IMAGE EVALUATION TEST TARGET (MT-3) 4 A O ^ .m /, It % 1.0 I.I IA£12.8 12.5 itt Uii |2.2 12.0 1.25 gi.4_ 11.6 m n 7 /^ '^ '/ Photographic Sciences Corporation 33 WEST MAIN STREET WE»STE»,N.Y. U580 (716) •72-4503 1" CIHM/ICMH Microfiche Series. CIHM/ICMH Collection de microfiches. Canadian Institute for Historical Microreproductions / Institut Canadian de microreproductions historiques Technical and Bibliographic Notes/Notes techniques et bibilographiques The Institute has attempted to obtain the best original copy available for filming. Features of this copy which may be bibliographically unique, which may alter any of the images in the reproduction, or which may significantly change the usual method of filming, are checked below. D Coloured covers/ Couverture de couleur r~n Covers damaged/ D Couverture endommagAe Covers restored and/or laminated/ Couverture restaurAe et/ou peiliculAe I I Cover title missing/ Le titre de couverture manque □ Coloured maps/ Cartes gAographlques en couleur □ Coloured ink (i.e. other than blue or black)/ Encre de couleur (i.e. autre que bleue ou noire) I I Coloured plates and/or illustrations/ G D D D Planches et/ou illustrations en couleur Sound with other material/ ReliA avec d'autres documents Tight binding may cause shadows or distortion along interior margin/ La reliure serr^e peut causer de I'ombre ou de la distortion le long de la marge intArieure Blank leaves added during restoration may appear within the text. Whenever possible, these have been omitted from filming/ II se peut que certaines pages blanches ajoutAas tors d'une restauration apparaissent dans le texte, mais, lorsque cela Atait possible, ces pages n'ont pas At6 film6es. Additional comments:/ Commentaires supplAmentaires: L'Institut a microfilm^ le meilleur exMmplaire qu'il lui a AtA possible de se procurer. Les details de cet exemplaire qui sont peut-Atre uniques du point de vue bibliographique, qui peuvent modifier une image reproduite, ou qui peuvent exiger une modification dans la methods norrnale de filmage sont indiquAs ci-dessous. D D D D D D D D D D Coloured pages/ Pages de couleur Pages damaged/ Pages endommagies Pages restored and/or laminated/ Pages restauries et/ou pellicul6es Pages discoloured, stained or foxed/ Pages dticoiorAes, tachettes ou piquAes Pages detached/ Pages d6tach6es Showthrough/ Transparence Quality of print varies/ QuaiitA inigaie de I'impression Includes supplementary material/ Comprend du materiel supplimentaire Only edition available/ Seule Edition disponibie Pages wholly or partially obscured by errata slips, tissues, etc., have been refilmed to ensure the best possible image/ Les pages totalement ou partiellement obscurcies par un feuillet d'errata, une pelure, etc., ont M fllmieit A nouveau de fapon A obtenir la meilleure image possible. This item is filmed at the reduction ratio checked below/ Ce document est fllmi au taux de rMuction indiquA ci-dessous. Th« tot^ Th« posi of tl filml Orig beg! the sion othi first sion oril The shai TINI whi( Mar diffi enti begi righ reqi met 10X 14X 18X 22X ,^ <- 26X 30X 7 12X 16X 20X 24X 28X 32X Th« copy film«d h«r« h«t b««n reproduced thanks to th« ganorosity of: Library Divitior Provincial Archives of British Columbia L'oxamplair* filmA fut raprodult grica A la g*n*rotit4 da: Library Divisioit Provincial Archives of British Coluntbia Tha imagas appaaring hara era tha bast quality poasibia considaring tha condition and iaglbility of tha original copy and in icaaping with tha filming contract apacifications. Original copias in printad papa/ covars ara filmad beginning with tha front covar and anding on tha last paga with a printad or illustratad impras- sion, or tha bacic covar whan appropriata. Ail othar original copias ara filntad beginning on tha first paga with a printad or illustratad impras- sion. and anding on tha last paga with a printad or illustratad imprassion. Tha last recorded frame on each microfiche shall contain the symbol -^ (meaning "CON- TINUED"), or the symbol V (meaning "END"), whichever applies. Les images suivantas ont At* reproduites avac la plus grand soin, compta tenu de la condition at da la nattet* de rexemplaira filmA. at en conformity avac las conditions du contrat de filmaga. Les exemplairas originaux dont la couverture en papier est imprim^e sont fiimAs en commen9ant par la premier plat at en terminant soit par la darnlAre page qui ccmporte une empreinte d'impression ou d'illustration. soit par la second plat, salon le cas. Tous las autres exemplairas criginaux sont filmAs en commenpant par la premiere paga qui comporte one empreinte d'impression ou d'illustration at en terminant par la darniire paga qui comportr une telle empreinte. Un des symboles suivants apparaitra sur la darniire image de cheque microfiche, seion le cas: le symbols — ► signifie "A SUIVRE ", le symbols V signifie "FIN". IMaps. plates, charts, etc., may be filmed at different reduction ratios. Those too large to be entirely included in one exposure are filmed beginning in the upper left hand corner, left to right and top to bottom, as many frames as required. The following diagrams illustrate the method: Les cartes, planches, tableaux, etc., peuvent Atre filmAs A des taux de reduction diffArents. Lorsque le document est trop grand pour Atre reproduit en un seul clichA, il est film* A partir de Tangle supArieur gauche, de gauche A droite, et de haut en bas. en prenant le nombre d'Images nAcessaire. Les diagrammes suivants illustrent la mAthode. 1 2 3 1 2 3 4 5 6 ^^u)p Vvm ^^%'^Vv^w\'fVA'Mx(ti/j^HT.|rr ft^y. fi I I BBPOBT ON BXPlX)BATIONS AND COLLECTIONS IN THE QUEEN CHAELOTTE ISLANDS, BRITISH COLUMBIA. By James G. Swan. In 1873 1 wrote a memoir on the Haidah Indians, of Qneen Charlotte Islands, which was published in the Smithsonian Contributions to Knowledge (No. 267), Jannary, 1874. In the advertisement the late Professor Henry says that, " under the head of ethnology, it raises some questions which seem of great significance, and which it is hoped will lead to farther investigations." It was not, however, till 1883 that an arrangement was efiectcd, when, early in that year, I was sent by Profe^^sor Baird to that interesting group of islands lying in the North Pacific Ocean, off the coast of British Columbia, between lat. 51^ 30^ and 54<> 20' north, to make collections and obtain useful information for the United States Fish Commission, the National Museum, and the Bureau of Ethnology. On the 29th day of May, 1883, 1 left Port Towusend, Wash., for Vic- toria, B* C, to make my arrangements for the cruise, by purchasing all necessaly stores and outfits, and securing a credit with the Hudson Bay Company to make purchases and draw orders on their traders at Fort Simpson, B.C., and atMasset, on Graham Island,the largest of the Queeu Charlotte group. I also made a similar arrangement with the Skidegate Oil Company to give orders on their store at their oil works, near Skide- gate village, B. C. This was to enable me better to trade with Indians for the procuring of specimens of their manufactures, and to avoid the trouble and risk of carrying coin with me to those islands, and to ena- ble me to keep an account of my expenditures in a more satisfactory manner. Having completed my arrangements, I next secured the serv* ices of an assistant and interpreter, a young Haidah Indian, a native of the Elueor Cumshewa district on the. eastern coast of Moresby Island, the second largest of the Qneen Charlotte Islands. This Indian, whose name is Johnny Kit Elseva, I had personally known for some time as one of the most intelligent, faithful, and reliable natives I ever have seen. To his qualifications as a cook and general servant he added those of an interpreter; his knowledge of English, which he speaks fluently, enabling him to understand me fully at all times. He is also a working jeweler, skilled in making silver bracelets, ear-rings, and charms, and a good carver in wood and stone. He is also an artist, and has dniwn for me in India ink a series of mythological sketches lllastrative of the folk-lore of his tribe, and is still at work in finishing cX 187 ^ 138 BEPOBT ON THE QUEEN CHARL(JTT£ ISLANDS. other sketches, which, when completed and fully described by me, ^11 be forwarded for the use of the Smithsonian Institution. As the communication with Queen Gbarlotte Islands is very uucer- tiain I was obliged to wait for the steamer " Otter," which for many years has made semi-annual voyages to the islauds, going in tie spring with supplies for the Hudson Bay Company trading-post at Masset, and with goods for the oil company at Skidegate, and returning in October to take away the furs, fish, and oil that have been collected during the season. From some cause of delay the "Otter" did not leave Victoria until Monday, June 18, when we made a start at noon for Masset via all the trading stations and canneries on the route. I did not object to this, as I was thereby enabled to see many places where I expected to procure specimens, without additional cost for passage. As the detail of a sea voyage would be unnecessary here, I will omit all mention of it except of the places where we stopped. The next day, June 19, wearrive^at Alert Bay, on Cormorant Island, the trading-post and cannery of Mr. Wesley Hudson, who has been there a number of years, and takes an interest in scientific matters, and is considered a reliable man in all his statements regarding fisheries, seals, and other fur-bearing animals, and in Indian lore. I shall refer to this gentleman in my general report. At 11.45 p. m. we left; Alert Bay and ran down Johnson's strait to Queen Charlotte Sound, and at 1 p. m. on the 20th we arrived at the canneries of Shotbolt & Co., at the head of Biver's Inlet, where we dis- charged some freight, and left at 2.30 p. m. In this inlet, besides Shot- bolt's canneries, are a saw-mill and canning establishment of Messrs. Saunders and Warren, of Victoria, but I did not visit them, as the steu mer remained so short a time. After leaving Biver's Inlet we ran up Fitzhugh Sound to the Hudson Bay Company's trading-post of Bella Bella, where we arrived June 21 at 1.30 a. m., and left at 2. a. m. for the mouth of the Skeena Biver, where there is another cannery, at a place called Port Essington, where we ar- rived at midnight; but I did not go ashore, as we shortly left for Metla- katla, where we arrived at 6.30 a. m. on Friday the 22d. Shortly after our arrival Bishop Ridley, the bishop of the diocese, came on board and kindly invited me to go ashore with him, which I did, and was introduced by him to Eev. Mr. Colliuson, one of the mis- sionaries, who has a fine collection of fossils and Indian curiosities, which he kindly showed me, but as I had but a short time to remain on shore I made a hurried visit, which I would gladly have prolonged, and then went to the residence of the Rev. Mr. Duucau, the founder of the Met- lakatla mission, and the teacher aud preacher to the Indians of the Tsimsean tribe, who have a settlement at Motlakatlu. I W83 very cordially received by Mr. Duucau, who showed me some blankets and shawls made by the mission Indians, and then took me to T BEPORT ON THE QUEEN CHARLOTTE ISLANDS. 130 his oa!hiiery, where some flfty Indians, men and women, were engaged canning salmon. Eveiything was scrnpulously n^at and clean, and the whole work done with a precision and exactness which showed that Indians can be taught to do sach kind of work, and, when taaght, are as capable as a majority of white men, and are far preferable to Chinese. Mr. Duncan next wished me to visit his church, which I desired very much to do, but just then the whistle of the old steamer Otter gave the signal for departure, and, escorted by Mr. Duncan, I returned on board, and at 8.15 a. m. we left for the Hudson Bay Company's post at Fort Simpson, where we arrived at 12 o'clock noon. Fort Simpson is situated on the mainland but a few miles south of the boundary between British Columbia and Alaska. It is one of the principal trading posts of the company, and is under charge of Mr. B. H. Hall, from whom I purchased a quantity of Indian manufactures in carved stone, to be sent by him to Victoria for me. I also saw Eev. Thomas Crosby, Wesleyau missionary, from whom I purchased several articles made by Tsimsean Indians, and then went with him to visit hi.3 church and school. I found a marked improvement in the appearance of Fort Simpson since I visited it seven years ago in the U. S. 8. " Wolcott." The old unsightly Indian houses of former days had been removed, and a pretty village of neat cottages surrounds the fine chur<;h, and gives evidence of the skill and taste of the Indians, when encour- aged by intelligent sympathy, to emulate the dwellings of white men. The general effect of the village, when viewed from the anchorage, is very pleasing, and would be creditable to any of our frontier towns. At 1.30 P. M. we left Fort Simpson for Fort Wranpel, Alaska, where we arrived the next morning (Saturday, 23d) at 8 o'clock. At Fort Wrangel I purchased several articles of Indian manufacture, and saw many more, but as they all came from Queen Charlotte Islands, where I was going, I concluded to make my purchases there. Having finished our business at Fort Wrangel we were ready to leave at noon, but there being a very heavy sea and stormy SB. gale of wind all day we re- -^ained until the next morning (Sunday, 24th). At 3 o'clock we started u.ad ran down Stachinski Strait into Duke of Clarence Strait, where we encountered a stormy head wind and heavy head sea, which retarded our progress till the next morning (Monday the 25th), when we had a teniflc time with a stormy tide-rip and SE. gale, which tossed the old steamer as if she were an egg shell. At 2 p. m. the wind and sea went down and we soon got out of Clarence Strait iuto Dixon's Entrance and ran across to Masset Inlet, north end of Graham Island, and anchored off the Hudson Bay Company's post at Uttewas village, two miles up the inlet, where I was kindly and most hospitably received by Alex- ander McKenzie, esq., the company's agent at Masset, who furnished me comfortable quarters in a cottage within the company's inclosure. Masset is a very pretty place, situated on the east side of Masset Inlet. The land is low and level, and covered with dense foliage of evergreen 140 BEPORT ON THE QUEEN CHARLOTTE ISLANDS. treeci, spraoe, bemlook, and oedar, and an undergrowth of shrabbery, roue bnshes, wild oarrant, raspberry, and hazel, with mnoh open grass- land, on which wild strawberries are foond in great qoantitles, of nn- nsnal size and superior flavor. Strawberries and wild roses seem to be a specialty at Massut, and are noted by every i>er8on who visits Gra- ham Island in Jane. Masset is the site of the Indian town of Uttewas, a village containing 65 houses old and new, some of them deserted and in ruins ; nearly every house has a carved column erected in front covered with heraldic or totemic designs of the family residing within. These columns are pic- ture writings and illustrate the folk-lore of the tribe, and most oc' them are allegorical or mythical fables which I succeeded in (U'ciphering, and my account of them, with illustrations, will be prepared by me for my complete monograph on Queen Charlotte Islands. Fish. — ^The principal fish used by the Masset Indians for food, is the halibut, which abounds in the waters of the inlet and along the whole of the north shore of Graham Islflnd. Several varieties of salmon run up Masset Inlet, one of which, a small variety calle