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LORD AND LADY ABRRDEEN

?<■

^-^^^

A CHARACTHR SKETCH.

H\ W. T. STF.AI)

1. THE MIST OF CENTURIHS
OF SONG.

AND

WHATEVER Ki-udge t\w New World may heai
the Old, for its heritage of ill, it cannot
complain that it is stinted in the (•onnterbalancinfj;
dower of reminiscences of its roTnantic past. In the
midst of the metallic clink of the coin on the. counter
and the eager bubel of operators in the markets,
echoed and magnified by tlie jonrnalistic sounding
boards of the press until the atmospuere seems vocal
with dollars and cents, can be heard now and theji
stray notes of melody from out, "the purple past,
the dusk of centuries and of .song." These wander-
ing echoes of the clarions of the bygone time come
and go like the breath of the zephyr on the -.Eolian
harp. Sometimes it is a name, a place, a date or a per-
son which unloosens the latent music of the world,
but whenever it is lieard it carries us back in imagi-
nati(m to the vanished centuries which poet, novelist
and historian have irradiated with their genius, until
they glow with >he splendor with which the dawn
ilhiniines the Eastern sky.

The name of the present Governor-General of Can-
ada is one of the keys which Tinloose these chords of
the fairy music of old romance. When I was in
Chicago the boardings blazed with the ornate posters
announcing that a popular actor would shcjrtly appear
in one of the theatres of the city in hu famous imper-
sonation of Richard the Lion Heart. To-day there lives
in the Government House at Ottawa, the direct lineal
descendant of the warrior whose arrow slew King
Richard before the castle of Charles in Perigord. A
chasm of seven centuries yawns between the fatal shot
of Btrtrand de Gourdon and our own day, but it is
bridged by the history of a single family ; and the
soughing of the Canadian wind amid the pines seems
to bring with it far-away echoes of Blondel"s song and
the fierce clash of Christian sword on Moslem helm in
the Crusaders' war. The legi>ndary origin of the
Gordons of Haddo, of whom Lonl Aberdeen is the
living representative, does not lose its value from our
present point of view l>ecause its authenticnty is a
subject of antiquarian dispute, or because there are
authorities who trace the Gordon genealogy mucli
further back tlinn the days of the lion-hearteil Pian-
tagenet. Antiquaries question everything, and if tlic
Gordons were iti Aberdeen before tlie Norman Will-
iam conquered England. tlnVt in no way detracts from
the romantic interest that associates their name with
the tragic fate of one of the few English monai'clis
whose story has become an heirloom of the world of
old romance.

If the familv historv of F^ord Aberdeen recalls the

ancient gloii.- ut' ilic Plantagenets, that uf Lady
Aberdeen revives memories not less glorious, in the
opinion at least of one great branch of the English-
speaking world. Tlie (xovenior-General is a Gordon
of Scotland, but Ids wife claiuis descent not only from
the ancient king^ nf Scotland but also from those
of Ireland through the O'Neills of Tyrone. To
the Anglo-Saxon. Irish history is very nuich of a
sealed bonk. To an l?-ish tifitrint it is like those illu-

i.oiw \ui-:ui>EES.

minated manuscnprs wliicli still attest, in Kuropeau
umsenms. the glory nt CeUic art and the ancient
sfilendor of the Irish race. And among the heroes
whose exjtloits furnisli the illuminations to the gilded
page, the O'Xeills occupy a leading i)lace. Tliey were,
it must be admitted., no friends of the English. Nor,
indeed, was it po.ssible fur them to regard the invader
as other than the common enemy of their family and
of their race. Had tti>'r«' lieen a fi'wmore O'Neills in
Ireland, the courseot' the history of tliat distressful isle
might have been very different. T the axe and sword
and musket thinned their ranks, and although the story
of tlie O'N'eills is as f u<'l for the brooiling imagination
of the patriot, it resembles all othi-r Irish liistories
in its record of unavailing valor and of the pathos of
despair. In these later days, liowever, the cause of
Irish hlierty and Ii-i-h imtiiualitv has fniuid a repre-

fc-

THE REVIVM' Of Rl-Ml:WS.

tentative in Lady Al)Pi"(l('(.'ii, who from Iht jMisitimi
in tho inner arcaimm of Britisii rule iiia>' lif able to
do iiion! for licr country in tlic council clianilicr tluin
any of her stalwai't ancestors were able to achieve for
Erin in the tented tield.

Apart fi'oni tlie associations of legend and of ro-
mance that chi-ter round tlie family history of the
<Tovernor-( reneral aii<l his \vif(,' in tlu^ dim twilight of
tlie remote jjast, it is interesting to note that the
associations between the Gordons and th(> Amei'iean
continent date back for two centuries, to a period aii-
tectidtnit to the great schism by which George the
Third rent the English-speaking world in twain.
John (rordon. of Haddo, was created a baronet oi
Nova Scotia by Charles Stuart, King of Enghmd,
and the baronetcy is one among the many titles
bornt! by the Earl of Abei'deen.

Sir John Gordon was a Cavalier of the schf»ol of
Montrose. When the Scottish people were signing the
Solemn League and Covenant with their heart's blood
.Sir John was f'ortifyini,' liis castle and sharpening his
.'i^vord, and nnistering his fighting men to help the
King to govern by right divine. The fat<,'s and
tlu; Scottish people were', however, too much for
Sir John and for his ro3-al master. When the Mar-
quis of Argyle b(!si(>ged him in his castle of Ki'llie
his Scottish artillerynK'n, having no stomach for the
cause, deserteil to the army of the Covenant and Sir
Jolm was comiielled ingloriously to surrender. Thei'e
was sliort slirift in thuse days for the vancpiished.
Sir John Gordon was carried as a prisoner to Ediubro,
and in the .same month of July that CJliver Cromwell
on the moor of Long Marslon gave tlui royal army the
foretaste of the cptality of his Ironsides Sir John Gor-
don was judicially condemned to death and publicly
executed. The lesson was a severe one, but the effect
se(>nis to have been most salutary. From that time
to this, although his desc(>ndants may have described
themselves as Royalists, Jacobites or Tories, they have
always been true to the cause of liberty, of justice and
of progress.

Of this a more conspicuous example was aiTordedin
the person t)f the first Eai'l (if Aberdi-eu. Five years
after the first Nova Scdtian baronet went to the
headsman's block the axe of the executioner was em-
ployed on the neck of Charles Stuart, but after a
time the whirligig of time brought aboiit its revenge,
and the son of the beheaded king, having come to the
throne, made the son of the beheaded baronet first
Earl of Aberdeen and Lord High Chancellor of Scot-,
land. Argyle went to the scaffold, and the Cavaliers,
once more ia the saddle, jjursued their old eiiemies
without ruth. They found, however, that their Lord
High Chancellor ])rought too much conscience to his
work to serve as the tool of mere proscription. The
Privy Council , finding some difficulty in striking at the
heads of some of the Whigs, issued orders that hus-
bands and fathers should l)e held responsible by fine
and imprisonment for the o]iinioiis of their wives and
daughters. Lord Aberdeen, to his credit be it spoken,
declared fi-om the judgment seat that the orders of
the Privy Council could not be carried out under any

existing law. Tlien speaking as Minister he detdined
to propose any alteration in the law to enable thia
monstrnu> ininuity l(^ be legalize(l. The Stuarts were
a .stubborn rac ■. and instead of recognizing the justice
and integrity of Lord Aberdeen, the King drily ob-

LADY ABEUDEKN.

served that he would be served in his own manner
and according to his own mejisures. Lord Aberdeen
at once resigned. He was too loyal to the dynasty
to consent to serve King William when James
was sent packing across the seas, and he spent

thl

off

Jaj

■eri

liei

hel
R{
tot

pel

LORD AND LADY ABERDEEN: A ('.HARACTER SKim:/!

l.{

nner
deen
lasty
imes
ipent

the rest of liislifc in retirement. Ilf was. ho viver,
snffieiently free from Jacobitisiii to take the oatli of
allegiance when (.^iiecn Anne came to the throne.
He Avas waid to have V)een the .solidest .statesman in
Scotland, the fii-st of a line of which the present
Governor-General is no unworthy r^'presentative.

It wonld be a mistake, however, to imagine that
the Abfrdeeiis descend solely from the conservatives
or aristocrats of the world. Lady Aberdeen owes hnv
family name of Marjoribanka to the grant of cer-
tain lands made by King Kobert the Bruci^ to his
dangliter. ^larjorie, who married the High Steward
John>tone. wIiom' family in time snbstitnted tiie
name Majoribaidis tor their c-wn more prosaic one.
But not oidy is Lady Aberdeen associated by her
ancestors with the patriot hero of Scottish his-
tory, thtn-e is in her family story one of the most ro-
mantic incidents •which occur seMom far from that
mystic l)oi'derland of oldromance which diviiled Eng-
land irom Scotland. Among her ancestors she connts
the famons Grizel Cochrane, whose reckless daring
Baved her father's life. It was in the last years of
King James" reign and Grizel's father. Sir John
Cochrane, of Ochiltree, was lying in Ediubro under
.sentence of death. All efforts to secure his pardon
f.dled. The death warrant, .signed in London, was
fniwardedby miiil to Edinbro : on its arrival Sii; John
w.is to die. Desjiair gives courage to the most timid,
and Grizel Cochrane, seeing that there was only one
chance left, seized it with intrepidity. Disguising
herself as a higliwaymanshe waylaid the Roy;d mail,
an 1 clapping a pistol to the driver's head compelled
hiin to give up tlie death warrant. As soon as .she
poss(!Ssed herself of the fatal document .slie rode off
and so(jn had the jileasure of thrusting it into the
fire. Whether out ot consideration for the heroism
of the exploit or because of the Revolution is not
stated, but Sir John was ultimately pardoned.

Lord Aberdeen also boasts a Grisell amotig his an-
cestors, who, by the way, makes him a direct descend-
ant of John Knox. Among all men born on Scottish
soil there is none greater or more universally esteeme'^
than the great Reformer. Lady Grisell Baillie mar-
ried the son of Robert Baillie. the martyr, who was
John Knox's great grandson. Lord Aberdeen's grand-
mother was Lady Grisell's great granddaughter.
Robert Baillie was one of the martyrs for Christ's
Crown and Covenant, whose sufferings have done so
much to glorify the history of Scotland and to dignify
the Scotch character. It is a very pri;tty story, that
of Lady Grisell and of her visits t(3 the martjT as he
Jay in the Tolbooth waiting for death. It has features
whicdi suggest that Grisell was the original of Rob-
■ert Louis Stevenson's latest heroine. Grisell pla.yed
her part faithfullj' and nobly. She could not save
Robert Baillie, but her heroism anil beauty won the
heart of his son George, whom she married after the
Revolution of 1688 had made it safe for honest folks
to marry and be given in marriage. Lady Grisell was
H poet as well as a heroine, and fragments o{ her
minstrelsy to this day enliven the hours of the Scottish
peasants.

II. I'Ml-: I'KIMH MINIS II K.

The most notable name among all the ancestors of
the (tovernor* iem r.il is tliat of his gi-andfatiier, Earl
of Aberdeen, Prime Minisrer of tlie C^neen in the
miildle of the im'sent centiny. How great and good,
how ideally perfe(,'t a character he was has but re-
cently been revealed to the world. In tlie nsefnl and
interesting series of the (.^neen's Prim.' Mini>ters
whicli Mr. Stuart Reid is editing the most int'Test-
ing volume is tliat wliidi Sir Arthur Gordon has
devoted to the story of tlie Earl of Alterdeen. it is a
narrative which tends to deepen and reassure our
faith in liuman nature, and especially in the native
virtues of tlie ICnglisii-speaking race. Tlie discovery
of a great personality is to tlie historian what the
finding of a nugget is to the miner wlio is jirospect-
ing for gi-ld. To cotno upon a pure lump of metal
lying in an out of a way ;>lace is of much more im-
portance tlian the intrinsic value of the jiarticular
nugget. Its importance arises from the fact that it
suggests the presence of otliei' nuggets of equal value
which hav(> not yet been discovered, but may be re-
veali'd in that gold bearing stratum. You rise from
the perusal of Sir Arthur Gordon's monograph feel-
ing that the world, and especially the British iiublic;,
is riclK-r in human worth and almost ideal goodness
than you suspected before you turned ovtn" its pages.

Lord Aberdeen as Prime Minister closed his official
career amid the dark cloud-' and somlm- discourage-
ment of theCrimean War, Owing to tliat unfortunate
circumstance li.. which he was ovei-wheiined in a
catastrophe that he had in vain endeavon d to avert,
his real merits as a statesman wei'e ovr^rshadowed,
and it was not until his son's biography ajipeared that
men began to appreciate the greatness of Lord Ah(>r-
(leen as an imperial statesman. The memory of such
a man and the story of the services whicli ho was
able to render the Empire is a iierjietual incentive
to his grandson, whose shoulders ai'eiiot unequal even
to the burden of the heritage of so great a name.
Lord Aberdeen before he was ;i(i. h.id to jilay a part
in the history of Europe which is without a jiaiallel.
He was sent as special emis-ary from England to the
camp of the allies when coalesced Europe was rising to
throw off the tyranny of Napoleon. During the
whole of the campaign wliich cuhninated in the Battle
of Leipsic find the triuirphal entrance of the allies
into Paris Lord Aberdeen was the intimate adviser
and trusted confi'lant of tlie Emperor of Austria and of
most of the crowned heads of Europe?. .Seldom had a
young man so great a role to play, and seldom has
any om; fulfilled so difficult a jiart with so brilliant a
success. Nature and education had alike fitted him
for the position. A rare scholar, familiar with
modern languages, at home eipially in court and
camp, of a transparent sincerity and simplicity, which
enabled him to command th(> confidence of the sover-
eigns and statesmen with whom he was thrown into
constant contact. Lord Aberdeen contributed as much
as any man to the succe.ss of the great Eu.ropean
revolt airainst Napoleon. In his son's pages we catch
glimpses from time to time of this high spirited, chiv-

THE RHl//f:U- OF RFA'IFM'S.

nlrous Em^lishinaii living in tlif midst of aliii-iiis of
war ami in thf very vortex ()f tin' intriu'ios of lialf a
dozen rival conrts witli(»ut ever betniyin^^ the confi-
dence of a friend or saci'ificini,' for a moment tlie in-
terests of hiscoimtrv. Had lie rhme notliin^ elsi^ Lord
Aberdeen wonld liave conferred an ineHtimal)le service
upon tlie cansp of liberty and national indejjendence
by the part wliich lie played in that campaign.

Tlie (iordoiiH have often distitiKnisbed themselves
in earlv life. One of the same familv fell on the field

OEOKiiE (loRDOX, FiU'UTlt EAUL OF ABERIjEE.N.
Mfiniii-iiil liu«t ill Wc'Ktiiiinster Ahhcy.

of Waterloo a Lientenant-Colonel and a K. C. B..
when he was only 23 years old. Lord Aberdeen had
been tanfj;ht statesmanship as a boy at the table of
Pitt and Melville, in wliose homes he had spent his
youth, and who had besides inherited a great tra-
dition of public service broken only by a single link.
He had, moreover, been steadied by the responsibili-
ties of tlie iiiimagcment of liis estate at a time when
other young men have bai'ely left tiie university.
This, however, is not the iilace for telling the story
of Lord Aberdeen, the Prime Minister. <'xcepting so
far as it bears upon the prospects of Lord Aberdeen,
the Governor-lTeneral. As Foreign Minister, as (Colo-
nial Wei-etary and as Prime Mini^.ter, Lord Aberdeen

had as much opportunity as any living man in shap-
ing the policy of Englaml, both in Colonial affairs
and on the continent of Eurojie. It is interesting t'>
note, in view of the position which his grandson holds
to-day. that the most conspicuous feature of his ad-
ministrati(m of colonial atfairs during the short time
he was at the Colonial Office was to draw up instruc-
tions to Lor(i Amherst, whom he proposed to send a«
High Commissioner to Canaila with powers not only
to investiga..e but to settle in the most liberal man-
ner the grievances (\i the colony. Although Lord
Aberdeen vvas a Conservative aiid Foreign Minister of
the Duke of Wellington, he always set his face as a
flint against the doctrine favored by Lord Palmer-
ston of interfering in every possilile way short of
military force in the affairs of other nations. In liko
manner, although he was a peer and a member of tht>
permanent majority in the House of Lord.s he oji-
posed without hesitation what he considered the
Duke of Wellington's dangen^is policy of throwing
■lut the measures of the Reform Administration.
Notwithstiinding this, the leadership and management
of the Conservative party in Scotland Wiis forced upon
him by the Duke of Wellington and Sir Robert Peel,
who assured him that he had become ' ' the standard of
our colonial policy as you were before of our foreign
policy." Desitite his preoccupation with foreign
affairs, he was statesman enough to see that the
destruction of the Scotch Church was inevitable i;nleas
action was taken to jiromptly meet the dt'mands of
those who subsequently constituted the Free Church
of Scotland. His advise was disregarded until it wa.s
too late.

During his second term of office as Foreign Secre-
tary it fell to his lot to arrive at two important de-
cisions of vital imxiortance to the Dominion over which
his grandson is now presiding as repre* entative of the
Queen. When he entered office the relations with
tlie United States were somewhat dangerously
strained owing to frontier difficulties and Canadian
troubles. He sent Lord Ashburton to Washington on
a special mission to ailjust tlie difficulties between the
Empire an<l the Republic. Tlio frontier line which
secured British (\)lumbia for Britain was Lord Aber-
deen's handiwork. Lord Aberdeen had proposed in
the first Ciuse to refer the disputed question to arbitra-
tion. But President Polk took a high line on the sub-
ject and declared that the rights of the United States
to the territory in dispute were so clear and unques-
tionable that he was determined to takeactive measures
to vindicate American rights. Lord Aberdeen was
the last man in the world to deal in bluster, but he
was not to be bluffed by the President, and in the
House of Lords he stated that Britain also had rights
in the disinited territory which were clear and indis-
putable, and these rights, wiihtlie blessing of God
and their support, he was fully prepareil to maintain.
Aft<'r this iirelimitiary defiance on each side, a com-
promise was drawn up by Lord Aberdeen, and ulti-
mately ajiproved of by the American Senate. By this
means Britisli Columbia was secured to the British
Emi)ire. But although Lonl Aberdeen was very

LOKl) AND LADY AHHRDEEN: A C.HARAi.ir.K >Kl-.Tr.tl.

vigilant ill iiiuintiiiiiiii;; tlio ri^lits of Brlljiin In- ha'l
no aspiration to oxtt-ml British territory even wIkto
he was inviteil to do so. It is not genfrally known
that it is owiiij; to Lord Aberde«.'ns rfci!;,'iiition of
tho fact that tlit* Pacific Slope of California was part
of the natural heritai,'*; of the United States of
America that the British flag is not flying at this
moment over the (lolden Gate. When the annexa-
tion of Texas brouLfht tlie United States to tho verge
of war. the M(»xican government offeri'il to cede
California to Great Britain. Lord Elenborougli, then
First Lord of the Admiralty, strongly ur;"'d npon
his colleagues the iiiportance (jf accepting the offer.
" Let ns obtain possession," he cried. " winle we can.
of the key of the northwest coast (^f America." His
arguments proilnced some effect iijxm Sir Robert
Peel, tlien Prime Ministei-. but Lord Aberdeen s(!t his
face as a flint against the scheme. However tempt-
uig a bait San Franciscjo might be to a power which
had the onerous naval rc'siionsibilities of Great Britain,
he peremptoiily refused to permit the acceptance of
an offer \vhi(!h would have been considered as an
unfriendly act to the United States, ami which might
not improbably have landed tho Republic and the
Empire in hostilities. Such a possibility might be
faced in maintaining existing rights, but nothing
couM justify risking .such a disaster in order to estab-
lish British authority where it had not previously
existed. Sufltit'ient has been said to .show tliat Lord
Aberdeen, the Prime Minister, recognized the neces-
sity of maintaining a good understanding between
the United States and the British Empire to induce
him to swerve a hair's breadth from the policy which
he rccogiiized as both just and expedient.

After the rep(>al of the Corn Laws, which Lord
Aberdeen .strongly siii>ported. the Peel administration
fell, and on the fall of Lord Derby's Gi^vernment Lord
Aberdeen became Prime Minister of the Queen, a
post which he afterwards resigned umler circum-
stances as honoral)le to him a.s it was discreditable to
some of his colleagues. Her Majesty accepted his
resignation vith unfeigned regret. She immediately
gave him the vacant Garter, and wrote him a letter
which is worth while introducing as indicating the
kind of relations whiidi existed between the Sovereign
and her Prime Minister.

Windsor Castle, February 7, Ps.Vj.

Though the Queen hopes to st;e Lord Alwrdeen in a
short wliile, she seizes the opportunity of approving the
appointment of the Hon. and Rev. Arthur Dr)uglas to the
living of St. Olive's, Southwark, to siiy wliat she li;inlly
trusts to do verbally, without giving way to her feeUiigs.
She wishes to say what a prtiif; it is for lier to separate
from so kind and dear and valued a friend as Lord Aber-
deen has ever been to her since she has known him. The
day he became her Prime Minister was a vr;/ happ;/
one for her ; and throughout his ministrj' h • has ever
been tho kindest and wisest adviser, one to whom she
could apply for advice on all and trifling occasions even.
Tuis she is sure he will ever be— but the losiiiR him as lier
first adviser in her Goveriunent is very painfvl. The pain
has been to a certain extent lessened by the knowledge of
cUl he has done to further the formation of this Govern-
ment in so loyal, noble and disinterested a manner, ami

by /o'.s friends I'etaiiiini; tliiir posts, vhirh in a iirrat t»^-
curit y aj,'ain.-.t )Missit)le dangers.

Till- l^iieeii is f.ure that thel'rmce and hcrs.lf may ever
n-ly ii[)on liis valuable support and advice in all tunes of
dilhonlty, and she now concludes with the expre.s.sion of
her warmest thanks for all his kin.'ne.ss and devotion, aa
Well as of her un.dterable friendship an,' esteem for him,
and with every svih.h for his health and happiness.

Mr. (Hailstone at the same ti'.ie wrote .i letter of
sympathy, saying that Ik never regrett»>d having
urged hiui to .icceiit " the s(Mt of jJowtT. to wliich he
had a i)aramouut claim, conferred by superior wis-
dom and virtue." On his resignation Lord Aber-
deen remained in retirenu'ut. He ke))t up the rela-
tions which existed between liim and bis monarch
and continued to bring to l,ear u[)on jdl (pu'stions his
keen, impartial judgment, wliicli made his counsel so
valuable to statesmen of both parties. Lord Aber-
deen never (juite forgave himself for his share of the
bringing about of tiie Rus«o-Turkish war. His one
cause of regret, ho wrote in 18r)7, was that he did not
at oTice retire, instead of allowing himself to be
dragged into a war which, though strictly justifiable
in itself, was nn)st unwise and unnecessary. So
deeply did ho take it to heart that he refused to re-
build the i)arish church of Metiilick. He said he
would leave tlie work for his son. No one knew why
ho refused until after his death, when it was found
that he .shrank from building a church owing to the
share wiiich he had in the Criaie.m War. The sug-
gestion cann- to him from the text in the Book of
Chronicles: "And David said to Solomon. My son,
as for me it was in my mind to build an house unto
the name of the Lord my God ; but tlie Word of the
Lord came to me saying. Tliou hast shed blood
abundantly, and hast made great wars ; thou shalt
not build a house unto my name, because thou luvst
shed much blocxl u])on tho earth in my siglit."

Her Majesty visited him in IS'u at Had<lo House.
Three years afterwards ho expired in London, leaving
a memory of a singularly stainless career marred by
no selfish or unwortliy trait. No man was less of a
self-advertising politician. A ripe scholar, a sagacious
statesman, and a i)rot'ound and j)resciont tliinker,
ho constantly displayed an unshaken courage in
maintaining the principles to which ho was attached
and defending wliat he believed to l)e true against all
odds. Few British statesmen have had a greater
position and a larger share in the shaping and mold-
ing of their country, and none have ever emerged
from the ordeal with a higher reputation for a love of
justice and an unshaken devotiim to the cau.so of
peace.

In many respei-ts the (iovernor-Geiieral of Canada
reminds one of his grandfather. In ono respect he
differs from him. Tlie Prime Minister was so re-
served that Ijis real character was only known to his
intimates. His grandson is nft'ability it.self ; his ur-
banity, his courtesy, and his general amiability
enable him to be symi)atlietic witli all sorts and con-
ditions of men ; indeed, he has almost carried matters
to the other extreme. Tho grandfather hid his
natural kindline.ss behind a mask of almost forbid-

77//; Ki.rilM- or RlJIEllS.

dint; rcM-rvt', So far from \v<'iiriii,t,'liishc',irt upon liis
bIl'ovc, hi' liiil it hcliiiici a somewhat i-nhl ami .-tern
exterior. Tlio world thoii:;lil him proiul an I iiu-
fiym|iatlirtic ami tli<'i-ciii diii him an iiiju-'i •<■, With
tho ,;i'ami>on till' mi'-nnili'rstan'lini;' lifs on the othfr
fiiili', his rcaily sympathy, his alisolnte ror;;itfnl-
ucHS of M'lf, his na'ural lii.nhomj,', ari' aiit to Icul
thoHi! who ill) Mor know him to for^"t t'lat lirniMlh all
this cxtHMiic p'liialiiyof (Icmeanor t!:i re i-j coarealeil
a stron;,^ cliararter all ilie mu-e resohite to cair.s' oiit
its enil beran^e i, is exii'emely imlitl'efent as t < the
iin'ie fiirmalitifs of ccremonv an I ctinuette.

The lifih Earl of Ahenleeu. the son of thel'rime
Minister, 1 letter known as Lord lladilo, whose
memoirs, wiiiten hy th ■ Uev. \\. li. l-'lliot. of BriLch-
ton, has lorn,' hei'ii a favorite hioertiiiiiy amoai,' Evan-
g( licals. Tile work passed into a sixth edition twenty
j^i-ars ajio. Lmd lladdo was an invalid, whose last
years were s])eut in the constant presenec of deal li. He
took hnt .sli;;ht interest in politii.'-. altlioni;h he wa- a
lucmher of tin; House of Commons. He threw his
whole soul into the work of evantfelization. II'
preai'heil. he taught, h' distrihnted traets ami Libles,
built ehunhes and ;ieiii'rally laid himself out to pro-
mote as much as in iiim lay the I'omiu;;; of the King-
dom. He was sinurularly free from the hesottini; sin
which haracterizes most persons of a pronounced
evangelical piety. He was not intolei-ant. aud his in-
fluence was ever exerted to break down the barriers of
sect and the diirei'eiices which separated i^ood men.

On hi.s death, at the early aj;e of 47, he was suc-
ceeded by the sixth Earl of Aberdeen, the elder

brother of th' present Govern ir (general. His sin-
(;ular career wus on(! anioULf the many liiikn which
unite the Aberdcens witii America. Two years after
he hadsui'ceededtothe earldom, thinkim; that the re-
sources of the family had been soinewh.it drained
by the ;,'em'rosity of his father and by the H(>cefi-
sity of providin'/ allowances to its ymmicer meiubers,
he suddenly arrived at a straii'-fe decisjou, to whicli
\\<^ was, dou'rtless. jilso prompted by an innate love of
a'Uenture ; ml passion for u .-e.if.irin;,' life. Abandon-
ing; his prii cely domain at Haddo, he crossed the At-
lantic, and after ii short tour in the United States,
aii.'indoueii his name aud rank at Boston an(l shipped
himself as a sailor on bo.ir I a merchant shi[) which
wa> bound for the ('anai v Islands. Xo one on board
knew him a- aa earl : tliey only knew him as (reortfD
H. t )sboni. He W.I-; over (! feet hi'^Ii. handsome, full
of the natural courtesy of a^reat nobleman, but ho
served in the b)ri'castle as if he had iieen an ordinary
.seaman. He was enthusiastic about navijj;atioii. and
passeil in the Xautical (JolleLje at Boston as first class
naviij;ator and second class for seamanship. He had
not been lorn; enough at sea to secure a captain's cer-
titicate until the next year. He saih^l as mate in an
American coast ini;ves.s('l, but .-shortly afterwards wo
find him ,c.;ain as jui ordinary se;un;in makiiii; a voy-
at;e to Mexico. For the next three or four years he con-
tinued to earn his livint; before tlie mast. On one occa-
sion a ship in which he was sailim; visited the colony
\vher(( his uncle, afterwards Lord Staninore, was .i;ov-
ernor, but he never made himself known, although it
is said that one day he wrote his name on a pane of

AFFARIC LODGE, LOCH A3 HRIC, BEAULY.

LORD A\l> LADY AHhRDh.ES: A CHARAi. IHR sKHTrJi.

glass in thf (^dvcniorH rt'^iiltin-H. Jit^^^t^ntsb* voyages
he lived tor thi' most piirt in Main*-. H<- ^-^tti* ro tiavv
been very lifipjiy. 1I<' \Vii.< a hzi-i Tn>-irjr^f-r, and
toi)k iin (ictivf part in r<li;;i((af.ex»-r<.i«<^. t^jf.h ».n -hip
antl at lunnf. Diirinj; the who]*' <,/f fci4 «f)jtinrn in
Anicrira the tifth Ivirl only <ln-w £:i'*« fr^iTOi the r^-vv-
nncs (if his fstatfs, imr iliil hi* ijj"'3«- "i lliTin:/ liitTf-r
from tiiat of tin onHnary M'a;:i>inz Ui^m. In ['•To hf
started to make a v()ya;ie to Australia- b^iinif frf>m
there to complete the cirele round \iy- nloht-. Six
days, liowever. alter he left B"sT"ii W -jrai.* f^a^fht ViV
the higlit of the down haul a» lie aij<3 hi* w>mpanion
were lowerinj^ tlie main-ail. L,>rl A'*j*rT*I'-»rn was
caujiht hy tlie rojie aiid thrown inr.* thr. •^rA. Hi.-*
comi>ii"ion heard his cry for help a» Lh- <lr'j5>p»:il into
the water, but he was never sM^n or bK-arvl fit ^iuce.
His death wlien sirvinj.' as fir^t luaMf <■« Itufurl rhat
American shiji hron^ilit ahoiit the nf_:(y-^ir,n of the
present earl, John Campbell (rord'.nj, -wfotr was the
vonnKest son of Lord Hadd(j. and Uj wb^ytu thw ffketch
is more ]particularly devoted.

It was nei'essary to tlwell at luucli ,rT*-,ai!!.^T I»^n;rth
than nsual upon the character of I/tiI Alxrnlf^Ti'ri
ancestors. The (TOVernor-( xeneral is thfr rvs-nltant
of the very varied and stran:relv mjttkihfl features
whieii make up the sum of the Cjh 'nlx-jm c-faaracter.
There are in him majiy of the salient trait* f4 the more
notable of his forbears. He has the acliaimt-*trative
genius and statesmanlike ability of tb*- Pnme Mini.-»-
ter, the earnest piety an<l catholic ■erauij.^lwQ of
Lord Haddo, while he is by no mean* dev^jtcl of the
love of action and adventure which •sr«»r *»> -ttrimgly
developed in his brother Greorije. AJtb'jfiida he re-
Bembles many of his ancestors he ha'^ a -ii-tinf.-t char-
acter of his own, which will t^e l.>en.<!T afjpreciateti
both in Canada and the United Stales f oar years
hence than it is now.

III. THE EARL OF ABERDEEN.

John Campbell Gordon, .sixth Earl of A'^^x^deen.waa
bom in 1847, ,iust before the great T*f\- (Auzir^^rj out-
burst which shook the thrones of IEjot'i^*:. He i.s,
therefore, 46 years of age, but d<jes not k*yk mrtre than
36. He has a singularly youtliful apjA-^iraofre. and in
this he resembles Lord Rosebery wh<.*se JmveTriliry of
aspect has fre(iuently occasioned remark. an«'l which
for some time stood in the way of the T*r>yif£mr.\<>x\ oi
his qualities even by scj familiar a frieuJ i- Mr. Glad-
stone. Lord Aberdeen Avas only a y.*-jjx;^r *>>n till
1870, when the death of his brother Gw^nf^ save him
a seat in the House of Lords and br</aaritt iaixtt in -i^lit
of the career which u}; to the pretnenJ cv.m^nt; ha.s
been one long i)rogress of increasing i^tTwn^ to the
State. The Gordons are ijhysically a fiuie race, and
the present Earl, although not so t.al] a- hs* iyr>>«faeTs,
is much stronger in umscular devf-Vj-pment than
might be imagined from those who not<r Im.- f^^rapara-
tively slight build. Like most men of Id* f^omly. he
is extremely fond of sport — physical t^xtniaMr, B<jth
of his brothers were splendid shot* with tii»^ rifle.
having carried all before them at WimWe^ion on
more than one occasion. It Wfs tina eitFffunf: dev<>-

tion to till' rillr whi<li li'd |m tln' lamentable arcitlent
whii-h can-ed the ilcatii of his seem d lir<ither.

L'lr'l Aberdeen, iiowever. unit"'- witii tlie love of
spurt whi<di i- cunminn to nmst lande<l arisftvnwy
a |ia-sion winch among peers is alm"-t uniipie —
from ho\ hood he has liad a de]i;.'lit in Incnmotivi'
eiiLrmes : he is probably tin- only pi. r who c«>uld
ilrise an engine fri>ni Lond"n !■> Ivlinburgh.
Throngli the indulgence nf a relative wht-n he
was still a schoolboy he had i>ernii»iwn ti> ride on
the engine of a local railway and he never, if he culd
help it. rode iinywiiere else. He liad no greater d»»-
light than to stand in front of the fir>--b">x acting as
fireman or starter and occasiciiially b.jng i^'rinitted
to drive the engine. He still remembers :is ene r.f tho
proudest days of his life how. wlien he had fiid-hed
oiling tlie engine when at full >^peed. thenMeni^ne
driver said to liim : ■• Jolin, 1 think I nui.-t apjdy for
a day's holiday and let you take diarire." From that
time forward Lord Aberdeen has never \<^t touch
with the l()C()m((tive engineers : no one is ninre iH>pu-
lar with the railw.iy serv;iiits in the nld country and
nothing but the lick of aciinaintain-e with the road
and the signals sfam-ls in the vvay ef his beingable to
take a C.inadian Pacific e.Kpres- right .uro-s the wliule
Continent from the Atlaiitic to the Pacific. He is
certaiidy the first (Tovernor-(ieneral who was also an
engine driver. Kugine driviru;. in fact, may Iw con-
sidereil as one of his favorite jinlihies. and '>ne of the
things which he limked forward to in th-- new world
was that of making a study of theenginesof America,
as complete as that which he has made of the Icxomtj-
tives of England and Stotland. It was this ixjyish pas-
sion wlr .'..first introduced himtoiaibliclife. Lord De
la Warr had moved for a .select committee intf) railway
accidents and in siipport of his motion Lorcl Al»erdeen,
who a very young man. made his maiden sjx'ech in
the House of Lords. There is no more difficult audi-
ence to address than the Peers, but his kn« >wledge of
the subject and the enthusiasm with which he ex-
plained the technicalities of railway management and
the mysterie.s of fly-shunting to the Peers won hiia
high prai.se. and when at a later period a Royal Com-
mission was constituted in order to incpiire into rail-
way accidents he wat» immediattdy nominated as a
commissioner. Of this commission the Duke of
Buckingham was the first chairman, but on his ap-
p<nutmeut to the Indian presidency. Lord Aberdeen,
although one of the youngest members (jf the commis-
sion, succeeded him as chairman. It was a remarka-
ble elevation for so young a man and one of which he
made the most to the interest of the .-ailway servants.
The Commis.sion reported in favor of the blix-k sys-
tem, continuous brakes, continuous foot boards, and
of many other improvements which the railways have
for the most part introduced of their own iK-cord. A-s
the commission was not unanimous Lord Beaconsfield
shirke<l the duty of legislation. Few (pjestions are
of more importance ill the New World tiian that of
reducing the unnecessary slaughte)- (jf railway em-
ployees, which in the United States attains dimensionti
far in excess of that of any other civilized country.

THE RHl^/m- Oh Rh.^ll-WS.

There '\» inulialily no man wost of tho Atlantic
with wlioin tliosc will) an- workiuK in tliis mut-
ter (•diiid more inoiicilj takt( counsel than tho (iov-
iTiior-ticniial n|' Hie Dominion of Canada, wiiosc
Bynjpaliiic-, witii the worknicn arc l)y no means cir-
cuniscrilifd iiy parallels of latitude or luountain
rauj^o or sea.

Lord Abfrdeoifs second ii|ipniiitment was soirio-
wliat similar, inasmucii as it (oncerneil the prevenlion
of the lo>s of life nil tlie part of tiie working popula-
tion. The a;,'italioii initiated hy Mr. I'iim.soll con-
ceniinfjf tin; wimle.-ale destruction of sailor.-^' lives liy
tho sendiuL; of coiUii .^liips to sea, in order to realize
a profit for the owners, led to a proli)n;;ed and an;^ry
controversy, in which Mr. (Jhaniberlain, who was then
Prosiileiit of the Hoard <if Trade, took a very stroiij^
lino aj^ainst the shiit owners. After coiisidenihle re-
crimination, dmiii;^ which feeliiif^ on both sides be-
came extremely heated, it was at last decided to u])-
point a Royal ("oiiiiiii.->sion on which both jiarties could
be represented to take evidence and rei'oit. TheCoin-
inis.siou wusastronf^oiie. Mr. Chamberlain was one of
its members, and the lead! iii,' represent at ives of the sliip
owiii'is were also there in force. Il was no easy la.-^k
presiding,' over a tribunal in which the chief dispu-
tants sat us jud^^es, and it was a singular tribute to
the rai)idly rising reputation of the young Earl that
he was selected as chairman, a position which some-
what resembled thivt of ^-Eolus in the cave of the wiiuls.
However, by the judicious dining of the Commis-
sioners before they couunenced theiiKpiiry, and the ex-
cellent practice of luucdiing together during the course
of the iiuiuiry, Lord Aberdeen was able to establish
sufficiently genial relations with tin; Comtiiissoners to
get through wirli a singular absence of fricti(jii. His
position as chainiian was largely official and aiipeal
was constantly made to him l)y the advocates of the
respective sides to rule <jut of order this, that or the
other question. He was almost the youngest man on
the Cummission, and liLs courtesy and amiability
might have led some of the ruder Commi.s.si(jner.s to
try to get their own way with a rongli hand. What-
ever attempts were maile in this direction misc.'arried
signally, and the Commission had not been many
days in session before its memljers recognized that
although its president had a glove of velvet there was
within it a hand of steel. When he had to vacate
the chair in order U^ undertake the responsibilities of
the Irish Viceroyalty, the Commissioners, on the mo-
tion of Mr. ( 'iiainberlain, passed a unanimous vote ex-
pressing then- high sense of the signal impartiality
and xuvoir /aire with which he had discharged the
arduous duties of his ofiice.

Up to this time the Earl ut Aberdeen, although
acting in hearty accord with Mr. (Gladstone, who
h;id always be(;n a close personal friend of all the
Abeideens, and especially of the present Earl and
Countess, had not held any purely political po.st
under the Liberal Party. Lord Aberdeen, the Prime
Minister, began life as a Conservative. He was
first emi)loyed l»y Lord Castlereagh, and was subse-

ipieiitly Foreign Minister of the Dnke of Wellington
and .Sir liobert Peel. Wiien llie Corn Laws went by
the board he became a Peelite, antl the AlM'rdeen
Ministry was a combination of Peelites and Liberals,
hence when ilie present Earl took his seat in the
House of Lords he sat neither with the Con.servativoH
nor witli the Liberals, but occujiied u place in the
cross benches, which is supposed to belong to peers of
an independent mind wiio do not wish to identify
themselves conspicuously with either of the two
parties. He was regarded, however, as belonging to
the Co iservative Party by heredity, and hence in 1876
he was selected to move the address lo the (.^uecn in
rejily to the royid speech. Even then he gave an in-
dication of how loosely he regarded the party ti(s by
taking occasion to express his objection to the Royal
Titli s bill, a meiisiire whi(;li wa,s strongly supported
in august circles.

It wa.s .soon evident, however, that the popular sym-
liMtliiesof the yoiing Earl and tiie immense personal
intiueiice of My. <Ti,idstoiie, who had always bec-n a«
a father to the Earl and tiie countess, were sweepinc:
him directly into the Liberal ranks. In adilition to this,
two influences, of diifeient degrees of impijrtance,
were telling in the .same direction. One was tho in-
tiueiice oi his wifi', who was strongly Liberal, and
the other the natural reaction against the tollies and
I'oiu-ses of the .)in:,'o [lerio.l which marked tin; (dose
ut Lord 13eacoiistii;ld's administration. Hi-^ rtrst overt
act of rebellion against his jiarty was when he tele-
graplie<l from lirimlisi his adhesion to the popular
protest which was being signed against the Afghan
War. That tliis was no mere caprice ho made
abundantly evident when ho spoke in the debate
against the Afghan pidicy of the Mini -try, thereby
maintain'. ig the traditions of his ancestor in his de-
votion f . peace and ccmciliation. In 1H7!( he indicated
his transference of political allegiance by supporting
Mr. (rladstoiie's Hrst MiiUotiiian c.inipaign, having
accepted Lord lloseliery's invitation to form one of
the house party at Dalmeny on that memorable occa-
sion. Tile following year, on the very day on which
Lord Beaconsfield dissolved Parliament, Lord Aber-
deen took his seat for the first time on the Liberal
side of the House. He had burned his boats and
definitely c..,.st in his lot with Mr. (Iladstone on
the eve of an election which, in the opinion of
society, was certain to result in the return of Lord
Beaconsfield to power. Society, as usual, was wrong,
the elections went with a rush against the Jingoes,
and Lord Aberdeen found himself embarked on the
winning side.

The only appointment which he received from tho
Gi )veriiment of that day was the chairmanship of the
Commission on Shipping, to which I have alreadj' re-
ferred. It .should bo mentioned, however, that Lord
Aberdeen was, during these years, entrusted with
the duty of acting as Lord High Commis.siouer to the
Church of Scotland. The Lord High Conunissioner
is the representative of Her Majesty and he must be
present at the opening of what may be called tho Par-

P'U

LORD AND l.ADY AHHKDhh.N: A CHAKACTCR sKl'.TCH.

UALMENV, MlDI.Ol 'i: \N i \.MI'.\|iiN. l^;'.!.

Maniulsiif Twfeailalt'. Hon. Alfred Lyttli'toii Couiiti'saof Rosi li-ry. Mr. R(l»;ar Boehni .

Eurl of AWrrtpoii. .Miss Slar.v aiuclsldiio. Mr. I.ULUitii.

I.<ir(l Uoiiy. Marflil()nf.-.s of TwiH'iIJttli-. Mr. Ulail.stoiic. t'oiiDti'Ss of AlK-rdi'i'ii. Mr. Adam, (Chief Oppodi

Mrs. (iladstorio. Loril DuUKla.s (Junloii. LadyKra.v. tluii Whip).

Karl cif l;(j>.eb('ry.

liarnoiit ot tlif .Scotc-h Chuivh of Eiliiibur^^li. la tlii.-
(•xipacity Loi'il and Laily AberdtHMi ln'M uluiost renal
court at Hiilyrooil Palaco. This was a kiii'l of ])ri-
liininary aiiprfutio^hiii finalifyiii.:^ tlifiii for tli 'ir
f-ubs«j(iuoiitvii;eroyalry in Dublin and tlieif (rovcrnor-
Oeneralsbip in Cana la. Lord Abordi-on in this and
other po.sitions whif.i he filled in the cause of pliilan-
thropy and nli.nion ha<l provi'd that he not only pos-
Besseil capacity, bntal.so that his capacity was recog-
nized and aiii)reciatedintheinost iuHui'iitial (piarters.
Hence no one was astonished, unless it was the Earl
liimself, wlii'u, on the formation ^)f the (fladstnue
ministry of 18><0 he w;i.s sent for l)y the Prime Min-
ister and offered the Viceroyship of Ireland. Lady
Aberdeen was .it ^lentniore with Lady Rnsebcry at
the time, when she received a t>'lci.;ram fmm h<r
husband .sayini^ he wi-shed to see her at the railway
Htation that night on her return. To her immense
justonishment she learned that her husband was going
to Dublin Castle.

In the course of the morning a niessage had arriveil
summoning Lord Aberdeen to Mr. Gladstone's house.

As .soon as he arrived Mr. Gladstone told him that
he must go to Ireljind. At thai time notliing in the
world was further fnun Lord Aberdeen's mind. Ho
vas a Scotchman wlio had never p;'id ar.v p.articular
attention to Irish aifiiirs. Mr. Glailstone was form-
ing his ministry with Home Rule a'^ his principal ; in
fact, its only ;irticli> of its jiroLframme. Tht; po.-ition
(if Iri.-li Viceroy was, therefore, one of the most im-
portant in the whole ailministration. L(U'd Aberdeen
liesitated to accept so responsible a po;.ition without
lime for consideration. Butit.- emed that political
exigencies rendered it indisjieiisiible that the Viceroy
must be appointed there and then, otherwi.se it would
have been impossible for I\Ir, Morley to have taken
office as Chief Secn-tary, and every hour (jf delay w.as
of importance. And the old gentleman, when, in ad-
dition to being Prime Minister of the Queen, he feels
himself tostaad in loco parentis to . young politician,
has about him a kind of parental imperativeness
which it is difficult to resist. Therefore, Lord Aber-
deen, being crowded into it, as it were, by Mr. (ilad
stone, found himself su<ldenly L<jrd of Diiblin Castle,

THE HEinFM- OF REVIEH'S.

as Vicemy of licr Majesty ninlcr tlie first Hoiiin Rule
admiiiistratifni which liad existed in (Ti-cat Britain.

Tiic situation in Dublin wlicn Lord au<l Lady Aber-
deen be;j;an their viceroyalty was^ilniost one of unex-
ampled ditficulty. Lord and Lady Carnarvon, who
had been their ju'edet'essors in the Castle, had shown
their apiii'i'eiation (if the Iiish cliaracter and disjiosi-
tion by disijensiiiK with the nieiiiicini;' njachinery of
military escorts ami had thrown themsel;»,s heart and
soul into the work of ])roniotin,Lr the material int(>resls
of Ireland. Uiifortunat'ly, Lord Caniarvou's states-
maidike [jrojects for the jiacitication of Ireland met
with but scant symi)athy from Lord Salisbury. The sit-
uation between the Castle and Downinj^ street had been
at^iira vated by the reactionary i)olicy of the ]\[iiustry
rntil at last in despair Lord Carnarvon rcsifiued. and
when on his way to London received the news of the
fall of the ISIiinstry. Mr. (Tladstoiie came in. With-
out the Home Rulers ho liail no majofity in the
House of Commons. He. however, declared himself
in favorof Home Rule, hopinjf to make up on the Ii-ish
vote the defections which he knew he would have
to expect on tl • part of the Whiffs and Radical
Unionists. Tin- Irish, althoiigh delighted at the
demonstration which this atTorded of the power
of their Parliamentary vote, were sullen and sus-
picious. They had had but too recent an experi-
ence of what they called the Grand Old Coercionist
for them to trust Mr. Gladstone further than they
could .see him. Most of the leaders of tlie men upon
who.se shoulders he was now returning to power liad
been imprisoned by him during the administration of
Mr. Foster or Lord Speni'cr. Men who have just
comeoutof jail are inclined to apply the maxim about
doubting the gift-bearing (ireeks to their former jailer.
Mr. Morley"s ap])ointment as Chief Secretary, so far
as it went, was accepted as a pledge of sincerity,
but the Irish knew little of Lord Aberdeen and they
knew a great deal al)out the Castle of which ho
Wcis the latest occupant. There was, therefore, no
popular demonstration when Lord and Lady Aber-
deen began their viceroyal duties. The popular
party in Ireland stot)d askanc", boycotting the castle
as they had boycotted it for years past; and as the
Loyalists, so-called, regarded the new administration
as a band of traitors and renegades, the lot of the new
Viceroy wjis anything but a hapi)y one.

From this position of isolation they were rescr.ed
by a happy experience which turned the tide, and
was the first conspicuous act tliat notified to the Irish
people the change which had come over the spirit of
their British rulers. Tliere was in that year a great
disti'ess in the west of Ii-eland, and the Ciistle had, of
course, official intimation of the suiferings of the
poorer cottagers on the Atlantic; coast. The ordinary
method by whitsh reli(>f is obtained is by a meeting in
the Mans7.(n House, called and presided over by the
Lord Maytn-. It has been the curse of the system in
Ireland that the Lor>\ Mayor of Dublin and the Vice-
roy of tlve Queen at the Castle have held aloof from
each other. The Jews have no dealings with the
Samaritans, neither liave the patriots of the Mansion

House anything to do with the courtiers at the Castle.
On this occasion, liowever. a private communication
was sent from the Castle to the Lord Mayor, Mr. T.
D. Sullivan, the poer. ]iati-iot and genial chief magis-
trate, to suggest the calling uf a meeting in order to
devise means for relieving the distress, and he re-
ceived a furtbei' intimation fnan the (.'astle to the
effect that alth')ngh his Exct-llHUcy cduid not attend
as Lord Lieut 'uant he would be very glad to be
present in hiscap;ieitv as a citizen resident in Dublin.
y.r. Sullivan, one of the be>r ht-arted men in tlio
T.orlil, who was ac(iuaint<'d with tiie higli char-
U'ter and sterling siucerityof the Viceroy, was very
glad indeed to receive the intimation. Imt ju.st a tiifle
anxious to know how th'- bhoys would take it. As
there is no omelet witlniut breaking of eggs, their
Excellencies carried it through. Every individual
whom they cinsulted. iii'ludinu: all tiie authorities,
opposed their .ictiou. They were warned that they
would be hissed, that they would lH»gin their vice-
royalt,y with a slap in the face whicli they would
never get over, and thi'.t the one thing which they
should avoid above everything was the running of
any risks. To all of which ailvice. althougli couched
in the most diplomatic way and pressed upon them
with the greatest autlmrity. they turned a deaf ear.
It wa? an inspiration, and they did well to act upon it.

The news had got abroad that the Castle was goin^
to visit the Mansion Hmusc. and an immense crowd
VMS gathered in the neigh1>orhiXHl to see the vice-
regal carriages. In Dublin the representative of Her
Majesty keeps up the tradition < >f royal state much more
than in the more democratic colonies. On this occa-
sion the Viceroy drove througii the streets of Dublin
to the chief magistrate of the city with the usual car-
riage and four, with postilions and outriders. It was
a critical moment when the carriage drove up in front
of the door of the Lord Mayor's official residence, and
the Viceroy and his wife, in their capacity of citizens,
descended to attend a meeting summoned to consider
the distress in the west of Ireland. It seemed to those
who were present as if the crowd quivered and hesi-
tated, not knowing whether to hiss or to cheer, whea
suddenly one of the bhoys gave rein to the exuber-
ance of his enthusia.sm and bn >ke out into a hearty-
cheer. Another second and all suspense was at an
end. Amid a roar of cheers, the like of which hiid
never been heard Ixdiiud a Viceroy in recent years,
Lord Aberdeen ma<le his waj' into the meeting
hall. The climax of the proceedings was readied
when Lord Aberdeen requeste<l to Im? introduced to
Michael Davitt. When the one-armed ex-Fenian con-
vict grasped the hand of Lord Al)erileen there wius a
public pledge given and recognizeil of all men of the
alliance of the Irish democracy and all that was best
in the popular party in Britain.

Tlie Unionists, of course, were .scandalized that a
representative of the Queen should shake hands with
a man who had done liis term i>f i)eual servitude in
Portland prison, but all men, irres|)ective of party,
who knew the high character and stainless life of
Michael Davitt rejoiced that such tj-pical representa-

LORD A\'D LADY ABERDEEN: A CHARACTER SKETCH.

t the Castle.
Linuuifation
13-or. Mr. T.
•hief iiiiigis-
m order to

junl he re-
istle to the

not attt'iid
iclad to OH
t ill Dtililin.
iiii'ii in tlio
lii^'h char-
y. was very
just a trifle
:ake it. As
ejjgs, their

individual
anthnrities,
i that they

their vice-
they would
which they

running of
igli couched
I upon them

a deaf ear.
act upon it.
e was going
tense crowd
ee the vice-
itive of Her
i much more
n this occa-
:s of Dublin
le usual car-
ers. It was
e up in front
sidence, and
' of citizens,

to consider
lied to those
h1 and hesi-
slieer, when
the exuber-
ito a hearty
i was at an

which htid
ecent years,
he meeting
van readied
itroduce I to
Fenian con-
there wius a

men of the
lat was best

lized that a
' hands with
^rvitude in
re of party,
uless life of
I representa-

tives of the two races should have publicly exchanged
the right hand of fellowship before the eyes of the
two nations. Fmin that moment everythhig went
well with them in Duljlin. A strange and what ap-
peared to ii.ost Irishiiu'ii an incredible thing t<iok
place. Duliliii ( \istle. so lung tlie symbol of an alien
dominion, became tlie headciuarters of the Nationalist
movement. Lady Aberdeen, rememberiiiii: her Irisli
descent from tlie (i'Xiells. threw herself heart and
Boul into developing the imlnstj'ies of Ireland. As a
rule, the Scotch get on better with tlie Irish than the
English do. This is curious, as the Scotch are far
more reserved than their Southern neighliors. but as
a matter of fart even the douresT Pr<'sl)yrerian Scot
manages to get along better with his Irish Catholic
neighbor than an Englishman in the same (ircmu-
Btances. Everything that Lor<l and Lady Carnarvon
had tried to do the Abenleens took up and did with
the gi-eater force and vigor that comes of conscious
reliance upon popular enthusiasm. The six months
which they pa.ssed in Ireland were among the best in
Irish history, il kind of glorious summer day out of
due season, but heralding the sunshine to come,
Over at Westminster the Home Rule bill, framed
upon the fatally false foundation of excluding the
Irish from the Imperial Parliament, staggered heavily
downward. Even at the eleventh hour the bill might
have been saved if the exclusion of the Irish mem-
bers had been frankly abandoned, but Mr. Morley
willed it otherwise, and the Government marched to
its dotmi. After the fatal decision wsis taken there
was a dissolution which resulted in the return of a
large Unionist majority. Then the hour came when
Dublin Castle had to give up its pleasant tx'cupants
and the brief break in the long tradition of repres-
sion and distrust came to an end. It was not until
that day of leave taking that the Aberdeens them-
selves or the public had any ade(piate conception of
the degree of pas.sionate personal enthusiasm and de-
voted loyalty which they had succeeded in six short
montlis in creating in the ca^iital of Ireland. The
whole of Dublin city turned out to give the Viceroy

and his wife a natii mal Irish farewell. As they drove
from the Castle down to the station, through streets
filled with cheering and weeping crowds, it was evi-
dent even to the most cynical observer that the popu-
lar heart had been touched to it-deplhs. Eveiywli(!ro
in tile streets, i)auneis were waving and flags flying,
and strangest of all. for the first time in recent years,
the Irish XatioualBand played " (rod Save the Queen."
It was a ;jrreat moment, and one whii'li made the
heart swell high with pride and gratitude that such
an outburst of ^Kipular sympathy hail been brought
aljout by the simple talisman of lielpful symiiatliy
and profound respect. For the Ai)efdeeiis had leai'iied
to love the Irish people with a whole-hearted devo-
tion which touched that emotional and appreciative
people to the tpiick. They saw in La ly Abenleeu
esjiecially one who was more Irish than the Irish
themselves, and the enthusiasm and loyalty which
her presence elicited did more to reveal pos.sibilities
for the pacification of Ireland than all the adminis-
trations of all the politicians. When the cheer-
ing crowds had shouted their last farewell ami the
viceregal party were -steaming towards Holyhead
they had the consolation of feeling that even if the
ship had ;,'one to the liottom they had not spent their
lives in vain. But the ship did not go to the bottom,
and the vii'eroyalty of Iri'land may be said to have
been the entrance li-ading up to their future his-
tory. They had arrived, and henceforth their position
among the first half dozen families in the Empire
was clear.

IV. THE COUNTESS OF ABERDEEN.

In the foregoing pages repeated reference has been
made to Lady AV)erdeen. I must now deal for a
brief space with one who might well afford a sub-
ject for a separate §ketch. Lady Aberdeen is the
daughter of Sir Dudley Cou.ts Mar jori banks, since
created Lord Tweedmouth. of a staunch old Whig
Border family, and wIk 1 himself represented tlie ' 'good
town of B«'rwick-on-Tweed '■ for thirty years aa a
Lilieral. The family seat is in Berwickshire, but

HADDO HOL'SE, SCOTI-.\ND. TllK IIOMK OF THE ABF.HDEEN8.

THE KEI^IEW Oh KEl^/EH^'S.

little IshlH)rs home wa.s in
Guisachau in InveriiesHliire. It
was a will! and ri>nianti(! spot.
The c'onntry scat TU'stled at the
head of a lovely mountain strath
twenty-three miles from the
nearest railroad station or tele-
grai)h oflKce. In this mountain
solitude the young girl grew up
a strong and sturdy Scotch
lassie, passionately fond of read-
ing and of the vigorous outdoor
life of the mountain child.

Her father, the son of the
well-known Mr. Edward Mar-
3oribanks(who up to the age of
ninety-four transacted all the
heavy duties falling to the lot
of the senior j)artMer of such a
bank as Coutts"), (;onibin('d with
his hereditary business instincts
strong literary and artistic tastes
and a passion for everything
that pertained to sjjort and
natxiral history. It was this
whicli led liini in e;irly nmnhood
to settle himself in the wilds of
Invenies.shiri'. and tliere to
create a very paradise, in the
midst of which he lives the life
of an ancient patriarch amongst
his retainers and his ghillies, to
the great benefit of all the glen.
Latly Tweedmouth. a woman
of great beauty and talent, was
the daughter (jf Sir James Hogg,
one of the mainstays of the old
East India Council, and many
members of lier family can
boast in recent years of having
maintained in the .service of

tlieir cnuntry in India the high "-^

tx'aditions of tlieir combintnl
Scottish and Irish ancestry.

With such a host and hostess and in such surround-
ings " <Tuisachan'' becanu- renowne<l in alltheN'orth
of Scotland for its wide hnspi(alily,nnd every autumn
toimd gathered beneath its roof prominent politicians
of both parties, artists, literary men. sportsmen.
Thus it naturally came about that between the an-
nual .six months' Parliamentary season in London
and the circle of friends visiting her Highland home
the little Ishbel was brought into contact with
nio.-t of the leading men of the day, riding and walk-
ing in their company, listening to their stories and
nnitual reminiscences, and imbibing all unconsciously
astrcmg Liberal bias, which presently blossomed into
full force under tlie friendly influences of Mr. Glad-
stone.

Another result of her youthful surroundings was
to accustom her to free intercourse with persons of

•%;*»•*»._

LADY ISIIBKL.

■■'i

:'.i

very various religious creeds. In her native glen the
great ma,i(M-ity of the people were Celtic, Roman
Catholics, whilst the minority consisted of strong
Free Church folk, with a sprinkling of adherents of
the Auld Kirk, amongst which were her own family.
She and her white i)ony were at home amongst them
all. and many were the stories she heard and the sym-
pathies tliat were evoked as she learned to spin or
bake "cakes" by the side of the old Highland
•' wifies," or to watch for the deer and the grouse with
her father's gamekeepers. It is ciu'ious to note how
these early experienc-es trained the young girl for her
future coimection with the Roman Catholic and Pres-
byteriiin populations of Irelaml, and it is a strange
coincidence that (;ircunistances should have ivccus-
tomed both Lord and Lady Aberdeen from childhcxxi
to follow the example of the Queen in l)eing mem-

^ ^

I.ORD AND LADY ABERDEEN: A CH A RACIER SKETCH.

bers of both Presbyterian and
Episcopalian churches, accord-
ing as they resided in Siothind
or in En>,dand,

(iod fanned her with His ripening
looks,

And heaven's lirh instincts in
hor grew
As effortless as wiKnlland nooks

Send violets up and paint them
blue.

This Scottish girl, witli her
(Jaelic name, nursed on tradi-
t'lon, on romance, and sur-
rounded from infancy with the
sound of the stirring melodies
nf her native hills, was only
< leven when she first saw her
present husband. It chanced
upon a day that a young man
of twenty-one who had Ijeen
riding across the country, lost
liis way and came over the hills with a footsore
pony to the entrance bridge of Guisaehan. He was
little more than a boy. Slight of frame although of
ordinary stature, with a frank, fearless look in liiseye.
as he, after many apologies for trespas.sing, craved
permission to put his pony up for the night at the

ISHBEI. MAlt.li'KIHANKS.

lodge so that iie might the next day continue liis jour-
ney. Sir Dudley ^Marjoribanks. on inquiring for the
identity of the strange wayfarer, found that he was
named J<<hn ("ampbell (Ji.rdon. the s.«ii of an old

Gl'ISACHAN IIOLSE. hADV ABEKUEKN S ANCESTKAJ, HOME.

Parliamentary friend, the Earl of Aberdeen. He ;;t
once gave a highland welcome to the belated traveler.
Ishl)el. then a girl of el.-ven, saw the visitor and soon
after she fell in love with him, nor has slie from that
day to this ever wavered in the whole-hearted devotion
which exists betv/een her ami th(^ man who after
wards became her husband. The portrait, repnjduced
by permission, of Ishbel Marjori banks at tlie age when
slie first met Lord AV)erde<'n is copied from a beautiful
colored miniature painting which is among tlio treas-
ures of the f.amily. The accinaiufcince thus atispi-
ciously begun was continued in a frientlship which
was consummated and placed upon a more permanent
foundation when in the year 1MT7 Ishbel Marjoribanks
became Ishbel Aberdi'i'U.

They passed tlieir honeyni'ion in "^gypt, where his
father. Lord Hatldo. had Pi)ent many hajipy months
in the vain pursuit of health. It was while they
were going up the Xile in their dahiibeah that they ha<l
the good fortune to meet Gen. Gordon, tlien Gover-
tior-General of tlie Hondan. Ht) was scouring up thw
river in his steamer, wliile they were slowly toiling up
jiropelled by the sluggish stream. Not knowing how to
attract the attention of thfi Governor-General, Lord
Aberdeen hit ujion tlie idea of firing signals of dis-
tress. This at once l)rouLrht (ren. Gordon to their
boat, and recognizing in hi.s visitor the head of his
clan, he extended hiin a h'-arty welcome and rendered
him the fealty which is due from every Gordon t >
the head of liis house. Gen. Gordon took to Lord
Aberdeen as if he had been liis own brother, and bo
fore parting for the night he presented Ladj' Aber-
deen with a beautiful set nf little silver coffee Uips as
a tiiken nf their frii'iiilshij). Tlie didiabeah and tlie
steamer ])arted in the night and in the morning
tliev were out of sight. They met <Ten. Goriloll
again at Cairo and dined with him in the spacnous
palace which was placed at the disposal nf the simple
soldier by tlie Khedive. They had a Inng discussion
witli him as to thi' possibility nf ri'pressiiig the slavo

THE RF.l/IFM' Oh' RHyiEU^S.

trailf. That it cxistt-d in Egypt tlifv hail th.' bfst
opixnlunity of kiiuwini;. tnr hciirinj,' that lioy- were
bought antl sold as iiifrchaiiilisc. tlicy sent tlicir man
OHhorc at oui' of the villagrs stating tliat if thry hail
any hoys for sak- they wonhl he glad to see them.
Without any delay a slave merehaiit l)roiight four
boyson hoird tlie shii) and set forthwith nuich de-
tail their various advantages, and discoursed npim the
benefits which would accrui' to the purchaser who ob-
tained such u desiiable human article. The merchant
then stated the price at which he was willing to i)art
with them. Lord Aberdeen pointed to the Ihitish
flag which was flying at the masthead and told the
slave dealer tliat tlit; f<iur boys were slaves no longer,
as wherever the British flag Hew slavery ceased to
exist. But in order not to create a hubbub he state. I
that he was willi-g to take charge of the boys and
give the slave dtaler a present almost eipiivalent to
the price which he had asked. They took the cliil-
dren up to Assiout and handed them over to a mission
to be baptized and brought up. Then a difficulty
arose. The missionaries refused to baptize them

A FAMILY (JKOUr.

LADY ABEUDEEN AND CHILD.

unless their i)arents or adopted i)arents would take
the responsibility of presenting them for baptism.
Lord and Lady Aberdeen, having put their hands to
the plough, did not turn back, but at once adopted
the four boys as their own children and they wore
all baptized and placed in good keei)ing. Three
of them afterwards died of consumption. The re-
maining one gi'ew up and became an earnest Chris-
tian and is at the present moment a missionary in
the Soudan. These were not the only adopted chil-
dren the young coui)le jxissessed when they came back
to England from their honeymijon. They had no
fewer than five adopted children. Four of them wore
i>-ft at Assiout, but one was brought with them to
lOngland. This was an Egyptian lad who had be-
come a Christian, but who had been tortured into re-
canting. He had run away from his tormentors and
was more or less at a loss, and did not know wliat to
do. Lord and Lady Aberdeen thei'efore enabled him
to leave the country undetected in the character of
one of their servants. On arriving home they put him
to college at Edinburgh, and he is now a missionary
in China.

In addition to their adopted children they liave had
five children, four of whom are living. The .second
daughter died in infancy. Lord Haddo, the Hon. Dud-
ley and Hon. Archie are the boys, while Ladj- Marjorie,
who is only thirteen years old, is the onlj' surviv-
ing daughter. Lady Marjorie has the distinction of
being the youngest editor in the world, and her little
monthly, Wre WiUiv Wiiikir, is an almost ideal speci-
men of what a child's i)aper should be. It is .simple,
natural, interesting, and I am glad to hear that it is
likely to liave an extended range of usefulness on the
American continent. Lady Marjorie is an interesting
child, somewhat tall for her age, but still a child at

LORD AMD LADY ABERDEHS: A CHARACTER SKETCH.

her lessons. Slio <l(ios her oditin.L,' in ^'Ik' intorval-i of
l)lay time. Like all the rest of the fiiiuily she is de-
voted to her motln'r, who is naturally very anxious
that such a child slionld not be nndnly fnrciMl into
prominent aetivily. Lady Aberdeen |iossi'sses im-
mense aetivlt}' andenerf^y, totjetlier with a rapacity to
do things and f<et them done. ILr lir>t trainin.Lrin tlu'
way of organization w;is the establishment of the On-
ward and Upward Society, mx assoeiation whicii
began on a small scale amo7ig the domestics and
poor i)eople on their estate in Aberdeenshire, and
which has spread nntil they have about i),ooi) mem-
bers throughout the world. In comiection with this

and in calling attention to anil advertisiTig the exist-
ence of Irish manufactures, wliicli are (juite worthy
totakeecpial rank with any other nation in the world.
IMncli of the Irish lace and otiier displays took a high
placeaniong thi' exhibits at the World's Fair, winning
forty-seven medals. Thanks largely to the business
capacity, untiring industry and constant vigilance of
^Frs. White, the Irish Village at Chicago, with over
.uie hundred Irish imnates. was a great success from
every jioint of view, as an olijei't lesson of what the
Irish could do. It was a realistic reproduction of the
actual conditions of life in theold i-ountry, which made
a very handsome profit for tlie extension of the work

LADY MARJORIE AND LORD HADDO GORD<\\,

HON, ARCHIE .\,N1) HON. DUDLEY GLADSTONE GORDON.

Lady Aberdeen edits a monthly review under the title
of Onward and Upwurd. Drf Lynnm Abbott, writing
upon this association in the Outlook, says that it is ii
combination of the Y. W, C A., Working (iirls"
Club and the Chatauipia Literary and Scientific Asso-
ciation Another work M-ith which her name is even
more prominently associated is the Irish Industries
Association, which was brought more conspicuously
before the American public by Lady Aberdeen's
Irish Village, with its reproduction of Blarney Ca.s-
tle, which stood at the entrance of the Midway Plais-
ance in Jackson Park. It is difficult to estimate the
stimulating influence of this as.sociation in promoting
the development of the domestic industries of Iri'land

of the H-ssociation. They have now taken a place in Wa-
bash avenue, Chicago, where the products of Irish in-
dustry are on sale. Similar depots Mill probably be es-
tablished tlmmghout the whole world in time. A large
measure of the expense for maintaining the machin-
ery necessary to develop tliese industries into self-snp-
jiorting concerns has been sujij)lied by Lord Al)er-
di'en, while the amount of laljor which has been
devoted to the task by the Countess is almost in-
conceivable. She has her reward, however, in what
promises to be a very thriving industry, or rather
series of industries, which have l)egun already to con-
tribute not a little to the amelioration of the condi-
tioii cf life in old Ireland.

THE RHllHW (V klllFM-^.

m\<\Misii'ssm!ijim

»j "^

I 'fSj^iyMgtfSiu' I

iM»^ •rSflW^^P'l'^

rr:>S-

t)J

.VI

nfl
lid
iol
lij

P^
sa

till

(id

tiJ

«l{

tlJ

ovl

eel

THE IRISH \ ILI.A(iE AT THK WORLDS FAIR.

Perhaps tlif must iinpm'tant work un a wide scale
witli which Latly Aberdeen lifts been connected was
that which she undertook in the Woman's Liberal
Federation, abody of so.(K)(» wumcTi of which slicis ar
this moment President, althoui^li she will retire at the
next general meetint?. Slie was elected to this post in
HUcco.s.si()n to Mrs. Gladstme. and the very .';trnn.t,^'st
possible pressure has been brouji'ht to bear upon her to
induce lier to reconsider her determination to resign an
office the duties of wliicli .she cannot discharge from
Ottiiwa. Tlie Woman's Liberal Federation, it is well
to remark, is no mere i)arty caucus. TIkm'c is no
doubt that it was originally started by some wire-
pullers of the Liberal Party, who imagined that it
might he of good servici' to bring into existence a
Liberal counterpart to the Primrose League. The
Woman's Liberal Federation, however, no sooner
came into being than it developed an independent ac-
tivity of its own which led it to lie regarded with the
liveliest feelings of resentment by the caucus mana-
gers and wirepullers who had a.ssisted in bringing it
into being. The association has had a great and bene-
ticial effect in stimulating women to take an intelli-
gent interest in i)olitics and to make their iiiHnence
felt in all that relates to the moral and social im-

provement of society. Time and again they hnvo
rendered invaluable service to the cause of moral and
.'social reform, and nothing can be further from the
mai'k tlian to confouml such an association of etier-
getic public-sjnrited women with a mere creature
of tlie party whip. There are women in England
who imagine that their only duty in politics is to can-
vass for a candidate of their party, whoever he may
be. and they liave formed a small caucus of their
own. which is without num'ijers, without influence
and without standing in the country. The Woman's
Liberal Federation is a national organiz.ation which
is growing in strength every year, and which in.sist»s
on having a voice in the settlement of all national
questions. As a means of education as well as an in
• strument of political influence it fills a vt'ry useful
part in our political economy. Lady Aberdeen ha,s
not been long in the Dominion of (Canada, but she
has already liel])ed to organize a National Oiuncil
of Women, the object being to form a body of women
representing all i)hases of women's work in every
center of population in the whole Dominion. It is
hoped that such a body will promote unit}- and char-
itv. both amongst religious, phi!anthro])ic and seen
lav associations, giving all a chance of kno\\nng of

LORD ASn /,.//.'}■ JHhKDF.HS: A i.HARArjHK sKliliJI.

.57

what is l)t>iiiK doiu' tor tho jtjood ot' tin' wurM ■lutsi'li'
their own ituiiieiliiite spliere. It will also sccuri' their
.loiut (Mjnsideratioii of pviblic (lucstioiis and their
joint action whan circuuisfaiicv's arise wliiih will
necessitate their prai'tical intervention. Of couise.
like others who have taken any iutc^ri'st in the amel-
ioration of the eoiidition of life. L idv Aberdeen 1m-
lioves Hrnaly in wonian'.s suffraije. In her present
position as wife of the Governor-Ge-neral she is neces-
sarily i)re(diided from takini; any part in (piestioas
that can by any pretense be alle^'ed t) belong to the
domain of party politics. It ought not t > be a ques-
tion of party politics to alKrm that a woman is a hu-
man being, nor should a (Tovernor-Oeneral's wife b.-
debarred from insisting upon the natural corollary of
that fundamental truism. There is no douljt, how-
ever, that the National Council will tend to lead
women more and more to take counsel together and
eee whether it is not possible for them to bring such
influence to bear as to rentier it po,ssible for the be^ t
men, truly the best men, to bt* rett;rned to tho Houses
of Parliament.

LADY MARJORIE GORDON,
The thirteen-year-old editor of "Wee Willie Winkle."

HOV. ARCHIF. OORDON

<'As oiiL' of tlie •'Cliililrcii's (iuiinl of '■oiior"in atteiulanno
Ujioii tli<' Queen oti the ociM-ioii of the iiiivi'ilingr of f'rini-os.s
I-oniso's statue of II>'r Majesty in Konsinprton Uanlons,
.Tun.'. 180;?. '

\'. GOXTRNOR-r.rNHRAL

Duriiin- the whole nf the Salisbury administration
it was regarded as a niatt(>r of cinirse that with the
advent of a Home Rule administration Lord Aber-
deen would go back to Dublin as Viceroy. The im-
mense success which had attended his previous vice-
royalty and thei'ontiuued and continuously ijicreasing
interest which Lady Aberdeen took in all that con-
cerned the material interests of the distressful
country e;insed the ordinary man to take it as a
matter of course that whatever appointments were in
doubt, there could be no more (piestion as to who
wotilil be the Irish Viceroy than th(>re was as to who
would be the Prime ^Minister. Mr. (iladstone him-
self was believed to shan; this view, and great indeed
was the astonishment of the country when on the
gazetting of the appointments Lord Aberdeen's name
did not njipear on the list.

It is an ojien secret that the ajjpointment of Lord
Houghton to be Viceroy was due entirely to the initia-
tive of IMr. ^[orley. Mr. Morley was and is a clo.se
friend of the Aberdeens, but he deemed it desirable in
the interests of the new adTninistratioii that England
should have nfit two representatives in Ij-eland, but

THE REVIEW OF REyiFWS.

i '

one, and that oneshotild be himself. No doiiVrt from
his own stjindpoiiit, however, he was abundantly
justified ; and for the general interests of the Empire
we cannot but rejoice tliat Lord Aberdeen should
have been provided \\nth a splicre of influence ini-
measuraV)ly more important than that which he would
have had as a Viceroy at Dublin.

At first there seemed some doubt as to whether they
would have gone to India or wt)uld accept the
Governor-Generalship of Canada. During the Con-
servative administration be li.id traveled together with
Lady Aberdeen over the whole of the British Empire.
incUiding India. There is seanu'ly a ctolony i)r depend-
ency which they did not visit. But apart from Ireland
there was no post in the Empire more congenial to
Lord and Lady Alierdeen than the Governor-General-
ship of the Dominion of Canada. Canada reminded
them in manv points of their own native land, and they
had been very much impressed with the future of the
country. A few yeai-s ago they had established a
kind of country seat for themsi'lves in the ranching
lands of British Columbia. There they retired
from time to time away from the incessant round of
duties which f)ccupied them at Dollis Hill and at
Haddo House. They ha<l refieatedly visited the
country, and. as an eminent nfficial said to me, they
brought to the Governor-Generalslup more personal
knowledge of Canaila than most Governor-Generals
are able to ac(iuire in the course of their office.

The term of office of Lord Stanley, the present Earl
of Derby, did not expire till last midsuiumcr. As
soon as he retired Lord Aberdeen was appointed.
Lord Stanley as Governor-General was soniewbat
colorless. Lord Stanley, although respectahli' and
honest, has left no detii.ite impress ujion his
contemporaries either iu London or iu Canada.
But to Lord Stanley has succeedt'd a Govciiior-
General of a very different stamp, and notliiiig
could have been more auspicious than the welcome
with which he has been receivf'd in the Dominion.
The post is one of considerable difficulty in difficult
times But when everything goes smoothly the only
difficulty is to reconcile the existence of an establish-
ment so regal in a democracy so simple as that of the
Canadas. Lord Al)er(leen, however, liad hardly
landed upon Canadian shore's before it became evi-
dent that hf was nmch more than a mere Governor-
General. He was a living man with wide and cath-
olic sympatliies. svlio recognized that wliilc it was
necessary to abide strictly within the constitutional
limits in all imlitical (luestituis, in non-political (pies-
tions, whicli after all occui>y three-fonrtlis of human
interest, he was in a position which placed upon him
and his family the obligation of exercising all the in-
fluence which any highly placed and cultun'd citizen
is bounil to exercise. On bis lauding, in reply to an
address of welcome, he sounded the keynote :

" It is indeed an office of high honors, as well as of
grave and serious responsibility. But, gentlemen,
does the honor and dignity of it exclude the holder
from the common lot. the common heritage of serv-
ice? Naji, it implies, it includ<'s, it conveys this
privilege, this grand principle and purpose of 1' <». If

and because your Governor-General is in the sendee
of the Crown, he is. therefore, in a literal and abso-
lute sense, in the servitre of Canada. In other words,
aloof though he be from actual executive responsi-
bility, his attitude must bt^ that of cetuseless and
watchful readiness to take part, by whatever oi)por-
tunity may be afforded to him, in the fostering of
every influence that will sweeten and elevate i)ublic
Hfe ; t>> ' bserve, study and join in making known the
resources and development of the country ; to vindi-
cate, if re(iuired, the rights of the people and the
ordinances of the constitutif)n, and. lastlj'. to promote
by all means in his power, without reference to class
or creed, every movement and every institution cal-
culated to forward the social, moral and relig-
ious welfare of all the inhabitants of the Dominion.
Such, gentlemen, I venture to assure you is the aim
and purpose which, in dependence on the one ever
effectual source of help and strength, we desire to
pursue."

There is in this brief speech the keynote of the
whole of Loi-d Aberdeen's life. He has succeeded, it
is true, to a jjeerage an<l office of great usefulness and
of high position, but he has also succeeded to what
he finely calls "the heritage of .service." As the
servant of the Crown he is also the servant of Canada.
It is the old principle which led the Pope, the most
highly placed of all mortals, to describe himself as
serviin sfrvDrinn. There is no doubt but that Lord
Aberdeen will find ample ojjportunity of proving him-
self a servant in deed as well as in name. There is
plenty to be done in (Canada, and few men are so
capable of doing it as is Lord Aberdeen. Tradition-
ally and personally a Protestant, he has always culti-
vated tlie most friendly terms with Catholics, and
one of the first and most significant of his actions in
tile Dominion of Canada was to overcome bj' a little
kiiiiUy diplomacy tlie obstacles which have hitherto
preveutcil the friendly meeting of the Governor-Gen-
eral and the Cardinal of Quebec. It may pass the wit
of man to invent any way by whi(!h the Freiich
Canadian and the Orange Protestant can be prevailed
upon to recognize that each are brothers in Christ as
well as subjects of the Queen. If it could be done the
Aberdeeiis are the people to do it. Ladj' Aberdeen,
as I happen to know of old time, was regarded with
affection and esteem by the late Cardinal Manning.
'• She is a good woman," I remember he said to me,
with great emphasis, on one memorable occasion
when her kindly woman's heart was the means of
getting him to stretch out a helping hand to save a
poor soul that was tottering blindly on the verge of
tlie abyss.

Nor is it only in tending to assuage the rancor of
contending creeds that l:he Aberdeens have plenty of
work before them. As intimate friends witii Pro-
fessor Druinmond, they are thoroughly in sympathy
with the more liberal spirit which finds expression
in the higher and more Christian thought of the
closing century. In that direction their influence
cjiii hardly tend but to sweebiu the theologi(!al atmos-
jiliere ami to bring to those who are bowed down be-
neatli the shadow of an austere and repellant faith

LORD AND LADY ABERDEEN: A CHARACTER SKETCH.

51)

in the service
rill and abso
1 other words,
itive rosponsi-
(•easelesH and
latcver oppor-
H f(»Ktering of
'levate public
ng known the
try ; to vindi-
iople and the
1}'. to promote
srence to class
iiHtitution cal-
il and relig-
he Dominion,
on is the aim
the one ever
we desire to

eynote of the
succeeded, it
isefulness and
iiled to what
!e." As the
nt of Canada.
)pe, the most
)e himself as
ut that Lord
proving him-
ne. There is
V men are so
1. Tradition-
always culti-
atliolics, and
lis actions in
ae l)y a little
liave hitherto
overnor-Gen-
■ pass the wit
1 the French
t be prevailed
in Christ as
d be done the
ly Aberdeen,
^garded unth
iial Manning.
3 said to me,
ible occasion
he means of
and to save a
I the verge of

he rancor of
ive plenty of
Is witli Pro-
in sympathy
3s expression
luglit of the
eir influence
igi(!al atmos-
ed down be-
;pellant faith

MR. AND MRS. GLADSTONE BlDDIXd FAREWKLI. To I.OUD AND LADY

ABERDEEN ON THE DAY i>F THEIR DEPARTl RE FOR ( ANADA.

(From a Kodak taken liy Lady Aberdeen.)

somewhat of the more genial and brighter joy of the
larger hope.

In all questions connected ^vnth education and of
the multiplication of opportunities of social enj(5y-
ment and of humanized intercourse they have, in
England, been in the forefront, and their tr.'msferto
the New World will open up new fields t<i their untir-
ing activity. Lord Aberdpon is president of the
Boys' Brigaile, an admirabln institution by which it
has been found that the interest of youths in the most
critical period can be excited by the substitution of a
little discipline and drill for the usual methods of the
Sunday school. Both Lord Aberdeen and his ■wife
have taken a great part in tlie formation and main-
tenance of the Parents' Educational Union. With
them, as with all those who really think, the family
is the real unit with which all amelioration must
begin, and in emi)hasizing the resiionsibilities of
parentage and in carrying on the propaganda in favor
of more home training they have done and will do a
great deal of good.

To the directly political action which a Governor-
General can take it is not necessary to refer here.
As Lord Dulferin remarked, when times are smooth
and things go well there is little for a Governor-
General to do beyond lubricating the machinery, but
when .storms arise and the machinery gets out of
gear there are plenty of opportunities for a Governor-
General to develop the higlier qualities of statesman-
Bull). In Canada there is a widespread con\'iction,
confined by no means to the Opposition, that we are
on the verge of a transforniation of power from the
Conservatives who have Eucceeded to the heritage of
Sir Jolin Macdonald's prestige to the Grits or Lib-
erals, who are confidently looking forward to gaining
a majority at the coming general election. It is not
likely that the majority which will change the reins

of power from Sir John Thomp-
sim to tliose of Mr. Laurier will
be large, unless, ..f course, the
tariff propof-uls of Mr. Wilson
sliould lead to a great accession
of strength to the adv(K^ates of
a refonned tariff in the Domin-
ion. It is by no means impos-
sible that if file tariff bill is
carried the advocates of reci-
procity between Canada and
the United States may be able
to establish themselves in
power at Ottawa, with instruc-
tions from the electors to min-
imize the curse of a custom
house which impedes the free
interchange of commodities be-
tween the United States and
Canada. If such a contingency
should arrive it is obvious that
there would be plenty of work
for the Governor-General to do,
and it is satisfactory to know
that Lord Aberdeen is certain
to use all his influence in the direction of maintain-
ing good relations between the Empire and the Re-
I)ublic.

Tiiere is another thing which it is impossible to pass
over entirely unnoticed, altliougli it is unnecessary to
say more |bim a word about it. When I was going
through Ottawa Jail Mr. McGreevy, a well known
director and Member of Parliament, who had for
years past been rlie friend an<l ally of tlie leading
ministers of the Douunion, was sent to jail tor a year
on the rharge of corruxition in the matter of contracts
which had got mixed up with election funds. The gan-
grene of corruption, which undoubtedly prevails to
some extent among politicians in (.'anada, is one of
those frauds against the commonwealth which call
for the unceasing vigilance of the Governor-General.
In what way it may be jiossible for Lord Aberdeen to
take action in the matter it is impossible to say. Two
things, however, are certain : first, that he will loyally
abide witliin the limits of the constitution, but not
less certaiidy. if an opportunity arises by which hocan
within these limits strike a Ijlowat the malady wiiich
afflicts the commonweal, no personal (Mjnsiderations
will for a moment stand in the way of any action,
which will ])e all the more resolute because it will be
heralded by no flourish of trumpets or preliminary
parade.

I have left myself but scant space in which to speak
of the Aberdeens at home. It is a wide subject ; for
not only have they many homes, but they are at home
everywhere, and they have the faculty of making
everybody feel at home where tliey are. Whether it
is a ranch in British Columbia, at the family seat in
Aberdeenshire, in Lord Shaftesbury's house in Grosve-
nor Square, which th<\v rel)uilt for their own use,
or at Dollis Hill, the suburban retreat whicii has so
often afforded Mr. Gladstone a welcome oasis of leis-

77//: RHyim' Of REl^lt.H'S.

lire and dDnawticity in tlic niiiUt of politiiiil strife,
they ar« ill ways tht- .samf— Miiiiiilc, miiissniuiMK. J^i"*!
and lioHpitiil)!*^. They are always tndfavijring to en-
able their K"<'«t to appear at his best, and with gen-
erous self-effacement seeking only to minister to his
'^relfare. Their hospitality is not confined to any

COLUSTRKAM. LORD ABKKDKKXS UaNCH NEA({
VERNON. UKITISH COLUMBIA.

sect, party, class or coTidition. The visitors" book at
Haddo bears many names, from that of Her Majesty
the Queen down to some of the i)oorest of her .sub-
jects. Nor have any re.sted within its Avails without
experiencing the charm which comes^^n perfect
ciilture combined with high religious pl^He. which
is felt all the more because it is never aggressively
asserted. Among the later guests who assembled at
Haddo House immediately before the dej)arture of
the Aberdeens for Canada was (.'ol. John Hay. wIkj
left as his ai{tt)graph in the visitors' book a couple of
verses which may be appropriately quoted here :

'• Ask me not here amid these storii il halls,

Vowed to traditions of high strenuous duty,
Where faces of dead statesmen deck the walls

With righte(jus glory's ever hviug beauty-
Ask me not here to tura a careless rhyme.

It ill would suit the solemn place and hour
When Haddo's Lord bears to a distant clime

The Gordon conscience backed by Britain's power. '

Dollis Hill, near London, is the great * gathering
ground for religious and philanthropic inovementB.
The first time I visited it was to listen to Mr. Glad-
stone ivldress iin out of -door assemblage in protest
against the coercion of Ireland, but religious denomi-
nations and various charitable associations find there
their natural rallying ground. In their absence from
England it is difficult to see who will fill their place.
Lady Aberdeen is an enthusiastic photographer, and
her book, "Through Canada with a Kodak," bears
abundant testimony to the fact that she has the eye
of an artist as well as the pen of a i\\\\fk and observ-
ant writer. .\s a sjM-aker she is vt-ry effective, her voice
is full of miisi<' and singularly free from the shrill-
ness which sometimes nmrs the oratory of women.
Every morning at Rideau Hall the household as-
sembles for inoniing prayers, which are conducted
by Lord Aberdeen, or in his absence by his wife.
They are very simi)le. A hynm is sung, a chapter in
the Bii)le is read and then Lord Aberdeen reads
prayers, and the household then join in the Lord's
prayer This, how«'ver, is by no means the only oc-
casion on wdiich the heads of the house and the
domestics meet on a footing of equality. Every week
they have a meeting of their hous(du)ld club, which
is social and educational. Mendwrs of the hou.se-
hold and visitors take part in a medley of music,
speechmaking and discussion. There are besides
classes held in connection with the club and lantern
lectures given. On the whole, the experiment is
of \\o\ni and i)romiae and worthy of imi-

one full
tation.

There
through

and the

is a fine spirit of brotherliness running
the whole establishment at Rideau Hall
genial glow of that hou.sehold life will be
felt far and wide in the Now World. What the
future may hold it is impossible to say, but it is not a
very hazardous prediction to say tlnit at the end of
five years even those who most grieved that Lord and
Lady Aberdeen did not return in 1892 to the Green
Isle they love so much, and which so heartily returns
that love, will rejoice that this did not come to pass
at that time. It is imix)ssible for mo to express
more strongly my conviction as to the good results
which are likely to follow from this Govemor-Gen-
ei-alshii>.

' Kreat*KHthering
iropic iiiovementB.
Hten to Mr. Qlad-
iibliige in protest
religious denoini-
Jiations find there
heir absence from
11 till their plaoe.
•hotographer, and
a Kodak." bears

she hjiH the eye
ui(!k and olwerv-
tff-ctive, her voice

from the shrill-
•atory ot women,
le household aa-
h are conducted
nee by Ids wife,
ung, a chapter in
Aberdeen reads
in in the Lord's
iins the only oc-
! house and the
ity. Every week
lold club, which
•s of the house-
ledlcy of music,
Jre are besides
lub and lantern
' exiwriment is
woi-thy of imi-

rliuess running
t Rideau Hall
old life will be
Id. What the
', but ifc is not a
t at the end of
1 that Lord and
9^ to the Green
leartily returns
ot come to pass
me to express
le good results
Governor-Gen-