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Meps, plates, charts, etc., may be filmed et different reduction ratios. Those too lerge to be entirely included in one exposure ere filmed beginning in the upper left hand corner, left to right end top to bottom, es many frames as i'equired. The following diegrams illustrate the method: Les csrtes, planches, tableaux, etc.. peuvent Atre filmAs A des taux de reduction diffirents. Lorsque le document est trop grand pour dtre reproduit en un seul clichA, il est film6 A partir de I'angle sup6rieur gauche, de gauche A droite, et de haut en bas, en prenant le nombre d'imeges nAcessaire. Les diagrammes suivants illustrent la mAthode. 1 2 3 1 2 3 4 5 6 (Eljr itlnilninii Mnln. AN ACCOUNT OF THE CELEBRATION COMMEMOIUTIVK OK TilK OPKNING OF RAILROAD COMMUNICATION HKTWIJ.N BOSTON AND CANADA, SEPTEMBEU 17ih, ISxh. and loxii, 1851. # irra^' ' II I II J .1 jaS"'-^ %l|g Yl EiC' STONILY ;';M B O S T O N : 1 H5 2. J. II. EASTBUHN, CITY PUJNTEH. L-/ 1^ ■] .^4183 1 I ^ P R i: FACE The Editor of tlie following!; Report, who was re(|ue9tc(l to prepare it by the Committee of the City Council, to whom its preparation was iii the first instance entrusted, deems it i)ropor, for the purpose ot' obvia<:in;^ misapprehension, to make a remark or two in justice to the Committee. Had tlie work been execut- ed by them, it w^ •uld doubtless have been far better done ; yet, from tlieir relations to the City, and their official participation in the events described, they would have labored imdcr some em- barrassments which could not be felt by others not so situated. The only directions which tlie Editor received from the Com- mittee, were to make the Report as full and accurate as possible, and to use all despatcli ; in other respects he was left at liberty to adopt his own course and present it in such form as his judgment might approve. AVith these directions he has faithfully endeavor- ed to comply, and has at the same time attempted, : hough, as he is fully aware, with very imperfect success, to give to the Celebra- tion that character, which, after a careful consideration of all its relations, it seemed to him to be properly entitled. HosTON, February, ^x'y2. i: II RATA, •'ago 11.', lino m, for " stirvivoH," road siirvivo. r.i, i;o, so, 8(i, lO'.l, 33, fi,r"T\visl(l(,ii,' read TxvistlotOM .M. I'. :il, tor " Jo.siali 1'. liradlcc,- r.'a.l J. I'utiiam Ura.tl. e. :iii, liir " Cdoinlis," rcail Cimilis. :inl ,,„a .1,1., r.r" Surveyor ul ,1,0 l'.,rt," read .Naval (Jllicem, IN.r, ,., |)„s,..„ lor " A. Apa.ssi/," road A. K. Afiassiz. " "• linli and 2>,'d, Ibr " Stewart," read Stuart. 3a, lor " Stewart,'" read Stuart. I ,3 RAILIIOAD JUBILEE. i>r iiiisiiiii. The celebration commemorative of the completion of the great lines of railway connecting our City with the Canadas and the West, and the establishment by some of our citizens, of a line of Ocean steamships to facilitate and enlarge our commercial intercourse with the Old World, Avas an event which will long be remembered, and the history of which must form a prominent chapter in the social and commercial annals of Boston. It was a celebration worthy of the occasion and of the character of the City by which it was instituted; a jubilee in commemoration of the peaceful and beneficent triumphs of science and skill, appointed by a City distinguished for the intelligent enterprise and resolute perseverance of its in- habitants, and for its faithful maintenance and promotion of all those great interests, Civil, Religious, Literary and Indus- trial, upon which the well being and progress of a community so essentially depend. However extensive and brilliant may have been the public pageants on other occasions, no one, it is believed, has, on this Continent, surpassed, if any have equalled, that of the ITth, 18th, and 19th of September. And the magnitude of the enterprises which the varied ceremonies of those days were designed to celebrate, well entitled them to be thus distinguished, when they arc considered in all their present and probable future bearings upon the interests, not of this City and State alone, but of all New England, the great AV'cst and the Canadas. Other ontorprisos havo boon iindcrtakon and siircossfiilly accomplislied by our citizoiis, mIiIcIi wcro tlioii^bt to he, and iiidi;c'd were, worthy oi" osj)ocial comiiieinor.'itioii. But these, liowever important to tlic interests of the City, were local in their design and inlhience. To incn^asc the comfort, the conveniences and the general prosperity of the city or its immediate vicinity, was their primary object. How wise was the foresight wiiif.'Ii oriL'inated and conducted them, the present prosj)erity of Boston amply shows. But thouifji each, in ils (lesiuMi, looked only to the attainment of comparatively limited and specific results, yet its successful oijcration, by inspiring a spirit of conlidcnce, by multij)lying our resources, and extending our rekations, served to prepare the way for others of Lneater magnitude. Thus, step by step, each bolder and fauner than the pre- ceding, has our City gone forward in her energetic career, until, from the construction of ;i bridge across Charles River in 17S(), she has projected, and after many years" endeavor, has in a great measure brougiit to successful comj)letion, a system of railroads whose united length exceeds a thousand inilcs. Of this great system Boston is the centre. Starling from within her limits, seven main lines extend in dif- ferent directions through the State, and by their numerous connections and lateral branches, form, all over it, a network of iron. Animated by our example, encouraged by our suc- cess, and at times aided by our means, the people of the neighboring States have united their elforts with ouvy, and every obstacle to the easiest interconmiunication has been overcome. Our borders have been crossed by railroads on every side that is not washed by the Ocean, great level high- ways have been extended through every State in New Eng- land, and we are connected by iron bands with the Canadas on the North, and the great Lakes and the Valley of the ]Mississii)pi on the west. Wiien we rellect that hardly twenty years have elai)sed since the ilrst shovelful of earth was moved on either of the ])ubl!(^. railroads now in operation in our Stale ; that only so far back as the year 1834, a locomotive emiine was for the wore lirst time iiitrodnrLMl into New Miml.-iiid ; and tlint llit3 ('iirlif.sl coin|iIc'(cal ruails won! noi opruccl (or ir;i»Ll iin'i>nL'h llicr." Avlmlc l('ni:fli till tlic year ls:j."», [tlio lloston ;nid Providence in Jinic, and iIk; IJuston :nid WDrcustcr in .in!.':| ;nid tlnii sprend out Ix'l'ore ns n niilwiiy ni;i|> of iIh; Ni'w linudiind StiUt's, and see what has heeii acconiplislicd : — thai witiiin tiic limits of onr own .small State njuvards ot' a tlionsaml miles ol' road have been opened lor travel, and licyond our limits a tlionsand more in close connection wiili them, and tending,' to tlio same comnmn centre, at a.i outlay 'for liie whole) ol' nearly a hundred nnllions ol' dollars, we can loriu some adc(|nate conception ol" the mighty work that has been acconiplislicd. The Railroad Jubilee was designed, then, not only to i!X- ])ress our joy at the Ihial triumph of our elForts to acconi- j)lis!i enterprises of great moment, but to mark with distinct- ness, wjiat, it is believed, will ever be consiileretl a prominent era in the industrial and conunercial annals of N(!W England. And it is litting that such evcnits, as they occur, shoidd bo conuueinoratcd in a striking and pitldic Uianner. 'JMiey are })oiiUs at wiiich it is Well to pause, and io(jk back. Com- forts, conveniences, Ijlessings are siiov.ereil on us iii such j)rofusion by the almost magic achievements of science and art, that uidess rcmiiuied i'rom time to time of their reality and value, we are in danger either of not thinking of them at all, or at least of estimating them at too low a rate. Such occa- sions naturally lead us to contrast the present with the past, and so to form a more vivid conception of the changes Vviiich a few generations or a lew years have wrought, of the bless- ings which advancing civilization has conferred on us, and of the responsibility resting ui)on us to transmit, to our pos- terity, not diminished, but enlarged, the great inheritance which has descended to us. And, hi this view, it may not be inaj)propriate at this time to take a further retrospect. For, in estimating the ciiaracter and meaning of this Celebration, it is important to talce into consideration the i|ualitics and condition of the community Avhich originated it, and to glance at the nature and jirogress of the pioiiiiiipiit events of its history prior to those imniodiatfly under coiisideratioii. TwciHy years have siilliiM-'d to ellcc^t an immense chaniro in the social relations, and the iiKhistrial interests of all New I'lngland. But the inl('lli^onc(! to ;-Miide, the wisdom and holdness to plan, the skill, energy and per- severance to execnte, so essential to the working out of such a revolution, are not of the growth of twenty years ; for them wc are indehted in large measure to our fathers ; and from tlie foundation of our City those (lualitics have constituted u portion of the legacy which each passing generation has handed di landea down to its successor. And thus our triunii)hs <»l to-day were prepared for us in the past : and the event we have so recently honored, is but the last of a long series, ■whose united inlluence has wrought cut results which can never be contemplated without admiration. It is now little more than two hundred and twenty years since the settlement of Boston. Hardly seven generations of men have passed since the spot we now inhabit was a wil- derness. "Accustomed as we arc to the beauties of the place and its vicinity, and in the daily perception of the charms of its almost unrivalled scenery ; — in the centre of a natural amphitheatre whose sloping descents the riches of a laborious and intellectual cultivation adorn, — where hill and vale, river and ocean, island and continent, simple nature and nnobtrusive art, with contrasted and interchanging harmo- nies, form a rich and gorgeous landscape, we are little able to realize the almost repulsive aspect of its original state. To the eyes of the first emigrants, however, where now exists a dense and aggregated mass of living beings and material things, amid all the accommodations of life, the sjjlendors of wealth, the delights of taste, and whatever can gratify the cultivated intellect, there were then only a few hills which, when the Ocean receded, were intersected by wide marshes, and when its tide returned, appeared a group of lofty islands rising from the surrounding waters. Thick forests concealed the neighboring hdls, and the deep silence of nature was broken only by the voice of the wild beast or bird, and the wurwhuop of the savage. i I i (Ml C(1 lediait'ly (.'licet ail iidiistrial o guide, [iiid ))(M- o( such for llicm nd tVoni ituteil a Unii has iiij)hs of vent wo 1^ series, »ich can ty years alious of s a wil- hc place larms of iiatia-al iiborions id vale, irc and harmo- 3 able to To xists a laterial dors of ify the which, larshes, islands icealed re was nd the e I The advantages of the place were, however, clearly mark- ed by iho hand of nature; combinniy at once present con- venience, Inture security, and an amide basis for i)erinanent J i.'ro\vth and prosperity. Towards the continent it possessed but u single avenue, and that easily fortified. Its hills then commanded not only its own waters, but the hills of the vicinity. At the bottom of a deep bay, its harbor was capa- ble of containing the proudest navy of lluropc ; yet locked by islands and guarded by winding channels, it |)resented great difficMlty of access to strangers, and to the inhabitants great facilities for i)rotection agamst maritime invasion ; M'hile to those aci|uamtcd with its waters, it was both easy and accessible. To these advantages wore added goodness and plenteousness of water, and the security alforded l)y that once commanding height, now, alas! obliterated and almost forgotten, since art and industry have levelled that predomi- nating mountain of the place from whose lofty and imposing top, the beacon-fire was accustomed to rally the Jieighboring population on any threatened danger to the metropolis."' * Such was the spot to which onr fathers came to establish for themselves a home ; and such was the scene presented to their eyes. How wonderful the change, which, in the com- paratively short period of two hundred years, has been effect- ed ! But tlie same bold spirit of enterprise that led them to encounter all the hazards and privations of founding a settle- ment in the inibroken wilderness ; the same resolute perse- verance, and uncomiuerable energy, that cliaracterized their after career, have ever been prominent traits in the character ^ of their descendants. I Civil and religious freedom were, indeed, the objects which '\ rose high above all others in their view, yet the determined and self-relying spirit which actuated them in their struggle after these, gave life, vigor, and direction to all their acts, and soon, amid the shadows of tlie dark forest, the abode of the savage and the wild beast, were laid deep and secure the * From nn Address to the Citizens of Boston, delivered on the l"tli September, 1 830, nt the close of the Second Century after the Settlement of the City, by iho Hon. .Tosinh Quinoy, L.L. D. 8 foundations of our city. Proud as wc may be, in view of our achievements in the arts of peace : lar-rcaching and magnifi- eoiit as may be oiu" enterprises, yet nothing we can accom- nlish can ever surpass the real greatness of their exploits. To them, under Heaven, the prosperity, \vhich this day crowns our City, is chiefly due. They lighted the torch to guide our steps. They left us the priceless legacy of their ex- ample, and the still more precious inheritance of their spirit. '^^Po fail to acknowledge, on such an occasion, our deep obliga- tions to them, would be a wrong to ourselves. Our glory is, that we have not been unmindful of the lessons they taught, nor undervalued the legacies they left. Familiar as we all are, or should be, with the history of our City, it may not be uninteresting or uninstructive to dwell for a few moments upon some of the points which place the past and the present in striking contrast, and briel'y advert to a few of the events of by-gone years, which, though to us seemingly unimportant, were the prominent events of their day, and the germs of much of our present prosperity. In the year 1030, a " single cottage from which ascended the smoke of the hospitable hearth of Blackstone, was the only mansion in the solitude," and an assessment of thirty pounds was sufficient for the purchase of all the local rights in the Peninsula which Blackstone possessed. Now, Boston and its vicinity, within a radius of five miles, contain at least 230,000 inhabitants.* The City itself has about 145,000, with an assessed valuation of one hundred and eighty-seven millions of dollars. In 1031, a small bark was built, at Mystick, by Gov. Winthrop. It was launched on the 4th of July of that year, and named the '* Blessing of the Bay." " How strikingly in contrast the building of that little boat, the solitary instance of that year, with the annual pro- ductions that now come from the shi])yards which line the banks of the Mystic — of the single voyage to Rhode Island, to trade for a hundred bushels of corn, with that commerce which now covers the wide waters from the Arctic to the * Witliin a liiiliiis of ixty luiios from the State llou^c in Boston, tiicrc arc one million of inlial)it;ii!ts. lu'.irly all of whom arc in convenient iiroxiniity to railways conncoted witli the tnetrojiolis. The rn'.lini' em'irneps parts of nei;jliboring States. 9 rights 3ostou taiii at about d and rk was on the of the at little lal pro- ne the island, ■imerce to the arc one railways sr Status. i Antarctic, and surrounds the globe with a constant proces- sion of the white winged messengers of Peace and Plenty." In April, 1635, the first " Free School " was established in Boston, twelve years prior to the law of the Commonwealth making the establishment of such institutions imperative. Not to be able " perfectly to read the English tongue," and to " know the general laws," our fathers denomhiated " bar- barism ;" — and from the day when they " entreated our brother Philemon Pormont to become schoolmaster, for the nurturing and teaching children with us," to this hour, when, what is e([nivalent to a capital of twelve hundred thousand dollars is invested in school houses, when two hundred schools are maintained, and nearly twenty-one thousand children edu- cated, at an annual expense of three hundred and twenty-five thousand dollars, the people of Boston have never wavered for a moment in their attachment to the system of " free Schools," or in their generous support of it ; and it is not too much to say, that in projjortion to its means and population, no city in the world ever gave more uniform and unequivo- cal evidence of its earnest desire to diliuse intellectual power and moral culture through the whole mass of the commu- nity. In 1079 the first fire engine was procured, and the first fire company organized. In 1704 appeared " The Boston News-Letter," the first newspaper ever published in the British colonies in North America. In 1710 a post-office was established, and mails were for- warded once a week to Plymouth and to Maine, and once a fortnight to New York. i\fter the conclusion of the war of the Revolution, the first great enterprise in whicli our citizens engaged was the construction of a bridge leading to Charlcstown over Charles river. And it was an enterprise of no ordinary magnitude for those days, — and one respecting whose ultimate success there were many doubts. But the work was commenced, ])rosecutcd with vigor, and opened for travel on the 1 7th of .luiie, KSG. This occasion was celebrated with appropriate 10 festivities. Salutes of thirteen guns were fired at sunrise from Bunker's and Copp's Hills ; a long procession was formed which passed through the streets and over the bridge, and eight hundred persons sat down to a dinner provided for them on Breed's Hill. The number of spectators present on the occasion was estimated at more than twenty thou- sand. Now, besides the seven lines of railroad, five bridges, four broad avenues and two ferries are daily crowded with tens of thousands passing to or from the city. These few reminiscenses and contrasts are, perhaps, as well calculated as any thing to show the steady yet rapid growth of the city ; and to impress upon the mind the strong conviction, that not to superiority of natural advantages alone or chiefly must it be ascribed. In this connexion we quote from an address of Mr. Mayor Bigelow : — " So large an ac- cumulation of people and wealth on a single spot, as is now found here, could hardly have been anticipated within a re- gion of our country so little favored by nature. The sterile soil, the rugged surface, the stern climate, and the want of navigable streams in New England, would have seemed to render it improbable that it would ever be considerably peo- pled, or that any great commercial mart should arise within its borders. It would seem that such could only exist within the more central and southerly portions of the Union, under more genial skies, and in the vicinity of the great natural routes of inter-communication. But the resolution and intel- ligent industry of our fathers surmounted every obstacle. The region sneeringly stigmatized as having no natural pro- ductions for export but ' granite and ice,' now teems with three millions of the children of freedom, abounding in all the comforts of civilized life — and its metropolis ranks with the great cities of the globe. " It is to be borne in mind, also, that that metropolis became an important city long before science and art had cut in sun- der the hills, elevated the vales, and spanned the running waters, to unite her commerce in easy and rapid communica- tion with more favored climes. " If our people could achieve a position so prominent while ; I 4 as : 11 destitute of any of the facilities of intercourse with the inte- rior, witli which other cities were so abundantly ' '3ssed, what may we not expect of the future destiny of Boston now that her iron highways, extending in all directions, bring her into convenient proximity with every section of the land ? Those who could effect so much under the most repelling circumstances, nay be depended upon to avail themselves, to the full, of heir new and ample advantages. " The long winter of New England isolation is broken ; — she now warms and flourishes in friendly and thrifty inter- course with the luxuriant West ; and it is not too much to anticipate that the day will come, when there will be no greater or more prosperous city upon the American continent than the City of the Pilgrims." * When we see a community steadily pursuing, through suc- cessive generatioiifj, the same onward and upward course, it can only be through the impulse of the same ever acting motives. A free school in the wilderness, — a house erected for the worship of God, within hearing of the war-cry of the savage, indicate clearly enough the principles which stimu- lated the energies of our fathers. In their vigorous pursuit of material advantages, they never lost sight of higher inter- ests. If their harvests were abundant, if their trade was prosperous and their resources enlarged, the institutions of religion, of learning and of benevolence shared largely in the general prosperity. If they were successful in the accu- mulation of wealth, they were no less liberal in the distribu- tion of it. To found a school or a college was as dear an object with them, as to add to their manufactures or extend their commerce ; and the enterprise and thrift, which enabled them to foster and support their seminaries of learning, de- rived in return from them the intelligence which insured success. Thus in harmonious and happy union grew up together and in mutual dependence all the pursuits and institutions essential to the stability, progress and happiness while * " Inauj:ural Addrcs^i to tlie City Council. By John Trescott Bigelow." Mayor. "Jan. 1, IS 19 12 of a people. And so now, and in this light, must be viewed the works of the present generation. The forest of masts that almost encircles our city, the pant- ing steamers and the fleets of freighted ships with outspread sails, which enliven our beautiful harbor; our crowded thor- oughfares, ringing with the din of traflic and the noisy hum of industry; and our sometimes magnificent and always extensive and substantial railway stations, where no hour passes without the entrance or departure of some long train of cars, moved by its swift though ponderous engine, and filled with passengers or loaded with merchandize, furnish unequivocal evidences of the activity, energy and enterprise of our citizens. But M'hcn we see how liberally the wealth thus procured is devoted to un- selfish purposes and noble ends ; how the institutions founded by our ancestors foi the maintenance of religion and the dif- fusion of intellectual and moral culture are upheld and extend- ed; how all the "charities tha«- soothe and heal and bless" are generously supported : — how much is the character of this activity and progress exalted, and wbat encouraging proofs are given that the spirit and the principles of our fathers "survives in the hearts and is exhibited in the lives of the citizens of Boston ! " It is one of the noblest features in the v.'hole history of our city, that its industrial and commercial objects and suc- cesses have ever been made to subserve the highest interests of humanity ; and to speak of them out of this connexion, and view them as merely mercenary in their aims and ends, would mar the truth, as much as it would deface the beauty, of that history. And now, while dwelling with, we trust not improper feelings of pride and satisfaction, on the successful results of our efforts to extend and enlarge our commercial relations, we may be pardoned if we do not forget, that v/hile constrticting a thousand miles of railroad, we have contrib- uted millions for the general good. But, leaving such considerations and looking at the event so recently celebrated only in its commercial character and its relations to the present, we shall still find that, viewed in any aspect, it was one of no ordinary importance ; and we 13 may see in it an illustration " how God draAvs the good of a liighcr sphere out of the benefits that lie in a lower order. The casual motive of the enterprise that has covered New England with nerves, of which our city is the brain, was not distinctly philanthropic. Perhaps it was chictly selfish." * * * " But Providence had another and a higher use for those iron tracks and tlying trains. Mtcv the mercantile heart had devised and secured them, God took them for his purposes, without paying any tax for the privilege, he uses them to quicken the activity of men ; to send energy and vitality where before was silence and barrenness ; to multiply cities and villages, studded with churches, dotted with schools, and filled with happy homes and budding souls ; to increase wealth which shall partially be devoted to his service and kingdom, and all along their banks to make the wilderness blossom as the rose. Without any vote of permission from legislatures and ollicials, even while the cars are loaded with profitable freight and paying passengers, and the groaning engines are earning the necessary interest, Providence sends, without charge, its car- goes of good sentiment and brotherly feeling ; disburses the culture of the city to the simplicity of the hamlet, and brings back the strength and virtue of the village and mountain to the wasting faculties of the metropolis ; and fastens to every steam-shuttle that flies back and forth and hither and thither, an invisible thread of fraternal influence, which, entwining sea-shore and hill-country, mart and grain-field, forge and factory, wharf and mine, slowly prepares society to reali^ce, one day, the Saviour's prayer, "that they all may be one." * * * * " It is good," then, " that mountains shall be graded, ledges blasted, fair roads built, deserts fertilized, swamps iilled, marshes drained, and machinery invented; and just as fast as these objects are accomplished, better results than tiu-ifty enter))rise had in view supervene. There is more intelli- gence, more generosity, more enjoyment, more advantages for securing the great ends of human life." * * * " The visit of our exccllont Chief ^Magistrate and his Cpbinot bore witness, by the speed witli which they reached our city from the capital, to the effects of these material 14 benefits in making our countrymen acquainted with each other, and in cementing their fellowship. Those who in- dulge fears for the stability of our nation on account of the extent of its domain, and who justify those fears by the re- corded fortunes of ancient empires that were broken by the weight of their territories, do not appreciate the difference be- tween our condition and theirs, in a representative government and provincial independence. And yet, admirably devised as our scheme of government is to promise central vigor and permanence, and to avoid the perils that spring from breadth of territory, diversity of climate, variety in habits, prejudices, and the scale of culture, and the conflict of material and so- cial interests, it is very doubtful whether its present extent would not prove too vast for the resources of our Constitu- tion, if we had been left to the old means of communication and intercourse. The framers of our national charter would have considered the idea of bringing the shores of both oceans undfer its sway, and keeping tneir inhabitants in peaceful and fraternal communion, scarcely less than prepos- terous ; and, with mail-coaches for the only conveyance to Utah, and barks doubling Cape Horn as the swiftest medi- ators between Washington and San Francisco, the attempt would be almost useless. But when California may be brourlit within one week's distance, and the pioneers of Iowa and the planters by the banks of the Rio Grande may hear the debates that affect their interests in the capitol before tho speakers reach their perorations, a new principle is introduced which must modify all calculations of national security dr^xwn from the infirmity of Athens and the decline of Rome. iSteam and the magnetic wires compel the cor- rection of our political philosophy ; and, if there be a pre- eminent value in the structure of our civil constitution ; if it be a worthy subject for rejoicing that the breadth of a conti- nent should be brought under its sway, and exhibit to the world the lasting triumph of the experiment of republican freedom, on a largor scale than any upon which imperial despotisms have yet displayed their transient strength, our {rratitndo is not more certainly due to Providence for the w th th 15 wisdom and patriotism of Washington, Franklin and Adams, than it is for the genius of Watt, the ingenuity of Fulton, and the mercantile energy which has threaded our Ibrests with rail tracks and disturbed our waters with steamships that conquer tides and storms."* Considered, therefore, either as one of a long series of events, which, dating from the early settlement of the city, and deriving their essential elements of success from the character and institutions of its people, have contributed to its growth and prosperity ; or in its relation to the social and commercial interests, present and prospective, not of the city or the State alone, but of all New England ; and, in view of the happy influence which it has already exerted, and is des- tined, in its fuller developments and still wider extension, yet more powerfully to exert, upon the political relations of the States of our Union, and upon our international connexions, the completion of the great system of railways which, start- ing from Boston, as a central point, and penetrating the neighboring States in all directions, have reached the Cana- das and united the ocean to the proud rivers and the great inland seas of the West, was an event too important to be passed by unnoticed. Whatever may have been the more immediate and appa- rent motives which originated and guided the enterprise, — allowing to selfishness, competition and rivalry their full influ- ence, — to ascribe its successful execution to these alone would be to take but a superficial and imperfect view of it. It was sustained, encouraged, and consummated by the general, ha- bitual and time-honored spirit of the community. It is the oflspring, not more of commercial rivalry, than of wise fore- sight, enlightened patriotism, and disinterested devotion to the public weal. Such being tlie character of the enterprise, and the nature of our relation to it as a community, it was natural, as the long anticipated day of its completion, to which we had been so largely instrumental, and in which our interests were so the * "The Eiuli'Oiul JiiMk'c. Two Discourses dclivciecl in Ilollis street Meeting- liouse. Sunday, Sept. 21, ISJl. Uy Thomas Starr King." 16 deeply involved, M'as at hand, that the public attention should be turned to the subject, and that its importance should bo more directly and fully realized. Nor was it forgotten by the members of the government, in their consideration of the subject, that the proposed celebra- tion would ailbrd to the city a favorable opportunity to testify to the neighboring Provinces, and so to the whole of the British Empire, its respectful and friendly consideration. It seemed not improper that that Boston whose citizens played so prominent a part, for reasons satisfactory to themselves, in the revolution which separated the two nations, should now, for reasons cijually satisfactory, bo no less prompt, hearty and energetic in the work of their reconciliation. It seemed to them, that to impro/e this opportunity could not fail to be agreeable to the heart and attractive to the imagination of every one in the community. The City, too, is the metropolis of that Massachusetts whose citizens, as armed provincial or continental soldiers, had fought and lost and won many a fierce battle against the inhabitants of those provinces, but whose recollections of this border inter- course are associated with nothing worse than hard blows cordially given and gallantly returned, — not with instances of malignity, nor with any circumstances tending to impair their respect for the })ersonal qualities of their former antago- nists. As representing that community, therefore, it behoved Boston to avail herself of the chance so offered her to express to the peo])le of the British Provinces her thorough apprecia- tion of their character, and her desire to consider their present friendship as etpially sincere and manly with their long-past hostility, and to say that while she remembers her competitors at those old Olympic Games with more affection than resentment, yet she is willing to propose to them that their mutual competition shall, in future, be of a different sort, — instead of testing each other's power of destruction, to vie with each other in mutual good offices, and in earnest efforts to advance the welfare and happiness of man. Impressed with such views and feelings, and hi the full confidence that their inotivf;s would be justly appreciated. 17 311 should liould bo iment, in . celebra- te testify e of the tion. It s played mselves, , should prompt, filiation. ty could i to the le City, citizens, ght and tants of 3r inter- . blows istances impair antago- choved express )precia- r their their ers her ibction m that ]t sort, to vie efibrts e full ;iated, and that their action would meet the hearty approval of their fellow-citizens, the Municipal Authorities of Boston adopted, at an early day, preparatory measures for the appropriate celebration of the crowning event which was deemed so aus- picious to the social, political and commercial interests of the city. Encouraged by the many tokens of interest in the oc- casion, which were manifested both at home and abroad, and animated by the desire of rendering the celebration worthy of the character of the city ove wliose interests they presided, and in some measure commensurate with the magnitude of the work to be commemorated, tliey resolved to devote three days to this purpose, and accordingly designated the 17th, ISth and 19th of September to be observed as days of public rejoicing. The occasion has passed ; all the outward signs of rejoicing have disappeared ; and the multitude, who had gathered to our City from far and near to witness our prosperity and hap- piness, to partake our hospitality, and share our joy, have long since left us. But the memory of those days still lives ; the friendly and fraternal relations then formed, we trust, will never be destroyed, — and the happy inliuences which i naturally emanate from such an occasion, will, as we hope, continue to exert a living power long after the name of the Railroad .Tubilee shall have sunk into oblivion. That Jubilee must, however, for a long time, be regarded as an interesting occurrence in the history of Boston. The magnitude of the enterprises whose accomplishment it was designed to celebrate, the number of distinguished persons I'rom distant parts of our own country and from the neigh- boring Provinces of Great Britain, who honored it with their presence — the vast multitudes v/lio gathered from all (juarters to witness and share its festivities — the extent and variety of the preparations made to ensure its success, and the gen- erous and hearty zeal for its promotion, manifested by every class of our citizens, all served to invest the occasion with more than ordinary interest. As a not unimportant event ill our history, therefore, it is worthy of a permanent de- scription ; and, as furnishing a striking picture of the times, IS ns expressing the sentiment and embodying some of the most imf)ortant cluiructcristics ot" Iho age, it will have a hiii;h value in tlie eyes of the future historian, and will bo looked back upon by succeeding sienerations witii the same interest, and let us hope, with something of the same ])ride and satisfaction, with which we now dwell upon the acts of those who have preceded us. But not for the future only should an account of tliis event bo written. The interest in the occasion has not yet so died out in our own hearts, that we may not derive some satisfaction from a review of its pleasing features ; and by the many sons of New England scattered ail over our land and the world, it must be welcomed with some pleasure, if only as a voice from home, while, to those both at home and abroad, who are not familiar with our history, resources and institutions, it may serve to give more correct views of us as a community. It is proposed, therefore, to give as accurate and circum- stantial an account as is possible, of the three days' Jubilee, and every effort has been made to ensure its completeness, and also, to furnish in an Appendix such statistical and other matter as may have relation to the subject, or serve to illus- trate the past or present character and condition of our City. That the IX must be many imperfections in the manner in which this task has been executed, and doubtless some im- portant omissions, every intelligent person will readily under- stand. It is hoped, however, that, as they are involuntary, if not unavoidable, they will be as readily forgiven. 1 I by| tic W th« th< so wi wi tak Sei W( ui 10 le of the I have a 1 will be tlic same ho same ell upon t for the written. It in our )n from a IS of New t must be »m home, t familiar serve to circum- ' Jubilee, ness, and nd other ; to illus- ir City, anner in lome im- y under- mtary, if i THE JUBILEE. On the 1 1th of July, the first public measure was adopted by the City Government for the institution of the celebra- tion, by the passage of the following Preamble and Resolves : — '•' In Board of Mayor and Aldermen, July 14, 1S51. " The Mayor oflered the following Preamble and Resolve : — Whereas it ic understood that the line of Railways, uniting the Cities of Moi^treal and Boston, will be completed during the present month, and whereas it is desirable that an event so important should be appropriately celebrated — Therefore, Resolved, That the whole Board of Mayor and Aldermen, with such as the Common Council may join, be a Committee with full powers to consider and report what action shall be taken by the City Government of Boston in the premises. Sent down for concurrence. Came up concurred, and Francis Brinley, Esq., President of the Common Council, Messrs. Charles H. Stearns, - - - .Tames B. Allen _ - _ _ Iliram Bosworth, - - - - Henry J. Gardner, . - - Benjamin Beal, - - - - John P. Putnam, - - - - James W. Sever, - - - - Daniel N. Haskell, - _ - Newell A. Thompson, - - - Ezra Lincoln, (and by a subsequent vote, Otis Kimball,) - - - Albert T. Minot, - - - - and Josiah Dunham, Jr., were joined." The following Preamble and Resolution, which is the one under which the Committee acted, was moved in the Com^ of Ward 1, « 2, 1 • 3, 4, 5, 6, T, 8, 9, 10, n. 12, "^ GO J ii mon Council on tho stinio evi-nino:, by K/m Liiirolii, I-'iSfj., as an oriu'inal nicasiire, and was adopted, sent up lor concnr- reiicc, and concurred in : so that tho two brauehes of the City (jiovernmenl ecjually and harmoniously coiunicncod tho movement. "Whereas, it is nnderstood that tho lino of railways unitini: tho Cities of Montreal and IJoston, will bo completed during the present month, and whereas it is deemed that an event so important shoidd be api)ropriately celebrated, therefore, Resolved, That a Committee of this Hoard, consisting of ono from each Ward, to be joined ])y a (Jommitteo whom the Mayor and Aldermen shall appoint, be a Conmiittco with full powers to consider and determine what action shall be taken by the City Government of Boston in the premises." The same Committee was appointed under both resolu- tions. At a meeting of this Committee on a subsequent day, tho following Sub-Committees were formed, viz : — On Circular. Alderman Rogers — Messrs. Sever and Put- nam. To arrange for a meeting of the Merchants. Alderman Holbrook — Messrs. Sever and Gardner. On Invitation and Reception. The Mayor — the President of the Common Council, Aldermen Holbrook and Briggs — Messrs. Lincoln, Putnam, Haskell, Minot, Thompson, Sever, Kimball. On Escort and Procession. Aldermen Kimball and Mun- roe — Messrs. Brinley, Dunham, Stearns, Beal, Allen, Has- kell. On a Public Diyincr. The Mayor — Aldermen Sniitli and Munroe — Messrs. Thompson, Beal, Allen and Dunham. On Railroad Maps. Alderman Kimball — Messrs. Lincoln and Minot. On a Harbor Excursion. The Mayor — Alderman Grant — Messrs. Gardner, Kimball, Bosworth, Lincoln and Beal. On Fire Works. Aldermen Briggs and Clark — Messrs. Haskell, Lincoln and Thompson. On a Visit to Public Institutions. The whole Committee, i ti f(| 21 , Ksq., (IS r coiicin- -s of tlu! iicod tli(! 's iiiiitiiii; d (luring i event ho orr, listing of .'luirn the witii full be takou li resolu- duy, tlio ind Put- Lldermau sidcnt of 3riggs — ompson, d ^lu li- en, Has- lith and lani. Lincoln jlrant — 3cal. ■Messrs. imittce. 4 4 4 i For the |)ur|)tvse of inaUing the intentions of the City Oov- ernincnt, as expressed by the above Preamble and llest-lvc, mnro generally known, of calliii',' the attention of the citi- /Ilmis more particularly to the jirescnt and prospective magni- tude of the interests involved in our railway enterprises, and of inviting their co-operation in the j)roposed celebration, the following Circular was issued :— To the Citizens of Boston : Tlio City (lovcrnmcnt of ])Ostoii propose to celebrate, In an up- ))ri>iinate muinier, the iitial cniuiiletiou of the great lines of rail- ^vuv unit ill'' the tide v,utcr at IJoston with the Cauadas and the great West ; and also the estal^liHlinient ot American lines ot steamers between ]Joston and Liverpool. The importance (jf these events to the great social and commercial interests of our city can hardly ho exaggerated. "We arc uov.- about to ivulize, it is believed, the full Ijcnefit of those great enterprises, in the ))eri'ect- ing of which we have expended so nmch capital. There ra-o nov.' coiiijiletcd and in operation, in Massachusetts aione, about li'OO miles of raihvay; and in New I-higland, about 2400 miles. Mas- sachusetts has exi)cnded, iu the completion of these roads, the enormous amount of ,^")4, 000,000 ; and it ai)pears from the rc- \)o\'U of the several railroad corjiorations in this State, made to the last Legislature, that there were trans])orted over the Massa- chusetts roads alone, during the year ISoO, l>,r)00,000 passen- gers, and 2,r)00,000 tons of freight. This statement, however, but imperfectly presents the advantages -which we are to derive from tlicse works. The railways of Ma.jsachusetts are but a. small link in the gi'cat lines which connect us with remoter sec- tions of our country. The several lines connecting us with the Canadas, northern New York, the great lakes and the far West, are now comjtieted, uniting us by railroad and steam navigation with thirteen States of the Union, comprising an area of -l-'S,"!'") scpiare miles ; the two Canadas, the lakes, with their 5000 miles of coast ; and In-inging within our commercial sphere a population of ten millions of inhabitants. The business of the lakes and the Canadas, and its rapid yearly increase, are worthy of especial consideration. U is estimated that the im])ort3 and exports of the Lak(! Ifarl-ors, exclusive of the Canadas, during the present year, will be $200,000,000. The annual increase of this business is found to he IT 1-2 per cent., thus doubling itself in less than six yoiu's. In addition to this, the imports and exports of the Canadas will amount during the present year to $50,000,000. 23 1 1 And now ■what are the advantages Avhich Boston possesses, for doing this immense business ? These are so manifest, that their importance ■will be readily appreciated. Her harbor is one of the iincst in the ■world. Her wharves and storage accommodations are equal, if not superior, to those of any other city, and capable of indefinite extension. Her local position is unrivalled, and the enterprise and integrity of her merchants are well known. The lines of railway to which we have alluded, all centre in her and radiate from her. It is ascertained, from the actual results of this year's business, that under favorable circumstances, all kinds of provisions can bo brought from the West, through these new lines of communication, to Boston, more speedily and at a less expense than to any other Atlantic port. In this connection it may not be amiss to remark that the books of the Custom House show, that the merchandise transported to tlie (.'anadas from the district of Boston and Charlestown, for the six months ending June 30, 1851, was more than (|uadruple that of the six months next preceding January 1, 1851. Merc]\andise can be landed at Ogdensburgh, on Lake Ontario, put on board the cars at that place, brought to Boston without trans-shipment, and from here exported to England by means of our steamships, in a much less time than it can be done by any other route. It seems to us, then, that Boston has every facility for becoming a great exporting as well as importing city. Cargoes from Liverpool in steamships, via Boston, may be dcUvered in ^Montreal in twelve days. This fact, taken in connection with the fact that the St. Law- rence is closed by ice during five months of the year, and that the communication Avitl\ Boston is uninterrupted during the whole year, must make Bof="con, as it seems to us, the port of entry for the Canadas, thus opening to us a business, the extent of which we have not begun to realize. The eligibility of our location as a shipping port for the Canadas, will be seen by the following state- ment of distances, as compared with New York. From Liverpool, via Halifax To Boston. 2876 miles. To Now York, 3093 miles " " (liivct - - - 18J0 " " " 3073 " Prom Ilalil'iix 30S " " '• 5S0 " From Montreal - . - . S44 " " " .S93 '• The distance from Liverpool to Montreiil via Boston is - - ;i-200 '• "Wliilc via Xcw Yorlv it is .■>-i71 " The difference between Liverpool and Montreal, in favor of Boston over New York, is 271 miles. In view of the above facts, and in conformity with the expressed wishes of many of the cl!.izens of Boston, the City Government propose to celebrate the comijlction of these lines of railways, by a festival in Faneuil Hall, and other appropriate ceremonies. It 8 1 i h K 23 of is proposed to invite to be present with us on that occasion, the Gcvernor-General of Canada, his Stalf and Cabinet, the leading Tncmbcrs of the Canadian Parliament, the Corporation of ^lon- trcal, the leading merchants in all the Canadian cities and Ogdens- burg, the President of the United States and his Cabinet, the Governors of the New England States, the Presidents of all the Railways in New England, the Mayors of the cities of New Eng- land, and others interested in railways and steam navigation. We cordially invite the co-opcratiou of our fellow citizens of Boston, in order that this celebration may be made in some de- gree commensurate with the great importance of the events to bo celebrated. For the Committee of Arrangements, JoDN P. BiGELOW, Blaijor. Citij Hall, Boston, August 1, 1851. The facts disclosed in this circular place in a strong light the importance of the growing trade of Canada and our re- lations to it ; and as, on the completion of the lines of road leading northward and westward, we should be brought within twelv^e hours travel of Montreal, one of her principal cities, and thus the way be opened for an unbroken, rapid and mu- tually advantageous intercourse, it was peculiarly appropriate that our Canadian friends should be invited to be present at the celebration, and that Ave should give expression to our wish to be united to them by the golden chains of friendly and social regard, as well as by the iron bands of commercial interest. To this end it was deemed advisable that a deputation fron the General Committee should personally visit the Canada?. This -was accordingly done, and the Sub-Committee, consist- ing of Mr. Francis Brinley, President of the Council, and Messrs. Lincoln, Putnam, Haskell, Thom]json, Sever, Kim- ball and Gardner, proceeded upon their mission, charged with the following note of invitation from t!ie [Mayor to tlie Governor Cxeneral : '•'Bovro\, \rn. 8, IS.'JI. rdv Lord, — ■ The City Government of Boston propose to celebrate, at an early day, with appropriate ceremonies, the completion of 1 1 1 l. Ryerson, the Superintendent of the Schools of the Province, states the number of public schools to be 3059 ; and the number of pupils 151,891. In Toronto, a line building, situated in an open square of nearly eight acres, will be finished this year, for the Provincial Normal School. The building and land will cost $60,000. The corner stone was laid on the 2nd of July last, by Lord Elgin, who pro- nounced a most able and eloquent address upon the occasion, which has since been published and eagerly sought for. Dr. Ryerson, a devoted and eminent clergyman of the Methodist church, has, by his zeal and devotion to the cause of popular education, infused his own enthusiasm into the public mind to such a degree, that, last year, the people of Canada West voluntarily taxed themselves, for the salaries of teachers, a larger sura, in proportion to their numbers, and kept open their schools, on an average, more months, than the neighbor- ing citizens of the great State of New York. In the evening, the delegation dined at Elmsley House, the residence of the Governor-General. The party consisted of the accomplished host and hostess, Lord and Lady Elgin, their suite, the speakers of both branches of the Legisla- ture, two members of the Cabinet and their predecessors, Sir Hew Dalrymple, an English Baptist Clergyman, whose name has escaped the writer's memory, Lieut. De Lancy Floyd Jones, of the U. S. Army, Hon. Charles Paine, of Vermont, Col. Schlatter, of Ogdensburg, and the members of the Committee. The conversation was confined to the topics naturally suggested by the mission of the Bostonians, the present happy relations existing between the two govern- ments, and the progress made by the people of New England in the arts of peaceful industry. 31 After retiring from Lord Elgin's, and in accordanco witii arrangements previously made, the Committee, in company with the Cabinet ^Ministers, attended a brilliant levee at the residence of one of the principal citizens of Toronto. A mmierous and elegant company were assembled, and the evening passed in a most agreeable manner. The Committee were gratified to learn from Lord Elgin, that he would visit Boston, if the state of public alFairs would allow him to leave the Province at the period of the com- memorative festivities, and were charged by him with the following reply to the Mayor's note of invitation : (( Toronto, Aug. 15, 1851. Sir, Your very kind and obliging letter of the 8th inst., has been handed to me by the Gentlemen of the Committee of the City Council who were charged with its delivery. 1 am very sensible of the honor done me by the Authorities of the City of Boston, in inviting me to be the guest of the City on the occasion of the proposed Railway celebration. I feel moreover a sincere interest in the completion of the great lines of communication stretching from Boston towards the North and West, of w^hich I witnessed the very promis- ing beginning in the winter of 1846-7. I would, therefore, gladly, if it were in my power to do so, accept at once the invitation which has been so courteously conveyed to me by your Honor, and the Gentlemen of the Deputation. My time, however, is not altogether, as I have more fully explained to those Gentlemen, at my own disposal. lam compelled there- fore to add tliat, much as I should desire to visit Boston, and to tender my thanks to yourself and the other authorities of the City, in person, my movements must depend on the state of public business within the Province. I have the honor to be, Sir, Your Ob't. Ser't., Elgin and Kincardine. To His Honor, John Prescott Bigelow, Mayor of Bostort.^' 32 I I Tlie Cabinet ministers, many members of Parliament, ofli- cors of the army, and other official personages, also accepted invitations to be present at the celebration. During the last morning of tlieir stay, the Committee were visited by a large nnmber of the principal merchants and bankers of the city. Members of Parliament, and of the Cabinet, furnished them with letters of introduction to several gentlemen in Montreal and (Quebec. The ofiicers of tlie Army and the mayor and officers of the Corporation called to pay their parting respects, and quite a deputation fiom vari- ous classes of society accompanied them to the steamer. The Committee left Canada West fully impressed with the gratifying conviction that its citizens are earnestly desirous of cultivating th.e acquaintance of, and extending their business relations with, the people of New England. The mission of the Committee from Boston occurred at a most fortunate period, as the Provincial Parliament were then engaged in the discussion of the whole subject of internal improvements, and public attention wa engrossed by tlie debates upon the subject. Canada West is destined to be one of the most prosperous and wealthy portions of the American continent. Its climate and soil are as favorable to agriculture as the best portions of New York. The people have many sympathies with their brethren on the opposite side of the lake and river, and it is hoped that the induence which will be exerted by the increased facilities for intercommunication, will be productive of lasting good to all the parties interested therein. The Delegation left Toronto, at noon, on Friday the 16th of August, for Kingston, where they arrived at day-break on the following morning, and whence, after having taken a hasty view cf the city, they proceeded on their way to Mon- treal, distant one hundred and ninety-six miles. Reaching jMontreal the same evening, the Delegation found the Mayor and members of the Corporation in waiting to give them an ofiicial reception, after which they were conveyed in car- riages to the Hays House, where rooms had been engaged for them, and a splendid entertainment prepared. They were C3 i IhPA-Q acain cordially wolcoincd by the Mayor, and handsome addresses wcro made to thein by several gcntlcnicii of the Uor'ioralioii, Avliich were responded to Ijy members of tlio Committoc. They then ;icce[>tcd an invitation to attend religious service at the Catholic Cathedral, on the following day. On l^Ionday, the Committee devoted the morning to tlie Inisiness of their mission. They found the men of business in Montreal (jnite enthusiastic in relation to the intended cele- bration. The jn'incipal bankers, importers and merchants gave tliG Committee a warm and hearty welcome, and assured them of their d(;op interest in all those great schemes of inter- nal improvement, wriich connect the Canadas witii Boston. Already the trade of Montreal has felt the beneficial results of the new and ra])id means of intercommunication, and her merchants duly appreciate the importance of the roads which place her witiiin a day's ride of Boston, and which no five months' frost can put under an embargo. At noon, the Delegation met tlie Mayor and Corporation at their rooms, where Mr. Brinley, in their behalf, explained the objects of their mission, and, in behalf of the City of Boston, extended an invitation to the Corporation of Montreal, to liouor the Railroad Jubilee with their presence. The Mayor replied, and for himself and his associates, accepted the mvi- tation. At this interview, the Committee received and accepted an invitation to visit the "Mountain," a favorite place of resort in the suburbs of the city. And, at the hour appointed, the Mayor and Corporation called at the hotel, and took up their guests. It M-as judiciously arranged, that but one member of the Committee should ride in eacli carriage, and that all politi- cal parties should be represented. This was the case in all the cities visited. The object was, that no erroneous impres- sion s!iould be made upon the minds of the strangers, and that the sentiments of Tories and Radicals, Ministerialists and members of the Opposition, French Canadians and Eng- lishmen, should be adequately explained to oach visitor. I'liur 34 TIk' ridi! roiiiul '' the Mountain " is tlirou<-,'Ii a fnie country. North of tho city, elegant anil tajtol'ul villas occupy the land. From tlic northern slopf of the mountain, ;i nia;^nifi- cent ])anorani:i moots the eye. For niilos o\v\ nulos, the country is highly cultivated, and the scenery is superh. The valley of the ( )lta\va river can he distitiguishcd lor a great distance. To the Soutii, the St. Lawrence is seen, and upon the opposite shore;, the level country of [iOprairie, while ranges of mountains in New York and Vermont l)ound the view in the southern and eastern directions. Monklands, the name given to the mansion house at the Mountain, where Lord Elgin lived during his residence in Montreal, is finely situated, and siUTounded hy venerable woods. Its intcrn:d arrangements are upon a scale suitable for the residence of a great Pro-consul. After visiting the spacious apartments and extensive grounds, the company were ushered into an elegant hall, where a dimier was pro- vided in a style worthy of the character of the city hy whoso authorities it was given. At this dinner eloquent speeches were made, and apiiropri- ate sentiments given. The j)lace, and the occasion, the past history and the present relations of the respective nations and races of men, who were thus assembled as friends and neighbors, afforded themes for eloquence, which were ade- quately improved. On Tuesday, after passing the morning in the agreeable duty of receiving visitors from the various commercial, pro- fessional and official ranks of society, the Delegation, in company with the Mayor of Montreal, and a number of his associates in the City Government, visited several places of note in the city. The Catholic Cathedral was first examined, and the long journey to its tower performed. The top of the tower is 220 feet (the height of the Bunker Hill Monu- ment) above the level of the street. A magnificent view of the city and its suburbs is obtained at that great elevation, and although the ascent is a laborious one, the visitor is amply repaid for his fatigue, by the extent, variety and beauty of the panorama which meets his eye. I I 4 Through tin; ngency of their imniicipfil gtiidt's, tlm purty visitod tlirt'i; nl' the principal mimicries in the cily, aiul tlio nioins ol* the IJank of Montreal, in wiiieh last they were re- ceiv(;d with Lreat attention by the Hon. I'cter McGill, the President of the institution. On the cvoniiii,' of Tuesday, the 10th of Aui,nKst, Iho (/Otnmiltec !eft IMoutreal on board a fine steamer, in order to make a short visit to Ciuebee — one of the oldest eitics of North Ameriea, and one which abounds in historical associa- tions of the most interesting character. Soon after their arrival on the following morning, they were visited by Or. Sewell, th(! acting INIayor, and th,(;i)nnt'(;tin;^ tlio Caimdas with .Massat'hurfetts,an(l tht- ;;r»'ab Lakes with tiic Ocean, and the coninienccuRMit of a Hue of steam vessels hetwecn the capital of New En;^lan(l and Liverpool. These form an epoch in tiio history of lcssing3 we enjoy arc owni>.% mainly, to the constitution under Avhich we live ; and that iioAvlicro c^sc is tliere a firmer determination to be faithful to the constitution. And this l)cautiful city l)eforc us, is, we all feel, in- debted, for whatever makes it most deliixhtful to look upon, to the intelligence and to the patriotism of its citizens, and to their faitli- ful maintenance of law and order. It was with great reluctance, and solely on account of my public duties, that I felt ol)liged at first to decline the invitation I re- ceived to visit Boston on this occasion. To my great satisfaction, however, I have since found it not inconsistent with p\iblic duty to accept that invitation, and the pleas\i.re is greatly enhanced by meeting my follow citizens of Fall River here to-day ; and noAV, feeling grateful. Gentlemen, for the kind invitation extended to me by you on behalf of the State, I proceed to accept with pleas- ure the ])roifered hospitalities of your metropolis. Permit me, (xentlemen, for myself and in behalf of those asso- ciated with me iu the government, to thank you for the cordial and courteous greeting you have given us. At the conclusion of the President's reply, he, M'ith his Suite, was conducted by the Committee to a very handsomely decorated car provided for his reception by the Railroad Com- pany, and in a few minutes the train was on its way to Dorchester. At Bridge water and other stations the President was repeatedly cheered by the crowds who had gathered to greet his arrival. At about half-past ten o'clock, the train, drawn by the large locomotive " Hingham," which was decorated with flags and evergreens, reached the Harrison Square Sta- tion-house in Dorchester, where an immense multitude, on loot, on horseback, and in carriages, were w^iiting its approach. On aligliting from the car, the President was warmly Avel- comcd by the Hon. Marshall P. Wilder, Chairman of the Selectmen of the town, in behalf of its inhabitiiuts. Mr. Wilder addressed him as follows : — Mr. pRi:rj;?ii)ENT, — In the name, and in beliulx', oi the citizens of lloxburv, I have the honor to tender to you a most hearty welcome to tlieir city. I congratidate you orj your li.)rtunato selection of tliis opportu- nity to visit tlie metronohs uf New England — to Joii in the coiu- memoratic:i of the triumph i<[ science and art over the obstacles of nature— 3 witness the iiiighty achievements of huinau indiis- tvy, guided by intelligence, in levelling uiountains, bridging seas, and thercbj' uniting nations in the closest bonds of interest and aifection. We make no attempt to vie vrith our sister city in an ostenta- tious dis]ilay ; v,-e make no military parade ; we present no sfienes of historic interest for your inspection; but, ISir, we receive you with joy, and feel honored liy your presence. To these Avords of Aveloome and congratulation, the Presi- dent returned the followii:g reply : Mr. Mayor, — Permit me to return to yo;i. and, through you, to the authorities and the people of lioxbnry, my profound acknowledgemeius for this conhal reception. 1 e;umot doubv its sincerity, r hta 1 see vour streets lined v.itli citizens and strewn with iiowers, and meet the bright eyes of woman beaming kindly on me from every (piarter. f regret that the time is so brief that I cannot refer to the many interesting associations connected with the bistoiy of Rox- bury. In reference, howevei-, Sir, to yeur comiiarison of this ci*^y to yo\ir great neighbor, liosMu, I may say, that, although you do not cipial h'}r in popidation, \et for beaiUy of scenery your city can hardly be sur};assed ; ior miles my eyes have been de- lighted with the elegance of yoii" country seats. ])Ui especially hi'.ve L been delighted Avith I'l ■ sight of the many iuipiiy youthful i 4 ■•^^■t 3 . no iitc, bolii 'itli Ijan- ,css A'ith is street, s 1 halt, the Dor- dcut and •, ;\layor IbUows : y, I have •ii- city. « ()])|)ortu- tlic corn- obstacles lan iiuhis- iuhrul faces that remind mo of your common schools, those mirsoric? of intolIi,L,'ence and virtue. 'i'ennit me a,'j;aiu, Sir, to tlianlc V')n, for myself and in behalf of my associates, for your kind and C'l.'dial rece[)ti()n. The coiamn, now strengthened by the addition of a fine cavalcade of about three hunched of the citizens of Ro\bury» proceeded to the Boston line amidst the most enthusiastic demonstrations of joy. Guns were fired, the bells rang loudly ana merrily, and the air was rent with shouts of wel- come to the President. On the Xcck, at a short distance fron the Line, and await- ing the arrival of the President, wee ihe Mayor of Boston* the Committee of Reception, and the guests of the city, at- tended by mounted ]\Tarslials, as Ibllows : Chief Marshal — ^lajor General John S. Tyler. Aids — ]\Iajor John C. Park, Jo!. Frederick W. Lincoln, Major Joel Scott, Major C. H. Applet0!i, Blajor Lewis W. Tappan, Wil- liam H. Foster, Esq., Col. Enoch Train, Col. John L. Dim- mock; B. E. Bates, Peter Butler, Jr., Ives G. Bates, Edward F. Hrd, John D, W. Joy, Charles T. Savage, F. Lyman, Henry C. Lord, Pliny E. Kingman, J. Ji. Wheelock, E. Train, Jr., r. W. Pierce, D. W. Childs, Fiederick A. Allen, Farnham Plunmier, Stephen Rhoades, IJ. F. Blodgett, G. F. Train, Albert Bowker, Charles F. Louiicc, Beza Ijincoln, Granville Mears, J. ^I. Wightman, F. \Y. Lincoln, Jr., T. H. Leavitt, John P. Ober, Jr., J. B. Richardson, F. L. "W inship, Charles E. Wiggin, W. H. Learnard, Jr., Alpheus Hardy, G. F. Wood- man, F. G. Whiston, (ieorge Wheelwright, J. Russell Brad- ford, G. .V. Batchelder, 31. Field Fowler, H. W. Gushing, and H. Ii. Richardson. At the same place, also, and drawn up in line, were the troops detailed L'_, the Commander-in-Chief as an escort of honor to the President of the United States, and under the orders of Major General Edmands, from whose command the escort of liancers had been detailed to receive the President at Dorchester. i! I k GO DlVISIUiN OF MASSACHUSKTTS VOL. MILITIA, Commaiulcd by Mi\'\. Gen. li. F. Kdmands. Lieut. Col. Francis Boyd, Division Inspector. ]\Iaj. Benjamin C. Howard, Division C^uarter Master. Ma}. Charles G. King and Maj. John L. Plummer, Aides-de-Camp. The Division was composed of the following lirigades : — IIKST ]{RI(IADE, Commanded by Brig. Gen. Sajiuei. Andkews. Maj. P. Stearns Davis, Brigade Inspector. Capt. Daniel Sharp, Jun., Brigado tinarter Master. Capt. Henry C. Brooks, Aid-de-Camp. William Baker, Jui.'., Acting Aid-de-Camp. The first Brigade was composed of a corps of Cavalry, the Na- tional Lancers, the 5th Regiment of Artillery, and the 1st Regiment of Light Infantry FIFTH REGIMENT OF ARTILLERY, Commanded by Col. RoBicnT Cowdin. Lieut. Col. Henry "W. Usher. Maj. Caleb Page. Lieut. Frederick A. Heath, Quarter Master. Dr. Charles E. Buckingham, Surgeon's Mate. Boston Artillery, Company A, Capt. Thomas H. Evans. Columbian " " B, " Elijah Thompson. Washington " « C, " William W. P>ullock. Roxbury " '• D, '= Moses II. Webber. FIRST REGIMENT OF LIGHT INFANTRY, Commanded by Col. Chakles L. IIolbrook. Lieut. Col. John C. Boyd. Maj. James A. Abbott. Lieut. Thomas E. Chickering, Adjutant. " T. Lewis Robinson, Quarter Master. Boston Light Infantry, Company A, Capt. Ossian D. Ashley. New England Guards, " Pulaski Guards, " Boston Light Guard, " City Guards, « Boston Fusileers, " Washington Light Guard, " Winthrop Guard, " B, " Josiah P. Bradlee. C, « Albert J. Wright. D, " George Clark, Jun. E, 1st Lt. David Pulsifer, Com'g. F, Capt. AVilliam Mitchell. G, " Thomas Savory. H, " William C. Cassell. 61 Norfolk Guard, Mass. Volunteers, Warren Infantry, National Lancers, Company I, Capt. Abijah S. Mcrriani. «' L, " Jeronuah IJ. Moore. " 31, 1st Lt. Kolt't C. Xi.liols, Com'g. Ca[)t. Thonms S. I'ierce. A IJUKIADE, Commantled by Brig. Gen. .I(j3i:rn An'okkwh. Maj. D. Goodwin Lang, Urigade Inspector. Capt. Francis AV. Uigelow, Brigade (Quarter Master. Capt. .J. G. Chase, Aid-de-Canip. Lieut. .lolin G. Willis, and Nehemiah Brown, Jun., Acting Aides-de-Camp. This Brigade was constituted for tha occasion, and embraced two Regiments of Light Infantry and tt Battalion of Rifles. A REGIMENT OF LIGHT INFANTRY, Commanded by Col. J. Durkll Gukkxe. Lieut. Col. Horace Williams. Maj. Edmund A. Parker. Lieut. N. A. M. Dudley, Adjutant. " Samuel J. Ladd, (Quarter Master. Lieut. Josiah Porter, Paymaster. Dr. Henry B. C. Greene, Surgeon. Villiam A. Allen, Quarter Master Sergeant. LIGHT INFANTRY. Comp. C, 4th Regt. (Cambridge City Guards) Capt. Geo. A. ^NEeacham. Geo. P. Sanger. Wni. T (Jn'/nmar. T)' - '. /armer. .M L. Lesure. "W. E. Faulkner. Edward Lamb. John M. Goodhue. t( D, " (t G, « (t C, .Oth, « D, " « E, " « B, 8th (( C, " (Charlestown City Guard) (Woburn Phalanx) (Lowell Phalanx) (Lowell City Guards) (Acton Davis Guards) (Worcester Light Inf.) (Worcester City Guards) A REGIMENT OF LIGHT INFANTRY Commanded by Col. Nathan P. Colburn. Lieut. Col. Thomas A. Parsons. Maj. Solon Dike, Lieut. Henry Merritt, Adjutant. " George O. Carjjentcr, Quarter Master. " AVilliam II. P. Wright, Paymaster. Dr. .ToRinli NororoPS, Siirseon. no Siilnm Lijrlit Infiiiifiy, Comp. A, Oih Lt. Inf., Cnpt. Wm. C. Endifott. Siilcm !M«'c. Lt. Iiil". JMiu-Mc'licail '• '• l',evt'rly " " ■\Viiiolu,'s(cr, " " StoiK.'Iiain, " " * r-!i\vn;iict! " " ]i, " '« « '■ Iknj. U. Wliitc. C, " " " " Jos. (Ircr^ory. K, '• '• '• '• .Jos. W. llihlrdh. A, 7lli, " '• " Frcil. (). rriiuM!. T> ^mnn Dik •' Jorf. ^I. Dod^'t!. DATTALIOX 01-' niFLIlS, Conunaiuled hy IMiijor Willia.h Saundkus. Jesse IJ. Edwanl.*, Adjutant. jMecli. IJiileuu'ii, (annexed to 1st Lt. Inf. Kcg't.,) Capt. S. CI. Adams. Marlborough Uillf, " olii " " '• " Daniel Popcj. rOR SALUTi; DUTY ON ITtH nF SEl'Tl'.MIiKU. Fall Klvcr Artillery, Corn. B, 4th Artillery, Capt. John li. Sandford. Churl' .lowu " " 1), 1st " " Ezra G. Huntley. The troops were accompanied ' y lunnerons and well ap- pointed hands, including all those belonging to the city, and a large number iVom other places. The Mayor and his Suite wore drawn up on the east side of Washington street, while the west was occupied l)y the long line of troo])s comjiosing the escort. The scene which was presented to the eye, at the moment (12 o'clock), when a discharge of artillery announced that the President had reached the line, Avas singularly beautiful and imposing, and perhaps in no part of the City could a spot have been selected, so well adapted, as that, to give effect to the ceremony v/hicli was about to be performed. Com- mencing at the line, a broad avenue, lined on either side by a row of noble elms, stretches down towards the heart of the City, in which direction, the view from a gentle elevation in the avenue near the line, is unbrolcen for more than half a mile, when a graceful curve terminates the vista. * Company B, of tlic 5tli Kc^nment of Lijilit IiifiiiUry, " tlic Pepperell Lij^ht Infantry," was icpicsuntcd hy its Captain, Gcorfre Tliomas Bancroft, its 1st Lieu- tenant and Orilorly Sor;,'(?ant. Tlic privutcs did not receive notice of tiie " Order" ill sfiwr.n to appi'i'ir. I p,. 63 , Kntlioott. ,. Wliitc. "rory. lliMn'tli. ). I'riiico, Dikii. G. Adiim.". .iiicl FopfJ. . SiuKlt'ord. ;. Uuntley. I well ap- city, and cast side od by the Q moment need that l)eantifnl )nld a spot c ellect to li. Com- r side by art of the ovation in an hair a jipereU Li<;l)t its 1st Lien- tho "Order" 4 Strctchiiip: across from troo to trco or from honso to honso, uMy linos of li;i'js were lioatiii^' in thu brcc/.c, while tlicanipir si(iforth and invited her Commerce ; and she is noAv pouring her tribute into your lap. M;iy you and those associated Avith you long live to enjoy this ri(!h blessing. Y'ou liave taught your sister States that although you do not possess the power of invit- ing conunerce by canals, you can yet stretch forth your iron arms, reach the remotest cities of the Union, and bring hither their wealth and their productions. Sir, it does not become me to express for them the emotions of those who accompany me. They can speak for themselves far lictter than I can speak for them. I'ermit me, however, in con- clusion, to say that I receive this testimony of respect from the City of Boston and the State of ^Massachusetts not so nuich as a testimony of respect to myself, as an evidence of their devotion to our I'niou and to our glorious Constitution, and of their deter- mination to maintain them, [Loud and prolonged cheers.] logislat 113 olcone vitliout incnt I ct with nd aro ith mc. iiistih;- iu tlio tared to tlirouf^h ultitiide jre pre- munity, treason -to cxe- provc of ;upy the he faces it so far is con- after be tatc has it works aUroads pouring ted -with ht your of invit- 3ur iron 5 hither otions of Ives far in con- froni the ucli as a devotion ir deter- ] As soon as the Picsident had conchided his remarks, Mr. Webstci was presented to the Governor by IJenjaniin Stevens, Es(|., Serj^eaiit-at-Arms. He wf s greeted with yreat cheering by the audic^-e, and spoke at, lollows: May it rLEA>!i' your Excellency, — Thi.^ ocoasiou is not mine. Its honors or its duties ai*c not duo to, or from me. The State, the great State, the old State, the okl patriotic jhmker Hill and Fancuil Hall State of Massachusetts, lias invited the President of the United States. within her borders. To your honored ncrson, and to your lionored office, may it please your Excellency, tiis visit is paid. Nevertheless, I am a r '1 deal touched by your Excellency's allusion to me and to the ku \t\i of my public service. As I have said. Sir, the occasion belongs to the Preside il, nd to those of his Cabinet who arc strangers. Thank God, .x,a . j stranger here. [Applause.] I am of Massachusetts— hon of her bone, and flesh of her flesh, [cheers] and I would r ^her le- joico in taking a jtart Avith you, may it please your Excel :ucy, as the Governor of the State, and my fellow citizens who surround you, in paying honor to tho President of the United States, than in acting any part, or in demanding any part, toward myself [Cheers.] And, may it please your Excellency, I wish, in the first place, to say that, from the bottom of my heart, I wish entire success to your administration of the great affairs of this State. Into whose- soever hands these affairs may fall, if they are fairly and impar- tially administered, those hands shall have my hand in their suji- port and maintenance. [Applause.] In the next place, I wish to say that I devoutly wish that the great interests of the Commonwealth may prosper. Our interests are various. They arc complex. We have a million of jjeople living on a very small surface — on a sterile soil, and beneath an inclement sky ; and yet we are full of hajipiness, and all arc, as we say in the country, " well-to-do in the world, and enjoying neighbor's fare." [Cheers.] Now, that must be owing to wise legislation. It must bo owing to great economy and prudence among the people. It nnist be owing to a system of education. It must be owing to something that is not in the earth, nor in the sky, but in the soul and heart of man, woman and child. [Re- newed cheers.] And these, I hope, will prosper. I not only hope that every local concern of this great Common- Awalth, under your administration, and those of your successors, may prosper, but above all, above all, a sentiment I can never re- press, and hardly postpone, my ardent prayer is, that this whole JO ■ ii\^' u country, bound tdjretlicr as it i,^ by tics of iiitcr'st, of atfiuity, of iissociiitidu, may t'oiitiimo to be .so bound torovcr. Thuso tics can never be liroken until tiiat tbin;:; sliail bap|ien, wbicli 1 tr\ist will never liappen, juider (lod's ])lesain^, luitil tlio Constitution of tbe country sliall prove a curdo to it. [l'rolon;^cd ai)plausc.] Never 1 Xeccr ! XkveuI Why, what is it that supports all these interests ? What is it 'i Here is a mass of commerce. Who protects it? Here is a vast interest in manufactures. What ])rotects it 't Here is a coasting trade ruiniiii'j; from Xewburypurt round to Calitornia. Who pro- tects it 't ^Vllat laws 'i AVbat 'jjovcrnmcnt ? In short, wherever we turn our ayi^'^, we see that this State is not only an a;^ricultu- ral State, but a conmiercial State, a manufacturing State, a State mixed up with ail the interests tliat belong to society ; and be- yond all these visible and demonstrable interests, there arc a vast many Yankee notions besides ; Avitli all these we live under the laws of the general government, and should perish if those laws ■\vero abrogated. [A))i)lause.] Sir, you have alluded to the period in which I have passed some part of my life in the administration of tlio atfairs of the country. 'J'hc years of human life weai' a^say. Sir. I shall ])er- form such services for no sucli other length of time. But with every increasing year, and day, and Iiour, the more 1 contemplate the history of this country, the great destiny of this country, the more I see it and behold it, as stretching from sea to sea, and from the rivers to the ends of the earth, the more I see it exhibit the American geniiis at home and abroad, tlie more 1 see what exhibitions of skill have ast(jni.slicd Kuropo in this our day, and in this our sunuuer, the more I am surprised and gratiiied. W by, Sir, the bitterest, ablest, and most anti- American press in all Eu- rope, within a fortnight, has .stated that, "in every thing valuable, in every thing that is for human imi)rovement, exhibited at the World's Fair, the United States go so far ahead of every body else as to leave nobody else in sight." It is like the position of Jove among the gods. Jove is first and there is none second. And in another paper, of much influence in the jouncils of Great Britain, the editor says, "The time is coming" (ho might almost have said, '• and now is,") "' when America shall command the ocean, and both oceans, and all oceans." This results partly from the skill of individuals, partly from the untirhig ingenuity of the people, and partly from those great events which have given us the ocean of one world on one side, and the ocean of the other Avorld on the other. They appear to have filled the minds of men with astonishment. It has brouglit to my mind an incident in the life of an eminent Bostouian, not now hving, Mr. John Lowell. lie y>Sii an ardent admirer of tlic achicvemcutd of the American /.) Xavv, and porfoctly cntlinlaiise.] May 1'. jiicase yoin- Excellency, I hope that all health, happi- ness and ])rosperity will attend yon licnccibrward through life. [Knthusiastic cheers.] Tho Hon. C. T. Russell then proseutcJ to the Governor tho lion. Alexander H. TI. Stuart, the Secretary of tlio Interior, who was warmly received, and made the following remarks : .AIay it ple.ase your ExCELLKXrV. — The very complimentary manner in which you have been pleased to allude to my friend on my left (Mr. Conrad) and myself, seems to demand at our hands a word of response and of thanks. I tender to you. Sir, my most cordial acknowledgments for the wel- come you have given us. This, Sir, is the Urst time that my foot has ever rested on the soil of New England. [Hear, hear.] But I trust, Sir, it will not be the last. [Applause.] I have seen to-day many things to admire, and which have afforded me instruction. I have seen the network of railroads to Avhich you have alUided, which are new penetrating to tho re- motest parts of our country. I have seen, as 1 traversed yoiu* territory, the hardy yeomanry of your Commonwealth. And iicre. Sir, permit mo to say that, in all my travels throughout this wide confederacy, I have never yet seen the same evidences of intelligence, of industry, of prosperity, and of every thing that renders the condition of man deliirhtful in this life. [Applause.] I have seen bands of children lining our way for miles, who had come from your glorious common schools to tender their wel- come to the President of the United States. [Cliecrs.] I felt, Sir, that it Avas well that they should Ijo there. 1 felt that they would learn lessons of national patriotism, and have them deeply implanted in their hearts, [lienewcd cheers.] I felt that the very iact that they looked npon — not tlie Chief Magistrate of ^Nlassa- chusetts, — but, tho Chief Magistrate of this broad confedcr- ney, extending a'^ross this wide conthient, would tench tb.eni to 7C ra'iso their eyes ahove tlio horizon of Ma>nii. [Applause*.] Sir, it is true that I never l)efore stood upon tho soil of Massachusetts ! ]}ut. Sir, can Virj^itiia ))0 a stran^^er to Massachusetts 't [Knthu- HJastic applause.] ^'o. Sir! I ieel that, as a Virj^inian, as a son of that glorious old Coir.monwoalth which stood side hy side with Massachusetts in tho darkest hour of the Uovolution, 1 am no stranger within her horders. [Loud cheers.] Sir, when 1 saw the evidences, to which 1 have alluded, of your prosperity and of your advancement in every thing that promotes national hajipiness, 1 felt not one sentiment of envy. No, Sir! I felt that while all these things helonged to ^lassaehnsctts, they belonged also to the I'uion — they beln;.o'd iijijilause. ) The Hon. CiiAm.KH M. Conkad, tho Secretary of War, was then presented to His Excellency, hy J. T. St(!venson, Esi|., and spoke as follows : — Mr. GovERXor, : — Althon^^h the remarks of my friends and fellow-lahrtrcrs, wlio iiave just addressed you, nii;:lit seem to nmdor it supeHluous, I cannot, nevertheless, resist the temptation to offer also the fechlo expression of my thanks and my acknowledgements for the cor- dial ^^reetin;^ which I have received from you, and from the citi- zens of the State of which you are the or^^an, from the moment wc entered its horders. 1 need not assm'e ycmr ivvcolh'ncy, that 1 have not the vanity to impute this warm, and, 1 minlit almost say, this enthusiastic jircotin/j; at your hands, to any jicrsonal merits of my own. Associated, as I am, in the Cahinet with men far ahler and far older than myself, havinj^ at its head yonr illus- trious lellow-citizen, [turnin;:; towards the lion. Daniel Wehster,] a man who combines the logic of Aristotle with the cloipicncc of Tally, 1 feel that, while I am ready to take my full share of all the responsibility that may attach to the station which I have the honor to occujjy, I can claim hut a very small portion of uny merit that may belong to it. Ikit, Sir, 1 view these manifestations simply as demonstrations of respect for the office which I have the honor to hold. Viewed in that light, viewed as indications of the attachment of the people of this great Commonwealth to the Union, and to the institutions of the country, I assure you most sincerely that they arc far, very far nioro gratifying to me than viewed as manifestations of any })ersonal regard to myself, however pleasing that might be. [Ajtplause.] Mr. (jrovernor, — My friend who has just addressed you, dis- claimed for himself the title of a " stranger." I think I may with equal right disclaim that title. [Applause.] I have not, it is true, the lion of coming from a State, which, like A'irgiiiia, has been a partner vith Massachusetts in the })erils and dangers of the Revolution. But, Sir, I come from a State, which counts, among her best a, id most virtuous and enlightened citizens, many who came from both of those States. I think, Sir, that a citizen of New Orleans may well claim some acquaintance with the citi- zens of Boston. Connected, as wc are, by ties, not only of common kindred, but by the social intercourse and commercial relatiotiS that bind us daily more and more closely together, I cannot fo< !, when I tread the soil of Boston, that I am on the soil of a foreigni 'I I 78 land. [Cliccrs.] Neitlior is this my first visit to jour City or to your State. I liavo heretofore, on one or two occasions, as a ]>nvato individual, enjoyed tlic hospitahtics of your citizens: and I assure you that every visit, that l make to your State and to its beautiful capital, is a source of new pleasure and satisfaction. At every new visit that I make to both, 1 jierceive new evidences of that industry, that enterprise, that pul)lic spirit and that philan- thropy, -which may be said to be their prominent characteristics, and, I am happy to add, new indications of their continued and incrcasin,ii; jirosperity. I need not say to the citizens of ^Massachusetts, and above all, I\Ir. (lovcrnor, I need not say to you, and to the enlightened audi- ence which I now have the honor to address, bow much of this ])rospcrity is due to the preservation of that Union which the Com- monwealth of ^Massachusetts contributed so powerfully to establish, and which I am sure she Avill also, at all times, be ready, as pow- erfully to assist in maintaininu:. [Applause.] All that I can now do, ]\Ir. Governor, is to express, as 1 do, the sincere Avish that this ] )rosperi ty may continue as Jong as the Union continues, and that both may be perpetual. [Aj^plause.] \s soon as Mr. Conrad had concluded, the Hon. C. T. Rus- sell announced that, in consequence of the proposed review of the military upon the Common, the President would be obliged to forego the pleasure of a personal introduction to the assembly. The ceremony of reception at the State House having thus terminated, the President, accompanied by Governor Boutwell and his Staff, consisting of Adjutant General Stone, and Lieut. (;!olonels Heard, C'lapman, Williams and Needham. and by General John S. Tyler, Chief Marshal, and the other jMarshals of the day, and escorted by the Battalion of Cadets, proceeded thence to the Common, r'^ the foot of which, on the Parade Ground, the troops were r -eady drawn up in line awaiting his arrival. As he passed down Beacon street, and through the gate at the corner of Charles street, discharges of cannon an- nounced his approach, and, in a few moments after his arrival, leaving his escort, and followed only by the Governor and Staff, ami the mounted Marshals, he appeared in front of the line, mounted upon a superb black charger, which he managed with graceful case, at the same time, as he passed along, I 79 acknowledging the hearty sahitations which burst tVoni the excited tiiousands who thickly crowned all the rising grounds that almost encircle the lield. Having reached a position nearly opposite the centre of the line, he was saluted by the General in Command, accompanied by whom and Stair, he rode along the whole front, — saluted by each regi- ment as he passed, — and returned by the rear to the same position. The line now broke into column, and, preceded by the Lancers, marched in review before the President, and after passing around the entire parade ground, formed into line again as before ; each regiment occupying the same relative position as in the procession of the morning. The President, with the Governor and Staif, now retired from the field, and was escorted to his ([uarters at the Revere House ; and the troops were dismissed, after having received the thanks of General Edmands for the manner in which they had discharged the duties of the day. Besides the President, and the Governor and Stalf, a large juimber of distinguished persons were on the field at the time of the review, many of whom, including several ollicers of the British army, were in uniform. The auchorities of the City were also present, together with several ollicers of the Army and Navy of the United States. The review, to which the beauty of the weather gave additional effect, was regarded as one of the finest military exhibitions ever witnessed in this part of the country. In fact the appearance of the troops, throughout the day, was in the highest degree creditable to them. The British ollicers expressed themselves in terms of generous admiration of our citizen soldiers, and the President said that the military dis- play was tlie finest he had ever witnessed. The festivities of the day were brought to a close by a dinner, given, at the Revere House, by the City Government, to the President and Suite and the distinguished guests, from the British Colonies, and from d liferent parts of our o\v:i coun- try. At half past eight o'clock in the evening, the comjjany took their seats at the tables in tlie main dining hull, which ll il;U 80 was tastefully decorated in honor of the occasion. The din- ner was sumptuous and elegantly served. Mr. Mfiyor Bigelow presided. Upon his right sat the Presi- dent of the United States, and on his left, the Governor of the Coinrnonwealtli. Sir Allan McNab and the other distin- guished men, civil and military, from Canada, occuj)ied seats at the central table, while the other guests, representing the two countries, were seated at the side tables. The President, in consequence of great fatigue, left the hall at an early hour, accompanied by the Mayor, at whose request, Mr. Alderman Rogers then took the Chair. His appropri- ate address, upon assuming it, was followed by others from the Hon. Francis Hincks, the Prime Minister of the Governor General of Canada, Gen. Edmands of Boston, Col. Home, the senior British officer present, the Hon. Benjamin Seaver, Sir Allan McNab, the Hon. Joseph Howe, Provincial Secretary of ?'i)va Scotia, Ex-Gov. Paine oi Vermont, John P. Putnam, Esq., of Boston, Mr. Justice Alwyn, of Canada East, Col. Ezra Lincoln, the Hon. Josiah Q,uincy,Jr., and Col. Wm. Schouler, of Boston, Gen. Leslie Coombs, of Kentucky, the Hon. Henry Wilson, and the Hon. W. B. Lawrence, Acting Governor of Rhode Island. These festivities closed, at about eleven o'clock, with nine cheers for Her Majesty, Gtueen Victoria, and nine more for the President of the United States. During the whole day, which had now so agreeably come to an end, the streets of the city were thronged with hilarious, yet well-conducted crowds, and each train of cars arriving brought large and welcome additions to the already great number of strangers within our gates. Among the new comers, was His Honor, John G. Bowes, the Mayor of Toronto, accompanied by several Aldermen, members of the Council, and others of the principal officers of that city. No accident or disorder occurrred to disturb the general harmony and joy ; the anticipations of the day were fully real- ized, and its observances left on the minds of all, who shared in or witnessed them, impressions simply delightful. ' i|(.i 81 SECOND DAY. The diiitinguishing features of the Second Day of tlie Ju- bilee Thursday, September 18, were the Excursion down the Harbor of Hoston ; the arrival and reception of Lord Elgin, the C'overnor General of British North America, and his Suite ; and the Levees given in the evening at private resi- dences and other places in honor of the distinguished guests of the City. A serene and cloudless sky continued to smile upon the festivities, while the summer blandness of the air drew forth into the streets still greater crowds than those which had constituted so striking a feature of the day preceding, and additional banners and other tasteful and showy embellish- ments lent their gaiety to the scene. The water-side, near the spot where the parties embarked on board the steamboats for the excursion down the harbor, presented a most enlivening sight. The wharves and the vessels raid tlicir rigging were covered with a dense mass of spectators. The ships were decked in their gayest apparel, and hundreds of masts, Hinging to the breeze their ensigns and streamers, gave a vivid idea of that extensive commerce whose interests are so intimately connected with the event over which all were rejoicing. The wide expanse of the harbor, with the multitudes of small craft upon its heaving bosom, the clear blue sky and the bright sun over head, giv- ing life and splendor to all, made up a ))icture which has not been surpassed in its characteristic features by anything of the kind among us. At an early hour the guests invited to the excursion began to move toward the T wharf, the place of embarkation, and Until half-past ten^ the time of starting, the avenues leading II 82 'm. in that direction were thronged. The steame-s engaged for the exenrsion were the S. S. liewis, ^which was kindly placed at the disposal of the Ci'y Government for this occa- sion by her owners,) the IJenjamin Franklin, the St. Law- rence, the Mayllower, the Naushon, and the John Taylor. To these were added the revenne cutters Hamilton and Morris. The arrival of the steamer S. S. Lewis had been anxiously looked for, for several days, and the announcement that she had come to anchor off East IJoston in the morning, and would be in readiness to jierform the ])art assigned her in the excur- sion, \vas highly gratifying to all. She arrived below in the night, having made the passage from the Delaware Break- water in forty-seven hours, running time. The i?umber of guests invited, and nearly all of whom embarked on board these several vessels, was between three and four thousand, distributed nearly as follows, viz. : In the S. S. Lewis, Capt. Cole, - - - 200 Benjamin Franklin, Capt. Sears, - - 500 St. Lawrence, Capt. Cyrus Sturtivant, - 800 Mayflower, Capt. Elijah Beal, - - 800 Naushon, Capt. II. W. Freeman, - - 500 John Taylor, 200 Morris, Capt. Walden, - - - - 150 Hamilton, Lieut. Burroughs, - - 150 These figuies indicate the number of tickets originally issued for the excursion. Before the party left the wharf, however, the number was probably swelled to 3500 or 4000. By about half-past .'en o'clock, the several boats, with the exception of the S. S. Lewis, having each received on i.>oard the guests assigned to them, moved from their moorings into the open harbor to await the arrival and embarkation of the President at East Boston, at the terminus of the Grand Junc- tion Railroad, for the formal opeiiing of which road on this day, in the presence of tl^ Chief Magistrate of the Nation, apT)ropriate pr 'parations had been made. 1)1 the meanwhile, the larger portion of the party which was to eiirbirk on board the S. S. Lewis had assembled at (( (( (< u (( (( u u (( II (( (C it li arch, 83 the ]Mayor and Aldermen's room, in the City Hall. At a quarter before ten o'clock, his Honor the Mayor, — escorted by ]Mr. City jMarshal Francis Tiikcy and his Aids, all mounted, — proceeded, in a baronche, from the City Hall to the Revere Ifouse, and there received the President and Messrs. Conrad and Stewart. Francis Brinley, Es(|., in another barouche, received the Hon. Mr. Crampton, Charge d' Affaires of Great Britain at Washington, and the Hon. Francis Hincks and tlie Hon. William Young, of Canada. Other carriages, con- taining Governor IJoutwell and Suite, Mr. ^Marshal Devens, and distinguished visitors from the Canadas, followed, and all successively proceeded to the depot of the Boston and Maine Railroad. The remainder of the party, destined for the S. S. Lewis, took carriages at the City Hall and proceeded directly to the depot, accompanied by members of the Board of Alder- men and Common Council. A train of five long cars, drawn by the engine " Essex," and handsomely decorated for the occasion, was in readiness to receive the party on its arrival. As soon as all were seated and everything ready, the word was given, and amid the cheering of the crowd the cars started for East Boston, via the Grand Junction Railroad. The train left the depot at five minutes past eleven o'clock, and arrived on the depot grounds of the company at twenty- live miiRites past eleven. Upon the entrance of the cais on the track of the new road, the j)arty was greeted l^v a grand salute, fired by the citizens of Maiden, and, whet !ie train crossed the line between Chelsea and East Bostoi wo cannons pealed forth their thunder tones in nuick succ ooion. Just upon the line across the track was erected a hat '-ome arch, decorated with evergreens and llowers, and bca ,g on the front the inscription, — Boston anu the Canadas, united by bonds of iron. And on the reverse, — " Union is Strength." At the head of the pier, upon whic>i the train stopped, was a similar arch, bearing the following inscription : Grand Junction Raii-road, Unite all. Serve all. k II III i i /■ i|r 1 5 f^ 84 And on the reverse, — Liverpool, Boston, and the Canadas. TIk^ arclics were got up in good taste, and added greatly to the still life of tlie picture. As the train reached the pier, — the terminus of the road, — a national salute was fired from the wharf of the Cunard Steamship Company. From the cars the party proceeded to the new ferry-boat of the Eastern Railroad Company, on the deck of which was stationed the Boston Brass Band, playing the time, " Hail Columbia," and, amidst the roar of artillery and the cheers of the rejoicing multitudes lining not only tlie wharves, on the East Boston side, but all the wharves and the shippmg in Boston proper from which a view of the en- livening scene could be obtained, the President and those who accompanied him, were conveyed on board the S. S. Lewis, which, bearing the English Hag at her fore, and the Union Jack at her mast-head, and with the Stars and Stripes floating from her mizon, v/as impatiently riding at anchor in the stream. The party was soon transferred to her decks, the anchor was hove up, and the noble ship moved majestically down the harbor, preceded by the cutters " Hamilton " and " Morris " as her e<^cort, and followed by the Benjamin Franklin, the St. Lawrence, and the other boats in succession. As the cutters, towed, one on each side, by the John Tay- lor, passed by the President's ship to take their places in the van, they fired a national salute of twenty-one guns. And now the whole pageant was moving gracefully and gaily down the animi,ted harbor, whose waters, hardly rufHed by the soft air, were gli(<^uring in the sn>., and on either shore the thousands of deligl '.ed spectators were giving vent to their enthusiasm in oft repeated cheers which, miiigled with the gladsome roar of artillery, added the last and perhaps not the least effective element to the sympathetic enthusiasm of the hour. The President was accompanied on board the steamer by the gentlemen who came with him from Washinston. Gov- a : I 85 ernor Routwell was attended by his Aids, Lt. Cols. Cliapman, Williams and Necdliam, and also by Adjutant (ieneral Stone. The Mayor did not go on board the ship, but returned to the city proper, to be in readiness to attend to other crticsts who were expected in the course of the day. Among the other distinguished stranaers on board the S. S. Lewif, were the Hon. Mr. Crampton, the Hon. Francis Hincks, the Hon. Joseph Howe, the Hon. William ^'onng, Speaker of the House of Assembly of jNova Scotia; (Jol. Gugy, of Montreal, a member of the Provincial Parliament ; Col. Home, Capt. Nye, 20th Reg., Capt. Stevens, R. N., Lieut. TJutler and Mr. Parkinson, of the 20th Regiment, R. vV. ; Capt. Keene and Lieut. Noble, from Toronto, of the Royal Corps of Engineers; Capt. Sweedenham, and Mr. Thompson, of the 54th Regiment ; and Mr. ILighes, of the Quartermas- ter's Department, from U-uebec. Commodore Downus, the commanding otliccr at the Oharlestown Navy Yard, the venerable Capt. Pe..;u; i, of the U. S. Navy, Capt. Tucker, of the U. S. Army, the Hon. Amasa Walker, Secretary of the Commonwealth ; the Hon. John H. Clillbrd, Attorney General ; ex-Lientenant-Governor Reed ; Lieutenant Governor Cushman — all the Governor's Council but one ; Richard Frothingham, Jr. Esq., the Mayor of Charlestown ; Judge Pheljos, of Vermont, ex-Senator of the United States ; many members of the Senate and House of Representatives of Massiichusetts : members of the City Government, and persons occupying various official sta- tions, were also of the President's party, particijiating in, and contributing to the enjoyment of the occasion. Among the guests on board the propflJ-r Benjamin Frank- lin were the Hon. N. F. Belleau, Mayor of the cif v of Uiicbro, Messrs. Councillors Paradis, Lepper, Dorval and Lampson, the Sheriii', W. S. SeweU, Esq., and the Clerk of that city, F. .V. Garneau, Es([., Capt. Alleyiic, o( the Royal Navy, jlessrs. Dunn, Pemberton, and Patterson, eminent merchants, and Joseph Hamel, Esq., Surveyor, oi' the same city; (he Hon. Messrs. Scott, Robinson and Holmes, of the Provincial l*ar- liament. and the Hon. Judge Mondelet, aiul Messrs. Larkin, 86 It ■ k Molsoii, uiul Townsend, of .Montronl. Tlio Authorities of the Coniiiioiiweallh and of the City of nostoii were represented by the lion. Henry Wilson, the Hon. Charles Hudson, Sur- veyor of the Port, and Col. Ezra Ijincoln and I3enjaniin Beat, l']s(|., of the City Council. The Hon. Isaac liivermore, of Cambridge ; the Rev, Dr. IJeecher, and his son, the Rev. Edward Heecher ; the Hon. Leslie Coombs, of Kentucky; the Hon. iMr. Clark, member of Congress, from New York, and many other distinguished gentlemen, were also present. On board the St. Lawrence were John G. Bowes, \']s([., Mayor of Toronto, Dr. Nelson, of Montreal, and many other Canadian gentlemen, whose names camiot now be ascer- tained ; Daniel N. Haskell, Esq., of the City Council, several members of the School Board, and other distinguished citi- zens and stranger^i. Among the guests and persons of distinction on board the Maytlower, were Sir A^Uan N. McNab, the Hon. R. Matheson, of J'erth, Canada West ; the Rev. J. Jenkins, of Montreal ; J. J. Burrowes, Es([., of Kingston ; E. P. Campbell, Es(|., of Argyleshire, Scotland ; John Counter, Esq., ex- Mayor of Kingston: Capt. Gildersleeve, Charles Hales, Esq., and An- thony Drummond, Esq., Agent of the Montreal Bank, of Kingston ; and ]Mr. George Debarats, of Montreal, Q,ueen's Printer. From St. Catharine, Canada West, Rev. R. Shank- lin, Thomas Colton, Estj., George Kent, Es(p, Mr. Tliomas Burns, Messrs. Thonns R. and William H. Merritt, Mr. Wil- liam A. Chisholm, and Mr. Andrew Horton. From Toronto — (ieorge A. Philpotts, Esq., George B. Wells, Esq., and George Beatty, Es(i., of the Council. From Hamilton — Messrs. John O. Hatt, Thomas Davidson, E. B. Freeman, and E. W. Brown ; and the Hon. J, C. Park, of this city ; Col. J. D. (jireenc, and Staff, of the 4th Regiment, Massachusetts Infan- try ; Lt. Col. Boyd, of the 1st, and Lt. Col. Abbott, of the third. The staunch little steamer Naushon had on board her full share of distinguished guests, whose names, however, have not been reported. The parties on board the cutters Morris and Hamilton, and 87 s of the eseiited ill, Sur- cnjaniin ermoro, he Rev. ntucky ; *v York, iresent. IS, J'iS(l., ly other e ascer- , several led citi- oard the ^athesoii, [ontreal ; Es(i., of lay or of and An- Jauk, of Q,ueen's Shank- Tlionias Mr. Wil- orouto — (ieorge srs. John E. W. ol. J. 1). ts Iiil'aii- t, of the full lier er, have hull, and tiie steamer Jolin Taylor, which, as the vessels were united together, formed in reality but one, ineluded a large number of guests from Halifax, Montreal, Toronto, and other places in Canada, and from New York and l^hiladelphia. Among them were Mr. Sherilf Boston, of Montreal, ]Mr. U. VV (iilki- siin, of IJrantford, Ca. ; Col. Crittenden, of the U. K. Army; Judge Rice, of the District of Augusta, Me. ; Col. Cowdin,of the Regiment of Artillery ; Lieut, lledden, of tlie New York City Guards; and Col. N. A. Thompson, and Lieuts. Pulsifer and French, of the Boston City Guards. As the llotiila moved slowly down the harbor, the attention of all on board was attracted by the various objects of inter- est with which it abounds. On jjassing Fort Independence, the party on board the S. S. Lewis was greeted with a national salute. It had been the original intention to carry the President as far as Minot's Ledge, in order to give him an op[)ortunity to witness the scene of the late melancholy disaster ; but owing to his other engagements, it became necessary to return at an earlier hour, and at a short distance this side of the lower Light the Lewis put about to return. At this moment the other steamers, crowded with passengers, passed close by her, dipped their ensigns, and saluted the President with loud and repeated cheers, Avhich were returned with e(|ual heartiness from the Lewis, and all then came up the harbor. During the excursion, the President, accompanied by Capt. Cole, inspected every part of the Lewis, and expressed his admiration of the numerous improvements which have been introduced into this model of a vessel. Every one on board was struck with the facility and steadiness with which she moved tlu'ough the water. It is worthy of comment, and of the highest praise, con- sidering the few hours her officers and agents had had for preparation, that every thir.g belonging to her was in such admirable order, and that all the arrangements for the fete were so complete and satisfactory. As she drew near the city, the company were invited to partake of an elegant banquet which had been spread in the f 1^ SI -1 -i 68 spacious cabin. Pnuicis Brinley, J'!s(|. presided, in the al>- sence of tlio Mayor, and announced the Ibllownig toa&i, which was n-ceived with onthiisiasin : '• The President of tlie United States." As it was understood that tjiere were to bo no speeches f)n the occasion, the President only bowed in acknowledgment of* t!ie cheers given by the company. The Hon. J. H. Olilford, Attorney (rcneral, then gave, — " Jler Majesty, the (-luceii." Benjamin T. llccd, Es([,, proposed the health of — "His Excellency, the Governor of the Commonwealth." The Hon. George liunt, United States District Attorney, proposed, " Tlie members of the Cabinet accompanying the President." Each toast was received with three liearty cheers. Immediately after dinner, the President and Suite landed at the Navy Yard, accompanied by Connnodore Downes, and were received with a national salute from the heavy battery of the yard. The corps of Marines, under Capt. Pope, were drawn up to receive him, and presented arms as he passed. The President and the guests, who left the Lewis at Charlestown, then entered the carriages in attendance, and, after being driven round Bunker Hill Monument Si^uare, proceeded to Boston, and alighted at the Revere House.* Entertainments had been also provided for the companies on board the other boats, to which ample justice was done. The crowd on board the Benjamin Franklin was so great that anything in the way of ceremony was impossible, but still every one appeared to be greatly pleased with the trip. In the cabin of the St. Lawrence a long and well furnished table was spread, to which the strangers were first invited, as the number on board was far too large to be accommodated at once. After the company had again assembled on deck, addresses were made by Mr, jMayor Bowes, of Toronto, Dr. * After the President left them, tlic company on l>ortr(l the S. S. Lewis aj^^ain sut dov. ii at the dinner tal)lo, under tlic auspices of H. J. Gardner, Esq., of the Council, and made and heard several very eloquent and agreeable speeches, of which it ia much rej;rctted that no rcpoit ha? been preserved. 89 he al>- toasl, ;lies on JgniLMit vc, illh." Ltornuy, sident."' ludod at les, and ittery of e drawn 1. Tlio estown, r being eded to mpanies as done, eat that 3Ut still 1. irnished vited,as nodated )n deck, nto, Dr. Is iv^am sat ;ie Council, which it 13 Nelson, of Canada, and Danii'l \. Haskell, Ks(|., ot' the City Council, the last of whom, at ♦' »ncliisi()ii o\' his remarks, iiitnulnecd Samuel \. Walker, Jisq., to the company. Mr. Walker made a lunnoroiis and diverting speech, and sau!^ an amusing song, in which ho ingeniously introduced the names of the Mayor and Aldermen and nifnihers of the Common C>iinicil. On landing at the wliarl', the citizens lormed them- selves into a procession, and escorted their guests to Court square, where, after three hearty cheers, the party separated. Several happy speeches were made, and i)atriotic senti- ments oll'ered, on hoard the steamer Mayllower, and the les- tivities were eidivened by the music of McDonald's fine Cornet Band. On the return of the party, the New Eng- liuiders escorted the Canadians to their hotels, and, on arriv- ing at the Revere IIoujc, cheers were proposed and most heartily given, for the passengers of the Maytlower in IG'iO, and the passengers of the Mayllower in 1S51. The steamer Naushon, though small, bore well her part in the maritime; exercises of the day, and gave great satisfac- tion to all on board. "When nearing the whart, on the return, her passengers wrote and signed a complimentary letter to her commander, Capt. H. W. Freeman, expressing their sense of his CHurteous demeanor during the excursion. The Revenue Cutters, Morris, Capt. Walden, and Hamilton, ijicut. Bmroughs, commanding, were gaily and ap[)ropriately decorated with ilags and i)ennants llying from each mast. Upon the fore-yards of the Morris, on either side, were two beautil'ul Hags of the Spanish and Dutch nations. At the summit of the maimiiast floated the revenue dag. Between the maiimiast and the foremast, extending from the to[) to the deck, were various signals, and the Stars and Stripes doated from her gall'. On board, the company wore entertained with a sumj)tuous collation : sentiments were oliered, songs sung, and the hilarity and mutual good feeling of all found, in other ways, also, suitable expression. On board the Hamilton, speeches were made by Col. Thompson and jMr. Dunham of the Common Council, which la ^, IMAGE EVALUATION TEST TARGET (MT-3) K^ h^ -^ ^^^^ i< 4^ ^o 1.0 I.I i:.25 lU Its u L£ 12.0 u |I4 Photograiiiic Sciences Corporation 23 WEST MAIN STRIET WEBSTER, N.Y. 145M (7I6)S72-4S03 90 were very handsomely responded to by Mr. Sheriflf Boston, of Montreal, and A. (iilkison, Esij., of IJrantford, Canada. The beautiful and uni(iue appearance of the Cutters as they moved throngh the waters, one on each side of their peace- ful companion, — half concealed by the smoke of their own cannon, which at short intervals pealed forth a gladsome sa- lute, — contributed as much to heighten the general etlect of the scene, as the courteous attentions of their commanders added to the comfort and enjoyment of those who were assigned to their care. Thus terminated the aquatic portion of the pageant, which, for its novelty, the beautiful appearance it presented, the en- thusiasm with which it was entered into, and the delightful feelings, which it gave to all who participated in it, only needed the additional observance, alluded to by the Mayor, of dropping a "golden ring" into the sea, as a token of the happy union, which had now been consunmiated between the waters of the Atlantic and the rivers and lakes of Canada and the West, to recall to mind the gorgeous Venetian ceremony of wedding the City to the waves of the Adriatic. Amongst the various schemes which had been devised to give interest to the excursion, was a Regatta off Point Alder- ton, at Hull, which had been intended to take place on the approach of the lleet. As the President's arrangements did not allow of his going that distance, and spending the time which a view of the race would have required, the Regatta was witnessed by a smaller number of spectators than had been anticipated. But notwithstanding this disappointment, the parties who were present at the trial of skill highly en- joyed the exhibition. The morning did not promise much, as there was no wind ; but by the time of starting, there was a fine breeze from the south east. The judges' boat, the yacht Raven, proceeded down the harbor at about ten o'clock, in tow of the steamer Hornet. She arrived S. E. of the Graves before eleven, and was anchored at the appointed place. She was suitably decorated for the occasion. From the jib stay was suspended the Union Jack, at the fore topmast 91 5 tons. 5 " 8 9 (( head the British ensign, and below the flag of Denmark, the yacht's signal ; at the main, the American Union Jack, pure white ground with a crimson star ; below the llag of France, and at the topping-lift, the American ensign. The judges were, Benjamin C. Clark, and Geo. B. Upton, Esqs., and Capt. Matthew Hunt. After the arrival of the Raven at the scene of operations, the steamer was despatched to the harbor to bring down the yachts, which intended to enter. At 12 M., the signal gun was fired from the Raven, and soon after, the boats, for the first race, formed in line. There were four competitors for the first race — all boats belonging to Hull, viz. : — Odd Fellow, Gift, Susan, --__-- Charade, -_--__ The signal gun was fired at 2h. 19m., and the boats went off ill fine style. The station boat was placed about four miles to the n. E. of the Graves ; the boats all rounded her, and came back in the following order by the judges' boat : — The Gift, in . - - - 5Gi minutes. " Charade, - - - - 57^- " " Susan, . - - - 61 " " Odd Fellow, - . . 06 " The boats were allowed 30 seconds a ton, for difference of tonnage ; though after making this allowance, they took the prizes in the order of their coming in. It will be seen that they made excellent time, the distance sailed, being about eight miles. The prizes fell into good and grateful hands. The Gift (a very pretty boat) won the President's Goblet. In presenting it, the judge said, " Capt. Cobb, you are already the possessor of one beautiful Gift — the city of Boston makes you the owner of another." The Charade took the second prize, an elegant spy-glass — being the second she has won lately. The judge said, "Cap- tain, you have already taken one glass — the city of Boston 9-2 tenders yon another. It is not often she give lier friends a glass too much." The Snsan, a modest looking little boat, took the third pi'ze, a highly fuiished brass compass. The jndge, in jiassiiig it over, said, "Captain, yon have worked hard and skilfully to win a prize, and have coiPASS-ed your wishes." In the meantime, as soon as the small boats had left, the large ones were immediately formed in line ; the bay, at this time, was literally covered with boats of every description ; the steamer Hornet arrived with five or six yachts in tow, nearly all of which at once entered : there were many other large boats plying around, which did not enter ; among others wc noticed the beautiful Coquette, the Hornet, Witch, Gazelle, Grace, Rattler, Alida. Bride of the Eillow, Mary, and Minna. The signal gun was fired at thirteen minutes past three. The breeze had now freshened, and gave promise of a fine race. Precisely at the moment, the following yachts start- ed : — Neptime, 10 tons, of Marblehead, Capt. Gregory. Edward Eddy, 12 " Salem, (( Smith. Excelsior, 10 " (( (C Wallis. Triumph, 20 «• Hingham, <( Souther. Cygnet, 31 " Boston, (( Healey. Pearl, 32 " Salem, « Martin. Quarantine, 43 " Boston, (( Berry. Flirt, 43 " Boston, (t Maiming Mystery, 46 " Salem, a Perkins. Surprise, .53 " Boston, (( Thayer. The race was from the judges' boat, outside the Graves, round Egg Rock, back to the place of stalling. The wind thus made it a dead beat back from Nahant. The Nejitune started in beautiful style, and rounded Egg Rock among the first ; but in beating back the larger boats showed their supe- rior qualities on a wind. The judges' boat was rounded in the following order : — Quarantine, - - - - - 2h. 01m. Flirt, 2h. 02m. Cygnet, 2h. 03m, Pearl, 2h. 05m. 93 Mystery, 2h. orm. Excelsior, 'ih. 11m. ■\c])tiinc, 2h. 17m. Triumph, 2li. 20m. Ill about ten minutes after the arrival ol' the last boat, the prizes were awarded by 13. C. Clark, Esq., the Chairman ot' the Committee, as Ibllows : — The "President's Pitcher," (value ij;100,) to the Cygnet. The second prize, " a spy-glass," (value $20,) to the Excelsior, and the third, "a sot of colors," to the Pearl. Tlie witniers aj)pear'-J to value the ])rizcs highly, not on account of their intrinsic value, but as tokens of attention and regard from the city of Boston. Thus ended one of the most beautiful and exciting regat- tas ever witnessed in Massachusetts Bay. The skill, evinced in getting up the exhibition, was only equalled by the perfect harmony and good feeling which marked its progress and its close. The scene was lovely in the extreme ; the sun was shine- ing in an unclouded sky, and the waters of our beautiful bay sparkled and danced in his beams, as if rejoicing to add their abounding share to the attractiveness of the scene. The whole harbor was dotted witli vessels, which were adorned with gay flags, and filled with persons who, overflowing with the spirit of enjoyment, continually gave and received vocif- erous cheers and friendly salutations as the vessels passed and repassed each other. In the afternoon, the expectation of the arrival of Lord Elgin, the Governor General of British North America, drew a great concourse of spectators to the Western Railroad de- pot, eager to see and welcome him. The Mayor, attended by several members of the City Government, was on the spot to receive the distinguished guest. At a quarter past five o'clock, the train, bearing his Lordship and Suite, arrived. The mul- titude welcomed him with hearty cheering as he stepped from the cars and sto jd upon the platform in the wide space, in the open air, to the south of the depot. Mr. Mayor Bigelow then il :i ■fi' r;:;i 'tip urn 94 tendered to him a public Avelcome, and the hospitalities of the City, ill the following address : — YOUII EXCELLEXCV : — In tlio name of my follow citizens, I welcome you to the nie- tropolis of New Kn^land. We recognise you, not only as tiie vuK'i- of extensive and important provinces, but as the principal rcpi'esontative, on this continent, of the venerated land of oui- an- cestors. It is told of ISamoset, the Indian Chief, that his first .salutation to the Pil'frinis at Plymouth, was " welcome, welcome, En;^lishmcn." Such was the grcetinj:; of the old warrior to those, who wore to invade the hunting-grounds and extinguish the coun- cil fires of his race. With a better augury for the future, it becomes nio on this occasion, to repeat that salutation, and say, " welcome Englishmen and their fellow subjects," who come to us under circumstances so auspicious for our own and their ])rob- perity. There is a special interest connected with your Excellency's visit at this time, gracing, as it does, with your presence, the es- tablisliment of a social and commercial alliance ])etween this city and the Canadas. Lines of intercommunication have been open- ed, by which the products of your provinces may find speedy and convenient transit to the sea. The railways, which unite us, arc works more trulv admirable than the wondrous avenues whicli radiated from Imperial Rome — avenues for facilitating tlie march of invading armies, or the return of triumphal chariots laden with the spoils of desolated countries. Our own iron pathways, the result of scientific labor and skill unequalled by ancient times, are devoted to far different objects. They unite in friendly rela- tions the inhabitants of Avidely separated regions — minister to their mutual wants — diffuse abroad the means of knowledge — " and scatter plenty through a smiling land." Our festival may be considered, in some sort, as the celebration of a conjugal union between Canada and the Ocean. We can dis- pense Avith the golden ring, which was used in the espousals of Ve- nice with the waters of the Adriatic ; for this union is effected by bands of iron, which at once attest its perpetuity and strength. My Lord, the more intimate connection, which hereafter is to sub- sist between the people whom you govern and the Atlantic states, is perhaps, in i. small degree, a pledge and a guaranty of per- petual amity between the British and American nations. The memory of their fratricidal conflicts is fading away, and the history thereof, I trust, is completed forever. The record of their gen- erous I'ivalry, for ])rc-eminence in the arts of peace, is now opening, and is destined to exhibit the brightest pages in the aimals of their common race. Such, I am confident, are the anticipations and 95 lities of I tlic iiie- >y as ilio pvincii)al f our an- t his first -svelcomo, to tliose, the coun- futurc, it and say, omc to us iciv prob- cellency'd ;c, the es- II this city ►ccn open- pecdy and ite us, are uos -which tlie march iots Kideu path-vvays, ent times, ndly rehi- inister to )Avledgc — [elebration le can dis- lals of Vc- Iffected by strength, is to sub- [tic states, ty of per- ms. The |he history their gen- opening, lis of their Ltions and liopes of the people for whom I speak, and thoy enhance tlio jiloasuro with which they sahite you as their wek'onie and honored 'iucst. [The aihlress of the Mavor was soc«mdod bv the cnthusi- astic cheers of the multitude.] To this address Lord Elgin made the following reply : — ]\rn. Mayor and ({extlemkn' : — I am (luite overcome by tb-s kind and cordial reception ; but, flontlemen, \ have been travelling all day, and my tbroat is so full of dust that you will excuse me if do not attempt to follow the Mayor in his most elo(|uent address. ]]ut there is one thing he has said, Avhich I cannot allow to lia.oston, but prompted also — I nmst confess it — hy the de- sire to show bv this act of mine rather than l)y mere words, — because 1 know that this mode of expression is the more emphatic and more intelli;iible of the two — to show bv this act, my eunvic- tion that it becomes us, Amoncans and]jrit(nis — I jait the Ameri- cans first, — [hear, hear, hear,] — Americans and Britons, — de- scended as we are from the same stock, iidieritors of the same traditions, and, unless I grievously misconstrue the signs of the times, with duties and responsibilities, as resjiccts the fntui-e, not widely dissimilar, — to bo refidy at all times, and all places, and more especially at this time, and upon this soil of 2sorth America, to cultivate toAvard eacli other feelings of brotherly love and mutual friendship. These are my feelings, and I therefore gladly accept your proffered kindness. [Cheers.] Lord Elgin then took a seat in an open barouche, wjfli the Mayor, and, together with his Suite in other carriages, was escorted by the Independent Cadets, (the Governor's Guard,) to the Revere House. The cortege passed through Liuccln, Summer, Winter, Tremont, and Court streets, and Lord Elgin was frequently cheered as he passed by the multitudes, who I I i- Hit! im M'^m Of) lii cd th(! streets. Notliing could be more rcspcctlnl, nt otico, ancl cordiiil than liis rccoplioii. 'I'lie iiihaljil.iiits of nostou are led both by instinct and education to tirat any strjuiger with courtesy, fuiyi^nest witli kindly hospitality, and, — in spite of an ancient lend or two, remembered every day with less u( acrimony, and more (»f the sentiment of half-all'ectionate respect for the gallant an- tagonist, — every Briton as a brother. It is most agreeable, to every true-hearted American, to watch the rapid and ever onward pr(»cess of "re-annexation '' in mind and heart, which is going on between this country and her political and ititel- lectual mother, and natural and almost necessary ally. It would be invidious at j)rescnt to particularise the statesmen of our own country, to whom we are in a large measure in- debted for the public manifestation of this universal feeling, but it is not improper, it is in fact a duty, to say, that to such eminent men of (jireat Britain as Sir Henry Bulwer, the citi- zens of Boston, and, we believe, the people of the United States, as Anglo-Saxons, as Christians, and as men, feel themselves under very great obligations. That gentleman's *-bad speeches," as he alone ventures to call them, not only rank with the best of their class, as oratorical performances, but ac- tually tend more powerfully to promote a kindly union among the nations of men, upon the basis of mutual justice, kindness and forbearance, than the more elaborate ellbrts of a greater number of Peace Congresses than has yet had to be counted, though the propriety and utility of those conventions are to be estimateil at a high rate. It is also an agreeable duty to assign to Lord Elgin his honorable place, at the side of Sir Henry, in the same admirable career. Some of these consid- erations doubtless had their influence in the minds of the assemblage which so cordially welcomed his Lordship. And it was probably remembered, that he was born in that Scot- land, which more than any ether country resembles our own New i^^iigland, — that classic land of our childhood, whose Cov- enanters, the true cousins, in spirit and in faith, of our own '• ])ersecuted remnant " of Puritans, are almost as dear to our early memories, as the Pilgrims themselves ; and, despite our 97 strong disposition to recalcitrate anainst liereditary honors, it j)robabiy was not altogether forgotten, that he is a represent- ative of that Uruce of Bannockbiuii, Avhose fame is part of our own inheritance, and the story of whose life is interwoven with our first-impressed recollections. It is no small compli- ment to his Lordship, to say that the crowd, knowing who ho was and what he was, were not disappointed in the personal appearance of one around whom so many associations at that moment clustered. Although somewhat under the middle height, hisi figure is portly and dignified. He resembles in face and in person the late John (iuincy Adams, though, — if tlic expression may be used, — projected upon a bolder scale. His very handsome countenance indicates extraordinary intel- lectual power, refined culture and habitual command over other men, at once, and his own impassioned nature ; and in his eye and his mouth are seen, each in a strongly marked degree, grave and earnest thought, the consciousness of power, and the sense of great responsibility, all struggling with almost irrepressible humor, half comic, half sarcastic, but always racy and vigorous. There is also expressed in his face indom- itable courage, and anything but a fondness for opposition. He does not look as if he could readily bring himself to yield to anything in the shape of opposing force. He is in the prime of life, (born July 20th, ISll,) and evidently enjoys vigorous health. His bearing was in the highest degree frank, courteous and manly. His person and deportment, obviously struck the people most favorably, and he was greeted with three enthusiastic cheers upon alighting at the Revere House. He was at once ushered into the gentlemen's parlor, and introduced to President Fillmore, by Mr. Mayor Bigelow. The meeting of the President of the United States and the highest officer of Great Britain in North America, to rejoice together over the beneficent triumphs of peace and the addition of new facilities to the friendly mtercourse of the two nations, was an occasion of peculiar interest and of the happiest augury. His Lordship's Suite, consisting of his brother, Lieut. Col. 13 1)8 Tfi '~ '^it^ Fi Briico, wlinsc face was remarked as peculiarly expressive of refined culture, and Lord Mark Kerr, the H<»n. George Waldo- frrave, Sir A. N. MacNal), Solicitor General McDonald, and Messrs. Ilinclfs, Drnmmond, Tachc- and Price, all of them men of very gentlemanlike bearing, were also formally intro- duced to the President and Messrs. Conrad and Stuart, hy Alderman Rogers, after which some two hours were passed in the presentation of citizens who desired to welcome the Chiefs of two contiguous lands. At a later period in the evening, Mr. Webster welcomed Lord Elgin and his Suite. There were no formal speeches, but a simple, cordial, friendly greeting. After the retirement of Lord Elgin, the President and Messrs. Stuart and Conrad were introduced to all the Cana- dian gentlemen by Alderman Rogers. Subsequently, the President went to the ladies' parlor, where he was introduced to a large number of ladies, with whom he passed an agreea- ble hour. Dining all these ceremonies there was a great crowd of jjuoplo in Bowdoin Square, and when the fireworks were displayed, a general shout of approbation resounded through the area. At the Tremont House, a dinner was given by the City Authorities to the ofllcers of the British Army then in Bos- ton, as a token of corciial welcome. The Adjutant General of the Commonwealth and other principal officers of the Massachusetts Militia were present, and the evening was passed in the interchange of expressions of mutual respect. Numerous other entertainments were also given, at public houses, to the guests of the city. In the evening, the Mayor held a Levee at his mansion, in Temple street, at which were President Fillmore, Lord Elgin and Suite, the Secretaries of War and the hiterior, members of the Canadian Cabinet, Judiciary and Parliament, oflicers of the British Army, Gov. Boutwell and other princi- pal officers of the State, the members of the City Govern- ment, and a large number of eminent citizens of various trades and professions. Two bands of music were in attend- ance, — one of them being stationed in the street, to salute !)!) llic arrival and departure of distinguished guests in an appro- priate manner. As the President and the Govornor-(iencral were successively announced by *' Hail to the Chief," and "God save the Uueen," the dense multitude in the street re- ])eated the welcome with enthusiastic cheers. Other levees were given by Mrs. Harrison Gray Otis, in Mount Vernon street, Philip Greely, Jr., Esc}., Collector of the Port, in McLean street, the Hon. Robert C. Winthrop, in Pembcrton square, and the Hon. Samuel A. Eliot, in Heacoii titrcct, all of which were honored Avith the presence of Pres- ident Fillmore and Suite, and Lord Elgin and Suite. A grand Military Uall was also given in the evening, at Union Hall ; it was a most agreeable gathering, and passed olf with great eclat. Among the distinguished persons pres- ent were Lord Elgin, Sir Allan MoNab, Gapt. Lord Mark Kerr, Lieut. Col. the Hon. R. Bruce, Mr. Solicitor General McDonald, Mr. Solicitor General Drummond, Mr. Inspector Ucneral Hincks, the Hon. Mr. Killaley, the Hon. Mr. Taclu'-, M. P. P., Col. Fitzgerald, Major IJrooks, Col. Home, the Hon. Capt. King, R. E., Mr. Parkinson, of the 3d Regiment, .hidge McCord, Col. t ugy, Mr. Sheriff Thomas, the Hon. W. H. Boullon, M. P. P., Capt. Jones, of the 54th Reg., Lieut. Chisholm, of the 42d Reg. Highlanders, in the splendid and peculiar uniform of the corps, Capt. Stimpson, of the 20th Reg., Dr. Chisholm, of the Medical Staff, and Messrs. Young, McDonald, Mills, Cameron, Ross, Radcliffe, Odell, Bourchette, Merritt, F. Merritt, Bell, Philpotts, McKenzic, Jones, Hart, Patrick, and others, of Canada. Among other distinguished men who were present, were (iov. Boutwell and Staff, ex-Gov. Paine, of Vermont, the Hon, N. P. Banks, Jr., the Hon. Josiah Q,uincy, Jr., Major General Edmands, Col. Sherman, of the U. S. Flying ArtiU lery, Gen. J. S. Tyler, and Francis Brinley, Esq. Many ladies from Canada also lent their charms to grace the festive occasion. At the entrance of Lord Elgin, the national air of England was played by the Germania Musical Society. 100 The Viceroy was introduced to many of our citizens in tin; hall. After remaining hail" an hour he retired, expressing himself as much ])leased with his visit. The ball Avas under the management of Gen. S. Andrews, Col. R. Cowdin, and Col. C. L. Ilolbrook. I ii f At the Masonic Temple, the Grand Lodge of Massachu- setts entertained their Provincial brethren in a most libernl manner. A large number of distinguished Masons were present, among whom were Sir Allan McNab, Judge McCord, of Uuebec, and William Henry Uoulton, Esq., of the Provin- cial Parliament. E. A. Raymond, Worshipful Grand Master, of Massachusetts, presided, and, after much good music, the hospitalities of the fraternity were extended by Rev. George M. Randall, Deputy Grand Master, in a neat and appropriate address, which was replied to by Sir Allan McNab, Provincial Grand Master of the Grand Lodge of Canada West, on behalf of his brethren present. The company then adjourned to the spacious ante-room adjoining tlie Lodge, where refresh- ments had been prepared. After an hour's interchange of friendly sentiment, the com- pany separated, congratulating each other on the great event which brought them together. In the afternoon, the City Greys, of Bath, Me., Capt. E. K. Harding, were received at the Maine Depot, and escorted to South Boston by the Pulaski Guards, acconipanied by the Charlestown Brass Band. On the arrival of the Company at the draw of the upper bridge, a salute was fired by a detachment of the Boston Artillery, under the direction of Capt. Thomas H. Evans. The Greys were escorted to their camp, (in the rear of the Guards' Armory,) which was called "Camp Harding," in honor of their Commander. Supper was served for the two companies in Lyceum Hall. At eight o'clock in the evening there was a Promenade Concert in the Armory, after which fireworks were let oil" from the camp-ground under the direc- tion of Mr. William Beals, Pyrotechnist. 101 A beautiful exhibition of fireworks was Riven in the eve- ning, in front of the Revere House, by Mr. Stevens, the |iro- j)riotor, in honor of President Filhnoro and Lord liigin. Uesides the usual display of rockets, bombs, Roman candles, and the like, there were several set pieces; — one of which was a representation, in colored lance work, of a Steamship, decorated with Hags flying from her masts and peak. The grand finale consisted of the Crown and Eagle b(;- ncath the English and American fiags, between which wore seen the ClasiKjd Hands of Friendship. A most brilliant disj)lay of fireworks was made by the citi- zens of East lioston, in honor of the opening of llio (^rand Junction Railroad. It took place at 7^ o'clock, and was greatly admired by the thousands who witnessed it from both sides of the liarbor. The reflection of the fires from the intervening waters gave additional splendor to tlie view from the city proper. Uesides the display on the groundii of the company, bon-fires were lighted on Eagle Hill, and at the residences of many of the citizens were private exhibi- tions of much beauty. ' Such were the scenes of the Second Day o. .he Jubilee. No accident or untoward event occurred to mar the general joy, and the sun, as he sank in smiles behind the western hills, gave the pleasing assurance that the coming day would be enlivened by the same genial rays which had thus far given to the pageant so much of its brilliancy, and contrib- uted so largely to the comfort and enjoyment of the gathered multitudes. 102 THIRD DAY, : i ■•^ iff hl":A :■■;.■ V \ V; The morning of Friday, September 19tli, the last day of the Celebration, clisappoiuted no fondly indulged hope, but dawned brightly and beautifully, filling the hearts of thou- sands with joy and gladness, and exciting the highest antici- pations of pleasure. And all that the morning promised was fully realized ; no cloud dimmed the mild splendor of the sun ; no harsh breath from the east chilled the air. From sunrise to sunset the weather was glorious, and entire success crowned all the proceedings of the day. The Banks, the Custom House, the Market House and most of the stores in the business part of the city were closed; and the occasion was observed by all classes of citi- zens as a holiday. The streets were thronged, from early dawn to midnight, with dense masses of happy people in holiday attire, and on no previous occasion, perhaps, in the history of the city, had so large a multitude been gathered within her limits ; — yet order and decorum every where pre- vailed, and " gladness ruled the hour." The distinguishing features of this day's doings were the Procession, the Dinner on the Common, and the Fireworks and Illuminations in the evening ; and for all these, prepara- tions had been made upon a becoming scale. The appearance which the city presented, as the hour for forming the procession drew near, was animating in the ex- treme. In all the streets through which it was to pass, the sidewalks were every where crowded — sounds of martial music from time to time rose on the air — flags, streamers and evergreens, mottoes, inscriptions, and all manner of fanciful devices adorned the buildings — and groups of smiling and lovely faces filled the windows and looked down from the balconies. The whole scene was one of exceeding beauty, sucli as one would look upon again and again, "that he initilit tali U lip when i\u awtiy. " 103 To the general regret, a sudden, though happily not se- rious, indisposition prevented the President from joining in the procession ; — he, however, had, in consequence, a far more favorable opportunity than he otherwise would have had, of seeing the whole display as it passed the Revere House ; and it was a display well calculated to impress a stranger with a vivid idea of the character and resources of the city. The hour named for the formation of the Procession was 9 o'clock, A. M. ; but, owing to the unforeseen delays incident to the arrangement of so large a body of men, and so ex- tensive a collection of the products of industry, some of them of the most ponderous description, it was nearly 11 o'clock before all was in readiness to move. The Procession was composed of eleven divisions ; and its route was from the City Hall, in School street, through Tre- mont, Com't, Cambridge, Chambers, Green and Pitts streets, Haymarket square, Blackstone, Clinton, and South Market streets, Merchants' row, State, Washington, Dover and Tre- mont streets, to the corner of Park street, where it entered the Common, and passed, through lines of school children, up the Park street, down the Beacon street and throuigh the Charles street Mall, to the Boylston street gate where it was dismissed. FIRST DIVISION. The vanguard consisted of a line of twelve policemen extending across the street, under the direction of oflicers Osborn and Sleeper. Francis Tukey, Esq., City Marshal. Aid, Aid, Officer Spurr. Officer Batman. MTj.iTARY ESCORT. Brigadier Gen. Samuel Andrews, of the .irst brigade first divis- ion, commanding, and Staff, viz : — Major P. S. Davis, Brigade Major ; Capt. Henry C. Brooks, Aid ; Capt. Daniel Sharp, Jr., Brigade (Quarter Master, and William Ba- ker, Jr., Acting Aid-de-Camp. SUFFOLK BRASS BAND. The National Lancers, Capt. T. J. Pierce. The Fifth regiment of Artillery, under Col. Robert Cowden, Lieut. Col. II. W. Usher ; Major Caleb Page ; Lieut. Samuel S. Chane, Adjutant ; Lieut. Frederick A. Heath, Quartermaster ; Dr. Phipps, Surgeon ; Dr. C. E. Buckingham, Surgeon's mate. 104 bond's cornet band. Boston Artillery, Capt Evans. Columbian Artillery, Capt. Thompson. Washington Artillery, Capt. Bullock. Roxbury Artillery, Capt. Webber. Concord Artillery, Capt Wood. Charlestown Artillery, Capt. Huntley. The last two companies annexed to the fifth regiment for the occasion. The First Regiment of Light Infantry, under Col. C. L. Holbrook ; Lieut. Col. John C. Boyd ; Major James A. Abbott ; Lieut. Thomas E. Chickering, Adjutant; Lieut. Thomas L. Robinson, Quarter- master ; Lieut, Caleb T. Curtis, Paymaster. KENDALLS BRASS BAND. New England Guards, Capt. Bradlee. Boston Light Guard, Capt. Clark. Washington Light Guard, Capt. Savory. Boston Light Infantry, Capt Ashley. City Guards, Lieut. Pulsifer commanding. Norfolk Guards, of Roxbury, Capt. Merriam. Massachusetts Volunteers, Capt. Moore. Warren Light Infantry, Roxbury, Lieut. Nichols commanding. Boston Independent Fusileers, Capt. Mitchell. Winthrop Light Guard, Capt. Cassell. Pulaski Guards, Capt. Wright. Mechanic Riflemen, Capt S. G. Adams. Next came a fine battalion of two companies from Rhode Island and Maine, under command, for the occasion, of Col. J. D. Greene of the 4th Infantry ; Lieut Col. Horace Williams ; Maj. Edmund A. Parker ; Dr. H. B. C. Greene, Surgeon. BATH BRASS BAND. Providence Light Infantry, Col. W. W. Brown commanding. Bath City Greys, Capt. E. K. Harding. Gen. John S. Tyler, Chief Marshal. Aids. Aids. [Major John C. Park, Major Joel Scott, Col. John L. Dimmock, Major Charles II. Appleton, William H. Foster, Esq. FLAGG's BRASS BAND. The Committee of Arrangements in carriages. These weres ucceeded by the Mayor and Aldermen, and Common Council of this city. 105 occasion. Aids. Kiioiih Train, Peter Butler, Jr. SECOND DIVISION. B. G. Bates, Chief Marshal. Edward F. Hall. BAND. Aids. 1, G. Bates, J, W. Ward, Secretaries Conrad and Stuart, accompanied by Mr. Alderman Kogers, in si barouclie drawn by six white horses, and flanked by detachments of the Independent Cadets. [The Mayor was not in the procession, — b. ing occupied in arrangements concerning the exercises at the Pavilion.] Lord Elgin, and his Suite, consisting of the Hon. Col. Bruce, Pri- vate Secretary and principal Aid-de-camp, and Lord Mark Kerr, Aid-de-cani[), accompanied by Francis Brinley, Escj., in a barouche drawn by six white horses, and flanked by a detachment of the Inde- pendent Cadets. Gov. iJoutwell and Aids, as follows : — Lieut. Cols. .J. T. Heard, C. W. Chapman, and H. A. Williams ; followed, in another carriage, by Adj't. Gen. E. W. Stone, and Lieut. Col. D. Needham. Actii"!; Gov. W. B. Lawrence, of Rhode Island, Major Sherman of tiie Flying Artillery, and Col. Pitman. Canadian JMinistry: — The Hon. Francis Hiucks, Inspector Gen- eral ; tlie rion. E. P. Taclie, Receiver General ; the Hon. J. IL Price, Commissioner of Crown Lands ; and the Hon. George Waldegrave. l^ieut. Gov. n. W. Cushman, the Hon. Joseph Bourret, Commis- sioner of Public Works, and the Hon. Henry Wilson, President of the Senate. IMembers of the Executive Council ; the Hon. Messrs. Isaac Emery, E. K. AVhitaker, and J. B. Alley, and the Hon. A. Abbot, ex-repre- sentative in Congress, from Andover. Messrs. George W. Pike, Rodolphus B. Hubbard, Philo Leach, and Noah Gibson. Mr. Gilkison, of Brantford, Canada ; Capt. Allyne, R. N., Que- bec ; W. H. Ponton, Esq., Mayor of Belleville ; James Ross, Esq., of Belleville. The Hon. Ama?a Walker, Secretary of the Commonwealth ; Charles B. Hall, Esq. Treasurer ; David Wilder, Jr., Es(i., Auditor ; and T. H. Campbell, Esq., Auditor of Illinois. Sir Allan N. JMcNab, M. P. P. ; the Hon. H. H. Killaly, Assistant Commissioner of Public Works ; Mr. Robinson, of Canada ; and Ex- Gov. Paine, of Vermont. The Hon. William Morris, M. L. C. ; Rev. Dr. E. Ryerson, Su- perintendent of the Department of Education, C. W. ; the Hon. Samuel JNIills, M. L. C, of Canada. The Hon. Robert C. Winthrop, Mr. Attorney General Clifford. 14 106 ; ■< Solicitor General INFcDonald ; the Hon. W. B. Richards, M. P. P. ; Mr. Sheritr Thomas, Mi-. Sheritl" Smith, Mr. Sheritl' Cameil. Georjie Brown, Est}., tiie Hon. James Hall, M. P. P. ; the Hon. Robert Bell, M. P. P., of Canada ; accompanied by Symmes Gardner, Esq., of Boston. The Hon. Mr. Goodenow, the Hon. Mi*. Hebard. Halifax; Col. B. C. A. Gugy, M. P. P. ; the Hon. W. H. Boulton, M. P. P. His Honor, John G. Bowes, Mayor of Toronto ; Aldermen Wake- field and Beard, jNIr. Recorder Duggan, and the Rev. Barnas Sears, Secretary of the Massachnsetts Board of Education. Messrs. Lepper, and Lampson, of the City Council, Quebec. Joseph Hamel, City Surveyor, and A. Dorval, E)sq., Councillor, Quebec; Aldermen Thompson and Ridout, Toronto. William Weller, Esq., Mayor of Cobourg ; Messrs. D. E. Boulton, C. H. Morgan, and R. H. Throoiie, and Dr. Beatty, of the same place. George L. Allen, E-jq,, the Police Magistrate of Toronto ; Aldir- inan Wliittemore, and Messrs. Councihnen Price, Ritchey, and Plati, of Toronto. Mr. James Brown, Canada; William r.Iattico, Esq., Mayor of Cornwall, C. W. ; J. Lane, Esq , Clerk C. C, Barrie ; A. T. McCord, Esq., Chamberlain, and JMr. Councilman Hayes, Toronto. Messrs. Graveley, Strong, and Jeffrey, Cobourg ; Messrs. Stro- bridge, and Bunnell, Brantfonl. Alderman Dempsey, George L. Allen, Esq. Chief of the Police, and John Watkins, Esq., of Toronto, and W. Patterson, Esq., (Quebec. James Cotton, Esq., Toronto ; J. Brousean, Escj., and Dr. Kimlin, of Quebec ; and J. H. Larkin, Esq., Montreal. The Hon. Charles Wilson,' Mayor of Montreal ; the Hon. N. F. Belleau, Mayor of Quebec ; Alderman McFarlane, Montreal. Mr. Councillor Weeks, Hamilton ; W. G. Cassels, Es((., Toronto ; Dr. E. J. Barker, Kingston ; and W. Lampson, Esq., of City Council, Quebec. Messrs. Frechette and Bronsdon, of City Council, Montreal ; Alder- man Magill, Hamilton ; Duncan McFarlane, Esq., Toronto. W. L. Distin, Es(i., Alderman, and J. Moore, Esq.. Councillor, Hamilton ; J. G. Ridout, Esq., Toronto ; Messrs. C. Berczy, and J. C. Pyper, Canada. J. Trilles, M. Davis, and R. J.IcElroy, Esq's, City Council, Hamil- ton ; G. E. French, Esq., Vv'ashington, D. C. The Hon. Tappan Wentworlh, Lowell; J. H. Williams, Esq., and C. Willis, Esq., Boston ; T. Trask, Esq., Salem; Alderman J. M. Williams, Hamilton ; Gen. McLean, C. T. Gwinnell, Esq. Hon. Alex. McLean, M. P. P. ; Roderic W. Cameron, Esq., and A. Mathewson, Esq., Hamilton. Aldermen Lynch, and Grenier, and Councillors Leeming and At- water, Montreal. S. Morrill, Esq., Mayor of London, C. W. ; J. Lister, Esq., of the City Council, Hamilton. Sir Robert Campbell, Montreal ; and Messrs. Lane, Adams, and Richards, Canada. Messrs. Manning, BruDskill, Robertson, and Urquhart, Toronto. 107 J. P. Sexton, City Clerk, and S. J. Lyman, Esq., Montreal. The lion. A. N. Kinsman, Mayor of New Haven ; the Hon. E. Flower, Mayor of Hartford ; F. Crosby, Esq., Boston. The Hon. K, Matheson, M. P. P. ; George P. Lawson, Esq., Hali- fax ; Dr. G. C. Ardouin, Quebec. THIRD DIVISION. Aid. P. E. Kinsman. AMERICAN BRASS BAND, Henuy C. Lord, Chief Marshal. Aid. J. B. Wheelock. The Hon. Charles Hudson, Naval Officer of Port of Boston ; G. H. Miller, Esq , Collector of Port of Salem ; S. D. "Whitney, Esq., Con- sul to Venezuela ; S. Bryant, Esq., Consul to Equador ; William Elliott, P^sq., British Vice Consul. The Hon. Messrs. Kuhn, Keyes, Hubbard, and others of the Senate of JMassachusetts. Mr. Chief Justice Wells, and Messrs. Justices Hoar and Mellen, of the Court of Common Pleas, followed by about twenty members of the House of Representatives. ■I Aid. D. W. Childs. FOURTH DIVISION. J. W. Pierce, Chief Marshal. SOUTH DEDHAM BRASS BAND. Officers of the Army and Navy. Aid. F. A. Allen. Capt. Nye, 20th Regiment ; Capt. Stevens, R. N. ; J. R. Pilkington, R. E. ; Capt. Percival, U. S. N. ; Capt. Jugall, Lieut. W. H. Noble, R. E. ; W. A. Holwell, Ordnance Storekeeper, Quebec ; Dr. Ruther- ford, Medical Staff; Dr. Maitland, C. P. R. ; Capt. Kerr, R. E. ; Capt. Marjory, 54lh Regiment ; Dr. Wright, U. S. N. Senior Surgeon Stewart Chisholm, Royal Artillery ; Dr. John Gra- ham, British Army ; Lieut. Archibald M. Chisholm, 42d Royal High- landers ; Dr. Delany, U. S. N. Capt. Ilawkes, Royal Regiment ; William Gaudet, Commissioner of Staff; Mr. Shane, d4th Reg't; Lieut. W. A. Parker, U. S. N. Lieut. Lutzens, 20th Reg't. ; Lieut. O'Brien, 54th Reg't. ; Assistant Com. Gen. Webb; Commissary John Pope, U. S. A.; Mr. Keaa Buchanan, U. S. A. 108 FIFTH DIVISION. FAUNHAir Plujimkr, Chief Murslial. Aid. Aid. Stephen Rhodes. H. F. Blodlml. The St. John's Mutual licliel' Total Abstinence Society, of Kast IJoston, I). W. Campbell, Marsiial. TIic St. A'incent Total Abstinence Society, Tliomas Carberiy, Mar?lial. The Father Blathew Mutual Uenevolent Total Abstinence Society, of Chtirlestown, James O'Hrien, I\Iarshal. The St. Joseph Total Abstinence Society of Roxbury, James KildulT, Marshal. ELEVENTH DIVISION. C. J. Savage, Chief Marshal. Aid. Aid. Knoch Train, Jr. F. Lyman. Tins Division was composed of our hardy and muscular truclunen, to tlie number of 110, dressed in their neat white tVocisS, black hats and trowsers, mounted on their noble horses, and under command of Col. Thomas liancroft. Tiie wjjole procession terminated with a cavalcade, which though not very numerous, made a very respectable appearance. It is difficult to make any very accurate estimate of the number of tliose who took part in the procession ; but some idea of it may be formed from the fact that the time occupied ii] passing any given point was fully two hours, and that its length could not have been less than three and a half miles. The streets through which it passed were kept entirely free from carriages, and had been swept and sprinkled with water. The sidewalks along its whole route were filled by a com- pact yet perfectly orderly mass of delighted spectators, while from every window, balcony and portico, and even from many roofs, clusters of happy faces looked down upon the moving pageant. As the distinguished guests of the city came in view they every where met a most cordial and en- thusiastic reception. Cheer followed cheer continually, while from window and balcony the animated looks, bright smiles, fluttering silks and waving handkerchiefs of the ladies added a poetic grace to the scene. The greeting, so heartily given, was warmly received and gracefully reciprocated. The ever ready shout of welcome which attended the progress of Lord Elgin, in particular, was indicative, not only of the friendly feelings entertained towards the nation he represented, and I 112 of respect for the high station he filled, but it was a spon- taneous testimony of the personal interest in himself ■which his frank courtesy and noble bearing had inspired. The streets, through which the procession was to i)ass, had been profusely and tastefully ornamented. Although any lescription, Avhich can now be given of their various decora- tions, can convey but a faint impression of the reality ; yet tlieir beauty, number and appropriateness contributed in so great a degree to the splendor of the pageant, that an attempt must be made to indicate their character. The account which follows, imperfect as it is, may in some measure an- swer this purpose. It is given in the order of the route of the Procession, commencing with the City Ilall. ^ *'! ' THE CITY ICALr,. ais building was only ornamented on the southern side, facing School street. Over the general passage-way to the building, a large arch was erected, the columns of which were inscribed with the names of the thirty-two railroads of Mas- sachusetts, centering in Boston. On the face of the arch, as viewed from the south, a train of cars was represented in full motion, and the motto — GRAND RAILPjAD JUBILEE, SEPT. IT'th, 18th, 19th, 1851. On the reverse was the inscription, — THE CANADAS AND THE GREAT WEST. PROSFERITI TO ALL. The emblem, enclosed by the inscription, was a steamship ploughing her way through the ocean. From the highest windows of the central front, lines of large and well arranged banners extended to the east and west. The Stars and Stripes, the red cross of St. George, and flags with the armorial bearings of the Canadas, gave a fine appearance to the building. Starred streamers and pen- nons, of various colors and tastefully garlanded, hung from the various windows. On the balcony in front was an eques- trian portrait of Washington, of life size, with the inscrip- tion, — 11:1 VVASHINaroN "the FATIIEK of our COITNTUY." And beneath, — THE MAHCK OF IMI'ROVKMENT ! Over tlic eastern entrance from School street was a medal- lion, inscribed, — " E PUTHIBUS INTM.'* 1831. and surmounted by a golden Eaglo grasping in his talons the national colors. Over the western entrance, another medal- lion showed the old Pine Tree Flag of Colonial Massachu- setts, with the word and the date, — PLYMOUTH ! 1020. From each medallion waved a heavy flag, with silver stars on a ground of azure. !i TREMONT STREET. On reaching Tremont street, the Albion Hotel, richly dec- orated, first attracted the attention of the spectator. From it lines of flags of dilTerent nations were stretched in various directions, and festoons of streamers were arranf^".' across its front. Along the balustrade, commencing on Beacon street was the following inscription : GRAND RAILROAD AND STEAMBOAT JUBILEE. BOSTON, SEPTEMBER ITtH, 18tII, 19tH, 1851. [Two hands interlocked.] WE GREET OUR FRIENDS. BOSTON, 1630. liOSTON, 1851. OUR MARCH IS ONWARD. The Museum building was beautifully decorated with al- most numberless flags of various nations, and streamers in great profusion. Across the street in front were several large llags, and from the staffs which surmount the building, lines of the same graceful drapery were extended to the corners. The display, generally, at this point was very good. 11 1 J 4 i:;t loiiso ()|)|)()silo, was cxtciidecl a hue ol liiiglisli and . 'lags, Icstnoiicd v/ilh streamers, and connected to^ by a band bearing the following conj)let : " Tliii^, witli tlic Rlorious Stnr^ f'onvcr liriglit, filiino, rndiiint Civss, in undivided light." liOWDOIN SQUARE. Next enme the Rovcrc Tlonso, whose tasteful decorations have already been described as amongst those which added so much to the attractiveness of the scene on the occasion ot" the J'residcnt's arrival. In the square, however, other Hags and streamers had l)ecii suspended, which added much to the beauty of the show. CAMimin(iK AND HANCOCK STllKnTS. Passing down Cambridge street, as the eye wandered up Hancock street, it was greeted with a fine display. At ditler- ent places were American and English Hags lloating in friendly union. The front of Dr. Bigelow's residence, besides support- ing lines of flags which extended across the street, was very tastefully decorated with red, blue and white pennons, in the centre of which was the inscription, — HAIL TO OUIl city's >0BLK GUESTS. At the junction of Cambridge and Chambers streets there was a very profuse display of flags, marine signals, streamers, and other gay bunting. CHAMBERS STREET. In Chambers street, the residences of Rev. Dr. Barrett and Newell Harding, Esq. were tastefully festooned. In front of the residence of Mr. George Cook a very neat arch was formed with American and English flags, in the centre of which was placed a portrait of Queen Victoria. The house 11. J was also (loconHctl with a ootnploto sot of Murryatl's sigimls. TIk! [lortico of the block opjjosito, occii|)i('(l l)y Messrs. Priiico, J. Fowlo, niid G. \V. Lewis, was also wry jn'cttily triiniiiocl. Oil tli(5 ooiiicf of Canil)ricli,'o ami JOatoii streets, the house of :Mr. Fidwiii A. Raynioiid was wvM decorated. Mr. Ray- mond very tastofidly introduced into his decorations a lino ciiirravin^ of Washington. Flags across the street completed the display at this point. riTTS STIIKHT. In Pitts street, in front of the houses of Messrs. Brewster, Knight, Elliot, Sibley, Cheever and Harry, were several lines (»f llags and streamers. Across the street was an American ilag, bearing the motto, — OUR GUKSTS ANO OUn OOUNTnY. The fronts of Nos. 4, 5, and 29, were also decorated. IIAVMARKET SqUAIli:. Haymarket S(inare and the Dejjot of the Boston and Maine Railroad, were ])rol'usely ornamented with llags and streamers. Across the entrance of the Stpiare frotii Union street, was dis- played, in large letters, the word, — WELCOMh: ! IJLACKSTONE STKEiri". Along Blackstone street, between Haymarket scjuare and Hanover street, there were several lines of Ikigs. In Han- over street, in front of the printing olfice of G. C. Jenks, No. 80, were displayed two banners, each twenty-five feet in length. On one of them was printed, in large letters, the word, — OnEGO.V. suggestive of that ])rodigious embryo, the great Pacific Rail- road. On the other, — HARVEST. significant not only of the beautiful season, but of the boun- tiful fruit now yielded to the city by the network of railways I '■ V m ( i :i iW-'h* iHi |:'|!-r;iisi I IIG spread over the Stato. Crossing Hanover, a very brilliant show was made of the American, English and French Hug!:. Suspended across the street was the following motto : '• lUEN-VENL', CAMAHAOES." The fronts of Nos. i30 and 52 were abundantly trinmied. Messrs. Parker & WJiito, Benjamin Wilder, Field, Converse & Co., Wm. Lovejoy & Co., O. H. Underiiill, and Tattle ^ Higbee, also decorated their several premises. The Ncv,- England House was well trimmed, and also threw across the street a line of Hags, the central one of which bore the in- scription, — WE WELCOME OUll PRESIDENT. CLINTOX STREET. In Clinton street tlicre was a large exhibition of American flags and streamers. Reed & Wade's store was tastefully decorated. A bronze bust of the Hon. Daniel Webster oc- cupied the middle window of the second story, immedi- ately below the other windows of which, were models of clipper ships. Among the many flags across the street was one which showed unequivocal evidence of having seen service. COMME ICIAL STREF :•. Across Commercial street, from the Eastern end of Faneuil Hall Market to the opposite building, was a line of American flags. In the centre was a large spread eagle, admirably carv- ed in wood, and gilded. At this point the members of the procession caught a glimpse of a portion of the shipping in the harbor, which was profusely and gaily decorated witli flags, peuixons, streamers, and other characteristic bunting, adding much to the brilliancy of the spectacle ; while on the other side, was Faneuil Hall IMarket, whose interior presented a beautiful appearance. Along the passage-way, on either side, was one continuous line of streamers, of vari- ous colors, festooned and blended together with much taste. At the various entrances these lines of streamers were inter- sected with the American flag, arranged in graceful arches. Several of the stalls were also trimmed with good taste. I.)i- 117 rectly under the clock in the centre of the Market, were the following inscriptions : — " OUR COUNTRY : IN ALL THAT IS CiOOD, LET ITS COURSE BE (4 ONWARD," On the reverse, OUR NATION AS IT IS : OUR MARKET AS IT WAS. M I' SOUTH MARKET STREET. The long block of granite bnildings on the Sonth side oi South Market street was ornamented with a rich profnsion of Hags and streamers. The proprietors of "Q,uincy Hall," also made an excellent display. STATE STREET. State street at its junction with Merchants' row, looked very finely. Not only was there an abundance of tlags, but they were tastefully arranged. Xos. S7, 89 and 91, looked exceedingly well. In front of the Merchants' Exchange was a line of beautiful banners. In this building are the cilices of the Ogdensburg and Rutland Railroads, the completion of which was, in so large a measure, the occasion of the cole- bratioii. Very approju'iately therefore, the Directors of these roads exhibited, drawn across the street, a very large map on which were represented the New England States, New York, Ohio, Pennsylvania and Upper Canada, with Lakes Ontario, Erie, and Huron. On the map were traced the dilferent lines of railroads which have been constructed, and at the bottom of it was the inscription : — THE WEST AND CANADA TO BOSTON, VIA OGDENSBURG, VERMONT CENTRAL, AND RUTLAND AND BURLINGTON RAILROADS. From the Old State House, Hags were suspended across the street on each side of the building. On the north side, the fronts of Redding &. Go's, store, the Journal oliice, and Eastburn's printing oliice, looked very finely. The telegraph station on the top of the building was trimmed with the usual good taste of its proprietors, and j)resented a fine appear- ance. The Traveller, Bee, and Times oliices on the soutli lis !'i '', side, were ornamented with flags and pennons. In one of the windows of the " Bee " building was a medallion, bearing this inscription : — THE people's PKESS PAYS HOMAGE TO THE PEOPLE's PRESIDENT. In front of the Times offlce, across the street, was a large American Hag, bearing the words : — WELCOME ! CANADIANS. Above the portico at the eastern end of the Old Stale House, was erected a grand triumphal arch, on which was inscribed the words : — "liberty, equality, fraternity." washington street, On Washington street, in front of Adams & Go's. Express office, was a very large American flag, flanked by smaller ones, and bearing these inscriptions : — " Xo pent uj) Utica contracts our powers — The whole unboimdeil Continent is ours." On the reverse, the words of Puck, — "we'll PUT A GIRDLE ROUND THE EARTH IN FORTY MINXTES." The fronts of Nos. 107 and 109 were fittingly decorated. In front of No. 129, was displayed in large letters, the word WELCOME ! The occupants of Nos. 129, 134 and 136, displayed good taste in decorating their several buildings. In a window in front of No. 162, mounted upon a pedestal, was a bust of Wash- ington. In front of Thomas J. Atkins' store, was a miniature statue of Samuel Adams. James G. Hovey's store was also tastefully ornamented. Shorey . 121 and from a window a medallion bust of Fillmore, surrounded by a wreath of flowers. The second display across the street consisted of a representation of a steam engine, under full headway, around which were the following inscriptions. On the right : — THE GREAT PEACE MAKER. On the left :— STEAM POWER, ONE OF THE POWERS THAT BE. Underneath : — THOMAS BLAXCHARD BUILT A STEAM CARRIAGE 1825. PETITION FOR A RAILROAD 1826. THE FIRST IN AMERICA. In front of No. 69, was displayed the honored name of LAFAYETTE. On the end of the building at the corner of South Suffolk street, were suspended in gilt letters, in the form of an arch, the words, — LIVERPOOL, HALIFAX, BOSTON. Just below Suffolk street, across Dover street, were full- length portraits of President Fillmore and Lord Elgin shaking hands, and underneath, this inscription : — "Now let us haste these bonds to knit, And in the work be handy, That we may blend ' God save the Queen,' With 'Yankee Doodle Dandy!'" On the right of the President was the American eagle sur- rounded by gilt stars, and surmounted by the word, — FULTON. And on the left of Lord Elgin, the Lion and Unicorn, sur- mounted with the name of, — WATT. The other banners across the street were as follows : — WELCOME TO OUR GUESTS FROM THE BRITISH PROVINCES ANIX OUR SISTER STATES. 16 '4 it A chain of three links was surrounded by the words, MONTREAL, ROSTON AND HALIFAX. Other flags bore the mottoes : COMMERCE. AGRICULTURE. JIECHAXIC ARTS. CUNARD. And on the last was a representation of the cities of Mon- treal and Boston, with this inscription : — MONTREAL AND BOSTON — UNITED WE PROSPER. Along the right side of the street, below Suffolk street, were the names of Franklin and the several Mayors of the city — Phillips, Quincy, Otis, Wells, Lyman, Armstrong, Eliot, Chapman, Brimmer, Davis, Q,uincy, Jr., and Bige- Low. Across Emerald street was erected a large platform, covered with the American and British flags, and on which were thirty-three beautiful girls, thirty-one of whom were dressed in white, and had upon their heads wreaths of splendid flowers. They were intended to represent the different States, and each wore a sash with the name of the State which she represented upon it. Each bore also in her right hand a small American flag. In the centre of these young ladies was a fair daughter of our city, dressed in regal style, and wearing upon her head a golden crown, the front of which sparkled with diamonds. She was intended to per- sonate Queen Victoria. On the extreme right of the platform was a young lady who personated Massachusetts. The whole affair was most tastefully arranged, and presented a beautiful appearance. The young ladies upon the platform were all residents of Dover street, and, most of them, pupils of the Franklin School. As the carriages which contained the members of the Cabi- net and Lord Elgin successively approached the j)latform, the young ladies commenced singing the beautiful song *' New Ensl?" d.'" and continued to do so until the carriascs igin. 123 were directly in front, when Miss Carey, who personated the Uiiceu, descended from the platform, and, escorted by Mr. John I). Pliilbrick, the master of the Uuincy School, pro- ceeded to tiic carriage appropriated to the President and his Cabinet. She held in her hand a beautiful bouquet, which slio hud designed to present to the President, — but, in his absence, Mr. Secretary Stuart rose to receive it. She accom- j)anied the olfering of the bouquet with the following appro- priate remarks : — " Mr. PiiESIDENT, — " I am happy to meet you under circumstances which exhibit in so striking a manner the prosperity and happiness of your country, and the harmony and good feeling which exist among tlic people of the nation over whose interests you preside." To this Mr. Secretary Stuart replied : — " I am very happy to receive this beautiful bouquet in the name of the President. We regret exceedingly that he is not here in person to receive it." The " Q,ueen" returned to her place, and then Miss Paxton, representing Massachusetts, was escorted to the carriage containing Lord Elgin, to whom she presented a fine bouquet, with this address : — " Massachusetts welcomes to the hospitality of her metropolis, with cordial salutation, the distinguished Chief Magistrate of Her Majesty's Provinces in North America." To this his Lordship replied in substance as follows : — " I shall preserve this as a token of the kindness and hospi- tality of the State of Massachusetts and the city of 33oston." Loud cheers were then given for Q-ueen Victoria, for Lord Elgin, and for the Canadas. In response, the Viceroy called for cheers for the President and for Massachusetts. Other cheers followed for Mr. Webster and others. A little further on, Lord Elg'.i, holding up his beautiful bouquet to the crowd iuound him, said : — ^i ^ I VJi W'. " I received this from a fair representative of the State of Massachusetts, and shall keep it as a memorial of her." This pleasing incident of .the procession will not soon be forgotten by those Avho witnessed it. In front of No. 33 was tiie inscription : — Bless the Powkr that has made and i'keserved us a Nation. A very neat steel engraving of Lord Elgin was suspended over the entrance to this building. Over the entrance to No. 26, was a banner with the inscription : — " Knowledge is Poweh." In front of No. 23, was the motto : — " The Schoolj[aster is Abroad." The brick block Nos. G, fS, 10 and 12, looked very finely. Along the balustrade in front were the words : — Britannia and Columuia. Perhaps no part of the city presented at any time a more beautiful and animating sight than, that which delighted the eye, as the procession was moving through Dover street ; nor was the hospitality of the inhabitants of the street, so far as there was opportunity of exercising it, less striking. TIIEMONT street. From the corner of Dourer street to the Johnson School House there were no very conspicuous decorations, though there was the usual number and v^ariety of flags. At the Johnson School House, however, a very attractive scene was presented. In consequence of the tender age of the pupils belonging to the Primary Schools, they took no public part in the cele- bration. But the public spirit of Dr. J. Odin, the Chairman of District No. 13, had caused a platform to be erected over V2o the area in front ot* the uliDve named scliool house, upon which woro arrayed two or three hundred of the Primary School children of that District, from four to eight years of age, accompanied by their teachers. The platform was liuiidsomcly ornamented, and directly behind the children was a line of Hags, bearing the words : — Welcomi: ! OUR President! Along 'be front of the fence was the inscription, in large letters : — Primarv Schools. On the right, No. OF Schools, 189. On the left, No. of Pupils, 12,110. And over the children. Here are our Jewels. One of the boys h.eld a banner, on whicli was inscribed : — ^ " Tall oaks from little acorns grow." When the carriage which contained Secretaries Stewart and Conrad came opposite this point, a little girl was carried to it in the arms of a gentleman, and presented to Secre- tary Stewart a beautiful bouquet, saying to him : — "Will \ou, Sir, request the President to accept this bouquet from the Primary School children of Boston Y " The Secretary, in the kindest manner, and with that benignity which won all hearts while he was here, assured he: that he would. As the carriage of the Earl passed this point, the same little girl, with childlike courtesy, presented him, too, with a bouquet, as an offering from her little companions. His Lordship received the blushing child with a fatherly kind- ness which it is hoped she may long live to remember. I ii! im \^i U6 in front of the WiiUhrop House, and overhanging the street, vas a large map of the United States and the Canadas, in tiie upper corners of which were interwoven the Union Jack- and the Stars and Stripes. On the map were these inscriptions : — Thk Canadas. (A pair of hands inter! oclced.) Al;d, The United States of America, From Ocean's Wave to Ocean's Wave. Perpetual Peace and Friendship. This was alirnst the hxst of the prominent decorations With which tlic buildings along the whole route of the procession hud been so liberally provided, and which contributed so materially to throw over the whole scene an air of gaiety and beauty, constituting its peculiar attraction. On reaching the foot of Park street, the procession turned into the Mall, and passed through the lon^ files of children extending the w'^ole length of the Malls on Park, Beacon and Charles streets, to the Boylston street gate, where it passed out and was dismissed. Through the efficient and cheerful co-operation of the mas- ters and i)upils of the schools, the arrangements of the Com- mittee of the School Board were carried out with eminent success ; and a delegation of about five thousand pupils of both sexes were presented to the view of the guests of the city, as the representatives of nearly twenty-five thousand in the Public Schools of Boston. The appearance of this array of intelligent and happy boys and girls, extending more than a mile, could not fail to make, upon every reflecting mind, a deep and most delightful impression. Here, by the pupils of her Free Schools, was represented the chief glory of the city. Here were some of the fruits of that system which, from the earliest period of her settlement, has ever been, as now, the chief object of her fostering care ; which has given to her enterprise and industry, success and prosperity, and crowned her with a 127 ii.amp, of which shti nip.y well be proud. So long as this namo shall cniitiiiiio to bo rlpserved, and this u;l()ry ri'jjitly claimed, — so long may hor sons ropoat, in faitli and hope, tlio prayer engraved on the City's seal — " Sicit l*ATaiiiir3 SIT Del'8 nobis." The enthusiasm with which the distinguished guests of the city were received by this portion of the " Standing Army" of New England, excited, in a high degree, their surprise and wonder, and called from them frecpient and strong expressions of gratification at this peculiar and beau- tiful feature in their reception. To Lord Elgin and his Suite, and to the members of the United States' Government, as they passed through the line, offerings of ilowers were made by the young misses rcjire- senting the first classes of many of the schools ; while the boys, by their animated looks and hearty cheers, gave abun- dant testimony of the warmth of their feelings, and of the pleasiu'e they took in uniting their voices to the general welcome, and in offering their tokens of honor and respect to those whom their fathers had so cordially received. As her system of public instruction has ever been con- sidered as the foundation of the prosperity of the city, and as giving life, energy and direction to all the industrial pursuits of her people, there would seem to be a peculiar appropriateness in introducing, in this connection, some account of the exhibition, made by her artizans, of the pro- ducts of their labor and skill, — an exhibition which consti- tuted the most prominent, as well as the most attractive, feature of the procession. But of the character of the dis- play mention has already been made, though no notice was taken of the fact, which should not be overlooked, that only about ten days had elapsed from the time when it was decided that such a display should be made, and the preparations for it were begun, to the day when all things were in readiness for the procession. Had more time been taken, the beauty and variety of the exhibition — beautiful and varied as it was — would, probably, have been greatly increased. It will readily be conceived that any account which 1'2S should be drawn up during the march of the procosoioii,must bo exceedingly iniporroct ; juhI yet, ui)on sucli, cliiefly, is tlio following descii]»tiitu Ijascd. In the htu'ry and confusion incident to fnwli an occasion, many e\hihilions were but siiglitly noticed, and some not even mentioned. 'Vo supply these deficiencies, and to ensure, if possible, a full and accu- rate description, notice was given, through the public })apers, of the desire of the City Government that, in the ofiicial account of the Celebration, this feature of it should be l)rominently noticed, and inviting those interested to fur- nish all such information as they might j)osscss which would conduce to this end. In consetpience of this call, several valuable communications were received, which have aided much in giving fulness to the description; yet, with all these aids, and with all the etlbrt that has been made to render it in some measure worthy of the reality, it is still by no means such as the beauty and magnittide of the display — so honorable alike to the mechanics and the city — ^justly demanded. To those who were the delighted spectators of the " Pro- cession of Trades," the inadequacy of the following account will be readily apparent; to others, it may serve to convey some, though at best but a faint, idea of its most striking features. This Division o*" the procession consisted of r.bout fifty Sections, each represent'ng some particular branch of indus- try. The position of each Section in the line was deter- mined by lot, and many of them were under the direction of marshals of their own choice. The whole Division was under the direction of Granvillf Mears, Esq., Chief Marshal. Aids. Joseph M. Wight man, F.cderic W. Lincoln, Jr., J. W. Leavitt, John P. Ober, Jr., Aids. H. J. Richardson, F. W. Winship, J. W. Bradford. 120 At tlio Imnd of the "exposition'' of the Timlos wns a fino model, in plaster, of Stephenson's " Wounded Indian," borno on an appropriately decorated platfurtn ; after which fol- lowed, in tin order of the jirogranitne, as establisiied by lot, niannfactmei's of the following aaicles: STKKL THAI'S AM) WltCUOIlT IFiOX IIINOES. Fifteen dillercnt patterns of stocl traps, and as many varie- ties of wrought iron hinges, were shown by Mr. J. Watkins, of Roxbury. TUUN'KS, IIARNKSSKS AND SADnr/.'':UY, Mr. II. Cross, of this city, had a wagon filled with fine specimens of saddlery. Heavy festoons of white and red, from the top of his vehicle, had a pleasing effect. Mr. E. A. G. Ronlstono had a similar display. His wagon was draped with the American colors. A display from Mr. Baker's sad- dlery store, in Court street, was noticed as exceedingly neat and tasteful. nUONZR AND ORNAMKNTAL lUON AVOKK. In bronze and ornamental iron work, the specimens of Chase I'rothers & Co. attracted particular attention. In the front, the bronzed sleeping lions, which were most admirably designed, were much admired. Between and over these stood a silver eagle, with extended wings, grasping a golden globe in his talons. A rich and heavy roll of evergreens, with flowers inter wreathed, was suspended over them ; and, on an arch above, were the words — WE ARE NEIGDIJORS AND FRIENDS. Our national banner, and the red cross of St. George, floated above the whole. Amongst the various objects of interest, was a metallic cast of a Newfoundland dog. On the end of the wagon, was the motto — "I'AX KT AMICITIA IN PRRPETUO ! " HATTERS. The journeymen hatters made a fine display in a large wagon, (furnished by Gilson Co.'s, with boxes marked " San Francisco, California," " Phil- adelphia," «fcc. ; Plarnden's ; Kinsley 6^ Co.'s ; Thompson &- Co.'s Western Express, with boxes and bundles marked "Albany," "Buffalo," &c. ; Leonard's Worcester Express; 131 Longley &, Co.'s Eastern Express, with packages marked "Portland;" and Carpenter & Co.'s, and Hodgman & Co.'s, with wagons filled with freight for places on the Kennebec and Penobscot rivers. Harnden's Express displayed a banner, with tlie words — THE FIRST EXPRESS IN AMERICA; it having been established, in 1834, by the late William H. Harnden, Esq., the enterprising pioneer of the present system of Expresses. IRON riPES. The iron pipes, though not so attractive as the other parts of the array, were felt to represent no unimportant part of our industrial interests. CARRIAGE MAKERS. The carriage-makers of the city proper avoided a competi- tion with their neighbors, the craft being entirely represented by Messrs. Frye, Brainard and RowcU, of South Boston. The work exhibited was of a high order of excellence, and a band of hardy workmen spoke well for that part of the city. RIGGERS. The riggers were preceded by an open carriage, bearing Mr. Edward Carnes, the oldest master rigger in Boston. He bore a flag which was unfurled when Washington visited the city in 1789. Mr. James A. White, wiio has long been fa- vorably known wherever Boston canvas is spread to the wind, acted as marshal to the procession of athletic men which fol- lowed, assisted by Joseph I. McCIennan and Robert Smith, as aids. A fine model of a man-of-war, commanded by A. K. Bryer as Captain, aided by John Hammond, Samuel Myrick and Henry Lewis, as first, second and third mates, and drawn by five horses, accompanied them. MUSEUM. The Boston Museum gave the long line of people a chance " to see the elephant," attended by Malays. But as " good Avine needs no bush," the managers of the institution probably thought it unnecessary to show what they could do " upon a pinch." il "k'i i|.l! ** i!!, 132 BAKKUS. Two most substantial loads ot ilour from the East Boston Steam Mills followed, affording a striking illustration of the benefits to be derived from the completion of the lines of road on account of which the celebration was instituted. The first was a plain express wagon, with ten barrels of flour, and supporting a staff twelve feet long, surmounted with a plain gilt eagle and a white and buff banner, bearing the following inscription : — \Vj:3ti:ux Virginia Flour, via Ohio River, Great Lakes, Ogdexsburu axd Vermont Railroads. 772 BARRELS from ONE MILL — CONSIGNED :'0 Lyman Reed & Co., Boston. Distance of transportation, - - 1000 miles. TlmE of transportation, . - _ 12 DAYS. Freight per barrel $1.05 froji the Ohio River to Boston. On the reverse side was the following : " Extract from the First Report in relation to a Railroad from Boston to Ogdensburg, dated February 9, 1830 : — ' We consider Works of Internal Improvement of the utmost importance to the prosperity and permanency of the Union. We deem the subject of Railroads of vital importance. The Committee are of opinion that a Railroad to connect the Western Lakes "Nvith the Atlantic cannot be constructed on any location where it will afford more advantages to the inhabitants of New England and the Nation j^enerally, than from Boston, Mass., to Ogdensburg, Ni w York. Therefore, Resolved, That the public good requires vigorous and perse- vering efforts on the part of all intelligent and public-spirited individuals, until by the enterprise of individuals, the co-operation of State Legislatures, or the aid of the General Government, the survey and completion of a route is established for a National Railroad from the seaboard at Boston, through Lowell, Mass., Concord, in New Hampshire, rnd thence by the most convenient route through the valley of Onion River to Lake Champlain, and thence to the waters of Lake ( )ntario at Ogdensburg, New York. Lyman Reed, J E. P. Walton, [ Committee.' " S. Baldwin, ) 133 Following this banner was a *' Boston Truck," containing the usual load of twenty barrels of the same article, drawn by two horses, and with a white banner attached to it. on which was inscribed — Buchanan's Extka Flour, FUOM Wellsuurg, Western Virginia. The above was brought into the procession at the particular request of the Railroad Committee of the City Government, with a view to show some of the fruits already resulting from the new railroad communications Wx.li the Great West, to produce some evidence and some facts on the subject of transportation entirely unknown to many persons here and at the West, and to show in some degree what may be ex- pected hereafter. Closely following were machines for making crackers, which were in successful operation, and very pleasantly aston- ished the crowd by the neatness and expedition with which they performed their work. HASONS, CARPENTERS AND HOUSE PAINTEFd. The only display under this head was that made by Messrs. Baker, Perry & Co., No. 613 Washington street, who exhib- ited numerous specimens of their work, arranged on a plat- form, in the form of a building, 12 feet by 7, at each gable of which was a staff bearing the American flag. The roof of the house was formed of blinds ; the sides were made oi doors, blinds and sashes, of various forms, and of the finest workmanship and materials. Inside were seen bundles of stair balusters, a glazier's easel, and other like arti- cles — while two men weic actively at work, glazing sashes. The sashes, glazed with plate glass, were of cherry wood ; the doors and other articles of Eastern pine ; and all Averc admirable specimens of the perfection to which American machine work has been brought. I'.KLLOWS MAKERS Messrs. Holden & Barnum placed in the procession a mam- 134 moth pair of Lillie's patent double-acting Bellows, so con- structed that, at every stroke of the handle, it fills and dis- charges itself twice, giving at the same time great uniformity of blast. Upon this was the inscription — "A NEW WAY TO RAISK THE WIND." CAUIXET MAKERS, UPHOLSTERERS, PAriER MACIIE AND SCHOOL FURNITURE. The display in this department was really magnificent, and it is much to bo regretted that no materials for a fuller descrip- tion have been furnished. E. A. & G. T. Smallwood, corner of Beach and Lincoln streets, sent from their establishment beautiful specimens of Sofas and Chairs, some of which were finished and some un- finished. An arch, erected in the front part of the platform, was surmounted by a gilt eagle resting upon a globe. The carriage was drawn by four horses. Stephen Smith, No. 49 Cornhill, exhibited three splendid desks for ofxlces. Clerks were sitting at them, and were busily engaged Avith day-book and ledger. John Putnam, No. 404 Washington street, exhibiced one of his best black walnut spiral spring bedsteads. Bowler & Co., papier mache manufacturers. No. 8 Somer- set street, had in the procession a finely carved and highly finished book-case. The carriage on which it was borne had the motto, "PROTECTION TO MANUFACTURERS." J. J. Haley, Fulton street, exhibited a complete set of orna- mental chamber furniture, adorned with flower work, and representations of fountains and birds. This chamber set has been pronounced by good judges to be as beautiful as any ever exhibited in Boston. The carriage was tastefully trimmed with drapery and festoons of ever- green, and bore on the banner in front the motto — "there's no such word A3 CAN't." A. 11. Allen, No. 2 Dock square, had specimens of hi? parlor furniture, which made a most beautiful appearance. 1 35 In front was a set of windows, hung with the richest window drapery. A number of settees were exhibited from the establishment of W. O. Haskell, Mo. 66 Commercial street. The carriage on which they were borne had the motto, SIT AT EASE. There was a fine show of school furniture from the estab- lishment of J. L. Ross. The desks were arranged as nicely as though they v/ere in the school-room, and were occupied by twelve scholars and two teachers of the Hancock School. This carriage attracted great attention, and bore for a motto, "FUEE SCHOOLS — THE HOPE OF A FREE PEOPLE." COPPER PLATE PRINTERS. Messrs. E. H. Ball, No. 116, and Luther Stevens, No. 186 Washington street, placed in the procession a copperplate press, upon one side of which was a beautiful engraving of female figures, while above was inscribed the motto, " The Union, the Philadelphia Art-Union, and all Unions which promote the success of the Arts blending the Ornamental with the Useful." Upon the opposite side was one of the recently issudd copperplate engravings of Daniel Webster, over which was inscribed his memorable expression, "Liberty and Union, now and forever, one and inseparable." A wagon accom- panied the above, with a press in working order, from which was struck off some specimens of their work. The banner over this press bore the motto, "THE ILLUSTRATION' OF ALL THE ARTS." FIRE ENGINES. A finely finished and beautifully decorated fire engine from the celebrated establishment of Hunneman &:. Co., was placed in the procession, and attracted much attention. PRINTERS. C. C. p. Moody, of the old Dickinson establishment, had a printing press arranged on a large wagon, drawn by four horses, and with workmen upon it, busily engaged in striking otr hand-bills of the Oak Hall clothing warehouse. ■ i Mi I m 130 GeovGfG K. Snow, of the Pathfinder printint^ establishment, No. 5 Washington street, exliibited two Book and Newspaper Foldini,' ril m II! 150 more Spice in our Commerce," was from the City Coffee and Spice Mills of Stiles, Hurbs &, Hasselber^, No. 4 Liberty square, Boston. On the same wagon, a banner bore the in- scription — " Hon. Joseph Howe and the Colonial Railways,"' — in honor of the labors of Mr. Howe in furtherance of the great scheme by which the Colonies are to be united by a rail- road from Canada, through New Brunswick, into Nova Scotia. Jonathan Pierce exhibited, on a one horse car, various articles of pumps, blocks, and the like. A carriage, covered with millinery goods, and containing several girls at work, was furnished by L. S. Driggs, and was quite attractive in its appearance, though it may be doubted whether the inanimate portion of the lading received its due attention. In another carriage were exhibited numerous specimens of " Southern brogans," with several men at work making the like. J. Russell Spalding, Perfumer, Tremont row, exhibited a mammoth oval bottle, fourteen feet high, five feet broad, and three feet wide, — set off with a showy label. The clothes-drying machine of J. H. Evans, of Cambridge- port, as it moved along the line, attracted much notice. The last article in the Seventh Division was followed by a cavalcade. On reaching Charles street from the Common, the proces- sion Avas dismissed, and the guests of the City assembled at the State House, to move thence to the dinner, which had been spread under an extensive Pavilion. The Pavilion was erected on a level spot of the Common, nearly opposite West street, and immediately adjoining the Tremont street Mall, and its appearance, as it burst into view from this point, was peculiarly striking, and attracted great admiration. On a line extending from one end ot" the first, or original tent, to the other, were fastened a large number of small ensigns, signals, flags, and streamers, hand- somely and appropriately arranged. Conspicuous among the whole, were the Stars and Stripes of our own Flag, while flags q hung 151 the Cross of St. George, in honor of the occasion, was also spread to the breeze. On the three masts which supported the lent, Averc flying the respective flags of Great Britain and America. Of the second tent, or that which was subsequently added to the original, each corner was decorated with a handsome Ameri- cun llag. In the centre of the pavilion was flying a faded and ancient-looking standard, which fluttered proudly in the breeze, as if in contempt of its fresh but untried companions. At the northern end, facing Park street, over the en- trance, through which the procession passed to partake of the civic dinner, an arch was erected on which was the follow- ing motto : LITEUATUUE, SCIENCE, AND THE ARTS ; ENCOUKAGEMENT TO ALL. In the centre was represented an engine and cars in motion. Two handsome gilt stars decorated each side. After the erection of the first division of the tent, it had been ascertained that it was insufiicient to accommodate the vast crowd which would be assembled. It was therefore en- larged by the addition of ninety feet each way, making the whole dimensions of the tent 250 feet in length, and UO in breadth. This latter erection had more the appearance of a canvas building — the canvas being fastened on frame work, — than the former, and was not so fully decorated on the ex- terior. This defect of uniformity could not be remedied on account of the want of time. The Avhole, however, presented a most beautiful appearance, and from all quarters, the '^now Avhite canvas of the immense pavilion contrasted strongly with the hundred gaily-colored banners which fluttered in the breeze. The interior of the pavilion was profusely decorated with flags and many-colored bunting. From the immense roof hung the flags of all nations, appropriately interspersed and arranged. Large maps of Boston and of the different rail- road routes were also fastened so that they were flat, or nearly so, upon the roof. The flags were so arranged, that, for the whole length of the tent, upon each 3ide of the beams which supported the centre of the canvas, there was a i !; •! n m m 152 I ro:v of the largest, while immediately behind were displayed smaller ensigns. The insignia of nearly every nation in the world were seen in the vast array of gay pennants which lined the roof of the pavilion. Among them, from their size and beauty, were particularly noticeable the banners of Sweden, China, Belgium, Poland, Mexico and France, v/hilo the •' Meteor Flag of England " was visible in the most i)romi- nent and honorable positions. Between the beams which supported the centre of the canvas, the whole lergth of the tent was hung in festoons, alter.iatin^ in colors of red, white and I'.ie streamers, pennants and ensigns of all descriptions. The head of the iables was situated at the souHi end of tli;. Pavilion, towards tiic Public Ciarden, and not at the north as was at first intended. Immediately over the seat of the President great taste was displa^^^ed in tlic designs and decor- ations which were put i\['. On the canvas roof above his head, were two very large ..jgs of England and the United States, the I'ormer on the right. On an arch behind his scat was the motto : ENCAND AXO AMERICA — PEUPETUAL PEACE; THE QUEEN AXD TUE PRt.3IDENT. From the base of the arch avpiC draped in a beautiful manner, the Hags cf the two nations, while the back ground was formed of an American ensign. Immediately between the first two flags was a golden eagle, witli wings outspread, in a protecting attitude, supporting in his talons the palladium of liberty, and an olive branch, the emblem of peace. The whole was veiy prettily decorated with evergreens. On each side of the centre of the tdb'es, small evergreen trees were fastened to every post, between which were paint- iiii2;s, lithogra])hs, and engravings of all descr'ptions, and of various qualities, representing manne views, railway views, maps, charts, and the ^.ike. Proruinent among others, was noticed a fine lithograph print of the S. S. Lewis. Opposite the arch over the scat of the President, in the middle of tent, was another arch with the following motto : 153 isplaycd u ill the ^ which lieir size uiors of e, wb.ilc it i)ronii- ■> whicli li of the d, wliilc •iptions. 1(1 of tllo north as t of the id decoi- bove his e United 1 his scat EEN AXD beautiful he back nediatcly le, with g in his nch, the ecorated ivergrec n ;ie paint- is, and of ly views, leis, was it, in the motto : TIIOU SHALT LOVE THY NETC.HHOR AS THYSELF: TORONTO, COBOUUO. MOXTREAL, HAMILTON, QUKUEC, HOSTON. HONOR TO THOSE WHO HAVE BROUGHT US TOGETHER. In the centre of this was a design representing the telegraph wires, and a train of cars in motion. Below, was a maritime view, representing a ship under full sail. The whole was handsomely trimmed with evergreen. At the entrance of the tent on the inside, on a direct line with the others, was an arch with the following inscription : THE UNITED STATES AND THE CANADAS : HARMONV, PROSPERITY, AND RECIPROCITY. In the centre of this were the American and British flags crossed, with two clasped hands — emblematic of the above motto, — decorated with evergreen. Farthe. down was an arch, with the following motto : AGRICULTURE, COMMERCE, AND MANUFACTURES — THE TRUE SOURCES OF OUR NATIONAL WEALTH. In the centre of this wa.> a marine view, with vessels under lull sail ; a city in the r'.istance ; in the foreground a steam- ship in the process of erection. On the arch, on the oppo- site side, was the following motto and design : RAILROAD JUBILEE, SEPT. 17tH, 18tH, 19tH, 1851. In the centre, a representation of a train of cars in full career, and a steamship ploughing the water. At the lower end of the tent was an arch, with this motto : COLUMBIA, THE LAND OP LIBERTY, THE HOME OF ALL NATIONS. In the centre, were the British and American tiags, crossed ; clasped nands beneath ; a lion on one side, and a shield on th'j other. On the opposite side was an arch, with the following in- scription : MERCANTILE ENTERPRISE ; RAILROADS AND TELEGRAPHS. BOSTON FROM 1630 TO 1851. In the centre and in the back-ground, a representation of a st(!amer advancing ; the old pine tree on the left, and a train of cars in motion on the right. 20 154 The whole of these arches were very prettily -lecoratod with everirrccn, or Icstoon I with streamers and fUiu's, and added nmcli to the bounty of the scene. The arranLretnent of the tables was most excellent. Ex- tending entirely aronnd the tent, Avith spaces at the two entrances, was a table for the more distint^uished crnests, on a raised dais, handsomely carpeted. Directly opposite the main entrance, and at the other (the south-westerly) end of the pavilion, was the head of the table, runninij; porpondicu- larly to which were ten tables, extending through the whole length of the tent. \\\ the centre of the side next West street, was another entrance, opening into a broad passage- way running at right angles with tho aisles which separated the tables. The effect of this TOry convenient arrangement, as the main entrance was reached, was extremely fine, as, at a glance, the plan of the Avhole was obvious. The tables were capable of comfortably accommodating thirty-six hundred persons, and, as well as the scats, were covered with white linen and supplied with the best of re- freshments and eatables, in abundance. The viands con- sisted of cold roasted and boiled fowls, cold roast beef, ham, tongues, oyster pie, lobster salad, and the like, very neatly served, and garnished with pastry, fruit, and flowers, arrayed most invitingly. A fragrant little bouquet graced each tum- bler, and larger ones, in elegant vases, adorned the tables at regular intervals. The tent was erected under the supervision of Col. N. A. Thompson, of the City Committee, and was decorated by M". William Beals. The dinner was under the immediate direction of Mr. J. B. Smith, and did him much credit. At about half past three, the procession reached the tent, and, with great quietness and order, the whole immense area was filled in less than twenty minutes. Mr. Mayor Bigelow took his seat in the centre of the dais; on his right sat Mr. President Fillmore, and on his left Lord Elgin. On the right of the President, were seated the Hon. Messrs. Stuart and Conrad, of his Cabinet ; and on the left of Lord Elgin, sat the Hon. Mr. Crampton, the British Charge lOi) de' Aflhires at Washington, in the absence of Sir Henry L. Buhvur. Taking the platfcrm Avnstward, were noticed Mr. JJrinloy, President of the Council ; the Hon. Colonel Ikuce, the Hon. Francis Hincks, Inspector-General of the Uanauas ; Lord Mark Kerr, the Hon, Mr. Waldegrave, the Hon. Mr. Price, Commissioner of Crown Lands ; the Hon. Mr. Taclii', Receiver General ; the Hon Mr. Bourret, Chief Commissioner of Public Works ; Sir Allan N. McXab, M. P. P. ; the Hon. W. B. Robinson, M. P. P. ; Mr. Solicitor General McDonald, of Canada ; Ex-Ciovernor Paine, of Vermont ; the Hon. H. H. Killaly, Assistant Commissioner of Public Works, of Canada ; the Hon. Edward Everett, the Hon. Jo- siah Uuincy, Sen. ; His Honor John G. Bowes, Mayor of Toronto ; G. Duggan, Jr., Esq., Recorder of Toronto ; Rev. E. Ryerson, I). U., Chief Superintendent of Education in Canada West ; Capt. Robinson, R. N. : Rear Admiral Owen, R. N. ; Col. Hemery, Jersey, England ; the Hon. Josiah Q,uin- cy, Jr.; Major G^-'eral Edmands and StatT; Stuart Chis- holm, M. D., Senior Surgeon of the Royal Regiment of Artillery; Lieut. Arcl ibald Chisholm, liid Royal Highland- ers ; the Rev. A. *)igby Campbell, of Trinity Church, Montreal ; Capt. Harding, Capt. Webber and Capt. New- man ; Lieut. W. A. Bartlett, U. S. .\. ; Capt. Nye, of the 20th Reg. of the British Army ; Mr. Wm. G. Thompson, olth Reg. ; Mr. Hughes, of the U. M. Department ; Drs. Rutherford and Barrett, of the Medical Stalf ; Dr. Lowber, of the U. S. Navy; Capt. Marjory, of the 54th Reg. ; Dr. Wright, of the U. S. Navy ; Capt. Jones, of the 54th Reg. ; Dep. Asst. Com. Gen. Webb ; Capt. Stevens, 20th Reg. ; Mr. J. R. Pilkinton, Royal Engineers ; Capts. Sweedenham and Swan, of the 54th Reg. ; John Egan, Esq., M. P. P. ; Mr. John Ferrie, Hamilton, C. W. ; Mr. W. Gillespie, Capt. Percival, U. S. N. ; Mr. Robert Maitland, of Toronto ; Mr. Thomas Davidson, of Toronto ; Edmund A. Grattan, Esq., H. B. M. Consul for Massachusetts, and S. S. Lewis, Esq., of this City. On the eastern wing of the platform, on the right of the members of the U. S. Cabinet, were seen His Excellency, ■1 f sit till :'y m 150 Gov. notitwell ; Liout. Col. H. A. Williams, (Jovornor's Aid; Maj. Shonimii, II. S. A., of Fort Admiis; lion. William U. Lawrence, Acting (Jovornor ot" Rhode Island; (Jen. I'itinaii, ol' Rhode Island ; Messrs. Aldermen Rogers, Hriggs, Ilolhroolc, Grant, Kimball, Munroe, Clark and Smith ; Rev. Dr. Higelow, of Boston ; the Hon. John 1'. Hale, Senator in Congress from New Hampshire; the Hon. Joseph Grinnell ; the Hon. AI(!X- ander Stewart, Master of the Rolls of Nova Scotia ; the llcii. J. H. Dnncan, and the Hon. Uenj. Thompson, Rejjs. in Con- gress from Massachusetts; the Hon. Joseph Howe, Provincial Sec. of Nova Scotia; the Hon. P. H. Moore, member of the Legislative Council of the Canadas ; the Hon. William Y^oun^, Speaker of the N. S. House of Assembly ; the Hon. Col. Gugy, M. P. P. ; Oliver Hertlielot, Es(i., of Montreal ; Mr. Sherilf Thomas, of the counties of Wentworth and Haltou ; Mr. Sheriff Smith, of the county of Simcoo, on Lake Huron ; and James Stewart, Es(i., of Halifax. The aspect of the vast assembly, when the tables were filled, was beyond description striking. There Ava a vast sea of human brotherhood under a firmament of Hags ; and in tliat, were many distinguished personages of both hem- ispheres. The assembled thousands having at last been seated, which, though not a thing to be accomplished at once, was done in a most orderly manner ; The Rev. Andrew Bigelow, D.D., (Chaplain of the Day,) rose and, in the following Avords, invoked the Divine bless- ing : (}od our Father ; Giver of life, and Parent of all <^im\ ! Thou hast nourished and brought us \\\) — hast fed us with thy bountiful hand — and vouchsafed to us all our capacities for improvement and happiness. Great has been thy favor to the people of this land. Peace and plenty, the sources of personal and national prosperity, civil liberty, the lights of knowledge, the means of moral and relig- ious instruction thou hast abunc^ntly provided and opened up. Blessings in profusion tliou hast showered upon us ; blessings in the city and in the field ; blessings in our basket and in our store ; blessings in the fruits of the ground, and the treasures drawn 157 from tlio son and tlio sands. Tlioso thy morcios proportional »ly (Miliaiico our rospoiisibilltics. ^Jiiy tlioy bo duly pondered mid lii'd. Let not o\ir lioarts Ito lifted up to a foi-;^etfuliies.s of JJut wlicro success follows ujjon the work of ur hands, on the sweat of our brows, or the travail of our souls, may tho )iniise and honor bo rendered to Thee who giveth life and health and In-eath and all things — tho strength to toil, tho skill to plan, and moans to execute. Continue to us, we entreat thee, thy benignant smiles. Sanc- tify our privileges. ]Jless every useful industrial pm-suit prose- cuted among us. Multi[>ly the commercial, and strengthen tho friendly aiid social ties which knit us to our fellow kind. And do thou, () Father, who hast made of one blood all the nations of the earth, imitc them in one great family. Teach them to bo lovers of concord. May they drink of the spirit of a conmion Lord and Saviour. May rulers and people, princes and subjects alike bow to t!r; sceptre of his grace. May they learn from him, along with the truth which sanctifies, the arts which conduce to humanity, to civilization and peace. May wars and fightings, cruelty and injustice, the lust of aggression and compiest, and every species of iron despotism over the bodies, the consciences and the souls of men, come to a speedy end. May the sons of violence and strife beat their swords into ploughshares, and their spears into pnuiing hooks. May animosities amongst nations, uncharita1)lcness betwixt sects, bitterness between man and man, every where cease. And may the Aviso and e([uitable, the be- nign and merciful principles of tho gospel of grace and truth, obtain an universal and perpetual prevalence. And now, Father, look down, we beseech thee, •with special favor upon us thy children, on the present occasion. Smile upon this vast assemblage, — and the purposes, so bright in promise, for which it has been gathered here, and within our city walls, at this season jubilant. May they bo crowned Avith joyful issues. Bless them who exercise rule — the Executive Head of our country, an 1 158 In about fifteen minutes after the commencement of the repast, His Honor the Mayor rose and said — I deeply regret to announce, that the President feels obliged to leave us, thus early in the feast, on his return to Washington, — the hour for the departure of the train having arrived. Let not, however, the misfortune of his withdrawal befal our assemblage befoi'e Ave proffer him our respects in the usual manner : [Aj)- plaust.] I propose — " The Health of the President of the United States." When the enthusiastic cheers, which this sentiment called forth, had subsided, the President rose and responded to the compliment as follows — Mr. Mayor and Fellow Citizens : In ackno'vledging the compliment Avhich you have paid to the high office which it is my fortune to hold, I rise rather fc the purpose of excusing myself than to make an address. You have been pleased to drink my health. I would that it Avcre as perfect on this occasion as it usually is ; but unfortunately for me, a slight indisposition within the last twenty-four hours has deprived me of the pleasure I should have enjoyed this day in participating in your exercises ; and I am now incapable of par- taking of the tempting viands under which your miles of table groan. Indeed I am scarcely able to enjoy " the feast of reason and the flow of soul." And more than all this, I am compelled by imperious circumstances to leave you thus early in the ban- quet, because I feel that my public duties require that I should be at W^ashington with the utmost possible despatch. I have stolen from the ho) rs that were, perhaps, due to ;:he Nation a brief space to meet my fellow citizens of Boston. [Applause.] I meet you as citizens of Boston. On this festive occasion we know no party distinction. [Applause.] Nay, more, we scarcely know a na- tional distinction. [Great applause iind cheering.] There are gathered at this board the Briton and the American, living under different laws, but, thank God, representing two of the freest na- tions under the sun. [Cheering.] The asperity that was engen- dered by the revolution which separated us from our mother country, I am happy to say, has long since disappeared, and we meet like brethren of the same family. Speaking the same language, and enjoying the same religion — are we not one? [Applause.] I trust. Fellow Citizens, that the unfortunate necessity which compels me to leave you thus early on this ccasion, will induce 159 no one to leave the table on my account. I trust particularly that his Lordship, the Governor General of Canada, ■will remain with you. [Applause.] I know that he, and those with whom he is associated, will receive from you, as they have already re- ceived, a most cordial greeting. [Applause.] Fellow Citizens ; — I cannot say more, but my heart is full. I had no conception of what I have witnessed to-day from my win- dow. I thought, when I entered your city, that I saw Boston in all its glory. I knew that it had its " merchant princes," but I did not know until to-day, that it had its mechanic noblemen of nature. [Great applause and cheering.] But, Fellov/ Citizens, pardon me, and pennit me to bid you adieu. I can assure you that this joyous occasion will be remem- bered by me, and that, to the latest hour of my life, I shall look back upon it with delight. May our glorious IJnion, which sheds its inestimable blessings over twenty-five millions of happy people, continue until time shall be no more. [Nine cheers.] As soon as silence was restored, Lord Elgin rose and said — One single word. [Three cheers.] I should have felt it my bounden duty to follow the President of the United States out of this room, if he had not interposed to prevent me from doing so. But I do not forget that while I am on the territory of the United States, I am under his authority. [xVpplause.] As, therefore, he has imposed upon me liis commands to remain with you, most certainly I shall remain. [Applause.] And I must say that I never received an order, Avhich more completely jumped with my o\Yn wishes. [Laughter and applause.] The President, after having cordially shaken hands with Lord Elgin,* the Mayor and others, left the Pavilion ; when the Hon. A. H. H. Stewart, having been called upon, replied briefly as follows — Gentlemen, — I have no time to respond to your flattering call for a speech. The President has told you that the hour for our departure has come. 1 can only speak with the manly frankness of a true Virginian, and say, God bless Massachusetts ! God bless New England I God bless you all I [Applause.] * As the Prcsidont hold Lord Elgin's Iiand for a considerable time, across the breast of the mayor (whose position intervened,) the cheers of the conipany were deafening and prolonged, — seemingly ratifying the cordial relations, so indicated, us existing between the kindred nations, and recognizing Boston as furnishing a new bond of mutual goodwill. II I ^i Mi 'I y iGO A like call was made upon the Hon. Charles M. Conrad, to which he responded as follows — Gentlemen, — I am summoned to depart, otherwise I should have taken great pleasure in addressing a few remarks to you, on this, one of the most agreeable moments of my life. I go away from Boston Avith the frank declaration — although I said a few days ago that I was not a stranger upon your soil — with the frank declaration that I have never before known what Boston was. [Applause.] I have never before known the heartiness, the cordiaUty, the warmth, of the true New England character. But the acquaintance, T have now had the happiness to make with it, satisfies me that it has not degenerated from that of the forefathers of the country. I regret exceedingly that I am compelled to take this unceremo- nious and abrupt departure, and to interrupt the flow of your festivity by so sudden a retreat ; but you know the necessity for it. The President awaits me, and I bid you farewell — I hope a short farewell, and that it will not be long before I shall have an opportunity to revisit Boston, and to pay my respects to her citizens, and especially to friends with whose public life I have long been acquainted, but whose acquaintance I have now formed in their private capacity, and at home. Gentlemen, I bid you farewell, and wish to all of you, all poss^ole prosperity and happi- ness. [Applause.] Messrs. Stuart and Conrad, then having taken a courte- ous leave of Lord Elgin, the Mayor and others, left the pavilion. The MayoR; — Lord Elgin says he is not afraid to shake hands even with our Secretary of War, [Laughter.] Due attention was then given to the more commonplace but equally obvious duties of the occasion, which had been entirely neglected during this episode, and a sufficient time was allowed to do justice to the really excellent repast which had been provided. The Mayor then arose, and introduced the more attractive and important part of the banciuet as follows — Gkntlejien, — This is a proud and memorable day for Boston. We commemo- rate the completion of works that cannot fail to enhance her wealth and greatness ; and the celebration is honored by an assemblage as truly noble as was ever convened for similar pur- 161 poses, in this or any other country. It is a vast gathering of the Anglo-Saxons (and those of other races Avho have united -with liiem) of North America. Tlic Chief Magistrate of the Anieri- ciin branch of tliat great family has come to the feast, and saluted his cliildren, — while the Governor (jeneral of Canada is here to speak for our kindred under British rule. The elder and the younger brothers are sitting at one common tabic. The meeting being thus held, under the apparent auspices of two mighty nations, with the ceremonies appropriate to their ob- ject, calls to mind, not unnaturally, the celebrated meeting of Henry of England and Francis of France, with their followers, upon the " Field of the Cloth of (lold." Splendid as was that pageant, the lustre of which is unsurpassed in the annals of pomp, yet in moral grandeur it does not compare with this less ambitious gathering. Tlott meeting Avas arranged for the purpose of consoli- clating alliances, and planning wars, for the personal aggrandize- ment of the high contracting parties, — " to shut the gates of mercy on mankind." Tliis meeting is held to celebrate the triumphs of the arts of Peace ; to rejoice in the result of enterprises which tend to cultivate good will among men, to promote their material inter- ests, and augment the sum of human happiness, Boston takes occasion, in this presence, to acknowledge, with lionest pride, that her founders were Britons. We claim, as New Englanders, that the history of the British people ,, until a compara- tively recent period, is our history, — that the poets, statesmen, philosophers, patriots, and warriors, — in a word, the myriads of the good and great, who for many centuries contributed to the happiness and glory of the British Isles, were the brethren, the fellow-countrymen of our ancestors. Indeed, when we hear it said that '• the sun never sets upon the dominions of Great Britain," we think of it with kindred interest, — principally, how- ever, in reference to a great moral fact, rather than the question of her mere territorial greatness. That colossal empire may crumble and fall in pieces : but the sun will never cease to shine upon regions, all round the globe, where principles or institutions derived from Britons or their American brethren, will exist and tiourish for the enlightenment and happiness of mankhid. These views, of the progress and position of our common race, lead to the consideration of the special purpos'",for which this goodly company is no^v• convened. !<■ is, that we may rejoice together upon the accomplishment of ^.^antic enterprises, uniting this city with Canada and the Great West, in social aiid business relations of the most auspicious character to all })arties concerned. The pledge that Boston gives that she haG the si)irit and ability to improve these new advantages, is a reference to the fact that she Itecamo a large and an important city, lo- ^ before she possessed fiuv facilities of intercourse with i\. ' -nov^ other than our com- ■;■ ij t ■\-' f; ifl 1 t 162 mon roads. 'I'lie sterile soil, the rugged surface, the stern cliinate, and deficiency of navigable streams in New England, Avould have seemod to render it improbable that it Avould ever be considerably peopled, or that any great commercial mart would arise within its borders. But the principles of civil and religious freedom, estab- lished by the Pilgrims and their successors, aided by the universal diifu?ion of education, gave rise to a spirit of intelligent industry, which overcame every obstacle to prosperity and wealth. Tlie region sneeringly stigmatized as having " no natural productions but granite and ice," now teems with three millions of the childroi of freedom, and its metropolis has long since ranked with the prom- inent cities of the globe. Recently, science and art, backed bv the accumulated wealth of two centuries of industrious thrift, have come to our aid, to relieve us from the natural isolation of our posi- tion. Hills have been cut in sunder, vallies have been filled up, and running waters have been spanned, to facilitate our communi- cation with every section of the land. Our iron pathways are our rivers, and they more than compensate for deficiency of natural channels. They follow the routes, and terminate at the exact points, indicated by our judgment or wishes. They allow of velocity of transit, of which no water courses admit ; they arc never frozen by the Avintcr's blast, nor is their passage dangerous in autumnal storms. And now, from the North and the iSoutli, from the East and the West, they roll down to us their precious argosies, laden with the products of a continent. A people who could achieve a distinguished mercantile position under r^ost dis- couraging and repelling circumstances, may be depended upon to avail themselves, to the full, of these, their new and ex^""aordinary advantages. I have alluded to our Puritan forefathers, and I should lic unworthy of the trust Avhich their descendants have coir .litted to ray bands, if I did not pay an affectionate tribute to their memory, on an occasion like this. Boston owes to them not only her exis- tence, but the principles and institutions Avhich have illustrated licr history, and given her a name and an eminent rank among tlie cities of the earth. Pioneers of modern emigration — virtual founders of an empire, — they sleep in their humble graves, by the hill-side or in the valley, with rarely a stone to mark their dwell- ings of rest. But Boston is their especial monument, and the influ- ence of their fives and actions pervades the world. It is true that the Pilgrims had errors of judgment and practice, which I will neither palliate nor deny ; but these Avere as spots on the sun. compared Avith their substantial virtues. It is true that they not unfrequently manifested an exclusive spirit, and exercised that persecuting intolerance in the Avllderness, Avhicli they had de- nounced, and fled from, in Europe. But even their most repellin;^; I 163 and objectionable points of character had, under God, a manifest influence in fulfilling his great designs. They prevented t'le pres- encn, or interference, of meddlesome adventurers, ^\•\\o had little gynipalh}' for the cause of civil and religious liberty, or impracti- cable enthusiasts, whose teachings and conduct practically tended to retard tlie growth and prosperity of " the Christian Common- wealth." In this connection, my Lord, [here the Mayor turned to the Earl of Elgin,] permit mo to borrow an illustration from tlie thistle, which is the national emblem of your own glorious old Scotland. Its flower opens to the light amidst thorns and briery foliage. But these are its safeguards ; they repel the intrusive hand of the spoiler, and enable it to bloom in beauty and hi peace. But I will no longer postpone the salutations, which Boston respectfully tenders, on this joyous occasion. To-morrow our festival will have terminated ; our tents of jubilee will be struck, and many of you will be far away on your return to your pleasant homes. But to-day you are our honoreu guests. I bid you welcome, rulers and ruled ; statesmen, scholar^, soldiers, far- mers, mechanics and merchants. Welcome ! ye from the banks of the Ottawa, the Chaudii're, the St. Lawrence, the Niagara, and the St. John. Welcome from the shores of Erie, Ontario, Hu- ron, Michigan and Superior. Welcome, from the borders of the Penobscot, Kennebec, Connecticut, Hudson, Delaware, Susque- hannah and Potomac, — the waters of the sunny South, and of the \'alley of the Mississippi and her tributaries. Welcome from every city, town and hamlet which is here represented. Welcome ! Englishmen, Scotchmen, Irishmen, Frenchmen, Germans and Americans. Welcome ! thrice welcome ! are you all, to the Pil- grim City, and the Pilgrim Feast ! This address was listened to with marked attention, and repeated bursts of applause. The allusion to the Thistle of Scotland was particularly well received. After a brief pause, the Mayor again arose and proposed the following sentiment : " The health of her Majesty, the Queen of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland." This toast was received with nine such cheers as would have made her Majesty, had she been present, forget that she was beyond the limits of her own dominions ; and the band struck up the tune " God save the dueen," as if to complete the illusion. Lord Elgin, in rising to respond to the sentiment, was mos* cordially greeted, and spoke as follows : ■Til ill III '■It UP »• liwi r. n en ■H i\ lilHHI [ 1 yH^Hi' ■■ ^^B i H In Wb !; III l^Hi m !■ , 1 1 1' ii ' |i ' (' 1 ' Bii ■ )l| 1 i 1' 11 m '1 li |J Wk I 164: Mr. Mayor and Gentlemen, — It is not very customary, with us, for any iudividual to take it upon himself to return thanks for the toast which you have just now so cordiah^-. so enthusiastically drank. I feel au additional ditficulty in rising to discharge that duty at this time, because I have at my left hand a gentleman who tills an impor^ >.nt diplomatic situation in this country, [alluding to the lion. Mr. Crauiptou] and from Avhom a response to this toast would come, perhaps, more ajipropriately than from myself. In obedience, however, to the call of His Honor, the ^layor. and in compliance, 1 believe, with the wishes of my friend on the left, I rise to express, in the name of all British subjects here present — for I feel that every one of thciii has an equal right with myself to answer this toast — Canadians, Englishmen, Scotchmen and Irishmen, — on behalf of all I bc;i; leave to express our cordial and hearty thanks for the manner in which this toast has been received bv you. Gentlemen, as I have the honor to address a company winch consists, in the greater part, of persons who live under diftbrent institutions from myself, perhaps I may be permitted to observe that we British sui)jects honor and respect our Queen, not only because of her exemplary character, her many public and private virtues, and the singular tact and firmness which has enabled her to secure the well-being of her own people, and to pronwte cor- diality and good will among the nations of the earth, but also because we recognize, in the constitutional and hereditary throne upon which she is seated, the symbol of our national unity, and the type of the continuity of our existence as a people. [Ap- plause.] Allow me. Gentlemen, as there seems to be in America some little misconception on these points, to observe, that we, monarch- ists though we be, enjoy the advantages of self-government, of popular elections, of deliberative assemblies, with their attendant blessings of caucuses, stump orators, lobbyings and log-rollings — [Laughter] — and I am not sure but we sometimes have a little pipe-laying — [Roriowed laughter] — almost, if not altogether, in equal perfection with yourselves. I must own. Gentlemen, that I was exceedingly amused the other day, when one of the gentle- men who did me the honor to visit me at Toronto, bearing the invi- tation of the Common Couiicil and the Corporation of the City of Boston, observed to me, with the utmost gravity, that he had been delighted to find, upon entering our Legislative Assembly at Toronto, that there was ([uite as much liberty of speech there as in any body of the kind ho had ever visited. [Laughter.] I could not help thinking that if my kind friend would only favor u^ with his company in Canada for a few weeks, we should bo able to 165 e manner iii merica some demonstrate, to his entire satisfaction, tliat tlic toni^uc is (|nitc as " unruly " a " member " on the north side of the line as or this side. [Renewed lau;^htcr.] Xow, Gentlemen, you must not expect it, for I have not the voice for it, and I cannot pretend to undertake to make a re,!j;uhir speech to you. I belong to a ])eo[)lo wlio arc notoriously slow of speech. [Laughter.] If any doubt ever existed on this point, it must have been set at rest by the verdict Avhich a high authority has recently pronounced. A distinguished American — a member of the Senate of the United States, who has lately boon in J''ng- land, informs his countrymen, on his return, that sadly backward as poor John Bull is in many things, in no one pai'ticular does ho make so lamentable a failure as when he trios his hand at ])ublic speaking. [Laughter.] Now, Gentlemen, deferring, as J. feel bound to do, to that high authority, and conscious that in no jiar- ticular do I more faithfully repi'esent my countrymen than in my stammering tongue and embarrassed utterance, [continued laugh- ter,] you may judge what my feelings are when I am asked to address an assembly like this, convened under the hospitable aus- pices of the Corporation of Boston, I believe to the tune of some four thousand, iu this State of Massachusetts, a State which is so famous for its orators and its statesmen, a State that can lioast of Franklins, and Adamses, and Everetts, and AVinthrops and Law- rences, and Sumners and Bigelows, and a host of other distin- guished men ; a State, moreover, which is the chosen home, if not the birthplace cf the illustrious Secretary of State of the American Union. [Api)lause.] But, Gentlemen, although I cannot make a speech to you, I must tell you, in the plain and homely way in which John Bull tries to express his feelings when his heart is full — that is to say, when they do not choke him and prevent his utterance altogether [sensation] — in that homely way I nuist express to you hoAv deeply grateful I and all Avho are with me [hear, hear,] feel for the kind and gratifying reception we have met with in the city of Boston. For myself, I may say that the citizens of Boston could not have conferred upon me a greater favor than that which they have conferred, in inviting me to this festival, and in thus enabling me not only to receive the hand of kindness which has been extended to me by the authorities of the city and of the State, but also giving me the opportunity, which I never had before, and perhaps may never have again, of paying my respects to the Presi- dent of the United States. [Applause.] And although it would ill become me, a stranger, to presume to eulogise the conduct or the services of President Fillmore, yet as a bystander, as an observer, and by no means an indifferent or careless observer, of your pro- gress and prosperity, I think I may venture to arlirm that it is the opinion of all impartial men that President Fillmore will occ.ipy i; H i I'rS 11 ill ■K I { B n I'tH 1 Rli ll ■ i«;6 an honoraMo place on the roll of illustrious men on whoni the mantle of Washington has fallen. [Applause and cheers.] Somebody must va-ite to the President, and toll him how that remark about him was received. [Laughter.] (jrentlemen : I have always felt a very deep interest in the pro- gress of the lines of railway communication, of Avhich we are now assembled to celebrate the complet'on The first railway that I ev,>r travelled upon in Nor' Amr ' v fr -ms part ot'the iron band "< ich now unites '*Ton ref.^ '-^^ . u. 1 had the pleasure, about five years ago, of travellin'!; ■ i.*; -i fi;i nd of mine, Avhom I see now present — Governor Paine -I i'l- :U a-v fn,r as Concord, upon that line. Ex-Gov. Paint;, of Averment — It was Franklin. Lord Elgin — He contradicts me ; he says it was not Concord, but Franklin ; but I Avill make a statemcni which I am sure he will not contradict ; it is this — that although we travelled together two or three days — after leaving the cars, over bad roads, and in all sorts of ((ucer conveyances, we never reached a place which we could with any propriety have christened Discord. [Laughter and applause.] But, Gentlemen, although I take a deep interest in these lines, I must tell you, because I never wish to sail under false colors, that the interest which I take in them is not exclusive : for I am free to confess that there are other lines, some in progress and some prospective, which are destined to connect Canada with the Ocean, in Avhich I feel an interest not less livelv. But I come here to express my sense of the great obligation Avhich the trading interests of America generally, those of Canada included, owe to the citizens of Bostor , for their liberality and enterprise, not only because they have opened new channels of trade, but also because by their great outlay in these works, as stated by the Mayor, and by the satisfactory results of th'ise outlays, they have shown how materially the settlement of a ncAv country may be advanced, how greatly the value of property may be in- creased, and how largely the aggregate wealth of the community may be augmented by expenditures of this kind, when judiciously conducted. I think that from your example we Canadians will return home, certainly not "sadder," but "wiser" men than we came here. [Applause.] There was, also, allow me to say it, another reason for my coming here at this time. I wanted to show by my presence here, that I appreciate and value the moral and social, as well as the economical effects of these increased facilities of intercourse. By coming here over your lines, to tender to you the hand of good fellowshii), I wanted to shoAv that I was aware that your lines are made for the transport of men and women, as well as for the cai riage of bales of goods and barrels of flour ; nor can I forget 167 that the year '.i which I thus come to tender to you the hand of ispod fellowsh", is Hkely to be a niemf lable year in the history of oiir species; — r,at it is a yen* ia wliicli a new phin'-t has heen added to our so ,ir system ; . j.Ianet, which lias heev, vsitli siniiu- lar felicity a i singular appropr.jteness, christened Irene, the planet of reju... [Applause.] And f's I 1 ave touched up<>n tV point, allow me to add, that 1 have felt most deei)l_y the kind terms in which England has been alluded to by all whom I have met since I entered the territory of tlie United States. [Applause, and cries of hear, hear.] I cannot say that I feel surprised when 1 hear Americans speak in the Avay in which his Honor the M -or has spoken of Kngland ; but I own that I am surprised, that ' am grieved, that J am, if you will allow the expression, shocked, when I hear, as I some- times do, though much more rarely noAV than was the case some years ago, language of a very diiFerent kind employed by Ameri- cans when s))eaking of England. I remember that the code of an illustrious laAv-giver of an ancient Grecian Uepublic Avas famous, because, although it contained a vast mmiber of special provisions a d details, relating to all sorts of crimes, it afiixed no specific penalty to the crime of parricide. It Avas perfectly Avell knoAvn liOAvever, that the omission did not arise from any doubt as to Avhether or not parricide was a crime. And in the same Avay, although perchance it may be a casus omis.siis in the criminal codes of your great Republic, I trust that no true hearted Amer- ican thinks that he can, Avithout being sadly Avanting in self-respect, speak ungenerously or disparagingly of his old grandniother on the other side of the Atlantic. [Applause.] Sir, it is impossible to live as long as I have done in America, Avithout entering A'ery keenly into the feelings of pride and grati- fication Avith Avhich Americans, and Canadians too, talk of their country. It is AvonderfuUy progressing, and has Avonderful re- sources. But Avhen I hear these blessings referred to in language Avhich is somcAvhat disparaging, as respects other countries less advantageously situated, 1 am reminded of an eloquent i)assage in the Avritings of an clo(|nent friend of mine noAV no more, the lato Dr. Chalmers, in Avliich he refers to the simultaneous discovery of the telescope and the microscope — and, in his gorgeous and em- phatic language, dilates upon the light shed by each in its respec- tive sphere upon the beneficence, the Avisdom, and the power of the Almighty. 1 am tempted, I say, to address a speaker Avho indulges :n the lan^^age I have described in some such terms as these : " Sir, AA-hen you hav'c satisfied your gaze by contemplating the magnificent scene spread out before you ; Avhen, Avith the aid of the telescope, you have scanned those mighty prairies Avhich the ploughshire has not yet broken : when you have cast your eye m ■.t:r; 168 over tliose boundless forests which tlie axe has not yet touched ; when you have surveyed those extensive territories unih'Hiiin liy vahuiblo mineral fields, which the cupidity of man has not vet ritled; when you have done all this to yom- heart's content, just lay your telescope aside, and take this little microscope from me. I will show you a little Island far hidden behind that eastern wave ; an island so diminutive that you mi;.i;ht take it up bodily, and toss it into the lakes which lie between the C'anadas and the United States, without filling them up ; but which, nevertheless, as my friend, the Mayor, has pointed out, was the source from whence came forth the valor and the might which laid on this continent the foundations of Empire, — [Applause,] — from whence came also the Avisdom and moderation, the happy coml)ination of a love of liberty with a respect for order and law, in the absence of which, permit mo to say it, you can liave no sufficient security that Emi)iro will \)YO\c enduring. Xow, gentlemen, before I take my seat, — permit mc to close, — [C'ries of " go on."] why, Gentlemen, it nmst bo the air of ]3oston, for 1 never made so long a speech before in my life. [Laughter.] 1 will now offer you as a sentiment — " Prosperity to the trade and the city of Boston." No one, I am sure, will question the sincerity with which T propose this toast ; for most assuredly, if I did not wish well to the trade and the city of ]>oston, I should not be here now. It may be, that some of those western towns, which spring up in a niglit, and jtass in the twinkling of an eye from small villages to mighty cities, may, as respects population merely, have advanced more rapidly than Boston ; but there is a stability and a solidity about Boston, Avhich I must say is agreeable to ?.:: old countryman like myself. I SCO buildings in ]joston, which look as if intended not only for the owners, but for their sons, and their sons' sons to live in, after they are dead and gone. I know it has been the practice to say, that a Yankee would not be satisfied with Paradise, if there was any place farther west to which he could go. [Laugh- ter.] But I think it is very clear, that a good many genuine Yankees have found Boston an exceedingly proper place for a permanent location, although it happens to be one of the most easterly })oints of the continent. As to the citizens of Boston, I shall not attempt to detail their merits, for their name is Legion ; but there is one merit, which r do not like to i)ass unnoticed, because they always seem to have possessed it in the highest perfection. It is the virtue of courage. Upon looking very accurately into history, I find one occasion, and one only u})ou which it appears to me that their courage entirely failed them. I see a great many military men pre';,v;n*. l()i) • couraf'e and T Jiiii afi-;ii(l that they will call mo to account for this olisorva- tiuii ; [I;ui.i:;htcr.] — luul what do you think that occiidiou was '.'' I 'iiul, I'roi.i the most authentic records, that the citizens of JJostou were iilti);j;cthcr canied away by jjanic when it was first iiroposed to ])uild a railroad from Boston to I'rovidence, under the apprehcn- .siuu that they themselves, their wives and their children, their stores and their ^oods, and all they possessed, would bo swallowed up bodily by New York. [Lauj^hter.] [ hope that Boston has wholly recovered from that panic. I tliiidv it is some evidence of it, tliat she has laid out fifty millions in railways since that time. I bo;^ leavo to ofler the sentiment [ proposed a ftnv minutes a^o, and to express my earnest hope that the city of Hoston may pass 0((ually unscathed throuifh all the difficulties she may have to encounter in her path of onward progress. I give you, (icntlomen, Prosperity to the trade and tho City of Boston. The toast was received with cheers, in which Lord Klgiii took the lead ; after which three tremendous cheers were spontaneously given by all the vast assembly for his lordship himself. The Mayor then rose and said : — Gentlemen, I give you as the next sentiment, " The Commonwealth of Massachusetts," and I have the honor to present to you His Excellency Gov- EUNOn BOUTWKLL. The Goveunor was received with cheers, and replied as follows : Mr. Mayoii and Gentlembn, — In what language shall I speak for Massachusetts ? How, on an occasion like this, can I utter Avith distinctness and power, as I desire to do, tho sentiments which I feel when a name so dear to all her sons is received with such ardor and enthusiasm, and by so largo an assemblage of men ; some of whom owe nothing to her except the satisfaction of observing in her annals some re- semblance to the country to which they belong. Massachusetts is not hero to-day to speak for herself. You have taken by the hand the citizens of her metropolis ; but her yeomen — from her hills, her mountains, and her valleys — are not here to speak to you. Iler citizens ui)Ou tho coast — those who " go down to tho sea in ships," — arc not here to reply to you. lUv mechanics you have seen to-day collected together in the streets of tho city, and Hit! 1^ 17(1 you liavo witnessed Hpccimeiia of their handiwork. I nm snn>, they desire that tlie kimlness which lla^! heanied iVom the i'ficcH ot" those yon have scon, and tho cordial sentiments of re;^ard which liave heen expressed by tiiosc Avhom you have met, may ho taken as expressive of tho sentiments of the State, ami of tho feclinf^s which exist in every hreast, amon;:; her citizens. They all desire to ^ivo a hearty wolcouio to our brethren from the other side of the line. Massachusetts welcomes you, Gentlemen. Peaci; is her motto, to-day, henceforth and forever. ^Vhy shoidd wo be Jcali»iis of our ancient enemy':' You will pardon me for alluding; to the fact tiiat our countries havo at times been enemies. Is it not true that we have a similar history, similar political ])nnciplos, and a similar destiny? Do we not bc^in to date the liberty of both coimtries from tho year 1"21') of our connnon era? It has boon well observed that no man could be an American statesman who did not t]iorou;i;hly understand the history of (Jioiit Britain. He who fails to understand the history of JJritain, fails to understand tho history of this country, or tho character of this fioople. We are a reproduction of the mother country — but on a ar;^e scale. Wo havo a more extensive territory. We have boundless prairies and far reaching views, Viliich uro strangers to her land. But there is here no cause for jcaloiu^y. Peace is the neces- sity of the age. (Jreat ]U'itain and America have together six millions of tons of shii)ping, and war is too expensive an amusement for either nation, and can be resorted to only in de- fenco of valued rights or great principles. You will allow me to express the sentiment of a modern English historian, who said ; — " In two centuries the name of England may be unknown, or ex- ist only in the shadow of ancient renown; but three hundred millions of pco))le in North America Avill be speaking its language, reading its authors, glorying in its descent." I havo alluded to our indebtedness to Great Britain for that history and literature which are the basis of our own ; and we arc continually receiving additions to our population, of men who will materially aid in the development of the physical, intellectual and moral character of the American Republic. The name and history of Great Britain deserve to be cherished next — pardon me if I say neai — to the name and fame of America, by every American citizen. [Cheers.] AVlicn the Governor had taken his seat, and the applause had subsided, the Mayor said: — 'Hio j-omarks, (iontlcmen, which you have listcnc;! to Aviili pleasure and respect from His Excellency, the Governoi', call io 171 miinl tlio extent and tlio nmonnt of tho infinenco exerted in con- triving^', cjin-yiu;^ out mid pcrfectin;; tho riiilroiid system of Massii- fliiisetts, l)y those iihle men who have preceded liim in the hi;^h oiKco which he adorns. No one, perhaps, lias exerted more of that inlhience than the illustrious individual who sits near mo on my ri<;lit, and whom I take pleasure in introducinfj; to you. 1 pre- sent to you, (ientlomcn, tho Hon. Kdward Kvcrett. Mr. Everett then arose, amid long contiiiued clieeriiig, and, after a sportive nlliisiou to his being called an Ex-Gov- crnor, spoke as follows : May it Plkase your Honor, — It is not easy for me to express to yon the admiration with Avhicli I have listened to tho very beautiful and appropriate speech with which his Excellency, the (Jovcrnor General of Canada, has just deliji;hted ns. You know, Sir, that tho truest and hij^hest art ia to conceal art ; and 1 could not but be reminded of that maxim, when I heard that gentleman, after beginning with disabling him- self, and cautioning us at the onset that lie was slow of H[)ccch, proceed to make one of the happiest, most appropriate and elo- (pient speeches ever uttered. If I were travelling with Ida lordship in his native mountains of Gael, 1 should say to him, in tiie language of tho natives of those regions, ,sma ahecn — very well, my lorut. Sir, as I have already said, it is not the material results of this roilroad system in wliich its luii)}»iest influences are seen. 1 recollect that seven or eight years ago there was a project to carry a railroad into the lake country in England — hito the heart I ■)■■ "': r M \\ \-\\' E'l 174 of Westmorland and Cumberland. IMr. Wordsworth, the lately deceased poet, a resident in the centre of this rei^ion, opposed the project. He thought that the retirement and seclusion of this delightful region would be disturbed by the panting of the loco- motive, and the cry of the steam whistle. If I am not mistaken, he published one or two sonnets in deprecation of the enterprise.* Mr. Wordsworth Avas a kind-hearted man, as well as a most dis- tinguished poet, but he Avas entirely mistaken, as it seems to me, in this matter. The quiet of a few spots may be disturbed ; but a hundred quiet spots are rendered accessible. The bustle of the station house may take the place of the Druidical silence of some shady dell; but, Gracious Heavens! Sir, how many of those verdant cathedral arches, entwined by the hand of God in our pathless woods, are opened to the grateful woi*ship of man by these means of communication ! [Cheers.] How little of rural beauty you lose, even in a country of com- paratively narrow dimensions like England — how less than little in a country so vast as this — by works of this description, You lose a little strip along the line of the road, which partially * The following are the Sonnets alluded to by Mr . Everett : — On the Projected Kendal ami Windermere nailinii/. Is there no nook of English ground ! of grovcfi, the f;iirniture of fields," within the reach, not of a score of luxurious, sauntering tourists, but of the great mass of the population, Avho have senses and tastes as keen as the keenest. You throw it open, Avith all its soothing and humanizing influences, to thousands -who, but for jour railways and steamers, would have lived and died witliout ever having breathed the life-giving air of the mountains ; — yes, Sir, to tens of thousands, who would have gone to their graves, and the sooner for the privation, without ever ha\ing caught a glimpse of the most magnificent and beautiful sjiectaclc which nature presents to the eye of man — that of a glorious combing wave, a (juarter of a mile long, as it comes swelling and breasting toward the shore, till its soft green ridge bursts into a crest of snow, and settles and dies along the whispering sands ! [Im- mense cheering.] But even this is nothing compared with the great social and moral efibcts of this system, a subject admirably treated, in many of its aspects, in a sermon by Dr. (Jannett, which has been kindly given to the public. All important also are its political effects in binding the States together as one family, and uniting us to our neighbors as brethren and kinsfolk, i do not know, Sir, [turning to Lord Elgin,] but in this way, from the kindly seeds which have been sown this week, in your visit to Boston, and that of the dis- tinguished gentlemen who have preceded and accompanied you, our children and grandchildren, as long as this great Anglo Saxon race shall occupy the continent, may reap a harvest worth all the cost which has devolved on this generation. [Cheers.] Mr. Everett having resumed his seat, the Mayor remarked, that — As the mind leverts to the infancy of the settlement of Boston, a wish is rationally felt to know what our stern progenitors would say, if permitted to witness the moral and physical changes, which have come over the scenes of their trials and triumphs. What, in special, would they think of such a festival as this, held within their sacred borders, Avhere are gathered, at the same table, Catliolics and Protestants of every sect ; monarchists and republicans ; nobles and commoners of the mother country, with representatives of every section of a continent, of which they knew nothing but a narrow margin? The wish is vain, — but, next to its gratification, wc have tlie comfort to know, that the Pilgrims arc represented ut this board, by a proxy, who is preemi- 11 ^:i I iU 1 1 ' I 1 i h • <■ I 1^ I ' M 17() nently able to speak for them, in the person of a lineal descendvmt of their ;^reat leader, — the Moses, Avho led them, acros.s the -wilder- ness of waters, to this home of their refuge. I jjrescnt to you the Honorable llobort Charles Winthrop, late Speaker of the Ilou^ic of llepresentativcs of the United States. Mr. Winthrop was most cordially received, and spoke as follows — I am deejtly sensible, Mr. Mayor, that the honors and com}'.ll- ments of this occasion belong to others. They belong, in the fii'st place, as uiy friend, Mr. Everett, has just suggested, to tlic distinguished and illustrious strangers of oar oavu country and (if oilier countries, who have adorned our festival Avith their i)rc3ence. [Warm applause.] And they belong, in the next place, to those of our own fellow citizens, of whom I see not a few around me, to whose far-seeing sagacity and persevering efforts and personal la1)ors we owe the gi-cat works v,hose completion Ave celebrate. [Cheers.] For myself, Sir, I have no pretension of either sort ; but T am all the more grattrul for the opportunity you luue afforded me of saying a few words, and for the l:ind and cordial manner in Avhich you have presented me to this assembly. Most heartily do I wish that I could say anything worthy of such a scene. !Most heartily do I wish that I could find expressions and illustrations in any degree commensurate to the vast and variutl theme which such an occasion suggests. And still more do 1 wish that I could find a voice capable of conveying, even to one- half of this countless and crowded audience, such poor phrases as 1 may be able to command. But voice, language and imagi- nation seem to falter and fail alike in any attempt to do justice to circumstances like the present. [Loud cheers.] Mr. Mayor, the very dates Avhich you have selected for yovu- three days' jubilee, would furnish material for a discourse which would occupy far more than all the daj light which is left us. The ITth, 18th and 19th days of September! How many of the most memorable events in our local, colonial and national history, are included in this brief period ! It Avas on one of these days, in the year 1G20, that the Pilgrim "Fathers of New England took their final departure from the mot'u'v couiitry, their last and tearful leave of Old England, and entered ' n *hat perilous ocean voyage, of more than thrc^e months' dur!i*;iop. which tcminated at Plvmouth rock! It v.'is on one oi' tiiese days, I jn years later, in iGoO, that tlio Pc'-'ta '/^aiKers of M.'assachuL,etts, Avith one of Avhom you have d(j;n.' me ihe Iimu >r to associufi me, first gave the name of Boston to tliC {(. r (ents '..nd huts and lOg cabins which thou made up our embryo cii' ! 177 It was on one of those same days, too, in 1787, that the "Patriot Father.s of Amovica sot their hands and seals, at Philadel- pliia, to that matcldess instrument of f^overnnient — tlu' Constitu- tion of the United Staten — which has hound this nation together for hotter or -^vorse — let me not say for hotter or -worse, hut for the host and higliest interests of our country and mankind — [Cheers] — in one inseparable and ever-blessed Union forever ! [Renewed cheers.] Nor, 'My. i\Iayor, is this eventful period in the calendar -witlidut associations and reminiscences of pride and glory, for our breth- ren •whom ^ve have welcomed from over the l)orders. It was, if I mistake not, on one of these same three September days, in the year 1759, tbat the proud fortress of (>|uebec was finally surren- dered to the Eritish forces — surrendered as the result of that meinorable conflict on the heights of Abraham, five or six days l)efore, in which the gallant Wolfe had expired in the blaze of liis fame, happy, (as ho said,) to have seen his country's arms victo- rious — and in which the not less gallant JMontcalm had lain down in the dust beside him, happy, too, (as he also said,) not to have seen the downfall of this last stronghold of the French power ou the North American continent. Nor is this a reminiscence. Sir, in which we of New England, and of Massachusetts particularly, have no part or heritage ; for, lot it not be forgotten, that Massachusetts, during that year, be- side.5 furnishing to the ]>ritish army her prescribed (piota of six or seven thousand men to fight the battles of a common Crown, at Louisburg, in Nova Scotia, and elsewhere, actually raised three hiuwired athlitional men, at the request of General Wolfe himself, who served as the very pioneers of that seemingly desperate assault upon <^!uebec. [Cheers.] Let it not be forgotten, either, that the Colonial Assembly of ^lassachusetts testified their admir- ation of Wolfe, and their sorrow for his loss, by voting a marble inonumenc to his memory. Tjut all tiiese, I am aware, are but the accidental coincidences o'' this occasion, We have assembled not to recall the past, but to rejoice in the present ; not to commemorate the early trials and exploits of our fathers, but the mature acliievements and proud successes of their sons. We come not to celebrate the triumphs of the fitrum or the battle-field, but the peaceful victories of science, of invention, and of tliose mechanic arts, so many of whose noble products, and nol)ler producers, we have seen in the splendid pageant of the day. [Loud applause.] And in whatG\'er aspect Ave contemplate these groat Inidiways of intercon^munication^ in whose construction and completion wo this day cxidt, vre find it dilficult to express and impossible to exaggerate, our sense of their magnitude and importance. Jt is for otliors, and upon other occasions, to speak of their influenco ^i ; I ' f J H IV^^^ 1 17b 'fl'i on our ir.ritcvlal i itorcsts, our commercial prosperity, and ov.v local a(lvanta,u;c.s. Y'our own intelugcnt and accomplished Committee of Avrango- meuts, indeed, have anti.^ipatcd all that could he said by an}' one, <"i any occasion, on this part of the subject. They have prepared a tabular representation (which I ain <^lad to see has been laid niion every plate) which tells in figures less deceptive or e(juivocal tlian tliose of rhetoi'ic, how much has been done in this way for Boston, for Massachusetts, for New England, for the country, for tlie wliolo unbounded continent, by the enterprise, industry, capital and skill of our citizens. Here, too, is a miniature map [holding it up] Avhich they liave furnished us, exhibiting our little Common- "wealth, as it really is, covered all ovor with railroad lines, as witli the countless fibres of a spider's web. I'hey tell us here of a liundred and twenty ])assenger trains, con'"aining no less than tw(dvc thousand ])ersons, shooting into our city, on a single, ordi- najy, average summer's day, with a regularity, punctuality ami ])recision, Avlnch. make it almost as safe to set our watches by a railroad v,-histle, as by the old South clock 1 [Laughter.] But, Sir, hy wLdt figures of rhetoric, or of aritlnuetic either, shall wc measure the influenco of those great improvements on our political condition, or on our social relations, domestic or foreign V Consider them for an instant, in connection with the extent of our own wide-spread Bcpvdjlic. By what other agency than that of railroads could a Representative Go\orumenfc like o\irs be ren- dered piacticable over so vast a territory V The necessarv limits of sucii a Government were justly defined by one of our earliest and wisest statesmen, to ].u. '.hose within v/hich the l^epresenta- tives of the People could be brought together with regularity ami certainty, as often as needful, to transact the public business. And )jy which do you think, sir, of tlie old-fashioned modes of transportation or travel — the stage-coach, the pack-saddle, or tlic long wagon, — or by which, even, of those (pieer conveyances which His Excellency the Governor General of Canada tells us be once shared with my friend Governor Paine, — coidd Delegates from California, or Utah or even from some of o'u less recent and less remote acquisitions, be brought to our sc. -ions of Congress at Washington, and carried back at stated intervals to consult the Avi.-'u'S of their constituents, within any reasonable or reliable time ? Mr. Mayor, in view of this and many other considerations, to Avjiich I may not take up further time by alluding, and which, in- deed, arc too familiar to require any allusion, I feel that it is m» exaggeration to say, that our Railroad system is an essential part of our Bepresentative system ; and that it has exerted an influence, second i)i importance to jio other that can lie named, material. i-ii^ r)(»litical, or iiKU'iil, in bindiii;^; to^^otlicr. in one iiidissoliiblo Itrotlior- liixjd, this viij^t iissociatiou of Ainoricau >«f;itc.s. k is lumily too niucli to add, that it seems to have 1)(!en Providentially prepared, as tlie great centripetal en,i.dnery, ^vhich is destined to overcome and neutralise forever those deplorable centriiii,n;al tendencies, v.hicli local differences, and peculiar institutions, and sectional jealousies, have too often engendered. [Marked applause.] Tiie President of the L nited States, in his admirable rei)lv to vour most ajtpropriate address, Sir, AvclconiinLi; him -witliin the lines of lioston, reminded lis that his illustrious predecessor, WaslmiLTton, occupied eleven days in travelling l)y express from Philadelphia, to the neighboring city of Cambridge, in one of the most critical emergencies of our local history. Let nic remind you, also, of a similar experience in the journeyings of another of his predeces- sors. In the recently published diaiy of our own John Adams, will be foun«l the following entry, dated at Middletown, Conn., on the 8th day of June, 17T1 : " Looking into the almanac I am startled. Supremo (^urt at Ipswicu is cue ISth day of June ; I thouglit it a week later, --')t]\ ; so that I have only next week to go home, one hundred and fifty miles. I must improve e\-ery moment. It is twenty- iive miles a day, if I ride every day next Aveek." John Adams startled, — and let me say that he was not of a com- |)loxiou to be very easily startled at anything, — at having only a week for going a hundred and fifty miles 1 Startled at the idea of being obliged to go l■wenty-fi^■e miles a day eyovy day for a week ! [Laughter,] While here, but a moment since, was his illustrious successor, who, having already travelled nearly live hundred miles in twenty-four hours, and having spent three or four days in iS'ewport and Boston, which ^\^e hope have been as delightful to him as they certainly have Ik'ou lo us, is now on his Avav l)aclc. and is about to reach ^Vasliington again before the week in which he left there is fairly at au end I And here, Mr. Mayor, I turn, in conclusion, to what to-day, at least, in the minds and hearts of ns all, is the great ciiarm of this modern miracle of rapid intcrcomuRUiication. It is tliai it enables us to see, to know, and to enjoy personal intercourse with the great, the good, the distinguished, the admired of our own land and of other lands. "We can take them by the hand, we can see their faces, we can hear their voices, ;;;id we can form ties of mutual respect and regard, whicli neither time nor distance may afterwards sever. 'fhere have l:)een those here to-day whom none of you will soon forget : and there is at least one of them to whom [ had pavtieulurly proposed to myself the pleasure of alhuling. 1 refer to the Secre- tary of the Interior, the llononble Alexander Stuart — [a))- [ilause] — a noble son of old Virginia, with whom in -"'thor yoai"S 0- I' '■[ ! "ill ■m :>f It- 180 I luive liccn assooluted in Cnn/jrvoss, and ^vhoni J am always pvoiid to call my iVit'iiil. Ho has already taken his leave of us, I^ir; but I am sure avo all desire to follow him witli our ^ood wishes, and to assure him that thou,L;;h out of sight ho is not out of mind. l*ut let me eongi-atidate the comi)any that Ave have another Alexander Jritewart still left at the tal)le — a distinguished sou ol' Nova Scotia — an eminent citizen of Halifax — a high functionary of the Provincial (Jovennneut — whom it has ]>eeu my good for- tune to have at my side during the last hour, and Avho is every Avay entitled to our highest consideration and respect. With a view of introducing him to the company, 1 propose, as a senti- ment, — '' J'rosperlty to ISTova Scotia and the city of Halifax, and the health of our disting\iished guest, the Hon. Alexander Stewart, the Master of the Rolls.'" [Applause.] To tliis sciitime:it the Tfoii. Mn. Stewart, having hceu |>ie- sentcd by the Mayor, responded by saying that he wished the state of his health woidd enable him to follow the eloquent frentlemeu who had preceded him in depicting the social, moral, and political residts of the system of railroads, the completion of which was celebrated this day. But since, unfortunately, that was not the case, he would cull upon one — an Advocate of Nova Scotia — whoso voice had been heard in the Canada: , and heard in England, and whom he was happy to have at hand, to stand in his place. This was understood to refer to the Hon. .!os^:ph IIowk, Provincial Secretary of Nova Scotia, who was immediately called on, and thus addressed the meetaig : xMr. M.ayor and Gentlemen, — At this late hour it would be unfair to trespass long upon your patience. With the voices of the clocpient speakers Avho have preceded me still cluu-miug the ear, how can I venture to address you at all? Though feeling the full force of the comparisons Avhich nuist l)e draAvn, and representing one of the smallest Pru\- iuces of the British Empire, I am reluctant to be altogether silent, lest it might be supposed that my countrymen do not appreciate your hospitality, or take an interest in the great works, the com- pletion of Avhich wo have met to celebrate. To me the occasion is full of interest, for 1 stand iiere, the son of a banished Loyalist, to rejoice with you iu the prosnerity of the city of Avhich niy fat'ier Avas a native. How many stirring p-assages of old colonial history have tlio scenes presented to my eye during the i)att Ibl thrco (lays vcvived I How stran'^cly has tlio past boon blended with the ]ii'(;seut, as T liuvo listcne(l to sentiments of mutual rospcet and triendshi]) l»reathed by the lenders of two j^ieat nations, sternly opposed in the olden time, but now rivals only in the .graces which embellish lite, or in the fields ofjirolitablc indus- try. As tlie son of a iJostonian, I eannot but rejoice, — whatever may be the distinctions of alle,i:'iance, the claims of country, or the luLih hopes of the future which we J>ritisli Americans cher- ish, — in the permanent prosperity and advancement of this city. }dr. .Mayor: I have looked on the _^reat pajroant of the day with extreme hiterest and care, have marked the thronged streets in which the citizens of Boston conduct their prolitalile com- laorce, ami obsoi've(l the praiseworthy evidences of the skill ami ingenuity of your mechanics. Jiut the sight which challenged the highest interest and admiration — which appealed to the iinest and must elevated feelings, -were the lines of life aiKl intelligenci^ pre- sented bv the voung Jjostonians Avho reiirescnted the fostering care of the Kree Schools of New England. I might have jiassed the other features of the cele])ration Avith comparative indifference, but when I saw those children, I was reminded of that (ierniau schoolmaster who declared that when he entered his schooli-ooni he always took off his hat, for there he met the future dignitaries of his land. 80 here, Sir, I saw the guarantee and the gage of the future ))rospcrity of this interesting State. The sight of those children, even more forcibly than the beaming faces which smiled from your balconies and windows as we ])assed, naturally called to mind those upon whose knees they had been nurtured, and led me to conclude that though we had seen this jiroud city in its holiday attire, and might, })erhai)S, see h in its working dress to-morrow, we could see nothing more interesting than the Free Schools which educate its children, and the beautiful and virt\ious mothers who nourish them in their ))osoms. Gentlemen : I speak to you as the descendant of a son o\: the old soil of ^lassachusetts — the reju-esentative of an oftshoot which has some of the virtues of the original stock, I hope that Massa- chusetts men Avill come to the Northern Provinces and note them. We British Americans who share with you, down to a certain period, the vicissitudes of a coumion history, and the treasures of a literature bc(pieathcd to us all — who have, since the revolution divided us, made for ourselves a noble country out of its wilderness, while we survey your prosperity Avithout ejivy, and cherish attach- ment to the parent state, have not forgotten the trials or the tradi- tions of a common ancestry. No\-a Scotia has adoj>ted the little '"Mayflower" as the em1)lem T;pon her escutcheon, and those who laid the foundations of her society, and^'uilt up her towns and sea- ports, Avere as proud of their Pilgrim st* i<;k as you are here. Though Halifax dates one Imndred and twentv-seveu a ears after Boston in •I ': !k 1 I "if i w ls-2 y>oiiit (irtiiii<' — tliouiih all that ourfatli'-rt^ toik-d for in that cci.tury ami a (luailiT, thev loft heliiiid thorn at the Jtovohit'uiii — still we iwe following ill your footsteps — omuioa.s, it nmy ho, but I think 1 may assuro you that throuirhout the Britisli Provincos on tho oontiticui thorc is now no Icclin;^; hut that of cortlialfrirutlshi]) towards those nohlo States. Wo desire to see you work out in poat.'o the hi^h des- tiny which your past achiovemonts and free institutions promise. At the same time, as the territory wo occupy is as liroad as yours — as broad as the Avhole continent of Kurope — watered by lakes as o\])ansivo as your own — drained by noble rivers — blessed with a healthy cliniatc and unbounded fertility — with iisheries and eom- iiiercial advautajies unrivalled, wo are content with our lot, and feel tliat the m\itual ]>ro3i)ority and success of both nations are to ho found in [leace, harmony, and brotherly love. I hope, iSir, fliat nr.my years will not pass a^ay before you are invited to a raih'oad celebration on iJritish soil, and this 1 promise you, — that ^vhen that day comes, even ii our Railroads should not be as long as yours, tho Festival shall bo as lon,ir, and the AveJcomo as cor- dial. In conelusinn, Sir, permit mo to make another allusion h> those who, if tliev are not hero, ou":ht to be "freshlv remem- bored ;*' for they have enlivened our visit by their marked beauty and fascinations. You have tried once or twice, I believe, to invade our frontiers. When next yon make the ;ittempt, let me ad\'ise you to put the Women of New England in front, and thou you will be sure to succeed. At tho conclusion of Mr. Howe's remnrks, which were rocoiv^ed with great applause, the Hon. Francis Hincks, lns[)ector General of Canada, having been called upon by the iMayor, arose and addressed the assembly as follows : Mil. ]\lAyoR, AND Citizens of Boston, — I rise to address you under great embarrassment, for I fear that tho elo'pient address of your illustrious guest, thelGovernor (ieu- eral of Canada, and the speech more recently delivered by my honorable friend who represents the Province of Nova Scotia ou this occasion, Avill indispose you to listen with patience to any remarks of mine. His Excellency tho Governor CJeneral has already given expression to the feelings of all your Canadian guests, Avho are most deeply grateful to you for your truly hos- pitable reception. On tlie part of my colleagues and myself, who have i-eccived special attention at your hands, I desire to say that Ave feel that those attentions have not been paid to us on account of our own deserts, but as a compliment to the Canadian people, and as the incumbents of oflice.H vrhich we can hold only so long as we enjoy their conlidcnce. I can assure you, Mr. Mayor and isn (ientlomcn, tliai tlio iiioniont that Ilioard tl-.at tills ccloliratlmi wan ountoiii])lato(l, I loresuw the ini|i(irtaiit results which "• 'koly t(» inlldw h. When 1 had the jiliMsuro ol" iiicotiii;^ hi i..../iit() tho (li'luUalinu whieh you wuro kind cnoii^'h to scud to invitt; \i,-(, and which was accoiupauiod hy my csteeuR'd friend, (iovonioi- ['ainc, I t'lM thoiii that if I were ahovo ;.'roiind I should he in i-oston on tIiolTfhccinhor. 1 reel, Mr. Mayor and (u'litloiucn, that it id ^'ood Ibr us to ho here, it is well tliat you, citizens oi' tho United States, should have had an ojntovtunity of witnessing' tho cnthusiasiu with which all classes of Her Majesty's IJritish Anieii- can suhjects resjxiiided to the sentiment ]a-oj)osed by the Mayor, "The Health of the <^>uecn."' You nmst l)o convinced that every IJritish suhjcct in this vast assein)ila,L'e is animated hy a sentiment of th'voted l')yalty and attachment to the person and _^ovcrnnient of that heh)ved Sovei'ei;^n. It is likewise well that you should have witnessed the enthusiastic rcce]ition {(wvn hy all classes of the Canadian people to Her Majesty's illustrious Jlepresentativo in one of the most important possessions of the Crown. Vou nuist he satisfied, y\v. Mayor and (jentlemen, that we are a hajipy and contented peo))le. We enjoy the hlessiuL^s of civil and reliiiious tVee(h>m under a Constitution Avhich, as Ave are pnmd to declare, is the very ima^e and transcript of that ,!:^iorious Constitution which our ancestors and your ancestors shed their blood ou the Held and on the scaffold to obtain. ])iflerin^;^ hi many imiiortant particulars from the wi-itten Constitutions of your States, there is yet this st"ikin,^' similarity between them. In our Provinces, as in tho States of the American Union, tho Covernment must be conducted in accordance with eidi^^htencd public opinion, which we ascertain l)y tlie votes of the reprcsentalives of the jieople. Jt is, Mr. Mayor and Centlcmen, well for us to be here, l)ecause we have much to learn from the jicople of ^.'ew England. Thcii" his- tory has not been a sealed book tons. We can admire, as well as vou can, the snirit which animated the I'lL^rim Fathers who landed on riymC'Uth ivock. Whatever opinions avc may entertain on political rpiestions, Ave have sufiicient ,u'eneroucen met to acknowledgo the national importance of the undertaking, he felt that neither his friends nor liimself had labored in vain. After some further remarks, Mr. (iuiNcv gave, alluding to the darkness of the Pavilion, — " The Canadians and Bostonians, — They may meet after sun- down and without candles, but can never again be in the dark as it respects the sentiments they entertain for one another. [Cheers and laughter.] After three cheers for the Ladies, given at the suggestion of Lord Elgin, the Mayor, intimating that, although it was dark within the pavilion, the City, Avithout, was blazing with illuminations and fireworks, put the question, " Shall tliis meeting now be dissolved?" This was carried netn. con., and the Mayor closed the ceremonies with these emphatic words, — " The meetnig is dissolved accordingly. Commonwealth of Massachusetts." God Save the Immediately on leaving the Pavilion, the President and iiis Suite, accompanied by Alderman Rogers, the State Commit- tee, Lieutenant Colonels Heard, Chapman and Needham, of the Governor's Staff, and Benjamin Stevens, Esq., Sergeant- at-Arms, took the cars for Fall River, where they arrived at 8 1-2 o'clock, and went on board the steamer Empire State, for Newport, 1S7 On taking leave of the President at Newport, Colonel Hkaud said, — Mk. President, — In conipliance "witli instructions from His Excellency, the (Jov- crnor of Alassachusetta, his military staft" will now take their leave of you. In doir.j^ so, permit me to say that the duty of the statt", in attending you to and from the capitol of the State, has been to them a most pleasant one, and they trust that the manner in which it has been discharged meets with your approval. To which the President replied as follows, — COLONFL, I feel deeply grateful to the Oovemor of Massachusetts for the kind attention and the many tokens of respect ho has been pleased to show me from the time I first entered the borders of your State. And to you, Gentlemen, I will say, that nothing has given me greater pleasure than the personal attention and gentlemanly kindness which I have received from the Governor's Staff. Gen. Wilson, Chairman of the Committee, then said — Mr. President, — Having accompanied you to the borders of the Commonwealth, we must now take our leave by bidding you farewell. In behalf of the Committee, and in the name of the Commonwealth, allow me to express to you the high gratification which your visit has conferred. I need not speak for the people ; they have spoken for themselves. I hope, Sir, that you and the members of your Cabinet who have accompanied you, have received pleasiu'e from this visit. I trust, Sir, you will return to the Capitol, with the assurance that the people of Massachusetts know no lines of lati- tude or of longitude, but that they embrace in their affections the whole country and all the people, of every race and condition. The President, in reply, said that his visit had been one of unalloyed enjoyment, lie had had no previous conception of Avhat he and his associates had witnessed. He rejoiced in the evidences of prosperity which had presented themselves to him, and he felt sure that the people loved the whole country, knowing no North, no South, no East, no West. He thanked the Com- mittee for the attention wliich he and his associates had received from them, and wished them prosperity and happiness. % U ;f I InR Tlio President, and the distinifuishcd ;j;entlcniGn who had accompanied him hither, then took leave of their escort, and proceeded on tlieir retnrn to Washinjjton. AUhouijh multitudes, in the city and its neighborhood, had been deprived, by the temporary indisposition of the Presi- dent and the necessity for his early departure, of the satis- faction of seeing and welcoming him on the last day of his visit, stiil his presence at Boston on this occasion was the source of the highest pleasure to her citizens. The impres- sions which his courteous, cordial and dignified manners, his undisguised enjoyment of the scenes ho witnessed, and the warm interest he manifested in the prosperity and welfare of the city, left upon the minds of her people, will not soon be effaced. Not only his eminent office entitled him to re- spect, but his own admirable qualities commanded the most cordial esteem. The people of Boston will long cherish the recollection of his visit, and the pleasant associations which connect his name with the festive scenes of the celebration. As night closed over the city — the last night of the Jubi- lee — and while thousands thronged the streets happy in the consciousness of pleasure given and received, and rejoicing that their most sanguine anticipations had been so fully real- ized, and that the connection of the City to the once remote Provinces of the North and distant regions of the West had already produced a gladsome harvest of kindly social inter- course and mutual regard ; the illuminations which had been prepared to illustrate this hoped for result, and as emblematic not only of present joy, but of bright hope for the future, one by one, irradiated the scene, and called forth the admira- tion of all. To describe the various and brilliant exhibitions of that kind, which were witnessed in many parts of the city, is of course impossible, but surli report.s, as are at hand, of particn- 189 lar displays will however bo ;^iven ; though porhaps theie were others, equally worthy of notice, the peculiar features of which cauuot now be asceriaiuetl. The Old State House, for many years the Capitol of the Province of Massachusetts, and now venerable for its age, was most brilliantly illuminated, as were also the l)uildings on each side of it, among which the " Journal " building was conspicuous ; so that the head of the street was as light as day. The City Hall was one blaze of light on both sides, and the situation of the builduig added greatly to the elFcctive- ness of the display. The Tremont House is especially worthy of notice for the extent and splendor of its illumination. The columns of the portico were like pillars of tlame. Two thousand lights were placed in the windows, besides which there were dazzling rosettes of gas in front. The exhibition called forth the warmest encomiums of thousands. The piano-forte manufactory of Hallett, Davis &. Co., No. 409 Washington street, rivalled the most brilliant displays in the city. More than six hundred and thirty lights were burning, while the architecture of the building, with its dark freestone front, served as a set-off, and added much to the magnificence of the sight. A continual flight of rockets, wheels, blue lights, and other pyrotechnics, were discharged from the front of the building. Comer's Initiatory Counting Room, at the corner of Wash- ington and School streets, was lighted up with more than one hundred and fifty lamps, which gave it a truly resplen- dent appearance. The beautiful facade of the American Plouse, in Hanover street, was radiant with the numerous and tastefully arranged lights which blazed at every window. Faneuil Hall, the time-honored " Cradle of Liberty," was also, on this joyous occasion, most brilliantly illuminated from its base to the cupola, and surrounded by crowds of de- lighted spectators, attracted thither as well by their interest 100 in the noMo old building itself, as by the beautiful sperrtaclo it presented amid the commingled blaze of a tliousand liirlits. Of th(i numerous displays which wert; made by the i)ul)lic spirit of individuals or companies, no one, perhaps, surpassed that which was exhibited by the IJoston Gas Jjight Co. on Washington street. In front of the office of this Company was seen the word "Union," in "letters of living light," supported by four vines, above all which blazed a single star of dazzling brilliancy. The simplicity and significance of the design, combined with the perfect success of its execu- tion, merited and received the hearty admiration of the throngs which lingered near. But before the eye had been wearied with the radiant, but now fading, beauty of the illuminations, it was anew delight- ed with the splendor of the fire works which were now blazing in all parts of the city. These coruscations, one after another, disappeared ; the multitudes reluctantly but quietly dispersed ; the sounds of festivity gradually died on the ear, and soon the silence of night reigned over the City. The Jubilee was at an end. l!)l C N C J. IJ S 1 N . It only remains, in ordor to bring the account of the cele- Ijiatiou to its conclusion, to notice a few of the events which uccuned on the succeeding day. And it may not be unworthy of remark that unlike the three preceding days, which were singularly beautiful, the morning of Saturday, Sept. 20th, was cloudy, and gave evi- dent tokens of an approaching storm. " How fortunate ! " Avas the exclamation that came unbidden from the lips of all, in view of the great disappointment so many would have felt, had the clouds gathered earlier. "Tristc lupus staliulis, maturis frugibus imbrcs, Arboribus vcnti," but quite as sad a thing and as much to be lamented would have been an equinoctial storm in the midst of the festivities of the Jubilee. Happy, indeed, was it, and gratefully to be remembered, that no such occurrence was permitted to de- range the preparations which had been made for the occasion ; but that, on the contrary, even the very elements of nature seemed to combine, to throw over the festive scenes all the glories of a New England summer. This was the day for separation, and in the course of it the greater number of those who had come from Canada, and other distant places, took their departure ; though many still remained to visit the schools and other public institu- tions of the city and vicinity. Very early in the morning Lord Elgin took his departure,* bearing with him an abundant harvest of golden opinions and cordial good wishes. Having declined a public escort, he was attended to the Lowell Railroad Station by Mr. Mayor Bigelow and John P. Putnam, Esq., of the Council, and was accom- * Loi'il Elgin reached IMontreal in sixteen hours from the time of leaving Bos- ton, by Uie route of the Lowell and Vermont Central IJailroads. I"or remarks lUKjn his visit to Boston, sec his Answer to an Addre-i of the Corporation nf Montreal, in the Appendix. 'in i ^i ill, ■i| ?.i 192 panied to his home by his Suite, Gov. Paine, of Vermont, and the Mayor and Corporation of Montreal. In the course of the morning a large number of the guests (about two hundred) from Canada met at the Revere House, and marched thence in procession to the City Itall, where they presented to the Mayor the following address of thanks, (read by Judge Aylwin,) which had been prepared by a Com- mittee* of their number, appointed for that ])urpose at a meeting held on the previous evening : — To THE MUNICITAL AUTHORITIES AND CITIZENS OF BoSTON ! While wc, inhabitants of Canada, congratulate you on the coin- })lction of the numerous and extended linos of Railroad in your ►State, and acknowledge the benefits which we, as well as your- selves, must derive from them, we cannot depart from your city without an earnest a.^'Surauce of our sense of the munificent hos- pitality and kindness with which we have been received and entertained by you on this interesting occasion. It woidd be impossible, within the compass of a hurried addi-ess, to enter at length into the feelings of gratification which the events of the last three days have left on our minds, or ade<|uately to express the sentiments to which these events have given rise. There are recollections connected with the relations which tho l*rovince in which we are residents bears to the great country of wliich your city is one of the proudest ornaments, that render the hitorchange of kindly feelings a matter of deeper interest than Avoiild attach to the same intercourse between the several cities of either country; and we congratulate you that, with a magnanimity worthy of tho intellectual and moral culture for which your city is justly famed, you have furnished an example which has warmed into life and strength those genial impulses of mutual friendship which ought ever to exist between tliose who are bound together by so many ties of a common brotherhood. The passing enjoyments must yield to the stern pursuits of life ; but there are impressions and sympathies which no lapse of time can efface or chill. We shall long remember the occasion upon which we have been thus so happily drawn together — it will constitute an important era in the history of your State and of our Province. Your magnificent railroad communications with the other States of the Union and the British Provinces aftbrd to the continent of Ameri- ca and the world at large a bright example of what may be achieved by the intelligence and indomitable energy of an cnlight cned people. '* See Appciidi.s, iui iiainerf uu'l ino'.eeiliii.^- uf lli.? CVmiuitlec 1!):] f'ormlt us, then, to offor to voti In our own name, and wo may venturo to lukl, In tlii' nanio of tlic I'rovince of Canada, om- licartfblt tlianks for tlio welcnim; ('xiendcd tu us, for the cy our fellow subjects from Canada, feel called upon to acknowledge the attentions which we have received as si)C'cial guests of the city of lioston, on the interesting occasion of your great Railroad and Steamship Jubilee, and to assure you one and all that we shall long remember your hospitalities with gratitude, and that nothing will afford »is greater pleasure than to have an opportunity of reciprocating them. F. Hincks, Inspector (Jencral. K. P. Taciie, Kecciver (jenoral. J OP. BOURRET, Chief Commissioner of Public Works. .1. H. Price. Commissioner of Crown Lands. Lewis T, Drummonj), Solicitor (Jeneral for Lower Canada. J. Sandfield jIacdonald, Solicitor General for Upper Canada. IL^MIJ.TON II KiLLALY, Assistant Commissioner of Public Works. Allan N. McXa?.. Boston. 20th September, 18;'1. (if .'I,;. l!)4 A (Inpntalion, foiisistiiiu of Mr. .M;iy<>r llt»\v'cs oT 'rornnio, mid soverul mcmljcrs of the Coiiiicil ol" ili.'il «ity, next appoaied, and read tli»! Inllowin;^ address: — To His Honor tiii; Mayor of IJostox : Sir: — 'I'lio Mavor and ( 'orjmnition of Toronto, in talvin;^ leave of tlio Mayor and otli(>r municipal autliorities of IJoston, oe;; t<» ex- press their deep sense of the unlxuuided hospitality shown to thcni during; their stay in this city; and they know they can speak confidently in assiirin;^ the municipal authorities of jjoston that the debt of oI)li;^ation thus contracted will l»e ^^ladly acknowl- edi!;cd by their fellow citizens of Toronto ; and they tnist that the kiniUy feelin|iropriate results in a frequent intcrchanj^e of those courtesies which are so a;];rcea1)le in themselves, and so eminently conducive to the welfare of cities, as well as of individuals. They l»e;.% in conclusion, to offer the expression of tlieir sincere hope, that the most sanguine anticipations of the new lines of railroad, whose openin;^ ,;:;avc occasion to the recent truly nia,L'nifi- eent festivities, may he amply realized in the oijeninui; u{> of new channels of connnerco and the conse(|uent increased prosperity of the city of IJoston. John (5. Bowes, Mmjor. Boston, September 20, ISot. The following address was then presented by a large dc|)U- tation from the citizens of Toronto, who were present at the celebration ; — To the Mayor ami Municipal AuthoritieH of the Oit>/ of Boston : Mr. Mayor and ( Jkntlkmkn : We the nndersi^^ncd, inhabitants of the city of Toronto and its vicinity, who have been ])artakers of the hospitality of your city during the Railroad Festival which has just been concluded, be^ leave, before departing for our homes, to return to you our warmest thanks for the attention which "we have received from you and your fellow citizens, and to express to you our most grateful acknowledgments for the honor and the pleasure con- ferred upon us in being made participators in a Jubilee, calcu- lated, as we devoutly hope, to cement and render permanent an union, of interests as well as of affection, between the citizens of our i-espective countries, so hapjjily commenced under your auspices. Through the histrumentality of the works, the completion of which we have boon invited to celebrate, Ave flatter ourselves that I!)-) \\<' SCO a tiilo of |iriis|)(.'rily llowiii;^ into Ciiniiilii t"n>iii your sliurc^ wIi'k'Ii, ill its o'll), will fiiiivcy Icick to ynti the lanilac'tious nf a soil tL'Ciuiii;; with wealth im'ah'iihihlc aiiil a^ yet to \oii uiikiiowii. ThiMii-h our l'ro\iM(;o ami thfnii;:li otir city tlic iron link, which U to connect youf city with the '• l'"ar \Vcsl." in'ist of uccc.«>ity lie niatk! ; uiid we are not hiinil to the imiiortaiice, tti ourselves, as well as to you, that this link should he lornied with as little delay as |iossihle. In extending tiiese channels for commercial intercourse throu;^h our country, it will he our ohjoct to endeavor to emulate you in that 8[)irit of enterprise and self-reliance which has not only ele- vated your city lo its jn-esent jirosperons position, hut is one of tlie cliief of your national characteristics, and to which in a ;:i;reut measure your eountry is indehted for that exulted rank anion;; the nations of the earth which it has attained within so shoi-t a period. We feel asstired that our exertions Avill he attended with your hearty Avishes for our sjieedy success. The destinies of the world for ;;oo«l or for ill, for peace or for war, are suspendeil in the united hands of the twr) ^^reat nations to which we respectively helonLi", and we sincerely pray that the sentimentg of fraternal re^^ard with which we have felt in- sjiired durin;;; the cclelmition of your ;j;reat festival may be per- petual, and that jteace and happiness nnder the joint iniluenco of our respective ilulers may forever ])ervade the earth. .Toiiv AnxoM), A. M. Cr.AKK, KUWAKI) Cr. O'BlUHN, Wm. Kr.Ks. John M. Gwynnk, Alkx'u Dixon, E. llnAnnruxi:, Gi:oi{C.K Ew'AUT, Tiios. Davidson, llouEUT S. Maitland, Waltku Gouuaji, Alex. Manning, John Patton, John Watkins, W. B. Skelton, Richard Dempsey, Tnos. Brunskill, Joseph Rogerson, Gavin Russell, M.D., John Welsh, War. IIali.owkll, M.D., Jas. Jno. Hayes, M.D., Enw'o GoLDSiiiTu, Wm. Tiunkr, w. e. tw'vnaai, RlSSl.l, lN, J. SiLVERTHORN, Jas. Young, George Cheney, Eyre M. Shaw, RoBT. Beekjian, Frederick Perk i.vs, A. V. Brc^wx, Angus Dallas. ¥.' 196 Mmi, Gi:0. A. PlIILLl'OTTS, Kick L.kwis, .John Hutciiinsox, FuAMvLIX JaCKKS, Jonx Cotton, Chaulks Koukutsox, Eu W A UU L AAV SON, John IIi:LLnvi;i.i., Joiix M. IMoxuo. To each of these addresses tlie Mayor responded in an appropriate manner, but their presentation being wholly unexpected, no reporters were present, and no sketches of the replies have been preserved excepting a ]iortion of the answer to the Canadian Ministry, having special reference to Lord Elgin. In this reply, after reciprocating expressions of consideration and regard, and touching upon appropriate topics, the Mayor said that he availed himself of the occasion to speak of his own impressions, and the impresssions of those whom he repre- sented, concerning His Excellency, the Governor General; the shortness of whose visit, was the subject of regret throughout the City. His frank and courteous bearing, his ready and generous appreciation of the character of our people and institutions, his glowing and captivating ckxpience of speech, indicating a cultivated intellect of the highest order, had commanded the respect and admiration of this community for him as a man, no less than as the accomplishetl representa- tive of his Sovereign. Although "rank " is not tlways like " the guinea's stamp " indicative of intrinsic worth, yet in this case none will question that the patent, emanating from royal favor, Avorthily graces a nobility of nature's own coining. The Mayor then alluded to the genealogy of liord Elgin, and s])oke of tlie services of his ancestor, the fust Lord Bruce of Kinloss, in preparing the way to a peaceful union of the Crowns of England and Scotland, on the death of Elizabetii. — a union, he said, pregnant with the most momentous consequences to the progress of the Anglo Saxon race, and wliich will never cease to affect the destinies of mankind. James was indeed the rightful heir, but the English aristocracy (the Conunons had but little weight at that period) naturally looked with no small jealousy at the accession dl' a foreign monarch to the throne of the Tudors : accomjjunicd, and doubtless to be inlluonced, l)yt!ii' nobles of his native land. Had such Jealousy availed to .97 exclude the Scottish King, a war of succession would proba- bly have ensued, which would have wasted tiie resources and crippled the strength of both countries, for successive gener- ations. At any rate, for want of Union, neither country could have kept pace with the advance of continental nations, in prosperity and power. The star of France would have culmi- nated without a rival. England could have had neither fleets nor armies adequate to protect her own colonies, (if indeed she would ever have possessed any,) much less to wrest such from the hands of her powerful antagonist. The annals of modern warfare on this continent, as well as elsewhere, Avould have been far different from the existing record, — Montcalm might have lived to the natural term of an honored life, and the blood of Wolfe might not have sealed his country's tri- umph. The great current of human events is often turned by seemingly inadequate causes ; and it may be that the festi- val which has assembled in harmonious fellowship so much of the talent, wealth, and representation of power, of the British and American nations, will exercise an important influence in confirming and perpetuating amity between branches of a kindred race. Oui celebration will owe much of its moral and political effect to the presence, and concilia- tory bearing, of him who has represented, in chief, the Mothek Country and her colonies, on the occasion. If, as I believe, he has contributed largely to strengthen the bonds of national brt therhood, and thereby to the diffusion of the immortal pr; iciples of ** peace on earth and good will'' among men, he V ill have added new lustre to the honors of a house, which instory has adorned wi'h the laurels of Bannockburn. Here concludes the account of the Railroad Jubilee. The motives which led to its institution have been already stated, and the eloquent words of the deputation of the citizens of Toronto may well be used to express also the sentiments of (he citizens of Boston, in regard to its moral result : 198 " The destinies of the world for good or for ill, for peace or for war, are in a great degree suspended in the united hands of the two great nations to which we respectively belong — and we sincerely pray, that the sentiments of frater- nal regard, with which we have felt inspired during the celebration of this Festival, may be perpetual, and that peace and happiness, under the joint influence of our respective Rulers, may forever pervade the earth." 1, for peace the united ■espectively ts of frater- during the . that peace respective APPENDIX T Brit late S pncli Her whic whic took in ce Can? whic expe the I Her town I rancf Ti Sn Septt APPENDIX. OFFICIAL CORRESPONDENCE IN RELATION TO LORD ELGIN'S VISIT TO BOSTON. The following correspondence between the Representative of Great Britain at Washington, and the Secretary of State, grew out of the late visit of Lord Elgin to this city: "Washington, Nov. 28, 1851. Sir : — In reference to our late conversation, I have the honor to enclose the copy of a despatch which has been addressed to me by Her jMajesty's principal Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs, by which I am instructed to express the gratification felt by Her Majesty's Government on being apprized of the cordial reception which was given to the Earl of Elgin during the ceremonies which took place at Boston on the 17th, 18th, and 19th of September last, in celebration of the completion of a line of railroad connecting the Canadas with New England ; and in expressing the grateful sense which Lord Elgin entertains of the courtesy and hospitality which he experienced during his visit to Boston, to convey to the President of the United States, and the citizens ot Boston, the cordial thanks of ller Majesty's Government for tliis proof of their kindly feelings towards Her jMajesty's Government and the British nation. I avail myself of this opportunity to renew to you. Sir, the assu- rance of my highest consideration. John F. Ckampton. The Hon. Daniel Webster, &c., &c., &c. FoRKTGN Offick, Oct. 31, 1851. Sir: — With refin-ence to your despatch. No. 23, of the 20th of September, reporting the cordial reception which was given to 202 the Earl of Elpln (liirinj» tlio ceremonies wliicli look place at Boston on the 17th, IHtli, and lUth of September, in celebration of the com- pletion of the line of railroad connecting the Canadas with New Kti<:. land, I have to acfjiiaint you that Her Majesty's Secretary of State for the Colonial Department has received from Lord Eljiin adcjipatcli to the same effect respecting his visit to Boston ; and, in compliance with Earl Grey's request, I have to instruct you to state to the (iov- ernment of the United States that Iler Majesty's Government have read with ^reat pleasure the accounts which have reached them of the distinguished reception which wai given to Lord Elgin by llui President of the United States, and by tlie citizens of Boston, on tlie occasion in question, and that Her Majesty's Government are more especially gratified by it, inasmuch as they look upon it as a proof of the prevalence and extension of that good and friendly feeling between the people of the two countries which Her Majesty's Government are 80 desirous to encourage and confirm. You will also say that Lord P21gin entertains the most grateful sense of the courtesy and hospitality which he experienced during his visit to Boston, and that Her Majesty's Government also beg most cordially to thank the President of the United States, and the citizens of Boston, for this proof of their kindly feeling towards Her Majesty and the British nation. I am, &c., Paljieuston. John F. Crampton, Esq., «&c., &c., &c. Department of State, Washington, November 26, 1851. Sir : — I have the honor to acknowledge the receipt of your note of the 22d instant, accompanied by a copy of a despatch addressed to you by Her Majesty's principal Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs, directing you to express to the President of the United States, and the citizens of Boston, the cordial thanks of Her Mi.J_sty's Gov- ernment for the reception given to the Earl of Elgin during the cere- monies which took place at Boston on the 17th, 18th, and 19tli of September last, in celebration of the completion of a line of railioad connecting the Canadas with New England. Your communication has been laid before the President, who has directed me to express, in reply, his gratification that Her Majesty's Government should have been favorably impressed with the reception given to Lord Elgin on the occasion referred to. I avail myself of this opportunity, sir, to offer to you a renewed assurance of my very distinguished consideration. John F. Crampton, Esq., &c., »&c., &c. Dam EL Webster. fi at Boston [)i' the corn- New Kng- ry of State 1 11 despatcli compliance to the (iov- nment have ed them of Igin by tlie ston, on the nt are more s a proof of ing between ernment are ost grateful d during his so beg most the citizens ler Majesty jrERSTON. State, 26, 1851. f your note h addressed for Foreign nited States, sty's Gov- ing the cere- and 19th of of railroad ent, who has er Majesty's :he reception u a renewed Vebsteu. 203 BOROUGH OF BOSTON, ENGLANi), AXD CITY OF BOSTON, MASS. The three letters, which follow, have been recently printed by order of the City Council, and although they have no reference to the cele- bration of September, they are inserted here, not oidy as historically interesting to the citizens of Boston, but as another " proof of the prevalence and extension of that good and friendly feeling between the people of the two countries," which it is so desirable to cultivate tnd contirra, and which, it is hoped and believed, if not one of the primary objects, will be one of the lasting results, of that celebration. City Hall, Boston, Dec. 4, 1851. Sir : — I transmit to the Common Council certain interesting seals and documents, wiiich I received some time since from the Borough of Boston, in England, through the agency of John Louis Clarke, Esq., of this City. Mr. Clarke's letter, together with one from the Mayor of that Borough, which accompany this communication, will explain the circumstances which led to the transmission of these acceptable presents. The frame, in which the seals are encased, is stated to have been made out of one of the original timbers of the church in which John Cotton preached, for some years previous to his emigration to this country, — the Cotton, in honor of whom our City is supposed to have been named. Such a fact, in an antiquarian point of view, enhances the value of the gift. I recommend that the seals be placed in some conspicuous position in the Council Chamber, and that the letters be printed and placed on file. I have caused a suitable acknowledgment of the compliment, together with books and maps appertaining to our City and State, to be forwarded to the authorities of the Borough of Boston.* Respectfully, &c., John P. Bigelovv, Mayor. To the Honorable FuANCis Brinley, President of the Common Council. * Note, (by the Maiior,) attached to the forerfoiiuj Mfusoffe. Boston is a seaport, market town and borough of Lincolnshire, on the River Withara, ninety miles north of London. The name is an abridgement of "BotolpU's Town." In 1630 there were probably about 600 families in tlie borough. In 1811 it had 1,837 houses and 8,113 inhabitants. In 1841 its jjopu- latiou had increased to ;i4,6S0. Its principal t)bject of curiosity is its .*!in»ous clmrch, (St. iJololph's,) the foundation of wliich was laid in l.'JO'J. The building, which is in the Uothic style of architecture, is considered the largest parodcici! 204 Boston, Junk 2, 1851. Siu: — You will roccivc, enclosed liercwitli, a copy ot' n li'ttcr, addressed to inu by Meabiirn Stanihuid, Esii-, JMayor ot" IJoston, OM England, dated .January loth, but oidy very recently received. Tin. somewhat long interval, between its date and recidpl, may be accounted lor, by the I'aet that it accompanied the present, to which it refeis. In eomplyinjT with the request of Mr. Staniland, it may not be out ot" place to oiler a few words, explanatory of llu; circumstiuices, t(» which I am indebted for tiiis pleasure. In the Spring of 18 1'.), J went up to Uoston from London, to gratify a curiosity, which had ever been strong, to see this old city, and compare it with its younger namesake on this side of the water. I had no letters of introduction, nor any other passport to such civilities as I received, and i'or which I have ever since been most grateful — than my place of residence and the object of my visit! Upon ji'\avc to become a shining liuht in tlie wilder- ness of New Engi.and. Cotton was vicar of this church lil years. The imme- diate cause of his emigration was tlie issue of a warrant to liring him before the infanrous "High Commission Court," to answer concerning his supposed hci'ctical opinions. He concealed himself froni the search, while his patron, the I'.arl of I)or-;ct, interceded for him with the prelates. TIk; inteircssion was incl'l'eciu;il, and liis Lordslnp wrote to Mr. Cotton, that, " if he had })een guihy of drunken ness, iincleanness, or any such fitults, he could have obtained liis i)ardoii ; but. as he was guilty of puritaiiism and non-conformity, the crime was unpardonable, and tliereforc he advi-ed him to fb.'f fiir his ■snfcty', which he accordingly did 205 New Enjrl.'ind:" cxpressinj* all kind wislie.-* for lior "utiirc frrentncsy, iStc. ; niul his sentiment and remarks were received with a warmth of feeling, which made nie, for a time, forget that there were two Bostons. 1 acknowledged the compliment, and my own gratitude as well, lor such attentions as I had most unexpectedly received there ; and I doubtless took no unauthorised lil)erty, in the assurance that such kind and friendly sentiments as had been expressed by all composing lli«! dinner party, woidd be fully responded to by tho«e not only, who held in keeping the honor and interests of the City of my residence, but also by the citizens generally. At tills diimer ])arty, a suggestion was made in regard to the i)ro- priety of some little token from the Mother to the Daugiiter, to bo j)hice(l in my charge for })resentation, and it was arranged, before I left Boston, that the same should be sent forward to J^iverpool to await my arrival there, on my return. At the time I sailed, howevei*. it had not reached Liverpool, but the inscription on the I'ramu is of that date. It was a singular coincidence in the liistory of both cities, that an effort had been made, almost simultaneously, for a better supj)ly of water for both, and at the time of my visit, the Mayor j)laced in my hands an Act of Parliament for, and other Documents relating to, the introduction of water into Boston, to be presented with the Seals. These Documents I have meantime kept, in the expectation that the token, alluded to, would in due time be forthcoming, and, as it has now been received, 1 avail myself of the earliest opportunity to present the same, with the Documents alluded to. Tiie Church, of which Mr. Staniland speaks, is without a rival, as a Parish Church, in England, and was erected about the middle of the iburteenth century, of the ornamental or middle Gothic style of archi- tecture, having a tower three hundred feet in height. The Church has the grandeur and imposing effect, almost, of a cathedral. Allow me to add, in conclusion, that, influenced by the peculiar and obvious delicacy of alluding to my personal experiences there, I siiould have remained silent, had I alone been interested, but, under tiie cir- cumstances, in which this communication is written, 1 have thought it my duty to overrule any such scruples on my part, and to do justice to others, and to the interest and kind sentiments, which they so gen- erally and generously expressed in behalf of Boston, the younger. And I have alluded to personal attentions there, as evincing an interest in a stranger — simply on account of his place of residence. I am, Sir, very respectfully. Your ob't serv't, John L. Claiikk. Mou. John P. Bigelow, Mayor, &c. «ic., Boston. 206 Boston, Jan. 13, 185]. My Dear Sir : — You will, I dare say, have frequently thou[;lit I hud quite forgotten my promise of sending you, for the Mayor of Hos- ton, U. S., tiie impressions of our Corporate Seals. I had not, how- ever, done so, but a variety of circumstanos have delayed its fullil- ment, wliieh I now (thougii tardily) perform. Tiie Seals are in duplicate, one being the Corporate Seal, another the Admiralty Seal, (the Corporation, at one time, having had Admi- ralty jurisdiction along the Coast,) and the other is the Otlicial Seal of the Mayor. All these Seals are of the period of Henry the btli, when the Borough was incorporated. I have had the Seals phiced on parchment in an oak frame, to which, I am quite sure, considerable interest will attach irom the cir- cumstance of its having been made out of one of the original beams of our beautiful Church, under the roof of which, for several years, preacluid as Vicar that Cotton, in honor of whose character and exile your fair City received its name. This small token of respect, from the Chief Magistrate of " Old " " Boston," lor his oflicial brother in " New '' " Boston," though intrinsically valueless, will nevertheless, I am sure, awaken associa- tions and feelings, which I trust, may ever prevail between our respective countrymen, and if, in the Council Chamber of the City of Boston, this little ottering finds a place, it will be to me a source of great gratification. Do me then the favor to present the same to your Mayor, with an assurance that should he ever come to the Old World and honor me with a visit, it will afford me the greatest pleasure to receive him. And believe me to be, My dear Sir, Yours faithfully, M. Staniland. John L. Clarke, Esq., Boston. Note. Documents referred to in the correspondence. An Act of Parliament for the Boston Water Works. A Plan and Section of the Boston Water Works. Enf^inccr's Report on the Boston Water Works. Directors' Report on the Boston Water Works. Blank Certificates of Stock of the Boston Water Works. 207 L3, 185J. y thou^lit I lyor ot Hos- ,i\ not, liow- d its fuUil- eal, another had Admi- Othclal Si'id iry the Hth, ik fraine, to roni the cir- [lal beams of ^eral years, er and exile 3 of "Old" )n," though ken associu- jetweon our r the City of B a source of lyor, with an tul honor me receive him. ■ANILAND. a. I CORRESPONDENCE RESrECTING THE JUBILEE. The letters below are but n small portion of those recfived by the Committee of Invitation. These however have been selected a« ex- pressing the sentiments of distinguished oillcial personages, both of our own country and the Canadus, in relation to the Railway Cele- bration. [From tho Hon. Diuiiel Webster, Secretary of State.] Boston, Ski't. 9, 18.51. Gkntlemkv: — I acknowledge with all due respect the honor con- ferred on me, and coii.municated through you by the City Council of Boston, in inviting me to i»»tend the proposed Railroad Jubilee on the 17th, 18th and 19th of this month. I regard the occasion, Gentlemen, as one of high and peculiar interest, likely to be honored by the presence of many distinguished persons belonging to this and other Slates, and also to the adjacent British Provinces ; and I assure you, Gentlemen, that it is with ex- treme regret that I feel obliged to say, that it is not in my power to accept the invitation of the City Government. I am. Gentlemen, with sincere personal regard, your obedient servant, Danikl WicnsTEH. To Messrs. Francis Brinley, H. M. Ilolbrook, Ezra Lincoln, Albert T. Minot, N. A. Thompson, Henry .^ Gardner, Otis Kimball, Com- viittee. [From the Governor of New York.] Albany, Sept. 8th, 1851. Gentlemen : — I have had the honor to receive your letter, re- questing me to unite with the Municipal Authorities of your City, in celebrating " the completion of the various lines of Railway which connect Canada and the Great West with the tide waters at Ilosfon." I regret sincerely that my engagenicnls are of such a nature as to preclude an acceptance of your invitation. You must permit me, however, to congratulate you upon i\u\ success whicli has crowned your efforts, and to express my iulmiration of the wisdom and energy displayed by your citizens in the completion of a system of improve- ments, alike honorable to the fame of your city and conducive to its growth and prosperity. We, the people of New York, claim to have some interest in the trade of the Great West, for which you are reaching. Yet we have desired to act the part of friendly and generous neighbors towards you. We have seen you invading our soil, filling our valleys, boring our mountains at some points, levelling them at others, and turning your steam engines loose upon us to run up and down, roaming at I 1^1 n 208 ]arj.'o throiiplioiit our bonlorfl. IndciMl, it hns lonfi; boon ovidi'tU lliiit you iiitornlod to rido ovor us in your ollorts to onticrritory. We have never dtisired to monopolize the Western traile. After yielding to you a share suHlcient to satisfy any but an inordinate iwid grasping atnbition, enough will n^inain for us. A fair survey of tlie vast and fertile region b(!yond the Lakes, and u just estimate of its resources, its rapid increase in population and production, and its won- derful progress in opening new communications, ought to extinguish nil narrow, local jealousies among the Statea and cities of the sea- board. The exigencies of such a counfy demand a liberal and enlightened policy. JiOt us have ample room and free scope for all, A matdy and gcncTous competition is beneficial to every interest. The vast and swelling commerce of the Western Lakes will fiunish full and prolitable employment for all the artificial lines of (communi- cation that bav(! been opened. We are willing you should share with lis in advantages proceeding from a source so inc^xhaiistible. Li iny contemplations of the subject, 1 always feel that New York can allonl to be not only just but magnanimous. With great respect, Your obed't servant, Washington Hunt. Hon. John P. Bigelow, Francis Brinley, and others, Committee. [From the Governor of Vermont I Rutland, Sept. 15, 185L Gkntlkmkn : — I have the honor to acknowledge the receipt of your invitation to attend, on the 17th iiist., the commemorative festivities on the completion of the various lines of railway which connect, Canada and the Great West with the tide-w.iters at Boston, and have to regret that my other duties forbid my acceding to your polite, recpiest. Attached by the ties of birth to the State of Massachusetts, every- thing which ])romotes her prosperity has a deep hold upon my all'ec- tions. Calling to mind that when, in early childhood, I removed from your vicinity, it required eight days to accomplisli the journey which is now performed in a less number of hours, I here witness an emi- nent example and evidence of the industry, the perseverance, and the wealth of my native State, and of the city of Boston in particular. The benelit of this industry, enterprise, and wealth, is not coniined to the city and State alone, but is equally shared by the community •JO!) wiili wliom slic lins iiny privnfo, piililic, or pommcroinl irlfttinn^ — amonp; wlioiii tlic Stall! ill wliit'li I reside |mrtici|nUi'«( larj;i'ly and cxtt'iiMivi-ly. Witli tiiu most ur MEETING OF CANADIANS. [llEFEUnED TO ON PAGE 192.] At a meeting of the citizens of Canada, Avho have availed them- selves of the invitation of tlie Civic Authorities of Boston to attend the Kailroad Festival, which took place on the 17th, 18tli, and lOtli instant, held at the Revere House last evening, the Hon. Mr. Justice Aylwin was called to the chair, and John Rose, Estj.. requested to act as Secretary. It was then moved by the Hon. W. B. Robinson, M. P. P., of To- ronto, and seconded by the Hon. John Molson, of Montreal, and resolved unanimously, that a Committee be named to draft an address exjjressive of our gratitude, and the high estimation entertained by this meeting, and the inhabitants of Canada, of the kind and generous hospitalities extended to them by the Municipal Authorities and citi- zens of Boston ; and that the following gentlemen be named a Com- mittee forthwith to prepare such address: — The Hon. Mr. Justice Aylwin, the Hon. Mr. .Justice Day, and the Hon. Mr. Justice Mondelet, of Montreal ; Sir Allan N. McNab, M. P. P. ; T. Kirkpatrick, Esq., of Kingston ; the Hon. Samuel Crane, and A. Jones, Esq., of Prescott ; Capt. Wainwright, of Caril- lon ; John Rose, Esq., of Montreal ; N. F. Belleau, Esq., of Quebec ; P. Leclerc, Esq., of St. Hyacinthe ; A Leframboise, P^S(j., of Heca- hily; Col. Gugy, M. P. P.; W. A. Chaffers, Esq,, of St. Cesaire ; N."^ Dumas, Esq., M. P. P., and Benj. Holmes, Esq., M. P. P., of ]Montreal ; A. Merrick, Esq., of Merrickville ; Jos. Aumond, Esq., of Bytown ; John Bruneau, Esq., B. Brewster, Esq., and Harrison Stephens, Esq., of Montreal ; Hon. J. JIO. Irving, of Toronto ; James Coleman, Esq., of Dundas ; George Rykert, Esq., and W. Merritt, Esq., of St. Catherine's ; Captain C. Sweeney, of Montreal ; James Little, Esq., of Caledonia ; James Hodgert Guelph, Esq., and the Hon. P. H. Moore, of Stanstead ; George Crawford, Esq., of Brock- ville ; Mr. Sherifl" Corbett, of Kingston ; Mr. Sherifi" Boston, of Montreal ; Mr. Sheriff Smith, of Barrie ; Mr. Sheriff Thomas, of Hamilton ; J. B. Ewart, Esq., of Dundas ; F. M. Hill, Esq., Mayor of Kingston ; J. G. Bowes, Esq., Mayor of Toronto ; F. R. Angers, Esq., of Quebec; James M. Ferris, Es(}., of ]\Iontreal ; the lion. AV. H. Boulton, M. P. P., of Toronto ; Dunbar Ross, Esq., M. P. P., of Quebec ; John Egan, Esq., M. P. P., of Aylmer ; D. E. Boulton, Es(i., of Cobourg; Judge Boswell, of Cobourg ; Wm. Weller, Esq., Mayor of Cobourg ; J. C. Morrison, Esq., M. P. P., of Toronto ; James Shaw, Esq., of Smiths' Falls ; Alexander McLean, Es(i., M. P. P., of Cornwall ; James Cotton, Esq., of Toronto ; Henry Smith, Esq., M. P. P., of Kingston; Allan McTjoan, K«q., of Kincetnn; R. 11. Sirowbritlge, E^([., of Brantford ; Col. Horn, •2(»lh Reg. ; Cnpt. RadclilVe, do. ; Capt. Marjory, 54th Reg. ; Capt. Conner, 6Gth Reg.; C. S. Monck, Esq., of Montreal ; Capt. the Hon H. F. Kean, Royal 217 lilcd tliem- 1 to attend , and 19th Vlr. Justice equesled to P., of To- )ntreal, and i an address ;rtained by ul generous ies and citi- ned a Com- e Day, and N. McNab, on. Samuel it, of Caril- of Quebec ; J., of Heca- st. Cesaire ; ^I. P. P., of nond, Esq., id Harrison nto ; James ^. Merritt, •eal; James ?q., and the ., of Brock- Boston, of Thomas, of i^sq., Mayor R. Angers, ; the lion. ., M. P. P., E. Boulton, "eller, Esq., >f Toronto; 1, Es(i., M. enry Hniith, Kinpf^ton ; leir. : Cnpt. 6Gth Reg. ; ean, Royal Engineers; Capt. Newton, Royal ArtiUcry; Dr. IMMithind, Royal Canadian Rilics ; Robert Speiicc, Esq., ^Va^(h'n of 'Wcntwoi'th and lluiton; S. Morrill, E.-ij., Mavor of London, C. W. ; F. C. Lcnictix, E.>(i., .M. P. P., Capt. Alleyn', R. N.. II. J. Noad, Es(i., and Tiiomas C.Lee, Esq., of (^nel)ec; Duncan ]\IeEarhind, Es(j., ]M. P.P. for the County of Welland ; Augustus Howard, Es(p, of Montreal. It \Vi\A then moved by W. K. McCord, Es(|., of (Quebec, seconded by Captain Wainwriglit, of Carillon, that this meeting do adjourn, for the space of one liour, to enable the Committee to prepare the draft of an address, and again meet at the same place. The meeting having re-assembled, the following address* was re- ported by the Hon. W. B. Robinson, on the part of the Comniitte, proud nnd Excellency istingui.sheil i. And wc tlmnks for try on that sense of tli(! Boston ior Mit of your ion afforded Excellency, id the pleas- neighbors, :;e with your eed, that we lot prepared rhich we ex- of tiiat eity id obligingly he hardly >eating now, lini to re- al the ad- lioston, and a like eifect IJostonians f liii anil his e of hospi- e citi/ens of THE GOLDEN RING. Ill the lioston Daily Advertiser of November 29, IH-Ol, appeared under the above liead, an interesting communieation, from which the following passages are extracted : — The historical allusion to the espousal of Venice to the sea, intro- duced by His Honor, the Mayor, in his speech at the I'eceptioii of Lord Elgin, seems not to be generally understood. An inttdligcnt old gentleman, formerly one of the City Fathers, but now living in the quiet retirement of the country, writes thus to a friend now residing in the City. "I have read with great interest the mi- nute descriptions, given in the newspapers of your Railroad Cele- bration. It was, indeed, a proud display for old Boston, and will be Landed down to posterity, side by side, with the Boston Tea Party. I have been much puzzled to find out what he [the Mayor] meant by his allusion to 'the Golden King.' Will you be so kind as to favor me with some explanation of this at your earliest leisure?" It is presumed that the old gentleman, who wrote this letter, is not the only one, who has been somewhat "puzzled" to understand fully the allusion to a festival, whose origin belongs rather to the romance, than to the realities of history. The story is thus told, with various embellishments, by the histo- rians of the twelfth century. In 1150, Alexander III., was called to the papal chair. He reigned till 1181, struggling with various fortune and undaunted courage against the antipopes, Victor III., Paschal III., and Calixtus III., who were contending for the pontifical throne, and against his more formidable enemy, the powerful Frederic I., Emperor of Ger- many. About 1177, when the anathemas of Frederic were law throughout all Italy, as well as Germany, the persecuted Pope, "interdicted from fire and water," was obliged to flee from the continent. To Venice alone could he look for a refuge ; and thither he secretly turnc^d his steps. Ziani was then Doge, the chief officer of Venice. He re- ceived the exiled Pope with the profoundest respect and tenderest sympathy, and immediately demanded of Frederic an acknowledg- ment of his claims to the papal throne. Frederic hurried the Vene- tian messenger home with tlie haughty reply, " Tell your master to deliver to me the miserable Alexander, in chains, or I will plant my eagles on the gates of St. Marks, and leave but a pile of ruins, where now stands the proud city of the presumptuous Ziani ! " The trump of war was sounded at once. Although thtonnded foes witli rcsisth'ss power, and, alter ii sliort but desperate coiillici, tlie (;oniiMan(U!r, Frederic's sou Olho, was j,dad to sue for peace hy tin; 8urrend«'r of himself, his men, and the remnants of his hhattered Heel. Ziani turned towards home with his prisoners. As he proudly swept Uf) the Adriatic, the captive ilcet foUowing sadly in ids train, tlie strains of triumphal music, and the prolonged and hearty shouts of his victorious sailors, rising over the waters, the whole city, old and yoini}^ with throbbiiif; hearts, crowded throuj:;h the <;alea to the shore id Jiido, to wtdeoine home with tears of Joy and heartfelt thanksj;ivin^s the noble defenders of Venice. Alexander, too, hastened to acknowl- edge his obligations to Ziani, and to render the, grateful homage of un overilowing heart to Him, whose blessing he had invoked in IImj enterprise. As Ziani stepped from his boat, the Pope presented him Avilh a golden ring, saying, "Take this ring, and with it take, on my authority, the sea as your subject. Every year, on the return of this liappy day, you and your succe. .ors shall make known to all posterity, that the right of conipiest has subjugated the Adriatic to Ve.uice, as a t?!' use to lier husband ! " The defeated and mortified Frederic was glad to accede to any temi:;, which the Pope and Ziaid might be pleased to dictate. He ■was t-iimmoned before the man, the soles of whose weary feet he had suti'ered to lind no resting place for many a sorrowful year in all the length and breadth of Italy. Tlie hour of revenge had come. Ar- rayed in his pontilical robes, Alexander sat on his lofty throne. All the bitter recollections of the years, that were past, were rankling in liis breast. .Sternly he gazed on his conquered Ibe for u moment ; and thtni, with u contemptuous air, pointed to his footstool. There was no alternative. The ))roud emperor bowed himself down ; and, placing his neck beneath the foot of his hated conqu(;ror, swore alle- giance to Alexander III., as the rightful possessor of the triple crown. For the long course of more than six hundred years, every fresh return of the Feast of Ascension witnessed the renewal of the joyous nuptials. This was the great gala-day of Venice. The man forgot his toil, the woman her household, the child his sports, and all, witli one accord, joined in celebrating the marriagt; of the city to the peer- less bride. JNIass having been solenmized in the old church of yaii Nicolo, the Doge and his nobles, arrayed in their gorgeous robes of state, embarked in the liucentaur, the splendid state galley, resplen- dent wi h ornaments of gold, and docked with the richest paintings, commemorative of the triumph of Ziani, and the iirst nuptial c( renin- ny. As they glided along the sjjacioiis canal, they were everywhere greeted with waving of banners, strains of music, and deafening *: jscfridcil to lli(!r, lor ii ss tliiil not • wives and ! A'uiiLtiaiis Spccdiiifj astoiiii(lc(l itc coiiilici, L'ace by llie lU'Vvd licet. iLidly .s',v(|)t > train, the y slioiits of ly, old and o the shore !inks<;iviiins to ackaowl- hoiiia^xc of >ked ill the ;.«eiit('d liiiii ake, on my turn of this ill jjosterity, ^'ride, wiio had won for it its richest treasures and its highest glory — had [)oured into its lap the choic(!st luxuries of Oriental wealth, and the countless hoards of "barbaric pearl and gold," and encircled its brow with the proiul diadem oi' *' Queen of the Seas." It was well, too, for liS and our welcome guests to assemble togeth- er to ccdebrate the completion of those bonds, which, though of iron, shall join us in the indissoluble union of friendship and love — a union more auspicious of glorious results than that of Venice and her cherished Sea, — a union, which shall not ordy advance the highest commercial interests of the parlies, but which shall heal the l)leeding wounds so long kept open by narrow distrust and sectional jealousies, those fruits of mutual misapprehension, and shall make tlu; two peo- ples, who are kindred in race and in feeling, forsake and forget the animosities of the past, and cleave to each other forever. The signifi- cance of the allusion is apparent. III 1\ \l i I '^1 i ;l„ 2t>2 O^.'EAN HTEAM SHIP COMPANY OF NEW ENGLAND. The following intercstinji nrticlo wna prepared for the Boston Coiirl(!r Ity a pciitlfman who has had occasion, Ironi tin»« to time, for 8(!Vi'ral years, to devote no inconsiderable attention to tlici rise, pro- gress and eU'ecls of railways, and of steam navipition in various pcn-- (ions of the country, where either or both of these great modes of •conveyance and transportation, have been established. Tin: I'lusT A.mkuican Lines of Steamkijs ruoM I^oston to TiiK Old WoitLi). Five and twenty years have elapsed sinct; tlial eminent merchant, the lion. TiiosiAS II. Pkkkins, founded in Miw Kn^land, the first railroad ever built in the United States. Duiiiig that term of time, our capitalists, enterprising and leading Uien, have, devoted large portions of their attention and means to the construc- tion of railways, and the (Completion of the I'ailway system among us; their expenditures upon and in connection with these public works, umountiug within Massachusetts alone, to millions of dollars per unrmin. Indeed, so deeply and constantly have not only the principal j)arties, but the community at large, been absorbed in promoting the extension antl success of this great and growing, though comparatively new mode for the transportation of passengers and merchandise, liiut they appear almost to have ibigotten another means of transit ami conveyance of the very lirst magnitude, and without the promutiuu and advancement of which, it can hardly be possible ultimately to main- tain ill full action and prosperit}/ the railroads themselves or their dependencies. We refer esj)eeially to the establishment of lines of American Steamers between lioston and foreign nations. The steiini- shi[), as we all know, is iive and twenty years older than the railway. For half a century or more, it has been undergoing a series of trials and progressive improvements, until human ingenuity has rendered it 60 extraordinary in size, proportions, aceomniodalions, power and speed, that it no longer looks upon the common sailing ship as its competitor ; and, although old-fashioned vessels w ill probably always be used more or less in certain voyages and in certain ])laces ; yd "for despatch and quick returns" — for all great commercial pur])o.'^es and public enterprises over the sea, the time is at hand when these old-fashioned vessels must inevitably yield to the steamship the mas- tery of the ocean. These "writings upon the wall" have not escaped the observation of men of intelligence and forecast; yet with these things staring in their faces, and pressing every to franspdrt over (he Atlantic, lite merchandise and people which ihesf roads are pouring in upon ns, or an; about to I)ring into this city from the towns on their borders from ilistant places, from the C'anadas and the far West ? what to convey to these our girat depots, triniks and brahciics, thence to lie perous ; having their sub- stantial, elegant, and costly residences in the city, and their extensive, and not less costly and beautiful villas, (Mjttages, summer-house,-, and gardens, planted in vvcvy watering-place, and dotting all the country around ; where there are to be found the owners of somt^ of the finest farms and other landed estates, factories and other works, and sonw; of the best dividend-j)aying railroad and other stocks, in a/most ercri/ i)tatc of the Union ; where the inhabitants possess so many, aiul such commodious piers, wharves, shipyards, and warehouses, and one of the broadest and most secure harbors in North America ; — how is it. that among such a money-seeking and money-making race, holding commercial intercourse, year in and year out, with nearly every nation under the sun, and ever on the alert for new things, new undertakings and expenditures, as well as new gains and acipiisition? — none are to be found engaged in steam navigation upon the high seas, — that Hos- tonians have not, to this day, one line of steamers, of their own, from their own port to any other beyond the ocean ? Is it because they 'n iHj 224 are ignorant of the potency of steam? of the superior capnoity or powers of the steamboat? or of tlie ])rogress, the beneficial elU'cts of steamboat building, or steam navigation, in a hundred dilllrent ways, in every place where either is carried on? Are they unapprised of the fact, that in tliese stirring times of competition all along the coast, as well as inland, no merchant can, in the Ioikj run, prosecute his business to a great extent, ioith the utmost facility and success, with- out pressing into his service the swiftest means of conveyance and int(!rcommunication known to man — upon the water and the land, by railway, teKgraph, and steamer? Is it because they must consume half tiieir lives in thinking and talking, debating, considering, and re- considering, before they can make up their minds how and when to act ? No ! It is because they have been brought up to do one thing at a time. It is because of their determination all along — their pre- determination to finish the railways in the first place ; to apply all their ability and energies to the completion of the railway system ; well knowing from the outset, that this done, they could, with their supera- bundant resources, summon at any moment the steamboat to their aid, and all other essential helps and appliances of the kind. And tliis object they have at length accomplished. All their main railroads are now completed, and each one is in full and successful operation. This broad and permanent railway basis, so indispensable to our people for new and momentous operations and adventures, being thus erected, now it is that they are about to commence steam navigation. Tiiis great and wonderful race over the seas, they will now and henci;- forth enter upjn, and they will triumph in it as certainly and signally as I hey have in clipper ships and internal improvements. Nor could they begin more opportunely, or under circumstances more auspicious — never, perhaps, at a better time. For they have no long and tedious trials to encounter, no doubtful or expensive exper'ments to go through with, in order to invent, improve, or render more perfect, the nui- cliinery, form, or structure of the steamship. All these things have been done in other parts of the country, and by other persons, who have been incessantly engaged upon '• engine boilers and hull, paddles, screw-wheels, furnaces and propellers," for the last lifty years, at their owr4 risk, and with their own money. The results of the expe- rience and ingenuity of this half century have now become not only manifest, but public property ; and Bostonians have nothing to do but avail themselves of, and, in common with others, convert the whole to their own use and benelit, at the most gainful rates, with the ]iii\()!. The first one will fake her departure about the first of August ipaoity or I olli-cts of rent ways, pprised of the coast, secute liis cess, with- yance and le land, l)y t consnino ig, and re- ici when to » one tliinfi -their pre- I apply all stem ; well eir siipera- 3 their aid, And this n railroads )eration. ble to our beinjT thus navigation, and hence- id signally Nor could auspicious .nd tedious 20 through t, the nia- lings have sons, who , paddles, years, at the expe- come not nothing to onvert the , with the nest steam , and the ientific en- ir service, suitable, if indcr way, nes as the on harbor, (land, con- nd Livcr- f August 225 onsiiing. She is named the " S. S. Lewis," and is one of the most splendid vessels of iier class ever seen. She is ol'iiot less than 1800 tons burthen, and altogether the most costly ship ever owned in Bos- ton. Slie belongs to "the Ocean Steamship (.'ompany of New Eng- land," incorporated by the State of Massachusetts, with an authorized capital to an immense amount — larger, it is believed, than that of any other similar incorporated company in the United Slates. In .1 few days, tlien, the " S. S. Lewis " will come from the hands of the con- structors, and take her berth at the wharves of the Grand Junction Ivailroad and Depot Company, and thence leave on her lirst voyage over the Atlantic. The day of her departure will be the dawn of a new era in this section of the country; for she will be the American lile-leader of a new means of transportation and transit between New England and the Old World ; the Yankee pioneer of a change in our commercial intercourse and relations both at home and abroad — a change, destined to be as impulsive, eventful and lasting ; as marked and beneficial in its results, — so far as the trallic of our citizens with foreign climes is concerned, — as has been etl'ected among us, in the way of internal improvements, intercommunication and internal trade by the iron horse upon the land ; a change, it may be added, which as it goes on from year to year, involving, as sooner or later it must, steamboat building among us, and all matters connected with it, will create more and more activity in every branch of business among the ])eo[)le, to an extent, indeed, that it were vain to expect to see realized in any other way. This new and superior line of steamers has been founded by IMessrs. IIa:;m)i:n t^c Co:>ii*ANY, of this city, in conjunction with a number of wcaliliy and poweri'ul parties — not less eminent for tlieir foresight and eiurgy in commercial matters, than I'dv their resources and inlluence in the comnuniity. The originator of this House, it will be recollected, was the person who established or led to the estab- lisliment of all the expresses U[)on the railroads in the United States. Leaving some time ago this particular branch of business to their successors in it, they have since been engaged as merchants and l)anker«, and now the public are again indebu'd to them for being among the first to lead in the establishment of Anurieau steanuships from lioston to the ports of other naliuus ; an undertaking, by far the most important for New England, that has ueen projected since the introduction of railways and locomotives among ns — the most mo- mentous and promising, in fact, that now remains to be carried on in this quarter of the country. In this connection the following paragraphs, extracted from the Bos- ton Journal of a late date, are not without interest. Time was when tiie capacity of Boston to sustain oi/c single shi[) in tlie Lttndon or Livtirpool regular trade, was cpiestioned, and many of our merchants remember with what doubtful shakes of tli«! Iiead the report that Messrs. Train & Co. were about to establish a line of packets, was greeted. In this connection our readers will probai)ly be as nuii'h iiiterii-led as w(; have l)een by a perusal nf iIk; following letter, which was found among the papers of an eminent merchant, 20 : 'i'^i 'ill 1 . '. i 1, i .■ V. ■..'> ■ ^ I ,;:: 226 recently deceased, and which forcibly illustrates, hy comparison witii the merchant service of the present time, the growth of tiie eournerce of Boston: London, March 1, 1801. Dear II. : jMrs. L. will most likely inform you of a conversation between us respecting a vessel for the Boston trade. I have thoughi much on the subject, and consulted with the most respectable shijipers, the result of which is, a full conviction that there never was a bolter opening. You may rely on it that a good vessel of from 220 to 2")0 tons, fixed as a regular trader between us and Boston, would pay the owner handsomely. Now should you feel inclined to avail your.r, and three entire routes from Boston to Providence, were thoroughly surveyed, and reports thereon were submitted to tlio Legislature, and publish-d in the winter of 1829, accompanied with a recoininendation to make a commencement of railroads on both these routes at the charge of the Commonwealth. Tlie Legislature however declined to make any appropriation of public money, on the recommendation of this board, or on resolutions offered by committees in the succeeding sessions, either for undertak- ing the construction of railroads on the public account, or for co-oper- ating with private corporations, to be established for the purpose. Several private charters were granted, without the subscription of any stock on public account, or other pecuniary aid, which failed for want of the necessary confidence for raising subscriptions to the stock. At length in the summer session of 1831, the Boston and Provi- dence, and the Boston and Worcester Railroad Corporations were es- tablished, and the charter of the Boston and Lowell granted the preceding year, being amended, these companies were organized by the subscription of the required amount of capital — the Worcester conditionally, with the reservation of the right of the subscribers to withdraw, on receiving the report of definitive surveys and estimates — and the surveys of the three roads were vigorously prosecuted during the season. The charter of the Boston and Worcester road was the first, which contained the express grant of authority to trans- port persons and merchandise on account of the corporation, and to purchase and hold locomotive engines and cars. In 1832 the work of construction was actively prosecuted on these three roads, the report to the subscribers in the Boston and "NV^orces- ter, having been accepted, and the conditional subscriptions to the stock made absolute. A part of the stock in the Boston and Providence company was .Ken originally by New York capitalists, and much of that of the Boston and Lowell, by proprietors in the manufacturing establishmeiits at Lowell. The stock of the Boston and Worcester was taken chiefly not by capitalists, but by men of business, desirous of promoting the establishment of a Western Rail- road, which should extend ultimate'.y through the State to the Hud- son River. They deemed such an improvement jtontial to the welfare of the State, and they proct eded under the conviction that if their subscriptions should prove unproductive as investments of capi- tal, they would, as members of the community, be indemnified for the loss, by their share in the public benefit of the enterpr'se. The Boston and Worcester road was partially opened to public travel in April, 1834. On this occasion the use of locomotive engines was introduced for the first time in New England. This road was opened throughout, from Boston to Worcester, July 4, 1835. The Boston and Providence road was opened in part in June, 1834, and throughout in June, 1835. The Boston and Lowell was opened throughout in .Tune, 1835. This was the commencement of the Massachuselts system of rail- roads. These three works were thus the pioneer railroads in New 30 -M«: m 234 Enjrlnnd. No other works of tlio kind woro attcniptcd in tlio New Eiij^lund StiiU.'s, until tlm success of these, Imd hem tested hy liicir actual U!i(', with the exception of the Norwich and Woree>lei-, which was bej^un in 18;];*. These railroads were huilt hy enj^inecrs who h'dd never seen the Eufjlish works, and althon<.di they adopted for the most part the general principles on which those roads Aver(! constrr.cted, they did not blindly co|)y from them, but modilied their respective Works in many particidars, to adapt them to their diirereiiee of situa- tion, arising from differences of locality, as well as of the amount of population and business. Several of these dillerenees of plan consisfed in the adoption of a sir irle track in the (irst instance, and in retainin;^ it in all cases so lomjj as the tratlic should be insuilieieiit to pay a fair income on the cost of a double one — the avoidance of Tunnels, ami very expensive cutting, except in cases of nec(!ssity, l)y admitting (jf higher grades — and the adoption of cross tiert^ of wood in lieu of slotiu blocks The wooden cross tiers are now, we believe, generally ndo{)ted in Eiigland, as preferable to stone, without referenct! to t!i(! dilferenee of cost. The rails have been lor the most part imported from England, but they luive bi-en in most cases rolled to a pattern pi escribed from this country, often deviating from the form in general use in England. Tlw^ locomotives first used were for the most part imported from England, lait for some years past they have been almost exclusively manufactured in this country. Their form of eonslruclioa has been based in general upon English patterns, but often with con- eiderable modifications, partly for adapting them to working on higher grades. One of the locomotives introduced upon the Boston and Worcester road within the first year from its opening, was built in Boston, and it provcsd to be a valuable engine. Those manufactui-ed in this country are believed to be fully equal to those whi( h have Iteeu imported, and there is no deficiency of engines of superior workman- ship. We cannot attempt here eitlier to trace the liistory of the railroads now in operation in the State, or to give a jiarticular description of any of them. All we can do is to present an enumeration of the different works, classified in su(di manner as to show the several routes of communication of which they constitute the parts. This enumeration is accompaiued with a statement of the length and the cost of each road, and the amount of income derived from each, dur- ing the year J Hot), together with the aggregate extent, cost and income of them all. AVe subjoin also a statement of the works of a similar character beyond the limits of the State constructed for the purpose of extending the several lines of communication, in various directions, where there has appeared to be such a demand for them as to encour- age parties to undertake them. There are at this time seven distinct railroads, which take their departuro from diilerent points within the City of Boston, all estab- lished by private cor()orations, and entirely independent of one anoth- er, and diverging irregularly to all the points of the compass, except on that side which fronts on t.he ocean. These seven roads an^ the main trunks on which are engrafted all the railroails in the Stale. The supplementary roads are in part extensions of the main trunks, to P akc, llioir ,11 cstal)- le aiioth- •', except are tin? e Stale. 1 truiilv^j 23rj nnd in part liitcral hrnnelios, desi^riied for cxtendinpf tlio l)enen(-< nf tile im|ir')vemitit over ii wider space. All tlu'se roads are eoii^tnicted upon a iiiiil'oi'in lmhu'c of four feet ten and a hall' iiiclie-*, and coii-e- ([uently carriii;,'es, entered upon any part of eitlii'r of the lines, may he transmitted thereon to IJoston, or to tho farthest extremity of tluj line, or of eith(!r of its branches. Kaeh of tho mwcM linos extends to the limits of the State, and with the ('xeeptioM of one, which terminates liy Itranehes at s(!Veral pr)ints on the sea, they all connect with other railroads, held under charters from the adjoiniii}^ Slates, by which they are (ixtendeil through those States, and iti sevin-al instances throu;;h the next ad- joinin;^ States. We emunerato them in their order, beginning at the southeastern jart of the city. 1st. old colony line. This line departs from tho station at the corner of Knoeland and South streets, and proceeds ihrough South IJoston, and through some of the principal manufacturing towns of Norfolk and I'lymouth coun- ties, to Plymouth. By the South Shore Koad, branching on the left, it visits the seaport towns of Weymouth, Ilingham and Cohasset, and by the Fall Hiver Road, diverging on the right, it ])roceeds through liridgewater to Fall River, where it connects with a daily line of steamers by way of Newport to New York. An express train runs in connexion with the steamboat lin(=. Ry the Cape Cod Rraneh diverg- ing again on the left from the Fall River Road, the line proceeds to Sandwich, in IJarnstable County, whence it is likely to be shortly extended to the south side of the Cape, at Ilyannis, where it will be the nearest point on the continent, from wdnch a communication can be maintained with Nantucket, works The lino consists of the following JViiiiir of Comprnii/. Mil fs. Cost. LW. 1 S50. Old Colony, .... ■ -M^ .•?2,293,r>.15 $296,171 Dorchcstci- and Milton llrnnch, - 2" 132,172 South Sliorc, . . . - - 10- 420,438 Briducwator Branch, 1 Fail Hivcr, .... • 42 1,068,167 ' 020,543 210,081 Cape Cod Branch, - 27; 56,556 Total, .... 127',' 4,540,270 650;5,108 All the branches of this line terminate v.ithin the State. The j>ridgewater Branch belongs to the Old Colony Company, and its cost is embraced in that of the main road. The revenue of roads not se[)- arately stated in the table, is included in that of the Old Colony, to Avliich Company these roads are leased. Eleven and a half miles of the Old Colony Road consist of a double track, and the residue, to- gether with the other roads of this line, of single track. 2d. providknce, or southern line. This line takes its departure from the station on Pleasant street, near the bottom of the Common, and proceeds in a southerly direction to Providence, where it connects with the Stonington road, and pro- fit liF; i» hW ■ i ! ■ 1 23() cooih (liftj»ntmlly tliroii}»h the Stnto of Rliodo Tsliind, to Stonin^tnn in Cuiiiiccticiit. ll tlii'i'i' (onii.'cls will) ii sccoikI th, running from Mechanic Falls to Buckfield. This enumeration will serve to show, to what extent the people of the Commonwealth are accommodated with the means of internal communication, and of intercourse with the neighboring States, and Jl M\ M. km |il rlh t I Hi I' I I I 242 Miles of Cost to Road. Jan. 1, 1851. Ini'OPie. 127 3-4 4,540.270 563,108 139 1-2 6,253.869 687,014 391 1-4 18,959.367 2,670.004 165 1-2 10,024.643 937,716 50 2,862.388 552.227 68 5,981.533 594,263 105 1-5 4,082.029 651,904 1,047 1-5 $52,704,099 §6,056,296 witli the more distant parts of the country. For the purpose of showing the aggregate extent of railroad, and also the amount of cost, as well as that of their annual income, which is the best test of tlieir utility, we present the following recapitulation. The stateraeif!'' of income is that of 1850. There has been an increase on most of the lines, perhaps all, the present year. 01(1 Colony Line, J'rovklcncc do Worcester do Fitchburg do Lov.ell do Bost.& Maine do Eastern do In this statement are not included the length and cost of the Albany and West Stockbridge road, built exclusively by the Western Com- pany of this State, and portions out of the State, of certain others which begin in the State, some of which belong almost exclusively to proprietors residing within the Stale. If we increase the above aggregate by the addition of these items, it gives for the entire length of railroads situated in whole or in part in Massachusetts, an extent of railroads of 1411 1-5 miles, at an aggregate cost of $60,992,183, affording a gross income, in 1850, of S7,445,961. The stock of such of these roads as extend into Connecticut and Rhode Island, is owned in great measure by proprietors residing in those States, and in New York. This statement embraces no part of the works, or of their cost and income, included in the loregoing statement, which are situated wholly without the limits of Massachusetts. Several of these are owned by companies of large capital, the proprietors of which are residents of this State, and some of them are in great part owned elsewhere. It would extend this article to too great a length to attempt a description of the whole. We present, however, a table of some of the principal companies, with the length and cost of their respective roads, includ- ing only such as are in actual operation, and are connected with the lines of railroad above enumerated, which terminate in Boston. Miles. Cost. Rutland & Burlington, 120 $3,854,253 Rutland & Washington, 10 250.000 Sullivan, 25 673.500 Nashua & Concord, 35 1,385.788 N. II. Northern, 82 3,016.634 Vmnont Central, 115 5X)84,470 Vermont & Canada, 38 1,200.000 New York Northern, 118 3,641.420 Conn. & Pa.ssump.-ic, 61 1,500.000 Concord & Clarcmont, 25 560.024 Contoocook, 20 219.4150 Concord & Montreal, 71 1,507.073 Portsinoutli & Concord, 23 850.000 Cocheco, - 18 500.000 Portsmouth, Saco and Portland, 52 1 ,293.640 243 pose of of cost, jf their nei^" of it of the Ini'ome. 503,1(13 687,014 2,070.004 9.*!7,71(; 552.227 594,203 051,1)04 50,050,296 ; Albany rn Com- n others clusively he above re length an extent ,992,183, s of such is owned 1 in New cost and ;d wholly )wned by sidents of here. It jscription principal s, includ- with the m. Cost. $3,854,253 250.000 673.500 1,385.788 3,016.634 5.084.470 1,200.000 3,041.420 1,500.000 500,024 219.450 1,507.073 850.000 500.000 1,293,640 Kcnnclieck & Portland, Atliiiitic & St. Liiwrcncc, Andm.scc^'S'n <-^ lunncbeck, York & Cmulierland, - Miles. Cost. 54 1,000,000 70 1,. 500.000 55 1,62 ',878 11 .•500,000 1003 !J30,o78,736 1047 52,704,090 3:1! 8,966,200 2420 691,749,035 Total, Add Koad.s in Massachusetts, Tarlly in Massac iiusetts, Total, In this enumeration are not included several minor works in the State, on our northern border, nor the Stonington and New York and New Haven roads, which form pai-t of the lines of daily communica- tion between this city and New York. Were we to include the entire cost of the railroads in the New England States now in opera- tion, connected with lines leading to Bo.ston, it would doubtless ex- ceed SI 00,000,000. It should hiive been stated, in our description of some of the roads leading from IJoston, in yesterday's paper, that the main trunk of the Boston & Worcester road, the Western road from Worcester to Springfield, the Fitchburg and Boston and Lowell roads, consist of a double track, as do also 27 miles of the Maine road, and 16 miles of the Eastern. The rest consist chiefly of a single trat..k. For the purpose of showing to what extent the whole people of the State participate in the benefit of the lines of railroad, which traverse the State as above described, it may be pertinent to state that there are in Massachusetts 32 cities and towns which have each 5000 in- habitants and upwards, and that one or more of these railroads passes through, or terminates in each of these towns, with the exception of Nantucket only, which is an island, 20 miles removed from the main land ; and that on each railroad, two or more passenger trains run to and from Boston daily, (Sundays always excepted, when daily travel- ling on railroads is spoken of.) There are in the State nine(i/-eif//it towns of a population varying from 2000 to 5000, of which seventy- three are situated on some one of the said lines of railroad, and have the same facilities of communication as the larger class of towns. Of the 25 towns of from 2000 to 5000 inhabitants, in which there is no railroad station, !■!» are seaport towns, mostly in the Old Colony, and a large proportion are situated near a railroad station in an adjoining town. The population of the smaller class of towns have the oppor- tunities of railroad accommodation, in nearly the same proportion as those of the class above mentioned. m x-\ .";] 244 GRAND JUNCllON RAILROAD. The Grand Junction Kailroad Cumpany was chartered in 1847, with a capiti.i of SI, 200,000, for the purpose of constructing a line of Road to connect tlie Eastern, Boston and Maine, Fitchburg, and Bos- ton and Lowell Railroads, with the depot grounds of the Company upon tide water at East Boston, where they have ample wharf and storage-room for the accommodation of the extensive business whid. it is expected their enterprise will command. The objects of this Company, though somewhat various, are all eminently designed to promote the trade and commerce of this city ; to facilitate the opera- tions of commerce with the interior trade of the country ; to aid in distributing the productions of other countries, and in the export trade of our own. By it, the cars for the interior are brought into immedi- ate connection with vessels from every port, and the freight of tlie ship may be exchanged for that of the cars, without any other agency than that afforded by the accommodations of this Company. A ship from England may unload her cargo of merchandise, to go to Canada, on one train of cars, and receive her cargo of flour for the return voyage from the next. Or, by its warehouses, the same cargo of merchandise, or the same freight of flour, may be placed in store or bond until required, and it will be seen that whatever the commodity, wherever it came from, or wherever designed to be sent, the saving of expense in the facilities afforded by this Company would equal a lai'ge part of the cost of conveying it to the interior from the ship, or to the ship from the interior. The grounds of the Company consist of some thirty acres, the greater portion of which is made land, enclosed by a substantial sea- wall, 2395 feet in length. These grounds front on Marginal street, east of the Cunard Steamers' Wharf, and their piers extena to the Commissioners' line. These piers are eight in number ; four of them 350 feet in length and 75 in width, and the others of somewhat less length. They have been constructed of oak, and are built in the most substantial manner. From the main track of the Road, a branch runs along the edges of each of these piers, so that merchan- dise can be transferred from the cars to the ships. Each pier is to be roofed over, so that they will be in effect ample and commodious depots. At the head of these piers or wharves is abundant land for the construction of warehouses, four of which, to be built of substan- tial granite, are to be immediately erected by the Compr.ny. Tix; charter of the Company permits it to lease or sell to other Railroad Corporations such portions of its grounds as may be desirable, for the erection of freight depots ; and the whole thirty acres of its grounds are expected to be occupied in that manner. The Company's grounds are accessible from the open sea on the south to the largest class of ships, and the docks are protected from easterly storms. They con- tain 1,465,920 square feet of land, piers and docks, divided as fol- lows, viz: — 1,058,251 square feet of land, 183,195 do. oak piers 245 i in 1847, g a line of , and Bos- Company wharf and less whicl. icts of this esigned to the opera- ; to aid in iport trade to immedi- "ht of the lier agency y. A ship to Canada, the return le cargo of in store or commodity, le saving of ual a hirge I, or to the acres, the antial sea- rinal street, enu to the lur of tliem ewhat lei=s uilt in tlie Road, a merchan- pier is to mmodious nt hind lor f siihstan- p.ny. Tiie Ivaih'oad )le, lor the ts grounds y's grounds st chiss of Tlioy con- ed as fol- oak pier'. 244,474 do. docks ; and havn a frontage on Marginal street of 1 fi'jO feet in length. Besides the above, the Company owns about 4"j(5,721 square feet of land, with a water front of 1000 feet, near the bridge over Chelsea creek. The real estate owned by the Company com- prised in these two lots amounts to 1,922,041 square feet, including 1)351 feet in length of wharf accommodations, in the deepest and best part of the harbor for commercial purposes. The Railway will ex- tend from the Company's depots and the warehouses at East Boston, through Chelsea and Korth JMalden, to the Boston and 3Iaine Rail- road in Somerville, north of the Middlesex Canal, and will intersect the Boston and Lowell, and Fitchburg Roads, in Somerville, near the present crossing of these Roads. The depots on the grounds of the Company are thus connected with four of the principal Railroads en- tering the city, (and through them with the interior roads reaching to the Canadas and great lakes.) viz : — the Eastern, Boston and Maine, Fitchburg, and Boston and Lowell Railroads, — thus attbrding a ciiairi of Railroad communication from deep water at our wharves, through the great manufacturing districts of New England, to the Canadas, the Lakes, and the great Western country ; and probably, at no very distant day, uniting by one continuous Railroad line the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans. The length of the Grand Junction Railroad itself is 6 and G-lOths miles, and, as was remarked by many of the guests who rode over it on the second day of the Jubilee, when it was first opened, the Road is finished in a very superior manner. The officers of the Company are : — President — Samuel S. Lewis ; Directors — David Henshaw, Charles Paine, of Northfield, Vt., leha- bod Goodwin, of Portsmouth, N. H., and John W. Fenno, of Boston ; Chief Engineer — William L. Dearborn ; Treasurer — Dexter Brig- ham, Jr. ; Clerk — J. P. Robinson. i'« ;! i^'Wl 246 S197,774 50 350,000 00 152,225 50 RUTLAND AND BURLINGTON RAILROAD. The Rutland and Burlington Railroad, extending from Bellows Falls on the Connecticut River, to Burlington on L;