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They are manufactured under the personal supervision of the original inventor, and are receiving constant improve- tnentS, Every scale is warranted durably accurate, and each one is thoroughly tested by the United States Standard, ^^ Illustrated and descriptive circulars will be forwarded upon application to FAIRBANKS & CO., 252 Broadway, New York. FAIRBANKS, BROWN & CO., 118 Milk St., Boston. FAIRBANKS, GREENLEAF & CO., 172 Lake St., Chicago. FAIRBANKS & EWING, Masonic Hall, Philadelphia. (See page 183.) THE ORIGINAL Travelers Insurance Company, OF HARTFORD, CONN., Makes all kinds of LIFE AND ACCIDENT INSDRANCE } either separately or combined, AT LOWEST RATES OF PREMIUM. Net Cash Assets, Jan. 1, 1867, $741,337.02. ACCIDENT DEPARTMENT. General Accident Policies written for any term from one month to one year, in suring against all forms of UODILY INJ UUiT 15Y ACCIDENT, whether fatal or non-fatal. These policies guaranty the payment of a fixed sum, from ff500 to SlOjOOO, in case of fatal accident ; or a stipulated sum per week, from $3 to ^ou as indemnity for loss of time by totally DiaxBLiNO injury by accident, at an annual cost of $5 to $20 per lj?l,000, according to occupation and degree of hazard. The TiiiVELEiis op IIaetford— the pioneer Accident Insurance Company of the country— had, up to June 1, 18G7, issued over Ninety-Five Thousand Policies, and paid upwards of Half a Million Dollars in losses, including more than six thousand five hundred losses for non-fatal injury, and eighty-one total losses (by death), in which the sum of $!i!i4,000 was realized for $1413 received in premiums, LIFE DEPARTMENT. The Travelers op IIaetford also insures agiiinst loss of life from ant cause, whether disease or accident, with Weekly Indemnity for totally disetbHng accident, at rates of premium lower tlian any other company. All approved forms of ordinary Life Policies written, whether Term, Annual Life, Ten Year Non-Korfeitable or Endowment Policies, either with or without indemnity for totally disabling bodily in- juries, as the applicant may prefer. Oldest Accident Insurance Co. in America. J. G. BATTERSON, Pres't. RODNEY DENNIS, Sec'y. Elizur Wright, Consulting Actuary. Chas. E. Wilson, Ass't Sec'y. (CT^Agencies In all principal towns and cities of the United States and Canadas. tJOUQlAS 1-ifeRARy queeN's UNlveRsiry AT kiNQSrON "resenfed by ANOiJYfvUJUS KiNQSTON ONTARIO CANA&A ) It I- h f' '^ f j) its^M '^ \ LHIlii III " J||"JM^^ iiV" s^ ^ r- s? P4. • h p I t ♦ t f -c i 1 \L f 1>. ># J" *> l^ _v. ^..^^ R- ^r^ 1- S v-3-"' 1... ■'•.'*• u t ^ ■V _ ■^■-/ ^1 *f/fjl> 5^ >•---* 6^ a. ^1 i ^ J- MAP OF THE CONNECTICUT VALLEY. V JL r-r-JB^-^-W—- w» BURT'S ILLUSTRATED GUIDE OF THE COHECTICUT YALLEI CONTAINING DESCIIIPTIONS OF ^ [OUNT HOLYOKE, MOUNT MANSFIELD, WHITE MOUNTAINS, LAKE MEMPIIREMAGOG, LAKE WILLOUGHBY, MONTREAL, QUEBEC, &c. By henry M. BURT. NORTHAMPTON; NEW ENGLAND PUBLISHING COMPANY. 1867. V w-. Ct'B ^ Entered according to Act of Congress, in the year 1867, by HENRY M. BURT, In the Olerk's office of the District Court of the United States, for the District of Massachusetts. CASE, LOCKWOOD A CO., PRINTERS AND BOOKBINDERS, HARTFORD, CONN. LOOKWOOB ft KANDETILU, Electrotypers, BABTroBP, oonv. A » i TnE EDITOE^S APOLOGY. In presenting this book to the public, it has been the nim of the Editor to awaken an increased interest in Now England's fairest and loveliest regions, and to assist the seeker after pleasure to obtain a more perfect knowledge of the grandeur anu beauty of Connecticut Valley scenery and that bordering on it. He has aimed to discard glittering generalities for solid substance, stopping by the way only long enough to point out the piquant condiments that each may flavor to his own taste. lie haa also endeavored to present briefly and tersely each object of interest from its own standpoint, so that the traveler, whether in pursuit of business or pleasure, can find something suited to his wants. Every town and mountain of. importance on the entire route, from the Ocean to the St. Lawrence, has been visited, and the statements made concerning them in this volume are from original and reliable sources, and not from hasty glances and antiquated gazetteers, as is too frequently the case with many of the guide books that have been published. In preparing the Guide the Editor has kept in view the wants of the public, and has bestowed commendation only upon such places and per- sons as he conscientiously believed to be worthy, avoiding in every in- stance that which might tend to vex and mislead. An occasional anecdote and reminiscence, many of them never before in print, have been culled from the Avay-side and are here presented, to enliven and relieve the monotony of description, as too much of a good thing is apt to weary the best of tastes. The Guide is at your service, Reader, and it is hoped you will find in it a hefp to your enjoyment of a tour through the Connecticut Valley, whore it is confidently believed you can find increased health and a pleasant life-long remembrance. 1C67426 CONTENTS Alburph Sulphur Springs, Allyn HouKc, Hartford, Amherst and its Colleges, Ane'jdote of Dr. Lathrop, Arsenal at Springfield, Aarutney Mountain, B." rnett. Barton, Barton Landing, . Battle of Bloody Brook, Bellows Falls, Berlin Junction, . Bernardston, Bethel, Bolton Falls, Bradford, Braintree, Brattlcboro, Brattleboro House, Bridgeport, Burlington, Camel's Hump, Capturt' of Mrs. Howe, Central Park, Charlestown, Chicopee, Claremont, Coventry, Dartmouth College, Dartmouth Student and the Chelsea Clerk Deerfield, Deerfield Bridge, Digging for Gold, East Rock, Easthampton, Elephant's Tusk, . 'Essex Junction, Fairbanks' Scales, Fairlee and Orford, First Blood of the Revolution, First Settlement in Vermont, Florence Sewing Machine Works, General Stark, Georgia, . Governor Fairbanks, Great Bend in the Connecticut, Great Iron Bridge at Warehouse Point, Great Ox-Bow at Newbury, Greenfield, Greenwich, Hadley, Hanging Hills, Hartford, . Page. Iti8 55 101 72 67 \3^ 188 18!) 107 131 45 115 141 149 177 141 118 121 32 151 149 116 25 135 75 135 190 171 174 i08 112 182 35 97 123 150 183 177 124 117 90 123 153 183 103 (>0 181 IIH 27 98 44 48 CONTENTS. Page. 108 65 101 72 67 Hartford Carpet Co. Hiirtlund, Hattield, Haverhill, Hazard Powder Works, . Heroism of Jolm Kilburn, Hif^h Hridge, Hif^li Gate Sulphur Springs, Holyoko, Inland House, Bellows Falls, Isl.inds in the Connecticut, Jay Peak, Jonesville, Lake Memphrcraagog, Lyndon, MansHeld House, . Mansion House, Northampton, Massasoit House, Springfield, MeDonough House, Mclndoe's Falls, Memphremagog, . Meriden, Middletown, Middlesex, Milford, Milton, Montpelier, Montreal, Moose Hillock, Mount Holyoke Female Seminary Mount Holyoke, Mount Kilburn, Mount Lamentation, Mount Mansfield, . Mount Monadnock, Mount Orford, Mount Tom, Mrs. Partington on the Cars, Newbury, . New Britain, New Haven, New Haven Hotel, New Rochelle, Northampton, Northfield, Mass., Nortlifiold, Vt., . North Thetford, . . Norwalk, . Norwich & Hanover, Norwich University, Old Put Riding Down the Rocks, Origin of the Silk Fever, Otta Quechee River, Ottawa, Canada West, Owl's Head, 83, Pag« (34 137 104 178 61 127 26 163 77 132 182 188 150 191-209 157 145 89 71 47 181 192 44 46 143 34 153 142 164 178 81 217—236 130 45 146 116 206 85 133 178 46 86 40 26 86 116 142 177 81 171 176 28 94 138 169 207 Vi CONTENTS. Passumpsic Rivor, PoinpuiiooHuc, • . . ! Portland Qiuirriof*, Prospect lloii.He, Mf. Ilolvokc, '. '. R(wi(l(.'uc(! of Dr. Holland, Richmond, • . . '. Round Hill, Northampton, Rouse's Point, ... * Koyalton, ...'.' Runaway Pond, .... Smith Charities, Northampton, . Sharon, South Decrfiold, . South Barton, . . '. ' South Koyalton, ... * South Vernon, . . . ." South Windsor, . . .* ] Springfield, • • ! ! Stamford, > . . . ] State Line, • . .' ' St. Albans, . ] St. Albana Raid, . St. Johnnbury, ... * St. Johnsbury Center, Sugar Loaf Mountain, . ] [ Sugar River Bridge, Summit of Green Momitains, ! ] Temple Street, New Haven, ] [ Thanksgiving postponed for want "of Molasso,^ Thetford, . , . _ ' To White Mountains, Lake Mcmpliremagoo- and Turner's Falls, . » o o Victoria Bridge, . Wallingford Community, Walpole, . Warehouse Point, Warner House, Northampton, Watcrbury, Welden House, St. Albans Wells River, West Burke, West Hartford, . West Randolph, . West Rock, Westminster, White River, White River Junction, Williston, Willoughby Lake, Windsop, . Windsor Locks, . Windsor, . Woodstock, Quebec, 187, 210- 17« 48 n 87 1(>3 Mo 188 y;5 140 lii7 188 I4i> 115 3(1 65 50 27 lf)5 ICO 18;] 186 104 136 141 37 180 176 1.71 114 166 42 125 63 90 144 1S8 181 187 140 141 34 124 139 138 15r> -216 56 68 136 140 N O 0) H W o w» o • >« o o «o «4 (M f 1- •■* r-* CI t- O •ojoq^inwja <>4 1—1 00 *^ n - in m o © CO r-( M i-< ec CO ■^ f •uojduiuiijjo^ c* i-- ec • c 00 00 • *- t-t S^ i-H rl 1-4 w o >o 8 •4 la 8 o in « •pioy3uudg 1-^ in o CO • 00 »-H ''»< a. (M •pjOJ^iBU • • 00 •«l< ">* 1-4 © a o» f-H (N !-• i-< r-t 1^ m i^\ lO o in O © m © ta i- o t- O •a o « •nOAT»II MO^ ox • (M in I-H CO 1-t 1— t i-i © 1-t C >o o in o © in »n •jjaoj^ MDx o t- c • o in © CO • fM Oi «o m CO l-H l-H © mojj .—1 ■? vi tf -5^ J, tS ■> i 3 O jj c o 1 •M a "d £ .2 w 1, ■ o 6 to o o M. A. M. White River Junction, . - - A 12.00 1.25 A. H. P.M. -ZiA Newport, Lake Mcmphremagog, 7.15 7.00 W St. Joluisbury, .... 9.18 9.00 o <-• " Cnuvfoiil House," - 4.30 12.30 " PioHlo House," .... 7.00 8.00 .a Littleton, 9.00 6.00 » Wells lliver, 10.13 10.00 ( All. 55 All. 34 A. U. White River Junction, - • < P H. L12.25 A. U. L 1.25 4.00 Windsor, 1.05 2.05 5.05 Bellows Falls, - - . . 2.25 3.32 7.50 Brattlehoro, 3.15 4.27 8.50 South Vernon, .... 3.45 4.46 9.23 % Greenfield, 4.14 6.15 9.59 Northampton, - - . - ( 6.08 6.54 A 6.30 10.54 A 11. 30 P. tf. 7.30 Springfield, . . . . i 6.00 L 7.00 M. L 12.00 8.20 Hartford, 6.50 8.10 p. u. 12.50 9.30 Now Haven, . - - - - 8.00 9.45 2.05 11. UO Bridgeport, .... 8.35 lU.22 p. M. 2.40 A. U. New York, 10.45 1 12.30 4.45 5.;m •tp J. C. Stevens, Agent at Profile House. 10 < fi ^i > A U3 ^coco obodi.-i^i'-i.* i^i- I- (c ;e te <« w ^ (A to uS o ■woidx^ (VJO'l 00 t- 1.- l-- 1- 1'* 1- 1'^ <0 (C •Hi|D0ds ■H«r.U(Ix;,I •nofi^P •ouiuiuJJV •BKoadxji uo)wou s 00 •i< ^ eoeo rowcoeo 'Hsajilx^ •noijup •oiuuioj'JV ■HWJflXJJ P.M. 7.20 7.14 U3 kO s P.M. 8.10 804 (O «c«ocoo>a>OiOu3iA 8 a3^ 1 9.07 8.35 00 m O -•I Eh CO § a; ti a ^^'t^'i/^'^'' |2 3=3|.?-3i|3??;| a a !^a' ■ft ^ .a ^ r. 5, 9 ^1 •aoawjsja r-nceiioaopiifsi 1-1 l-i 1-1 ?J e5 M SS M ?iy<-»» ^ Pi •0!»»X IPiK >3$ ^ o> H i-i-i-i-i'ioi-co od •wi.ij(It3i •nojiup •omuojjy M^9 ^«> to (b «b (b w t-- >ii?i{? ^???3S?S!=5q •cow 13 5S?SS2S^g8 ^ S tb ioi/s(Ci e-i e-i ci ci c-i i-t «!»- J9 •tioijnp -Oratnoddv J I- I- I- 1- I- Oj 06 06 00 CO ?8 SS5BS2?5io:i?S?8 8 06 00 00 oi A ui o> oi O) O O m O t-c H ■< H OQ 9 I 3 » 1 <£« 5 5 (S o ,» 3 a S i; o s a a S ■ooair)U)(i I rHw S;2SS:iSi:;gSS TO wti-<» CI ci 00 2? 00 8 00 S3 00 oo rH 00 00 « s . Xigh Expre Train pi'-' • 00 00 00 00 00 oa t^ I-l r-i i-( r-H 1-1 f3>S ^ *2 ^ s 1- s ».ao l- l» CO to P^ft<(jqBH Third Passu 'r Train. «:S ^ 13 a rH •§ •«J< rH CO rH CI 3 s 5 JS s P 0) 0) at 00 •0 00 00 00 Ch^ iH i-i r-l Train from, artford to pring. Hs •5 °? •^ 00 op «? as S ■o rH .rb lO rH r^ •1 "<*» 00 CM r-( ^ rH W i3 3! ^ s J3 § i s ^ <*< s 13 S ^ '■S J5 8 S fH e& rH iH rt l-« rl M ' •pau./kVdu p^o^ 13 a b • lie *^ ^ S ^ g § S a R 2? SaS S S •f ei-S *8 iS B.0O OOCOOOoOOJ'OoicioooOrM CO 8 CO •a a p e "S 2 E 'C ■» tJ 01 M SS 5 tt fer w t- 0«0 8) ^JS5gSSS?Sa^ c& {5 g g ri »-i N < H H H Q H P (B H x >?: H hi 60 a . a 3S) &4 *;3 S 0^00 CO 14 O l»5 TJt 8 I- I- l-^ l- eo Q r- CO to i/s o 55 05 5J ifl 1 d $ h "d bO P4 1 a 9! S ^ bO PM a;3 3 1- s? o 8 0.C4 04 I-< rH M r-t as S RoS'*eoeJrH©i35-^c^ rHl-ioOgOOOOJOJci •<«o to «0 tH 00 M N O ts to tp CI Ck si «8 5 £5 8 s ^ s ^ s 8 rH CO zs* cu<:o to t3 to I- I- l- l- l- I'. 00 00 oc w 1^ *s % s S^ S § 05 rH rH 8S ^ rH a I— I P^ O M Ph Ph P O H O O Q o 1—1 H P i-s H M a o H H OS o 9 «• 3 »< WW p. I 0 TOr-li— lO WCO i-( 1-1 (N ff4 M «i i-i ^F-i — c5 oo i-Hi-hH— tr-l rir-1t-lr-( r-l fH CO ?0 «j W U5 lO >0 ^■^Tji'^ ■^di Co c^ ^ i-i>S'reo<-AoJoia3c6o6a6co 94 O H H hi a 9 ^' "n ^-i O o •* i^ t- rH iH o b- eo w ■* o i-< 'M •* lO >-< i; lo p o e5 CO f»l f-iC^^'O"— leO uSprHOl '^'O i-^ I- t-i i-^ i-i 00 00 00 oJ oi oi OS oi I- PP © I •^ •^ I-I i-t 05 iH © ® (C «D »P p ubprHMW iCppS^lcib OJOOOOOrMi-ir— rH 88 8 eoooiO>o*ieO'»*'>«pp r-je!|o5'^Oi-o ift p t 19 RAILROAD CONXECTIOXS. At Wells Rivkr with White Mountuiu.s Railroad for Littleton, and Bos- ton, Concord and Montreal Railroad lor Concord; at Wuitk Rivkh Junc- tion with Northern Railroad lor Concord, Manchester, Nashua, Lowell Worcester, Boston; also with Vermont Central Railroad for Waterbury, Montpelier, Burlington, Saratoga, via Lake Chaniplain, Ogdensburgh and Montreal; also with Connecticut River Line for Bellows Falls, Saratoga,' via Rutland, Brattleboro, Springfield, Hartford, New Ilaven, New York, and southern cities ; also for New London Northern R, R., Amherst, Palmer, Willimantic, Norwich, New London and New York. STAGE CONNECTIONS. Stages leave Norwich for Hanover. Pompanoosuc for TJnion Villago and Strafford, Thetford for West Fairlee, Vershire and Chelsea. Brad- ford for Corinth, Topsham, Washington, Orange, Montpelier and Barre. Wells River for Groton. Barnet for Peachani, St. Johnsbury for Dan- ville, Walden, Ilardwick, Cabot, Montpelier, West Concord, Lunenburg, Guildh'til, Lancaster and Littleton. Lyndon for Wheelock, Sheffield and Island Poid. West Burke for Willoughby Lake. Barton for Glover and Craftsbury. Barton Landing for Irasburg. Newport for Troy, Derby for Deriiy Line, Stanstead, and eastern townships of Canada. IRON STEAMER ORFORD. Steamer Orford leaves Newport daily at V.SO A. M., connecting with coaches for Sherbrooke — Grand Trunk Railroad — arriving at Mon- treal or Quebec the same evening. Returning, loaves Magog at 2.00 P. M., arriving at Newport to connect with 7.00 P. M. train for New York, Boston, and Burlington. C^SMOKING CARS ON ALL TRAINS.,^ LuxnniotisLT furnished "Ladies Cars" run daily between Springfield and Lake MemphremaKOg. NO CHANGE OF CARS between Boston (Lowell Depot) and Lake Memphremagog, or Springfield and Lake Memphremagog. THROUGH TICKETS sold at all the principal railroad stations for Profile House, (Franconia iriountains,) Crawford House, ("White Mountains,) and Newport, (Lake Memphremagog.) Also at Profile IIocse and Crawford Hoisk for Bos- ton, New York, Saratoga, Montreal, Quebec, and intermediate stations. t^ASK FOR TICKETS VIA PASSUMPSIC RATLROA; ,^ A. H. PEKRY, Superintc xdent. TUB miM Wxk mi %tdAmt INSURES AGAINST LOSS OF LIFE FROM ANY CAUSE, With Wd^IiUj 0ump:a»8atian; fait BisabiUtij;^ CAUSED BY ACCIDENT. Cash Capital, $300,000. TH09. J. VAIL, Pres't. 0. 0. KIMBALL, Vice-Pres't. JAMES P. TAYLOR, Sec'y. NEW AND ADVANTAGEOUS FEATURES! LIFE AND ACCIDENT INSURANCE IN SEPARATE DEPARTMENTS, NON-FORf EITING llf E AND ENDOWMENT INSURANCE POLICIES ISSUED, on the most favorable terms ; with contracts for WEEKLY COMPENSATION, which may be renewed or discontinued without changing the Life Pohcy. D;^ Procure one of the Company's Circulars and see for yourself. I* GUIDE BOOK. INTRODUCTORY. The fertility and beauty of the Connecticut Valley have long been known to the favored few, and poets and artists have given the world glimpses of its salient points, but it was not until quite a recent period that its charming and matchless characteristics became known to the many. The extension of more rapid and comfortable modes of travel has opened the doors to this elysian field, and thousands come with the recur- ring period of foliage and flowers, to worship at the shruie of beauty found in lofty mountains, broad meadows and a majestic river. While the noble Connecticut is the Rhine of New Eng- land, the region of its source is the Switzerland of America, and year by year the pilgrims to this favored land journey thither in search of rest and inspiration. There is hardly a town, mountain, or lake, along the entire route, that is not of interest to the tourist, but those which have attrapted the most attention within the last few years, are New Haven, Hartford, Springfield, Northampton, Mt. Holyoke, Sugar Loaf Mountain, Greenfield, Brattleboro', Bellows Falls, White Mountains, Lake Willoughby, Lake Momphremagog, Quebec, Montreal, St. Albans, Burlington, and Mt. Mansfield. From New York to Springfield there is a double track rail- road, and the express trains stop only at Stamford, Norwalk, Bridgeport, New Haven, Meriden, Berlin Junction, and Hart- ford, running 136 miles in five hours. At Springfield the tourist will have 50 minutes for dinner. The Massasoit House 22 TUB CONNECTICUT VALLEY GUIDE. is situated within a hundred feet of the eastern end, (south side) of the depot. A porter is always in attendance to take your baggage to the hotel. In i)roceeding to the AVhite Mountains, lake Memphrema- gog, Quebec, Montreal, Mt. Mansfield, or intermediate points, you will take the cars of the Connecticut River Kailro.ul, in Springfield, on the north side of the depot. If you are unac- quainted with the route, you will do well to remember that the cars going either north or south, enter and leave the Springfield depot at its western end. Between Springfield and Lake Memphromagog there is no change of cars. An elegantly furnished ladies' car runs through both ways on the morning trains. Going north on the train | which leaves Springfit lu at 7.50 A. m., you stop about 20 minutes at Bellows Falls, where you can take dinner at the refreshment room, or wait until the arrival of the train at White River Junction at 1.15 r. m. At this place you have half an hour for dinner, either in going or returning from the White Mountains. Adjoining the refreshment room there is a dining hall, where you will find a neatly spread table and a good dinner. At Wells River, 40 miles from White River Junction, you change cars in going to the White IMountains. From there to Littleton the distance by the White Mountains Railroad is 20 miles. From Littleton you proceed by stage to Profile House, 12 miles, and to Crawford House, 22 miles. The tourist should bear in nrind that the Crawford House is in the White Mountains, and the Profile House in the Franc(3^ nia Mountains. If you call for a ticket for the White IVIoun-, tains, the agent will give you one to the Crawford House. You will find it to your advantage to purchase one to the Pro- file House, as this wnll save you 13 miles of staging the same day. If you leave White River Junction at 8.20 a. m., you reach the Profile House at 1, and the Crawford House at 4, r. M. If you leave at 1.45 p. m., (the morning train from INTRODUCTORY. 23 ige Is. is |C(X ise, 'O- le |ou 4, SprinpffieUl,) yon arrive at the Profile House at 6.30, and at Crawford House at 9.30. At Lake Memphrcmagog, 105 miles from White River Junc- tion and 229 from Springfield, the cars stop at the door of the IMcmphremagog House, on the shore of the lake. Leaving Springfield at 7.45, a. m., you arrive there at G.30, p. m. The next morning you can leave with Capt. Fogg on the steamer Mountain Maid, for a trip through the lake, which is 30 miles in length. You can stop at the Mountain House, 12 miles from the Memphremagog House, and ascend Owl's Head, which is nearly 3,000 feet above the lake, or proceed to Magog, at the outlet. From Magog you can stage it 16 miles to the Grand Trunk Railway, at Sherbrook, and proceed thence to Quebec or IMontrcal. While the route from New York to the Wliite Mountains and Quebec, through the Connecticut Valley, is flir the most in- teresting, it is seventy miles shorter than any other. In leaving New York, the tourist, if he prefers, ran take ♦ho night boat to New Haven, ?pend a few hours the next morning in the city, and then proceed north. In going to Mount Mansfield, you proceed to Watcrbnry, on the Vermont Central Railroad, where you take the stage for Stowe, 10 miles further north. At Stowe there is. a first class hotel, capable of holding 300 guests. This is 8 miles from the summit, where there is another hotel, which will accommodate about 100 persons. Coaches run from Stowe to the Half-way House, 3 miles from the Summit House. The remainder of the distance is accomplished on horse back. Li going to Montreal, business men, especially, will find the route through the Connecticut Valley a desirable one. Tiie train leaves New York at 12.15, p. m., arriving at Springfield at 6 o'clock. Here you have half an hour for supper. From Springfield to St. Albans, sleeping cars are run on all night trains, going through without change. You take breakfast at t4 THE CONNECTICUT VALLEY GUIDE. St. Albans at 6, a. m., and arrive at Montroal at 9.30, a. m. lieturning, you leave Montreal at 3.30, v. m., take supper at St. Albana, breakfast at Springfield, and dinner in New York, making this a pleasant and expeditious route between Canada and New York. Having given tliis brief summary of the facilities for a tour through the heart of New England, a land not only overflowing with goodness and beauty, but rich in historical incident, the care-worn toiler is invited to green fields and shady nooks, where he will not only find rest, but leascms in the stones and ruiuung brooks. THE ROUTE. The ride over the Now York and New Haven Railroad, a distance of 74 miles, is one of the most agreeable that can bo taken by rail. Elegant private residences crown the hill-top3 on every hand, evidences of wealth and refinement, while the views of the Sound at various points, dotted with the sails of busy ooinnKirce, and of the shores of Long Island in the distance, give pleasing variety to the scene. Many places along the route are of iiistoric interest, where were enacted in the Revolution deeds tliat will be ever memorable. These villages have been built, or greatly improved, by persons doing business in New York, who have sought liomes in (luict and rural places near the great city. The beautiful groves and lawns that are passed are in refresh- ing contrast with the paved and dirty streets just left behind. Leaving the station at 27th Street, which is reached from the Asfor House by horse car? and the public carriages, the train, drawn by horses, passes through the tunnel, and thence to' 42d Street, where the engine is attaclied. CENTRAL PARK. As you proceed northward the eastern boundary of Central Park will be iioticed on the left, a ((uartcr of a mile from the railroad. It embraces nearly a thousand acres and in time will be one of the best parks in the world. Its lawns, walks, drives, lakes and fountains make it very attraciive. At four o'clock every Saturday afternoon during the summer public concerts are given at the expense of the city, free to all, and thousands are attracted thitlier to listen to the 2 26 THE CONNECTICUT VALLEY GUIDE. music and stroll about the Park. Xn autumn, after the return of city tourists from the cmmtry the gathering is immense, and the display of elegant carriages and spirited horses has no equal at any other tune or place in this country. HIGH BRIDGE. Five miles north of 42d Street is Harlem, once a suburban villi'.ge, but now part of tlie Great Metropolis. Before crossing Harlem River,the northern limits of Manhattan Island, the west- ern end of High Bridge is visible. This is one of the greatest triumphs ever made in the art of bridge building. It was built across Harlem River for the purpose of conveying the water flowing into Croton Aqueduct, to the receiving reservoir in New York. It is 1450 feet in length, 114 feet above tide and was built of cut stone. It has fifteen arches, eight of which are 80 feet span, and the whole cost of the bridge exceeded a million of dollars. A little steamer makes hourly trips during the summer from Harlem to the bridge, affording an excellent opportunity for strangers to visit it. Crossing Harlem River the villages of Morrissania, Mott Haven, Mount Vernon and Fordham arc i)assed before reach- ing Williams' Bridge, where the Harlem Railroad branches to the left and pursues a northerly route through the country, par- allel with the Hudson River. i NEW ROCHELLE, Nearly eighteen miles from New York, was "settled by Huguenots iVom Rochelle, in France. Fo" several years it was the residence of Thomas Paine, who died in 1809. He was buried here upon what was formerly a part of his own estate. The monument erected to his memory, bears the following inscrip- tion, in accordance with his own request: "Thomas Paine, author of Common Sense, died Jime 8, 1809, aged 72 years." Paine was the son of an English Quaker, and coming to this THE STATE LINE. 27 eturn of and the qual at lUburban crossing the west- greatest was built he water ir in New was built feet span, f dollars, jner from unity for ma, Mott reach- [inches to ntry, par- ittled by ars it was He was n estate. ig inscrip- Paine, lycars." ig to this country in 1774«he settled in Philadelphia. In 177G he wrote a pamphlet entitled Common Sense, in which he urged the sep- aration of the colonies from the mother country. It met with universal favor and more than any one thing, brought the peo- ple to the point of resisting British tyranny. The pamphlet won him the friendship of Washington, Frankhn, Dr. Rush and other distinguished American leaders, and Congress acknowl- edged his services by appointing him Secretary to the Commit- tee on Foreign Affairs. He was the author of the often quoted line, " These are the times that try men's souls," which appeared in the Crisis, another Revolutionary pamphlet published by him. In 1787 he visited France, went from there to England, and returned to the United States in 1802, settling in New York. Tiie Quakers refusing him a place of interment in their gi*ounds, which favor he requested before his death, he was buried on his farm in New Rochelle. William Cobbett, the English reformer, who visited this country and wrote a biogra- phy of Paine, disinterred his remains and took them to England. Tlic monument erected to his memory, stands within a few feet of where he was first buried. '■ THE STATE LINE. The stations of Mamaroneck, Rye and Port Chester, are A passed before reaching the boundary line between New York ^ and Connecticut. The latter place is situated at the mouth of Bryam River where the tourist after crossing it enters the Nutmeg State. GIIEENWICH. THE SCENE OF GEN. PUTNAM's DARING EX- I PLOIT. Soon after passing Port Chester, and 31 miles from New M York, will be seen the village of Greenwich, situated on a hill, I about a mile north of the railroad. It contains some elegant t residences and two large churches, Congregational and Episco- 28 THE CONNECTICUT V.VLLEY GUIDE. pal, built of stone. The Congregational churcR stands in a con- spicuous place and its spire can be seen for several miles on either side of the village. The Episcopal church stands almost on the brow of the hill further to the east. The view of the Sound and Long Island from the village is extensive and pictur- esque. OLD PUT RIDING DOWN THE ROCKS. This place was made famous by one of those daring exploits of Gen. Israel Putnam in the Revolution, which so distinguished him for bravery. Putnam was stationed here with 150 men and two cannon, which were without drag ropes or horses, to check the advance of the British, under Tryon, who was making nn incursion into Connecticut with laOO men. Tryon sent a party of dragoons, 'supported by infantry, to charge up the hill and dislodge Putnam's little band. A spirited fn-ing was kept up until Putnam, seeing it would be useless to make further resist- ance, ordered his men to retreat into the swamp on the east beyond the reach of the cavalry. He kept his position until his men were safely away, and then, just as the British troopers were riding down upon him from the west, sure of their coveted prize, Putnam ])ut spurs to his fleet horse and rode at break -neck speed to the east, down the stone steps that had been con- structed for the use of the people who ascended the hill to attend church. When the British came to the spot Putnam had just left, their horses stopi>ed with fright and tlrc intrepid hero made good his escape. A volley was fired at him and one bullet passed through his hat. The General, still unharmed, kept on to Stamford where he raised a larger force and returned and fell u[)on Tryon's rear, then on retreat, and captured 38 prisoners and considerable anmnitfon. The next day he made an ex- change of pi'isonei-s wifii Tryon, who sent him a new suit of clothes, including a hat, to tnke the place of the one that had been pierced with bullets, a compliment for his bravery and hu- OLD PUT RIDING DOWN THE liOCKS. 29 n a con* liles on s almost of the cl pictur- exploits ngui;^hcd [50 men orses, to ,s making a sent a , the hill . was kept her resist- the east tion until h troopers 'ir coveted )reak-neck been con- 11 to attend had just hero made diet passed opt on to 1 and fell prisoners ide an ex- lew suit of that had •ry and hu- mm '■" '■ manity. A man who stood near Putnam, says the historian, when he made the fearful plunge down the rocks, said he was " cursing the British terribly." The hill at this plac(i is a hundred feet high and quite steep. A public road has been cut through the rocks just north o'' where this daring exploit occurred, leading to Coscob. A little way east of the 80 THE CONNECTICUT VALLEY GUIDE. Greenwich depot the railroad passes through the same ledge and the locahty can be seen from the cars. A few rods east of the Episcopal church, on the brow of the hill will be noticed a large, square white house. This stands about ten rods north of where the stone stops were located. They have been removed but the place still bears the name of " Put's Hill." Soon after leaving Greenwich the road crosses Mianus River upon a draw bridge, forty feet above the water, where the trains stop in compliance with a la\\ of the State. The village of Coscob will be noticed a mile north of the railroad. l: STAMFORD. Distance from New York, 35 miles ; Montreal, 411 ; White Mountains, 297; Lake Memphremagog, 330 ; Quebec, 503. « Crossing Stamford River the express trains make their first stop out of New York, at the beautiful town of Stamford, one of the neatest on the whole line. This place is noted for its wide and shady streets, elegant private residences and great wealth. Over 150 people live here who do business in New York, going and returning by railroad. In summer from 1,000 t6 1,500 New York people come here to spend the warm season. There are four public parks in the town, and the drives over the sum- illits north and east of the village, from which an extensive view is had, are unsurpassed. There are eight churches in the town —one Congregational, Presbyterian, two Episcopal, Baptist, Universalist, Methodist, and one Catholic. Considerable busi- ness is done in manufacturing woolen goods, Olmstead's patent oiler, friction pulleys, well curbs, extracts of logwood, machinery, &C. There are three boarding schools for young ladies, and four for boys in the town. Among the residents are Brown Brothers, brokers in New York, Iloyt Brothers, leather mer- chants in New York, Thomas G. Rich, lawyer in New York, James H. Iloyt, Superintendent of the New York and New Haven Railroad, Geo. A. Iloyt, Treasurer Pennsylvania Coal Company, Rev. E. B. Huntington, author of the Huntington Me- I 1 'iB NORW\LK. 81 e ledge east of jticed a north of removed us River lere the 3 village ntains, 297; « heir first rd, one of its wide t wealth. prk, going t6 1,500 There the sum- isive view the town Baptist, able busi- d's patent nachinery, idies, and re Brown ther mer- esv York, and New t'ania Coal ington Me- morial, and History of Stamford, and Capt. Wm. Skiddy, an extensive ship builder. The population of the town is 8,000 and that of the village about 4,000. || The next way station is Darien, a small and quiet village, situated upon a stream that falls into the Sound. NORWALK. Distance from New York, 43 miles; Montreal, 403: White Mountains, 289; Lake Mcmphreuiagog, 322; Quebec, 495. ilP Norwalk, the second stopping place for express trains leaving New York, and eight miles from Stamford, is celebrated for its oysters and hats. Some three to five hundred hands are em- j)loyed in the oyster business and it is estimated that nearly $500,000 annually are received for the sale of oysters that are sent to other parts of the country. There is no other town on the Sound so extensively engaged in this business. Fair Haven standing next. The manufacture of hats is quite extensive and a large number of hands are employed. The straw hat factory emj)loys about 2000, but not all of them reside in the town. The shirt factory, employing 400 hands, is the next most ex- tensive manufacturing establishment. The village at the depot is known as South Norw.ilk, and has been built since the completion of the railroad ; the old village, or Norwalk proper, is located about ". mile and a half north of the railroad and is connected with the south village by a horse railroad built by LeGrand Lockwood, a wealthy broker doing business in New York but residing in Norwalk, of which town he is a native. Mr. ?; Lockwood is building a magnificent residence of stone be- tween the two villages, which can be seen from the cars. The streets are wide and the large shade trees and elegant residences give the appearance of neatness and comfort. There are nine churches in the two villages. The hills on the west, north and east, afford excellent sites for dwellings, and on many of them are extensive and costly edifices. Norwalk was almost totally destroyed by the British and Tories, who burnt it July 11th 82 THE CONNECTICUT VALLEY GUIDE. 1779. The loss, estimated by a committee appointed by (he General Assembly, exceeded $11 G,000. The population of the town is upward of 8,000. The Danbury and Norwalk Kailioad extends from the south village to Danbury, a distance of 24 miles. Leaving Norwalk the railroad crosses the draw bridge forty feet above the water, where that sad disaster occurred to the express train, which run into the open draw, several years since, killing a large number of passengers. Great precaution has since been taken to prevent a repetition of such accidents. Before reaching the next station for express trains, the beau- tiful towns of Westport, Southport and Fairfield are passed. North of Southport station is the Pequot swamp, where that once great and powerful tribe of Indians, in 1G37, made their last stand against Connecticut and Massachusetts troops. Fair- field, was burnt July 7, 1779 by Gov. Tryon, who sailed the previous day from New Haven. This was one of the most de- structive conflagrations occasioned by the British, during the Revolution. Two hundred houses were burnt just at night, by ihe order of Tryon. A thunder storm overspread the heavens soon after the village was set on fire, and the whole scene was oneof terrible grandeur. BRIDGEPORT. Distance from New York, 59 miles; Montreal, 387; White Mountains, 273; Lake Memphremagog, 306; Quebec, 479. Bridgeport, the third town at which express trains stop, and 14 miles from Norwalk, is a thriving city of 17,000 inhabitants. At the close of the Revolution there were less than a dozen houses where the city now stands. A horse railroad has been built from Division Street to Pembroke Lake, east of "Wheeler & Wilson's sewing machine factory. An extensive business is done in manufacturing by Wheeler & Wilson and the Howe Sewing Machine Companies, the New Haven Arms Company, and by Hotchkiss & Sons, the latter manufacturers of hardware, &c. BRIDGEPORT. 33 by tlie n of the Railroad 3 of 24 bridge urrcd to ral years •ecaution iccidtnts. le bcau- passc'd. lere that ide their 3. Fair- ailed the most de- ring the at night, •ead the le whole itains, 273; stop, and habitants, a dozen has been Vheeler & ess is done e Sewing jy, and by ware, &c. There are 15 churches in the city. The South church, which was built in 18G1, will seat 1,000 persons, and its spire is 209 feet high. Washington Park in East Bridgeport, contains several acres and has a grove of native trees. Sea Side Park, situated on the beach south of the city, which has just been laid out at a cost of $20,000 and containing IG acres of land, will be one of the finest pleasure resorts in the country. The beach is claimed to be the finest on the Sound and ample accommodations for bathing have been fitted up. Elias Howe, the inventor of Howe's sewing machine, and the sewing machine needle, purchased P. T. Barnum's grounds at Iranistan, after his dwelling burnt, several years since, and is about to build a magnificent residence. Mr. Barnum's home- stead, Lindencroft, is situated a short distance west of Bridge- port, in the town of Fairfield. Clia*. S. Stratton, better known as Gen. Tom Thumb, was born in Bridgeport Jan. 4, 1832. He weighed nine pounds at birth, and continued to grow until seven months old, when, from some unexplained cause, he ceased to increase in size and weight. His hight is 28 inches. In 1844 he visited P^urope and has had the honor of appearing before nearly all the crowned heads of the old world. In 18G3 he was married to Miss Lavinia Warren, a dwarf of about his own stature. The parents of the General have had two other children who have reached the usual hight. ^^ • " •' The Naugatuck Railroad extending to Winsted, G2 miles, and the Housatonic, extending to Pittsfield, 110 miles, intersect the New York and New Haven Railroad, the former at this place, and the latter at Naugatuck Junction, east of Housatonic River. The trains on this road run into Bridgeport. Stratford, about four miles from Bridgeport, is a pleasant, rural village. The principal street, about one mile in length, i-^ ornamented with line shade trees. Gen. Wooster, killed at Ridgefield in the Revolution, was a native of this town. If di THE CONNECTICUT VALLEY GUIDE. MILFORD. SOLDIEUS' MONUMENT. Mllford, 05 miles from New York and 8 from Bridgeport, is a quiet but beautiful town. It contains some elegant private resi- dences, and the large elms which line the principal streets give the place a pleasant and ancient appearance. In Jan. 1777 two hundred American soldiers in a sick and dying condition, were brought from a British j)rison ship at New York, and suddenly cast on shore near this place. They were cared for by the inhabitants of the village, but in less than a month 46 of them died and were buried in one common grave. NTpir the railroad, in the old cemetery, east of the depot, a freestone monument, 30 feet high, has been erected to their memovy. It can be seen from the cars, north of the track. r ■ i WEST ROCK. THE JUDGES* CAVE. As the traveler approaches New Haven from New York, he will notice West Rock, to the north, which is from three to four hundred feet high. The village of Westville is situated at its base and the church spires are seen from the cars. This is ol a| it fj EAST ROCK. sc ort, is a itc resi- 3ts give (77 two >n, were ;nly cast labitants ' lied and [, in the 30 feet sen from }V York, he irec to four lated at its s. This is little more than two miles from the city of Now Haven. On the summit of West Rock is the celebrated Judges' Cave, where the regicides, Ooffe and Whalley, two of the judges who con- demned King Charles T, concealed themselves ^Yhen pursued by the King's officers. It is not a cave, strictly speaking, but an aperture in the rocks, which afforded shelter to the nigicides. Ui)on the rocks are engraved these words, " Opposition to tyrants is obedience to God." Goffe and Whalley, previous to their coneealmcmt on West Rock, resided in New Haven, but their arrest being ordered, they were obliged to flee from the city. EAST ROCK. East Rock, two miles east of West Rock, and a mile north east of New Haven, is frequently visited. It is about the same hight as West Rock and the view of New Haven and the Sound from its summit is grand and beautiful. A better view of East Rock from the cars is had after the train leaves New Haven for Hai't ford and Springfield, a short distance out of the city. ■ I 36 THE CONNECTICUT VALLEY GUIDE. NEW HAVEN. Distance from New York, 74 miles; Montrcnl, 372; White Mountains, 2.J8; Lake Menij)iii(!n]ii«og, 21)1; Qucbee, 401. On ftpproaching New IliivcMi tht) tourist will observe the church spires on the Public Scjuare, the City Hall and other public builrlings on the left. To the rits on the west and east, contains 16 acres. Temple Street extends through it from north to south, and the elms are so large that a complete arch is formed in the center. In this Square on the west side of Temple Street are Trinity, Center and North churches. Farther west is the State House, built in the Grecian Doric style. TImb basement is cased witli Sing Sing marble and the walls above are stuccoed. The Legislature holds sessions here in the even years. Its } T SB 38 TIIK CONNKCTICUT VALLEY GUIDE. ■I tllli' 'if J iliiiii other sessions arc held at Hartford, where nil of the State archives are kept. Yale College, fronting this square ^n the west and occupying fourteen buildings, iu one of the leading, if not the best, educa- tional institutions in this country. It was founded in 1700, and in 1702 it held its first commencement at Say brook. It was removed to New Haven in 1716, and received its name from Elihu Yale, one of its most liberal patrons, who was born in New Haven, and afterwards emigrating to the East Indies* became Governor of Fort George. Alumni Hall, built of Port- land freestone, at a cost of $27,000, is a fine structure. The first floor is occupied by. meeting* of graduates and around this room are hung portraits of distinguished men, educated in the College, and others who have contributed to its endowment. The upper story is used by the two College societies. But the most magnificent building connected with the College is the one built by Mr. Augustus R. Street of New Haven, at a cost of not less than $150,000, which is to be used as a depository and school of fine arts. The historical paintings of the great battles in the Revolution, by Col. John Trumbull, son of the Governor of Connecticut during the war for Independence and an aid to Gen. Washington, which for many years have been kept in Trumbull Gallery, are to be removed to this building. These are the original paintings, and copies of them are now in the rotunda of the National Capitol. Trumbull Gallery was erect- ed over the spot where Col. Trumbull was buried. V Of the public buildings of which New Haven may feel proud is the City Hall, situated on Church Street, fronting the Square on the east. It was completed in 1862, at a cost of $100,000. Henry Austin of New Haven was its architect, and the contract- ors for building it were Perkins & Chatfield of the same city. The building is of the Continental Gothic style, 91 feet front by 137 feet deepi It was built of Portland and Nova Scotia stone, laid alternately in courses. The tower is built of stone, 84 feet from the ground, surmounted by a spire 66 feet, making the NEW IIAVEX. 89 wliolr liiany, of which Brig. Gen. Franklin is new President. Eniploynient is given to eight hundred hands; The front buililing was bumt in 18G4, but it was rebuilt in 180G. The establishment is situated in the south-east part of the city, near the Connecticut, and is inclosed by a dyke, fifty feet broad at the top and 8,G98 feet in length. It incloses 23 acres of land, and cost over $80,000. Col. Colt assumed the res])onsibility and built the dyke at liis own expense, but the city afterward i)aid part of the cost. Few men had so determined a purpose, and were so hard to be swerved from their line of policy as Col. CoK. Starting as a j)oor boy, he worked his way to fame and wealth, and when he died he left an immense fortune to his wife and young son. His dwelling, grounds and extensive green house on Wethers- field Avenue, Avhich overlook the Armory, built by himself, surpass anything in the city. Within the dyke enclosure is a colony of Swiss, brought to this country by Col. Colt to manu- facture willow ware, the material for which is grown along the dyke. Of the public institutions may be mentioned the Wadsworth Athenieum, Trinity College, The Connecticut Theological In- stitute, Deaf and Dumb Asylum, Retreat for the Insane and Hartford Hospital. The Athenaeum, was erected by contribu- tions from citizens of Hartford, at a cost of $52,000. It was constructed of granite and is 80 by 100 feet In this building HARTFORD. 53 ftre tlio Connecticut Historical Room?, Young Men's Institute, uud the Watkinson Library. Also rooms cUnoted to imintiupja and statu."..". The Watkinson Library is oiu; of rclirencc and no book can be taken from it <'xc<|)t on tiic! written couHcnt of the trustees. It was founded by David Watkinson, who died Dec. IS, lHr)7, aged 80 years, h-avin;; $10(1,000 for the pur- pose of establish inj^f the library. Kare wcuks were purchased in Europe, and the library was first opened to the j)ublic in the early part of 18GG. The Young Men's Institute contains 13,000 volumes which can be taken from the rooms. The Statuary Room on the first floor contains the nuirbles and casts made by Edward S. Bartholomew, a native of Hartford, who died abroad in 18i>8, aged 3G years, after having gained an enviable reputation as a sculptor. The Picture Gallery con- tains about 150 elegant paintings, includin*^ Trumbull's famous battle pieces, illustrating scenes in the Revolution. An admis- sion fee is charged to the Statuary Room and Picture Gallery. The Historical Rooms are open each day, free to the j)ublic and the janitor m attendance will point out to the visitor the more rare and curious specimens of antiquity. The Deaf and Dumb Asylum, located on Asylum Street, west of the depot is the oldest institution of its kind in this country, bavin^ been incor- porated in 1816. The late Rev. T. IL Gallaudet, LL.D. vis- ited Europe for the purpose of ascertaining the best method of imparting instruction to the deaf and dumb, and brought with him on his return M. Laurent Clerc, a deaf mute who had been a successful teacher in Paris, and who acted as an assistant to Mr. Gallaudet. It was opened with seven deaf mutes as pupils, and the number has since been increased to 275. The main building was erected in 1820 and is 130 by 50 feet, four stories high. The Retreat for the Insane was opened in 1824. It is situated in the southern part of the city, on Washington Street, on a gentle elevation commanding an extensive view of the city, the river and the valley beyond. The grounds con- 54 TUB CONNECTICUT YXLijU^V GUIDE. IIIMiji. :A ; I: tain 17 acres and are tiistefully ornamented with walks and shade trees. During the 40 years of its existence there have been admitted to it some 4,000 patients, more than half of whom were discharged as cured. Tlie average number of patients is about 150. Tho Hartford Hospital was dedicated in 1859. The main building is 72 by 48 i'eet, three stories high, with a wing 113 by 30 feet. It is built of Portland stone, and cost, including grounds, over $48,000. Any person paying $1,000 at one time will be entitled to a free bed. There are 24 churches in the city — seven Congregational, four Episcopal, three Methodist, two Presbyterian, two Baptist, two Catholics, and one each of Unitarian and Universalist, Second Advents and Tsraehte. The Hartford aifd Wethcrsfield Horse Railroad Company's tracks extend from Spring Grove Cemetery through Main Street, to Wethcrsfield, a distance of seven miles, and from the Connecticut River west two miles, through State and Asylum Streets. Hartford has a paid fire department with four steam fire engines. It is a significant fact that since the paid system went into operation there has not been as many fires as formerly. The city is supplied with water from the Connecticut River, the reservoir being located on Garden Street, west of the depot. "Within ten years the daily consumption of water has increased from less than half a million gallons to about two millions. Owing to the great increased demand the commissioners are procuring a supply from Trout Brook, five miles west of the city. Th'e fall from Trout Brook to foot of State Street is 210 feet. Of the persons who have gained distinction in various pur- suits, who reside in Hartford, may be mentioned Mrs. Harriet Beecher Stowe, Prof. Stowe, Rev. Dr. Bushnell, Rev. Dr. Hawes, Rev. Dr. Burton, Hon. Cideon Welles, U. S. Senator James Dixon, Hon. Isaac Toucey, Ex-Gov. Thos. H. Seymour, Hon. Henry C. Demming, Brevet Major Gen. Joseph R. HARTFORD. 55 Hawley, now Governor of the State, and Rose Terry, contribu- tor to the periodical hterature of the country. Gail H?\milton was formerly a teacher in the public schools in this city. Mrs. Sigouniey, whose death occurred in 18G5, resided for many years in the dwelling on the south side of Asylum Street, and next to the railroad. It will be observed a few rods south of the depot. It is now owned by Hon. Julius Cathn. She resided several years before her death in a cottage on High Street. Mrs. Harriet Beecher Stowe resides on Sigourney Street in the west part of the city. The repair shops of the New Haven, Hartford and Spring- field Railroad, are located at this place, a short distance south of the depot. The passenger depot, occupied jointly by the >«'ew Haven, Hartford and Springfield and the Providence, Hartford and Fishkill Railroads at this place is one of the finest in the country. It was built of Portland freestone, and is a large and substantial building. THE ALLYN HOUSE. Hartford has several hotels, the largest and most elegant of which is the Allyn House, situated at the corner of Asylum and r ■" 56 THE CONNECTICUT VALLEY GUIDE. Trumbull Streets. It wps erected in 1857 at a cost of $125,- 000. It is four stories higii, with a front of 155 feet on Asylum Street, and 105 on Trumbull. The front is built of Portland stone and altogether is not surpassed by any hotel in New Eng- land. The first floor of the building is occupied by stores, and the remainder is used for hotel purposes. There are accommo- dations for nearly 300 guests. Everything connected with it is neatly and conveniently arranged, and no pains have been spared to make this a first class hotel in eveiy respect. The proprietor, Mr. R. J. Allyn, is courteous and obhging, and makes the stranger at once ^el at home. Adjoining the Allyn House, on the west, and connected with it by a private entrance, is Allyn Hall, one of the largest and finest in Connecticut. It will seat 1,500 people. The streets of the city are McAdamized, and the drives through and about it are unsurpasst Among them may be mentioned, — to Tumble Down Brook, eight miles west by Al- bany road ; to Talcott Mountain, nine miles west ; to West Hartford, three and a half miles ; to Wethersfiold, four miles ; to Glastenbury, four miles ; over Newington Mountain, three and one half miles ; to Prospect Hill ; to Bloomfield, and last to Sliipman's at Rocky Hill, some seven miles, which by city people is considered an " institution." "WINDSOR. The first English settlement in Connecticut was made at "Windsor in 1633. William Holmes and others erected a house on the Farmington River near its mouth, and the land in its vicinity is still known as Plymouth Meadow. The Dutch Gov- ernor at New York sent a force to assault the house erected by Holmes and drive the English away, but it was so well for- tified that the expedition returned without doing it, after making friends with the English. Roger AVolcott, Governor of Connecticut from 1751 to 1754, and Oliver Ellsworth, Senator SOUTH WINDSOR. 57 and Chief Justice of the United States, were bom in this town. Windsor is a pleasant country village, but is not a place of much business. SOUTH WINDSOR. South Windsor, situated on the east side of the Connecticut, and six miles north of Hartford, is ^distinguished as being the birthplace of Jonathan Edwards, the great American divine, John Fitch, the inventor of the steamboat, and Oliver Wolcott, one of the signers of the Declaration of Independence, and Governor of Connecticut in 1796. During the Revolution- ary war many prisoners were sent here for safe keeping, and among them were William Franklin, the royal governor of New Jersey, and son of Dr Franklin, Gen. Hamilton and Gen. Pres- cott. Gov Franklin was quartered at the house of Lieut. Dig- gin, about a mile south of the Congregational church, where with his servants, he lived in princely style. He was extremely fond of sour punch, and in a bower situated in a retired spot, back of the sti^et near Podunk Brook, he prepared and served his favorite beverage to the French visitors, who styled it " one grand contradiction." South Windsor was the headquarters of Gen. LaFayette, in 1788, after the project of invading Can- ada had been abandoned, and he remained at the house of INIr. Porter during his stay in town, about three-quarters of a mile south of the Congregational church, which was provided for defense by port-holes for muskets. Many of the elm trees now standing were set out by the British and Hessian prisoners at the suggestion of Gen. LaFayette, who held one end of the line while Mr. Porter held the other. The trees ^wore planted in r©ws parallel with the street. While LaFayette resided here he was visited by Washington and in order to do honor to the occasion he requested Lieut. King to appear with a company of mounted men. Forty-two men were mustered, equipped somewhat ludicrously with sheep skiijs for saddles and canes for 3* 58 THE CONNECTICUT VALLEY GUIDE. flwords, and LaFayette introduced them as follows: "Gen. Washington, I presume you are acquainted with this troop." The General replied, " I do not remember that I ever before had the honor of seeing them." Much to Washington's amuse- ment, LaFayette expressed his surprise, remarking, that they had seen much service and were known as the " Old Testament Guard." THE STONE BRIDGE, NEAR WINDSOR. North of Windsor station the railroad company are building across Farmington Jliver a substantial stone bridge, 450 feet in length, with seven arches, at a cost of $40,000. WINDSOR LOCKS. A few miles further north, on the banks of the Connecticut is tLe manufacturing village of Windsor Locks. The water power is furnished from a canal on the west side of the river, five miles in length, that was built many years ago around Enfield Falls, for the purpose of improving the navigation of the Con- necticut. Sloops and small steamboats laden with merchandise going to towns higher up the Connecticut, used to pass through the canal and thence around the rapids in the river. Since the construction of the railroad this canal has become of no use so far as its original purpose is concerned, but the ingenuity of man has seized upon it and compelled it to contribute to his material wants. Here are located the Seymour Paper Company, manufac- turers of Printing and Envelope paper; J. Francis & Co.'s Rolling Mills ; the Foundry of H. A. Converse, the Spool Cot- ton manufactory of L. M. Pinkham, the Chuck mills of Horton & Son Jid the Manilla paper mill of C. H. Dexter. 'Gen. troop." before feet in B M W O '^ 6) » O w H n o o 'A "A W o H M O r! 'l',|vi !.,rv;|1 f ^^^ 60 THE CONNECTICUT VALLEY GUIDE. THE GREAT IRON BRIDGE ACROSS THE CONNECTICUT AT WAREHOUSE POINT. Passing "Windsor Locks you come to one of the finest bridges in this country — the great Iron Truss Bridge across the Con- necticut at Warehouse Point, midway between Hartford and Springfield. It is 1,525 feet long, weighs including track and floor beams upon which the track rests, about 800 tons, and cost $265,000. The chief engineer of this noble structure was Mr. James Laurie, a Scotchman by birth, who, for several years was President of the board of Civil Engineers in this country, and for a time at the head of the Government engineers in Nova Scotia. He was assisted by Theo. G. EHis, Engineer of the Hartford Dyke. The plans were made in 1862 and sub- mitted to a Philadelphia firm, but owing to the great demands upon American iron workers, for Government work, for war purposes, it could not be built in this country as soon as required. After some delay it was decided to have the bridge built in England, and in January, 1864, Mr. Laurie sailed lor Europe to give out the contracts. On arriving in England he proceeded to Manchester where he contracted with William Fairbairn & Sons, they agreeing to make the iron for the bridge by the first of December. Subsequently it appearing that they would not be able to finish the work as soon as specified, part of it was given to the London Engineering and Iron Ship Building Company. In about a year the bridge was shipped from Liverpool and London, and in June, 1865, work upon its erection was begun. About one hundred workmen, many of whom came specially from England, were employed and in Feb. 1866 it was completed. There are seventeen spans in the bridge, the longest of which, the channel span, in the center of the river, is 177^ faet. Eight of the other spans are 88^ feet each, another is 140 feet, anothtn* 76| feet, another 43 feet and another 25^ feet, making the exact total length of the bridge 1,524^ feet. GREAT IRON BRIDGE. ei •idges Con- l and k and id cost IS Mr. years )untry, ers in leer of d sub- emands for war ;oon as I bridge led lor ;land he William z bridge lat they 2d, part )n Ship shipped upon its many of and in Each span consists of % wrought iron truss, composed of hori- zontal plates, angle and T iron. The width of the deck of the bridge upon which the truck rests is 17^ feet. Of the iron truss, canal span, IG feet, of the channel span 12f feet, and of the others, 10|J^ feet. The hight of the truss — channel span, IG^ feet, canal span 12]^^ feet, and of the others 11 feet. The horizontal plates in the four chords are from 15 to 25 feet in length, from one-fourth to three-fourths of an inch in thickness, and about eight inches in width. At the joints a short plate is riveted to each side of the main plate, and is so arranged that no two joints meet in the same place. The plates and angle iron, whicl% are riveted together, give each chord a trough like shape. From the upper to the lower chord on each side of the bridge, are iron posts, made or plate, angle and T iron. Across the posts on an angle of 45 degrees, extending from the bottom to the top chord on each side of the bridge, are bars of a few inches in width. In the short span these bars cross but one post to which it is firmly riveted, in the next longer two posts, and in the channel span three. The posts being several feet apart, from five to five and three-fourths feet, they give a lattice like appearance to the bridge. Extending through the truss are lateral and vertical tie bars which help support it. The spans are securely fastened to the piers beloiv. One end of each span rests upon four iron rollers which lurn upon an iron bed-plate, and between the ends of the spans is a sj)ace of an inch and a half, allowed for expansion. These rollers are upon every other pier — the ends of the spans upon the inter- vening ones ji e firmly secured to the masonry, so there can be no possibility of the bridge getting out of place. The frame of the bridge was all put together in England before shipping and then part of it taken down. This was done to detect any mistake that might have occurred. Tliere are 175,000 rivets, from three-fourths to one and one- eighth inches in diameter, in the bridge. Part of tbem were 62 THE CONNECTICUT VALLEY GUIDE. Ih put in by machinery in England and the remainder by hand while the bridge was being erected. The piers of the old bridge, which are of Monson granite, were used, after raising them to a greater hight, and new ones were built between the old, doubling the number. To build the bridge and maintain,the old one so as not to delay the trains, while the work was in progress was an undertaking of no small magnitude. It was however accomplished and of the 22 to 28 trains that crossed the bridge daily not a detention of a single minute was caused to thorn. The lower chords of the iron bridge were placed upon blocking two feet in thickness, which rested upon the piers, and during Sunday when there was no train to pass the completed span was Awered to its place by means of hydraulic jacl^. The weight of the bridge, not including track and floor beams, is 624 tons and its cost in England in gold was $85.58 per ton. In New York in currency, its cost was $241.54 per ton. The freight from London and Liverpool to New York was $3.75 per ton. Some of the other items of cost are as follows : Freight from London and Liverpool to New York, $2,342.10 ; duty, $30.12 per ton; making a total of $18,796.40 ; paid pre- mium on gold, $73,120.08 ; cost of bridge in England, $53,- 400.22 ; cost of iron work, erected, $173,109.02 ; cost of labor for erection, including tools, $10,985.34; cost of masonry, $15,- 744.07. It will be seen by this that the premium on gold which was then in the vicinity of 100, amounted to $19,720.46 more than the cost of the bridge in England, when ready for shipment. The track passes over the top of the bridge, excepting the span over the canal, and the view up and down the river is very fine. The distance from the top of the rails to low water mark below is 47 feet. This is the most extensive^ iron bridge in the United States, but for several years, the New York Central, Baltimore and Ohio, and Pennsylvania Central Railroads have tested them on WARF.nOUSE POINT. fli a smaller scale and have become satisfied of their durability. It li thought that this bridge will last a century. The strength of the bridge must l)e very great, and it is estimated that a con- tinuous line of locomotives, from one shore to the other, would not exceed more than one-seventli of the weight that it is capable of sustaining. • ' Two wooden bridges have been built in this place — the first one in 1844, when the road was opened. It was blown down in 0(!tober, 1846, and rebuilt in forty-five days. The iron has all been painted red and the appearance of the bridge in the distance is very fine. A good view of it can be had soon after the train passes Windsor Locks, going north, or before it reaches "Warehouse Polm going south. To get a correct estimate of its great magnitude one wants to leave the train and pass through its entire length, underneath the railroad track. There is a narrow plank on either side, extending through the bridge, but unless one has good nerves the rushing waters below might disturb his equilibrium. During the construction of the bridge no serious accident occurred. One workman fell through a thirteen inch hole into the river, a distance of forty feet and struck in water that was only nine inches deep. He was disabled only for a few days and then continued work until the bridge was completed. WAREHOUSE POINT. Crossing the Connecticut on the iron bridge you come to Warehouse Point, a way station at the east end of the bridge on the bank of the river. Formerly this was a place of some note, it being the head of sloop navigation. The place received its name from the fact that warehouses for the storage of merchan- dise were located here. The boats unloaded at this place and their cargoes were transferred to wagons and carried to the several towns farther up the Comiecticut. u THE CONNECTICUT VALLEY OUIDE. ENFIELD. — COL. HAZARD'S POWDKK W0KK9. — TIIR SHAKERS. Pnasing Warehouse Point, the village of Endeld will bo noticed on the hill to the east. This la i\ quiet, rural town, overlooking the Connecticut and the valley for many mrles. The northern limits of the town extend to the boundary line between Connecticut and Massachusetts. Four miles east of the river is Hazardville where are located part of the powder mills of Col. A. G. Hazard. He also owns mills at Scitico, (in Enfield,) at East Hartford, and Canton. During the Rebel- lion he furnished a large quantity of powder for the Govern- ment, and England, during the Crimean war, purchased a million and a quarter dollars worth of him. There are no powder works in Englana so large as those owned by the Colo- nel, and himself and Dupont make one-half of the powder that is manufactured in this country. The jx)wder is taken to the magazine, near Enfield station and from there sent down the river in small boats. He has been thirty years in the business and has acquired a large property. His acquaintance with the public men of the country is extensive, and when Webster was at the zenith of his fame he was among his personal friends. Gov. A. il. Bullock of Massachusetts married one of his daughters. The Shakers have one of their largest communities in this town, six miles east of the river. They number several hun- dred members, and are a very industrious and thriving people. THOMPSONVTLLE — THE HARTFORD CARPET WORKS. Two mile north of Enfield bridge, and in the town of En- field, is the manufacturing village of Thompsonville, named in honor of Col. Orrin Thompson, the founder of the Hartford Carpet Works located at this place. The manufacture of car- pets was begun here in 1828 and this establishment is now one of the largest of its kind in the country. The varieties made are Ingrain and Venetian, and the quality is said to be superior to anything found in the American market, so much so that anc citA VRCR3. nil bo town, m'rles. iry line east of powder Scitico, 5 Rebel- Glovern- [lased a are no lie Colo- rder that m to the lown the business with the ster was friends, e of his 3 in this ral hun- g people. RlvS. n of En- amed in Hartford ire of ear- now one Iies made J superior a LONGMKADOW — SPRINGFIELD. 65 foreign Ingrain carpets liave been superseded by them. The machinery at these mills is driven entirely by steam, three f'n000 V!i of Ingrain carpeting. The wotd consumed is all im- ported, as there are no breeds of slieej) in this country produc- ing a quality sufficiently coarse to be used in manufacturing carpets. It requires GOOO pounds of wool per day to keep the mills in full operation. The capital of the Company is $1,500,- 000 ; President and Treasurer, Geo. Roberts, Hartibrd ; Super- intendent at Thompsonville, J. L. Houston. The Company also have mills at Taritfville, where they manufacture IJrussels carpeting. The ICnfield Manufiicturing Company, with a capital of $250,000 employ 300 hands, and manufacture shirts, hosiery, &c. LONGMEADOW. Within four miles of Springfield, on the plateau, east of tlie railroad, will be noticed the village of Longmeadow. The Ixiundary line between Massachusetts crosses the Connecticut between this place and Thompsonville. Longmeadow was set- tled in 1 644, eight years after the settlement of Springfield. SPRINGFIELD. Diatanco from New York, 134 miles; Montreal, 310; White Mountains, 184; Lako Mcmphrcniagopt, 229; Quebec, 402, In approaching Springfield from the south, as the train passes around the bend in the river, the city will be noticed on the left, and then again on the right, spread out over the hill- side, more than a mile distant. The most prominent buildings to be seen are the United States Arsenal on Armory Square, and St.. Michael's (Catholic) Church, west and below it. The city contains 25,000 inhabitants and is rapidly increasing in 66 TUB CONNECTICUT VALLEY GUIDE. im ■wealth and imporUince. It is compactly built for a provincial city and numbers amon^ its inlial)itants souk; of the most enterprising people in New Knj;land. In a eompunitive smse S|>rin<^(ield has not been so much divStin;^uished for its njunulaetoiies as for being a great natural connnereial center. A few years ago, with few exceptions, very little numufaeturing was done within what are now the limits of the city; but more recently the manufacturing inter- ests have been greatly increased. Here center long lines of railways, from north, south, east and west, with direct commu- nication with all the large cities of the country, while for nearly fifty miles on either line, out of Springfield, and contributory to its trade and business, are large and thriving towns. The United States Armory, which was established here in 1795, has probably been the chief source of prosperity to the town, although the number of hands employed previous to the Rebellion seldom exceeded 400. After the destruc- tion of the Harper's Ferry Armory, early in the war, a larg" force, at one time 3,200 men, were kept at work divided into two sets — one party working at night, and another during the day. There were manufactured during tlie four years of the Rebellion, from April, 18G1, to June 30, 1865, 791,134 guns of various patterns, nearly all of which were borne over many a bloody battle field in defense of free institutions. This is a larger number of muskets than was manufactured durmg the first G5 years of the existence of the Armory, up to the commencement of the Rebellion. The amount of disburse- ments in 18G5 that passed through the paymaster's hands, Mr. Edward Ingersoll, including money and material used at the Armory, was $4,677,422, and for the whole time during the war it was over $12,000,000. The two squares on the hill, owned by the Government comprise more than 72 acres. The Arsenal and the shops in which the muskets are made, ex- cepting the welding of the barrels, are located on the western TUB ARSENAL. 67 square overlooking the city and the valley beyond. It is iMcloscJ by an iron fence nearly nine feet high, and the grounds iin* neatly and tastefully laid out. The view from the top of tin*. Arsenal is particularly fine, exceeding in some respects that obtain«'d from any other point in the city. The Arsenal, which is three stories high, will hold three hundred thousand muskets, and they are so regularly and neatly arranged in colunms that they make a striking display. Some years ago Longfellow, after visiting the place previous to the Rebellion, and when such a thing seemed impossible, wrote the following lines, which were so prophetic and so expressive in the por- trayal of the evils of war and bloodshed that they will be read with renewed interest by cv|ry one who has been at the Arsenal: . . THE ARSENAL AT SPRINGFIELD. This is the Arsenal. From floor to ceiling, Like a huge organ, rise the burnished arms ; But from their silent pipes no anthem pealing (Startles the villages with strange alarms. Ah ! what a sound will rise— how wild and dreary — When the death-angel touches those swift keys I Wliat loud lament and dismal Miserere Will mingle with their awful symphonies ! I hear even now tlie infinite, fierce chonis — The cries of agony, the endless groan, Which, through the ages that have gone before us, In long reverberations reach our owti. On helm and harness ring3*the Saxon hammer, Through Cimbric forest roars the Norseman's song ; And loud, nmid the universal clamor, O'er distant deserts sounds the Tartar gong. I hear the Florentine, who from his palace Wheels out his battle-bell with dreadful din , And Aztec priests upon their teocallis Beat the wild war-drums made of serpent's skin , J ' 68 THE CONNECTICUT VALLEY GUIDE. The tumult of each sacked and burnhig village ; The shout that every prayer for mercy drowns ; The soldiers' revels in the midst of pillage , The wail of famine in beleaguered towns ; The bursting shell, the gateway wrenched asunder, The rattling musketry, the clashing blade — And ever and anon, in tones of tlmnder, The diapasou of the cannonade. Is it, O man, with such discordant noises, With such a ;cursed instruments as these, Thou drownest Nature's sweet and kindly voices, And jarrest the celestial harmonies? Were half the power that fills the world with terror. Were half the wealth bestowed on camps and courts Given to redeem the human mind from error, There were no need of arsenals nor forts ; The warrior's name would be a name abhorred ; And every nation that should lift again Its hand against a brother, on its forehead Would wear forevermore the curse of Cain I Down the dark future, through long generations, The echomg sounds grow fainter and then cease ; And like a bell, with solemn, sweet vibrations, I hear once more the voice of Christ say, " Peace ! " Peace ! — and no longer from its brazen portals. The blast of war's great organ shakes the skies ; But beautiful as songs of the immortals, The holy ihelodics of love arise. The Water-SIiops, located about a mild south east of the Ar- senal, are parti'ulf rly well adapted to the purposes for which I they were constructed. Here all the barrels are made and tested. Spnngfield cannot boast of so many pleasant drives as some! of the other towns 'n its vicinity, bu% it has a few charming I MANUFACTURERS. 69 views. That from Long Hill, in the south part of the city is as grand as it is extensive. The city on the right, the winding river on the left, the broad valley, checkered with a thousand fields, and the towering mountain peaks skirting the western hor- izon, present a beautiful and picturesque scene. Tlie cemetery, the principal entrance to which is from Maple Street, has few equals in natural beauty, or artificial adornment, when Mount Auburn and Greenwood are excepted. Inroads have been made upon Puritanical ideas even here in the heart of New England, and tlie last resting places of the dead aie now adorned by loving hands, stripping them of the more forbidding aspects that once distinguished thera. No one should fail «f spending a few hours in this secluded and beauti- ful spot. Hampden Park, in the north part of the city, lying between the Connecticut River Railroad and the river, is conveniently situated and comprises a large number of acres. Here have been held several National Horse Shows and the Coufity Agri- cultural Fairs. There are no better show grounds in New England. S[)ringfield is the oldest town in ISIassachusetts on the Con- necticut River, having been settled in 1G3G by a colony from lloxbury, and many of the descendants still live in the vicinity. The two principal business streets are Main and State— ' e former running parallel with the river, and the latter cross- ing it at right angles, extending from the Connecticut eastward past the United States Armory. Many large and magnificent brick blocks have been erected on Main Street within the last few years. During the war, owing to the large number oC workmen employed at the armory, few towns were eo prosperous. 'The railroads terminating here are the New Haven, Hartford and Springfield, and the Connecticut River — the former f>2 miles iii length, extending from New Haven to Springfield, and the other north from Springfield to South Vernon, at the State 70 TUB CONNECTICUT VALLEY GUIDE. line, between Massachusetts and Vermont, a distance of 50 miles. The Western Raih'oad, connecting at Worcester witii the Boston and Worcester, passes through Springfield and terminates at Albany. The distance to Boston and Albany from Springfield is about the same, it being about 100 miles to either place. Here are located the repair shops of tlio Western and Connecticut liiver Railroads, giving employment to a large number of hands. Of the several manufacturing establishments, the largest and most important are the Wason Manufacturing Company, and the Smith & Wesson. Tlie former manufacture railroad cars of all descriptions, including passenger, sleeping, freight, coal and horse railway cais. They employ 350 hands, and in 1865 their business amounted to $700,000,— $300,000 of which was for cars furnished to the New Jersey Central. The cars used by the Western, Central and Union Pacific Railroads, divisions of the great line across the continent, were made by them. The royal car, made several years since for the Pasha of Egypt, one of the most elegant ever made in this country, was turned out at their establishment. The prin- cipal officers of the Company are, T. W. Wason, President ; G. C. Fisk, Treasurer and General Agent ; H. S. Hyde, Secretary. Smith & Wesson manufacture five, six and seven shot revolvers, employing 350 I.ands. They turn out 350 revolvers a day, amounting to a million of dollars per year. Their revolver is so well known and so much of a favorite that up to 1866 they were tAvo years behind their orders, and now they are more than a year behind. The manufacture and sale, . at wholesale and retail, of harnesses, saddles, trunks, &c., has become a large business in Springfield within the last {ew years, and one of the most ex- tensive concerns is that of W. H. Wilkinson, who, during the Rebellion was largely engaged u|X)n government work. He employed at one time as many as 400 hands, and made for the Government during the war $1,500,000 worth of harnesses MASSASOIT HOUSE. 71 and saddles. He delivered to the Government, $75,000 worth of work after the fall of RichmoiKl. The teams of the first ten regiments that left Connecticut were equipped by him, and he also made tfce model Artillery harnesses for the Govern- ment, a complete '^et of which were presented to each of the Governments of Switzerland and Italy. Mr. Wilkinson em- ploys one hundred hands at the present time, and his work is sold in New England, in the West and South. Commencing at twenty-one without any capital, he has by perseverance accumulated a handsome property. Josiah Cummings, formerly a partner wijh Mr. Wilkinson, was also larguly engaged upon Government contracts du- ring the Rebellion, employing 300 to 400 hands and making a million of dollars worth of work. He now employs about a hundred hands, and manufactures harnesses, saddles and trunks. His trade extends all through the United States, and his har- nesses are bought by the most wealthy gentlemen in the large cities. He is now manufacturing as elegant and durable work in either branch of his business, as can be purchased in New York or Boston. The manufacture of paper collars, envelopes and paper boxes, has become an important business, and at the present time a large number of hands are employed upon this laud of work in Springfield. 5-^s=?---'^i; THE MASSASOIT HOUSE, SPBINGFIETP, MASS. 72 THE CONNECTICUT VALLEY GUIDE. No hotel in New England has acquired so extensive and deservedly good reputation as the Massasoit House, and very few in the country are better known, and none are better kept. It is the pride of its proprietors, the boast of every Massachu- setts man abroad, and the haven of rest to the weary and dusty traveler. The experience of hotel life is incomplete to all who have not past its portiils. It is located close to the depot, and ample time is given the tourist for meals. The pro- prietors, M. & E. S. Ciiapin, have long been engaged in the hotel business, — landlords of the Massasoit. THE WEST SPRINGFIELD CHURCH — ANECDOTE OP DR. LATHUOP A REMARKABLE AVAGER. Leaving Springfield for the north, the West Springfield Church, standing on a high bluff, on the west bank of the river, will be noticed. This church is seen for many miles up and down the valley. Here have preached more Doctors of Divinity than at any other country church in New England, and sonic of them liave been quite distinguished. Among them were Rev. Dr. Joseph Lathrop, Rev. Dr. \Vm. B. Sprague, of Albany, and Rev. Dr. Thomas E. Vermilye, of New York. Rev. Henry M. Field, of New York, editor of the Evangelist, son of Rev. Dr. Field of Stockbridge, preached here several years. Dr. Lathrop, it is said, wjis one of the most remarka- ble divines that ever lived in the Connecticut Valley, and during his ministry of 65 years he wrote five thousand sermons, seven octavo volumes of which have been published. An anecdote is related of liim which is said to be a good illustra- tion of his character. A parishioner, for some trivial reason had become very angry with him. JMeeting him one day, he said, " Doctor, have you any religion ? " " None to boast of" was the laconic reply. Another anecdote, concerning the erection of the church is told by some of the old residents, which illustrates some of the habits incident to earlier days : Many years ago, when ve and od very IT kopt. issachu- ary and plete to e to the ["he pro- i in the P DR. ►ringfield i of the miles up Doctors Enghiud, Among Sprague, !W York, vangelist) e several remarka- lley, and sermons, ed. An I illustra- al rejison le day, he toast of" e church ites some ago, >Yhen II rmiSm riVll G. be J half W'.'irl fniil and iiUf)! the richd madi Grai roacj recei after a siU takir I DR. J. a. HOLLAND, 73 Q < o n Q o »^ p o o a T 2 the church was built, the whole town turned out on "raising " (lay to put up the frame. That bejng accomplished the "boys" resolved upon having some fun. Going to the village tavern where liquor was sold, one of the party informed the landlord that he had just "bet the drinks" for all with another of their number and as soon as a decision could be made the losing side would pay for what was drank. The liquor was brought out and many a glass was emptied. Then the landlord in- quired the nature of the wager, and received the following explanation : " Why," says the leader of the party, " I have ju.^t bet Jones that when that steeple falls it will go to the south, and he bets that it will fall to the north. When it goes over let me know and you shall have your pay." As the steeple still stands, it is presumed the bet of fifty years ago is yet unpaid. THE RESIDENCE OP DR. HOLLAND. Passing Hampden Park on the left, and Round Hill on the ri;jfht, in leaving Springfield, Brightwood, the home of Dr. J. G. Holland, known in literature as Timothy Titcomb, can be seen some distance east of the railroad upon an eminence, half hidden among stately trees. The Doctor is a genial, warm hearted gentleman, now, after years of toil in full fruition of his fondest hopes, dwelling beneath his own vine and fig fi*ee, and yet on the sunny side of life, not having past into tlie fifties. He was born in Belchertown, Mass., and was the son of a mechanic who was more noted for piety than riches. Moving from town to town as demand for his labor made it necessary, his father resided in Belchertown, Heath, Granby, South Hadley and Northampton, before the Boctor reached manhood. In the High School at Northampton he roeeived the greater part of his scholastic acquirement?, and after trying his hand at various employments, working in a silk factory, teaching penmanship and the English branches, taking daguereotype?^,