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MICTOCOfY RESOIUTION TEST C:H*»T 
 
 ANSI and ISO TEST CHART No 2 
 
 
 1.0 
 
 I.I 
 
 in 12.5 
 
 2.2 
 
 ^ ^ ilil£ 
 
 '125 i 1.4 
 
 1.8 
 
 1.6 
 
 A APPLIED IM/^GE Inc: 
 
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 M; ■ 
 
 -fp- 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
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 ;ft8 
 
 - =158^ 
 
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 Ji-~ 
 
DOMINION OK CANADA 
 
 DKPARTMENT OV ACRICULTrRH 
 BRANCH OF THE COMMISSIONER OF AfilllcrLTCRE AND 
 FKUl'J' JMVJSION 
 
 JAM. Vr. ROBKRTSO?!, 
 
 OQBiDilMloner of Agrlcnltar* aod Dairying. 
 
 Gblef or Frull DItUIoBi 
 
 EXPORT APPLE TRADE 
 
 W. A. MAfKFNNON, B.A. 
 
 I3ULT^T^.TI:N' T^o. 13 
 
 NEW SKKIKS 
 
 PCBLTBHII) BT Dl«lCTTON Of TOT HnN. Sti.sFT A. Fl?«H1tR, MnfTBTIR Of AOBK>n.TTOI, 
 
 Ottawa, Dst 
 
 AVGU.ST, loo:'. 
 
 Hi 
 
Ottawa, .Inly ".1, \'M>:'. 
 To thi' HoiiciMrahlo 
 
 111.- Miiii>tii uf .\;,'rioulture. 
 
 Sill,- I 1m- to tiMnHiiit liiMvwilh the l.ullctiii uii ' KNpoif Ai.pl.' 'I'la.l.-,' Wy Mr. 
 NV. A MacKinnon, Chief ot' tin' Kruit |ti>i>ion; iiiiii t<> iiiomniiMiil lliat it !«■ i.nnltil 
 for <listribution. 
 
 1 liavu till- honour to !»■, ^ir, 
 
 Your ol)e(lifiit s.'T\ant, 
 
 .(AS \V llol'.Kin'soN, 
 
 (Jomviisawner nf A'/ririilliii' nm/ /J'liryiuij. 
 
 illil 
 
 I'ti 
 
 13— U 
 
C'ONTKNTS. 
 
 I I 
 
 [nTIK'IiI (TIOV 
 
 PRODUCTION 
 
 1.— V \mi riKs TO Plan r 
 
 ■ I. >i iii.liini vftrietii'^. . , 
 '■. I^iijil i-iptiilitiim." .... 
 
 •i.--.< Mil, "K I UK < )Kt'll .!,!> 
 
 (/. CiillivHtiun and cuvcr itc«iis 
 
 fi. I'fiinitl;,' 
 
 c. Hp'-iiviim 
 
 9 
 
 y 
 
 9 
 
 10 
 
 10 
 
 B DISTRIBUTION 
 
 1 Si:t,i.iN'i INK Chop 
 
 ■J. I'll-KIN'. 
 
 (I. Inric t'l jiick. .... 
 
 h. I{i-Illi>\;ll nf '(lrii|.. 
 .-. |,;lc|r|rls iind I.* kl'Ui. 
 
 .'(. < In MilNIi 
 
 t. I' 
 
 6. 
 
 11 
 11 
 
 1-J 
 
 'm KIMl 
 
 I'm. l'\(K.\iiK 
 
 .(. I'll.' liaircl . . 
 
 /.. Th.' box ... 
 
 r. 'rill' iMUipart t r;i,si> 
 
 '/. WnippiMg. 
 
 .'. M^ikinj; 
 
 II WIH.ISII 
 
 7. Siill'l'iSi; 
 
 r(. t'dlil ^tonll;■• 
 
 Ik Vcntil.itioii. . . 1 
 
 r. I'rct'Ttiun from tni.^t, 1 
 
 3. Sl'Ult.MiK ' 
 
 ■ 
 
 APPENDIX. 
 TIIK FUUIT M.\RKS ACT, 1901. 
 
 I'kxt of tup. Acrr 
 
 ( )iu>KR-iN Council 
 
 iNSTUfCTION.I TO InM'I.i'] oK.-i . . . 
 
 K.XPI.AN.VlunV N'OTK.^ 
 
 It. For tlu' i^rowcr 
 
 h. For till' owner 
 
 c. For tin- packer 
 
 '/. Suiiunarv 
 
 17 
 
 -M 
 
KXPOIIT AI'PLK TUAhi:. 
 
 IN ri{< >i 'I t I'M 'N. 
 
 1 1 i. ,„,. ||„. ,,1,|. .t ..f Ih.' |...-.-r,l Lull, tin |.,,|,-, ,1. ti'li. tih. .|,...i .- ii M,.|, 
 
 Ml ,|rt.,il. hiu.l, !.■- I . -ii'.'L:.-! inii..^,.ii..n- -i ...h. ■■..'• ilIi li h.n..- j. iK.- ,,|.|.l.. 
 
 ,,. ,.|,. ,, . ,,,,u .-t.il '• h.'.l , liMi r.itl..r '.. ...Ilr, I iri'l | ul.li-l. i i,w i. . ii' I ■nii I i-v 
 
 ,,.,,,.„... th. L:.h.r:,llv ,|r.,|.t,.l p, ..,.,,. I. uhirl, ! 1... i.,..,,.l I , .. I... ■ m 
 
 |( !.,« Ill ' lll'i rXjiOl'tlML: ..| ( ,111 c.ll II, .q.) !■ - l-l r.UM.l ■ Ml. inllk. ' ■ 
 
 '\< -\ I,| !„■ U,ii„Mn MiiiHi, li.-'. V. 1. II..1' ''>•" ■-"iiM..: [Mill. i|:. - i.ln I ih.iiiv 
 
 ..,,m!,..i,- ,1, -.. ^;.-i ;. trv m milI ^O,.-.., ,, |.| ■ .m.^i!-! ,■ ,....i i,.i.'.l 
 
 ,„ ,h.-..' IM-. - It 1- llV M.. III.MII^ nil. lll-l I- ...,.,|, Mtl„. I|,...|.. l.M> ..11,^ !.. 
 
 „-,.~l uImi iiiMV -..|.'lv (..■..■l-r-l a- ll,.- I ..! , -Ml,..., I I, ,:•,-,,,.„..,-,,. 
 
 ;.„ ll . , II, ill I'll- iiM\ .1. iiMii'l 
 
 rii. -ll,],-. I .liM.I.- ii-'if M.ilm illv ml,, t .., i^ii' ■ A i - I i."l - ■ '■'• t i| ! ••- '"' 
 ,.v|,„., ^sl,..ll .» 'Im' l.'.-H ( tli. , .i.mI B lii- i-"i,,Mt t ■!„ p.-lu... 
 
 Villi, ll 1- til.' I.UMll.s, ,,t 1„1. k.l- atl'l -iil|| , '■ 
 
 A -^ PRODUCTION 
 
 1 Vanetios to Plant. 
 
 rii.- 111-! .iu.-ti,„i I,. !..■ .■.,ii-i.l.i..l l.v 'I.'' n.l'M.I.'..' .■r,,u..r i--. uli,n v ,i i. ' ,■ - ..f 
 
 ,,,,i,.. ll.. ,|,.,ul.l pi. ml. l;. I I" "li'i^. !.■■ in-i 1 ..,n-i.|. I HH.lli-i.'!'. 
 
 „. Wh.ii i .,..- i.|-.,ii,i-.- III. li.-i I. 11,111- in tl... I,„.,^n in.iil, ' «'.,. I ii"..li~ 
 
 1.^ \Vl'u,l'i'',V'il..-.' nmII Ml. ....... I I. -I 1111. 1.'i iK- 1.....1 .■..n.iiM.,!,- ..11 lii-..«ii ini.i 
 
 a. M \M. m:1. \' m:I1 III ■-■ 
 
 n„. ..|.,w..r- «ni fin.! tliiit ,1 f." ^:lll.n.- «lii.li u- m iv ...il' ■ -l.in.i.ii.l " ' I'"' 
 
 ,„,,.., i i.r.. .iluiiv. w;int,-,|, aii.j !l.:it tli- .Lm ni'l l"i -i"'" :- I'l i' n. :rlv niii'..| ,,n.| 
 
 ,|,„. „.a„v..tl,.T'M.ii.-ti-i.iv....-l.|.'l.- I --' •- Ipii—. !■" ^v «i-i i-l'".". 
 
 1.,, a ....•."iiil tr.i.ii-. ■.!• ai .i tiui.' "Ii.n 'li' :■■ '- .i -li'Ml.r.'. in ■ -• ..n. I,i i ■ I- 
 
 (If .■.,iir~., 11 1, .-.-.■iitial t.. .•..iiM.l.-r ii..l ..iilv tl,.' pi..-, n- ,i. 111.11..1 iii'l ]<v-. I.ut 
 
 ,| ,,, ,1„. fiitui.-. ulii.li iiMV !..■ afl.'l-H'V 'lull-' 11. l-p"'^"' '•'■■'■ .^' '■'■■'■•■i-'l 
 
 ,.,,i„|..titli.|i ul .ll..!..' I'lit t.ii'I'l wiii>-'i. -. .1- tr;iii-l..,iM' I.i.ihti.- II.' mil l..^.,i 
 
 ■ri„.av..rau'.-::n •»'■'■• « h- ■■^"I'l"' '"■■"' '" •M-m"""' ■'''■ ■'•"'"" '"- |-'"-"ii.' <•' 
 .1,. vatirlieswhirh tl,..ai..,M;.-,.,iM.I.Ma!i.„i- La.j liniil.. -l..- .1- ■-'.h..I:ii I \- m "■! 
 
 .,, Illlll. ill., t'nlj.n^illi.' tint- lliav pinvr ll-.tlll 
 
 ,ll Six ai.I.;r..xi...it.'is M-|.r.-'iitiii- li'iii- ■^'"■'' ■r"'"' '" ''^ |..i.'~ .,t « .ina.la, 
 
 ,>,n. a.-k.. I -•].•" "'■'>■ '" "^""" ''"■ '"■-' ';■'•""-' ^'""'"■^ "' '"'''"■ '■''^"'- """ ■"■"' 
 
 •Mill .iii..lli''i. ti',11, I'l \i,..it.r- (...lilt ..t ^1. ". 
 
 Ut tlic MX . \l...il<-i-. .ill nam.. I tli.- ILiMuiii. 
 all ., Ci.-.niiiL;. 
 
 ti\.- 
 
 >|.y. 
 
 
 f..iir 
 
 (...!, 1.11 1 
 
 til-^.t, 
 
 f..iii 
 
 K iiiu. 
 
 
 f..iir 
 
 r.,ll |l:|\ 
 
 i-. 
 
 t'.,iir 
 
 C.ini.la 
 
 !.■.!, 
 
 till.-.' . 
 
 Mann. 
 
 
 t \i . . 
 
 (■...,,„., - 
 
 Maikit, 
 
 out' " 
 
 lllll.l.a|. 
 
 iM..n. 
 
In (itii'M *cinN, tlif clivci'^ilir.l i'\|.riifiicf cif tli."^t' mm led thetn to ivcDiniiKTid 
 only titi v;iri>'iii'- in .ill, nf whiih iln.-r ll.iM\>iii, 'iicfiiinn -'''d ■^py— '"imd aiipi-oval 
 witii i\fv than tvM>lliini~ "t' th.in ; iind niily ,i:;hi \ .iricti.'s in all werr named by half 
 of thr -!i;ii[..'i--, 
 
 i.' I I'iirr,. >o\a S..itiu giii«oi> i;.i\'<- |'ivc.. li^ncc to the fulluwiug nine varieties; 
 
 * N'lini'.nril. 
 1 >al(Uvin, 
 K.n-. 
 S,,v. 
 
 (miM'Ii lliisset, 
 ' ■ni-iiiiii.'. 
 
 * lUi'tihi'nn, 
 
 * <ii.iMn-tiin, 
 |;.M ii;,M.. 
 
 (3. A ~ iw '.iihu't.-'-.if iruJ! ^i.uMi-, ,,ii:..,l In inp<'t with the Fairs A'^sociat ion. and 
 [ir.-)iM' a Ml' M. i |.ii.'.- ii-t l\.r t(.uii~ln)i ami .■oiinty fall fairs in Ontario, suijnntted 
 tl.'' I'oji.iwi?!.' |M ' .iiniharv ii^I : 
 
 .\rpr,i:s. 
 
 C^.A^S I. ( 'iMMl.lK lAI. VAIUKTlKi. 
 
 I'.iidM in, 
 Tn'ri Davis, 
 
 * IMrnhrini, 
 
 * < 'l alllin TV, 
 
 * iKirhrvs" 
 
 ( H 'I'nin:;, 
 
 * • uawn-tiin. 
 ll':l)liar.l.ston, 
 K,n-. 
 
 < li;!ario. 
 S,,y, 
 
 * Wraithy. 
 
 Tlie f'>l:-'-v-'i.' li-J •■t •"..!%.■ vari.li.,-. ifn-mnu ndi'.l f(T the Aiinayu'lis VaJlev, is 
 taken tr..i}, i;., 1 l.-n,. -:• a^i ui Mn.ii 1 'i, I'.mi-..', the order bring that of ripening :' 
 
 I ila^■■■!l^tl•ln, 
 
 * !;:r.:i„.im, 
 
 Kin,', 
 
 (;:,...,,i„g, 
 
 I mMvv in, 
 
 ' ■'■Idrn KiH^./t, 
 
 * >• a-k, 
 
 * !■ ill l\\,l!r|-, 
 
 \'"n li.ivis, 
 Ni'hl'ari'il, 
 
 /■■'■'•(•' ■, /'• /■ //./--, ';■•.■,. /. A'.,, /, >/.y and A'/"7, api ■■ai- in r;„'h .it the ab.ive listls. 
 T!n> u>i;i.| -■ 'i. ■' nioi. a'.' ■ ha: ,,iMin \;iiii't it- Micceod \\f\\ in in.'st seelions, but 
 -houlii n'i' aa'i .i.'A.i, t" ii",;!iel .stii'iiv '"lal ■■■ini.ilii,in.<. 
 
 ^^!.>r!,.•r< !..• 
 
1). — Lor A I, COMHTIONH. 
 
 If the mrlmrd is to ciintain hut few viirii'tii"- it is tlii' riKin- iK'ii'^^aiv that these 
 f'l « -.IkhiIiI Ik- tlie (>;•(/ li'-xt tor the inir|niso iiitiiiile<l ; iind it must Im- reiiieiiilM're<l that 
 11. are ii'iw deahii;.' with the 'lyiifV ^v(f/.. It i> imt eiiniii.'h that a eertain variety is 
 ,/,,r«/ . wi' Miiist eiic|iiiri-, is it tlie li-.^f. iir laie ui tlie three or t'dur l)est, fur tlie 
 i\|«irt trade and fur this particular farm.' '['he yiuwer mi^'lit to plant thosi- ciily 
 uhich arc Ix^st suiteil to the soil, jotatioii and general conditionv of tlie piopoM-d onhard. 
 The adviei' of ex]<«'rierired I.M-al orehardists should !"• ohtained, and < Intario and (.lueliee 
 uTowers should not fail to consult the lists ^'i\en for the various liistricts in .Mr. 
 Mai-ouns pamjihlet * • .Viipli- Culture,' pp. :!.'V:!7. 
 
 Having ohtaintil a reliable list of • staiidar.U ' froui which to M-lccf, the j,'rower 
 luu-t now <'oii-ider the estalilishcd fact that l.iri,'e lots of uniform merchandise command 
 liiiihcr [irices than small or nii.xed lots; it will theivf.ac In' to hi- ad\antai.'c to plant as 
 Mianv trees of each varietv selected, as his ^'lound will allow without crowdini.'. l^vciij 
 
 if he' desires with a small' orchard to • co\er the season,' tlii-i ■ f.air \arietie- should 
 
 i.c -.ullicient. A \erv successful .\nna]iolis grower recommend- foi- tlii- puipose only 
 three, for Nova Scotia ; — 
 
 (iravenstein. 
 
 I'-aldwin. 
 
 Ndnpareil. 
 
 fi 
 
 lliiil'iiiij X'lr Stack. 
 
 In purchasini; trees, the ■ji-owei' should di'al only with the most reliahle firms, or 
 vMtli a;,'ents wh<im he knows personally, and whom he can liold resp<insilile should thi- 
 trees not prove true to name. He should moreover, resi-t all inducements to plant new 
 mil untried varietic-, for which the aireiit claim- i'.vce]itional virtue-. .V- U'fore stated, 
 ilie a\frai;e fxrow.'r caiuiot ail'ord to e.v|>eriment, hut sii<udd await the verdict of the 
 ' imernment stations. 
 
 't'l'ji (irti/t'uty. 
 
 If the varieties ali-eaiiy planted ari> unprolltahle, from any cause, tlie i.'rower 
 -houM replace the undesirahle trees, or alter tliciii hy top.j.'raftini; to standard sorts as 
 le-enlMMl in ' .Vpj.le (.'ultnre ', p. L'lt. 
 
 2. Care of the Orchard. 
 
 If the ap|ile trees arc> to yield their owner a ^ockI return, he mu-t in\e-t -omethint,' 
 111, .re than their ori:;inal cost: he mu-t maUe -onie annual outlay in feedim:, train- 
 iii- and protectiti;,' them. In other words, he mu-t cultivate, prune anil spiay. 
 
 A.- ('lI.llVATIoN .\Nh CoMli Cllol'S. 
 
 < >ichards i-C'iuire cultivation, 'riii- i- -o nearly a univei-al rule, that the excep- 
 ■n>ii- iicihI not Ih' discusscil here. 
 
 Th( liii ohject of cultivation is the con-ervation of riioi-ture ; hy keepini; on the 
 
 -iiitae.' a dust mulch of aUiut three inches in <lcptli, evapoiii'ion is checki'd, and thus 
 nioi-ture is retidned for use of the trei's. .Moreover, it ha- liceti -hown that frcipient 
 -turini: to tins de|itli, secuics foi- the trees tiie Lrrcaic-si ipiui.iiiv ni maiiaiiie piani fo.Ki. 
 i.y alhrwinf; fr.'i' ciiculatioii of air through the .-oil. hivp pio« ini: ile-troys many of 
 ijie tine HMitlets which i;row near the surface, he-ides reducing the amount of plant 
 toinl available. 
 
 • liiilletiii No. 37, Ciitral KxiK-rminitiil K;iimi, (Ut.ov.i, wlmli will In- s. ut Irci- tu .ill api'lyiug for it- 
 13-2 
 

 j^ 
 
 ^ 
 
 ■* 
 
 . 'I r 
 
 I- '■ 
 
 r ■'«-»- idf ^,* „il 
 
 10 
 
 TilliiLic ^liuiilii tir_'in Willi III! i-ariv sprinu |.lii« itii;, if iii'ii-,s;irv to turn tiinliT ,i 
 coviT croii, tollciwr.l liy t'i('i|iicnt <-iiltiviitiiiM. t'^i'i'i-ially iiflcr- niiii, till i^irlv xv iniil .liiiv, 
 iit'trr which thr ticu :^r.pwlh nIkhiIiI Im' .•lilounl to ii|..Mi. Aiiv impli'iiicnt iiiav t"' iisi".i 
 tliat will thH|Mii^lil\ vi 11- till' soil til .1 (li'|illi lit' thii'i' irichrs. 
 
 A iMM'i rrii|i sliwiil.l liii-ri 111- v,,\\ri. ^iml riilli\.il imi :iliaiiil.iiiri| ilmiiii; ihi' M'^smi ,it' 
 \Miiiil I ipi'iiiiiL.', lirii ( l..Mr, ( 'r iiii^iiii ClnMi-. .,!• Ilaiiv \ rti h will iiuirh thr Miil w itii 
 iiiti.i:,'rn, ln'siili's t'oniiuiu' a thirk mat nf \ uu'flal imi lirt'irir ^iMliTM'ts in. ami thus 
 alVniiliiiir iiiutrctinii a;:iiii-t llir finst. I lurk u lirat , ivr ami uals ai.' aK.i u^ril as I'ovi'r 
 ciMj.-. aililiiiL.' huiiuis III I 111' siiil ami ihuIitI iii;.' llir imiK iliiiiii:; wintrr. 
 
 Ci.vi-r I i-.i|.s -hiiulil 111- |.|.i\iiil iiiiilii- as laily a^ pi.^-ililr iii ihi' ^priiii;. iinlfss tln-rii 
 i^ |i|rnly III iiii.i-liiir in ihr -..il l,i raiiy ihi' trrrs -at'rly llii.ni-li a lime nf ilriiu;,'ht. It 
 li't'l :.'iii\v in-,' tlii\ ilia w .ill' la!'_'r i|iiaiit il ii's nt' iimivt urr. 
 
 This vuliiint w ilialt with t'lilly liy Mr. Macniiii in "Apple Cultm-c" ]ip. 57 lit'. 
 
 /.. 
 
 I'riiiiinLr is in pari an ailjuml nf rull ixalinii. sinri' it is liv ]iriipi'r pruniiii; that we 
 seriire ti'i'^ siuh a> ran he eultivateil tn aih .iiitaire. The ipiestinii of hi^li or low heaiU 
 will not lie ili^eus^eil hrre, lull it shoiilil hepiiiiileil out that with the ii.se uf extension 
 tools, cull ix. it ion laii In- e.iiriiil verv elose In low lieailed trees. 
 
 Ilasini: -■•eiiieil tlir propoi' heii,'hl of t lees, piamin^ shmilil he liiiiileil lo what is 
 ni-ii vviry fm- the free .ehiii-^inn of li;,'litaml air lotlie entire top. Linlit ami air shoulil 
 lie ili^triliiiteil wilh.iul w,i-.|eiif s|iaee involveil hv he foriiiatioii of liolluw onp »ha)ieil 
 Ilea. Is. Till' leiiire nf I lie I ree sin iiilil lie left f.iirlv Well lilled. hut not crowded. If 
 ,1 liiamh is rtihhiii:; aiiillna- or inlerferiiii; wiih its lij;lit, the infi'rior braneh .should 
 1»' eul out. I'runin.' should he done .i^ far as p.issihle when the tree is voun<; or when 
 the Iwi^^ are vmall. t hoin;h il is heller lo eul out a lar^'e hraneh than to li'ave it, if it i~ 
 injurin;,' the tr.'e. .;nd every tree reipiiii.^ annual .itlenlion. 
 
 Spiri.il alti'iition should he paiil to fruit spurs. These should not U' reinovi'd from 
 the lowei- l.r.uiehe^. Iml the aim of the grower should he to distrihute the fruit spur^. 
 and thenf.iie the fiuil. o\er the entire workiiii; .surf.iee of the trees. The whole tree 
 should he madi' a ^.mne of nnenue to the grower, hut without, however, allowiin.' it to 
 over Ix-.ar. I'l niniiu' may In' done in May or .liini', if time eaii he found for this opera 
 tioii, hut it is 1. iiionlx- done in the mild we.ilher of earlv sprint,'. 
 
 e. — M'UAViNi;. 
 
 Tlii» oj.i'iation has in ii'ienl years rome to U' held ahsolutelv essential to sueeess. 
 fill .apple u'i..« III:;, Wliileit is soun't im.'^ t he .ase in .i favoiu-ahle season tlmt unspraved 
 friul i- fill' from -i.iii and ^pot, yrt llieri' is no vciuj-iiy exn.pt in careful and thoroiiirh 
 hpr.iNiiiu Thr III. .-I ii-rfiil f.irmiila for the pre\enlion of seal) is that known as the 
 lioidra.ix mi\t ill. , .1 ^laii'laid eonipo-.il ion of uhieli is as foll.iws : water, t" ijallons ; 
 roppt-r -ulphair i liiu.-!oip-i. t pounds; fresh liiii... \ pounds. It is a lomiiion pr.aeti..- 
 ji.iw •.. u^r li\r 111 ■-i\ 1 oiimU of lime, and in \M'| sra-,.iii> siirli as thai of 1!hiJ, it l.i. 
 lieen found 'hat thu-' _'i.i\Ma's are most suri-,i.,vfiil ulniu^ethe excess of lime, whnii 
 «iu^es the mi\tiiir !., .i.lhrre h.'ttrr ti 'r,i\r> ;ind fruit. 
 
 |-"or late -j.i,i\ir,_- llir .immoniaral '-oiiate solutioiiT is rreoiunirndrd in^trad of 
 
 llonli'aiix a~ it doi- in. I -iml thr fruit. 
 
 ."siirkiii:,' iii^. .1- -11. Il as aphis are destroyed liy ker.isrne rmulsioii. Todrstiov 
 <al iiiL,' insrrt |"'-l- -iirh a^lli.' i-. wllinj; moth and cank.'i' worm. I'aris r|.,.,.|| ^||,,||l,j |„ 
 .iiidrd 111 thr I'l. n . I. '.ni \ iiiiMin.-; I olllirr^ to the liairri i^ llir iwiia.! .iiiiiilitv. hu' 
 a-- eommrrri.il I'lri- r|r.ii is ntlrn iiiipuir. it is wi^rr to u^e an oiinre or tw.i exlr.i 
 
 • S..). ' .\|,|.ir I'la ir. . |.a.'. t;i. 
 
 + ( '■■|il..r . ..rl . II. IT.-, ,'. .. an'. - ; . nil'. ..iiatr.l ,111 II, .Ilia, ;; n'Liit- ; w.iiiT, 40 gull. iu4 ; iii.-,,~. .Ui' tlic car- 
 
 Jmimtt- 111 lltr Ulll!li'.lil,l ..11 ! IV'l'i t'l till. W.il.-r, 
 
11 
 
 w'n 
 
 1 ;,,„""„„,. -iH.. ,v,ult ,1 .hut .h.v -..!<• t.. .1:.- l-t,.„u, a,„l ,. .. :tl,M..t u„,m,.., ,1.. 
 
 j;:!;,.,,,;;;, , ,..„t< ..,• ti„. \.n,r\ .:. ...i,..,„-,i .,. t., .,■. n... ,.,.,,,..>• ,.„xt,„v „,...„ ti». 
 
 ,„„t H, .Pl.r .i.M .. Mutv nu.h .v.iy ,.,,. ..I.v.Ty . « ,,' an,l La. a„.| a,,,.!-. ." '.'••■^^" 
 ' , , „.,.n-.l ..art .. l.al.l.^ .■• th- aUark ..f ,1,.. s.-al,. In ..ni,.,- ... ..-ar.. th. I,n.. n„.t 
 ,. L..ai„i„.<.Ml,-s„lu.,..n,> li.M „..,aiM...,an.l .l„.„ a ^.n.n^ an.l p-M ,....^-u,e 
 , ,. , I. l,a^ 1 ,. f..u,„l .ha, a .a-..l., r .t-a,,, .n.n,.- ,^ .h.. l».,st M,.a„.nt 
 
 ,,,i the. luiiup It lia- 1 II t..uiH 
 
 >,iuiiiii; a unit'.. nil iii.^h iiiv--.in-.-. 
 
 yii^. I,, S/Hii,/. 
 
 The tnvs .h..ul.l h,-i,rav...l .,>.>. h..f..,v , h.. l.a.K hu,;.. .h.;n just l,.-f..ro th,' hl..--.n-^ 
 
 „.„,„„|„.,..lv af..T .h,.y-fan. an.1 ...„ day. la,.-,. I h.-i- h.ur sp.-in^^ -'. -< .. 
 
 „!,li,;arv curuni.ia.i.vs, i„s,uv that tla- •■r.^. ,- ,■ .an^a,,., .,..■ .,-..... ^.a., ■; '"_ J- 
 
 .11 ItiarV Ciriailii^iaii. . .^, .1.-...- ',,11 V 1 .,,,,1 ,,i I 
 
 ,i.,urom;.nt, tll..u-h the c.lli.m in.itli i.nis, a!... !,.■ ...n.ht hy iiHai,.... ha-i.U ,.la,..l 
 r,. 1 t lu. rocs .iui-iM, .h,. -ailv suniuuT. In u.iu.ually u.t ^,....,1. Uu- ..r mx ~,.rayin.s 
 
 %,ll 1„. uiv..„. W It s.,„i,..un..s ha,,-.is tha, ah jh-v,.!.,,.. a,.. ;""';■-;;--; 
 
 Th,. ..i.i.rali.m ot sj.rayi.i- iiaysiiiany .unr. ..v.r. Kmh .t it ■-..., I, lt^ a .m, 
 
 f,„. .aeh .p-avi,,.. an.l if liv. sprayui.s w,.,v .iv,.,i ,h,. ,,..a - -— -,. . ^^ 
 
 .„uia h.. nm,vthan .i,a,l,. u,, if ti.. t,-. h.a. .m y a -'"-•';" ■\. ' .\:' ,', 
 l.,.t«a.o.. s,.otto.i and u,i.,,.,.t..a fruit >s usually th. 'l'"' 'y'!;:- l-'^\-' ^"- ' •""' ^" " 
 „,„1... wl irh oft.... aMmui.ts f. a .lolla.- a harr-el ... th.^ L.tli^h .na.k,.,. 
 "" 'Hi,. !V,,art„i....ti.t,.sti... th.s ya.- ,h,. aava.ita.-s ..t ,.,....,; ...layin. a,„ ,. i-. 
 f.,rlv«..ll.Mai.Hsh..athat wh,, >vv,.,- a ^iii.-l- ..'.-..w...- ..,■ ,;.•...,,. ..t tann.a^ has.. ...... 
 
 S ;;:"sa,ia t...... .1,. >,n-ay..i. .a, -n.^t ,.,.,.,i,,„.i,.anv a,.,., a. it ,..,_ta„, y .an . 
 
 ,„.,st othoif.itlv <l.....', hv use ,>( a I».w,.i- .aHlit. Kitli-a- M.ain, .'.i-.h.. - I.'- < 
 
 ;;;,.mavU. s..l..,-t,.a as.he nint.v,.,,„w.r; all <,f th,... aiv h. m. ..nl.h.y.a in a..l..,...,t 
 
 (.arts of Canaaa ut tl.f pi-ese..t tiiin'. 
 
 B DISTRIBUTION. 
 
 1. Selling the Crop. 
 
 When the prowrr is n,.;, also an ..x,....-.o.- ho ...ay soil the apj.l.s u, one ot two ways, 
 ,.„he. a o .nud. ,..■,• 1 ar.ol ...• at a h.in,. sum f.,.- .ho ont.ro ofoha.-a. As Imyors otton 
 i;:;;a.iroontra.'ts l..n. l.ofo,.,.,,,.k■...t,,,a^.a,h,.,,,...h,.a inv..lv,^s^^.^^^^^^^ 
 
 ,1, „l„l,lo..ia.kot ,,n,...auiin..' fall an.l -.vin.. .■ wh...h wiil !.,■ „.,uK,.oa ; .. ,.. a 
 
 „ , ,:„i„tv «o a.l.l th- aitlioultv ..f ostin.atm.' in.ai.h. in a.jva ,.•.■ .l.' tot, 1 s . M ... •,-. 
 
 , ,, Jil,,..., t.. all th.Th;u,.o^..f w...ath..r, ,., .h-..uul,t. hail. an,| ju,„l ^..nn. th.- 
 
 , „ , ;..s-l ko ,.ha,-a-t. 1 ,.f l,ar.ai„ni, 'hv tho lumi.' i^ a,.,.a,..nt. W hu.hov,.,^,.a, - v .an,. 
 
 I , , ,1, ,,. ,,!,• MilVors from till- a^ fn.iii .i.iv oih.a- ki.i.l ..t -'inil.liiii;, 
 
 .,, ,V„,„l,i,. iH.v.a-. ,l.-,.ail... 1, ,a-an unniix...! .vil. .-^u.vlv i,.. in..,- n,....l h.- -ai.l ... 
 
 :::;,'., i::,;;:;:uv:^- a,,.! -..U.i. ... ahan.l h .u k, an.l ,., l.uy a„.l ..a hy hx,.l 
 
 Mii.iar.l- .jf iH.',i~ur... 
 
 <li 
 
 ,l,., ~h..ul.i 
 
 2. Picking. 
 tul'v j.i.k. .1 hy hail.!, \Mth t 
 
 hi- -ti 111- .n and without 
 
 he -kin ..!■ hnii-iii'- tl..' tmit in any 
 
?,?' 
 
 12 
 
 As a Kcneral ruli^ it is ailvisjiMe fir stiow.ts to Imrvi-Mt ami jwick their own fruit, 
 wiifthor tlii>y cv.Titiiiilly sell it on tlic |iriMiiisrs or ship to forciu'ii markets. Iiieitli.r 
 Oiwe it is a jjreat aii\iiiilai;e to the sellei- to know <x.iitly tile iiiiality aii<i variety of the 
 fruit in e\ery (laekniZe, it i- a still f;reater ailvanteye' to liave eaeli vaiiel v piek<<l at 
 just the proper time, N,. whc, legale huyei' i^alileto liavi' hi^ '-leii arrivt'at eiieii oreiiard 
 just when the apples in it are leady. 'I'iie result is that erv season a i,'reat manv 
 orelmrds throin-houl (''Ma.l.i ,ir<' pieked eithi-r too e.-irly or to late. Fruit piekeii too 
 early may ki>ep hut is apt to lieeome tou;;h and tasteless; if picke<l t<Hi late it » ill 
 not keep, as tin' i>r.K es.. nf deiay lias alrea<lv U'l^un. 
 
 m 
 
 l«i 
 
 a. 'i'lMK H) I'lCK. 
 
 Tindi'r varieties should not 1m- allownl to ripen mi tlie trees or '"••y will not earrv 
 well. Certain others. s,,iM,.tiiues styl,-d -winlei- varieties,' such as the Baldwin and 
 Spv. will uain in eol.ur and flavour if left on the trees as Ion;; as the frost will allow, 
 besides iK'iiii; less liahle to sp,it and mould durini; storai.'e. It will pav the farmer well 
 to pick his iiWM fruit and se.- that (his tlrst -tep in marketing,' entails lio needless waste. 
 
 .Moreover, all varieties of apjiles are ii.ii ready for iiirkini; at the ,s;ime tinu', even if 
 destined fi,i- the same m.irket ; aM<i somi> e.irly varietii's should have more than one 
 pukiiii: t.i i-'et all the fruit at the pi-oper staije of matuiity. Onlv the },'rower is in a 
 position to watch his (uihard and h.irvest the crop to the l)est advantaj,'e, and it is the 
 ifi-ovver who lu,es when he entrusts this task to another, for huyers are certain to .allow 
 for shrinkai;e from this cause, .\nother loss to the irrovver arises from carelessness of 
 liired help, wh.i ,,fti'M seriously injure tiecs hy breakinj; hmhs and fruit spurs. 
 
 h. — Ukmovm, of 'Ditoi's'. 
 
 Hcfiire any fruit is taken from the trees, every ajijili', j^ood, Ixid and iiuiitlerent. 
 should 1»> cleared olVthe L'loundanii cariied away, to he useii tor feedin;,' st(«'k.or for anv 
 ■ )ther purpose fur which they may he tit. hut not for export. Simil.irly, a]i|iles which 
 drop durini; the pi.-kiiiu' process should l>e kept hy themselves. We must i,'ive the fruit 
 a fair chance fi-om the st.irt ; w.irmy, rotten or otherwise diseasnl apples s|iri'ad conia 
 gion. and hruised or defective fiuit will not pay for labour, heavy freight chai'u'es ami 
 commission. 
 
 I. li.MlUms AXn J?.\SKKTS. 
 
 .■^tep ladders may U' u>cd f,.r ucttin.' ;it the lowi^r liinlis, and Ion;; point-top ladders 
 for tlie ujiper brain lies ; the b.iskcts should Ik" small enouf;h to turn easily inside ,i 
 l)arrcl, and s,, shap.'d a^ to allow the apjiles to Im' turned out with a ;;entle. shdin;; 
 nintion. In pichini;. i-aie ^Imuld lie t.iken to avoid break ing oil' the fruit s|iui-:., which 
 contain the piomiM' of icM vcar s crop. 
 
 3. Orading. 
 
 ','n;7;//7 i;/'/v(v,. y„(</.. w hether the crop 1h> li^'lit or heavy. When the woniiv. 
 briii-ed, mi^ ^hapeii and sp.,iti-ii .ipjiles have l)een removed, the followin;; ipialiti.-^ 
 should 1h' apparent in tne hi:.h.i :;r,idi's : — 
 
 ( 1 . ) I iiifnniiit V in so.', 
 
 (l!. I I luloi mil V in culnui , 
 
 (.'!- I riv,-,i.i||i tl I.teet-. 
 
 Tin, annl. ^ uill iisicillv 1... f,.l:lid ,11 lli, ■jeNt f, T .-...rt. and l.'oth ■..■f t!le-,e -hoilhj !.. 
 
 j.ractir.illy tree tr.nii insect or .it|i,T in|uries, the -ecmil Immiii; inferior to the tirst onlv 
 in point ef si/e ,iiid c.il.iiir, .\ll the apple, in one urade cannot hi' tinifurm in si/e, but 
 the apple, in a ^iiiu'le pai'ka^'e should Ih' so, for tlie fruit will l)e viewed and sold bv the 
 
l.t 
 
 
 Tt 
 
 11 liapIH'n tliat :i tllild ;,'tiuii', i\i' 
 
 l,f fll 
 
 'I'l 
 
 :ki't;il)li' t'liiit, wlii.'li tl 
 
 HsIm- lit c'U 
 
 bo f. 
 
 nwt to "■i)i\,sist 
 
 •r t'.M'U 
 
 lit , Wilt this 
 
 .1.. 
 
 ..ikiiii;- ;iiiv siii'cial fratutvs of .■x.'rlli'tic.' aipJ >iii.wiii.,' a yicat.T p.-ivfntii..'i. ut wast.-, 
 ..t't.'ii oats into tlir |ir.it\t cani.Mi by tli.' I'mi.t t'liiil, i»'siil.'s icilucinu' tli>' u"'tioial iv|,iita 
 
 tii.ri I'f the shiplHTs liraiiil. Miii-li lH?tt.T avoi'au'o ivsiills aiv lik.'ly <„ I 'htaiiio.l in 
 
 l.iial maikots m- t'niiii ovapniiituis. 
 
 The iiii'iils .,t' 1 liaiiii'ai uiailrrs |.larril ..u tin- iiiaiUot ticirii I irii.- t., tiiiir. s|i,)iiM 
 
 ;»■ <'an't'iillv iTi\os|i:.Mt,.(l hy all whnM' ~lii|,iiH-iit- ai.' laiu'r. A rrally i.'n..,l ;iii.| lapi'l 
 :.'iaili'r nil! >-lViTt a u'oat saviiiL; in tiiiio and nioMoy, ami |.|o,liic,' a u.iii.loit'ul liitV.'ionrr 
 ill tin- appoaraiR-o of llii' t'niit «lioii im.-Ii si/.' i- |ila.-.'.l in |.a.kai;.-s l.y it-.-lt. 
 
 Til.' i\\x-n w.iiii.Mi wlio ^'la.li' l''i.'ii.li fniit tor maik.-t iH'ifoiiii th.- o|.,'iatioii uitli 
 out iiic.'haiii.'al .'liil. A t'.'W .la'. .' pi a.-tii'.- «itli iii.'asiiriii;,' riio^s is siiili.-i.'iit l.iti'aiii lli.- 
 ,v.' s.i tliat tViiit is a.-iiirat.'lv ;,'ia.l.'.l » itliiii a ,|iiailt'r of an iii.li. Many who ar.' 
 a'ttt'iuptiiii,' t.> irra.li' l.y han.l will tin. I that tli.' ii-.' ..f a |ii.-t'.' of shiii'^il.' ..r .ithor li^ht 
 «.i..,l, ill which ii..l.'s aVc .-iit iii.'asiiiiii',' J J. '^L 'J;, -'l an.l :\}, ini-h.'s r,'~|.i'.tiv.'ly will !»• 
 of 1,'n'at iissistan.-.' in this w.ii'k. Hy t.'siin^ an appl.- n..w an.l a:.'ain th.- pa.k.'i- will 
 s.ioii IxM'oiiie export in liotoiiiiiiiiiii; tli.' si/.- without tlio us.' .if tla- t.-stiii^' Iwapl. 
 
 4— Packing. 
 
 'I'll.' paokiiii; li.iuso n.'.'.l n..t In' an .'Xp.ii-iN.' allair, hut it sli..ul'l !»' a tiizhlly r.i..f.'.l 
 l.iiil.lini:, .o.il an.l slia.l.'.l. 'I'h.' l.air.'ls ..r ..tli.T pa.ka^.-s must U' fr.'sli an.l ol.'aii. 
 -tr.iiii,' an.l w.'li nail. '.I. 
 
 W'h. 11 i>r.ip.'rly st.'ii.-ill.'.l, as r. .|iiir.>.l ly law,* an.l well naili'.l, th.' liarr.'ls sh.ml.l 
 I..' set fiiL'o .l.iwn .III a soli.l t.'ii-iii.'h plank. A pulp ..r pajL-r cirol.' sli.iuM !..■ iiis.-rto.l, 
 oil whi.'h t.i plai'o th.' liisl lay.'i, .••.iisi-tiiii.' ..f appl.'s ..f iiiiif.irni si/,' an.l .•..l.iiir. with 
 -l.'iiis olipiH'.l .-l.is.' t.i avoi.l injury in I'l.- sin:.', an.l with th.- st.'nu'ii.t .l.iwii. Whon 
 i»o layiM-s ar.' i-aivfiilly ]ila.'.'<i iii"ti;.'lii ti'tinu' 'li.l.'s. appl.'S similar t.i th.is.. in th.' 
 ■fa.'o.rsurf.i.'o ' niav !).• |.ouro.l in '.'.'iitly from liask.ts, th.' liaiivl hoiny; t'r.-.iu.'iitly jarr.'.l 
 iM.-anwIiili'. .nitil it' is n.arly full. A h.-avy f.'lt liti.'.l li.-a.l i- .■.uniii.iiily ii-'.l at this 
 -la;;.', oithi'i- wi-a ..|- wi,li..iit a pr.ss, uh.'ii ra.kin^'' ioi r...kiiiL.'l th.' harr.'l. so as to 
 .'.'I all th.' a|.pl.s w.'ll s.-ttl.'il iiiL.i th"ir pla.-.'s. an.l s,.,u|.,. .i \,-\i-\ siirfa..' f.ir • t.iiliiiu.iH 
 This pro.', -s |.,,nsi,ts in arraiiLtiii:,' 'h.' last i.iy.'is hy han.l, -o that tii.' I.'\.l t.ip will pr.i- 
 '■'.■t sli^rhtlv al).i\.' til.' stavos. (tpini.ins ililV.'r as t.i th.' pr..p.'i' hi'liiht <>i this i.r.ijoi'tioii, 
 >ut it sh.iul.l l)o vari.'.l aoc.inlinu' '" tho .'lasti.'ity an.l ti'nil.'rn.'ss ..f th.' varioty in 
 
 ■ iu.'sti.in. Ma'iy shipp.'rs h.il.l that th.' Spy, li.'iii- .-asily hruisi'.l, -ImuM not pr.,i.'i't 
 liioro than half to thr.'.'-.|uart.'rs .if an in.li, if th.' liarr.l is w.'ll 'raok-'il.' I'r.itVssor 
 1.. II. Hail.'V, ..f (.■ornoll I'liivorsity. nuoti's from a ivport to tli,' N.'w York Stat,' Com. 
 inissi.in.'r ot A;;ri.-ultiii.' as follows : + 
 
 •Ap]'l.'s somi'what soft in t.'\tur.', hk.' < Ir.'.'iiiiii;, may h.' pros-. '.I ,lown a full in.'li 
 ill harivliiii.'. hut lianl appl.'s slioiil.l n.it lio -iu."/,'.l -. iiiii.-h. 
 
 <)\.'r |iii'ssiiiv r.'-iilts in hriii-iii^, .l.-.ay, w..t an.l ■ sla.kn.-".' an.l a .ii' ..f two 
 -hilliiiL's or 111..!-.' in th.' si'lliii',' pri.-.'. I'n.l.'r pivssur.' is .'.lually t.i !i.' avoi.l.'.l, hut a 
 :;mIo .'xpi'riiiiontinu'. "ith oar.'fiil oli-.'r\.iti. Ill, will s.ioii i-nalil.' th.' p,i.-ki-r to us.' th,' 
 ■ lopi'i- .t.';:r>',' ,if pr.'ssiiri'. l-'r,',|U,'nt lairiiii; ..f th,' h.-.ir,-! niak,-s ~,.v,'i,' pi-,'ssur,' 
 inii.'o.'ssary. 
 
 Th,' f.-iot sI'.iuM n.'v.'i- 1).' l.ist -i.'hi of th.it all in.'i.l.'iital .■\p..nsos i,o<o,'pt .'.,m 
 Miissi.iii) ar.' as u'lvat f.ir a harrol of poor aiipl.'- .is for a liarivl of 'h.' hi-h.'sl .|ualitv. 
 I'li.fi'ss.ir H,iil,'V v,'rv properly i.'iv,'s th,. toll, ,« in;,' a,i\i.-.'; 
 
 ■Till' i.'r.'.it.-t .-ar,' sh,iiilil !"' tak.'ii in th.' p.i.-kiiiL' of appl.s for I'xpoit. li.'.-aiis,' thi'V 
 
 ■ ii,- siihj.'.'t.'il t.i liiiij; an.l trviiii: transp.irlati.m, th.- fr,'i',;ht an.l in.'i'l.'iit.il r.it.'s ar.' IiIljIi, 
 III, I .inlv tho vorv hi'st fruit will pay tiMii-portation an, I ,itli,'r ,'\p.ii-,'s, i )n,' roii.s,iii 
 
 •. :;v ;;i,- tr,rri;,;n iii.-irKri r.,i-i m-i--:;; ; ;. ■ ■•-■■] •.■•. \,,.- ,■■-,■ -yy. - ,-.»..,.,-. - ;;r.-.,, 
 
 iiiioiint .if p.i.)rlv-.s.)rt<'<l an.l p,..irlv-p.i, k,-,i fiui; has boon o.'^iMiito.l.' ; 
 
 •.>•.. Aiitif-ndix. 'TliH Fniit M.iiks .\,t, I'.HIl.' 
 ■•■ rriiicipli's of Kriiit (irowiiif!,' i'. 11" 
 
 . uf K 
 
 r.iit (iro'Aiiii^, 
 
 |. tlW. 
 
:i ^ : ''^'■'^^'^•^.^(M}'<^hr^^^^ 
 
 14 
 
 5. -The Package. 
 
 a.- Tin: l!\l:i;ll,. 
 
 Till' -^taiiil.inl C.in.iiliMn liarrcl i- iliu- Mi'liinil in the I>(iniinion Siatufr .■ntill'il 
 'St.'i|.lc <'..niiriM,|i!i..,. 1 IMwaril VII. Cliai.. .'<'.. sr,-, I: 
 
 • I. All a|i['li'~ iMik'ii in (.'an.iilii t'cjr cxi'oit t'ni- sale liy tlir liaii^ ! in • ■i.-nl l.aii.U. 
 
 >liall U' ]iarkiii in i;.iiii| ami strung' liai'H'U ut vraMinrd u..i,ii. iiaxiii:.' iIihh n 
 
 sinns I if iinl li--. than the t'ollowitif.', narm-lv; t«i'iitv -i\ iiirli.-- ami c.ni' t.nii I li 
 
 '■•■iwr.'ii til. Ii.ail-, inside iiu'iism-t', anil a lirail ilianiitii "t -■ \inl'''-n lU'li''^. 
 
 aii'l a nii'MI'' liiamrtiT nf fi^litci-n i?irln'- ami '.n.' Iiall'. i.'|r.-iiit iiii; i^ ti.iil\ 
 
 a~ [KP-'-ilili' ninrty ~i\ (|iiaits.' 
 
 Til'- ImiivI lia- lir.-n t'laiml In In' tin' l..-t jiacka;;!- t'l.r tlir all |-<Mimi apiilf tia.l. 
 
 " itli ' •!•' .1' r.ntain. < 'riK t'ancv fruit ran jncilitalily Im' )ait np in ^iiialLr jwickaitr^. 
 
 Till' l>aii.-l -li.i'iM !.■■ u.-ll miilr, -IiiiTiulv riailiil ami -h.uilil lia\i' • iu'lil Ihhi].^, tuiiraili 
 
 at tup ami hiin"iii. \- iiii l'. mr i|iiaiiir lii"'p~ Tin- nlpirit I'l llii^ i^ ti ' i-n^iiri' t lial tin 
 
 packa;.'.' ~liall i;!ii\- n.'lit tor tlir wlmli' ['■iirnr\. Tin' ii-^i' nt ri;.'lit liimp- in>tra(l ui 
 
 si\ priM'iit^ I h" liani'l ::.iin.' ^l.hk in la^i' i>m' nt tin- i|iiaitii' lump-, i^ lacikrii, a.s nnl 
 
 infrciniriil Iv h.i| pni-. 
 
 Tlir li'ailii- .it' til.- Iliiti-li Ii-.i.l.' «\pi.-- a .l.'^il'.' that a luiit.ain liaiii I l..- a.L.pt.il 
 tlifi.U'_'li.iut ('.inula. I'll.- l.iiirl in..-t ...iinmnlv ii~ril in I'nl.ni.. i> laiu.i tl.an tliat 
 i'r.|inr.'.i l.y iaiv. 
 
 /..-Tin: r...\. 
 
 Fi.r fan.-y .ippics imly, ul all the IfaiiiiiL' vai i.'ti.'^. a l.n.x hi.Min:,' al.i.iit f. .itv pmin.N 
 net of fruit is niiicli in .liiuaml l.v the lii;;li.--t rl.ivs i.f tlir ri'tail traili- in (irrat liritam 
 Tlift'f silrli lii.M's I'l.^t all.. lit th.' v,iiiii' as a liairil, Tlir Imxcs slinulil li" Mi.aili' nf .strnli,' 
 niatrrial net less than tivr i-i^'litli^ nf an inrli thirkfnr the ends, ami iint Irss -liantliir.- 
 ci^'litlis of an iiiili f..i til.- si.l, H ; th.- t..pv s|i..ul.| hax.- strips aiTos-. tin- mils to pri'M'iit 
 till- ui-iL'lil nf otliir p.u-ka:.'.-, ]iii.-.l ..ti t..p. fr.nn luarin;; iliirrtiv on tlif fniit. It w 
 al-o ii.^u.il to l.'.iM' ..pi'n ...iii'Ts :it till- l..p aii.l li..tt..in for M-ni ilatii.n. I,il tlr m- ji. ■ 
 pilrkini: mat. rial sliniiM li.' iisi.l. a- |.ur.-lia-.i s likr to linil tlir parkairi' ipiiti' fullot 
 fruit. A -hi'.' ..f rari|li...ir.| at th.' i..p .ami l...tt..iii «ill nialoriallv ri-iliui- thr aim.iin' 
 of injury from l.niiv,'> If -p.'.-iallv mIoiIi'.I fmitv ai-r p.-i.-kod in ^u.-li a li..\ in lavi'i- 
 tlicy will umlouliti'.lly tin. I a r.,i.lv ami imiiM^inu' ^alo . hut ihr riputatmn of tin 
 Canaiiian ho\ .-in.! of th.' < 'aiia.lian Uaiir in ^ji-mr.il "ill irioatlv ~ullir if iiiit'rior ...r 
 eoininon fruit is ixj ..rtni in tli.' hox or .mv fa'i.v pai-kau-e. 
 
 -'I'lli: (.'oMfAHIMlA r ('.KSh;. 
 
 A typ.' of 1...X tllt.'.l with ]M^'.'lio,iiii lllliT-.. siiiiilar lo tho-r usi.i in r-u'ir ra^rs, h.-i- 
 1.. .11 rir. i.tlv ] !■ 1 .1 up. .11 th.' iii.iik.t, ThiN p.'i.'k.iL'i' i- ni..|v I'Xpin-iM- Mian tli.' hox an.l, 
 th.-n-f..!'.'. -hnu', ..■■ u-iil only for ili.- hii'li.'-t .-l.-i^^ ..f f.inry fruit, -u.h a~ will rrp.iv th. 
 .'.i-t. Caiv -ho';!.i ■••■ t.ik.'U tijii th.- fr'ii' .rh.'rii'- t In- .■. .iiipa 1 1 iii.iit - rxai't Iv or i- 
 |ii-o>.-.-Tii| i.y vM'..,ipih_' .11' in ^mn.' .a h.-r -a av fi'oiii lat'liiiL' ahoiit. whi.'li '^vaiulfl I'l-^iil' 
 m i.nii-.-. 
 
 '/. W'rM'iisi.. 
 
 It wili j.,,\ ;.i wrap hii^hiy ,•. .1. -ii r.-.i fani\ ti'iit -urli a~ l-"aiii.ii-.'. .Mrlmi.sh lli"i 
 KiiiL'anii \\'.alih\- Anv fruit wiil..iiM o.it.'i- .m.i ..p.-n fr.-h. r for i..-iiii; "tapp..i 
 l.iit iinl.-- !t 1- .it .1 '..-ly f.imy -ra.i.' ;^ ■.■■ i. j ..' initi:: •■rioiii.'li .-ul.lition.u to r.oi'r th 
 .xtr.a "xp' ii-i'. 
 
15 
 
 <•. — Maukish 
 
 >'.,< 
 
 a. T.. M.|v..fti>r rlcarly ami .liMinrtly thr ,,,uiv.M,f tlio fruit, so that furthiT supplies 
 
 „uiv 1 i\vvr.\ ivadilv aiiil with ccitaitil \ . 
 
 " /,. T.Muaicatr iu'lhr pUiiir.t [ iM- inaiiii.T tn puirlias.TS th.' Nanety and ^;railo 
 
 ,,f th.- fniit Nviucli !-> i.tlfivil. , .• I ■ 11 
 
 It i< tlH'ivt..rr. n'.M,riui.ri„l.',l thai M.-M.iU ..r luhbrr .stumps !>■ um-.I t,,r placiii- all 
 
 inarks Ul-m parka.'.... for .xp,.,!, unl u. 1. n.arks ar. ahvadv prnit-,! n,, .1,,. pa,-ka-,- 
 
 as it com,.sfr.„„tl,.. „M.„.,a.t ,uv. . Ciav.,, .., |.-a.l p.'n.-,| sIpmiM n.-v.-r U- um.I tor 
 
 siHppin- .Mark., a, Mirh Muuk- ar.. in.l,-. an.l liaM. to 1„. rul,l„..| out. Many ^o.h1 
 
 l,„,k'„.' la-.Ln.K a Mtir.-lv -p...l.d I'V a.vkuai.i p.'iiril Miarks, .|..-.I t., in.lM-atf thf 
 
 vuii'tv or tl aiir. Th.'- a.MiIioiial .■.„! ot Miiall M,-nrils for van.ly an.l -ra,!.- IS so 
 
 -mairtlial it .iioul.l not \,<- rounl.-.k «ii.h it i. .■.,„M.|ri..l l,ow niurl v attraL-liv,. ii 
 
 iH'atlv iiiarkiMl p,-icka;,'c is tliaii om- "lii.li ha. I..'.i, r.nvlcssly niarki-.i. 
 
 Tl,.- |-n.it Marks Act, I'.lOl, i.-ipni.^ .v.tv .l....-! pa.kau"' t.. !..• niark.-.l as above. 
 l,ui.l(liti..n, ..u.i.TS w.,ui.l .1.. uvll t.. -IV.. .-a.-l. park.r a lunnU'r, «l.i.l. uill app'ar ou 
 ..\..iv l.a..ka'- put up livliiiu, tlius ..TMn,- loi.l.rilify Ins «,,rk. >.•.- .\pp..ii.ii.\ \. 
 
 f ,- 
 
 6 Handling 
 
 \ppl.-. .|,..ii!.l l.r tak.Ti t.) sb.'lt.-i iMU liat.'lv aft.M- picking,', an.l .li..ul(l in no case 
 
 b,.l.-ft ill li.aps ..11 til.' -r..uii.l, .■xp..--.i t.. .mi ..r rain. I?arrels of fruit should be 
 haiiiu.l oiiiv in spring' \va;;oii. an.l ..n tii.'ir .i.l.'s. 
 
 Karlv"appl.'s,-.p.'fiallv, wlii.-h air lik.-lv t.. b.- pi.k..l in warm w.Mth.^r, must !>.> 
 
 rbill.'.l at"..n.v, an.l, .ki-avi'.l ..r injuiv.l .ampl.-s baMni; 1 n r.'in.ivf.l. ..nly .-■....!, soumi 
 
 j,„it. in 1 pa.-ka-fs, should U- .■>.p..rt.'.i, if ■A""'i r.'turns an- e.xp.'.t.'.l. 
 
 r..'p..rts fr.dii (iivat llritain .Ih.w that .hipm.Mit aft.u- shipm.-nt ..f .-arly apple. 
 
 turns out h.-at.-l, ovcrrii r «.-t . an.l that tho l..«,'st pri.vs aiv r-'alizcl Waus.- 
 
 ... mu.-h of th.' fruit is unlit f..r ,xp..rt. an.l .l.'trimcntal t., thf bottfr truit with whirli 
 
 It is inixo.!. It has manv tiin.'s 1 n as.,'rt.Ml that if .<nly half the ..uantity were care- 
 
 fiillv .select.'.! f..r shipment, ami th.' re .t thrown ..ut, th.' n.'t returns «..uKlU' lari;.'r. 
 ■ A ni.iv.'in.-nt which is .n f....t in vari.ius [.arts of Canada, to f.irm a...>.-iations .,t 
 ttn.wers an.l liav,- st.ira-.' an.l i.a.-kin- liou...'s erected at central p..int., is w..rthy .)t 
 overv enc.ura-.'m.'iit. If -r.jwers will c.i-..p.'rate in this way t.. secure pr..p.'i' treatment 
 of th.'ir .r..)., with uniform -railin- an.i i.aekMi,-, ""d shipment by comp.'t.'iit and 
 in.l.'pendcnt w.)rkni.'n, niu.li will have be.'ii .Luie t.) revoluti.miz.' the Cana.haii export 
 'ra.le, an.i t.. eliminate h.sses, parti.-ularlv in early apples. 
 
 Appl.'s in l>arr.'Is sh.iuld never U' l.'ft alw.ut a railway stati..n or els.'where, unpro- 
 f.vted from th.. rain, barrels whi.-li liav,' In'.'Ii in th.' rain an' alni.ist crtaiii t... go 
 -la.'k b.'f.m' iva.-hin- th.'ir .l.'stinali..n, .'v.'ii if th.' fruit is n..t ..therwi..- mj.ire.l. 
 
 On b,.ar.l ship (..r in shcls) th.'aj.pl.'s slmuLi n..t b' pil.'.l m..r.' than lix.'hi:;h; 
 iii.l in th.' piles the r.iws shoul.l b,- built up s,-|,aiat..ly by .a tt.,rkman staiidinj; 
 .,n th.' •'r.iun.l, instead ..f, as is .s.,nietimes done, bv e,.mi.l.'tiiii.' ..iie entire tier an.l tb.en 
 .vaikiie" ..n an.l r.)llinu' barivis ..ver it t.. buil.l the next lay.'r. In .Iwrt, .-very p,,ssil)Ie 
 .,11.' .houlil be taken with b.irr.'l. .if appl... , they .h.iul.i be ...oiisideie.l fragile 
 paikanes c.intainini; valuable ni.-rclian.ii.... 
 
 ill 
 
 7.— Shipping. 
 
 !(.- ( '..[.II .~ih.K.\..K. 
 
 Kaiiv vaii.-ti.-s sh.iul.l be shipp...! in ....Li .t..ra-e if (.ossihle, car.- l).'ing taken witli 
 • ..1... t'l.m an.l paekinu'. as oiilv th.. lii....t fruit will repay the a.l.liti.'ii.il expense ..f 
 .i .tora.... If pr.ip..rrv iii.ula't...!, airti-ht an.l w.-ll i,.e.l, the car will maintain ..r 
 
 sli.'htlv 1 
 
 ■du... the t.-mpi'iatur.' of lie' tiuit. l>u 
 
 I to till u ear with warm apples is 
 
 ifair alik.. t.) the shipper and the sen 
 
Ifi 
 
 I 
 
 I 
 
 f 1 
 
 i 
 I 
 
 I* . 
 * 
 
 f; 
 i f 
 
 51 
 
 Colli stnnu'O c.ii rill' .'iii'l vt,..Miiri- is iiitirn |i. i t'l |'iiaic|c vafi' .iiiTi.i t:i> for linn cimiI 
 fruit; it will imt v;ur ..\ .iriiir ..r l.iiii>.d tiiiit ti..ni li.i'ay, iinr is it niiiint In ri'rri\c 
 ami rliill Will-Ill I'.ii k.u'.'s rdlril « ii li Miiini tiuil /',. /'i-ii ft .■./,,,„/,/ /., f/,,,,;iiii/i/,/ ,•„,,/ 
 
 li./,,r. it i.- >/,:/,/>.,/. ,,i .^ I Insults , Miiliot l«' .•\|..Ttr.|. iiiid the tan tlial I his i^'ii,,t ,|,>„i' 
 
 lApliiillH iiiiiny tailiii' - alli iliiilc il tn.ol.l st,.ia:.'r, 
 
 Co .i|.i'iiitiiir: « ill Ih' ( lull Illy iisi'tiil Inn-, t..r- ii ,v lil |ii .a i,|,. s|ii|,|„.| s « n I, ,-,.|,| ^|,,i- 
 a^'i' nt ci-iitriil jiiirkiiiL; imiisis. Hlii.-li [anali- iinln niiials i.aiM iinl s,,-iiri' . ami it will 
 iiialili' ill.' iiiL'aiii/i'cl ;iss,.rialii.|i l.i sliip in hii i;.- i|iiaiitil irs, iunl ihus t.. i , s.n ,■ , .,li| 
 stiinii;i- i'.riii|iaitiii<-iils ,,11 tlir stiMiiiri- t'l.i- tViiit ,\,liisi\ ,1 v. t, , li,' iiiiiiiitii imil al wliiit 
 i-M'i- lciii|KTiitiiic may !»■ stipnliitcil. I ii,l,-|,fii,i,iit s|ii|,|„.|s |,aM- !,■ ii,,, |,t wliil iiiT,,iii 
 iiiiNliiti,,!! is ,,tt,r,.,l. ami this is tVi',|ii,'iitly spin-,, m a '"iiiiiiiiliiiciii \> hiili has lircn pre- 
 piiri'il iimi n'i;iilal,',l l.i suit s,,im' ,,lhci (■iiiiiiii,,.|i! v, 'riii, i-\pi'ii,ii,,' ,,t' ,i shippi'i' .,t' 
 a carloail i,f pi-iiis la^t s,.iis,iii, \i|i,, wiis ,,|ll.r-i-,| tlir ili,,i,-,' Ix'twri'ii i,iiliiiai \' si,,i;i^,. aii.i 
 spiicc in ;i liutlir ri«iiipiftiin'iit at L'"i clii;r,cs. is p,.||i,ip, ii,,t cxi-i-pl i,iiiiil. I'.v uiiitiiiL.'. 
 .slliplMTs may liiiikr tlnai- r,,l,i st,,ni;.',- tiinl, wiulh riitiTJii;; to. 
 
 /'. \'K\riHTI,,N. 
 
 .^Iiippcrs sh(,ul,i i'iiili'av,iui-. ritliiT unilivpliiiilly or in fomliiniiti,,ii t,i M-i-iiro 
 aoci,mm,«linion iluiini; ihr winter m,,iitlis in pints ,,t' the sti'iiniiT wliiili iui' tlioimiixhlv 
 wtll MTitilaicd l,y tiiiis. If the fruit is in i;,,,,,! orilcr wlii'ii s|i;p|«.,|, imil hiis plenty of air 
 (iurin;; the voViii;,'. It will iiliii,.st ,-,Tt;iinly conir out in si,i ista.torv romlili,,n. jiiit tlii> 
 pr,,r,-ss ,,t' lipriiiii:.' ill. .111- is siilliiii'iit I,, ,'iiu-f liciitiiij; anii injury to the fruit if tlicrf is 
 not friT riiculiitinn ,.t iiir iih,,ul ih,- )i;iil<i.i;i's. 
 
 ■. — ViMin Hon hi,,m Fitovr. 
 
 Care shoul.l 1«> mIjimi in tlii> ,iis,. ,,t' s|ii|,iiii-nts aftir tin- first of l»rccmli('r to asrrr- 
 tain whiit tin- w,;i!lii,|- i-,,n,lili,,ns ill,' likily fro iM'iliirin^ tlii' journcv to I hi' sciihiiinil, imd 
 wliil., till- fruit is iit tin- port wiiitiiii' lo Ik- l,,ii,ii-i|. If Imril frosts iin- i-xpccl.ii means 
 slioulil In- tiiken t', rou-r the liiirrels with siniw or to lieiit the ,iir if neirssiir-y in onler 
 to pr,itei-t tin- fi-iiit. Very si-i-i,,!!, |,,s,es iiiiiy U- ii\,ii,lei| in lluswuv. A lari;,- iiinn 
 lier of biirii-ls .,f othi-i wis,- niiiiketiihle iipples wi-re si.lil jn Lomloii List .limuiirv for ■?•"), 
 whii-li was less than the cost of the liiirrels alon,-. This fruit, liiul it m,t Ix-en ruim-il 
 hy frost, mijilit ha\e hrouiiht <-ii,'lit oi- t,n s|ii||in;;s ,i harrel. 
 
 8. Storage 
 
 Winter fruit sh,,ii|,| 1„. s,,ftei| hif,,!,. Leiii;,' storeil, in order to a\oi,l piivin^ stora;,'e 
 ehai-L'es ,,n culls, iuid to rediiee the loss tVoin sin-inkau'e in repiiekinir. Storaye iipples must 
 !iot Ih- 1,,os,. \i, th,- hiirrels. hut liiinl pr,s~in;; is iiiineei-ssiirv, iind injures niaiiv apples. 
 
 .\pples luiiy 1,1- kept siifely m iiny liiiildin;: witere th,-v will U,- ,|uite e,,ol ami i-.-ii 
 s'inalily dry . if tin- .iutsi,|,- iiii- i~ di-|„'nde,l ,iii f,pr cold, the openin;:s sh,,ulii hin,- sli,i|.s 
 hy whieh iii,,|,- ,.| i,-ss iiir iiiiiy 1m- admitted, ae, i.rdin.; as the weather is niild or se\eri-. 
 iiml durniL; ,-ol<l shiij.s. means slioiiM h,- tidieii t<.prot<-i-t the fruit nt-iirest sueli opeiiiiii;s. 
 
 rnif.,rm ;,iiiperatiire is dcsiiiilil,-. iuid artiliiiiil e,,ld stoniL'e is in this respeet verv 
 ■ •llii-ient. It ii.is U.-n t'.iuiid tli.-it iippl,-s will ke,p loiiu'est if held elos,- to fii-iviii:.' point. 
 
 ,ind the hist p,-sii;ts iippiiir tn I I.tiiineil from ii st.-iidy temjicratiir,- of .II de;;iees, ai 
 
 whieh [loiiit iiiiirei'il .ipples will not free/e. 
 
 For furthii inf,,rmalioii ii-;.';ii,lin;.' the Uriti-h iind Kur.ipean iiiiiikets t,,r C aiiiidjiin 
 fruit, the n-iider is i,-f,-iiv,| f, the eM,|,-m-,- ,,f .Mr. W. A. .MaeKiiiiion. t'lii,f ,,f th.- Fruit 
 hivisj.in. v'iv.-ii ii.-f,.r.- th,- .•s,-l.-.-l Staialiuur « '..iimntt.-.- c.n .\L;ri.-uIt iir.- iind (' il,,iiiziition. 
 in .May, lit"'!. Th.- Kv i,|.-ii ■.- iii ly I,.- Im,I ti..- r.i, iippli.-atioii t.i the Fiait |)ivisi.,i! 
 (•ttjiwa. 
 
 N" r..~ No pfistiij-'e ih rHiuir.d ,,11 Ictur- .nl Ir.s-id Ui Iht- Fuut Uivisiun un i.tticiiil 1,iimih-s». 
 
m^^iim 
 
 I 
 
 n 
 
 aimm:m>i.\. 
 
 77//; /•/,■' //■ .l/.l/,7>'> .l'7'. / '"/. 
 (1 EnWARii VII, I'liMv _'7 . \-< \M«M Ku :s l'"'-' 'J Ki .^m:' \'ir, Cui'. 1' )• 
 
 Iris M.ij.-sly, l.y .111.1 wil 
 I. 1 lolisi' cit t 'iillllll.iIH < 
 
 I T'rt ../ Ih- .1,7. 
 
 Ill till' ,i.|\ h-.- ciil r,ii>f!i» ,,f th>' S.Mi^iti; anj 
 
 I 111, I, I'll.lrt- ,l-i t'oil'I'lS : 
 
 1. TliiH Ai-t iii;i\ li.-.il.'.l a.s Iff //■"■' .1/'./.- .1', I'.'i'l. Shot -. -it;*. 
 
 2. Tlii^ .\rt -liiil CMiic ir.l.i ci|i.'i;iti"li "II til.- lii-r i|,iy ..t .July, IiiiH'tri'Ii f^.l.HM.■ll..■e• 
 I hnl ,llii| line. 
 
 3. 111 tliH Ai-t, uiilrsH till- c'iPiil.'Xf iitli. I w i-i- :. .|iii:..-. - Itit.riireU- 
 (ii) 'I'lio .•xiiri'ssii.ii "r!.isc<i |.;ii 1, ui ■" lii.-u,-. .1 i.M ..I'n.in. 1 i.t \vliiLli;;"n- 
 
 i|„' coiiti-ntH ciiniliit 1k> M'i'il IT iii~li.-.'.i| ,>li.ii ;ii!i 1 II k i; 1- II..-. .1 : |,ai-k,.<.." 
 
 (//) 'I'lio i'X|iri's^ioii " iVui! " >-li:in ii..! 11.' '■ I '.» '■*iM ti-';i', u..i- . i,uiI..ti i.-s .!i-tiii.-.|. 
 .vhi'tlicr wilil i.|- ru|tn:i!i li. 
 
 4. Hv<'rv i.i'r-.li v^li". '.v lum- It "i- 'ir-.u-^h t!,.' a^.-i;. \ -it i iml ln'i- M:nk-. .)ii 
 
 |..-|-son. piirk-i t'rui! in .i rl.-nl |.a.-k,iL'i-. niii-i;. t'..|- -i!.-. sliiU r.in-,. thi' !'■" '■■'^''"'■ 
 
 ..ii-kiii."- Ill I"' iii'iik.''! ill :i I'l-ii" 'i'"" '"''■ ■*'•''■■ 'i.'iii'"'!- I'.'t"!-.- il i-- tnl-ili 
 
 II-.. ill till' I'l-. 1111--.-^ whiTc It i.-' ]'ai Is'-.i. 
 
 Iill with '111' illilMNnt" In-, CIlli-IMIl !. Ml,.-, , HI. Mil-, I'll! Mllll,llll|. ,-111. 1 I'l.-k-T '. n»m« 
 
 • l.\ Willi I 111' iliiiii. I.t' till- v,-iiii ly III- v:in. il. - ; :i!,.| V;;nfty .-f 
 
 .-, v.i'h ,-i ili-iL'n.iti..n I.t til,, -r.-iil li iM, .v li:.-h -ii.iu i'l'l'i'l" "";'.:''' j-r/Jj,. 
 
 •!..- t'..M..u IP.' ^i\ iii-iiks - t'l .1- I'l-iiil ..t llii- 111 ' -|ii,i;ry, V-. I, -.r \XX; 
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 .1,. 
 
 /.•.y '., 
 
 t,',l ,:i',n,r^ ,,f I ,..,■',,}:■,. 
 
 I 
 
 ■■^i''-- •'< (>iy ■(■;.. -■.! 1',.. 1, I-.. ■ .i|.|.|;.', .,i,;y t.i l,.,\. , ..,• li;in,.U. 
 
 I!,l-'is,!v :,.v..ll u-ltll .I.,-..,' .wi-,. will ,,,,l i„'.,-.„|,|.l,.|,.,| ,■,,..,! |,,, ^,,^,,., ,,, |„, ,,„•,. , 
 !iy .s...-|i,,iis 4 :ii|.| i) . il,.- |,;i.>l,n,_' .if fiuil in ;inv |..i, U ,.,■ i-, ..il,,, . t i., th,. |,r,.. |...„,, 
 S... 11. .11 7. 
 
 ^' '■; '• ''"■ ^■."I'i- • |.!.UM IMii Hl.l.-il!,!.- Iilrllin,'!- ' a,,, ti. I.,- '.iK,!, ;,s 11,, hi, I, I,.. 
 
 t..i-ii,- .-t iiiaiKi!.- «|ii..|i a:,, piair, .n.i ii..t r.-a^liU' iiii,l„.,| ,,i,i ,.,■ ,..,nn,.,|. 
 
 , ■"•■'■''■ ■,'"'"• 1 ■"■ ■\-'<-'<. Iii"-'. ''■ •! ■■>■' -''■' - I .1M,I,1.. I'h,. t-..n..uin- „,,, 
 
 ,11-.. Mr hiM i.y I lie Ir.i.ii- ::.■!., rally i,, ■ii.li.-ai.. llii^ .pi.ilr ..■ ,.| lrii:t ■ ri ■,■,' • I',,,,, 
 
 ' .>!.; •.■•.■.I,' ■ I'l ;mi.. ' 
 
 • N.'ailv rnit.,nii' iv i,,.|„. laLiai i-- ii),-:i;. im- .in .,.■.• . .,' t'l ii H , \. . i t 'la' u', 
 ■M .V 1,.. ti.rly ,'a--,.,i .us ..iv.^'"' / ..■ .'/, ,•,,,,',,. 
 
 ' '■ '-'-' "ii'y -i:.'ii uiiii|.i,., a- |.r..,|.i... ,1,., IV ..!■ ..t:„.iuis,. iiiat..|ia!lv |.'--,.ii • 
 ^■:ii.' "i ti Ml- t,.r , ..i)-'ini|.';..ji. -Ii.,.il.| l„. ,,.,n,.,.,| a- iinii-,-, 
 
 " ^ ' -:■ il ,.- . I,;-,- a|.i.r.viai,l.. u,,o,. i, •,, I „.,.,,,,_,, |. ,,, | j ,a i I i,n larl v. 
 
 , • "''^ I'a.k.-.l. •>li.k-' ar 1... .■..1IM.I.I..I :,, :,,! | a'. .| . I 1 V | .a' k. . 1 ' I ' 
 
 '■"""•'■"' ' ' ; .^ ■.'i-.-ai' 111 |.. iin.iii, 11' .laina^.- .i.M III- han.lan.. ..i !raii-it 
 
 ■^'■'■' '■' ' """"'■'•- ■\1!' !■ la ■ 111. a.. 11... I i !,■ 11,, ,|,.!av 111 , lliv ili_- ,,iit 'II,. i',,,.. 
 
 |.r... 1-1. .11- I ' ! .■ A.'i. 
 
 Ill ■■!'■' ■ II iiii...il.i..ar- ..|, |.a. ka-. -, ||-. .. . ...liii. ■ i,,av L.- lak, n a^aii,-t ti >> ■ 
 
 •'■'"■'■'; ■■^■-'■'■'''""■'' ■ .■•ii"i"i-' .ijaiii-' Ml.. !.ai!v P, wl„,-,. , .-^i.ait!,,. ti.iii i-i..,,. 
 
 ■'^'''■- ' '■ 111 '1 '■..I - i:. ■ ..n , ii,i-..i.,ii, ill,, r.-al ,,-An. a- .mII i,.- la-l li.-M iv-|..ai-,i 
 
 '"" '' a..i--i..i, Mi-a.'! iir, u!„,, al'i.i- n..ti.-.., haiall..^ tnnl i-rt m. ,■ ,ai. ■ 
 
 '!"■ |in'M--.i.- ..I ti... A.', ..Mil 1,.. |.r..,. j..! .,^aiii-i, 
 
 ■^'■■' ' -■ I* ..l.-.|-'i..n 1- hia.l.. t,. ,.|iii\- .1- iii-i . . ii..ii, '!;,■ in.|,.i.a n.ii-i 
 "^"■■li n..'; .. .(•;,., a'ill„a-i'y iiilLt th,. A.'t.'t.. ili- |.a'i ly ..l,...,, ,n^, at t.i.li,,,^ a ,-. ., • ' 
 I lie A. *. 
 
 •i .\ ■»■> K' 'i.iOiiTM iN. 
 
 Ci.tiii'ii-.-nni' )■ .,/■ .1,,., ,, ,< 'id,-' ami I i,i i ,^,, ,,., 
 
 I >1 TAIUSIKM ..r A'.i I' I I I I II. 
 
 < Itt.aw.x, .1 uii.. -'. 1 'II I'J. 
 
rVmf}\:.J>^ 4i 
 
 21 
 
 Till', Mtnr MAItks \( . i;.oi. 
 IV — f,'r/ilaiiiih,ri/ .\otii. 
 II. K'lii nil: (Jkhwiu. 
 If till- 1,'niwiT (""'IN liii fruit •■[! tl.f li'i* ..r iii (.ili'.- ih.' Art .I.m"' ti..i aiiply tn dim 
 .inv jtnrt irciliir. 
 
 if li. Hi'lK lii-- fi nil III iiiicMM'n'H liaiTi'ls or W.i\r><, lln- \' i ii.|hiii-^ only lli^i' 'li'- 
 P ,.f rarli |i;iikii>,'<' sliiill In- im l»'ll.r tliali l!.i- fun' I liriiiii,'li"iii ' li'' |''ii l-.i-'i'- 
 
 If the ;;riivKT i«ic-kH \w^ ii«ii fruit li<' m-ci'pl - lii.' i.-.|«ifi il.ilit v '.f iln- |..ul<iii^', ii^ 
 
 rltlH'll III till- fiillnwill^ |IHIII^IIl|lll. 
 
 /:. I'cill nil I »«>n;, 
 
 Sfctiuii I of till' Act riMiiiin-t tliai tin- (mtsipii wh.. cm ii^ llif fruit wlion it is packfvl 
 :, rlosiil liiirri'N or Ikixuvi inuMt murk |iliiiiily on radi piirka;^!' ; 
 1. Hi-* Miiific mill iiii'lii-^- ; 
 ■J. 'I'm- iianii- of tlir Mirii'tv of llir fri. ' ; 
 
 :i. Til.' uniilf of till- fruit, 'vslii'tliiT it ^.^ ' No. 1,' 'No. 1! ' or ' No. .'!. 
 
 If li.' marks tlic ■.aika;,'i' ' No I ' (or ' X X X ') tin- fruit rnu.sf U' as ilcscriUil in 
 
 . lion ti, |vrartirallv |«'rtVit. < >ii nailiii).; tliis «<'ctiori cari'fully, it will \k- ti'i'ii tliat ilu' 
 
 lir hlioiilil iiiiii to i|i-iarii im-iv injuii'il or ilffcctivf fruit, ami not to ili'liU'riili ly 
 
 \'it\r the till i>rr i rrit of i'lfoiior s|uTiiiii'ns wliirli the law allows. Tliis iimryin is 
 
 ,iiit to iiiaki- till' Work of grailiiin casn r anil niort' rapul than if ulisohiti' |H'rfi<t ion 
 
 V. 11- cxactt'il in tlii' lirst i,'raili', as many of tin- Uvst j;row.rs tliink slioiilil Im' ilonr. 
 
 It nIiouIiI In- iiotoil that tlio (Iclinitioii of No. I friii! ijoi's not vary fnmi yiai to 
 . ir ; no provis ii is inai|i> for lowi'riii,' tln' stainlanl wlnii tlir i|iialily of tlio rro|. is 
 1 r Insurli a 1 asc tlii' only result is tliat a Hiiialli-r |iro|.ortioii of tin- fiiiit i. No. 1 
 Till' Alt maki's no rt'str n :> as to the quality "f fmit whirh is markiil • No ■_' or 
 No. ;t,' but it is stron^lly rii . iicnili'il tliat ' No. "J roiiMst of fruit in i\iry wav us 
 , ..1 as ' No. 1 ' i-xcfpt in tli.' .alti'r of si/i- anil i-oloiir. ' No. H ' will tlnii inrlmli' all 
 i. r sizt-fl or ilrffi'fivi' s|M«'iiiii'ns wliirli aro marki'talilc, lulls lx'iii;i left at lioiiif. 
 Ilv carifullv followinL' tlie uIhivo nn-tlnxl, owners will yiKin e talilisli a lii:,'!! repuia 
 1 !i. pirticulnrly if they (<X|)<)rt very few of tlie ' No. .S ' (jrade. 
 
 l)n tlid ow'ner is liiil the iltlty of seoinff that the face of eaeh |iii(kane fairly 
 : lesiintN the I'ontoiiUt as requireil by sertion 7. Over fining is ail of1ene<' a(;«ill«t the 
 t wliitli is Mio.st severely ijejilt with by the courts 
 
 '•. I'lili THK P.^CKKU. 
 
 Whether he IS puttin;,' up his own fruit or that of anotlier jxTson, the packer is 
 
 rriil bv section I of the Oriier in Council, printeil aVmve, to pack the fruit in 
 
 , .Milaiicc with the law. In other worils, tlie jificker must s<'e that his • No. 1 ' fruit i.s 
 
 ...isi '.Ml per leiit [H'ifect, ami he must see that the top of each i>ackaL'c (mt up by liitn 
 
 • s a fair icprcsciitalion of the contents. If \u- violates the law in nther of these 
 
 .liiulars he is liable to the tine sficcilied in section 5 of the Oiilcr in Council. 
 
 ■; 
 
 '41 
 
 I 
 
 I 31 
 

 l;i'lo« i, :;i\,.ii ;iii ;i|,|,|,. 1,1.111,1 "lii li iri;iy -.tm' :i~ m iii,„I<'I |',,i' iin,-iM iiiiir -li 
 
 Ml,','! lllu; I i,, 
 
 I ,-,|lill','lll,'ll 
 
 I- ..f ii„- riiiii M 
 
 A.r. 'I'l 
 
 I'l" 
 
 !•■ IIPIM] 
 
 ll IHMiU- t, 
 
 ll.'llt ,','ritM]M> ,lll ill. 
 
 '!■ ;i -,a^,,ii V ,,|„i,,li.,n l,\ ,,ii,' lii'.iil i.,iik,'i. 
 
 N... :.li 
 
 ■!\ ,ll|.| -l,l.|,. ulll.-h li;lM' |,, I... , ii ,M.',',| ;i,',|ll,Mlli\, MiaV i „ • ,tlll|vl 
 
 ,!.■ i,,>l 
 
 nil,, tl).' lar-,' ^tiMi.il. Tin- luaml lia- In 
 
 ji.,~-ilil,' aiiiiiuiit ,,t .>ti'iaillliiu'. cui-i-l.ni «iili i,, itVii rU 
 
 In- iiiai U- t'ii 
 ll ir,l\ -i'|i iial,'. ,,i 
 •n riir tij iiiiini,' tli,' li-a-i 
 
 . N 
 
 • \AX ,y 
 
 > 
 
 '/,> 
 
 '•S- 
 
 (i K() HCi K J OH XSTC^X 
 
 Ji R 1 S'I'o L. () N T A IM O. 
 
 1' A f K I-: 
 
 N... 1. 
 
 '/. Si mm \i:'i . 
 
 iwtu'i- \< III, -, r- that In- 
 
 N". 1 iiiiii 
 
 kin, I. all, I llial ,-\i'|A- |,a, La^,> -h,,M- an li 
 
 a- 11,'alU 
 
 -1 tai .■, Iia- 
 
 p,.--il,l,- I .if,., t ,.f' 
 
 an! M'liiiiniiiiai 
 
 I- ,il' ill,- A, I. It ll,' a, I, 
 
 111- iiaiii,' ,ihil a, Mr,--- an,l tl 
 
 'iiil'li,-,! " nil th,' III. .-I 11111.., It 
 
 \ arii'ty. h,. i- iii-i'tiTl 1\- -at,- Ii ,,iii . 
 li.'iM' ll,, t,-ai' lit )n-li,.,| lull >i ll,' III. Ilk, -1- 
 
 ||. nam,. ,it ll 
 
 inu.-r ,,t |iii,-.iail i.,n iiii,|,.r ihi- Ari.aiiij iir,..! 
 
 Ill- "\v 11 tiiul. 
 
 Ill' cark'T "li.i I, til 
 
 t 'irk iiiiii.'i t,',t tViii! • Nil. 1. 
 
 llHI xillii li'lll-rs I, 
 
 haiiduk'titiy fa,',' j.i. k.i-,.- • in up l,y iiiiii. i- ,',|iially li,'y.iii,| any ilaiiL;,')' .,t' |.Mi-,','iit 
 
 T til,' Act 
 1-',,I till- lir'itrrtl.ill ,,t all 
 
 lai'li,'- ,',,iii','i'n 
 
 'll, it i^ a,|\ i-.ilili. tliat 1 1 
 
 ;;n ,' t,i rM'I'V l .a 
 
 k, I' Hi.ik 
 
 iiu' iiiiMi'i Iiiiii. a mar 
 
 k. 1,'lt, 
 
 I ,,i niiiiii,,'! 
 
 l„'i' t,. l« 
 
 ,. ,,Uli|.|- -111, III 
 
 •ai'i'il ,111 ,..1, 
 
 'ka_',. jiut ii|, l.\ Iiiiii. -,, tli.it ill,' rr-].' ,ii-il,ilny t'.H' any gi^'ii i I'ka-,' may ,'il«av- In 
 
 trai'.'il t,i tl 
 
 i|',ij,| T I'l 1-1,11.