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 COMMERCIAL RELATIONS 
 
 OF IHK 
 
 BRITISH NOETH AMEEICAN PE0VINCE8. 
 
 I 
 
 The United States Congress adopted a joint resolution declaring that "it is no 
 longer for the interest of the United States to continue it (the Reciprocity Treaty) 
 in force." The approval of tlio President was given on 18th January, 1865 ; on 
 ih& following 17th ci ly of March, Mr. Adams, the American Minister at London, 
 pave the requisite notice to the British Government for the abrogation of the 
 Treaty ; and it will therefore cease in one year from date of notification. 
 
 This action of Congress and the United States' Government called forth 
 various expressions of opiuion, particularly among those engaged in business affected 
 by the proposed abrogation ; and a call for a Commercial Convention to discuss the 
 subject of reciprocal trade and kindred questions, emanating from the Detroit Board 
 of Trade, was extensively responded to, — the meeting taking place in that city. 
 The Montreal Board of Trade united with the Corn Exchange Association in 
 sendinga delegation. The sittings of the Convention commenced on Tuesday, 
 11th July last, and continued during four days. Among the resolutions adopted 
 there was one which reads tiius ; — 
 
 Resolved.—" That this Convention respectfully request the President of the United 
 States to enter into negotiations with the Government of Great Britain, having in view 
 the execution of a Treaty, tor reciprocal commercial intercourse, between the United 
 States and the several ProviiiccH of British North America; including British Columbia, 
 the Selkirk Settletnent, and Vuniouvt-r'i Island; based on principles which h'iC.U be 
 just and equitable to all piuticH, and with reference to the financial condition of the 
 United States ; and which shall also include the free aavifatiou of the St. Lawrence, 
 and the other rivers of British North America; with such improTementa of the rivers 
 and enlargements of the canals, as shall render them adequate for the requirements of 
 the West, in communicating with the Ocean." 
 
 The gentirmen who attended the Conventionfrom the British North American 
 Provinces deemed it expedient to confine their action to giving information on 
 the sabjacts of Reciprocal Trade and Transit from the West to the seaboard ; and 
 
it is believed that the statements made before the Committees to whom these 
 questions were referred for discussion, tended materially to determine the Con- 
 veation respecting the conclusions arrived at. 
 
 It might have been expected that the information placed on record prior to 
 and at the Convention, would have influenced to some extent the action of the 
 opponcntsof Reciprocity,— as far at least as to prevent misstatements respecting 
 matters of fact. Such has not been uniformly the case. 
 
 The time, however, for discussing the subject has probably passed away ; it is 
 perhaps hardly worth while even to try to correct the misconceptions or misrepresen- 
 tations of those whose rdle is to oppose an enlightened commercial policy. It is 
 not intended, therefore, to make any note here of some remarkable allegations and 
 strictures on the working of the Reciprocity Treaty, which have been published since 
 the adjournment of the Detroit Convention ; but rather to show what the trade of 
 the United States has actually been with the Maritime Provinces,— how much that 
 trade has increased since the Treatycameintooperation,— how very small the trade 
 is, comparatively speaking, which exists between Canada and her sister Colonies,— 
 and to indicate how much more intimate the commercial relations of all the British 
 North American Provinces might easily and profitably become. In short, while 
 fully admitting the importance and necessity of forming commercial alliances with 
 other distant countries, it is believed that the facts hereinafter adduced will lead to 
 the conclusion that the present is a flivorable opportunity for extending our mer- 
 cantile connections with the Colonies that lie between Canada and the ocean. 
 
 ^ With that object in view, the following tables,* carefully prepared from the 
 official records of Nova Scotia, New Brunswick, Prince Edward Island, and New- 
 foundland, are submitted for the consideration of the statesmen, as well as of the 
 merchants of Canada : 
 
 «♦»,», nffi Jn T '-t^'^ ^^^^ "'"" P"^Hcly to thank the Colonial Secretaries, and 
 
 other Officers of the Maritime Provinces, for 30 kindly and promptly responding to his 
 inquiries, especially for furnishing the tables of Colonial Trade here given 
 
it is 
 
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 TRADE OF NOVA SCOTIA WITH THE UNITED STATES— 1864. 
 Imports from United States. 
 
 Goods paying duty $1426 385 
 
 " admitted free under Beciprocity Treaty jigST '\i{ V * 
 
 " " " " " ''and Nova Scotia Tariff '4i;:,"301 
 
 " " " Nova Scotia Tariff, not mentioned.... . 2 876 631 
 
 in the Treaty 63 360 I ' ' 
 
 " not particularized 44(;'799 
 
 Total value of Imports $4,303,016 
 
 Importation of Flour, &c. 
 Dutie.s [25 cts. ^ bri.] 
 
 1851 
 
 1852 
 1853 
 
 Gross. . . 
 Average 
 
 Collected. 
 
 $19,484.62 
 
 14,961.63 
 
 12,220.19 
 
 $46,666.44 
 
 $15,555.00 
 
 Quantity of Flciiir, 
 
 7 7,938 J barrels. 
 59,846i " 
 
 48,880 
 
 186,665 
 62,222 
 
 Imports 
 
 of all kinds 
 
 for the Year. 
 
 ?1,C33,874 
 
 1,739,219 
 
 2,079,647 
 
 $4,852,640 
 
 $1,617,147 
 
 1864 Value $1,653,132 
 
 316,623 
 
 $4,303,016 
 
 Exports to United States. 
 Mackerel 101,9r.8 barrels. 
 
 Coal. 
 
 .244,175 chaldrons. 
 
 Value $895,554 
 
 Firewood and Lath wood 36 C) 7 cord.s 
 
 l^^""""? « 93,700 boxes, 27i406 barrels. 
 
 Vegetables 
 
 (I 
 
 684,242 
 
 102,827 
 
 90,929 
 
 73,724 
 
 Total value of five principal articles under Reciprocity Treaty $1,857 276 
 
 Total value of Exports 2,446 770 
 
 TRADE OF NOVA SCOTIA WITH CANADA— 1864. 
 Imports prom Caxada. 
 
 F' our 40,744 barrels. 
 
 Diy Fish 2,078,;!92 Uis. 
 
 Grain 50,5;!3 Inishtls. 
 
 *'i«»i Oil gallons. 
 
 ilue 
 
 $190,011 
 
 K 
 
 62,214 
 
 (( 
 
 42,025 
 
 (1 
 
 20,727 
 
 Value of principal articles Imported $314 977 
 
 Total Imports $403,956 
 
 Exports to Canada. 
 
 ^"giir 1,600,521 lbs. 
 
 Herring and Alewives ...\ .^l'^','' J"'^p'^; ? 
 
 ( 10,322 barrels. ^ 
 
 Molasses 78,08 7 gallons. 
 
 Fish Oil 34,504 " 
 
 Value $121,883 
 
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 41,016 
 
 
 31,992 
 23,974 
 
 Value of princifial articles Exported $0 18,865 
 
 Total Exports $330,587 
 
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 TRADE OF NEW BRUNSWICK WITH THE UNITED STATES-l«C4. 
 Impouts phom Unitkd States. 
 
 Goods paying duty j 7lfio"si 
 
 " admitted free under the Reciprocity Treaty '.'.'..'.'.* ".'.'.1.607 008 
 
 Total value of Imports $3 323 901 
 
 1851, 
 1852, 
 1853. 
 
 Gross . 
 
 Average . , . , 
 
 1864 Value 
 
 Importation 
 
 No Duty 
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 OF 
 
 FLoun, he. 
 
 Quantity of Flour. 
 117,81 1 barrels. 
 156,3^::) " 
 1 65,44 S " 
 
 
 439,G( 3 " 
 
 146,5StJ " 
 
 222,402 
 
 Imports 
 of ill! kinds 
 for the Year. 
 $1,588,008 
 
 1,888,408 
 2,755,536 
 
 $6,231,952 
 $2,077,317 
 $3,323,961 
 
 Exports to the United States. 
 
 Timber, Lumber and unmanufactured Wood Goods of all Kinds. $539 ''GO 
 
 Coal ' ,-Vr,.,^ 
 
 Fish '^2'^^^ 
 
 ■^ '"" 125 18'' 
 
 Stone, Building and Grindstones 46'999 
 
 Sheep Skins, Calf Skins and Hides 4o'o20 
 
 Vegetables .'....'..' .'.' .' ." 0*630 
 
 Gypsum and Plaster, Calcined and Farmers .'..'. ". ' ". , , ", " ' ' ' ". ' 2 1 378 
 
 Total value of seven principal articles under Reciprocity Treaty 
 
 Total value of Exports 
 
 $934,806 
 
 $1,266,148 
 
 TRADE OF NEW BRUNSWICK WITH CANADA-.1864 
 Imports from Canada. 
 
 f'o"i-... 33 .9 barrels 
 
 Meats, salted, &c ■ 095 lbs. 
 
 Haberdashery 
 
 Hardware 
 
 Pino Timber 
 
 Naval Stores 
 
 Hackmatac Knees 
 
 packages. 
 rels. 
 
 Value 
 
 $147,242 
 
 i' 
 
 25,107 
 
 
 13,565 
 
 
 4,119 
 
 
 3,276 
 
 
 2,884 
 
 Value of principal article^ 
 
 '■t-id $199,050 
 
 Total Imports $245,020 
 
 E.xi'ORTH to Canada. 
 
 Fish, salted, dry and wet. . \ ^^'^^^ T^'*- , l 
 
 t 1,353 barrels. ) 
 
 Fish Oil 10,92,1 gallons. 
 
 Oysters 4^797 packages. 
 
 Furs 9 « 
 
 Timber, Lumber and unmanufactured Wood Goods .... 
 
 Value of principal articles Exported , , . $.^5 995 
 
 Total Exports $60,044 
 
 Value 
 
 $37,645 
 
 «( 
 
 7,724 
 
 <i 
 
 5,493 
 
 (( 
 
 3,134 
 
 (1 
 
 2,100 
 
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 _ , Imports from tub United Statks. 
 
 Goods paying duty £40081 
 
 " admitted Iree ucder Recipr.-city Treaty ................. 43*580 
 
 Total, (Sterling) £83,661 
 
 1851. 
 1852. 
 1853. 
 
 Importation of Flcr, &c. 
 Duties [5s. ^ brl.J Quantity of Flour. 
 JE137 10 550 barrels. 
 
 312 10 1,250 " 
 
 55 220 " 
 
 Value of Imports. 
 £ 617 7 
 1,383 2 6 
 25-? 18 
 
 GrouB . 
 
 £505 
 
 Average 
 
 £168 6 8 
 
 3,020 
 673 
 
 £2,253 7 
 £751 2 6 
 
 1864. 
 
 No duty. 
 
 38.566 
 
 £38,:^02 4 6 
 
 Exports to United States. 
 
 Butter 1 323 j^s 
 
 Barley and Oats .",■.■.■; rss'oso bushels. 
 
 ^"^'8 24,000 feet. 
 
 ^>fS^ 981 packages. 
 
 ^'l^ ■•■ 7,814 bbls. 8,7G9 qtls. 
 
 9,^t°iea 20 bblrf. 
 
 ;;^8f«i' Sl.bls. 
 
 ^""' • . . . . 25 c.ircases. 
 
 Poultry '^nackages. 
 
 Potatoes and Turnips i; ,. '2 bushels. 
 
 Sheep 
 
 Sheepskins 
 
 Sleepers, Railway 
 Wool '. 
 
 IVTificellaneous . . . 
 
 .05 
 
 117 packages. 
 500 
 85 packages. 
 
 £ 49 
 
 56,754 
 
 120 
 
 1,487 
 
 10,075 
 
 22 
 
 12 
 
 72 
 
 48 
 
 6,188 
 
 107 
 
 1,287 
 
 50 
 
 758 
 
 407 
 
 12 
 6 
 
 
 17 
 
 
 10 
 
 
 18 
 6 
 
 16 
 
 10 
 
 
 
 11 
 
 19 
 
 Total, (.sterling) . 
 
 TRADE OP PRINCK EDWARD ISLAND WITH CANADA-18G4. 
 Imports from Canada, Including Maod lkn Islands* 
 Ale and Porter 2,510 galls. 
 
 •Anchors and Chains 
 
 Broad 
 
 Butter 
 
 Cigars 
 
 •Deals 
 
 Flour '.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'. 
 
 *f''«'i 108 qtis. and 219 bbl... 
 
 *Lim.'stonc 475 tons. 
 
 *<'il, Fish 
 
 T.a 
 
 Toliacco 
 
 Wood, Oak and Tamaiac 
 
 Miscellaneous , 
 
 2 
 50 bags 
 200 Ib.s'. 
 
 7 packages. 
 112 M 
 2,848 bbls 
 
 980 galls. 
 
 46 lbs. 
 100 lbs. 
 
 13 tons. 
 
 Total, (Sterling) £4 
 
 Exports to Canada, Including Magdalen Islands.* 
 
 •Barley and Oats 374 bu.shels 
 
 •Dry Goods 8 packages. 
 
 :^l""r 6bl,ls. 
 
 [ly^tcTs ] ^^00 bushels. 
 
 Potatoes 800 a 
 
 ;J'" ." 1 hhd. 
 
 -V'^ • • • 7 chests. 
 
 Mi.scellanoous 
 
 3 
 
 IJ 
 
 
 
 6 
 
 4 
 4 
 8 
 
 
 
 8 
 8 
 
 .£7 '.,44'' 9 4 
 
 £251 
 
 
 
 
 
 33 
 
 6 
 
 8 
 
 45 
 
 
 
 
 
 10 
 
 13 
 
 4 
 
 4 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 250 
 
 
 
 
 
 3,417 
 
 12 
 
 
 
 243 
 
 6 
 
 
 
 135 
 
 12 
 
 
 
 108 
 
 6 
 
 8 
 
 2 
 
 13 
 
 8 
 
 6 
 
 5 
 
 
 
 12 
 
 11 
 
 
 
 71 
 
 
 
 
 
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 17 
 
 12 
 
 
 
 7 
 
 4 
 
 
 
 362 
 
 10 
 
 
 
 40 
 
 
 
 
 
 8 
 
 9 
 
 
 
 69 
 
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 52 
 
 
 
 
 
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 TRADE OF NEWFOUNDLAND WITH THE UNITED STATES— 1864. 
 
 Imports puom United States. 
 Goods paying duty S265 699 
 
 " admitted free under Reciprocity Treatv $1141098 1 ' 
 
 ','. '; " " and Newiid Tariff. ' i,^ ,,,„,.,, 
 
 not mentioned in Treaty 997 f 1)150,536 
 
 not particularized [[[[ 7 352 1 
 
 Total value of Imports $1,416,235 
 
 Importation op Flour, Ac. 
 
 
 (I 
 
 1851, 
 1852, 
 1853, 
 
 Duty [34 8-13 ets. per brl.] 
 Collected. 
 
 $32,704.96 
 28,706.88 
 26,453.42 
 
 Quantity 
 of Flour. 
 
 94,481 barrels 
 
 82,931 " 
 
 76,421 " 
 
 1864, 
 
 Gross $87,865.26 
 
 Average $29,288.42 
 
 Value $715,061 
 
 253,8;i.5 
 84,611 
 
 172,146 
 
 Exports to Unitkd States. 
 
 Dry Codfish 7,008 quintals. 
 
 "7'''">i« 16,884 barrels. 
 
 J;'^J'»"n 1,213 tierces. 
 
 l^""""* 721 barrels. 
 
 ^ <^f ' «' ' 1 3 6 1 11 ii 8 . 
 
 Other Oils 
 
 Hides 
 
 Value of principal articles 
 
 Total E.\ports. 
 
 
 Imports 
 of all kinds 
 for the year. 
 
 
 $925,933 
 711,078 
 835,784 
 
 
 $2,472,795 
 
 
 $824,265 
 
 
 $1,416,235 
 
 Value 
 
 (1 
 
 $32,621 
 77,926 
 
 II 
 
 19,892 
 
 (1 
 
 6,627 
 
 II 
 
 31,324 
 
 II 
 
 624 
 
 II 
 
 1,893 
 
 $170,907 
 $192,803 
 
 TRADE OF NEWFOUNDLAND WITH CANADA— 1864. 
 
 Imports from Canada. 
 
 ^'*^"'" 25,835 barrels. Value $107,312 
 
 Oatmeal 724 " " 3 341 
 
 I'^'i« 2,536 " «< 8882 
 
 f'^'l^ 1,293 '< « 20,884 
 
 Butter 2,466 " " no 988 
 
 Tobacco, raanufiicturcd 32,673 
 
 11,898 
 
 Value of [iriiuipal articles $186, 
 
 75 
 
 Exports to Canada. 
 
 Piitd Codfish r>0 (|)iintal8. 
 
 H<'"'iiiKH 565 barrels. 
 
 f^iil'""" 101 tierces. 
 
 Cod Oil, reflued and enminon. 1,4"'; Kallous. 
 Seal Oil 2,4.3(1 
 
 Molasses 35,5,^5 " 
 
 Uurefiued Sagar 4,573 cwt 
 
 
 
 Value 
 
 $ 185 
 
 (1 
 
 1,957 
 
 u 
 (1 
 
 M 
 M 
 
 1,638 
 
 2,437 
 
 2,086 
 
 12,309 
 
 M 
 
 31,657 
 
 Value of principal articloa $52,269 
 
 Total Exports $58,713 
 
12 
 
 To facilitate reference to these tables, the main points deducible from thera 
 for present purposes are indicated in the following synopsis. 
 
 GENERAL IMPORT TRADE OF THE MARITIME PROVINCES. 
 
 The values of the Import Trade of the ]Maritime Provinces from the United 
 States, Canada, and Great Britain in the year 1864, appeor to have been as follows : — 
 
 Nova Scotia Free Goods . , , . 
 
 Dutiable Goods. 
 
 New Brunswick Free Goods .... 
 
 Dutiable Goods. 
 
 Prince Edui'd Inland. . Free Goods. . . . 
 Dutiable Goods. 
 
 Newfoundland Free Goods .... 
 
 Dutiable Goods. 
 
 Totals 
 
 Total Imports Total Imports Total Import* 
 
 from Ut-ited from Cannda from Groat 
 
 States in 18')4. in WA. Brit'n in 18ti4. 
 
 ; |)2,876,G3I 
 1,426,385 
 
 I $1,007,008 
 i 1,710,953 
 
 $212,235 
 195,194 
 
 $4,303,016 $403,956 , $5,407,843 
 
 $1,150,536 
 205,099 
 
 $3,323,961 
 
 $407,429 
 
 $245,020 
 $ 22,360 
 
 $1,410,235 I $208,846 
 
 3,598,125 
 
 750,725 
 
 2,101,421 
 
 $9,450,641 ' $880,182 ,$11,858,114 
 
 The ajjTiiregate value of the import trade of the Maritime Provinces in *he 
 year 18G4 was $'J.S,. '•12,2110 ; of which 313^ {wr cent, was from the TJiiited States, 
 about 3^ per cent, from Canada, and 42 \Miv cent, from Great Britain, — Uio 
 remainder being from otlier countries. 
 
 FLOUR IMPORTED DY THE MARITIME I'KOVINUES. 
 
 The following Htiitemcnt shows the (juantities of Flour imported IVoin the 
 United Stiitcs in 1S51, '52, and "S.'}, — also from the United States and Canada in 
 1864:— 
 
 Nova Seotid 
 
 New Brunswick 
 
 Prime Edward lularul. 
 Newfoumllaud 
 
 Totals 
 
 From Unitod 
 
 Statoi* ill 1S.",1, 
 
 IKf.J and lKr>:i. 
 
 Flour, brl.«. 
 
 180,005 
 
 439,(i08 
 
 2,020 
 
 253,833 
 
 882,120 
 
 Fniiii 
 
 I uiK'd srtiites 
 
 in lsi;i. 
 
 Fioiir, bilf. 
 
 From Cnnada 
 in 1H()4. 
 
 Flour, brl.". 
 
 3 Hi, 023 
 
 222,402 
 
 3.^,500 
 
 172,115 
 
 40,744 
 
 ,'i3,sn;i 
 
 2,H48 
 
 25,835 
 
 749, 736 
 
 103,326 
 
 The (piantity of Flour imported from the United States l)y Nova Scotia in 
 1851, '52, and "5:1 averaged <12,222 barrels |>«;r anntim ; imported in 18114. Ul 6,(52:$ 
 barrels,— showing an increase in the latter year ol" Idif per cent. The iivonige 
 annu.i iinporf oi Fi.iur iiy New iii-unswiek In ISf)!. '.'i2, and 'f>l> wa.x 146. 5:16 
 
 ■'\ 
 
13 
 
 barrels; the increase in 1864 was 52 per cent. The average annual import of 
 Flour by Prince Edward Island in 1851. '52, and '53 was 673 barrels ; the increase 
 in 1864 was 5,630 per cent. The average annual import of Flour by Newfound 
 land in 1851, '52, and '53 was 84,611 barrels ; the increase in 1864 was 103i per 
 
 In order to show how very greatly the import trade of the Maritime Provin-es 
 haa increased within the past fifteen years, and at the same time to sug..est how 
 important it is that Canada should endeavor to participate in it to a much greater 
 extent than she has hitherto done,^special attention is requested to another int«r- 
 esting feature. 
 
 The tables show the total value of the good,^ imported from the United States 
 into each of the Maiitime Provinces during the three years prior to the date of the 
 Reciprocity Treaty. A comparison of the figures shows that the excels of impor- 
 tations by Nova Scotia from the United States in 1864 over the importations 
 from that country in 1851 was 316 per cenL ; the excess over 1852 was 148 per 
 cent. ; and the excess over 1853 was 107 per cent. ; in fact the imports from the 
 United States m 1864 nearly equalled the entire importations from that country 
 in the three years referred to. The importations by New Brunswick from the 
 United States in 1864 exceeded those from that country in 1851 by 109A percent • 
 the excess over 1852 was 76 per cent. ; and the excess over 1853 was 20§ per cent ' 
 or taking the average annual import of 1851, '52, and '53, the excess in 1864 was 
 60 per cent. The importations by Prince Edward Island from the United States 
 m 1864 exceeded tho-^e from that country in 1851 by 000 percent.; the excess 
 over 1852 wius 000 per cent., and the excess over 1853 was 000 per cent., or, 
 
 The importations by Newfoundland from the 
 United States in 1864 exceeded those from that country ia 1851 by 52 per 
 cent. ; the excess over 1852 was 99 per cent. ; and the excess over 1853 was 69i 
 per cent., or, taking the average annual import of 1861, '52, and '53, the excesa in 
 1864 was 72 per cent. 
 
 If any statement were needed to show that the Reciprocity Treaty had 
 contributed to increase the trade of the Maritime Provinces, the foregoing para- 
 graph would certainly satisfy the most incredulous. It leads, however, to the 
 equally clear conclusion, that the very striking augmentations must have been 
 exceedingly favorable to the United States; for the merchants and shippers of 
 ♦hat country would never have so largely increased the volume of that trade, nor 
 persisted in trafficking so extensively with the British North American Provinces 
 if the trade had it not been a luorutivc one. ' 
 
14 
 
 GENERAL EXPORT TRADE OF THE MARITIME PROVINCES. 
 
 The values of goods exported from the Maritime Provinces to the United 
 States and Canada in 1864, are shown to have been : — 
 
 Principal ' \\ hole 
 
 Free Goods Exports to 
 
 to United i United 
 
 States in States in 
 
 18(54. ' 1804. 
 
 Nova Scotia Values of Exports. $1,857,270 $2,446,770 
 
 New Brunswick Values of Exports. - 934,8iiG i 1,266,148 
 
 Prince Edward Island. . Values of Exports. 
 Newfoundland Values of Exports. 
 
 375,163 
 170,907 
 
 377,145 
 192,803 
 
 Whole 
 Whole I Exports to 
 Exports to GreatBritain 
 Canada in i in 18G4. 
 
 18134. ' 
 
 $330,587 j $330,523 
 
 60,044 ' 2,733,733 
 
 2,860 I 180,643 
 
 58,713 1,306,722 
 
 Total $3,338,152 $4,282,866 $452,204 $4,550,631 
 
 The aggregates value of the export trade of the Maritime Provinces in the 
 year 18t)4 w:is $18,509,408, of which 23 per cent, was to the United States, 2| 
 percent, to (Janada, and 34 3-5 per cent, to (ii.'it Britain,— the remainder to 
 other countries. 
 
 VOLUME OF TRADE OF THE MARITIME PROVINCES. 
 
 The aggregate of the import and export trade of the Maritime Provinces for 
 five years (186" to 1864 inclusive) is shown in the following statement:— 
 
 I Value in 18fi4. ' Value in 180.3. I Value in 1802. ■ Value in 1861. 
 
 Nova Scotia 1 $19,777,468 
 
 New Biunswick. 14,357,431 
 
 Prince Ed. Inland. 
 Newfoundland . . . 
 
 2,632,703 
 10,054,116 
 
 Totals i $46,821,718 
 
 $16,747,879 i $14,092,003 $13,387,561 
 12, '>'..>,243 I 10,05(1,239 : 10,489,078 
 
 2,119,138 
 
 l(),(li;4.422 
 
 i,T(;i,9i7 
 
 10,(J56,014 
 
 1,816,754 
 10,303,421 
 
 Value in 18(50. 
 
 $15,131,083 
 
 11,342,936 
 
 2,101,347 
 
 11,657,723 
 
 $42,400,682 I $35,966,173 , $36,056,814 | $40,233,089 
 
 The proportions of the whole trade of 1864 between the Maritime Provinces 
 
 and the countries witii wliich they traded, were as follows :— 
 
 With Gn lit Hritaiu 35 per cent. 
 
 " lluitid States '-JOJ " 
 
 " West India Islands 24* " 
 
 " Canada atrilleunder 3 " 
 
 " Franee, Spain, Portugal, Ac 8i " 
 
 Total 100 
 
 These figures show how very great the trade of the Maritime Provinces is, that 
 its value has been largely inertiased within the past five year«, and that a quite insig- 
 nificant amount of it has hitherto been with this Province. It does not admit of a 
 rcnsonnble donbt that the commercial relations oi" Canada with her sister Colonies 
 might be largely increased ; and it is hoped the statements made in the preceding 
 pages will onuble the mercintile commuiiity to estimate how mneh more of the 
 tr.'ide ol'tlie Maritinn' I r.ivinces might be eumpeted for. 
 
 I 
 
15 
 
 TRANSIT BETWEEN CANADA AND TUE MARITIME PROVINCES. 
 
 It is no part of the writer's present purpose to discuss the question of transit 
 between Canada and the other British North American Province.! ; but the following 
 extract from the Trade and Navigation Returns of Now Brunswick for 1863, is sub- 
 mitted. The Controller of Customs of that Province said : — " If New Brunswick 
 " was connected with Montreal and Quebec by direct railway con. munication through 
 " British territory, our importations from the States would decrease immediately, 
 " as much of our flour and other supplies would come direct fr< ni Canada; and in 
 " the event of the Reciprocity Treaty, and the bonding system of the United States, 
 "which allows British goods to pass through their teritory free of duty under 
 " bond to Canada, being abolished, Saint John would probably become the Atlantic 
 " shipping port of Canada for the winter months." 
 
 The establishment of an Inter-Colonial Line of Propellors was suggested in 
 the recent Annual Report of the Committee of Management of the Montreal Corn 
 P^xchange Association as eminently deserving the attention of the mercantile com- 
 munity. 
 
 The increase of Banking facilities between the different Provinces is csseutial. 
 Branches or Agencies of Canadian Banks would be required. 
 
 The opinion also prevails, that the organization of an efficient Inter-Colonial 
 Board of Trade, and frequent intercourse among the people of the different Provinces 
 would be advantageous. 
 
 But those are questions of dct.iil to be discussed by the merchants themselves; 
 meantime the object of the compiler of thih report will be achieved if the Hiatters 
 of fact contained in it shall receive any share of public attention. 
 
I 
 
 i 
 
EXTEIST, EE80URCES, AM) PlIOliKESS 
 
 OF- 
 
 CANADA. 
 
 AREA OF BRITISH NORTH AMERICA. 
 
 The possessions of Great Britaiu in North America have been stated (on the 
 authority oC Allison the historian) to contain 4,109,630 square geographical miles 
 of land, or 2,o3(),163,200 acres, (equal to about one-ninth part of the entire land- 
 surface of the globe) ; the water-surface being about 1,3-40,000 square geographical 
 miles. Much less of British North America is doomed to " everlasting sterility" 
 than has been sometimes alleged. There is now sufficient ground for the belicl 
 that as the land is cleared, the rigors ol' climate abate ; and there is no satisfactory 
 reason for doubting that changes may be experienced, in at least a large portion 
 of the country to which reference is here made, similar to those which are recorded 
 as having taken place on the banks of the llhine. 
 
 The ])ortions of British North America occupied by colonies, as stiti'd in the 
 British Board of Trade returns, are . — 
 
 Sci. Mik>.«. 
 
 Canada 331,280 
 
 Nova Scotia 18,()70 
 
 New Bninswick 27,037 
 
 Piinc;? Edward Island 2,173 
 
 Sq. xMilos. 
 
 Newfoundland 40,200 
 
 British Columbia 200,000 
 
 Vancouver's Island 13,000 
 
 It is now and then ashorted, that the portion of country designated " Canada," 
 is within the limits of perpetual snow, and scarcely habitable but by wolves and 
 bears. It is not worth while trying to rebut such pleasantries. For the informa- 
 tion of the candid inquirer, however, it is prv)j)osed to adduce some facts respecting 
 the development of the renources of this Province collected from the Census reports 
 of 1851 and 18G1, — to which attention is reciuested. 
 
 EXTENT AND POPULATION OF CANADA. 
 
 K.ifcnt. —The Mctu.il area of (!anada is now understood to be more nearly 
 400,000 s(juarr miles, than the tigurcs given in the jirecoding tabular stalemeut 
 (3d 1,28*) S(|Uf./e miioB.) According to a statement emanating from the Provincial 
 
I I 
 
 Goverament, there; had been 39,331,791 acres disposed of up to the close of the 
 
 year 1863,— the (luantity of hind still remaining under .the control of the Crown 
 
 being 214,282,81 7 acres. 
 
 Population.— The subjoined figures show how rapidly the population of 
 
 Canada has increased during the past twenty-five years : — 
 
 Population 
 of Canada. 
 
 1841 1,155,789 
 
 1851 1,842,265 increase 59 J per cent. 
 
 1861 '.V 2,507,657 " 36 " 
 
 1865,' '.'.'..'. (estimated), 2,881,900 » 15 " in four years. 
 
 According t.. ;.he census reports of the United States, the aggregate population 
 
 of that country was : — 
 
 Population of 
 United States. 
 
 1840 17,067,453 
 
 ,Qr,i, 23,191,876 increase 35| per cent. 
 
 1860 '.".'.'..'.'".*.!! !.".*.!! 31,443,321 « 35 9-16 per cent. 
 
 The following figures from census reports show the progress of population in 
 New York, Boston, and Montreal :— 
 
 YEARS. 
 
 1790. 
 1810. 
 1820. 
 1830. 
 1840 , 
 1850. 
 1860, 
 
 New Yoek. 
 
 33,131 
 96,373 
 
 Boston. 
 
 202,548 
 312,710 
 517,000 
 
 814,277 
 
 18,038 
 3?,250 
 43,298 
 61,391 
 93,000 
 135,000 
 177,902 
 
 YEARS. 
 
 1800. 
 1816. 
 1825. 
 1831. 
 1841 . 
 1861. 
 1861, 
 
 MONTBKAL. 
 
 9,0CD 
 16,000 
 22,000 
 27,297 
 
 57,715 
 101,6;i2 
 
 The increase oi' population in Now York City from 1850 to IBCO was 57^ per 
 cent.; tlio increase in Boston during same period was 31:| per cent.; and tin' 
 iucreas'A.m Montreal from 1S31 to 1861 was 76 per cent. 
 
 AGRICULTURAL RESOURCES OF CANADA. 
 Frodnctive and ^\"dd Lands.— The following statement will enable tli- 
 reader to appreci.itc the agricultural progress of this Province,— showing as it does 
 a large ratio of increase in ton years : — 
 
 Auros in 1851. 
 
 Whole quantity of Land hold 17,939,323 
 
 Of whicl) tlii'i-e were : 
 
 Wild and Wood Lands 10,631,373 
 
 Under Cultivation 7,307,950 
 
 The Cultivated JiUiid.s were: 
 
 Under Croi.n l,355,2f;9 
 
 2,864,043 
 
 ". ', 88,038 
 
 Aeres in IRfil. 
 
 23,730,325 increase 32i per eent. 
 
 12,874,471 i-ierease 21 per cent. 
 10,865,854 " 48i " 
 
 Under Pasturi 
 Uuideua 
 
 7,030,035 
 
 .3,703,533 
 
 122,286 
 
 6U percent. 
 33"l-6 " 
 31 " 
 
If the quantity of laud held in 1861 be correctly given as 23,730,325 acres, 
 the statement made on the authority of an official document that 39,;{31,791 
 acres had been disposed of in 1863, shows an immense diflference in two years, 
 viz., an increase of 65f per cent. In the foregoing tabic only agricultural lands 
 are included, — while the figures for 1863 may include railway lands and other 
 descriptions of real estate. 
 
 Cash Values of Fanm, (&c. — The following cash values are from the census 
 report of 1861 : — 
 
 Cash value of Farms in Canada $466,675,384 
 
 Cash value of Farming Implements 18,637,549 
 
 Cash value of Garden Produce 2,183,804 
 
 Cash value of all Live Stock 79,009,284 
 
 INCKEASE OF LIVE STOCK. 
 
 Upper Canada,. — The subjoined table shows the quantities of live Stock, in 
 the years 1851 and 1861, — with the rate of increase or decrease :— r- 
 
 Bulls, Oxen and Steers. 
 
 Milch Cows, 
 
 Calves and Heifers . . . . 
 
 Horses 
 
 Sheep 
 
 Pigs 
 
 No. IN 1851. 
 
 192,140 
 297,070 
 255,249 
 201,670 
 1,050,168 
 571,496 
 
 No. IN 1861. 
 
 99,605 
 451,640 
 464,083 
 377,681 
 1,170,225 
 776,001 
 
 
 
 dec. 
 
 48 per cent, 
 
 inc. 
 
 52 " 
 
 11 
 
 81 «« 
 
 (I 
 
 871 " 
 
 i '< 
 
 11 2-5 « 
 
 i( 
 
 35 4-5 " 
 
 Lower Canada. — The quantities of live Stock had increased in tet' years as 
 follows : — 
 
 
 No. 
 
 IN 1851. 
 
 No. 
 
 IN 1861. 
 
 
 
 
 Hulls, OxL-uand Steers. 
 Milch Cows 
 
 112,128 
 295,552 
 183,972 
 184,620 
 647,405 
 257,794 
 
 
 200,991 
 328.370 
 287,611 
 248,515 
 682,829 
 286,440 
 
 inc. 
 
 791 
 
 lU 
 56i 
 345 
 
 5i 
 11 
 
 percent 
 
 Calves and Heifi-rs .... 
 Horses 
 
 
 Sheep 
 
 Pigs 
 
 
Entirt Pioiino ,,/ (Jaiiit(Ja.—The figures in the tbllowiutr twhle iudicaty the 
 (lu.intities of live Stock in the entire Province in the jeai^ 1S51 .uid 18<jl,— the 
 ratios of increase or decrease being shown : — 
 
 
 No 
 
 . IN 1851. 
 
 304,268 
 592,622 
 439,221 
 3K6,290 
 1,697,633 
 829,29» 
 
 No 
 
 . IN ISCl. 
 
 ,Dec. 
 Inc. 
 
 i " 
 
 
 Bulls, Oxen and Steers . 
 Milf'h CowP 
 
 
 300,506 
 780,010 
 751,694 
 626,196 
 1,853,054 
 1,062,441 
 
 1 1-5 /cr cent 
 31? * " 
 
 Cdlves and Heifers 
 
 Horses 
 
 71 " 
 62 " 
 
 Sheep 
 
 9 1-6 " 
 
 Pigs 
 
 28i 
 
 INCREASE OF AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTS, 
 
 .te 
 
 L/pper Caitadu.—The quantity of agricultural and other products in the 
 years 1851 ai.d 18G1, with the ratios of increase or decrease, are shown in the 
 following table : — 
 
 Wheat, bushels 
 
 Corn, " 
 
 Peas, " 
 
 Beans, " 
 
 Barley, " ., 
 
 Eve, " 
 
 Oats, " 
 
 Buckwh "at, bushels. . , 
 Grass Seeds, " 
 Potatoes, " 
 
 Turnips, " 
 
 Carrots, " 
 
 Mangel Wurael, bus. . 
 
 Hay, tons 
 
 Flax or Heinii, lbs... 
 
 Tobacco, " ... 
 
 Hoi.s, " ... 
 
 Wool, 
 
 Butter, 
 
 Cheese, 
 
 Maple Sugar, 
 
 Cider, gallons. . 
 
 Beef, barrels . . 
 
 Pork, " ... 
 
 Fish cured, brl^ 
 
 1851. 
 
 12,682,550 
 
 l,6Hf^,805 
 
 3,127,681 
 
 18,309 
 
 625,452 
 
 318,429 
 
 11,391,867 
 
 579,935 
 
 39,029 
 
 4,982.186 
 
 3,110,318 
 
 174,686 
 
 54,206 
 
 693,727 
 
 59.680 
 
 777,426 
 
 113,527 
 
 2,619,434 
 
 16,064,532 
 
 2,292,600 
 
 3,6C9.874 
 
 742^840 
 
 11.3,445 
 
 317,010 
 
 11,886 
 
 ISOl. 
 
 24,020,425 
 
 2,256,290 
 
 9,601,396 
 
 49,143 
 
 2,821,962 
 
 973,181 
 
 21,220,874 
 
 1,248,637 
 
 61,818 
 
 15,325,920 
 
 18,206,959 
 
 1,905,598 
 
 546,971 
 
 861,844 
 
 1,225,934 
 
 Inc 
 
 K 
 
 1( 
 II 
 1< 
 II 
 II 
 II 
 II 
 II 
 II 
 II 
 (I 
 
 11 
 II 
 (I 
 
 . 92 i per cent. 
 33? 
 
 207 
 168J 
 351 1-5 
 
 205i 
 
 86i 
 112J 
 
 58 i 
 207J 
 485 :\ 
 990 4-5 
 901 
 
 1,954 
 
 (qtls. 
 \ brls. 
 
 247,052 
 3,659,766 
 26,828,264 
 2,687,172 
 6,970,605 
 1,567,831 
 67,508 
 336,744 
 2,517 
 10,013 
 
 II 
 Doc 
 Inc. 
 
 117^ 
 
 39ii 
 
 67 
 
 17i 
 
 90 
 111 
 
 41 
 
 II 
 II 
 i< 
 II 
 
 II 
 II 
 i( 
 II 
 II 
 II 
 II 
 ii 
 
<I 
 
 11 
 II 
 
 5 
 
 Lower C'««"^«.-The quuutitie« of agricultural and other products raised 
 in the years 1851 and 1861 were:— 
 
 Wheat, bushels 
 
 Corn, " .... 
 
 Peas, " . . . . 
 
 Beans, " . . , . 
 
 Barley, " , . , . 
 
 Rye, " . . . . 
 
 Oats, " . . . , 
 
 Buckwheat, " . , . . 
 Grass Seeds, " . , . . 
 Potatoes, " . . . , 
 
 Turnips, " 
 
 Carrots, " .... 
 Mangel Wurzel, bus. 
 
 Hay, tons 
 
 Flax or Hemp, lbs . 
 Tobacco, <' 
 
 Hops, '( 
 
 Wool, " 
 
 Butter, <i 
 
 Cheese, << 
 
 Maple Sugar, " . 
 
 Cider, gallons 
 
 Beef, barrels 
 
 Pork, " 
 
 Fish cured, brls 
 
 3,073,943 
 401,284 
 
 1,415,806 
 
 22.860 
 
 494;766 
 
 325,422 
 
 8,977,380 
 
 532,412 
 
 19,073 
 
 4,424,016 
 
 334,250 
 
 81,685 
 
 110,126 
 
 755,579 
 
 1,189,018 
 443,059 
 145,735 
 
 1,428,783 
 
 9,610,036 
 764,304 
 
 6,D67,542 
 
 43,092 
 
 43,031 
 
 161,257 
 
 80,338 
 
 2,919,790 
 
 364,760 
 
 3,090,240 
 
 23,523 
 
 2,543,116 
 
 967,573 
 
 20,567,925 
 
 1,406,278 
 
 38,439 
 
 12,770,471 
 
 892,434 
 
 293,007 
 
 207,256 
 
 689,977 
 
 975,827 
 
 Jqtls 
 I brli? 
 
 53,387 
 
 1,967,388 
 
 15,906,949 
 
 686,297 
 
 9,325,147 
 
 21,011 
 
 67,054 
 
 196,598 
 
 . 230,453 
 
 . 139,558 
 
 Die. 
 In J. 
 
 li 
 
 3 
 
 l( 
 
 413i 
 
 (1 
 
 
 u 
 
 129 
 
 II 
 
 1641 
 
 II 
 
 lOli 
 
 l< 
 
 184,} 
 
 <l 
 
 167 
 
 II 
 
 259 
 
 « 
 
 88 1 
 
 Dec. 
 
 8? 
 
 II 
 
 18 
 
 5 per cent. 
 9 " 
 
 118 1-5 " 
 It 
 II 
 II 
 II 
 II 
 II 
 II 
 II 
 II 
 
 Inc. 
 
 II 
 
 Dec. 
 Inc. 
 Dec. 5H 
 Inc. 55i 
 " 22 
 
 63i 
 375 
 65i 
 10 1-5 
 53? 
 
 II 
 
 II 
 ii 
 
Entire Province of Canada. — The following table shows the quantity of 
 agricultural and other products rai&ed in the years 1851 and 1861, — the ratios of 
 
 increase being also given : — 
 
 Wheat, bushels 
 
 Corn, " 
 
 Peas, " 
 
 Beans, " 
 
 Barley, 
 
 Rye, ' 
 
 Oats, " 
 
 Buckwheat, " 
 
 Grass Seeds, " 
 
 Potatoes, " 
 
 Turnips, " 
 
 Carrots, " 
 
 Mangel Wurzel, bush 
 
 Hay, tons 
 
 Flax or Hemp, lbs. . 
 Tobacco, " . . 
 
 Hops, " . . 
 
 Wool, " .. 
 
 Butter, " .. 
 
 Cheese, " . . 
 
 Maple Sugar, " . . 
 
 Cider, gallons 
 
 Beef, barrels 
 
 Pork, " 
 
 B ish cured, brls 
 
 1851. 
 
 15,756,493 
 
 2,090,089 
 
 4,543,487 
 
 41,169 
 
 1,120,218 
 
 643,851 
 
 20.369,247 
 
 1,11*5,347 
 
 58,102 
 
 9,406,202 
 
 3,444,568 
 
 256,371 
 
 ^64,332 
 
 1,449,306 
 
 1,248,698 
 
 1,220,485 
 
 259,262 
 
 4,048,217 
 
 25,674,568 
 
 3,056,904 
 
 9,737,416 
 
 785,932 
 
 156,476 
 
 478,267 
 
 92,224 
 
 1361. 
 
 27,540,215 
 
 Inc. 
 
 75 pel 
 
 • c 
 
 2,621,050 
 
 It 
 
 25 2-5 
 
 K 
 
 12,691,636 ! 
 
 II 
 
 179Ji 
 
 l( 
 
 72,666 
 
 (1 
 
 76 J 
 
 It 
 
 5,366,078 
 
 <i 
 
 396J 
 
 l< 
 
 1,940,754 
 
 II 
 
 201i 
 
 II 
 
 41,788,799 
 
 II 
 
 1051-5 
 
 II 
 
 2,654,915 
 
 II 
 
 1385 
 
 11 
 
 100,257 
 
 II 
 
 72J 
 
 II 
 
 28,096,391 
 
 II 
 
 1 98 J 
 
 II 
 
 19,099,393 
 
 II 
 
 454J 
 
 II 
 
 2,198,665 
 
 II 
 
 757i 
 
 l( 
 
 754,227 
 
 II 
 
 359 
 
 <l 
 
 1,551,821 
 
 II 
 
 7 
 
 II 
 
 2,201,761 
 
 II 
 
 76J 
 
 II 
 
 C qtls 
 \ brls, 
 
 300,439 
 
 5,627,154 
 
 42,735,213 
 
 3,373,469 
 
 16,295,752 
 
 1,588,842 
 
 134,562 
 
 533,342 
 
 232,970 ) 
 
 149,571 \ 
 
 II 
 
 (I 
 
 II 
 
 II 
 
 II 
 
 II 
 Dec. 
 Inc. 
 
 16 
 39 
 66J 
 104 
 67i 
 
 102 1-6 
 14 
 Hi 
 
 II 
 i: 
 (1 
 II 
 (I 
 II 
 II 
 11 
 
 This t.iblc shows iit a glance, that there has been an immense increase of yield 
 both in grain and root crops in course of ten years. 
 
 In this connection it may be remarked that there are data to show, that 
 from the year 1840 to 1850 the yield of wheat in the United States had increased 
 48 per cent., and the increase during the same period in Canada was upwards of 400 
 per cent. The yield of wheat in the United States in the year 18G0 showed an 
 increase of 72J per cent, as compared with that of 1850 ; the increase in Canada 
 in 1801 over 1S51 was 75 per cent. 
 
 Tlie yield of Maiz- (Indian Corn) in the United States in 1850 as contrasted 
 with 1840, showed an increase of 56 per cent. ; the yield in 1850 in Canada as 
 compared with 1842, showed an increase of 163 per cent. The yield in the United 
 States in 1860 showed an increase of 41§ per ( t. over 1850; the increase in 
 Canada in 1861 over 1851 being 22 2-5 per cent. 
 
 The yield of Oats in the United States in 1850, as compared with 1340, 
 showed an increase of 17 per cent.; the yield in Canada in 1851 over 1842 being 
 70 per cent. The yield in the United States in 1860 showed an increase of 17| 
 percent, over 1850; the increase in Canada in 1861 over 1851 being 105 1-5 
 per cent. 
 
YIELD PER ACRE OF CEREAL AND ROOT CROPS. 
 
 Upper Canada,— T\\Q next table shows the number of acres sown, and the 
 yield per acre of grain and roots in the years mentioned. The increases can be 
 easily seen : — 
 
 1851. 
 
 1801. 
 
 Number ef Acres 
 Sown. 
 
 Wheat 
 
 Maize 
 
 Peas 
 
 Barley 
 
 Rye 
 
 Oats 
 
 Buckwheat 
 Potatoes . . . 
 Turnips ... 
 
 798,275 
 72,047 
 
 ir6,643 
 30,129 
 49,066 
 
 413,058 
 44,264 
 77,966 
 17,048 
 
 hels per 
 
 Number of Acres 
 
 \cre. 1 
 
 8own. 
 
 ir 
 
 1,386,366 
 
 23i 
 
 79,918 
 
 in 
 
 460,595 
 
 20J 
 
 118,940 
 
 6i 
 
 70,376 
 
 27J 
 
 678,337 
 
 13 
 
 74,56J 
 
 64 
 
 137,266 
 
 182^ 
 
 73,409 
 
 Busbels per 
 Acre. 
 
 17} 
 
 28i 
 
 20 4- 
 
 23J 
 
 13J 
 
 31 i 
 
 165 
 111} 
 248 
 
 Lower Canada.— 1:\\Q comparative yields were as follows : — 
 
 i851. 
 
 Number of Acres 
 Sown. 
 
 Wheat 
 
 Maize 
 
 Peas 
 
 Barley . . . . 
 
 Ryo 
 
 Oats 
 
 Buckwheat 
 Potatoes . . , 
 Turnips ... 
 
 410,043 
 
 22,507 
 
 162,030 
 
 42,844 
 
 43,438 
 
 591,521 
 
 52,814 
 
 73,227 
 
 3,720 
 
 Bushels per 
 Acre. 
 
 n 
 
 18 
 9 
 
 Hi 
 
 151- 
 10 
 60i 
 81 
 
 1861. 
 
 Number of Acres 
 Sown. 
 
 341,769 
 15,012 
 
 234,035 
 
 139,442 
 83,931 
 
 955,553 
 75,605 
 
 118,709 
 6,475 
 
 Bushels per 
 Acre. 
 
 81 
 22i 
 
 Hi 
 
 16i 
 
 10 
 
 18i 
 
 16i 
 107i 
 138 
 
thp: grain trade of Canada. 
 
 Ill connection with the tables on pages 4 and 5, showing the quantities of 
 Grain produced m Canada, the following tables of Flour and Grain imported and 
 exported from the Province will enable the reader to form a fair estimate of the 
 growth and magnitude of the Grain trade. 
 
 Quantities of Flour and Grain imported into Canada durinj fifteen r/ears. 
 
 YEARS. 
 
 Flouk. 
 
 Wheat. 
 
 Maize. 
 
 1850. 
 1851. 
 1852. 
 1853. 
 1854. 
 1855. 
 1856. 
 1857. 
 185H. 
 1859. 
 18G(). 
 1861 . 
 1862. 
 1863, 
 1864. 
 
 Brls. 1 
 
 Bush. 
 
 Bush. 
 
 588 1 
 
 155,830 
 
 77,768 
 
 1,714 
 
 337,515 
 
 162,732 
 
 2,008 
 
 103,663 
 
 208,851 
 
 1,149 
 
 16,791 
 
 415,510 
 
 2,980 
 
 120,l(i6 
 
 1,029,514 
 
 199,410 
 
 926,011 
 
 1,351,262 
 
 140,167 
 
 1,409,634 
 
 1,669,928 
 
 214,542 
 
 2,414,366 
 
 1,095,703 
 
 195,263 
 
 2,240,511 
 
 599,229 
 
 405,093 
 
 1,073,965 
 
 758,534 
 
 168,488 
 
 2,284,543 
 
 1,047,677 
 
 150,385 
 
 4,450,986 
 
 2,692,868 
 
 242,140 
 
 6,290,589 
 
 4,308,957 
 
 229,793 
 
 4,211,656 
 
 
 1,762,142 
 
 Quantiti('s of Flour and Grain exported from Canada during fifteen years: 
 
 YEARS. 
 
 Fl.OL'R. 
 
 Brli^. 
 
 Whhat. 
 
 Pkas. 
 Bush. 
 
 M<*IZK. 
 
 Bush. 
 
 Oats. 
 Bush. 
 
 Bari.ry and 
 Rtk. 
 
 
 Bush. 
 
 Bush. 
 
 1850 
 
 650,439 
 
 1,295,029 
 
 258,901 
 
 J0,313 
 
 607,652 
 
 66,514 
 
 1851 
 
 668,623 
 
 933,756 
 
 172,837 
 
 51,503 
 
 497,027 
 
 180,446 
 
 1852 
 
 702,624 
 
 1,883,599 
 
 242,247 
 
 613 
 
 641,616 
 
 151.962 
 
 1853 
 
 780,058 
 
 2,666,903 
 
 242,910 
 
 831 
 
 1,028,310 
 
 43,35:^ 
 
 1854 
 
 651,400 
 
 1,442,677 
 
 133,087 
 
 57,636 
 
 33,656 
 
 112.3s;j 
 
 1865 
 
 643,936 
 
 3,193,748 
 
 264,034 
 
 73,066 
 
 370,275 
 
 566,r>:i4 
 
 1856 
 
 878.775 
 
 4,997,'' 56 
 
 374,479 
 
 164,491^ 
 
 1,296,677 
 
 989,447 
 
 1857 
 
 743,949 
 
 2,762, j4 
 
 220,726 
 
 65,342 
 
 866, H60 
 
 831,412 
 
 18.'j8 
 
 634,576 
 
 2,437,679 
 
 579.244 
 
 21,547 
 
 1,941,710 
 
 I,3{ilt,tl38 
 
 1869 
 
 416,610 
 
 1,954,577 
 
 690,863 
 
 3,139 
 
 2,635.388 
 
 1,766,249 
 
 1860 
 
 854,773 
 
 4,157,388 
 
 1,726,122 
 
 181,388 
 
 3,5!»8,H26 
 
 2,7:10.1 14 
 
 1801 
 
 1,268,290 
 
 7,028,232 
 
 2,110,968 
 
 742,476 
 
 2,111,046 
 
 2,203,7(13 
 
 1862 
 
 1,201.819 
 
 5,741,479 
 
 1,093,169 
 
 2,371,214 
 
 1,905,980 
 
 2,148,926 
 
 IHCJ 
 
 1,095,691 
 
 3,0.30,407 
 
 1,257, H60 
 
 93,317 
 
 4,580,018 
 
 2,751,100 
 
 1864 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
PRODUCE OF THE DAIRY IN CANADA. 
 
 The subjoined tables require no explanation. They show that, from the year 
 1851 to 1861 the manufacture of Cheese did not keep puce with the quantity of 
 Butter produced; the estabUshment of Cheese-Factories in various parts of Canada 
 within the past two years, would probably lead to a different result were a census 
 taken now. 
 
 1851. 
 
 Entire Province. 
 Upper Canada. . . 
 Lower Canada. .. 
 
 Ohio 
 
 United States and 
 Territories .... 
 
 Total 
 
 Number of 
 
 Milch Cows. 
 
 592,622 
 297,070 
 295,552 
 544,499 
 
 6,385,094 
 
 Proportion of 
 
 Miloa Cows to 
 
 Population. 
 
 3 
 O . 
 
 .a 
 O 
 
 '9 to 28 
 4 to 13 
 1 to 3 
 3 to 11 
 
 
 3 to 11 
 
 BUTTEU. 
 
 Chbkse. 
 
 Total Product. 
 
 25,674,568 
 
 10,064,532 
 
 9,610,036 
 
 34,449,379 
 
 Lbs. for 
 each 
 Cow. 
 
 43i i 
 54 I 
 32 J ! 
 63 i 
 
 Total Product. 
 
 3,056,904 
 
 2,292,600 
 
 704,304 
 
 20,819,542 
 
 313,345,306 49 1 105,535,893 
 
 Lbs. for 
 ; each 
 
 Cow. 
 
 5 1-6 
 7 4-5 
 2 3-5 
 381 
 
 16J 
 
 ISOl. 
 
 Entire Province. 
 Upper Canada. . . 
 Lower Canada.. . 
 
 Ohio 
 
 United States and , 
 Territories . . . . | 
 
 Total 
 Number of 
 Milch Cows. 
 
 780,010 
 451,640 
 328,370 
 676,585 
 
 8,581,735 
 
 Proportion of 
 
 Milch Cows to 
 
 Population. 
 
 BUTTKR. 
 
 Total Product. 
 
 I Chrebk. 
 
 Lbs. for 
 ench Total Product. 
 Cow. 
 
 
 9 to 281 
 
 
 9 to 28 
 
 
 
 o . 
 
 < 
 
 5 to 17 
 9 to 31 j 
 
 
 3 to 11 
 
 n 
 
 42,735,213 
 26,828,204 
 15,900,949 
 48,543,102 
 
 54 4- 
 
 59 i 
 48J 
 
 713 
 
 3,373,469 
 
 2,087,172 
 
 086,297 
 
 21,018,893 
 
 iLbs. for 
 
 oaeh 
 I Cow. 
 
 ! 6 
 2 
 32 
 
 459,081,372 53J 103,603,927 . 12 
 
 The followinj; tabuhir statement show?! the ratios of hicroJiso or docrciis.- in 
 certnin particulars as deducod tVcm a comp;irison of tlio triisus of 1851 .ind 
 1601 for Canada, and of 185U and 1800 for the United States. 
 
 Increasfs or Di'rr^iinfn in ISOO or Isol. 
 
 POPULATION. 
 
 COWS. 
 
 BUTTEU. 
 
 CHEESE. 
 
 In all Canada.... Inc. 36 per cent. Inc. 313 percent. Inc.OOJ percent. Inc. loip.r 'eut 
 '« Upper Canada. Tnc 40J " " 52 " " 07 " | " 17 
 
 " Lower Canada. I hf. 2.'i " " 11 " 
 
 " Ohio Inc. 18 " " U4,l 
 
 «' United States .Inc. ;j:il " " 'M'i 
 
 07 
 " 05i 
 " 41 
 " 46; 
 
 '' li 
 Dec. 10 i 
 3; 
 
 Inc. 
 Dec. 
 
 I, 
 
 I 
 
10 
 
 MANUFACTURES OF CANADA. 
 
 The census reports of the Provinces afford a very imperfect idea of the extent 
 of the manufacturing operations carried on. 
 
 As regards the manufacture of cloth in Upper C;inada, the following figures 
 show the products in the years 1851 and 1861 : — 
 
 
 1851. 
 
 isrti. 
 
 Flannel, yards.. 
 
 l,inen, " 
 
 Fulled Cloth, yards.... 
 
 1,157,221 
 
 14,711 
 
 531,560 
 
 1,595,514 
 
 37,055 
 
 497,520 
 
 The products of cloth in. Lower Canada were : — 
 
 Flannel, yards 
 
 Linen, " 
 
 Fulled Cloth, yards. 
 
 1831. 
 
 1H61. 
 
 856,445 
 929,249 
 746,532 
 
 1,231,975 
 
 1,021,443 
 
 897,191 
 
 The products of the whole Province were : — 
 
 Flannel, yards 
 
 Liiii'U, " 
 
 Fulled Cloth, yards. 
 
 1851. 
 
 2,013,666 
 
 943,900 
 
 1,278,092 
 
 1801. 
 
 2,827,489 
 l,or,8,iyH 
 1,394,711 
 
 
 38 
 
 152 
 
 6 
 
 per 
 2-5 
 
 
 Inc. 
 Dec. 
 
 cent 
 
 Inc. 44 per cent, 
 
 " 10 " 
 
 " 20 1-6 " 
 
 Inc. 40 2-5 per oent. 
 « 12 " 
 
 
 
 n 
 
 q 
 
 
 
 a 
 
 li 
 
 MINERAL RESOURCES OF CANADA. 
 
 Tho l)!irost onuiucrution can only be giveu hero. 
 
 Bvlldivg M,itcr!,ih.—]ii}MoH the wood of the forests, there are *'l;iys for 
 bricks and tit lor oo.irso pottery and drain tiles; limo for mortar and ceiuoiit ; 
 granites, sandstones, limestones, marbles, and rooting slates. 
 
 Artificial J/r»;i»/CT.— There is an abundant supply (.f gypsum and phospluitr 
 of lime. 
 
 MvUth. -Ores of iron are found in very largo quantiticis,— some of the deposits 
 yiolding about 70 per cent, of mettil. Extousivo veins ol' copper ore exist in many 
 parts of the Province. Veins of Itsad ore occur in m:my plueos ; and one of the 
 precious nu'tals (g..ld) is believed to exist in various p;trts of the Province. In.n 
 pyrites is found in abundance; it is a material of value in the manufacture of cop- 
 peras, as well m a .stmrce of sulphur for the production of sulphuric acid, or oil nf 
 vitrin'i, roruiiiig fiio stiuting-pnnt in ordinary proeesf^es f*»r \\w prnduetlon of 
 chloriiir, bl.M«bing powder ;.nd soda-ash. Chromium (the only .source of chrumatc 
 
\|i 
 
 11 
 
 of potash) is foufid in the form of chromic irou in considerable qu mtities. Tita- 
 nium has within 'a few j rs been found in great and apparently inexhaustible 
 quantities, ad well as ores of nickel and cobalt, molybdenum, and carbonate of 
 
 magnesia. 
 
 Ochres.— 0( very considerable purity, and of different shades of color, are 
 abundant in some regions, and are extensively wrought. Sulphate of barytes, 
 largely used in the preparation of pigments, is also found. 
 
 Quartz, of the requisite purity for glass-making, is abundanr in the form of 
 white sandstone. 
 
 Plumbago, or black lead of superior quality, for the manufacture of crucibles, 
 is obtained in many places; and refractoiy materials necessary for the construction 
 of fuvnaces, and for smelting metals are not wanting. 
 
 tioapstone abounds; and sandstone for hearths of furnaces, fire-clay, and 
 moulding sand exist in many parts of the Province. 
 
 Mica of excellent quality abounds, and thin sheets of large sizes are obtained. 
 Lithographic ^^ones.— Superior stones for use in lithography have been found 
 in localities in Upper Canada, but they have not yet been brought into use. 
 
 Among the materials for ornamental purposes may be mentioned agates, 
 jiispars, Labrador feldspar, and porphyries of fine texture,— the latter in a variety 
 of colors, susceptible of high poUish, and said to rival the porphyries of the old 
 world. 
 
 Pe<ro/c?/m.— Springs of Petroleum, or mineral oil, occur in several locaUties in 
 the south-western part of Canada, and a large portion of that region is under-laid 
 by the oil-bearing rock ; while at the north-eastern extremity of the Province, 
 natural springs yieldin- small amounts of petroleum, are found scattered over a 
 considerable portion of the GasixJ region.