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BULLETIN LXXXL 
 
 BEES IN RELATION TO FRUIT. 
 B,jJ. H. ranton, M.A., I'rof. of Bidoyn, Ontario Auriadtnml Colle,je. 
 An Act passed by the Ontario Legislature last session referring 
 to the preveution of spraying fruit trees while in blomu, has led to 
 considerable discussion among fruit gro-er. and bee keepers. . The 
 former feel that they should be permitted to spray whenever thoy 
 desire, claiming that bees are not killed from visiting rprayed trees 
 in search of nectar and that this cry of alann raised by bee-keepers 
 is unfounded. Further, many are under the impression that bees 
 injure ripe fruit, and that ih is questionable whether bees are aa useful 
 in the fertilisation of fio Aers as is claimed for them by their admirers. 
 Tlie bee-keepers, on the other hand, maintain that boea are import- 
 ant in the fertilisation of flowers and thus become necessary to fruit 
 production; that they do not injure fruit and that they are killed 
 where trees are sprayed while in bloom. They go so far as to say 
 that honey is aflFected where bens have been poisoned by Pans green. 
 In this somewhat confused state of affairs a bulletin bearing upon 
 bees in -elation to fruit should bo of interest and practical benedt 
 when tl.e following Act {passed April, 1802) is about to be enforced : 
 1 Vo ne-8on in sprivvinK or Hprinkling fruit trees during the period within 
 which M°ch^;^eH are i [ufl bt.tn ^hall use or cauH. to.b- u«ed anyjn.xture con- 
 TainSg PariHTreen or any other poisonous substance injurious to beea. 
 
 a. /. .y pernon contravening the nrovimon« of this Act, "t^*" on summary con^ 
 
 . vinitrn th'ireof before a iustice of the peace, be subject to a penalty of not lew 
 
 yicticn thjreot twiore a J"»"^ . ^^ without costs of prosecution, and in case of 
 
 i fine*«r^fin "and ooet" b^ing^waided and .f the same not being upon conviction 
 ? XJ fh ?«^d the^ustice may oomniit the offe.uier to the common gaol, there to 
 Kn'iS.i'^^d' fo'i'aiiy^erm^Sot "exceeding thirty days nnlens the fine and cost, are 
 8oonei- paid. 
 
 3. This Act shall not come into force unSil the Hrst day of January, 189J. 
 
 Bees in Rklation to Fehtilisation. During the procei of fer- 
 tilisation the contents of the pollen grains become mingled wiyi those 
 of the ovules, after which the latter develop into seeds. This takes 
 place somewhat as follows : The dust-like substance (pollen) on the 
 ends of the stamens falls upon the top of the pistil. The outer coat 
 of the pollen grain bursts and the inner pushes out in the form of a 
 tubfi. which forces its way from the top of the pistil down though 
 it until it reaches the ovary (the lowtr and oniar^eU pait oi vno 
 pistil) where the ovules are located. In the meantime a minute 
 Structure (germinal vesicle) has formod in the ovule. This point 19 
 
2 
 
 ^^ofal^^^^^^^ of elements take- p,,ce 
 
 P»«' 'I ? This effected, fertiJiaati^n wHI In u P?"f.? ^*'"« ««' to the 
 
 ^ords, cross-breedinc whioh 1 * cross-fertilisation or i n ? J 
 
 M more metal tim bw. w? ^^■'" """ i«»«r<»,tini, ProceM „„ i 
 
 vations in»V?« ,?•?*: ''^ *^e structure of tJ,« a ^ *''®^ ^ross- 
 
 lave been eiveni^ ? """^ *•'«■<»" hives In^ "" '""" 
 
 ^® seed showed those of th« 
 
ing among the flowlrs ^ **■"" unfavorable to bees work- 
 
 feSuo^ ;;:ri£S 'l^^''^^^'^"^ -- - *»'« <i-tion of 
 
 lin^;rirves'l;^n^rJ^L?^^^^^^^^^ A.on; th« 
 
 under the direction of the W^^ ^f ^^'^ «»"•«'! on 
 
 care nor expense was witlSd bv thl .'^'Sr"^^'"''^' ^^ S- Neither 
 was intrusted. Hives we«,kenf l^^I?-^''"^^.'? ^'^ ^'^^^ ^^« ^o-'k 
 bees could not escape In thfs J^n ^ ^"u'*'"* '"■«"' ^^^'^^ ^^e 
 
 valuing from gPoe„rdead ripe wel^ffieS^'Tr-r*" '^"'^ P^""«' 
 of food and left with the frui^t ^xZed^rtk J.k' ^"^ • T 'f ^^P"^^'* 
 1 when hunger affected them M^ny came to th:^ '"•?5' • "'^'^ 
 time but never br)ke the skin \Zji 1 , ^'"'^ '''O" t>me to 
 at once fed upon the exud nir u J TK ''"^u^"^? '* broken they 
 use their jaws fn cutting op "Vpla:e ^hT^"'** "° '^"^^"^^ *° 
 thirty days and other bees tried wlti, • -1 ^^ "^ continued for 
 food was taken only from fru"twW.h T^'^l' ''"'"'^- ^" *» ««««« 
 Consequently it ap^r« That bees t^U J^ • •^'^ P'T''^"«'y ^^-oken. 
 dusion arrived at b>manrobfler?l.lr*l°J^ ^'•"•^ » con- 
 
 were undertaken. ^TWs fs Xt 'li^/^^^ 
 
 ture of the bee's mouth is Insid^ifS \l"?^P^^«^ T^en the struc- 
 cast of wasps which are suoXd uT^K • '".??f^ ^'«^''«»' »» tbo 
 skin, and in all iS^t ^t ! i*""' '"''*^^« ^ »*^^ 
 
 upon which some ob^r^^^te^rnbe^^^^^^ '^'-^-^^ ^uit 
 has been collected upon the amTnT nf • • ^^'i"'^' ^"''^ ^^'^ence 
 and it all seems to ZZ fovor of eln! T'L^T ^^ ^"^ ^° ^^uit, 
 of injuring sound fruit ^'^oneratmg t»he bee from the charge 
 
 Paris Grern IN Relation TO Bphs t«»« 1 . 
 ing is carried on extensi elvtt h^- »^ u P "^" '^^^''^'P^y- 
 
 introduction of that pra tS manv h \ °^'""'"'* ^^^^ «'"«« the 
 tim« trees are in bloom anT^^^/ k' ^'^^^ P^^ished during the 
 brood also perished ' "' °^'^'*^*" '^^^^ »o«oed that the 
 
 altS:^gh%tetrberr^^^^^^ -^— Now 
 
 for the purpose of ascertaininrtL nrl f **'"' °^ '''« ^«»d ^ees 
 
 of the bLs is so intimateTTssocUtKr/^ arsenic still the death 
 but little reason to believe' oXlte' S.' TiT^Tu^ 'i^*^ ^'^^ --« 
 puisonea by Paris </r«fin naoA ;„ - •' — ; "V" "*^ "'-'"'^ nav« been 
 
 will likeiy Ln baldly ^n ral^'ofter.- ""7^'' '"^^ 
 
 posed to have been poisoneiL andThf } \ '"'^'®' ^^ »*««« «up- 
 
 u poisoned, and I hftve no doubt arsenic will be i^ 
 
Prof. Cook of Michioan Lm Zvl k ^S"?*^"'*"™! College, 
 of Paris green in the pZ^rZS7fjL7r±'''' '^"^ * »<Su«on 
 mixture used in «prayingCs) pJoveTf^L, ° '^ «'".°?' ^* ''°""°°» 
 Rfgarding the effect upon honev Iw» ^ ^^ *»"''° 24 houm 
 opmion The writer is nTawLre of Inl ^^''^''^^'^blo Jiversity of 
 been undertaken to show that Te,? tLT^ e^fpenraents having as yet 
 " m the minds of some very prcticLli^ 1 "^''^^' '^^'S^ 'here 
 McEvoy. who is thorough^ ^rvb^L'"!'' '""'i f '»»« inspector. Mr. 
 duced at the time of sprtyiL S i 1''' * S'^*' ^«" 'hat honey pro- 
 writer would suMest thlf .« '^ » dangerous article of food Thn 
 
 chemist already^Sr^i to JoTa"!:^^^^^^^^ **^°«^ '- «-''^^ho 
 regarding the iubject. *' '''^'^ ^^^ ^^^ ««> longer any doubt 
 
 inirr^^^^^^ by practical men 
 
 by most disastrous Jesuits to b^s in ?^« "'1.^''" '« ^^''^^^^^ 
 
 doubt some degree of injury to thdtresLfaraf^^^^^^ and no 
 
 Thb T,mb to Sprav To -n . • "'' " concerned. 
 
 P^t mistake, because it ^J Tw'ite oT 'TT '° ^^^"''^ «» » 
 The plum curculioand cod ng m^^are T'T- * ' *''"" ^^^^ f^uit. 
 to destroy with Paris green. ThTadurof .I'*'';' '"«'"•«'' ^« «eek 
 m the plum just beneith the skin and In . ?. ^T""'' ^^^ ''» W 
 any great extent till the fruit is !^/ Zl "^^''^'''y ^ be present to 
 while the trees are in bloom is c^^Zoif^^'^ "'^P'^'°« *»»« Poi^on 
 thought necessary to attack inLcterfn!!?. '^i- ^'^^'^ '^'^ *>««• " 
 may be done, and afterwaS^ L, '^, *^^ V''"*' °^ *^^^^ 
 «r« m^i^r. ai^rwards, but certainly r^oer whUe L t^^s 
 
 birm'^Tofl"^ -^ .^^eposits its eggs in the 
 
 before the fruit is set wKJ^kT' ""'^'^^ " »'«o made by snravin^ 
 . The portiofof^t pl't fut" rhicW"^^ .'/" ^''^ '^'°- ^'^^^^ 
 ingly tender and sensitive so ^ch Jo tJJ? T"'" Z*"" " ^^-^^^d- 
 substances as Paris green injurit ?^'« '^"^ application of such 
 process of fertilisation is aCed If I"^} *". ^'^'^^^ 'hat the 
 checked. With these facte k!f« '''^ development of fruit 
 
 investigation, it does seem ttn^^/nhrt T "'^^"* ^^ -"««^fio 
 spray at a time net in accord 3hef! V""^ 7°"'^ ^^'^n.pt to 
 anyone would feel it a hardshin fo '*'%*^«°*>'ng« of science, and that 
 aw calculated to protect^'&^^^'^ST "" '^^ ^quirements of a 
 ■he producers of fruit and honev Snri-'^'' ?° ""r^tant classes as 
 but as time rolls on and .kI ^l. J?P'^*7'"« " °°ly in its infant, 
 pmcticability of the Taw referrS*^"wni'^r'"^" "'^^ general, "the 
 the efforts of thos, seeking to X^e Tt in^"°™M '"°''« ^^''^^"^ and 
 
 9 w enioroe »t thoroughly appreciated.