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 THEfCFORMATION. 
 
 ' ._ 
 
 
 ITS NATURE, ITS NECESSITY, AND ITS BENEFITS, 
 
 A SERMON 
 
 PREACHED IN THE CATHEDRAL 
 
 \ ■ 
 
 OF 
 
 CHIUST GHURCII, JREDERIOTON, 
 
 ON SUNDAY, FEBRUARY 14, 1847, 
 
 BY 
 
 if®2sa ^m^m m s^ssiissES??®^, 
 
 m 
 
 AND 
 
 PUBLISHED MY REQUEST. 
 
 We desirea the reformation of an old Religion— not i5ie formation of-u ne^^."— Bishop Halt- 
 
 FREDERlCTONi 
 
 JAMES P. A. PHILLIPS, PRINTER. 
 
 J 847. 
 
 N 
 
 ■>v 
 
 "«p 
 
 wmtm wr 
 
 /:M 
 

TO THE HONORABLE 
 
 THE CHIEF JUSTICE, 
 
 His Honor the MASTER OF THE ROLLS, 
 
 The Honorable Mr. JUSTICE STREET, 
 
 The Honorable the PRESIDENT and other MEMBERS of the 
 
 Legislative Council, 
 
 The Hon. The SPEAKER and other MEMBERS of the House of 
 
 Assembly, 
 
 Who, having been present at the delivery of this Discourse, 
 
 in the Cathedral of Christ Church, Fredericton, 
 
 requested its Publication, 
 
 It is now respectfully dedicated 
 
 by their obliged servant and Bishop, 
 
 JOHN FREDERICTON. 
 
 Fredericton, Feb. 18, 1847. 
 
 _.-tf€- 
 
cor 
 
 refl 
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 wis 
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 fell 
 
 SOI 
 
 COl 
 
 Gc 
 
 eqi 
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ipmiii^^oii; 
 
 
 It is impossible for an English Churchman to write on a 
 controversial fact, like the Reformation, without seeming to 
 reflect upon others. 1 desire, however, to be considered, in 
 this Sermon, as acting solely on the defensive, and as only 
 wishing to give information to those under my charge, on 
 important principles of action ; but if there be any expres- 
 sion which may seem uncourteous or unkind to any of my 
 fellow-christians, I regi'et it, and as far as the objection is 
 sound, I retract it. 
 
 1 have only now to commend all who may read this dis- 
 course to the divine blessing, and to intreat their prayers for 
 God's guidance and direction, in times when it seems 
 equally dangeious to speak when we ought to be silent, or to 
 be silent when we ought to speak. 
 
 J. FREDERICTON. 
 
ii SI§2iSiI(2)3SJ; 
 
 •• Hearken unto me, ye Ihai follow after righteouBne»s, ye that seek the Lord: look unto th« 
 rock whence ye are hewn, and to the hole of the pit whence ye are digged." — Isaiah, tl), I. 
 
 The advice which the Prophet here gives to tlie Jews, in refer- 
 ence to their ex|oectations of the coming Saviour, resembles much 
 which we find elsewhere in the Holy Scriptures. 
 
 It is an earnest recommendation to consider the marvellous mercies 
 of God in former times, and our own unworthiness of them, and from 
 such meditations to derive comfort in perplexity, confidence in the 
 wisdom and goodness of God, liuniility and repentance for our 
 neglect and abuse of his goodness, and motives to diligence, upright- 
 ness, and perseverance in the path of duty. Now, if such a course 
 of meditation were useful to the Jew, it must be of still greater use 
 to the Christian, who has not only before him the whole course of 
 God's providential dealing with his elder brother, with his fearful and 
 continued (aW — continued to this very hour: but the still more won- 
 derful blessings vouchsafed to himself. 
 
 Every Christian is, or should be, a kind of wonder to himself: the 
 whole history of Christ's love to us from his birth to his ascension 
 into Glory, is so stupendous, that it would fill us with wonder and 
 admiration all the y^ar round, if we had a proper sense of the Divine 
 goodness. And our incorporation into the Chmrh of Christ, so far 
 from diminishing, does in fact add to the value of the gift, by shewing 
 that God did not leave his plan (so to speak,) to take care of itself, 
 but provided in the most ample manner for its being sustained, con- 
 tinued, and completed. Now, to view the whole of this plan oneself, 
 or to endeavor to display it to others, as a whole, at any one lime, is 
 impossible. Its very magnitude and the mmaber of its parts com- 
 pletely overwhelm the mind ; and a great many persons fail of 
 understanding the real blessings of the Gospel, because they will not 
 take the pains to number them one by one, and try to count them 
 up, though they " pass man's understanding." 
 
 Now, the blessings which God has vouchsafed us, in connexion 
 with the Church, may be said to be these : Its original foundation 
 by Christ himself: the means which our blessed Lord took for its 
 continuance : the assurance which he gave of his own perpetual 
 
 "K'^ia.-.^.iwao-faa ■ .'u^i»-um^ - 
 
or a|,|,;,ren.ly „, a state of dcTlcsion a„,| ,|,,-ny *°'""' 
 
 1st. It was not the luyinj il,„ (i„„i(li,ii„n of ll,e En.-lisl, Clun-^h 
 For ,„ tl,at case, the Cl,u,-cl, wouM have In.en /JLT/ nM -S " erf 
 Wo cannot c-l™„„, p„,il> „„cl renew what has no previous eK{°e^cl 
 
 oonen. an,, antiai.ie oivir,',^- ?,: /Ill " .:';;;ar„ , ■c.:?:,,' r„:^;. 
 
 by God's .race reform ^ re In d 1 s , Sfn w ^ I'"' °^""" 
 envious spirits allej-e. For mv ,,r, I ' "'" "'.'" ™"'" 
 
 earth v,i,l' shan.e, wl en Ihea ,■ , t hL 'i T^ '° ?''' "'° "'^■ 
 your Clunch hef^ro Lu, e ? ' e ri^ Tl7rr''' l" "V" 
 ye cavillers; we desired the ref„r,;;:,[L: , ' dV I" • ' „ Z 
 fcr,,K, ,on ol a new The Clunch was reforn.ed, no. new (vrou' 
 It IS Ihcsnne Church that ,, was hcforc.only nursed fron, so„"e?,n„ ' 
 fluous and pcrniemus a.ldita.nents. Is it a niw face tl w s elv 
 
 :Sd">- ui;,;iri?™';r '"" 't'-'! --■„ h<re':rat'is { 
 
 iu tee'.l, "* 1;, ,1!., ? H -""^ '''T' ''^"' "•"' f"'"")' "« 'Ilis in 
 r F„ i'l. A ','» """ '•° '"<"■" '"''«■'■'■■" 'l™ 10 tall, of 
 
 ™acle hy n,a„. Christ w^tVciL :'' I '^retK" 0^;!;;,';::; 
 
 C^un^eh^nu^st trace their origin to hiu,, and to his ApUe" r,' 
 
 * Bi.shop riiill's Works, vol. V, p. 177 .,,,,1 |„ „ 900 „ , „. , "~~ 
 
 • X, p. 132. , '< That whi... .vj-l,;.: ;;'::;^',c;,''^:,. ^lii^:;?^^;!^';'!; ^^'-'f ^^-i^^. 
 
 tivpiJiiiiTh did ackiiow- 
 
 vol. X I) is2 " Tl,. 1 • ' ' , " '• •■""' '"' P- 233. So al.so, B 
 
 i..iseu.\;,ti.fadoc,u!t!:r^:;2irSvn::,i;.^^ 
 
 suilkient tt, go ,0 Heave,, in, is «• v I C ,1 ^ ■■■ 'I '""'"i' '' "f ""-^' "'"«'' "'^T «1'""KI.< 
 
 m.t p„l.lish a„d impose in.o l.ls f.i h", i, , T- T'^^'' "'''" """'y '"'" ""' '^"'l'. "«-■ do 
 
 wc use also, a-Ki we use no other j'!,' '"''fy/'"'"^!;^ '"""-doctrine which they used, 
 ot Rome believes, except thee thins 1 -hh- h- "''""" i'^''^''^'"^^'''^^ "'"^■'' "''^ Clmrrl 
 in which they have innovated .1'""^''^'"^'' """.v h'»ve superinduced upon the old religion, and 
 
did lliu Rcroriuers over sot tip so propostoious ii claim as llic power 
 to make or round the Cliuich of (iod. All that llioy professed to do 
 was to purify it from its corruptions. Indeed, if thenj were no Church 
 before the lime of the Reformers, from what source did they ohtam 
 it? VViience had they tlus Scriptures to which they appealed r* 
 Did they invent or discover them for themselves r Whence did they 
 obtain the three Creeds f or the form of Church government? jJut 
 this notion is as contrary to fact, as to reason. In the year ."){)(>, 
 A. D., we know that Saint Augustine was sent by Gregory, Bishop ot 
 Uotno, to conv(!rl the English nation, a large part of which was 
 heathen, to the Christian faith, and that when he came, he found 
 several British Bishops (who resided chiefly in Wales) already m 
 possession of the held. % We know also, that to his pious labor a 
 lar^e portion of b^iigland is indebted for the Gospel, and lor the 
 Scriptures which he brought with him. '^ The corruptions afterwards 
 introduced (many of which in his lime were unknown) did not make 
 the Knglish Church to be no Church : they only rendered it neces- 
 sary that it should be reformod and purified. 
 
 ^. It is to be remembered that tin; Keformaiion was not the work 
 of a few pious individuals only, but the act of the whole British 
 Church in conjunction wiih the State.|| To brinir our pr.?sent Eccle- 
 siastical constitution to what we fuul it in the l-'rayer liook, it was 
 considered necessary first, that ii should be submitted to the Convo- 
 cation of the Clergy ; secondly, ihak it should be ratified by Parlia- 
 ment, or by the Luity and representative- of the Clergy together ; 
 and finally, that it should be approved by the Crown. And having 
 these three sanctions it became the Law of the land, and remains 
 such to this day. So that ihe works of the Reformers do not bind iis 
 as authoritv, any more than the writings of other pious and able Di- 
 vines of the Church of England. The authority is the Book of Com- 
 mon Prayer, which expresses the mind of the Church, and is binding 
 on the Bishop as well as the Priest, on the Crown and the ordinary 
 Layman alike. 
 
 riie Scriptures were prrseivcdliy the C'hurdi, thoiisU it «iis corrupted; but until tlie 
 ■ ■■ ixn'sona were iiliie to rcuil. 
 
 art of tirintinn; wns discovered, lew ixn-sona were iilile to rciiil. 
 
 + or the Apostles Creed, (or tlie (aeed wliicli lje:irs tluir uiime,) we have evideuce that a 
 ureat part of it was «se<l as eavlv as 160, alter Christ. The Nirene Creed was drawn u|) 
 from the general confessions of all Churches, A. U. 32.5, and tlie Creed wluch l)ears the name 
 of Athanasius, in the .^th century. ., , , , , , » r» o. i i 
 
 ± The names of three Britisii Bishops occur in the Conned held at Aries, A. U. .il4, nearly 
 three centuries lK;fore St. Ausnstine came over inlo Britain; and S(. Athanasnis seenis to 
 allude to some having been present, or who sent in their adhesion to the great Council ot [N ice, 
 
 ' "s The whole section of the Southern, Western, Midland, and some portion of the Northern 
 partofEiigland, Cornwall and Wales only excepted, .are iiidel.led lor the .ospe to Saint 
 Augustine. Some portions of the North and North-I'^ast were evanfjehzed by Bishops, who 
 did'aot at first submit themselves to the llonian See, nor keep ilk- I- east ot Laster at tlie 
 
 tiinie time. „ , , i^' - 
 
 N For in those days the Nation was the Chnrcli. ami the ( hiurli the Nation, 
 
 B 
 
^\U'j . 
 
 c1:.HT '^''^ ^"-^ '^^^^-'^^ ^0 all .ho conauue in ner 
 3 Ai^ain, it has been supposed, that tl,e Reformation was little else 
 
 shin InJ T' ^ , expression be meant, the liberty to wor- 
 l^p God according to the dictates of conscienc; without persecu 
 
 S:'™'C^ ,^" ^'°-; ^"- >^ 'li^i., ■:,:=. '^tr;; 
 
 1 o hb„ ^:, ""■'»:'»'''•• "■""'■i'^:) "f wl,cse na,n. lo,l,i,is ,l,e sup- 
 
 Ill, , ? . °' toinnions with boins; sent ,o the Tower (J r 
 
 Rom-fn C„IT ' ;°™-V"V™""^ ™'— -J numbers o £ 
 Uoman Catholic suhjecls for their reliijion, and finallv „ut the 
 
 h:Zj^^:%'° -f"''' ^'"'"> '■^•- "'« -.0 cause' N« 
 
 Not^i^ri :^;cr,°'''r''.'''''^'\°f.^"si=ndi„; private ;.„i^^^^^^^^ 
 
 lie trin '^„ "ev. ritv r ■' ^.ocond ,f we draw our iulbrences fron, 
 Tmtn, r,„ ^ ""' "" ^""^O"''' «■'» '™' "'" seven Birliops to the 
 
 arter the Kerorinat olrtin!;! ^t\°:;:;ef:rthLiihr;'ii;;^ iVf 
 
 ecclesiasticah A nd even our brethren of the laity were quite as ex- 
 "»„•, i;„„iii,,, ,„„, „,i ;,| ,,'ij. ' , ''""'T' i'""i« ?"-i'"'i». "r ..ir„*,Kd ij „ol,io. 
 
 an,! clic v„„ ,„»■.; rfopiM,,,, Oral „',.„„ iS' ,',"*' "'''■."=■' '•"' ''> Co™'". I» 
 
 »■■■., l»Ee:!!l3. o»to.iMi„,,.i„. _tollici-s Hi.toiy of Cieai nrilain, vokme 
 
 6 Tlip IviiKT ill 1.;.. .i„-.i ._' T^ . . 
 
 vi.i., page iii)3. b'--',„„.„.. — v^oiiicr's History of Great Rritaii 
 
 poarcof ,'l,e KU^^:Um>'vn^J^{!^Z^'::'^^^^^^ '!o not di 
 
 ■ , ^ -.111. ■ iiiKT lavop, wnvi 
 
 HuutJs st.uu ,,„( a ,top lo lihaly of coi.scienw. 
 
 tnrbed or 
 
 idtiirb tile 
 
 exasperated 
 
I 
 
 II 
 
 ufvt la the use of Uiese carnal weapons astl.eclergy,if we may judge 
 Lin the lives of Lord Chancellors Audley, Rich and Wnothesley, 
 and Mr. Attorney Coke, one of v horn lent the use even ol his phy- 
 sical powers to aid the weakness of the secular arm. But, perhaps 
 it was wisely permitted by providence, that the Reformation should 
 be a struggle not for toleration, but for truth. In more tolerant times, 
 though men might be more christianly disposed towards each other, 
 iheir^ninds would not have been so determined " earnestly to con- 
 tend for the taith once delivered to the Saints," and toleration would 
 probably have produced indifference. Whereas by a century and a 
 half of fierce struggles and bitter contests, through the mfirmity and 
 corruption of our nature, it was at last discovered, that persecution 
 for religion is a religious crime and a political blunder : a crime lu 
 relioion, because it is not the weapon by which the truth should be 
 defended ; and a blunder in politics, because it increases the number 
 of bad subjects, who do not scruple publicly to profess what in pri- 
 vate they disdain to believe : and diminishes the number of good 
 subiects, who are too honest to affirm with their lips what m their 
 
 hearts they deny 
 
 * We, however, 
 
 who have lived to see 
 
 universal toleration, or at least prolessed toleration, must bewaic 
 lest we confound toleration with scepticism : or lest we jmagine 
 that unfettered private judgment is the unlimited power oi public 
 abuse • for it is no very uncommon case to find those who are very 
 eatrer for their own right clamouring down all exercise ot it m others, 
 and denying them the power of seeing, hearing, thinking, and judging 
 
 for themselves. . . 
 
 4 Further, we must not confound the Reformation with the abuses 
 of the times in which it was brought about. In all revolutions the evil 
 will probably outnumber the good ; and it was one of the greatest mis- 
 fortunes of the kingdom, that the steps which lead to the Reforma- 
 tion wore full of the most heartless perfidy and grossest duplicity tliat 
 ever disgraced a Monarch on the Throne : and that in the first separa- 
 tion from Rome, as well in the dissolution of the Monasteries, 
 some of the principal agents seem to have had no other motives 
 but the lust of concupiscence, and the blinding love of mammon .f 
 These acts were not, however, the Reformation, though they are often 
 charged on it by Roman Catholic writers. The separation from Rome 
 
 * It is a rurious and l.iimiliatins fact, that the only man w >.. piopoun.loa tins li xity at the 
 time of the RVforrnatlou, wa« Sir Thomas More, in a hook then very l,tt o heecle.!, an.i wind. 
 Vrve • km V any one who ha.l rea.l, railed Ufojnu. The «in«„lar,ty of hus opinions n.ay he 
 Judged or hy the lord havin, passed into a I'roverl, to .i,nily any ^ •■»! -Monury an.Un. 
 practicable: See I,ord CamphellV l>ives of the Chancellors, vol. i., p. 593. ^i et even Moie 
 did not nractice what he roconinicnde<i. ,. , •, . 
 
 t A Kss.,lntion of Monasteries, Kins Henry divided part ^ / f^X^irZiJ m 
 lumdred and sixty gentlemen of families, in one part of Ln«land and ( ke '"«^J| « '^^^ 
 bv Moses,) they 1 .me corses both on the famdics and estate* of the owners.-Fnlle. « 
 Church History, bnult vi., 371. 
 
12 
 
 nerc.., |,o,.ecutors of those who hold I differen fc t^^ f7^'" 
 i^mhm:r wlio wrote the .iiost stroii-Hy in hi, honl- n. V„ ■ Au . ?! 
 
 fJr Ffl-'"'''''''^ ^''^ same opinions; and the bill was ca I 
 
 wr "STrT^^' ^rf ^"^ voting Against it.)^utu^^t^ 
 tl^all'^ ouirB^lo"^- ^' ^^'^ ^asno .„. Jnnsdic^ion in Enjand 
 
 ■nJSJH' 'r\l 'o"r''' "^' '■'" ^'^"'■'^^'' ^^^'^ "'^t ^'^« work, in the first 
 stance, of the Reforn.ors, l,nt of Cardinal VVolsey, who per uaded 
 im master to the act, and he having once tasted of^ bCl could no 
 . t rwards be restrained. But the persons to whom he sold o l"ve 
 
 Ihese facts do not seem to me to be sufficiently insisted on in 
 
 W? °\"V'' ■"'''' '"^ ^"^^- ^" '""^'^ °^^'- ■^PoliJtion of the R " 
 ZT u ^V''/^^''"' "'^" ^^ "° ^'^"'^t ^'''-^t i^i'lley and Latimer 
 
 held ir''"i' 'f "'"'' •'' '""'''■''''^' ^^'^^ Q"^^" Mary, whose name is 
 to tv T' / ^'^^^^^^^f*°"' '^^^ ^h^ only one of her Lily who eems 
 inv no.- .' ^-°"^^'«"ce towards Church property, or to have Ind 
 
 him ?r", "' " '"T ,"''""° ^° '-"^ ^«d ^^ ^-J^^t was once given o 
 h m . for she restored the estates of the Bishopric of Durham after 
 they had been all alienated to the Crown, at a inie wbeV he 
 revenues were so in^poverished that she scare ly knew wh. e to find 
 
 R ?oI.don ":v:"'"*^7T'^"^^-^ "'^^'"^^ ''^'"^' then th" to 
 tteionnation was not, let us proceed to show that the Re- 
 
 tormation was an act justifiable in itself. 
 
 Two things rendered the 
 
 Ffospitnl Snl,ool, Loi;! "'""' ^"'' »^'"'«''«'".) ''"" the noble f,.„,„latio„ of Cl.ris,'!, 
 
 J Af.or tl,n C.„nn.i.ssio„ors, appoin.c.l l,y Protoc.or Su.norso., had plundered every Parish 
 
 . he 
 hunger . 
 
 «o„l,i make a 'considerabicTldi.'L u,'7urcT'' '"' "^'''T' "''""^ ^•^'^' ^"chrllin" 
 Southern sight, and Ihcref re Me Innnn "%^'"^ "I .'''>m"te H'e -situation thereof, out of 
 
 Mary rest.rld il'i Ri^ ie /o it e^^^^ ^^/*^'" *«•" -V^-« "''"' Q-'en 
 
 HiMory, vol. vii., p. n^^ '^"' ''^"'"^"''"P ^H '1'^ I'inds on the sanie.-_Fu!Ier'« Church 
 
13 
 
 Reformation necessary : First, the enormity of the evils to be re- 
 formed, and Secondly, the impossibility of obtammg redress m any 
 other way. The evils to be redressed were cornipions ol doctrine 
 and corruptions of manners. , • , .1 
 
 It i= impossible, I think, to conceive that the system which the 
 Roman Catholic Church retains to this day could have been the 
 system recognized by St. Paul, St. Peter, and St. John, witlmut any 
 allusion to the prmcipal parts of it in the iNew Testament, lo sup- 
 pose, for example, that St. Paul or St. Peter knew Uiat all Apostles 
 and Bishops were to be subject to St. Peter as the Bishop of Rome, 
 and all Churches to tlie Church of Rome, or that prayers were to be 
 offered to the Blessed Virgin as our great mediatrix and intercessor 
 with Christ, and yet thaf they should pass over in entire silence 
 doctrines so unspeakably important (if true) for the faith ol all 
 Christians, and for the government of all Churches is to suppose 
 either that the Gospel was bv them most impcrlectly known, or it 
 perfectly known, most imperfectly delivered. And this absolute 
 silence of tlie Church in respect of these two leading features ot the 
 Papal system, was confirmed by an appeal to the practice o( the 
 Church itself, which the nearer we draw to the times in ^yhlch Chris- 
 tianity flourished most, seems to have known the least either ot the 
 supremacy of the Pope, or the intercession of the Virgin. i\ow, it 
 was found at the Reformation, that these two doctrines were so 
 deeply rooted in the Papal system, that no appeals to reason, or 
 Scripture, short of an absolute breach with the Papacy, could be ot 
 any avail. There were indeed other corruptions, if not so prominent, 
 vet not less injurious in their tendency, which were gradually and 
 succe'.sively renounced. These are, the definition ot the presence of 
 Christ in the Lord's Supper to be the conversion of tbe whole sub- 
 stance of bread and wine into the whole substance of Christ s Ijocly 
 and blood, thus overthrowing the nature of the Sacrament, which 
 consists not only of invisible grace, (that is, as our Church Catechism 
 teaches us,) the body and blood of Christ, but of a visible sign, that 
 is the bread and wine, which must remain in their nature bread and 
 wine, in order that there may be a visible sign.* Further, the denial 
 
 *Archlnsho,) Usher, a name .lesorvedly dear to all men of w:sclom ami p.ety , t h.s stnk ngl> ex- 
 nlunsX V ewof tl,e Churrh of Englan.l in this matter, in his sermon preached hetore t^^o Lorn- 
 ^nn Hnnse of 1' r 4ent in the year 1620. " The bread an.l wine are not dv.m^cA in their sub- 
 ^aLe fn^ie .^ hrsl" i^^^^ which is found at ordinary table; but in respect of the 
 Bacred u e" elnto they are consecrated, such a change is made that they differ as much 
 ^mnco^mrn Sand wine, as Heaven from earth. Neitlier are they to be accounted 
 b"relvT.S r bn r.ly cMlntne, also of those Heavenly things whereto they have rela- 
 ttn L be 5t, poi ed b/ood to be! a means of conveying the same unto us, and P"tt"ig us 
 n actua p ssessfon thereof. So that in the use of this lioly ordinance, as 7'; v ;'^ J^ "?^"' 
 with hi" l«dily hand an.l mouth, receiveth the earthly creatures, so venly doth he ^v ,th h s 
 «niri. nl hand and mouth, if any such he have, receive the bo<ly and blood ol Christ, and thi« 
 L^tl a r.«f a.ur,«i^«" m/, resence which are affirmed to be in the inward part "f l^^^-x-red 
 Tctit. irtrSX^^ must be held, is this, that we do not here rece.ve only the benefit. 
 
us 
 i 
 
 14 
 
 or Sc,ip,u,.e; ;/,e c„,,;rio;cLr::f'Sr^ ""'"'""•'-- Canon 
 tlie express words of St. Paul in I 7r ' ,r Z^^' '" °PP'>^'''"'n to 
 the pracice of St. Pe,„ ' !'| „ '! k'™"?/'' T"™">y "'"> Titus, 
 tile permission of our Savinnr „ "''"^ '■" """'"'<' "'="." and 
 
 'imitation, " titat air^fe / 7„U T ^e "1"™''' "'''' ™ ^'=P-- 
 whom ,t is given ;" tlm insistin" on t Hi L h""^' '"'? ""'^ "• 
 n tongue unltnown to tlie i,ec„\Z 1 '^""rgy being performed in 
 
 /- Cor., V. 14, an., the^eiri Sonhrcl"'^, ^' f '^ ^^"'' 
 Hon of a state after death distinr ft. u ^ll"""'' ' '^^'^ «sser- 
 
 in which souls are triec b^ f . u I ''?".' ^^^■•^^•^^' ^'^ Hell, 
 almsofthe Church; teai,t:>fourT'T''^ ^^ '^'' ^'''y^'' «"d 
 
 3-- remit they are\.e.n?tteT un o ,;:; ri^^^r "'^^^^^^^^ 
 openly for money; the .unno.in r ti ^ ', ^'J .^^"'"S indulgences 
 
 <ora.ance of workV n i„;rdrdl l" c" ^""f' ^>^ ''^^''^ P^- 
 out of love of God can dn L Commandments, but done 
 
 tion, and that H^ Z.': !^"J^,''''t.''''' ^^^ -Iva- 
 .^••V and finally, the assign V ^ifiAtL^:/ '""^" ''"^"^^^ ^° 
 inherent righteousness, wrou.h'I in u lw . « • "". '° ^^^ °^^" 
 to the merits of Christ imDuted to . 7 ^P'"' °^ ^°^' «"d not 
 
 All these corru,niL;7orl;„7thrr 1'r?^"^ 
 agamst and renounced at the r2\1 ^"f''S ^'^"''^'^ P'"otested 
 1st, That the entire silence of Scr Ire ' f"'' '^" °" ^^^° g'-^""^^ = 
 direct declaration of ScH, tu.' a.a nst nn . fT^ °^^^^'"' ^"^ *>'« 
 condemn them, inasmuch as nothinf . . °^ '^^''"' '^'^^ ^"^^'ent to 
 eluded from Scripture'hou d b ""^etS '""^^ '^ proved or con- 
 held to be necessary to salvadon S ^1?"^' °' '""''' °^ 
 such doctrines could be traced tn o ^ !?, ^', "^"^^ ^^^ry one of 
 and the four first Genera Council rnrco''" '"'^^ 
 and unacknowledged in the eal'sratT^r^rc'^^ 
 have been part of the holv treasnrv nfr\ • . Church, could not 
 speaks of as '^ the faith once '' onj/b « 7" f ,^.r"th, which St. Jude 
 So that our Church, in r^akinlthl j ' ''"'•""'"^ ^° ^'^^ faints." 
 in^on of separating herrelS^St%ttrSS "^^1 Tf 
 
 
 k 
 
I 
 
 and 
 
 55 
 
 15 
 
 Chrnt, but united herself the more strongly to it by throwing oil' 
 those later inventions, for which there is no warrant ni antiquity, 
 and, in point of fact, the ultimate act of separation came from the 
 Roman Church, not from our own, the greater part o( the Ivoman 
 Catholic laity having attended the services of the English Church 
 du^n. the liL twelve years of Queen Elizabeth's Reign, and never 
 bavin" been excommunicated by us. And she is thus both Fro- 
 testant and Catholic, and not in any respect inconsistent '"/rl^'^^^g 
 to be both one and the other. A Protestant Church is nothing less 
 or more than a true Church protesting againt the introduction ot 
 error. Thus when Arius arose and taught a new doctrine, 
 the great Council at Nice, in 325, protested, in tlje words of 
 the Nicene Creed. When other errors crept into the Church, she 
 again protested in the words of the Athanasian Creed. These are 
 the protests of the universal Church against particular ermrs respecl- 
 in.r ihe true doctrine of the unity of God, and the truth ot our Lon s 
 incarnation ; as our articles are the protests of our own branch of the 
 Church against other errors of a different kind, affecung vitally the 
 doctrines of Christianity. There is no difference in principle between 
 the two protests. The difference lies in the degree ol autlionty 
 possessed bv the Creeds, and the thirty-nine Articles. The Creeds 
 are of higher authority, because they are the decrees of the Church 
 universal before its unhappy division. The Articles have no au- 
 thoritv in any Church but our own ; nor do we seek to impose them 
 on others. And even in our own Church they are not regarded as 
 necessary to salvation. They are protests, necessary by reason ot 
 the abundance of error, but only necessary as long as the error asts 
 And that a particular branch of the Church does not lose its title to 
 Catholicity, when, in a lawful manner, consistently with Us divine 
 institution, it protests against the errors of another branch of the vine, 
 is implied in St. Paul's " withstanding St. Peter to the face, because 
 he was to be blamed," and is proved historically by ample evidence 
 
 ""^BeS' then, our Church is Protestant, does she therefore 
 cease to claim the title of Catholic 1 1 confess, I never could 
 understand the real meaning of this language. As otten as 
 there is any morning or evening prayer amongst us, we are- 
 all bid to stand up and say aloud, - I believe m the Holy Catholic 
 Church " But what belief we can have in it, unless we are mem- 
 bers of it, that is, unless we profess co be Catholics ? not of course 
 Roman Catholics, but Catholics, tbit h, members of a true branch 
 
 # 4=in^t f'vnrian and the African Cliurch protesting against the Decrees of Stephen 
 Bilhop^rfRomeTvrtllg^^^^^^^ '" ^'^ P^""^ '"' ^""^'^ 
 
 h« contPndcd. 
 
J6 
 
 oi Christ's Holy Ci.tholic Church, ibdrulcd hv r\„.\ , . • . • 
 
 ^ '>4t any person shou/d say this and nL ^ '^'•' '"'"'"''• 
 
 any difficulty, and vet for.rlr nr,? f ?^'' '''>^'"- '^ ^^i^'^out 
 
 allow those i:ho Jt i^^ .d U itthollZ,?" "^"'"^'f ' ^"'^ 
 
 'M?P'-opriate the nan.e, and se n, etelm to b 'I" .'T'''^ ""^ ^" 
 
 oi n, IS to me incomprehensible uZ ^ "''"''''>' ashamed 
 
 not Protestants ? i^/o, 1 w^^^ '' '"'>', ^^ f^'^, what, are we 
 
 not occur in any one «; o^ ttes .^sl ''^^ 'T' '^^'^ 
 
 we must, and wo shall only cease to be Pm . T^ ^'^^h^rofest 
 
 en-or left to protest againsf ; b !r i"„p^ i^'^f "^^ ^^'''-' ^^^-'^ is no 
 
 THK TRUK PnOTESTVVT Ho u 1 1^ CathOLIC IS IN FACT 
 
 Church teaches and the Sciimure n T '"''^'^ '^^« ""i^'^rsal 
 
 (to be consistent) pro est a'd In Tr^ T ^''' '"^ "« '"^'-^-^ '«"«^ 
 or the takin, awiA:m^;,;r;1.:l;^f ^^^^ ^'^^ addin, to, 
 
 .he^l^t::;- :;t; H'- ::- ^zt: '" ^r'^- ^^"'- -^^^^^ 
 
 tions in practice. It wou?d de'tain . 7" "''° '"'''"'^'^'^' ^^''''^P* 
 point,andthou.hmanv ™^^ ^° f"J-ge on this 
 
 rehearsing the Ion, 1- J wSS / ^niWiritef'r""" ■" 
 Cardmals, ambitbus Prelates rnv,n..t f^^^^y^l"^} ^P'^sjiceiuious 
 the recital must be ,)ai Rifto^'' XfT ' "^^'''•^1^'°>'' >'^^ ■^"'•^'y 
 believer in Christianity tn 4 ^tn^'l" '"'"^'- ^^^'^^ P'^"' 
 successful crime ^ ThaJ the n / I'?''' ' '" '"'^''^^ mysteries of 
 with a forced cehb.c v Te 1 n^ wea th and power of t4 Clergy, 
 
 of the Clergy in the times i^e io'^to h P 'f"' '"^ '''^'' ^^^^""^ 
 him believe who can. I bo r^f Reformation are true, let 
 Church, and the darkest a^s n nf . ^^^^^'^^^ ^'ff^'->y ^rsakes his 
 
 .i.e';ilr;."z Lr^Srj- "'?;,;i': 'if ^'™- r^™ ^'-^ «- 
 
 inm.edia.cly preceding oRefom'ln f ™''™'"H^ "'"l i" times 
 
 tool of l,is will, werecoZiufd L' A?'l'rV" "'^ >»'l'^«vie„, 
 Bishoprics of L „coln Dud Z, W- 1 '^'^'^'■''"I'fP'K; of York, iho 
 
 F.a„c'e, and the Abtv o's.i" ":'.'" !'' .T'' '''" ''°"'™^' '" 
 out (he revenues of ,|,'reo o Lr R .ll' '^"'"'/»r man farmed 
 ..ever saw their flocks ™r ,e ded^ l?'-''°f- '° ""'""' P"^'='=. ^vho 
 lives, and .bat this was i:::'^'^]^"^^:'.^ 1°"' "' "'!''" 
 Popes ; when we remember that to ■, .1,; ' i , ,^ successive 
 legative power of the Pope, and t : C an ' HoTstifo V «' ,"'° 
 
 a.X^b: ^,::^,;;t:^:S^ r ^'r ^^r" 
 
 'OKL me iicdit of an amiable and hirrh 
 
 f 
 
n 
 
 man, .roincr down to his dishonorable g^-^y^\'?^^-'^" '' \\ , Ji^^^ 
 
 h, 847 m tl,c mild and pcacelul sceptre oqu.lablc laws.u d 
 o> ,etl c virtues of Queen Victoim.-wliom, Ood preserve, fel U, 
 
 w^ever st id Usllv considers all ll.ese fads, will eeasc lo wonder 
 : V Ron Catholics, who have been langht to call tins the hegm- 
 
 ,i,l, nil «l..d, hi. i.m,.l». V"""';''.'' '. ,' . .^; , , ,t favcr «o.i. " H aem., iMgWy 
 
 ,,,m,i,,to ..r.te lt.r.,ra,alioi.. V^,™ , S, . Vl ^1^ ".i."l- Sir J. M»>ki»l".li. ■» 
 
 b;^:;;;"SS"i!;v;"™;-;;;;"s;;™«;5: £„„«,.. or»„„ «.„»i .1.™ =. 
 
 to resist crimes, but never de^nc.l tu do evil, 
 f 'riio Earl ol'i^urrcy. 
 
 5 Si!!:"!"':^... r wi..»..i»....';. """»■"- >^ '" '"•'■■" " "" " 
 
 -I,,' iiRi.l .ureeiiu- ineeci.. oflli.lory cvrr .■.uiupo.ed. 
 
It 
 
 13 
 
 ning of the R.»fonnation, regaid our religion with prejudice, distrust, 
 and aversion.* 
 
 Thank God, however, these crimes are not the Reformation. Its 
 benefits are to be looked for, lyoliticollj/, in the exemption from a foreit^n 
 and usurped dominion ; from acts of legal violence and tyrannical 
 power ; in the lair, open, and equitable administration of the laws ; 
 in the universal diftlision of useful knowledge ; in the general increase 
 and comfort among all classes of society, and in a far greater amount 
 of public principle, and real eflbrts to benefit mankind. 
 
 The real practical result of the Reformation, iheohgknlly, is to be 
 looked for in the English Prayer Book — a book wliich has been 
 more tried in the furnace of adversity than any book in the world, 
 not professing to be inspired. 
 
 Once it was all but interpolated by the influence of Foreign Re- 
 formers. Once it was cast out by fire and sword under the influence 
 of Bishops Gardiner and Bonner. Again it was restored and revised 
 by Convocation in the reign of Queen Elizabeth. Once more it 
 suffered shipwreck in the disastrous times of Cromwell. Again 
 it re-appeared with monarchy and order in its train. Once more did 
 Puritan presumption endeavor entirely to break it up, and substitute 
 a composition of about ten days' thought in its stead. And a^ain it 
 withstood the power of King James The Second, and proved stronger 
 than the Monarch on his Throne.f It has lasted unimpaired for 
 three centuries of unexampled conflict of force, passion, and opinion ; 
 and it is now the only stay (under God) that keeps the members of 
 the Church of England together, scattered as they are, and increas- 
 ing throughout the world. Dynasties have arisen and have ceased ; 
 revolutions have come and passed away upon the wings of time ; the 
 
 * " III a word, it may hv truly said lliat Ilenrv, as if ho had intended to lew war against 
 every various sort of natural virtue, prorlaiined \)y the executions of More and "Anne, that he 
 henceforward bade dcliance to compassion, afl'ection, and veneration. — A man without a good 
 quality would perhaps be in tlie condition of a monster in the physical world, where distortion 
 and deformity in every organ seemed to be incompatible with life. — Rut, in these two direful 
 deeds, Henry, perhaps, a|)proaclied as nearly to the ideal standar J of perfi.'ct wieljcdness as 
 the infirmities of huMiaa nature will allow."— Mackintosh's History of England, vol. 2, p. 204. 
 
 t The compilation of th(? Reformed Ollice-Book was cntrusteri "to a C'onnnittee of seven 
 Bishops, of whom Cranmer and Ridley were two, and other learned men, in 1518. The 
 whole Prayer Rook was (irst put forth iii the year 1549. The second Book in 1552. It was 
 cast out in 15.53. It was restored after revision, more nearly as wo have it no\», in 1557, 
 Once more revised in 1604. It was lemoved to make way lor the Directory in 1645. It 
 was restored and again revi.^ed in 1662, after which period" we find no alleration. But it is 
 a great mistake to suppose that the I'rayer Book was made even at the earliest of these 
 dates. It is almost entirely a con-.pilation from earlier limes, judiciously framed. This will 
 appear by the following brief summary ot evidence (from Palmer,) respecting some portions 
 of it. The verses and responses after the Absolution, are found in ihe six.li century. Read- 
 ing of Psalms and Lessons alternately, was appointed by the Coiuicil of Laodicca, in the 
 fourth centiu}-. The Te Demn and Alhanasian VycvA were composed in the same century. 
 The Prayers follo,vinj; the Responses are found in oftices of the sixth century. The Collects 
 tor Grace, for Peace, and for the Clcrf^y and Peojt!,, have lieen tised by the English Church 
 for above twelve hundred years. The prayer of St. Chrysostom is also verv ancient. Litanies 
 iiinilar to our <i\Mi «en' <:crlaiidv used in the ('hnrch 
 
 siNtoeit centuries anjo ; 
 
 id we hare 
 
 _ - . i«Wi n il 
 
 m )i »ii imM.aj i ]n;ii». irj^ 
 
 I 
 

 has undergone an eniue auu t- 
 
 Praver Book remains unalterca. 
 
 "Id is .his *e book •l-'C',u.i,,„en tamper wi,^^ 
 
 .„.iqu.ted j«..book, - » ;M . fo, on n »l ^^^^^ ^^^^ ^^.^^ ^ ^^^_ 
 
 when Iheir own names he b^necl m u ^^^ ^^^f„„ 
 
 the Reformation, and that .s, to ^"^"'^YX^^,.,, ,„a corruption of 
 ,n.peratively called for 'y ^'m d^f o e^^^^^^^^^^ by the adoption, 
 manners-a change so !'«?''> "^fj/l^^a p'ious a guide as the 
 ratification, and ^onUnuance of so oly a p .^ ^^^ 
 
 Prayer Book, embodying a laige FJ^^ °' ^^ " ^nscriptural, should not 
 ancient service, and rejecting all th t w^^ J"^ ^^^^ , ^ted ; 
 have produced eftects equa ° ;^\^,";'^f' ,,pose among bodies 
 but that there exists, I \'f' ''}Z\Z^ ^^Zi^le, than ourselves. 
 who (we are apt to think) enjoy ^^^T^^^^.^^ "^^i ^r religious, for 
 Many causes riight, no doubt, be ^^^'f;^'., P^^! ^^f , ° sons/ 1 shall 
 ^is 'weakness, and different ^^^^ .^^ /j^l^^rto me to be, at all 
 content myself with assigning on wh c s^e ^^^ p Soolc 
 
 events, not ummpor ant.* I s th's .mc J ^j ^^^ p ,r 
 
 arc not taken in their natural sense «"« . .7„f " 
 
 %ook are not honestly hmbly, j!^f^« '"J V,: ^Cut^ tl- natural 
 practised. A great dea has be«n heaul ^t a e ^^^^^ ^^ 
 
 Ldnon-naturalsenseof heT^.ty.nn^^^^^ ,^^^^^^ ^^ 
 
 an attempt to prove ^^a Jt w^. po ^^l^ ^^^^^^ ^^^^^ 
 
 Roman doctrine to sign the ^'^^'^;"' '"/' mpil^ never intended. 
 fact, to strain them into a l^-^^^^l ^^^^ P ' ,,i„k, generally felt 
 As soon as this doctrine was b^^^^'^'^'J'nhu ch of England, to be 
 ^^-°^r"'t;t = :n il'diafel occur^ if Juch be the 
 Z^:::^sI:^^^o^^^^^^^^ is it to subscribe P^na>^f 
 
 \°2a year "'^lerels cadence e-ugh fo-.y ^--jf J,^^^^^^^^^^ Original Litur. 
 
 HXbut re-formed " But -h-^ev - ^e^ ^^^J^^^^ ^,,j,,„ed Church- 
 gies, Curdwell's Conferences, ^"^ Documcntarj 
 * * See Note at the end of the Sermon. 
 
'Hi 
 
 wliat use are ilie A.iiclcs ihenisdvos: This .sdieine, ili..,. ^^}uvU 
 was not altouvilior n.,\v in iis principl... Iinvii.n heon bioi.ch.Ml l.y no 
 less a porsr.n iluu, Aiclideacon Palcy, bni .suin,nvl.a( mn,-\ i„ i,s 
 appliciilion, was soon felt to be untenable, and the leaine.l and in- 
 geinons antliorofit must have perceived, that be liad only eiit the 
 yround fioni under bis own leet, witliout doin- any of llie -rood be 
 nitended. It seems, bowever, not to bave oceuiicd to nianv who 
 liave been loudest in reprobation of tliis suoyestion, ibat tjieie is 
 auotlier tinng to be condemned besides a non-natural sense of the 
 Arlieies nn(i that is a non-7,ah(raf sense of l/,c whole Prai/cr Hook 
 ami oj all its serriccs. 
 
 Are we at liberty to take tbc Articles in a real sense, and the 
 liaptisinal service m a fictitious sense? or to take only tiiose Articles 
 wbieii make agamst Rome, and pass by those which make against 
 Ueneva :; Js the Article a.,rainst Pur-atorv n truth, and thJ" sen- 
 tences oi the OHertory a fiction ? Is the protest aijainst induloonces 
 a reality, and the visitation for the sick a dead letter?— and alUhese 
 you will observe, drawn up, revised, ratified, and enforced by the 
 same authority, and included in the same book. But. in fact, there is 
 sonieihing more to be said in i)alliatiun of a non-natural sense of the 
 Articles than of the services. The Articles are most of them con- 
 troversial, some ol them so worded as to include men of diirerent 
 innuls_as the 17th. The servicis are uncontroversial, devotional, 
 and generally very plain and uuambionous. VVbut reason can be 
 assigned for not taking such words in their natural sense ? Certainly 
 none that would not apply with greater force to the Articles. Here 
 then, seeins to me to lie on.- source of the practical weakness of the 
 Church ol England, that so many of her professed members, or 
 attendants,— lor members without Communion I can scarcely call 
 them,— cither use the services of the Prayer Hook only to explain 
 them away, or submit to them to save themselves the trouble of 
 thinking, but do not really believe them. A Roman Catholic be- 
 Jieves with all his heart and soul in the authority of his Piiest. and 
 the unity of bis Church. A Wesleyan believes heartily in the 
 cfiiciency and unity of Wesleyanism, and the truth of Wesley's 
 Hymns. A Bajitist is a thorough believer in the necessity of adult 
 Baptism. They all support and help each other ; but how many are 
 there of our own j^eople, who can give no rational account why they 
 are not Roman Catholics, Wesleyans, Baptists, or Presbyterians. 
 All they know is what they are not ; but what they are, it would 
 puzzle them sorely to tell. All they are agreed en, is the desirable- 
 ness of coming to no fixed conclusion on matters of religion. This 
 kmd of disposition, which I consider to be an extensive application 
 ot the doctrine of the non-natural sense, or in other words, the doc- 
 trine of no sense at all, is a perpetual source of weakness, suspicion, 
 
 I 
 
 I 
 
}, 
 
 ,vUI. our own »J ''^' ' ^,,„ view Uny •"l<'-' "' ^ „ ,„„ „„t all np 
 \Vl,c-,c;« •" "" ^° „ •,„,,■„,. nolo .. >«='"' • '^J' £'„ ^ Clunclnnan 
 
 t;:;;-;.,ie'lpt-:i[j':,ru:^v^ 
 
 will, than any oth^i «'y „„d w.lli each °"J' . ;.„„ ■ 
 
 want or ^yn";, >; - 'i ° d',:>,e of all o.be,- bcd.e. UnBt ^^^^ _^^^^ 
 
 - ir : ;r 3 "«,.. •« *e .,,.. y «-> ,- , , ,n „>. 
 
 or,\',„, /=l.all monuon^n. • -- ;,,„,.„„„,„y ,u, y *;, ^^^0. 
 C nncli, would only un" ' J . , ^onrcos, o.' il I 'y , ,„ 
 
 U,.,n. own l'«y«' J^-^J™: ,„ 3,-., wonW -^^ -- j ' , f^, ^onUl 
 t'.me nclination, oi nibcii ;= w ser than tliemscivL. , 
 
 Sl-cb or J-'S'-''- ';S s o'r *:'Roro,n,anon a. .hoy find U- 
 „„,.ec to act on >' « P ""^ P'' ^ hiing to Chnvch, U>en^ ^_, 
 
 ■„t that book ,'•^1'^ '' .' "^,„,„e sntallev maltc-s, wo ^ °"^^ °-^„ „,„ 
 though we ™g 'V''f4™, ; „cl those princples »nld ot ^_^,_, 
 
 S0-™\ I"':rf;a,°yh "cause wh..n "'-yg^-r .n^ "O- -' ^-^ 
 
 -T '" '"' 'sS Ao arc good a"",""":' Se °f -""". -ith 
 in despan- b"!' '" . , |-,^ed eudurmg 1'""=' ;° . enlightened 
 ber than .nan can ^«-> J , ,„. „„„ sonls, and a sou« land en ^^_^^^^_ 
 „ veal earnestness abou ' ,,.,,i, ,|,ey avcnembets As 
 ,Utachn.ent to ''";, C;'"' ^l'^," i„„e„s to the ...ark. t^" ^^f,,. fe^^stin 
 .boir die is cast be., a fV „„ ,,„,eh they have - l'-;„pj,„,e. 
 
 :;;er:. IX rUrXo or Ood. Eternal Day. 
 
 
NOTE TO P^^'^ 
 
 19. 
 
 •'4- 
 
 ^^""1' VaZ vve fi.>J »" >vhere eU«. ^,,i,' because '» ^'"^'y/^^^v U. il'^"" ^'>« 
 concepl.on3 ot U « »« ,,„i, ,,r ''';^: 'Task i-o fmU.cr H"'^^^''^"^',,,^, .selves, 
 
 °" ^'T'7v and" o a temporal prov;-' ^^ ^ ,\,'^t long ngo >■-;.';;, 'X'"p,ote.lnnt 
 own body, unu I J j been, wey ^,„ng., xv iin ui , j , 
 
 the Cburch " J^^g , a,, Catholics, ""'^yj, is pS.ple is "cted «" ^y ;' ^J ean 
 devised of a sHtPty-\> 
 
 I 
 
•i\ 
 
 w(>'-(U wore yet. niigiii!; in lacirti curd, •' Wlmlevcr yuii do. ioavc not the Cluiicli," 
 bt'luro eHlnuigcmeiU became cerUiiii, and separation unavoidable. Wby siiould 
 men be driven iVom tlio Cliurcli because tbey cannot express Uiem.seive3 gen- 
 teelly ? because llieir iiajids are rougi.' and tiieir voice is over ioudP l.s no man 
 tu get to Heaven who cannot sj>cak in a wiiisper? To snni up, then, this part 
 of the subject: — Tlie Papal strengiii lies in devoted obedience to one ruling wiij. 
 The strength of religious bodies at the c'hor extremity of the horn, lies in their 
 sway over the aHections of the multitude ; the strength of the Church of England 
 lies in lior reason, hor moderation, and the hold \.'hich a body constituted as sKi 
 happily is must ever possess over the judgment of the better educatc(l ot man- 
 ki'id. Hero -.i^, as it were, the jwwer of the will, t.;e powci of the u;.derstand- 
 ing, and the nower of the affections disunited. i3ut in the Apostolic Church 
 these elements were in union, for there was " the spirit of power, and the spirit 
 o\' love, and the spirit of a sound mind.^^ Tliero was rule vested in the Apostles, 
 but limited by the pastoral and loving nature of their conunission— limited 1 y the 
 ollico of I'rosbviers being aiUanced close to their own, (the administering oi the 
 two great ordinances of the (Jhristian religion being placed in the hnnds of all 
 priests,) limited by the will, advice, and co-operation of the laity, which was 
 always taken in great public assemblies of the Church. Why, then, should it 
 1)0 a dream to suppose that these elements may be again re-composed .' that 
 borrowing from the I'apacy and the Creek Church, whatever their system has of 
 strength of obedience; from the Church of England, whatever she has of wise 
 and iScripluial nuuleration ; and from the other religious communities, whatever 
 lies in them of burning zeal and true nfTection, purified from its disorder and 
 excess, the will, the understanding, and the affections of the wiiolc Church may 
 form one " perfect man," and without sacrificing one point of essential faith, 
 necessary discipline, or Apostolic order, may return to its original constitution 
 at Jerusalem, on a scale commensurate with tlie necessities of the world ? Then 
 might the Church write once more on the margin of her decrees, '■ II seemed 
 ^ood to the Hoh] Ghost and to us." This may be only a dream. It may be too 
 good for fallen earth to see. lUit whether the words of Prophets and Apostles 
 are to be taken in this sense or not, at all events it is not a delusive dream. For 
 it will not load ns out of the path in which God has placed us as members of the 
 Church of England, but will rather shew us that ive have onr own dulij tofulfd in 
 Oity own bodi/, and tital our part is palienlhj to do that dulij, and stand Jdst in it 
 to Ihc end. O that God would hasten it in his time. — Amen. 
 
 There is another cause ot the strength of these bodies, which has been often 
 eiiLiroly overlooked. Their members are much more nearly on a level in point 
 of education, intelligence, antl station, than the members of the Church of Eng- 
 land. Their natural affinities and sympathies are therefore all linked together. 
 There are very low class distinctions, feelings, and prerogatives. They who 
 attain to a more than ordinary degree of learning or wealth, often leave the 
 l?ody, or by way of compromise, send their sons into the Church of England. 
 Those who remain behind are not much elevated one above another. There is 
 therefore no natural dilliculty in exciting and moving the mass. It is easily 
 leavened and indoctrinated. There arc no prejudices of caste, no hereditary tra- 
 ditions to be got over. There is therefore no condescension on the one part, nor 
 obligation on the other. Each man makes or fancies himself to be the hero of 
 the piece, and acts as if he thought that the standing or falling of dissent depend- 
 ed on his own personal exertions. To the zeal of such liodies too mueh praise 
 cannot he sj^ivcn. It is the great lesson J'or lis to copi/. They do everything for 
 themselves; and we want to have everything done for us, and then, looking on 
 with magnanimous approbation, wo say, " Well done !" 
 
 Now, the secret of their strength has been, in some degree, the secret of our 
 weakness. First, the polar star of the Reformed Anglican Church was truth. 
 That being secured, (after a century or more of bitter struggle,) men seemed to 
 think that truth would take care of itself. With such a body of theology, the 
 (Jhurcli ot l^ngland must prosper. Miit the nation and the constitution began 
 
•■)"=1 
 
 
 ; ", case. Ti>oir l"' '"f '"" "L-^iot ocquit llicn, of Wa.™ ; '"..'i'^.,",,, Rome 
 
 bill there is nnicli 
 
 Urieft Itr"Uo not acquit U>e.uj^™- ^J^ ,,^,,een Rome 
 
 .. ....^.».,-, ^^^y Secondly, our posUiou m ^> ° "~, ^./j vnoral position, 
 
 ha3 its peculiar pel 13. .'^ "^, ,^, ,■ .' labor, nicH ot lougU .^' U seems 
 
 10 them to _be /■'•.ai.nm_g ^^^\^_,^^_,^^„^ ^.^^ ^^^ ,,_ _^j,^ clo^_>^ou l,,^^ ^j. j^^,.^,„ 
 
 ,,t .vc reach the gaor--^^j.j^ 
 
 doubt and perplexity, Jf^-J/^'^elove.'' But ''"r'fnnHncl V on each other : 
 ,„„dg us last to ^'«^'-\t\ou members sometimes lo^^^^f ^'^J^Sis ,Tian more 
 oacofourdifficuUieb.liatour I ^^.^^^ „,,,„ l^ "'';.,« uigg lies in 
 
 'Z not this man "--.l*-" ' t, ,.er ' Another --'-;, ,";>^,-t4land K - 
 than half a Dissenter .^ Xtv which constitute the Chi.rcli ow^. ^^^^ ^,j. 
 
 to different classes « «°^'; y,;\rJ; , source of «lre"gth the -^^^y (,,,,,.,,,, 
 ^'"t:"r'tha'^ -!-°^^3oiSsnppUethr that U^ 
 
 but our imperfection turns it ?»to an cvjl. 1 he ^ ^^^ .^ .^^^ ^ ,^^„ 
 
 to sit near 
 
 Alas', is not one 
 
 lar much more 
 
 ^"' °"Vp low -''ti^ey complain of U. ^'^"yr;- paction. AU 
 
 fpo^ mro^ a in of c^lor or a person ot 1. ex^ ^^^^^ 
 
 r/ave good enough for us all . Mu ,,^„ body can ^PPe^^^^^ . j^,,,> 
 
 t athsome to the eyes of Go n a^ ,,^^ ,„d .'^'^^.f. t 'ilmrt ^'id ? The 
 
 Did the Lord of ^}^'y ''''\']:,a l^e we above doing ''\'l\l^^\ ^nd deceive 
 
 ^sorld has no power to binU ne ^^^^,_ ^^ ^,^^ 
 
 liw. Second y, ^leSovejj^n e^^ /J^j^Si 
 
 and appoints ^1'^'^ ,^'^, ^'^P';', es to maintain the fabric of th. J o ^ 
 
 U.e Realm in Englanp.^ a^c ^^ ,,^^^, ,,,, to intennent -n t he ,^,.^^ 
 
 ^--;.tom.ntainthei..r^^ 
 
 ' \^ ,.,c tn foru 
 
 ,,„l,ppoarton,e ", pait^olj ^^ „„, „„o«o,e, anJ secured . 
 
 rrSS'Sw^ntcri'cIs on,.o^c,..c,, on.„.a.a. 
 
'26 
 
 Province rccognizo no compulsory nte, payable either by them or by any other 
 bodies, for the^crcction or continuance of the buiidinii ; and consequently the 
 ("hurcli Yards are not, (except by special enactment,) property held in trust for 
 the use of all. The principal features, therefore, of an establishmenl in England, 
 viz: the acknowledgment of the Churcii as such by the Sovereign, and the sub- 
 mission of the Church to the Sovereign as her temporal head, and the taxation 
 of the people, generally, for such end, are here in one important respect wanting. 
 Again, the Canons which bind the Clergy in England, all proceed on the strict- 
 est rcirimcn of an Fslablishment, but where there is no J'jstablishment, or only 
 
 the name, it is a question yet undecided, whether they bind the Clergy, as 
 i'>ngland, or no. 
 
 I only mention tlieso things to show how much the undefined, anomalous state 
 of our Church hampers us. Men's minds have been used to State-notions and 
 State-assistance, and they are suddenly thrown into a new position, (without 
 being positively assured of any thing,) and loft to their own unaided resources, 
 except so far as the voluntary charity of our English brethren steps in to help lis. 
 But unfortunately, the ancient notion clings to the mind when the reality is 
 irone, and therefore, instead of helping themselves, many of us are trying to 
 linger on in the dreamy security of an Establishment. We may be quite cer- 
 tain, however, to bo rouglilv shaken out of our slumbers. Help ourselves we 
 must, if we mean to increase, or even to stand. We, (I mean the Clergy and 
 the Laity.j must do more, work harder, give more largely, live better, and be 
 more zealous and more consistent than we have been hitherto. For as every 
 instance of an unfaithful, or even amiably indolent Clergyman, does far more 
 injury where the nuiidier is small: so every Layman, immoral in his life, cr 
 manifestly wanting in zeal for the interests of the Communion to which ho pro- 
 fessedly belongs, not only occasions a blemish, but inflicts a wound. Even the 
 very toleration°of the Church of England has proved some hindrance to us. In 
 our progress from Egvpt to Zion we are accompanied by a "mixed multitude," 
 who add nothing to our strength, and only encumber the order of our march— 
 who continually fall a-lusting after the " cucumbers, and the melons, the leeks, 
 the onions, and the garlick" of Egypt, and have no desire for the clustering 
 grapes of the Heavenly Canaan. Yet were these unhappy men, who have no 
 llxed religious principles, and who live only for a world whose brightest glories 
 lire short,°and whose speedy ruin is certain, might, possibly, if we were to thrust 
 them out from us, only sink down into more callous indifference— more hopeless 
 infidelity. 
 
 I need only name other causes of our weakness, peculiar to the Province, or 
 common to tiie other Provinces of British North America, because they lie on 
 the surface of things. Such are the pains taken by the Government of England 
 to send out emigrants without the benefits of art, of order, and religion, and to 
 find or lose them "on the hills and in the valleys, and under every green tree :" 
 the constant influx of settlers, some of one religion and some of another, and 
 some of no religion at all ; the unsettled state of our whole border-line, from our 
 constant contact with the worst class of American citizens ; the want of public 
 spirit, hopeful entcrprizo, and useful literature, which is felt by every thinking 
 mind among us ; the scattered nature of the population, and the fearful number 
 of persons" who attend occasionally at one place of worship, occasionally at 
 another, but are equally indifferent to any and to all. 
 
 I have now traced at some length what I conceive to be co-operating causes 
 of that degree of weakness and want of vital sympathy which seems to me to re- 
 tard the progress of the Church of England here and elsewhere. Some of them 
 may be partTal or temporary ; some of them may be in course of remedy ; but all 
 are greatly aggravated by the heavy curse that lies up us all— the divided state 
 of cliriste'ndom. Those who requested me to publish the Sermon, are not 
 pLdged to take the same view of things, because they did not hear it. But T 
 have^thought it right to lay it before them, because the Sermon is hardly com- 
 
 
 pietc V 
 lay ob: 
 may a 
 true r 
 'I'o de 
 eiitcm 
 of liv 
 who ( 
 
 > 
 
„y obsurvauou tor -o^uu y^but the only question '''^'^yxl^f':^' for ourselves. 
 
 
 CRKA'J'A. 
 
 •"'igo -^t;, Line ;J3.-For " Yd wen " rpn,l ^. v , -, 
 
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