IMAGE EVALUATION TEST TARGET {MT-3) ^^- <:^^^% ^^< Z 4^d? :^f.' 1.0 1.1 11.25 UilM |25 itt IM |Z2 S lAa 12.0 6" Fhotographic Sciences Corpopalion 23 WIST MAIN STREIT WIBSTIR.N.V. 1 4510 (716) •73-4503 <1> t^ r^^n :^ CIHM/ICMH Microfiche Series. CIHM/ICMH Collection de microfiches. Canadian Institute for Hiatorical Microreproductions / institut Canadian de microreproductions historiquet t^ ^™,~^Ft^^^^^ , ' -.''l' T«chnical and Bibliographic Notaa/Notaa tachniquaa at bibliographiquas Tha Instituta haa attamptad to obtain tha boat original copy availabia for filming. Faaturaa of thia copy which may ba bibliographically uniqua, which may altar any of tha imagaa in tha raproduction, or which may aignificantly changa tha uaual mathod of filming, ara chaekad balow. 0Colourad covara/ Couvartura da eoulaur D D Covara damagad/ Couvartura andonimagte Covars raatorad and/or laminatad/ Couvartura raatauria at/ou palliculAa [~n Covar titia miaaing/ Le titra da couvartura manqua □ Colourad mapa/ Cartaa gAographiquaa un eoulaur n ^ D D D D Colourad ink (i.a. othar than blua or black)/ ncra da eoulaur (i.a. autra qua biaua ou noira) r~~| Colourad plataa and/or illuatrationa/ Planchaa at/ou illuatrationa an eoulaur Bound with othar matariai/ RalM avac d'autraa documanta Tight binding (Tiay cauaa ahcdowa or diatortion along intarior margin/ La fB liura aarria pout eauaar da I'ombra ou da la diatoralon te long da la marga intAriaura Blank laavaa addad during rastoration may appaar within tha taxt. Whanavar poaaibla. thjaa hava baan omittod from filming/ II aa paut qua cartainaa pagaa blanchaa ajoutiaa lora d'una raatauration apparaiaaant dana la taxta, maia, toraqua cala *tait poaaibla, caa pagaa n'ont paa iti filmiaa. Additional commants:/ Commantairaa supplimantairas: L'Inatltut a microfilm* la maillaur axemplaira qu'il iul a iti poaaibla da aa procurar. Laa ditaiia da cat axamplaira qui aont paut-Atra uniquaa du point da vuc bibliographiqua. qui pauvant modif iar una imaga raproduita. ou qui pauvant axigar una modification dana la m^thoda normala da filmaga aont indiquiia ci-daaaoua. □ Colourad pagaa/ Pagaa a D Pagaa da eoulaur Pagaa damagad/ Pagaa andommagtea Pagas raatorad and/or laminatad/ Pagas raataurtea at/ou palliculias ryi Pagaa diacolourad. stainp d or foxad/ Pagaa dAcolortas. tachet4aa ou piquAas Pagaa datachad/ Pagaa ditachias Showthroughy Tranaparanca Quality of prir Quallt* inAgala da I'impraaaion Includaa aupplamantary mataris Comprand du material auppiimantaira Only adition availabli>/ Saula Mition diaponibia r~~1 Pagaa datachad/ r~^ Showthrough/ r~| Quality of print variaa/ r*n Includaa aupplamantary matariai/ rn Only adition availabli>/ Pagaa wholly or partially obacurad by errata alipa, tiaauaa. 4tc., hava baan rafilmad to nnaura ttia baat poaaibla imaga/ Laa pagaa totalamant ou partiallamant obacurciaa par un fauillat d'arrata. una palure, ate., ont *ti filmtea 6 nouvaau da fapon it obtanir la maillaura imaga poaaibla. Thia itam ia filmad at tha raduetion ratio chaekad balow/ Ca documant aat film* au taux da riduction indiqu* ci-daaaoua. 10X 14X 18X 22X 26X 30X y 12X 1IX aox a4x 28X 32X _iup!iim/ '"v'tf Th« copy filmed hari has bean raproducad thanks to tha ganaroaity of: Stminary of Qutbsc Library L'axamplaira filn>* fut raproduit grica A la g^nArosit* da: SAmirairt ds QuMmc Bibliothkiut , Tha imagas appearing here are the beat quality possible considering the condition and legibility of the original copy and In keeping with the filming contract apaeiflcationa. Lea imagee auivantas ont ^t* reproduUes avac la plua grand soln, compta tenu ICES. RSPOn'TSiD BV 1. "WA-TSOTf. QUEBEC: PRINTED AT THE "MORNING CHRONICLE" 0FFICT3; 1868. -■;;-< 1^1"; ■*■" linn ft I ^ ? > * 8. ! FINANCIAL STATEMENT OF THI HON. CHRISTOPHER DUNKIN. ArrcK Tua Rkcbss, LEGISLATIVE ASSEMBLY, Fkijoay, Uth February^ 1869. . Hon. Mr. Ckavvcao reported a message from His Excellency, with fha estimates for the 18 months, commencing 1st July, 1867, to 31st December, 1868. Hon. Mr. Donkin rose about eight o^clock to make his financial state- ment. He said : Mr. Spbakkr, — I regret very much that I am compelled, feeling that on this occasion I must say more than I have the physical capacity to repeat in two languages — possibly more than I have the physical capacity to utter in the language more familiar to me — to ask the House to listen to me this evening in the English language only. I hope the House will excuse my omission as not voluntary on my part. I think it will believe the omission is not due to want of will, but to want of physical ability, as I have stated. [Hear, hear.] I will endeavor, should'occasion offer, as it very probably will in the course of the discussion on the supplies, to repeat in French any explanations which any hon. member may desire. Under ordinary circumstances,— >if I were at all able to undertake the labor of speaking in both languages, — I would do so 'with the greatest pleasure. I cannot address the House on the occasion of presenting the motion which I shall have to place in your hands, without so deep a feeling of the embarrassment of my position as obliges me to allude to it^ even in the first sentences of my speech. It is not merely that I have to discharge a very grave and arduous duty for the first time ; it is not merely that I feel I have to do this under circumstances, I may say of hurry and pressure, which are not quite ordinary ; it is not merely that the duty I have to discharge is new to me, or that this Legislature is met for the first time. There is even more on the present occasion to be considered than all this. The cir- cumstances under which we meet render this motion in the strictest sense of ihe word a new one. Everything connected with the procedure may be said to be new ; new, in the sense of the political institutions which bring , >' us together for the first time — institutions which I may not only call new, but describe as on their trial. I feel, then, that the responsibility which falls on me in undertaking this step is all the heavier for this. Should any mistake be made, should any failure of this system arise from any error of judgment of mine, the responsibility which would weigh on me would, certainly, not be slight ; and I hope I shall be pardoned if I say the sense of that responsibility on me at this moment is so great, that if I did not feel supported by what I am sure is the present sympathy ol the members of the House, based upon a certain sort of good will, and, perhaps, I may say personal confidence in me — [loud cheers] — I should be more than half afraid of undertaking the difficult task that falls to my lot to-nigbt As it is, I will say this to the House— they may depend upon it, that fttl 1 do utter shall be uttered with the firmest conviction on my part that what I say is true, and with the utmost frankness and unreserve which any man in my position can practice towards a deliberative body. [Cheers.] It may be necessary I should say some words more before I go further, as to thb novelty of this position in which we find ourselves, and to which I have already in few words alluded. After an experience of 26 years, of the working of a system, which was called when first introduced a Legis- lative Union of Upper and Lower Canada into the late Province of Canada — after a 35 years' working of that system, premature, though, perhaps, it was when introduced — certainly inaugnmted under many circumstances of unhappy omen, which gave poor promise that it could work well ; and with many circumstances in the course of its history, that tended to pre- vent it froni working altogether well, — after, I say, 25 years' operation of that so-called legislative union, which gradually came to work after the fashion of a federative system — by what may be called the consent of every- body so far as the Province of Canada was concerned, a new system of government has been inaugurated, under which we meet here. This sys- tem is called a Federative Union, in contradistinction from t. Legislative Union. It is of larger geographical extent than the old Union, which, after 25 years of life, has come to an end. It aims at a far larger geogra- phical extension ; it aims to embrace within it the great North West Ter- ritory, the whole of the vast northern poition of this continent of North America. But this system. Federative in name, is in many essential re- spects absolutely new. There are points of superficial resemblance in abundance to the great Federative system that has been for a long time in operation to the south of us ; bqt there are also points of radical contrast be- tween the two systems presenting themselves every where. Ours is a system by no means closely like that which generally prevails for the great Em- pire of which we form part ; but it has, I venture to think, more points of resemblance to that, than it has to the apparently more similar constitution of the Great Republic to the south of us. Now, beginning institutions of this kind, under this system absolutely new, aiming at so great results, and surrounded by so many circumstances which must prevent the cautious man from feeling perfectly sure to what those results may lead, it is of the last importance to us that we take our first steps under this great new sys- tem advisedly, in the right temper and in the right state of mind. [Cheers.] I think it essential, absolutely essential, that every man who calls himself a public man in Canada, let alone the man who claims to be a statesman, should not merely say, but show by his words and acts, that he gives to V. this new system of ours a warm, uahesitatinff, thorough supporf. [Loud cheers.] He should show that he is determmed to carry it tnrongh in the best way it can be — not with a preconceived idea of working it more into the shape of a Legislative union, nor yet with any preconceived idea of worlcinff it into anything more of a Federative system. Take it at it is. Conceal none of its difficulties. We are bound to look at them all. Let us face them boldly and at once ; but let us look at them fairly, and with a determination that, if it be possible, every difficulty shall be overcome. We are not scheminff to bring about any changes of our system ; but are sincerely desirous ofworking it in the best way we can, careless in what direction it may t^nd, whether more towards a Federative or a Legislative system—probably I should be more correct in saying, wishing it may change neither one way nor the other, but may last essentially as itis,witn no strong tendency to change in any way whatever ; because that is the best state of a nation's existence in which the bulk of the people are con- tent and happy, proud of their institutions, developing them in peace and quiet from good to better continually. Now, in order that we may do this, that we may enter on our new duties in this temper of mind, I do not hesitate to say I think it is above all thinffs necessary we should approach the questions that regard the status of this, our Provincial Legislature, in the union, free from that belittling spirit which, I am sorr^ to see, does prevail in some quarters. So sure as this temper is shown in high places — so sure as any consider- able party among our people set themselves to belittle the provincial por- tion of the institutions of this our Federative system, so surely there must grow up a strong counter-party, and an agitation which, tending to develop the Federative principle, and to augment the importance of the Provinces at the expense of the Dominion, must have the worst results ; not merely the result of raising irritating sectional cries, and of renewing agitation for changes of constitution — bad as that must be — but of raising cries tending to disorganisation, and creative of divisions and disorders in the nature of revolutionary agitation. We must be on our guard against all attempts at representing the Provinces as of small importance, whose affairs can be conducted easily, and the mode of conducting which is a mere secondary matter. The Provinces in our system have no municipal character. There are those who talk of them as great municipalities. [Cheers.] But the Legislature of this Province, and the Legislatures of the other Provinces have no municipal character whatever. [Cheers.] They are the Parliamentary creators of municipalities. [Renewed cheering ] The municipalities are our creatures, subordinate to us here. We are not simply at the head of the municipal system ; we are above that system, its masters, its makers. None of the functions of the Provinces have a muni- cipal character. They are not derived from the Dominion ; they are not dependent on the Dominion ; their authority is not subordinate to that of the Dominion. It has far more the character of co-ordination. It is derived from the same authority; it is a division of the functions of the whole system ; not into higher and lower, nor into larger and lesser ; it is ddivisioa of functions, founded on state considerations of convenience. Certain fuiictions, over a wide territorial space, are thrown upon one body called a Parliament ; and certain other functions, not less important to those under their government, devolve on the organizations of the Provinces. ladeed, ia one most important respect these Provincial Legislatures and Governments of ours have even a higher decree of autonomy or indepen- dence than those of the Dominion itself; for, by the act of the Imperial Parliament which created us and them, we are almost absolute masters of our constitution, and they are not, in any theoretical respect, masters of theirs. [Cheers.] Over anything and everything, save only whai aficcti* the position of the Lieutenant Governor, who, in Tier Majesty^s name, ad- ministers our Government, we have the power of dealing, with no other control than that which is nominally thrown over alt our legislation. But» the Parliament of the Dominion cannot touch her constitution, without going to the Imperial Parliament for leave to do it. In that respect we are very far from being subordinate to them. We are not generally subordi- nate. The functions ascribed to ns embrace the management of every- thing affecting the public lands or domain ; almost everything that is to work for the material welfare of our people ; the control almost unlimited of everything atlecting our civil rights ; the control over almost everything regarding the constitution of our courts ; the absolute mastery over our municipal and educational institutions ; the control over all manner of considerations of finance affecting all these large interests. Do not call all this municipal. It is jus>t as important to the people that these func- tions be performed well, in a first-rate manner, by first-rate m^n, as it is that the other func lions which devolve on the Government and Parliament of the Dominion should be well performed by them. [Loud cheers.] I do not know even whether it is not of more importance. There are many questions exclusivv'y of our resort, which the bulk of our people feel closer to their hearts, which affect their interests and passions more intensely, than anything that can happen at Ottawa. The vibrations of our pulse nre to be affected more in the years to come by what passes here than by what passes there. [Cheers.] If this proposition be true as regards all the Provinces, and I think it is, it is particularly true as regards the Province of Quebec. There is no doubt, whatever, as to this} — that to a very great extent the Federative form impressed on our political institutions, has been due to the peculiar position of this Province of Quebec. We are here a people with many peculiarities and associations that separate us from the other Provinces : a division of language, a style of division as re- gards faith, that does not prevail elsewhere ; and there are reasons in abundance why all of us — I care not to what language or faith we may be set down — should desire that as regards these questions we should be left to find the solution of all our own difficulties among ourselves. [Hearty cheering.] The new system has thrown us upon ourselves, and I, for one, am not sorry that it has. We may just as well admit the fact, and act upon it. The system has thrown us upon ourselves to conserve and harmonise the elements of society that exist in the Province of Quebec ; and from our geographical position as regards the other Provinces, to exer- cise a similar conservative and harmonizing infiuence as respects their people and institutions. Whatever notions may prevail elsewhere in the Dominion as to the policy or propriety of efforts to change our system, either in one direction or the other, within the Province of Quebec, I feel satisfied no sound-thinking, well-meaning public man, with any preten- sion to call himself a statesman, can be slow to recognise the fact that it is not for us here to think of making them. I am particularly desirous to be understood as expressing myself emphatically on this point, it being w« onl wil iircs and indopen* Imperial lasters of asters of Hi affcctH ame, ad- no other on. But, without t we are subordi- >f every- liat is to nlimited erything )ver our inner of not call se func- as it is liament .] I do ; many il closer tensely, ilse are y what all the rovince great IS, has Ve are 'ate us I as re- ons in nay be be left Nearly )r one, id act : and ebec ; • exer- their in the stem, I feel reten- Ihat it )us to being well known that when this new system wns under discussion I was not one of those who regarded the proposition that it should be introduced, with favor. Now, sir, there is one first, obvious application ol the principle I have been endeavoring to lay down, to the matter which 1 shall have shortly to bring before this House. I refer in general terms to the (lucstion ol eco- nomy. There are those who, affecting to ihink very little of provincial institutions, appear also to be determined to exact from them an amount of what they call economy, but which I should call parsimony, which is idimply, for all practical purposes, impossible and unadvisable. The distmction between parsimony and economy is one which wc must not lose sight of. A very wise utterance of a very old time tells us — *• There is that scattereth and yet increaseth : and there is that withholdeth more than is meet ; but it tendeth to poverty.'* If we want to have our work well done — and I have been trying to enforce on this House the conviction, which I think they feel, that we do want our work well done — we mu»i take care that it is done by a suiiicient number of fit men : and if we want it done by fit men in sufficient number, we must pay fit prices; and this wc can:iot do without the expenditure of a certain amount of money. If any man undertakes to tell methe affairs of this Province can be carried on without spending money, — with what some call economy, with what is but ill-judged economy, parsimony, ipeanness, — I take issue with him at once. It is simply impossible. You may get men to serve in insufficient numbers, with insufficient qualifications, for insufficient pay ; but you will take nothing by it ; it will be that ** withholding of more than is meet which tendeth to pov vty." You want to have your v/ork well done. But if your scale of remuneration be too low, if you have every man coming into your service anxious as soon as he can to transfer his capacities to Ottawa or elsewhere, as they may be better appreciated — if everything here is to be little and mean, and everybody that has anything to i\o with our sy> .,n is to be ashamed of it, and desire to get out ol our service to something else — you will find the public will suffer from this false economy. If every employer of labor is to pay higher than we, can we have anything but refuse labor ? Our employees will be planning and scheming to get out of our service, instead of assiduously devoting themselves to the efficient discharge of its duties. This belittling practice would besides have the effect upon our public men, of turni» , their attention away from this Province to another sphere, and prev nting them from throwing their efforts into the working-out of our system in a manner to advance the prosperity of Quebec and the Dominion generally ; they would identify themselves with Dominion struggles and party cries, merely making our provincial machinery subsidiary to the bigger machinery at work else- where. You must not have the membeis of your Local Government con- tinually anxious to get out of it, or your members of the Legislature more anxious than is unavoidable under the circumstances, to escape its toils. You must not have the Government employees in a disposition of anxiety lo give up your service. Yon must try to get the earnest services of fit men; and to do that I tell you that although you should not pay extrava- gantly, you must pay a fair price or you can not have the fair article. (Cheers.) In this matter the law of demand and supply prevails. The >*"orificcd of public and official life are too great for most peoplejo make 8 in Ihcse Provinces. Men here cannot, except in a few instances, afford to make the sacrifice of working for the p^iblic entirely at their own cost. (Hear, hear.) The community have no right to expect it. They have no right to ask their subordinate officials, or their higher officials, or their members of Parliament, to do that for the public which they will not them- selves do for tiie public. (Cheers.) The thing to be obtained is not the smallest possible outlay of money for the article called legislation and government ; it Is the utmost possible result ficom that outlay. We want the utmost economy consistent with the utmost efficiency we can procure. We want the greatest result obtainable: by the best use of all our means. What is the result we had need come at ? Thoroughly good administra- tion of the aflfairs of the Province, in respect of all those great interests to which I have alluded — namely, the management of our Crown Lands, the attraction of immigration, the prevention of emigration from among ns, the development of our agricultural and manufacturing interests, of our law, our educational system, and so forth. It is good government and good legislation we want ; and we must get that article for what it neces- sarily must cost. Our utmost efforts, our utmost means are not too much to give for so grer.t a result, if only we can get it. (Cheers.) Ofcouvse I hope nobody will think me arguing in favor of extravagance. I ask only for that amount of liberality that is needed to secure the desirable rfsult I have spoken of. Watch as closely as we will, occasionally jobbery and over-pay will be the result of our dealings with employees. But we must do what we can to guard against such evils. Above all things, keep your men sharp at work, make them work, and wheu yon do, pay them. (Cheers.) Now, sir, there is another matter with respect to which I have to say something, in connexion with this novelty of our present political institu- tions. At first sight it might almost seem that th<^ duty of a Treasurer or Finance Minister, at the outset of the finances of the Province, must be easy enough, as he ought to have no old balances to deal with or old trans- actions to carry on. Unfortunately for me at this moment, such is by no means the case. In one sen»e our institutions are rew ; but in another sense, as Treasurer of the Pro/ince, in seeking to exp.ain these first votes, I have got to go back io a great many transactions that are old ; and I have to state circumstances arising out of those transactions, which make it simply impossible — and I am sure the House will see it is so — for me to say much to the House which, under other circumstances, I should be glad to sav — too proud to be a who, while servants of the Dominion, are charged with duties in reference to our revenue, and will be for some time yet. They are partly servants of the Dominion, and partly servants of Quebec ; partly concerned in the carrying on of a revenue service in which Ontario has as yet a certain sort of joint interest. The eollection of the timber dues is another illustration of the same sort of thing. We have here also certain officers who are servants at once of the Dominion and of Ontario and of Quebec. In this state of things it is simply impossible that any one can undertake to say — ^what, if it were possible, would be the first thing to be said, namely — what is the precise financial position from which this Province starts, I canLut state its debt or give any reliable account of its assets. I cannot even correctly state as yet its sources of revenue, or its classes of servants employed in collecting that revenue. There is no doubt, of course, there is a debt, but the ques- tion of how large it is, is precisely the question as to which the House will see my lips are entirely closed. I might give a guess ; but here, ofiicially, I have no right to start an opinion or an argument on the subject ; not merely for fear of making a mistake, but because, with those questions yet to be settled with the Dominion and Ontario, no one who has anything to do with that settlement has any business to meddle with the questions otherwise than in connection with the forthcoming negotiations. If we here get into discussions on these subjects we may in the course of those discussions among ourselves advance propositions anything but favorable to our own views, We have to keep all that officially to ourselves. In a short time we shall know 9II that is necessary ; and until we do, an absolute restriction of official reserve is upon myself; and I am unable officially to say anything about the matter. As to these assets also, I have no right to speak. I cannot here enter into any discussion of what may be their des- cription or value. It would be entirely wrong if I were to undertake to discuss any of the matters concerned in this question ; and of course the House will take this explanation I am giving frankly, at the outset, as the reason why I do not. We have got a certain debt which I cannot state, although everybody may have his own opinion as to its amount. We have our share of those joint assets and certain other assets. We have a subsidy from the Dominion of which everybody knows the gross amount. It is however, liable to diminution for our share of the joint debt, and that diminution I am unable to state or argne about. We have sources of revenue from direct taxation of a certain kind, stamps and other duties that we collect ; and I may be allowed to mention, en paaMtU, that it was but a very little v/hile ago, only within the last few days of my stay in Ottawa, that I found some of the officials ol the Dominion entertained a strange idea as to the nature of those duties. I do not believe it to be entertained by the Federal Government — I believe it to be abandoned. I allude to the fact, merely to show how impossible it is as yet to express any strong opinion on matters of this kind. We have our revenue from Crown Lands, but as to the various revenues collected through this depart- ment, not a few are connected with those joint assets, the rule for dividing which is not yst a..^rtaiiied. We have other revenues with reference to 11 Dominion , falling to hose very ntario and ints of the , and v^ill nioc, and !" a revenue rest. The me sort of )nce of the lings it is if it were he precise te its debt ly state as collecting t the ques- louse will , officially, bject ; not estions yet nything to questions as. If we ie of those f favorable ves. In a n absolute fficially to no right to their des- iertake to sourse the set, as the inot state, mnf. We Ve have a IS amounl. t, and that sources of ler duties hat it was my sJay in :rtaine(l a e it to be idoned. I lo express nue from lis depart- ir dividing ferenoe to which the same remarks apply. The only items respecting which no such remarks are to be made, are those coming under the heads casual and miscellaneous, which may be said to be of no particular account. What, then, it may perhaps be asked, has been done by the Govern- ment towards coming at a settlement of these questions, the doubtfulness of which'I have bren compelled to state ? I think the question may almost be said to have answered itself. What in the seven months past could one have done ? With elections in the Dominion, and in the Province of Quebec; with all the business of organising the departments here ; with all the pressure upon the departments of the Dominion consequent upon the work done there for the Provinces, and with necessary changes at Ottawa almost amounting to a re-organization of the departments there ; with the formation of a new Government in the Province of Quebec, and with almost ail the officials of every grade employed here, new to their duties ; a session of the Canadian Parliament at Ottawa, followed immc* H lately by a session of the Legislature of Quebec ; it was simply impossi- ble for us to do more than we have done, to satisfy the just demands t>f Parliament and the natural expectations of the country. Besides, the Union Act expressly and distinctly declares that the Arbitrators, without \vlio>e report a settlement cannot be completed constitutionally and legally, should not be named till after the Parliament of the Dominion had met, and also the Legislatures of the two Provinces, We simply could not do what might have been desirable in this matter. It was not merely that we had not the time — though that is the fact — r and amount of some transactions — what has been paid at Ottawa, and what has not. I know the Ottawa departments have discharged the duty as well, faithfully and good naturedly, as they could ;.but I know also it is quite impossible now lo enter into anything like a treaty or official correspondence with the Dominion Government in regard to our linancial settlement. Hereafter, this eorrespondence will have to lie entered upon ; and by the time the Arbilrators shall have re- ported, there will remain no difficulty. Hut till the arbitration is settled-- m^gmmmi WfillWWImm'WM^- 14 i i'> it till we know what our debt is — till we know ho\v we start, probably the best thing we can all do is to carry on the business of the Province ot Que- bec as well as we can. In this spirit wu are conducting the departments here, to the best of our ability ; and In the same spirit the Ottawa depart- ments are being carried on. • I now come to the estimates. I confess, in regard to them, I felt myself for some time very strongly tempted to do what was done in Ottawa. We should, probably, have been quite justified in taking a similar course. Still it was a course to which very grave objection existed ; and upon the whole, 1 came without any serious hesitation, to the conclusion that it was much better not to do it. At one time I intended laying the estimates be- fore the House in greater detail than at present ; but I am satisfied it \h better to submit them in but reasonable detail, as they now appear. There are one or two considerations in regard to these estimates, to which 1 de- sire to call youf attention before I go further. In their form and arrange- ment they follow as closely as possible the arrangement of the estimates usual in the old Province of Canada. There are many reasons for this ; although in the work of revising them an they were prepared, I saw there might be an advantage in altering the arrangement more or less ; and even in the explanations I am about to give, I shall depart from that order. But I have drawn them up in the order usual in the old Parliament of Canada. Every vote in these estimates is a votq to cover the full amount. There is no exclusion from the estimates, of any service, or of any 8um> on the ground that there exists a legal warrant for its expenditure without a vote. I propose to adopt what had.lately become the practice of the old Province of Canada, and what is the practice now of , the Dominion of Canada, as I understand it — making the estimates cover the whole uf the expenditure, without any reference to whether there is or is not legislative authority already for any particular disbursement. The amounts are all taken as outside amounts. Wherever I thought it probable, I might almost say pos- sible, that a certain sum might be expended, I have endeavored to take the whole sum. 1 think that in et«ry instance the amount asked will be found to be fully the amount wanted, probably in excess of that to be expended. According to the Treasury A^ct, great difficulty is thrown in the way of expending any money in excess of the estimates; and I have drawn the estimates in the very earnest desire not to be obliged to spend anything more than they give. They are drawn up also according to a rule laid down in a new clause of the Treasury Act, to which I believe I forgot to draw the attention of the House when that measure was under discussion. Under that clause,*all amounts unexpended at the end ol the term for which money may be voted, are written off. If $100,000 have been voted, and if at the end of the term but $75,000 have been spent, the remaining $25,000 are not carried on to any future service, but must be written off, and a new vote taken for everything wanted for that service tiiereafter. [Applause.] That is made a rule of law here, as it was so made at Ottawa. It is a jjood, sound rule, which for some years past has been observed in England. When I ask for certain sums, then, it is -not that I mean to say the Govern- ment intends to spend the whole ; but that such is the limit within which the Government hope to keep their disbursements for the term. If they do, well and good ; if they do not, the House will know all about it. The Public Accounts will show it ; and all the balances they may have in r whole is $2,086,400.75. I repeat, that I hope nothing like the whole of this amount will be expended by December of this year. Many item$>, I trust are in excess, though as to some we may find we have not taken enough. I have tried to take enough for everything ; and I feel satisfied that, as to a good many, I shall be able to say next session, we have not incurred as large an expenditure as the House authorised. [Cheers.] J"i! ' Turning, now, from the estimates, to what I trust will be the revenue, I hope the House will receive with a certain degree of consideration the estimates of revenue I suomit. I believe them to be sound. I have taken great pains with them ; and so have the officers of my department, and others whose valuable aid I secured in endeavoring to make ihem as con- rect, and perfect as po.iolble. But the daia on which we have made them are by no means the best. They are made in a department as yet without archives ; and with the assistance of other departments as yet almost in the same position as ourselves. In the first instance, we had to prepare them from a careful comparison and consideration of the public accounts of Canada, for the two or three years ending June 1866, and of the intromis- sions known to us for the six months ending December last. During the last few days, we have further been able to refer to the public accounts of Canada, for the year ending June last. Even within the last hour or two before the House met to-day, we discovered a small error in the estimates of outlay and revenue. We had to supply an omission on both sides ; and it is possible we may find other errors to correct yet. But as far as I know and can estimate, I think I am safe — presuming always, of course, upon that utmost of zeal and care which I do count on in the matter of its collection by our several departments — in taking credit for what I may call a cash reven'ie, from all so'^rces, for eighteen months, of the kind and amount 1 shall sto'iB. There is our general subsidy from the Dominion, $1,333,879- 20; special subsidy, $105,000— total, $1,438,879 20. I make no reduc- tion from this sum on the score of our debt. I take credit for the block total. The estimates of the revenue from llie Crown Lands has been made with very great care. This is the only department where we have some old officials. The total amount for the eighteen months is $771,343. As to licences, I do not attempt to go into details as to each kind ; blocking all in which we are interested together, and taking the safest estimates possible, I come to a total of $63,387. The House will pardon my coming to odd totals ; when one takes averages, one finds numbers occasionally came out odd. Our fourth item includes stamps of all kinds, law fees, the Court House tax, and the Building and Jury Fund. I will not pretend to subdivide these : an exactly correct subdivision would be impossible. But putting them together, after a very careful calculation of two of the most experienced officers I could get, Mr. Prothonotary Honey, of Montreal, and Mr. Futvoye, long connected with the Law Department ot Canada, I have estimated the revenue from these sources at $205,327. Of course, 1 include with these stamps, fees collected otherwise than by stamps. S5 I, makes a pe nothing if this year, id we have and I feel session, we autboriaed. I revenue, I eration the have taken tment, and em 88 con- nade them fet without most in the epare them Lccounts of le intromis- ring the last iccounts of our or two e estimates sides; and r as I know lurse , upon latter of its I may call a ind amount $1,333,879- i no reduc- )r the block been made have some 143. As to :klng all in I possible, I odd totals ; le out odd. House tax, vide these : Iting them xperienced r. Futvoye, Imated the with these Hon. Mr. Cartier — You class together stamps, fees and the Jury fund ? Hon. Mr. Dunkin — Yes ; ihe total we expect is :|205,327. Then, the Cullers' fees should give us $116,974, just about balancing the expenses. I suppose I shall lose a trifle as between the receipts from and the expenses of this service. Municipal Loan Fund, $115,500; I think I am within the mark there. I turn now to Education, through which Department certain incidental collections come — the estimate is $16,890 ; St. Vincent de Paul House of Correction, $12,000; St. John's Lunatic Asylum, $1,800 ; casual revenue — and here I think I am within the mark — $6,000. All these afford a grand total of $2,747,000. This is independent of a trifle of reve- nue I count on from some slight legislative measures which I hpve partly hinted at, and of which 1 shall presently speak. I think I may safely say, taking it in the' gross, the revenue will exceed $2,750,000. I hope, indeed, that with the slight changes of system I shall speak of presently, the gross receipts may reach or go beyond $2,760,000. I think there will be a dif- ference between it and the outlay I contemplate, of something not far from $700,000. I cannot pretend to spea' accurately. Against this surplus comes that unicnown quantity of charge for the provincial debt, of which I have no ri^ht to make any statement, except that I am quite satisfied it cannot approach to that. [Loud cheers.] I am sura the House will do us the justice to believe that we are most anxious our receipts should exceecJ our expenditure for this first start [cheers] ; that when the House meets next, we may be able to show that our statement of the afiairs of the Pro- vince is not such as we need be at ali discouraged about ; and that with a moderate adjustment of our system we can go on efficiently and well for the time to come. [Cheers.] As to changes of system connected with our ways and means, I have u few words to say ; but I admii that what is proposed to be done is, neces- sarily, but little this year. I have given notice of a mfjasure which I shall introduce to-morrow on the subject of stamps. I have .stated that tlu^ stamp revenue and the other items connected therewith, exceed $205,000. Of course the whole is not connected with stamps, but a very large propor- tion of it is. I should have said, that in this estimate registry stamps are included. Hon. Mr. Cartier — The hon. gentleman h\s said that stamps of all kinds are included, as well as certain charges unconnected with stamps. Hon. Mr. Dunkin — Of course. When I first drew up the estimate, [ kept tlie registry stamps separate ; but afterwards I blocked them all to- gether, as insuring less uncertainly. The working of the stamp system within the last few years has been of the most satisfactory kind, Tiien; is no doubt they afford the cheapest and best mode of collecting a certain kind of revenue. I am unable at present to come before the House with a consolidation of our stamp law. I may say we have two acts on the subject of stamps : one, under which certain law stamps arc issued and collected, and another, under which registry office stamps are collected. It is im- politic to do much more in regard to these laws at present, than amend them in such a way as to empower Government to make registry stamps produce a revenue ecjual to the registry (jxpenditure. Tliey wore intended 26 to do so ; but I think they do not. I am not, however, perfectly certain they do not. If not, we ought to receive the power to make them ; with the assurance that unless it is necessary the power will not be used. [Hear, hear.] That is a very small change. The burden resulting will be too trifling to be felt. The change is designed to make persons registering pay ior a service done them for their own benefit. This will be a legitimate and correct tax. I am not at all sure we need amendment of the law as to our law stamps proper. If any change be found to be necessary, I shall propose it. But I think we can make all the amendments necesjary, with- out more legislation. We can render them more productive without making them more burdensome, or oppressive to anybody. Independently of that, however, I am anxious to extend the stamp system in another direction. There is no doubt whatever that a good many payments which ought to be made to the Government through our departments or officers, are lost just for want of a stamp system. Letters patent, licenses — all eorta of things which now yield no revenue ought to be paid for. Hon. Mr. Cartier — And commissions themselves ? 1 1 I Hon. Mr. Dunkin — Certainly. All these and other fees ought to be paid to our public officers and departments through stamps. I am not in a position to present a measure that shall give all the details of the system I should like ; but I think I am justified in asking that power be given to the Lieutenant Governor in Council to establish this new system. Under it, I think the casual revenue would be considerably augmented. I think we shall get a few thousands, while introducing a more safe and correct system than before. [Cheers.] It was all very well in the old days of liie Province of Canada, with its mighty resources and great facilities for collecting its taxes, for it to say- — we give all sorts of papers from our public offices, for the convenience of the people, without asking payment for them. Evetything was charged, and nothing paid. We desire to adopt a system securing pay for these things. [Hear, hear.] It will lend to lessen the contingencies of the departments at any rate,^1o lessen the expenses of legislation and the departments, and collect a revenue simply lost now, because not asked for. I propose also to ask the House to make a slight increase in certain licenses. I am quite satisfied this will do no harm to anybody, while it will put a few thousands more into our hands, to meet the expense of the administration of justice. At present the pro- ceeds of these licenses go to certain special accounts. By the small addi- tion to them which I shall ask for, I shall be able to add to the general revenue of the Province a something towards the expense of the administra- tion of justice. 1 propose also, as I have already said, to suggest a slight change as to the legislative grant to agricultural societies ; and I may state that by tlie bill that has passed, relative to the incorporation of joint stock companies, provision is made for a certain modicum of revenue from the incorporation of those societies, which may perhaps be collected Ly stamps. The Hon. Premier, moreover, has a measure before the House, to compel everybody to pay — asHhey ought — for all manner of documents they may receive from the public departments; and the Attorney General has a measure before the House intended to lessen the expenses of the adminis^- tration of justice, by incidentally considerably aiding — without appreciably increasing the public burdens— the Building and Jury Fund, which 37 stly certain hem ; with d. [Hear, ivill be too stering pay legitimate ! law as to lary, I shall sjary, with- ve without lependently in another ents which or officers, -all eorls ught to be am not in a he system I be given to ;m. Under ted. I think and correct old days of facilities for s from our ig payment lire to adopt will tend to lessen the 3nue simply ase to make 3 will do no ) our hands, sent the pro- small addi- the general administra- jest a slight I I may state f joint stock ue from the 1 Ly stamps. , to compel Is they may leral has a he adminis- appreciably und, which 1' greatly needs aid. [Cheers.] The changes thus proposed will not give iiie much revenue this year, but will irtroduce a better system, and give us something on which to start fair next year. I hope it will not be thought that the smallness of these changes is indi- cative of any feebleness of policy, or uncertainty as to what that policy should be. We are not prepared in this direction to do a great deal this year. Coming as we do before the House with the frank statement that we do not yet, and cannot for months, know what is our financial position — if we yet asked for considerable changes in our machinery of taxation, we should be doing an unwarrantable thing. [Cheers.] There can be no question the little matters I have alluded to are things that ought to be done, no matter whether the Province is rich or poor. They are little equalisations of revenue and expenditure, right in their nature whether the Province wants money or not. They are calcdlated to facilitate collections, and cause them to be obtained in the proper way. But as to the policy itself, of which these measures are a small part, 1 earnestly protest against its being supposed the Government are in any doubt or uncertainty, or utter their views with any hesitation whatever. Let me refer, first, for a moment, to the matter of our Crown Lands, and the great questions connected with them. These lands form an important portion of our economy ; with which are bound up the material interests of our people. Connected with them are the largest of what I may call the material duties devolving upon u?, respecting the development of our agriculture, colonization and immigration. It is perfectly true, that so far from coming before the House with a project for the giving away of these lands, which would involve the destruction of a very valuable asset, there being not far short of $1,400,000 due on our Crown Lands, we look to a policy calculated to lead to the collection of the best revenue from them that we well can, and as speedily and easily as possible. We do not seek to collect those arrears, or hereafter draw revenue from our lands, with a view to increasing the general revenue, for i)ayment of salaries, or maintenance of extravagant staffs, or anything of that sort. We approve of a liberal and considerate policy as respects the set- tler. These Crown Lands we are quite prepared to view as in the strictest sense a trust property — to be managed by us for the benefit of the Province ; not in the sense of merely augmenting its revenue, but in the direct interest of colonization within the Province, — for the drawing to it of immigration, — the development to the utmost at once of agriculture, manufactures and art. [Cheers.] The House, I am sure, will see with us, that it is better we should derive revenue from our lands, and raise their value, by spending it on them, than act as if we thought them worth- less, tempting people to refuse what nobody has to pay for. It would be a suicidal policy to give away our lands in this way. In this sense, and to this end, I must repeat I am an opponent of the free grant system. But, as I have again and again said, I am not against free grants under excep- tional circumstances. In many parts of our territory, such exceptional circumstances do undoubtedly exist. To carry out our colonization roads, which ought to be pushed with energy, and which will be pushed by us, ii ccnsiderable development of the free grant system must take place. Quite an amount of the lands in the vicinity of colonization roads, that you 28 yet must open, are not of value to be sold. You cannot get jjeople to pay for them ; and you must give away some to get people to buy more. Give away what you cannot sell to advantage, what are better given away than kept-. But leave the other land, which is desirable, to be sold for the pub- lic benefit. We have got to collect our arrears as well as we can, and with as little pressure as we can, and use what we :hus obtain, and what wo receive from the sale of new lands, earnestly and energetically to push colonization roads to the utmost, and to promote the settlement of the country and immigration into it, as well as the development of our agri- cultural and other resources to the fullest extent possible. The revenue I expect from this source, which I hope and trust will in time to come be considerable, I propose devoting to these objects ; and depend upon it, the rate of advancement of the country under such a policy, will be extraordi- nary. [Cheers.] In connexion with this policy, and for further answer to the assertions continually made, that we are disposed to do little or nothing in this direction, I may be allowed a word or two, in anticipation, as to the bill the Hon. Premier Intends introducing to-morrow, relative to colonization roads. That measure has for its object a something which we wish we could apply to our this year's colonization road grant of $62,500 ; but which we are not now in a position to do. Next year and in future years, we not only hope to be able to spend larger amounts ; but, by means of this measure, we hope to be able to spend them to infinitely better, or to very much better advantage than we can dispose of this year's appropriation. We propose to divide colonization roads into three classes — one, for which we ask no local aid, — and two, for which we do. We propose to lay out those roads upon a map ; to have a system ; to encourage to the iitmost the co-operation of municipalities, and, indeed, all local and personal co-operation we can, towards the opening up of roads 'lot of such public importance as to justiify our construction of them unaided. Pro- bably the time is not far distant, when we shall be able to show to the Dominion that some of these colonization roads are of an importance amounting to national, and deserving of its aid. As to some we can and will do without any aid. And as to others we shall have the aid of muni- cipalities, proprietors and others. The time may even not be distant, when we may be able to put some amount of gentle compulsion upon some of those people who own lands, but refuse to settle them, who act like the dog in the manger, or worse, with regard to large amounts of our land, to the great disadvantage of the Province. [Cheers.] This measure we trust to be able to develope in a variety of ways ; and it will have to be followed up by others, in the nature of amendments to the municipal law, and relat- ing to the organisation of colonization societies, and tending to facilitate the collection of those Crown Land arrears, which are to give us the means of starting the great machinery I hope to see in operation before long for the development of the country. Meantime, however, this first step, and with it my hon. friend the Premier's other promised measure, designed to en- courage the settlement of our wild lands, by giving to settlers upon theui fi certain degree of homestead protection, are all we can do this session in this direction. But we do hope, with the mature deliberation and earnest study which members of the House as well as ourselves will give to this matter during the recess, that at another session we shall be able to do a great deal more to make it an attraction to our people to go upon our wild lands. Trust mo, if they know that the Government and Legislature of 29 the Province are in earnest in opening colonization roads, facilitating the construction of bridges and other works necessary to the settler, doing all in their power to make our wild lands attractive, and developing our muni- cipal and school systems so as to make them elective and attractive — there will be an 4lan given to the settlement of the country, such as we have not seen yet. [Cheers.] The advancement of the country has not been bad. [Hear, hear.] But encouraged as I believe it will be, in the next few years, it will be much greater still. [Cheers.] Passing, then, to the Administration of Justice, I again readily admit that what we propose specially to do this year is but little. The thing to be done is to secure quiet, steady, administrative work. We require a gradual cutting down of every expense connected with this service — a making of the Administration of Justice as inexpensive as possible without lessening its efficiency. A great deal can be done in this respect ; and in reference to the kindred subject of prison and reformatory discipline, a great deal of economy can be practised, with time. I may be told perhaps, that my estimates are not cut down to the standard of this economy that I wish to practice. Certainly they are not. I know that such economies take time. It is not in the first six months that you can really come at your results. It may take months, even years ; but if your measures are really well devised, and honestly and ably carried out, in the course of a few years, their fruit will be seen. In this connexion, let me take a single illustration of what may be done in this line, without noisy legislation, with the bulk of the people at the time not so much as knowing of it. I speak of a matter connected with the Administration of Justice in Lower Ca.nada within the last lew years ; and to which I am happy to have this opportunity of adverting, — as an act of justice to the administrative policy of my hon. friend the member for Montreal Centre, while Attorney General for Lower Canada. It will be remembered that just before 1860, the great measure of judicial decentra- lization as regards this Province was adopted. The six old judicial districts, and more especially, the great districts of Montreal, Quebec and Three Rivers, were dismembered. Shortly before, the fees of their official functionaries had been funded, and those officers placed on salaries to be drawn from that source. In consequence of this decentralization, with all tiiese gentlemen at the salaries inen subsisting and which could not be cut down, there was at first a heavy deficit in the six districts. In 1860, upon the salaries of their civil establishment alone, this deficit reached $17,070 ; these salaries exceeding the receipts by that amount. Well, all that was done to meet the case, was the adoption of a certain change in the tariff of fees, of which nobody complained, — of which, indeed, most people never even heard — much less knew they were affected or hurt by it. Well, this mere change of tariff reduced the deficit next year to ;^7,402 ; the year alter, to $3,072 ; in 1863, to $1,815; and in 1864, to $1,240, For 1865, there was a surplus of $39 ; and although for 1866, the last year I can give, there was again a deficit, it was only for $635 ; showing how much has been gained by this change Even for that last year, there was thus a saving of nearly ^17,000 on this head alone. In the other districts, where the fees are not funded as in these six, they maintain their entire staff of employees on the civil side of the Courts, and give a good many of them 39 an amount of emolument, which may qmiv. shortly admit of revision with a view to certain economies in the interest of the Province. So that for thai year, and with this prospect of further saving, the whole civil staff of all thesa Courts, cost the general revenue of the Province, but $635. Indeed, even this is not the whole truth ; for to some extent, in the new districts, these civil fees go towards payment for duties performed in re- ference to criminal matters. And I repeat, there is more yet that may be done shortly in the same directiun. Our list of practical economies is not yet quite exhausted. Things are not yet at their best, by any means. 1 am well assured that my colleagues who have charge of our Administra- tion of Justice, are as t horoughly in earnest as men can be, to effect reforms in it ; and I hope to be able next year to state that we do not want as large an amount of money for this service as we have now to ask for. As to legislation and administration, I can only repeat the same general assurance that we desire to economise wherever we can, and to do all we can to collect the minor sources of revenue belonging to us. Unlike the old Province of Canada, we have no easy revenues to collect. We must look after what have heretofore been unconsidered trifles ; if we do not, we shall suffer in public opinion, i think it will be found one of the advan- tages of our new system, and not the least, that it will compel the local administrations to look after all those trifling sources of revenue. [Cheers.] Instead of being able to raise means by five per cent increase of duties, they will have to collect little by little, a little on licenses, a little by stamps, practising and learning everywhere — not parsimony, but most certainly — economy. On the heads of Education and Charities, time and fatigue do not suffer me to do more than repeat that as to them I have hardly touched anything. They remain substantially as they were ; the grants, as I have said, for one year only, — so that when we next meet, early in the coming financial year, we shall be free to deal, and shall have to deal, with all the questions that come up in connexion with them, fairly and squarely. And I think there are many circumstances as favorable as ever were, or as well could be brought together, to promise us a very happy solution of every seeming difficulty in respect of them. It is of no bad omen, that at the starting of our new system, with an absence of party feeling beyond precedent or hope, our utmost attention should be so drawn, by causes beyond control, to matters of administra- tive detail; that the existence of our institutions, so to speak, should so depend upon the success with which we are to grapple with these diffi- culties of detail. By painstaking and honest effort to do what is right and fair, under each set of circumstances as they come up, can every difficulty before us fairly begot rid of. [Applause.] I have taken up a great deal of the time of the House, Mr. Speaker; but I hope 1 have not fatigued myself and it to no purpose. I have spoken of our position, circumstances and prospects, as truthfully as I could. I have sought to under-estimate no difficulty. I have resorted to no subterfuge. [Cheers.] I do not pretend to say that in connexion with our administra- tion there are not certain drawbacks and difficulties. There is no doubt, 31 by that, looking simply to the financial point, our sister Province of Ontario receives a larger subsidy than we do, — has a larger amount of land arrears than we have, — and in regard to certain matters, can 'Easily practise some apparent economies that we cannot. They have not the heavy expense, as to printing and otherwise, of the two languages. I admit all this. But if any one tells me that because of these difficulties we cannot make the system work satisfactorily and ^^11 for ourselves and for the country, I laugh at the idea. [Cheers.] The thing is simply ridiculous, supremely absurd. Why, Mr. Speaker, I remember — I speak to many who remember with me — the past thirty years and more of the history of Lower Canada, the feud of races, the civil war, that indeed did then threaten to destroy us. Thank God, in spite even of all that, we are where we are, in a position of prosperity, contentment and promise, such as none dared dream of in those dark days of '37 and '38. [Cheers.] Tell me that having passed safely through such trials, we are to be moved now by this trumpery talk of the cost of carrying on our system in two languages, and of our having less money at our disposal than the Ontario people ! We certainly have less disposition to talk eternally about our greatness, wealth, economy and all that. [Cheers, and laughter.] Do I not remember, too, later, — from '48 to '60, in Montreal, — myself and some others with me, being laughed at by almost everybody, because we could not join in the ridiculous talk, then prevalent there, abr 'it that place and the whole country going then to ruin and decay for ever and ever ? [Applause.] Why, even in '68 and '59, when the Legislature of old Canada sat for its last term in Toronto, — what Lower Canadian does not remember the way the Torontonians laughed at us and exulted over us, telling us that Toronto and Hamilton- Kingston, even — were going ajiead of Montreal, and that Quebec was nowhere ? Where are we all now ? With the present growth and pros- perity of Montreal, has Quebec reason to be despondent ? We have plenty to do ; but if we have the heart and courage for it, — trust in ourselves and one another, — trust in our God, — we have no more before us than we can do. [Loud cheers.] You may tell me that a great deal of the land of Lower Canada is ex- hausted. So it is ; but there is not better land under heaven, than that very exhausted clay soil, if only it is properly cultivated. You may tell me a good deal ol our newer land is considerably exhausted; but take the bulk of our people who know what they are about — and no people have more capacity when they set to work, or more energy and self-denial — none are more economical and industrious — set them to work on their soil, exhausted now or not, in Iho right spirit, and I tell you as much can be done with the lands of this Province of Quebec, as with those of any other country under heaven. A few years ago, where was Scotland ? Even now, but for the extraordinary energy and enterprise of her sons, what would New England be ? It is not the country with the finest climate, the richest soil— in a word, the greatest physical advantages — that pros- pers most. It is the country with the hardiest and best people, the people who take best advantage of limited natural resources, who have to combat^ and do combat manfully, with natural disadvantages. There is no country better placed than ours tor testing the qualities of a race, and developing its capacities. There is none better placed (or trade, nor probably for inanulactures ; and I believe the day is not (iir distant, when without any S3 ' great amount of what some people think absolutely necessary for the pros- perity of manufactures, — protective legislation, — this Province will become a very considerable manufacturing country. Our business is to develope , our agriculture, foster our trade and commerce, encourage our various in- - dnstrial interests, and cheer our people on to live together, to hope and believe and struggle, — all for all. Even the double language, which some . think such a difficulty, has its advantage ; for a man who can talk two languages, and those the two best known the world over, is by no means behind in the life race ; on the contrary, he has a decided advantage over , him who speaks but one. There is some advantage, too, in our severe climate, and in some other circumstances of our position which we can hardly be said to like ; there is something in being pretty well to the north ; for a cold northern country endows its people with an enersy un- known elsewhere. Northern races generally have energy, hardihood, enterprise, — the qualities that command prosperity, — in a higher degree than southern. It is not the Sybarite who can hardly sleep on his bed of rose leaves, that is strong and capable ; for strength and capacity come of hardy effort. He who labors against cold, storm and hardship, is strong, energetic, courageous. Every hing great and good possesses more or less of these qualities, is of the growth ofdifficulties ; and it is not amiss that here we should have our difficulties to btrnggle with at starting. They may be considerable — they are not such as cannot be overcome ; and we have only to be true to ourselves and to one another, and we shall find be- fore long ample reward in our success ; with no reason to regret that the struggles by which we shall have achieved that success, were as earnest as .they have been, are, — and may be. [Loud and jtrolonged cheering.] i*-*«- •««i>»~ ros- ame lope lin- and ome two eans over vere can the un- lood, ed ol ne of trong, If less ) that They id we ad be- lt the lest as 1 A.PPKBTDIOES. S4 APPENDIX A. Statement of the Receipts and Expenditure of the Province of Quebec, from Ist July to 3l8t December, 1867. RECEIPTS. Raeelved from Do- minion Half Yeu's Special Subsidy .. Rteeipti at Ottawa : Municipal Loan Fund Law Feci LawStampi Registration Stampi Conrt-Houies Building and Jury Fund Education Crown Landi Hospitals it Cha- rities Reformatories Casual Tavern Licenses, Ac Refunds Received from Do- minion, on Ac- count of General Subsidy ; being Difference between Contra Ezpendi tare at Ottawa... And abeve Collec tions at Ottawa Receipts at Quebec Crown Lands $ cU. 368 00 S,08S 09 46,080 13 3,393 93 3,298 79 600 92 6,365 01 48,016 61 152 70 3,042 32 1,191 75 8,587 38 1,662 22 $ eU. 127,843 66 448,396 10 127 ^43 65 320,552 45 ots. 35,000 00 Total Receipts Total Expenditure. Balance unexpend- ed 448,396 10 133,473 25 616,869 35 485,130 02 $131,739 33 EXPENDITURE. At Ottawa : Ciril Oovemment Administration ef Justice , Polioe Reformatory, Ac Legislation Education Hospitals Sc Cba rities Public Works and Buildings Rents, Insurances and Repairs. Roads and Bridges Removals Miscellaneous.. .. Crown Lands Ser vice Agricultural So- cieties Stamps At Quebec : Civil Obvernment Legislation Educatien Roads and Bridges (Colonisation).. Removal Rents, Insurances and Repairs.. Miscellaneous.., Total Expenditure. $ cts, 15,738 00 118,623 51 1,107 82 12,833 09 15,756 77 145,796 01 43,100 53 12,570 80 3,110 14 2,827 00 10,809 89 2,455 14 17,349 01 46,279 30 40 00 2.3,666 71 1,875 78 1,463 65 1,942 00 107 04 6,860 94 811 90 eta. 448,896 10 36,733 92 $486,130 02 The above Balance is irrespective of a Dominion Claim under title of "Ontario and Quebec Sus- pense Account," Expenditure Statement A, amount $21,202.06 ; of which, Quebec may have to sus- tain some portion. JOSEPH ELLIOTT, Asat. Treasurer. E. & 0. E. GASPARD DROLET, AudUor. 95 . .11 1 - APPENDIX B. RKSUMtC OF SSTIHATEM. leo, eta. 1.— LagiiUtlon: (Not eoTcring lodcmnity and OoatinganeiM of nazt Bm- ■ion) 2.— CItU OoT«rnm«nt Add, for Eduoation Dapartment Balariaa and Oontlnganeitf,— "7 3.- -Adminlttratlon of Jnitio* ».... Add, Polio* Roformatory and Prir'jn Iniptotion, [In Commlttae of the Whole, on the Supply Bill, the Adminii tration of Joitica vote wai corrected by a reduction of $12,285 0T*r-eitimated ; and in Committee of Hupply, upon the Supple- mentary Eitimatea, the Poliee rote waa augmented by $4,800 ; in the whole reducing the abore total, to $643,3S4.36.1 4.— Xdueation : (Oorering, howeyer, only 12 montha, for Saperier fSdnoation, aid to poor Munioipalitlea, and Superannuated Teaehera' Fund together, $74,000.) Leaa — Department Salariea, ae., carried abore to Oiril Ooremment $26,000 00 And Normal School Agrloultnral Bdneation, added in below „ 12,000 00 Add— Literary and Selentifle Inatitutiona $3,000 00 Board of Arte and Manufaoturea 2,000 00 8,300 10 Agrieultural Education : Normal Schools $12,000 00 Collegea of Ste. Anne and L'Aaaomption 2,400 00 36,733 92 86,130 02 ebee Sna- re to BUB- ST, dUor. [In Committee of Supply, the Oeneral Eduoation rote waa corrected by a reduction of $5,000, orer-eatimated for Contin- genoiei ; and upon the Supplementary Batimatea, the Literary and Scientific Inatitutiona' vote waa augniented by $400, and the Board of Arta' yote, by $1,000 ; in the whole reducing the above total, to $370,990.00; beaidea which, howerer, from ihe aug- mented vote (below noted) 'for Agricultural Sooietiea, the Col- legea of Ste. Anne and L'Aaaomption, will in fact receive a further unatated amount in aid of their Agricultural teaching.] 6, — Agriculture, Emigration and Colonixation : Agricultural Education, oa above , Agrieultural Sooietie Emigration Colonization Roada Off— (aa included under Eduoation) Agricultural Education.. [In Committee of Supply, upon Supplementary Estimatoa, the Agricultural Societiea' vote waa raised to a total of $97,000, ao as to cover the presumed outlay under Cap. 32 of the Consoli- dated Statutea of Canaas, far Uco yenci, inclusive of the per- centages allowed for the Board, and for Agricultural Educa- tion ; and there waa also added, under this head, for the Board of Agriculture, an 18 months' vote of $8,000 ; together raising the above totals to $183,900.00 and $169,500 respectively.] 0.— Public Works, &o.*oOitr than Colonization Roads : Removal Expenses ■ Rents, Inaurancea, Repaira, Sco Amount carried over. etai 180,908 88 25,000 00 490,339 35 20,000 00 40,500 00 393,190 00 37,000 00 $355,190 00 5,000 00 14,400 00 14,400 00 80,053 60 4,000 00 62,500 00 $160,958 60 14,400 00 15,576 00 85,315 00 $100,891 00 $ ota. 168,302 00 205,966 86 660,830 S» 374,690 00 146,568 60 $1,436,347 71 86 APPENDIX B— {Continued.) Rf SUMIS OF ESTIMATES. Amount bnnght over e.— Pablio Worki, ice.—{Contintud.) Sti Vincent do Paul Qaebee Qaol Sbwbrooke Qaol Inspeotioni and Sunreyi..., [In Committee of Supply, upon Supplementary Estimates, the Sherbrooke Gaol vote was augmented by $1,000 ; raising tbii total to $158,011.00.] 7.-~0]i*rities : Beauport Asylnm St. John's do Marine and Emigrant (1 year) Mfioellaneons (I year) Nova Sootia and Labrador [In Committee, on the Supply Bill, the above Miscellaneous vote was corrected, by a reduction of $1,540 : making ^his total, $302,465.93.] 8.— OoUtetion, Maintenance, &o. : Surveys Territorial Stamps, Ac. ......... ••Mt.n Culling Timber Registration Service. Hisoellaneous Grand Total. [Raised, howevtt, in Supply Bill, by the changes above noted, to $2,097,717.15.] $ cts< 100,891 00 42,570 00 5,000 00 4,000 00 2,660 00 138,000 00 27.000 00 4,000 GO 30,290 00 4,715 93 20,444 11 108,036 09 8,100 CO $136,580 20 117,312 00 12,143 91 25,000 00 9 ets. 1,438,347 71 16S,011 00 S04,005 03 291,088 11 $2,086,400 7ft