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 • WORD IW SEASON, 
 
 
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 PRIN'llBD, AT THE COLONUI, PATRIOT OFFICE. 
 
 1833. 
 
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 TO THE HONORABLE THOMAS NICHOLSON JEFFUY, 
 J'ac present Mminislrator of the Governmmi of Iht Province of 
 
 .Yora Scoiiay Sfc. ^x. <^*c. 
 This bumble attempt to direct public attention towards applying 
 ibe natural resources of this Country to their legitimato pur- 
 poses of meliorating (he pecuniary circumstancds of its Inha- 
 bitants, ia respectfully inscribed 
 
 Bj 
 
 THE AUTHOR 
 
 
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 .»'>^u-iL.a <»^:i*g93Pg5^ 
 
 
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ARGUMENT, 
 upon ll,e nal„r.l resource, of ihe Country . 
 
 tBsm^ 
 
1 
 
I 
 
 A WORD IN SEASON, 
 
 TO TUB 
 riiHJDRMSJV JIJtTD FARMERS Of ffOVA-SCOTlA 
 
 i 
 
 THE following view of the capabilities and natnrol resoorcca 
 ofthia Province is most reRpectfully siibmilted Co the inlellifeot 
 and liberal minded people of Nova Scotia, by one of lhems«lve»; 
 being fully ronvinced that there are amongst'them many that wfll 
 to aid his endeavours to benefit the country, by asistin^; lii.s effbrtu 
 exhibit the manifold advantaoes with which nature has so bounti- 
 fully endowed this Colony. The unwearied zeal manifested by the 
 liegifilature for the advancement of the respective inlerosis of the 
 lisherman and farmer, is also a pledge, that if it contains anv- 
 ibing that legislative enactments can reduce to practice, so as to 
 contribute to that end, there are several individuals in that assem- 
 bly who will be found in their place to advocate those measures 
 that may tend to improve iheae branches of natioim! pros|><«i ity,an<l 
 thereby promote the very object of their legislative labours. Jf 
 it does not contain any practicable application of the subject, I 
 feel equally confident that their good breeding will inriuce theni 
 to overlook what their good sense or knowledge of the subject 
 may enable them to see amiss in the attempt; and thai thry wilt 
 value the production not so much on account of its real value, 
 ormiirit, if any il'possesses, as the motives which actuated llift 
 writer and the end ho had in view. 
 
 An elaborate disquisition is entirely unnecessary tn convince 
 not only them, but the majority of ihoso whose interests they re- 
 present and consequently immediately concerned; thai on theso 
 and these alone, with the cxcei^^ion of itn mineral productions* 
 
 * 8«e »ppfli)dix A. 
 
aa 
 
 8 
 
 cnliii'Iv il<'|)"inl-< II'" ,Miwi)iir(ly at a nali'in nn;! O'liufurts uh ir.divi- 
 dualvt S"f is It ni"('r.Hiiry to t)X(ii»ttat<» al tmy {i^rrut liMigtli f'ri th» 
 irisHjHM.ii.i'! < 'imii'i'ti.m wiiich i»ii,';til to Ix; obsfrvoil I>i'Iwi'>mi tliese 
 i«lrttiv«: l»riiiii li»>H (if 11 iti'itiiil imlus'iy, in <>r(J< r to m;.k» tluim 
 h.U'V.n'i •,;>■ uiiu I'lul la lliH ;;..iifiifal iritcrohl:' oi tlm coiiuiK.ii K'^od 
 ol'ttii! vjIi'iI*'. It ft mil iMc.vi'Vfc H'K.'I: H!i i-asy Ih^K, nor ao iiMiri)|)or- 
 tnut to ;ki< I'ilairi, llm lull o.Mciil (ifUial loiKH'ctio:), niid |K>iiit <i-.it by 
 Ki»lu!iirv liiw^ tt>" i»<i!;t eiricmot mann«r to acciiif it; nn it is t<» ad- 
 mit till' i.iiru.;j)l<! lirif it uii;;hl to lnj si.-rupiiloiislv olj.scrvcd Thut 
 llm li-llt'iifH iiii.fii.' cnitstntitc! u Huiiice ofwealtli, il'i)io;ici!v iHii- 
 3ecut«Hl is i'H!;iI,liHh('d bf'yond conjei-ture by tho Dutch. Tiu;ir 
 prrscn'. il>tiU Mij^btincssfH w.fro miijiiinlly » ctiltmy ttt'i)i-{)r Tish- 
 «i(iieii -ril tii! liii-ijj" kiiil |)i»|ii)ii)Urt citied thoy now e.\liibit 
 wore nolhitifj iiKtre liian a fv.w lulls for tbe occomtnodtitiori of 
 (li()3« iii(lii>',rioiia iiKii, vvlio I); their sUill and wiso laws, liave v.\- 
 «(;llt'd all oihtT naliotia lu llit) art of taking and curing Fish. 
 
 .Such waa tho impoitanco justly attached to this their only 
 f(triii!o rr.mmodily, that in 1036 wh«n Charles the First prohibit- 
 ed tho Dutch from fishin;,' on the Coast of Hcotland, tho States 
 <;en<!ral wero HO sensiblK of its value, that they paid the King 
 i2S0,000 for the liberty to fish that season, and offered to pay 
 annually the same sum for tho liberty to fish for ever; but it WB« 
 rofust'd! Thu?, for tho first dio the British see the real value of 
 that source of national wealth wliich they so much neglected nl- 
 !hr.' placed by nature at their very doors, but to which tho Du'oh 
 (,\vcd thtir onyin as a nation, not only as a powerful auxiliary to 
 make them n maritime people by recruiting their numerous and 
 powtihil navv, but by bciiij; iheir only source of commerce and 
 consenueutl/tliR only msnns to raise and support a navy, not 
 ..•ily ill IMt'n but every other material requisite for national de- 
 f.'nce S;icb was the extent and perfection to which the Trade 
 was prosecute.) that it is Huppused that sinc:e the year iiJOC) they 
 must 1 ive realized the enormous amount of Three hundred Mil- 
 lions Slcrlin-' Such an oversight on the part o( Great IJrilain 
 was as d"tnmenlal to her commerce as it was profitable to the 
 Dutch While llie IsiUfr were extending iheir political infiuenco 
 bv forming cities at home and Colonies abroad, the (ormcr was 
 makintr litlln or n'* pro^jresa towards that political ascendency 
 amon.'"t the nations which did now so Iranscondontly enjoys, 
 and rvhich II! a threat measure may be attributed to her 
 Fiiheri'-- She not onlv lost the advantages arisuig '"'m * 
 lucrative trade, but by ^'species ot unpardonabU. 'mbceility al- 
 lowed her fi=?h curi.ig rival to profit by her impolicy to such bu 
 extent as almost co.st her the brightest gem in her imperial dia- 
 dcm T'oes m;l 'his case bear a strilung giniilarity to tho manner 
 
-*t* 
 
 in wliich tlu! Americans enjoy our fifheries, and carry away an 
 imfnpn^n treasuio '•oHrly from our voiy doora, »hiln we, like our 
 forelalhiTs iti tlic chHO i>l ili< ir fi'liiMic^, ar*^ conient to In. k (ii 
 \vit>< f;<(jirr«ih! "(ii:ipiiciiy, womlerin^ nt llioir Pticcess and our 
 (Hilurf. \\ liilM wf Ctrgol flio maxim. " 'riiat the hnnd of the 
 diirfjcnt iiiakelh rr li,'" Hnd in no [lursiiit morn lilerdily irorrect, 
 than in llie ciiso ot (he FigliPrman. 'I'lint the Aaiericnns huvn 
 Bome ndvantii'»<;rt ovrr us in tlio nrticlo of proviijionv connol br; 
 dt-nivnl, lor ihey c-nii prociirft it nmrU ( lienper, (and I believe can 
 liusli:iiid it bi'tlor when obtaimul) than \vi; do tbe native growlli 
 ofourwKil; but tliui niir conti;;u!ty to the fishing stal ions witji 
 whicli \v«' «••« Burroundod, except llioso on the Labrado., ia n 
 mtjcb jjreaipr privilege, m^ equnlly truo. Our Fisherrnon whose 
 dwdlingH ar« on iho borders of Gulphs, liays and Harbour?, 
 wliicii tor KtiitrtblenesR and aufety are not equalled any wliere, and 
 which air .i^varming with every npecioa ol the piscatory tribe, in 
 many instances within gunshot of thair very Hie sides, enableii 
 them to prose(Mjto tho fisheries in bouts; while (he Americana 
 from the distance they ure obliged to come, the convenience re- 
 quired for making and stowing awny tho proceeds of seveiul 
 miin(l)>3 labour, togeliier wilh ihn room required for salt mid 
 empty barrels, require a vessel of fifty times the magnitude, orul 
 consiequently fifty times the actual cost of our boats. IJetwoeo 
 their outfit and our's, upon (ho whole, therefore, we have the 
 advantage; (or the diflerence in the pi ice of provisions holds no 
 proportion to the cost of the vessels required to carry on the 
 trade to an equal extent It is therefore clear that not upon the 
 h'gh price of provision alone, rests the blame of our repeated 
 failure, mid (heir invariable yuccess. The fact is, that the rnl- 
 culaling [lorscveriog Jonaihan is pursuing the fish from bank to 
 bank, and IVom station to station, with unwearied asdiduity, whica 
 almost invariably ensures success; while our Fishermen, or ra- 
 ther those who ought to b;; f.-hing, iro »-ilher walking about upon 
 the leach of Fox Island, in cnniident expectation that the fiih 
 will run a i^vound, as tlicy were wont to do, or by drinking blue 
 ruin rtinder themselves pei/ectly ludifi'erent what the end wili be, 
 until the Pinpty Puii( henr. or the chilly North Wester, announce 
 the approach of winter (o a pennylcsri find crednless Fisherman, 
 w.ih empty barrels and iininaciuird couyiitiition If these sl.ite- 
 rneiils bo correct, il i.s a subject vvhi'-h well deserves the atten- 
 tion of tbe Lcgislalure, and that they are true is too notorious n 
 fad to be concealed, however painful the adiniHsion may bo to that 
 class (tf ptopio more immediately concerned, or however demgn- 
 luiy it may bo to tho united wisdom ofthein RuI.ms. That mat- 
 t<Ts ure to be adjusted all of a suddcu is not to br eripectef), 
 ,aud to suppose (hat our Fishermen will arrive at tlt,!i dc'-icc of 
 
 3 
 
lit 
 
 Ijerfoclion, in iho ml of tukiiui: aiiiJ oiwiiijj! ricklMl Fiih, wliicU 
 will enable them to miiipul'i yiicccssful'v \\illi Biotiier Jonaihaii, 
 wDuhl lie Hssumiiia; !« p^eiiion \v!iio!i iIk; Iiis'ni y («f !i;!;':3 cotitr;.- 
 iJicts, and the pu'-^ing t;vciits oi'fNcry (iav's ()..TUirehc'(; lt:'r..i.i t.^ 
 roiifiil^. EN[if>riiMiL-<; aloiui nin) ri:) it without n:i;. |t<":uni.uy auJ, 
 liiit Jill the rnuiicy in liit; P:ovii)ci..i Tros^smy vyill nut •'.) it, lur 
 twenty yuais to cnine, wilhoiit e.vpei icii.,0. That a stiugglo 
 i«ti.st tako phice for this HScenU-iacy in Fnrei!.';i uliiihrtrt, bcioic 
 the t'lul ia accomptiished, i-i r!ear beyond u drfjht; Iho suoiiiif it 
 4'iunmeiicoi* the siiniuii it will luive <i lertrinialioi-.; ami the soont-r 
 iliB L<'{,'i^iaU)^o lends iheir oiit<;m iUMiig iriliucncc, hy RJiiutury 
 law« iitid [i«!r,uniiirv as«i«laiH'C! to siicli i> laudable t r.tt'rpriiie, th«! 
 PooHfii- v'rill they b« thn RepresfritKlivtis of a wealthy, iiilt-.lligpnt 
 iT.d lifippy i)t:(->pi<v Iiutidici<nj5.-y.-t»"Kis (if (pienlly pifviuit ir.thLT 
 tliuii aiH'doiu!.; ih'^ accdrnpiishmcHt ot the vf;. y end tlicy wtM» 
 intended to yain. Mi«niniin<j«-nient aUv* lendcry tho incnnsthnt 
 were iiilcfuled lor I lie public j^ood too iVequen:!) tho .icrur^^ 
 mxkar than a 6/t:ssinq' to those vriy indivi(luab> wlu ought to have 
 Ik>;ii beneii'.cd. IniU) ea^e wifliui ciiv iinowled;^*; lias the piinci- 
 plo beoti iMortj fully dovclupod than liy (he sums annually appro- 
 priated for (he e.iit -.irtiiai ii!vnl of ii'jhiMi:'s, i)ut more particularly 
 hy tho inlrodudion o/Jis.isi/.'g supplies mllioat paywg n J?*/;/. In 
 making tlii:* ihargt)"! atn well a*vHro 1 run the ri^k of ineunny 
 the di/plcf.jtno of those who not t)nly Kanction it, but support it 
 most Birenuiiusiy, under the eoiivictiuu that they uro most (aith- 
 fullv dischuii^ini: their duty, nt least t<. iheinscives To ihoso \vho 
 may bi? prejiidised iigauiBt iiio .sequei oi' tlii« humbie aticmpt on 
 ti)Ht head, and who may ho careler..^* er huoliic to svh'jt may !)« 
 advanced with seem^';i,' propnely, ;'.nJ found not only applicable 
 but prueticable and expedient in the p.eseiu e.\i<;ei,eteti of the 
 eot»f.--To those I Ufvjld merely i(.'n'y, thtt ullhou-h ihe cndM 
 never Panctifv the unai:-, >et the i;.., lives veiy l'M:<to-;nlly jubiily 
 the deed — and ihenee then- apelcj/y. Th^t lli« ihi.aduetion ot 
 fbrt'ijj;ti provisi'iiis for ttie benefit fif t!i« Fisherien, as it le euUeu 
 IS very impolitic, is quite obvious from iho iolkoiiiijji leasoiis viz. 
 In (he first placo it irtgivia- (he. Mere.buut liie benefit v.'liich was 
 solely intended for the Fisliei iniai. Serondhj, beeau*e it intro- 
 duces n foreiPii arlxle f-r t!:o o.nsum; 'ion of eomrneri'H and 
 mnnufaclorie.-, which «-UL;i,t lu \n: i:.ised upon oiii own soil, and 
 ihirdlu, it defrauds the leVeiiuo and h;.s a benumbing inlluence on 
 ihe eneirvies of tho nulivo !aru.i.'r That ihe- meuhants . solely 
 i.re benefited by ihis foMli.-h aei even adimllinj.', the arUJ': be con- 
 Muriod iiV liui i'l^heiiuan, l- Im') m.joiiou^ a i.net to requiu; illun- 
 liai.on. iel it fiUiiee to rein,iik liu.t the very ilour uhiJ. coMs in 
 New '^nrk 6 1 2 Uolhus a Bairei ly sold to the Fisherman b)r 12 
 
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oil, and 
 
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 Dollars pAi" Bi)l.* a praUy i-aJisnn.iMc profit ''■/ gutis''^ providiriia: 
 the (iiity was notually i)a'Mi Tiiat th'i nrtiol«s aw introduced find 
 liuiir vv;iy (') '•tjpiicr.il coinnmiitiari," is n.jt (biil)ti'd by any one, 
 ho-.vevcr di'Jiciilt it may appear of i'.cliri! proof. Tho fo'dowini; 
 i« an extra :t tnkori iron) the iJournuld of t!ie IIdiisc of last session, 
 HOC Apnondix No. 3 '• Tlv.t the (JorHrnittae an; fnrthor ofopininn 
 tital no two jticasiirc's i-oulfl ho tnoro calcniatod to retard llio pro- 
 jires.s of otir aj^ricnltiire tlian the very extensive construction Lito- 
 Iv imposr'd upon lhi< clnmo of 6 Geo. IV. cli. 1 l-l, nilovvin;; (lour, 
 iJrf'atl and other prov-i.-ions to ha imported doty free fjr the usft 
 of t!io fiHiiories and the late repeal of iili tho duties on grain, ry« 
 Hour, Indmii Corn irieni k.c. with iha exception of 5.-; on v/hent- 
 en floui . By ttie first of these, Flour warehoused for the ujir 
 of thfi Fi.sheries i^ withihawn wilhout diity, and hy varion.s way^ 
 lind^ its vvav' into yenera! consumption; and hy the operation of 
 the .'^^fi':ond all the {'fnce» hy whieli the [nipi;rial Act of Parliament 
 iiiiove n'!iidi,'d to m«'aut to ^i);;r(l aod nr,>!ert our agriculture are 
 hroken down, Hnd ihis rmrket i.-« ihrovvn open to th* eompetitioii of 
 Ihe Uniied St.iU'.-i " (Jonstqut nily an ntu inpt to prove the as- 
 sertion that our revenue is defrauded and the l)esl inieresls of the 
 Provftice sacrifioed m iIm piir.! uk-j of our farmers, hy the injuriouii 
 effects Oil ainK'-uliurai prosperity, would be rea^oniUj;; a pi'iori r>- 
 f:;uintiilum ad jiuUcnihi. and eousecpienliy snpernuoutJ, for he v ho 
 doiM not s<ri' !t •■ pt;:t.u finia,'' niu-t have (he ortr-.n?^ oi hi:^ pohti- 
 <*.al peuelratiori bleai-d with prejudicieor hHuded «ilh seir.iuleieflt. 
 In n community hUe Nova Scotia, where tnnnnf>i''tnre.«i or Me- 
 ciianie Ails have made liiileor t>i) proi.jre.--», iho i)ul!: ol the pea- 
 pie must apply them;eive- to tho cultivation of the sod; and if 
 their rikili and innustry increasjo, iheie musl arise a jrreat sufiHr- 
 lluity heyond what sufHces to ma'ntain them Thoy have no 
 temiilation therefore, to evtend llieir s-Uil! nnd inilmtry, since they 
 cannot exchange thaf suporliiiiy for a {••)^Tni,'>ditv whii'li may 
 .serve liicir nvarico, or vani'v, — to be more e.xpiicit. — FiU' that 
 roii.modiiy whicii correspond •; in value in Ihfiir cs'imnlinn. lo the 
 la'.'our which pi-odoefd the aiiiele they have in tlie market. The 
 consequcii'U! i>. !i!.i? a hahil of indolenco naturally prevails. TIih 
 gre;i!er part of the land is |r>f; iiiieultivati'd; or whni is cultivated 
 yield::! a [lODr rroo for want of sUill and uidii:*try. 'i'hm thp atjri- 
 cuiturnl l:fc ]>i fjcry day he<.;oaiui'i more or less rcpntahle, in tho 
 s;ime proportion nt? f.iitncis are hecoininjx nioro wealthy or les.<« 
 indepetulent .is compared with iho commercial class. Menee tho 
 rca.«iun why .so lu.mv of the yntiuij men iu this Country choose 
 a speculative, !o an agricultural lit"c, and which swelia Iho lists 
 
 ^ 14 (loiiir^ ,1 !ibl. WK'? >Ji!Ug<iii by .i Cu.ifici for tlour tliit full, u!>ic!i 
 paid no di'.j-. 
 
 ^wm5^^^>- 
 
of Traffickers in a much gr«nter ratio, than the natural trade of 
 this country requires or is conducive to its prosperity. 
 
 That n diffVrent opinion pievaiis I have every rrnsnn tn be- 
 lieve. It is a very prronooua «dea, however, to iinajzme that 
 Merchandize must fnll in price as (he lVIfr<-iiniitrt («s thfy Hru 
 called) multiply. The fact i.^ thai in the Ooontry pliici!«, iind 
 out porta of this Province there are but few iMerrhaiits, and very 
 few in Halifa.x, compared to the number of f luokatftrs. Both in 
 Town and Country tho.se we are in the habit of calling Merch- 
 ants j»re nothing but domestic traffickers, who in iill their trans- 
 »>ctiov8 never add a farthing to the common stock nl' actual value. 
 It is true that very frequently they nccnniulate property and nwt 
 eeldom amassi riches. The amounts thus acquired only change 
 hand.s from the Farmers and Mechanics, whose productive Icbour 
 is given in excharis^e for the nominal value the articles they 
 furnish acquire in their possession. It i.s therefore clear to the 
 meanest capacity, that the greater the number of such gentry 
 there arc to maintain the greater the ta.\ on those wbo w.nk. 
 It is clear to the meanest capacity also, that in the|sRme proportion 
 that the number of such schemers iucraase, so must their main- 
 tenance be a drawback on the energies of the Country. To 
 elucidate the matter more satisfuctorily, let us 8up[)0«e that this 
 District consumes yearly the sum of JE 20,000 worth of goods, 
 and w!)ich is furnished by twenty Individuals ut 20 per cent 
 Which leaves a yearly income to each of these iniJividunlH of 
 £200. A sum which is only sufncient to afford the neccsaariea 
 oflifw, and meet contingent lossow. J3ut if forty Individuals 
 ennage in the same trafiic and lay claim to an equal share of 
 this S20 per cent; the consequence is that the income oi' each is 
 reductti one half, or tht* price of the goods r a i. sod 20 per cent 
 more to secure the £200 to each. A sum which is only equal to 
 iho amount of his pertfwnal and contingent cvp^jnces. Is it not 
 iherefure clear that a greater percentage is the consequence lo 
 save themselves Irom Bankruptcy. 
 
 I^ it not a fact that strikes with appalling astonishment the 
 eye of the most superficial spectator, that in this Province aa 
 soon as a your.g man can push his credit so far as to get hold 
 of a Puncheon of Rum, a Keg of Tobacco, and a Chest of Tea, 
 ho forsooth assumes tlie dignified name of Merchant; in the 
 course of a »'ory If/ years he is net only better fed and clad 
 than llie poor despised Farmer, but ten to one if two or three of 
 his nearest neigbcurs and best customers are not obliged to move 
 off, in order to make way to this sell important individuub grow- 
 ing dominions and balance what he calls his Ledger. 
 
 ■^Cy.- 
 
ipm 
 
 13 
 
 Ti<e9e po»B«Bsioiui worth hundreds of pounds pfi«« into lh« clutch- 
 od ofthesH Tax jratherrrn wiiluiut costinc Uiem-iiif h^ur ofprndnc- 
 live lahour. It rn^cesssrily lonnwj-, thk'iffr.ie, \Um the. ruriHidera- 
 lion whicii wnn paid muist l)o inili^pd l>y iidfr^-.n imp'.miiioii tiii.irj 
 the industry of Iho Coiuitry; givMi it >« Iriie by volmitary van- 
 inbiitmn Is it a wondi'r ihcr* r.irt> fhi^ Mir Fv.rrrwf- uro \v.o.m- 
 santiy compluiiiing about t)nd tin.rp, muI n cni r-^spo-idiog »i*|> li- 
 cence I'dIIow in the tram of »JU(;h univtMsal nus>ap|)lioatioB ol lime 
 and means. 
 
 That an intelligent and liberal class of nclital iMerchnnla— - 
 Gentlemen who not only understand but nctupr.n Mio ftnJorpn.'.ins; 
 and just principhisnf real commerce, are the pr»'at<'sr nnd Hf<:ur- 
 est jjledijes of a Cniinlrv's prospt'ntv is a (act Ihut tnntft paituU*) 
 of a dou- t, ond (hat amcny 'h"' <i<ii'jin« mercantile clas* iit ilwa 
 Province wo liave a great niajoritv of siifh 'fori by and vnhufljle 
 individuals, is a triuh to whidi the preHfOf sitite of .>ur forcij^n 
 comm^rne bears imfquivocal testimony. !n(i«'^'d l.i ttn^ir fixcct^fl 
 of liberality may in sonio degree bo .-iitnbutod Ihw nUi'.c of 
 tbintji, of v'-hiob I now .'-nfivlain. The gfoeron.-; libfraiity of a 
 Halifax Merchant has rfr'^.Uy Ix'conu' jiroverbiaily, and rnme df- 
 *5prvii)<f of pardon th:ui ff iiraisw To their indisoriirooati^ oonfj- 
 deiitc and ijiiivets.il cieuit.-^ n;Ry be traced the prolific I'ropsjjeat.^n 
 of those public iH.i.-ai..;eft, Hucksters and Pediara— I beg iberef-uo 
 to be plainly uruk rsiiofu! . I niciip net lo Irealbo u whisper to 
 the prejudice of f i-.oiJC Cin ■thh' Individuals, who act upon the liuai 
 orincijjlus itl' far.' ([♦'('.lio^; l:':\M'Vfr pour — fbose vvho bave studied 
 and learned the Tnnh-. I aiost ackiiow ledge ho-.vever that I 
 entertain no su'-h rfilicacy toanrds every blocklipad, who has 
 cnhj seme envuo^h to sec that llic manual lal>our of cultiiig away 
 the forest to make w;»y for the pioiigb, is not such a lazy life as 
 watching a Funcljcon of Uuni with bis hands in his Pockets v\ait- 
 ing the sale of a Bottle of Gyn;:;. These are the CaterpilLrs 
 that devour the foliage of the pooi Ern'^mni:' l^bour.s, and the 
 locusts that de.strov liie t'li""its <»f tht; old settlers and j)i.fai}ZiJ 
 the very stamina of our pol.fical exisience. 
 
 I repeat then, is U'lt ib.is a tit.Ue of tilings vshich well merits 
 the attention of ilie L^-gi.^lature .ind dnnands an immediate inter- 
 ference of efiecieiit lav\s to (.'.n-oliddte the respective ititerenfs of 
 Fishermen and Farmirsi liy niuking them a noitiiai soppoit to 
 each other, HO tliHt \b<' miere^t.^ of the one i.s bert secured by 
 re.specliii;.' ami proteclr.ig thai u!' llu- o(bei, never vvil! the eoni- 
 inon good of ilie whole*, or the general ii:.i!)i: 'ei ol oui' hubbaiid- 
 men be odectually maintained until such is ihe cujb. 
 
 .?f^ 
 
14 
 
 Tint (I.e fi.h-rie. i. tbf only mart In which the Farmei-. cnn 
 now look fo, for „ .endy snio fortho ovorpU.s of their annual pro- 
 
 «ro|>h.r.l -nuJ rMH!,-m.tile r«^!„hn„ in which thin i>r-.vir.rf. .Wnd>, 
 to fho rnon- (..rf.Ie countries of (i,^ Cr.nad.is .nnt? Unif^d St^'i^a 
 And that the prnsppr.ty of r„ir F,.heri« miist ultimatelv dopend 
 onoiir own natural resources is equally corlain. ' 
 
 Owing totho very hiuh price of lahnm- in this Cr,nr.t.v nnd thn 
 amazipfr ch.'apne.s of miuiufaofiirefl at hnnnt, our uva.ne^B in 
 supplying our o-.wi wnm. in m-uiuCaCured articles, miMfhe very- 
 slow from (he<o o.ui.ps; hut traoielh-d as the enorg.ea of the 
 (.ounlry at pr..,crU ar«, i,v th.' most od.o.is and dep. ndin.r mono- 
 pl.y'^that ♦•ver d..jrrar,i.d .h« r..rn..ds of .-...v Counlrv, and tho 
 m«9t np;„„,H,v« ^^\vch a f-,- horn Briton had <-ver eM.Jorrd thev 
 rannol (-.r a f^^n; > .,rH Hdvaru-o (o any de^re.^ of com ,nr,'itive 
 prospfrnv. I hn ChaoM.l of n.lioiu.l w;., th hein- e.ai.Hv 
 rngn.s.,-d. 'for a shnrt p,^nud onhj, I hoju-) tho farmer is d..;,rivrrd 
 Ot the ,.r,v,h-g« which wm.ld ar^so to inn) fr-.n Bupp|yi„.r ,he 
 wants of tho^p, >.ho wuuld l.r oih,Mui,o c;n,,i,v,ed in miuiufao 
 lonrj,: fno raw rnatorial,. To ih.. Fisheries alone, ihero i„r,. wo 
 can h.o.v uith any degri-e of cprta.nly a; p!•08^w^t, t:j e.xitnd our 
 commerce abroad u:id enccuirage iadul^try r-t hoini... 
 
 The proseni systoni is n^f only fuiile iuul [,rove..,- c.^-mo'eteK' 
 at variance wiih rvery principle of sound poMcv, hut it actoa!!-' 
 and virtually haffl^-.s ..v,My attempt at uopruvcin'Rot, and if tnurii 
 onger rontinued will invcdve tho Country in dobt ng a naiiun and 
 beggar Its inhuh.tanta. At all event.< il'will drv up the fountains 
 ot revenue as rr^gards the first, and orevent the lattor from be. nr.v 
 in^ iiMVpendcnt. How can it he othr-wise r Amoiican Fh),j- 
 and Pork ain now aiiowful to he inlroducod " datii free'' for iho 
 use af the Fishenos. What a h».,n to Firthrni.e.n! !! Tht-v aro 
 really privileged to huy from the Coasters JJuiencan j%uy'nt 12 
 or 14 Dulh-ux a Barrel, vvlu-n hv judicious rnann<'eiiient they 
 micrht be supplied <.vith ns nutritive and v.iiolosutue a diet of naliv'vs 
 growth, at one half the price. 
 
 Accordin^ to the leturn^ madr; hv [ho Cfi-^toin House, and pub- 
 lished mihe J.iurnals of the House of A.'r-emhlv for the year 
 1832 We find that tho tollowint; ai»t;clos were jniported for the use 
 of the iMsherics in 1G.'3I, 
 
 I 
 
 Se« appendix B. 
 
4; 
 
 I 
 
 i 
 
 1.0 
 
 10,617 12 nils, cf Wi^eRltJiFliiur ct >^0i i! 15,320 lU 
 
 l,(;br> '• llxr " " e*.. 2,104 10 
 
 IjcO " Btcf tind PdiI; " CCs. 3,450 
 
 Duty upon (!io .'i;:!.j.r<';;ijle , . • '1,047 
 
 £ ^25 y:-3 
 
 Tl.Hl 
 
 i w« 
 
 tniv f:ve Tiiousuiid puund^ vvor;Ii of provir'ior.s im- 
 
 ported l"ii/i!i l'(ir<.i<i:i i;<;uiUries linvn bt'on con." iuiiC.il i-j. liie Itiha 
 'litnnts ol ihi' Prnvitue \a l.y !h« abdvo piovtMl ht'^nnd a dniibt. 
 
 It icatlns not iis iar «.-< i!i< 
 
 Pro 
 
 viute as a 
 
 wh 
 
 oic i;5 (oncetnet 
 
 .ht'tluT il wan conButntMi l)V tin* Fifaliciniuii cr Farmer 
 
 Tho 
 
 tirect is the Slime lilimiatt!). To prove this prdposition 1ft lis 
 iipo^e II Coaiter to start iipoii n lrn(iin<r voyti^fe, lie applies at 
 
 KU 
 
 I lie \v;i,<; 
 
 house tor Provisiwiis " for tlie (i^herij^s," lie tjeU.-cts b\» 
 lioous, swearii that "I A. B. ol'Ihilifax Nova Hmtia, rdfrcliiiiit, do 
 nirike oMih that the a'oove articles arc noi uiriv iit and ^lL'C('^sa^y 
 for liio i^itis-li Fisht'fi<'s, out t.re inlentied to he coiisumr'd ttolely 
 llH^rtMii " He gets hi« CHri;o, the very best iiriiclpe he could 
 jfopsililv procurj" to cnsiiro sutTes^. Lit ufi suppose tlu; Hrnount 
 >:;500 worth oi provitjii r,3. 'i'hal the voyegf: proves ti jrooti ony 
 which Yielded 50 per c«'iit, or a return of £,lsO worlli oi Fish 
 litl lus kuthtr t^uj pose '.hat ho sliipptd llifsi; lish io tin,' West 
 Indies 
 iiicrensed 50 per ct bI ii;ou' 
 
 ii!j leluin* i!i his hi 
 
 it hy lii»' tunc 'hey lutived iheie iIih i.u.ouiil ol'lhe whole 
 
 -^■ay £ 1 1 >5 atid h\ tho time i;o has 
 
 le.-iiho aiiii mil llu:rf■a^ies 33 1 3 per t ei.r rnor« 
 
 or 
 
 loUO, V. 
 
 Hi at 
 
 Ih 
 
 res, or one on 
 
 If 
 
 13 lit til 
 
 Rl (\\ 
 
 lU 
 
 h I 
 
 feel e<^t!fui<iit \s not ovuraled njiiin'^ ire .-.veryTe ot nm h turns 
 iVoin iho \\\vl Indies, v.utj, v. e have no other) and we find imt only 
 the piniciplv:' of £000 the eapiiai vos-ted coriiploii ly io.«t, biol liliy 
 
 per cent tjjore, na 1.. r art 
 
 the I' 
 
 UiViiieo iB eoiieciliod, uiit 
 
 •11 iht 
 
 JSpeeulalf-r |jia\ actually inul'.o himdied:* hy the traii?ii« tioii. U'e 
 Must h' rp in view iluu iho profit eomcs out ol the poek*ts of 
 those v.ho consume the uiticie, and in li . sHnie piopoiiion !her«- 
 ('ore,lhai our Farmers eoiisuiiieriiai. which isiiie procoe<l.s of fi-sti, 
 and fi.'h Ihe proceeds ol'Afr.erietiu pr.iviso.n, in llie eaiuo propor- 
 t;r.n do liny c-fitrtluatly eonsuuie Ameiien:! Flour, PoiU Beel, etc 
 --i\ir »\h'i:h the IVJeichant pays ihu Annsiican in Cash, and tho 
 Fanners itfuiid Cash to liitii and take ittoii in oxiliange. That 
 the amount of every returntd (jnigo which eonsista o( Uum ia 
 
 lliir.alely lost to ihe Province Is a tiutb whah cuntiot lie {/a; 
 
 u 
 
 taiye^ 
 
 hether lhati»uini.i the [uix *■! d'* o! oui owi, t-oooLy 
 
 iro 
 
 do 
 
 CO o 
 
 r ihut of Iho Anu'iicai! 
 
 Tliu dlltseiice id fcj'ii!! 
 IJuii) which ir ih 
 
 thif), ihet \theii our FiirnieiB consume Uuid winch u ihe prect-fo.s 
 ol' their own produce, they only cciUMunic tho supeifluily of ikiir 
 oun labour, hut when they consume I»un», or any thing else, whiub 
 
16 
 
 is (lir iiror"»(!s (if forcijTn labour, they thon in fact kind up their 
 n.vfj liri!ul-< iiD'J t;(\ ihcir ImtkI" ar".l ioti'.-try !>y C!!C:,utn;jing 
 r(irf<i;r) r'litDjX'iitiDn.-! I< nwxy Itc niv'ued ''ui' i-v t .,n*(,;i:iij." Hi;<- 
 •,arv '.'-f^ fiufi l!i'i( ir. iiiot't ri-ition?, fwrei^'!! tr;rl»', liAsi orf-O'-'Irtl jiny 
 Iflriii':!!!^!^ ill 'i()!r>(! r.^.iiiijfa'hrer. I'o tins 1 Wuuld reply titfit 
 iHif r^y- i-i xv:;J»iv (iifr, i iMil td rn^iiiy of tiii>':(' Cnuritnt'M ot' which 
 »vf rfii(i, iiiul f'UrticiilMilv rff wlii'ii r,oMi|iarc'(1 to t»liler Countries 
 whf 1(1 !ln' Artiznn -md rvlt'i-huiiH' is rvery <lay invptitini;j sdmib 
 \\*f\v i»rii"!e to Buit th<- Cosmncrcw or ifKlulge thi> IiiNur y <>*' v eal- 
 ihy ciii/(*Hf« or p:unporefl ariatocAta. Iir.prfitiiti^Tiit of (o 
 ioi;£ii ridnni'idnif"' into nticti »;ouiitiir'« furiiish riiatcrifils for new 
 inar.iii'.:i/;;urp-j, and t.y their exports pro'liicoa labour wliich in 
 piirticuiai' coin;:iodiHv.i coujii not !•« roijsiiirntHi :it hoinf, wher«'i^i^ 
 provijiioiis ir):poi!(d t) <» ('oiiutiy vvhtno llni l;\;id is < iipniilfi of 
 rt-piiyi !!!(' I'lboin of ll'f> li'isbandman; but wht-io tiu.* oit of 
 fiMiiiiinj i-i want.rii^ lo f^linw its rupiibiiiliua, is throvviui^ ohslncles 
 ip. the M.'iv iif men o\' Cnpt'r! f.rid pkdl lo embark in thr undor- 
 liiUinn;,aud conseqin-nlly proveuls the rotiiirce? ol' ihH Country 
 fioin vieldiriw any pr(iport-ii,>nate rPHsin to t!)«ir exKJnt aiid •'ipubii- 
 iiii's. If Iht'np preitnises he correct and (he iniiiM»'t!;:p drawn 
 liom thf.ii not iit vai'buice with the true slate of afl'airs; if neces- 
 K«(iU lolii.As ihiii iliR l_egislalurcM)ij(rhl ir.imt diately to encourage 
 lilt' Fijfrner ti» .--uppiy thv* rishei-.nan with tiie rec(?iignrie» of hfis 
 of rjiitjvc! gto'.Yih. 
 
 That ill '^rdiM- to nHfiiie tho'^e advantages to (he Couifnunify 
 -more cfnctuiillv. wimh .<u<!) a cotincili. js would produce; the 
 M''i(li>m'?< oiiiihi to li«» unt-iMii n;,;!''! l'^. hnn>' in rriurn for their 
 iiniU'd lijtiDurrt '5iu.'!i foniniiid.tic?.- iv- would lu-.-t adminifter to the 
 fornt'o'iis of ilui iiih il>ii.iiir:-i: and diHCoiiv.'!::;' ilio uiipoifation (>( 
 fiurh aiticU's, a-^ n-.it (Uily iivip<ivf! i>Ih'^ t'u> coiisunicr vvithnnl 
 nddiniz to liis (.-..mfoits; but arlually ai>d lilorally consumesj hta 
 phvs'...l *ojf'!^'i(.'s. dc-.iroys hta morn! t'i;-;i!i.s',v, and renders him 
 alike tiudt lo supjiort lnii):-.<'ll or i-eneht h;.s Country. 
 
 To ascertain what these articles are which oua;ht to he rejected, 
 nnd those that sound policy would alone patroniie, ilou.s not 
 require any extraordinary j)oliti(:ul pcnetriitiun; or Oiuch legisla- 
 tive profundity to iVaine laws that would bnnij the on*j lo common 
 U83, whilo the other would he shortly riMi'.'ioied obsolete. To 
 eay thiU Rmn is ah artirln whioii we ctm do wiihout and the 
 consninplion of which irf fraiighi with trnny had conseqnoncea to 
 Individuals and States, is really usmt; vr-ry mild huiguage to 
 «la!« a fact. And to say that Tira, (aiihough a very a::reeahle 
 heveioge, and leaves no traces of immciralily in its train) is an 
 arti«l8 that might bo superseded with a benefit to the Province by 
 
 I 
 
17 
 
 iUe raoro wholesome lV equally palatable article of Coffee, iit eqiial- 
 Iv true. Thnt from Cnrry lo fifty thousand pounds worth of Ten 
 19 cons.nr.pd nrmiiHlly in this Pvovnivt^ is a fail Ihat pefJMpM ij 
 not gemrnUy known; all of uliith is pa;d in specie, 8nd «!i!rh ig 
 Item t.i ih« " iHiermost «t;dsnf thp puitli" iiov«m k- upturn — while 
 Coffee the pr.uiucii of Sisler Coi..niPs »!iich talteH our fisli in 
 rptiirn, is seldom kopp, in n Pirmer, innchiinii- or pvfn n Cuintiy 
 Gentleman's iiousn, for lensms which F dt.ie not m»'ntion,for fi-nr 
 of pelt.np myself info n scrape with mv Lnndindv, Iml «hith 
 the [.Kgislutiire muy remedy hy sendmy •' the S. hoolmasiei" i,, 
 the KitchPii, That their constim^its will cncir in hiiv rational 
 mea,siire that will tend to lessen (!ie crime of diui.kenep*. nod 
 htreiipthen the cause of industrious and moral hahits, is nu.to 
 mandest from the laudable efforls already made by t'lom in vari- 
 ous parts of the Province. 
 
 Ii> rfiferenre to " Abstract of dutiable articles imported lo the 
 I'rov.pcp of ISova Scotia between the Hist day of 0(;tober 1830 
 and tho thirtv first day of December 1 83! as furnished bv the 
 Custom House lor ihe information of the House of Ass-mbly" 
 laat Session will be found ihal 1,199,786 Gallons of Rum. Gin, 
 Uiandy and V\mo was imported duriiifr that time nnd 9o0 M9 
 or the year. Now a tax of ?J. per i;al|on upon the ai;Kre'.-ate 
 lor the year would amount to £ 1 1,997 17 3, or in round nTim- 
 
 £ 12,000 
 
 her 
 
 LoBB for probable drawback one tl.i.-d 
 
 Hy reference also lo parliamenlarv doruments 
 .or the year Id27 (the latest I have seen) 394,502 
 lbs. ot Tea have been imported lo and sold in Hali- 
 fax that year, and which at 3d per lb. amounts to 
 
 ,. , r Je 4,93^2 G 
 
 ,L?eciuct for prabahle quantify export- 
 
 '^'^ ^-^ ' 1,644 
 
 4,000 
 £ 8,000 
 
 ^83,288 <J 
 
 rj-u ..... £■ 11,288 6 
 
 Ihat these articles of luxury will bear such a Tax without 
 n tenereing with tho comfotts of any [ndividual in this Frovince 
 
 that .an with propriety bn ur^td against it, .s, " the ri.^U of en- 
 courag.ng an ill.ct trade," and at all events the' only excuse th.t 
 
 tuou, UoHor,, Let fh» Import duty stand as it now i. until a mors 
 
 11 
 
IS 
 
 .ffrclual pl.n be adopted to pr.vnt il..-^ P'?^-^'!'""^ 1^^^ .'";, 
 
 Uulor .B concennMi, .t n'"^'^'^^" ' ^'^V'rT 1 e of cmuse puts .1 ou 
 n bother into the license or exciso ofuce he ^ c^ f 
 
 wore r.i foUowi: Tf,t«\ fihllnna 
 
 Rum Puncheons GiUoni TotH Uaimni 
 
 Foreign parts 7« 8,J«-^ 
 
 Gin 
 Foreign part* 
 CoHttwis* 
 
 Brandy 
 Foreign purts 
 Coaslwisa 
 
 617 
 
 8 
 
 30 
 
 16 
 6 
 
 29 
 
 eB,95S 
 l,f05 
 
 '2, til 
 
 2,16-1 
 
 6l.9i3 
 
 $,8?7 
 
 2,164 
 
 Total Gtllon* 
 Deduct 1-4 for extra nunntiiy imporled 
 o^Ting to ro duty being paid that yo«r 
 
 L«i3 13 Tor probable exports 
 
 \ 
 
 .•55,4*8 
 18,486 
 
 36,97C 
 
 this District are, Tavern Ucopera - - 
 
 Shops who Retail by the (i'.mit - 3U 
 
 Total 70 
 which at £7 10 would nmoiinlto - - * . q 
 Deduct 10 Individ'jnl3,who might drop it 
 
 
 
 
 f 
 
 £460 
 
rgling. 
 ask or 
 which 
 it, art I 
 nevttd 
 the 10- 
 « duty, 
 ta it on 
 pn pay* 
 . House 
 liiquor« 
 ry 1831 
 
 46t 
 
 S 
 
 0. 
 
 iquors 
 
 in 
 
 40 
 
 
 
 SO 
 
 
 
 70 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 19 
 
 Being abovo the eighttjcnth part of the Eight Thounan.1 poundi 
 propDied to be raised as abovo stated and coniequenllv (ho one 
 «;ighteenih »'.itl of the spiriU consumed in this Province. Having; 
 not had an opporlunity of ascertaining tho actual quantity «f 
 Tua consumed in (hit place, it \» presumed, that if the sanrte pro- 
 proportion bo adopled between the quantity consumed iiero und 
 quunlity imp trted, us there is of the article of Rutn, the data will 
 bofuund pretty near correct and whioh is 14,G14 lbs. and which 
 at 3d. is £ \Qi 1.3 6. The number of Individunig who retail 
 the Article at present is Go, which at £S 10s. each would amount 
 to J2227 10 
 
 Deduct ita the probable number who would drop it 
 12 persons at 70ii. 41 
 
 jei85 10 
 And makiiip a total of si.x hundr<'d and thirty five pounds (en 
 >ljiliuigj, wliicli 1 fcH'l coiilidciit only rtquirus to bo tried in order 
 to prove sufceasful. 
 
 Ilavin;^ thus far eslablibhi-d by vnvious views of the cnsc, that 
 ttcompljite aud univarsai nMoriri is not only required but impora- 
 tlT^;ly and prompliy drmandtil ui our pif.'^ciit conjtnercial tran.«:ut- 
 lions. And having theoretically at kaat, shown tho ways and 
 moans to accompiiab the end, or at all events having exposed n 
 lew dormant truths, which may horeai'ter assi«t some rnoro able 
 politician to exhibit moro fully the palsied nerves ol' our present 
 policy, and domondtrate more ably tho llieoroms of the desired 
 dessideraluin; let iis return to the position from which we first 
 started and endeavour by plain statemonts of imvarnished hvpo- 
 thesis to 6l)ow how the conn«clioii spoken of, between the Fish- 
 erman and Farmer is best secured and mai:itained by fiscal aid 
 and legislative enactments. 
 
 To protect the Farm«r therefore from foreign competition is 
 tho fiiit step whi.h ouj^ht to bo iidop'.ed towards this ronnectinn. 
 Let all foreign pioviisions pay the duties without any exreptioo 
 whether they are 'or the use of tho (isheries or othorwise. Tho 
 province cannot oe e.\pecteu nil at once to be able to supply tho 
 wants of the Fisherman, as the farmers cannot increase all of a 
 Kudden, their skill nud industry. Lands uncultivated cannot be 
 hrou[',ht into tillage and profitable cultivation for some years. 
 ForeTgn produce must therefore in llie meantime be imported. 
 Lei the duties be collected and aj>pl:ed most scrujiulously to tho 
 encouragcmtnt of the fisheries. Not as the present sy.-<ieii» 
 admits of their application, by tillowing every iinprinciplid 
 fpeculator to pocket the dutifS; niid charge the poor igiKvranl 
 
 
 
 ' ^.^^1JJ^0^*^ 
 
I i 
 
 20 
 
 fisherman (wo priccB for these very articles which he procured 
 
 " ilniiifn*' for lite use of //tr /iW/srus " I^et iIih amoDnt tluis rnifl- 
 ed, iic pn'd to ihe ni.tudl Firshermim, m l!it' shiip^ nf n tiounty 
 upon ili»> «'iitch. Tills wilt not only ••ti'ihln l!u; nntiv> r.irni<!i-» 
 tn meet ('(ii<'ii;n piodiioo witli a iiiir ciiaiice ol coitipt'lilioii, \n\X \\\ 
 the rtumn tune {iivr> the Hrluul fidiitumtjn, that in the bhiipe iS 
 boiinly vvhn.li wii.i laktin \xn\\\ liim in liie slpipn ot'diitio*; witlinut 
 jjiviiiif «v«irv OciilUinnn 9|;(',culalor the hemTit nl pocUititiij: the 
 duliea which the tishRiman Unnnuly actually pai^'. witlioui roceiv- 
 ing any thing in tlio shape of a rccDmptMiHC. 
 
 The duties roiinquishcd upon articles witlidtnwn from thfl 
 Warehouse for the uye nftlte J'i.slituies in the ynf^r 1831 amount- 
 ed ti« £4,538 iU '• n pi<;51y jonHnicral)!*' sum I guess' if col- 
 lected and judiciously applied, as already sfmod. Ileiujj in a 
 ffua^sinii: mood 1 n»ny he allowed furllie. to " f»ues.s" that the 
 avwtint and mnnntr ol' oliuiininij the drusv hack tnay in u ^rcat 
 meas -e account for the number o( cUsiulereslcd ndvocated it liad 
 in tliu flouse. 
 
 The second step towards this union, is, n law for the inspeoiion 
 of all agricultural produce ofTcced for <'.\portation, or entered in 
 the Custom House for trading Coastwise. Articles Ihiis put up, 
 oiif»ht to hear the lnspci'(ur':j name, the Curer'?* name, quunlity, 
 quality, what year and where cured, and of course to he put up 
 in Kuitaiile casks The Curer of Beef and Pork to receive a cer- 
 tain sum for each harrel, cured, inspected and entered os ahove, 
 of the first quality onlfj. Tlic deiiler in flour, naeal, and biscuit, 
 to have similar regulations and similar encouragement. Tho 
 Inspector to have a certain sum for each and every barrel so 
 ingi)CiMed, all of which to be paid out of the liicense Money 
 raised by the duty already mentioned. The Uounties tu be 
 recoverable on quantities not less than 25 barrels of eatb commo- 
 dity, and not to bo paid until the end of the year, when certifi- 
 cates from the Custom House wil' be considered proof of iho 
 fact. The Grand Jury and Sessions to have the appropriation 
 of the amount, and the bounty for the year to be j;«.verned Ijy 
 the funds, and the quantity shipped of agricultural produce, 
 but never to exceed so much per barrel. Say 29, 9d. for each 
 bbl. of flour, or oatmeal, a Is. 3d, per cwl, of biscuit, out of which 
 fhti 3:1. per barrel to the ln,>*pccior, would leave 2s, (id. for the 
 iirst, and is. for the laticr, to the exporter. The amountMhus 
 raised by the increai-ed duty on Rum nn.d 'i"e:!, would be etuflicient 
 to pay the lointy on 23111. bis of Heel and Pork at is. 9d. and 
 on 3631 do. of Flour or Meal 'it Is Dd. makiuji a total of five 
 thousand nine i.undred and forty two barrels in this District. 
 
 I 
 
 ii 
 
2( 
 
 \n order to facilifftte the ii«ct«iary Ironic bolwccn Iho farmer 
 and |H(»vi.siuii lU-n'fTJ, Piililic IMniUets oujihi lo be KsUhlidhed in 
 pvcrv i>rMi'Mj)«! Cmuily. Town or Distrrcf. in tiic Piovii'co — 
 iM !:rli» :•;!.> ;ii) h.;l(i >)!! |)..: ! .I'ljiiir ili.Vo in C! r!j wimm:, bj. .■,.•!. hi* 
 /i[i<i MiiilnlU". ni»i!>^«'rt ti> in! '.iiiili ill O'lf.wiiitinl |i!iii;rM tor tlio nc- 
 roiiimod.ilioii t>r doftinr!* in ^ihiii, |)i*(;ViHi:iiia, ki;. {'V\tvi ••'ipur-' 
 d(>n;i!«ln, nnt'. I riiiiy tidu cMilpiil)lo m-g!it',vrice mHnire.fl»'d hy (he 
 [Magistral*:*' (fa coi'aui To»vn in ilii.i Province, although u \nvr 
 <itn|ii)werini; tlitMu lo tnx tliH luhubitiinU, und ninko uii nuctssnry 
 nrrMH;:;rtiifMits to rnnv tlio hajiie into tficcl for 'our yoar'* past, 
 Hiu! fniitiy ofllie iMiiyinlrntoa wlio have 9«cn and oxperiencrd 
 'hn iiuak-ulabiK {{ood, mar!u't3 have produced in thei> native 
 roiintry, inaUtirt their apithy appear the more unaccountable ) 
 TtiDt finist.jr mo!ive8 havy been attributed lo some of ihum, not 
 (or thei! f'.t-ghgHtice, but hosliI«( opposition t(» tiie rneasue, 1 nm 
 vvi'll fiivari?. 'J'lii.l the (haractfts of •roffickoro and B* ^gistrale 
 urn too fiequHiitiy i)l<'ii'l<!d in tb« satrio Individual, in n ny pails 
 of liiis Privince, [ am also well aware, and that th« hHrterinf; syi* 
 lem which I'lfquently assist the goods to disappear from ofTtlie 
 hhnlves ot tljo l'orii;er, might not hove Home influence on the Ma 
 gintiMiel duties of the latter, 1 am not at present enquiring, I know 
 •io'vevcr, lliiit specious argoments are (Vcqucntly used by inte- 
 rested ioiitvidiiaK, to prevent any tiling like system, or afford 
 any fior chance to tho farmer to gi t money for the overplus of 
 his pinduce. 'J'iiey say. " increase the q-tantity oi prt. visions in 
 the maiket, and the price will (iijl," but at tiie same time forget- 
 ting to add, " that the prices of commudities do not depend on 
 the quantities of such acticlcfi in the market, af> much as upon 
 the priporlinn bctiveen rommodilies, and money in ciriitlnlinn ^* 
 Increasie the coinniodity and liieiv price vdll JuH; increase the 
 money and they will rise in ikeir value, an on the other hand a 
 diminution of the lormcr, and that o( llie latter, have a contrary 
 tendency. That no measure will ensure as efTeclually to the 
 farmer a ready sale, and money in exchange liji- liis produce, 
 than „ Public Market, is a fact too well established by the expe- 
 rience of other countries, to require any support from my penj 
 and that nr. measure will, or can possibly maintain a wholescime 
 |iroportinii l)etweon conmiodity and money in a bartering country, 
 fspt^cially for exported articles, is equally true. That the bar- 
 tering 8\-ilem is more advantageous to the man who gives goods 
 in ex.haiigc lor agi icultuial jiruduce, is obvious from the follow - 
 injr facts Thefrtimer brings his article lo market— se// 1/ /tc 
 muHl, liaviog no jilace to leave or inclination to take it home 
 where he has a siifikiency already, otherwise he would not have 
 brought It to Market. Comeequenlly goods must bo taken at the 
 price of the buyer, not seldom at 25 per cent advance; the i^X' 
 
 /^ 
 

 22 
 
 m«r return* with hid l.Rr(;iim, pcrlinpi onr half in Rtm to {jH rid 
 nfliiii |)r«i<luco I.< it llion-forH lo \n) woiidtsred, that llio.^ff u>;«- 
 iMlcd iiulivi(liial-4 sliould 0|>pn.<o I'ubli'; .MarUols, knowiii« iliut 
 by once establisliint; llifm, the u.xn w.,iild ln) liiiJ tc " u root «)f 
 (ho bartering 8y"-«'i", T>d r(iri«i<qi.«M)l!y cut sliort Ibcir own pro- 
 liU. The grtiue-it \Vi'!ic'*;r :«, that the (iiimHia and imichnnics 
 do not seizo uj>uj their u.n» ri{;iit^ und iiisiyt u|)')n those whose 
 duly it i«, to rairy such moaNiire« to edVct, to do «f> promiilly ; 
 und therol'y render themaelvon n chance (>! even htuidfd justice 
 ut hinnt in the Markets of their country. 
 
 To leyiHluto on thH moat <<froc!enl made of taking and curing 
 fiih, being of u more intricate and complex nature than thiit of 
 B<Tri'culture requires m'M« caution to .Vame laws (or its guidance. 
 That a complete code of laws therefore, can be concocted with- 
 out the test of expenen»-e, and which will invariably commimd 
 Buccesa is not to be ercpct-led. Undertakings of a i«8s prccari- 
 OU8 nature than tlifl (ishHries, having tluj bt.st digested lawa h)r 
 their rule of conduct, arc not at all times ncron^pnnied by surceis, 
 Hs the inseparable concomitan*. of legislative wisdom A com- 
 parative db-rroe of perfection is only to be attained by prudent 
 and porspvering assiduity in every department of kumnn uselul- 
 ness, Those self evident maxims which miw govern the ocliona 
 of the most eminent st.-itfHnien and experienced Merchants, \ver« 
 a century ago, considered chimerical innovations of the establish 
 ed order ol^thiofis, and consequently connidered tBcred by tho 
 maay — But the Combination of system and experience has noic 
 rendered thum the object*, on whose observance depends the 
 success of State or Coui.nercial prosperity, as d.)e3 the mariners 
 on the observance of tho laws of attraction and magnetism. 
 Human conceptions as regards future event.s, are imv as obscure 
 as they were then, nor can the many seo tmo Kioio clear than 
 did their predecessors the coiiHequeiices that must necessarily 
 follow certain combinations. That the Schoolmaster hath lectured 
 upon the laws of analogy and tho inseparable connection between 
 cause and effect I am fully aware, but th^.t Fishermen upon tho 
 extensive coasts of Nova Scotia, including Cape Breton, have 
 had an opportunitv of benefiting by his far famed and useful 
 pilgrimage, I am not informed. It is no matter ot astonishment 
 therefore, that these secluded individuals who although they have 
 advanced in common with the bulk of mankind, in the unu ,^ ;oil 
 stride of the " March of Intellect," should fail to see, all at onco, 
 their own true Interests through the varicfjated shades. ^ •• 
 political prism of the nineteenth century. Hut that the Legisla- 
 ture should for series of years of repeated lailuro>-, tenaciously 
 peraist in supporting a system fraught with loss to the iMsherman 
 
 t 
 
 «, 
 
•> {;«•( rid 
 ),■<•• in!«- 
 'inji; ilittt 
 u root of 
 )wn pro- 
 f^chnnics 
 whn-je 
 toini>tly; 
 d jiislico 
 
 i curing 
 in (hilt of 
 uidance. 
 ted wilh- 
 :otnmnnd 
 prccari- 
 lawa i'oT 
 
 SUCC09, 
 
 A C(im- 
 
 f pruflent 
 n u3Pl'ul- 
 I© ocliona 
 Jits, \ver« 
 establish 
 ed by tho 
 B has note 
 pcnds ihe 
 
 mariners 
 ajfnotisrti. 
 a obscure 
 Icar than 
 ccessarily 
 li leutmed 
 u belwern 
 
 npou thu 
 Rton, have 
 ind nspfiil 
 oni.shnient 
 they Uavo 
 
 unn ,;. iJtil 
 ill at onco, 
 les. ■: i' .'iO 
 ic Legialii- 
 nnaciouslj' 
 [•'ishcrinaii 
 
 23 
 
 nnd diHjjraro lo ilio Frovince, in not only n matlfr of gurptisv, 
 but of "urtiial Hiiipidity or unpardonnblo nogligoiicu. 
 
 Thnl the lliining nnd IMnckorr.! Fislieries of thi:< Provincn 
 shoiikl invnrini)lv pr«)v« n fHilurfi is no mailer of Rstoni«hm<;nt, to 
 niiv one who cliooao t'> bosiovv upon tho mptliod of prosecutinji 
 thrrn n few ininiitPH calm ri-tJHCtion, ns hf rj.ioforo conducted. To 
 Ken hundrcda of those v ho call thcnisolvpifj fiBhoritipn collected 
 in groups upon ihi! Uonch ofOrow Marlioiir atu! Vn\ Islam!, svitli 
 n d7p net in oii« hand and a Unttlo of Greg in th« other, may wpII 
 nfli>rd tint inontiH of ridi'ule nnd rnt-rrimont to their inor« l'iuf;al 
 niul rnlcnlalmg iivah), nnd who with pqiial pocceiS, holdn the 
 plough, mows the m«adow, yifn tho IMackeroi, honks the Cod; 
 Jvrnitli provis'uns for Cdsli to JS'ora Sccliam, Piipplica foro'gn 
 markets with tho p.odncn of our Gulpha and Harbnurs, and 
 "miPhes," that NovnScotians ore 'Uair.atum lazyf'' or monitroua 
 f 'lipid. IIow long will our iSolons foster such ludicrous nrpiien 
 tor th« pxcrciHO ')t iheir amphibious nf)\\i\i\H ir's risible facullips, 
 and enrich their nation, wliile at ihe s-inic tiine, ihey prcduco 
 the most ruinous cotisequt'iiccri to tho Province, and must end in 
 heyt^ning thtiss who ns cnnBtitiitientg, placed their individual 
 dpstynies in their hands, nnd their ritfhts ag a nation. If they 
 do not know the fact, n is iime they did; That tho Americans arc 
 yeaily curing, and carry iiiy nway from cur very doors, lhousand.^ 
 of INo. 1 Mackerel, iBken by the Hook nnd lino (which they call 
 jipizing) fromonboardof vesaeinuf from :jO to lOO Tons burthen, 
 (ind the most of which are caught to the North East of P. E. 
 Island, in tho months of August, September and October. Dur- 
 ing all thi.4 lime, »ind a month longer, our fLshcrmf .i are liaskinj,' 
 in the yun, reclining in tlie Shade or waiming thei,- toe»i in a hut 
 put up for the occas'on;— £/ri}(h:i«^ /»hh», (/itiC';!'., T'-'haccn, f,Dd 
 wondering that fnh is so scanc on dry land, while the shipping 
 which ou^ht to Uf. cnga(r«d as the Americans, aie safely moored 
 in Crow Harbour, Fox liiland or some neiuhboring creek with 
 Ihousiandsof good.s ui' which Americnn produce is not iho least 
 in quantity or in demand.- All exercisiuir the most exemplary 
 and praitfe worthy duties of a christian— /ai7/t andpa/i>JJce, wailin^; 
 Ihe stirring of thii Waters, and the nipping of fish in boat loads, 
 until November proclaims that iho fruits of Jailh wilhuut IVuvks 
 in the fisherioH, ar« barrels williout Jish and vessels uneinplflytdfer 
 ieant of fricghl, allhoug,k the CkarUr parlij must be paid. 
 
 I repent then, will tho liegislalurti any longer continue de»f 
 ttt I'jch ur.javory tidings; will they tuin apide trom btholding iho 
 impending rain that awaits such confusion nnd mismanngement. 
 Will 'riey net ratiior abandon a system, which by common con- 
 
 I ?jsaswg: 
 
r 
 
 24 
 
 sent ., already condemned; and adopt such measurea a, are now 
 prachsod by the Amerwans with univrr.n! e.oces.s. Let l"w! 
 
 MarkorHl. Ilerno,. Al.wivo., Sh„d and Salmon, le, .^ , J 
 ^rope.y m.,,e.,.d t.randed and Hus.ed a« the pr'esPnt aw d ! 
 re« «, the bounty only recoverable on the first and Lcor.d 0^11./ 
 «.ich H measure .s «ure to command success, if a correspond 4' 
 bounty wdl be given tu suitable crafts at so much per Ton Z 
 pro.ecutmg the Mackeral fi.h.ng «, the JimeH^ III Z' 
 
 The quantity of Fish rurod and branded in this Provlr.o. 
 hPtwe«n l8tSe,,t. IP.30 and the 1st S.,,t. 1831 is accorZL^. 
 Report furnished by the Ch.of I„sp«cto , as fol lol; "''"'^^'"" ''' 
 
 Mdckeral 
 Herring* 
 Al«wiv«< 
 SaimoQ 
 
 No. t 
 2,507 
 4,815 
 7,036 
 338 
 
 1 -2 
 12 
 
 If 
 
 No. 2 
 19,550 1-2 
 346 IS 
 7,977 
 330 
 
 No. 5 
 17,795 
 
 (I 
 
 No. 4 
 1,100 
 
 (< 
 
 14,757 1.2 27,784 
 
 17,795 
 
 1,100 
 
 .»,«%V J .T.P'T ^Y *"'*' *» '"•'«*"'■« «« ' «"' advocating. 
 Bhould be adopted by the Legislature, and that the Ca»ch of Fish 
 *.ou Id prove a« successful, the amount required for the purnoaa 
 would only amount to about Three Thousand pounds Tearly- 
 
 Pf 
 No. 1 Mack'! 2,507 1-2 Bbb. at 1«. 6d. Bounty £ \U 
 
 S60 18 
 
 1 
 
 No. 1 Her'ng 4,312 1-2 
 *' 2 •' 846 1-2 
 
 No. I Alewives 7,036 
 i« 2 " 7,077 
 
 No. 1 Salmon 338 1-2 
 " 2 " 330 
 
 <( 
 (( 
 
 I. 
 <( 
 
 iB. 6d. 
 
 Is. 
 
 la. 
 
 8d. 
 5»- 
 3.«. 
 
 (I 
 
 6 
 IQ 
 
 42 
 
 351 
 
 235 18 
 84 12 
 49 10 
 
 3 
 6 
 9 
 6 
 
 
 6 
 
 
 42,478 1-2 Bbis. 
 No.3 Mack'l 17,795 
 " 4 «' 1,100 
 
 •' 3 Salmon 316 
 
 .£2,289 13 ^ 
 
 Total for 1831 61,689 1-2 Bbla. at 3d, for Insp'n 771 2 4 
 [Amount carried forward ] £3 060 \i [Q 
 
n« arfi now 
 Let Laws 
 '^nf'.h of 
 t 'lif^m be 
 ■nt /aw rii- 
 nd qiinlity'j 
 esfiondinjf 
 r Ton, for 
 iv do. 
 
 Provirio« 
 cordinfT to 
 
 No. 4 
 
 1,100 
 << 
 
 (( 
 
 <( 
 
 1,100 
 
 vocnting, 
 
 :ljofFish 
 
 purpose 
 
 Tearljr — 
 
 « 1 3 
 
 6 JO 6 
 
 18 9 
 2 6 6 
 
 1 IG 
 5 18 
 4 12 6 
 9 10 
 
 9 13 e 
 
 1 2 4 
 ) 1» 10 
 
 25 
 
 [Amount brought forward.] 
 Total for 1831,61,689 1-2 Bbls. at 3d. for Inspec'o 771 2 4 
 
 £3,C60 16 10 
 Amnnnt of duties relinquislud for articles import- 
 • ed for the fisheries during tlie same period is 4,688 6 
 
 Leaving a balance of jE 1,627 10 I 
 
 Say fifty vessels employed catching IMac!{«ral on 
 the American system, at an average of 50 tons 
 each, and Ss. per ton G25 
 
 de902 10 I 
 which still leave sufficient fund* to pay the bounty upon I2,05fi 
 Bbls. of No. 1, either of Mackeral or Herring, without taking 
 one shilling out of the ordinary revenue of the country. 
 
 The short trial the country has had of the proaent law rpspect- 
 ing pickled fish, fully satisfy the public; of its utility, by the evi- 
 dent improvement of the quality, although a general cry has 
 been raised against the sum required for inspecting each barrel, 
 find the m«de of paying it. It jilso proves that the Inspector 
 ought to bfl paid out of a general fund; for in many inst.onces the 
 Inspectors are dependant on those very people who have the 
 greatest quantity of fish to inspect; such dop^ndance niuy at 
 limes perhaps influence their judgment, so as to brand the quality 
 a grade better, and thereby impose upon tho consumer. Such 
 Inspectors also are very apt to supersede the more conscientious 
 ones, flfi it naturally lollows that those who make the greater num- 
 ber of No. 1, out of a cargo are the most likely to be employed 
 especially if there is a chanco of his taking goods for hie leea 
 instead of Cash, and which his dcpondance presumes. 
 
 The fifteen hundred pounds that are annually thrown away on 
 Militia Musters^ might perhaps with equal propriety :u)d advan- 
 tage to the Province, for one year at least, be appropriated to tho 
 erecting of Sheds and other conveniencies on tho best fishing 
 stations for the accomodations of those who cure Herrings. 
 That such edifices as will screen the fish from the scorching rava 
 of a July sun are wanted, and that the scarcity of No. 1 Heirin-'s 
 Hre entirely attributed to the want of them, I am creditably in- 
 tnrnied, by those who are experienced fishern)en, nod wiio have 
 suffered by not having them; being convinced that Herrin^'t* 
 ought not to be put iri water of any kind, not even piclcle, uiuil 
 properly struck with salt. It is impossible, thercft.re, to keep 
 them fresh and green, in such a warm eeascn, without brinij 
 
r. 
 
 26 
 
 protected from the bi n, and which oniy can be done by building 
 shades for the purpoiip. Great care also should be observed in' 
 nnking tlic harrch nf prnpnr wood, and so close as to hold in 
 the first pickle, ii-hi:li alnne cure the fish, ns may be learned hy 
 reference to the following extract, taken from a number of lh« 
 Edinburgh Masazine of 1819. The writer treating of (ho laws 
 by which the Dutch govern their fisheries, states that, " tho 
 moment the Tl'^'.r'-lngs are laid upon the deck, they are strewed 
 over with salt, the gills and gut are taken out by an incisior» 
 made by a knife instead of the fingers, as ia the custom with us. 
 The using the knilo is the preferable way, as the great blood 
 vessels of the heart are laid open, and a concideiable quantity 
 of blood is discharged. By this means 'ho Dutch Herrings are 
 much whiter than the British, being sc^cured fcom blacknes.* 
 occasioned by (he cooguUtion of blood. They never take more 
 Herrings on board in the morning than they think they are able 
 to cure about the going down oftiie sun. If any should remain 
 uflcr that period, the Master is obliged to throw them overboard.' 
 
 '« The master of the Bus<«, maketh oath that ho will separate 
 tho Herrings taken in one night, from those taken in another, 
 and that he shall notify in the list of the marked barrels, on whni 
 night each were taken, under the penalty of forfeiting the ship 
 and cargo. He roust not fill up the barrels more than once with 
 pressed Herrings, taking special care that they are laid even in 
 the layers fronUhe bottom to the top, always taking care that 
 none of the bloody pickle be spill " 
 
 " Every 12 barrels of Herrings to have 4 barrels of Salt, and 
 the Herrings to bo well gutted and properly laid in the barrels 
 under the penalty of 300 Guilder." 
 
 " No Herrings shall be repacked and sent abroad, before the 
 Cure Master haa inspected them, and ascertained that they are 
 properly packed. The Cure Master may order (he barrels twice 
 for inspection, and at each liino to rer.eivg half a farthing for 
 each barrel, one half to be paid by the buyer, and tho other by 
 the seller.'* 
 
 From these regulation.? and a host of others, we may see that 
 the Dutch Government considered the Herring fishery as a trad* 
 of great importance to the S(aie; it was not left to the manage- 
 ment of a few ignorant individuals, but made a national concern, 
 and to (hid may be altributed their extraordinary success. By 
 thuir success also we may learn, that a community, however poor, 
 when their otiention is turned to any one useful undetlaking, 
 
27 
 
 aided and awi-ted by Gov«rnmenl, *rii|, by prudftuca and per..- 
 
 fZ n , I r ^"'''""^«b'f ' and consoquenlly respected. That 
 the Dutch hav8 raised themselves in(o\ nation iL ronim md! 
 respect ornong Europer.n Fofon.«ces. tiu-i. p.c.nr pos.lionTmptv 
 proves; when with a degree ofcoLfideuoc, vn^h [,;s, oaks n^we^ 
 nnd ladependenco, we «e« them put on ^he ar2t « 'd.fia oe 
 T n" united efforts of the most powerful combin«tion that 
 h« world could devise to mtimidate them, we may naturallv 
 nfer that they are rich and independcnl; and if thty have th « 
 hecome respectable at home, and formidable abroad by pro ^ 
 cutmg a trade that required them to leave their hordes Won 
 nonths m each year, and live nt sea hundreds o ea^es fVom 
 their houses, how much more so may this Province Kmes? 
 posse..mg every advantage which nature could confer to nVkJ 
 
 Besr;ef;;;t:th:'"H'"'''"'^',""' .ndependaot as TnaTion 
 ful, mniro , . f .h ' m"''' "'"^ protection of the most power- 
 ul J nip, thai the world ever product^d, to encourafie our com- 
 merce abroad, and eiiiold us from lie aa^ression of aIL; 
 r-ghbours. It IS ou. fault, then, and ou?'Yo "if to alTow h" 
 pn.o to escape which is placed within our reach on Tucb .dvln 
 ta,jeous terms thai nothing but crmmal ij^norance o ts wortS 
 ^str/dXtT '-' ""' ^*" ""'^ --^ry's prospenVrc^ti 
 
 Thnt no Colony belonging to the British Empire nossessM 
 more natural resourcns which indicate the germ7o 7rea ne-s 
 as do this Province and at no distant period^hat it m^ust rise to 
 consequence, is obvious to any person who chooses to ennui o 
 mto the nature of its capabilities. Possessmir an extent n<-sl« 
 
 l7l:'rr' '""1"^ "'''' «^ ext.nt-!ini,"ed ': th innu 
 me able Harbours and Bays, swarming with every varie.y of 
 ImsN and studded m every direction with quarries of GypTum 
 and Freestone of the first quality-the incalculable exSan^ 
 .ch«« ol Its Mines and Minerals, affording the means of an ev- 
 tensive revenue from the exportation of r\w Mater als* and a 
 soil which yields an average of twenty returns by t ,e rudest 
 manner of cultivation, together with the astonishing fac that the 
 Province contained in 1827, cultivated acres of land 1 292 009 
 vhen at the same time the Inhabitants amounted only to 1«3 8^' 
 ndividuals, leaving 10 1-4 acres of cultivated land to each Inha- 
 h.tarit, which together with the peculiar benefits it derives from ', 
 geographical and political relation to Great Bntam, the StVtes and 
 tKC«_nad.«, and the manifold advantage, it posCos oteMhc 
 
 * S«« Apptndix C. 
 
fi 
 
 \y' 
 
 28 
 
 Utter owing to its proximity to tho West Indies and Meditcrra- 
 ucni), with which it can trndu at all seasons of tho year, are a 
 connatination of happy circumslancns, as seldom fall to liio 
 lot of any onr State, much less a Province. If therefore there 
 Ih any possibility of this Province rernainino in its present nn- 
 propitious stata'as regards the Fisheries and Ao;ripulture, the 
 Jiiull is entirely our'n, for its natural and political advantat.e8 
 are so palpably developed and so evidently flattering, as to leave 
 IIS not the shadow of nn excuse, if we fail in turning to good 
 account (hose inestimable treasurej. 
 
 APPENDIX A. 
 
 Tha fallowing Letter appeared in the l»ictouOb«enrer of February th« 
 8ih., 1832, which is considered ccnslusive upon thia point. 
 To the Hen. the House oj Jlstemhly, in Gen. Sessions now convened: 
 
 Ge:itlemen,— Since Nova Scotia became the undisputed 
 Colony of Great Britain, by the Treaty of 1763, no event arising 
 oi:t of the prero^-atives of the Ciown has occured, which involves 
 more aerious covisequenres to its inhabitants, than ihat of leasing 
 the Mines of the Province to Rui.dell, Bridge &. Rundell, for 
 the term of Sixty Years. _ . . , , 
 
 V»ith yco, who I presume are individually acquamled with the 
 theo'.y and practice of politicai economy, it is useless to expa nle 
 or declaim on the pernicious effects of all monopolies: you so 
 who are acquainted with tho rapid advancement of the m^ u- 
 facturing towna of Great Britain must know, that the un- 
 precedented irrowlh and iiiduHtry of Glasgow, Manchester 
 Leeda and Birmingham, is entirely to be attributed to the mineral 
 productions of their soil. It therefore requires no extraordinary 
 etforta of political vision to discern, that this act of Kingly power 
 is alike subversive of Colonial |iro8perity and British freedom. 
 
 That the prosperity of a country must be retarded in the same 
 proportion that its capabiiitiea are sealed or tramelled by exclu- 
 sive privileges, is an axiom in political economy, ratified by tha 
 experience of every country and a^e of the world. If the 
 Legislature therefore, allows these articles to be engrossed by 
 11 responsible monopolies, they tacitly make over the very vitals 
 of the commerce and manufactures of their country to the caprice 
 and oupiditv of a «et of pawnbrokers in Loadon, who with be- 
 
29 
 
 Nova Sc<>lian3,ana a.otnt« to in^ paramount necewity, 
 
 .vhwh Nr^tn.n i..M>5^-:!;^; , ,^^?;.,„,' „,one. enter* l.^«e!y 
 m.a .-vpry .o.ru'^M' '^■•"""•^; '';,;■ Urn V ram.lv,. ---(M-^"*''.^ '" " 
 
 Ihnt .nasi »^^«^^^''['I^ "^■'"i^'Xcial.on .xe.c>.t^:' ov.r .»..< a-l- .-, 
 
 ia of itself a «"utler «. no ;'^;:'' ,,,^d ,his esd^.^'ve ..fjln is 
 principle unnnvvh.ch tW bav« «^^ '' ^^^ „,,,,.e. a ch.-.H.tcr 
 taken int.. the scale, ^''« ^^^^^^ ;'^,e8; ««p=»rale and apart from 
 fraught With inomenluouB c«"««J«"" j^' .^'„„ ,h, no.na.ol value 
 
 of the arliclu. U then mvolv.« th . ^ , „^ ,,„«„,« w..h 
 
 has a right to exerc,.e a Po- ,^^^„^, „,,, ,,,, 
 
 the acknowledge*' right ot ii.t< 
 
 local affairs. . ^,^,y .oMntry ia regobinil by 
 
 That the valao of rea ^«^^^ ^,.^i,,.„ r,,,,e. „v.. «..«..!«<- 
 
 tb« state of l>r'>^i'«^''y :^^ rplatn a iact t. r.qu,... ilh.^t."'"'"^ 
 ,,rc3 r.na ooanvierce, .«<-'> >''«",, compet:r..>r. m trade, !>a 
 Every oh..roctuMVth«re o e t « '.^ ^ valuoofthe soil, a.w.l. 
 a direct and Vr^^^^^'f^^'^^^.^t opoa the .,int o. .nv.ot.on 
 aa a benamb.ng f'^ '^'^ '' '^f ^ .^.j r..r only uhere co.nauxM.l 
 
 ;n..erpri=e .nd '^'''«'"^"*^'r"H t e It therefore folio.-., that 
 of good laiv8 and ^^'=**;- '"*;'''' ^e^^^^^^^ Mininj? Association ib a 
 the'monopoly ^-'J^-^^^^^^y,'^;. 01 h country fthat .it depresses 
 dead weight on the p"^'^'^.* "' „,^ ^^me tune it increase* he 
 tlv'value'of real --t^'J ; "\ I ^ "ve; may be said of n«l^s 
 value of the nece«sar.e»of I 0^ ^ ;^ ^^,„rge than lud.- 
 
 secured to u. by the Br. i.h ^onBt'i^'^ , A.s»e-iation 
 
 Tr 1 to talk of them, a« on, us the G- ^^ ,^,,,J,^^. fabr.c .. 
 tv.ll retain their present po v • * ",^,,^.,,.,,,„,H,nt.. of a.b.trary 
 a buttress of defence «|?" ".^^\ ^f,,^^aiiy admitted. It .9 how- 
 ;ower, is a proposit.on that a "" - - j^^ „,, ,, ,, ,f .iself an 
 Uer the he.ght of f^ " fj > °i',,,,^s and the injurious exten- 
 ■.mnrejinable barrier between civil r „ ^ ^^ ^^^^^^ ^^f 
 
 Zr^i monarch.al P^*-^'"^;"-^- ,. iJ' .^ts own p.-«on or tho.e 
 
 'ecunty to protect the -^^^^^ Z^\e. of logmmate right., 
 
 of his representatives, he hii^^ " j, p ^.i .^ subjects a« the 
 
f 
 
 .^WSk/ 
 
 ^r 
 
 30 
 4ib«rtie« from the Law* of Nova Scotia, m Englbhiiwo h«r. from 
 ihow of England. How far tbo comparison hold, good .s a 
 nroblera of easy Bolutiw as regard, the m.neral product.oiui of 
 both countriea. lo England th«re is 1,0 monopoly of these, ho 
 exclusive privilege* in favour of stock jobbers. The trade is as 
 open as any other for capitali«ta to engage in. 1 he reverse of 
 Jlthia is the case in Nova Scotia. And to whom are these 
 conceaaions made? To men who are living • ut of the country 
 who mav just be regarded as foreigners, having no other objact 
 but that of hoarding i>elf exacted from the inhab.tantB, under 
 the most onerous and unfair conditions that ever disgraced the 
 
 tTansBctiona of usurious Jews. Fn«l«nd 
 
 If in tha nineteenth century, .t was possible to find in England 
 
 a Kinff and Ministry eoj void of common sense and reckless ot 
 
 the people's rights, aa to suggest the idea of sieziog "?"« «"y 
 
 aupposed source of wealth with a view to appropriate it to the 
 
 TxcLive benefit of the crown, let alone a Cmpany of pn^ale 
 
 ir.dm<iua/», would not the united voice of the people and the r 
 
 repre-entalives rend the air-make the th. one trernbia to .s 
 
 centre with the universal cries of " privilege! privilege! liberty! 
 
 liberty ! and freewiwi's rights !" 
 
 APPENDIX B. 
 F'om thaPict.u Obierver, of 26lh. S«ptombor 1982. 
 To the Freeholders of the County of Cape Breton. 
 Gentlemen -The Imperial Pa.hamentof Great Britain has 
 c«Se tothe ir revcable conclusion, thatJSTova Scelia .nust support 
 ToVr^ZiUstablishnent. This arrangement, unaer ordinary c- 
 ^umrances would be a judicious, just, and wise policy, and a. it 
 ts m?y eventuallv turn out to the benefit of the Colony providing 
 ^'ch a proceeding will be met by Nova Scotians, m that enlighten- 
 ed spfruXh w?ll coavir.ce the Ministry, that while the preroga- 
 Tivea • the Crown will he duly respected, their own constituticMia 
 iighu will be manfully asserted, «nd ^^^^'^ ,'«.«'"^*!"*^'l,v,.,y;" 
 Reoresentatives in Legislative Assembly, being the 1 nbunal 
 «S?- to decide what these prerogatives are, as well as ihe 
 TrBan though which your rights must be asserted ought of rje- 
 Sv to powess sufficient political knowledge to discriminate. 
 
 ZtVnT:po.er of actin"; and »»>« .t^. «/ -Xr'w" 
 «i,«««,lpaapd oreroaat ve, but one which like all others, was 
 iverTn ended Ke enf«rc«d but for the general interests ol the 
 ttJl TeJer therefore there was a period which required 
 L^'talent d sirresiedness and independence than another, 
 Z aoD oachinr8e«i«>n"f ♦he General Assembly is that period^ 
 SaehTuie imLtance, in mv estimation, of the subjects which 
 t^^t^^Z^^oH^ Ufofe them, Ibat every County and 
 
 \ 
 
 41 
 
 .~,,;jTg5 
 
Towiiphip ^vhich h83 the privilege of r»tiM^ii»g member., ouohi 
 iroracdiateJy to petition the Executive for a dissolution of *h« 
 House, in order to afford them an opportunity of returning such 
 only as would act in the spirit of the following resohiliona which 
 should \n my humble opinion be univettBJIv entered into Th» 
 now altered circumstances of the Colony 'imperatively d^maad 
 such a course. 
 
 lb». that it is i.jconflistent with, arwi subversive of the con«tittt. 
 tional rights and liberties secured to all British Colonies possew- 
 mg Leg.jiulures., thai any Individual or body of Individuals 
 should be thrust upon the Colony to monopolize and exercise 
 uncontrouled dominion over the natural production* of the soil 
 without their knowledge, approbation or consent. ' 
 
 2d. That the commodities engrossed by the General Minine 
 association, comprise the necessaries of life, the very sinews of 
 commerce and manufactures, the most successful meana of 
 acquiring national wealth and prosperity, as well as iho surest 
 source for yielding the greatest amount of Revenue to the Coun- 
 try and productive labour to its Inhabitants. 
 
 3d. that in order to secure to ourselves and posterity our riflbts 
 as Frcmen and British subjacls, and likewise the means of pros- 
 perity to our Country, we will endeavour to get the iniquUoua 
 monopoly of the General Mining Association cancelled, and th« 
 mineral productions of our Country placed under the conlroul of 
 the local Legislature. 
 
 APPENDIX C. 
 
 Fr«m the Pictou Observer of 2«th. Sepi'r., 1832. 
 To the Frtcholders of the County of Cape Breton. 
 Gkntx.emen.--1 hat the Coal Mines of Nova Scotia alone 
 constitute the most lucrative source of revenuo which the Pro-* 
 vince Qoes or possibly can enjoy, ia so clearly established by tha 
 following facts, that any person possessing sense enough to count 
 his own fingers may satisfy himself a, to its correctness. The 
 
 JV?hl i'lr' '"tv ''^ ^^'^^'T ^''Pi'^^"'''' "o"' known by the name 
 of the Albion Mines, were leased by Adam Carr, Esquire, from 
 George bm.th and V\,lliam Liddell, Esquires in J 820. The 
 following were two of the conditions enjoined by that lease, viz.: 
 » That he the said Adam Carr, his Executors, Administrator.^ 
 and Assigns will pay at the office of the Secretary of th» Province 
 quarterly and every quarter, Anxmg the continuance of his said 
 term for the Mu.e onlho West aide of the River on McKay's 
 grant, the sum of Sixty -five pounds currency, and will at the end 
 ol each year, pay at the same place, the further aum of Three 
 
 R.llhlf ^"\:^";'>'' ''"f •^«<^»'' «"*! every chaldron of Thirty-six 
 Bushels each, above the quantity of Fourteen Hundred Chaldron. 
 
<; 
 
 mtno 
 
 Lidfif'jl, thvir h«ir«, iixeSHW*, h'jT)ifift.tf}sfors, 'Jla^as'^fj;r;3, that 
 ♦heaiPtl Atl^fhVGqrr. wili ^ir.y (\'r,irtir\y , unto (ho t^d'ul George" 
 Sniilii find \ViniBfn*Ii!fl'iel!, oiu; •Uiillinjj >ii«(] eigli! w'^n<'o cutft-ncy 
 |)'T I hiildron, f.»r >ncli hikI pvjtv yhaldrun bo inuj^dig (r(m^ Iho 
 uMitl |iii, iiihI f-rNvhifl) tli»; said duly is to Ite pnidn^ aforo^aid,'* 
 Thtis yon AVdl pcrcpjv*!, llirtt ilui fili'mer liesaeo, fmM^ a' tax of 
 five Hliillin(>3 Hnd fiv« pnnca |)*'r cliiildron, for Hie "Jjt' "foflrtcen 
 hundred clinldroiiH </«"• in puch year, nnd fonr MJIiiigs and 
 eight |)enc« per chnldron, (or ihe residue, a hunh'^rirW^i-.h it is 
 uvidenlfilT.ould bear, from thn notorious f»vA, that'TVlr. Cnrr 
 acciiaiulntod a cnmfortnbl'e independence, while he sold the 
 roali) ai iho y/t^ry prieo now ri)>irged by ihe Comp-iny »t Jhe Pits!! 
 The rxportnlion of CojiIh H» Sydney for the month endin<; ihH 
 3l.«t Augo.-it In^t, vvn« 6,200 chaldrons, which I presume will be 
 a prettv coriect guide to a!«certatn the qaantity exported for the 
 present year, Chal. 
 
 nay Hix (Month's in Summer at Sydney 6,200 Chals. 
 
 per month, . ' . . 37,200 
 
 Six Months in Winter at Sydney, 3,100 -chals. per 
 
 month, . . 18,600 
 
 Six months in Summer at Pictou 4,000 chals. per 
 
 month, . ■ . . 24,000 
 
 Six Months in Winter at Pictou 1,500 chals. per 
 
 month, . . . . 9,000 
 
 Making a total of 
 which at the 43. 8d. per chaldron amounts to 
 The Company now pay annually 
 
 88 80O 
 
 £18,970, 0, 
 
 3,333 13 4 
 
 Leaving n Balance due th*» Province of £ 15,636, 6, 8 
 
 Here tljen you will observe ia a plain calculation, founded upon 
 their own admissions, and which 1 feel confident is not exagger- 
 ated, atu! wb'<'b aHniits ofboinj rnuittplifd at least tenfold before 
 tho'«xpi.-.i!ion •>( tbc !.en<e, .•Hid vviii(b at th-H limf* will amount to 
 the Htnaziofi sorrnf £ ioO.OOOpei iniiiiim i n^-k vnu th'srefore, 
 will you I't; the oitive in.*n loMenU; nC'ea ifijr '•'•:» t/omps^ny's mono- 
 poly and your own and Country's oppression ? 
 
 TBS ISHB. 
 
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