Evangeline I. An:, III i-, s roRN an d in ri)i;M /'/(/. /•'-.iith'ii .ii- l!i\. !• :imiU\l U< U-' 'iiin- I'l iR 1 |;K. ■ > whi.h lhi< i< \ir Ho- ■: 'l .'iClv Ti-. ,' L< r EVANGELINE Tin-: PLACi:. Tin: story and the poem v.\ I'ROl". \UA\\ !'( )K ri:K Willi \ini:ti:i:x okic.inai, ii.i.rsrRAnoxs r.v I'RAXK DlCKSI'i:, A.R.A. CASsi'i.L, im:i ri:K. (.aepin x co \i:\V YORK, LONDON AND I'ARIS ^l^T Of lLLUSTf^ATI0f^3. 'Wilts IN 1111- llVKVhsl lltAI MIf lliiKt II) llIK KKAIVKS A I MKiMI|i|r Kl.AlidNS Ml limu IlKtWIll Alt. All' JAIK IX SlIoTII « XS IIIK MMllfX." '(.'IIISC Al MIK I-'mIII'r's SIPK WAS lilt (iKXIIt I'vWi.H.ISK SK M Ml. Si'lXMN.. Il W IHR IIIK IIHIM, THAI Mool) IN T||t imKNIK llHIINll llfK.' ' KaIsH) ai.dH C'N a nil. IMS, A IlKA/'tN SIMIK nt' IrsTI.K. In ikifnihv i unii-ntion iiit mii min I.AIMIKll \I KM II IlikV llir, (IK INsliilssHI. M VMKt V KK."' Vv TIIK MAlKiVSI' MOVKI) A IIMINOIS SKVCK IN IIIK IMKKVKSS. 1. 11, Mini I FvS HV NIK I.AMf I IIAN IIIK SlllSlNi. KAiK llK IIIK MAIDI N.' ' Wniion IS TIIK iTHKrHV\Kii, WaHKII IIIK VdiMKS " Tin N ri'KiKK IIIHR riHIMvSlllK, ASH M'AKK I KOM UIK SIKIS ilK IIIK AI.TAR, lliiI.lUSl. AIHKI IS Ml> IIVSIIS, wnil lis SIAIS, IIIK KIHAl Hl>l.Ml>SIOS." MkvSHIIIIK, AMIH IIU l.KliiM, liV TIIK CTllKcTl, 1aASi.K1.1SK MSi.KKKH. ■t'vMI- IK'IM IIIK NKIUllllilMNu IIAMIII^ \S11 ^\KM^ lilt A'Al'UN «1IMIV. I'KIMSi. is rilSlHUnlS WAlS-i IIIKIII HOI SK HOI 11 IIOIUIS |0 IIIK SKAilli'RK.' ■VaISIV I'.VASOKI ISK SIKOVK huh WUKHS and CAKISSKS 111 illKFK HIM. VvlNIV OKKKKUl HIM I Ooll : VI 1' IIK MiOHi Sol. Ill limKH) Si'T. IlK SI'AKK Sol. A umhRi'Is i"Mr, iiiu was rumjii in AiMmw iiixrvi'v ' • l'i((N IS tiis I'MiT Al lilt rRi'H iiv riir m'\r, riim" i.nk »r no ,.\s^vrs. 'MnlMfll IhlN HIS Ill'K-l, Willi >ll\l-ll >M>I'II- \\l' MIKKIIs, >\l \ IKKIIVMW. AKSIMI' IN l.Alim- (\M lollllM l'^ litlK>KIV.' ' Ml \V«(III I', M'Vkl, Al 1111 IIHIi I'l nil IIMI, nil I'KIFT AM' IIIK llthl'«»M\ S»l, inWJKMX., U'l.KrillK Pi I \sr \Mi IKI-IM \\I' I 1 1 1 h I . ' (MK IIIR Ill-All nil -MK-, nil lllnli.ius 1^1 i;,i|i IS Illf IIMMS'.." hll sill iMl I ,«n( Ills '.Kl 1 N ASP W WIS., I ; I MK IIIR..1 ull I III hlKI-M. ■ This is nu i,":MN "lAiiim niv vuir w \s iii>.kii., ivn iiii iivihis. Ill 1 -HH' A I I Ull hi c. Ii-Hl 11 MR, li'K III \l III IMSH' 1 I'Hl K," III' ' V»s\ M ^h^ -III mil. .» \ -l^ll K UK Ml K. \ . (KP.l I Mis.. I. SI l.V AMI »M Ir I'.l i. I; .il - IS ||i| , K.HM'Ml 1 VSI ^ ..K lllh'.:n." ■ \ us; 1 111 -IK M 11 S>l , \S1. l.V vS ,1 1 ISI |>V1 H IS., |ily|l I |:|M, K;--i;i (.:. ili-.. ii:~. \si. i mi. iii. hi\ii..s in i. Hir..,>i. Evangeline; 1 I'lAC I . 1111 ^ loin , AMI III I 'oi: M 1 llii- m.iiu ->iiiiiim.r cxuir^ions uhiili arc uithiii <.a^\ rcaiii of a ic^idciU dI tin- \l- laiitii (.oa'^l nl llic I iiilcil States, one ot tlic most atliaai\c' is a trip to tlic l'.a\ o\ 1 im- (1\. 11 \i)U Icavr I'urtlaiul, Maim, at i\iii- iii;4 i)\ .1 (|uii.kl\ riiiiiiiiii; stcaimr lur St. Icilin, New Uniiiswitk, \iiu will liiul muii- mH ill llu: iiiiiriiiii;^ skirliii;^ llir lO'. i^-lll>ull(i •uul iiukiUiil Kiast (it M.iiiU' on tlu- kit, with tin- ln.^-l ic-.it .iiul nnstnious i^l.nii! of ('.iMiul Mill. Ill -iuittiiv^ \ou ott' t'rnm the oi-c.in oil llu' ii;^lit. As \ ou sail oii- u.ird, the weinl .md w ild-lookiiv^ " ( juodily I lead" will soon inesiiu ilselt, otti n look- ing out upon \; e\ideiK:e,as it does in its lolt\ wli.u\es and its loiii.^ reaches of ooze and saml, th.it you are coiniiv^ into the region ol those tides ol thirt\ or fortv feet whieh sou will li.u e read of with wonder m \our l)o\hood. .Mmin;^ forward \ou ol)ser\e the wild hut attractive siiores of the isl.ind of CaiupobclhK ri<;lul\- ii.uned. .\s you emeii;e into the ( '.reat Hay bcNoiui, you will, in all pr )l)al)ilit\, feel \our wa\ thioui^h a hlimlini; fo;^, which as it suddeiil) lilts or lO /■::;iiij^f//iii- ; the rian\ tin- >/(>n\ ,iui/ ///.' /Wm. m\^lriiiui>U (lis,i|t|)i'.ii-'. will iiVL.il lln' i it\ nl' St. |.i|iii u> sniii iuiiiiii> .mrll in .i lui-<\ tnuu, uliu li .it r\ii\ turn .iiiil li>'in r\ir\ nlin't t ^ii'^j^i -t^ llii' n iiu iiilii.iih c ul .i ^imI.iiihj^ tnw n in Sioi- l.iiiil ii|- tlu imitli ot rni;l.mttr\ nl llu tiili^ .iMil tlu ir in.i;^i> wnikiii:.;, \\liili' mhi u.iti h tin- iiuMi ii\t i .it il-> mniilli .1^ It .titiiii.iti l\ iiii|itii> it^ill mtd till' li.iii>i>r li\ .i tli^iiiulm- ri|i|i|i, wliiili l)cumu^ ,iliiM->t .1 |>hm;^i .i^ it t.iiU to om i t.iL tlir i.i|iiill\ uitliilr.iu in.; lulr. .mil MiliMi|iiintl\ iwcr^f^ till- imuL^^ wluii tlu it tiiiiim.; ll.nnl ichih >iii with .1 lu^ii, riiliiri.- \(>n lr.i\i tlu iil\. \(iii will |iiii|i.iliK li.ivi' Imii tiiii|itiil to iii.iki .1 lii|i li\ tlu.' ri\ii M Jnhn to I inKiu tnii. the i.ipit.ilnl tin pinv iiu c. ului( mhi v.ill liiul OIK 1)1 the iiiiwt I'mi-luil .iiul .iii liitn tiii.ilU l,i-ttliil I'loti -^t.int iliuiJic^ on tlu- . untiiiriit. I.n-i l\ the -itt ot I .ii-li>li liu luU. I \\v ^n lu r\ .iloii,; tlii> ii\rr i.m 111 no iiiorr lor-nttiii tli.iii tli.it nt llu liiuUiin, with wliuli it wi II di^ciA c-^ to III. niiii|i,iri .1. \ uu Will till! I u|'iin it^ I I.m Is ^, m tlu n.mu n| .it Ic.i-t one ol it-, thrum- tuwii-. .1 itiniiulcr tii.it |iortion- oi tin- .ittr.ii ti\t' i oiintr\ wcir .illotli'd til ms.il rciu-i.-c.> tioiii I uiiih I tu iit ihiiiii;; or .it the iiul ol the w.ir lor inil(|n iiil- cncc. I'liit wlullur or iMt nhu iii.ikc thi> iai iir-inii, Nmi will luit l.iil. it mui .irr wi>r. to iii.ikc .1 \i-it til Muiuktiin. mi thr « .rcit IViul ul the riser I'rtu uili.ic. tli.it \oii m,i\ >n with \inir iiwn r\r^ tin tule iisr .md I. ill -.(vcnts It it. lillmi.^ aiul rm|it\in- .iltern,itel\ .m e-tu.iiA oImhiu; two .md .1 h.ili' mih -> liio.id .\t the extreme eMixnii -^ee iiolliin-liut ,1 liiu.id e\|i,m-e i.l' mi/e and -lime. ii\er the Mirtaee u\ uhi, h i> >li|,|,m- tlu' l,i-t dr.iiii.i-e ul uli.it w.i- .m eiioriiioii- river, luit whuh i-m.w reduied tu.iwmdin- ditiliMnn,- ten or tumtv Uet in width. 1 1\ uhuli it seem- til 111- .iim|.letelyeiii|itieil. \,.ii .ire ludden to li,,,k lu .rthw.ird. with exiieit.mt e\e-. 1. 1 .1 tliril 111 the l..lllk>. til, It \ . .11 IU.l\ ( ,lti ll tlu tn-t -i-ht n\ til.' Iu.miin-r^:',w/-r.v/mr/-s.it the -uellin-.ind le.i-tK - il,,od. win, h wilUu.in lire.ik ii|i.in \.iur \ieu. .sniiutiine- the tnremn-t w.i\e i- -,i\ nr ei-lu leei m liei-hl. soiiuimie- onlv tw.. or three, ,u , nrdin,- l.i the uind .md uirrent- upon the (.re.it \U\ l.elmid the hiiU. uhiJi .iltern,itJ\ ri-e- .md l.ilU with it> d.iil\ .md nightly sw.ll. \, llu, hr-i u.i\e mine- into Nieu, It ,. t.,|!,,ued iinmedi.itMV lis .iiuither, and till- l.v .moth, r, till hrn.; hetoiv the luieino-t li.i- ,.,me o\n- .i.^.iin-t m,u. the 'li.innel.>i, tar.i- m.u , .m di-iern. i- hlledwith ihe-e lo.imiii;.; -teed- . h.i-iiu.; mu- another w-ith re-tle-. and re-,-tle- Inry. .\- -o„n a- the hottoni ,,1 the , luimel is 'ovi red it -eein- to hll with inue.i-m^ r.i,,i,litv . .md .,t tiiiu- to r,-e at the r.itc livini^c/iiic : flu' Pltiic, //if .s/of}'' """' f^'*' /'"'"/ II of filtccii feet ill a-, main minutes. Il is mily as you follow this estuary down- wanl toward the l.av, and uat.li tlusi- lid< s, that \oi: tan understand their rela- tion to the ferliK' ineadou^ u liu h ha\e been loriiud aloiij; the inlets by the aid of skilllul (Kkiii;^; j.resentinj; as lliey do a siiii;iilar and striking contrast to secnerv ulmli is i;enei,illy roik\ an. I iiiho-^pitabli'. As ym \ie\v these expanses, and tin n follow tluin into the nanow \all(\s into uluJi llu\ witlulraw \ou, you faiu\ that the earlv I rtiit h ilisiov I'rers -a\e to the entire re;^ion the name of Aiadia, after the Anadia of ( .ni ian lovelines-,. And >it lo\ely as these sa- vannas and valleys are, the enormous tides .md inho>.|>it.ible shores justils the a|i|iell.ition of No\.i Siotia or New Siotland as e\cn more a|)proi>ri.ile, .md seem to h,i\e destined il for the im iip.ition and onilrol ol .i h.irdier race. ila\in;^ \isiti'd St, |i)lm .md the ( ire.it I'.eiid, \ou will t.ike the steamer lor No\.i Sioti.i -either for Windsor .it its north-easti'rn e\tiemil\,or tor |)i-b>. direitK o|(posite St. John — h.uin!^ \oiir jiort in either lase aeeordiii); to the tide, for re.isons whidi will i>re-.entl\ .ippe.ir The ti.i\eUr in this eountr\ will more thin ome be ri'minft\ shores opp.isit.', \oii swie|i ne.U' en.iui^h t.i distiiii^uish the enorm.ius masses of ro. k \\lii.h lie .it the feet of both, whiih .ire anon sub- mer!;ed b\ the ro.uin;^ llo.id .md.in.m exposed, as with anL;r> lehkt.uue its w.ives slowlv .m.l unwillingly subside. i'liis ri.l-c is (^eolo^ieall) sjx.i.illv inlerestin.iLi-. It w.is in the fos-,ils and minerals in this rei;i.>n that one of the m.ist rem.irkable discoveiii's of m.idern l'al(..int.ilo;4\- w.is m.ule b\ .1 vouthful /e.ilot, whose ardor w.is in this wa\ direele.l .m.l fise.l in a career of dise.i\ir\ ami rese.ir.h whieh h.is siiue m.i.le him I'minent in the w:\\m of seieiue. This ri.li^e is t.i us especi.illy intirestinj4 be.ause behind .md aloiiL; it stretches the \.ille\ which still retains the n.ime of .\c.idia, and which extends for sixty t.) ei;.;hty miles from the li.iy of Minas on the north to the 15ay of .\nn.i|)olis on the south. This valle\ is thus liiuui^i^Jiiif ; the riih,-. t/tf >/i'ry. tiihi the /Will. iM.uinkcl (111 the ux'-t In llu- tr.ii. lul-r \\1ik1i i^ a iKirrirr .i;^.iinst tin.' -m.m, ,iiul ri^fs t^r.ulu.illv tdwanl the «.a>t into the ^harpan.! impidiiiKtu e nn k-ol thr |H'iiiii-uIa. ll ciMi>i^t> o\ two \allL\^, ralhiT than unc, aii^l i-. walcinl l'\ ihi' Iwu rivers ami their tnliutarie^ niiinm- resiiectixels tn the iiorth-ea^t aiitl s()uth-\\i->t ; tlic t la--- |iereau\ emptx iiil; intu the \U\ nl Mina-^. an^l the \nna|HiH^ ein|it\ iiil; into tlie \U\ (it AmiaiHih- l-ach o\ the-e \alle\s expaiuN iiitu the unK' !nea(Ki\\s uhiili tur ai^es ha\e liecii (le[nl^ite>l li\ the tnle^, aiul •-(eureil li\ the patient toil ot ;^eii- eratuuis. Ihe-^e are luntlereil li\ |iietl\ aiulxaiied sIhik-, in whuh the darl. and pdinteil spruce i-- abumiant, loniiiii;^ snikiiv^ eonti'.ists wiili the de^ nhinus Inresl trees, uhieh are nut i iitireK al)--ent. In th.e lieautilnl and \aried hinds(.a]ies which delii^ht the tra\eler. the s|Meadni;^ meadow^. Iiroun and ;^reen with th( n' alunulant ha\ and oat trops, .ue loiispitUdUsU pinnunent. Now and th( n lie will disurn an e\len^i\e tield .ui^ni;^ proniisf ot a ndi haiACst ol the cslu- lent whiJiis here so exLelleiit and sn rew.n\linu;. aiiil was lornierK esteemed as the pride ot this re;;ion. The elm. as we should ixpeU, Hit- its stalcK and i^racelul top now and then alom; the-e rkh alhuials. litre and tlu re a l)air ot' poplar- remind u- that Ion- a-o s.iplm-s \ure lirou-ht h'om suniu I'rance. and \ery otteii a -narled mo-— -row n willow carrie- u- haik to a ceiituiA and a hall a-o. wIrh a twi- wa- eaiehilK |ilanted on the rude home-tead ot a hoine-ick settler, whidi he had months hetore eut Irom m\ old and well remembered tree on the coast ol' I'.rittans, It is well known th.it this fertile an.l -heltered \alle\, lo-i ther with the spreadin- meadow- whiJi are -tretdied aloii- it- opemn--. tir-l reieived the name Acadia, which wa- -ub-e.iuentl\ I'e-tored to it- ori-inal po— cs-or. It i- a- miportant to remembu- that m the earlie-t time- Auidia not oiiU designated the eiilire pemn-iila iiou known .„ \,,\a S.otia. but wa- ,ds,, applied to the ea-l(rn porli,,ii of the pre-ent prosm.e ,,i" W-u llrmi-wuk and the adiac ,nt beautiml i-land- in thr (,ull of St. I.aureiue. 1 he more lertile portuui- of this iv-i.,n were settled m the early part of the -eNenteeiilh century b\ a\ervlew u>loni-t, fn,ni I raiue, t.i whom llie\ became doubl\ attractive from the ncarne-- of the o\crllowin- fi-hiii- -round- whuh -o earlv and so Ion-- made the . o,,-t, the harbor-, and tlu; adja.enl province- the coveted pri/e- of m:m\ a de-puate adventure and hard lou-lit and bl<,odv e.,n- te-t. A- thr New l.n-land ,,,l,,me- were -radually settled, and became the livivigcliiic ; tlic riaci\ llic Story, ami the /Win. 13 lionic of a population wIu'lIi rejoiced in fisheries and coiiimcrcc, the mastery ol' ihc^c I'lsliiii;^ ;^r(iiind> and the eountiA adjoiniii;^ stiimilatcd tlic lav^li^h to a idiistant and jealous ri\alr\, wliiJi was inten^itled \)\ niauilohl aiUaL;oiii>iiis ol race and reli;_;ioii. I lenej tlie^e lands of beaut)' antl of promise be- came a dark .md blood\ ;^round, and the shores and ;-,ippi. With the strifes and jcdousies of lliis halfcentur\, the fortunes and Lite ol the unhapp\- colonists of .\o\a Scotia, which are the theme oi our pathetic poem, were ino>t intiniateU' connected. 'l"o understand ;uid appieciate the ])oem of lAaiv^eline, one needs not onh to lie made acquainted with the geographical features of the country in which it is ])kiced, but to trace the t^rowth of the peo])le whose unhap|)y fate il depicts to the ima;4ination. The ])oem is not merel\' a |)athetic recital which mo\es oin^ tenderest sympathies and inculcates the noblest lessons of tlut\' and faith ; it also re|)roduces with \arietl intensitv a tragical pic- lure of our |)ast national hislor\ ; and as such it is fittetl to instruct us, if we intcrprel it ari;_;ht, res|)ectin;4 the i)itter and coslK e.\])eriences oul of which i)Ui' |irescnt |>olitical and ci\il blcssiiv^s ha\e been secured; while il also inculcates the most salutar\- lessons in respect to the harsh judi;nients which we are often too ready to jironounce ujion those whose aationalit\ or whose faith iua\' ililler from our own. It is i^eneralK' conceded that the bai^lish were, in a certain sense, the hrst discoverers of North .\merica, inasmuch as one ol the C'abots laiuled upon this continent belore I'olumbus, and touched here ;md there upon its coasts, from Labrador to Florida, as early as 1498. In 1504, a lew I'rencii fishermen cast their lines u])on the Ikmks o\ Newfoinulland. In 1534, lacques Cartier saileil throu;..;h the dulf of St. Lawrence, and touched upon the principal inlets on its western waters, as the ri\er 14 Evailgc/iih' ; the riaa-. the Story. aiiJ the /\u III. Mir.miiJ 111. ihc l;.i\. oi (.lukur .iihl C.i^pr, uiil„,iit li,,\\c\rf iiitcrm,- ..r di^cunn.; the ,^,v.it n\c,- 1.a,uu1. In a ^.m,,! rv,..l,n.,n. ,„a,l.. ,h.. y.ai- lollouni;..!,. a..r,uIol the St. L.mrcur and tlu- Sa:.unm . an.l na.licl L'ud.x a„>l Montival. Tlu- s.ar .ulluu,,,. ,h,. ,„,!,, ,,.,„,„ ,,,, j,,„„^,,, I'v th. l^v.ul, inula- tlu- nan,, lana.la. an,l a. muI, ua> .l,M,n,^u,du-,l tn.,n Acul.a, uhuh lu.l lurn pi-cvuui>lv appHol to tlu- wu.ntru. K,n. ,,n thr Hav '"■ I^u'hK an.l tlu- ^uH; In .3.VX a uun,,anv ot l,„n,l„n nur.hant- uu, r.d ann- Ihnnphn. ,„ll.e,t a l.rolhe,--n-lau of Sn- Walter K,.le,^h. unne u „h t,Ne v...,U to N.u- •-^•■•^11''">1 to take ,orn,al po,....,,,,, ,„ Uu- -an.e .or the Oueen o, In^- '"^''•''"' ^" ^•^^•"'''^'' •'-'"">• A. ^et no attempt luul luen nuule u. ''""''• ''" ^"""^'■>' •"• ">^- I--t '"■ -tlur Hn,lan>l or lran,e, an,l vet '""-" '"^'"'1 th,rt^-t^^o ^...d. K,„. ,„ „,^. ,,_,,.,„„^ ,,, ^_ ^^^^^^^^ ^^;^^ '"""''"'• "" "^^^'-'"^ ^'- — ^1—'. -KhM.dv that the.. re..u.n. ^"" •''""' ^''"""'-'""^ '•-'■■•^-' ^" '-■ '-1' an,l pdtr^. H,, atten.pt o, '."" """''""^ " ^"-^ '' --'— I--'l a ,a,lnre. ,n .on..,,nen.e o, '': :'"""^'> ''^•''''- "• '30H. Ilenrv IV., o, 1 ranee, .„,.,, , ..,,.,„, ,, ^■""""•'"^ "■' "-— ^'-to, No.a ..ot,,u luu u„h no.ucee./ ,t ■^ ^^"'■'"-' ■" -■'•"■^ ^'-^ ^^••"^ ^1- evulenee i. ..peral .nulant that the.c "'"'■; ''''' "^"'■^^'' ^" ''>■ '•^•-■-" - .-at nnn.her. there ,. no ree- ;"' "; '': '-' ' '-^'^ - ----^ -'- -^- .^n.. .3.. to ..o. T ""■" ^^^'-^ "-'^--'^ -- -nl-nee of .u...., ,. ,,,,. ^~" ^' ^■••-^^ 1"- •'■"' ->••">• at Ta,,on.u, at the nu.uth o, the Sa.uenav ■e :■.;■■ '''■'"•^^^^- *""^'-----'.^nuere.„,,atl..a o .::';■ ""'■ ^^^'; ^-"^ - ■'■•"'--^ - .'■■•-^^- U. tnr tra„e, eon,p. ,.: :;;:r'' "''^ ^''' --"---..-„...,., .,.„,..;.' "V"'--"- •■'— ^"''-l. "n,ht l^deete... The ^^'"" ^'''•'^'•'^■■— -'-"•- --a,l to... Uu.„ttlee .h Evangeline ; ilic l\.ici\ the Story, and the Poem. 15 uliicli carries him hack, if not to tlic first attempts at colonization in Can- ada l)v the I'rcncli, at IcaNt to a very early period; a pcrioti so early that an eilitice lari;e eiioiij^h for the inhabitants would accommodate no more than some tliirlN to till) \vor^hi|)ers. After ^lmdr\• iaiidin^fs and adventures, the two ve>sels laden with colonists entered the i^iy of Tundy, and weri soon introduced to the noble bav now known as the Mav of Anna|)olis, at the south end of the \ale of Acadia ahead) described, which was first known as the harbor of I'ort l\o\al, and subse(|uentlv became the scene of manilold sies^es ami mass.icres for almost a century and a half; beini^^ taken and re- taken b\ ;i succession of ad\enturous and Ki^itimale re|)resentatives of the two j^reat jiowers, who contended for the supremacy ovei its waters and the adjacent lands. After making; a satisfactory reconnoisance of this deli;^ht- fiil spot ('ham|)lain lra\ersed the coast of the (.neat French Hay, as the Hay of b'uiuK- was called, and made a minute record of its wonderfid ieatures. The colony at I'ort Royal was not fairly bei^un until 1606, antl it suffered manifold fortunes of e\il, ;dthouL;h contriving- to maintain a precarious existence ; as it became the |)ri/ce of successi\e ^reetly ad\ Uurers who contrivctl to j^ain confiictin;,;' titles from the imperial court. K was also now ami then occupied b\- cl.'iimants uiuler the lini;iish crown or some commercial com])any. Or a^ain it was assailetl by some half-pirate, and less than half Puritan, from the risini,'- New Hn,u;l,uul colonies. It is not surprisin- that Acadia itself passetl to and fro like a football from l"rance to Ijv^land antl from Hn;^land to I'rance, as the fortunes of war or the chances of a treat)' mi<;ht decide. Its western boumlary was also uncertain, whatever nuL^ht be the luunls into which it happeneil to fall. The chivalrous fortunes and the romantic adven- tures of the I, a Tours which mo\ed the s\nipathies and tested the diplomacy and vexed the consciences of the Puritan mai^istracy of Massachusetts Hay, anil almost tempted the Plymouth Colonists to what were ver)- nearl)- acts of freebootinj4", cannot here be reciteil without withdrawini;- our thoutjhts too far from our theme. We should \\o\. omit to notice that the western bountlary of Acadia was also in dispute between Hiv^land and France, or rather between the several trailing; companies, or the " Lieutenant-ricnerals " of one country or the other, who were constantly strugsj^lin;^' with each other for the prizes which promised so much in the future. The Penobscot river l6 I'.vniii^r/inc ; flic P/iicr. fin- Sfi'rv. aiui flic /Win. u.i> in a (.rrtaiii M.'n>c .ici|uiL>i,i.(l in r.itlur ih.ui a;^n.'c>l upon a-^ llii-- li.um>lar\ line lor the liiiu\ iiiuil lav^laiiil aihl l'ian«.(.' sliouKl liiialix ^i.n\v tlu' ti.Tn arliitraiiunt ol war, wliuh, a-- \\a^ 1m]iiiI, nii;^ht aUi> ilrti iinmc the mntrol nl' the entire eoast iVuni l.alirailor to Morula. We (iui;ht not to omit to notiie the taet tliat, a^ the New l-.n-lan l)eiaiiu' --trniv^er ancl more >elt-rel\ iii;,, th^' Aeaihan eoa-t-' iieeaiue more interesting to them a> >eLiies of a.Keiiture and a^- ol))ei.t> ot' tear aiul. |Kiha]>-', a^ |ios-,il)lc jiri/e'^ ot wai. I'liouu'h the 1-i'tneh eolonie- ]iio|ier were u>ntem]'t!lil\ interior to tho->e in New lav^laml in yoww of wealth or number-- or militar\ prowL^s, \ < t, b\ reason o\ the eoinmaiulin;^ position of their well ])Kueil fortresses aiiil well chosen jHirts, their lew and scattered forces eould suei.es>full\ |'re\ upon the New l-n-iand tisluruKn and efleaually lontrol the aeeess of iho latter to the St. l.aureiKe. .Above all. by their Lommand of this riser the\ were able to maintain ready eoinmunie.ition with tlios^ Indian tribes whuh, from No\a Scotia to the t>hio, traversi'd tiie foists and oeeupied the la-tnes.rs in the rear of the b.n-lish, and, on ,in\ oceasinii of w.irbetweiu theiiischrs and the loloiiies, or between l.n-land and I'lMiUe. eould be emplo\ed with tuaitie effect ; ,is mail) a new settlement in forest ,,]■ -stream nr lo\el\ \ale unild tcstil), in its records ol cruel ambusi.ide and ni.;!itl\ buriiin-. Those Indi.uis, whom the ireULli .ontrolled, li,id als,,, i,. a i oiisider.ible extent, been Lonverted to ilu: Ri.mish f.utli, and were tliiis bound more tirmlv in allKince to l-nuKe. I'.ut whether ( hristi.m .,r i'a-.m, the\ became l.u'-elv the n.ilur.d enemies of the lai-li^h eoh.nists, and coiild e.isilv be .iroUsed to sudden and cruel .itt.uks bv imUiences frnin both i.,.uisbur;^ and Ouebec. In the vear 1713, the first .i.t w.is ,,,,ened of the dnim.i with which we are immediate!) concerned. In that n e.u' the Treaty of Itro ht was Muuliidcl after a contest which had Lonlinued for ne.irlv twentv _\e.irs, with ,1 sinok- interruption. With this treats br.,„i tho.e troubles and dilliailties wliuh termimite^i in the expuUi tualls'" e.un- prehended,' the parties disagreed, bu^land elaimm^ that .\c,ulia embraced all Evangeline ; the J''iuee, (he Story, niu/ the Poem. 17 tlic tcnitorv last of a line iliaun from tlic moiitli of tlic Kciincbcc to ( Hichcc, iiuliidin^ the sduth shoir of the St, LaureiKc, I'liiuc Ijluanl I^huul, aiul (ape Breton, ami I'raiue tlial Aea^lia only incliuhjd the soiitlurii haU' of tlu- ]Kniii- sula of N(i\a Scotia. ( )ut of tliis (h^a^reemeiit proceeded a loii;4 train of tonlhets. in o])en and secret hostility whith were not fnii--hc:d till the ca.ptiire of ( )iiei)e( in 1759, which |)Ut an end to th • intluence of I'rance in America. It i-^ important to ki'e]) di-^tincll\ in mind that it wa^ onl\ lour years before thi-- e\ent, .it the time when the slrile lor tiie possession ot this con- tinent \\a> ri'achin;^ its crisis, that the e.\|iulsi()n ol the Acadians was resoKcd upon and partialK cairied into effect. 'Ihi^ was in the \ear 1755, at the openin!^ of the hnal ^trii'.^!.;le for the jiossession of North .\nierica, between I'rance and lai^land. The expulsion of these colonists was the only one of four important measures attem])ted by the lin^iish j^overnment at the opeuiii'^ of the war, which was crowned with success — and, indeed, which was not in some sense a failure. The three other measures were, the attack on Iiirt du ( >ue-^ne l)\ I ieneral l'>raddock, an attem])t on the Ibrt at Niai^ara, and an e\])edition a;^ainst Crown Point. .\ crisis was felt to be a])|)roaciunL; for Acailia itself The remo\al of the so-called " I'rench Neutrals" was, not so much a deliberate measure tif state policy which looked to remote conse(piences, as a boUl and almost des])erate act in a fuial strui;!j,le lor the possession of the entire territor\, in wiiich a |)romiit and decisive blow was suj)posed to be iiu]ierati\ely required. The im])ortance of this act as a necessity of war, can be a])preciatetl onl\ as we vi\idl\ conceive the condition of the ])ro\ince at the lime when it was ado])ted, .is this is explained In the histor\ of the forty years, which, .1^ we iia\e already said, bcj^an with the ])eace of I trecht. Inimetlialel\ on the cession of .Acatli.i b\ this treat\-, but contrar), as it woiilil seem, to its natural interjiretation, I'rance proceeiled to aiipro])ri.ite to ilscll the whole ol Prince lulward Island, the northern |)art of No\a Scotia, borderiiic; on the C.ulf of St. Lawrence, and the Island of (ape Hreton. P)\ this occupation she secured to her- self the commantl of the direct ai)proaches to the ( ".ulf and the River St. I .aw rence, which invohed the command of the fisheries, and almost necessarily the access to Canada. To secure to herself the utmost of these ad\antac;es, she jirocecdeil without dela\ to construct the fortress of Louisburj;, on the Islaml of Cape Hretcn, i8 J:viiiii,r//iir ; the rUicc, the Story, iiiiJ tJie JWiii. at .III iii(iniuui-> I'xiicn-M.'. So mioh .i> tlii> ^Irniv^luiKI \\.i-> iiritrd, it lni.imc an iiliint of alarm to \\\v ciiliic \i u liv^laiii! ioa>t iint nun 1\ lor the ilaii;;(.r with whiili it thiiatt lud it^ I'l-hiriiun. lnit lioati-r it ua^ n^^aichil a^ ail aihiiiialik' jiLui- ot ritu:;i.' ami iK|iaitun- lor am Iiiiu li lit < t whuii ini;^ht he tittcil mit lor the (K --triktioii ol i'.n-'ttin .u- am oilu r ol ihr I a->t'in ]iort>. So .-oiMi a-- it \\a^ rim^linl, it was it'^anKil with almo'-t -^iiini-^ti'ion-. tLiTor, TIk' ilarm^ aiul .ilmusi mmantii i\]ii'ilition, wliiJi. iii 1745. was arraiv^cJ tor it-^ ik-tiuilioii, wa> |ilaiiiu>l and cMcuti'l li\ \rw 1 n^laihl patrioi-,; ami wIkii the luw-^ ol' it-- -iiii\'mKr wa- 1 Mniimmi. alo.l thioU'^li the New i-ai-laml puliiit>, the coii-ii'-ation- -|Minlam'.ui,l\ uttricl tluii' tliaiik-.- ;«;i\in--> m ihr nid-t iuhilaiit --tram-- whi^h the uhl I'aMe aihl I'-aliii liook uiuKl Uinii-h. W lull. aKo. -o.-ii alur thi> r\»iU a loriimlalilc aiiuaila was titled (lUl to reeoxcr the l(>rtre~->, ,ui.l |i|-o1m1i|\ to imadc the Nrw I ii-Iaml Iiort--, aii.l tliis \\a> -uittered li\ a rii-i\r tem]ir>t, their weir no wonU wliuh eouKl express the m n>e nf the -reatiu >^ ,,|' the ,laii-. r lioiii wliuh the I'li-li^li eoloiii-~t> ha.l been ileli\rre.l. The Mattenii;^ ol ihi^ ih rt ua- re-arded a^ a -i-iial an-\\.;r tn the united and Ki\ent piM\ei- >A all tin Nrw j-.n-i I eluirJie-. dlie niorniuatinn and ,ha-iin m|' the K.loni^i^ wric (Mnnu- when -nun after i.iaii^hui- wa- re-tm-ed tn |a-an.e li\ the treat\ .-f .\i\ I .a l hainllc. t)ver a-am-t thi> lortre-s on tlu; north Mile nf the peniiiMila 111.1-1 u rtiK- pnrtiMn-, were -< ttted the A.adian popidatioii, M,inc 8,000 tu lo.ooo in all, ln-ule. thr l.u hundred iie.tr ,\nn,i|..,li-, the inajorit\ i.ein- in near \ieinii\ ,ind within rr,i,l\ a. >e-. t<> I .oui-lmi-, the '■^'ll. .I'l'l ( an,ida. IheA wn-tituird nr,,rl> tin uh,,le ,a the hxid iH.pulatMiii -f N-\a so.tia wh,, uiltixated the .,,1!. iV-ide-- the .niall -.irri-.ni- of I'nrt k.'xal ,nid Il.ilhax, and pivvinu. i,, 174;, tluiv h,.d nm heeii iimre than a ''■'' '''"i'I'-"l in ail iht ].,ninMila niSw.t.h ..r iaiji-h de-t.nt, in 1747 a l'.i;f niilitar> ,,,l,,nv ,.f 2,300 snnU had. |„_vn .eitud ,,t llalilax, hm it li.id a. >et -eanely -irir.l. ,t- n,nt- into the mmI. 1 imin^ tlu- iiit.rsal ol thirtv v ears I"'''''"'^ ^" ^''■^-■•' "'-^^ :^nieraiiwn uf liMi.h dr.. ,nl h.i.l l-.vii l..,rn, w ho ha.l I'ra.ti.a'K n,:ar.kd tluni>eK.. a- the -,,le ,,„-,M-.,,r-. 1,^ ... ui|,at,.,n, .,f this a> tludr natlvr ...untiN, and h,i.l l,,, ,1 mIi.m.IoI and tr.nne.l to tlu nu,.i u.inplete ■''^^■"'^"" ^" ^l"- I i-^i^li 1-111- a^ tlun- ,,nU M,verei^n. l''^'"-ii.'t.K alt,:r the In-l muninal tran-ler ol the -oil f. the . mw n of lii'iuigcliiw ; tlic I'/iuc, the Story, ami tlic J'ocni. 19 l''ni;laii(l, the inhabitants nf tlic rct^ion ahuut tlic head of the Hay had lucii suniiniHK (I to take the oatii ol aliei^iancc to tlie lav^li^h more creditable to the kindness than to either the eneri;y or the state->man^hi|i of the colonial l;o\ (.'rnment, the\- had accpiired an anom.dous position in relai 1 to the lav^li^h crown, and beim^ tolerated in their position, became knowr .i-^ "The brenJi NeutraK." I'raeticallv almost the entire |io])ulation of the colony and all iho^e who cultivated the soil h.id persi^tentK- refused to take the oath of alle;^iance or to acknouled;^e .ui\ obligation to the existiii;^ i^oNernment, which should bind their consciences. The evidence was also abundant and o\ erwhelniim^- that the\ were animated b\ some common uiulersl;'.ndin;^, which was inspired by their religious and |>atriotic sentiments, that the baii^lish ;^c)\ernment was ne\er to be reeo;.;iH/ed bv themselves as supreme. Ihey were not only ani- m.itcd b\ the ho])e and assurance that the I'rench authority would be re-established, but tlic\ had been tau-ht and had learned to believe that their dut\' to their ( iod and their kini;' forbade them to transfer their allei^iance to the l'!n;4lish sovereign. Those who iusiifs their final refusal to take the oath when it was solemnly re(iuiied some thirt\ \ears afterwards, and charL^e the Fav^lish i^ovcrnment and the pro\iiuial officials with injustice and cruelty, insist that the acciuiescencc of the crown and the officials in their |)re\ious refusals and delays lor more than tliirt\- \ears was itself a tacit consent to the position which the\ had assumed, whit h was ec|uivalent to a solemn treaty. 'The neulr.ils were a rutle ami simple people, scarcely neetlini;- and certainly not possessiiiij; any civil on;anization for their communes or \illai;es, and tindini;- in their priests all the inai;istrates whom thc\- needed — a |)eo])le without arts, without letters, but 20 l-hiiiii^r/iiic : tin- /'/,i,r. ///,■ .s/.'/;i'. atui the IWiu, not with.uit m.iniui-. uliuh tlmu-li iu>!i.', \\«.ri' iii i irii.iii\ -him' n tiiiiii- m thur iiilliKiui'. an. I tiiulm;^ iii l!u n-ti.iuU- .'I i>ii;^'.>n all tlu- lu.uiiils uliuli tlu\ roiuin>l tor lluir ]ictt\ ir.il.ui-i. -, .m.l tlu ir .iiddit luit iiui> iii i.il trinutT>,. Whill ir or !Mt lluii luo ucn .i> h.iiiiiK— -. tii. ir mor.il- win ,i- inuc. .uul tluif m,iniur> .i-> .lUr.utuc a- llu \ air |MiiUril l>\ l\a\iial an.l I'.aii. toll, it i-^ not imiinitaiit lo (KiiiK. W r laii i\ailil\ l>i.-lir\ (.■ Iinin w hat vm ktiou «>l tlnir coimtrMiuii nl a similar tspr at iIr- |iic-iiU inoiu. iit thai llu \ ui'n miu i-ic and li>\al aiul K-\iii- iveii tluui-h llu\ iiii^lil Ik- i-imraiit aiu! supii-^tiiiDUs aiul oli>tinatc, that tlu \ ha. ! main -riuK ta-ti > ami kimllv iiiaiinci -, although tlu-ir (.alim- ini.;ht Ik- t'lltlr.. lluir Jothiii^ inaisr, aiul tlu ir |in-.(>n- imattiai- livc. That tlu\ wnc iiuloKnt aiul untiiti-rprism- \\c iiia\ \ i r\ ia-il\ IhIum', anil \rt ina\ ira-oiialiK hold that with all tlu ir sloth, aii-l tluii Mmtrntccl .uul narrow i,;noraiui', tlu\ ini^ht In,' aiiimatnl bs pulN, lo\alt\ and luxe toward ( .od and man, riiL-ir Irar of tlu- Indian^ mi-ht ha\i- ln'i'ii, .\Ui\ doiilitK'--s wa-. at tunes, inlrnsf, ,md al\\.i\s ,i ^ontrollm.; inoti\r, wlii.h luld tlu'in in sulin'ilioii to I-'rciiJi ciniss.irirs, Ihc lew j-.n^li-h i ol,ini--t- ot At.idia .iiid tlu in.iiu in Nlu 1-,11-l.i'i 1 h.id ,ini]'K- re,i-on ttion 1)\ simil.u- tear-, .md were thus m.ide the rea.U and sul»sri\ lent vietiiiis nt those |M,Hiu.,d and |.riestl\ ,i-ents, who were .lani;.^ in the seiAicc ot' the I'renih ;^overninent, 1 hese a-eiits were otteii, Hot to s.i\ usuall\-, (lespcrate aiul feriKioiis nun who would n.it scruple 1,1 thre.it. n them with \en-eame in the most ajipallm^ loriHs should the\ rdusc LoinpluuKe with their Munmands. ami \ ield to the dem.md o! the ( ohmi.il authorities, win h were known to l.e more jiersisteiit. and to he li.u ked li\ order- tVoiii London. I)oul)tle-s the .hineiit of de\oti,,n to the ihuixli of whiJi the Ireiieh Km- was the reLo;,;ni/erl .lefemier entered \ er\ lai-el\ into tins jiersistent lov.iltv to the {■reiuh .rown. l.oxally to kin- or ihurdi, however l.lind it may he. 1- alw.ivs a nohle an.l elevalin- sentiment, l.veii when it is attended /iviiiif^i'/im ; tlic rian\ the Story, and tlw Ihwrn. 21 uilli i'^iiiii.iiui' .111(1 lii;^(itr\, till' loyalty ol tin: peasant who is also (icvoiit, is iioi)U'r til. ill 'li..: .it' tlic LourtiiT \vlio-,c ik-votion to the iluiith is another n.mu- lor hi^ sfivile siilijeilion to Ills kin^ ;iii(' his selfish j^reed of j^ain. lUit \\h.iti\ir uc ina\ thinl ol the nioli\i,-, ami t'eelin};s of the reliiitaiit and teni|ioii^int; .\ia(iian> ue i.mnoi i|iustion tli.it, iiolitieally eonsiclereil, in the es(s III tin- I ,ni;li^h ■^oMiiiiiuiit tluir |)o^ition u.is utterly imlefensihle ; ami tilt patieiin' ,iml Iniiemy with whiili the iiio^t of their loimminities were |Kiiiiitleil to e\a(le tliv- |il.iin(si u\i| ol)li;^.uioii-., lan oiiK lie expl uil Iiy the wr.ikiKs^ ol ilu mixrriiimiit ami the Iio|k' that time would hriiiu; a new j;i lur.itioii to a lieiler miml. In the ine.iiilime arti\e inlliiemes were known to lie UsL'd wliiili weic not oiiK lilletl to |iie\enl the so-Lalled "I'rtiuh neutrals' I'loiii t.ikin;^ liie o.illi, luit wliiili tended to alienate them more eoiii- |iletel\ from the |iro\imi,il .lutlioi ities. The most eamlid and kimlK erities of the position w liii li i1k\ assumed, and tlu' leelinL;s whieli tlu\ espressfd. c nuld interpret their persistent relu>als and dekus in no other sense- than as i.\- pressin- tlu' siiiet expectation that tlie\ would \ ei\ soon he ahle to resume thi'ii' old position .Is sulijeits of their old kiii;^, and to render him aeti\e si.r\ iee. II. Ill tlie\ sinipK m.iint.iined an .ittitude of |iassi\f iiuution between the hos- tile forees wliieli pressed on them from either side, their position would ha\e been fir more deleiisihU'. Simple inaetion on their |iart would in .i certain sense h.i\e lieeii justilied in the eyes of the most partial jiuf^es, and their lo\,ilt\ to their .uuestr.il eluireh .iml kiii^ mi;^lil ln\e been its own defense. I lad tlie\ p,issi\el\' resisted the o|iporlunities and the inllueiues which jiressed them to '^ixe aid and comfort to the I'rench cause, llie\ nii^lit in the course of these \e,us h,i\e won the iimlideiue of the colonial authorities .md dis|ielled their fe.irs at this critical hour. I nfortiinately the e\ idence is o\ erw lielmim; tli.it their .Ittitude hail been an\ tiling but an altitude of actual. e\en thou-li an unwillim; iieutr.ilits. 'I'liey xwre in a coiueiiient .md most lemplim,; posi- tion, of which the\ lreel\ a\aileil tlieiiiseU es, to send aiii|ile supplies to the 1-reiuli lortress ol l.oiiisbuii; so lorn; as it stood, and after it h.id been restored. I'oiistant e\ iilence wis furnished that cattle .uul other iro\ isions had been taken across the border to their kinsfolk ;ind couiitr\inen who were known to be in arms aL;ainst the lim;lish colony. NKtreover. within the peninsula itself, on the other side of what was conceded by sufferance to be liviiiijulni,- ; (lie I'ituc, the >/(>n\ iiuJ tin /Win llu IxM-air Iiiu- iKtuiiii tin I M-li-li .m.l I i.iuli .uillu.nts. ..n.l uitlim tlu' UrliU- di-tiKt- .It tlu lu.ul .'I llu H.is. llui. un. th..u>.miU .>! tin ii own r.kc iti .>|hm .ilU-i.iiui' to tlu- luiuh mt.u^t, ,iiul m .utivr -^v iiiiutl»\ with i\i.r\ lio>tili.' |il.iM iir iiKAriiunt .i^.iin^t tlu liiiii;^ii .iu;^r».>>>in A 111.U .uvl l.imiid.il'U' loitri-> u,i-< wii^tnu ti^l '<\\ tlu- ImikIiT liiU' uitliiu N,i\,i Sioti.i UmIi. irom whuh .m ,iM. .iiul .K ii 1 iuiat>l i . i U -i.i-tu i>-uril lll> onk|•■^, Uhuh Ullc lUUU' tlU' 1' -> InllUul.lhK .liul (tUitlVC lui.lU-l' thc\ Will, -ii.ilthv .iiul iiU'ti iiiui- rill- 1 M li >i.i-tu Ii.k! .iNo ii.tiitK cllniti! tlic i\iiui\,il iii .1 tliiiu-.m.l \i. nil. Ill- lilt" tlu -.i-i.illc.l liiii.li triiitMi\. luil .ilmu- 1>\ ,iiiin..iliii^ to tluir ri'li-iMii- ,111. 1 imIiimH. inliii--, hut li\ luiniiiv^ tlu- liiui-i.'- '•! .Ill i-iitiii.' m1I,i;^c llu- iiii.i>iiin w.i- I'lii ot tlu- i-\tii-iiu--t ' iun---it\ , .iiiil tli.it iHa---it\ w.i- luioiniiv^ iium- lAtniiu iiiulir tlu- di-- (.iiura^in^ ,i-|Hit nl the l.iv^li^h i.iu-i- 111 llu- I nilnl i hIimiii.--. \\'( li.ue I luinur.iti-il ,it -iiiiu Kii^tli tlu tli.ir.ulu ut tlu- iri-i- wluii it w.i^ -u;^L;i--ti.-il li\ llu rt-nhitr nun who h.iil ili.n;^c nl llu- ;^ii\ > iiinu lit that i.uiKl >.()hini-i> ,it |-ji-li-h >tu.k la iiuiiu 'li.itrU tr.iii-Uirni to \<.uli.i, or uaiKl the ! reiuli iMliiiii--t- Ix- ili-tiiliuteil .1111. 'H- tlu- j-.n-li-h -ittK-iiu lit--, till- ilitluultie- uliiih eiii!Mri,i--i-il tlu -u\eiiinunt ini;^lit In n\ iri uiiu-. it w.i- m \.iin til liii|K III]- a -pruK inn-iatiuii timn \i w I-.n-l.iinl. 'riu-re ua- I. Ill much tu W.w aiul m,|-\ littU- to hope toi li\ an inliahit.mt ol New iai^l.iiul. a- a iiiotise to iiuliue linn to lu-Kiine oiu nt an eiiii;^r.itiiio ioloin 111 No\a ^M>tia in tlu iier^hhoihood of I.oiM-hur-. .iiul with tlie eveii eh.uue that No\a s^iiia ini^lil aL:ain Ihioiiu-, .i- it luul ollui lieiii hetore, a 1 reiuh mi|oii\ 'llu- e\i-(-iu\ \\a- iii-tant .iiul iiii]u-iuliii;4. .-i -iiu^le t,il-e move mi-ht lie latal, .iiul a -lUic-^-Uil n-iii- or iin.t-ioii m iioitlurn No\a Seotia mi-ln li: latal to u'ltii.il nuneiiuiit- m |iro-|iea ,ir m ]i|-(n;re^s on the M. I.awieiue aiul I..iki ( h:iiu|ilaiii I he other alterii.iti\e \\a- ailo]ilr,l II,,- l.oM mc■.l■^nre wa-- t.ikeii ol' tr,in-i,orim- the mh.ihit.ml- of -i\rral \illa-e- from their home- to the mot-c- im|H,rtant of the l-.n-li^h ..iloiiie- .ai the Ailantii ( oa-t, li\ uini|ianies o lar a- umifort .ouhl he .oiKei\ed a- jiosMlile, in the .-elmmi-tnition of a measure -o dire ,nid dre.ulhil a- tin- extreme alternative eiifoned by what \va> eoneeive.l to lie a miliiarv neee-Ht\. diic iiuaMirc /''vinifrffinr : the rime, tin- Story, luui the /Win. 23 was intlicd cxtiiiui' .tiid vioKiii. M.iin jii(li;i;>i uoiild primoiincc it iiuK- fonsibli- riic Aiailians uirc regarded .md inatcd a~. prisdiicr-. nf war, who h.id, li)i mull' ill. Ill tliiriN \Lars, pcrsiNtciilly rcfiiscd to discharj^c the iinivur- sallv irt()L;iii/i'd obligations of tlic inliahitaiil^ of a lotKiucrcd territory, |iidmiiiriil ,1111(111;^ uiiicli i>i the oliligatioii ritluT to tciuk-r allci;iaiKi.: to tlio riiliiv^ |)oui'r or to lia\i tin.' coiiiUi). lUii ohliuatioii^ ol' tliis kind, ol)vi(His a-^ tlu\ M\\ and -.iiiiiiiiariiv cntorcid .i^ tlicv iiiii^t ln' at times, seem to our li(,iil-> no jii^titKatioii lor the huriiin;,; of villa^e^ and the \viu)ie>ale trans- poilatioii ol loiiiiiuiiiiiics. riuri' i-> no L\id(iui' in the official doiuiiRiit^ or it poil^ that the onlers of till' eoloiiial .mllioritii^ were enfoiied uiili any ^peci.il l)arl)arity. 'I'here i>, luiwrvrr, aliundaiU i\idLiiii' that --irIi mea-.iiii> iiiii^l necessarily iiave l)een exei iili'd liv -^uiiiiii.iiA |)roi( rdin,i;s, iiunKin,:^ ha>t\ alarm, ami uli.il would set-Ill to lie l).iil).irou-. uiielts — if tliey uere to lir t\i.'ciited at all. So -.oon as the \f---eU wliiili were destined to ti.in--porl the unliap|)\ Acadiaiis, they knew not whillur. .ip|)e.ui-d lioserin;^ .il)oul the lo.ists, alternately coinin;.;' anil ,u<>in,i4 with the surj^in;^ and retre.itiiii^ tides, the inh.iliitants had doubtless be^un to t.ike the .il.uiii .iiid to bi- more or less distracted b\ undelimd terror. .\s det.u linunt-. of troops mo\rd upon one .uul .iiiother ol the \illaj;es wliiili were coineiiient to the front or ne.ir the I-reiuh liiUN on the north, the dwellers h.id lied in .1 bodv. .md pl.u ed themselves beyond the reach ol capture. In the xilla^^e of ( ir.md I'rc. either because the movement was \ er\ e.irlv or pmbablv because the -^itu.ition ua-. less tavorable tor escape, the men obeveil the summon^ to rep.ur to the chunh cii iiidssr, ostensibly to receive some communication hum their m.istcrs. 'I'liey had no sooner bi'eii collected th.m they were surrounded by troo|)s ami held ;is iirisonei'^ ol war, ami inlormeil th.it thev were to be transported on the inst.mt with their t.imilies to the lini,disli colonies. Little time was i,Hven to them to collect their wives anil children, and neither time nor o|)iiortunit\ were attordeil lor the disposal of their inov.ible jiroperty. Their c.ittle were necessarily left behintl; man\ of the members of their families h.id naturally tied in terror at the first alarm, alon;4 the unfenced and bewilderini; meadows. Many of those who heanl in their hidini; places the awful tidings, were either so palsied by fear that they could not return to their homes, or their eyes 24 Eviuigiiiiif : till- /Viur. the Story, tuui the /Wm. were l)liiulL'il l)s ilc^pair. m) that like lust iluMnn llii\ ituiM iii>t tiiul tluir kiiulri'il. A-, a L()nsri|iK'n(.i-, ot tin iiuinlui> ol tlic s.mu' l.imii\ M>iiif iiiii^lit l)c aihl wtTc tran>|M>ilnl to Mass.Kliwclts ; otluis tn IV iins\ Uam.i, ainl otlur^ to rn.'orj;ia. I'n liiii-li tin-- ^h.l|ltl^ nt horruis. .i^ tin nuii uitr in. mind in Milii'ii iK'^iMir 111 till- \L>siU iMti> wliuh tin a uin ini\\ li.ul tolloued the example ol the 1 ren* h eulesi.isti. I .< I.outre, uhi> srenis to li.i\c i„tii the inspiniv^ mniu, i.t niiuh i\il to the iinli,ipp\ \uidi.ins, and anions other ol his eriiel and imperious .uts, h.id limiM It (hsii,,\cd th, li,,us(s ol a thousand ni order to Mmiiiel them to emigrate uithm his ,,un liihs. |t is m.t iinprohahlc that this .Kt ol uanton ouelt\ had su-i^estid to tlu- l.n-lish .uithorities the thou-ht of iVMirtin- to a similar me.isurr, |lu- l.i> t ilhistrat. s ,,t ome the stress ol the limes ami the .le-p,T.iic Juira^er ot tlu ^..mlui iKlue.ii the |iarties. it Is to l,c iv-reti.d that thr doamiriit. are s,,n.,uliat suint\ and in- definite m their details n| the nhiduits ,.,nm.ud uiih tin. .nior.ed .nil.. ra- tion. So far as thisc doaiiiunt- and reports lurnish an\ (Aidemc tliev '■■'inpel Us to con. hide the I rm.l. ueie Kit to ,are lor th. inselvs alter thes ''•"' ''^^^■» l'">'l''l .': their port. ,,f d. si, nation, and tie.iud like volnntars emigrants, u ho had been provided uitl, m, e,|uivalenis tur their homes o'r "^''^'- I""i-«.^. .uid received little .,u,nti.,n or sM,ip,ithv ex.ept su.h as the -ant pity o| tho^e times uould permit und. r the sires. ,.t prualion ,ind uar. it would he inl.reslin- i,, kii,,u from i, ri^ale joiirn.ils ,iiid puhln lu-us- P.>l'ers how these lorlorn strangers ,uid de-tmUe eiiii,r,.nts uere looked upon ^uid tre,aed as ihev ueie di^har^ed upon the ulurves at Mo.i.m, \eu Nork •"• •''^"■""■^'l'''-. Allthenoii.esandmemon.ds „f th,. .,,i uhi.h we have a-patheln ,md ton, h,n, to the 1,m .le.ree. it is evidem llul the udonial -^l''-t.es d,d ,,oi uvleo,,,e iK.n uilh a,n .peeial u.rdialilv,as likeU to add -ther to the i„dusi,.,al or mo.-al .in:n,Ui o, U.eir u.niiiionwealths. and that liviiu^cliiu- : the P/ace, the Story, mJ the /Wm. 25 tlu> nui.i liavr riKar.lccI thcnsclvcs as only strariKcrv It is estimated that son..' three th,.usan.l in all were lan.le.l aii.i .jistril.ute.l at .litt. rent ports al..nK the Atlantic c.mm. ( )| the.e it 1. o.n.pute.l that lu.. thoiisan.l M,.,ner nr later retiiri.e,| f. their native and l.eh.ved Acadia. S.. s.,„„ as (jiiehcc w.is ca|.tiire.l and the s,i|,r.MKKv of liniilaiKl was established in the northern IM..M,,..., dure Meined i,, 1,.. „,, tiirlher ol.jectinns. and no hindrances t<. the "lii'ii ol the lunilives. Ih..ii^h in th.ir poverty and isolation they iiuist h.>v sullered luaiiN hardship, in their transit from citv to city, .md throii^h tin loi.i^ sea vo\a,.;es in su. h tishniK and lia.lin- vessels as they could hnd, the ta.t is m.t discreditable to the inhabitants of the iaiKlish colonies, that tuo- thirds o! these pris.meis o( uar tound their way back a^ain to their old homes, an.! that it is compntcd tint ,,| the inhabitants of uhat was Acadia, some one hundred thous.md .ire .it presnit of the Acadi.m stock. Of those who did not iv.uh tluir old |,.„nes, .,nd .lid not die of their wanderings, some weiv sent in the kindness ,,f .Soutlum (..lonists to the j-rench West India Isl.md., .md s.,nu- uciv befriended and found home, with their co-reli,Miomst. in M.irvl.md, .\ consider.il.le number also made new h.mies l..r theniseKes in I .ouisj.m.i, b\ f.i\,,r of ilu' Sp.mish ,i;overnmer.t. and doubt- less here .md then' one est.d.lislied .1 solit.us houselu.ld .mion- stran,uers to his linea-e and f.utli in the bus\ p,,rts of the I'n-lish colonies.*^ In iud.i;in- (.f ihi-, transaction we ou,i;hl not Ui for.L;et that such measures, however hum.mels .i.lministered, cm never seem other than needlessly cruel. Iiuoluntary emi-r.ition, espc.i.dly of l.iiMe communities, invariably breaks many hearts, ami destroys Inmdretis of hapjiv homes, | he needUil severities of the law ot iiro|iert\, even when enforced in the spirit of strict and unbribed justice, furnish the materia! in disappointed hoi)es and severed .issoi i.uions tor thousands and tens of thous.uids of tlonieslic tragedies, liven so recently as the year 1825. ihous.mds of families were dri\en out from their homes and *S,-U,lions from the fiiNic ,Uiim,;ih ,;/ l/ie fr.ni'hf of \,t,i .S.v/i,,, ,;///,:/ h Tluoiuu /.'. Alkim, D.C.I.., (ommissioner of I'liMw A',;orJ, //„/i/,i.\, \. .V., C/i,in'rs .liiiuvni, /'iiNiilio. 1S6,). llislon of .-l.-.i./u, from its /ir.-f Ji>Yo;ri\ to it> siinenj.r to l-.n^^UiiiJ h (he Trr,tt\ of /\iih, /i fjmes //•iii'iiiy, .St. Johns, .Xew lirunr.oi^k. iX'^i). The n-J imt'i aii,l the while imtii in Xoilh Ameiiej. from its Mseorerv to the present time, hv Geori^e f:. lillis, Jloston, l.itlle llrown U- Co. iSSj. The .te.iMiin fxi/es, or /-leneh Xeutni/s in J'ennsuranhi, h Willuxm />'. Kee,i, memoirs of lli,i, Soe. of f'enn\\/:itniii. Col. /'/.. /'hiliiJe'/'hiii. iSjiO. 26 livdHi^c/iiit- ; tilt- Place, the Story, ami the /Win. tlu' h()iiK'> itl' thcii' ,nui>tnr> m the nmili nt SiolLiml .il llir oitlir ol ilu'ir k'lulal iiriiprii'tDr, in ordri' to iiKiki' iHDin lur ^lK^|l-l,l|■m^ ; ,iiul tlii'ir hoiisrs wrrc huriu^l o\ir llirir hcuU il llu\ rclu--i'il to nio\r within \.\\n months to ihr --i.uUn hoKhui^s iVoni wiiiiii lhi.\ touM c.irn no suttkiiiit lixrlihoiul. ll.ivin;^ licconu' laniiliar with thr I'l.u c .iiiil Storw ur ,irc thr hitter pri'iLUid to \\u\'^c ol' .uiil a|ipii.'u,Ui; the I'oiin, The e\enl> whi^h \u- iia\e ->ket>hi.| louKl harilK tail to make a 'more or Ie>> deep ^nllre-^■^ion upon tiie -eneration whi.h uitne->eil them. Not i \k\\ ol" the s,)l,lidN ol Win-low > umnnaiul who ■^mioiui.led the ilunxli at (,ran.' I're. an.l hurrie.l the ini>eralile |in>oiur. li\ tlu' haxonet uito the l.oat- whuii awaile.l them on the shore, uuisi h,i\e M|t,ii irverted to the si,ne ol horror with nianv a s.i.l releiiim- siu h a- tlu\ >ouKI neither repress n.ir eoneeal. Narrow a- u.re the suupathies an.l tenaeious a- were the preiudiees ,,| tlu- l.n-lish eolMnists, ihev uiuKl not luit he alle, te,| hv the pitc'.uis stors ol liiese Acadian Milterers, a- it wa- told at inanv a liresuh' hv tho.e who partiupate.l ;n the tirst a. t ol harm, or sulweqiuntlN .ame into m,,re or hs, dire> t p. r-onal contaa with some of thes, ..rrowm- and homeless wanderers. |,v,n the Mem New lavJ.iMder, wiio lud heen tairju Iron, his ...rh,.., .h.Mhood to shrink iron, a deNotee of ih,s . hun h as a dweller m darkn.-s. .,„ild not hut '"■ ~"'''""' '" ^^"M'•'t^^ .>s lu Iwlened to ,1,. uh ,„ .,,„,, ,,„, .,| these forlorn exiu,, who l,.,d „„,ud the p,u ,,M, l,„,,n s,,.,,,,,].^,, ,a ,1,, N,„,h ••-"I n, l;,.t,„, orlau, Mr,,„ded ,a \.,vp,,rt ,,r \. w Ilase„, Ihe iMritan, it ^l-'Uild aho h, -nKinhuvd.althou.h he lMd.„ne>.esMts a hard s,de toward '^"■^'' "'"• ''""■'■'■'' "■'"" I'"" '" 1"^^-- ..I the ( hristi,,,, truth, h.id alwav. '^■" •'"■!"■ -'^M-tlHe- l..r th.,. whom he „„ind wo.mded and helpless hv "" "•'""'' ■""'" ^^■' •''-'- "-' "I 'iH 1 s.uuantan m hi. heart '"" ''^ ''■" '"•' "•'■''•^ ""■ " "- N- l-.iand .,Mi..,. under .olonel ''"'■■^^ ''"'"'' ^^''•'■■^^'-''-'■■"J'"-l>.p..ntl,emwnhares„|,„_,,„-, •"'■^ '"""■'" ■■"-I'Uu^.tk.ir thusa,.!,.,,,. , ,,„.,,, ^., „,,,,, ,,^. "'"• ^"^'^ '""" •' ^'■"- "' "--n-l-arted ^Mup,,,,,, „, ,1„. \>,„li anM < hiMi", n w! Man women '\'i"ni I'liir hiidund. and hrotli, r. 1, , 1 i , ■ loiiiii^ li,i,l ,,, MimmariK dii\en troni their h.iii,,--. "' ""• ""'i ■'- '•■■■ '■' ^...M »1M,I, -U,0,. „ „,,„,„., „,„„ livaugcliuc : llic Plaa\ the Stofy, nud the Poem. 27 Hay of I'unil\. It would l)c certain to be repeated with manifold variations and often with the iiitensest feeling by the fishermen and "coasters," who for -eneralion^ have plied in all its waters. Scores of other histories of ad\enture and cruclts, a^ i> well known, swarm to this day in the memories and iual the brains of ii^ excitable and imai^inalive population. I'rom the i'cnob^cot to Labr.idor this coast is all alive with stories and sii^'uestions ol Indian surjjriscs; of ha/anloiis escapes; of piratical and freelxxitiii!..; ad- \cnluics; of lawless in\-.isions ; of daylii^lu attacks and midnij^ht ort,Mes ; of the mssifrioLis bmi.d of accursed treasure, ;uid of the still more mvsterious and uusuices-^ful efforts to reco\er it. I'.csides these, there .are not a few otlur narr.ilives ol the more di-nified and iniposim; movements ;md the lormal sieves of regular and n.ition.d u.ufare. I'.ul amoii!;- all these stories none could take precedein e, lor its many ima;^inati\e and emotional elements, ol the tale of the simple .\cadi.uis of ( irand Pre. d'he few but eloipient relics ol the buinl \illa-f, which would now ;ind then present themselves, could not l.iil to touch the luail of every \isitor of the scene; and the more im|iressively. b\ reason of the be;mly and fertile luxuriance of the sun-oundinj^' kuidscape, and sei\c to keep ali\e the t^Mulci-est remembrances of the lrai;ic e\enl uhiih h.id there l.iken ].lace generations before. The illitenite .mil n.u-row .\c.ulians, if they could read no hislor\ from the j)rinted y^'^'c, coidd ne\cr lorc;et the stor\- of the events of horroi' .md of h.ite which had befallen their aiuestors and kindred, be-imiin- with tlie tireadful surprise of the first d.i\ ol terror, tlirou;,;h the we.irv d.iv s and \ ears of uanderin!.;- and exile whicli h.id brou-lit tlicin at l.ist to their ilesol.itcd homes, to renew their soi'row and tliei|- h.ile. Sonu' ol these ti.tditions must have e.u'K .ittracted the attention, kindled the ima-in;itioii. and moveii ihe he.ut ol Mr. Lon;.^ fellow in his childhood ;uul Nouth. I lis birlhpl.ue ;md e.uK home were at Portland, which is closely connected witii .ill iIk- co.isi lu'vond, and whose |)opukition must of necessity be .dive to its p;isl hisioi\ and its piesenl interests. I lis first .\merican ancestor met his death b\ di'ow niii!,;' near .\nticosti. a ilesolate ami foii)iddin}^ island oil the southern co.isi of Labi'ador, .md his own readin_>;" and thoughts wei'c e.u'lv dii\'cti'd b\ "natui'.d |iii't\ " to the stornn w.iters and foL;i;\' coasts which stretch fir toward the e.ist and north. Had he searched for a theme 28 EvtUigclinc ; the Phnc. t/ic Story, aiiii the IWm. which would kindle a [uirt> l.inc\ and move a luiit-. hearl his attention would naturallv have been arretted 1)\ this uieinoraMe sloi\, \\hethei it h.id been easuall) su>;;^ested in his traxeU or iiis readiiiL^, or the tiaditions which he heard at the hresiile. Moreo\er, the suua whiJi ue lia\ e leciled had n;it I>een wholly unknown to literature, lieloie the -itted I.on^tellow selected it as the theme lor J-Aan-eliiie. liie eloquent AMie l\a\nal/ in a work ol hrilliant tliou;^h ambitious elo.juence. had told the stois ol ilu' unhap|>\- Acadians with no little s\ niiiatli\. and dejMCted tin u' iina-med lia|i]i\- loiKlition lit pastoral and i'rimili\e innoaiice with not a Imle poetic teelin'^. It is ot' little import whether or not his work m -eneral i- written witli a s,.l,i'r spirit and a sound philos,i|,h\, ,,r \slietlier it is cs^ciuialK unphilos,,|ihu ,il in its theoiy antl unhi^tori^ in its narrati\e. It ^a\e to literature .\\\ i.kal piaure ot a sim])le people, who h.ul tor -eneration-^ dwelt .iparl lioni the corruptions ol uvili/ed s,Hiet\ in almost prinies.tl mn.Keiue and iK^ue. and upon whom Nature had lavished her nio-t abundant trcisuies o\ land and se.i. .it tlu- le.ist cxjKiise ot' labor and torethou-lit. Ihe picture of their umdition and the story ot their late mi-ht both have been ..verdrawn: but it w.is .,t once attrac- tive and ehuiuent. .md it was a uni.|Ue ac-iuisUion to the treasures of i,iu;^,n.itive sentiment. I'he di.tm^ui.hed hi--nrian of the Tnited States who knows well how f. enliven the snber pn„e oi historx with brilliant .md moMU:; pictures lor the ima,in,u,on. had lollowed the elo.,uent K..nal m .. still m„re vivid ,.ml touch- 'n^ delineation of the beautiuil luc and luppv comlit.„n o, thn simple people belore the s„Klen strnke fell upon them. ^ """■ '"■"■'^ ''"-'^ ^--' •-" ^'- 1-He„f Itiveht. the^ |tlle ireiuh Neutrals! h..d been n,r,„tten or neglected, .md lud prospered ,„ their se, lu- ^'"■■•"■'^''•'^'-^■'-1^ thurn.ord. and re.ul.aed tluir .1. , ession- I'ttlc dl.putes ..,,, .,,„,„, ,„„„„_^ them.eive. .1,1, I-.n-li-h .aulhnrity at Amnp,,!.-.. PI,,- •ind il.Mks; ,,„.! ,lii,,.. "Ut the river, and the tide lleir 11 -i.irteU (ine .ipjie.il to P''-^tiire, Wire covered with their herds '■'"-'1 1'^ cxtr,,.,rdiiuiA eii;,rts .,f .,„,.d imlustrv. shut "■'"" .■lllll^ial m.u-hes of exubei.uu fertilitv. The •//;/,., /,; livaugcliiic ; flic I'/acc, the S(oy\\ ami tlic Poem. 29 m '•••ulows. tluis rcclaiinccl, were covered by ricliest grasses, or fields of wheat, tliat yielded thirty and fifty fold at the harvest. Their houses were built in dusters, neatly cnstrurted and comfortably furnished; and around them all kind, of domestic fouls abounded. With the spinnin-uhecl and the loom, lli.ir women made of tlax from their own fields, of tleeces from their own tl'Hks, warm but sufficient clothin- The few forei-n lu.xurie. that were cov- eted could be obtained fi-om Annapolis or I.oui.bur- in return for furs or wheat or cattle. "llappv in their neutralitv, the .Acadians formed as it were, one ,t,Teat l.iinily. Their morals were of unaffected puritx'. Love was sanctified and calmed by the universal custom of early marriages. 'Hie nei-hbors of the comiiuinity would as^i^t the new couple to raise their cotta-e on fertile land, whiih the wildernos freelx offered. 'Iheir numbers increased; and the colony, uhich had Ik-uu a. the tradin- station ,,f a compain with a monopolv of the tiir trade, .ounted perhaps, Nixteen or >eventeen thous.ind inhabitants.' •'= It IS ol little import whether or not tlioe pictures of the life and lot of the ,\c;uhan> are exact as history or whether the ar-uments, for or a-ainst the procedure ,,f their bji-li^h inaster>, which they su^-est or contain, are or are not c,m\iiuiii,-. [t is enou-h for us to notice that they were incorporated into literature bef.i. Mr. 1. on-fellow cmposed his poem, and one if not iioih these delineations mi-ht have served to stimulate his imagination in the choice .uul treatment of his theme. Hut the more dehnitelx we can trace the lii>iorv of the>e ori!.;inal sui;.^es- tion> which wire the r.iw m.iterial of hi. work, the more wonderful seems the rich and \aried product into which he lia> wrou-Iu thi. material. It is for this re.iMin ami this only that we have endeavored to conceive this material as It was -athered into his niiiul and memory before he be-an to fuse anil recast it. Of the modern Poems which mav have aided him bv anv su--es- ti.ms, one (udy deserves to be named, vi/., '• I/cniiaiiii i/in/ Doroflica: by Coethe. in two or tliiee particulars this remarkable |)oem mav have been of service to the author of l-van-eline. We notice first and foremost its idyllic character, and the stren-th and tli-nity with which it conceives the incidents * c;. luin,>, ol luimhlt.' life: sccdiuI, iho similar cxpcriciur of .i coiiiniuiiit\ (!n\cn out Irom tlu'ir homes on .kiouiit ot' tluir rcli-ioiis f.iilh : lliinl, the coiUia>tccl ami pitlurcsquo intn\ -t of a talc of love in liuiuliK' life; and toiirtli, the Mieee->tul Use of the hexameter veise, an a.lmualile vehiJe for the tle- hneation of -iiiiple manneiN ami dome->tK lo\e. We eannot suppose I.on^fcllou to have been unae(|uamte.l with thi> poem, nor knoum- it, not to liave heeii instructed ami animated hv it- \aneil su--e>ti\ eiiess ujuii he had eonecJM'd the thou-ht of I'van-eline, and puipoMd to u>e the Aeadi.m .tory a^ a pni'tk theme. The skill with whkh I Used and applied the resources of his theme cannot he eas.iv .werpr.used. Ihe :;emus whuh led hiin to set apart I'van.^eliiU' as the central figure, and t- hold her ex er in tlu' foiv^^iound .,f the succes.ne scenes throu-h whidi he leads her m her patient Imt sad ,ind wears pil-rinu:,e, fmds a sMupaihetic response m the mmd and heart ot ever> reader. Tlu- in:,enuii;, ulth uhuh the author .ivaiK him.elf ol the opportunits t.. I'-''"' '''^ ^•"•'^■'' '"'■ •'">! ^' .^IH.de to die divers.hed llls.o,. ot ,he iwijlsh colonies, uhiJi lud l.een pkutted ..Ion, the Atlantu coast, ,.nd sets them m iHaures,,ue ,ind v.iried ..ntrist uith oik another ,md ui,h the ireiKl, and Spanish l„e. uhuh tlourish.d so Uixui lantK on the hanks o, the M,s,ss,pp, ,. -''nn-ahle,nthe.omept,o„,.„U,..,„„, Ihis van.-d vet stnkm.U AmeiK.m clur.uteroMhepoem,.omiiu:mled the poem iron, the .1,.,. „, ,, ,,, ,,„, ,„, '^ '"''^""'" •^■'^'"•' '^^ '^ '- '-'' ■' -'V lor ,t to hundreds of' ,hoUs,.nds «" A.nen.m hcuK P s,,ould 1h rcKinhered that ,u the tunc u he, these ^•^^"^''-'''■'■-'■'■-•''''''--,mal,o,omesh,e, ,eveh,peda.lu^^^^^ ^:''^ ~''"-^^'\'';"— 1 dK -thor u.th .re.it truth ,, ml -kill has m,.de . '" '"^^'"'-tan.... h^ a s.,,,. o| „Ust,,■l^ portr.uts. u |„, 1, ,„, „,, ">'"■'■ -"'aive, the more ,i„ ident.ilh^ thev ,uv ,.,ven 11, l , •' '"'■ .->'\'^"- i he soher student ■ ,;"7:"' :'•'" ^- "'•'"'' "•-■..■:...,. u, ,„„i o ,v,,., V,.. ;:; ; '"'■": '"—"■' """'■" ' ■'" "- .> -n.. .,. ., , ,:, \ ai lei .1 sei'U's i ii i ,i, tin- • r i i ,-„,„„„.,. .,'"■ "'^ ^-■";"- 1....IU.. .„„, ,„„ .1,,. UK. „„„„„,,„,.,,„,, „,,„„„ 1 he pi,em .i„aks lor It,,. I, Ml I " nut 11. ' ^"- ^" '"■""^^ — ^ t" .tsadmirahle si,,,,,,,,,, Evangeline ; the /'/me, t/ie S/ofv, ary to ^i)eak of the elevated conceptions of fidelity to |)li!;hted and cherished lo\e, of ])atience, submission ;ind hope under calamit\, and of faith in ( .od, uliiih aie e\er>\\here set forth in this |)oem. 1 he sweet aroma ol ;^enlle u;ootlness sustainetl and renewed In an unobtrusive faith, ,ue all the more lo\ely when diffused throuoh the lowK \allevs of humble lite, and sjirin- up from the hard and thorn\- ])aths of jirotracted dis,i])pointment ami bitter orief The imposin- rites, the frank confessions, the severe penances, the conlidim^ trust, and the un(|uestionin;^' obedience ol the church of I{\an;^iline — its self-den\ in;,; pricsthootl, and its care for the sick and lorlorn .uid dyin- — the m\stic bond of Christi.m brotherhood, undei' which the lich and poor meet to;^ether as well in its cathetlrals as in its hovels, as truly in it- most el.iborate ;is in its simplest worship — these antl maniloKl other poetic material are used In the poet with skillful effect, from the first j)icture which he L^iws us of cheerful worship in Acadia, to the last tleath scene in a ho-^pil.il, which he dr.iws of ( labriel, mn-sctl 1)\' a sister of chaiit\. Skilltid as l.ont^fellow in man\ other of his poems has shown himself in his Ireipienl use of the .ilumd.mt m.tterial furnished b\ this church for S|)ectacular elfect, lor spiritual ele\,ition and emotional appeals, he h.is nowhere show II himself more completeK a mastei' in this direction than in bAani;eline. The final scene is in some sense a triumph of faith .md hope. While it has more of pl.iintive pathos than of jubilant triumph, it yet lifts the thouo'his ami affections to the purer .and more satislyiuL;' joys of the life immort.d. JMom be^jinnini; to end the reader cannot, if he woidd, and would not if he ct)uld, desire to abate one jot from the strt)n^ antl deep conviction 32 Eviuigf/iiic ; the Place, the Storv. .nn/ the Pocnt. wliich i^atliLMs >tr«.n};tli Irom cncia paj^e' ot' tlii^ (kliinatum <.^i iialicnt submis- sion am! KUirai^tous lite— L;atlurs strciv^th 1>\ what il IitiN on, a\\k\ triiim|ilis at the last. 'Ilurc arc tew ywm^ in whiih t!u' ima,i;iiiation in its tcclinj; s\ni|)ath\- ■'too])> inoie i;ra(.et\ill\ to liie lowliest Ininiility, or in its coiitidcnt ole\ation >oars more naturall\ mlo serajihie hope than it ilocs in tlli^ truly Christian Ul\l. it", as Lord iuKdii ha-' observed, |ioetr\ h.i^alwa\'- |ii^tl\ Wx'W esteemed as hein;^ >omethii\i4 eli\ine. l)eeau->e it ele\ate-> the soul alio\e the meanness, the sordiilness, and the selti^hneN-- ol' realit\. thi-- i-- eniinentU true of muIi a jioeni a-' J-Aanj^eline. All who read it eani'.ot tail to teel that it iionors, di-nitie^, and exalt-- that lo\e ot nature uhiih i- at oiue the ehiete->t and the nio^l sati--t\in^" ot' the deli-hts ot' lite; that it Jieri>lu'-> tho-i- al't'eetion^ to kindred, and to home, which open to u> our ]iuie-'t joN -> ; that :t --tren'^thcns that allei^iance to dut\ which eiinolile-. the meaiu--t and the lowliest condition, and enlorce-' that tru^t in (iod which make-, the d,u'ke--t liour^ ot lite the l)ri;^lite>t. it wa> to the-e noble u-e> ol' the poetic ^it't that the j^reat and i^dod poet, -o latel\ taken trom us ,uid ^o --inceriK mourned, con--ecrated the di\ine ;^it't which he so taithtulK iulti\aicd, ami which he nt\er more lelicitou-l\ applied than in tlu' deli;^luiul iil\l which lia^ tran->t'erred the thoughts anil at't'ections ol' so man\- leaders to the x.dley nt' Ac.idia ,ind the i',a\ dI' I'undw ■■ .X-- till- .iin[.k: miHiii, in thf' (lii-|i siillni -.- c,| ,1 Slimmer vww. Rising; 111 iiind a thick .iiiii lot'tv -riAr, I'liirns like .m iincniNiiinin- t'irr ol' li;^lu In Uii- -rciii trri-s; and kiii'ilinL; ml , ill sides 'Ihirir leaty iiiiikra-c, turns iIk/ ilusi