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MiNisi'i;i( ni' Till-: Fnikmio'i. < >TT\W A. m- 'MJ^ ^ # ^ *SBf Srii, — M V iittontioii has liccii culled lo cci'liiiii conTspoiidt'iii IOC wliicli !i|i|icin'H in n to I IC ICSIK'CtlVC clmnis (i1 f M llilicsolii recent coipy of The Field nc\vs|)!i|ici- relative and Manitolia as a field t'oi' einmiiitinn. Tlie (inestion is so iiTi|)oi'taiit al tiie jncsciil jinicture, in view ot' the extensive einifjration likely to tako |)lac(! from (li'eat ISritain, that all relialile information on tin; suliject should In- collected and disseminated, ami T tlieretore \enture (o siiliinil tlu lie made [mlilic. ollowinj; ol iseivations w liici I may, if yon think [.lopet As a resident in Canaila for thirty years, who has more than oiic(^ traversed the country Irom tli<' Atlantic to the Pacili and who knows tin 'lativelv II Province of Manilolia, the vast e.xpaiise of fertile lands of the (iri'at North-West beyond, as also a v(.'r>' «reat jiart of the nortli-westerii portion of tiie United States, I clai"i to ^ he in a position to throw some lisjht upon those points which tl le correspoiii Icnts it! eitncr 'lom hastv conclusions. y rail, and, except when roads are liea\V in spriiii,', a settler can, with his wai,'ons and carts, I'cacli tl Dulin vincc in two or thi'ce ihiys," iV'c, itc. Another correspondent, under date of the irith .\pril, uontriliiites an article fioni tic Mark Lmn' /■.'.ijurns, in which are many (juotalions fioiii letters liy Mr. Weld, eilitor of the ('(in'tdit Furmorn' Aotlf, ami a wood-cut ellini; in .Manitolia is reiiroduccil. Kej^'arding that indic.itl\e o f the diliicnlties of trav representation, I wonhl say that it is a truthful picture, ii. part, that what Mr. Weld says h(^ saii' is true, are simply horrilih ami that (if. ccrldiu I In i/n in the \icinity of Wiiinipi Iiiit, at the same time while adinittiny; thi im> to say illustrate tint thei', )t\ mother snli tir pii'tui-e, -h r facts peril; ip: permit l)esr. 1)V hrief )f some ol f my e\t(uisive (^'<|ll'l•ienl•es of travelliiii; there. On the eNeniiii,' of the 4tli .Iniie of last V( r left Toronto for Wiiini intending to spend six luonths in the interior of tin- Territories examining tlu; conntry. ad found the roads in that vicinity in splendid 1 W on the Htli .luii eonditioii. < >u the same e\cuili<; I dr')\e out to the furthest It that ^rr. Weld reaehi (nine miles from Winnipeg) in less than an hour, overa level and hard liighw, ly- >h iteii track-, with nei'. .er hr iken stone mu' "ra\-el to entitle it to the i lanie ot i'oa> consisted nu rely of the rich prairie soil witlujiit the eovoring of grass, and was therefore only a dry-weathei' road. As the usual summer r.iiiis were expected to comiuenco at any time, I hnrrieil my preparations to he off, hnt the rains ccnnnieneiid the next day, lat(; in the afternion. In less than an hour veiiicles passing through the Htreets of Winnipeg and the roads spoken of w( lifti the rich hhud? earth in great flakes, iuid the rei<'n of luiul spoken of ut>ov(r Iiml eomiiifiiotMl. Uut, foiinimcely for Maiiitol)a, tla^ miii tlml doses one inoilu of triivelliiij{ opens up iiotlier, uiul, in j)laue of following the rom', I (l(!terniiiie(l to proceed Ijy the Assinilioiiie, as steamboats were then navigating it as fur west as Fort Ellice, 220 miles from Winnipeg. I purcl'.ased immediately five niontlis' provisions, horses, carts, harness and all other needed aiticles. Seven days ;ifter leaving \Vinnii)eg I reached Fort Ellice with all my material. During the seven days I was on the hoat the rain iell almost without intermission. In sixteen days from Toronto I had leached a point 220 miles west of \Vinnii>eg and fifty miles lieyoud the outer settlements. At the time T lelt Winnipeg, no iiiiii\ with the least claim to common sense wouhl have travelled by the roads, when the steamboats were running every day to Portage liii Prairit;, sixty miles west of Wii.nipeg. The plain of Manitoba is easily aflected by wet weather ; l)nt beyond the confines of this Province— about 109 miles from Winnipeg— the second prairie level is reached, and for 700 miles there stretches a country rich an hands of the Goveiiiment, and incoming settleis have nothing to do but t > plough and reap. I-ast year many of the .settlers who arrived during May broke up the prairie, and raised excellent crops the same season on this drier and more elevated ])lateau All the laud west of the Manitolia plain will produce good crops the same year as it is broken up, as hundreds of settlers proved last y^ar, the sod «n the higher plain not being so tougli as that further to the east. Lust November 1 saw numbers of settlers who came to the countr\ in May, and ruised all the grain and roots they wonhl require for the wiiitt-r. My reason for making special mention of Fort Ellice is to Hx a, point ea.sy of access, from which settlers can go in any direction and get good and suitable locations, without the I'eur of '»•<{ roads, ,jr a deficiency of wood or water. When lecturing before the Historical Society of Winnipeg lust winter, T descrilied a tract containing 1(1,000,000 acres of iirsi-cii'ss lend radiatiuj, from this point as a centre, and tohl my audience that as soon as this trad, was filled, t was prepared to give thorn u further instalment. T v.as then convinced that settlers would flock to this region on the opening of navigation, and such has turned out to lie the fact, and two lines of sti-amers are .. ,w plying on th(! river to accommodate the traffic. ri# '^-.^ <»■%' m .J,.: Regarding die climate of this tract, I may say that we picked alunidance of rip(^ strawl)erries on the ICth June, when ascending the rivers ; and about 120 miles west of Fort Ellice, ut Qu'Appelle, barley was cut and stacked lust year by the 27tli July. This is no exception, as I found barley harvested on Peace Kiver, in latitude 59° 24', longitudt? 110°, on the Ctli August, 187"). These two points are over 1,000 miles apart, luit thesum- nit-r climate is ulmost the same. Of the Red River Valley T have little to say, as thiic the greatei- part of the Governvneut lamls are already disposed of. but would advis(^ intend- ing s(!ttlers to see the country west of Manitolia for themselves l)efore making up their minds for any pui'icular locality, and no', turu l>i':k(lik.> sous) nnu 1 know) uutil they stand on the beautiful prairie beyond the bonnd.s of that Province, and see, at least, the portals of tli(^ vust country that exteiuls without a break for VOO miles. West of this j)oint I never suw a man who was dissatisli-d witli his locution, or who diil not think his ground *as the bes"-. in tin; Territories. One of the correspondents, si)euking of prices, (fuotes what they wcun two yeurs ago. To show tii(^ clianges brought about even in one year, I may state what they weie in 1879, when I b. nght flour in Winnipeg at $2.75 (lis. tid.) per 1001b., and contracted with Oai)tain Moore, of Prince Albert, for flour delivered at Rattleford, GOO miles in the interior, nt $4.50 (!8s. Cd) per lOOib. Pork coat in Winnipeg llic. {5|d.) per jwund,, but. outsid(! of that city, beef was nowhere over 10c. (M.) per pound. One and a half cents \h'v pound was charged for freight between Winnipeg and Fort Ellice. Fiom the above any emigrant can tell exactly what it will cost to place hiin on the western limits of the settlements, with the whole land before him. I tf ■4 ^"Wm 3 One word i\s t(i inteiuling ststtlciu It' llicy nw. iifiiiid oi' luosfjuitocH, imul or work, tliey liud bettor stay iit home, as people of tliiit sort are altogetlier imsuited for tlie West. Mo.s(juitoes imkI uiiid are two of tliii di'awbacks peculiar to all new couiitrieH blessed with rii'h alluvial soil, but l)oth disappear to a j north shore of liake Ontario we cultivate immense quantities of barley. This barley is largcdy growji for the AnKMieiMi market, and, although the American Government impose an import duty on it, not less than 3,0l)(»,()00 bushels a \ear are shijiped acro.ss the lakes at an average price of nearly a dollar a bushel. It may be inijuired why the Americans buy this urain ? The answ(^r i.-^, to mix with their poorer samples, so that American malt may find ready sale in the European market. After disposing of their barley, our farmers buy such i|Uanlities of American maize as tliey may require for cattle feed, at an average price; of less than GOc. per liushel. The transaction stands thus : We sell to the Americans 481b. of barley for lOOc, and. when we want it, buy back from them 1001b. of maize for the same money. In other words, we nmkeaclear gain of 5211). weight of food for our cattle and pigs out of eveiy bushel of barley we exchange. The Manitoba barley is even better than the barley of Ontario, and the increasing population of the Western States is constantly demanding more malt, so that but a very few years will (ilapse before the same system of exchange will be in operation there. Maize- growing, thei-efoi'e, on suiierior soil such as we have, is not to bo thought of by the farmer. As one of T/ic FieU's corresjiondents has introduced Mr. Weld's name into the disrussion, and quoted from him, I shall take the liberty of doing the same. In the very article from which the The Field's correspondent quotes, Mr. Weld says : " We cannot convey a correct idea in the small space that we can occupy in one or two Lssiu's of this journal ; it will take some months to complete our observations on our first trip, which took place in June, generally the wet month in Manitoba, and this season 1 it liJipiKMi'Ml to III' iniii.iiiii!/i/ sii. We rctinin'il lo niir iiilicc nii ilic Stli .Inly, li:i\iiis,' l"'<'ii away just four weoks. VV« saw wln-at <;i'o\virn{ most Inxiifiaiitly ; it, was liii)l lands, sjieak most favoralily of tlicif |H'os|pccts ; iiianv iiri'l'i-rrcij till* olimato ami soil to tlmt tlii-y liul left in Ontario 'lliose tinil were enmi^'d i r- caiitilH ])ursiiits were doinj^ well, and liotol-keapers were doiiit; a jjood InisincHs Many emigrants were iire|>arini{ to f^o into the country to tlieii' several destinations." Tlieh follows what 77/'' Fli/J has already |iulilislied, after which Mr. VVelij informs ns why he tan'ned ''ack. " W'e went nine miles oiil of Winnipet; on the main iVirlage roiid. This is the roail (Hi which most of the travel is done to and from Winnipei;. 'I'ln' rains again desc nded, and the roads were in too had a state to induce us to .,'0 further. W'e turned and luaile Sack tracks." Then follows the illustration. If the readers of 77ie Field had all ihc facts hefoie iheni, they would have no ditliculty in understanding why .Mr. Weld wrote so Htr>aigly ahout mini, water, ami all th(we other terrihle things of which he speaks. There itiv lions in the way, hut the man who lioldly fiecs iliem will always find they are r/i(t!iii;il. Rxcuse nie if T now yive vou one oi- two morn extracts from Mr. Weld's journal : — •'TlIK CWAIUAN WIIKAT (i.MlDI'.N. "We have more than once spoken of ('anad.i as the grci't wheat-growing region of the future, and tli.it fm urc not so in the We-iterii world, vet such is the t* '1 n < .1*1 •• •• 111 the iii;iiki'ts ,. ,,iir I'laiiif Pfovinc...-, '• TlM. St,U-.s l,;,v.. Iu,l alHu.lMM.: ..n.|.s, ,..,,,,.1, , , ,|1 „., ,,,,„„^,..,^ ,,,. j^,, ^,, . Iiinv ,.s,n, MuutnU. wh..., tlmt its ha.hu-s. n.ay. wl.,.,. „hx.„1 with that of soft ',• wheat ;: :' '""'■•■.";■-'';• ^ 'l-T to our Xor.l,. WVst farms an.l fanners W,. ,„.,v '"^•: '■; ; ""' ^' ••■"' >"^"'^ ^^"' -'^"- "- '-'iHii-ut of th.. pn.,ii,.tio,. that ,h ..;.; l-;".n,. Ian,ls .,i ( ana,ia will h,- ,he .ranary of the < )M Worhl. a,.,l that the teemi,., ";.'";': '" "'" ,"" ";: " ' "-^ '""' ''"^'""' • -■■' -'--^ "• -i-i.iy ti- .h-aciencv III lli'l- hnliit^ |io|illliilloli, I 1 ^ .r W'„le iM Alani.oha I ha,| n.any eo.n e.sa..o„s with hsuliu, A-ueri.-aus, au,l h-arne.!, * ■;, '";'■*"""'':' -•;>-'"-"t, tiiat tl dllers of .Minneapolis an,l St. Paul were l.uvi„: II. ail .he su.plus wheat raised in Mauitoha !a,t year, that the St. Paul au,I Mauitob! Kiulway was earry.n. this wl.eat at low rates ; au,l n.ore astouishiu, sUll, that the A.uen,.an (.ovn.nu.eut were aetually allowing it to ente. the States Aee of duty. N... !.!■ ev.,., th. last stat.ne,.,. 1 we,u u> the Au.eriean .^..huI at WTtuuip..^, Mr. / aylor an.l asked h.,.. if it w.re true, ami he replied i„ the alKr.nutive jlplaini... Ii... .1.- nille.s ,ave hnn a l,on,| that tho wheat was bou«h, for export, and the .v'nerieau < usiouis Deparluieiitautliori/.eH ilie nMuission of