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THE 48th HIGHLANDERS, 
 
 OF TORONTO. 
 
 f 
 

 HER MAJESTY QUEEN VICTORIA. 
 
THE 
 
 48th Highlanders 
 
 OF TORONTO. 
 
 CANADIAN MILITIA. 
 
 THE ORIGIN AND HISTORY OF THIS REGIMENT, 
 AND A SHORT ACCOUNT OF THE 
 
 HIGHLAND RtGIMENTS 
 
 FROM TIME TO TIME 
 
 STATIONED IN CANADA. 
 
 BY 
 
 ALEXANDER ERASER, M.A., 
 
 SECRETARY TO THE CITIZENS' COMMITTEE WHICH RAISED THE REGIMENT. 
 
 E. L. RUDDY, 
 
 TORONTO. 
 1900. 
 
Eiiteiea nocoidinff to Act of the Piirliainent of Ciini.'i in the yem- 
 at the Depaitinent of Agrieultiiie, by E. L. Ruddy. 
 
 Printed by R. G. McLean, Toronto. 
 
 With Ink manufactured by Canada Printing Ink Co., Toronto. 
 
 Od CoatetV Popevnaasbjt Ritchie » Karmmy, Tbronta. 
 
PREFACE. 
 
 WRITING the history of a rc<riment formed not more 
 than nine years ago, the advantage lies in the abun- 
 dance of the material at hand. Brief the period may 
 be, and uneventful the record, but the whole story is 
 still fresh in the memory, and no fact of interest or 
 i/AJllJllWMS importance need be overlooked. On the other hand, it is a matter 
 
 of constant regret with respect to . ome of the old regiments 
 
 particularly some of the old Highland regiments — that so little is 
 definitely known of the details of their organization, and much 
 would be given if the neglect of the time long ago could be repaired. In entering 
 upon the last year of its first decade as a military organization the time seems 
 opportune to place on permanent record in a worthy and befittino- form the 
 interesting story of the origin and growth of a regiment occupying so conspicuous 
 a place in the Active Militia of Canada as does the 48th Highlanders of Toronto. 
 
 Though one of the latest battalions added to the Canadian Militia, it is one of 
 the most distinguished, efficient and popular of them all. Wearing the Highland 
 uniform, and headed by a band of pipers, it is a gallant corps, of which members of 
 all nationalities, but especially those of Scottish connection, are justly proud. It has 
 attracted to its ranks an excellent body of men, who have at all times taken a pride in 
 maintaining the honour of the regiment worthily, and a morale of the very highest 
 character. This was to have been expected from the history of Highland regiments 
 in the past, when, under all circumstances, duty and discipline have ever been the 
 watchword and motto of the Highland soldier, and the gallant 48th has shown itself 
 to be mindful of the glorious traditions of its predecessorr. 
 
 While this work is essentially a history of the 48th Highlanders, it is but natural 
 to suppose that the idea such a corps represents is wider and touches interests 
 beyond the rtfgiment itself whieh are dear to the Scotchman the world over, and are 
 
 5 
 
appreci.itetl wliercvcr iht; true iiiiliiary spirit exists. The martial ardour of the Gael, 
 his aptitude for soldiering, and his services in the field have been '..e subject of fitting, 
 though necessarily brief, reference in these pages. The association of Highland 
 regiments of the regular army with Canada has been also briefly noticed, and an 
 unbroken connection from Quebec to the present day traced between the Highland 
 soldier and the Dominion. 
 
 1 he official documents from which the information was drawn were placed in 
 the hands of Mr. Alexander P>aser, the well-known journalist and Scottish author, 
 who was Secretary of the Citizens' Committee which carried the movement for the 
 establishment of the 48th Highlanders to a successful issue. He is thoroughly 
 conversant with all the details of the formation of the regiment from the inception of 
 the movement, and with the record of the corps up to the present. He received all 
 neces.sary assistance from the officers of the regiment, so that this work may be 
 taken as accurate and complete. 
 
 ThK PUHLISIIKK. 
 
 I 
 
 I 
 
 i 
 
 (3 
 
PART I. 
 
 CHAPTER I 
 
 INTRODUCTORY: THE MARTIAL SPIRIT OF THE GAEL. 
 
 Hp 
 
 . ■ U IT i>''^^'^^st misfortune that cat; happen to any people is to have no 
 ^ I fj| ^ noble deeds and no heroic personalities to look back to ; for as 
 '» JL a wise present is the seed of a fruitful future, so a great past is 
 
 the seed of a hopeful present." So wrote Professor Blackie, 
 having in mind the courage and the martial fervour of the 
 Scottish people. From the dim beginning of history the Celt 
 reveals himself as a mighty man of war. Heroes lead him in 
 the fight, and bards celebrate his victories in song, accompanied 
 by the stringed harp and the tuneful lyre. In Europe he faced 
 the Roman legions, and when the long galleys lay-to off Dover, 
 the chalk-white cliffs were crowned by a resisting and resolute 
 people in which the Celtic blood still predominated. Genera- 
 tions passed after Ca;sar, and the eagles waved triumphantly 
 over the rich southern plains, but the northern fastnesses were 
 held against the Roman arms by the prowess of the Gael, to 
 whose martial genius is due the fact that " Caledonia, stern and 
 wild " has never yielded to the invader's power, nor to this day 
 has been conquered. Very early in ihe annals of Rome, a 
 victory by the Celtic leader, Brcnnus, over the Romans is 
 recorded. From classic story we also learn of a Roman defeat 
 at Allia, B.C. 391, by the Celts of (iaul. From these early days until the present 
 the Gael has shown a natural aptitude for war, and in modern times it is needless to 
 say no braver soldiers face the field than the kilted lads who dare a Dargai, an 
 Atbara or a Modder River. It was the same spirit that made a Bannockburn 
 possible, which stirred the Border Clans in their forays, and the Hebridean oarsmen 
 in their birlinn raids—" dhain deoin co theireadhe "—that responded to the call to 
 arms when the British Government was controlled by the wise policy of the elder 
 Pitt, whose words in reference to the Highland regiments are worth remembering, 
 r. ^ .. , Britain was deeply involved in war, and a scheme to embody 
 
 7 
 
 It was after Culloden. 
 
the Highhiiulers in reajular corps, suj^jrestcd first by the sagacious aiicl statesinanly 
 Duncan Forbes to VV^alpoIe, was taken up by Pitt. Speaking of the ex[)eriiiient, 
 Pitt said : " I sought for merit wherever it coukl be found. It is my boast that I 
 was the first minister who looked for it, and found it, in the mountains of the 
 North. I called it forth, and drew into your s.-rvice a hardy and intrepid race of 
 men ; men who, when left by your jealousy, became a prey to the artifices of your 
 enemies, and had gone nigh to have overturned the state in the war before last. 
 These men, in the last war, were brought to combat on your side, they served with 
 fidelity, as they fought with valour, and conquered for you in every quarter of the 
 world." 
 
 The history of the Scottish Highlanders during the last 150 years proves that 
 national sentiment is of inestimable value in military enterprise. From the time 
 when the Hlack Watch and other Highland regiments became a part of the British 
 Army the importance of well-managed and easily controlled individuality, as against 
 a blind uniformity, has been grijdually recognized, and practical conviction has been 
 followed by beneficial results. To-day national sentiment is accordingly encouraged, 
 Scottish, Irish and English corps vie with each other in their zeal to uphold the 
 prestige of their country on the field of battle. This quality is forcibly stated by 
 General David Stewart in his rare book, in which he thus describes the difference 
 between the soldiers of three great countries : 
 
 "The German soldier considers himself as a part of the military machine and 
 duty marked out in the orders of the day. He moves onward to his destination 
 with a well-trained pace, and with as phlegmatic indifference to the result as a 
 labourer who works for his daily hire. The courage of the French soldier is 
 supported in the hour of trial by his high notions of the point of honour, but this 
 display of spirit is not always steady ; neither French nor German is confident in 
 himself, if an enemy gain his tlank or rear. A Highland soldier faces his enemy, 
 whether in front, rear or flank, and if he has confidence in his commander, it may be 
 predicted with certainty that he will be victorious or die on the ground which he 
 maintains." 
 
 Why? General Stewart's answer is: 
 
 "He goes into the field res-olved not to disgrace his name." 
 
 The greatest British generals are among those who acknowledge the military 
 value of a sentiment that inspires such determination and gives an impetus to 
 native valour. 
 
 A monopoly of this quality is not, of course, claimed fo; Highland soldiers, but 
 the Highland regiments, without exception, have shown themselves to possess this 
 high character in a marked degree ; and it is all-important that the reason why 
 should not be forgotten. The inborn military ardour of the Scottish Highlander is 
 kept alive by cherishing his racial characteristics. First and foremost is the native 
 love for his country. No people is more rooted in the soil than the Celt. With all 
 
 8 
 
his bv or pionemiijr. for leiulinj,^ the way to new coii.itrics ami settliiij,^ down in 
 th«m as his permanent home, it is nevertheless true of no one more than it is of the 
 Celt that he clearly loves the «Icn or mountain side where first he saw the li^rht. 
 For his country's sake he will willin-ly die. Then, there is the deep-seated love for 
 clan and knismen, and the sacred re^rard for the family ties. It is difficult for a 
 stranirer to appreciate this phase of the Hi},^hland(;r's character; it is the key to 
 much of his life, which, without it, cannot be understood. Love for the traditions of 
 the fathers, jealousy of their good name, pride in their historical achievements, and a 
 desire to emulate them, all combine to give force to his native courage and to give 
 hun an exalted impression of his duty. As to the ancient Roman, so to him also the 
 creed can be applied which these lines contain : 
 
 " And how can a man die better 
 Than facing fearful odds. 
 For the ashes of his fathers 
 And the temples of his gods. 
 
 " And for the tender mothrr 
 Who dandled him to rest. 
 And for the wife who nurses 
 His baby at her breast." 
 
 The natural aptitude which the Highlander has for war is also stimulated by the 
 regimental accompaniments of music and dress. The martial music of the bagpipes 
 has stirred the Highland soldier's blood in many a hard-fought battle, and its 
 influence has been so great that no Highland regiment would claim to be complete 
 without its band of pipers. The Highland uniform is not only attractive in itself, 
 it has the merit of being a rational as well as a national costume. It permits ease of 
 movement and conduces to superior health. Highland soldiers love it as the 
 costume of their country from the olden time, and its use is a constant monitor to 
 wear it worthily. The "garb of old Gaul and the fire of old Rome" have been 
 coupled together not without good cause, but that need not be entered upon here. 
 While the "bonnet, kilt and feather," and the bagpipes remain there will be no lack 
 of Scotsmen to maintain the strength of the Highland regiments. 
 
CHAPTER II. 
 
 HIGHLAND REGIMENTS IN CANADA. 
 
 
 THE BLACK WATCH. 
 
 FIRST of the old Highland regular regiments to have 
 been esrablished was the " Black Watch "-the famous 
 t^orty- Second— regimented from six companies of 
 military police, which were formed in 1729, to keep the 
 peace in the disturbed portions of the Scottish Hi^di- 
 lands. It is interesting at this lapse of time to nlw 
 that about one hundred and seventy years ago the duties of this 
 military police were the enforcement of the Disarming Act the 
 overawiiig f the disaffected, the prevention of convocations of 
 the people, and " to check plunder and reprisals of cattle be...een 
 rival clans and more particularly the depredations committed on 
 those of their more peaceable neighbours of the plains " These 
 J» and four additional companies were formed into a re-iment of 
 SltS^J:^^- the line in 1739, and the first muster took place in -40 With 
 the formation of the " Black Watch " into a regular re-iment 
 came the introduction of the Highland uniform into the British Army The 
 H.ghl-nd uniform is a modification of the national costume of Scotland, suited .0 
 the arms and accoutrements of the soldie>-. 
 _ A description of that worn at first by the •' Black Watch " cannot fail to be of 
 
 waistcoat, with '^.:ff fecings and white lace, tartan plaid of twelve yards ,,laited 
 rouiKl the mi die o. th. body, the upper part being fixld on the left sholitr Itad 
 
 X^ul^T r-T " TT"^ "'"' ^"^'^ ^'^""'^'^" '"'^' fi--^'-'^ '-^ -'"y weather 
 At mght the plaid .s^M-ved the purpose of a blanket. The.se were called belted plaids 
 
 f.om being l-.pt tifiht on the body by a belt, and were worn on guards, reviews and 
 
 on all occasions when the men were ."n full dre.ss. On this belt hung the pistols and 
 
 tt wtn" Til ; '" '"",'?• '-''' '''''-' ""^ "" ^^'^y- '•- ^-'^ ■^■•'^ - P'^''^''-K 
 
 lu res T; U^ Tf "'\'^ ''°'''^^'" "'" "'^'^^' •"^^^ ^"^d «•■"-"• -"-"K-d in smaH 
 
 squares to resemble the fess chequey in the arms of the different branches of the 
 
 St wart family and a tuft of feathers, or sometimes a small black bearskin. Tartan 
 
 hose w.tn buckled shoes weie worn, and sporrans of badge, skins. The arms were, 
 
 10 
 
His Exci.:i.i...:ncv Tii;.: C.ovKRNOR-tlKNKRAi. ok Canada. 
 Thk Eahl oi MiNTo, IXC, K.C.M.G. 
 
a n.usket. a bayonet, and a Ijirsre basket-hiked broadsword. Such of the men as 
 chose to supply themselves with pistols and dirks were allowed to carry them and 
 some had targets. The sword belt was of black leather, and the cartouch-box was 
 carried m front, supported by a narrow belt round the middle. The officers' dress- 
 coats were slightly embroidered with gold ; the sergeants' jackets were trimmed 
 with silver lace, which they provided for themselves. 
 
 _ In the spring of 1756 the 42nd (Black Watch) Highland Regiment, under 
 Lieutenant-Colonel Francis Grant, embarked from Ireland for New York to 
 take part in the struggle for supremacy in North America, between France and 
 Great Britain. Col. rrancis Grant was a son of the Laird of Grant, and had 
 joined the Forty-Second as a lieutenant in 1739. on the formation of the recriment 
 He was so popular with the men of the 42nd, that when a vacancy occurred in that 
 regiment, on the promotion of Lieut.-Col. John Campbell, who afterwards became 
 the celebrated Duke of Argyle, to the command of another regiment, they raised 
 money to purchase for Major Grant the vacant colonelcy. He was however 
 promoted without purchase and commanded the regiment in America until 176^' 
 when he was transferred to the command of the 90th Irish Light Infantry He 
 subsequently rose to the rank of Lieutenant-General. 
 
 The 42nd formed part of Major-General Abercromby's division which reached 
 Halifax in the summer of 1757 in the first expedition for Louisbourg, which was 
 abandoned in consequence of the strength of the French force there.' In the year 
 following they made the memorable charge at Ticonderoga. described by an officer 
 ot the 55th thus :— '• With a mixture of esteem, grief and envy, 1 consider the crreat 
 OSS and immortal glory acquired by the Scots Highlanders in the late bloody affair 
 Impatient for orders, tliey rushed forward to the entrenchments, which many of 
 them actually mounted. They appeared as lions breaking from their chains Their 
 intrepidity was rather animated than damped by seeing their comrades fall on every 
 side. . . By their assistance we expect soon to give a good account of the 
 
 enemy and ourselves." It was in this action that Major Duncan Campbell, of 
 inverawe. fell, whose premonition of death has formed the subject of eerie le-end for 
 the prose of Sir Thomas Dick Lauder, Bart., and the poetry of Robert Louis 
 Steven.son. The regiment, 1,300 strong, lost in that engagement, 8 officers o 
 sergeants, and 297 men, killed ; ,7 officers. ,0 sergeants, and 306 men wounded. 
 1 he king conferred the honour of " Royal " on the regiment at this time 
 
 I he Second battalion of the 42nd was raised in 1 758 and joined the I'irst battal- 
 ion m 1759, the combined regiment taking part under General Amherst in the 
 operations ending in the capture of Montreal and the end of the war. After the 
 Revolutionary War in which the 42nd bore a distinguished part, it served in Nova 
 Scotia, remaining there until 1789. On New Year's day, 1785. new colours were 
 presented to the regiment by Major-General Campbell, commanding in Nova Scotia 
 Ihe last visit of the regiment to Canada was in 1851-52, when it again settled in 
 
 12 
 
/ 
 
 Nova Scotia, Cape Breton and Prince Edward Island. The officers and the bind 
 assisted at the annual meeting of the North British Society ; and a minute of that 
 old institution records a donation of £-j los. by tin- band nnd pipers to the charity 
 fund of the society. 
 
 ERASER'S HIGHLANDERS. 
 
 So far as actual service is concerned no Highland regiment has been so closely 
 identified with Canadian history as Fr.iser's Highlanders, the old 78th regiment It 
 IS in connection with this body of men that Pitt's famous utterance regarding the 
 Highland regiments, is most often quoted. Pitt's speech was delivered in the 
 House of Lords in 1766, but nine years before that time --in 1757— he made a 
 recommendation to King George II. that he appoint the Honourable Simon Fraser 
 the eldest son of Lord Lovat (beheaded on Towerhill), as Lieut.-Col. Commandant 
 of a battalion, to bs raised on the forfeited estate of his own famiiy, and on those of 
 his kinsmen and clan. "Without estate, money or influence; beyond the influence 
 which flowed from attachment to his family, person and name, this gentleman "— 
 writes General Stewart— " in a few weeks, found himself at the head of 800 men 
 recruited by himself. The gentlemen of the country and the officers of the regiment 
 added more than 700; and thus a battalion was formed of 13 companies of 105 
 rank and file each, making in all 1460 men including 65 sergeants and 30 pipers 
 and drummers." The men wore the full Highland dress, with musket and 
 broadsword. I he bonnet was raised or cocked on one side and had two or more 
 black feathers. Stewart remarks that the ostrich feathers in the soldiers' bonnets 
 were a modern innovation. The regiment embarked at Greenock, in company 
 with Montgomerie's Highlanders, and landed at Halifax in June, 1757. Every 
 account of its conduct in garrison and field agrees as to the courage and soldierly 
 bearing of the men. At Louisbourg they bore themselves with distinction and 
 won the confidence and praise of General Wolfe of whose army they formed an 
 impo.tant part. It was at Quebec, however, that the regiment found its great 
 opportunity, and its name will go down with Wolfe's immortal victory At the 
 critical point in the attack on Quebec, Wolfe decided on scaling the woody 
 precipices above the city, so as to occupy the Plains of Abraham. The Highlanders 
 were, as they were wont to be, at the front, and to Captain Simon Fraser of 
 Balnain, belonged the honour of leading the advance, and first encountering the 
 French sentinels. Smollett gives the following interesting note: "The French 
 had posted sentries along the shore to challenge boats and vessels, and cive the 
 alarm occasionally. The fi/st boat that contained the British troops beim.- ques- 
 tioned accordingly, a captain of Eraser's regiment, who had served in Holland 
 and who was perfectly well acquainted with the French language and customs' 
 answered without hesitation to (?«/ t'/W ?-which is their challenging word-/« 
 France ; nor was he at a loss to answer the second question, which was much 
 more particular and difficult. When the sentinel demanded, a quel regiment ? 
 
 ^'^ 
 
 /I 
 
 biimimsmt 
 
the c;i[)t;iin replied, de la rein;, which \v^ knew, by accident, to hii one of those 
 that composed the body commanded by Bougainville." The boats proceeded 
 without further question. The Highlanders and light infantry were soon at the 
 top of the cliff, and the sentries slain or captured. The part played by the 78th 
 on the eventful battlefield is history. The Canadian poet. Duncan Anderson, 
 describes it : 
 
 " And the shrill pipe its coronach that wailed 
 
 On dark Culloden moor o'er trampled dead. 
 Now sounds the "Onset" that each clansman knows, 
 
 Still leads the foremost rank, where noblest blood is shed." 
 
 After the surrender of Quebec, General Townshend embarked for England, 
 leaving an effective force of 5000 men in command of General the Hon. James 
 Murray. Eraser's Highlanders formed part of that force, and in the subsequent 
 fighting Colonel Fra.ser commanded the left wing of the army, and his Highlanders 
 behaved with valour and generally lost heavily. The regiment remained in Quebec 
 until the summer of 1762, when it joined the expedition to retake St. John's, New- 
 foundland, and the year following it was disbanded, many of the officers and men 
 remaining as settlers in Canada. 
 
 During their stay in Quebec the Highlanders became favourites with the people, 
 but their national garb was not viewed with favour, '''he Gray Nuns especially, 
 considered that the limbs should be covered during the severe cold of winter, and 
 they improvised garments for them accordingly. The idea took hold of some of the 
 officers in high authority and a proposal was seriously made to change the uniform. 
 But the officers and men so strenuously opposed the change that the commander-in- 
 chief agreed to allow the Highland dress to be worn, and this is the testimony of the 
 regiment : " We were allowed to wear the garb of our fathers, and in the course of 
 six winters, showed the doctors that they did not understand our constitutions, for in 
 the coldest winters our men were more healthy than those regiments who wore 
 breeches and warm clothing." From 1758 to 1762 Eraser's Highlanders lost 4 
 captains, 10 subalterns. 4 sergeants, 2 pipers, 103 rank and file, killed; and 2 field 
 officers, 9 captains, 35 subalterns, 17 sergeants. 383 rank and file, wounded. The 
 battles they were engaged in were Louisbourg, Montmorency, Plains of Abraham. 
 Quebec, and St John's. 
 
 'I'he connection of I-'raser's Highlanders with Canada is also interesting from 
 the Masonic standpoint. The first military lodge which sprang into existence at 
 Quebec was St. Andrews', established October 20th, 1760, in the 78th Highlanders, 
 by Colonel Simon Eraser, then Provincial Grand Master Mason of Canada, to 
 which position he was elected on the 24th June previously. He was the second 
 Provincial Grand .Master in Canada. 
 
 In 1775 l^Vaser's Highlanders was reorganized in two battalions consisting of 
 2,340 officers and men. The Colonel-in-chief was the Hon. Simon I-Vaser, of Lovat, 
 
 14 
 
the Lieut. -CoIoiu.'I of the first battalion. Sir William I*>.skiiu'. of Torry, and of the 
 second battalion, Archibald Campbell. It was numbered the 71st, and served with 
 conspicuous distinction in the Revolutionary War, but did not fight on Canadian soil. 
 
 MONTGOMERIE'S HIGHLANDERS. 
 
 This regiment was named after the Hon. Archibald Montgomerie, son of the 
 Earl of Eglinton, to whom letters of service were issued in 1757 for recruiting it. 
 The regiment was thoroughly Highland, and embarked for Halifax with Eraser's 
 Highlanders. They were attached to General Forbes' corps, and operated against 
 Fort du Quesne (now Pittsburg) Little Keome, Estatoe, Martinique, Havannah, 
 and St. John's. They were ably commanded and had a full share in the oneious 
 work of Indian warfare, as well as in the conflicts with the regular troops of the 
 enemy. Quite a number of the men settled in Nova Scotia and the Eastern States 
 and fought in the 84th regiment in the Revolutionary War. 
 
 THE 84th HIGHLANDERS. 
 
 Fhe Royal Highland Emigrants, or the old 84th regiment, should possess a 
 special interest to Scottish-Canadians, for of Scottish-Canadians—Scottish settlers 
 in Canada — was it formed. After the peace of 1763, a considerable number of the 
 men and officers of Eraser's Highlanders (78th batt.), Montgomeric's Highlanders 
 (77th batt.), and o^ the 42nd Highlanders (Black W'atch), were allowed to remain 
 in North America, obtaining substantial grants of land according to rank. At that 
 tune there was but a limited emigration from the Highlands, but the veterans of the 
 regiments named and other Highlanders in Canada and the eastern States were 
 embodied as the Royal Highland Emigrants in 1775, afterwards numbered the 
 84th. The regiment was made up of two battalions — the ist raised and 
 commanded by Lieut.-Coi. Allan Maclean, of Torloisk, and the 2nd by Captain 
 John Small, a native of Strathardle, in Athole, a splendid soldier, who rose high in 
 the service and died a Major-General and Governor of Guernsey in 1796. 
 
 Colonel Maclean's battalion was niised mainly in the States, that of Major- 
 Commandant Small in Nova Scotia. In April, 1775. Col. Maclean went secretly 
 into Carolina, and with the assistance of Capt. Alexander MacLeod, formerly of 
 Eraser's Highlanders, he raised a company, which he left under the command of 
 Capt. MacLeod to bring North, while he went to other parts of the intervening 
 States to arouse the old soldiers. When all the companies met, v^ol. Maclean 
 marched with his regiment to Quebec, and to him and his command have been 
 credited the chief honour of saving that ancient fortress from the arms of Generals 
 Arnold and gallant Montgomery. The skill and generalship of Maclean were 
 conspicuoi:; 'S^oughout the siege, and his services have been placed by mil'tary 
 writers amon^, the most distinguished of the Revolutionary War. The 2nd 
 battalion uKso mad^ a fine regord in Nova Scotia, where five of the ten companies 
 
 15 
 
c->.n,)os,ng ,t rc-ma.ncc chmno the war, the other f.ve joining Lord CornwaHis in his 
 operations to the southward. In ,778 the two battalions were designated the 84th 
 regnnent and S,r Henry Chnton was appointed Colonel-in-Chief. the two 
 commandants remannng as before. The uniform was the full Highland garb, with 
 sporrans made of racoons' instead of badgers' skins. The officers 'wor; the 
 
 of";htr ''^th '■ ''"' '" "'rV '^''"■'^^^'" '-''''■ '" '-^3. on the conclusion 
 
 of the war. the regiment was disbanded, and the soldiers again became settlers 
 
 Colon^d t: 1 7' ^/-'--^^--Hon (the tst) settled in Ontario, while thaJof 
 Colonel Small preferred Nova Scotia and settled in the township of Douglas The 
 capta.ns obtained grants of 3000 acres of land each, the subakerns 500 acres the 
 
 Tubiir'mer T'' T'' ^- P"T" '°° ''''' ""^'- ^^^"y "f ^he most promi'nent 
 pubhc men m Canada durmg the century can trace their origin to the veteran 
 sold.er-settlers of the Royal Highland Emigrant Regiment. 
 
 ARGYLE HIGHLANDERS. 
 
 The old Seventy-Fourth regiment or Argyle Highlanders were embodied in 
 1778. havmg been raised by Colonel John Campbell, of Barbreck, a distinguished 
 
 soldier of the Seven V ears^ War. The regiment was 960 rank and file, and formed 
 
 part o. Bngadier-General Francis Maclean's command in Nova Scotia in the fall of 
 1778. I hey served at Charlestown and Penobscot, ana shared in the brilliant 
 
 campaign conducted in these sections by General Maclean uptil the peace, when 
 
 they were disbanded at Stirling, Scotland. 
 
 C.n J''' oT'S-'n "T °'^' "'^^"^'""^ regiments who, in active service, touched 
 Canada, (ther Highland corps of last century, but not coming v'ithin scope of this 
 sketch, as they did not serve in Canada, were :— 
 
 Loudon's Highlanders (1745- •748). which gave the famous Colonel Allan 
 
 '^^H «^ r Trr":; '" ''^^ '^'''">' '^^ ^^^-^^^S^M h as a lieutenant. 
 Old 87th and 88th ^Keith's and Campbell's Highlanders (1775-1783). which 
 saw service on the continent of PLurope only. / >i;. wiiicn 
 
 The 89th Highland Regiment (.759-1765) -service in the East Indies only 
 
 tlvln'T '"7"' "' ^""^^"■":^^ ^^'^^'y-"-' '"'• ^he raising of regiments of soldiers other 
 th;ui those o patriotism and the public weal. The motive assigned for the offer to 
 raise the old 9th is thus given by a credible writer: "At L solicitation of the 
 Dowager Duchess of Gordon. Major Staates Long Morris, to whom she had been 
 lately married, was appointed to raise the regiment, and to strengthen his interest 
 amongst^ tl.e youth of the North, her eldest son by her former husband, the late 
 Duke of Gord<,n then a youth at college, was appointed a captain; his brother. 
 Lord William a leutenanr, and his younger brother, Lord George, an ensign. The 
 object of the duchess in obtaining these appointments was to counteract the political 
 .nlluence of the Duke of Argyle during the minority of her son. Main. Mom's J^ts 
 so successful that, m a few weeks, 760 men were collected at Gordon Castle " " The 
 regmient had a brief but brilliant career in India. 
 
 l6 
 
 (I 
 
Jf'.'T i'. 
 
 .,/-!«■ .. ■■.I..- ■■^..>e..-r 
 
 
 LiEiJT.-CoL. John I. Davidson, 
 
 First Commanding Ofi-ickr 48TH Highlanders. 
 
 Now Honorary Lielt.-Coi.onel. 
 
 lawMiotiwiini 
 
Johnstone's Highlanders 10151(1760-1763) cmhodk-d at Perth, and named 
 after Sir James Johnstone, of Westehall. major-commandant of the regiment. They 
 saw no active service. 
 
 Macc'onald's Highlanders, Old 76th (1777- 1784). Raised by Lord Macdonald, 
 in the Higiiiands and Isles. The first Heutenant-colonel was Major John Macdonald, 
 of Lochgarry, from Fraser's Highlanders. They served in the Revolutionary War, 
 in New York and VitPfinia. 
 
 Athole Highlanders, Old 77th (1778-1783)- Did garrison duty only in Ireland. 
 Aberdeenshire Highland Regiment, Old 81st, (1777- 1783). Garrison duty 
 only in Ireland. 
 
 These regiments were disbanded when the purpose of cheir organization had 
 been accomplished. The Highland regiments succeeding them, which remain to 
 the present day are ten in number, viz.: — 
 
 The 71st Highland Light Infantry, formerly Lord McLeod's Highlanders 
 {73rd). 
 
 The 72nd, Duke of Albany's Own Highlanders, formerly Seaforth's High- 
 landers and the 78th regiment. 
 
 The 73rd Regiment. 
 
 The 74th Highlanders. 
 
 The 75th Regiment (Stirlingshire). 
 
 The 78th Highlanders, or Ross shire Buffs. ' 
 
 The 79th Cameron Highlanders, at first named the " Cameronian Volunteers." 
 
 The 91st Argyle Highlanders, formerly the 98th Highlanders. 
 
 The 92nd Gordon Highlanders. 
 
 The 93rd Sutherland Highlanders. 
 
 Before these comes the 42nd Black Watch, the oldest Highland regiment in 
 the British Army, making in all eleven Highland regiments in the Imperial service. 
 They are regimented thus : — 
 
 The Black Watch (Royal Highlanders)— Depot, Perth. 
 
 42nd— ist Battalion of the Black Watch (Royal Highlanders). 
 73rd— 2nd Battalion of the Black Watch (Royal Highlanders). 
 
 The Highland Light Infantry— Depot, Hamilton. 
 
 71st — ist Battalion of the Highland Light Infantry. 
 74th — 2nd Battalion of the Highland Light Infantry. 
 
 Seaforth Highlanders— Depot, Fort George. 
 
 72nd— 1st Battalion of Seaforth Highlanders (Ross-shire Buffs, Duke ot 
 Albany's). 
 
 78th— 2nd Battalion of Seaforth Highlanders (Ross-shire Buffs, Duke of 
 Albany's). 
 
 18 
 

 The Gordon Highlanders -Depot, Aberdeen. 
 
 75th — 1st Battalion of the Gordon Hi«rh)anclers. 
 92nd— 2nd Battalion of the Gordon Hijrhlanders. 
 
 The Queen's Own Cameron Highlanders— Depot, Inverness. 
 
 79th— ist and 2nd Battalions of the Queen's Own Cameron Highlanders. 
 
 Princess Louise's (Argyle and Sutherland Highlanders)— Depot, Stirling. 
 
 91st— I St Battalion of Princess Louise's (Argyle and Sutherland Highlanders.) 
 93''d— 2nd Battalion of Princess Louise's (Argyle and Sutherland Highlanders.) 
 
 It now remains to refer briefly to the Highland regiments which were 
 stationed in Canada from the earlier part of this century down to the time when the 
 Imperial forces were practically withdrawn from the Dominion. Following the 
 numerical order consecutively, we have, first, the 
 
 Seventy-First Regiment — Highland Light Infantry. After a career of 
 exceptional brilliancy from the time of its organization in 1777, as Lord 
 MacLeod's Highlanders, this regiment rested in Ireland for three years' before 
 1824, when it embarked at Cork for Canada. It landed at Quebec, where the 
 establishment was augmented from eight to ten companies (six service and four 
 depot) and where headquarters were fixed. Companies were stationed at Sorel and 
 Ihree Rivers. In 1827 the headquarters were removed to Montreal, and 
 remaining there one year, were transferred to ':ingston in 1828, and to Toronto in 
 1829, that city being then known as York. From Toronto headquarters, one 
 company was stationed at Niagara, one at Amherstburg, one at Penetanguishene, 
 and a small number of men occupied the naval port at Grand River, Lake Erie! 
 occupying these stations for about t" ■ years. Sir Gordon Drummond was then 
 colonel of the regiment, and was succeeded by Major-General Sir Colin Hackett. 
 In 1 83 1 the regiment moved to Quebec and embarked for Bermuda. Passing 
 thence to Britain and thence to Ireland, the six service companies embarked again 
 from Cork to Canada in 1838. In 1840 the six service companies were at St. John 
 New Brunswick, whence they went to Montreal in 1842, where thev were joined by 
 the reserve companies of the regiment, under Lieut.-Colonel James England, the 
 SIX service con oanies being under the command of Major William Denny, who 
 upon the arrival of Lieut.-Colonel England, took command of the reserve companies 
 and took up quarters at Chambly. The service companies, now forming the ist 
 battalion of the regiment, left almost immediately afterwards for the West Indies 
 leaving the reserv- companies, or 2nd battalion, at Chamblv. The movements of 
 Major Denny's command were frequent. In 1845 the headquarters and three 
 companies were removed to Kingston; in 1846 from Kingston to La Prairie; in 
 
 19 
 
847 rom La Pra.ne to Chambly; same year from Clambly to St. John, N H. ; in 
 
 m .852 to K.ngston, where L.eut.-Colond Sir Hew Dalrymple. Bart., who had 
 been .n command, retired from the service, and was succeeded by Lieut'colonel 
 Nathan.el Massey Stack. In .854 the battahon in Canada returnee to gI 
 Britain, and took part in the Crimean War. 
 
 The Seventy-Third Regiment was stationed in Nova Scotia in .838. remaining 
 in garrison until 1841, when it was withdrawn. remainin^ 
 
 The 74th Highlanders-whose distinguished services are second to none- 
 embarked at Cork for Halifax in ,818. Companies were stationed at St. John's 
 
 ^redencton. KB. In .823 headquarters were removed to Halifax, remaining until 
 
 re L In 8.rr'" '"''"'^' '"^ ^^^'"^'^^' ^^^"^^ '" '^30 it reached 
 Ireland. In 1841 it was once more stationed in Canada, with headquarters at 
 
 Brhairin rr • r' ^8^ I'r- '' "''-'' ^ ^^^^^ '-^'^ -- '«44. and ;:f f 
 
 The Seventy-Eighth Highlanders.-That so distinguished a Highland regiment 
 as the 78th. Ross-shire Buffs, should receive a most corcHal welcome to Canada Z 
 the enuuisiastic Scottish clansmen, is only what might have been taken for g an ^T 
 The patriotic yea, the old national feeling was fairly roused. The regiment unde 
 the command of Lieut -Colonel Alexander Mackenzie, of Belmaduth^y, arHved 
 Montrea from Gibraltar in July, 1867. A course of musketrv instruction was taken 
 at Chan,b y and work was put on the fortifications at Quebec. An event of interest 
 •n t e „,,, ,,3.ory of Canada and of the regiment took place on the 30th I^ 
 .868 when new colours were presented to it on the Champ de Mars. Montreal 
 rhe o d colours bore the stain and tatters of many a hard-fought field, in which the 
 fate of the day was not seldom sealed by the bravery of the Regiment and e new 
 colours did not take their place in succession without due homage and ce emonT 
 
 speaCi^^'ThT ;'^ r'r V^'^ '^'"''^"^ '" ''^ Presence'of ten thoZd 
 spectators. The Rev. Joshua Fraser offered the consecration prayer after which 
 U.e colours were handed over to Ensigns Waugh and Fordyc'e. Tie^ Generd 
 W ndhan. the Comman er-,n-Chief, addressed the regiment in terms of the highe 
 .ndw-.l. , ^ Highlanders, he said, had always conducted themselves bravely 
 
 tTere^t:;:'^ In^M ■ ■ 8^ ^^f ^"'°"- ^ ^''' ^^" " ^'"^^-^"- ^^^^^ire. to bl 
 here preserved. In May, ,869, the regiment left Montreal for Halifax Before 
 
 leaving Montreal an address, couched in complimentary terms, was presented to th 
 regiment by the St. Andrews Society, of Montreal. The regiment remained in 
 Nova Scotia uiuil ,871, companies doing duty regularly at Str John. N.B and 1 
 November of that year it embarked for Britain. ^ . - ana in 
 
 20 
 
The Seventy-Ninth, Cameron Highlanders. Hmbodied in ,793. the Cameron 
 H.^^hlanders. when ,t arrived in Canada in ..S25. had already a long and distin- 
 guished career behuul it.- the glories of Waterloo, immortalized bv Jivron • 
 " And wild and high the ' Cameron's Gathering ' rose, 
 The war-note of Lochiel, which Albyn's hills 
 Have heard, and heard too, have her Saxon foes :— 
 How in the noon of night that pibroch thrills 
 Savage and shrill ! But with the breath that fills 
 Their mountain pipe, so fill the mountaineers 
 With the fierce native daring which instils 
 r he stirring memory of a thousand years 
 And Evan's Donald's fame rings in each clansman's ears." 
 
 Dr. A. Anderson, regiment.! surgeon, tells that in 1809 "the 79th did what no 
 other regiment d.d. In January of that year they were in Spain at the B^tt^e of 
 Corunna and returned to Britain in February, when 700 men and several officers 
 suffered from a dangerous typhus fever, yet not a man died. In July they embarled 
 100. bayonets for Walcheren, were engage during the whole siege' of Flu shin . n 
 he trenches, yet not a man wounded, and whilst there lost only one indiWdual n 
 fever Paymaster Baldock, the least expected of any one. During the thr e mo t " 
 after the.r return to Britain, only ten men died, and in December ^f that rnryea 
 sTutio'" . ' ':\ t '''"'"^'^' '°^^ "^°"^^-" ^^- -'^h such imperv bus co" 
 
 & ■ 
 
 In the spring of ,825 the 79th embarked at Cork for Canada under command 
 of Colonel S.r Ned Douglas. Headquarters were fixed at Quebec wheT the 
 regiment remamedu,uil ,828, wh. n they removed to Montreal. b„ the a.m versl 
 o Waterloo the ,8th of June. 1828. the regiment was presented with new co^rs 
 at Montreal, the gift of Lieut.-General Sir R. C Fereuson who h. ! 
 
 Lieut-Geneml ^.V Al,., r ■ 1 , , i^erguson, who had succeeded 
 
 i^ieut. ueneral ^ir Alan Cameron in the co one cv of the reaim^nf n^u 
 
 was performed by Lady Douglas, on ,he Cha.p'd: MtslThe Je,tTaTa"sI 
 concourse of people. In ,833 headquarters were removed to Quebec „her/,h' 
 regunen. was stationed during its further stay in Canada-until fsae Th'tt 
 was aga,n stat.oned a. Quebec from July. ,848, until August. .85,' when bef! e 
 leaving, the mayor and council in a letter addressed to 1 1>T„ r t \ u , , 
 able Lauderdale Maule bears testimony to thtrc'eli:,.™: u'.tfle' me"°7h: 
 officers and men erected in St. Andrews Church, a marble tablet to the mcn,ory„f 
 jhe^.,on-comnuss,„ned officers and men who died during the period ofTer^ rn 
 
 it. De?emb^e!"or:8^,'','"'' ^"''7''"' "t''"""'-'^'^^ ^^''^ "- -^-d .0 Canada 
 December of ,837, co-ncden. upon the rising of ,837, .hel-e. In January. tSjs! 
 
 21 
 
'mi 
 
 .Ik. renim.,,., i„ ,w„ divisi„„s. e,„l,:,rke,l Ht C„rk. ..ne under I.icu,.-C„l„„d I)„„<-a„ 
 
 united at lla.ifax. I)urm!« the troubles in r-i.vwl . tU • i . 
 
 r '^ ii«'uijiLs 111 i^an.ul.i the re<nmeiit had nnt an 
 
 en. „l the >u.r, 838. ,he compunies came together at Toronto, where 1 icut ■ 
 
 Co one: Spark took con„„a„d in .succession to l.ieu,..Colonel MacG egor. I s ay 
 8,8''un^^ -•™'if over ten years. It remained in Toronto from the beginn.W o'f 
 838 unt.l the ,7th June ,845. with the exception of one year-May, ,840 to May 
 
 .84.-when ,t was stationed at Drummondsyille, near Niagara Falls Ww",; 
 
 Toronto ,n ,84. an order from the Horse Guards pays a high tribute to its n orale 
 
 t t ms ""fr^'T "" "^"" "f," '''"^'■'""'"' '" ■^=" °f ""= Toronto of thLTr .' 
 It runs . h,s fine regiment still continues ,0 maintain its character for como-irative 
 sol,r,ety and good order amidst the <lis.,ipa,ion with which it appears to beZo nld 
 and that it ,s as remarkable for its splendid appearance in the field, and he T^c ' 
 
 i. M«, 1845. the 93rd proceeded to .Montreal, where it was joined by a part of the 
 re8,n,en, which had been stationed for several ntonths at Kingston. Abou avelr 
 was^ spent a. Montrea and nearly three in Quebec, when in ,848 it retun.edtsco" 
 land, later on to wm the undying glories of the Crimea and India 
 
 Fron. the ranks of these regiments Canada drew not a few citizens who have 
 distinguished themselves in every line of enterprise, in commer e fin! ice the 
 professions and m public life. Men who having the hardy training o .soldi" ' at 
 he s e ling character of their race, have done incalculable servke in layii . he 
 foundations of this young country and in building upon then, a s p", , ture ,f 
 which their descendants need not feel ashamed, ".structure 01 
 
 THE HIGHLAND COMPANIES, 
 
 .Some of the officers and men who came to Canada with the Hi.-hlmd 
 
 ew ZTii;' ::! 7'""'' '" ^"""V'""" '° *= ?="«'■"' -cationsof life';, e 
 ew land inste.td of accompany,ng their regiments back to the land of their f;-heis 
 
 advantage of Canada in connection with the militia of the country. Those with 
 strong Highland proclivities naturally favoured corps on the plan of the H ghland 
 regiments ,„ which they had served, even to the dress and mtme. Evid ,'ces 
 the act,v,.y are ,0 be met with a. Quebec, Montreal, Ottawa, Kingston, To o„o 
 
 'Iv had ha I °"' !,'"' ^°"'""- ?" ■ ^""^'^ "'''*'""^ Companies were formed, Z 
 Aey had had precedents to jo bv in the far past. One of the earliest is the 
 Highland Company which comi:„,.:-e,> the l,.:ft of the Queens Rangers, con,manded in 
 
 22 
 

 the Rcvoliiiionary War Ijy Colonel Simc.c. C.lonel Stephen Jarvis says of it : " I 
 was eye witness to a very brave exploit performed by the left division, the Hi;;hland 
 Company, under the command of Cajuain. afterwards Major-General /Kneas Shaw. 
 One of the Held pieces belonging to the Light Infantry had <r<,t fast in a quagniire. 
 and at la was abandoned by the artillery attached to it. The rebels gave a shout : 
 ' Huzza ! the cannon is our own,' and advanced to take possession when Captain 
 Shaw ordered his division to the right about, charged the enemy and brought off the 
 cannon, which was ever after attached to the regiment." 
 
 Highland Company of Montreal. The Highland sentiment so unmistakeably 
 traced mi the military life of Montreal, at an early date manifested itself in the 
 ^)rmation of a Highland Company which became a part of the Prince of Wales 
 Regiment. This regiment was the first which was formed under the Militia 
 Act of 1859, having been constituted on the 17th of November. 1S5Q, and 
 therefore, having the honour of being 
 named the " First Hattalion." Canadian 
 Militia, l^he regiment was formed of 
 companies which had been in existence 
 previously as independent rifle com- 
 panies of volunteers, The first of these 
 companies was organized on the 31st of 
 August, 1855, and the others between 
 that date and the 4th of April, 1857, 
 when the ninth company was formed. 
 'I wo and a half years later they were 
 united in a battalion. No. 7 Company 
 was raised on the i6th October. 1856. 
 and was authorized as a Highland Com- 
 pany. The command of the company 
 was entrusted to John Macpherson. a member of No. , Company, the first 
 lieutenant being George McGibbon. and the first ensign Feter Moir On the 
 enibod.ment of the battalion Captain John Macpherson continued in command of the 
 Highland Company, with Peter Moir as lieutenant. Duncan Macpherson as ensi.ni 
 and George Brown as supernumerary ensign. The dress was a green coat faced 
 with red and gold, tartan MacKenzie trousers, tartan shoulders "plaid, Hi-rhland 
 bonnet with ostrich plumes and red feather. The officers wore the dirk and 
 broadsword, and the piper, the full Highland costume, the kilt and its accoutrements 
 1 he members of the company were described, on the occasion of a visit to Portland 
 Maine, ,n 1858, as " thoroughly Scotch in features, spare and sharp, and in their 
 native tartan, like true followers of the Bruce." 
 
 In i860 the Commissioned Officers were: John Macpherson, Captain; Peter 
 Moir, Lieutenant ; George Brown, Ensign ; Alex. Graham Lindsay, Supernumerary 
 
 23 
 
 Officers of the Highland Companv of the 
 Prince of Walks Regi.ment, 1859. 
 
Kn.si<4ii. 
 
 Non-Conimissioned Offi 
 
 cers 
 
 I 
 
 c '.., Colour Ser^reaiu, lames Stenhouse • 
 
 SerKea,„s 1 h„„..s McWIIlia,,,. David Laurie. W. Cr Slack, Ja„,es Scot, oh,,' 
 V,ll„ck, Ja,nes R,clley; Corpora',: Walter McGrath, Murdoch McKen.ie, oh„ 
 
 ArctballM r ■ T'; "r'u," """"""' ^ '''P^^^ J""'- M-do„aId a„d 
 Archibald McGinnis ; Bugler, Ashley Cole. 
 
 M-ur..r^' p°'Tq ^' afterwards joined the 5th Royals, which later became the 5th 
 Battalion Royal Scots of Canada. ^ 
 
 THE TORONTO COMPANY OF HIGHLAND RIFLES. 
 
 Amonc,r the things around which military memories linger in Toronto is the 
 Company of Highland Rifles, at one time attached to the Queen's Own Rirtes The 
 veterans of to-day delight, as veterans only do. in reminiscences of the time when 
 they served in its ranks, and to them it is a source of regret that no adequate 
 account of it has been preserved. * 
 
 Withhi the scope of this work only a brief notice is permissible ; yet as a 
 company in which the Highland idea of soldiering was enthusiastically upheld and 
 exemplified, a short sketch is obviously in place in this volume . 
 
 The company was raised on the i8th of September, ',856. those chi»flv 
 instrumental in Its organization being: A. M. Smith, at onetime in the 93rd 
 Suthedand Highlanders .A. T. Fulton, merchant ; John Gardner, at one time in the 
 71st Highland Light Infantry; Robert Sutherland and Mr. R. H. Ramsav The 
 first officers were . A. M. Smith. Caputin; A. T. Fulton, Lieutentant ; John 
 Gardner Knsign ; Prancis McMannus Russell. Surgeon. It was then known as 
 No. 3 Independent Volunteer Rifle Co. of Toronto. When the independent 
 companies were formed into No. 2 Battalion Queens Own Rifles, the Highland 
 Company was designated No. 4 (Highland). At that time Captain A. M. Smith 
 was appointed Major in the Queens Own Rifles, and his place was taken in the 
 captaincy of the Highland Company by Lieutenant Fulton, Ensign Gardner 
 becoming Lieutenant, and John Sheddon. Ensign. This was in May i860 
 Captain Pulton is said by Mr. Chadwick to have been - a splendid drill, and aided 
 by the natural steadiness of the Highlanders, soon obtained a reputation for his 
 company which they ever afterwards maintained." In .863 Captain Fulton retired 
 and Lieutenant John Gardner was, on the 2, st August of that year, appointed to the 
 command of the company, with R. H. Ramsay as Lieutenant, and Donald Gibson as 
 Ln-sign. In ,S6o Captain (Gardner retired from active command and was succeeded 
 by Lieutenant Ramsay as Captain with I'nsign Gibsc. as Lieutenant, and Mr 
 Henry Scott as Ensign. These were the officers of the comi,any at the time of its 
 dissolution. 
 
 Although No. 4 of the Queen's Own Rirtes, at first, the company was, beincr 
 dressed in the ki t. always placed on the left of the line of the parade, and for this 
 reason the number was changed from 4 to 10, the latter number being the one by 
 which It IS familiar to the survivors of those connected with it. 
 
 24 
 
In .866Captam Gardner was associated with Captain Ramsay in the Fenian 
 
 nt m3"r •';;"• '"^^ ^■-"";-"^'^^l -' I^i^l^eway. It is related with pride how the 
 
 Highland R.f es was the Ia^:t ro retire from the field. Mr. Matheson. dru-^^nst 
 
 oronto. acted as comr..ny bugler that day, and when .he " retreat " was sounded he 
 
 d.d not uuerpret .t as a retire call. Some one from the ranks called out to Cantain 
 
 shoutlb tt^ U '''"'•' "'■" ^^''- ^'^^ °^^^^ ^^^ ^^"->^-' ^^ ^he idea'and 
 shouted back : If you say ,t aga.n Til cut you down with my sword. It's a charcre 
 
 cmridllTh , r'" ""' "'^"'""^ ^"' ^^°^^ -ho h.,d three or mo%e 
 
 no e Th ' " ""' ^^ "^'^'■^ "^ ^^^"^ -"h ^h°^^ ^ho had only one or 
 
 none. I he ammumt.on was nearly all spent. These are said to have been Cap.ain 
 Gainers orders : "We are now to charc.e. Steady n.en ! Go forward at the 
 
 ofte at ; J'"^/^^^^'^ ^] '^ °" P--'- You know how to do it. you've done U 
 often at dn 1. keep steady as you march on, but cheer for all youVe worth " The 
 
 shr:7. H:ri ^^'^^ """^ -^^^^^ " ^^^ ^'^^^'^ ^^^^ -^ ««^-^ -^^" ^-p --i 
 
 ettd " Th ", ' "T" ^""^^ "''^^ '^''' "^"^' ^''" • C^^"'^ y- -- ^he line has 
 
 panv retired A "". " '■""\^ '"''^ ^'^""^^^ "^>' ^^ ^'^^ reserve,"and the com- 
 pany retired. Among those wounded were John Whyte and Forbes McHardy 
 
 The co..pany lay at Stratford for some weeks, and there a photo.rraph was 
 taken of the company, with its officers in front, which is a n.uch cherished relic h 
 many homes now scattered over Canada and the United S.ates, for members o the 
 
 ot October. i86S the company disbanded because the Government refused to eruu 
 
 say that f, r the sake of uniformity the military authorities insisted upon the 
 
 and as the Highlanders were not permitted to wear the kilt, they declined 
 re-enrollment under the Militia Act of i868, and so became extinct 
 
 The members continued to meet at their old rendezvous, and not havin.r „ow 
 he bond of nM litary duty to keep them together, the idea occurred to someit tZ 
 H;: hSlt:^ L^V'^'"^^'^^^ ;-- a Scottish society. About ^::Z:[^Z 
 bro": 1 ?r "''°"''' '^'''' '"'' ^^'^''^^ ^'^^"' "^"^'- ^"'1 ^" amalgamation was 
 
 b ought about between it and the members of the Highland company, '^he combined 
 body being nan.ed the ''Caledonian Society of Toronto." includ hg HigW^^r n 
 ^^i:- VVT n^^^ (;aec „a,e "Caledonia." usually deri^^d f^om ■' Cc He 
 Z7i r ^Vk '""■'• '' " '"teresting to note that the society thus formed 
 slo Id, twenty-three years afterwards, in 189., have retained so lively a rlir ,' n 
 of the e.xper.ences associated with the old Highland Rides as to be amon ^ he n 
 
 :n:::*::g:;:iSr-^ -' '— ^--^ «^ ^^^ ^..h HighuuKj: ti:^;::s 
 
 The interesting list of the original members is as follows ■ the officers .s 
 already mentioned; Quarter-Master-Sergeant George Ocil, Col.-SergL^f r1:: 
 
 25 
 
Sutherhiiul, Ser*,rcHnts Robert Morrison unci James Gray, Corporals Robert Jaffray 
 and Win. Ramsay, Piper Donald MacRae, Biioler Win. Wallace, Privates Archie 
 McFarlane, Wm. Bansley, Alexander Barrie, Henry Braid, John Calver, William 
 Cos, Nicholas CL^nmin(,^ Andrew Flemino-, Peter Gardner, Geortje Gilchrist, 
 
 William Goldie, Georoe Gratton. Alexander Gray, 
 Allan Walker, Walter Wilson, Daniel Rose. James 
 Mowatt, John Atchison, Neil Johnston, Wm. G. 
 Kemp. Alexander Moodie, Malcolm Morrison, 
 Joseph McCieorsre, Wm. M George, Alaistair 
 MacDonakl Thomas Macintosh, Duncan Mac- 
 Kinnon, Alistair M. Oliphant, Henry McLeod, 
 Robert H. Ramsay, Adam Reid, David Ross, 
 Alexander Thoi burn, George Wills, James Wilson, 
 and Sam. Hutcheson. 
 
 The uniform was the same as that of the 
 93rd Sutherland Highhuulers, with the exception 
 of the feather bonnet — the glengarry being worn 
 — and the tunic, which was of green material with 
 red facings. 
 
 Another Highland company which was con- 
 nected with the Queen's Own Ritles, Toronto, was 
 "F " or No. 6 company of Whitby, h was incor- 
 porated with the Queen's Own on the formation 
 of the latter in i860. It does not appear to have 
 ever [)araded with the regiment although not 
 gazetted out until November, 1862. It is now No. i Company of the 34th regiment. 
 
 i ; 
 
 
 1 •■:• 
 
 ■4 ■ 
 
 ,t 
 
 "*i,isifii;. 
 
 ...."- 
 
 -,aw 
 
 
 n' ■ 
 
 , s 
 
 
 ' i 
 
 ^«; % 
 
 ■|,1 ' 
 
 P 
 
 -Jl • 
 
 
 P 
 
 
 ..•^:^C|W'- 
 
 1 
 
 
 Ai.EXANDKR M. Oliphant. 
 
 Pipe-Major, Hic;hland Rikles, 
 
 Toronto, 1865. 
 
 I 
 
 REGIMENTS WITH HIGHLAND FAVOURS. 
 
 The 5th Ikittalion " Royal Scots of Canada," Montreal, need merely be 
 mentioned. They were embodied in 1862, as the 5th Royals, with six companies. 
 They now wear full Highland uniform (kilts). The badge is the popular clan 
 badge, a boar's head, and the motto " Ne obliv'scaris," the same as those of the 
 91st Princess Louise's (Argyle and Sutherland Highlanders). 
 
 The 20lh, "Lome Ritles," Halton, under Lieut.-Colonel Allan, an enthusiastic 
 Highland soldier, wore tartan trews and diced btjnnets. Except the name, nothing 
 now remains to indicate the Highland influences which at one; time dominated it. 
 
 The 15th. "Argyle Light Infantry," Belleville, bears a Highland name, and as 
 a badge has the Campbell Boar's Head, with the motto, " Nulli secundus." 
 
 The 78tlj battalion, "Colchester. Hants and Pictou" headcjuarters, Truro, 
 Nova Scotia, has the title " Highlanders" after their designation, evidently in honor 
 
 26 
 
of the number 78th, thouji^h there should be no lack of <rood Highland material in 
 Pictou to fill the ranks of the regiment. 
 
 So with the 79th battalion, Shcfford, Waterloo, Quebec. The word "High- 
 landers " is used in the name, and more pronounced still are : 
 
 The 94th, "Victoria" battalion. "Argyll Highlanders," with headquarters at 
 Baddeck, Cape Breton, where men of Highland blood, aye and speech too, are 
 numerous, and the Celtic sentiment stronof. 
 
 A few years ago a few Highlanders in Hamilton, Out., headed by Mr. John 
 Niven Macdougall, made an effort to raise one or two Highland companies, which it 
 was proposed should be attached to the 13th Regiment. The object in view was 
 
 OKHtKRS AND NON-CoM. Ol FICERS HIGHLAND COMPANY, Q.O.R., 1868. 
 
 Capt. Rohert H. Ramsay. Pipe-Major A. W. Olipiiant. 
 
 Cou-Sergt. Robert Bain. Serueant Grassick. Lieit. Donald Gibson. 
 
 Ensign Henry Scott. Sergeant J. MacDonald. 
 
 maturing, it was thought favorably, when some unaccountable obstacle arose in 
 connection with the relation which the company should have to the 13th, and the 
 project was, for the time being, abandoned. But the money for the uniforms and 
 the men to wear them, were then available. 
 
 Recently the movement has been launched on a more ambitious plan. The 
 idea now is to organize a battalion, and the following gentlemen are acting as a 
 committee for the promoters :-Messrs. Colin MacLeod (chairman), George Upsdell, 
 H. Ward, J. Eves, J. Coombes, W. G. Reid, j. R. (iraham, and Dr. Gibson. It is 
 said that public feeling in Hamilton is strongly in favour of the formation of a 
 Highland regiment for that city, and no insuperable difficulty seems to stand in the 
 way of accomplishing their desire. 
 
 27 
 
 m 
 
PART II. 
 
 CHAPTER I 
 
 FORTY-EIGHTH HIGHLANDERS : FORMATION OF THE 
 
 REGIMENT. 
 
 HE 
 
 
 STEPS leacliii<r to the formation of the 4.Sth Highlanders 
 must, naturally, occupy an important place in this 
 
 brief sketch. The organization of such a reoiment 
 
 a militia corps mainly composed of Scotsmen, wearing the Highland 
 
 dress, and having a band of pipers- had been discussed occas?onal!y 
 
 for some years prior to 1891, when the idea took definite f(^rm 
 
 The existence of the 5th Royal Scots in Mpntreal was a constant 
 
 incentive to Toronto, and the visit of that corps to Toronto in 1884 
 
 stirred the desire for a like regiment there. In the Minutes of the 
 
 Toronto Gaelic Society for 1884, reference is made to a discussion 
 
 of the subject at a meeting of the society, when an enquiry was 
 
 ordered as to the cost of raising and equipping a Highland 
 
 regiment, but the subject does not appear to have been revived. A 
 
 few years later a proposal was made to form a uniformed corps in 
 
 connection with the Sons of Scotland Association, which, while it did not secure the 
 
 support necessary to carry •:t through, was the real stepping-stone to the larger 
 
 movement resulting in the formation of the 48th Highlanders. 
 
 Early in 1891 the question was taken up by Captain Wilbur Henderson and 
 Alexander Praser, and a meeting of Scotchmen was called by circular and 
 invitation to the various Scottish societies in Toronto, to convene at Tempe'rance 
 Hall, the meeting place of Burns' Camp, Sons of Scotland, Toronto The 
 announcement of the meeting was well received by the Scottish societi.'s and the 
 attendance was fairly representative of the Scottish community. Si.xteen of those 
 present agreed to sign a provisional roll, the first to sign his name being Mr. James 
 Henderson ; thus the nucleus of the regiment was formed. Mr. D. M. Robertson. 
 Barrister, acted as secretary of the meeting, keeping a record of the proceedings' 
 and Captain Henderson was asked to take charge of the informal enrolment of the 
 men. Some time having passed without further action, the Gaelic Society moved in 
 
 28 
 
 f 
 
th(Mn;itter, instructin(,Mt.s officers to co-operate with Messrs. Robertson, Henderson, 
 and I'raser. Acconlinj^jly, a meetiny^ of the officers was held on 31st May, 1891, at 
 Ardchronie. the residence of Mr. William Innes MacKenzie, president of the 
 society, and it was there aoreed to invite representatives of the St. Andrews, the 
 Caledonian, and the Sons of Scotland Societies to meet representatives of the Gaelic 
 Society at Oakville, Ont., on the 27th June, the occasion of the annual excursion of 
 the latter society, there to devise means for the furtherance of the movement. The 
 meeting at Oakville took place, but the attendance being small, Mr. Alexander 
 Fraser, the secretary of the Gaelic Society, was instructed to call another meeting 
 at the Queen's Hotel, Toronto, on an early day. Three days later, on the 30th 
 June, this meeting was held, and at that meeting the movement was formally 
 launched. 
 
 A full abstract of the Minutes of the Meeting will be interestincr ; 
 
 "FiR.ST MkETING Ol- THE STANDING COMMITTEE. 
 
 " Queen's Hotel, Toronto, 
 " 30th June, 1891. 
 ''Convened: In response to an invitation sent by the officers of the Gaelic Society 
 of Toronto to the officers of the St. Andrew's and Caledonian Societies, of Toronto, 
 and to the Grand Chief of the Sons of Scotland, the following gentlemen convened 
 at the Queen's Hotel, Toronto, on the above date, for the purpose of considering the 
 question of the formation of a Highland regiment (to wear the kilt) in Toronto, 
 viz : — From 
 
 " The St. Andrew's Society, Dr. Daniel Clark, President ; Dr. JaPies Thor- 
 burn, George Kennedy. LL.D., Secretary. 
 
 "The Caledonian Society, Messrs. Robert Swan, President, and William 
 Adamson, Secretary. 
 
 "The Gaelic Society, William Innes MacKenzie. President; John Cattanach 
 MacMillan, Donald M. Robertson, David Spence, and Alexander Fraser, S etary. 
 
 "The Sons of Scotland Association, Mr. J. M. Wingfield, J. P., Grand Chief. 
 
 "There were also present, Messrs. Hugh Miller, J.P., Wilbur Henderson, 
 Kenneth Miller and George MacKenzie. 
 
 "On the motion of Mr. William Adamson, Dr. Daniel Clark was appointed 
 chairman, and Mr. Alexander Fraser, secretary of the meeting. 
 
 I' At the request of the chairman, Mr. Fraser explai'Jied the object of the 
 meeting and then moved : 
 
 " That those present constitute themselves a standing committee, with power to 
 
 add to their number, for the purpose of bringing about the formation of a Highland 
 
 regmient m Toronto, the uniform of which would be after the pattern of a Highland 
 
 regiment mi the British army ; that in furtherance of this object steps be taken to 
 
 29 
 
 ~,Jl.m'i.-J^ i:iirAti!n!'' ^H^l'^'^ B' 
 
obtain the consent of the Government ; and, as far as [Hissible, to r.iise the money 
 necessary for preh"minary and regimental purposes. 
 
 "This resokition was unanimously carried, and the chairman declared the 
 meeting to be then one of the Standing Committee on the Highland regiment, and 
 asked that the officers of the committee be appointed. 
 
 " It was moved by Mr. Wm. Adamson. and seconded by Mr. Hugh Miller, J. P., 
 that Dr. Daniel Clark be chairman of the Standing Committee. This was 
 unanimously agreed to. 
 
 " It was moved by Dr. George Kennedy, and seconded by Mr. David Spence, 
 that Mr. Ale.xander Fraser be secretary of the committee Unanimously agreed to. 
 
 "On the motion of Mr. Ale.xander Fraser, it was decided to meet on call, to 
 consider what steps should be taken to obtain the consent of the Government •; and 
 in the interval, that members of committee should report to their respective societies, 
 asking their assistance in popularizing the movement with the citizens, and should in 
 other ways help it forward." 
 
 I'Vom this date the movement was pushed forward with great energy. Meet- 
 ings were scmietimes held daily but interest did not tlag, and in the brief period of 
 little more than one month, the Government's consent to the formation of the 
 regiment had been obtained. Not without much hard work, however. Immedi- 
 ately after the organization of the Standing Committee had been announced 
 communications from military men and from citizens were received warnin^r the 
 promoters against proceeding on account of the large expenditures and the heavy 
 responsibilities the project would involve. These warning notes were useful in 
 leailing the committee to adopt larger measures, and to lay a broader basis for their 
 plans than they might otherwise have done : but they had no discouraging effect, 
 nor did they shake the determination to bring the matter to a successful conclusion. 
 In preparing the estimates of the expenditure which the formation of the regiment 
 would entail the committee received valuable help from Lieu>:.-Colonel Hamilton, 
 Queen's Own Rilles, and from Ca{)lains John Bruce and J. I). Hay, of the Royal 
 Cirenadiers. 
 
 On the 3rd July, 1S91, the question of who should be offered the command of 
 the regiment, jirovidetl it should be established, was for the first time considered. 
 The secretary was able to state that he believed Captain John Irvine Davidson 
 would be available, and it was unanimously agreed to offer the comnnuid to Captain 
 Davitlson, whom failing, the same was to be offered to Mr. I). R. \\'ilkie. Hanker. 
 The committee appointed to vvait on Captain I )avidson in this matter consisted of 
 Messrs. I). M. Robertson, Ale.xander F'raser and Dr. Kennedy. Captain Henderson 
 was. at the same meeting, reciuested to call a meeting of the men who had been pro- 
 visit)nally enrolled, to whom Capt. Davidson's name would be submitted for approval. 
 The conin-.irtee reported at a meeting held on the 6th July that Capt. David.son 
 had accepted of the command, and the secretary was able to report at the same 
 
' 
 
 The Late Lif.itenant-Colonei. A. M. Cosby. 
 Commanded 48TH Highlanders from 1898 to 1900. 
 
niectiiij; promises of liberal financial support from many leadin-^- Scotsmen of whom 
 the followinjr, among others, havinj^- been the first to come forward, deserve to be 
 placed high on the .-oil of honour, viz.: Hon. Sir D. L. Macpherson, K. CM. G., Paul 
 Campbell. Hon. Senator John Macdonald, Hon. Senator Allan. Mr. I). R. Wilkie. 
 Mr. Frederick Wyld, Mr. John Kay, Mr. W. H. Beatty, Mr. Wm. Christie, Mr 
 Robert Jaffray, Mr. Donald McKay, Mr. J. K. Macdonald, Mr. J. L. Morrison, 
 Mr. Robert Swan, Mr. Wm. Mortimer Clark, Mr. Charles Walker, and Dr. Andrew 
 Smith. 
 
 At this time the chief difficulty appeared to be to secure the consent of the 
 Canadian Government to the proposal. The first deputation to the Government 
 consisted of Messrs. D. M. Robertson and Alexander Fraser. On the loth July 
 they reported the result of their visit to Ottawa. The Government refused to 
 sanction the formation of a new regiment on the ground of expense, and because 
 they had refused that year to add to the strength of the militia in the provinces of 
 Quebec and British Columbia. The Government consented to receive another 
 deputation but would hold out no ho[)e of success. The Senators and Members of 
 Parliament who actively assisted Messrs. Robertson and Fraser in their interview 
 were Senator G. W. Allan, Toronto; Senator Donald Macmillan, Alexandria; 
 Lieut-Colonel Roderick R. MacLennan, Glengarry; Hugh John Macdonald, 
 Winnipeg ; Arthur W. Ross, Lisgar ; Lieut. -Colonel Tyrwhitt, Simco- ; D' Alton 
 McCarthy, Simcoe ; G. H. Macdonell, Algoma ; Hon. G. A. Kirkpatrick, Kingston; 
 and Geo. Monteriff, Petrolia ; Senator Mclnnes, British Columbia; and Dr. B^ergin,' 
 M.P., Cornwall. Shortly after the first interview the Minister of Militia wrote stating 
 that the Government had not altered its view that a Highland regiment should not be 
 formed in Toronto, and in consenting to receive a deputation a second time, it must 
 be clearly understood that such consent was not to be taken as an encouragement to 
 persist in the movement. Doggedly the Standing Committee set about to'^overcome 
 the Government's objections. The city council of Toronto was approached and 
 passed a resolution in favour of the movement, and a deputation consisting of Messrs. 
 D M. Robertson, Alexander Fraser, and Frederick Wyld, visited Ottawa, on the 
 24th of July, to forward the cause. At Ottawa they were joined by Mayor Clarke 
 and Alderman Saunders, Toronto, who strongly urged the Government to yield to the 
 wishes of the Toronto Scots. At this interview Hon. Geo. E. Foster, the Minister 
 of Finance, manifested a deep interest in the proposed regiment, and stated that with 
 the consent of his colleagues he would remove the financial difficulty, whereupon the 
 other ministers present consented to sanction the formation of a Highland regiment 
 in Toronto, and Sir Adolphe Caron, Minister of Militia, at once gave formal 
 notification of this decision. The news was received in Toronto' with great 
 rejoicing, and satisfaction was felt in the Scottish settlements throughout^ the 
 Province of Ontario, for the plucky fight made at Ottawa had attracted the attention 
 of the press and of the country. 
 
 32 
 
 i 
 
The work of the Standing Committee now began in earnest, for the undertaking 
 to which they had pledged themselves was one of no small magnitude. Further 
 details, however, need scarcely be narrated here. The subscriptions to the 
 Regimental Fund were on a princely scale in many instances, and in many more 
 they were the small donations of patriotic enthusiasts. On the 6th August, 1891, 
 the Standing Committee was reorganized to stand as follows : 
 
 The Presidents and Secretaries of the Scottish Societies in Toronto, viz.: 
 
 St. Andrew's Society, Dr. Daniel Clark and Dr. George Kennedy ; Caledonian 
 Society, Messrs. Robert Swan and William Adamson ; Gaelic Society, Messrs. 
 William Innes MacKenzie and Alexander Fraser ; Sons of Scotland, Messrs.,]. M. 
 Wingfield and William Banks; Caithness Society, Alderman Geo. MacLean Rose; 
 Orkney and Shetland Society, Mr. Wm. Houston, M.A.; and 
 
 Messrs. Frederick Wyld, A. M. Cosby, D. M. Robertson, A. M. Smith, John I. 
 Davidson, D. R. Wilkie. Thos. McCracken, Hugh Miller, Robert Barron, James 
 Massie, J. K. Macdonald, Dr. Thorburn, John A. Currie, Dr. W. Theophilus 
 Stuart, Paul Campbell, George MacKenzie and J. Wilson Gray. 
 
 From this general committee sub-committees were apppointed, viz : 
 
 Regimental Committee, to decide upon the name of the regiment, the uniforms 
 to be worn, etc., consisting of Capt. John I. Davidson, Frederick Wyld, Dr. 
 Kennedy, D. M. Robertson, George MacKenzie, J. A. Currie and Alexander Fraser, 
 with Mr. Frederick Wyld as chairman. 
 
 Committee on ['inance, to arrange the details of collecting the necessary funds, 
 consisting of Messrs. Frederick Wyld, A. M. Cosby, Thos. McCracken, Paul 
 Campbell, J. A. Currie, Dr. W. T. Stuart, D. M. Robertson. Dr. Kennedy, Wm. 
 Adamson and Alexander Fra.ser, of which also Mr. Wyld was chairman. 
 
 The first meeting of the Regimental Committee was held on the nth of 
 August, 1 89 1, at ^vhich some important business was transacted. It was decided, 
 on the suggestion of Captain John I. Davidson, the commanding officer, designate, 
 that the name of the regiment be "The Queen's Highlanders," should permission be 
 obtained. Mr. Fraser submitted patterns of the following clan tartans from which to 
 choose one for the new regiment : — Cameron, Gordon, MacKenzie, Davidson, Mac- 
 donald, and Hunting Stuart, with a recommendation in favour of the Old Davidson 
 ta.-tan in honour of the first CO. of the regiment. Dr. Kennedy moved, seconded 
 by Mr. John A. Currie, that the Old Davidson tartan be adopted as the tartan of the 
 regiment, and this was unanimously agreed to. On the motion of Mr. Fraser the 
 motto " Dileas gu brath " was chosen, also a falcon's head, erased, as the regimental 
 crest. 
 
 Correspondence was opened with the Militia Department, Ottawa, with respect 
 to the number by which the regiment should be known, and the number of one of the 
 Highland regiments of the British army was suggested, but that suggestion could 
 not be acted upon, and there being a vacancy in the number 48. that number was 
 
 OJ 
 
'M 
 
 given to the regiment with the word "Highlanders" to designate it. the name 
 " Queen's Highlanders" not being considered available by the Department. 
 
 Among the first donations to the funds was one of five hundred dollars from 
 the Caledonian Society of Toronto, and the equivalent in money of seven stands of 
 pipes from the Gaelic Society of Toronto. 
 
 The regiment was gazetted on the i6th October, 1891, and Captain Davidson's 
 appointment as Lieut. -Colonel was gazetted (provisionally) on the 20th November, 
 1 89 1. The general committee, however, continued in existence till the 28th of 
 March, 1892, giving special attention to the finances of the org lization. A number 
 of the officers having then been selected, the Committee was dissolved, a few of the 
 more active members acting with the officers for a short time longer in financial 
 matters. 
 
 During the early part of the Fall the men were regularly drilled by Captain 
 Henderson, who in the latter part of October gave place to Captain J. C. Mac- 
 dougall. of the Royal School of Infantry, the latter having been appointed to act as 
 interim adjutant by the Major-General commanding the militia. 
 
 The General Order embodying the corps read as follows : 
 
 Militia Genkral Orders. 
 
 Headquarters. Ottawa, i6fh October, 1891. 
 
 General Orders 19. 
 
 No. 4. Increase of Hstablishment of Active Militia. 
 
 Authority having been granted for the raising in the City of Toronto of eight 
 companies of Active Militia of the strength of 42 non-commissioned officers and 
 men per company, to be formed into a battalion wearing the Highland Dress the 
 Deputy Adjutant-General of Military District No. 2 will submit service rolls of 
 those persons volunteering for service in those companies. 
 
 By Command, 
 
 Walker Powell, Colonel. 
 
 Adjutant-General of Militia, Canada. 
 
 Acting on this order, the men were sworn in by Lieut.-Colonel Otter, D.A.G., 
 in St. Andrew's Hall, Toronto, on the 22nd of October, 1891, when 152 men 
 signed the roll and were taken on the strength of the regiment. The oath of 
 service was taken on a Gaelic Bible furn^hed by the writer, which he values as a 
 memento of an interesting and historic ceremony. The regiment having been thus 
 formed, took up quarters in the vacated buildings of Upper Canada College, King 
 Street west, where, until the occupancy of the new Armories in 1894, it found a 
 convenient and a comfortable home. 
 
 34 
 
 ( 1 
 
 i =S 
 
Following are the names of the men who joined the regiment in 189 1-2 and 
 were on its first pay roll in the summer of 1892. The Regimental numbers indicate 
 priority of enlistment. : — 
 
 "A" Company — No. i Private J. R. Graham, 2 J. W. Grant, 3 R. VV. 
 Emslie, 4 R. McNeill, 5 N. D. Shaw, 6 Jas. Barrie, 7 Duncan MacKinnon, 8 
 Piper Robert Drummond, 9 Private A. G. Robertson, 10 Geo. Simpson, 11 J. I). 
 Henderson, 12 G. A. Harris, 13 E. T. Wilson, 14 J. A. Milne, 15 W. Lamont, 
 16 J. Blackball, 17 A. Henderson, 18 A. McEachern, 19 F. Anderson, 20 J. 
 Tait, 21 J. Lawrence, 22 J. Davidson, 23 D. McEachern, 24 \V. H. Stewart. 
 25 W. Manson, 26 J. Graham, 190 G. Barlass, 202 William Harp, 205 S. F. 
 Carmichael, 206 John C. Hill, 207 John Shand, 209 W. Mcintosh, 211 Geo. 
 L. Bailey, 215 E. T. Adams, 218 James Coutts, 219 Geo. Docter, 234 R. '. Brown, 
 241 R. J. Henderson, 244 Bugler Chas. Macdonald, 245 Bugler E. F. Burnham, 
 257 Private D. Ross, 263 Private A. Mishaw, 264 D. McCutcheon, 265 W. 
 Fenning, 266 W. Robertson, 267 John Caskie, 268 Jas. Barritt. 269 A. W. Mishaw, 
 270 D. Mathieson, 293 H. L. MacKay, 326 D. A. Burgess, 341 A. W. Mack, 342 
 E. J. Fawke, 343 H. M. Dixon, 344 John Robertson, 345 Geo. W. Lee, 346 D- 
 Graham. 
 
 " B " Company— No. 27 Private E. Sutherland, 28 Victor Pattullo, 29 Jas. 
 Manson, 30 Wm. Milne, 31 Thos. S. Muir, 32 E. Cowper, 33 A. E. Bennett, 34 
 J. G. Macdonald, 35 Jas. McKay, 36 Jas. Florence, 57 David Scott, 38 A. Beattie, 
 39 A. M. Harper, 40 J. R. Fergusson, 41 John Langskill, 42 Hy. E. Beattie, 
 43 Donald Scott, 44 J. K. B. Turner, 45 Thos. Mills, 161 Piper Wm. Currie, 162 
 Private Wm. Brown, 163 R. E. Minister, 164 Jos. Crapper, 186 Wm. Bell, 213 I). 
 R. Hamblin, 214 Robert Ireland, 227 W. Florence, 231 John Hollinger, 246 Bugler 
 H. Illingworth, 258 Private A. Wilson, 259 W. H. Tovell, 314 J. Everett, 315 J. 
 W. Kirkness, 316 Jas. Tait. 
 
 " C " Company— No. 46 Private George Stewart, 47 Harold Mitchener, 48 R. 
 G. Ewing, 49 Jas. Forbes, 50 David Adam, 51 W. A. Pollock, 52 G. M. McBean, 
 53 Alex. Rose, 54 G. M. Rose, 55 Alex. Rose, 56 David Aitchison, 57 W. L. 
 Connell, 58 John McBain, 59 Robert Robertson, 60 Neil MacKinnon, 61 J. W. 
 Davidson, 62 J. R. Ross, 63 Geo. A. Cockburn, 64 George Robertson, 65 Robt. 
 Roger, 66 D. C. Petrie, 185 Andrew G. Ross, 187 R. J. McPherson, 188 Piper 
 Alexander McNaughton, 196 F. B. Linden, 197 Robert Somerville, 208 Frank 
 Ogilvie, 220 John Trenholm, 247 Bugler A. Munro, 251 Private W. Charlton, 253 
 J. C. Tisdale, 254 Geo. Garlic. 279 John McLean, 280 John O'Brien, 281 K. 
 Mclver, 317 H. Sheppard, 318 J. Young, 319 Thos. Allen, 320 Hy. Kerr, 321 Geo. 
 Booth, 328 Geo. Reid. 
 
 " D " Company— No. 67 Private Angus MacKay, 68 H. J. C. Smith, 69 G. B. 
 Hunter, 70 Jas. Gordon, 71 Daniel Sinclair, 72 John Ogilvie, 73 Jas. Spears, 74 
 Jas. A. Glendinning, 75 Geo. Webster, 76 Jas. Ogilvie, 77 Alex. Ogilvie, 78 Alfred 
 
 35 
 
Mackie, 153 A. Murdock. 154 Peter Smith, 155 K. H. Cromarty, 156 M. P. Mac- 
 Kay, 165 VV. Gilroy, 166 D. Alexander, 167 Wm. Fid^^e, 168 R. J. IJarthwick, 169 
 Jas. Miller. 170 John Kdwards, 17, Jas. Cook, 172 K. Martin, 173 Jas. Cameron. 
 1/4 Alex. Fiddes. 19. T. Drummond, 193 J. VV. Kin^s 199 Thos. Bennett, 200 
 John Reid, 203 T. Faulkner, 222 I'rank Aitken. 248 Bunder J. Chambers, 260 
 Private VV. Wilson. 271 (ieorjre Fraser. 272 Robert Fraser, 273 Gordon Smith, 274 
 W. Robinson. 276 J. Kddie, 277 VV. Gordon. 278 VV. Watts, 295 S. H. Dye, 324 
 A. Lnulsay, 325 T. San ford. 
 
 " E " Company— No. 79 Private G. T. Kyle, 80 David Rae, 81 Jas. I) Legjr 
 82 David Legg. 83 VV. C. Laing, 84 Wm. Bruce. 85 D. W. Smith, 86 Donald 
 Morrison, 87 Wm. Davidson, 88 James Rae, 89 James Craig, 90 R. Henderson, 91 
 J. Birnie, 92 T. Couloquoy, 93 Alex. McTavish, 94 Wm. Craig, 95 R. MacLennan, 
 96 Jas. Headridge, 97 D. S. Johnson, 175 Angus MacLeod. 176 Wm. Grant, 228 
 Jas. F. Macdonald. 233 Piper John Sharp, 235 Private R. VV. Crouch, 249 Bugler J. 
 Fiddes, 261 Private D. Marshall, 306 J. M. Ewing, 307 H. McKay. 30S George 
 Mowatt. 309 Wm. Barlow. 310 L. Hoskins, 311 J. N. Jeffrey. 312 J. A. Macpher- 
 son. 313 E. A. Lowndes, 323 F. W. Duncan. 
 
 " F " Company— No. 98 Private J. C. MacLellan, 99 J. Templeman. 100 G. VV. 
 Murray. 10 Alexander Cameron, 102 J. C. Hackland, 103 John Smeal, 104 C. 
 Home. 105 Andrew Fraser. 106 Arch. Stewart, 107 A. L. 'I'rueman, 108 D. VV^ 
 Batchelor, 109 G. Humphrey, no VV. A. Munro, iii John' MacKenzie. 157 Wm 
 Richardson, 158 Jos. Little, 159 Wm. J. Hamilton, 160 A. C. Munro. 177 A G 
 MacLean. 178 A. Robb. 189 R. Macdonald. 204 John Richardson. 221 Thos. 
 Douglas, 225 D. McConnell, 229 Jas. L. Anderson, 242 A. Kennedy, 243 D. \. 
 Macdonald, 250 Bugler \X. Brown. 262 Private (Amb.) J. A. Wilson, 294 Pipet^ 
 Fred. Riddell. 296 Private W. F. Jamieson. 297 G. Graham, 298 J. Adam, 299 
 Jas. Clunas. 300 Edward Major. 301 V. I). Cockburn, 302 VV. B. Reid. 303 W. 
 Wilson, 304 M. Gordon, 305 Ransbury. 
 
 •• G " Company No. 112 Private John Fraser. 113 A. C. Milne, 1 14 J. W. 
 Mathieson, 115 J. Macdonald, 116 A. Florence. 117 Chas. Low. nS Piper (ieorge 
 Murray. 119 Private T. F. Andrew. 120 Donald McArthur. 121 D. Woods, i.'2 R 
 
 McRae, 123 K. MacLeod, 124 VV. B. S. Coutts, 125 M. McBain, 126 VV. P. 
 
 Oldright, 127 M. T. Stewart, 128 Jas. Munro, 129 W. Sutherland, 130 VV. A. 
 
 Graham. 131 D. Sutherland, 132 G. Stewart, 192 G. McKelvie, 195 M. McRae, 2Ci 
 
 James Porter. 252 Bugler VV. Oldbury, 256 Private Hy. Libbey, 275 Bugler T. 
 
 Timpson, 322 James Hamilton, 329 J. Ale.xander, 330 W. Hall. 331 G. Marlborough 
 
 347 H. Murphy, 348 D. Turner. 
 
 " H '• Company— No. 133 Private Chas. MacKenzie. 134 Jos. W. Bruce, 135 
 
 Ben. Cameron, 136 Jos. Thompson, 137 George Thompson. 138 VV. L. Smellie, 139 
 
 Wm. Roy, 140 H. G. Brown, 141 Thos. Guthrie, 142 Geo. Patterson, 143 Geo. G. 
 
 Taylor. 144 John Dandie, 145 J. C. Stamm, 146 Hugh Rose, 147 T. H. Smellie, 
 
 / 
 
 • 1 
 
I4« John A. Nelson, 149 John Ci. Martin. 150 Adam Graham. 151 William 
 Clerihue, 179 John Mcintosh, 180 Magnus Sinclair, 181 C. H. Forster. 182 
 Wm. Stewart, 183 John Moore, 184 Edward Grant, 198 James Shaw, 210 F. 
 G. Mitchell, 216 Arthur McEvoy, 217 Andrew G. Frascr. 223 Lauchlan 
 MacNeil. 224 Chas. Johnston, 226 A. Berrill, 230 John MacLean, 232 Thomas 
 Reynolds. 236 Thos. Cavana^jh, 237 W. J. Bartram, 238 A. Smith, 239 H. McKay, 
 240 Chas. Cowie. 253 Wm. Johnston, 282 John Macdonald, 283 Fred. Yeomans, 
 284 H. Sutherland, 285 G. C. Hrown. 286 Jas. Ross. 287 1). J. MacKay. 288 D. J. 
 Proctor, 289 (ieo. Allan. 290 G. F. Robinson. 291 I). H. MacUougall. 292 W. 
 Hood, 350 A. Fawcett. 
 
 Hugie Band- No. 327 Private Jas. D. Thompson, S35 Bugler E. Robertson, 
 334 W. L. Smellie, 335 T. E. Cooper, 336 Alex. Anderson. ^37 J. H. Matheson. 
 33i^ F. Barnett. 339 H. H. Evans. 340 W. McKim. Ambulance No. 332 Private 
 J. D. McGill. 
 
 All of these men, up to No. 152, were sworn in at St. Andrew's Hall, by Lieut.- 
 Colonel Otter, on the 22nd (3ctober, 1891. From 152 to 350, the men came in 
 gradually until discontinuance of battalion parade on 27th May, 1892. when the first 
 strength of the regiment was returned. 
 
 37 
 
CHAPTER II. 
 
 THE REGIMENT ORGANIZED. 
 
 the spring of 1892 the regiment had emerged from its chrysalis, 
 and had the appearance of a completed organization. The 
 uniforms had been by this time received— modelled on that of 
 the Gordon Highlanders, and manufactured in Inverness, Scotland. 
 The strength of the battalion had reached about 350, and much 
 hard work had been put on drill. The first officers were :— 
 
 Staff. 
 
 Lieut.-Colonel Commanding, John Irvine Davidson. 
 Majors, Alfred Morgan Cosby, William Campbell Macdonald. 
 Surgeon, William Theophilus Stuart, M.D. ' 
 Assistant Surgeon, Alexander Anthony; Dame, M.D. 
 Chaplain, the Reverend Daniel James Macdonnell B D 
 Adjutants (Acting), Captain C. J. MacDougall, R.S.I. ; Captain Walter 
 Macdonald. 
 
 Quarter-Master, James Adams. 
 
 Company Officers. 
 
 Captains : Donald Murdoch Robertson. Dugald MacGillivray, Wilbur Hender- 
 son (Captain and Bt.-Major), William Hendrie, jr., John Allister Currie, Charles 
 Albert Hunter, John Forbes Michie, Richard Scougall Cassels. 
 
 Lieutenants: George MacLean Rose, Duncan Donald, Donald Hector 
 MacLean. William House Orchard, John Frederick Ramsay, Charles Alfred 
 Campbell, Tohn .tineas Thompson, Hugh Cameron MacLean. 
 
 LIEUT.-COLONEL DAVIDSON. 
 
 John Irvine Davidson was born on the 17th November, 1854, at Wartle, 
 Aberdeenshire. His father was Dr. Samuel Davidson, of Wartle. He was educated 
 at Aberdeen, and as a young man began his business career in London, England. 
 Coming to Canada shc-tly afterwards he rose rapidly in business, and besides 
 becoming the head of the firm of Davidson & Hay. merchants, he soon occupied 
 
 38 
 
 m 
 
c 
 
 other important business and public positions. He was president of the Board 
 of Trade 1890-91, was vice president of the Canadian Bank of Commerce, is 
 president of the St. Paul's Mining Company, and a director of several commer- 
 cial and financial institutions. His military career has been varied and uniformlv 
 successful. It began by a service of two and one-half years as a private in 
 the 7th Aberdeenshire Volunteers. He next served as a private for one and 
 one-half years in the London Scottish ; one year in the Uxbridge yeomanry, 
 and six years as lieutenant and captain in the loth Royal Grenadiers. He holds a 
 R.S.I, first-class certificate, and was formally confirmed in the command of the 48th 
 Highlanders on the 25th March, 1892. No happier choice could have been made. 
 His experience, his great capacity for work, his knowledge of human nature, 
 his judicious management, are qualities he possesses more than ordinarily, and from 
 which the organization of the regiment had every advantage. When he retired 
 from the command in 1898 he was made honorary Lieut.-Colonel of the regiment. 
 
 LIEUT.-COLONEL COSBY. 
 
 Alfred Morgan Cosby was Canadian born He was the eldest son of John 
 Cosby, of Pelham, County Welland, Ontario, and was born on the i ith September, 
 1838. He was educated in Toronto, and entered the service of the Bank 
 of Toronto in i86r. He was promoted to be manager of the branch of that 
 bank at Port Hope, and in 1876 became managing director of the London and 
 Ontario Investment Company, Toronto, a position he held until the year of his 
 death (1900). He was one of the chartered directors of the Gooderham & Worts 
 Company in 1882. He was a public-spirited citizen and among the institutions to 
 whose success he contributed were the Upper Canada Colleg- of which he was a 
 trustee ; the Toronto Conservatory of Music, of which he was honourary treasurer 
 He was also president of the Toronto Cricket Club, of the Canadian Cricket 
 Association, and of the St. Andrew's Society of Toronto. His connection with the 
 organization of the 48th Highlanders began early in August, 1891, and he joined 
 the regiment on its formation in the fall of that year as senior major. He had no 
 previous military experience, but obtained a first-class R.S.I, certificate after his 
 appointment. In everything connected with the regiment he took a leading part 
 On the retirement of Lieut. -Colonel Davidson, he succeeded to the command on 
 March r6th, 1898, and held office until his lamented death on the 12th May 1900 
 During his command the regiment maintained its high state of efficiency, and its 
 high place 111 public favour, and few memories will cling longer to those early days 
 than the appearance of the gallant Colonel and his two sons, one a captain and the 
 other a lieutenant in the same corps as they came and went on parade 
 
 39 
 
 •■^'^'^'•'"rii-tiin'rMiin.Titriti 
 
LIEUT.-COLONEL MACDONALD. 
 
 Commanding the 48TH Hi(;hlanders. 
 
 William Campbell Macdonald comes of good Highland stock, and has inherited 
 in no small degree the leading traits of the clans whose names he combines in his 
 own— the splendid supremacy of the Macdonalds— " dhaindeoin co theireadh e" 
 and the undying tenacity of the Campbells. His grandfather was Daniel 
 Macdonald. a native of Caithness-shire, who was engaged in business in Edinburgh 
 where his son Benjamin. Colonel Macdonald's father, was born. He came to 
 Canada with his family and settled in the township of Chinguacousy. Benjamin 
 Macdonald married Dorothy Campbell, and to them among others was born William 
 Campbell Macdonald. He has for many years occupied the important position of 
 Actuary to the Confederation Life Association of Toronto. 
 
 Lieut.-Colonel Macdonald enlisted in the Queen's Own Rifles in March 1878- 
 2nd Lieutenant. March 1881; Lieutenant, November, 1881; Captain, February' 
 1884. He served during the North-West Rebellion of 1885 as Captain of No 3 
 Service Co., Queen's Own Rifles; was appointed Adjutant of the Regiment in 1886 
 and continued to serve in that capacity, holding the rank of Captain, until trans- 
 ferred to the 48th Highlanders as Major upon the organization of he regiment, 
 February. 1892, and was gazetted Lieut.-Colonel Commanding the regiment June 8th.' 
 1900. He has .Iways taken an active interest in Militia affairs, particularly in matters 
 pertaining to the encouragement of rifle shooting, and for many years has been a 
 regular attendant at the rifle matches of the Ontario and Dominion Rifle Associa- 
 tions. He has been for years a member of the Council and also of the E.xecutive 
 Committee of the Dominion Rifle Association. Also a member of the Council and 
 Chairman of the Executive and Finance Committees of the Ontario Rifle Associa- 
 tion. He was a member of the Bisley Team in 1896. and served as Adjutant of 
 the Team in 1892. Since the organization of the Highlanders he has been Chairman 
 of the Regimental Rifle Committee and Captain of the Rifl° Teams He has 
 served on various occasions on the Staff of the Disfict Camps of Instruction at 
 Niagara in the several capacities of Instructor in Musketry, Brigade Major, and 
 Chief Staff Officer, and was acting in the latter capacity at the Divisional Camp at 
 Niagara this year when gazetted to the command of the re-iment. He is a vice- 
 president of the Canadian Military Institute. He holds first-class Royal School of 
 Infantry and Equitation Certificates. 
 
 Surgeon-Major Stuart, is the son of the Rev. James Stuart. Presbyterian 
 minister at Markham at the time of Dr. Stuart's birth. He was educated at 
 Brantford and Upper Canada College, and is a graduate of Trinity Medical College 
 and Toronto University. He holds the position of Professor of General and Prac- 
 tical Chemistry in Trinity Medical College, and of Anatomy and Chemistry at the 
 Royal College ot Dental Surgeons. Toronto. He holds certificates from the old 
 
 40 
 
^J. 
 
 
 k 
 
 Lieutenant-Colonel W. C. Macdonald. 
 Commanding 48TH Highlanders. 
 
 N 
 
 /• 
 
Military School, under Col. Denison, and an R.S.I, certificate for Equitation. He 
 was a member of the committee of citizens who formed the P'orty-Eighth, and joined 
 it as surgeon-major on its formation. He is an enthusiastic and progressive officer 
 of the regiment. 
 
 The Chaplains. — The Rev. Daniel James Macdonnell, B.D., the beloved 
 minister of St. Andrew's Church, Toronto, and the first Chaplain of the 48th High- 
 landers, was the son of the Rev. George Macdonnell, and was born at Bathurst, New 
 Brunswick. He was minister at Peterborough, Ont., before coming to St. Andrew's, 
 in which he spent the remainder of his life. His patriotism and interest in military 
 service had long been established, and in accepting the chaplaincy he brought strength 
 to the regiment at a time when his help was most needed and opportune. He 
 associated hir-'.self closely with the regiment, and not only when church parade 
 necessitated his special services, but on every convenient occasion did his deep 
 interest in the welfare of the corps show itself His death, in P'ebruary, 1896, left a 
 blank which was not filled until the appointment, in the fall of 1899, of Dr. Black. 
 
 Rev. Dr. Armstrong Black was his successor in the pastorate of St, Andrew's, 
 Toronto, as well as in the chaplaincy of the regiment. Dr. Black is a Scottish 
 Border man, born at New Castleton, Liddesdale. Though but recently settled in 
 Canada, he has entered with a true soldier's readiness and spirit on the duties of 
 his office, winning the esteem of officers and men, and exercising an influence 
 which makes for a high conception of the citizen soldier's duty. 
 
 Major Robertson. — Major Donald Murdoch Robeitson. was one of the band of 
 Scotchmen who witnessed the birth of the movement which resulted in the formation 
 of the 48th Highlanders. When officers were sel(iGtecl he was appointed senior 
 captain, provisionally, on February 19th, t892,,w>th confirmation on P'ebruary 29th, 
 1892. He qualified in the Royal School of I'Ttfantry, Toronto, with 2nd class and 
 1st class certificates, and a first for equitation. He was posted to "A" company, 
 and contiimed in that position, taking a lion's share of regimental committee 
 work, until his promotion to be junior major on 31st March, 1898. In June, 1900. 
 he assumed the position of senior major on the promotion of Major Macdonald to the 
 command of the regiment. Major Robertson is a native of Glengarry, Ont., a 
 Scotsman of the Scots, and a devoted citizen soldier. 
 
 Major Henderson. — Major Wilbur Henderson is of Canadian birth, of Scottish 
 parentage. He was born at the village of Brooklin, Ontario, Oct. 3rd, 1856. He 
 was educated at Brighton Grammar School and Upper Canada College. He joined 
 the 34th battalion as 2nd lieutenant on the 24th June, 1880, was captain in 1882, and 
 brevet-major March 3, 1892. He was one of the first to advocate the formation of 
 a Highland regiment in Toronto. He attended the very first meeting held in 
 connection with the movement, and since then until now he has been indefatigable in 
 the discharge of his duties. He joined the Forty-Eighth as captain of "H" company, 
 
 42 
 
holdinjr at that time a military school certificate. He attained brevet-majors rank in 
 the mil.t.a by service, on March 3, ,892, and takes the place of junior major of the 
 l^orty-Eighth m succession to Major Robertson 
 
 Major Orchard.— Major William House Orchard is a native of Devizes 
 Wiltshire. He served during 1866 and 1867 as a private in the 2nd Batt. Wiltshire 
 Regiment, and in 1868 and 1869 as a private in the 3rd or Prince of Wales Drao-oon 
 (guards, Imperial Army. He was for two years in the Montreal Engineers one'lear 
 as sergeant in the ,6th Batt.. about six years in the 4th Cavalry, Kingston as 
 cornet and lieutenant ; and captain and brevet-major in the i6th Battalion Infantry 
 He joined the Forty-Eighth May 13th, 1892, retiring from combative rank in 1898 
 and rejoining as quarter-master and honorary major at the same time He has 
 devoted great attention to the shooting practice of the regiment. 
 
 .., . tT ^^^ f"arch-out of the regiment took place on the 21st of April, ,892, from 
 Old Upper Canada College. Lieut.-Col. Davidson was in command, and the parade 
 mustered 250 officers and men. The regiment was formed into column of route and 
 headed by the pipers, marched on King, .York. Wellington and Church Streets 
 returning to barracks by King Street. The steadiness of the marching was very 
 gratifying, and was favorably commented upon by the officers of the other city 
 regiments, who were spectators of the march, while the delight of the populace was 
 expressed in enthusiastic cheering which was indulged in at various points of the route. 
 On the Sunday following, April 24th, the regiment paraded for the first time for 
 church service. The day was one long to be remembered in Toronto Public 
 enthusiasm rose to a high pitch. The day was fine, and more than 50,000 people 
 assembled in Queen's Park, where the regimei.t paraded, and along the line of march 
 By the kind permission of the lieut.-colonels commanding the Queen's Own Rifles 
 and the Royal Grenadiers, the bands of these corps were in attendance, in addition 
 to the pipe band under Pipe-Major Robert Ireland. The following notes made bv 
 the writer at the time are quoted in order to show the pride taken in ^he new re^i' 
 ment by the citizens and the unusual enthusiasm which their appearance in full 
 uniform evoked. 
 
 "As the regiment wheeled round into College Avenue, which was lined on both 
 sides with thousands of spectators, the crowd in the park closed behind them while 
 at all intersecting streets carriages of every description took up a .stand and it an 
 peared as if every available vehicle in the city was being utilized by sighiseers In 
 spite of the excitement attendant upon the occasion the regiment, which numbered 
 over 300 officers and men, made a very creditable appearance. A large proportion 
 ofthemenwere much above the medium height. 'A' Company, especially, being 
 composed of stalwart Scotchmen. The same can be said with almost equal j'ustness 
 of the other seven companies which form the battalion. When the pipers struck up 
 
 43 
 
the historic ' Bha mi air banais a'm baile lonaragha.' the men overlooking the point 
 conveyed in the time, lengthened step and strode proudly along, while the crowds 
 expressed their admiration." The service was held in St. Andrew's church. Rev. D. J. 
 Macdonnell, chaplain of the reginent, preached from the text, Joshua i., 9:— "Have 
 not I commanded thee ? Be strong and of good courage; be not afraid, neither be 
 thou dismayed, for the Lord thy God is with thee whithersoever thou goest." The 
 opening words of the address were: "You have come to the house of God to join for 
 the first time as a regiment in the worship of God, to seek His blessing and to listen 
 to His word. Your thoughts have been unavoidably occupied a good deal with the 
 externals that belong to church parade. Let me ask ■•' ,. *o (orgct these things for 
 a little and to open your hearts to the influences that c , n the unseen, whil<! I 
 
 Officers of 48TH Hii;hi.ani)ERs. May J4TH, 1900. 
 
 seek to utter the message contained in this portion of God's word. I speak to you 
 as one of yourselves, and desiring to be thoroughly identified with you in your work, 
 and to be of such service to you as I may as a minister of Jesus Christ, which, I take 
 it, is the duty of a chaplain of a regiment. What does your coming here to-day 
 mean? It means that you acknowledge God as your God, and the God of Vdiir 
 country. It means that you desire that His blessing may rest upon you as volunteers 
 in whatever duty may be assigned you. It means that you believe that God cares for 
 this land, that He has to do with the defence of Canada against whatever enemies 
 that may threaten it, and that in serving your country you are doing the will of God." 
 
 44 
 
 1^ 
 
 i 
 
 ( 
 
) 
 
 i 
 
 ( 
 
 Lieut.-Colond Davidson was in command. The staff officers were Majors 
 Cosby and Macdonald ; Captain Macdougall, Acting Adjutant ; Surgeons, W. T. 
 Stuart and A. A. Dame ; and Captain Walter Macdonald. The companies were 
 under the commands of Captains D. M. Robertson, Dugald MacGillivray, John 
 Allister Currie. J. Forbes Michie, R. S. Cassels, W. Hendrie, C. A. Hunter, Wilbur 
 Henderson ; Lieutenants D. H. MacLean, Geo. M. Rose, and Duncan Donald. 
 
 The first annual meeting of the officers was held on the 13th of May, under 
 very bright and promising auspices. To some of the officers the experience was 
 new, this being the first meeting of the kind they had ever attended, but to all the 
 welfare of the regiment was supreme and the future had no looming cloud on its 
 horizon, The committees struck and their chairman were : Ritle Committee, Major 
 Macdonald; Band Committee, Major Cosby; Mess Committee, Captain Hendrie; 
 Regimental Committee, Captain Robertson. 
 
 Queen's Birthday, 1892, was an eventful day in the history of the young 
 regiment. It has been usual on the 24th May for the Toronto regiments to make a 
 trip to some neighbouring city or town and spend the day in a pleasant outing and 
 military demonstration there. But the first anniversary of the Queen's birthday 
 since its organization was spent differently by the Forty-Eighth. They remained at 
 home and had the honour of receiving the gift of the Queen's and regimental 
 colours from the ladies of Toronto, at the hands of His Excellency Lord Stanley of 
 Preston, the Governor-General of Canada. The ceremony was most impressive, 
 and was witnessed by a vast concourse of citizens and people from neighbouring 
 towns who visited Toronto in order to be present on so interesting an occasion. The 
 1 hirteenth Battalion, of Hamilton, was present to take part in the proceedings. It 
 was commanded by Lieut.-Colonel the Hon. J. M. Gibson, and the regiment paraded 
 427 strong,— a neighbourly act by which was commenced a friendship between these 
 battalions which has been delightful and interesting to both. 
 
 The morning of the 24th dawned brighdy and the streets were alive with 
 people at an early hour. The Thirteenth Battalion arrived by steamer at about 
 half-past eight o'clock, and, forming on the Esplanade, marched by King Street to 
 Simcoe Street to meet the 48th Highlanders. Lieut.-Colonel Gibson was^upported 
 by the following officers : Major McLaren, Adjutant J. Stuart, Quarter Master J. J. 
 Mason, Surgeon Griffin, Assistant Surgeon Rennie, Chaplain Forneret, and the 
 company officers. The staff officers of the Forty-Eighth in attendance were : 
 Lieut.-Colonel Davidson. Major Cosby, Major Macdonald, Captain-Adjutants 
 Macdougall and Macdonald, Surgeons Stuart and Dame, Quarter-Master Adams 
 and Chaplain the Rev. D. J. Macdonnell. Column of route was formed, and the 
 battalion marched out. The Thirteenth received the Forty-Eighth for the first time 
 as comrades-in-arms with the band playing a selection of Highland music, and each 
 company of the Forty-Eighth as it passed the Thirteenth saluted the colours by 
 coming to the shoulder. When the Highlanders had passed, the Thirteenth took up 
 
 45 
 
 I 
 
Carl, „f Aui/g ur' ;:jt e„„r':r: "';"' °' '".^ 1""^' watch.-.. The 
 «rou,Kl.s, behincUhe Toronto ureS^; h^ ill " Tu '"=''' °" "^^' °" '=*''" 
 
 Comn,ittee which onrJiZ ,h. T "•"'"'"'"• *e members of the Citizens' 
 mental funds ad Zy lrl,e„S'„T''v " """"" °' -'"Hbutors to the regi- 
 l)ommion,an,„n.rtZ beZsIr n ;'''T?' r'.,""''' "^ Toronto but of the 
 Kirkpatrick. M.P ami Mrs Kirh, 7 ""',''"''>' '''"^'*=--^°". *<= »°"- ^eo. A. 
 C.M.'c:., Lien,.Col„:e,'Gn,::tt ^^''Cde;ick Wv^tr^' '^1 "^"'■-"' ^'•''■• 
 the rc,iment. Mr. Thomas McCracken ^Isure, m; A \ r^" '"'°""'""' "' 
 
 and Mrs. Fraser. Mr. Robert Swin M,^ W Ti '^'';''""'^" F'""'''-. secretary. 
 
 David Spence, Miss Spent and MissBeal:- M T^R Wiilf l^P'^T'"- 
 l-.eut..Colonel G. T. Deni.son. Dr. Wylie M P P Re^.' Y 1% ' Z '^^ '^'"'' 
 
 Wm. Can^bell, Mr.s^Cam beir^arH:; SaSir ^::cK':-f H^^r ' 
 
 ■ves :^™rs^;''us^::-- -j::^. - -.ey of 
 
 Lieut!c^l TrerT'/c ':S^u''''nr ''K^' ""^" '"= "™»nd of 
 Hendrie. of the ^.an;ilto^Ki■el:ttre;^as"orl; Offi^''^-''^^"^' """ '^''>""^" 
 
 After the general salute, the Governor-General nnH •;,..«■ • j . 
 
 reg.me„.s thoroughly, making a complete round of t Is ^h wh^t h' 
 
 laiulers were formed up in three side^ nf -. .^ r u ^'^^ ^■^'^'^- 
 
 colours. The drums L re n ed ' froL of T ''"T'7 ^' P"^^"''"^ ''- 
 
 The colour party consisted of [at ) H^'IT ^^"' ^^/.f ^"" "'"^^^^'■ 
 
 Colour-SerLreant Simoson ..r'T w ," ^^^^^^" ^"^ Duncan Donald, 
 
 ^*^''"t 'f P-^°"' ^^ Company, and Colour-Serjreant Alexander Rnc« f 
 
 A Company. Ma ors Coshv u,-,^ i\,t i 11 . «''''""■ -"Alexander Kose, of 
 
 respectively. •" ^ ^"^ Macdonald took post on the right and left 
 
 The ceremony was begun by the dedicatory prayer offered bv Rev D T Ai 
 donnell, chap an of ^he reo-impnf Jt r , r ^ "nerea by Kev. D. J. Mac- 
 
 God. we worship Thy r e« .™e Thtl" o" ""r^'V^'r^'' '"'"'°"'''' '--"= 
 a.K- the glory, al,d the Wet t; ^d the m e'tv i^ll ':hat' "h""" ""' "" ^^'' 
 Thine. Thme is the Kin<,Hom n I 7 In-^ '^ '" ''=''«>" "'"' «"-lh is 
 
 of the nations, we bles, Se for the l^ ,^ ''?" !" ""'""' ^'^^ =''"'- -• Lord 
 ;He blessings which hTve^tmet tr^::: tm l^^ ^^l ^Ve" bT ^T 
 
 r^^^:=:dr-rz?:r-*^.?"-"r 
 
 remaining years of her life mav be fill ^ P'-'^^'^ence. beseeching Thee that the 
 
 46 
 
 f 
 
over us. We commend to Thee Thy servants the Governor-General, the Liei-tenant- 
 Uovernor, arc! all judges and mao^istrates throughout the land. We pniy for I h\- 
 blessmg upon the whole body of the people. May we learn that the true greatness 
 and majesty of a nation is in loyalty to Thee and those in authority u.ider Thee 
 Our own arm cannot save us. but Thine arm and the light of Thy countenance: 
 We would go forward to our duty in Thy strength. Trusting in Thy guidance we 
 would be strong and of good courage. In the name of our God will we set up our 
 banners. Grant, we beseech Thee, O God. that these colours which we dedicate to 
 1 hee to be used m the service of this land, may never be unfurled in an unrighteous 
 cause, but ever and only in the cause of right and freedom and the weal of our 
 country. Grant that if Thy servants are called to fight in defence of their country 
 
 48TH HlCHLANPERS ON PaRADK AT ARMOI RIKS. 
 
 iSlAV .24TH, 1900. 
 
 that they may ever do so as good soldiers of Jesus Christ, seeking t.. maintain 
 consciences void of offence toward Thee and toward man. Give peace in our time. 
 O Lord, the peace that is based upon righteousness. Hasten the time when the 
 Prmce of Peace shall reign over all the earth, when men shall be bound together in 
 a brotherhood of all nations, and when wars shall cease unto the ends of the earth. 
 Hear us in these our prayers." 
 
 Major Cosby, on behalf of the ladies of Toronto who donated the colours, placed 
 the Queen's colour in the Governor-General's hands, and he in turn handed it to 
 Lieutenant McLean. Major Macdonald handed the regimental colour to Mrs. Henry 
 Keble Merritt, who was present as the representative of the lady donors of the 
 
 47 
 
 I . 
 
 f 
 
i 3 
 
 colours, and she gave it to the Governor General, who handed it over to Lieu- 
 tenant Donald. 
 
 The Governor-General, facing the regiment, then addressed them as follow£: : — 
 "Colonel Davidson, officers, non-commissioned officers and men of the P'orty-Eighth 
 Highlanders, — It has been the custor irom early time:; that every body of armed 
 men should carry with them some flag, eagle, or colour, which should represent at 
 once the authority under whom they are enrolled, and also to form a rallying point 
 either for attack or defence. Although modern warfare has lessened the use of 
 colours on the field, still they are not without a great value in encouraging that which 
 is best in the spirit of the regiment. These colours, presented by the ladies of 
 Toronto, I now commit to your charge as the representative of our Sovereign the 
 Queen. May they remind you of the loyalty which is due to her person and her 
 throne, a loyalty, which, I am sure, least of all will be forgotten on this day. And 
 may they also remind you of the duty which you owe to your regiment as loyal 
 soldiers and servants of the Crown. I trust that you may not have occasion to be 
 called out in active defence of your hearths and homes, but should it be so, remember 
 the inscription on these colours, the old motto of Scotland, ' Nemo me impune 
 laressit,' ( ' No one attacks me with impunity ') — a motto, let me say, as fitting for a 
 citizen soldiery as is, at home, the motto of the British volunteers, "Defence and not 
 Defiance.' But though you may not have the opportunity of displaying on active 
 service those qualities which make a good soldier, there are often in times of peace 
 occasions on which you can uphold the pride of your regiment and your determina- 
 tion to be an example to those with whom you serve and to those who come after 
 you. Cheerful and unquestioning obedience to orders, devotion and loyalty to the 
 Crown and the country, a determination to do your best in all circumstances, these 
 are some, though by no means all, of the qualities which we sum up as the highest 
 praise in the one word, soldierlike. I trust that every one of you, when he looks on 
 these colours, will determine to uphold the honour of his regiment, and that you will 
 at no time forget those who have been kind enough to do you honour as the ladies 
 of Toronto have done by presenting you with these colours this day. The 
 commencement of your regiment has shown a spirit of zeal and a power of organiza- 
 tion which does you the highest credit, and I am sure. Colonel Davidson, that I am 
 only paying you your due in saying that it is greatly owing to your own care, as well 
 as that of your officers, that this fine regiment appears to-day on parade although its 
 formation was consummated only something like six months ago. You form a body 
 of men who, I am able to say, would bear comparison with many fine regiments in 
 Her Majesty's service. I trust you will always do your best to ui)hold the character 
 of your regiment, to honour all officers and one anc.her, and to be tr e to the colours 
 which, in the Queen's name, I have now the honour to present to you." 
 
 In reply to his Excellency, Lieut. -Colonel Davidson said : " My Lord and ladies 
 of Toronto, — The regiment which I have the honour to represent must feel highly 
 
 4S 
 
Hattered by the d.st.ng .shed honcur you have conferred upon them by presenting 
 these colours. I trust we shall bear out the motto ' Dileas Gu Brath/ (' Faithful For 
 Kver. ) which we bear, towards you and Her Majesty the Oueen.whom we are pleased 
 to serve. *^ 
 
 T ^^'"'l"^ conclusion of the ceremony the bagpipe band struck up " Hi^rhland 
 Laddie, for the march past. His Excellency receiving the salute. The Highlanders 
 then lormed m line and saluted the colours. A march past by the brigade, and the 
 ceremony was at an end. The veteran officers present paid high tribute to the stead- 
 iness of the marchmg and the beauty of the movements of the new regiment 
 
 In tlie orderly room, after the parade, a pleasant function took place, when 
 Captam J. C. MacDougall, of the Royal School of Infantry, who from the formation 
 of the regnnent had acted as its adjutant and rendered valuable services to it was 
 made the recipient of a gold watch, suitably inscribed, from Lieut.-Colonel Davidson 
 and of a handsome gift from the officers on behalf of the recriment 
 
 In the evening the officers of the Thirteenth and the Fortv-Eighth were enter- 
 tamed at dinner by Lieut.-Colonel Davidson. Major Macdonald and Adjutant 
 Macdonald presided as president and vice-president of the officers' mess 
 
 In the course of embarking on the steamer for Hamilton that evening 
 a private in the 1 hirteenth missed his footing and fell into the water of the bay ai 
 Yonge Street wharf^ He would have been drowned but for the gallantry of Corporal 
 NIdls. ofthe Forty-Eighth, who. in uniform, plunged into the water and effected a 
 difficult rescue, winning thereby the Royal Humane Society's medal, which was pre- 
 sented to him on the i6th of September succeeding. 
 
 On the ,5th of June. 1892, the following District Memorandum was published 
 in orders : ^ 
 
 " From His Excellency the Governor-General. 
 To Major-General Herbert. C.B.. commanding the Canadian Militia- 
 
 Sir.-By direction of His Excellency the Governor-General. I have the honour 
 tQ convey to you the expression of His Excellency's approval of the arranrements 
 made for the inspection 01 .ue 13th and 48th Battalions at Toronto on the .1th ult 
 which were well and ably carried olit by Lieut.-Colonel Otter, T).AG who com- 
 manded the parade. 
 
 His Excellency is pleased to be able to state his appreciation of the appearance 
 and bearing of all ranks of both battalions. He remarked the steadiness under arms 
 of the I hirteenth. especially after the^ir early .start from Hamilton and their trying 
 mornings work. ' " 
 
 Having regard to the short time the 48th have been enrolled, he considered 
 there was evidence of great pains having been taken by all ranks to become efficient 
 and that the result was most creditable to all concerned. 
 
 (Signed) J. St. Auhvn, Major, 
 
 Military Secretary." 
 49 
 
On the lothofjuiie. 1.S92. Captain Walter Macclonald appe.-.rs in orders as 
 Actui^r Adjutant of the re<,Mnient, takinjr the place so well filled by Captain Mac- 
 doujrall from the month of October of the previous year. On the 25th of August. 
 1892. Captain Macdonald was gazetted Adjutant of the regiment. 
 
 On the 13th of August, '• C " Company, commanded by Captain Currie. obtained 
 permission to visit Collingwood. They were accompanied bv a number of men from 
 " (j " Company, under Captain Hunter. The officers and men received a most cor- 
 dial welcome from the citizens of Collingwood, who entertained them in Camp from 
 Saturday until the following Monday. 
 
 The fall drill for 1892 opened on the 9th of .September with a good attendance, 
 and the record is one of hard, steady work by all concerned during the season. The 
 approach of the cold weather is indicated by an order taking effect on the 14th of 
 October, that the regiment would parade in trews instead of in kilts as previously 
 From the 21st to the 28th of October, the Company inspection in connection with 
 the efficiency competition was held, and the results were very satisfactory to the reg- 
 iment. On the 29th of the same month the Annual Rifie- Match of the regiment 
 took place, at which an attractive programme and e.xcellent shooting were conib'.ned, 
 giving a foretaste of the honours the regiment was to win in days to come. 
 
 On the loth of November, the Thanksgiving manceuvres were arranged for. in 
 which the 48th was assigned an important part, but the inclemency of the weather 
 caused the sham fight to be called off 
 
 The courtesies so generally extended to the regiment by the officers of the 
 1 oronto Garrison were acknowledged by a smoking concert and supper, given by 
 the officers of the 48th to the garrison on the 8th of November, 1892. The invita- 
 tion was accompanied by the following card : 
 
 '•Wi' this ye'll ken ye're speired to crack and smoke 
 wi' us, and eat a bit haggis on Tuesday nicht, Novem- 
 ber, 8th, at half-past eight, at the Auld Upper Canada 
 College Buildins. 
 
 If ye canna come, dinna. bit let's ken." 
 
 The response was highly flattering, the senior officers of the garrison bein<r 
 present, including Lieut. -Colonel Otter, Lieut.-Colonel Gray, Lieut. -Colonel G T 
 Uenison, Lieut.-Colonel Dunn, Surgeon-Major Grass, r, the commanding officers of 
 city corps, and seventy-five other officers. Representing t!,e civilians, Mr. Frederick 
 Wyld. Chairman, and Mr. Alexander Fraser, Secretary of the Citizens' Committee 
 
 were guests 
 
 The officers' messroom had in the meantime been handsomely fitted up, Mrs 
 Davidson contributing largely to the furnishing. The quarters were commodious 
 
 50 
 
and comfortable, and pleasant recollections will always linjrer around the evenings 
 spent at the "Old Barracks" in the early days. 
 
 Theclosinjjr fnnction of 1892 was the presentation to Mr. Alexander Fraser of 
 a copy of a hook. " The Costume of the Clans." by John Sohieski Stolberjr Stuart 
 and Charles Edward Stuart, the reputed grandsons of Prince Charles lulward Stuart. 
 Ihe inscription e.xplains why the presentation was made: 
 
 " Presented to Alexander Fraser, Esq.. M.A.. by 
 the Officers of the 4«th Highlanders, in appreciation of 
 his assistance in the formation of the regiment. 
 
 On behalf of the Officers. 
 (Signed) John I. Davidson, Lieut.-Colonel, 
 
 Commanding the 48th Highland .s.' 
 Toronto. Dec. 23rd, 1892. 
 
 In making the presentation, Lieut.-Colonel Davidson referred to the part taken 
 by Mr. Fraser in the formation of the regiment. The officers, he said, had always 
 felt they ought to acknowledge his services in some appropriate way, and they had 
 decided it should take the form it had assumed, believing they had made a selection 
 congenial to Mr. Eraser's tastes as a Highland antiquarian. He hoped the gift 
 would be cherished as a precious heirloom, and that the bond between the recipient 
 and the regiment would not be terminated, by this acknowledgement, but strengthened 
 and renewed. 
 
 In the course of his reply, accepting the gift, Mr. Fraser stated that when the 
 authors of the book came to Scotland they were hospitably received by quite a num- 
 ber of the Scottish nobility and gentry as the decendants of the exiled Stuarts. Lord 
 Lovat. the chief of the clan FVaser, built a mansion for them on " F:ilean Aigais." 
 an island romantically situated on the River Glass, within sight of his (the .speaker's) 
 father's door. Here, amid surroundings perfectly familiar to him. the descendants of 
 Prince Charlie compiled the work which was now, through what happy thought he 
 knew not. presented to him. 
 
 5' 
 
I> 
 
 CHAPTER III. 
 
 DRILL AND DISCIPLINE. 
 
 IHE spring drill of 1893 was uneventful. The regiment upheld its 
 good name for efficiency, the ranks were well recruited by a 
 desirable class of young men, and the standard aimed at was placed 
 at a high mark. The record gives evidence of constant drilling 
 and of steady progress. 
 
 On the 7th of April Captain Macdonald resigned the position 
 of Adjutant, reverting to the retired list of Captains, to the great 
 regret of the officers and men, who appreciated his abilities and his 
 complete devotion to duty. Major Macdonald filled his position 
 temporarily. 
 
 On the 24th of May (Queen's Birthday) a return visit was made 
 to Hamilton, the Thirteenth Battalion having visited the Forty- 
 Eighth at Toronto on the occasion of the presentation of colours on 
 the Queen's Birthday of th<; previous vear. The re<riment 
 entrained at 8 a.m. and reached Hamilton earlv in the forenoon 
 under command of Lieut.-Colonel Davidso.,, with a full complement of officers ' The 
 day was an ideal one for an outing, and on the arrival of the Highlanders at .040 
 a.m. thousands of citizens were at the railway station to give them a "Hiohland" 
 welcome. The Thirteenth Battalion escorted the visitors to the Drill Hall where 
 after a brief .est, preparation for a street parade to Dundurn Park began The 
 parade started about half-past eleven and reached the park after less than half-an- 
 hours march. The "feu-de-joie " was fired, and luncheon was then served to the 
 men on the grounds. The Thirteenth and Forty-Eighth formed a brigade under 
 ..leut.-Coionel Gibson, and marched past the saluting point amid the cheers of the 
 assembled crowd. The trooping of the colours followed ; also physical drill and 
 bayonet exercise. When the military part of the proceedings were over, some 
 members of the Forty-Eighth gave exhibitions of the Highland dances, which aroused 
 the enthusiasm of the spectators to a high pitch. The citizens entered heartily into 
 the spirit of the occasion, and entertained officers and men and other visitors most 
 hospitably. Among those noticeable upon the grounds enjoying the sights was the 
 venerable Sheriff Archibald MacKellar, the veteran Highland^, dresled L tart!m 
 trews and vest and wearing a cockaded Glengarry bonnet. Officers and members of 
 the Gaelic Society of Hamilton, and other Scottish societies of the city, also acted 
 
 /. 
 
I> 
 
 as hosts, keeping oj en house for the day. A band concert and fireworks were held 
 m the e.en.ng, after which, at ii o'clock, the regiment paraded to che railway depot 
 tor their home journey. 
 
 In the Regimental Orders of the 26th May, 1893. the Commanding Officer 
 thus acknowledges the good work of the Regiment during this season :- 
 
 "The Officer Commanding the Regiment desires to express to the officers, non- 
 commissioned officers and men of the Battalion his appreciation of their strict 
 attention to duty, regularity in attendance at parade, and of the general interest 
 manifested by all ranks in the welfare of the Regiment during the past season's drill 
 and furthermore, wishes to acknowledge the general good conduct and estrit de 
 corps of the Battalion during the trip to Hamilton on the Queen's Birthday." 
 
 At the annual meeting of the officers this year the thanks of the Regiment were 
 placed on record to Mrs. Henry Keble Merritt and the ladies of Toronto for present- 
 ing die colours to the Regiment. Thanks were also tendered to D. Ritchie & Co.. 
 tor the Old Chum Tobacco" shooting trophy presented to the Regiment. These 
 were the standing committees for the year: Regimental, Captain Robertson, chair- 
 man, Captains MacGillivray and Michie. Rifle Committee, Major Macdonald. 
 chairman, Major Wilbur Henderson, and Lieutenant]. F. Ramsay. Band Committee, 
 Major Cosby, chairman. Captains Ca.sels and Currie. Mess Committee, Captain 
 riendne. chairman, Lieutenant D. H. McLean and Asst.-Surgeon Dame 
 
 At a meeting held on the 29th June i was agreed to hold Scotch games, under 
 the auspices of the Regiment, on the ,9th August following, the general manage- 
 ment of which would be undertaken by Chief Mackinnon, Hamilton. The event 
 passed off successfully. The conditions were favourable and the crowd of spectators 
 wa. very large. From a distance there came: Major R. R. MacLennan, M.P 
 Cornwall ; Captain A. F. Milliken, Cornwall ; G. M. Rose, Berlin ; Kenneth Robert- 
 son, Montreal ; L.eut.-Colonel Campbell. Milton ; Kenneth Chisholm. e.x-M P 
 Brampton; J. Murchison. Lucknow ; Lieutenant Weir, 37th Batt., Haldimand '; 
 Lieutenant Duncan, Hamilton Field Battery; Mr. William Hendrie, sr., Hamilton; 
 
 Wm r K^n "J". ;''^° ' ^'- ^- ^^^" ^°^' ^h'^by = J- Cameron, Woodbridge ; 
 Wm^ Campbell and A. Torrance, Markham ; Captain Tidswell. 13th Batt., Hamilton 
 A. U. Bra'thwaue, Hamilton ; Dr. Jackson. New York ; Chief Garlow. Burlington ; 
 Sergt-Major Williams. 36th Batt., Staff-Sergt. Mills. 13th Batt., Ian Mackenzie, 
 Hamilton. Among the Toronto citizens were: Lieut.-Governor and Mrs. Kirk- 
 patrick, L.eut -Co onel and Mrs. Davidson. Lieut.-Colonel and Mrs. Hamilton. Major 
 Wvlf M ^"'^^y;,^^^/"^ Mrs. W. Campbell Macdonald, Mr. and Mrs. Frederick 
 Wyld, Mr^and Mrs. W. S. Lee, Miss Lee. Mrs. and Miss Beatty, Mrs. R. Myles. 
 Mrs. and the Misses Taylor, Captain J. C. MacDougall, Captain Kirkpatrick. Surgeon 
 red W. Strange, Hon. Mr. Justice Ferguson. Lieut. Colonel and Mrs. G. T 
 Denison Mr^and Mrs. MacLean Howard, and Mr. and Mrs. MacLean, of Penny* 
 cross. Mull, Scotland, who were visiting Canada at the time. 
 
 53 
 
 Ml 
 
Durinc^r the afternoon the brass band of the Rejriment under Bandmaster 
 Griffin furnished a programme of music. 
 
 The programme of games was excellently composed. The numbers included 
 athletic events, and contests for bag-pipe music, dancing, military events, and tug-of- 
 war, and was divided into two parts, the first part being for professionals and the 
 second part for amateurs. The professionals included some of the best athletes on 
 the continent, and their performance was of a high order. The tug-of-war was 
 between a team of the Royal Grenadiers and the Highlanders (who pulled in kilts), 
 and, after an exciting contest, the Highlanders won. 
 
 In the evening the Gaelic Society of Toronto evinced its interest in the day's 
 proceedings by entertaining a large number of the visitors to a Highland entertain- 
 ment in Victoria Hall, where songs, dances, and music were indulged in, and on 
 adjournment a number of the judges and prize winners of the day was entertained to 
 supper at Webb's restaurant. Mr. John Caltanach MacMillan, president of the 
 society, occupied the chair, and Mr. Alexander Fraser, ist vice-president, acted as 
 croupier. A patriotic and appropriate toast list was honoured in true Highland 
 style. 
 
 In the regimental orders of the 13th September, 1893. Captain Dugald Mac- 
 GilHvray is appointed to be Acting Adjutant, Captain Duncan Donald taking over 
 the command of " H " Company, and on the 22nd of the same month authority is 
 given for the wearing of white shell jackets by sergeants. 
 
 On the 6th of October the strength of the various bands was : Brass Band, 
 Bandmaster Griffin and 32 bandsmen ; Bugle Band, Bugle-Major Robertson and 22 
 buglers; Pipe Band, Pipe-Major Robert Ireland and 11 pipers. 
 
 The battalion cross guns and crown, for the five highest scores in rifle practice 
 during the season, were won by Staff Sergeant Wm. Harp by a score of 320 points. 
 
 On the 13th of October Captain MacGillivray was gazetted Adjutant of the 
 regiment, and Captain Donald was confirmed in command of " B " Company. 
 
 On Thursday, the 23rd of November, the Thanksgiving Day manoeuvres took 
 place, and the P'orty-Eighth was brigaded with the Thirteenth and the Royal 
 Grenadiers, forming the attacking force in the sham fight at Lambton Mills. 
 
 Based on the percentage of drills performed during 1893 and average attend- 
 ances, the order of merit of the several companies was as follows : 
 
 " H " Co.- 88 per cent.; average, 382/{— Capt. and Bt. -Major Henderson 
 •■D"Co.— 70 " " - 
 
 •A" Co. 
 
 ' B " Co. 
 
 ' C " Co. 
 
 F " Co. 
 
 -76 
 
 -64 
 
 70 
 
 -74 
 
 "G" Co. -64 
 
 33/^-- Capt. Michie. 
 30 M — Capt. Robertson. 
 33.'<3— Capt. Donald. 
 261/^ — Capt. Currie. 
 25;'3 — Capt. Hendrie. 
 25^ — Capt. Cassels. 
 267,— Capt. Hunter. 
 
 54 
 
92 
 
 ii6 
 
 It is interesting to note the good standing of the various companies in the return 
 of comparative efficiency, 1893 '• 
 
 "A"Co. (Capt. Robertson) - - - . 91 
 " B " Co. (Capt. Donald) - - - - 80 
 " C " Co. (Capt. Currie) - - - - 89 
 
 "D"Co. (Capt. Michie) .... 86 
 " E " Co. (Capt. Cassels) .... 8514 
 " F " Co. (Capt. Hendrie) - - - - 8 13^ 
 "G" Co. (Capt. Hunter) 
 "H" Co. (Capt. and Bt.-Major Henderson) 
 At the annual meeting for 1894, held on the 29th of January, the review of the 
 work for the previous year was most gratifying. Substantial progress had been made 
 in every department of the regiment and the prospects were bright. The following 
 standing committee were elected for 1 894. Regimental Committee, Captains Robert''- 
 son and Macgillivray and Lieutenant Orchard ; Band Committee, Major Cosby and 
 Captains Michie and Hunter; RiHe Committee, Major Macdonald, Capt. and Bt.- 
 Major Henderson, and Lieutenant Ramsay ; Mess Committee, Captain Hendrie, Dr. 
 Dame and Lieutenant Mitchell. 
 
 Spring drill was taken up on March 30th, but hard work had been done with 
 recruits long before that date, in consequence of which the regiment made a good 
 showing from the first parade. The strength of the battalion was found to be in- 
 creased, and the regiment settled down to the routine of drill, determined to do well on 
 inspection day. White shell jackets were worn for the first time on the 20th of April, 
 1894, by the company sergeants, the bugle sergeant and pioneer sergeant, in drill 
 order. On the 27th of April, Lieutenant Orchard assumed command of " E" com- 
 pany, vice Captain Cassels retired. 
 
 A call having been made upon the Toronto regiments for assistance to the 
 "Volunteer Monument Fund,"— for defraying the cost of the monument erected in 
 Queen's Park to the memory of the volunteers who fell in the North- West rebellion 
 —the Forty-Eighth donated the collectio.i made at Divine Service on the 3rd of 
 May, for that purpose. 
 
 The regiment was by this time so well-established that Scotchmen and the people 
 generally in ()utlying towns were very desirous to have a visit from it on the Queen's 
 Birthday holidays. This year many invitations had been received, and that from 
 Woodstock, the centre of Oxford County, was accepted. The regin.ent paraded at 7. i 5 
 a.m. on the 24th of May, entrained at the Union Station and proceeded to Wood- 
 stock, where they were welcomed with the greatest enthusiasm by the military corps 
 and by the citizens. Proceeding to the park, manc-uvres were gone through, the 
 colour trooped, and afterwards various games were enjoyed. The Pipe Baiid was 
 the recipient of much praise from the people, many of them of Highland descent, 
 with the love for the music and traditions of the Highlands strong in them. A 
 
 55 
 
Ir ! 
 
 thoroughly enjoyable day was spent, every form of entertainment being suitable to 
 the occasion, and the trip will be long green in the memory of the officers and men 
 who participated in it. The conduct of the men. as always, was above reproach. 
 
 At the conclusion of the spring drill season Lieut.-Col. Davidson issued this 
 order: " The officer commanding desires to express his high appreciation of the 
 faithful work done throughout by all ranks. He, aLso, refers, with much satisfaction 
 to the parade on the 24th May, and the excellent conduct of the members of the 
 regiment on that occasion." 
 
 Mr. Charles Allen Hugh Maclean's appointment as lieutenant dates from the 
 i8th of May this year. His connection with the regiment being .somewhat excep- 
 tional. It may be briefly referred to. His father, Maclean of Pennycross, one of the 
 oldest cadet houses of the Clan Maclean, visited Canada in 18Q3. and was much 
 nnpressed with the excellent organization and efficiency of the 48th Hi^dilanders 
 The military traditions of his family coincided with a militarv career for his son, and 
 he decided that his preliminary training for the British Army should be throu-h the 
 torty-Kighth and the Canadian military schools. Accordingly. Mr Charles 
 Maclean came to Canada, and joined the Forty-Eighth on November 3rd 1893 as 
 second lieutenant provisionally. On February 20th. .894. his rank was confirmed 
 on a 1st Class R.S.I, certificate. He proceeded to the Royal Military College' 
 .Kingston, and took a brilliant course, qualifying for a commission in the British 
 Army, and received an appointment to the 2nd battalion of the Argyle and Suther- 
 land Highlanders, which regiment he joined in India. 
 
 The Annual Scottish Games, under the auspices of the regiment, were held on 
 theRosedale grounds on the ,5th September. 1894. The weather was unsettled 
 and the cloudy sky of the forenoon was uninviting. Consequently the number of 
 spectators was considerably less than that of the previous year. But the programme 
 was quite as interesting and enjoyable. Many prominent Scotchmen from places 
 outside of loronto were present, as on the previous occasion, and from the city there 
 was a fair representation. Major Macdonald was director of the proceediiu-s, and 
 was assisted in the Highland events-dress, dancing and bagpipe competitions- by 
 Mr. Alexander Praser. Toronto. A feature was a piobaireachd competition, in which 
 written essays on that music were handed in by the competitors, the prizes for which 
 were donated by the Gaelic Society of Toronto. While the financial succers was 
 not such as to encourage a continuance of Highland sports by the regiment— largely 
 because of the weather-every one present could but feel that excellent sport had 
 been provided, and that the regiment did itself credit by the excellent manner in 
 which all the arrangements were carried out. Major Macdonald, Captains Robert- 
 son, Hendrie and Michie were specially instrumental in carrying through the 
 arrangements for the day to a successful close. 
 
 The fall drill began early- on the 31st of Augu- -and continued without 
 interruption to the close of the season, on the 22nd of No. ember. 
 
 56 
 
 U 
 
An interesting ceremony which intervened was the unveiling of the statue of 
 Sir John A. Macdonald on the 13th of October, at which a voluntary parade from 
 the I'orty-Kiohth was permitted. A guard of honour was furnished, consisting of 
 100 officers and men. with the Band. Capt. and Bt.-Major Henderson was in 
 command, with Lieut. C. A. H. Maclean and 2nd Lieut. Campbell and 2nd Lieut. 
 Rainsbath (regimental colour). 
 
 Capt. Hunter resigned his company on the 2nd November, 1894, and was 
 succeeded in command by Lieut. J. F. Ramsay. 
 
 I hat year a beautiful shooting trophy was presented to the rein'ment by the 
 Caledonian Society of Toronto, in the form of a Border Tup's head, heavily mounted 
 tn silver, with snuff mull on top. The presentation was made by a deputation 
 consisting of Mr. William Simpson, president ; Capt. Robertson, vice-president • 
 Robert Barron, George Vair, VVm. Campbell and Alexander Fraser, members of the 
 committee. 
 
 With the fall of 1894 the three year term for which non-commissioned officers 
 and men had enlisted in 1891 came to an end, and it must have been gratifying 
 to the officers and friends of the regiment that few of the original members,— the 
 veterans, then retired. A "long service " badge was promised to those who '^^ould 
 re-enhst in the service of the regiment, and at the opening of the season of 1895 
 the number of those who won the badge was large. Physical drill bulked largely 
 in the duties of the regiment during the spring of 1895, and the routine work was 
 uneventful but highly satisfactory. 
 
 The standing committees for the year 1895, were :— Regimental : Major 
 Macdonald, Captain Michie, and Lieut. Scott ; Mess : Captain Donald, Dr. Dame 
 and Lieutenant H. C. MacLean ; Rifle : Major Macdonald, Major Henderson, and 
 Lieutenant Mitchell ; Band Committee, Major Cosby, Capt. Robertson, and Lieut. 
 Hamilton. Captain Orchard was appointed Musketry Instructor for the year. 
 
 Quarters having been assigned to the regiment in the new Armories, the old Upper 
 Canada College buildings were abandoned. Steps were taken to furnish the officers' 
 and the sergeants' mess in the Armories, where since 1895 the regiment has had 
 Its home, and where manjr- pleasant gatherings of friends oi the regiment have been 
 held. 
 
 The Queen's birthday. 1 895. was spent at Windsor, Ont. The invitation had been 
 most cordial, and although the journey was long and the visit extended, the parade 
 was a large one. This trip is probably the most notable made by the regiment on a 
 Queen's birthday outing. The journey was begun at nine o'clock p.m., on the 23rd 
 of May, by train from the Union Station. Early next day the regiment detrained at 
 Windsor, marched from the railway to the camping ground, outside the city 
 boundary, and camp was at once formed. It took but a short time to get the tents 
 pitched and to serve breakfast. The daily routine of the camp was : 6am 
 Reveille; 6.30 a.m., Guard Mounting; 8 a.m.. Break^ist ; 8.40 a.m., Sick Parade; 
 
 57 
 
 :l 
 
1 1 
 
 
 9 a.m., Orderly Room ; lo a.m., Forenoon Parade ; 12.30 p.m., Dinner ; 1.45 p m 
 Afternoon Parade ; 5 p.m.. Tea ; 6.30 p.m.. Guard Mounting; 7.30 pm Retreat' 
 10.30 p.m.. Tattoo, First Post; 11 p.m.. Last Post; 11. 15 p.m. Lights Out. The 
 commandn)g officer impressed upon all ranks the necessity for the maintenance of 
 disciplme and good behaviour, and the importance of upholding the reputation of the 
 regnnent on and off parade. His wishes were most thonnighly respected ; and it is 
 stated to be the fact that there was no reported absence from camp without leave 
 nor was there an instance of any breach of discipline. Camped as the regiment was 
 on the border of the 'nited States, with the attractions of the city of Detroit so 
 near, there was some apprehension as to a mishap, but none occurred. The men 
 
 48TH HiGHLANDER.S AT WaI.KKRVIM.K, ONTARIO, 1S95. 
 
 freely crossed the river to the American side, and they were most kindly received 
 by the citizens there. The St. Andrew's Society of Detroit not only sent a deputa- 
 tion to Camp, to welcome the regiment, but kept their rooms and hall open all day 
 long for the use of any Highlander who might choose to "drop in" for rest or 
 refreshment, and in the evenings Scottish entertainments were improvised for the 
 benefit of the visitors. The officers were feted by clubs, societies and bv individuals, 
 and on every side the hospitalities were unbounded. The camp continued on 
 Priday. Saturday, and Sunday, the regiment arriving home on Alonday morning. 
 On Friday atternoon a review was held in which regiments from neighbouring 
 counties took part. eg 
 
The concourse of people who witnessed the manctuvres was vast. Thousands 
 crossed from Detroit, and special trains ran from London and Chatham. People 
 travelled from points as far away as Kincardine. Lucknow, Stratford, and St. 
 Thomas, and from Scotch centres in the State of Michijran. It was a gala day. 
 and the evening was given over to public rejoicing. On Saturday the regiment 
 visited Walkerville, on the invitation of Mr. Hiram Walker, whose -/orks and ware- 
 houses were inspected. A photograph of the regiment was taken on the lawn in front 
 of the Company's offices. The officers and men were entertained at luncheon, and 
 the officers and a number of friends had a sail on the river in Mr. Walker's steam 
 yacht. On Sunday there was a parade for Divine Service, and in the evening camp 
 was struck and the regiment entrained for Toronto, concluding a trip, the pleasures 
 of which have been seldom equalled in connection with regimental holiday outings. 
 
 As an mstance of the interest taken in the regiment, an incident may be related. 
 An old man from a city in Michigan was observed to follow the movements of the 
 men with the keenest attention keeping always well to the front. When an 
 opportunity presented itself he said to one of the staff-sergeants : " I have not seen 
 Highland soldiers for many a long year, and I have come far to see your regiment. 
 The sight of the kilts, the sweet sound of the pipes and the sleeping memories which 
 they have awakened, have brought the tears I could not restrain from my eyes 
 to-day." Different, but equally characteristic, was an incident of the Woodstock 
 outing of the year before An aged piper, who wore a humane society's medal on 
 his breast for bravery, was much in demand for bagpipe music, outside the lines. 
 The saying "Probair' an aona phort" is a familiar one: here was a veritable instance. 
 Taking a breathing spell in a quiet corner, he was espied by a few cronies who insisted 
 that he should play to them another tune. " I'll do nothing of the kind; do you 
 think that I can endure to play all day long.?" emphatically declared the son of Tubal. 
 "Just another tune, only one more," pleaded the Zorra boy in a coaxing tone 
 suggestive of the mellifluent Gaelic. "Well, well, then, you must have your'' way," 
 said the vanquished piper, who, shouldering his pipes, played " A man's a man 
 for a' that," with great vigour. "O well," said the man from Zorra, speaking half 
 apologetically to a non-com. who was standing by, " he is not what you woi'd^call a 
 bad piper, now ; but he has only that one tune whatever." But the pipe, played 
 with a piper's pride, unconscious of the sly criticism. 
 
 The regimental orders issued after the Windsor Camp contain the following 
 paragraph : " The officer commanding the regiment cannot allow this occasion to 
 pass without expressing in the most unqualified terms his appreciation of the conduct 
 of the members of the regiment during the Windsor Camp period. The discipline 
 and esprit de corps exhibited by all ranks merits the highest commendation." 
 
 On the 30th of May. the 48th were called upon to furnish the guard of honour to 
 His Excellency the Earl of Aberdeen, Governor-General of Canada, on the occasion 
 of the laying of the foundation stone of the Foresters' Temple, Toronto, erected by 
 the Independent Order of Foresters. 
 
 59 
 
Piper MacSwaycd succeeded Mr. Robert Ireland as Pipe-Major of the regiment. 
 
 Fall drill commenced on the 30th of Aujijust. The recruit classes were well 
 attended and the drill for the season elicited the commendation of the Inspecting 
 Officers. Towards the end of the season the commanding officer authorized the 
 wearing of i Long Service Badge by all non commissioned officers and men (Staff 
 Sergeants e.\cei)ted) whose term of service had expired, and who had engaged for 
 a further term. The badge was of the following device : The Scottish Lion 
 Rampant, encircled by a tressure in red on a shield of yellow a/n inches broad ; to 
 be worn on the right arm, below the elbow, and immediately above the good 
 attendance badges. 
 
 The regimental best shot, winning the Gold Cross Guns and Crown this year, 
 was Lance Corporal H. Kerr, " C " Co. 
 
 The year 1 896 was begun by the appointment of the following Standing Com- 
 mittees : — Regimental : Major Macdonald, Captain Michie and Lieutenant Scott ; 
 Band : Major Cosby, Captain Robertson and Captain Hendrie ; Rifle : Major 
 Macdonald, Captain Orchard, and Lieutenant Mitchell ; Mess : Captain Donald, 
 Lieutenant Hamilton and Lieutenant Cosby. At the annual meeting of the officers, 
 Colonel Davidson suggested that shell jackets should be obtained for the regiment ; 
 also, that aa entertainment be given to those who had patronized the regiment by 
 subscribing to the funds. A committee composed of Major Cosby, Captain Robertson 
 and Captain Michie, was appointed to raise funds for the shell jackets, with power, if 
 successful, to purchase them. The committee succeeded beyond their expectations, 
 many of the ladies of Toronto being among the subscribers, and the shell jackets 
 were thus purchased soon after, and the regiment paraded in them on the 8th of May 
 following. 
 
 On the 27th of February, 1896, this tribute is met in Orders : " It is with regret 
 that the Commanding Officer draws attention to the loss the regiment has sustained 
 bv the death of the Chaplain, the Rev. D. J. Macdonnell, who has been enthusiasti- 
 cally identified with the regiment from its inception." 
 
 For the second time since its inception the regiment spent the Queen's birthday 
 at Hamilton, the guests of the Thirteenth Battalion. The regiment paraded nearly 
 450 strong on Saturday evening, the 23rd of May, 1896, and proceeded by train to 
 Hamilton, where, on arrival, they took up quarters inDundurnPark. They were quiedy, 
 but cordially received by the officers of theThirteenth and a few representative citizens. 
 Camp was continued over Sunday and Monday. On Sunday a church parade took 
 place, the Thirteenth, the Hamilton Field Battery, and the F'orty-Eighth taking part. 
 The brigade was commanded by Lieut.-Colonel Gibson, the senior officer present, 
 and numbered about 877 officers and men. Thereafter, the day was quietly spent, 
 and the rest was greatly enjoyed. On Monday a great field day was held at the 
 grounds of the Jockey Club, the feature being a sham battle. The Seventh Fusiliers, 
 of London, theThirteenth, the Thirty-Eighth, Brantford, the F'orty-Eighth, Toronto, 
 
 60 
 
and the Hamilton lMt;ld Battery took part. The opposing brijrades were : the at- 
 tackinjr force, under Lieut.-Colonel Moore, consistinjr of the Seventh Fusiliers under 
 Major Beattie, the Thirteenth under Major McLaren, and two guns of the Field 
 Battery under Lieutenant Alexander Duncan; and the defence, under Lieut.-Colonel 
 Davidson, consisting of the Forty-Eighth, Thirty-Eighth, and two guns from the 
 Field Battery, commanded by Major Hendrie. The movements were weU executed, 
 and the forces carried out the programme, which had been arranged in advance, with 
 gr(;at accuracy. After the sham fight, the I<"orty- Eighth trooped the colours, winning 
 the applause of the spectators. The evening was given over to a combined band 
 concert at Dundurn Park, but before its completion the rain began to fall in torrents 
 and the concert had to be stopped. This second visit was much enjoyed by the 
 officers and men, and the good-will and friendship 
 existing between the Forty-Eighth and the Thir- 
 teenth ever since the formation of the former was 
 deepened and strengthened. 
 
 With the Queen's Own Rifles and the Royal 
 Grenadiers, the Forty-Elighth paraded on Saturday, 
 June 27th, for the unveiling of the mom lent to the 
 North- West volunteers, in Queen's V a-k, Toronto, 
 and the turnout was large. 
 
 Out of a total possible of 150 marks in the 
 comparative efficiency of the companies, on June ist, 
 1896, the regimental average was 99.84, the highest 
 being 1 10. 10, made by " B " Company. 
 
 On the 28th of August, 1896, Captain Dugald 
 MacGillivray was gazetted Paymaster, with honorary 
 rank of Captain, and was succeeded in the Adjutancv 
 by Captain Duncan Donald, whose place was filleu 
 by Lieutenant H. C. Mac Lean, promoted to be 
 Captain. 
 
 Orderly-Sergeant Alexander Rose was pro- 
 moted on September 25th, 1896, to be Sergeant-Major, in the place of Alfred G. 
 Robertson, who had occupied that position since the organization of the battalion. 
 
 In the marching and firing competitions on the 10th of October, 1896. the Forty- 
 Eighth won the Gascoigne cup, with a score of 93 out of a possible 160 points, the 
 next in order of merit being the Royal Grenadiers, with 85 points. This success, in 
 a hard competition, in which eight veteran regfmental teams were engaged, brought 
 distinguished honour to the young regiment. Interest in the rifle practice rose to a 
 high pitch this Fall, and as one result a beautifully-mounted dirk was presented as a 
 trophy by John Wanless & Son; the conditions of contesting for it was left to the 
 commanding officer, who decided that the dirk should be regimental property, and 
 
 61 
 
 Alfred G. Robertson. 
 First Sergt.-Major of the Regiment. 
 
granted the privilege of wearing it, in lieu of that usually worn, to the officer com- 
 manding the company obtaining the first place in the Regiment at the Annual 
 Inspection. 
 
 The regimental drill was concluded on the 26th of November, Thanksgiving 
 Day, by a practice in field manteuvres. 
 
 The Standing Committees for 1897 were:- Regimental : Major Macdonald, 
 Captain Michie, and 2nd Lieutenant Harbottle ; Band Committee : Major Cosby, 
 Captains Robertson and Hendrie ; Ritle Committee : Major Macdonald, Lieutenant 
 Mitchell, and 2nd Lieutenant McDougall ; Mess Committee, Captain Donald, 
 Lieutenant Brooke, and 2nd Lieutenants Burnside and Cosby. 
 
 In the spring of this year (1897) the Regiment was equipped with Lee-F,nfield 
 
 rifles, and that arm was 
 used in the rifie practice 
 for the season. 
 
 An invitation from 
 the Thiriy-I^ighth Batt., 
 backed up enthusiastically 
 by the citizens, to spend 
 Queen's Birthday at Brant- 
 ford was accepted. The 
 regiment paraded on 
 .Saturday evening, the 
 22nd, at eight o'clock, and 
 took train to Brantford. 
 and camp continued unMl 
 the evening of the Mon- 
 day following. Oi. ar- ival 
 at Brantford, officers of 
 the Thirty-Eighth were in 
 attendance to extend a 
 welcome and to escort the regiment to the camp prepared beforediand by Captain 
 H. C. Mac! ean and his advance contingent. 
 
 An event which will go down in the annals of the Forty '^llghth Highlanders is 
 the victory of the regimental team at the Islington Royal Military Tournament. 
 The tournament, which is a military function of the highest importance, took place 
 in June, 1897, ^"^^^ ^ team from the Forty-Eigh'^h decided to cross the ocean to take 
 part. It was a bold venture, but Sergt. Williams ar ' his men felt confident that they 
 would win honour for the Regiment. Great public iuterest was aroused by the event. 
 The citizens of Toronto, the City Council, and the Ontario Government subscribed 
 handsomely to the fund required to cover the expenses of the trip. The ten 
 members of the team were : Sergt. -Instructor Williams, "H" Co., in command, Pte. 
 
 62 
 
 Winners of the Gascoicne Cii.\i.i.eni;k Ci p, 
 FOR Marchini; and Firinu, 1096. 
 
^ 
 
 o a 
 
 ■■Z <" 
 
 X 0. 
 
 09 
 
 CO o 
 
 H 2 
 
■n 
 
 Rankin and Pte. McCheyne. "A" Co., Pte. Campbell and Pte. Rac, "R" Co., Pte. 
 Wallbridge and Pte. DeLisle. "G"Co.. Pte. Stewart. I'te. |. MeLean and Pte. 
 VVasson, "H" Co. The team was accompanied hy Major Wilbur Henderson, 
 "H"Co. The contests were with bayonets, and thoiij^h the Hij^hlandens were in 
 e.xcellent form, few Canadians expected the victory would have been so complete and 
 glorious. The Hij>[hlanilers won in three contests, 
 
 I'irst event : The Colonial Individual Competition. Here four men were put 
 against four men. and the P'orty-Highth men engaged were Williams. Wasson. 
 McLean and Stewart. Their opponents were Australian volunteers, who had a 
 number of teams represented. They were all beaten by the Forty-Eighth men, the 
 result being : Stewart won first prize, Wasson 2nd. Williams defaulting to Stewart 
 (his pupil) in the third round. The winner in the Colonial event had to fight off 
 against the winner in the Regulars and in the Volunteers for the Championship of 
 tht Umpire. 
 
 Second event : — The Regulars and the London Volunteers fought individually, 
 and their first prize men had to fight with the Colonial's first prize men in the first 
 contest. The first prize man of the Regulars was Col.-Sergt. Daniels, West York- 
 shire Regiment, and of the London Volunteers, Pte. Bobbins. 12th Middlese.\. With 
 them Stewart had to fight. They drew for places and Stewart got the bye, leaving 
 the first bout for the championship to be between Daniels and Bobbins. Hut Hob- 
 bins defaulted and Daniels and Stewart fought, Stewart winning the championship. 
 
 Third event : — A special match contest between (i) mixed teams from the 
 London Regulars Brigaded Guards — 1st and 2nd Life Guards. Grenadier Guards, 
 Coldstream Guards and Scots Guards; (2) mixed teams from the different London 
 Volunteer Corps; (3) and the 48th Highlanders' team. The London Volunteer 
 Corps team and that of the Brigaded Guards fought first. Corporal Fencing- 
 Instructor E. Elliott was in charge of the Regulars and Pte. Hobbins of the 
 Volunteers. The Regulars won by 5 to 4 points. The Regulars then fought the 
 48th Highlanders' team, which was led by Sergt.- Instructor Williams, and the 48th 
 Highlanders defeated the Regulars by a score of 5 to 4 points, securing a hard won 
 victory. 
 
 Thus private George Stewart won the Championship, and Privates Rankin and 
 Wasson also did brilliant work, while Sergt. Williams discharged his duty most 
 creditably. Throughout military circles in Great Britain the success of the Canadian 
 -team was hailed as a sign of the growing importance of the premier colony, and 
 coming as it did. almost at the same time as the Queen's Jubilee celebration in 
 London, in which the Canadian contingent took a distinguished part, it obtained con- 
 siderable public attention. Canada was proud of her Highland soldiers. In Toronto 
 the news of Stewart's splendid victory was extremely well received. A Citizen's 
 Reception Committee was formed, and on the arrival home of the team it was met 
 on the train some distance from the city by a deputation of citizens and escorted in 
 
 

 FIELD AND STAFF OFFICERS OF THE 48TH HIGHLANDERS. 
 
 1. LlEL T.-L'OLONKI. \V. C. M.UDONAI.I), COMMANDING. 
 
 ,. Maior D. M. Kohertsov. .;. Rkv. Armstrono Black. D.P.. Ci.a.-i.ain. 
 
 4 Hon. Major \V. H. Ori iiarp, Quartermaster. 
 Surgeon-Major \Vn.uAM T. St.art, M.D. 6. Captain Dincan Donaio. Adj. tant. 
 
 7. SlRCEON-LlElTKNANT P. KlNtl SMITH, M.D. 
 
 y 
 
 |')i<»iM_'r:i|'i|H I'V Mr. l,\mtiif. 
 
I 
 
 triumph to Toronto. A military and civic parade was formed, and, amid the deafen- 
 ing cheers of thousands, a procession took place to the Queen's Park where purses 
 of gold, gold medals, and copies of an illuminated address of welcome were presented 
 to the members of the team. To this reception men and women travelled from 
 Hamilton and other places near the city, and some of these visitors, the members of 
 the Citizens' Committee and others were entertained at the Forty-Kighth Officers' 
 Mess after the proceedings had been concluded. Among those who had the honour 
 of being invited were : His Honour the Lieutenant-Governor of Ontario, the Mayor 
 of Toronto, the members of the City Council, the contributors to the team fund, the 
 
 officers of Stanley Barracks, R.C.D. and 
 R. R. C. I., officers of the city corps, 
 members of the Citizens' Committee, 
 Lieut.-Colonel R. R. MacLennan, M. P. 
 Lieut.-Colonel Moore, and a number of 
 officers from Hamilton, accompanied by 
 the famous band of the Thirteenth Batt., 
 joined in the welcome. 
 
 On the 22nd of June. 1897, Canada, 
 in common with other parts of Her 
 Majesty's dominions, expressed its joy 
 on the occasion of the Queen's Diamond 
 Jubilee. Toronto did nobly ; and a 
 feature of the day's celebration was a 
 grand military display. The Forty- 
 Eighth bore a conspicuous part in the 
 proceedings.— the street parade and in 
 the movements at the Exhibition 
 Grounds. 
 
 The regimental entertainment took 
 place on October 22nd, 1897, when an 
 immense success was attained. 
 
 In the marching and firing compe- 
 tition this Fall (1897) the second team 
 . "<" tlie Forty- I<:ighth took second place 
 
 with only four pomts below the winning team, and with a better score than last year 
 when they won first place. 
 
 The annual field manoiuvres took place on Thanksgiving Day, the 25th 
 of November, and in the work of the day the Forty-Eighth did ' their part 
 extremely well. 
 
 The spring of 1898 ushered in an event of more than usual importance to the 
 Forty-Eighth, viz.. the retirement under the service limit of its first Commanding 
 
 66 
 
 Private Geo. Stkwart. 
 
 Winner of the Individlal Bavonet Championship 
 
 OF THE British Empire. 1897. 
 
 w'-m. 
 
CAPTAINS OF THE 48TH HIGHLANDERS. 
 
 I. Capt. and Bt.-Major Wilbir Hknokkson. 2. Capt. William Hkndrik. 3. Capt. John A. Cirrik. 
 
 4. Capt. John K. Michik. 5. Capt. Hui;h C. MacLean. 
 6. Capt. Jambs H. Mitchkll. 7. Capt. Frank M. I'hrrv. 8. Capt. Charles A. Campbkll. 
 
 mmm 
 
Officer. Lieut. -Colonel Davidson. His retirement and appointment in his place of 
 Major A. M. Cosby are dated the i6th of March. The Regimental Orders following 
 that date contain the following farewell from l.ieut.-Colonel Davidson : — 
 
 " Lieut. -Colonel Davidson, in retiring from the command of the 48th High- 
 landers, desires to acknowledge the burden he is under to all those, both members of 
 the Regiment (especially to the Adjutant, Captain Donald) and otherwise, who since 
 
 the organization was authorized, have by 
 their united efforts and hearty co-opera- 
 tion enabled him to accomplish the task 
 allotted to him by the military authori- 
 ties, and without which his best efforts 
 must have been unavailing. The 
 officers, non-commissioned officers and 
 men who have by their untiring exer- 
 tions, unwearied support, and uniform 
 adherence to duty and discipline aided 
 him in bringing the Regiment up to the 
 high state of efficiency which it now 
 occupies, would he have bear in mind 
 that only in strict attention to duty, 
 engendering that esprit dc corps so 
 essential, can there be success, and it 
 rests with them to see that the same 
 self-sacrificing devotion to the interests 
 of the Regiment which has existed 
 since the beginning is maintained and 
 strengthened. 
 
 " Lieut.-Colonel Davidson bespeaks 
 for his successor a continuance of the 
 implicit confidence and support which 
 has been extended to him ; and with 
 these few admonitions and acknowledg- 
 ments he makes his farewell to the 48th 
 Highlanders with every expression of 
 gratitude for the past, well knowing they 
 will continue in the path which they 
 have carved out for themselves ; that 
 they will be loyal antl true sons of Canada and of the majestic Empire of which we 
 form a part ; worthy of the time-honoured uniform they wear, and of their motto, 
 ' Dileas Gu Brath '." 
 
 The splendid condition in which Lieut.-Colonel Davidson handed over the 
 l"\)rty- Eighth to his successor may be gathered from the following remarks by the 
 
 68 
 
 Sl:R(iT.-lNSTRIlTOIl Am-RKI) Wll.l.lAMS. 
 WiNNKR OK TIIK RAYONKr Cll AMlMONSHrl' ill- INDIA. 
 
 
 u 
 
I. 
 
 
 LIEUTENANTS OF THE 48TH HIGHLANDERS. 
 
 I. LiKLT. Norman W. Cosiiv. j. Liiur. Hariii.i> J. Krooki:. ,i. Likit. John T. M. Rirnsidk, 
 
 4. Lieut. Clm.in C. Harbotti.k. 5. Lim r. Hiiikkt Y. Hamilton. 
 
 6. LiKUT. Chari.ks Catto. 7. Lii:iT. Auiin r V. Tavi-or. 8. .>ni> I.iki t. O. I.. Hickkord. 
 
 ' 'it 
 
 PhntosrnpfaB )tj- Ur. lo'ondr. 
 
 r-tn-m'.itirn'iii Mir 
 
Inspector of Infantry at the time: "Physique, excellent; drill, very j^ood; clothing and 
 accoutrements, excellent ; arms, excellent ; books, excellent ; discipline, very good ; 
 general, a very efficient battalion, short in officers to the number of seven ; over- 
 strength in non-coms, and men ; an excellent band, with a very good bugle and 
 drum corps ; also efficient bearers and stretchers." 
 
 Lieut.-Colonel Davidson's connection with the forty-Eighth has been retained 
 as Honorary Lieut.-Colonel. 
 
 Lieut.-Colonel Cosby, who now assumed command of the regiment, was, as has 
 been stated previously, an active promoter of the regiment and an officer from the 
 beginning. He took a deep interest in everything pertaining to its welfare, a course 
 he pursued during the tenure of his command. The vacancy in the Majority, caused 
 by Major Macdonald's promotion to be senior Major, was filled by the a[)pointment 
 of Captain D. M. Robertson to be junior Major. 
 
 A regimental entertainment was held on the 15th of April, 1898, in the Grand 
 Opera House. At the Military Tournament held in the Armories siuiie month, the 
 Forty-Eighth took a fair share of the honours. 
 
 The Oueen's Birthday trip, this year, was to Gait, where a cordial welcome 
 awaited them. The manceuvres were the source of pleasure to a large number of 
 Scotsmen who travelled to see the Forty-F!ighth from the surrounding counties. 
 Train for Toronto was taken in the evening of the same day, the outing being briefer 
 than on any previous occasion 
 
 The impetus caused by the success at Islington to physical drill and bayonet ex- 
 ercise resulted in the formation of a large class, of which Sergt. Alf Williams was at 
 the beginning of fall drill this year appointed Sergeant Instructor of Gymnastics. 
 It is to be noted that the state of the parade shows excellent attendance at drill and 
 at the rifle practices this fall, The Thanksgiving Day manctuvres were held on the 
 24th of November, t\v- Thirteenth battalion taking part with the Toronto regiments. 
 The Forty-Eighth was brigaded with the Oueen's Own Rifles, under Lieut.-Colonel 
 Delamere, and acted their part very creditably in the field exercises of the day. 
 
 The retirement of Lieut.-Colonel Davidson was marked by the presentation to 
 him of three valuable pieces of sterling silver plate in the form of loving cups, from 
 the officers, non-coms., and men. The engravings were of chaste and beautiful de- 
 sign, the crest and motto of the Regiment being conspicuous. At the close of drill 
 parade the Regiment was drawn up, forming three sides of a square, and Lieut.- 
 Colonel Cosby made ti.r: presentation on behalf of the Highlanders, and alluded to the 
 personal popularity of Lieut.-Colonel Davidson, and to his indefatigable energy in 
 organizing and developing the Regiment. Honorary Lieut.-Colonel Davidson replied 
 in terms of deep feeling. Thereafter a reception was held in the officers' mess, at 
 which, among others, the following were present : Lady Kirkpatrick, Mrs. Cosby, 
 Mrs. Davidson, Mrs. Macdonald, Mr. Wyld, and Dr. Daniel Clark. 
 
 In Regimental Orders the following letter a[)peared : 
 
 70 
 
 ^^■ 
 
 r, . 
 
 } 
 
^6> 
 
 '1 • 
 
 ipr\^" "^ 
 
 •1- 
 
 SECOND LIEUTENANTS OF THE 48rH HIQHLANDERS. 
 
 I. R. M. M. Ti-MPi.i:. J. M. J. WooDHRiDiiic. ,i. C. \V. Dari.inc:. 
 
 4. Ai.KX. VV. MaiKknzik. 5. O, K. MiC.AW. 0. L. McR. Somkrville. 
 
 M 
 
" 1 3th Nov.. 1S9S. 
 My Dear Col. Cosby : 
 
 Would you kindly have conveyed to the officers, non-commissioned officers, and 
 men of the 48th Hijrhlanders, my deep iippreciation of their kind thoughtfulness in 
 presenting to me such a beautiful testimonial. I will ever cherish it in memory of six 
 happy years spent with the Regiment, and will hand it down to my family with pride. 
 
 Yours very truly, 
 
 John I. D.wiuson, 
 
 Hon. Lieut.-Colonel 48th Highlanders." 
 At the close of 1898, the condition of the Regiment was very gratifying. The 
 general officer commanding the Canadian militia had inspected them, and made this 
 flattering report : "General remarks 48th Highlanders; in excellent order. Re- 
 marks : IMiysique, excel- 
 lent; clothing and accout- 
 rements, very good; drill, 
 very good; books, very 
 good order; arms, excel- 
 lent; discipline, very 
 steady and quiet on 
 parade. General : a very 
 reliable and efficient bat- 
 talion ; complete in 
 officers, and somewhat 
 over strength in men ; 
 very keen and enthusiastic 
 in all duties ; an excellent 
 band, with a very good 
 bugle corps, as well as 
 pipers ; efficient bearer 
 and pioneer corps." 
 
 The Standing Com- 
 mittees for 1898 were: 
 Regimental, Captain and 
 Bt.-Major Henderson, 
 Captain Michie and Lieutenant Catto ; Band Committee, Major Cosby, Captain 
 Robertson and Captain Hendrie ; Rifle Committee, Major Macdonald, Captain 
 Mitchell and 2nd Lieutenant Harbottle ; Mess Committee, Captain Donald. 
 Lieutenant N. W. Cosby, and 2nd Lieutenant Taylor ; Athletic Committee, Major 
 Henderson, Lieutenant Perry and Lieutenant Brooks. 
 
 The annual meeting of the officers, held on the 3rd of February, 1899, fore- 
 shadowed an active spring in detail of regimental work. The various departments 
 
 72 
 
 Winners of the Gzowski Challkniik Cip and tin: Uriiisii 
 
 Chai,len(;e Shiei.d. 
 
 The former presented by the late Sir Casimir Czowski, K.C.M.G., 
 
 .A.D.C. to the Queen, for skinnishinp-. volley and independent firing- ; and 
 
 the latter presented by the Auxiliary Forces of Great Britain to the .\ctive 
 
 Militia of Canada, for volley firing;, at the D.R.A. Matches, Ottawa, 1899. 
 
 
SOME CITIZENS WHO ASSISTED IN THE ORGANIZATION OF THE REGIMENT, 
 
 K. K. Ci.AKivi:, Ksi^)., M.r., 
 Mayor of Toronto, 1891. 
 
 Kri:i)krhk Wvi.u, Esjj., 
 Cliairmaii I'"iiiaiK-e Committee. 
 RuBKRT Swan, Esg., jhe r.APK Thos. McCrackex. Esq., 
 
 Treasurer Citizens' Committee. 
 
 Daniel Ci.arkk, Ksy., M.IJ., 
 Chairman orStaiullTiif Cummilk-o. 
 
 1: 
 
 President Caledonian Society. 
 
mjomntimiMMmmi 
 
 •*'**—'■*——"■'■ fiiriiifiri'Wii 
 
 11 
 
 of the Rct^iinciu wcrt; wt-ll niporlcd u|)()n. and arran^jcnu'iits mack- for prosecuting 
 the duties vigorously. The leading oranches were placed under the following Stand- 
 ing Committees: Regimental, Major Henderson, Captain Michie, and Lieutenant 
 Catto ; Hand, Major Robertson, Captain Hendrie, Lieutenant McDougall ; Rifle. 
 Major Macdonald, Captain Michie, Lieutenant Harhottle ; Mess, Major Orchard, 
 2nd Lieutenant Woodbriilge, Assistant-Surgeon Smith ; Athletic, Captain and Ht.- 
 ^Lljor Henderson, Lieutenant McDougall, 2nd Lieutenant Darling. 
 
 An event of interest in the history of this year was the encampment of the 
 battalion at Niagara during the 30th of June and the ist and 2nd of July. The 
 Regiment panided at 5.45 a.m., on the 30th of June, in Review Order, and proceeded 
 to Niagara by steamer, returning therefrom on the evening of the 2nd of July. 
 During camp the duties devolving on the Regiment were calculated to be a useful 
 
 e.xperience, not as readily 
 gained by the usual drill, 
 and in the -^'•scharge of 
 these the Forty- Eighth 
 com ; red favourably with 
 the other regiments form- 
 ing the brigade. 
 
 At the Dominion 
 Hide Meeting, the Forty- 
 Eighth were well repre- 
 sented, and its crack shots 
 succeeded in making a 
 brilliant showing, winning 
 the British Challenge 
 Shield, the Czowski Cup, 
 and the (iilles[)ie Chal- 
 lenge Trophy ; .1 list to be 
 proud of, surely. 
 
 Thanksgiving Day, 
 1899, was observed fully a 
 month earlier than usual, the date falling on the 19th of October. The sham fight 
 was participated in by the Oueen's Own Rifles, the R« al Grenadiers, the Thirteenth 
 Battalion, the F'orty-I^ighth Highlanders, the ist Prince of Wales Fusiliers, Montreal, 
 the Royal Canadian Dragoons, and the gth Field Battery. Lieut. -Colonel Henry 
 McLaren commanded the attacking, and Lieut.-Colonel Delamere the defending 
 force. The nianceuvres exemplified quite a number of interesting tactics, and the 
 Forty-Eighth maintained its reputation for reliability. 
 
 On the 15th of October the battalion attended divine service in St. Andrew's 
 church, wh(,Mi the Rev. Dr. Armstrong Black j)reached for the first time as Chaplain 
 of the Regiment. 
 
 74 
 
 WiNNKRS Ol' TIIK GiLLKSPIE CHALLENGK CUP, 
 
 Presented by T. G. Gillespie, Esq., late Secretary of the Canada Club, 
 
 London, England, for team aggrej^ate slioolinjr, at the 
 
 n.R.A. Matches, 1899. 
 
The interest aroused by the South African war was felt nowhere deeper than in 
 Toronto, ever loyal to the British crown and to its imperial interests. As a matter 
 of course, when permission was j^^iven to send a Can.ulian conlinj^ent to take part in 
 the war, the Forty- I'^ighth Hiyhlanders responded with a will. Many apj)lications 
 were made for places on the contingent, but the number being restricted, the following 
 only were taken : 
 
 " A " Company, Colour-Sergeant A. R. MacGregor, Corporal J. A. Smith, 
 Privates Whitehead, Weller, Mitchell and Macpherson. 
 
 '■ H " Company, Private J. 1). Spence. 
 
 " C " Company, Privates G. M. Smith and Hornibrook. 
 
 " I) " Company, Privates A. C. McKenzie and McNish. 
 
 " E " Company, Sergeant W. H. Grant. 
 
 "G" Company, Color-Sergeant Lorsch, Privates Dunham and F. K. Hlain. 
 
 " H " Company, Corporals Hopeson and Haiiton, and I'tes. Haklwin and Morley. 
 
 Captain J. V. Ramsay, who had held the rank of Lieutenant and Captain in the 
 Regiment, and had retired on leaving the limits, travelled from the Western States 
 to Toronto in time to offer his services as a private in the contingent, and to be 
 accepted. Captain F. L. Cosby and Lieutenant N. W. Cosby also went later, the 
 former as an officer in the Canadian Mountt d Rilles, and the latter as a private in 
 the Canadian Field Artillery Corps. Lieutenant Temple went in connection with the 
 Company from London. Ontario. 
 
 This year, 1900, opened auspiciously. The Regiment was in excellent condition, 
 and the enthusiasm of all ranks boded well for the year. The committees struck on 
 the 2nd of P'ebruary were : Regimental, Captain and Pt.-Maj(jr Henderson, Captain 
 Michie, Lieutenant Catto; Band, Nhijor Robertson, Captain Mendrie, 2nd Lieutenant 
 Mackenzie; Rifle, Major Macdonald, Captain Mitchell, Lieutenant Harbottle; Mess, 
 Captain MacLean, Surgeon-Lieutenant Smith and 2nd Lieutenant Woodbridge; 
 Athletic, Captain Mitchell, Lieutenant Harbottle. 2nd Lieutenants Woodbridge and 
 Darling. 
 
 Earlv in the >ear, 1900, the Regiment was supplied with the " Oliver " e([uipment. 
 In regimental orders of the 20th of April reference is made to the fact that Private 
 Hornibrook, " C " Company, had been specially mentioned in the report of the 
 officer commanding the 2nd (Special Service) Battalion, Royal Canadian Regiment, 
 at Paardeberg. Col. Otter in his report said: "Another incident of coolness and 
 pluck was that of No. 7347 Private Hornibrook, who, at daylight on the morning of 
 the 19th instant, was down to the extreme right of the lines occupied by the enemy 
 the previous day. He was unarmed and came suddenly upon an armed Boer looking 
 for a stray horse. With great presence of mind, Hornibrook pretended to be armed 
 with a revolver and called upon imaginary assistance, at the same time demanding 
 the man's surrender. The Boer at once submitted, and on being brought in proved 
 to be one of General Cronje's adjutants and a most important officer." 
 
 75 
 
 mm-i 
 
Oil the iilh of May, Maj<ir Macdonald assumed the commaiul of the Forty- 
 iMghlh. owiniT to the ilhiess of Lieiii.-Coloiul Cosby, and on the 12th of thai month 
 Lieut.-Coloiiel Cosby succumbed to th; t ilhiess, at the comparatively youny a^a- of 
 62 years, to the deep regret of the officers and men and of the community by which 
 he was highly esteemed. The rei^imental tribute reads : " It is with rej^ret that the 
 death is announced of Lieut. Colonel Vvi^:;;), the late commanding officer of the 
 Regiment, which took place on .'■ iturdiy, the 12th inst. (May). Lieut.-Colonel 
 Cosby had been actively connected with the Regiment sinc(> its organi/ation, and 
 took a deep interest in all matters pertaining to its welfare. As a mark of respect to 
 his memory, officers will wear the usual mourning badge for a periiid of thirty days." 
 The spring season clo.sed by the Forty- Ivighth taking parr ii> a garrison parade on 
 the 24th of May, when it trooped the colours in hciu.ur ot the yueen's Birthday, ;md 
 subsecpiently in the garrison parade and review. His F.xcellency. LortI Minto. the 
 Ciovernor-(^.eneral, was pre.sent, and, himself a veteran soldier, he expressed his 
 entire .satisfaction with the excellent arrangements made for the celebration of Her 
 Majesty's birthday at Toronto, and his appreciation of the very smart appearauce of 
 the troops on parade. 
 
 On the 7th of June. 1900, Major Macdonald was appointed Lieut.-Colonel of the 
 Porty-P'ighth, and in his hands it is safe to say the honourable record set down in 
 these pages will be more than full\ maintained. 
 
 K 
 
 f 
 
CHAPTER IV. 
 
 WORK AT THE RIFLF RANGES. 
 
 \\K I ''orty-lCij^fhth pleads not tlie excuse of youth for 
 ;uiy shortcoming; in efficiency. Nothinjj; is more ob- 
 vious than tiiat a rejriment makes pr ^ress towards a 
 hij^h ftandard of efficiency, with years. Hut the 
 I'Orty-Eii^hth aimed high at the beginning, — the 
 motto might have been. " Hegin as you would wish 
 to end." Ihis has been the case in an especial 
 mann'-r with resjiect to rifle shooting. I'Vom the out- 
 set th( desire to become; crack shots was strong, and 
 year after year we find in the Annual Reports appeals 
 .,' to greater devotion to the rifle. Consetjuently it 
 ^'*' would not be surprising that good records should be 
 met with, but few indeed would be prepared for the 
 remarkable results obtained The year i<Sy2 ,,ave no very favorable opportunity for 
 ritle .shooting. The (juestion of the ranges was in an unsettled state, and but little 
 practice could be indulged in. It may be |)as.sed over without details. 
 
 Hut when we come to 1893, v/hich may be taken as the first shooting year of 
 the Regiment, the record arrests attention. This year was the first year in which 
 the Lake Shore Ranges were used, and that fact may to some e.xtent account for the 
 comparativel)- small attendance at the Saturday prar'ices, which varied from forty to 
 fifty men. Tii- shooting it these practices, howe\ r, showed up well, and hopes 
 were built on it which we ; w(!ll placed. 
 
 The Ontario Rifle As )ciation Matches attracted a fair number of competitors 
 from the I-'orty-Eighth, who, in addition to a gratifying share of individual prizes, 
 won in these team competitions : Canada Company (Nursery) 3rd and 4th prizes; 
 Tait-Hrassey Match (Regimental teams of si.x) 3rd prize; Gzowski Match, prize in 
 skirmishing, prize in volley-firing. It will be admitted that this is an excellent 
 beginning, which drew attention to the Regiment as a new factor in the great rifle 
 matches of the countr\ 
 
 Five representati\ es of the Regiment attended the Dominion Rifle Association 
 Matches this year. No team victories came their way, but two members won places 
 in the Grand Aggregate, and were entitled to take pan in the final competition for 
 the Hisley Team. 
 
 77 
 
 tmm 
 
* m \ 
 
 The Aniuiiil Kitlc Match of the rej^imeiU was held on the afternoon of Saturday, 
 the "th of ()ctol)cr. The attendance reached 125. The arrangements were complete, 
 the weather fme, and the shootinj^ excellent. 
 
 The RiHe Committee's Report includes a high tribute to Major Henderson, and 
 to the young but energetic Secretary of the Committee, Lieutenant (afterwards Cap- 
 tain) Ramsay, whose .ittention to the work of the Committee merited all praise. 
 
 1894. In i8c)4 the .Saturday practices \vc;re attended by an average of about 
 fifty men. not so large a number as was to be expected from the privileges and 
 encouragement afforded. \'et, the shooting was very gootl, and excellent results 
 modified the disappointment fell at the comparatively small attendance. There were 
 many keen shots in the Regiment, some of whom did not find it convenient to put in 
 much time at the ranges, yet whose marksmanship was far above the average. This 
 
 fact has to be taken into 
 account when consider- 
 ing the attendance 
 column in the shooting 
 statistics. The High- 
 lander naturally loves a 
 gun, and it is no indiffer- 
 ence, but busniess con- 
 siderations that prevent 
 the Highland volunteer 
 from practising riile 
 shooting on every oppor- 
 tunity that offers. 
 
 Two teams were 
 entered in the Martini 
 series of the Canadian 
 Military Ritle League; 
 one team was also en- 
 tered in the Snider series, 
 but was subsetjuently withdrawn, owliig to the fact that there were not a sufficient 
 number of eligible men to fill the places in the team. In the ten-men team series, the 
 first team of the b'orty-Kighth occupied iith place. In the twenty-men series, the 
 Forty-Eighth team occupied 8th place. 
 
 At the Ontario Ritle Association there were eighteen representatives of the 
 Regiment who fired throughout the competition, besides a number of others who 
 fired in several of the matches. 
 
 At the Dominion Rifle Association Matches, eleven men competed, a compar- 
 atively large number. A fair nimiber of individual prizes was secured by members 
 of the Regiment at both these competitions — the Ontario and the Dominion. At the 
 
 78 
 
 '^^^^^^^^^^Bk^Ki^^^BKr^B ^ 
 
 '^t^l^^fFi 
 
 
 Viu, 1 
 
 VV" Uf- * 
 
 K^ 
 
 
 few -^ jJ? 
 
 
 Winners of Walker Clp, D.R.A. Matches, 1894. 
 
foriiKT, Stiiff-Scrgciiiu Win. Harp ami Maj(»r W. (". Macdoiiald secured places in 
 the grand aifgrcj^ate, occupy iny^ respcctivitly 1st and >Sth places. At the latter, the 
 Dominion, Sergeant Adam Graham was fortunate in securing a place in the grand 
 aggregate. In the team competitions the Regiment was very successful. In the 
 Skirmishing and Volley Firing competitions at the Ontario Rifle Association, 2nd 
 place was secured, and at the Dominion, the following record was made: ist place in 
 the Walker Match, which was open to battalion teams of si.\ men, the number of 
 entries being very large ; 4th place in the Gzowski Military Match ; tied for 3rd place 
 in the British Challenge Shield Match. The capture of the 1st prize in the Walker 
 Match was a victory for which the Regiment had every reason to feel proud. The 
 score made was, it was said, the highest on record made by any regimental team in 
 Canada, and it is doubtful if it had hv.en excelled elsewhere under similar conditions. 
 It was 539 points, or an 
 average of 90 points per 
 man. Members of the 
 Regiment then at Ottawa 
 wore heartily congratu- 
 lated, and the superlj 
 shooting evoked much 
 popular praise. 
 
 The annual rifle 
 match of the Regiment 
 took place on the last 
 Saturday in September of 
 this year. The prize list 
 was long and tempting, 
 from the competitor's 
 point of view, the value 
 of the prizes offered 
 amounting to $1,500. 
 Two hundred and four- 
 teen men attended, and the weather being fine, the day was not only profitably, 
 but enjoyably spent. 
 
 The Annual Report singles out "H" Company as specially worthy of commend- 
 ation for its shooting during the season, and at the annual regimental match. 
 
 In this year Lieut. -Colonel Davidson was elected president of the Ontario Rifle 
 Association. 
 
 1895.— The motto for this year's work at the butts was the axiom of Lord 
 Wolseley: " If a volunteer is to be worthy of his name, of the nation he serves, and 
 of the Queen's uniform, his first duty is to shoot well." On this the committee, of 
 which Major Macdonald was president, acted strenuously, and the reward of their 
 efforts was a gratifying record for the year. 
 
 79 
 
 WiNNKRs oi' Skir.misiiini; Tkam COMrKTiriON, 1894. 
 
f 
 
 «#tea.^aM<BKM»,«»-4 
 
 Beginning with the Canadian Military Rifle League, the Regiment entered two 
 teams. In the ten-men series they secured 12th and 37th places in a competition 
 with about seventy teams, a very good standing indeed, and an improvement on the 
 year previous. 
 
 in the Ontario Rifle Association Matches, seventeen fired throughout the com- 
 petition. The individual winnings were thirty-six prizes, amounting to $189, and 
 including three firsts, viz.: the Gilmour, Gibson, and Macdonald Matches; and three 
 team prizes : second in the Canada Company, $25; fifth in the Walker, $10: third in 
 the Gzowski, $25 ; making the total winnings of the Regiment thirty-nine prizes, for 
 $249, as against twenty-four prizes, for $147, in 1894. 
 
 But the year 1895 ''' fi^nious in the annals of the Regiment chiefly on account of 
 the magnificent shooting at the Dominion Rifle Association Matches. Sixteen com- 
 petitors represented the Regiment. There were but eleven in the year before. The 
 individual winnings were thirty-one prizes (including two firsts, viz. : the Hamilton 
 Powder and Grand Aggregate), amounting to $258.40. Team prizes : Minister of 
 Militia, third prize, $25 ; Lansdowne Aggregate, sixth prize, $18 ; British Challenge 
 Shield, sixth prize, $20; r> total of thirty-four prizes, aggregating $321, as against 
 twenty-six prizes, aggregating $208.72 in 1894. Not only the total but che average 
 winnings per man were greater than in 1894. Four members of the Regiment, viz., 
 Staff-Sergeant Wm. Harp, Major Macdonald, Private McVittie, and Sergeant Mill- 
 igan secured places in the hundred who were entitled to compete for Bisley, and two 
 representatives were eligible for the Bisley team, viz.: Staff-Sergeant Harp and Major 
 Macdonald, who occupied the first and the sixth place respectively. Special nention 
 should be made of Staff-Sergeant Harp's splendid shooting, inasmuch as the scoring 
 made by him had not been equalled in any similar competition of a similar nature in 
 Canada. He won the first prize in the Grand Aggregate, and occupied the first 
 place on the Bisley team. In recognition of the honour he brought to the Regiment, 
 and with which he crowned himself, the Caledonian Society and a few friends, led by 
 the president. Mr. Wm. Simpson, an enthusiastic friend of the Regiment, and Mr. 
 Davi) Walker, presented Mr. Harp with a valuable and beautifully inscribed gold 
 watch and chain, with a valuable pendant attached, on the occasion of the annual 
 dinner of the Society, in celebration of Hallowe'en. 
 
 The Annual Regimental Match was held on Saturday, the 28th September. 
 The weather was fine, but not favourable to high scoring. About 200 competitors 
 entered. The amount offered in prizes, including challenge cu[)s, was $1465, and the 
 shooting under the conditions existing was fairly creditable. 
 
 The services of Lieut. Mitchell, the Secretary-Treasurer of the Committee, 
 were most valuable during the year and call for special mention. 
 
 1896. -The increasing interest in rifle shooting is to be seeMi in the additional 
 facilities granted to the niembers of the Regiment this year, by a material reduction 
 
 80 
 
on the railway fare of those attending the ranges. Sergeant Hollinger h;id charge 
 of the young shots, assisted by a non-commissioned officer detailed weekly, and this 
 arrangement proved satisfactory. 
 
 Three teams were entered in the Martini series of the Canadian iVIilitary Rifle 
 League. The standing of the twenty-men team and the thirty-men team was higher 
 than that of former years, and evidenced a very marked improvement in team and 
 individual marksmanship. 
 
 The individual v innings at the Ontario Rifle Association Matches were thirty- 
 nine prizes, amounting to $229.16 and gold medal. Team: First prize City of 
 Toronto Match. Ladies' Challenge Cup and $30; fifth prize Gzowski Match, $15 ; 
 making the total winnings of the Regiment forty-one prizes, for $274.16, and gold 
 med.il. The most valuable and important individual prize of the meeting, viz., the 
 first in the City of Toronto Match, gold medal and $50, was won by Corporal Kerr. 
 
 The individual win- 
 nings at the Dominion 
 Rifle Association were 
 twenty-five prizes, am- 
 ounting to $123.66 and 
 badge. The team prizes 
 won were : Gzowski 
 Match, first prize, chal- 
 lenge cup and $50 ; Brit- 
 ish Challenge Shield, fifth 
 prize, $22 ; a total of 
 twenty-seven prizes for 
 $195.66. Corporal Kerr, 
 Pte. Mishaw, and Staff- 
 Sergt. Harp secured 
 places in the Governor- 
 General's Hundred. 
 Corporal Kerr occupied 
 seventh place on the Bisley Team list for the year. Corporal Kerr, who 
 shows so well in these matches, received his entire training as a rifle shot while 
 serving in the ranks of the 48th Highlanders. 
 
 This shooting year was signalized by the institution of a new competition for 
 marching and firing. Eight teams were entered from the district, two of them from 
 the Forty-Eighth, whose first team, commanded by Lieut. J. H. Mitchell and Colour- 
 Sergt. I). W. Smith, had the honour of securing first place and winning for the first 
 time it was offered for competition the handsome Ch illenge Cup donated by Major- 
 General Gascoigne. A large sized photograph of the team was presented by the 
 Regiment to each of its members in recognition of their victory. 
 
 81 
 
 Winners of the Gzowski Challenge Cup, D.R.A. MATCHts, 1896. 
 
 I 
 
m 
 
 The annual Rejjfimental Match was held on September the 26th. About 200 
 entered into the conipetitions. The proj^ramme and the prize list were very invitinjr. 
 Showers fell during the early afternoon, but good shooting was made. The team 
 and p- .icipal individual prizes and marksmen's badges were formally presented on the 
 20th of November at the Armouries, in the presence of a large number of friends of 
 the Regiment. 
 
 1897. — The Lee-Enfield rifle was introduced this year. The reports show a 
 gratifying increase in the attendance at the weekly practices, and a marked improve- 
 ment in the good shooting already attained to. In the class-firing the regimental 
 figure of merit was not only higher than formerly, but exceeded that oi the other two 
 City corps. 
 
 Seven teams, two in the Martini and five in the Enfield series, were entered for 
 the Canadian Military Rifle League competition, and excellent shooting was made. 
 
 The individual winnings at the Ontario Rifle Association matches were fifty 
 prizes amounting to $228, one bronze and two silver medals, second team prize 
 Gzowski Match, $30 ; a total of fifty-one prizes, amounting to $258 and three medals, 
 an increase on the record of 1896. 
 
 The number of representatives at the Dominion Rifle Association matches was 
 only eleven, but the shooting was of the highest excellence. The individual 
 winnings were thirty-seven prizes, aggregating $436 and two badges ; fourth team 
 prize (Walker Match), $30 ; second in the Lansdowne Aggregate, $30 ; first in the 
 Briti'.;h Challenge Shield, the shield and $40. The score made in the British 
 Challenge Shield was the highest on record. Out of the eleven representatives, 
 seven — Siaff-Sergt. Graham, Pte. McVittie, Major Macdonald, Pte. McLaren, Pte. 
 Davidson, Corporal Kerr and Pte. Hutchinson- obtained places in the Governor- 
 General's Hundred. In the Governor-General's Match Privates Davidson and 
 McVittie tied with Corporal Windatt, R.G., for the Governor-General's prize, and 
 in shooting off the tie they secured second and third places respectively. Private 
 McVittie secured sixth place on the BisleyTeam and Pte. Davidson first place on the 
 waiting list for same. 
 
 In the Marching and Firing Competition two teams entered. That commanded 
 by Lieut. Harbottle and Sergt. Frank Dewar won the second prize. 
 
 The annual Regimental Rifle Match was held on Saturday, the 25th of 
 September. The number of competitors was 225. The weather was good and the 
 match passed off very successfully. 
 
 In reporting upon the year's work the Rifle Committee states that the advance- 
 ment in rifle shooting exceeds that of any former year. 
 
 1898. -The year opens well at the ranges, the weekly practices being taken 
 advantage of very generally. The Canadian Military Rifle League attracted eight 
 teams from the regiment, seven of whom fired throughout. Thirteenth place was 
 secured by the ist team, a higher standing than in any former year. 
 
 82 
 
At the Ontario Rifle Association matches the number of representatives of the 
 Regiment was larger than usual. Their winnings in individual prizes were 72, aggre- 
 gating $322, a silver medal and cup, as against 50 prizes and $258 and three medals 
 in 1897. The team prizes won were: Third prize Canada Company Match, $20; 
 second prize Corporation of the City of Toronto Match, $25 ; fourth prize Tait- 
 Brassey Match, $30; and fourth prize Gzowski Match, $20; total $97. In the 
 individual competitions, the first prize in the grand aggregate, the most important 
 contest of the meeting, was won by Sergt. J. McVittie. 
 
 Fifteen representatives entered for the Dominion Rifle Association matches. 
 The total individual winnings were 29 prizes, amounting to $153, and four team 
 prizes, amounting to $65. Three members of the Regiment, viz., Staff-Sergt. 
 Graham, Corporal J. C. Smith (a young shot who made an excellent record at these 
 matches), and Corporal H. Kerr won places in the Governor-General's Hundred, and 
 Staff-Sergt. Graham won his place upon the Bisley Team for 1899. 
 
 In the Marching and Firing Competition No. i team, commanded by Lieut. 
 Harbotde, won third place, and No. 2 team, commanded by Lieut. Hamilton, won 
 fifth place. 
 
 The annual Regimental Rifle Match took place on Saturday, the 8th of October. 
 235 competitors were present, a larger number than on any former yeeir. A good 
 prize list was offered, and, the weather H, ing ■<■ urable, the match passed off very 
 satisfactorily. 
 
 Special measures were adoi- .ci • is year to turn the rifle gallery at the Armories 
 to the best advantage, and tht u ^estion made that a company be detailed from 
 parade each night to devote liie entire evening to practice firing, it being apparent 
 that better instruction in position and aiming drill could be imparted at the gallery 
 than at the ranges. 
 
 1899. -This year was comparatively uneventful at the weekly practice and in 
 the Canadian Military Rifle League Competition, although excellent work was put up. 
 At che Ontario Rifle Association Matches there was an increased representation, 
 with seventy individual prizes, aggregating $284.90, and a bronze medal as winnings. 
 Five regimental team prizes, amounting to $156, were won, as compared with four 
 prizes and $95 for the previous year. "E" Company won first prize, $20 and the 
 Hrassey Cup, in the competition for company teams in the Tait-Brassey Match. 
 
 Sixteen crack shots attended the Dominion Rifle Matches from the iv.egiment. 
 The winnings were ^t, individual prizes, $299.10, and four team prizes, viz., $76 in 
 cash and the Gzowski and Gillespie Challenge Cups, and thf^ British Challenge 
 .Shield. The team prizes included first in the Gzowski Match, first in the British 
 Challenge Shield, and fin.t in the Gillespie Challenge Cup Aggregate, and third 
 place (only four points behind the first team) for the Lansdowne Cup Aggregate. 
 Sergt, J. McVittie, Sergt. J. C. Smith, Pte. H. McLaren, and Corporal H. Kerr 
 
 83 
 
 . -.ifll i i 
 
 Run 
 
secured places in the Grand \^ggregate, and Sergts. McVittie and Smith were 
 entitled to represent the Regiment at Bisley in 1900. 
 
 This, it must be admitted, is a record to be proud of, proving, as it does, that in 
 the fluctuations to which a shooting record is so obviously liable, the Forty-Eighth 
 have held their own with the best marksmen in Canada for a period of years which 
 may be taken as long enough to be a valuable test. 
 
 The Annual Rifle Match, and the Marching and Firing Competition were well 
 
 patronized and the Regiment 
 showed up well in both events 
 
 Cups and Trophies. Fol- 
 lowing are the winnings for the 
 cups and trophies offered for 
 competition by the Regiment : — 
 
 Old Chum TohaccoTroi'HV, 
 donated by D. Ritchie & Co., 
 Montreal, through Hon. Major 
 and Quartermaster W. H. 
 Orchard : 1892, won by "A" Co.; 
 1893, "H" Co.; 1894, "H" Co.; 
 1895, "H " Co. Finally won by 
 "H"Co. 
 
 Toronto Silver Plate Co.'s 
 Trophy: 1893, won by "G" 
 Co.; 1894. "E" Co.; 1895, "E" 
 Co.; 1896, "A" Co. ; 1897, "G" 
 Co.; 1898, "G" Co. Finally 
 won by " G " Co. 
 
 Ckkan & Rowan Hannkr : 
 
 1893, won by " H " Co.; 1894, 
 
 " H " Co.; i895,"C"Co.; 1896, 
 
 1897, "A" Co.; 1898. 
 
 
 
 
 \.,.-' ■'-xms'i 
 
 Si^i^ 
 
 
 Alkxander Fraskr, M.A., 
 Rkci.mkntal Historian. 
 
 .0. 
 
 i;,95. 
 
 H 
 
 "A" Co.; 
 '• E " Co. 
 The 
 Co.; 1896, 
 
 L.ADH-'.s' Ci;r: 1893, 
 ' C Co.; 1897, G 
 
 won by "B " Co.; 1894, "C" 
 Co.; 1898, "(i " Co. 
 
 Caledonian S<x ietv Tr()I'H\, .Scotch Tup's Head, donated by the Caledonian 
 .Society of Toronto : 1894, won by " H " Co. ; 1895. "A" Co. ; 1896, " H " Co. ; 
 1897, " E " Co. ; 1898, " H " Co. Finally won by •' H " Co. 
 
 Canadian Military Rifle League Cui-: From 1895 ^'^ ^^9^ inclusive, won 
 by Sergeants. 
 
 Walker Tuophy : 1896, won bv " H " Co. ; 1897, " E " Co. ; 1898. " E" Co. 
 
 84 
 
CHAPTER V. 
 
 REGIMENTAL ORGANIZATIONS. 
 
 THE FORTY-EIGHTH PIPERS. 
 
 NE of the necessary parts of a Highland regiment is a 
 pipe band. Tradition assigns a place to the piper at 
 Bannockburn, and even English Chaucer sang of the bag- 
 pipe as an instrument of war. An efficient pipe-band is 
 the pride of every true commanding officer of Highlanders; 
 without one the very heart would be out of the thing. At 
 the very commencement of the pL-ty-Eighth the pipers 
 were there. When Captain Henderson drilled the men in 
 Bailey's Hall, Piper Charles Munro and Piper George 
 Murray were ther'" to rouse the enthusiasm of the candi- 
 dates for a place in the Regiment. On the formal 
 organization of the Regiment one of the first things done 
 was to secure for the pipe-majorship Mr. Robert Ireland, 
 reputed the best player on the continent. In a short time 
 the pipe-band became famous, and the blue-ribbon of the 
 profession in Ontario was a position in the Forty- P2ighth pipe band. 
 
 When the band was fuiiy organized by Pipe-Major Ireland, and during his 
 tenure of the position, the following gentlemen were meml)ers of the pipe-band : — 
 Sergeant James Sutherland, Lance-.Sergeant John Trenholm, Pipers Frank Aitken, 
 Wm. Currie, E. I). Mclnnes, James R. Muir, George Murray, John Sullivan, John 
 Sutherland, S. C. Swanson, Blackball, Malcolm McBain and John Sharpe, Drum- 
 Sergeant George Kyle, Drummers Alexander Munro, Samufjl McCracken, William 
 McCracken, and Daniel Wilson. 
 
 Pipe-Major Ireland joined the 93rd Sutherland Highlanders when nuite a young 
 man, and began his miliUiry training as a piper in the band of that famous regiment 
 On this continent his home had been chiefly in New York until he came to Toronto 
 to be Pipe-Major (>f the Forty-Eighth. He figured at all the important competitions 
 held under the auspices of the Scottish societies of Canada and the United States 
 for many years, and held several championships, among them being the Champion 
 Cup of Canada, presented by the Caledonian Society of London, Ontario, and the 
 Champion Bagpipe Trophy of North America (won three times) presented by the 
 
 85 
 
! 
 
 West Elgin Caledonian Society, Dutton, Ont. In the bagpipe contests held by the 
 
 North America United Caledonian Assn., of whose 
 committee he was long a member, he was a promi- 
 nent, and generally the leading competitor. As a 
 composer of marches he occupies a flatteringly high 
 place. When Pipe-Major of the Forty-Eighth he 
 composed a march in honour of the Regiment, and 
 named it " Lieut.-Colonel John I. Davidson," after 
 the commaiiulng officer of the battalion at that time. 
 The march 's an exceedingly beautiful composition, 
 but on account of the delicate intricacy of the gracing 
 and combinations, it is heard to better effect, in the 
 hands of a good piper, when played as a slow 
 march than in marching time ; therefore, it has not 
 become a popular tune on parade, although as a 
 practice tune it holds a high place in the estimation 
 of the lovers of the pipes. It is greatly admired in 
 the Old Country, and just as in some instances one 
 son"- Iv.s made a poet famous, so this one tune has 
 raised Mr. Ireland to a niche 
 in the piper's temple of fame. 
 Other compositions might 
 
 KOUKKT iRKl.ANl). .11 U 
 
 First pipk-Major oi thk 48TH. be mentioned also, were they 
 
 associated with the gallant Forty- Eighth. The writer, how- 
 ever, may be pardoned if he makes a single exception and 
 acknowledges here Mr. Ireland's tune named after him, 
 which also has met with no small praise. 
 
 Following Mr. Ireland, the pipe-majorship was held by 
 Mr. Norman MacSwayed, a native of Dingwall, who had a 
 military training as a piper and who was a strict disciplinarian 
 and a thoroughly capable leader. He was known as a good 
 piobaireachd player in Scotland, and had won honours at 
 Braemar. and other Highland gatherings where were com- 
 petitions for mastery in the music of Scodand. Mr. Mac- 
 Swayed had in his band : Sergeant George Murray, Pipers 
 Wm. Currie, Hugh Mackenzie, James R. Muir. John Suther- 
 land. John Trenholm, C.eorge Thomson, James Thomson. 
 John Shire, and John Hryden ; Drummers Alexander Munro. 
 Samuel McCracken, Harry McGowen, James Malbrough, 
 Charles Hawkins, and George Cottenden. 
 
 When Mr. MacSwayed resigned the position to return to Scotland, his place 
 was filled by Mr. Farquhar Heaton, who holds the office now. The pipers who have 
 
 I'ii'k-Major !•'. Be:aion. 
 
been and are in the band during Mr. Beaton's term are : Sergeants George Murray, 
 John Trenholm, and Samuel Leask ; Pipers Wm. Currie, George Thomson, James 
 Thomson, Wm. Johnson, Samuel McCracken, James Clunas, Joseph Halcro. James 
 Crai<r. H. Bourne, George Sutherland, Frank Ritchie, Gavin Hardy, Thomas 
 Rich'iirdson, Alexander Robertson, Charles Boney, Charles Currie, Archibald Ritchie, 
 and A. B. MacGillivray ; Drummers Alexander Munro, Charles Hawkins, George 
 Cottenden, Wm. McCracken, J. Malbrough, Walter Ross, Harry Latremoville, and 
 Robert Murray. At the present time the strength of the band on parade is twenty- 
 three— sixteen pipers and seven drummers— but there are quite a number under 
 tuition, who do not rank on the strength of the band. 
 
 Pipe-Major Beaton has maintained the efficiency of his pipe-band by inde- 
 fatigable practice. There are four practices every week, two for the beginners and 
 two for the advanced pipers. With the former great pains are taken. Besides the 
 ordinary scales Mr. Beaton has devised simple scales which explain those given in 
 the books, with the result that the music is simplified and made easier to the learner. 
 Attention is given to the capacity of each member of the class and special exercises 
 are given accordingly. Therein lies Mr. Beaton's success as an instructor. He has 
 introduced a new practice to his band, viz.. playing the four parts, the melody, tenor, 
 alto, and bass, of the tune at the same time, on an orchestral basis, as has been the 
 practice with some of the Old Country regimental bands for many years, but hither- 
 to unknown in Canada. This idea was developed from an incident worth recording. 
 When His Elxcellency, the Earl of Aberdeen, who is an ardent admirer of the 
 bagpipes, was publicly entertained in Toronto, prior to his departure from Canada on 
 the expiry of his term as Governor-General, the pipe band of the P^orty-Eighth was 
 in attendance at the ceremonies (in the Parliament Buildings). The Pipe-Major ai;d 
 one of the pipers played in concert the first and second part of the tune " The 
 Green Hills of Tyrol." The effect produced was at once noted by His Excellency, 
 who complimented the Pipe-Major personally, and strongly recommended the 
 cultivation of part-playing on the pipes, which since then has been done. 
 
 Pipe-Major Beaton has [)layed the pipes since he has been fourteen years old, and 
 has long been connected with volunteer corps as a piper. He won the championship 
 of Edinburgh in 1881 against fifteen competitors, of whom the late celebrated William 
 MacLennan was one. One of his most coveted honours is the Chicago World's Fair 
 championship and gold medal. In the circuit of Caledonian games in Canada and 
 the Uniii'd States for the years 1895, '96, '97, he took every first prize for which he 
 competed, and he holds the first place for two of the three years required fijr the 
 championship trophy of the West Ellgin Caledonian Association. He is the able 
 composer of quite a number of marches, the most noted being "The Midlothian 
 Amateur Pipe Band," published by David Glen, Edinburgh; and the " North 
 American Pipers' Association March. " 
 
 87 
 
\i -'. 
 
 THE FORTY-EIGHTH BRASS BAND. 
 The Brass Band of the Forty-Eighth Highlanders was organized in the fall of 
 1892. Mr. John Cnffin, a graduate of Kneller Hall Military School of Music, and 
 
 Bandmaster of H.M. 63rJ Regiment, was selected, and 
 appointed Bandmaster. Up„„ his arrival in Toronto he 
 began the formation of the first "kilted" brass band in 
 Canada. The Regiment purchased a complete set of band 
 instruments, uniforms, etc., costing in the neighborhood of 
 $5,000. The Band paraded for the first time with the Regi- 
 ment in the spring of 1893, for the purpose of attending a 
 church parade. From the very outset the Band became one 
 of the recognized bands in Canada, and played at some of the 
 most important events. 
 
 The position of Bandmaster becoming vacant in January, 
 1896, Mr. J. Slatter, the present Bandmaster, was selected 
 from a large number of applicants, and was appointed to fill 
 the vacancy. Mr. Slatter was formerly soloist in the famous 
 ist Life Guards' Band, of London, Eng., and later served 
 with distinction in Brook's great Marine Band. He is a 
 successful composer and writer of band music. Under his 
 direction the Band at once took rank, and has been acknow- 
 ledged for three years as one 
 of the best, if not the best, 
 brass band in Canada. It has 
 grown to a strength of forty members, and the Regi- 
 ment is naturally extremely proud of it. 
 
 THE BUGLE BAND. 
 
 The Bugle Band was organized at an early 
 stage in the history of the Regiment, under Bugle- 
 Major E. Robertson, and soon attained to strength 
 and excellence. Bugle-Major Robertson was suc- 
 ceeded by Mr. J. Woods, also an excellent instructor 
 and manager. At the present the Bugle Band is 
 disorganized, the Regiment trying an experiment in 
 the direction of further strengthening the Pipe and 
 Brass Bands instead of maintaining three. 
 
 THE SERGEANTS' MESS. 
 The Sergeants' Mess is a most important part 
 of any military organization. That of the F"orty- 
 
 Eighth Highlanders, it goes without saying, is no exception to the rule. The date 
 of its formation is the 4th of May, 1892, and the place No. 66 Elm Street, the 
 
 vS8 
 
 Bandmastkr J. Slatter. 
 
 li. Koiil-KTSON. 
 
 First Bii;le Major ok the Kluiment. 
 

 residence of the Sergeant- Major, Mr. Alfred G. Robertson. Colon r-Serjreant Hui-h 
 Rose acted as Secretary-Treasurer. The subsequent meetings were held at the 
 old Upper Canada College buildings, and until the first annual meeting in January, 
 1893, the Mess was conducted by an executive committee, consisting of Staff-Sergeant 
 Harp, Staff-Sergeant Hollinger, Colour-Sergeant George MacBean. Colour-Sergeant 
 Rose, Sergeant D.VV. Smith, and the Sergeant-Major, with Sergeant Andrew Gordon 
 Fraser as Secretary-Treasurer of the Mess. On October 17th, 1892, the Mess moved 
 into quarters at old Upper Canada College. On the 9th of January, 1893. the follow- 
 ing officers and committees were elected : President, Staff-Sergeant Wm. Harp ; 
 Vice-President. Colour-Sergeant Geo. MacBean, and later on, Staff-Sergeant Rose| 
 Secretary, Lance-Sergeant A/thur McEvoy; Treasurer, Colour-Sergeant Hugh Rose." 
 Committee : Colour-Sergeant Wm. Stewart, Sergeant A. G. Fraser. and S^ rgeant 
 Davidson. Librarian to the Mess, Sergeant A. G. 
 P'raser. 
 
 The first annual dinner was held on the loth 
 of March, 1893, in the Arlington Hotel, the T ^rgt.- 
 Major presiding. The guests included a large 
 number of officers and non-coms, of the neighbour- 
 ing regiments and friends of the Forty-Eighth. 
 
 On the 27th of July, 1893, a joint moonlight 
 excursion with the Sergeants' Mess of the 13th 
 Battalion was held to Oakville, the Toronto men 
 going by the steamers " Garden City " and "Grey- 
 hound." 
 
 The officers for the succeeding years have been : 
 1 894 -President, Staff-Sergeant Harp; Vice-Presi- 
 dent, Staff-Sergeant A. Rose; Secretary, Colour- 
 Sergeant Neil MacKinnon ; Treasurer, Sergeant 
 John Graham. Board of Management: Colour- 
 Sergeant Stewart, Colour-Sergeant Lawrence, and 
 Sergeant Davidson. 
 
 1895-President, Staff-Sergeant Harp; Vice-President, Staff-Sergeant A. Rose- 
 Secretaries, Colour-Sergeant Neil MacKinnon, and Sergeant Donald Morrison' 
 Treasurer, Sergeant John Graham. Board of Management : Colour-Sergeant Law- 
 rence, Colour-Sergeant Smith, and Sergeant McEvoy. 
 
 1896-President, Staff-Sergeant A. Rose; Vice-President. Colour-Sergeant 
 Stewart ; Secretaries, Sergeant D. Morrison, and Sergeant S. V. Jones; Treasurer 
 Sergeant Cameron. Board of Management: Colour-Sergeant Wright. Colour- 
 Sergeant Shaw, and Sergeant C McDonald. 
 
 1 897- -President, Colour Sergeant Stewart; \'ice- President, Sergeant Cameron- 
 Secretary, Sergeant S. V. Jones ; Treasurer, Lance-Sergeant Arch. Macgregor' 
 
 89 
 
 Sergt. -Major Alexander Rose. 
 
 ! 
 

 Board of Management : Sergeant Lambe, Sergeant Bruce, aiiu Colour-Sergeant 
 Richie. 
 
 1898 — President. Sergeant Lambe; Vice-President, Colour-Sergeant Jones; 
 Secretary, Colour-Sergeant Grant ; Treasurer, I-ance-Sergeant Miller. Board of 
 Management: Colour-Sergeant Wallbridge, Sergeant Macgregor, Sergeant McRae. 
 
 1899 — President, Bugle- Major Woods ; Vice-President, Colour-Sergeant Mac- 
 gregor; Secretaries, Sergeant W. H. Grant, and J. H. Campbell; Treasurer, Sergeant 
 K. N. May. Committee : Sergeant Stewart, Colour-Sergeant .Stevens, and Colour- 
 .Sergeant Rae. 
 
 1900 — President, Bugle-Major Woods, until April i8th, and from that date 
 .Sergeant Merry; Vice-President, Colour-Sergeant Rae; Secretary, Sergeant J. H. 
 
 Campbell ; Treasurer, Colour-Sergeant Kirkness. Board 
 of Management : Sergeant Miller, Hospital Sergeant 
 Ross, and Colour-Sergeant Thorne. 
 
 The honorary members of the Sergeants' Mess are : 
 Mr. Wm. Simpson, builder, Toronto, who took a deep 
 interest in the formation of the Regiment ; Mr. Alexander 
 Muir. M A., author of " The Maple Leaf," Canada's 
 national song ; Sergeant- Major Harding, and Mr. Bert 
 Harvey. 
 
 It is a rule of the Mess that a handsome clock 
 should be presented to each member who leaves the 
 bachelors' ranks for those of the benedicts, and this rule 
 has been ever enthusiastically honoured. 
 
 AmontT the donations to the Mess-room from friends 
 is a fine marble clock, the gift of Mrs. Davidson, wife of 
 the first commanding officer of the Regiment, and many 
 valuable pictures from members and ex-members. 
 
 A uinction which is greatly enjoyed is an annual 
 
 rirte contest between picked teams, one representing tl e 
 
 Sergeants' Mess and the other the Officers' Mess. 
 
 Although some of the crack shots of the Regiment are officers, the non-coms, have 
 
 never failed so far to win the trophy, which is a cup, to be held by the winning team 
 
 for the year. 
 
 The main objects aimed at by the Sergeants' Mess are : to stimulate mutual in- 
 terest in the efficiency and welfare of the Regiment, and to cultivate and preserve 
 friendly regard and esteem amongst the members. Mess meetings are held on the 
 second Monday of each month, and during the winter season bowling is considerably 
 indulged in under the auspices of the Mess, winding up by a stirring tournament, at 
 
 90 
 
 L)rim-Major McLkav. 
 
which valuable prizes are offernJ. In the Mess rooms there are first-class illustrated 
 papers and magazines for the use of the mei bers. who find in the Mess quarters a 
 convenient rendezvcjus at which esprit de corps and the social side of volunteering 
 can be pleasantly cultivated. 
 
 Till alue of such a spirit need not be enlarged upo To it every military 
 organization owes more than can be told. 1 ime a 1 ag<; i this truth has been 
 e.xemi "*ied " 'he experience of the Forty-Eighth Highlanders, whose non-com 
 mis ^cis are enthusiastic soldiers, and thoroughly efiicieiit in the positions 
 
 they occupv. It has been the good fortune of the regiment to be admirably 
 officered, and with equal emphasis this can be applied to the non-commissioned 
 officers, whose services have been conspicuous in maintaining the excellent condition 
 of the regiment. Without the Sergeant's Mess this could not be done, for it is the 
 home of the non-coms., the centre of their activity, and the institution around which 
 regimental memories will the longest linger. 
 
 I 
 
 FINIS 
 
 91 
 

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 23 WEST MAIN STREET 
 
 WFBSTEIt, N.Y. HS80 
 
 (716) 873-4503 
 
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List of Officers. 
 
 Those who have Skrvrd in the 48Tn Hichlanders, 
 AND THE Dates ok the Ofkiciai. Gazettes 
 
 (.ONCKKNINC THEM. 
 
 Daviilson, J. I., Lieutenant-Colonel (provisional), 
 2oth November, 1891. Confirmed, 2sth Mareh, 
 i«g2. Honorary Lieutenant-Colonel, utli 
 April, 1898. 
 
 Cosby, A. M., Major (provisional), 24th December, 
 i8qi. Confirmed, i8lh June, 1894. Lieeten nt- 
 Colonel, i6tli March, 1898. Oied May 12, 
 1900. ' 
 
 tMacdonald, \V. C, Major, 19th Februarv, .892. 
 Lieutenant-Colonel, June^y, 1900. 
 
 Robertson, D. M., Captain (provisional), iqtl, 
 hebruary, 1892. Confirmed, 29th February 
 1892. Major, 31st March, 1898. 
 
 Magrillivray, D., Captain (provisional), 19th February 
 1892. Confirmed, 29th February, 1892. 
 Appointed Adjutant, 13th October, 1801. 
 Appointed Paymaster, 24th Aujfust, 1806. 
 Retired to Reserve of Officers as Captain, 
 6th July, igoo. ' ' 
 
 Hendrie, VV., Jr., Captuin (provisional), 19th Febru- 
 ary, 1892. Confirmed, 31st March, 1892. 
 
 Currie, J. A., Captain (provisional), 19th February, 
 1K92. Confirmed, 13th Aujjust, 1892. 
 
 Cray, J. W., Captain (provisional), loth Februarv, 
 1892. Retired, 13th May, 1892. 
 
 Hunter, C. A., Lieutenant (provisional), iqlh 
 l-ebruary, 1892. Confirmed, 29th Februarv, 
 1892. Captain, I3lh May, 1892. Retired, 
 29th October, 1894. 
 
 Michie, J. F., Lieutenant (provisional), i9tb Febru- 
 ary, 1892. Confirmed, 29th Februarv, 1892. 
 Captain, igtli Aujfust, 1892. 
 
 Rose, G. M., Lieutenant (provisional), mtb February, 
 >8c)2. Retired, 231-d June, 1804. 
 
 Oonakl, Duncan, Lieutenant (provisional), 19th 
 I'ebruary, 1892. Conrirmed,3ist March, 1892. 
 t.iplain, 13th October, 1893. Adjutant, 24th 
 Aiij,'-ust, i8g6. ^ 
 
 McLean, D. H., Lieutenant (provisional), ,9th 
 K-bruary, .892. Confirmed, 29th February, 
 1892. Retired, 20th April, 1894. 
 
 Adams, J , Honorary t,.-Main and (Quartermaster, 
 19th February, 1892. Retired, iglh August, 
 
 Stuart, \V. T., Surg-eon Major, 19th February, 1892. 
 
 Henderson, W., Captain, 24th March, 1892. Brevet- 
 Major, 3rd March, 1892. 
 
 Macdonald, W->lter, Captain, 74th March, 1892. 
 Adjutant, 19th Aufjust, 1892. Retired with 
 rank of Captain, 13th October, 1893. 
 
 Cassels, R. S., Captain, 22nd April, 1892. Retired, 
 21st April, i':'^4. 
 
 Orchard, VV. H., Lieutenant, 13th May, 1892. 
 Captain, 20lh April, 1894. Honorary Major 
 and Quartermastei , i8th March, 1898. 
 
 Ramsa^', J. F., Lieutenant (provisional), 13th May, 
 Confirmed, 30th September, 1892. Captain, 
 20th September, 1894. Retired, 20th March, 
 1897. 
 
 Campbell, C. A., Second Lieutenant (provisional), 
 13th May, 1892. Confirmed, nth Aujfust, 
 1894. Lieutenant, loth November, 1894. 
 Captain, 27th iNovember, 1899. 
 
 Thompson, J. A., Second Lieutenant, 13th May, 
 1892. Confirmed, 30th June, 1894. Lieutenant, 
 29th September, 1894. Retired, 4th June, 
 1897. 
 
 MacLean, H. C, Lieutenaiit (pr.,visional), 24th 
 May, 1892. Confirm--d, 29th November, 1892. 
 Captain, 24th Aujfust, 1896. 
 
 Dame, A. A. Assistant Surgeon, 19th August, 1892. 
 Retired, 19th August, 1897. 
 
 tMitchell, J. H., Second Lieutenant (provisional), i;th 
 May, 1893. Confirmed, 20th February, 1894, 
 Lieutenant, 20th April, 1894. Captain, 27tl^ 
 February, 1897. 
 
 I'erry, F. M., Second Lieutenant (provisional), 26th 
 August, 1893. Confirmed, 20th June 1894. 
 i-eutenant, jglh September, 1894. C;intain, 
 13th May, 1898. ^t I . 
 
 McLean, C. .A. H., Second Lieutenant (provisional), 
 3rd November, |8<>3. Confirmed, 20th Febru- 
 ary, 1894. Lieutenant, i8(h May, 1894. Re- 
 tired on appoinlmeni to Second Battalion 
 Argyle and Sutherland Highlanders, 21st 
 March, 1896. 
 
 Cosby, F. L., Second Lieutenant (provisional), 7th 
 April, 1893. Confirmed, 25th September, 
 1893. Lieutenant, 20th April, 1894. Captain, 
 13th Maj', 1898. Retiree! on appointment to 
 North-W est Mounted Police as Inspector, 23rd 
 October, 1899. 
 
 7th 
 
Scott, C. D., Second Lieutenant (provisional), 20th 
 April, 1894. Retired, 28th September, 1896. 
 
 Hamilton, H. V., Second Lieutenant (provisional), 
 i8th May, 1894. Confirmed, 13th May, 1895. 
 Lieutenant, 9th Noven'lier, 1895. 
 
 Catto, C. J., Second Lieutenant (provisional), i8th 
 May, 1894. Confirmed, 30th September, F895. 
 Lieutenant, 21st March, 1896. 
 
 Rainsbath, J. V., Second Lieutenant (provisional), 
 3rd Auffust, 1894. Retired, 12th October, 
 '895- 
 
 Gibson, R. L., Second Lieutenant (provisional), 18th 
 May, 1894. Retired, 29th September, 189^. 
 
 Cosby, N. L., Second Lieutenant (provisional), 21st 
 September, 1895. Confirmed, 22nd May, 1896. 
 Lieutenant, 4th June, 1897. Retired to enlist 
 in R.C.A. for South Africa, 2nd January, 1900. 
 
 Brooke, H. J., Second Lieutenant (provisional), 12th 
 October, 1895. Confirmed, 31st March, 1896. 
 Lieutenant, 24th Aujfust, 1896. 
 
 Burnside, J. T. M., Second Lieutenant (provisional), 
 gth November, 1895. Confirmed, 31st March, 
 1896. Lieutenant, 6th March, 1897. 
 
 McDoujfall, D. H., Second Lieutenant (provisional), 
 4th May, 1896. Confirmed, 31st October, 
 1896. Lieutenant, 13th May, 1898 Retired, 
 9th January, 1900. 
 
 Hall, A., Second Lieutenant (provisional), 24th Aug-ust, 
 
 1896. Confirmed, 2nd Aujjust, 1897. Retired, 
 nth January, 1898. 
 
 Taylor, A. P.. Second Lieutenant (provisional), 12th 
 December, 1896. Confirmed, 30th June, 1897. 
 Lieutenant, 13th February, 1900. 
 
 Harbottle, C. C, Second Lieutenant (provisional), 
 30th December, 1896. Confirmed, 31st March, 
 
 1897. Lieutenant, 13th May, 1898. 
 
 Macdonald, C, Second Lieutenant (provisional), 
 loth Maj, 1897. Retired, 26th December, 
 1898. ' 
 
 Bickford, O. L., Second Lieutenant (provisional) 
 15th October, 1897. Confirmed, 31st March, 
 1898. 
 
 tTemple, R. G. H., Second Lieutenant (provisional), 
 nth March, 1898. Confirmed, 13th August, 
 1898. Lieutenant Special Service Battalion. 
 R.C.R.I., October, 1899. 
 
 Smith, D. K., Surjjeon-Lieutenant, 2nd February. 
 1898. ■'' 
 
 Mackenzie, A, VV'., Second Lieutenant (provisional), 
 18th October, 1898. 
 
 Darling-, C. W., Second Lieutenant (provisional), 
 18th October, 1898. Confirmed, 23rd May, 
 1899. 
 
 Woodbridge, M. J., Second Lieutenant (proi'isional), 
 25th October, 1898. Confirmed, 31st March, 
 1899. 
 
 Isbister, A. J., Second Lieutenant (provisional), 2nd 
 November, 1898. 
 
 McGaw, O. E., Second Lieutenant (provisional), 26th 
 December, 1898. Confirmed, 23rd May, 1899. 
 
 Black, Rev. Arni'itrong, Honorary Chaplain, 29th 
 September, 1899. 
 
 Somerville, L. McR. , Second Lieutenant (provisional), 
 I5ih February, 1900. 
 
 Macdonell, Rev. D. J., appointed Chaplain by 
 Regimental order before Honorary Chaplains 
 allowed. 
 
 t Active service. 
 
 93 
 
Roll of Honour. 
 
 The following akk those who, uv theh< Genekoun Subscriptions, recently 
 
 AND AT the time OK THE FORMATION OK THE RegIMENT. HAVE SHOWN 
 THEIR APPRECIATION OF THE 48TH HuiIILANDERS. 
 
 The Ciinadian Bank of Commerce 
 Canada Life Assurance Co. 
 William MacKenzie 
 
 D. R. Wilkie 
 
 Sir Oavid L. McPherson 
 
 Caledonian Society 
 
 Wm. Christie 
 
 Bank of Toronto 
 
 John Kay & Son Co. 
 
 Krederick Wyld 
 
 Canada Sujjar Rel. Co. 
 
 Hon. Georg-e A. Cox 
 
 Hiram Walker & Sons, Ltd. 
 
 Kemp Mfg-, Co. 
 
 Northrop fc Lyman Co., Ltd. 
 
 Robertson Bros. 
 
 Oak Hall. 
 
 Western .Assurance Co. 
 
 Gutta Percha and Rubber Mfjf. Co. 
 
 E. Boisseau & Co. 
 
 The Gurney Foundry Co., Ltd. 
 
 Toronto Type Foundry Co., Ltd. 
 
 The Barber & Ellis Co. 
 
 Imperial Life Assurance Co. 
 
 Blue Ribboi. Tea Co. 
 
 Lumsden Bros. 
 
 Corticelli Silk Co. 
 
 J. F. Brown Co., Ltd. 
 
 .Adams Kurr.iture Co. 
 
 P. W. Ellis Co. 
 
 Putfsley. Ding-man & Co. 
 
 W. Mc'intosh 
 
 A. A. Barthelmes &. Co. 
 
 Swan Bros. 
 
 The Wm. B. Hamilton Shoe Co. 
 
 The J. U. King- Co., Ltd. 
 
 Chas. Cockshutt iV Co. 
 
 John H. Duniop 
 
 T. G. Brough 
 
 E. W. Gillett 
 
 The Cowan Co., Ltd. 
 
 H. S. Howland 
 
 Pure Gold Mfg. Co. 
 
 J. & J. Taylor 
 
 J. .Mgernon Temple, M.D, 
 
 Jas. W. Ross, M.D. 
 
 John Leckie 
 
 J. E. Ellis 
 
 John Dick 
 
 Thos. Dunnet 
 
 Xerlich ck Co. 
 
 J. F'irstbrook 
 
 Harry Webb Co. 
 
 Crompton Corset Co. 
 
 H. W. Petrie 
 
 Boeckh Bros & Co, 
 
 Toronto Lithographing Co 
 Ireland National F'ood Co. 
 S. Trees 
 W. G. Harris 
 Rolph, Smith & Co. 
 P. Jacobi 
 Donald Mackay 
 Ashdown's Music Store 
 John Abell Eng. & Mach. Works 
 Jas. P. Murray 
 .Aikenhead Hardware Co. 
 John Hillock & Co. 
 John Holderness 
 Alfred Robinson 
 Ontario Lead and Wire Co. 
 T. A. Lytle 
 John Burns ."; Son 
 John Smith 
 
 Todhunter, Mitchell & Co. 
 T. Milburn & Co. 
 The Wilkinson Plough Co. 
 The Brown Bros., Ltd. 
 Toronto Can Co. 
 Samuel May 
 
 Ontario Wind Engine & Pump Co. 
 R. S. Williams 
 Warwick Bros. & Rutter 
 Menzie, Turn r & Co. 
 Osier ife Hammond 
 C"'. P. Magann 
 Chas S. Blai-kwell 
 Northey Mfg. Co. 
 Noah L. Piper & Son 
 The Jas. Robertson Co. 
 John Maidonald & Co. 
 Octavius Newcombe it Co. 
 Parisian Steam Laundry Co. 
 Nisbet A Auld 
 John D. Ivey Co. 
 Conger Coal Co. 
 
 The Central Canada Loan & Sav- 
 ings Co. 
 Provincial Building A Loan Assn. 
 W. & J. G. Greey 
 The Dodds Medicine Co. 
 K. Saunders 
 .Ad.'ims Bros. 
 John B. Smith & Sons 
 Krankel Bros. 
 Archibald Campbell 
 Gillespie, Ansley A Co. 
 Geo. B. Meadows Co. 
 Mc.Alpin Tobacco Co. 
 Rankin it Co. 
 .Spilling Bros, 
 Smith Bros, 
 
 Niagara Navigation Co. 
 
 D. W'. .Alexander 
 
 Mcintosh Granite it Marble Co. 
 
 J. J. McLaughlin 
 
 Taylor Bros. 
 
 George Milligan 
 
 D. McCall 
 
 H. Horsman 
 
 Geo. Weston 
 
 H. P. Dwight 
 
 Nordheimer Music <$■ Piano Co. 
 
 Arthur J. Frost 
 
 M. it L. Samuel, Benjamin & Co. 
 
 Jas. Robertiion 
 
 Chas. Peters 
 
 Blake, Lash & Cassells 
 
 Robert Simpson 
 
 Alex. Gibb 
 
 Jno. Blackwell 
 
 Geo. Ratcliffe 
 
 T. Mcl'arlane 
 
 J. Little 
 
 Wm. Stark 
 
 F-dison Electric Co. 
 
 W. R. Spencer 
 
 A. H. Campbell 
 
 .A. W. Grassetl 
 
 Wm. Bryce 
 
 Dr. Clark 
 
 Dalton Bros. 
 
 J. D. Nasmith 
 
 T. D. Miller 
 
 J. F". Smith, g.C. 
 
 T. R. Warwick 
 
 Warwick it Co, 
 
 W. H. Beatty 
 
 Gaelic Society 
 
 Shedden & Co. 
 
 W. M. Clark 
 
 Jno. Bailie 
 
 A. B. McColl 
 
 Kilgour Bros. 
 
 J. B McColl 
 
 Robert Swan 
 
 John Hallam 
 
 John Henderson 
 
 J. H. Ewart 
 
 R. Green 
 
 Hon. F:dward Blake 
 
 Mrs. C. MacdonaUl 
 
 J. McMillan 
 
 Chas. Walker 
 
 Hugh Miller 
 
 Dr. James Thorburn 
 
 George Gooderhani 
 
 Wm. Adamson 
 
 94 
 
W. Kinghorn 
 John FIctt 
 Hujfh Ryan 
 D. W. Alexander 
 Mrs. Johnston 
 S. F. McKinno'i 
 J. L. Morrison 
 K. VV. Holgate, 
 A. McArthnr 
 Jas. Cooper 
 R, J. Havenden 
 \Vm. Armstrong 
 I. Scholes 
 j. Elliott 
 T. Pells 
 \Vm. Milligan 
 John Harp (Amoy, China) 
 W. Simpson 
 K. \V. Lockwood 
 John Lander 
 T. Giles 
 R. Fleming 
 R. W. Spence 
 M<;Masher A Co. 
 \V. D. Matthews 
 Paul Campbell 
 R. H. Beth line 
 K. B. Osier, M.i'. 
 J. K. Macdonald 
 St. Lawrence Sugar Ret". Co. 
 Kddv Mnfg. Co. 
 J. T'aylor 
 
 Badgerow & Dixon 
 D. B. Diik 
 Pearson Bros. 
 J. Hnrvie 
 D. Turner 
 
 "Glendale" (Montreal) 
 Thos. Robertson 
 Mrs. Cameron 
 Dr. Andrew Smith 
 Harry Piper 
 D. Walker 
 
 C. Rogers & Sons Co. 
 A. Jardner & Co. 
 R. J affray 
 Mrs. R. Carroll 
 Hutchison, Shurley & Derrett 
 S. Tidy & Son 
 P. A. Macdonald 
 W. J. Gage& Co., Ltd. 
 J. McCausland 
 
 The Mason & Risch Piano Co. 
 M. Staunton & Co 
 Stone & Wellington 
 Pelham Nursery Co. 
 Rogers & Co. 
 Hutchinson & Son 
 Westman & Baker 
 The British-.American Business Col- 
 lege Co. 
 Dominion Paper Box Co. 
 
 Fensom Elevator Co. 
 Kinnear & Co. 
 
 E. R C Clarkson 
 Dominion Radiator Co. 
 James Park 
 
 Irying Umbrella Co. 
 
 !■". W. Humphrey 
 
 W. J. McGuire ' 
 
 G. C/oulding & Sons 
 
 John Dixon 
 
 The Tait-Bredin Co., Ltd. 
 
 George Coles 
 
 W. J. McMurtv 
 
 The Bennett & Wright Co., Ltd. 
 
 G. O. Roche 
 
 Belle Ewart Ice Co. 
 
 Alex. Millard 
 
 Gourlay, Winter & Leeming 
 
 A. S. Boone 
 
 Toronto Foundry Co. 
 
 The National Cycle & Auto. Co., Ltd. 
 
 The Copeljind-Chatterson Co., Ltd. 
 
 Joan Bishop 
 
 St. Margaret's College 
 
 Jas. Poffley 
 
 Canada Cycle & Motor Co. 
 
 Wreyford'& Co. 
 
 K. Ishikawa & Co. 
 
 J- J- l'"oy 
 
 John Northway 
 
 Rev. Arthur H. Baldwin 
 
 Rev. Armstrong Black 
 
 R. T. Coady 
 
 G. F. Marter 
 
 . H. Rust 
 
 i red Mowal 
 
 Charles Sheard, M.D. 
 
 Noel Marshall 
 
 R. A. Pyne 
 
 J. O. Langmuir 
 
 John Jones 
 
 Geo H. Hees, Son & Co. 
 
 Roden Bros. 
 
 R. Laidlaw Lumber Co. 
 
 George Rathbone 
 
 J. H. G. H.-.garty 
 
 Robert Beatty & Co. 
 
 Commissioner of Crown Lands 
 
 Geo. A. Kingston 
 
 J. F. Junkin 
 
 Hon. G. W. Ross 
 
 Avern Pardoe 
 
 R. Harcourl 
 
 F. R. Latchford 
 J. R. Stratton 
 
 John Ritchie Plumbing & Heating 
 Co., Ltd. 
 
 The Canada Permanent and West- 
 ern Canada Mortgage Co. 
 
 James Maclennan 
 
 F. Osier 
 
 Chas. Moss 
 
 \y. p. R. Street 
 
 N. Clarke Wallace 
 
 John Small 
 
 N. R. Frankland 
 
 Walter Harland Smith 
 
 \'ork County Loan & Savings Co. 
 
 C. C. Stratton 
 
 Roderick J. Parke 
 
 Rvrie Bros. 
 
 Lt -Col. H. J. Grasett 
 
 Eastmuir & Lightbourne 
 
 J. Hardy 
 
 Hugh MacMahon 
 
 J. A. Bovd 
 
 W. R. M'eredith 
 
 E. Coatsworth 
 
 S. W. McMichael 
 
 A. E. Ames & Co. 
 
 Standard Bank of Canada 
 
 The Traders R iik of Canada 
 
 The Ontario B ; 
 
 E. Veals 
 
 T. Eaton 
 
 Larrat VV. Smith 
 
 Toronto Mortgage Co. 
 
 J. F. Lester 
 
 Thomas Ferguson 
 
 Wm. Stitt & Co. 
 
 O'Keefe Brewery Co. 
 
 S. W. Black 
 
 Imperial Trust Co. 
 
 John Catto & Son 
 
 C. C. James 
 
 Hon. J. M. Gibson 
 
 H. H. Langton 
 
 The National Life Ass, Co. of Can. 
 
 Edmund Scheuer 
 
 A. J. Russel-Snow 
 
 Alex. Lochore 
 
 Jas. Pears 
 
 J. L. Campbell 
 
 R. Bond 
 
 The Canadian Birkbei-k Investment 
 
 & Savings Co. 
 R. Parker & Co. 
 Canada Printing Ink Co. 
 Ritchie & Ramsay 
 The Temperance & General Life 
 
 Assurance Co. 
 Confederation Life Association 
 W. A. Murray & Co., Ltd. 
 Joseph Seagram 
 C. Robinson 
 W. E. Chalcraft & Co. 
 A, Bollard 
 Bristol & Cawthra 
 The Marlatt A Armstrong Co., Ltd. 
 Angus Kirkland 
 Sylvester Bros. 
 Hugh C. Salmon 
 R. G. Dun & Co. 
 The W. R. Brock Co , Ltd. 
 
 95 
 

 "HIGHLAND LADDIE" 
 
 ReKimpntal Miiri'h of Hie 48'.hHighliin(l('rs. 
 
 Tempo dl Msreia, 
 
 Where ha'e ye been a' the day, 
 
 Bonnie laddie, Highland laddie ? 
 Saw ye him that's far away, 
 
 Honnie laddie, Highland laddie? 
 On his head a bonnet blue, 
 
 Bonnie laddie. Highland laddie ; 
 Tartan plaid and Highland trew, 
 
 Bonnie laddie. Highland laddie? 
 
 When he drew his gude braid sword, 
 
 Bonnie laddie. Highland laddie, 
 Then he gave his royal word, 
 
 Bonnie laddie, Highland laddie, 
 That frae the field h(i ne'er wad fiee, 
 
 Bonnie laddie. Highland laddie; 
 But wi' his friends wad live or dee, 
 
 Bonnie laddie. Highland laddie. 
 
 Weary fa' the lawland loon, 
 
 Bonnie laddie. Highland laddie, 
 Wha took frae hiin the British croon, 
 
 Bonnie laddie. Highland laddie ; 
 But blessings on the kilted clans, 
 
 Bonnie laddie, Highland laddie ; 
 That fought for him at Prestonpans, 
 
 Bonnie laddie. Highland laddie. 
 
ilttention 
 
 }\t the Front. 
 
 is naturally directed toward those in the front rank, whether 
 it be an army on the field or a business enterprise. Thus 
 the CANADA LIFE ASSURANCE COMPANY is to- 
 day more than ever in the eye of the public, for the 
 recent action of its management in strengthening the in- 
 vested reserve funds has had the two-fold effect of placing 
 the Company far in advance of its competitors, and at 
 the same time of largely increasLig the profit-earning 
 power for the benefit of both old policyholders and new 
 assurers. 
 
 I 
 
 Torioard 
 
 has ever been the watchword of the Canada Life, and 
 the marked advantage it derives from the important move 
 forward which has lately taken place will become more 
 and more evident when contrasted with the record of 
 those companies which lacked the essential strength to 
 thus move out in the open alone and unchallenged. The 
 Canada Life to-day more than ever before deserves the 
 title: 
 
 Canada^s Leading Company. 
 
 97 
 
jfV0^^f^ '"■ 
 
 BY 
 
 ROYAL 
 WARRANT 
 
 TO 
 
 HER MAJESTY 
 QUEEN VICTORIA 
 
 "Canadian Club" Whisky 
 
 DISTILLED AND BOTTLED 
 IN BOND BY 
 
 HIRAM WALKER & SONS, 
 
 LONDON, 
 NEW YORK, 
 CHICAGO, 
 ATLANTA, 
 CITY OF MEXICO, 
 VICTORIA, B,C. 
 
 Limited, 
 
 WALKERVILLE, 
 
 Ontario, Canada. 
 
 W^IDE and sustained popularity of an article is 
 almost certain proof of high merit, ^^ Canadian 
 Club'' holds a leading place in almost every part of 
 the civilized world. It is admitted that no other 
 single brand of wine or liquor is to be so generally 
 found wherever the traveller may go. 
 
 98 
 
Oak Mali Clothing 
 
 conforms to a man's personality— that's what we call Ait 
 in Tailoring:, because it is the result of thought. Each curve 
 of the garment represents a thought, and that's because we 
 build oui clothes with brains. 
 
 Ten, twelve or fifteen dollars is a price nearly everyone 
 can afford to pay for a suit or overcoat. These prices, how- 
 ever, arr thought by some to be too little. Opinions differ 
 just as prices do, but if you take the trouble to look up the 
 kind of garments wc sell at these prices, you'll agree with 
 us, as others do, that they are worthy garments for any 
 man, and you'll not be averse to saving $8.00 or $10.00. 
 
 The cloth, style, make and trimmings are just the same 
 as you pay your tailor $J8.00, $20.00 or $22.00 for. 
 
 OAK HALL, 
 
 w. sA.^o.n AUEv. '^'"''"f/r^^ff i^;/t£''''' (Clothiers, 
 
 "s/N^ 
 
 THE CONFEDERATION LIFE ASSOCIATION PUBLISHES 
 AN INTERESTING SET OF PAMPHLETS GIVING FULL 
 PARTICULARS AS TO ITS DIFFERENT PLANS OF I IFE 
 INSURANCE, AND WILL BE PLEASED TO SEND THEM 
 ON APPLICATION TO THE HEAD OFFICE, TORONTO 
 OR TO ANY OF THE ASSOCIATION'S AGENTS 
 
 
 Confebetation %itc 
 
 ASSOCIATION. 
 
 W. C. MACDONALD, 
 
 ACTl.ARY 
 
 J. K. MACDONALD, 
 
 AlanagJng Director. 
 
 HEAD OFFICE, - TORONTO. 
 
 99 
 
asmtmrnammame 
 
 m 
 
 Cowards 
 
 Cowan's Hygienic Cocoa 
 
 SliDiiId Ik; ill evciy liiiim!. Its alwdliite 
 |>iii'itv iiikI Kiiu t)av(ir i'i'oiiiiiiihmkI it. 
 
 (^OCOOL and ^^ Cowan's Queen's Dessert Chocolate, 
 
 — ^-^^— ^— Chocolate Cream Bars, Chocolate Ginger, 
 
 Chocolate 
 
 Chocolate Wafers, 
 
 Are delicious coiifucti(Hi« iiiul only re<iuire to 
 be tried to be uppreciiited . 
 
 ^ ^ 
 
 are used by everybody 
 who valiiBH health. 
 
 THE COWAN COMPANY, um.tco. 
 
 TORONTO. 
 
 MaNiiFACTunrnfl. 
 
 RODERICK J. PARKE, 
 
 CONSULTING 
 ELECTRIC/IL ENGINEER. 
 
 INVESTIGATIONS AND REPORTS FOR FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS ON 
 
 ELECTRIC RAILROADS, 
 
 LIGHTING AND POWER ENTERPRISES, 
 
 LONG DISTANCE POWER TRANSMISSIONS. 
 
 PLANS, SPECIFICATIONS, ADVICE ON TENDERS, TESTS, VALUATIONS. 
 
 .^'OO-.^IO TE/V1F«I_E BUILDING, 
 
 TORONTO, CANADA. 
 
 LONG DISTANCE TELEPHONE. 
 
 Scottish 
 
 CLAN, 
 
 FAMILY and 
 REGIMENTAL 
 
 Tartans. 
 
 3TTC 
 
 Designs and colors 
 historically correct shown in 
 
 Fine Saxony Wool Coatume and Kilting Cloths. 
 
 Tourist Reversible Bugs, Wrap Shawls, Mauds, Cloaks, Capes. 
 
 Handkerchiefs, Scarfs, Belts, Bibbons, Hosiery. 
 
 Glengarry, Balmoral and Prince Charlie Bonnets, Brooches, Buckles, Buttons. 
 
 Highland Suits made to order in correct style. 
 
 Estimates given for complete Begimental, Clan, Society or Camp Outfits. 
 
 JOHN CATTO & SON 
 
 King Street — opposite the rost-Office. 
 TORONTO. 
 
 The Canadian Birkbeck 
 
 Investment 
 
 and 
 
 Savings Company. 
 
 Incoi'jHinvted by S|>ecial Act of the 
 Parliiiment of Canada. 
 
 CAPITAL: 
 
 SuKscribed, $2,0(X),00().0O. Paid-up, $7"iO,000.00. 
 
 HEAD office: FREEHOLD BUILDI NG, TORONTO. 
 
 H. P. DWIOHT, Esq., Puksidest, 
 
 President Great North-^'t>sterii TcU'KrHph <"<>. of ('rtiimlu. 
 
 THOMAS LO' <J. Esq.. VkkPkksidknt, 
 
 I>irect<>r Merclmnts Himk of Crtiuulii. 
 
 S. H. EWiN(i, Esq., VkkPuksiuknt, 
 
 Vice-Prpsidcnt Molsoiis Hiiiik. 
 
 P. W. (}. PITZ(iEI{.\hr), MANAIIINd DlKKCTOK. 
 
 Agencies In all Principal Cities. 
 
 Full Isfgrmatlon on Application, 
 
 Money to Loan on Mortgages, and on Stocks, Bonds and Debentures. 
 
 The ('oiiU'a!i.v receives numey eitlier in 
 sninll or larije sums, ami for Tenii»orar.v 
 or Pennaiieiit Investment. 
 
 Savings Bank Department. 
 
 Interest at six, tive, and four jjer cent, according to agreement. 
 IQO 
 
 M 
 
 *■!! 
 

 ay 
 
 ACCIDENTS AND 
 
 The Ontario Accident disease. 
 
 ^"^ Lloyds Plate Glass 
 
 ISSUE SPECIALLY 
 ATTRACTIVE POLICIES 
 COVERING 
 
 Insurance Companies 
 
 Accident, 
 
 Accident and Sickness Combined. 
 
 Employers', EAST MURE & LIGHTBOURN, 
 
 Elevator, General Agents, 
 
 General and Public Liability, 3 Toronto Street, 
 
 Plate Glass. TORONTO. 
 
 The Best People Use 
 
 Jersey Cream 
 Baking Powder 
 
 STRICTLY HIGH GRADE. 
 ABSOLUTELY PURE. 
 WHOLESOME AND 
 ECONOMICAL. 
 
 EVERY POUND GUARANTEED. 
 ASK YOUR GROCER FOR JERSEY CREAM. 
 
 MANUFACTURED BY 
 
 Lumsden Bros.^ 
 
 84 McNAB STREET NORTH, 
 HAMILTON. 
 
 No. 9 FRONT STREET EAST, 
 
 TORONTO. 
 
 MANUFACTURER OF 
 
 JOS. E. SEAGRAM, 
 
 OF WATERLOO, Ont. 
 
 Fine Whiskeys. 
 
 Toronto Office: 
 
 30 Wellington Street East. 
 
 83 
 Brands : " OLD TIMES;' 
 
 "WHITE wheat:' 
 
 101 
 
^■n 
 
 II 
 
 :i 
 
 ^1TH\ S IS CANADA YEAR." 
 
 jVlassey-Harris, CJeveland, 
 
 _Welland Vale. 
 
 Brantford and Gendron Bicycles. 
 
 XHK sMipiisii,;^ .•.,inl,iimti..M ,,f H.-aiw,. „n.l nti,„.,n,.nt in thr |>i-,..lM,-ti„M of 
 
 -TTp^ .M u,„,.,..l MS „„|„.„„„j; .l,s,.,„,u,mthH,, , .l,a„i,.„l iM...lli„VM,..., ,„„l a,,,,n.,iati,M, Jft^ 
 
 n |„oj;„.>Mv,. iM-..nmt V. ami ..a,.!, >..,>„„ will tin.! I ;,,.,„ still fnitlin- ali.a.l .,f all ^' I ^^ 
 
 -jtlMMs n.a.l.. iM.ss.hl,. I,y tl.r vast aii.l al.soh.l.-lv ii , ,| nsnM.v.vs „„« al tUr 
 
 <li,s|Ki.sal lit fach plant . 
 
 Agents Everywhere. ^ EZ^ZZIZ Write for Catalogue. 
 
 Canada Cycle and Motor Company, Limited, 
 TORONTO, CANADA. 
 
 Printing 
 Materials^ 
 Type and 
 
 Machinery 
 
 of 
 
 every 
 
 description. 
 
 TORONTO TYPE FOUNDRY 
 
 HEAD OFFICE : 
 
 70 York Street, Toronto. 
 
 T' 
 
 "Mli largest and most complete 
 stock in Canada of Type, Inks, 
 g^ff Printino- Presses, Prass Goods and J^ 
 all materials required in Printino- '^^^'^ 
 
 Bookbinding- and 
 
 lithographing 
 
 Estimates Furnished upon Request. 
 
 Toronto Type Foundry Co., 
 
 J. J. PALMER, President. 
 J. T. JOHNSTON, General Manager. 
 
 LIMITED. 
 
 BRANCH WAREHOUSES: 
 HALIFAX, N.S., .IAS. C. .lONKS. .Man.u^kk. 
 
 •MOXTRKAL, (,t,K., <iK(). .\I. STKWAMT, .Manacki;. 
 \VINN1I'K(!, .Man., .]. ('. Ch'O.MK, .MAX.v.iKK. 
 
 VAXCOIJVKK, B.C., K. C. WILLSOX, .Mana,:kr. 
 
 I02 
 
 <-► 
 
 lii 
 
<-► 
 
 HUTCHINSON & SON, 
 
 (Jarriage 
 builders, 
 
 126 to 134 Simcoe Street, 
 1 to 9 Nelson Street, 
 
 Toronto. 
 
 Telephone 2479. 
 
 \NE HAVE IN STOCK ALL KINDS 
 
 WK MAKE A SPECIALTY <)E 
 
 Designing, and the Building 
 of Special Designs. 
 
 SPECIAL ATTENTION GIVEN TO REPAIRING 
 AND RE-PAINTING OF FINE WORK. 
 
 OF UP-TO-DATE VEHICLES. 
 
 Patronized by 
 HIS EXCELLENCY the GOVEKNORGENEKAL 
 
 and 
 HIS HONOR the l.IEU TENANTCJOVERNOR. 
 
 Manufactur • of the celebrated Royal Foot 
 Warmer, for use in either Carriage or House. 
 
 We have the most complete outfit for applying ail 
 kinds of RUBBER TIRES TO CARRIAGES. 
 
 Niagara River Line. 
 
 Niagara 
 
 Navigation 
 
 Co/s 
 
 Swift Steel Sidewheel 
 Express Steamers 
 
 CHICORA, 
 CORONA, 
 CHIPPEWA, 
 ONGIARA, 
 
 (Local River Steamer). 
 
 The Shortest and Cheapest Route 
 
 BETWEEN 
 
 TORONTO 
 
 NIAGARA-ON-THE-LAKE, QUEENSTON. LEWISTON 
 
 NIAGARA FALLS, BUFFALO, ROCHESTER, 
 
 ERIE, CLEVELAND, PITTSBURGH, 
 
 SARATOGA, CINCINNATI, 
 
 ST. LOUIS. 
 
 NEW YORK, 
 
 Philadelphia, Boston, Washington, 
 
 Via all routes connecting with 
 
 NEW YORK CENTRAL RAILROAD and MICHIGAN 
 
 CENTRAL RAILROAD AT SUSPENSION 
 
 BRIDGE AND BUFFALO. 
 
 Most Attractive 
 Route for 
 Summer Travel. 
 
 The Upper End 
 
 OF THE 
 
 Great 
 
 St. Lawrence 
 
 Tour. 
 
 The NORTH SHORE ROUTE 
 
 Niagara Falls, Toronto, 
 
 Kingston, Clayton and 
 
 Alexandria Bay to Montreal. 
 
 Thrnuah Tirhoic "'" ""^ Niagara river can be obtained 
 
 X luuu^n A |.t.lVt;f.d at all Railway and Steamboat Agencies in 
 
 the United States and Canada 
 
 JOHN FOY, 
 
 Manager. 
 
 ! 
 
 lo- 
 
 S»&as». J^i^BSifl^K^ii-i ^ ves. i "-« -si. a.?v ■ 
 
 ■ Ja-AuaWiite**)!!*!-- «t Aw Ats« j >;■:«.->. f 
 
The 
 
 Imperial Life 
 
 ASSURANCE CO. OF CANADA. 
 
 HEAD OFFICC, TORONTO. 
 
 PRESIDENT, HON. SIR OLIVER MOWAT. 
 
 CAPITAL, $10,000,000.00. 
 
 THE GOVERNMENT DEPOSIT 
 
 of Thi, Imperial Life is larger than that 
 of any other Canadian Life Company. 
 
 ALL ITS POLICY RESERVES 
 
 are on a 3yi per cent, interest basis. 
 
 FIRST AND PARAMOUNT 
 ABSOLUTE SECURITV TO POLICYHOLDERS. 
 
 E.G. COX, Managing Director. 
 
 The... 
 
 m 
 
 ...SYSTEMS. 
 
 PERPETUAL 
 LEDGERS . . . 
 
 omvimmHm \jf.... 
 
 LOOSE LEAF SYSTEMS. 
 
 TheCOPELAND-CHATTERSONCO.,Limite(i. 
 
 7B-77 aumau mr. w. 
 TORONTO. 
 
 33t-33a BOARD OF TKADB, 
 
 MONTREAL. 
 
 We invite correspondence for further information. 
 
 A. E. AMES. 
 
 E. D. FRASER. 
 
 A. E. Ames 
 &Cu. 
 
 Bankers and Brokers, 
 TORONTO. 
 
 Transact a Gener.il Financial Business. 
 
 Deposits received. 
 
 interest allowed at tnc r'''- of 4 per cent, per annu 
 
 Buy and Sell 
 
 HIGH-GRADE 
 
 INVESTMEN * SECURITIES 
 ON COMMISSION. 
 
 COR. KING AND VICTORIA STREETS, 
 TORONTO. 
 
 PAID ON DEPOSITS OF 
 $1.00 AND UPWARDS. 
 
 4% 
 
 PAID ON DEBENTURES 
 
 TO MUN FOR ONE, TWO 
 
 OR THREE VEARS. 
 
 INTEREST PAYABLE 
 HALF-YEARLY. 
 
 OOVERNMENT, 
 
 MUNICIPAL AND 
 
 CORPORATION 
 
 BONDS AND STOCKS 
 
 BOUGHT and SOLD. 
 
 Choice Invastment 
 Sacuritlas suitabia for 
 
 Daposit with the 
 Dominion Oovarnmant 
 
 always on hand. 
 
 Konay to Loan on Real 
 
 ■istata, Municipal 
 
 Bonus, Insurance 
 
 Policies, etc. 
 
 HON. GEO. A. 
 , W. BAILLIE, 
 
 Secretary. 
 
 COX, Prasident. 
 
 E. R. WOOD, 
 Vioe-Pres. and Man. Dir. 
 
 ' 
 
 104 
 
*e 
 
 ' 
 
 The 
 
 Toronto 
 l^itho^raphmg 
 
 Company, 
 
 LITHOGRAPHERS AND ENGRAVERS. 
 
 ALL PROCESSES 
 FOR ALL PURPOSES. 
 
 #1^ 
 
 Cor. Kin9 and Balhurst Streets. 
 
 Coronto. 
 
 THE 
 
 Fonthill 
 Nurseries 
 
 OF CANADA. 
 
 LARGEST IN THE DOMINION . 
 800 A CR ES. 
 
 We grow a oc-mplete liit of all the ordinary varieties 
 of ShrubB, Kosei, Oraamental Trees, Vines, He^ea, Fruit 
 Trees and Froit Bunbes, and make a specialty of all the 
 newer and better kinds. 
 
 Estimates famished for laying out Lawns, Public 
 Parkti and Boulevards. 
 
 Handsome 136 page Illustrated Catalogue free on 
 application. 
 
 We invite inspection of our large Nu.series at Font- 
 hill, where every attention will be shown visitors. 
 
 Manufacturers of high grr da White and Red Wines, 
 
 •specially suitable for medicinal purposes. 
 Vintage of 1890 Prices on application. 
 
 Address all communications to 
 
 STONE & WELLINGTON, 
 
 Nurseryman, TORONTO. 
 
 FIRE AND IVIARINE. 
 
 36riti6b Bmcrica 
 Hseurance 
 Company?. 
 
 1)ca& ©fflce, 
 Toronto. 
 
 iNCOnpoNATCO 1833. 
 
 CASH CAPITAL $1,000,000. 
 
 TOTAL ASSETS over . . . 1,470,000. 
 
 LOSSES Paid since Organization, 18,000,000. 
 
 Hon. GEO. A. COX, prcsidcnt. 
 J. J. KENNY, p. H. SIMS, 
 
 sccRETanv. 
 
 VICC-PRCaiDENT. 
 
 OVER 
 
 600 Acres 
 
 Ornamental Trees, 
 Flowering Shrubs, 
 Roses, 
 
 Rhododendrons , 
 
 Fruit Trees, etc. 
 
 VV/E grow a complete line of Nursery Stock, 
 '' including many specialties of great merit. 
 All stock is guaranteed true to name and of best 
 possible quality. 
 
 Estimates furnished for the laying out of 
 Lawns, Gardens, etc. Write for free Catalogue. 
 
 The Pelham Nursery Co., 
 
 TORONTO, ONT. 
 Nurseries, Offices, 
 
 Pelham, Ont. Toronto, Ont. 
 
 lO: 
 
THE 
 
 Cdiiddd Permanent and Ulestern Canada 
 Dlortgage Corporation. 
 
 HC«D OFFICE : 
 
 COMPANVS BUILDING, TORONTO STREET, TORONTO. 
 
 BRANCH OFFICES : 
 
 WINNIPEG, MAN , VANCOUVER, B.C., 
 
 ST, JOHN, N.B, 
 
 Paid-up Capital. 
 Reserve ?und, 
 flssers, ■ - 
 
 $6,000,000. 
 
 $1,500,000. 
 
 $23,000,000. 
 
 UEOK(iK liOdDKRIlA.M. I'lcsulpnt. 
 
 .1. HEHDKKT .M,\,S(>X, 1st Vii..-l'r,.si,leiit 
 
 Biid Cliiiii'iiian of Kxpcutive t'ommittpp. 
 
 W. H. HEATTY, 'Jnd Vicpl'rpsidpiit. 
 
 (ipihthI .MtiDiiKpr, . . , . 
 
 AsHlstdlit (.piu'rui Maii,'if;pr, 
 Miiimcer Oiitiirio Hntinli, 
 Assistnnt .Manuepi' Ontariii Uraiipli. 
 .Sii|ipi'iiitpii(Ipnt Priipprty l>p|ini'tiiieiil, 
 
 .SpiTPtar.v, 
 
 Trpanurpr, 
 
 Maiiaupr Maliit'ilia lirctiicli. 
 MaiiaKPr Hritlsii (.'ohitiihia lii-.-uir-h, . 
 ^laiiaffpr .Maritinip Proviiicps Iii-aN"h, 
 
 V/Ar/PEK S. I,EE 
 
 . K. S. HIDSON. 
 
 .lOHN .MASSEY 
 
 li. K. K. HARKI.S. 
 
 . .iOHN PATOX. 
 
 • (iKOKliE H. S.MITH. 
 
 ■ VV. CECII, I.EE. 
 
 ^Vll,r,IA.M .\I. FI.SHEK. 
 
 CKSAHE J. .MA HANI. 
 
 . W. E JIAJSOX. 
 
 Deposits Received. Debentures Issued. 
 
 IDonty 10 lend on Slocks. Bonds and Real £$iat(. 
 
 Weston's 
 
 Home-made Bread, 
 
 For excellence and stability 
 
 WESTON'S 
 
 HOME-MADE 
 
 i.s the Leading Bread of Toronto. 
 
 Historically — we are young. 
 
 Bread A(;k is no guarantee. 
 Purity, healthfulness 
 and sweetne.ss combined make 
 Good liread. 
 City Delivery — 30 wagons. 
 
 Bread shipped to all points. 
 
 PHONE 329. 
 
 George Weston^ 
 
 Model Bakery, ...TORONTO. 
 
 When Buying 
 
 Wall Paper 
 
 Ask your dealer for Goods 
 made by 
 
 M, Staunton & Co.^ 
 
 TORONTO, ONT., 
 
 and you will have 
 GOOD DESIGNS, 
 
 GOOD COLORING, 
 
 GOOD QUALITY. 
 
 Tlic iiiimi,' (III the iiiiuijiii (if tin- idll. 
 
 Wholesale Only. 
 
 What 
 we Sell: 
 
 Furniture, 
 
 Carpets, 
 
 Home Furnishings. 
 
 What we 
 Guarantee: 
 
 Prices, 
 
 Prompt Delivery, 
 
 Money Back if Wanted. 
 
 GET AN ESTIMATE, 
 
 THE. 
 
 ADAMS FURNITURE CO., 
 
 I79YONGEST. """"• 
 
 106 
 
WHAT IS IT? 
 WATCH THE CHANGE. 
 
 How many Blocks me there in tliis pile? 
 
 BOECKH'S RRIIRHFf^ 
 
 are always on the square, but are they on the 
 right or left side ? 
 
 TOUR DEALER CAH SUPPLY YOU. 
 
 BROWN 
 
 ASKS A FAVOR. 
 
 "Canada's greatest furniture store" requests 
 the privilege of figuring on every dollar you 
 spend on housefurnishing. 
 
 Brown harbors the belief that he can save 
 you almost one-fifth on every dollar you 
 spend from now till you die on anything 
 for the home. 
 
 The belief is worth investigating. Isn't it ? 
 
 Then he gives you credit if you want it. 
 
 Read his ad. daily in the newspapers, it's 
 always packed tight with value. 
 
 The J. F. BROWN CO., 
 
 "CANADA'S cnCATCST LIMIT 
 
 FURNITURE STORC," 
 ENTRAr.CE, S AND 7 QUErN STREcT EAST, 
 TORONTO. 
 
 The 
 
 Bennett & Wright Co. 
 
 LIMITED. 
 
 Engineers 
 
 "•'Contractors, 
 
 steam and Hot Water 
 Heating and Ventilating, 
 Eleetrio Light Installations, 
 Fine Sanitary Plumbing, 
 Steam and Electric Supplies. 
 
 Gas and Electric 
 Fixtures. 
 
 72 Queen Street East, 
 
 I to M Oaiiiousie Street, 
 
 Toronto, 
 
 Canada. 
 
 107 
 
CLOTHING AND FURNISHINGS. 
 
 "Tiger Brand" Clothing. 
 
 From maker to wearer. — Retail Department. 
 
 "Tiger Brand" is the best ready-made clothing manufactured in Canada 
 to-day — -best in materials — best in workmanship — best in fit — best in 
 finish— equal to the best custom-made clothing at about half the price. 
 
 "Tiger Brand caters to the clothing wants of men and boys in all callings 
 — for all seasons and all occasions, from the least expensive work- 
 a-day suit to the perfectly modelled dress suit — from the coarse but 
 comfortable " Ulster" to the dressiest of " Raglon's," and the Label's 
 
 your guarantee for quality. 
 
 Your money Back if you want it. 
 
 E.BOISSEAliCO./"ffK,ests 
 
 (r^oCiiettu^t^ 
 
 
 GOURLAY, WINTER J LEEMING. 
 
 Gerhard 
 
 Heintzman 
 
 Pianos 
 
 Have h Miestly earned the praise of 
 
 the leading tone-masters of this 
 
 country. There is not a note in 
 
 the whole range of the key-board 
 
 of a Gf.rhari) Hiuntzman Piano 
 
 but rings true and clear. Our stock embraces all the 
 
 Gerhard Heintzman styles and our store is arranged to 
 
 facilitate intelligent selection. 
 
 GOURLAY, WINTER & LEEMING, 
 
 188 Yonge Street, TORONT O. 
 
 1 08 
 
RUBBER GOODS. 
 
 We are manufacturers of all kinds of 
 
 Mechanical Rubber Goods, Belting, Packing, Hose, Valves, 
 
 Gaskets, Mats and Matting, Clothing, Bicycle Tires, 
 
 Solid Rubber Vehicle Tires. 
 
 Fife H0S6, " Maltese Cross " Carbolized Rubber Fire Hose, the most durable 
 hose in the world. Also High Grade Cotton Rubber-Lined Fire Hose. 
 
 "Maltese Cross" and "Lion" Rubber Boots and Shoes, 
 
 The best fitting, best-wearing and most stylish Rubber Footwear manufactured. 
 
 The Gutta Percha & Rubber Mfg. Co, of Toronto^ 
 
 LIMITED. 
 
 49-61-63 WEST FRONT STREET, 
 
 TORONTO, 
 
 Factories : 
 
 115-165 WEST LODGE AVE. 
 124-148 O'HARA AVE. 
 
 Canada. 
 
 The Most Popular Man tt Regiment 
 
 Says he "MISSES THE 
 
 Imperial 
 Oxford 
 Range 
 
 More than anything else 
 he Is compelled 
 to do without." 
 
 When cooking mule back or a lean 
 horse shank so much depeiuls on a 
 nice even lire that always answers 
 to a regulating touch — no wonder 
 the culinary artist of the. camp 
 longs for Canada's favorite range. 
 
 Housekeepers all over the Do- 
 minion praise them enthusiastically 
 — we'd like you to see *>iem. 
 
 For Sale by leailng dealers 
 everywhere. 
 
 ♦ 
 
 TH£ CVRNCY FOUNDRY CO., 
 Toronto, Limited, 
 
 Montreal. 
 Winnipeg, 
 Vancouver. 
 
 109 
 
 I 
 
AIKENHEAD 
 HARDWARE 
 
 DEALERS IN 
 
 FINE ENGLISH CUTLERY, 
 BUILDERS' HARDWARE, 
 
 AND 
 
 FINE MACHINISTS' TOOLS. 
 
 e ADELAIDE STREET EAST, 
 
 TORONTO. 
 
 Ontario Lead & Wire Co'y, 
 
 Limited, 
 
 Manutacturers of 
 
 W!re /Va//s, 
 
 Barb Wire and Staples, 
 
 Lead Shot, 
 
 Lead Pipe, Lead Traps, 
 
 White Lead and Putty, 
 
 DEALERS IN 
 PLUMBERS' SUPPLIES. 
 
 Agents tor Dominion of Canada for 
 
 RO^ALD'S RANGE BOILERS. 
 
 Office, 54 and 56 Lombard Street 
 Works, 55-59 Richmond Street tast. 
 
 TORONTO. 
 
 A. J. SOMERVILLIE, President. 
 C. F. SOMtRVILLE, Manager. 
 
 Arctic Refrigerators. 
 
 Arctics are biiiit of extra 
 seasoneci ash, and of an- 
 tique or natural wood 
 finish, as desired. The 
 inside linings nre of 
 heavy jj^alvanized iron 
 and specially prepared 
 spruce lumber. The 
 shelves are adjustable. 
 The doors are self-lock- 
 ing. It is mounted on 
 ball-bearinf<: castors. 
 
 We make all kindsand 
 sizes of Kefr iterators. 
 Ask for Catalo^jue and 
 I'ri'.'e List, describinR' 
 fully ou." family, Gro- 
 cers and Butchers' de- 
 signs 
 
 Our Guarantee A smaller consumptfcn of ice, the main- 
 
 -— tenance of a lower temperature and an 
 
 absolutely dry atmosphere, with perfect ventilation. 
 
 Jo/Ill IWiocli & Co., 
 
 TORONTO, CANADA. 
 
 The JOHN ABELL 
 ENGINE^No MACHINE WORKS CO., 
 
 TORONTO. 
 
 Limited. 
 
 ENGINES, 
 TANKS, 
 BOILERS, 
 THRESHERS. 
 
 Brand this in your brain : 
 " If it comes from Abeii's it's good." 
 
 ii 
 
 Tiie New ABELL Patent 
 
 Cock 0' the North" Separator 
 
 CROWS OVER ALL COMERS. 
 
 I lO 
 
The 
 
 Brown Bros.^ 
 
 STATIONERS. 
 BOOKBINDERS, 
 
 Limited. 
 
 Manufacturers of 
 
 Account Books ^ 
 Leather Goods^ 
 
 &c. 
 
 51-53 
 Wellington Street West, 
 
 Toronto. 
 
 The 
 
 W. 0. HARR 
 Prop 
 
 Canada 
 ^'-'Jy^etal Co. 
 
 WILLIAM STREET, 
 TORONTO, ONT. 
 
 MAKE A SPECIALTY OF 
 
 Babbit Metals, 
 
 Stereotype and Linotype Metals, 
 
 1-2 and 1-2 Wire Solder, 
 
 Piano Key Leads. 
 
 ALSO DEALERS IN 
 
 Tin, Lead and Antimony. 
 
 Telephone 1729. 
 
 IRolpb, Smitb 
 
 & do., 
 
 40 Mcllinflton Street llinest, 
 Toronto. 
 
 Ilttboorapbcrg, gnpravcrg, 
 Stattoncrg> an^ Emboggciu 
 
 LITHOGRAPHED LABCLS. CALENDARS, 
 
 SHOW CARDS, Ac. 
 
 FINELY ENGRAVED COMMERCIAL FORMS 
 
 Of ALL KINDS. 
 
 VISITING CARDS, NOTE PAPERS, 
 
 WEDDING INVITATIONS, SEALS, &C. 
 
 Dote papers SmbosscO wttb 
 'Kcotmental Crestd. 
 
 Give "OATS" a rest, 
 
 AND USE 
 
 FARINOSA 
 
 BREAKFAST 
 FOOD. 
 
 All Grocers sell it in Paoliages 
 15 cents each. 
 
 fT<i ■4 1 Manufactured by 
 
 T^he Ireland 
 
 National Food Co., 
 
 Toronto, Canada. '■'*""°- 
 
 MILLERS AND MANUFACTURERS OF 
 HIGH GRADE BREAKFAST CERFAL FOODS. 
 
 i 
 
 111 
 
 MWBW-wwranir!- «7h'ncBnua»'»««i«u«i«»«*»*»iST.'-i*K' nwm • 
 
FIRE AND MARINE. 
 
 ♦ 
 
 Mestcrit 
 Hesurance 
 Company. 
 
 tjcaD ©fflce, 
 Horonto. 
 
 iNCOHPOnATCD t«S1. 
 
 CAFITAt $2,000,000. 
 
 ASSETS over 2,320,00t>. 
 
 ANNUAL INCOME over . . . 2,500,000, 
 LOSSES Paid since Organization, over 28,000,000, 
 
 Hon. ceo. A, COX, president. 
 
 .1. J. KENNY, 
 
 VICE-PRESIDENT 
 
 C. C. FOSTER, 
 
 SECRETARY. 
 
 THK DEORCE 
 OF QUALITY 
 IN OUR 
 
 Bread, 
 Cakes 
 .nd Pies 
 
 Cannot bs 
 
 1 li^ msasursd by 
 
 words. 
 
 Our Bread is white, light and wholesome. 
 Onr Cakes and Pies are crisp, rich and 
 of delicious flavor. 
 
 Can we supply your table? 
 
 The TAIT-BREDIN CO., 
 
 744 and 746 Yonge Street. 
 
 Tel. 3133. 
 
 TRe NEWEST and BEST FICTION. 
 
 "Sons of the Morning," 
 
 By EDEN PHILLPOTTS. 
 
 Author of 
 "Children of the Mist," etc. 
 
 Paper, 75c. ; Cloth, $1.50. 
 
 "THE GIRL AT THE 
 
 HALF-WAY HOUSE," 
 
 By E. HOUGH. 
 
 Paper, 75c.; Cloth, >i 25. 
 
 "ROBERT ORANGE," 
 
 BY 
 
 John Oliver Hobbes. 
 
 Paper, 750., Cloth, *i.J5. 
 
 "The Gateless Barrier," 
 
 By LUCAS MALET. 
 {Chas.Kingsley*s eldest Jaughter) 
 
 Paper 75c.; Cloth, ti. 35. 
 
 "A Daughter of 
 
 Witches," 
 By JOANNA E. WOOD. 
 
 Paper, 50c.; Cloth, $i.ao. 
 
 Those who know those two 
 powerful and c(jnvincin(f books 
 -"LyinK Prophets" and "Child- 
 reii of the Mist," will be inter- 
 ested in this new work by the 
 sameauthor. ThesameEtrenglh 
 of imagination and vivid Eng- 
 lish characterize "Sons of the 
 Morning," and mark Mr. Phill- 
 potis as the natural successor 
 to Blackmore. 
 
 "an epic or THE WEST." 
 
 Nothing has been writteii on 
 the o|ienin(? of the West to ex- 
 cel this romance in historic in- 
 terest, and its freshness, vivid- 
 ness, and absorbing interest. 
 Will appeal to every Canadian 
 Reader. 
 
 The Star says: '"The School 
 for Sainls' was good, but ' Rob- 
 ert Orange.' unlike most se- 
 quels, is better . . . In sheer 
 cunning of style, Mrs. Craigie 
 has surpassed herself in this 
 exquisitely wrought romance." 
 
 The London Academy says : 
 "There is much to praise in the 
 book. The portrait of old . . 
 Mr. Rivers is drawn with sym- 
 pathy and genuine power ; Vir- 
 ginia, so dazzlingly perfect 
 within her limits . . is also a 
 brilliant sketch." _^_^_ 
 
 A clever tale by a new Cana- 
 dian writer. The characters 
 are well drawn and sketched in 
 a humorous and interesting 
 manner. 
 
 AT ALL BOOKSTORES OR PROM 
 
 W. J. GAGE & CO., Toronto, Ont. 
 
 Ontario 
 ^900- Mineral ^^qq- 
 Lands 
 
 Extend i,ioo miles from the St. Law- 
 rence river to the Manitoba Boundary, 
 and ranj^e from 50 to 100 miles wide. 
 Easily accessible by Water and Railway. 
 Three-fourths of the area unexplored. 
 In the first half of this year sales of 
 locations more than doubled last year's. 
 Mineral production increasing steadily. 
 Gold, Copper, Nickel, Iron and Corun- 
 dum discovered over extensive areas. 
 For Reports, Mininjjf Laws and all in- 
 formation apply to 
 
 Hon. E. J. DAVIS, or ARCHIBALD BLUE, 
 
 Comr. Crown Lands. Director Bureau of Mines. 
 
 TORONTO. 
 
 I 
 
 
 112 
 
BEST TONICS TO TAKE. 
 
 Excelsior 
 
 Coffee 
 
 AND 
 
 Beaver 
 
 Chocolate 
 
 AS SUPPLIED 
 
 The South African Contingent. 
 
 TODHUNTER, MITCHELL & (q. 
 
 Cocoa and Coffee Manufacturers, 
 TORONTO, CANADA. 
 
 Albion 
 
 JOHN HOLDERNESS, 
 
 Proprietor. 
 
 Hotel 
 
 BATHS AND ALL MODERN CONVENIENCES. 
 
 Lari{«8t Dining Room in the City- 
 
 Accommodation for 300 Guests. 
 Billiard Parlor. 
 Electric Bells. 
 
 Heated by Steam. 
 Barber Shop. 
 
 Fire Escape. 
 
 JARVIS STREET, 
 TORONTO, ONT., CANADA. 
 
 Take Parliament Street Car to East Market Square. 
 
 MONUMENTS. 
 
 A^E guarantee all our work 
 to be the very best, and 
 Qur prices the most reasonable. 
 
 TBe Mcintosh Granite 
 and Marble Co., 
 
 Limited. 
 
 1119 and 1121 YONGE STRFiiT, 
 
 (Terminal Yonje Street Car Route) 
 
 Telephone 
 4249. 
 
 TORONTO. 
 
 Builders of the Scottish Cairn 
 in Mount Pleasant Cemetery, 
 
 Don Valley 
 Pressed 
 * Brick 
 
 Trade Mark. "DON.' 
 Refiistered. 
 
 ^X^orks. 
 
 HIGHEST AWARDS IN COMPETITION WITH THE WORLD 
 AT THE COLUMBIAN EXPOSITION. 
 
 RED, BUFF and BROWN 
 DRY PRESSED BRICKS. 
 
 JL 
 
 Enamelled Bricks, 
 Vitrified Pavers, 
 Brick Mantels. 
 
 Head Office : 
 
 60 ADELAIDE ST. EAST, 
 
 Toronto, 
 
 CANADA. 
 
 113 
 
WREYFORD & CO., 
 
 85 King St. West, Toronto. 
 
 COMPLETE OUTFITS for all climates. 
 WOOLEN KHAKI SERGE 
 
 as supplied (o Imperial Yeomanry. 
 
 Woolen Puttees, Money Belts, 
 
 CAMELHAIR BLANKETS and 
 
 TRAVELLING RUGS. 
 Maximum Warmth; Minimum Weight. 
 
 LADIES' GOLF CAPES. 
 
 Dr, Jaeger's Sanitary 
 Woolen Underwear, 
 
 TRADE 
 
 5 weights : 
 Gauze, Summer, 
 Medium, Winter, 
 
 Extra Warm. 
 
 10 Sizes or Made to 
 
 Measure. 
 
 Caterers. 
 
 Weddings, 
 Collations, 
 Dinners or 
 Soirees, 
 
 in this or other cities 
 
 supplied in 
 
 the very best style. 
 
 Menus furnished on application. 
 Chocolates, Bon-Bons and Fancy Ices. 
 
 719 Yonge Street, Toronto. 
 
 Telephone 3423. 
 
 The York County 
 Loan and Savings Co. 
 
 (incorporated) 
 
 of Toronto, Canada. 
 
 HEAD OFFICE: 
 
 Confederation Life Building. 
 
 Toronto. 
 
 JOSEPH PHILIPS, President. 
 
 ESTABLISHED 1852. 
 
 GILLETT'S 
 GOODS 
 
 are the best. 
 
 Imperial Baking Powder. 
 Gilletfs Lye. 
 Magic Soda. 
 
 Magic Baking Powder. 
 Royal Yeast. 
 
 Gillett's Washing Crystal. 
 
 114 
 
Novelties and Specialties. 
 
 Rankin & (q, 
 
 536-550 Dundas Street, 
 TORONTO. 
 
 Phone 5217. 
 
 Re-Sawing, Sticking, Matching, Planing, 
 Bill Stuff, Lath, Shingles, Cedar Posts. 
 
 Sash, Doors and Blinds. 
 Band Sawing, Shaping and Turning. 
 
 EXCELSIOR, 
 LUMBER. 
 
 Butchers' Skewers, Picture Backing and Mouldings. 
 
 Ask us for Prices 
 
 On Warehouse Trucks, cither stock 
 
 or built to order. 
 
 I'^ull line of Wheelbarrows ami 
 
 I -awn Rollers. 
 
 EARTH MOVING IMPLEMEIVTS 
 
 Ploughs, Harrows, 
 
 Straw and Ensilage Cutters, 
 
 Pneumatic Land Rollers, 
 
 lurnip Drills, etc., c^tc. 
 
 Wiilcldr Cutalogue. 
 
 TRZ 
 
 Wilkinson Plough Co. 
 
 TORONTO JUNCTION. Limited. 
 
 »: 
 
 FRED. W. SMITH. 
 
 SID. SMITH. 
 
 Established 1843. 
 
 Smith Bros., 
 Carriage 
 
 And TT tX^^Otl 
 
 Works 
 
 Cor. Duke and 
 
 Special attention given to Parliament Streets. 
 R.epalrlng, 
 R.e.painting and 
 Trimming. 
 
 LORRIES BUILT TO ORDER. 
 
 Street Sprinklers and 
 
 Fire AppsLraLtus Specialtios. 
 
 Toronto Can C 
 
 """?f"'"""CANSi!!£SHEET METAL 
 
 ROUND AND SQUARE 
 OIL AND VARNISH CANS. 
 BAKING POWDER AND 
 SPICE TINS. 
 
 SPECIALTIES. 
 
 39 Pearl Street. 
 
 AUSTIN & BOEHLER, Proprietors. 
 
 I '5 
 
Gi and's Repository, 
 
 53. 53, 57 and 59 Adelaide St. W., 
 
 TORONTO, Canada. 
 
 ... # 
 
 S.uldU; Morses. Carriage Horse.i, l<'amily 
 Horses, Drivers, ( leneral Purpose Horses, 
 Draiijulu llorsi's, I'oiiies, etc. 
 
 New ami Secoiul-haiul Carriages, Dojf Carts, 
 
 Pha-toiis, lUigj^ies, etc., by the best 
 
 manufacturers in the vvorlcl. 
 
 Imported I'liiijlish and Canadian Harness, Sad- 
 dles, Bridles, Ruj.,rs. Horse Clothing. Robes, etc. 
 
 We keep every Stalile Retjuisite 
 for l'ri\ate .Sale every dav. 
 
 Auction Sales every Tuesday and Friday at 11 o'clock. 
 
 Established 1856. 
 Telephone 432. 
 
 WALTER. HARLAND SMITH, Proprietor. 
 
 S6e 
 TORONTO MORTGAGE 
 
 COMPANY. 
 
 Corner Toronto and Court Streets. 
 
 Capital paid up, 
 Reserve Fund, 
 Total Assets, 
 
 $724,540.00 
 . 250,000.00 
 2,788,468.15 
 
 Debentures Issued in Currency and Sterling. 
 Deposits Received and Interest allowed thereon. 
 Money to Loan on the Security of Real Estate. 
 
 WALTER. GILLESPIE. Manager. 
 ANDREW J. SOMERVILLE. Presld'^Kt. 
 
 Telephones 1221 and 972. 
 
 HEAD OfriCE, TORONTO. 
 
 Directors: 
 
 \V. !••. COW.W. t'n-siili'iit. 
 JOHN' RLKN.S. Viee-I'resiilent. 
 
 \V. 1'. .ALLAN, KkKDKKICK WvLll. 
 
 T. U. Wood. a. J. So.merville. 
 
 Jas. .Sco I r. 
 
 Agendas: 
 
 CanniiiKtiHi, 
 
 Chalhain. 
 
 Col borne, 
 
 Diii'huin, 
 
 l'N)rest, 
 
 Hjiri"i';ton. 
 
 KiUKrtton. 
 Mai'kliHin, 
 Paikdalf. Toto' t,i 
 I'icton. 
 
 Kichiiioiul HiK. 
 Stouffville. 
 
 .Vilsa Ciaiti. 
 
 Uowinain-iUe, 
 
 Uiantfoni, 
 
 Hrailford. 
 
 Urinhton. 
 
 Brussels. 
 
 Cainpbcllford. 
 
 Bankers: 
 Nkw York— Importers and Traders National Hank. 
 M()NTKK.\L-Canadian Bank of Conimerce. 
 Lo.NDON, England— National Bank o£ Scotland. 
 
 All banking business promptly attended to. 
 
 Correspontleiice solicited. 
 
 GEO. P REIO, Oaneral Manager. 
 
 1 lO 
 
 THE STANDARD BANK 
 
 or CANADA. 
 
 CAPITAL PAID-UP $1,000,000 
 
 RESERVE FUND 700,000 
 
^''^ Locomobile 
 
 Is the Only Practical Motor Carriage. 
 It is Not an Experiment. 
 
 It Costs Ltss than One Cent per Mile to Run it. 
 Its Speed Depends Only on the Roads. 
 
 MiinufaclureJ ^y 
 
 The National Cycle 
 and Automobile Company y 
 
 TORONTO, ONT. 
 
 Limited. 
 
 All the Leading Lines of Bicycles. 
 
 The above is a photograph of one of our Calla Lilies. 
 We cut 3,571 Lilies from this plant last year. 
 
 Call and see our Four Handsome Greenhouses which are 
 
 always filled with every variety of Window 
 
 and Bedding Out Plants. 
 
 Cut Flowars of all kinds for sale at our stora. 
 
 Designs made to order. 
 
 ARTHUR J. FROST, 
 
 Retail Stora: 
 
 1100 QUEEN ST. WEST. Oraenhouses: 
 
 Preston and Hallam Avenues. 
 
 The Total Abstainers' Company. 
 
 THt TEMPERANCE AND 
 OENERAl LIfE ASSIBANCE COMPANY 
 
 Is the Total Abstainers' Company in Canada. 
 It is therefore 
 
 The Best Company for 
 the Best Risks 
 
 As they are the best risks. 
 
 Every Total Abstainer should consult the 
 T. & G. before insuring;. 
 
 Hon. G. W. ROSS, 
 President. 
 
 H. suth; rland. 
 
 Managing Director. 
 
 HEAD OEFICE: GLOBE BlILDING, 
 TORONTO. 
 
 ''Music 
 hath 
 Charms''' 
 
 And so li H ve the 
 tdiifsof nuf Pianos, 
 whicli sound llieir 
 own pruisesin swuet 
 harmonious nt)te8. 
 The two poles ai u 
 not further apart in 
 distance than tine 
 and poor instru- 
 ments are in nnisi- 
 cal quality. Con- 
 cord aTid discord 
 are confounded by 
 constructions 
 which are pianos 
 only in form and Ufime. Our Pianos combine a pure, 
 sin^inR, violin quality, with an une.-icelled beauty in 
 appearance. 
 
 Descriptive Catalogue mailed on application. 
 Inspection solicited. 
 
 IKe NORDHEIMER 
 PIANO & MUSIC CO., 
 
 15 King Street East, 
 
 TORONTO. 
 
 Limited. 
 
 u; 
 
-^gj^&iiiafi- 
 
 Jmperial 
 
 Trusts Co. 
 
 32 
 
 CHURCH ST!IEET, 
 
 TORONTO. 
 
 Capital, 
 
 OF CANADA. 
 
 $400,000.00 
 
 INTEREST ALLOWED ON MONEY DEPOSITED. 
 
 (See particulars below). 
 
 DIRECTORS: 
 
 H. S. HOWLAND, Esq., Prasldant, Toronto. 
 
 J. 0. CHIPMAN, Esq., Vica-Prosldant, 
 
 Vice-President .St. .Stephen Hank, N.H. 
 
 HL'tiH St^OTT, Ksq., Insurance Uiulerwritcr. 
 
 A. S. IKVINU, Ksq., Director Ontario Bank. 
 
 C. J. CAMI'BELL. Esq., late Assistant Keceiver-tieneral. 
 
 THOMAS WALMSLEy, Esq., Vice-President (Jueen City 
 
 Insurance Company. 
 H. M. PELLAT'l', Esq., President Toronto Electric LIkIU 
 
 Company. 
 OWEN JONES, Ksq., C.E., London, Eng. 
 
 The Company is authorized to act as Trustee, Agent and 
 Assignee in the case o£ Private Estates, and also for Public 
 Companies. 
 
 Interest allowed on money deposited at 4 per cent, per 
 annum compounded half-yearly; if left for three years or 
 over, 4^ per cent, per annum. 
 
 Government, Municipal and other Bonds and Debentures 
 tor sale paying from 3 to 4^^ per cent, per annum. 
 
 J. S. LOCKIE, Manager. 
 
 Why Not 
 
 Get the best laundry service at your hand ? 
 We have been in the business 25 years. 
 
 Why Not 
 
 THE 
 
 Send your wash here? Prices are reason- 
 able, and we'll treat you and your laundry 
 
 White ^^ 
 
 HE 
 
 Parisian Steam Laundry, 
 
 OF ONTARIO, Limited. 
 
 67 Adelaide Street West, 
 TORONTO. 
 
 E. M. MOFFATT, Manager 
 
 THf. 
 
 TRADERS BANK 
 
 OF CANADA. 
 
 CAPITAL FULLY PAID, 
 REST, 
 
 »l, 000,00c. 00 
 150,000.00 
 
 Board of DIractors: 
 
 C. I). WARREN, Esq , President. 
 
 JOHN DRVDEN, Esq., Vice-President. 
 
 C. KI.OEPFEK, Esq., M.P,(;ueh>h. 
 
 W. J. THOMAS, Esq. 
 
 J. H. BEATTV. Esq.Thorold. 
 
 HON. J. R. STRATTON. 
 
 HEAD OFFICB, 
 
 TORONTO. 
 
 H. S. STRATHY, Gknekal ManaGEK. 
 J. A. M. ALLEY, iNai'ECTOR. 
 
 Branches: 
 
 llratuh. Mtinai^er, 
 
 Arthur N. Ross. 
 
 Aylmer H. P. MacMahon. 
 
 Drayton HA. Mallory. 
 
 Dutton N. Booker. 
 
 Elinira J. H Farmer. 
 
 Glencoe John Pool. 
 
 Guelph A.F. H Jones. 
 
 Hamilt"n .Stuart Strathv. 
 
 Ingersoll A B. Ord. 
 
 Leamington Jas. Watson. 
 
 Newcastle W. G. Bryans. 
 
 liraiuh. Mitnagtr. 
 
 North Bay D. Muir. 
 
 Orillia G. Rapley. 
 
 Port Hope . John L. Willis. 
 Ridgetown .E. E. Newman 
 
 Sainia F. J. Winlow. 
 
 Strathroy.W. Thomson Smith. 
 
 St Marys C S. Rumsey. 
 
 Sturgeon F's,M. C. Chalmers. 
 
 Sudbury N. T. Hillary. 
 
 Tilsonburg E. C. Jackson. 
 
 Windsor Geo. Mair. 
 
 Bankers: 
 
 (IRE AT BRITAIN— The National Bank ok Scotland. 
 NEW YORK-THE Amkkican Exchange National Bank. 
 MONTREAL-The Quebec Bank. 
 
 STANDARD BRANDS: 
 Toronto's Pride, - Lily Queen, - "Queen City," 
 Majesty, • Monarch, - Parkdale, - Gem, - Tower. 
 
 Queen City Mills. 
 
 ARCH. CAMPBELL, 
 
 Proprietor. 
 
 TORONTO JUNCTION, 
 
 ONTARIO. 
 
 MANUFACTURER AND DEALER IN 
 HIGH PATENT AND FAMILY 
 
 FLOUR, 
 
 BRAN, MIDDLINGS, 
 AND ALL KINDS OF GRAIN. 
 
 CAPACITY 700 BSLS. DAILY. 
 
 n8 
 
CORRECT STVLES AT MODERATE PRICES. 
 
 (St/ex. -Ooc/iore, 
 (S>ar/ot, 
 
 Office Hours— 7 a.m. <o 8 p.m. 
 Saturdays— 7 a.m. to 10 p.m. 
 
 Telephone 3928. 
 
 SS i^o/boine Q>/teei, 
 
 (2nd Wast of Laadsr Lane). 
 
 (Boi:onfo. 
 
 %^ 'J^ h^ ^ h^ J^ J^ J^ ^ J^ J^ J^ 
 
 LADIES' TAILORINO DEPARTMENT 
 UNDER COMPETENT MANAGEMENT. 
 
 Brighton 
 Laundry 
 
 7 BLOOR STREET EAST. 
 
 Established 1880. 
 
 J. A. POFFLEY, Proprietor. 
 
 m 
 
 nl 
 
 m 
 
 No Need 
 for Worry. 
 
 It is natural that one should feel 
 worried when their good coat or 
 trousers have become soiled or 
 stained. 
 
 Thia may be the case with some 
 of your military equipment. 
 But the worry vanishes when you 
 learn how well we take out stains 
 or spots froii? men's clothing; — 
 helping everyone to be always 
 well dressed. 
 Phone us and we will call for your parcel. 
 
 R. parke:r. & CO.. 
 
 Dyers a.nd CleaLners, TORONTO. 
 
 Head Office anil Winks, 787-791 Yonge Street. 
 
 Hranches : 
 
 aoi Yonge .Street, 59 King Street West, 
 
 471 yueen Street West, 1267 Oueen Street West, 
 
 J77 yueen Street hnst. 
 
 Phones 3037, 3640, 2143, 1004, 5098. 
 
 ROBERT BOND, 
 
 (Carriages 
 "••" (Joupes 
 
 AT ALL HOURS 
 DA Y OR NICHT. 
 
 Horses Bought and Sold on 
 Commission. 
 
 I''uur-in-Hanu Brakes to 
 carry lo to 20. 
 
 PRIVATl: TELEPHONES TO PRINCIPAL HOTELS. 
 
 M 
 
 Carriage and Coupe Stand : 
 
 19 to 27 SHEPPARD STREET, 
 
 = Toronto. 
 
 Telephones 109 and 979. 
 
 I 19 
 
" ".-^w^*3?«^-* ~"-i'-4i~C3i 
 
 ass 
 
 "Bhe Bank of Toronto. 
 
 CANADA. 
 
 Incorporated 1855. 
 
 Paid-up Capital, 
 Reserve Fund, - 
 
 $2,000,000 
 1.900.000 
 
 Directors : 
 
 (IKO. UOODKRHAM, Ksq., Tmonto, I'lesident. 
 W. H. HEATTV, Ksq.. Toionlo, Vice I'resident. 
 
 W. G. GoontRHAM, Ksq , Toronto. 
 
 Hknrv Cawthka, Ksq,, Toronto. 
 
 RoHEKT Rekoki), Esq , Montreal. 
 
 Geo. J. Cook, Esq., Toronto. 
 
 Charles Stuart, Esq., Port Hope. 
 
 Head Office. - - Toronto. 
 
 DUNCAN CouLSON, General Manager. 
 Joseph Henderson, Inspector. 
 
 Branches : 
 
 Toronto, Montreal, 
 
 do King St. W. Br. do Point St Charles Br. 
 
 Barrie, Gananoque, Port Hope, 
 
 Brockville, London, St. Catharines, 
 
 Cobourg, Peterboro Stayner, 
 
 CoUingwooil, Petrolia, Rossland B.C. 
 
 Current Accounts opened on the usual terms, and careful 
 
 aticntion driven to the business of the Hank's customers. 
 Drafts issued upon all Ihe Blanches of the Hank, or upon 
 
 ciirrespondenis available at any Banking town in the 
 
 no'ninion of Canada. 
 Drafts issued, available at anv pl.-ice in the United States, 
 
 or in Gieat Britain and Ireiand, 
 Letters of Credit issued for use of travellers in Great 
 
 Hriiain or on the Continent. 
 Commercial Credits issued for use in ah jarts of the 
 
 world. 
 Collections— Sperial attention given to the collection of 
 
 comineicial pa|ier throughout Canada and all parts of 
 
 the world. 
 
 DEPOSITS. 
 
 Deposit Aci olnts opened subject to withdrawal by cheque 
 on demand. 
 
 Special Deposits. —Deposit Receipts issued bearinginterest 
 
 at current rates. 
 SAVINTis DkPosits.- Deposits of I'ive Dollars and upwards 
 
 received and interest allowed thereon. 
 
 BANKERS: 
 
 LONDON, ENG.-The London City and Midland Bank, Limited. 
 
 NEW YORK— National Bank of Commerce. 
 
 CHICAGO— First National Bank. 
 
 MANITOBA, BRITISH COLUMBIA and NEW BRUNSWICK- 
 
 Bank of British North America. 
 NOVA SCOTIA -Union Bank of Halifax, Peoplea Bank of Halifax 
 
 s ENAMELED WARE ^ 
 
 " DIAMOND," " GRANITE STEEL," 
 PEARL" AND "WHITE" ENAMELED WARES. 
 
 When purchasing your Enameled Ware be sure and 
 see that our label is on every piece, as this ensures 
 perfect satisfaction. 
 
 Every piece guaranteed not to chip or burn. 
 
 We also manufacture all kinds and styles of TIN= 
 WARE and House Furnishing Goods. 
 
 KEMP MANUFACTURING CO., 
 
 TORONTO. 
 
 I20 
 
St. Margaret's College, 
 
 TORONTO. 
 
 A 
 
 A BOARDING AND DAY SCHOOL 
 
 FOR GIRLS. 
 
 A 
 
 «,v TBAPHFRS OF THE HIGHEST ACADEMIC 
 rPRoSH'LSTA.™0BMPLOVB». 
 
 A full Academic Course, 
 A rnll Mn»k»l Course, 
 A Fnll Art Course, 
 
 A Full Domestic Science Course. 
 
 MODERN CLASS-ROOM EQUIPMENTS. ^^ 
 LARGE LAWNS FOR TENNIS AND BCWLS. 
 
 A 
 
 FOR PROSPECTOS APPLY TO 
 
 MRS. GEORGE_DICKSOlM;ad^^ 
 
 BEST GRADES 
 
 GOAL AND WOOD. 
 
 Mrs. BisHop Miss Alexander 
 COSTUMING 
 
 HERD OFFICE, 6 KING STREET ERST. 
 BRANCHES THROUGHOUT CITY. 
 
 gmi' 
 
 CONGER GOAL GO. 
 
 imiTED. 
 
 AND 
 
 MILLINERY. 
 
 their premises at 
 
 406 AND 408 
 YONGE STREET. 
 
 .nd >.HK the .ac.Uties at their comrn.nd 
 ..e in a better position th.n ever to give 
 ,Keir Patrons their greatest attention. 
 
 Building and Loan 
 Association. 
 
 AuthorizedUpUal^.000.000. 
 
 1 ... Kiid copy of pamphlet 
 0„.. vevised pUu.s^«.e^ >.- --'^pJ.U-Uon.''^ 
 
 „K«A«E1,T STOCK PAR VA..E,1C..« SHAKE. 
 
 DEBEMTDRE BOSDS $100 EACH. 
 
 — ?^eS^f;o???o„rint^olen years. 
 TOTAL ASSETS... ^,..,.—-^^^^ 
 
 ; IJaVIES, - M«.«ln« Director. 
 
 FiiU particular! Inrnislied. 
 
 Temple Boildine, 
 
 Toronto, Out. 
 
 121 
 
THE ONTARIO BANK. 
 
 Capital Paid-up - - - $1,000,000.00 
 
 Rest 200.000.00 
 
 Profit and Loss Account 17,687.27 
 
 lli-.\n Oi FiiK, - - TORONTO. 
 
 DIRECTOKS: 
 
 l"i. R. R. Cockbiiin, Ksq., 
 Donald Mackay, Esq., 
 
 \. S. living', Ksq. Hon. J 
 D. Ullyot, Esq. R. D. I'erry, K,q. 
 
 Charles Mctiill, General Manajjei 
 BRANCHES: 
 AlHston, Kingston, 
 
 Aurora, Lindsay, 
 
 Bownianville, iMontreal, 
 
 Kuckinj^ham, (jjiie. Mount Forest 
 Cornwall, Newmarket, 
 
 Fort William. Ottawa, 
 
 Toronto — Scott and \VelHnj{lon Streets. 
 " Cor. Queen and Portland Streets. 
 
 " Yonge and Richmond Streets. 
 
 AGENTS: 
 London, Enjj. — I'.'irr's Bank, Limited. France and 
 Europe -Credit Lyonnais. New York— Fourth National 
 Bank and the .Aj^ents Bank of Montreal. Boston — Eliot 
 National Bank. 
 
 Piesidenl. 
 Vice-President. 
 C. AiUins. 
 J. Hallam, Esq. 
 
 Peterboro, 
 Port .-Vrlhur, 
 Sudbury, 
 Tweed, 
 
 FENSOM'S 
 
 ELEVATORS. 
 
 Electric. 
 Hydraulic. 
 Steam. 
 Hand Power. 
 
 COMBINING: 
 Safety, 
 Speed, 
 Economy 
 
 and 
 Good Workmanship. 
 
 EVERYTHING FIRST-CLASS AND 
 UP-TO-DATE. 
 
 50-56 Duke Street, TORONTO. 
 
 WHOLESALE. 
 
 Boots, Shoes and Rubbers. 
 
 The 
 
 OLDEST 
 HOLJE. 
 
 THE 
 NEVv'EJT 
 
 15-17 front St. L, TORONTO. 
 
 N. L. PiPEK 
 
 Railway vSupplt Co.. 
 
 LIMITED. 
 JI4 FkONT JiTRKtT WHT. 
 
 Toronto, Ont. 
 
 riAwtrACTURER i or 
 
 SHIP LAPiPi, RAILWAY JIONALJJ 
 AND LAMPi, ELECTRIC iTREET 
 RAILWAY LAMPi and ilONALi, 
 
 LIOHTHOLliE JIONALi and LAMPi, 
 
 Etc., Etc. 
 
 I 
 
 i:!2 
 
.? Guard! 
 
 D-O-D-D^S 
 
 MILITARY SUPPLIES 
 
 OUR SPECIALTY. 
 
 We can supply you with everything- 
 called for in the reguhition eciuipment. 
 
 Saddlery and Accoutrements, 
 Officers^ Outfits. . . . 
 
 ADAMS BROS., 
 
 176 and 178 King Street East, 
 
 TORONTO. 
 
 TKAOC 
 
 ^-v5Nv\t'^V/./ 
 
 tjiMGquAyT/ 
 
 Front Rank Right Guide 
 
 is the position of the KING 
 QUALITY Shoe in the army 
 of shoes for men. 
 
 IT FITS WELL, 
 WEARS LONG, 
 LOOKS NICE. 
 
 THE 
 
 J. D. KING CO., 
 
 TORONTO. Limited. 
 
 Choice Flowers. 
 
 Y^E carry a large and extra 
 fine stock of all 
 seasonable varieties, 
 and our prices are 
 always reasr.nable. 
 
 Choice Roses, Fancy Carnations, 
 
 Lily of the Valley, Violets, 
 
 Orchids, etc. 
 
 DUNLOP, 
 
 5 King St. West, 445 Yonge St., 
 
 TORONTO. 
 
 Send for descriptive price list. 
 

 |{itt?H5?!!!nnf?«««»!!t51l!llff!!H5:Si!!!!!i?fn!fS??^^,. 
 
 PURE GOLD 
 
 Jelly Po^ivder, 
 
 QUICK DESSERT. 
 
 Flavoring 
 E^xtracts* 
 
 TRUE TO NATURE. 
 
 Baking Pow^der* 
 
 HIGH GRADE ONLY. 
 
 AT YOUR. GROCERS. 
 
 '■iiaiiiiiiaiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiaaBsiiaiiiaiiiiiiiiiiiiia**' 
 
 I 
 
 R. s. Williams \ 
 
 & Sons Co., I 
 
 MANUFACTURERS 
 
 OF 
 
 HIGH CLASS 
 
 Limited. 
 
 
 PIANOS 
 
 AND 
 
 i 
 
 "The Echo'' and" Artisr t 
 
 Stringed Instruments. ♦ 
 
 Dealers in Band Inslrunients, 
 Bagpipes, and Musical Mer- 
 chandise of all descriptions. 
 Catalogues Free. 
 
 The R. S. Williams & Sons Co.^ 
 
 Limited, 
 TORONTO. 
 
 IN USE EVERYWHERE. 
 
 * * * 
 
 SAFFORD 
 
 RADIATORS 
 
 FOR HOT WATER AND 
 A STEAM HEATING. A 
 
 Send for Free Book. 
 
 *' * * 
 
 TRe 
 
 Dominion Radiator Q. 
 
 TORONTO. LIMITED. 
 
 The largest Radiator ManufacSureis under the British Flaa. 
 
 THE 
 
 MERCANTILE 
 
 AGENCY 
 
 R. G. DUN & CO. 
 
 HEAD OFFICE: Established 1841. 
 
 290 Broadway, ^EW YORK. 
 
 AND ISO BRANCH OFFICES IN THE PRINCIPAL CITIES 
 
 OF THE UNITED STATES, CANADA, EUROPE 
 
 AND AUSTRALIA. 
 
 CANADIAN OFFICES AT 
 
 TORONTO, HALIFAX. HAMILTON, 
 
 LONDON, OTTAWA, QUEBEC, 
 
 ST. JOHN, NELSON, MONTREAL, 
 
 WINNIPEO, VANCOUVER, VICTORIA. 
 
 124 
 
ROBERTSON'S PAINTS 
 
 READY MIXED 
 
 PRESERVE and ADORN 
 
 BOTH WOOD 
 AND METAL 
 
 Whether Houses, Barns, 
 Wagons, or Implements. 
 Cover them with our Paint 
 and they will wear longer 
 and look better. : : : : : 
 
 Send for Color Card. 
 
 The JAWES ROBERTSON CO., 
 
 Limited. 
 rORONTO. 
 
 IDenzic -Turner* 
 
 LimiUd. 
 
 The 
 R. Laidlaw Lumber Co., 
 
 Wholesale Dealers In 
 
 LUMBER, 
 LATH -' 
 SHINGLES. 
 
 Manufacturers of 
 
 VV^indow Shades, 
 
 Curtain Poles and I'i.xtures, 
 
 Picture Frames and 
 
 Room Mouldings, 
 
 Stair Plates, 
 
 Moulding Hooks. 
 
 Shade Pulls, Drapery Pins and 
 
 Art Wood Work. 
 
 CatalogiieH imd Price Lisls fiiriiislied on application. 
 Trade Only. 
 
 Offices and Salesrooms, 80 BAY STREET, 
 Factories, KINO STREET SUBWAY, 
 
 Toronto. 
 
 The Northey Gas and Gasoline Engine 
 
 Is the most successful example of a 
 handy, inexpensive power in the market. 
 Can be managed by anyone — uses either 
 Gas, Natural Gas or Gasoline for fuel — 
 inexpensive to run — absolutely safe. Uses 
 fuel in proportion to work done. : : : ; : 
 
 The ideal mutor for an intermittent or inexperienced pover uaer. 
 Send for Illustrated Descriptive Catalogue. 
 
 700 Kins Street West, 
 
 Toronto. 
 
 ] 
 
 [ 
 
 NORTHEY JORONTO 
 
 Nortiiev Pumps for Every Duty. 
 
 We are manufacturers of over five hundred differ- 
 ent types of pumps for stationary and marine duties. 
 Our Pumps are the Standard in Canada for up-to- 
 date features and general excellence. Catalogue 
 showing stock sizes, also specifications for any 
 special type of pump sent on request. 
 
 The Northey Co., Toronto. 
 
 '25 
 
• — 
 
 \>>*KSSMK\T MVf*TK^[. 
 
 
 • 
 
 The ^ Cardinal Points 
 
 ^^ Of the l.O.F. System on which 
 
 its success has been established : 
 
 Liberal Policy^ 
 Equitable Methods^ 
 Capable Management, 
 Prompt Settlement of Claims, 
 No Assessments at Death. 
 
 Full iiifurination rogardintj the I. O. K. System of 
 Fialernal Ass'irunce can be obtained from aiiy officer or 
 member. 
 
 HEAD OFFICE, TEMPLE BUILDING, 
 
 TORONTO. 
 
 ...Branch Otiices in... 
 CHICAGO, ILL: LONDON, ENGLAND: PARIS, FRANCE: 
 CALCUTTA, INDIA: MELBOURNE, AUSTRALIA. 
 
 ORONHYATEKHA, M.D , JR., JOHN A MCGILLIVR AY.Q.C . 
 S C. B.. TORONTO. S.S.TORONTO. 
 
 • 
 
 
 
 
 
 r-^ ; 
 
 "Wl^mf'-H 
 
 .11 
 
 '^^wjiglj 
 
 L* -3- . , 
 
 ■ Ik. 
 
 V? 
 
 t — 
 
 ORONHYATEKHA, M.D., J. P., 
 
 SUPREME CHIEF RANGER, 
 
 1 0. F. 
 
 
 John Macdonald & Co., 
 
 WHOLESALE... 
 
 Dry Goods. 
 
 Men's Furnishings, Woollens, 
 
 Haberdashery and 
 
 Carpets. 
 
 WELLINGTON AND FRONT STS. E., 
 
 TORONTO. 
 
 + + 
 
 + + 
 
 G. O. ROCHE, \ 
 
 + 
 
 + 
 + 
 
 + 
 + 
 + 
 + 
 
 + 
 + 
 + 
 + 
 + 
 + 
 + 
 + 
 + 
 + 
 + 
 + 
 + 
 
 + 
 + 
 + 
 + 
 + 
 
 DEALER. IN 
 
 Milk, 
 
 Jersey Cream, 
 Fresh B\itter, 
 Bvittermilk, 
 
 + 
 + 
 + 
 + 
 + 
 + 
 
 + 
 
 + 
 + 
 
 Etc. 
 
 TELEPHONE 2312. 
 
 163 JoKn St., 
 
 TORONTO. 
 
 tt1.i.+++^;^++i-*++-H-t-H-H-1-1- ^..f 4.4.4. 4.x 
 
 126 
 
THE.. 
 
 National "" *''"""" 
 
 Company of Canada. 
 
 AUTHORIZED CAPITAL, 
 $1,000,000.00. 
 
 Head office: 
 TEMPLE BUILDING, TORONTO. 
 
 H S. HOWLAND, 
 
 PRCSIDiNT 
 
 R. H MATSON, 
 
 MANAGING DIRECTOR. 
 F. SPARLING, SECRtTABV. 
 
 Dominion Paper Box Co. 
 
 MANUrACTUR^ER S 
 
 AND... 
 
 IWOKTEKj, 
 
 36-40 /-p 
 
 ADtLAIOt JiTRtET WtST, I OR.ONTO. 
 
 A. A. BARTHCLMES & CO., 
 
 89-91 Niagara St., 
 ==^^=^** TORONTO, CANADA. 
 
 RIANO 
 ACTIONS. 
 
 HIGHEST AWARD 
 THE WORLD'S FAIR. 
 
 Telephone 679. 
 
 Used by all High Grade 
 Canadian Piano Manufacturers. 
 
 J. YOUNG, 
 
 (ALEX. MILLARD), 
 
 UNDERTAKER AND EMBALMER, 
 
 359 YONGE STREET, 
 
 PRIVATE MORTUARY 
 
 TORONTO. 
 
 OUR..., 
 
 GIVES PERFECT SATISFACTION. 
 
 It i.s ;is clear a.s crystal and tree from .specks, 
 weeds or snow. 
 
 All our ice is from Lake Simcoe, especially 
 prepared for home use and delivered as directed 
 by courteous and oblig-inj,'- men. 
 
 Note. -We are the only dealers in Toronto 
 who have always handled Lake *>imcoe ice ex- 
 clusively. 
 
 PHONES |i«j7. 
 
 BELLE EWART ICE CO., 
 
 LOOK FOR """' "'""■ 
 
 YELLOW WAGGONS. '« Melinda St., TORONTO. 
 
 S.TIDY&SON, 
 
 Florists. 
 
 ORDERS BY MAIL OR 
 WIRE PROMPTLY 
 ATTENDED TO. 
 
 All kinds of Floral Work and Decorations 
 executed In an artistic manner and style. 
 
 TELEPHONE 208U 
 
 Store and Conservatory, 
 75 Kl 
 
 ~o"s™tT «It. TORONTO. 
 
 Established 1815. 
 
 Gpo. C. Rosers, Maragcr. 
 
 RooERi &, Company, 
 
 Successors to JAMES H. ROGERS, 
 
 Manufacturers of 
 
 FINE FURS, 
 
 Importers of 
 
 HATS. 
 
 COR. KINO AND 
 
 CHURCH iTREETJ, 
 
 12: 
 
 TORONTO. 
 
BRITISH 
 
 LINIMENT. 
 
 A Soothing: and Healing: Veg:ctablc Compound. 
 Useful for Man or Beast. 
 
 Cures cuts, bums, sprains, siilT joints, painful 
 Nwellinsrs, contracted cords, rheumatism, bites and 
 stings of insects, croup, quinsy, etc. 
 
 For domestic animals it is invaluable for corks 
 kicks, cuts, ringbone, calloused lumps, enlarged glands' 
 colic, scours, etc. 
 
 PRICE 2So. A LARGE BOTTLE AT ALL DRUGGISTS. 
 
 J. H. WILSON. TELEPHONE A. H. RICHARDSON, 
 
 PHESIDENT. ..flIO.. SEC TTRE*S. 
 
 THE 
 
 JOHN RITCHIE 
 
 Plumbing and 
 
 ESTABLIIHED 1657. 
 INCORPOKATCD Ift'l'i. 
 
 Heating Co., 
 
 64-66 Ad£laide Jtrnttr Eait, 
 TORONTO. 
 
 LlniTCD. 
 
 Plumbing, jteam and Hot Watkr Hlating, 
 Combination Oas and Elkctric 
 
 CHANDELIERi. 
 
 The latest specialties in Siiniiaiy Appliances and HeatinR 
 
 Apparatus, Pendants, fJlobes, .Shades, Biackets, etc., 
 
 in great variety. 
 
 R.EMODELLING OLD WORK A iPECIALTT. 
 
 JP10KE TEiTINO 
 
 APPLIED TO DEFECTIVE PLUnBING ON APPLICATION. 
 
 British American 
 Business College, 
 
 /A 
 
 A business course is the round-up for practical 
 life what success is to be reached in the future 
 will depend much on it. 
 
 The fofty-one years' record of this college, 
 with its important improvements and growth, 
 suggests a school where neither parents, guardians 
 or students will be disappointed. 
 
 BOOK-KEEPING, STENOGRAPHY, 
 TYPEWRITING, PENMANSHIP, 
 BUSINESS LAW and ADVERTISING. 
 
 Handsome prospectus for the asking. 
 
 BRITISH AMERICAN 
 I BUSINESS COLLEGE, 
 
 /^ 
 « 
 
 « 
 A 
 A 
 A 
 A 
 A 
 A 
 A 
 A 
 A 
 A 
 A 
 A 
 A 
 A 
 A 
 A 
 
 Y. M. C. A. BUILDING, 
 
 COR. YONCE AND McOILL STS., 
 
 A 
 
 TORONTO. * 
 
 ij — A 
 
 3; DA yiD HOSKINS, 
 
 A Chartered Accountant, Principal. 
 
 BOOKBINDING 
 
 FOR THE TRADE 
 IS OUR SPECIALTY. 
 
 PRINTING AND PUBLISHING 
 HOUSES FIND IT TO THEIR AD- 
 VANTAGE TO HAVE US DO 
 THEIR WORK. 
 
 WE CAN GIVE YOU SOMETHING 
 TASTY AND ARTISTIC. 
 
 WE CAN DO IT PROMPTLY FOR 
 YOU. 
 
 CALL AND SEE US. 
 
 Wilson^ Munroe & Cassidy, 
 
 MANUFACTURING BOOKBINDERS, 
 
 28 Front Street W., TORONTO. 
 
 128 
 
«p^ 
 
 tcticat * 
 
 Future A 
 
 3Wth, * 
 
 xlians A 
 
 king. * 
 
 I \ 
 I I 
 U 
 
 ro.J 
 
 — iiig^B