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PROMNCF OY } Court of Appeals, Our i'^fjicreign Lord the KING, (^J^ilcrr-'')nv^ [larty in the Court bdoir,') APPELLANT, ami r()«i<:rt frostk, (Plahiiij}' in the Court bchir,} RESPONDENT, nnd WILLIAM LINDSAY, (Defendant in the Covrt helov.y /a Trn: Respondent's Case, m nTm: prosrnJ npjx-al is hi-m.i.lit from a Judgment, rendoved in llie Ivmo's Bend, at Mnnlroal, di^nnssini.- an inlervenlion li led by '• Davul ' IU.SS Ks(,uircs Kini.'s (\.unsel, lor and on behall ot our We.gn - 1 ord U..' Kin-," in' a cause wherein the Appellant was Plamtift and ,.no' William Lindsay was Defendant, by which Jndonienl the interven- lioii of the Kinti,- N\as di:sniis;ied. 'iM!(> ovi'vin^.l iHtion was an action of revcndication, instituted by thfi \nuellant",oainsl the said AVilliam Lindsay, for the recovery of twelve iulles of flannels and one hale of superfme <-lol|'^, *;f ^>»-«-^ .^f '^' ^^r lon-ino- to the Anpellaia and whereof the iraid M ilham Lnidsay had ■'lleo-allv p(ts-essed himsellv To thi^ aeticn William T.ind^av pleaded 1he general is.nie, and two' T Vas of instilication: the t.r- p-lea of ju^tiiU^alion alledgnig that the said •■ <.„ds and chattels were In' the said Williun Lindsay, t lien and still being ''ollcelor of ills MaiestN-s Customs at the Port of St. Johns, arrested, k >!sses.ion of pcr^oiw who, contrary to their J !e..ianre were aditering to and trading wiUithe enemies ot our Lord ; ..1vin.- and w^re then" and liiere employed in conwymg the said goods ' .^m tlie Frcvin.^e of Lorn r-rauach^ unto the I'nitcd Slates ol America, •< -'the nurnose of trade v.ith. lite enemies of our Lord tlic Krng, m the ^ (UnitedVtalcsof \meiica, and of aiiindingassisUuioe ar.d support to the .' unies of(a;r I.oid tiie Kinu, whcr.-l.Y the^amr be;-amo and were iorle.ted ,: ..oodaudlan till nri/.ete our said Lord the King, and that the same .': ,7, „,.,.i. in o.i:> •:<..^M■.-siMll 'A' l!'-" s's-id ^^■illiam Lindsay as such latrjnl ! .ize. The«ee(>n'J r'ea of iu^lidcfttlo^v states Ihe seizure to ha\e Iktu made ,- ,me'^lena:d"l!arir^.'e;u>of lh<- t)ili,-ers of l\\< Maiesty's Cnstc.ms, and ;>• a partv of s-»l(licMs in tii^ s.tvIct of our Lord tlH« Krng. It does not- fM'l'r m (iUerresurl': hem W'.r jMvceding plea ol juslihration. Ui ■*, ,'1' ^.'.4 tf J. 77 I 71 [^ _y Issue was jo'netl ii|)(tn llicso |il<';i'^. 1m llie mean time tli<' Ut'S|)<>n(lt"il obtdiiicil roslitiitioii of llie propf-itv iipuu o'iviii<^ security lltr its mvpraiscd value. Suhs('(iuenlly to the ioinini;' of issue upou the several p'eas of ^^'ilIiaiIl T,iuil«ay, Mr. ll(»ss obtained leave to liie an intervention ou tlie beliaif of the (-'ru\Mi. {ii this iiitcrvnilionitis allefli>;e(l,"lliat onor about l!ie SOtiidayof l)<'ceir>- " !;(T, 181 J, and lono- bcfcMe and allerwards our Sovri('ii>n L(>r(l ll.'u '•' Kin<;' was al 0]K'ii war \;illithe ( iovernnieiit of the laited Stales oi '• Aiuciiea, and being so ai war, no subject ot' the Kinj;-, an iuhal)ili.:i* ot '• this Province of Lower-Canada, had a riii,lit to export any articles '• whereby the enemies of our said Lord the King could be a.ssisted or '• receive succour. Tlint flannels and every kind oi woollen-* were pro- '■ hibited and not allowed to be exported ironi this I'lovinrc into the '• United States of America. That the said IMaiutifl', in deiiancc of the '• conunon Law and contrary to the alleiiiance wfiich heouo-htand was '• bound to l)ear to our said ISovereigu L'>rd the Kin^i', did on or about '• the said 20lh day of December, IS l-i, illegally, by circuitous roads and " paths, convey anrl cause 1() be conveyed to the Southward and beyond '■ liie Port of St. John and towards the lines between this Pniviiicoaiul '• the United .States of America, the following described goods and clial- '• tels, wares aiid merchandize, to wit, twelve bales or jiackagi's of flan- '• iiels, marked, «S;c. and nnmbcred resp«'clivel\', &c. anil one bale of *• superfine cloths, marked, \r. and numbere;!, «Vr. wi*ii an intent to ♦- trade, e\porl or convey the sauw unto the Uuitixl Slates of America, " and therewith and thereby ai k.v tlio heucfU of our " "...id Lord liu> Kiiii.'', aint all (dhciK, in- that tlir vulse theiJiil' i:iuy b<»' " ;i.!judged to he Ly llic I'luiulilF paid U* our said Lora tlo King-." '!'o this iulerveulioti the rUilntill" lik'd n pica of ^cucrul issue. The cause li.i.vinp: bet'u fixod i'w Ihc .addiictioji of evidence on flio i'^.-^i e raised upon llie ;ii!er\( ulioii, live \\ilncsscs were ext.in' 'in fijy part of the Appellanl iinil four uitne.«ses on the part of the Cr^, The witnesses produced hy tl.e .\pfM4knvt are ])er>nns a\1ui!m, if he had not been scupible of ^.\\v. unfounded nature of the charge eonliune 1 in the intervention, i* would !iave been the heio'hl of iudis'jretrou to produce. They are l!ie carriers (Mnployed by hiiu and the clerk under \vhose im- inedialc sn{K:rit]lendanrii the eiFer"is were, during- llieir conveyance ; men who nuist have known l!;e place of destination oftlie eflfects, and wlio with o.ie voice declare t!i,it it wits MiT'.isqui Bay, in this Province, and not any place in the r'nited i-'fates of America, and who explain most satisfactorily tile cirtMiinstunccs which }tail excited the unfoundh(l suspicions ol tlie offi- cers of tjje C'usloujs at Si. John. The witnesses on the part of the C'rown are first, two soldiers of the late Rt'i.inient of IJe Meuron, who were employed lo assist in making tiie seizure. They prove that these ciFects were seized by them in this Province without any warrant whatever, but mann militan',i\\c same beinjr in the pos.;cs«ion of tile subjects of the Kino; pro(eedinrhfi.rd a conversation between some American Oificers, in wliich it was l!;;iit, lo supply this want of the Kiuf^'s enemies, had sent to them p'(;i!iirls and Hupeijinc broad rlntlm. The parties liavin<;- been heard npon the intervention and evidence, the foiirt below by then- jud^iuenL of the 20th day of June, 1817, dismissed t!ie intervention. il i- (lifhctdt to conceive t')at the Cimrt below should have pronounced ail'. (I'llicr jud<;uicnt upon thiy hilervcntion- First, the demand is n(»f brovijAiit in the name of anv Public Oillcer, by l^aw aulliorized to l.'riu^ it. II is breu;;ht; in thr name of.i (■^eutleinaii stylii;:-; liirnscli" King's Co'.ni- ^l! tor and on bchc.lf ul Our Sovcrci^-\i Lord t!ic Kiii"-.' f TliP Kinpvs C'onntif'l is uoi :m Oil'.ccr of die Crowju lli^ comniissioiv gl\os to liiiii prtct'tkucf but not pu>ver of Eaiohirncut. Indeed the Kinjr could not by Law jrrant unto iiini llic power of f ling an inforniulion or inlGrvention. J St. l?ecause it would not be warranted by ancient u«a«fe. 2dly. Uecause it w-uuld ubridgo the ollice and powers of His Mnjcsly\ Attorncv-CieneraJ. Rul supposiufj tile demand in intervention to liave been well brouj^bt by the *' King's Counsel, foranJ on the behalf of Uur Sovcriogn Lord Ihf King," it is bad — 1st. Reeausc there is no avernienl: tiial, wlien the goiods in (pieslion wcro conveyed to the Soitlhirard andhcijund the Pint of l^f. John, our Sovcreia'u Lord the King was at o|)en war wiili the persons adininislering IheCiovern- ment of the United Slates of America : and beauise il is said only thai they were so conveyed about the 20lh day of December, 18 which is \agut! and uncertain. 2dly. Because there is in the said inlervenlion averred arr the ?;rninul nf Ihc. demand, a traitorous intent in the ItcMpoudcut, accompanied bv a;'. itvert act, whi.h is high treason^ and caimol be Irietl in any civil suit or action. .■'dlv. Because it is not in the said intervention, averred llint l!ie ffootls mentioned in the said inl(M'* cntion arc the gooiU i« -ilihiliou whcri'ulis by llic Plaintiff in and b\ hi-, i^eclaralion demaudiTl. Ithly.. Because trading with the King's enemi* ■« d;)(.«; noF, by the com- mon or Statute Law of the Kii'.gditm, wxrUauy foileilnic of llie gooJs used lu such trade. Such Iriulinu' it niav be admitted is iilciial ; an iusuranci^ ii])on tJie vessel emploved in it or upon Iier ( argo may be void (^S.T. U. j-lS. ) U may be a mistlemeanor t'.> carry corn lit the enemy in lime of war, as all Ihe Judges sai pr:iV(. tlial there are dtiur rejnedies provided for llic mischief. T(i «Iivesl the. Api)cll.int oi' his good-, some known and certain rule of Law inusl b*; .produced v.i tlie pari di Ihc ('rown. .■>thly. But if trading with the enen)y d(»;»s wo;k a forf'iltne of the gro(N u-ed in s\ich trade,. the u'cre intent lo trade, Uioe.gli aec()U!',>anied by anoveii iuf, will not wurk a forfiilnre. The trading iNi'lfis a mere misdemeanc.;-, !he intent to trade with an u\ert act, is therefore no crime, lu all (he cases of condemnalie-ii under Uie ^Iarilii)\e Law in tins matter, IIumc has Ijeen an actual (radin^, (^ca-e of I'.ie Ibiop, i..l\. A. U. 1. lOli, and cares there cited.) ;.. t^thly. If Ihe^x goods ;u-e li:;i'lc 1;^ cer.ilemnation al a'i, ll^ry are so liable as prize of war, it is accordinglv «n this ground that their condenmalion i-- prayed. They must then be good- taken by m.irilime eaplure, (whie!i it is not pretended thai these gcuds arc) or good^ taken as plnnder or boMJy in a mere continental land war. And altlmugli there i-; no instance in his- tory or law, ancient (a* modern, of any (piestion betbie any legal Judical lue, ever having existed abitiil plunder (jr bouly in.th(> Kingd iiu of l^^ngland, (Lord ^Mauslield, apud Dmig. ()N,) yet it is (juile certain that lo con-'i- tnte plunder or bootv, there must be a taking froiii. Ike cw.-ni'i. .Now the goods m (piesliou were not taken Iru o Ihe eneaiy but from one of the King's subjects. f /tlily. Biiv.ir lli(? g;oods Ik' liahlt* Id confiscjilion us prize df war, llio (luo^* tion at prize or no prize cannot be Iried Ity a Court oi' mere Municipal . I ii- riHiHclion, such as the Court of King's Ik'uch, ail Montreal, ft could only bo tried by a Court conversant with ami acling- under the Law of Nations. Lecaux vs. Kden, {2. Uoug-. .')94, and I^indo vs. Rodney, and another.} 8thly. But if the Court of King's Bench at Montreal could lawfully con- demn these g-oods us prize of war, that Court could only so condemn theni durinfi; the ivar. Now the intervention was fyledand tlie judj^inent of the Court pronomu^ed allcr the return of peace. Lastly. There is no evidence that these rroods were conveyed from .Mon Ireal with the intent of tradinj^' willi the enemy, Quebec, 20lhJuiy, 1818.