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 32X 
 
 1 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 1 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 
 5 
 
 6 
 
■ ■^u::--^'^-^^ 
 
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%ft6 tS* ^ tS" '^ ^'' ^ <^ r£? 4* tfi; r^ 4- «$' t{'< A t^ tf' <^' 4' rC" t^ 4- ^0' A ?$< 4' ^ xu* -ii- ^^ >£ 
 
 
 
 
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 ^. 
 
 DESIG.VED^OR THE l»?: OF 
 
 SCHOOL-S IN CANADA. 
 
 B.Y PEHER PARI/fey» 
 
 \ 
 
 
 
 
 dm* 
 
 'A 
 
 TORONTOr 
 
 FRSNTED & SOLD BY LESSLIE^ BROTHERS, ^ 
 
 110| Kfsg Street. 
 
 ?rs3:? 
 
 ^*' 
 
 5«? -aP ^ VS* %«> •?t^ •'* >!»■ -J*- -a^ -iS? '3F' "^I^ •*'^ ^- ■*? 4-1^ -,i ■ <*r^ '^' -m^ 
 
 € T ^^ 'H^ T T ^ T 'f T T T V T * T T T T T t' 
 
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 I i vi5J 
 
 I 
 
, isi ,,««,; i, V 
 
 1% 
 
 *..- Jr "- * '»-■ 
 
 ,«-# : «■** 
 
 ARITHMETICAL TABLES, 
 
 \ " . ^' 
 
 -'* •»' 4* t I- : 
 
 J- "JS'^S 't 
 
 i^ *. - 
 
 V 
 
 Wtnimtt for tje tHlse of 
 
 'n'J •t'"''^;' 
 
 TS.^ 
 
 St*t '^i 
 
 SCHOOLS IN CANADA; ^, 
 
 ■:■('':')> (I , 
 
 i f 
 
 
 V:;> 
 
 JBir P£TBR PAiriiCY. 
 
 tJMi?^)! tytT.*^ 
 
 
 L 
 
 TORONTO: . 
 
 llOi King Street. 
 
 i-:{ " 
 
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 « 
 
: •* . ■ 
 
 ,^-^?" ja./- T' iiA^>i'r:^U..4:TiHA: 
 
 :? 
 
 >■ ,.'• 
 
 ADVERTISEMENT. j 
 
 Peter Parley would inform hia young friends that the 
 Arithmetical Tabi^es now offered for their use at School, 
 possess, at least, two advantages over the English and American 
 ones heretofore in use in Canada. It is less than half the j^rice 
 of the former, with none of the objectionable features of the latter, 
 while it comprehends all that is really useful in both. He believes 
 that there is no book of the kind in the Province that contains so 
 much instruction in so small a compass. 
 
 Toronto, Canada, 1841. 
 
 ^ «. 
 
 fi 
 
 OTMOSCl'l 
 
 i^ 
 
 
 >^,,A.v^x< 
 
 %^M \iw f»r»»-» . 
 
 31; 
 
 Xori 
 

 ROMAN AND ARABIC CHARACTERS. 
 
 i "■. 
 
 the 
 
 LOOl, 
 
 icaii 
 a'ice 
 tter, 
 eves 
 IS so 
 
 P\ , 
 
 RoMAif?^^'^*'^'' B!5^^'l' Arabic. \ 
 
 I. One 1 
 
 II 
 
 HI 
 
 i IV 
 
 ■: V. 
 VI 
 VII 
 
 vin. 
 
 IX. 
 
 )'■■ X. 
 
 XI. 
 
 XII. 
 
 XIII. 
 
 XIV. 
 
 XV. 
 
 XVI 
 
 XVII 
 
 XVIII 
 
 XIX 
 
 XX 
 
 XXI 
 
 XXII 
 
 xxni 
 
 XXIV 
 XXV 
 
 ;• f *>«^ 4* 
 
 .Two.... 
 .Three.-.:...:.. 
 
 .Four 
 
 . Five 
 
 .Six 
 
 .Seven 
 
 .Eight 
 
 Nine 
 
 Ten. 
 
 Eleven 
 
 Twelve 
 
 Thirteen 
 
 Fourteen .. 
 
 . Fifte.en J . 
 
 . Sixteen 
 
 .Seventeen 
 
 .Eighteen. 
 
 . Nineteen 
 
 . Twenty 
 
 .Twenty -one.... . 
 
 .Twenty -two 
 
 .Twenty-three 
 
 .Twenty-four 
 
 Twenty-five. . 
 
 • «■«•• 
 
 a 
 
 3 
 
 41 
 5l 
 6! 
 
 ? 
 
 9 
 10 
 11 
 1-2 
 13 
 14 
 15 
 16 
 17 
 18 
 19 
 20 
 21 
 22 
 23 
 24 
 25 
 
 Roman. Arabic. 
 
 XXVI . Twenty-six 26 
 
 XX VII. Twenty-seven.... 27 
 XX VIII. Twenty-eight.... 28 
 
 XXIX. Twenty-nine 29 
 
 XXX. Thirty 30 
 
 XL. Forty 40 
 
 L.Fifty 50 
 
 LX. Sixty 60 
 
 LXX-Seventy 70 
 
 LXXX. Eighty 80 
 
 XC. Ninety 90 
 
 r^ C.One hundred 100 
 
 CC.Twohun9lred....200 
 CCC. Three hundred ..300 
 CCCC. Four hundred . 
 D* Five hundred.. 
 DC. Six hundred.. 
 DCC.J^even hundred. .700 
 DCCC.jui:ht Hundred.. 800 
 DCCCC.Nine Hundred. ..900 
 M.One thousand ..1000 
 MDCCCXLI. One thou- 
 sand eight 
 -mm^-r^' hundred & 
 j^, ^»ip^ ,i Forty-one. 1841 
 
 ..400 
 ..500 
 ..600 
 
 "^ Note. — A smnller nambcr, placeil after a greater, augments tlie value 
 of the gr ater ; if put before it dimmisheti ir. Thus, VI is 0; IV is 4 ; XI is 
 It ; IX i8U,»&c. iW thus ^combining the above letters, any iiumbur may be 
 Xvrmud. 
 
 ■ '■ ^"' ' a2 ■S'' ^"^'^^'^' : -'■'•' ^■" 
 
li 
 
 
 NUMERATION AND NOTATION. 
 
 i^^ NuMEUATioN is the art of Reading 
 j^ NuTATiuN is the art of writing Nui 
 
 or Writing luiy Nuniber»r^ 
 
 e ^^.anbers in figures, i ^ j 
 
 KV ....Wt'ffih. 
 
 ite 
 
 (*!»■ 
 
 Of ^ „ 
 
 NUMERATION TABLE. 
 
 9 Units. . ^ , . . 
 
 '/hs^T* 9 8 Tens. 
 
 ^. ..... . .•«••!(; * V 1 
 
 ■..,.' •'/; -1. ■■= 
 
 "in&''^ 9 8 7 Hundreds .../.> V/ 
 
 r 9 8 7 6 Thousands. iv-.r p / 
 
 V} 9 8 7 6 5 Tens of Thousands. '% iiV 
 
 9 8 7 6 5 4 Hundreds of Thousands. ^ . / i 
 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 MiHioiM. .7 
 
 ; 98765432 Tens of 3Iillions. • ' .i ; ?/ 
 
 ^ - - hi 9 8, 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 Hundreds of Mdlioiw, rV . i I. /. 
 
 Q.iiinfil1inns.*Clua<1ritrion8. Trilliniis. Dillions Miilioiis. UiiitM.r 
 
 *7 
 
 987,654. 321,987- 654,321. 987,654. :^21987.654, 821. 
 
 ^^'t• .'-^^ti^n'!^!;^ i!fji-f^:¥:^';KKl '..- 5» r-.M^i;».nr/Z 
 
 (H?€'v-%t*ll*f^nir';>fkM"rMONEY TABLE. .... ^^m-i^/T. 7X 
 
 .if,,pfoTJi!i.—rJC denotes Libra3, or pounds /',.i; ./i U/./ 
 jd»i4 hjAc, ® denotes Solidi. or shillin*^, .j) -1^.,,^ : 111/ / 
 ^l»iii# ^ denotes Denarii, or pence. T ^ ^ ,/, f 
 11^1 .a^^vH'fl ^^"^ denotes Quadrantes, or farthings. ,. v 
 * *• i denotes a Farthing. 
 
 ■U.J, 
 
 f^\nif.ii^ Etr<'ff'V i denotes Two Farthings, or half-penny, 
 ir * »j 'li r,\ I denotes Three Farthings, m • • ^ - ; 
 
 tHi,i»tw 1- Hi mi; ti 
 
 iJJI'I »l ,I-!'(f.Hij :>!.. ^i\ 
 
 rk s -i HI' ' . "^'i' - *' 
 
 ... : -I 
 
 i. 
 
ber. 
 
 t 
 
 li 
 iH 
 /.! 
 
 :* / 
 
 i . 
 
 ■■■9 
 t. 
 
 >. /.. • 
 
 n/. 
 ; n T 
 
 nit». 
 
 ,321. 
 
 7 7. 
 
 
 
 5> 
 MONEY TABLE. 
 
 FARTH. 
 
 .'. J. . 
 
 ' U JU..il. 
 
 PENCE. 
 
 r 
 
 SHILLINGS. 
 
 17.. 4i 
 
 18.. 44 
 
 19.. 45 
 
 20.. 5 
 
 21.. 5i 
 
 22.. 5.i 
 
 23.. 51 
 
 24.. 6 
 
 28,. 7 
 
 32. 
 36 
 
 8 
 9 
 
 40.. 10 
 44.. 11 
 48.. 12 
 
 12.. 
 
 13.. 
 
 14.. 
 
 15.. 
 
 16.. 
 
 17.. 
 
 18.. 
 
 19.. 
 
 20.. 
 
 Si.. 
 
 22.. 
 
 23.. 
 
 24.. 
 
 25.. 
 
 26.. 
 
 27.. 
 
 28.. 
 
 29.. 
 
 30.. 
 
 31.. 
 
 32.. 
 
 33., 
 
 34.. 
 
 35. 
 
 36.. 
 
 37, 
 
 38. 
 
 B 
 .1 
 .1 
 .1 
 .1 
 .1 
 .1 
 .1 
 .1 
 .1 
 ,1 
 .1 
 .1 
 
 .2 
 ,2 
 .2 
 .2 
 ,2 
 ,2 
 .2 
 .2 
 .2 
 ,2 
 
 d 
 
 1 
 
 2 
 3 
 
 4 
 
 5 
 6 
 7 
 8 
 9 
 10 
 11 
 
 1 
 2 
 3 
 4 
 5 
 6 
 7 
 8 
 9 
 .2 10 
 ,2 11 
 ,3 
 .3 1 
 .3 
 
 u 
 
 39. 
 
 40.. 
 
 41.. 
 
 42.. 
 
 43.. 
 
 44.. 
 
 45.. 
 
 46.. 
 
 47.. 
 
 48.. 
 
 49.. 
 
 50.. 
 
 51.. 
 
 52.. 
 
 53.. 
 
 54.. 
 
 55.. 
 
 56/. 
 
 57.. 
 
 58.. 
 
 59.. 
 
 \60.. 
 
 70.. 
 
 80.. 
 
 84.. 
 
 90. 
 
 2 196. 
 
 .3 
 
 .3 
 
 .3 
 
 .3 
 
 .3 
 
 .3 
 
 .3 
 
 .3 
 
 .3 
 
 4 
 
 ..4 
 
 ..4 
 
 ..4 
 
 ..4 
 
 ..4 
 
 ..4 
 
 .4 
 
 .4 
 
 ..4 
 
 .4 
 
 -.4 
 ,,5 
 
 -.5 
 ,.6 
 ..7 
 ..7 
 
 ..8 
 
 d 8 
 
 sUo. 
 
 5 
 
 6 
 
 7 
 
 8 
 
 9 
 10 
 11 
 , 
 
 1 
 
 2 
 3 
 4 
 5 
 6 
 7 
 8 
 9 
 10 
 11 
 
 10 
 8 
 
 6 
 
 
 21.. 
 
 22.. 
 
 23.. 
 
 24.. 
 
 25.. 
 
 26 . . 
 
 27.. 
 
 28.. 
 
 •29.. 
 
 .30.. 
 
 31. 
 
 32. 
 
 33. 
 
 34. 
 
 35. 
 
 36. 
 
 37. 
 
 38. 
 
 39, 
 
 40. 
 
 41. 
 
 42. 
 
 43. 
 
 44. 
 
 45. 
 
 46. 
 
 X' 
 
 .1 
 
 .1 
 
 .1 
 
 .1 
 
 .1 
 
 .1 
 
 .1 
 
 .1 
 
 .1 
 
 .1 
 
 .1 
 
 .1 
 
 .1 
 
 .1 
 
 .1 
 
 ..1 
 
 ..1 
 
 ..1 
 
 ..1 
 
 ..i 
 
 m m 'w 
 
 ..2 
 ..2 
 
 ,.2 
 ..2 
 ..2 
 
 
 1 
 2 
 3 
 4 
 5 
 6 
 7 
 8 
 9 
 10 
 111 
 12 
 13 
 14 
 15 
 16 
 17 
 18 
 19 
 
 1 
 2 
 3 
 4 
 5 
 6 
 
 47.. 
 
 48.. 
 
 49.. 
 
 50.. 
 
 51. 
 
 52. 
 
 53. 
 
 54. 
 
 55. 
 
 56. 
 
 57. 
 
 58. 
 
 59. 
 
 60. 
 
 61. 
 
 62. 
 
 63. 
 
 64. 
 
 65. 
 
 66. 
 
 67. 
 
 68. 
 
 69. 
 
 70. 
 
 71. 
 
 72. 
 
 73. 
 
 £ 
 
 .2 
 2 
 .2 
 .2 
 .2 
 
 8 
 
 7 
 
 8 
 
 9 
 
 10 
 
 11 
 
 . .2 12 
 ..2 13 
 ..2 14 
 . .2 15 
 ..2 16 
 ..2 17t 
 ..2 IB 
 . .2 19 
 ..3 
 ..3 
 ..3 
 ..3 
 ..3 
 ..3 
 ..3 
 ..3 
 ..3 
 ..3 9 
 ..3 10 
 ..3 11 
 ..3 12 
 ..3 13 
 
 1 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 5 
 6 
 
 7 
 8 
 
 8 
 
 74.. 
 75.. 
 76.. 
 77.. 
 
 78.. 
 79.. 
 80.. 
 81.. 
 
 82':. 
 
 84., 
 TO.. 
 
 86:. 
 
 87.. 
 88.. 
 89.. 
 90.. 
 91.. 
 92., 
 93., 
 94.. 
 95.. 
 96.. 
 97.. 
 98., 
 99. 
 100. 
 
 .3 14 
 .3 15 
 .316 
 ,3 17 
 .3 18 
 .3 19 
 
 .4 
 .4 
 
 4 
 .4 
 .4 
 .4 
 .4 
 .4 
 .4 
 .4 
 
 
 1 
 2 
 3 
 4 
 5 
 6 
 7 
 8 
 9 
 
 .4 10 
 .4 11 
 .4 12 
 
 4 
 .4 
 
 13 
 14 
 
 .4 15 
 .4 16 
 
 4 
 4 
 
 17 
 18 
 
 .4 19 
 
 
 .5 
 
 a3 
 
 1 
 
 - \ 
 
 \ 
 
 }■ 
 
ADDITION. 
 
 John had 2 apples, and Peter gave him 1 apple ; then he had 
 3, hecause 2 apples and 1 apple added togetlier make 3 applet: 
 Thus 2 and 1 make 3. 
 
 Jane had 2 oranges, and Mary had 2 oranges, they give them 
 all to Catharine; then Catharine had 4; becfmse 2 oranges added 
 to 2 oranges make 4 oranges. Therefore 2 and 2 are 4. ; f .'**' 
 
 Henry has 3 pears, and wants 2' mJore, how many will he have 
 thent—2 pears and 3 pears make 5 pears. Then .2 ah^ 3 are 5. 
 
 Ann has 4 pins, and Sarah has 5,' they put them into a box, 
 how many pitis fire there in the box?T-4 pms and 5 j)ins addra 
 together make 9 pins. So 4 and 5 are 9. (See below.) ^ 
 
 Thomas has 3 peaches, Isaac has 6, an^ Joseph has 8, th^ 
 want to ki^ow hoW many they all hi^veJ 3 peaches and 6 peaches 
 added together make 9 peaches, Then 9 peache^ and 8 peachef 
 added together make 17, peaches. . Therefor^ :3 Jind. 6 make Ojn) 
 aiid !9 an3^8 mafe 17. .! , . 1 » - . c *"!. ■ i ^. n r 
 
 ^ -■ ' • ' • <> ■ ' ^ ' •• 1 1» « „ Vh 
 
 ^applanation of the Addition, Table, paffeTiix _ ^ i; 
 
 (♦ 
 
 01 
 it 
 
 M 
 
 f> 
 
 
 1'. .Jy 
 
 \i- 
 
 V 0. 
 
 -00iih«.i 
 
 
 I 
 
 apple. 
 
 
 .... ' 
 1 ' 
 
 
 5 
 
 pins. 
 
 \ 
 
 >,. .. 
 
 2 
 
 apples 
 
 ■::3, 
 apples; 
 
 
 {■■' : 
 
 : ■ 
 
 « - 1 
 
 * 
 
 t 
 
 -< 
 
 • .• 
 
 
 i 
 
 
 
 
 ..." ) 
 
 
 -; _ 
 
 4 
 
 
 
 ^ " 
 
 
 .9r>. 
 
 J 5 
 
 i 
 
 pins. 
 
 * 
 
 ' 
 
 
 
 
 pins; 
 
 
 < ; 
 
 • •^;i:^ 
 
 .JH 
 
 .i:^i^i .1 
 
 ..Oi^^ 
 
 -^}l^. 
 
 ..n^ 
 
 
 ..a- 
 
 
 ,?^i:| 
 
 ..M* 
 
 m T 
 
 ..*r^' 
 
 .k; 8 
 
 ..4ri: 
 
 fU; (> 
 
 ..mi 
 
 c^:' or 
 
 ..t^ 
 
 T^l n 
 
 ..ri^ 
 
 <:! s-'V 
 
 ..e*^ 
 
 ^ A 
 
 **-*- 
 
ehad 
 pie«: 
 
 them 
 idded 
 
 ' * f'i 
 I have 
 
 re 5. 
 
 t box, 
 
 idM 
 
 thdy 
 achei^ 
 lache^ 
 ike 9;rvS 
 
 JO 
 
 
 .." 'i*. 
 
 .17 VH>».^?!.| 
 
 ADDITION TABLE. 
 
 . ; or <»-^ 
 
 ^t t»f 
 
 10 
 
 12 
 
 :u 
 
 til o*(y. 
 
 hi nk' ^ 
 
 il2 
 
 2 
 
 -«■»* 
 
 6 
 
 8 
 
 9 
 
 10 
 
 11 
 
 l-J 
 
 14 
 
 5 
 
 10 
 
 11 
 
 12 
 
 13 
 
 8 
 
 9 
 
 10 
 
 11 
 
 12 
 
 13 
 
 14 
 
 15 
 
 14 
 
 8 
 
 1^ 
 
 U 
 
 1? 
 
 13 
 
 14 
 
 8 
 
 9 
 
 10 
 
 11 
 
 12 
 
 13 
 
 14 
 
 15 
 
 15 
 
 16 
 
 15 
 
 17 
 
 16 
 
 1617 
 
 9 
 
 10 
 
 a 
 
 12 
 
 i3 
 
 14 
 
 115 
 
 16 
 
 17 
 
 18 
 
 18 
 
 19 
 
 10 
 
 11 
 
 12 
 
 IS 
 
 14 
 
 16 
 
 16 
 
 17 
 
 f^ 
 
 IS 
 
 9 
 
 11 
 
 12 
 
 13 
 
 14 
 
 15 
 
 16 
 
 17 
 
 18 
 
 10 
 
 12 
 
 13 
 
 14 
 
 15 
 
 16 
 
 17 
 
 18 
 
 19 
 
 19 
 
 ?6 
 
 19 
 
 20 
 
 21 
 
 20 
 
 21 
 
 22 
 
 11 
 13 
 
 14 
 
 15 
 
 16 
 
 17 
 
 18 
 
 19 
 
 20 
 
 21 
 
 22 
 
 23 
 
 l*^ 
 
 
 14 
 
 15 
 16 
 
 17 
 18 
 
 < hnn^ 
 
 >9 
 
 ;2(J! 
 
 21 
 
 '42 
 
 23 
 
 24 
 
 ■!l 
 
 .J I 
 
 ban 
 
 t'i 
 
 •'lesson r, 
 f iand lare 2 
 {lahd 2arfe 8 
 Inland 3 are 4 
 ^^ 1 and 4 arc 5 
 } 1 and 5 are 6 
 f Ifeid'efare 7 
 
 •laiid Tare 8 
 y land Bare 9 
 Ifiihd 9 are 10 
 
 *^^ah(! 10 are il 
 
 
 ADDITION tABLE, 
 
 1.ESS0N II. 
 
 Sand 1 ate 3 
 2and 2Wre 4 
 2 and 3 are § 
 Sand' 4 are 6 
 Sand 5aiiB fr 
 2 ^nd" 6 are; 8 
 2 and 7 are ' 9 
 2 and' 8 Are 10 
 2aiid .9arell 
 • SatfrfiO^i-elfJ 
 
 ham V 
 bim C 
 
 ti» V. 
 
 LESSON Ilk. 
 
 3 And laiw 4 
 
 3^d Salt'e 5 
 
 3a^d 3;dre 
 
 3ahd 4are'7 
 3aBd' 5are 8 
 
 3 and 6 ai-e 9 
 
 3and 7;afel0 
 
 3ana 8;dffe:jl 
 
 3 and 9 are |2 
 
 3tiha 10^3^13 
 
 y 
 
w 
 
 ■'^♦Slu---^--. 
 
 4 and 1 ftr e 5 
 
 4 and 2 are 6 
 
 4 and 3 are 7 
 
 4 and 4 are 8 
 
 4 and 5 are 9 
 
 4 and 6 are 10 
 
 4 and 7 ate ll 
 
 4 and 8 are 1^ 
 
 4 and 9 are 13 
 4andl(X££re 14 
 
 LESS05 TII. 
 
 7 and 1 are 8 
 7aiid 2 are 9 
 7 and ft are 10 : 
 7 and 4 are ll 
 7 and 5 are 12 
 7sin<l 6 are 13 
 7 and t are 14 ^ 
 7 and 8 ^re 15 ' 
 7 and 9 are 16 
 ^|7and 10 are 17 
 
 i^cssoir X. 
 JO ai^d ; 1 ar« Jl 
 HO and ^ 2 ar« 12 
 10 and 3 are 13 
 )0 and 4 are 14 
 10 and 5 are 15 
 ;i0^nd 6arel6 
 19 and 7 are 17 
 
 'ir\ -.—"^ia ' o -iiQ 
 
 ILtF 3^xu o «if e xo 
 
 .10 Af^4 9 are 19 
 j|0 and JlO^rie So 
 
 i '■■* 
 
 LESSON V; 
 
 J J I tf>. 
 
 5 and -1 are 6 
 5 and 2 are 7 
 5 and 3 are 8 
 5 and 4 are 9 
 5 and 5 are 10 
 5 and 6 are 11 
 5 and 7 arc 12 
 5and 8 are 13 
 5 and 9 are 14 - 
 5andl0are 16^i 
 
 •- 
 
 
 LESSON VI. 
 
 6 and 1 are 7 
 6 and 2 are 8 
 6 and 3 are 9 
 6 and 4 are 10 
 6 and 5 are 11 
 6 and 6 are 12 
 6 arid 7 aire 13 
 ^and 8 are 14 
 6 and 9 are 15 
 6 and 10 are 16 
 
 LESSON Vlll.i 
 
 r 
 
 8 and 
 8 and 
 ft^d 
 Sand 
 8 and 
 Bmd 
 8 and 
 6aiMl 
 8 and 
 8 and 
 
 lare 9 
 
 2 are 10 
 
 3 are 11 i 
 
 4 are 12 
 '5'arel3 
 
 6^rel4 
 
 7 are l5 
 
 8 are 16 
 
 9 are 17 
 1:0 are ;;^,^^ 
 
 LESSON 
 
 Hand 1 
 
 11 and 2 
 
 11 and 3 
 
 11 and 4, 
 
 11 and 5 
 
 lland 6 
 
 Hand 7 
 
 XI. 
 
 are 12 
 are 13 
 are 14 
 are 15 
 are 16 
 are 17 
 are 18 
 
 ■• -i 1-^ J ' o -irt 
 
 ai ajttd 9aie'&0 
 11 ^4 10 axe 21 
 
 0! \ LE«SON IX. 
 
 9 and 1 are 10 
 9 aiid 2 are 11 
 ; 9aad 3 are 12 
 9 and 4 are 13 
 9 and 5 are 14 
 9 and . 6 are 15 
 9 and 7 are 16 
 9 and 8 are 17 
 9 and 9 are 18 
 9 and 10 are 19 
 
 LESSON 
 
 12 and 1 
 
 12 and 2 
 
 12 and 3 
 
 12 and 4 
 
 12 and 5 
 
 12ai?^d 6 
 
 XII. 
 
 are il3 
 are 14 
 ar« 15 
 are 16 
 aie 17 
 a»e 18 
 
 J2ajjd 7a^e;19 
 
 A<i iUiU 
 
 a 
 
 12 and 9 
 12 and 10 
 
 ^re'21 
 are 22 
 
 T 
 
 a 
 
 
;!,», •«*." 
 
 
 .•^ 
 
 S U B T R A C T I O N . r^ 
 
 '. ri':?! Jane has 3 applej^, and Mary takes 2 of them away; how 
 many has she left? Where there are 3 apples, take 2 of them 
 away, and there is 1 left. JSo 2 from 3 leaves ]. ..( . 
 
 Charlotte having 9 pins, gives 4 of them to Eliza; then she 
 has 5 left, because when a box has 9 pins in it, talie 4 of them out 
 and there will be 5 pins in the box. Then 4 from 9 leaves 5, or 
 5 from 9 leaves 4. .;■ « , . t ,.^i tr;* 
 
 ^. . Peter had 17 peacb^s In his bnskiBtrbut John took 9 orihem 
 out; tlien Peter had bui 8 left; for where there are 17 peaches, 
 take 9 away, and there are 8 peaches left. Therefore ^ from 17 
 leaves 8, or 8 from 17 leaves 9. . ; . ./ 
 
 ^-ilttoifk di? jvte SUBTRACTION TABLE. 
 
 
 
 
 12 3 4 5 6 7 8 1 9 1 iO 
 
 * * 
 
 •t 
 
 1 U j Si 3 4 5 6 7 j 8 9 
 
 
 , ?! 
 3 
 
 4 
 
 5 
 
 6 
 
 7 
 8 
 
 9 
 
 ... I 2 34 5 6 7 8 
 
 
 ....if. U 12 3 4 5 \ 6 I'- 7 
 
 
 ....•;. 1 2 3 1 4 5 6 
 
 J 
 
 1 t 3 4 5 
 
 
 
 
 .v^i^U.J.;^. ...... j 1 1 2 1 3 4 
 
 • 1 
 
 ! i 2 3 
 
 
 .,**.- 1 ' . 
 
 t; 
 
 .-^i^'i^t^t ^ - 1 . !^ ;^:^i^ -^":t1 I l 2 
 
 » 1 
 
 0» 1 
 
 y ; 
 
 
 1 
 
 * 
 
 
 r 
 
 .J 
 
 ■i'.: 
 
10 
 
 .%M 
 
 
 MULTIPLICATION 
 
 ^*! 
 
 Moses had 1 knife/ and Samuel had twice as many; then 
 Samuel had 2 knives, for twice means as many again. So twice 
 1 are 2. r-t /s*##4«fey«^jit«»ii,*.^*^i3, .Jtr-ft.l,.'- i^ un,?? ^tj. w.;^ 
 
 Simon has twice as many pears as Jacoh, and Jacob has 2 
 pears, then Simon has 4 pears, because 4 pears are as many again 
 as 2 pears. Therefore twice 2 are 4. ^^5 
 
 Charlotte, Amelia, and Eliza, have 2 oranges apiece, how many 
 had they all ? Now there being 3 of them, 2 oranges and 2 oran- 
 ges make 4 oranges, and 2 more mike 6 oranges. So 3 times 2 
 ^oranges make 6 oranges. Therefore 3 times 2 are 6, or twice, 3 
 are 6. 
 
 Four boys are playing, each boy has 5 marbles, how many 
 have they altogether? Now 5 marbles added to 5 make 10 mar- 
 bles, and 5 more make 15 marbles, and 5 more make 20 marbles. 
 then 4 times 5 marbles make 20 marbles. Consequently 4 times 
 5 are ahvayd 20, and 5 times 4 are 20t f - ^* 
 
 t-'. 
 
 t 
 
 %:: :| -^^ 
 
 d n Ai. ^ 
 
 r.LEssoi^ii ;;';^;;i 
 
 Twice 1 are 2 
 
 Twice 2 are 4 
 
 Twice 3 are 6 
 
 Twice 4 are 8 T 
 
 Twice 5 are 10 
 
 Twice 6 are 12 
 
 Twice 7 are 14 
 
 Twice 8 are 16 
 
 Twice Q are 18 
 
 fn^ —T - ••ilk ^■\r\ 
 
 xvrice lu are zv 
 Twice 11 are 22 
 Twice 12 are 24 
 
 MULTIPLiCATIoiif 
 
 I'i, 
 
 I 
 
 i 
 
 tiju«fHl(M*l^lU'>*A».^M»> ' 
 
 X LESSON U^ I 
 
 3 times 1 are 3 
 3 times 2 are 6 
 3 thnes 3 are 9 
 3 times 4 are 12 
 3 times 5 are 15 
 3 litnss 6 are 18 
 3 times 7 are 21 
 3 times 8 are 24 
 3 times 9 are 27 
 3 times 10 are 30 
 3 times Hare 33 
 3 times 12 are 36 
 
 LESSON IIL i. 
 
 4 times 1 are 4 
 4 times 2 are 8 
 4 times 3 are 12 
 4 times 4 are 16 
 4 time^ 5 are 20^ 
 4 times 6 are 24 
 4 times 7 are 28 
 4 times - 8 are 32 
 4 times 9 are 36 
 4 times 10 are 40 
 4 times 11 are 44 
 4 times 12 are 48 
 
 i 
 
 , 
 
 

 
 
 , LESSON IV. 
 
 V 5 times 1 are 5 
 
 LESSON V. •" 
 
 LESSON VI. 
 
 6 times 1 are 6 
 
 7 times 1 are 7 
 
 5 times 2 are 10 
 
 6 times 2 are 12 
 
 7 times 2 are 1 4 
 
 5 times 3 are 15 
 
 6 times 3 are 18 
 
 7 times 3 are 21 
 
 » ^ 5 times 4 are 20 
 
 6 times 4 are 24 
 
 7 times 4 are 28 
 
 \ •. 5 times 5 are 25 
 
 6 times 5 are 30 
 
 7 times 5 are 35 
 
 ■ '. 5 times 6 are 30 
 
 6 times 6 are 36 
 
 7 times 6 are 42 
 
 i .5 times Tare 35 
 
 6 times 7 are A^ 
 
 7 times 7 are 49 
 
 5 times 8 are 40 
 
 6 times 8 arc 48 
 
 7 times 8 are 56 
 
 5 times 9 are 45 
 
 6 times 9 are 54 
 
 7 times 9 are 63 
 
 « 5 times 10 are 50 
 
 6 times 10 are 60 
 
 7 times 10 are 70 
 
 « 5 times 11 are 55 
 
 6 times 11 are 66 
 
 7 times Hare 77 
 
 1 5 times 12 are 60 
 
 6 times 12 are 72 
 
 7 times 12 are 84 
 
 LESSON VII. 
 
 LKSSON VIII. 
 
 LESSON IX. * 
 
 . 8 times H are 8 
 
 9 times } ar^ 9 
 
 10 times 1 are 10 
 
 . 8 times 2 are 16 
 
 9 times 2 are 18 
 
 10 times 2 are 20 
 
 8 times 3 are 24 
 
 9 times 3 are 27 
 
 10 times 3are 30 
 
 8 times 4 are 32 
 
 . 9 times 4 are 36 
 
 10 times 4 are 40 
 
 ^ 8 times 5 are 40 
 
 9 times 5 are 45 
 
 10 times 5 are 50 
 
 : 8 times 6 are 48 
 
 9 times 6 are 54 
 
 10 times Care 60 
 
 *' 8 times 7 are 56 
 
 9 times 7 are 63 
 
 10 times 7 Are 70 
 
 ^ ^ 8 times 8 are 64 
 
 9 times 8 are 72 
 
 10 times 8 are 80^ 
 
 8 times 9 are 72 
 
 9 times 9 are 81 
 
 10 times 9 are 90 
 
 ... 8 times 10 are 80 
 
 9 times 10 are 90 
 
 10 times 10 are 100 
 
 ^ 8 tiaies 11 are 88 
 
 9 times 11 are 99 
 
 10 times Hare 110 
 
 ' t 8 times 12 are 96 
 
 9 times 12 are 108 
 
 10 tmies 12.are 120 
 
 .'. . --.^* ,.'.*,..^ w-i-'. .*^ *-iJ•^i • 
 
 
 ' - LESSON X '" '"' ' 
 
 ^■;^iCl«t^Wr '.' " • 
 
 11 times 1 are 11 
 
 1 1 times 5 are 55 
 
 11 times 9 are 9J> 
 
 11 times 2 are 22 
 
 11 times 6 are Gii 
 
 1 1 times 10 are 110 
 
 11 times 3 are 33 
 
 11 times 7 are 77 
 
 1 1 times 1 1 are 121 
 
 11 times 4 are 44 
 
 11 timcij 8 are 66 
 
 11 times 12 are 132 
 
 A 
 
12 
 
 .ry- m 
 
 W'i^ 
 
 1 
 
 ^ LEUSON XII. ' » 
 
 
 VZ tiniea 
 
 tare 
 
 12 
 
 12 times 5 are GO 
 
 12 tintea 9 are IOjI 
 
 ,12 time^ 
 
 2 are 
 
 JiJ4 
 
 I^ timed 6 are 72 
 ft times 7 are 84 
 
 12 times 10 are 120 
 
 V(l times 
 
 3 are 
 
 30 
 
 12 times 11 are 132 
 
 I'Z timus 
 
 4 are 
 
 48 
 
 12 times 8 are 90 
 
 12 times 12 are 144 
 
 H ' J : ' f. 
 
 * -* 
 
 # 
 
 » « Alt 
 
 
 1*^ M>tr,||' 
 
 
 IV. -« 
 J 
 
 
 ^;i >)iut,- 
 
 Si' !>' ' J <^ . ! 
 
 
 
 
 >■■* 
 
 & I vis JO Hi ^ 
 
 
 <fi~ A. imn has 2 apples to divide between his two children, how 
 lt» my will each have? They will each have 1, because 2 ones 
 make 2. Therefore 2 will go into 2 once, 3 into 3 ouce, 4 into 4 
 
 once, ^c.^ 
 
 
 n^d:.. 
 
 M<. -J ,,;■,*.*■■ 
 
 ' Harriet has 4 peai*s to divide equally bet\Veen Mary and'Jane. 
 *f hen Mary will have 2 pears, and Jane will have 2 peai*s, bo- 
 cause twice 2 pears make 4 pears. ,, . , : . , 
 
 f»j . ■ - ♦ ^h ;• ••: •-- ^ ^ ■- ■It? -S ■■■, 
 
 I*.. Richard, Henry, and Silas, have 6 oranges divided equally 
 betvv^«3n them. Now there being 3 of them, each boy will have 
 2, becau^se there are 3 2's in 6, or 3 times 2 oranges make 
 uranges. Then 3 will go into G twice, or 2 times, and 2 will also 
 go into 6, 3 times. i - -^^.i^ - f§-aj« ^r '■/■■ m ^mm ■ H- 
 
 The master divides 20 marbles amongst 4 good boys, how 
 ^Uany marbles has each boy? Now if 23 marbles be divided into 
 4 equal shares, there will be 5 marbles in each share ; because 4 
 times 5 marbles make 20 marbles: tlieu 4 will ;;o into 20, 5 timtts; 
 tLud 5 Lito f20, 4 timos. 
 
 
 •i-U.i)i *r:-iimui\ \ f'i) 
 
 
 
 
 .-■l*^^"! r" ./t 11 
 
 If- 
 
 r.^1^ \ .^'M't^^; t r 
 
 'i'.'-.i) >.'HVU (J 
 
 
 :'i«5:^ --.mur^ I't 
 
 
 1 i:K 
 
 ')t1tr.5-«'<' / M^f:' ■ i 
 
 iVW'^ -^'Ji.i'.l [i 
 
 ^Jy 
 
 ¥ir:%* ''-!'>aL' >^ 
 
 '-?^<^ 
 
{11 
 
 '^7 
 
 
 
 ]\ 
 
 lUI 
 
 .TU^UCATION AND DIVISION TABLE. 
 
 
 
 oc 
 
 ^l 
 
 G". 
 
 r- ^ — r- l-i 1— 1 1 1 1 1 
 
 ^ ^ ic ic »- Ol ^ci 00 1 --sii a*i v^ 
 
 1 1 i 1 
 
 1 J:. 1 CO 1 to 1 — 
 
 04^ 
 
 4^ 
 
 
 00 
 
 
 
 to (c to 
 
 GC cr. ^ 
 
 IO| tC 
 
 GC 
 
 a. 
 
 ^ 
 
 to 
 
 1 1 
 
 ( QQI Oi 
 
 I 1 
 
 ^1 to 
 
 4^ 
 
 — 1 00 
 
 4:^ 
 
 
 OS 
 
 
 0:. 
 Oi 
 
 
 
 to 
 
 to 
 
 4^ 
 
 to 
 
 
 cTt 
 
 to 
 
 •sC 
 
 '^.1 00 
 
 *-n Oil GTil C^l OtI 0«| 4^ 1 4^1 4^ 
 tCl QOl 4^ 1 Ol CrJ (>;,! OOI ,M O 
 
 001 Ow 
 CTil to 
 
 to 1 ICI t:^ 
 
 GC| 4- 1 
 
 
 KL 
 
 ^U^ 
 
 91 ^^ 
 
 001 --vil ^1 Oil c^i (^,j y,i 
 OlO'fOI^TIOlO'lC^ 
 
 oo 1 w 1 (>;. 
 
 tOl H- 
 
 • clJ 
 
 1— k 
 GC 
 
 1—* 
 6i 
 
 
 
 a: 
 
 
 
 h4- 
 
 
 
 C} 
 
 
 
 4- 
 
 GC 
 
 4^ 
 
 to 
 
 00 
 
 05 
 
 4-* 
 
 
 f-L 
 
 Ci 
 
 to 
 
 
 10 
 
 1—* 
 
 
 
 
 GC 
 
 'O 
 
 oc 
 4^ 
 
 
 -N 
 
 0. 
 
 
 
 
 4:- 
 to 
 
 WW 
 
 to 
 
 oc 
 
 to 
 
 4^ 
 
 -J 
 
 4^ 
 
 t— * 
 
 to 
 oc 
 
 5 
 
 
 c 
 
 
 GC 
 
 OC 
 
 00 
 
 
 4^ 
 
 
 4^ 
 
 oc 
 
 
 CO 
 
 
 1— ' 
 
 oc 
 
 
 0^ 
 
 4i^ 
 
 0. 
 
 to 
 
 •^ 
 
 
 
 0: 
 
 
 
 ^ 
 
 00 
 
 
 
 ^ 
 
 4^ 
 
 
 
 CO 
 
 ^ 
 
 cr 
 
 
 
 
 c 
 
 Q 
 
 C 
 
 
 
 s 
 
 
 
 
 C 
 
 ^ 
 
 QC 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 0^ 
 
 
 
 4^ 
 
 00 
 
 c 
 
 |o 
 
 h— 
 
 oc- 
 
 OC 
 
 •^1 
 
 
 4i. 
 
 
 03 
 
 >— 
 
 !>:; 
 
 
 (;0 
 
 00 
 
 
 Ci 
 
 
 4^ 
 
 4^ 
 
 
 to 
 
 - 
 
 3^ 
 
 
 
 
 00 
 
 oc 
 
 
 4^ 
 4:^ 
 
 to 
 
 c 
 
 c 
 
 oc 
 
 
 00 
 
 4~- 
 
 ^4 
 
 
 4i- 
 
 05 
 0. 
 
 to 
 
 ^: 
 
 WW 
 
 4i. 
 
 to 
 
 GC- 
 
 5 
 
 ex- 
 
 1— * 
 
 
 1—* 
 
 4:- 
 
 
 -^J 
 
 
 
 4- 
 
 <:o 
 
 ^1 
 
 
 
 
 00 
 
 to 
 
 ol; 
 
 
 OD 
 
 to 
 
 4ii. 
 
 to 
 
 
 
 
 GC 
 
 JC 
 
 
 
 
 10 
 
 JO 
 
 
 00 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 hO 
 
 ti 
 
 to 
 
 to 
 
 .CD' 
 
 
 00 
 
 
 
 \sy 
 
 
 
 
 — ^ 
 
 to <© 
 
 c v» :; 
 
 ^1 
 
 
 
 4^ 
 
 
 X 
 
 1 ■• 
 
 1 
 
 JO 
 
 t>L 
 
 
 to tw 
 
 .1.. 1 -f 
 
 J.' 
 
 - > 
 
 
 •— 
 
 1 ' 
 
 QC 
 
 0^ 
 
 4<i. 
 
 03 
 
 • 
 
 /^' 
 
 ,..»:. ^, 
 
14 
 
 /fe^w » » ito i^^ tP^t^<^^ >.\*. ,»,«*.- -:i-k 
 
 BRITISH, OR STERLING MONEY. 
 
 
 
 cr. 
 
 
 "■"*. 
 
 4 farthings make 1 penny. 
 12 penee " 1 shilling. 
 
 5 shillings " 1 crown. 
 20 shillings " 1 pound i If ^Jg^? li?? "' 
 
 The Shilling contains 3 dwt. 15 ^ grains of silver; and the 
 Sovereign, 5 dwt, 3.274 grains of gold. , 
 
 
 k:> 1 
 
 f M L. 1 ;,ri CANADA MONEY- 
 
 f I ■■ s.' / 1 
 
 <^iii-:: ' 2 C( _ _ 
 
 l^^f,^ 12 pence 
 
 i.X» 
 
 
 r ^ 
 
 <«^^r r 2 coppers make 1 penny. ^tv<ft««^^, ;w f^ ! 
 
 1 shilling. 
 ™--| •• 5 shillings " 1 dollar _ 
 a:*! <^ 20 shillings *\ 1 pounder !*-i 
 
 s. 
 
 i t«W<% /Mow* 
 
 ^< 
 
 ; ^-' ml:j i^^'l± 2^ shiihngs "^ _ . 1 poundi ',^Z ,^, ,^ 
 
 
 
 UNITED STATES MONEY IN CANADA: 
 
 -.4 T,<. 
 
 half-dime ^f^ 
 dime - t 
 
 1 York shilling 
 
 *■?*■* 1 >*«**— 
 
 .-^ i *-? 
 
 '■■^s V^ |.^5 cents ■ -f.^ i 
 -*^ ';^-' half a dollar 
 
 ^ t^A f ^' t "One dollar, t^.. p 
 A *E,f hall eagle s=»f 
 
 ■ *-. j.» t .>t<ii*<.w >iV ^ W h iifa^Jia-^ 
 
 ..i .«,.•■■■♦ 
 
 eagle 
 
 o pence^i,^ t,**^ '-*■•' 
 "■'■ 6 pence. ""■ •'■*^*^"^'^^' 
 
 7 pence halfpenny, 
 lb pence, or Is od. i- !^ ; c ; 
 30 pence, or 2s 6d. £v H* ^: t 
 
 5 shillings. .., i;^: ^"" ' ■' '-* ' 
 25 shiUings. 
 50 shillings, or $10. 
 
 
 . HSh^-"- '- 1 ■ 
 
 
 i • 
 
 •»•'*■ 
 
 "^FEDERAL MONEY IN THE UNITED STATES. :; 
 
 wi 
 
 ■"'v-"-! 
 
 :^^10 mills make 1 cent. ^ ^^--^ ^; 
 
 .1 J 
 
 t« 
 
 :i^; 
 
 '1 ^'*ii 
 
 ,.. :., > T 
 
 M«h f ^ I . 
 
 10 cents " 
 
 
 K^ 10 dimes " 
 
 -^ 1/\ J,.II u 
 
 i itf uuuaia " 
 
 1 dime.r riflj --> "• ' 1 S^ I rM 
 1 dollar. $. w ic 1'/ iC ^ 
 
 1 eagt^j. 
 
 1.^ 
 
 
 -..^ . ^. ,Wi^»ip«>*s^-- -V ,^^,^;,;a0u<*iK-'- 
 
 
 
 
 ^ 
 

 15 '• . ,» . • r;. %, 
 
 Note. — Accounts in the United States are commonly kept 
 in dollars and cents. This money increases in a tenfold jpropor- 
 tion, like whole numbers, which renders it more simple and easy 
 than the money of any other country, France excepted. The 
 attention of the British Government has at last (1841,) been di- 
 rected to the necessity of a more convenient and uniform system 
 of monies, weights, and measures, by which the use of the hete- 
 rogeneous mass of ^ Tables' that encumber our Arithmetics, and 
 which had their origin in ancient usages, when particular branches 
 of commerce were in their infancy, will be done away with, .^p^ 
 
 Weight is the tendency or force with which bodies of various 
 density fall towards the earth. ^ , 
 
 The standard of weight is the cubic mch of distilled water 
 weighing 252.458 grains Troy ; the Troy pound 5760 grains, or 
 22.8157 cubic inches. The Avoirdupois pound is 7000 Troy 
 grains, or 27.7274 cubic inches. / . • . 
 
 ^ TROY, OR GOLDSMITH'S WEIGHT, r^^^j ^ 
 
 ^ '' 24 grains, gr.\I!r-:.. ..-.-..... 1.1 pennyweight, dwt. 0.1 
 
 •^< ^ 20 pennyweights .^ 1 ounce, oz. 480 grs. " , 
 
 CgO 12 ounces 1 pound, lb. 5760 grs. . 
 
 |s^n Used to weigh gold, silver, Jewells, and liquors. 
 
 The Troy pound made of brass in 1785, now in tlie custody 
 of the Clerk of the British House of Commons, and weighing 
 5760 troy grains, is the standard wait from which all other weights 
 are derived. 
 
re 
 
 ■*' 
 
 
 «»'!>> AVOIRDUPOIS WEIGHT. v)A._ ^rro?! 
 
 ^^ ^ ^^- ^♦■i*H^»'- >*'*'" ;:-o^f»ffri-.f<^ji^»j --i-iT >ht.^,j. l'^'^**>' ^'i'yiS'i' 
 IB tftrawis make 1 ounce, oz. 437i 
 
 16 oimcej* I pound, lb. ^-^ '''^^^'^ '■ 7000 
 
 38 pound-* 1 quarter, qrr 98,000 N 
 
 4 quarters 1 hundredweight, cwt. 784,000 . 
 
 20 hundredweight 1 ton, T. 15,680,000 ' 
 
 This weight is used for all articles sold by weight, except 
 
 those mentioned under Troy and Apothecaries weights. 
 
 r ^ 
 
 .li 
 
 APOTHECARIES WEIGHT. ' »! /^ 
 
 Troy prninB. ^ ^^^ 
 
 
 V 20 grains make 1 scruple, T) 20 
 
 . V A .. 3 scruples ,^ .1 drachm, J 60 . 
 
 ^/^t 8 drachms T--^. ..1 ounce, ? 180 
 
 ^J«tt*12 ounces..:-:^.!..... 1 pound, lb. 5760// 
 
 Apothecaries prepare their prescriptions by this weight, but 
 
 buy and sell by Avoirdupois. i^T -^^^^;,#Hfefe'4^^ 
 
 ' '' ^ ^ ■ ■•"■ r-:: - ■ ■■^--•4mf!5Jiio..'/ 
 
 * APOTHECARIES FLUID MEASURE. r>inl^.<;<' 
 
 ' vi.t J - .? Ji- 
 
 Cubic Inchei. 
 
 2 drops - /. ^U. .... 1 min'un, tT[ 
 
 fO minims.... ..,.,j....^ .... .--......l dram, 3 ■it> : 0*271 
 
 8 drams. . .1 :•;; i I t^^^ri .1: .^!^. ....'.' l.ounce ^ -s-^Kv 2.166 
 
 16 ounces , . i -. i ^ -. >,.-'-- 1 pin^ '" ' * 34.659 
 
 ^ 8 pints ,.. M""" ' ; - - - - r - ^ J gallon, cong. 277.274 
 
 :_-^-^^. fi-ii.r .^sHHUfH^v) ;|o 9«T?f>H lif^^'S, At^/lo i'*^,!:^! i^fll^ 
 
.•'.'■■ J'M ill •ii----.» 
 
 ^{» 
 
 17 ... ,'- - . 
 
 Measures of length. 
 
 Jt Measure in length is the. distance of one object from another^ 
 according to some agreed standard* The standard for British 
 measures and those of other countries where science prevails, is 
 the length of a pendulum vibrating seconds, hi a vacuum at the 
 level of the sea, which in London measures 39.1393 inches. From 
 this the standard Brass Rod, of the government was made, which 
 regulates the measures now in use. . . . ^ . ^^.^ . , .. ^ j;a .., i 
 
 - ''5 CLOTH MEASURE/ "'^ .9!^ I It 
 
 3J inches tiiak6 - . .". ». .. . -...*..; 1 nail, n. '- ^'* - 
 
 4 nails. *.....-.......'-. 1 quarter, qr. * ' r- *^f^ f^ 
 
 4 quarters l,.i . 1 . . [.. 1 yard, yd. • ^* ' ^ 
 
 24 quarters 1 Ell Hamburgh, E. H. 22.i 
 
 ^^S quarters:..:!.: .:-!.... 1 Ell Flemish, E. Fi , 27 , 
 
 5 quarters 1 Ell English, E. E. '^ ' ''m^ 
 
 6 quarters I ^ I . w i 1 EU Ftench, E. Fr. 54 
 
 , 'V LliVEAL, OR LONG MEASURE. :';^^ \ ■■ 
 
 12 lines make.. «... «.. -**...! inch, Ih^ « 
 
 12 mciies.4.... ./-".------'..-..-- -.-.1 foot, ft. .? y v 
 
 .3 ftet ....--....:.-.. ..*.-.! yard, yd. ' 
 
 ^1 5^ yaifds. * ... 1 ...-.-.*-.. 1 pole or rod, p* * 
 
 \y^0 poles, ar 220 yards, - - - ^^ w^- - - . - .... 1 furlong, fur. | 
 
 8 furlongs «. . . ^ . — . . . 1 mile, M. 
 
 ^3 iniles*...-. .!.... :-....! league, L. 
 
 '/60 geographic, or 69^ statute mil^s- — — 1 d^egree, §e^» 
 :l 360 degrees the (jircumferehce of the earth. ff^ i h -^^ 
 
 ^^ yA Fathom is 6 f^et, or 2 yards; a Hand, the sportsman*^ 
 measure, is 4 inches; a Cubit is IJ foot; a Span is 9 inches; the 
 Chain for surveying land is 22 yards or 66 feet; and, contains 100 
 linke, eac^ 7.93 inchei^. . / . ..si^^jq ^ 
 
 (*S:{:.afH tr :to!wn\) r : .eff*.i-^rjd ^^^ . 
 
 f 
 
V. 
 
 tmtmmmtm 
 
 ^' 18 . • / V'" 
 
 t MEASURES OF CAPACITY, tce.Vi 
 
 ♦^^^«»!i''> wV WINE, OR LIQUID MEASURE. nr^^^^K 
 
 'uil..]?^;''yiniH /f<i^ ,, %i^'i,iiijx}.ri-n h*itt\)i.^i'ifxji Cul)ic liirheij >'• 
 
 4 gills - : .^ ..... 1 pint, pt an, 28.876 n^tu 
 
 2 pints 1 quart, qt. 57.075! •>>ir 
 
 i^ 4 quarts 1 gallon, gall. 233.0001'jrot 
 
 '^f 10 gallons 1 anker, A. .-> . , • A(M 
 
 18 do 1 runlet, R. n ajij «^,ialj^^!t«i 
 
 31i do 1 barrpl, bbl. 
 
 J42 do ltierce,tr. ' ' 
 
 " ' 63 do , 1 hogshead, hhd. ,j^^^ • i ^ 
 
 ; 84 do 1 puncheon, pun. ,',',•, j^' ^^ 
 
 126 do , 1 pipe, P. ,^.Nrt,i« j, 
 
 4tQ« do ... •-«.,*'^ 4»^.k. 1 lUn, 1. -i.tcn ?/■• 
 
 Yr'Conpmonly used in this, country to measure* Spirits, Wine, 
 Leer, Vinegar, and pther liquids. . ^ ; ' ^ ^* ; , ^ ^Vi '^iwip ^ 
 
 r-m^. -i^^,::.:^.^d^..l^, DRY MEASlIRE.;i'-'rC~^>^^Mii«f.N v> 
 
 2 pints -- ^1 quart, qt * ..,> 
 
 4 quarts. ....:.... ^ 1 gallon, gal. 
 
 2 gallons. . . . . ........ . .1 pecjt, P./ j; 
 
 4pecks,... .---..* 1 bushel, bns. 
 
 ^ 8 bushels ......-..:......... .1 qu.di'ter, qr. 
 
 S6 bushels 1 chaldroLS ch. '*''■ 
 
 Used to measure Grains, Fruit, Salt, Coal, S6ed, «S^c. &c. .^ 
 
 o ^ - r ^if m I k IMPERIAL MEASURE. ' ' 
 
 > ' ' ' , ^ ^ t. -X Cubic Inchea. ;^.' 
 
 5oz. (avoir.) of wateHilf/l'lC^Ifli:^! gill. 8.665 :^ 
 
 , 4 gills ..-..,..:...........lpint. 34.659 
 
 ^^^ ^pints.. .......: j:..:.Z....1 quart, 69.318 
 
 fJv'Mquarts... ...... ......:.... 1 gallon, 277,274,!:^ 
 
 ^*** ' !2 gallons .. 1. ....----. 1 peck 554.54^^* ' 
 
 4pecks Ibushel. 2218.191 ""' 
 
 8 bushels 1 quarter, 17745.526 
 
 •■ * 
 
 
 -< 
 
 Xi 
 
\> 
 
 The Imperial gallon contains 277.274 cubic inches of pure 
 water, at the temperature 63® Fahrenheit; or 10 lb. Avoirdupois 
 if weighed when the barometer is at 30 inches; and the other mea- 
 sures are in the same proportion. This measure is used in Bri-" J 
 tain, for all liquid and dry goods. 100 gallons of this measure*^ 
 are eqital to about 120 old wine gallons, or as 1 to 1.20032. ^ 
 
 't^.,>rn,tt o SOLID, OR CUBIC MEASURE, un MiUjsf»if>di* 
 
 1728 cubic inches make..-i^'V^>:^H:Ll cubic loot, f '^'ij*'3_#1o 
 
 "^^?' 27 cubic feet 1 cubic yard, yd. ^ i^*^''^ 
 
 40 cubic feet of rough, or ? -- -i i^„^ «^ ♦«„ i^ tl:*^»M«lo 
 I CA \^- c 4. cv. \- u i 1 load or ton, Ic. 
 '' 50 cubic feet of hewn tunber > -- • 
 
 ' 42 cubic feet 1 ton of shipping, T. sh- 
 
 f 5 cubic feet * 1 barrel of bulk, B.B. 
 
 * 128 cubic feet - ... 1 cord of wood, C. i f ^i 
 
 This measure is used in estimating any tiling having len^h, 
 breadth, and thickness.' ^^ i ........ . •*».* - - * •« /t»i> v 
 
 ' ' ' SaUARE, OR LAND MEASURE^ u'l^rJl^rt i:i 
 
 '•itf 144 square inches, s. in. .,-...1 square foot, d. f. J*»«<»t ^ ^ 
 
 9 square feet - .1 square yard, s. yd. ' > ^''^J 
 
 30i do yards... *.....! square pole or perch, e.p.*'V 
 
 40 perches .1 rood, R. v ;; ^ 
 
 .156^ '4roods V...-.1 acre, A. ' **'' »;>^ 
 
 4 I 640 square acres 1 square mile, s. m. 
 
 :f!*' 36 square yards make 1 ro6d of Building, and 100 square feet 
 1 square of flooring. — a square chain is 16 poles — 10 square 
 chains, 1 acre. This measure is used in estimi^ting any thing 
 having length and breadth only, » ^ f ;» ^,"^" ^- ; f * i ft . ' ,i>v 
 
..nnu MEASURES OF TIMEi'^'/ '' 
 
 Time is iisimlf/ measured by cei iiim regular motions, aa 
 
 'ill In .I'lJt:/' 
 
 dotation of the eurtli, U^ .wing of a neuduluiii, the iItU of a body, 
 the revolutions of the nioo/i round the earth, or the earth round 
 the sun. The use of the pendulum for thi» purpose, was fir»t 
 suggested to Gahleo, a distinguished Astronomer, on his observing 
 the regular motions of a chandelier; or lamp, Imng from the roof 
 of a Cathedral. He thus discovered that, every oscillation, or 
 motion back and forward, of the same pendulum^ \vh€tli<jr 'long 
 or short, is performed in the same time,,; pVhrjO'ii njd jj'> 01 
 
 GO seconds make .1 minute, min*( a. M. or ante meridian means be- ^ 
 
 60 mintltes . , * 1 hour^ ho. < fore mid-day. P. M. or poit*me- 
 
 .,24 hours ..^ 1 day, da^riin: ( "^^^'^n* »i«*»» after midday. 
 
 7 days 1 week we. t hak ,dJhr.fyiti 
 
 4 waeks 1 moath, mo. / * 
 
 12 calendar months, orl ) ..^ ){ /. J^v '; 
 
 13 lunar months, 1 day, 5 hours or > 1 common, or JuliMi year. 
 oo5 days ••.... ...4,.j(»:i»*>--U- ---.- j . .. It^'?) iifi;0p>{ lii 
 
 366 days ..-.......^^ i^.. '.....,.,. 1 leapyiear. , "^ Jirn* 
 
 365 days, 5 hours, 48 minutes, and 46 . > ' ' 
 
 seconds ,* ,i.> • . - - - - - 1 Solar, or Tropical year. 
 
 «* 
 
 
 GALENDAU MONTHS, WITH THE TlAYS IN BACK, 
 
 January, S\\ : - .fJuly, , 
 
 February* 28 Thirty days hath September ;. m August, ^ >' 
 i/r V. "^ oT April, June, and November, ,t,,,..,\ a^^^J.1^^ 
 March, 3 1 I Febrilarv IjIui twenty-e ght* iifone, J September, 
 April, 30 I And all tl -est have llnrty-one. ^ not«K«,. 
 
 May, 31 , 
 
 - ^' ^ * In lea-, v v ft^. • 
 
 
 
 •», AvW* -'•^ 
 
 
 October, 
 
 November, 
 
 vJ)ecemper, 
 
 3i 
 
 
 :ji 
 
 b'. 
 
I 
 
 
 ■ ' ■ . 21 
 
 .:tiaTi>T.a:iVl'' time— contmued. ^ ^ nu 
 
 ' Note.— Every fourth vear ia cjilled Birtnextile, or Leap vear, 
 which gives to the second iiioiitli, ( February) 2y day**. To ,xi;ow 
 wh**ther uiiy given year he leap ^ear, divide tlie date of the y% >r 
 h' 4 if there be no remainder, it is leap year. Thus, I62J divi* 
 ;itiil /V 4, leaves a remainder of 3, showing that it is tlie third vear 
 after leap year. 4^ ,* 
 
 ^^ Calendar Months are so called because by them the '»rdin ry 
 calendar or register of tiie year is kept, and they are uneijially d* 
 150 and 31 days, with tiie exception ol'Fe bi uiiry, vviiich is 2W, and 
 in leap-year, 5^i). The i2 months are thu.- made to correspon I 
 us nearly as possible, with the common yeui of <i()5 days. 
 
 A Lunar Month contains 26 days be i Jig Hie time which tht 
 moon takes in revolving round the earth. 
 
 A Solar Month is tlie space oX time iu wluch thfe ^wn passes* 
 trn'ouifh a aisn of the Zodiac. ■ ' . * , ", > 
 
 GEOGRAPHICAL, OR NAUTICAL MEASURE. 1 
 
 C075?- ^^^^ • * * - - • - • - - 1 nauticii 1 mile, naut. m, 
 
 3 miles. . - . . ........ i - 1 . 1 league, league. * / 
 
 20 leagues I degree, deg. or ® . * "'*" 
 
 380 degrees ....,.,,^ 1 circlf\ or the earth's cir- 
 
 '''' ' ^ ■ ' ' * * * • •" * cuinlc »"ence. 
 
 ANGULAR MEASURE, OR DIVISION OF 1 HE CIRCLE. 
 
 Seconds. 
 
 *^ 60 seconds" 1 minute, marked ' bO 
 
 t 60 minutes I degree, ^ 3600 
 
 30degrees 1 sign, s. 108,000 
 
 V 3 signs I quadrant, 3*24,000 
 
 , 4 quad-ants, or , = = ?i • i • i i^im mui 
 
 J23igns...- ^lcircle,circ. 1,'^D6,000 
 
 Used by Astronomers; Navigators, &c. "^* 
 
 ■ -.. . . .. -V ■ , i ' ■ ^■^■ 
 
 ' . ' . ' '■.-'- -fv 
 
JIU I II. BIIL.i l M IIII 
 
 22 
 
 DIURNAL MOTION of the EARTH REDUCED to TIME. 
 
 360 degrees are equal to , ^^ ATi^iT "^^"*f^ 'x^^^- ^^ Ijours. 
 
 yr 15 degrees , ^.^, ;f„f> , > uififi^ti^^tjsi^^/uft 1 hour. 
 
 ■; 1 degree,: , jjir-^t^Jf^ mi^r^-hmf mt-'iiti^v.Mt'*^^ 4 minutes. , 
 
 APPARENT ANNUAL MOTION OF THE SUN REDUCED 
 
 TO TIME. 
 
 ' ^'iT* 
 
 . V ; t 
 
 '.'m^:y^--'-U*-*^ 
 
 , 860 A^irees/or signs "'^^^'^'^ '""'^'''^ ^^35 dav^; ^^ HrcFm, nearly. 
 . 30 degrees, or jdaH/^- "'' 30 " 10 30 ",, 
 
 1 degree ,. . f^;^;M'-^,->l'^^' i ^« 21 -'^^*f^'': 
 
 E.vplanation ofSf^ns o" Characters use * m An'lhmcUc, 
 =» Pa;"allell Lines signify equal to, as 20s = £ \ • ;r-v./Mrri tin ■ ^ 
 -f- Perpendicular Cross, signifies plus or more, as 6 -J- 2 = 8, 
 — Straight Line, means minus or less, as 8 --- 3 = 5. * t" ' •- 
 X Oblique Cross— The sign of m'aItlplica^cOn, as 5x6=30 
 ^4- Dotted Line — The sign of division, as 20-f-4=5.^^j^^ , ^ 
 : : : :— The sign of proportion, as 6 : 4 : : 12 : 8, thus as 6 is 
 
 to 4 so is 12 to 8. 'nX^^ij '■■ . .- ^-. . ■• : ~ ;-r%-.- . . .at^sv^^ yj 
 
 PR03HSCU0US MEASURES AND QUANTITIES. 
 
 A Sc-^f-Ji and Irigli mUe is about 1 3-4 English miles. A Russian Verst, 3-4 
 «lo. A PrencI) Leaifue, 3 do. A French Toiae, (Hect. The French Metre, 
 39 1-2 Knfflish hirhos. A Pulm, or llandbreath, 4 do. A cubit 18 do. A Fa- 
 thom, (4 cubits) 7 feet 3 inches. 
 
 ]2 articles are 
 )2 dozen 
 12 groco 
 2l> articles 
 ( u score 
 
 '^" 1 dozen *' * 
 * 1 groce, 
 : ^- 1 great groco, 
 1 score, 
 hi % 1 hundred, 
 
 6 score ' * ""* *•* 
 24 sheets paper. 
 20 quires 
 GO skins pur hmcnt 
 
 1 great hundred 
 I (juire, 
 ) ream,* 
 1 roll. 
 
 * The outside quires of a Ueaui contain only 20 siiects each. 
 
 "i 
 "«■■ *. 
 
 I 
 
 8. 
 

 /'it&sc J^^ik ' f. .vk^^>-(Mi ■ 
 
 23 
 
 ( 
 
 '.-rZmn: ALiauox, or even parts^j : 
 
 ' -'^ PARTS OP A PJNNY. 
 
 1 (arthinff is ^-^^ ^umm^^ix 
 
 2 ffirlliings ^ i^,J 
 
 3 iartUuigs # 
 
 V PARTS OF A POUND. 
 
 3 4 .'fi/rr^/ 
 
 PARTS OF A SHILLING. 
 
 12 pence is ^ 1> 
 6 pence „^ .^ 
 4 ponce , .'^^ ll 
 
 t' ' • V 
 
 ' ' ■ , ' "- ■ ■*_ 
 
 12 
 
 3 p< nee 
 2 pence 
 
 1 penny 
 
 ♦i u (/ 
 
 PARTS OF A DOLLAR. 
 
 «^^ ■■■*■ ,:u'li■>'.■^^'^A<'u2 
 
 I 8 ^ ^ ^ 
 
 1 
 
 n 
 
 ^•*'^ ^ PARTS OF A CWT, 
 
 
 14 
 
 ^" 
 
 
 3? 
 
 - I • 
 
 i 
 
 1_ 
 
 16 
 
 PARTS OF A POUND, 
 
 20 is '4'. !, ^.:;!.'^cji,.;i.-n4-> J 
 10 -^^ '^•^•>'' ^-*'' '' ''•>^" "i 
 
 PARTS OP A TOx\. 
 
 cwt. qrs. . 
 
 20 
 
 10 O 
 5 O 
 
 :}U: 
 
 mt 
 
 4 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 1 
 
 ^■u^^ 
 
 
 
 
 
 -. . . .ton. 
 
 .... .-...■ *. -. • -. ■< ^ 
 
 * • ♦ • - '. 9 
 
 \T -f^SX/t 111 
 
 V: lA'aJ^:> ^ • • *^v -^Q 
 

 rT^;^r 
 
 24 
 
 SCRIPTURE WEIGHTS AND MEASURES. 
 
 The design of giving the weights and measures of Scripture is, 
 to enable Instructors to propose questions to their pupils for solu- 
 tion, from the Old and New Testament, which wdl at once be 
 interesting, instructive, and profitable. *i- '" 
 
 TIME. 
 
 :h 
 
 efore, 
 
 The naturalJewishday of 34 hours, 
 wu« reekoni d from sunset to sunset 
 hut the artificial day from sunrise to 
 £unset; and it was divided into 12 hours 
 beginning ahoui 6 o clock. Our? 
 cloci( in the morning was, the 
 called by the Jews the 1st hour, 8 o' 
 clock the ^l hour, &c. &c. ujjtii the 
 l'2th. which wiis about G o'clock in the 
 evening At this hour the niglit com 
 mtjnced, and anciently wa* divided into 
 three watches, but in our Saviour's 
 time into four, called in Scripture the 
 *' evening, * "midnight," ''cockcrovv- 
 itig,'' and '* morning " 
 
 The days of the week were called the 
 First, Second, &c. The first corres- 
 ponding with the christian Sabbath, and 
 the seventh or Saturday, with the He- 
 brew Sabbath. 
 
 The Jewish civil year begdn with the 
 nutumnal equinox, or the month "Tis 
 ri," because it was believed the world 
 was created at that time The sacrkd 
 Ykar began about the vernal equinox 
 or the month " A bib," to com»iemo 
 ra»e their deliverance from Kgypti'an 
 bondnge ; and each consisted of 12 
 months alternately of 29 and 3' days 
 But as this falls short 11 days of the 
 H(i5— a nioiith was added to correct tin 
 difforcnct^ ^vftry three or four years 
 called " VemUr " 
 
 AIEASURES OF WEIGHT AND 
 VALUE. 
 
 Thuniite, 
 
 The^ denarius, or 
 
 Homan penny 
 The gerah, 
 The beka, 
 The shekf'l, 
 The maneh,or p'nd 
 The talent of silver 
 The talent of gold, 
 
 VVlStaHT. VALUE. 
 
 lb oz.d*igr in h. c'y. 
 jC s d 
 
 08 
 
 Odl| 
 
 013 
 
 Oil 
 
 4 9 
 
 9 3f'm23a3 
 
 2317.2 680 
 114 3804 2 
 114 Ou 0|C033r)8 
 
 MEASURES OF LENGTH, 
 
 The Digit or fingersbreadth, 0.912 inch 
 The Palm, or handbreadtb, 3^ inches. 
 The Span, 10 do 
 
 The Cubit, 18 do 
 
 The Sacred Cubit, 2 feet 
 
 The Fathom, (4 cubits) 6 feet 
 KzekiePs Keed, lOfeetlOin 
 
 MEASURES OF CAPACITY. 
 
 The Log, about — 
 
 The Cab, 
 
 TheOmer,.,, ; ^ ,^, 
 
 TheHin, 
 
 The Seah, 
 
 The Ephah, nearly a bushrd, 7^ 
 
 MISCELLAiNEOUS. 
 
 A Day's JoMraey, about 33 miles — A 
 Sabbath day's Journey, about 3-4 niile.! 
 
 i pint 
 3] do 
 &X do 
 l^gallott 
 ^i do 
 do 
 
.w#'^i?S'^i3^fei' 
 
 
 ES. 
 
 ture is, 
 or aolu- 
 f^cQ be 
 
 r AND 
 
 VALUE. 
 
 inh. c'y. 
 £ s cl 
 
 I i^QS 
 li 1] 
 
 II 13 
 Jf'm2sa3 
 
 •i\ 660 
 
 01 380 4 i 
 | )j6033 6 8^ 
 
 NGTH, 
 
 0.9 1'i inch 
 3,^ inches. 
 
 do 
 
 do 
 
 2 feet 
 feet 
 
 feet. 10 in 
 VCITY. 
 
 i pint 
 3i do 
 
 Q\ do 
 lit galloa 
 2.^ do 
 
 J3 miles— A.| 
 ut 3-4 mile. 
 
'X 
 
 is 
 
 THEfbMowing have been lately published; or are now 
 publishing, — ^viz : 
 
 Lesslie, Brothers' ha^e lately published a »ev7 and 
 greatly improved edition of liiis valuable Sohool Book, 
 adapted to the Youth of Caiiac(a, being printed on fine 
 English paper, and bound inr a superiftr manner, they can 
 wim confiaence recommend it to the favorable notice of 
 the Tirade, and Teachers of Schools, .^tieipating a large 
 sale for the work, they have fixed the price at the ordinary 
 rate diarged for die common, editions. 
 
 Tke Iktfaiit's Boob*. 
 
 Just Published— a neat work, under this name, as a 
 First Book for Learners. Price Is. per dozen, or 6s.. 3d. 
 per hundred. 
 
 Carpenter*s Scholar's Spelling Aa^iSTANi.. 
 Smith and Little's Sacjied Music. 
 The Infant's Book. 
 Tkj^Crild's Primer. 
 
 LESSLIE, BROTHERS, 
 
 ]pRi:nrTi:Rs^^ publishers, 
 
 BOOKSELLERS AND STATIONERS, 
 
 TORONTO^ 
 
 KEEP CONSTANTLY ON HAND ALL KINDS OF 
 
 ;igiMi@®L ©©©Kg imm- §T^Ta@iP5rii^Vg ^ 
 
 Wliieh they can supply on the most reasonable terms, g 
 
 Reffetil* 
 
 ^ 
 
 V 
 
 ^OTTOmT3mTOmmTOmTO?i^!OTOTm?OTTOOTmTO^m^s 
 
 fsm^-^'^'im 
 
 '^M^Jlfl^^ 
 
g 
 
 s 
 
 ^~'i r >iic 
 
 > I ' -rO-^ 
 
 ""$' 
 
 ■iXA 
 
 . "K^: 
 
 
 ••« ••! It. f" .* 
 
 'onn, 
 
 . .y ^» -«- 
 
 < 
 
 
 '■■*-■ ■■■' ■ -•.•■^> < J-i^*^& 
 
 
 ^^ 
 
 
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 1 
 
 
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 ''''^^ 
 
 .??:itt-^^:.: 
 
 
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