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 A.OTS, 2C-V-I, 4-5- 
 
 **As they went through the Cities^ they delivered them the de* 
 er^esfor to keep, that were ordained of the Apostles and Elders 
 which were at Jerusalem. And so were the Churches established 
 in the faith and increased in number daily," 
 
 This passage may be illustrated by the previous chapter in 
 which is given an account of the first Synod of the Christian 
 Church. Disputes had arisen at Antioch respecting obser- 
 vance of the Mosaic ceremonial law. Christians who had been 
 brought up Jews insisted that the law of Moses was still 
 binding upon all, even upon Christians of Gentile birth who 
 had never belonged to the Jewish church. Paul and Barn- 
 abas were sent to Jerusalem to represent the matter at a 
 Council of the Apostles and Elders, held about 20 years after 
 the Ascension. The subject was formally discussed, and after 
 much debate St. James, who, appears to have presided, sum- 
 med up the conclusion and gave the sentence, which was put 
 in writing as the "decrees of the Apostles and Elders." The 
 purport being that th« Gentiles who were "turned to God" 
 need not be under the bondage of Jewish ceremonial, a few 
 points excepted; and directions were given to meet sotae 
 special moral dangers. These decrees, and perhaps others, 
 we read in my text, St. Paul and his companions delivered 
 afterwards to the cities of Asia, "and so were the churches 
 established in the faith and increased in number daily." 
 
 The part taken by the laitj"^ In these decrees was apparently 
 that of consenting, approving, and furthering what had been 
 done, "then pleased it the Apostles and Elders with t^e 
 whole church." 
 
 "The Apostles and Elders, or Presbyters, as the original 
 word for Elder is, which we have shortened into Priest, re- 
 presented the permanent ministerial body of the Kingdom or 
 Church of Christ. There was a third Order, that of Deacons, 
 whose office was also spiritual although employed in dispens- 
 ing the charity of the church. * The ordaining and chief 
 
 • Acts, Tl, 6-6., Phil,, i, 1., I Tim., iii, 8-13. 
 
 I ' 
 
 157174 
 
it 
 
 11.. 
 
 ruling power was in tlio Apostles, who, towards the close of 
 their ministry selected Presbyters to whom they committed 
 this chief authority, (not their extraordinary gifts), as we 
 learn from the Epistles of St. Paul to Timothy and Titus. * 
 The word ^tsAqp. episcopos, meaning an overseer, was during 
 the Apostles' time applied to the Presbyters or Elders, 
 but atterwards it was confined to those who suc- 
 cceeded the Apostles in the government of the Church. 
 Before the close of the first century after their death this 
 Episcopal form of church order was found iraiversally estab- 
 lished. Early christian writers state that the Apostles es- 
 tablished Episcopacy, and lists are given by them ot Bishops 
 succeeding one another from Apostolic times. | With the 
 exception of St. James, the Apostles appear to have gone 
 about at large, but in the first age the system afterwards 
 called Diocesan which limits to a particular district the Bish- 
 ,pp'8 sphere, was fully established and has been the rule ever 
 . J amce, the Kingdoms of this world being as it were thus map- 
 .. ped out to become the Kingdom of Our Lord, and of His 
 Christ. § Particular care was taken in transmitting the 
 ministerial authority, and b^ the Apostolical Constitutions ** 
 which represents the discipline of the chuich in the second 
 P^ntury three Bishops were required for the consecratlou of 
 ., one to the Episcopal order. The Orders of the Anglican 
 ; Church are thus derived. The teachings of the Church of 
 JBngland upon this point, in the Preface to the Ordination 
 Services, is as follows: — 
 
 , " It is evident unto all men diligently reading the Holy 
 [Scriptures and ancient authors, tnat from the Apostles' 
 time there have been these orders of ministers in Christ's 
 Church: Bishops, Priests and Deacons." 
 
 Under this system in all ages' of the Church have Synods 
 beet! held for the furtherance of tl e Gospel, the settling of 
 Religious questions, and the order and discipline of the 
 Church. The larger Synods have been called Councils. 
 These have consisted of the Bishops and Clergy ot many 
 Dioceses. The four most celebrated were those of Nice, A. 
 
 Tim., iii, 1-14., r. I7-19-20'22., 2 Tin.^ ii, 2. 
 
 * 1 Tim., i. 3., 1 
 Titvi, i, 5;, iii, 10. 
 
 . tlrtDMiu, A. D., 180. Hegeiippnt, A. D., 163. Tertallian, A. D.,200. 
 JfiMtbioa, A. D., 316, gives the Bucoession of Bishops in Jerasklem, Aoti- 
 oojb, Rome. Alexandria, all from Apostles, aad iotimateb tbe same conld b« 
 tra<!«d ia all Oliarohes. Prof. Blunt's Cbfistian Church, p 85, 88. 
 
 'i ;|iiR»T.,Xi, 15. 
 
 - •» A work wiiten abont 250, A. D., within, that is, 150 years after the 
 death of the last Apostle. Beveridge in Oanones Apostolicos. Works Tol. zii, 
 p XXX, Coanoil of Nicea, A. D., 325, reqaired three at least. 
 
e close of 
 ommitted 
 8), as we 
 
 Titus. * 
 'as during 
 tr Elders, 
 7ho suc- 
 
 Church. 
 death this 
 ally eatab- 
 postles es- 
 )t Bishops 
 With the 
 have gone 
 ifterwards 
 t the Bish- 
 ) rule ever 
 
 thus map- 
 md of His 
 litting the 
 titutions ** 
 the second 
 ecratiou of 
 e Anglican 
 Church of 
 Ordination 
 
 J the Holy 
 
 Apostles' 
 
 in Christ's 
 
 ive Synods 
 settling of 
 ine of the 
 i Councils. 
 Ij ot many 
 of Kice, A. 
 
 ID, A. D.,200. 
 a8»Iem, Aotl- 
 same conld b« 
 , 88. 
 
 fear* after tha 
 YorkBTol. xii, 
 
 ill. 
 
 D., 325, Constantinople, A. 'D., 881, Enhesus, A. D., 431, 
 and Chalcedon, A. D., 451. At these the doctrines of our 
 creeds were settled, and the Reformed Church of England 
 recognizes their authority as having been accepted by the 
 undivided Church and as representing the Christianity of 
 those early ages before the truth had been overlaid and ad- 
 ded to by the corruptions of later days. Those early ages 
 were not, however, free from violent controversy, but it has 
 been justly remarked that "sad as weie such distractions, 
 yet by fighting out those diftcrences, instead of attempting 
 to stifle them by compromise, the church gained a fixed 
 and deflniie form of sound words, which was of the greatest 
 value, and even necessity, for the preservation of her faith 
 through the following ages of ignorance." * 
 
 The Provincial or General Synods are composed of repre- 
 sentatives from a Confederation of Dioceses within a limited 
 area, such are the two Provinces of Canterbury and York 
 composed of Bishops and Clergy, from whose deliberations 
 came our 89 articles and the revised Prayer Book, the Laity 
 consenting in England through the Parliament. 
 
 There is a Provincial Synod of six Dioceses in Canada, 
 also in New Zealand, Australia, and the Cape. 
 
 The Diocesan Synod is that of a single Diocese coBBisting 
 of the Bishop, Clergy and Laity. 
 
 My brethren we are about to follow the example of the 
 Church from the beginning, and in the same mode, by 
 organizing here a Diocesan Synod. This is a subject so 
 closely connected with the spread ofthe Gospel ani the in- 
 terests of religion that our thoughts may well be directed to 
 it in the house of God, and I pray that the Holy Spirit may 
 be with us inclining and enabling us to will and to do only 
 what is right. 
 
 The subject may be considered as to the Constitution, the 
 Objects and the good Results to be expected from the estab- 
 lishment of a Synod. 
 
 1. — The Constitution. — Synods of the Church of England 
 in all the Colonial Provinces are composed of three parties; 
 the Bishop, the Clergy, and the Laity by representation. 
 
 The two former are the appointed rulers, pastors and 
 teachers of the flock, holding the Divine Commission of the 
 Ministry of Reconciliation, ofthe "Word and Sacratuents. f 
 , The feishop at his consecration to the Episcopal Order has 
 received, in addition to what he has in common. with the 
 Presbyters, the power of Ordaining and the change of spirit- 
 
 * Canon Robertson's Church History, vol i, 197. 
 f Heb., xiii, 17-24. 
 
 ili 
 
 il^ 
 
 
tiftl Qovemment and Pastoral care over the wliolo Dioceao, 
 including a Judicial authority. * It is his office to "set in . 
 order the things that are wanting." t 
 
 The Diocese is a portion of the flock of Christ committed 
 to the charge of the Bishop, as Chief Pastor, by those in au- 
 thority who consecrate him to the office. The Parish is 
 also a portion of the flock of Christ committed to the charge 
 of a Presbyter by the Bishop. Clergy and Laity may elect 
 a Presbyter to be their Bishop, bait cannot confer the Epis- 
 copal office and authority upon him. Parishoners may elect 
 their clergyman, but cannot confer upon him his appoint- 
 ment to the Spiritual charge — Spiritual authority never 
 comes from below, but from above. 
 
 In giving this brief sketch of the constitution of the Christ- 
 ian ministry, and particulars of Synod?, I am not oflering 
 my own opinion, but describing facts of history and exist- 
 ing organizations to aflbrd information. A minister of 
 Christ m speaking of his own office is liable to appear self- 
 exalting, but in a subject like this there is no choice, and 
 he must, humbly I hope, but faithfully, state the rules and 
 principles of the Church. 
 
 A first step in organization of a Synod is to settle the 
 fundamental provisions as a basis of agreement between the 
 parties. Also a declaration of principles is agreed upon and 
 accepted by all and each. The following is an example of 
 such a declaration as adapted in New Zealand: — 
 
 "This branch of the Church of England in N. Z., doth liold 
 and maintain the doctrine and sacraments of Christ as the 
 Lord hath commanded in His Holy Word, and as the 
 Church of England hath received and explained the same 
 in the book of Common Prayer, in the form and manner of 
 making, ordaining and consecrating Bishops, Priests and 
 Deacons, and in the 39 articles of religion. And the Synod 
 hereinafter constituted for the government of tnis branch of 
 the said Chnrch shall alsohold and maintain the said doctrine 
 and sacraments of Christ, and shall have no power to make 
 any alteration in the authorized version of the Holy Scrip- 
 ture, or in the above named Formularies of the Church." : 
 
 I only give this as a specimen. You will observe a lead- 
 ing feature is the close adherance to the principles of the | 
 Mother Church, to which each and ail are expected to sub-i 
 •cribe. 
 
 The binding principle is a contract made by the three! 
 ' parties,, the Laity representing their congregations, to bej 
 
 * See in Prayer Book the Coasecratioa of Biabopa. 
 t 1 Oor., zi, 34., Titaa i, 6. 
 
bouud bj whatever is agreed upon by all in I! .'nod, b^ tha 
 Bishop that is, a majority of the Clergy, and a maiority of 
 the Laity. This is called concurrent assent^ applicable prin- 
 cipally to the Legislative action of the Synod, not necessarily 
 carried into details. For instance, if a Board of Trustees 
 were appointed for the management of property, the busi- 
 ness would be conducted by the members as in ordinary 
 cases — subject of course always to the Synod. 
 
 There is no occasion for any appeal to the Local Legisla- 
 ture tor powers. Other religious societies bind themselves 
 by their own regulations without any such powers. Though 
 some of the oarlier Synods obtained enabling powers from 
 the State, the later ones have done without, and find the 
 voluntary compact principle sufficient for all purposes. 
 
 2. — Objects. — A nrst object of a Synod is to apply the 
 canons and laws of the !^rovincial Synod, in our case the 
 Church of England, to the local circumstances. It is also 
 to make such laws and regulations for the good government 
 and efficiency of the Church as are required from time to 
 time. Its functions are purely legislative, not judicial. It 
 is not called upon to give judgement upon doctrines. These 
 are already decided in the Standards of the Church of Eng- 
 land, which are accepted in the fundamental declaration. 
 Amongst matters to be regulated would be of course the 
 rules of order and mode of proceeding in the Synod, election 
 and qualification of lay representatives, financial questions 
 and management of property, appointment of ministers and 
 the tenure of their cures, laws of discipline, native missions, 
 measures for the spread of the gospel and decrease of vice, 
 higher education, preparation for the ministry, the election 
 of future Bishops, committees would be appointed to report 
 upon various subjects, and probably there would be elected 
 a standing committee. Want of legislation in these matters 
 is urgent, some are of deep importance, and you, my breth- 
 ren, supposing as a congregation you join the Synod, in 
 selecting your representatives next Easter will need to feel 
 your responsibility and to act with thought and prayer to 
 God to be guided aright, so that all may be done fqr His 
 Glory and the increase of His Kingdom. 
 
 8. — Good Besulis may be anticipated with reason though 
 we must expect some difficulties. 
 
 Mutual satisfaction and confidence may be expected from the 
 fact of all having their api)ointed sphere. All will be in their 
 place. The Bishop, while he take no important steps 
 without the counsel and consent of Clergy and Laity, ani 
 shares with them, indeed hands over to them a considerable 
 part of the administration of affairs, need not be dislocated from 
 
VI. 
 
 any function which has always belonged to the Episcopal 
 oflico. The Clergy who are deeply interostid in measures re- 
 specting appointment to curon, mode of tenure in the same, 
 election ot their Bishop, and laws of discipline will be sub- 
 ject to no regulations without their consent. The Laity 
 who are most concerned of all in the efficient pertbrraance 
 of ministerial duties, v/ho supply the means of support to 
 their Clergy, who are the most fitting administrators of 
 trusts, whether of real or personal property, will have noth- 
 ing concluded without their approval. 
 
 The corporate life of the Diocese as a branch of the Church 
 Catholic will be exhibited and set in action with ability to 
 take part and to utter a distinct voi^e ?n any wider move- 
 ment affecting religion in the world. 
 
 By union and concert there will be more strength to do 
 good. The Clergy will not be so liable to ho disheartened 
 from a sense of isolation, and the Laitj, represented and 
 consulted by right, will be naturally more ready to aid in 
 every good work. 
 
 By common action a wider interest must be felt by all and 
 less danger will there be of individual eccentricity and of 
 congregational independence, by all taking part ana interest 
 in the general welfare of the Church, realizing the principle 
 that " if one member suffer all the members suffer with it," 
 and "bearing one another's burdens," and "so fuUfilling 
 the law of Christ." * 
 
 And we may expect, (such is the testimony ot all who 
 have had part in Synods), that those who hold diflerent 
 views, within the latitude allowed in the Church of Eng- 
 land, will be brought nearer together in both feeling and 
 opinion. Each one, in open discussion may bring to the 
 other some truth which he has overlooked, and each may 
 convince the other of some extreme which the due propor- 
 tion of doctrine requires to be modified. 
 
 In any case even diflference of view need be do impedi- 
 ment to hearty co-operation. Considerable difierences in 
 ritual appear to have been no just ground of disunion, or 
 even disapproval, in the times of the Apostles. We do not 
 read that the Christian converts under St. James, who were 
 "all zealous of the law," f were any less acceptable dis- 
 ciples of the Lord Jesus Christ, than those from the Gentiles, 
 to whom St. Paul ministered at Antioch, who shrank from 
 Jewish Ritual. Thus while the Scriptures we have been 
 considering teach us not to be disheartened at the religions 
 
 * 1 Oor., xii, 26., Qal., vi, 2. 
 f Acts, xzi, 20. 
 
acopal 
 ires ro- 
 I Bame, 
 
 3 Laity 
 rinance 
 >port to 
 [itorB of 
 ve noth- 
 
 ! C\iurch 
 ibllity to 
 er viiove- 
 
 agih to do 
 leartened 
 ntcd and 
 r to aid in 
 
 by all and 
 ity and of 
 lid interest 
 e principie 
 if with it, 
 > fuimiling 
 
 ot all wbo 
 »ld difterent 
 cb of Eng- 
 feeling and 
 bring to the 
 I each may 
 
 due propor- 
 
 3 Doimpedi- 
 iifterences in 
 disunion, or 
 We do not 
 les, who wero 
 cceptable dis- 
 X the Gentiles, 
 3 shrank from 
 we have been 
 t the religioas 
 
 Vll. 
 
 controversies of our day, for some controvoray there h(ia 
 always been; we learn also charity and forbearance towards 
 one another. 
 
 If, in dependence upon the Holy Spirit, we can carry with 
 us into our Synod tho spirit of brotherly kindness in "hon- 
 or preferring one another," discussing difficult and exciting 
 auestions with manly and Christian forbearance, we may i" 
 oed hope our deliberations will be productive of good Ut 
 the Church of God and of profit to ourselves. 
 
 All who shall have taken part may return each yenr le- 
 freshed and edified, full of purpose to do more r ' i to 
 sacrifice more for the highest objects which can engage the 
 energies of man Yhen the results shall go forth, "tho 
 decrees for to keep," — the doctrines and principles and oruer 
 of our dcui Church of England, which we shall havp con- 
 firmed and applied to our special circumstances, "the 
 churehes" will "be established in the faith" "the faith which 
 was once delivered unto the Saints," * — the faith unmixed 
 with novelties ©f mediaeval days or with smooth things to puit 
 •the spirit of the age,' — the solid Verities of God, revealed to 
 us in Christ and His Apostles, recorded in the Scriptures, 
 summarized in the Creeds, transmitted to us in the Church. 
 May this movement also be productive of an increase of 
 labourers in the Lord's Harvest, an increase in the number 
 of the Churches, an increase and deepening of the true life 
 of holiness amongst us, an increase in the number of souls 
 brought to Christ in penitence and trust, and an incre "e to 
 that great multitude whom no man can number of all 
 nations, and kindreds, and people, and tongues, whose per- 
 fect bliss is deocribed in the figurative language of the final 
 Scripture, they stand " before the throne and the Lamb, 
 clothed with white robes and palms in their hands," and 
 sing with everlasting praise, " Salvation to our God, which 
 s-'^teth upon tho throue and unto the Lamb." f 
 
 ' ■■.... .1 I .I.., — .^i. ■■■ I...... M_ii I I _■— — iiii.M i.i^»aii I I Mtmt 
 
 * Jude, 3. 
 
 t Ret., T il, 9-10. 
 
 hi