^ ^«.^< ir IMAGE EVALUATION TEST TARGET (MT-3) 1.0 1.1 li^lM 125 2.0 i4P U& I^IIL&U^ < 6" ► Sdmces Corporation 23 WIST MAIN STMIT «MttSnR,N.Y. 14SM (716) •72-4503 4^ ,4" ■ > CIHM/ICMH Microfiche Series. CIHIVl/ICMH Collection de microfiches. Canndian Institute for Historical Microreproductions / Institut Canadian de microreproductions historiques Tachnical and Bibliographic Notes/Notaa tachniquoa at bibiiograpliiquas Tlia instituta lias attamptad to obtain tha boat original copy availabia for filming. Faaturaa of thia copy which may ba bibliographically uniqua. which may altar any of tha imagaa in tha raproduction, or which may aignificantiy changa tha uaual mathod of filming, ara chackad balow. n D D D D Q Colourad covara/ Couvartura da coulaur I I Covara damagad/ Couvartura andommagte Covara raatorad and/or laminatad/ Couvartura raataurte at/ou palliculte I I Covar titia miaaing/ La titre da couvartura manqua I I Colourad mapa/ Cartaa gAographiquas an coulaur □ Colourad ink (i.a. othar than blua or black)/ Encra da coulaur (i.a. autra qua blaua ou noira) nn Colourad plataa and/or illuatrationa/ Planchaa at/ou illuatrationa an coulaur Bound with othar matarial/ Rail* avac d'autraa documanta Tight binding may cauaa ahadowa or diatortion along intarior margin/ La re liura aarrie paut cauaar da I'ombra ou da la diatortion la long da la marge IntArieura Blank laavaa added during reatoration may appear within the taxt. Whanevar poaaibia, theae have baan omitted from filming/ II aa paut que certainaa pagaa blanchaa ajouttea lore d'una reatauration apparaiaaant dana la taxte, maia, loraque cela ttait poaaibia, caa pagaa n'ont paa 4t4 fiimiaa. L'Inatitut a microfilm* la mailleur exemplaire qu'il lui a At* poaaibia da aa procurer. Lea dMaila da cat exemplaire qui aont paut-Atre uniquea du point da vue bibliographiqua, qui pauvent modifier une imaga raproduite. ou qui pauvent exiger une modification dana la mAthoda normale de film«ge aont indiqute ci-deaaoua. The tott I I Coloured pagaa/ Pagaa de couleur Pagaa damaged/ Pagaa endommagtea □ Pagaa raatorad and/or laminated/ Pagaa reataurtea at/ou pallicul6ea Pagaa diacoiourad. atainad or foxed/ Pagaa dteolortea, tachetAea ou piqutea □ Pagaa detached/ Pagaa d^tachtea 0Showthrough/ Tranaparence □ Quality of print variaa/ Quality InAgala de I'impreaaion □ includaa aupplementary material/ Comprend du materiel aupplAmantaire □ Only edition available/ Saule Mition diaponibia D Pagaa wholly or partially obacurad by errata aiipa, tiaauaa, ate, have been ref limed to enaure the baat poaaibia image/ Lea pagaa totalamant ou partiallement obacurciax par un fauillat d'errata, une pelure, etc., ont M filmtea A nouveau da fapon d obtenir la meilleure imaga poaaibia. Additional commenta:/ Commantairea auppiimantairaa: Pagination n followi: 37-60 p. Thia itam ia filmed at the reduction ratio checked below/ Ce document aat film* au taux da rMuction indiqu* ci-deaaoua. 10X 14X 18X 22X 26X 30X y 12X 1«X 20X MX 28X 32X The poai of tl filml Orig bagi thai aion othfl firat aion or ill The ahall TINI whi( Map difffl entii begi right requ metl ir« details iM du modifier l«r una film«ga Tha copy filmad hare has baan raproducad thanics to tha ganarosity of: Nationai Library of Canada Tha imagas appearing hara ara tha bast quality possible considering the condition and legibility of the original copy and in keeping with the filming contract specifications. L'axemplaire fiimA fut reproduit grAce A la gAnArositA da: BibliothAque nationale du Canada Las images suivantas ont AtA reproduites avac la plus grand soin, compta tenu de la condition at da la nettetA de I'exemplaire film*, et en conformity avac las conditions du contrat de filmaga. ftes Original copies in printed paper covera are filmed beginning with the front cover and ending on the last page with a printed or illustrated impres- sion, or the bacic cover when appropriate. All other original copies ara filmed beginning on the first page with a printed or illustrated impres- sion, and ending on the last page with a printed or illustrated impression. Les exemplaires originaux dont la couverture en papier est ImprimAe sent filmes en commen^ant par la premier plat et en terminiint soit par la darnlAre page qui comporte unn empreinte d'impreesion ou d'illustration. aoit par la second plat, salon la cas. Tous les autres exemplaires originaux sent filmfo en commenpant par la pramlAre page qui comporte une empreinte d'impreesion ou d'illustration et en terminant par la darnlAre page qui comporte une telle empreinte. The last recorded frame on each microfiche shall contain the symbo* — ^- (meaning "CON- TINUED"), or tha symbol V (meaning "END"), whichever applies. Un des symboles suivants apparattra sur la darnlAre image de cheque microfiche, selon le cas: le symbols — ^ signifie "A SUIVRE", le symbols ▼ signifie "FIN". re Maps, plates, charts, etc., may be filmed at different reduction ratios. Those too large to be entirely included in one exposure are filmed beginning in the upper left hand corner, left to right and top to bottom, as many frames as required. The following diagrams illustrate the method: Les cartes, planches, tableaux, etc., peuvent Atre filmAs A des taux de rAduction diff Arents. Lorsque le document est trop grand pour Atre reproduit en un seul clichA, 11 est filmA A partir da I'angle supArieur gauche, de gauche A droite, et de haut en has, en prenant le nombre d'imagas nAcessaire. Les diagrammes suivants illustrent la mAthode. i errata id to fit ie pelure, 9on A n 1 2 3 32X 1 2 3 4 5 6 W*"?'' % 4„ .•► i- i w /^ -1 i V '.'A^*4. :E^,;1*■ T%-E -J .'«./ ■ '■■i-'-*'!>-*i?.'' !?■, > TO T H B ,'■ H • ' •»!,■< ■■%<■ II^HABlt ANT S W*"-" »-.J:.« * • '■'^« .•■-/• P a O V IN C E^ ■'/ E B E C V- ■'S 1' ""^"TT** mr i ' . I ' l ll'< I ' .i (liii mm ■»iS" f I tm Wii^iAM and 1^1^ BiM^^9, ■"v, ./. . .,■ 1/4. / - i %, r .)^- •if!.*- *»■ i*l fi •'(9. .■^. t if ] -.1 o i OJ O F T H E ;P«. Q y I N C E OP i^X/^JE B EQxl /T/«/if j»^ Fellow-SubjeSis, - V ^-"-"^^ E|v ^he P E, L E G A T £ 9 pF the Colonies ^ , of New Hampfhire, Maitachuietts-fil^^ khQ4j^4(Iahd an^ t'rovidehce i'lsmtacions, Cofh* nc5Ucuti New-York^ Ncw-Jdfey, ffennfylvaniait l^he tounfies of" Newcaiile Kent and SulTex oa' Delaware, Maryland, Virginia, Korth-Carolina and South-Carolina^ . deputed by the inhabitants of tlie faid Cofc^les, to reprefent them in a Ge^ liefai Congrefs at Philadelphia, iii the province of fVrinmvaniaj to confult together concerning ttii'^il methods Co obtain redrefs of our afflldb- ing gHevances, having accordingly afTembled^ and ckken into our moil feripus conlideration the f^aiifC of pubFic affairs on this continent, have thought proper to addrefs your province, as a member therein deeply inierefted. When the foitune of war, after a gallant and glorious refiffanc^, had incorporated vau with fhe body of Englifh fubje£ls, we rejoiced in the truly valuable addition, both dn our own and your account *, eJtpefting, as courage and genero- fity are naturafiy united, our brave enemies would F 2 become \ I "7 I 38 ] become our hearty friends, and that the Divide Being would btcft to you theidifpenfations oJF hist over-ruling providence, by fecuring to you and your lateft pofterity the ineftimable advantages of a fi'ee English conftituiion of government, which it is the -privilege of aU Englifh fubjefj^ to enjoy. - These hopes were conGrmed by the King's proclamation, ilTued in the year 1763, plighting the public faith for your full enjoyment of thofe advantages. y * .. , • - . ' Little ^d we imagine thk^ any fucceedii^ Mifiifters would fo audacioufly and cruelly abil^ the fx>yal authority, as to with-hold from ybd the fruitioii of' the. irrevocable, rights, tb which' jou were tlius juftly endtled. But fince we have lived to lee the unexpeded tunc, when MinHtcrs of this fiag^ous temper have dared to violate the moft lacred compads and cbfigadons, and as you, educated under another form of government, have artfully beeii kept from dilcovciing the unfpeakable worth of that fbnii you ^kt now undoubteu and ncages iment. King's ghting thofe eediiu^ tn ybil whidi' peeked roiper npaicis under jrbecii edto^^ reaibn$ fomc ! cck- che "educe lifeiy. The v_ l- ■v^ t 39 ]■ The Intent of good Uwsf htoicpptjfi this ijfort^ and CO diffufe their 'vA\Xtxk.Q uniurjally and Rulers, ftimulated by- this pernicious **:ef- fort,'* and fubje^s, animated by the juft *' intent of oppofing good laws againft it,*' have occa« fioned that vaft variety of events, that fill the hi- ftories of fo many nations. All thef6 hiftories de- monftrate the truth of this fimple pofition, that to live by the wilt of one man, or fett of men^ is the prod^dion pf mtfery cq all men. On the (olid foundation of this principle, En- glifluncn reared up the fabrick of thieir conftitu- tion with (uch a ftrength, as forages to defy time, tyranny, treachery, internar and foreign warss And, as an iUuftripus author* of your natioii, horeaiter mentioned, obferves^ — ** Thef gave the people of thdr Colonies the form if ■thehrown governnoent, and this government car- rying profperity along with it, diey have grO^n great nations in ,the forelb they were (cm to in;- habit." # In this form, the iirft grand right is, that of the people having a (hare in their own govern- ment, by their reprefentadvcs, chofe* jy thdn- felves, and in conlequence of being ruk - by iaws whidi they themfelves approve, norby^<://^i of meB pv^ whom they have no controuK This is a bulwark furrounding and defending their property, which by their honeft cares and labours they have acquired, fo that no portions of it can legally be taken from them, but with their own * Montefciuieu. ' full and free! confent, when they In thetrjudg^ ment deem, it juft tnd neceffary to give thetn for public fervices, and prccifely diredl the etfieft, cheapeft, and mod equal methods, in which they (hail be coUe^ed. .7; ^4 ■ .««.. -t The influence of this right tjctends ftill farthet'. If money is wanted by Rulers who have in any manner opprefled the people^ they may retain it^^ / until their grievances are redrefled i and thus peaceably procure relief^ with6iit trufting to de-^ Jpifed petitions^ or didUrbing thd publif cfati^ quility. The next great Hght is^ that of trial by yiit^j This provide^ that neither life,, liberty hor pro^ perty can bP taken from the poiTelibri ^ntil twelve of his unexceptloriable countirythen an«^ peers, of his vicinage, who from that neighbour" hood may reafbnably be fu^pofed to be acquaint^ ed with his chara£t^ry and the chara^ersof the witneiTes^ upor^ a fair trial, and full encjony^ face to face, in open Court, befbrd as many of the people as chufe to attend, (hall pafs th^ir ftn^ tence upon oath againft him ; a fentence that cannot injure him, without injuring their own reputation, and probably their intereft alfo *, as the queftion may turn on points, that, in fome da* gree, coticern the general welfare ; and if it ddei not, their verdict may form a precedent, thi^t, <)n a fimilar trial of their own, may militate againft themfelves. Another right relates merely to the liberty of the jKrfon. If a, fufegeft is feized and impri* ' . foned "•1 :rty ipri* )ned [ 41 ] fonied, tho' by order of Government, he mayi bj; virtue of thb right, immediately obtain a writ* termed t Habeas Corpus, from a Judgr* whfiie fwqrn duty it is to grant it, and thereupon procure any illegal reftraint to be quickly enquired into and redre0ed. A FOURTH right is, that of holding lands by the ttfnure of e^fy renta^ and not by rigorous and opprelTive forvices, frequently forcing the pof*- ibfflirs from their families and their Uifinefs, toi perform what ought to be done, in all well regu* iated ftatof , by Qien hired for the purpofe. Thi laft right wo (hall mention, regards the freedom oi the prefs. The importance of this confifts, befides the advancement of truth, fcience^ morality, and arts in general, in its difFufion of IH>6ral fentiments on the adminiilration of Cjo- verninciit, its ready communication of thoughts between fiibjeds, and its eonfequential promotion of union among them, whereby oppreflTive offi* cers are ihamed or intimidated into more ho- tsourabk and juft modes of conducting affairs. Thess are the invaluaUe rights, that form a 'ConEderabie part of our mild fyftem of govern- ment; that, Ending its equitable energy through all raaks and elafies- of men, defends the poor from the rich, the weak from thepowepfu), the indufirious from the rapacious, the peaceable from the ifiolent, the tenants from the^ lords, and all from their fuperiors.: ' ' '^i^r Thbsb are the rights, without which' a peo- ple cannot be free and happy, and under the pro- V?i-, -v S Is ^ L >tei«(t.:M.r'^- ■•'.?; [ 4« 1 proteftrng and encouraging infhience of whicht thcfe Colonies have hitherto fo a^a^ingly flpu<' fiOied and increafed. Thefe are the rights a profligate Miniftry are now driving, by force ol arms, to ravilh from us, and which we are, with one mind, refolved never to refign but with our HycL . These are the rights yeu are entitled to, and 4>ught at this moment in ptrfeftion to excrcife. ^nd what is offered to you by the late A& of Parliament in their place ? Liberty of confcience ia your religion? No. God gave it to you; and the temporal powers with which you have been and are connected, firmly ftipidatcd for your enjoyment of it. If laws, divine and hu- man, could fecure it againft the defpotic caprices of wicked men, it was fecured before. Are the French laws in civil cafes reflored ? It ferns fi. But obferve the cautious kindne^ of tat Mini- fters» who pretend to be your benefa^ors. The words of the ftatute are— that thofe *^ laws ihaU be the rule, until thef fiiall be varied or aUered by any ordinances of the Governor and Council.*' Is the *^ certainty and lenity of the erimnal law ol England, and its benefits and advantages,'* commended in the laid' ftacute» and iaid to ^^ have been ienfiUy felt by you,** fecured to you and your defcendants ? No. They too are tubjedted to arbitrary *' alieraim^* by the. Go- vernor and Council ; and a power is ezpreflf reierved of appointing *' fuch Courts of erim- iialy civil aad frri^^/^/M/ jurifdidion, asiihall be thought proper." Such is the precarious tenure of mere «»//, by wiuch foii hold your livf a and . reiigkni* irhicht i;bt8 ft rceof , with chour }, and ccrcife* \& of fcience • you; I have td for nd hii- aprkes Ue the ms fo, eMiiiK . The rsfiiaU aUerei- m/law ;ages, aid to ifed to too are he.Go- xprcfly cnwtt" kbaUbe [ 43 1 ./, T tenure iFfsand digba. religion. The Crown and its Minifters ^re im- powercd, as far as they could be by Farliamenc, to eftablifh even the Inquifttion ttk\\ among you. Have you an AiTembly compofed of worthy men, ele<5ted by yourfelves, and in whom you can confide, to make laws for you, to watch over your welfare, and to dired^ in what quan- tity, and in what manner, your money (hall be taken from you? No. The power of making hws for you is lodge!d in the Governor and Council, all of them depehditnt upon, and tc- movable at the pleajure of a Minifter. Btrfides, another late ftatute,mad% without your confent,' has fubjcded you to the impofitions of Excife^ che horror of all free dates; thus wrefting your property from you by the mod odious of taxes, and laying open to infolent tax-gatherers, houfes, the jJMif^^ ^^ domeftic pe<»ce and comfort, and calirami^caftles of Ehglifh fubje£ts.in the books of their lawVx^d in the very a£t for altering your government, and intended to flatter you, you are not authdrifed'to '* aflfcfs, levy or apply any t^afes and taxes^ but lor the inferior purpofes of taking roads, and erecting and repairing pub- lic iuildings, or for other local conveniences, within your refpe^live towns and d^ridbs.*' Why this degrading diftindbion } OugVt not the property honeftly acquired by Canadians to be held as fa- cred~ as that of Englifinitn t Have not Cana- dians fenfe enough to atlind to ahy other public affairs, than gathering ftones from one place ii|d piling them up in another? Uiihappy people t who are not only injured, but infulted. Nay more! — With fuch a fuperlative contempt of your underftanding and fpiric ha$ an infblent Mi- r ,■ \ »^%t.- / N - " [ 44 ] niftry prcfumed to think of you, our refpc6i:abre* fellow -iubjedls, according to the information we have received, as firmly to perfwade themielves that your gratitude, for the injuries and infults they have recently offered to you, will engage you to take up arms, and render yourfelves the ridicule and deteftation of the world, by becom- ing tools, in their hands, to alBil chem in taking that freedom from /w, which they har reachc- rouflv denied to you \ the unavoidable confe* quence of which attempt, if f^iccefsfiil, would be the extinftion of all hopes of you or your pofterity being ever ifcftored to freedom: For idiocy itfelf cannot believe, that, when their drudgery is performed, rhcy wilt treat you with lefs cruelty than they 'have us^ who are of the fame blood with themfclvcSs What would your countryman, tlK imjfribr- tal MontefcjiiieUy have faid to^ad a plan of do^ mination, as ha$ been frarped for 'ou ? Hear his words, with an intenfeneis of tho\ ^ht fuited to the importance of the fubjeft . — •* i a free ft'ate; every man, who is fuppofed a frcr agent, ought to he concerned in his own govemme f ; Therefore the legijlative fhouk! refide in the hole body of the people^ or their reprefintativ. "- — '* The political liberty of the fubjedt is a tranquillity of fnind, arifingfrom thell^inion each perfon has of his fafety. in order to have this liberty, it is re- <^(lte the government be fo conftituted, as that one man need not be a/raid of another. When the power of making laws, and the power of ex- ecuting them, are united in the fame perfon, or in the fame body of Magillrates, there can he nd V»%4 iihertyy .-/■..-_,: / lAerty \ bec^ufe apprchenfions may arife, 1^ ti^f fame Monarch or Senate Ihould enaSt .tyrannical Jaws, to execute them in a tyrannical manner." » " The power of judging flioyld he exercifcd by perfQns taken from the body fif tife people^ at certain times of the year, and purfuant to a form .and maimer prefcribed by law. 7here is no li- ber ty^ if the power of judging be not feparaUd from the iegijlafiv/e Sind executive powers." . , > ■ *• Military men belong to a profeffion, mKich may bg ufeful, but is often dangerous."-— *' The enjoyment of liberty, and eyen its iup- port and preferyation, confifts in every man's .being allowed to fpeak his jthoughcs, ^nd Uy >c^n bis ioDtimentSu * h f>iT^>j^^>i3 t*>* A|u|LY thefe decifive maxims, fan(5Hfied by icHrwimirity ©^ ^ name which all Europe re- (wres, to yoxifHm^ ftate. You have a Gover- nor, it may be urged, vefted with the executive ipowers, or the powtrs of adminifirfition. In iiim, and in your Council, is lodged the power qf making laws. You have Judges^ who, are to decide every caufe affeding your lives, liberty or property. Here isi, indeed, an appearance of the leveral powers being Jeparated and diftnbuted into different hands, for checks one upon another, the only efFeftual mode ever invented by the Wit of •men, to promote their freedom and profpefity. B.Ut (corning to be illuded by a tinfePd outlide^ iw?d exerting the natural fagacity of Frenchmen, e:^* amine the Ipecious device, and you will find it» .to yfe an cxpr^fllon of holy psxty *' ji whict^'. G 2 ft-pul-. ■.\-:.« i.-)ii>»>* C 46 1 ij^lchre,'f for buiying your lives, liberty ^uid property. i »- ■ % , Your Judges^ and your Legifiative Counci/, as it is called, are dependant on your Governor^ and he is dependant on jthe forvant of the Crown in Great-Britain. The legifiative, executive and judging powers are ail mov^ <^f neatt September, Unleis. the fiud gri^f ances are redrefled. 4 That Almighty God may incline your minds (o^fApprove bur equitable and neceilary m^Cures, td add yourfelyes to us, to pijt yoUrfatie, wheo* ever you fuffer injuries which you are determior ed to oppose, not on the fma'il infiuence of your ^Dgl^ provincilf but on the conibiidated powers ^ N^rth'America, and may gra^t to oiir |oint cxiertions an event as happy as our caufe ia ji^ft, is th«^ fi^iocnlpray^ 9^aMa> your fincere and af- idSkionate friends and ifellow-^bjedts. By order of the C^^BI^ HsKRy Mwmt4oti9 Fri6dm. i ^. , .J .■(*i O^Dbera^ 1774^ r ^p>-' .,jt^ r"^ I •-«(» . ■ ' • >i -i . '"' ■ 1^- Sp*"^"--,- • ^' ''-'*r'.L eund, aftei BxpiiratioM o^^s, 9ktt Ids the (aid your minds Y m^Cures, fate, when* e decermuir Dce of your ited powers ^ to 6urj|oinr iufeift jMft :ere And 'tfRQCfltH' ff- 'S ^ f