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MKaOCOfY RBOIUTION TBT CHART 
 
 (ANSI and ISO TEST CHART No 2! 
 
 ^ rj PPLIED IIVHGE In 
 
 a^^ '6e>3 Last Ma>n Street 
 
 ^^S Rochester. New York 14609 [■<^ 
 
 K^ ('16) 482 - 0300 - Phone ^^ 
 
 ^S (716) 288- 5989 -fax 
 
DOMINION OF CANADA 
 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE 
 DOMINION EXPERIMENTAL FARMS 
 
 DIVISION OF HORTICULTURE 
 
 VEGETABLE GARDENING AT HOME 
 AND ON VACANT LOTS 
 
 W. T. MACOUN 
 
 Doxnmioo Horticulturist 
 
 CIRCULAR No. 14 
 
 .lAXTJAKV. |!>lf. 
 
 Published by authority of Hon. T. A. Crerar. Minister orAgriculture. Ottawa Ont 
 37000-1 
 
Vegetable Gardening at Home and 
 on Vacant Lots. 
 
 ll> W. T. .Macci.n, Uiiiniiiii.ii llorticiilturift. 
 
 It i». to h,. I,„,„..l thiit th.. iiit..nM:itH,ii .•ni.t.ii.inl in thi- |,.,m,,i,U.t will prove a. 
 UKtul Kiilde U< tllu^e who desire tu 1,. wii. ^ardiiiinji. .,i,d !,.• of some Gallic eve,, to thoM 
 wM(. Jiiivo already had cjcpfriuiia-. 
 
 It i» not now -r. n.'wssary to niiplia.«i/i. tii.- k.«l uihw „i viv.tal.l.s. With the 
 rii-e 111 the price of iii.at and thmuKh th.. order.-, of ih.. Food Coi.trolh.r iniin.v p,r.ons 
 hav,. ro,lii<Td the quant. tv umiI. have eafei, more v.p.lal.le, an.l have lelt the bettor for 
 It. Ihep. 1^ al-o n inueh ureater appr-KJation of the -npcrior quality of tho.-o taken 
 dir.ctl.v troiu the (fardeii, and if taken from oiir own t'arden the relish i.s still kr. ner. 
 
 Situation of the Garden. 
 
 Jn .itie, and towns there is often no choi.e in regard to the situation of the home 
 garden, it !> the back of the lot or nothinp. If larj-'e tree, surround this lot or are even 
 alonjr one «ide ot it, KHnleiiiiiK will be more dittieult and miiel, le., >atisfaetory than 
 when there i, n<,ne. Trees exhaust the soil of moisture and plant food and their 
 <hade often afTeet> the .-rop adversely. Kveii where there are tree«. however fair 
 Mioeess ma.v be obtained with short sen«on <rops su.-li a> lettu.e. radish, and spi'naeh 
 whieh ean bo (frowi, ..arl.v in the sprinjf or in the autumn when the urrouth of trees is 
 not yer.v aetive. The par.leiis made on vaeaiit lots have not usuallv to eonto .d with 
 the diffieiilties eaiised by the proximity of trees, henee the results there are often better 
 than in tlie home parden. In the country the pardeii >hould be ns near the hou-e as 
 possible Hiid warm, well-drained .soil should be ehovn if tlier>. i> -ueh It is usunllv 
 the women ..f the farm liousehol.l wh.. look after the pardeii. hrnee thinps should be 
 ninde as convenient for them as p.,>,ible. However, it is better to eultivnte n few rows 
 cf pnrden vepetables in the fields with the root e,op.. than to havi- no parden at all. 
 
 Preparation of the Soil. 
 
 To pet the best results, the soil >ii(,iild be broiiyht into good tilth. When bepinning 
 ildiinp in cities and towns, it is often found that many difficultie.- have to be 
 •vercome before the soil is in really pood eoiidition. Old cans, stones, bricks, pieces 
 of wood, broken toys, and many otli.r thinp- mii-t be removed or buried so deeply that 
 they will not be troublesome. Then it often liapi ens that the subsoil from the "cellar 
 of th.. house ha- been thrown over the yard in order to level tii( pround. This is 
 Somctiiues of prent depth. Thi- sub.soil is usually either a stiff clay or sniid. Clav 
 while it will pive more hard work, is usually a much better material to start with than 
 sand. If there is mueli coal ashes in the yard, most of them should be removed 
 iiltopether or buried in one corner. .\ litte ashes mixed with the clay will help to 
 make it more friable or more open, but then- i= little [ilaiit forwl ii, coal .ashes and th.re 
 -hould bp a mininuim of them in pood pnrdeo -oil. A mixture of -and atid clay will 
 help to make the soil of a better I'on-i-teney tlian is either one of these alon(>. .\n 
 application of llnie to clny at the rate of about two tons p^r a<-re. or about KM) pounds 
 to a parden i'> ly 40 feet in -ize. or even half that (|uaiitity. and thorouphly mixed with 
 tlie elav. will help in breakinp it up, but the mo-t important thinp of all i- the manure. 
 r.TfMKi — 2 
 
prcftrabl.v nttpd muiiure if it piin !«' olitaimd Fifty ton* per niTr i* ii..tii« too heavy u 
 dreMing. W'Uvu >|>ri'ad on the Kround lipforr diinriiitr in if <-nu lip frnni flinv tn four 
 inc'he» thirl* withmit thrre heinff too niiicli. Thi. slicilil In- will worknl tlinuirli th" 
 u|ipor foot of Krouuil whcflicr i. hp good loil, clay nr f .nd. If tlir innniire i* -trnwry ii 
 -hniild l>c well Aug ill -II tliut thf straw v.-ill not br pulled out wlipii tli.- «oil i-i riikcd. 
 With a htiuy aiimi.il ii|ipli(«tion of •namire oven the poon-st soiU •an bi- niaiK' to jriv«> 
 ij'ood ntunis prcivi.jiii;; tlirrr is p\iftiriciit iiioisturo in the soil which in many citic* and 
 towii> ooTi be npplii'd artiticinlly. WIiiti- ho water is available, vory ctrawy maniiri- 
 applii'd to licbt -oiU is apt to uihIm' tlioni too loose and they dry out ca-ily and BCfl 
 dors not (fcrminatp well, henrn well rotti><l manure in much better foi . irli -nils if it i- 
 arailable. The rolliiijt of liijlit ils whe:. strawy tnaniirc has been ii- d Hill bo foun>l 
 uieful in brin(jin« the moisture to the surface and hantcning the roltinir ol the straw . 
 The (freitt aim shuild be to (jet the soil into sue.h a condition evontublly that it will 
 neither bake nor beionie hard in a dry time nor <lry out readily, and Ixjih of tbe-i 
 conditions will be brounlit about by the libernl use of mnnuro which add- jilant food in 
 an easily available form and helps to form liiinuis which i« -o e-sontial to u kooiI 
 physical i-ondition of the soil. Clay scils should not be dug when they arc very wet n- 
 rhey will bake badly . Hy wiiitinjj until they are fairly dry they can b. worked mucli 
 better. 
 
 A spade, a lioe, a (lardin rake, and a dijrsinff fork ni. the four chief tools needed 
 in (Tardinin^. Narrow hoes and rakes, or Well made children's tools. li\it with Infj 
 handles, are best for small sanUns. In stifT clay it may be found neei-ssary to use 
 the hoe after the eoil has bt»Mi du« iu order to break it down, so that the rake ean be 
 used advantaueously. The rake is now ured to level the soil and to pulveri/e it stil! 
 more. The surface .soil s uld be made as level, smooth and finp a* jiossible. If th- 
 soil lor two or three inohes down i? in sfood condition, a iiuiek germination of llio seeil 
 will usually be assured. For be-t results, the surface soil should l>e kept loose and free 
 of we<>ds by means of the rake and hoe, during the summer months. 
 
 Planning the Garden. 
 
 Varietlea to be sown (early in spring), beets, carrots, lettuce, onions, parsnip.-, 
 peaa, radishes, kohl-rabi, garden cress, salsify, spinach, parsley and leeks. Seed sown 
 iu hot-beds, but plants will stand some frost, eabbaKe, cauliflower, eeiery. 
 
 Varieties to be sown vafter danger of frost is over, unless prot<iti<l), beans, com. 
 cueuinbtTs, melons, potatoes and squash. Seed of late cabbatje is nut sown I'util May 
 but tic plants will endure frost, and seeds of swede turnips should be i lat. , 
 
 though turnips will stand frost. Seed sown in hot-beds, but plants will not stanc. frost, 
 melon-, tjiu-plants, peppers, tomatoes. 
 
 Some plants nxiuire a much longer sea.-un than others, hence in planning the 
 ijardi n this should be taken into consideration. 
 
 It is desirable that a small vegetable garden should be arranged with a view to 
 having a good assortment and a continuous supply. It should be plann"d so that 
 vegetables having a long growiiiR season, such as beets, carrots, parsnips and onions, 
 would be grown at one side or end of the garden so that there would be no rows 
 ■scattered here and there to make the garden look patchy during late summer. A small 
 bed of aspara^tis nnd some rhubarb rootfc are desirable if the garden is to be permanent, 
 and tliese should be put about a foot and a half from one of the boundaries. 
 
 Veiretaliles can be planted much closer in a garden than imder field cultivation 
 where most of the work is done with horses. 
 
 Following is a suggested arrangement of a small garden about 3.^ x "0 feet, but 
 many other plans could be nuide. Xo provision is made for paths, but if a narrow 
 path is found necessary it can be put in where it seems most convenient. The seeds of 
 the kinds to be sown earliest are sown in one part of the garden and the later sowings 
 and plantings in the other, so that the eround can be newly worked if necessary for the 
 
Inter •owitiK*. The vaoant lot »rHrdfn« iirr iiMinlly Hi by 100 or 80 h.v JOO feot in area. 
 Hy oonsulfinjr the column »h..wiii(r the i.»tiinale<l yirW fr..m ii :ttKfu.,t r..w oiip cai 
 r.ndil> .1, tPiroinn wh.t 8rr,i would 1* rfqiiirod to provide the d.-irod M'iRiifitT of each 
 Kind of v«f[ct«M(>. 
 
 SmuiE-STEI) ARBANOK.MENT FOR A BMALL UAKUKN. 
 
 K'<W. 
 
 Kiih) it Vftfctat'lf. 
 
 • I 
 
 r..,u,r.-.| ! ' '""|"7 
 I row. 
 
 Union StU. 
 
 Xovn or fUmUd €arl II . \ 
 l'»i«niii 
 
 Hmu 
 
 Camu 
 
 Oiiicint. 
 
 K«rly CithhaKr ami Pan 
 linower 
 
 ■SpiiMch, MuiUrd •ml 
 Ctki 
 
 T^ttuooanl Rwliah. lol 
 lowiid by SqiiMh on>. 
 Meli,n«,(;t hillU of «aih 
 .*> f«jt a|>ftrt) 
 
 t |>kt. 
 1 |>kl. 
 li ll> 
 
 f ! 
 
 ' Tiiiii- r«M|tjirw''i 
 
 m-pat. |»,.t,,i„. ,..it...|..v..|.,|, f r V„.|,| ,», 
 «.««,, I th.n plai.t- "•■•■. t'"""^ . I Wi-fttrt 
 
 IH inn 
 (nmi 
 tioumUrv 
 
 I 
 
 \'i pliintH 
 1 pkt. , 
 
 Vi \n». 
 
 fntin 
 K< w I. 
 Vi inn. 
 
 fruiii 
 
 Vi mx. 
 fruiii 
 Ko» .). 
 
 Vi illH. 
 
 from 
 K(.w 4. 
 IS ill*. 
 
 (nun 
 
 Kow :■. 
 >f! \r, in«. 
 fniiii 
 
 Kow I'l. 
 
 ^ inch 
 
 Ottnwi. 
 
 3 int. apart W UilViiUy 
 
 \'\m\'. I'Jin-. «p»it. "^ to 7" 'hky" 
 
 or thihiuti f 
 
 ait rt*aily, 
 i iucli 14 ina. niwri 
 
 or t)iinnc4t 
 
 9m reuilv. 
 4 inch, I 1,1 ■ 
 
 tH to 7(i iluy» 
 
 03tol2<l<lity.. 
 
 X <liiv« 
 
 Sill. I'laiit^iii. 
 
 I aiNkrt. ' 
 
 K.«il. wi'lliPlant ^^ 111.. In-JrAjiaiiluyB. 
 ' a|iart. 
 
 10. 
 11. 
 12. 
 
 13. 
 
 U 
 
 15. 
 
 Dwarf Early Pea. 
 .»rly I'ea. 
 
 Late Pt-a ("itiii-dwurf). . 
 
 Le'tuci and Kadiah (mh; 
 ond Dowin^ of this. 
 Might lie a path) 
 
 1 pkl. 
 »-8eh. 
 
 4 oz. 
 
 4 nz. 
 
 4 oz. 
 
 Sown or piitnlfd a/Ur 
 dangrr of fro^t m over. 
 
 Early IVani, ^ row; Late 
 ^5f an^'. h row 
 
 i>l 12in». 
 1 from 
 Row 7. 
 
 13 inn. 
 frnm 
 Kow 8. 
 
 IS iDH. 
 
 fioiii 
 Kow «. 
 IH inH. 
 from 
 Row 10. 
 
 c<nfr»-d. 
 i inch. 
 
 I pkt. olj 18 in.H. 
 fmh. I from 
 I Kow 11. 
 
 ■Joz. of 18ii].s, 
 •■arli. from 
 
 Row 13. 
 
 i and 
 inc'ii. 
 
 2 inn. 
 
 3 ill- 
 
 it..* 
 ilu'ti. 
 
 4 to ti inn. 
 Aiwrt. 
 
 60 dayx 
 
 row. 
 
 •<U to 80 II. 
 .'lOtoWII.. 
 16 to 76 II,. 
 40 to 60 lb 
 40 to 60 lb. 
 
 » to 6 lb. 
 P^rheail. 
 
 Wiinht 
 varit^s nimii. 
 
 Late Cab! aiv uikI C'auli- 
 rii.wer 
 
 Ill plant'. 
 of t-ach. 
 
 fieltine f. :>0 to 70 dayi. I Weight 
 in». Kailr.h. 3! tnS.-)davK varieo much, 
 thiiim-d u- Mu»kiii>-|..in.. 
 r.'Aitv. It0tol44ilays 
 
 \Vat*'rin.'liinH, 
 I IW t^, Uil dayn. 
 
 Hipijii*h, 
 liHi to 104 da\. ' 
 1 in. aiart ' 4:i to.jl day- ,(ito7qtii. in 
 i "pod. 
 
 I in. apart. I .'.3 to .ll'.day- ' 
 
 1 ill. apart US to 71 da\ - li ti ft (jt». in 
 t .pod. 
 
 ) t 
 
 ABl»ftrefi.r, A» U.fore. 1 Wt-igbt 
 ''""*• Karieg much. 
 
 Celery ( -tart plants ear ly 1 pkt. 
 
 V* in». 
 
 from 
 
 Kow l.i 
 
 24 inn. 
 
 from 
 
 Row 14. 
 
 2 iii». Phiiit 3 II.-., iKirUi. ' 
 
 apart i 47 to .",:t day- 10 to 20 pts 
 ll,:.t.", 
 iKi to Tiiiiay-- 
 
 Kdo.i. »>!I,1S in-. ai«,t 107 to 13:iday-i 4 to B lb 
 1 covered, i i.erhea.i. 
 
 1 inch, i Plant ;•> iii». I Ti mi.nth-.. il2toll>07:- 
 I »(«"■ I 1«T hea.l' ■ 
 
HUni;KSTRD AHRAN'UKMKNT KOR A SMALL). AKI>K.V.~«'n„/„..,.rf. 
 
 Ka«. Kind i>r N'>ii«ul>li>. 
 
 !Wd I Itwunor ,^ , i,,.^.„. ,„ I to .l.-v.-li.|. f.» \ 1. 1.1 i^r 
 
 I ruw- I 1 iiUtUwit. I 
 
 l« .Swr<lo TurniiM, ww .tun*, 
 
 lStu.luly I ' 1 |.kt. 
 
 i; i'ppimnikn'i Km rUtit,. 
 
 I or third N>wiit^ of Ift-' 
 
 (iii'x >n(l riwliiih or luori- 
 
 I Uti. oauliHuwt.r, or 
 
 «arly aowiuf >if p*nl«jr.; I |>kt. nf 
 I'ftch. 
 
 It 
 
 3i inn. 
 
 (riiin 
 
 K<>w 15. 
 
 IMina.frum 
 Row in. 
 
 i inch. Thin tu fi i.i (10 to Witny. lUI (u .<*i |!j 
 1 7 in*. Kiwrl. I 
 
 Kuoto wi-ll l*litnt»16 ini 
 ooVHml. \ ii|«rt. 
 
 Pk>iiu»r<. 
 lXluA,*dmyt. 
 
 Kkr t'lanta, 
 t.'HItiilli^iU.va, 
 
 Yirld ^..r:*< 
 unirti. 
 
 TotmUm*^ tminwl tnj 
 ■inKl« atfiua und tinlj 
 
 5-fi»t >tiil(»« nr winni. 1 pkt.ijr Ift]j4inii.fnri,: KiK)t< well IManU 2 i..«-t liiHtn iriliUy..; |ilO to l>i 
 plant*. Kiiw i;. ciivcrrd. ■ kiwrt. i <li.|»-nHinK>>ii' lb 
 
 wh.'n>tart4-.|,| 
 
 1», hjirl.y (y'om, fullowiHl by 
 liitx Miwing of lottui'i- 
 and rihliah I pkt. 
 
 Mina.fruni 
 Row IH. 
 
 und "••«!•<►«. 
 
 3 ina. Hill* 3 ftH.t fM to 114 daya. i M tn Ait 
 aiiart.tliintii j ..ur*. 
 
 ."> k.riiHli.|»r 
 'M 'Latt-rcom, alaiiit 2 f... i ! hill. 
 
 j fnmi biiiiiidary I pkt. 'SlIiiiH.rMih 2 ina. i „ |;r to US day».' 
 
 , R>.w Ht. j 
 
 K!«tiin»tiH) coat of awdn ami |iUnt4. S9.;tO; Mtinwtfd viiliw of oni|i, 91\ or iiiorf . 
 
 Ill addition to thfiK", oiicmiilirr.i cmld \>r (frown iivi-r wirn nottiiiK tackwd to on« of thu triu c-». 
 
 .M.'lona. (Jiiciinilipn mill S<|ua»li almiild be tliiniiMl to from two to all plania |wr hill. 
 
 i'lom oiiohulf t<) thrce-quurters of u Im.-hel of ptitutoi.'s uiglit lie t;.\pf(t( i| li-.iii a 
 tliirtv loot low. 
 
 Ezamplei of crops and yields from some Vacant Lot gardens in Canada, in 1917. 
 
 Sf. Aiiilri'ir's Cliiirili (llehe (}ardeii.i, Otiawii. lUt7. 
 
 Plot N';\ r.;! : — Hi'iiiis i; liuahels, boots 1 bushel, oabbuifc 5 tlozon heads, eauliriowcr 
 2 dozen licad", curnits I Inishols, corn 10 dozen ears, cucumbers 7 ilozen, lettuce 9 
 dozen, onions 3 bushels, parsnips 1 busiiel, jicas 1 bushel, p<itatoes (1 bushels, puinpkin.s 
 7, sqnush CriubbarH) :!. tomatoes VA< inoimls, turnips (! bushels. Size of plot .'iO by 100 
 feet. Value of crop, li'^iMn. 
 
 Plot N'o. OS; — Bi^uns 15 kuHoiis, beefs 2 batis, eabbiiKe 42 heads, earrnt» '.' biiffs, e.irn 
 9i} dozen, cucumbers HO dozen, lettuce 10 dozen l)unehes. potatoes .'li liaRs. radi.-li .'K) 
 dozen bunelios, tomatoes 12 baskets, turnips 2 bags. Size of plot 50 bv 100 feet. Viiliie 
 of erop, $.'il.20. 
 
 Plot N'o. fi9: — Beets 2 lo"- oabbaKe 75 head^, carrots ;l bags, corn 10 il^izen, 
 lettuce 1 row, onions 2 row: . Jiips 2 bap-s, potatoes 17 baRs. tomatoes 2 b.iskets, 
 turnips 4 bags. Size of plot 50 by 100 feet. Value of prop, $15.10. 
 
 Plot No. 20: — licet> 5 (fallons, carrots * bap. onions 2 frallons. potatoes 2.". btiiis, 
 pumpkins (i, turnips 1 Imp. Size of plot 50 by lOt) t'cit. Value of crop, #44. 
 
 Ottawa Vacant f^it .l'^i"< !alii>n. 
 
 Lot Xo. 12:— Tliirt.v-one bushels of p,.tatiie> iit ♦!, ifol. This w.ts a very hiig.j 
 yield and shows what Miiaiitity of potatoes can be ohtuncd on a ^niall area if under be«t 
 conditions. 
 
Ut \.,. :.. ♦;l..io. l>t Nu. nj. »;t!M»T. I...t X... U, *.•.:!>;,. All l,.t, «..n- J". i,v I.t.» 
 fcpf ill arcii, 
 
 Thf IJiinhn <:luh. I'oil Arthm, n„t. 
 
 Kct.iri., fr„i,. a plot of Kro.md .'.o I -' f... t. l„i.| o,u uiid oarud lor bv rli.- ntv 
 
 "; "" •"""I'l'' "f «l«"t 1,1 1m. «r«»i, „ M.a. ,0....... .„. thi4 urea. <.i..l ll». vatu- of 
 
 tiie tiiiiii'. 
 
 I^ttue*. 23 iloirn l.uncti«a at lo > viiti 
 KachihPH, 21 (loirn bunchM >i 30 .'<inta 
 
 Turnlim. »nrl), il dn>»n bu.i<li.>« m ?.i\ rftiii. 
 
 Mwrdi-B. 3 l>.i» it( ft. . . 
 Hni«, 9(1 rttiii-n huii.hf. at *» p»nt« 
 
 '•nrroi... 1 jo dm,.,, hun. Iim at .in . ,■,, 
 
 Ilium. ;! I,u«ti>.|« :it »: . . . '.'."' 
 
 I''."<. t IniBlifl.s .It 11, 111 , , , ' ■ ' 
 
 • ••iiiiilnw.r. ,:,2 i,.4tda ai 15 r..riii< 
 
 Ciil.l,„M, ps \wA,i» (uv.Tn«« welKht pfr heBd, S |M.iimla> ,11 1 r»nt> 
 
 1 jrwi.y. 1,11 ilMirri hunchin at 50 ciiito 
 
 rolat...j, : ,„w». 41 Mm m n.w ...vpLiue wHiilit'iierioW. :>:• ,..,u.,.i.i 
 It biiFlicla al tl 
 
 r^tlniiileU liibour. . 
 KirtillK^T. 4 load* .it 11 r. 1. 
 
 ■••Ml 
 
 IT." UM 
 Q 00 
 !t on 
 
 t :• 10 
 
 * no 
 
 T 1« 
 
 » Ort 
 
 nil tit 
 
 .!« (Ml 
 
 « 0'> 
 
 II DO 
 
 :'3 »i| 
 
 :•: 10 
 
 ::o 00 
 
 II n 
 1 80.1 
 
 Kl-lrii .|M,| lOMfli 
 
 1113 .'iO 
 
 Oroiiii 1,1, ,1 Varniil f,iil i,> [}'''ii n. .Vn../,-. 
 
 Oni„iiv. ^rr,.,.,l, JO l.iiricli.-^, mutiir.-l 1 peck, s.-t- l',,r next s.-nsoii. 1 iM>iin.l; .irrotv 
 luirv.~ti'<l ciiri.v, n Imiiclu-. iiinturnl 1 lnishil; ImvI^ hnrvpst.cj r.irl.v. i-> Iciinln., 
 iiiiiturod » 1.11, hrl; rnili>h.-*. ts biiiK'tu'* : Kttiicv. .Mi li.nd-; turnips i"|iii..<1m.1 ; |„..is 
 urt'oii. tlO |«.iiii<N; wiix h.iiii«. .^0 pciiiiiN: toinntnis. -r.vn. I liii«lii'l; kolilral.i, J 
 <I..7:pn: pulibajrr .^ dn/pj, )i.n<l<: putatnp-i 7 Im^lirU; caulilliwir. 1-!. hoad-. Si/c ,,f nlu 
 1'.' by 125 fret. Approximato value of pri>dii<'i' liruwn. .*1."..70. 
 
 On nnother vacant lot in n<u'iiiM tii. n- w.i* k'rowii aboiil thi -.auw .|iiiuitif.v of 
 vi'ffetablp3, with 'ho addition of l^.") p.,iind-! of mii.-.hrooi s wliifli were grmvu .inionffsf 
 tlifl flowers. A i'on«prvativi> r<timat(' of the valiio c 
 
 inn«lironins i. pbic ,] ut 
 
 Uinirn on n Vamiil L. I in Wi. ,,pp(i. 
 
 Size of plot. 25 by lOt) ft-ct. Tlie toll,,»i 
 cuciinilifT'. pumpkins, .-niiusli, tomatoes, lipai. 
 beets, cabliafrc. caniitlowpr, car i-. swode lu 
 
 (•r..i.> uiT.' firown: Potato,-*, marrow*, 
 . Hroail \Vind8,>r), l)utt,r bi'.'in-. |i,ia», 
 
 , , , , •''■' ''''"■''■• I"""°'>ip». with ra,|i«li,.s 
 
 lettuce and multiplier oniotm as ....-h" crops. Vain,, when K.itli. r,',!, $40. Vi,.!d. 
 sufficient to kr.'p a family of ttm all summer and into the winter. Kti.iujfli pi, kl,-" 
 were made from the onions an,l tomato,^, ami prc-erve^ from pnnipkin-' to hi,t all 
 winter. The t'roiind, which wa- of roiitrh eljv ,l,ara.-ter. was newly broken in 
 spriiifi. 
 
 the 
 
 The Best Varieties of Vegetable's. 
 
 OniiiK to tlie si'ari'ily of .e,'d of many varieti f v,'(;etali!L~ this year, it will 
 
 not always he possible to jjet those wliii'li arc di-sired. Iieiiec tin- importance of nr.ler- 
 ing early in onler to make sure of (reftinfr at loa^t some of the best sorts. In tlie 
 followin).' list, based on tests made at the Kxperiniental Far.ns and Station' 
 Canada, several vari,>ties of aliim-t eipial iner't of some kinds of vegetal 
 Rested <o that if it i^ not iio--ilili' to (let one .1 ni.iy ]„■ to tret the otlier. 
 
 IM 
 
 ire <\>g- 
 
AsparaguM. — An aiparagus ylaiitatiuii is ruuJily sturtud by ^sowing seeds one y:tr 
 aud trauHplauting the plants into their permanniit pogitions tliu uext; Argenteuil uml 
 ralmetto are two of the best isorts. 
 
 Beans. — liouiid Pod Kidney Wax, Pencil Pod nnd lirlttle Wax are all good yellow 
 podded or wax bush beans and much aliko. Wardwell Kidney Wax, Davi« Wax, and 
 Iludtion Wiut are tliroe good, flat-podded wax besins, the latter having lonjr ixids but not 
 an early vnriefy. Stringless Green Pud is a good, early, green-podded variety, whilo 
 Karly lied Valentine is one of the \n~-l niediuiu varieties, and Refugee or Onr-Thmi- 
 sand-to-One a a very good later varity. Lima and Pole beans are not very satisfactory 
 except wliere the season is lonjr and wami. The bush varieties of Limas are the most 
 satisfactory. Scarlet Runner is the most reliable pole bean but Kentucky Won(b r 
 is one of the best in quality. , 
 
 Beets. — Detroit Dark Red, Early Model an<l Crosby Kt.'Aptian are three of tin- 
 best. 
 
 Borecole or Kale. — Dwarf Green Curled Scotch. 
 
 Brussels .'•^fjroiils. -\m\tro\t-i\ Dwarf. The dwarf varieties have been fo\nid ni^re 
 sflt'sfactory than the tall ones. 
 
 Cabbage. — Early Jersey Waketield or Copenhagen Market for early; Succession, 
 medium and Danish Railhead and Drumhead Savoy, late, and Red Dutch, red. 
 
 Cauliflower. — Eirly Snowball and Early Ehvarf Erfurt. The late varieties are 
 not very Mtisfactorj-. Better make two plantings of the early sorts. 
 
 Carrot. — Chantenay is the best, but Danvers Half Long is good. Early Scarlet 
 Horn is a small, short, early variety. 
 
 Celery. — Golden Self Blanching (Paris Golden Yellow) early; Winter Queen, 
 Kvans Triumph and Perfection HeartwoU, late; White Plume is desirable for the 
 prairies and cooler parts. 
 
 Com. — Golden Bantam is the mo*it popular early variety but still earlier sorts 
 (if good quality are Karly Malcolm, Malakoff, and Peep O'Day, which will be read>' 
 for use a week before Golden Bantam. For medium season either a second planting 
 (.f Golden Bantam or Early Evergreen or Black Mexican and for late. Country 
 Gentleman and Sto wells Evergreen. For the prairie provinces and other parts of 
 Canada where the niglits ' re cool the Squaw com, though not sweet, is surer to 
 develop. 
 
 Cucumber. — Davis Perfect is one of the most satisfactory varieties Imt mn>; 
 strains of Wliite Spiiie will be found satisfactory. Boston Pickling and Chicago 
 Pickling are good piekling sort', though later plantings of the other varieties will 
 give iilenty of cucumbers suitable for pickling. 
 
 h'iiil l'liiiit.---Sev/ Vork Improved and Long Purple are two of the best. 
 
 Lettuce. -Orand Rapltfe and Black Seeded Simpson (early loose curled), Iceberg, 
 (iiant Or>-stal Head, Improved Hanson, Salanuinder, and Olsp as Ice, the outside 
 leaves of which are purjiH-h, are all good head lettuce for outside. 
 
 Melons. Muak. — l.onf; Island Beauty and Hackensack are two of the earliest aiiil 
 best of the nutm«'g type. Montreal Market is later l)ut is of larg(?r .size and sometim.^ 
 finer Havoured. Kmerald lie in. Hoodoo and Paul Rose are three of the best small 
 ■salmon or yell(nv llc~lieil varielie-. 
 
 Mi'hint-. With r. -i'ole Early, ke Cream and Phiuney Early are three of the avost 
 reliable in Canada. 
 
Onions. — Yellow (lloho Duiiver;' mid Karly Red Wrtlior-fiild ;ir.' two of thp hot. 
 I'lize Taker is a piod variety for traiwplaiiting. Early flat Red is pood when th.' 
 ~ia<on is short. Dutch scU ciisurf a croi) in a short season when, if );rowii from seed. 
 till' oiiioiH may not mature. 
 
 Pamhy. — Douhle Curled is a (.'ood variety. 
 
 Parsnip. — Hollow Crown of a good strain is the best. Intermediate is also good. 
 
 AVppi'/-.— Early Neapolitan of the lanre varieties and Oayeniii, f'liili and f'nr 
 .litial of the small ones arc the surest to mature. 
 
 Pfos.—Thos. La-xton, Gradus, Nott Excelsior, Ameriean Wonder, and .'>utt(>i. 
 i:arl.v (iiiiiit are idl <rood early sorts. Greffory Surprise is e.\tr:i early and is the 
 Uest extra early for home use. For second early Sutton Excelsior and I'mTnium Gcni 
 • ire two feijod ones and for medium to late McLean Advancer, Heroine, and Stratagem. 
 All of the forepjing can k' crown \vitho\it support but some of flic Lest tall ones arc 
 rdepbone. Champion of Enjfland and Quite Content. 
 
 liadish.ScnTht White Tipi>od Turnip i~ one of the best. White Icicle is a verv 
 lender, mild, white variety. 
 
 Salsify. — Ix)nj? White, Smidwirh Isilaiulj. 
 
 Np"""'/'. — Victoria, Tliicklcavcd. 
 
 Sqvash.—hong White Bush, Summer Crooknck; lute, Deli.inus. TTuhbard. 
 
 Tomaloe.1.— Extra, early. .Macrity, S^iarks Earliana; early and .Main crop. Bmmuv 
 i;.«t, Ciialks Early Jewel. Later ff<»u] sorts are Matchless and Trophv (ticarlct! 
 .uid Liviii^^^ton Glol>e and rieiitilul (purplish pink). 
 
 :<u;rtie Tumii)S. — Champion Purple Top. 
 
 Potn foes.— Karly, Irish ('..bbler or Eureka Extra Early. .Main crop. Green 
 :MacGr<vor, Carman No. 1 (all of Green MountainVoup)- 
 early, i)ink sort but is not verj- produetivi>. 
 
 Mountain, Gold Coin, W 
 lairly Ohio is a (i'ood extra 
 
 Protecting Vegetables from Injurious Insects and Diseases. 
 
 rnl.as vegetables are protected from injurious insects and diseiuses, either by 
 -praying or by pol^^,nlllg in some other way or by mechanical devi<-es, the v.-getable 
 i-'rower is likely to lose part or all of th.- ..Top. Some kinds of veiretable suffer as a 
 rule, more than others. ' 
 
 Several ditferent formula; are iveoiMineiided for ^onle insects. i„ ,,r,i,.r to make it 
 easier for those in snrall town.s or out-of-tlu-way r,laee,s ;o obtain at least one irood 
 ;iise<'ticide or fungicide. 
 
 ( ' tHIIACK, C.MUFI.OWKK, 
 
 • 'MOV. Kauish, Tlhmh. 
 KlnatiHt'tl*', catt<rpiilars, 
 aphis, ni')t-nmK»?<>tA, ciit- 
 womiM. Other ve^etAl>le« 
 may also have tt.e same 
 trrattnent for cut wc>nn». 
 
 Sin^itiT or Soap muhei. 
 For a|>hiH. 
 
 I'artt ureen, or ar.^rn'ile nf] I'yretKrum- dm mixt 
 
 For tlca-bHii: imnjMliately Fur cabbage wurnis. 
 plant!! api^ar aboie the 
 gniiind. I 
 
 r-JZ ^«'V,"'W"ts, Jar fel, p„p,r d,.r, ,.roM,„| -t.Mns of rauHHower, «d 
 
 sl,,mld !>» Hat n„ th- cnmnH an,l fit ,I„.h to the «Ui„. rn.>"t powd«^ 
 h./lrh,„,n^^■^t.■,■ ,«,„r-.laU,uttl„. r.«,t» at int.rval« nf » we^k, .n,l ™i^ , 
 .■m,,h,on f,av,. su,„e .-If^t ■„ controUmg root-magK"t» of onions and rad^H 
 Cut wonns-U™ p».ion«t bran for rutworni.. If scattern,! „u ,urfac.' f «^ii 
 near planU to be piotncted the cut worn,, will eat it in preference to the nl»^ 
 and .he. For green caterpillar. atf.-cting cal,l.a».H, Mow pyrethrum ,«wd« 
 into th,. plantB, or du»t then, with it. a.s »o.,n a» in.H«t» are m,ti,»,l and Vp^ 
 
10 
 
 I'OTATO. 
 
 Paria given, K ow. or luori- to 40 )(allii. water ; or anw-natp 
 of Ipail iiastc 3 to 4 lb. u> fil gM». water or preferably 
 8 »7,8. Paris green aiKj U lb. antfimte of leail |«iit« to 
 -iOgnlli^. water. If |>i>W(lere.| anwnate of l.-ai iinme<l, 
 half the iiuiintity of |>»»if recoimiieiided «il| be siiffic- 
 
 Poiaoned Borde»ii>. 
 
 Forr ot and beetle*. 
 
 From 10th July till end of nea- 
 son. 2 Weeks apart. Keep 
 folinjjf oovere<l. Bordeaux for 
 flea-beetle. 
 
 C'KLERV. 
 Fjirly and late blight. . . jKeep foliage ctmnUiitly covered with Bordeaux throughout the leuaon. 
 
 Tomato. 
 
 Cut-womi» 
 
 Uki iMiisoned bran tor vut-womis. 
 
 IirSECTICIDES. 
 
 Internal Poisons (for Bitlnu Insects). 
 POISONED BRAN FOR CUTWORM.-). 
 Mix 1 pound of ParLs green thoroughly with 50 pounds of bran i or 1 ounce to 3 pounds ot 
 hr.Trj). then slightly but thoroughly moiFten the mixture with water sweetened with a little 
 molasses or sugar. 
 
 AR.SKX.\TE OK I.IOAP. 
 
 Arsenate of had 3 to 4 lb. p;i.«te or li to 2 lb. drv or powdered. 
 
 ^a'ef 40 gal. 
 
 Mix thoroughly before using. 
 
 PARIS CRKKN. 
 
 L'aris green 2 lb. 
 
 Unslaked lime • 1 lb. 
 
 Water .' ] .' .' .' ' 1 60 gal. 
 
 Ury mixture. — 1 pound Paris preen wiib o» pounils flour, lam' plaster, slaked lime or any 
 other perfectly dr>' powder. 
 
 HELLEBORE. 
 
 (Keep In air tight vessel). 
 
 White hellfbore 1 oz. 
 
 Water 2 gai. 
 
 Or to be dusted undiluted over attacked plants. 
 
 For root maggots use 2 ounces of hellebore to 1 gallon water. 
 
 CARBOLIC EMULSION'. 
 
 Hard soap, well sliced 1 lb. 
 
 Crude carbolic acid 1 pint. 
 
 Boiling water 1 gn\ 
 
 I'l.-^solve the soao In water, then add the acid and churn violently with da.sher. Before 
 usir-- rlihite to 25 gallons'. 
 
 co.nta(;t I'Oiso.v.s (kor srcKixii i.\sbct.s.) 
 
 pyRETHRUM I OR Inskct Powder.) 
 (Keep in air tiKlit viksiI.) 
 
 l'.\ fftl'.tutii powdfT- I fresh) 1 oz 
 
 "•"••'■ :! gal 
 
 [iiu i.ii.iluri. — iii.x thi!roii!;lily 1 p.\n by wciKlil of insect powder with 4 of clica|i Ilmir, 
 and kccjj in a close ves.'sel for 24 hour.'^ before dusting over plants atta<-ked. 
 
 •NICOTINE SULPHATE. 
 
 (Containing at least 4n',f nicotine.) 
 
 (Kon Ai'iiis). 
 
 Nicotine sulphate 1 (,y 
 
 WatiM- i;\ k:{]. i,r 1 p., It to Mio to l.ncn of water. 
 
 It should be more concentrate'l f"r sonu- siM-cits. 
 
 • A prPiiM-ation of this known as " Black Leaf 4(1 " is offered for s;ile in Carnrln. 
 
11 
 
 NICOTI.NK (KOH Aphis ) 
 
 Niiotinf 
 
 W.lt.T. . 
 
 1 t"-:i"n'>"nfii1. 
 
 1 1.MI. 
 
 oM'^rr r;^":T--,;- -rj}" ::j^;::r.r-^r ^?'.;i;;. ■ - • - 
 
 FUNGICIDES. 
 
 IHiKDKAfX MIXTfnr: (k..(i Kin,-.[). 
 
 •^I'lipcr sulph.ilp I UlUi-Nlnn.') 
 
 f'lialaked lime ' '•> 
 
 Water I 1 li.-mel) . ' " 
 tn Kal. 
 
 I>i>^a.)l\e the copper Bulphale fhy siispemlins it In n wooden or eirthen i..,>=» i . 
 
 4 or ., or more Kallons of water.) It wl I dissolve m,.,e mrLi^ Z ^'""'^" Y*-"^'' ™nta,iiinK 
 Slake the lime in another vessel If he lime whe.r^lui-'H '^i """" """"'" ""»" '" '•"''■ 
 be strain.vi through eoaise I 'kine or ■ fl r.'i «'«'" .■''""*'^^- '» '"""PV "f granular, it should 
 barrel, or It may'ln, dl^.-oKei I^Thi^in the tp,aee''"h-.?''flir',r''h '"''",''"'••,"''"'''■'' """ •■• 
 
 <-..pper solution ) ' ^"^^ '' """ '-•"^entraled milk of lime and 
 
 cvei^/'halJrr'VZn^,™!'^,:; -^'^J^^Jl^^-^l'a^i;^ "rhr^-in^.tt,';:;-''^ ^"" ^^ '" ''^r^^"^ 
 
 rnisONKl. Hnitr.KA.-X MI.NTI-K1-; <k,.k Ktx,;, AN,, L..AF-„AT.Na .N..K,.„). 
 To the in Kal'ons of Horileaux tiiixtuie nrenared as ihoio -.u « 
 Kreen. or . pound, of arsenate of lead P.ste.Tr'u'poundf ^r^ "r'enatTof'Te,.;:;. "'"" "' ''"'" 
 
 I'-Olt I'DTATO BLKIHT AM. .(H.ouaIh. ImiTATO BEr:TI.KS 
 
 Instead nf 4 pounds coi>per sulphate, use (i pounds and for t,nn»n K«,>fi„ c 
 of I'a.is Kreen. or 3 pounds arsenate of lead paste or p e v " ,1 s m,,^ w """"" """ """■" 
 pounds dry arsenate of lend to 40 eallons water V<•u,^M^ s ounees fans sieen and I* 
 
 A pa..„,l,iet «ivi>,u- i„t„r>nati„n i.i rfKard to Vn,-n>,t l.„t Gar.len Orfrani/:.tio., 
 w.th tlu. methotl. ompl„v..,l. and results obtain..,! in 1!)17. in nianv .-iti... and tow, .' 
 in ( anada. has h.-.m pMl.lisl„.d as PnHi.-ation.* Hiant-h Painphlft Xo. f. and .•■„, 1,,. 
 obtaim-d fr.r fn-m t\u' Publi.Mtions Bran.h. I),.parfnie..; of Affric.iitiire, Ottawa. 
 
 Ofli.'r fs,i,il /'.nrphl.l^. 
 
 Asparagus, Celery and Onion CnltMri', I'mnplilct Xo. 5. 
 (iinseng, Musl;rooin and M.'lon Cnltnr... Pa.niilil,.t Xo. 7. 
 Cabbape and Cauliflower Ciiltiiiv, Pamphlet Xo. 11. 
 Tomato Culture, Pamphlet No. Id. 
 
 How f. Proteet KiMits Vegetabl,.. and Ornamental I-Lnt- fro,,, l„.eeN ,d 
 tnnffous Diseases. Pamphlet Xn. U>. ' "' 
 
 Gr,nvinK Field Hoot. Vejietable an.i Flower Seed> in Canada. Hulieii,, Vo ■' ■ S 
 Notes mi the Cultivation of some Staple Ve;,etahles. Spe,.ial ( 'irenlar Vo 7 " ' 
 Kver,v tiar.lener His Own Seed (Jrower. Special Circular Xo 1' 
 Tlie Potato and its Cultivation in Canada. Bulletin !t(l. 
 -VoTK.-The piihlieation^ referre.l to above niav be obt'iin,..! fr,... Iv ii 
 the Publication, Braneh. Department of Agrienltur'e, Ottawa. ' --Wr.^sing 
 
I 
 
 War Savings Certificates 
 
 A PATRIOTIC INVESTMENT 
 
 War Savings Certificates are issued by the Government of 
 Canada, for the purpose of helping to provide the money neces- 
 sary to finance Canada's share in the war. 
 
 A purchaser of these Certificates, therefore, not only obtains for himself a 
 safe and profitable investment, but also renders an important patriotic pervice. 
 
 HIGH INTEREST RETURN 
 
 The certificates are issued m four denominations— $10, $25, $50, and $100— 
 and run for three years from the date of purchase. The prices are $8.60, 
 $21.50, $43, and $86 respectively— that is to say, for every $8.60 you lend 
 to the Government now, you will receive a Certificate entitling you to $10 
 at the expiration of three years. The discount is equivalent to an interest 
 rate of over 5% compounded half-yearly. Individual purchases are limited 
 to $1,500. 
 
 HOW YOUR MONEY GROWS 
 
 8 60 lent now, 
 
 becomes $ 10.00 in 3 years 
 
 21 50 
 
 
 
 25 00 " 3 " 
 
 43 00 
 
 
 
 50 00 " 3 " 
 
 86 00 
 
 
 
 100.00 " 3 " 
 
 430 00 
 
 
 
 500 00 " 3 " 
 
 860 00 
 
 
 
 1000.00 " 3 " 
 
 1290 00 
 
 
 
 1500.00 ' 3 " 
 
 SURRENDER VALUE 
 
 The Certificates may be surrendered at any time before the end of the 
 three years, if the money is needed, on the following basis: 
 
 Certificate of $10 $25 $50 $100 
 
 DuHng first 12 months at .... $8.60 $21.50 $43.00 $86.00 
 After 12 months but within 24 months at 8.90 22.25 44.50 89.00 
 After 24 " " 36 " at 9 30 23.25 46.50 93 00 
 
 REGISTRATION 
 
 Each Certificate is registered at Ottawa in the name of the buyer, aiid 
 if lost or stolen, is valueless to anyone else. 
 
 To purchase a Certificate apply to any bank or money order post nffice . 
 To cash a Certificate, either at maturity or before, it is necessary only to present 
 it at any bank or money order post office. 
 
 Buy War Savings Certificates 
 
 uLL