelieu River upon which this charming village is placed, 
 fl ws from and form, the outlet of Lake Champlain in the United 
 
 tll'!'^-, -rf '''''""' ^'' "''"'" length, and from one to 
 
 twe e nnles „. width, receiving the drainage of the greatest portion* 
 of the nortliei-n parts of the States of New York and Vermoi^T^ 
 Cho^bly IS twcnty-nino miles from Rouse's Point at the outletdf^ 
 ake and ton miles distant tVom St. Johns, a railway ceK^ 
 c ns:dei-ab!e importance, and Bituated on the same river; the two 
 places being counectod by a canal. This canal will eventually be 
 greatly enlarged, and form a part of the Cau<dinawaga Canal, for 
 uniting ilie waters of the St. Lawrence and lScc Chfmpl.in ; the 
 tter canal forming a junclioi. with the existing one a short distance 
 above Chumb y,a,.d lollowu.g its course to slack water navigation at 
 St. Johns, and tluMico into Lake Champlain 
 
 From Chunbly the conr... of the river is northerly and falls into 
 t.ie St. Lawrence at .Sorol. The river for this distance is navigable 
 f^r vesso s of a largo elas. and is the route for the present extensive 
 traffic between Canada and the I'nited States, ./. Lake Champlain 
 
 Several hnos of RaiU-ay are now projected, (one in cour eof 
 construction.) .hidi when bii.lt will eonnea Chambly with Se 
 and he net wor oi Canadian and American raiUays inall directions 
 Ths iino will run from Sorel, a town on the St. Lawrence t 
 . Chambly, and th^nco to Montreal,-uniting at that placrwith 
 the GraiKl Tnink Ha.lway.-and other hues tJ the We.. Nol 
 n.m hambly tn. road .il, be carried to St. Johns, and connect wi 
 heNe, t,,,,„a ,^,,^,^^^ ,r Railways on the South and East. A 
 condvery important and independent rail connection will" be had' ' 
 ZJ • "" ''^"'^'" '''^"'^•"^'" -^^ ^»- New England 
 
 bui t and runmng 1,<.uveen West Furnh.m in the Province of Quebec 
 and R,ch ford „. the State of Vermont, a distance of 84 Miles .ndb ' 
 course eonstruction to Newport, Vt, an additionallengVof 4 
 mdoMobe <,,e„ed for traffic during this season. A Jun ion "^ 
 made at Newport wuh Uio '' Conuectiout and PusuJpioaJ 
 
 ._...*» ■•<, 
 
Railway " and its connecliona. From West Farnhatn the line of the 
 " South Eastern Counties Railway " vrill be continued to ( Lambly 
 and thence to Montreat The right of way has been partiiri'y 
 secured for this latter section, a large quantity of ties delivered, and 
 preparations made for construction of the work, which will be of a 
 li^ht character, owing to the very level country traversed hr the line. 
 It will therefore be seen that Chambly is destined to become a KaiWay 
 centre of considerable importance, a'd in coiijun( tiun with its 
 navigation connections wich all the leading cities and seaports of the 
 Doraihion, the vast water power it possesses will be in a position to be 
 utilized to the greatest possible extent, aud under the most favourable 
 circumstances. ^ 
 
 With the foregoing introductory remarks, I will now give a general 
 description of the several hydraulic sites selected, referring you 
 occasionally to the accom;"anying map upon which they are shown, 
 for the purpofjo of m:)re fully illustrating the subjjct. 
 
 From a point three miles above the bridge in the u; per village 
 there exists a fall in the river to the basin below the lower village, of 
 about by feet in a total distance of four miles. This fall, or declivity, 
 is distributed over the entire length, the wa'.er flowing ovjv a rocHy 
 bottom with an average width of ch:inncl of one thousand feet 'J ho 
 ^.djoining banks are suHicioMtly high to permit of dams of 10 or 12 
 feet high being jilaced at any point on the river, wiihout risk of tlio 
 water overflowing the bind. 
 
 In a river of this niagnitu<lo and draining so va; t an oxt.Mit of 
 country, with Lake (Jhaniplain as a reservoir for (Mjualizing or 
 regulating the How of the water, the power develo] cd ly Wh fall 
 through that height, at all seasons of the voar, mubt Lc \eiy great. 
 
 For the present ptirpose it will bo prudent to ascertain the minimum 
 flow of water, arid base the calcMilatlons accordiii'ilv. '1 his low sta-'o 
 of the river will naturally be found in the autumn when the level of 
 Lake Champlain will be reduced after the dry season of smnmcr. 
 On the KJth of October l!S i^, 1 hud an opportunity of nocuratcly 
 gauging the ipiantity of water passing down the river a; tliis | lace, 
 (when the level was at the lowest |)oint ) From these measurements 
 it was ascertained that I'JoT cubic feet passed a certain ] oint in each 
 second of time. 
 
 This quantity of water falling through the entire dIsJanCe of iu] feet 
 will develop a power of 80,476 horses or more than three tiurjs the 
 tmouDt of watgr power at the City of LoncU in tho United States. 
 
 
 ... .**' 
 
I : 
 
 Each foot of fall will therefore equal about 484 horses :— figures 
 which will be serviceable in detennining the heights of the dams. 
 
 On referring to the accompanying map it will be seen that three 
 points have been selected provisionally as suitable sites for dams, the 
 upper one on a rocky reef a short distanqp above St. Therese, nearly 
 half a mile above Hatt's mill ; the central one on a reef of a similar 
 character, at the upper end of the village, or some fifteen hundred feet 
 above Yule's Bridge, while the lower one is half a mile below the 
 bndge, or nearly opposite Willet's Mill. 
 
 In the adoption of those sites several governing considerations have 
 to be kept m view in order to obtain the maximum amount of benefit 
 from the expenditure incurred in construction of the dams, and avail- 
 able power furnished by them. A number of those lea iing points will 
 be briefly indicated as follows :— Ist-The selection of a site which will 
 give a rock foundation for a dam of a minimum height and consequent 
 cost, while at the same time yielding a good working head for tho 
 water wheels of the factories in the immediate neiglibourhood of the 
 dam, and without flooding the adjacent lands above. 2nd— A site which 
 will furnish an ample space of ground below the dam at each end for 
 factory purposes, and for the develorment of the power, year after 
 year, as it is required to le brought into use. 8rd-A configuration 
 bf grounds, or bed of river to admit of head and tail racca bcin- 
 constructed at the least possible expense, and planned in such a manneT 
 as to admit of extension from time to time with the growth of factories 
 and mills, spreading this portion of the expense of the water power 
 development over the entire time, required for bringin^r the total 
 power into operation. 4tli-R.>ady access to all tho fa" tories by ' 
 wide roads or approaches for railway, boat, and ordinary traffic 5th 
 —Convenient and cheap building lots for the houses of artisans, &c. 
 in connection with factories. ' 
 
 Based on requirements of the foregoing character the plans for tho 
 three sites have bepn prepared and arranged for being carried out in 
 sections, as demanded by the increased growth of the population or 
 trade of the country, one jortion working in harmony with another 
 and forming eventually a whole, complete and uniforin in all its jarts. 
 
 The following general description of the dams and their adjuncts 
 will be given, followed by statements of approximate cost and revenue 
 tobo derived from sale or lease of power. 
 
 The dams in use at the prewnt time in this locality are known as 
 Wij)g dama ; Iwving the show a short distance, and running 
 
 
parallel with it np etreacfi until a sufficient bead ie attained 
 for the mill at the lower end, or point of junction of the dam and 
 shore. 
 
 A very considerable amount of money haa been expended at 
 Chambly and neighbourhood in the construction of works of this 
 character, which are very objectionable in several paHiculars. 
 Ist — The limited amount of factory space and power which can be 
 employed in proportion to the cost of the win^ dam. 2nd — The upper 
 end of the wing dam, forming a bell mouth entrance in running water, 
 permits the entrance of floating ice a,nd frazil into the head race, or 
 canal, and interferes seriously with the water wheels of the factories. 
 It is a well known fact ih&t frazil is the product of shallow running 
 open water, and not germinated in deep still water covered with ice. 
 This fact at once*points to the necessity of the dams being plad^d at 
 right angles to, or across the river, raising up and forming still water 
 above. From this reservoir of dead water with an ice covering in 
 wiilter, the main head races leading to the factories at each end of 
 the dims are supplied, without frazil or floating ice, as in the case of 
 the wing dam, therefore obviating that difficulty. 
 
 The main dams at each of the three sites will consist of crib work, 
 fitted as accurately as possible to the rocky bed of the river and filled 
 with stones. They will be of the-^eneral height of ten feet above the 
 rock, ten feet in width on top, and sloping on each side with an 
 inclination of one to one, forming a base of thirty feet on the bottom ; 
 the side and top limbers will be suitably prepared for the reception of 
 sheeting, which will bo securely pinned or spiked to them. The 
 upper side will be made water-tight by brush, clay, gravel, and 
 stones i the surplus water of the river not required for the factories 
 will flow over the top of the dam. The formation of the shores nut 
 permitting of the excavation of head races, or canals for carrying the 
 water from the ends of the dams to the factories below, except at 
 great expense, it is proposed to use large wooden flumes for this 
 purpose. These flumes will connect by bulk heads and gates with 
 the main dams near their ends, and run down stream, between the 
 factories and the river. The flumes, while (jarrying the same level of 
 water as above the dams, and with foundations resting on the bed of 
 the river below, will have their bottoms about two feet above the rock, 
 to permit the escape of the water from the wheel tail races to the 
 river. Factory* lots at right angles, and abutting on those flumes, 
 with A depth of from 160 to 200 feet, and frontage of 100 feet each, 
 •itend down the river on both sideB, at the various duns. Wide 
 

 / 
 
 8 
 
 I 
 
 roads are also laid off at the opposite onde of tho lots for acco«j to the 
 factores. 
 
 On rcfcroncc to the plan it* will be seen that Dam No. 1, near Ht. 
 Thcrcso, has 22 hydraulic lots of 200 feet, and 18 of 1.50 foet by a 
 frontage of 100 feet each, or 40 lots in all. 
 
 Assuming an average working head of 10 feet at thia dam, thcro 
 will b3 a total power of 4810 hor-ses or 121 horses for each factory. 
 
 At Dain'M'. 2 we find space for 30 hydraulic lots of 200 feet in 
 depth by 100 feet.fr()nta;i;e each, and, with a similar head and powor, 
 each factory will have the power of 101 horses — at thiw dam, howovftr, 
 there-is n"^! (lifTiculty in obtaining an increased total head to the extent 
 of 18 fo'bt, withoit interfering with the works at Dam No, 1, Thin 
 h:a i will develop a power of 8712 horses or an average for cueb of 
 the, cO factories oi' 290 horses. ' 
 
 Bam No. o can furnish space kr 10 hydraulic lots, 200 feet, and l'<^ 
 of loO fjet in d ;j;th by 100 feet frontage cacli, wiih a 10 fuct fall, TheBO 
 23 lotj will.havj a total power of 4^40 horsos, or 210 horses eacli. 
 
 Condensing the foregoing results, we have for the three dam's 93 
 largo hydraulic lots, with an aggregate power of 18,-']SJ2 horscH, or 
 an average ^of 19S horses for each factory. 
 
 The foregoing brief sketch, explanatory of tho plan?, will give vou ., 
 ' a gcncTlil idea- of tho proposed scheme and its extent ; you will now 
 nuturully ask f)r information on an important |;6int, vii; : — at <^hat 
 cost can the whole or a [ortion of the work bo carried out, and the 
 probable revenue to bj derived therefrom. 
 
 In endeavoring to reply to this (pury the foIlo\nug aj.proxinitttc 
 estimate is given of tho cost of the dam and flumes at site No. 2, 
 selected as a medium one of the three. 
 
 Crib work, o,200 cifjic yards (a' ^3.00^ f 15 fjQO 
 
 Sheeting, 8,000 feet B. M. («. 'SiO 00, . . . . , 1(J0 
 
 Earth and gravel filling, 2.»)00 c. yards ^ 20 ceqts, . r>20 , 
 
 Stone pitching, 3,500 c. yarxls (3 75 cents, ... . 2,025 
 
 Brush, &c., say, l(jO 
 
 Add Superintendence and contingencies, . . . '. 
 
 Cost of Dam, .... . . . 
 
 Cost of flumes 60 feet wide, average width of 30 feet 
 Totallcnglh of 3,100 feet © $30, -. ' . 
 
 Total cost of dam No. 2, with flume8,''&c,, when 
 , completed. . ' 
 
 110,00/i 
 906 
 
 $20,000 
 
 93,000 
 
 $113,000 
 
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 It may be interesting to institute a comrarison of f>,« ..i r 
 value and cost of steam v,. v^^i^r newer ^T^l^ . . "'' 
 above estimated cost of dams ad rZ 1.'^^' '^^^^ °" ^'"^ 
 engine of 25 horse power, in^ t "Zl "tZ ITJ 71 \ "''"^ 
 power, and estimating 300 working da,s , er an^um ""^ 
 
 Engme with fixed b.ller com^ lete,$2,^00 (7, 7 per cent c i r^ no 
 
 Deprecation ,f worked ^4 hours continullv 20 '^ '■'' 
 
 cent per annum, . . - , -" i 
 
 Engine men, 480.00 
 
 Tallow, oil and Waste ' '^ ^'^'^ ^^ 
 
 Cal^t the ..te of 4^bs. per'lL J^'. per h;u.: 321 ;ons '' '' 
 
 Total expenditure for 25 II. P. per annum, . ^iTT^n 
 
 ^* or about S130 per horse power. ' -^^^-- 
 
 % the preceding calculation it has been shown ih^^ . i i 
 . power of water will cost ^13 00 '''^' ^''''' 
 
 Ji.> horse power X $13.00= $.':25 0> 7 per cent, . . ^o 75 
 
 , Add deprecation, of flumes, which will last 15 pars, 
 §«n, liorse power, = .*lo;(i7 X 25 horse power 
 ^"lit' years, 
 
 Tyler wlieel with shaft 20 feet long, will cost $-100 (;;' ^ '' ' "^ 
 
 < [)er cent, .... " v 5 v> 
 
 Depreciation and attcndancc'lO per cent," .' .' ." .' ^qOO 
 
 Total expenditure for 25 horse power wheel, . . . <^i^o 
 
 or at the rate of $.1.34 per horse power. • "^^^^^^ 
 
 The comMarison will consequently stand as follows •- 
 
 Annual cost of steam per horse power, ...... ■ ..igooo 
 
 " water " « » 
 m , • Of 1 • . . . . 4.84 
 
 iakmg .1 hours work in a day is really the correct method of ' 
 conipanson, as the water power would otherwise be runnin-^ to waste 
 . ^-;^^;'-''f-">nle there are many branches of m^^^^^^^^^ 
 wl.. harecontmuons. If however, twelve ho.rs per <liem be the 
 working tune, the following will be the state of the case 
 Annual cost of ,stenm power, per horse power, . c;,]^ OO ' 
 
 An a^lditional saving would be eflected in insurance of factoHes 
 > asi woudbeles, with water wheels than ifVam engines we7e' 
 '^i^loyed. These calculations are su ffi to show fb. y,.f differ 
 
 •■•t£x.:''-^-»:!:tj;g»te i 
 
10 
 
 ease in coat in favor of water power as a motor^ which alone should 
 b3 employed as long as the Richelieu flows before your doors, with 
 such admirable facilities for its use. 
 
 In estimating the commercial value of this power we may be safely 
 guldsd by the original value placed on similar power at Lowell, when 
 but a village like Chambly, or some 2o years ago on the Lachine 
 Canal by the government. At Lowell the annual rental amounted 
 to about $10.00 per horse power, and at Montreal to $8.00. At the 
 pres.'nt day, in either of the above places, this same power could not 
 bo purchased under the cost of steam power, or probably twenty-five 
 timss the original cost. 
 
 For our present purpose we will adopt the original Montreal rate 
 of $8.00 per horse power, p^er annum, and at a low estimate, the 
 value of the hydraulic lots to be disposed of may be placed at an 
 average of $1000 each. 
 
 The total horse power at the three dams, 18,092, (" 
 
 S3 00 per annum, ••5^147,136 
 
 Totd number of hydraulic lots, 03 X 81000 G T pr tr 6,510 
 
 Total annual revenue. -"Sl/iO.G-lC 
 
 An approximate estimate of the cost of the three dams and flumes 
 complete, may be placed as follows : — 
 
 Dam No. 1, 8140,000 ^ 
 
 '• '^^ 2, 113,000 
 
 •• " 3, 8G,000 
 
 Total cost ; it'342,000 
 
 This amount at 7 per cent will rcnuirc, to meet in- 
 terest, the annual sum of $23,940 
 
 To which u.'ust be added tlic annual depreciation of 
 
 flumes . . 18,000 
 
 Or a total annual outlay of $42,540 
 
 To meet this charge we have the estimated annual revenue of 
 5153,(>4i), leaving a profit, after meeting interest and depreciation, 
 of 8111,100, or at the rate of nearly S3 per cent on the total cost. 
 
 In" the foregoing estimate, the present values of the hydraulic lota 
 have not been taken into account. They occupy the bed of the river' 
 to a considerable extent, and do not, I presume, possets* much 
 
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 value apart from the'r conrection vr'th the improved hydraulic prop- 
 erties of the river. 
 
 .Sucn is a view of the scheme taken a3 a uhole, but, from its very 
 magnitude, it may not be realized for many years; It therefore may 
 be well to take it in sections, and ascertain if it possjss any value 
 under that form. 
 
 Bam No. 2, no doubt will furnish the most eligible site for a com- 
 mencement, and may be adopted as the point of crossing for the Sorcl, 
 Montreal, Chambly and St. Johns Railway. The cost of the dam 
 with a sufficient extent of flumes to accommodate a factory at each 
 end, will be as follows : — 
 
 Cost of dam, $20,0C0 
 
 Costof necessary flumes, say, 7,000 
 
 -Total cost, §27,000 
 
 ,At 7 per cent, will require.. $1,890 
 Annual depreciation of flumes 400 
 
 V 
 
 Total yearly expenditure,... 3-r-'^'^ 
 
 Rental of water power o80 horse power @ $8 00 . . 
 Interest on sale of hydraulic lots, S2000 (n- 7 pr c. . . 
 
 Total 
 
 revenue, 
 
 §4.040.00 
 1-10.00 
 
 §4, 7. SO 00 
 
 Leaving a profit, after meeting the interest on total cost, and 
 depreciation, of §2,400, or al the rate, of about 9 per cint., fer an- 
 num on the outlay. The dam being common to all the hydraulic lots, 
 the only extra expenditiiro .in bringing additional ones into the 
 market is the extension of the flumes or head races at an expense of 
 about §30 per running foot. 
 
 It is thought suflielent evidence has now bi}en given to establish 
 the character of .the 8clu3me as a " paying one," eitlier in its entirety 
 or in its parts. Its indirect influence on the villa;re and s'urroundiii" 
 •country, in the enhanced value it would give to real estate, ineiraso 
 to the population, and consequent markets which would be created for 
 the surplus agricultural productions, with demand for labor and in- 
 creased circulation' of money^ew can realize. 
 
 In preparing the plans and estimates, I have »endeavorcd to give 
 you a scheme, perfect in all its features.* The amount required to- 
 carry out the work, will compare most favorably with the cost at 
 
 m 
 
12 
 
 which similar works have been executed in the United States and 
 Canada. 
 
 In a work of tfiis character and mag\iitude, a " penny wise and 
 pound foolidh " policy should not for a moment be entcy-tained, but 
 everything in connection with the dams and flumes be lAiilt in the most 
 solid aud^ub-^tantial manner, and with ample space to dcvelope the 
 power. Numerous- joint stock companies have been formed lor yibvk- 
 ing mines in the Eastern Townships in past years, with consjdeVjiJjly 
 larger ca; itals than that required to developc this mine of ^oltli. 
 Mineral mines, with the most flattering pros|;ect3 of paying largjy re- 
 turns, may, after being opened up, prove of no value ; but in this leg'tl- 
 mate enterprise there is no unbertatfity', for as long as the Richelieu 
 River tumbles down its rocky bed, so long will drafc.s on its exchequer 
 be hcmored at "par. ,. ., , 
 
 With even one of the dams built and in operatio^the commanding 
 position of Charably as a manufacturing and disti^tiiif; point, wilt 
 soon attract the attention of capitalists and manufacturers. It there- 
 fore d )cs not re(iuire much prophetic skill to foretell its future nrog- 
 res?, and the no very distant day, when it will become to Montreal 
 and Canada, what Lowell now is to Boston and the Nev.^ En'dand 
 States. " " 
 
 I am Sir, 
 
 Your obedient servant, 
 
 CHARLES LEGGE,^ 
 
 John Yule, Esqre. avil Engineer. 
 
 , Seigneur (f-c, jf-c. 
 
 CUAMBLY. 
 
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