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 1 2 3 
 
 1 
 
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 4 
 
 5 
 
 6 
 

 .a). 
 
 1 
 
 MR. BAVIN 
 
 
 Ititi 
 
 ON 
 
 i; 
 
 
 
 >W. 
 
 AND 
 
 
 St) 
 
 / 
 
 ADDISON AND STEF.LE V, 
 
 ON TTIE ^ 
 
 ^ 
 
 i\- 
 
 
 IJSli; OIj^ TltlK F^^^>T. 
 
 * 
 
 EDITED EY 
 
 NICHOr.Ab 
 
 T — -V T- 
 
 S I:^ I. O O I> I) A ^ 
 
 (Of the MiS/iU Temple, Barrisicr-at-Lavj, ) 
 
 J , ^-3 CJ .) 
 
 q 
 
 Author of "France and Germany," (January, 1S71,) 5:0. , in (^Vs^i 
 minster Review— vo'Ry.v.ni.x of T/ze ^S'l'a^ Fall Mall Gaxette, kv., &c. 
 
 — — >"»--l#*>-»«4- 
 
 TORONTO: 
 
 Globe Printing CoMPAJfY, 2G & 28 KiNa Street East. 
 
 1874. 
 
A newspaper which has attained a high character for truthfulness, and 
 for the dignity and ability with which it is conducted, lately published an 
 article in which the following sentence occtirs : — " More than once of late 
 an editorial writer on the Globe haa been shown to have palmed off in the 
 columns of that journal articles on such subjects as ' Fanning in Church,' 
 * Dancing,' &c., taken almost bodily from the pa.ofes of the old British 
 Essayists, and without acknowledgment transferred to those particular 
 columns which are supposed to bo devoted to original articles. " (Mail, 
 Oct. SOfch, 1874.) To test the accuracy of this statement, let us take the 
 first article mentioned, "Fanning in Church," which appeared in the 
 Olote, June 13th, 1874. I am the author of that article. A great paper, 
 such as that of which I am one of the editors, cannot stoop to notice 
 things of this sort. But I low throw off the veil of anonymity, which has 
 not been respected — and which I wish, for my own part, I could always 
 discard. Not only do I print my own article on "Fanning in Church," 
 but I print all that ever appeared in the Spectator on the fan and fanning. 
 There is no use in wasting another word on a matter which is only one 
 among thousands of instances which show into what skilful and honorable 
 hands the conduct of our newspapers has in great part fallen. It may 
 however be said that the charge of plagiary— which has been made against 
 almost every eminent writer who has claimed the attention of the public — 
 is a compliment in disguise ; for nobody will accuse you of stealing what 
 is of no value. I think I know a newspaper, and an editor, whose articles 
 will never be charged with the taint of plagiary. I may also express my 
 regret that I have to treat an ephemeral production, such as an article in 
 a daily paper, as if it was literature, and to place it side by side with the 
 essays of two writers such as Addison and Steele, whose work was pro- 
 duced under conditions more favorable to intellectual activity than those 
 enjoyed by the literary omnibus horses who " run" a newspaper through- 
 out the year. 
 
 : 
 
 The 
 church, 
 as busj 
 and wh 
 might 1 
 text in 
 Catholi 
 human 
 of the c 
 ated ca 
 housed 
 i)f artifi 
 lire four 
 lady of 
 inost un 
 ^ould t 
 i cross ( 
 ^st at tl 
 4 sigh a 
 f sits ui 
 liecall tl 
 <|f moui 
 the 1 
 lese ra 
 btained 
 Lid do\ 
 single 
 )w in ( 
 ir, nov 
 iprove 
 ^votior 
 lerinGf 
 jumed 
 i us thi 
 lies, c 
 itter. 
 lich, a 
 ming 
 [d thai 
 3S for 
 isider 
 lies — i 
 [Here 
 cler^ 
 
II 
 
 iDjL'V'iisr. 
 
 ess, and 
 Lshed an 
 
 of late 
 in the 
 
 Imrch,' 
 British 
 
 irticular 
 {Mail, 
 
 take the 
 
 1 in the 
 ,t paper, 
 
 notice 
 hich has 
 
 1 always 
 Jhurch," 
 fanning, 
 only one 
 onorable 
 
 It may 
 e against 
 public — 
 ing what 
 B articles 
 press my 
 article in 
 with the 
 was pro- 
 lan those 
 through- 
 
 FANNING IN CHURCH. 
 
 The warm weather is now come, and the ladies who ply their fans in 
 church, and whom we shall take leave to call the Fanning Sisterhood, aro 
 as busy as ever they can be — when they are not at Church they practice, 
 and when they are there they work away with the enerijy of people who 
 might think fanning the end cf existence, and who remembered only one 
 text in the Bib'e, to wit, " Time is short." The Fanning Sisterhood is a 
 Catholic society, and embraces all types of "the adorable half of the 
 human race," all ages and nearly all sects. The gaunt spinster, the lady 
 of the dumpling order, she whose soul seems to flame through the attenu- 
 ated cage of the body, anH she whose immortal spark is comfortably 
 housed in circumvallations c.i massive adipose tissue, belong to this society 
 i)f artificial and unnecessary wind manufacturers. Within its folds, too, 
 Ire found the agreeable old lady of seventy, and the more agreeable young 
 lady of seventeen ; matrons of thirty are there, and mademoiselles of that 
 inost uncertain of all things — a certain age. The High Church lady who 
 ^ould think her soul was lost if she read out of a prayer-book without 
 4 cross on the cover, the Low Church terror of curates who shakes her 
 ^st at the young a colyte who is not sound, the gentle Methodist that wafts 
 a sigh across the Atlantic after Mr. Punshon, the fair Independent who 
 I'sits under" her favorite minister, the Presbyterian lady whose features 
 liecall the " banks of Doon," or *' rocks that steeply lower" in the "land 
 4f mountain and of flood" — all these and many other varieties are found 
 the ranks of the Fanning Sisterhood. And as the classes from which 
 lese ranks are recruited are various, so also are the degrees of success 
 btained, just as we fear the objects in view are difierent, for it may be 
 |.id down as an infallible rule that no lady who flirts a fan in church has 
 [single eye ; on the contrary, she generally ha;? two active orbs engaged 
 )w in ogling, now in taking an inventory of the costume of all around 
 sr, now in playing the peeper on some little episode which she does not 
 iprove by noticing, and now in gathering to herself an air of rapt 
 ^votion while watching out of a sly corner to count her admirers. Con- 
 lering the strength of the society, and the importance which the fan has 
 sumed as an instrument of religious worship with ladies, it is astonishing 
 lis that they have not insisted, as only ladies, and especially religious 
 lies, can insist, that clergymen should give a little attention to this 
 liter. But up to the present — no doubt owing to the greater modesty 
 lich, as compared with the rest of female creation, characterizes the 
 ming Sisterhood — nothing has been done. We have inquired, and we 
 that at not a single one of the Sunday schools in this city is there a 
 3S for teaching girls how to use their fans in church. This must be 
 isidered a crying want, since the chief act of devotion of most of our 
 [ies — for the Fanning Sisterhood is a large body— is plying their fans. 
 [ Here is an opportunity for reforming energy, and we sincerely hope 
 clergy will not sleep over the matter. Indeed, not only is it necessary 
 
to instruct, young ladies how to use a fan while engaged in devotion ; we 
 hope the youthful mind of both sexes will be accustomed to the exercise, 
 and for at once an obvious and a weighty reason. Everybody knows what 
 a slave of association man is, and when a person has not been duly instructed 
 in the solemn nature of the manipulation of a fan, he is apt to think it 
 frivolous, and to be not a little shocked at the incongruous spectacle of a 
 lady confessing audibly that she is a miserable sinner, or praying aloud to 
 be delivered from appalling calamity, and at tlie same time indulging in 
 movements which are associated in most minds with gay carnival scenes, 
 with the Spanish balcony, and the stolen interview, and the compliant 
 duenna ; with Italian evenings of holiday ; with syren smiles and looks 
 sweet and dangerous to trust. A so^ '^^e farmer, who lias lately come to 
 live in this city and has a family o" ily daughters, leaving St. James' 
 
 last Sunday morning expressed h' nination to send the next day for 
 
 a dancing-master; "for," said he, "I wish to have my daughters con- 
 duct themselves properly in church, and I suppose a dancing-master will 
 know all aboui; this fan business " The sooner the wise resolve of this 
 good agriculturist is followed the better. Ever since the hot weather 
 came, a large number of persons leave all the churches in this city quite 
 unrefreshed and peevish because their devotions have been disturbed, and 
 their attention to an excellent sermon-- all our sermons are excellent — dis- 
 tracted by one or more of the Fanning Sisterhood. " What !" exclaimed 
 an uninstructed person to whom we wished to explain that fanning in 
 <jhurch was the choicest development of sincere female piety, " What, Sir ! 
 It is enough to drive an honest man mad to see a gaily dressed woman 
 kneeling and i)ouring forth responses to the litany, while she plies her 
 fan in a languishing manner and shoots philandering glances over the 
 fantastic scolloi^s of the faphionable abomination." Another gentleman 
 complained that his grievance was that the fans were used so unartistically, 
 This gentleman had travelled in Italy, where fan language is daily inter 
 course — where you may be invited to sup or serenade by a movement of 
 the delicate female appendage, and where it is carried with exquisite nicety 
 and grace. 
 
 All this points clearly to having a class under the direction of the 
 minister of the church for teaching young ladies how to make use of the 
 fan when engaged in devotion. And also instruction f J young men, so 
 ks to have them avoid misconception. It is clear that the carriage of the 
 fan should be different when entering church from that which is suitable 
 when the service commences, and again how to hold it when a hymn oi 
 tnumph is sung must be the very antithesis of the suitable manner when 
 making a pathetic confession, or engaged in fervent prayer. We must 
 therefore recommend tiiis question to those who get up movements for the 
 better ordering of our religious services. Let there be a tea meeting pre- 
 sided over by the leading members of the Fanning Sisterhood, and lei 
 them at once set on foot rewards for those who can use their fans best, anc 
 a means of educating not merely their own sex in the proper way of plyin 
 the fan, but^also the other sex into an appreciative mood. 
 
 Perhaps we are cowardly in our project of reform. There is an old 
 rough proverb that " What is good for the goose is good for the gander," 
 and if the fan really cools and ministers to devotion, why should there Lot 
 
 be a Far 
 are met 
 we tren 
 Medical 
 ficially c 
 occurrin 
 possible 
 then is 1 
 it more 
 ct)ld in i 
 beauty- 
 young h 
 pocket, 
 is true £ 
 of view- 
 Tales, i 
 Yet any 
 do good 
 It is bai 
 hood w( 
 stitutioi 
 it in chi 
 preache 
 which " 
 used fai 
 
 Mr. Si 
 
 Wo] 
 do mor 
 entire 
 academ 
 accordi 
 at Cou: 
 in my I 
 exercis 
 
tion ; we 
 exercise, 
 ows what 
 istructed 
 
 tliink it 
 acle of a 
 • aloud to 
 ilgiug in 
 al scenes, 
 ompliant 
 nd looks 
 
 come to 
 James' 
 <:t day for 
 ters con- 
 ister will 
 e of this 
 ; weather 
 iity quite 
 rbed,and 
 ent — dis- 
 xclaimed 
 mning in 
 ^hat, Sir ! 
 d woman 
 plies her 
 over the 
 ;entleman 
 tistically 
 dly inter- 
 ement of 
 iito nicety 
 
 ion of the 
 ise of th 
 y men, so 
 ige of the 
 3 suitable 
 , hymn of 
 ner when 
 We must 
 ts for the 
 jting pre- 
 i, and lei 
 best, anc 
 of plyin 
 
 is an olc 
 gander,"! 
 there Lotl 
 
 be a Fanning Brotherhood as well as a Fanning Sisterhood ? But here we 
 are met on the part of the men with an objection which actually strikes — 
 we tremble as we write the words — at the use of the fan altogether ? 
 Medical authorities are against its use, on the ground that a draught arti- 
 ficially created by a fan will give a person cold as scxm as any accidoiitiiily 
 occurring draught. We sincerely hope this is not the case. But it is im- 
 possible to ignore the authorities in favor of the theory. The choice 
 then is between a fashionable adjunct of piety, and health ; or, to put 
 it more properly, simplicity and health against fashionable piety and a 
 cold in the head. And here another element comes in— the element of 
 beauty — an element not utterly disdained by the Fanning Sisterhood. A 
 young lady with a cold in her head ""^d a damp pf»ckot-handkerchief in her 
 pocket, is, however good her look *■• without linen of the ridiculous. It 
 is true she might Iip.vc some adva ^rom the High Churchman's point 
 
 of view — and of her it might be said, as of the Abbess in the Canterbury 
 Tales, that she could intone the service full sweetly through her nose. 
 Yet anything that directly causes harm to the body we may be sure cannot 
 do good to the soul, and therefore cannot be pleasing to the author of both. 
 It is barely possible, therefore, that it would be well if the Fanning Sister- 
 hood would review the question whether the fan is or is not a Divine in • 
 stitution, and if they should lind out that it is not, and that by disusirg 
 it in church they will at once cease to imperil their health and disturb the 
 preacher and the congregation, all the elaborate schemes of fan cultivation 
 which ",ve have been revolving may be laid on (me side with the dis- 
 used fan. 
 
 III. 
 
 A.IDIDIS01sr. 
 
 (Spectator, No. 10.2.) 
 Mr. Spectator, ^ 
 
 Women are armed with fans as men are with swords, and sometimes 
 do more execution Avith them. To the end, therefore, that ladies may he 
 entire mistresaes of the weapon which they bear, I have erected an 
 academy for the training up of young women in the exercise of the fan, 
 according to the most fashionable airs and motions that are now practised 
 at Court. The ladies who carry fans under me are drawn up twice a day 
 in my great hall, where they are instructed in the use of their arms, and 
 exercised by the following words of command : 
 
 Handle your fans. 
 Unfurl your fans. 
 Discharge your fans. 
 Ground your fans, 
 Recover your fans, 
 Flutter your fans. 
 
By the right observation of these few plain words of command, f ^ exerc 
 woman of a tolerable genius, who will apply herself diligently to he '^^f ^^ ^ 
 exercise for the space of but one half year, shall be able to give her fa: ^i "^ ^^' 
 all the graces that can possibly enter into that modish machine. • a tend( 
 
 But to the end that my readers may form to themselves a right notioi . -y^*^^® 
 of this exercise, I beg leave to explain it to them in all its parts. Whe: • f. ^^li 
 my female regiment is dra-\vn up in array, with every one her weapon ii-^ . x^'tT, 
 her hand, upon my givin^^ the word to handle their fans, each of then ^^^^ "^ 
 shakes her fan at lue with a smile, then gives her right-hand woman jt^ ^^^^ 
 tap upon the shoulder, then presses her lips with the extremity of her'^ ? 
 fan, then lets hor arms fall in an easy motion, and stands in a readinesl^^ _^' 
 to receive the next word of command. All this is done with a close Fanr^^®^?^ 
 and is generally learned in the first week. 
 
 ind of i1 
 ir the h 
 
 The next motion is that of unfurling the fan, in which are compre- , 
 
 hended several little flirts and vibrations, as also gradual and deliberate ' 
 
 openings, with many voluntary fallings asunder in the fan itself, that are ^^Pj^l^. 
 
 seldom learned under a month's practice. This part of the exercise , 
 
 ^ ?e of n 
 
 infinite number of cupids, garlands, altars, birds, beasts, rainbows, ainr"^^^^^^' 
 
 pleases the spectators more than any other, as it discovers on a sudden an 
 
 the like agreeable figures that display themselves to view, whilst every oncp^® ^ ^^ 
 
 11 
 
 in the regiment holds a picture in her hand. elcome i 
 
 Upon my giving the word to discharge their fans, they give one general 
 crack that may be heard a considerable distance when the wind sits fair. P.S. 
 This is one of the most difficult parts of the exercise ; but I have several N.B.— 
 ladies with me who at their first entrance could not give a pop loud jnse. 
 enough to be heard at the further end of the room, and can now discharge a 
 fan in such a manner that it shall make a report like a pocket pistol. I 
 have likewise taken care (in order to hinder young women from letting 
 off their fans in wrong places or unsuitable occasions) to show upon what 
 subject the crack of a fan may come in properly ; I have likev;ise invented 
 a fan with which a girl of sixteen, by the help of a little wind which is 
 enclosed about one of the largest sticks, can make as loud a crack as a 
 woman of fifty with an ordinary fan . 
 
 When the fans are thus discharged, the word of command in course is 
 to ground their fans. This teaches a lady to quit her fan gracefully when 
 she throws it aside in order to take up a pack of cards, adjust a curl of 
 hair, replace a falling pin, or apply herseF. to any other matter of import- 
 ance. This part of the exercise, as it only consists in tossing a fan with 
 an air upon a long table (which stands by for that purpose), may bo 
 learned in two days time as well as in a twelvemonth. 
 
 When my female regiment is thus disarmed, I generally let them 
 walk about the room for some time ; when on a sudden, (like ladies that 
 look upon their watches after a long visit) they, all of them, hasten to 
 their arms, catch them up in a hurry, and place themselves in their proper 
 stations upon my calling out, "Recover your fans." This part of the 
 exercise is not difficult, provided a woman applies her thoughts to it. 
 
 The fluttering of the fan is the last, and indeed the masterpiece of 
 the whole exercise ; but if a lady does not mis-spend her time, she may 
 make herself mistress of it in three months. I generally lay aside the 
 dog-days and the hot time of the summer for the teaching this part of 
 
 Sir,— 
 »u from 
 the far 
 ways he 
 •w to us 
 es to m 
 irn the 
 lich are 
 11 speak 
 .ow wha 
 lere he 
 n have 
 ntlema 
 f own ( 
 
mmand, l^Q exercise; fof as soon as ever I ^^ronounco, "Flutter your fans," thd 
 tly to hep*^® i^ tilled with so man;' zephyrs and gentle breezes as are very refresh- 
 I'^e her fai ^1 i" *hat season of the year, though they might be dangerous to ladies 
 
 : a tender constitution in any other, 
 ffht notio] There is an infinite variety of motions to be made use of in the flutter 
 ts Whei • ^ ^"^"^ There is the an^ry flutter, the modest flutter, the timorous 
 woanon ii ^^^^®^> *^^° confused flutter, the merry flutter, and tlie amorous flutter. 
 1 of then ^^ ^'^ ^^ tedious, there is scarce any emotion of the mind which does not 
 
 woman j^^^"^'^ ^ suitable agitation in the fan, insomuch, tliat if I only see the 
 itv of her^ ^^ ^ disciplined lady, I know very well whether she laughs, frowns, or 
 
 readinesJ^^^^'^" ^ have seen a fan so very angry, that it would have been 
 close Fan^^^®^^^^ ^^^ ^^^ absent lover who provoked it to have come within the 
 find of it ; and at other times so very languishing, that I have been glad 
 3 comnre-'^ ^^^ lady's sake the lover was at a sufficient distance from it. I need 
 deliberate ^^ ^^'-^t ^^^-t a fan is eithei" a prude or coquette according to the nature of 
 f that are ^® person who bears it. To conclude my letter, I must acquaint you 
 3' exercise ^^* ^ have, from my own observations, compiled a little treatise for tho 
 sudden an "® ^^ ^^ scholars, entitlod, ** The Passions of the Fan ;" which I will 
 bows anr >nimunicate to you, if you think it may be of use to the public. 
 ' xve a general review on Thursday next ; to which you shall 
 
 every one 
 
 I 
 
 be 
 
 elcome if you will honour it with your presence. 
 
 shall 
 very 
 
 I am, &c. 
 
 STEELEl. 
 
 ne general 
 
 [ sits fair. P.S. — I teach young gentlemen the whole Art of Gallanting a Fan. 
 
 ve several N.B. — I have several little plain fans made for this use, to avoid ex- 
 pop loud >nse. L. 
 
 ischarge a 
 
 )istol. I 
 
 )m letting 
 pon what 
 invented 
 which is 
 
 3rack as a 
 
 course is 
 illy when 
 
 a curl of 
 f imjiort- 
 
 fan with 
 
 may bo 
 
 let them 
 dies that 
 lasten to 
 ir proper 
 
 of the 
 o it. 
 
 piece of 
 she may 
 iside the 
 
 part of 
 
 (Spectator, No. 134.) 
 
 July the 5th, 1711. 
 
 SiE, — In your Spectator of June the 7th, you transcribe a letter sent to 
 )u from a new sort of muster-master who teaches ladies the whole exercise 
 the fan ; I have a daughter just come to town, who, though she haa 
 ways held a fan in her hand at proper times, yet she knows no more 
 >w to use it, according to true discipline, than an awkward school-boy 
 es to make use of his new swc.:d. I have sent for her on purpose to 
 a,rn the exercise, she being already very well accomplished in all other arts 
 lich are necessary for a young lady to understand ; my request is, that you 
 11 speak to your correspondent on my behalf, and in your next paper, let me 
 low what he expects, either by the month, or the quarter, for teaching; and 
 lere he keeps his place of rendezvous. I have a son too, whom I would 
 .n have taught to gallant fans, and should be glad to know what the 
 ntleman will have for teaching them both, I finding fans for practice at 
 f own expense. This information will in the highest manner oblige, 
 
 Sir, 
 Your mo»t humblo Servant, 
 
 William Wiseaorb. 
 
As soon as my son is perfect in the art (which I hope will be in a year'i 
 time, for the boy is pretty apt), I desii^n lie shall learn to ride the grealj 
 horse (although he i» not yet above twenty years old), if his mother, whoa 
 darling he is, will venture him 
 
 TO TirK .SPECTATOR. 
 
 The Humble Petition of llenjamin Eask, Gent, Slieweth. : 
 
 That it was your iJetitionor's nuHfortuno to walk to Hackney Ohurcl 
 last Sunday, where, tr. his groat amazement, he met with a soldier of you J 
 own training ; she furls a tan, recovers a fan, and goes through the whole 
 exercise of it to admiration. This well-managed ofticer of yours has, t(i 
 my knowledge, been the ruin of above five young gentleman besides myself j 
 and still goes on laying waste vvheresoev cr she comes, whereby the wholt 
 village is in groat (langer. Our humble request is, therefore, that this 
 bold amazon be ordered immediately to lay down her arms, or that yoii| 
 would issue forth an order, that we who have been thus injured may raeelj 
 at the place of general rendezvous, and there be taught to manage oui 
 snuflf boxes in such a manner as we may be an equal match for her. 
 
 And your petitioner shall ever pray, &c. 
 
 IV. 
 
 The reader can now judge of the good faith of the writer who has let 
 me to trouble him with these republications. Ih all other cases, as in thisi 
 the charge made is totally false. To abuse, written under whateve^ 
 impulse and with whatever object, I do not reply ; if I did, he may b< 
 certain it would not be in worn out phrases of musty vituperation, 
 
 THIS iiOOA 
 MAY NOT BE TAK£W 
 
 FROM THE LIBRARY. 
 
 9 
 
 V 
 
nae