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1
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6
VMHH
T
UIDE
f
TO
GENDERS :
BEING
A SrST^^M TO ENABLE THE ENGLISH-SPEAKING
COMMUNITY TO READILY DISTINGUISH THE
GENDER OF EVERY FRENCH NOUN
THM' MAY OCCUR.
BY
MRS. ,tj. M. PENNEE.
Q U E B E C :
MIDDLI^ QN & DAWSON.
1871.
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GUIDE
TO
FRENCH GENDERS:
BEING
A SYSTEM TO ENABLE THE ENGLISH -SPEAKING
COMMUNITY TO READILY DISTINGUISH THE
GENDEH OF EVERY FRENCH NOUN
THAT MAY OCCUR.
BY
MRS. G. M. PENNEE,
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QUEBEC:
MIDDLETON & DAWSON
MONTREAL:
DAWSON BROTHERS.
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9 *■
«.
PEEFACE.
Every person, acquainted with the French language, is
aware of the immense difficulty under which the English-
speaking community labour with regard to the genders of
French nouns. Many systems for becoming acquainied with
their intricacies have already been given to the public, and
some have been somewhat extensively used. Two of these
systems, in particular, have been of great service to myself
in tuition, as well as for my own use, and these two are
" Goodluck's French Genders taught in Six Fables," pub-
lished in London many years ago; and ''Bolmar's Treatise
on French Genders," as found in that gentleman's edition of
Levizac's Grammar.
To both of these authors I am considerably indebted, and
I have drawn largely on their works. The only merit I lay
claim to personally is that of having combined the results of
their labours and having added such extra words as by a
careful investigation of the Academy Dictionary I found
necessary.
I have tried to reduce the Genders to rule as much as
possible. When this, however, was impossible, I have had
recourse to terminations. Nouns of each of these termina-
tions I have woven into a few lines that I trust will not be
IV
PRBPAOB.
found difficult to learn by heart; ''L'avide puni," being the
guide to the masculine terminations (and containing only
masculine nouns); and "La France" to the feminine (em-
bracing only feminine nouns).
Technical terms and scientific words I have placed in
separate lists at the end of each set of notes. These latter
are neither useful nor necessary for iho general student to
commit to memory. They are rather for reference, and to
make this little book as complete a guide as possible to all
the nouns in the French language, which, I believe, amount
to about 20,000 in all. I trust my readers will bear this in
mind when inclined to complain of the somewhat numerous
exceptions that are to be found in these pages.
No human system is perfect, but the one I now ofiFer to
the public is the result of long experience and much patient
toil, and therefore I claim indulgence beforehand for all
errors and imperfections ; and I also earnestly request my
fellow- workers in the field of literature and instruction, to
make known to me any errors they may discover, or any
ameliorations in my plan that may occur to them.
Georgiana M. Pennine,
Quebec, Sept. 1st, 1871.
GUIDE TO FRENCH GENDERS.
Gender is. strictly speaking, the distinction of sex, but in
the French language this distinction has been extended to
ull nouns.
Some nouns are masculine absolute, and represent men in
their actions, trades, and state of life, and in this class must
be reckoned terms of abuse, &c., which are used only to men.
Other nouns, again, are feminine absolute, representing
women in their actions, trades, and state of life, and this
class also includes terms of abuse, &c.
Nouns of these two classes of masculine absolute and femi-
nine absolute, are not mentioned in the following rules, as
their signification announces their gender, and must alone
determine it. It frequently occurs that the termination of
these masculine and feminine absolutes is in contradiction to
their meaning, as
garde, a guardsman (de is a fern, termination),
laideron, an ugly woman (on is a mas. termination),
bru, a dauqhter-in-law (a is a mas. termination),
but, as above said, the meaning of the noun determines its
gender.
Proper names of men and women, likewise, are not men-
tioned in the rules, as, of course, each name is peculiar to
one or the other sex.
The broad rule for distinf>'uishing genders is that mascu-
line nouns end in a consonant or in the vowels a, t, o, u,
whilst the feminine end in e mute. This broad rule, how-
ever, has such almost innumerable exceptions that more
minute rules are here given. Such nouns as do not come
under the head of any of these rules, are mostly classified
according to their terminations. Such as are not mentioned
111 liiU lUllUW'lUg XUiCD^ UUtCDj au U. lip t>3^ IVllVVT UH\i W^\JCL\x xuiu.
6 GUIDE TO PRENOn GENDERS.
RULES FOR CLASSIFICATION OF MASCULINE NOUNS.
1, Dicu, God] homrae, man; all animals of the male
kind,— lion, lion, &c.; and all those ohjects to which we
fancifully attribute mnxrulme qualities; as ange, angel;
satire, mttyr ; soleil, sun. &o.
•J, The names of trees, as chenc, oak; peuplier, ^op/«r,
EXCEPTION.
YouHo, holm.
3* The names of shrubs, as rosier, rose hush, &c.
EXCEPTIONS,
Aul>cpinc, hairthorn.
liourdainc;, black alder.
Epin(!, thorn.
Ilonce, hriar.
Vigne, rine.
4, The names of the seasons of the year, — printemps,
spring ; et^, summer, ka.
Automne, avtumn, is of hoth genders.
^. The names of the days of the week — Dimanche, Sun-
day ; Lundi, Monday, &c.
Oi The names of metals and minerals, as fer, iron;
mercure, mercury, &c.
EXCEPTIONS.
Argile, clay.
Calamine, calamine.
Calamite, calamite.
Chalcedoine, chalcedony.
Tole, sheet iron.
7, The names of colours, as noir, hlach ; blanc, ivliite, &c.
8. The letters of the alphabet, as un, a ; un, h, &c.
9i Nouns compounded of a verb and noun are invariably
miasculine, even though the noun be feminine. Adjectives,
numeral adjectives, pronouns, verbs, adverbs, prepositions,
conjunctions, and interjections, used substantively, are mas-
culine, as un casse-noisette, a nut-cracker ; le bon, good ; le
manger, irie eacmg ; nu quuit, unr^jumvii, ^ uu «iAi«?iii», w/tt-
tenthj &c.
GOIDE TO FRENOn GENDERS.
EXCEPTIONS.
Uno moitie, a half, and all Noh. ending with aine, as ime
douzaiue, xmo quinznino, &c.
Unc antique, an antique. Une perpendiculairo, a per-
pendicular line.
Une courbc, a curve line. Unc tangente, a tangent.
10* The names of the cardinal points, and of the winds,
as le sud, the south ; le nord, the north, &c.
EXCEPTIONS.
Bisc, north-east wind.
Briso, liffht wind.
Rafale, sqnall.
Tramontane, tramontane.
Moiisson, moussonj monsoon.
11, The names of empires, kinpjdoras, countries, and
rivers, ending in a consonant, as Br(3sil, Brazil; Portugal,
Portugal ; le Rhin, the Rhine, &c.
IS. The names of mountains, as Caucase, Caucasus ;
Parnasse, Parnassus ; Vdsuve, Vesuvius, &;c.
Alpes.
EXCEPTIONS.
Cordilli^re. Pyrenees.
Vosges.
IJI. The names of animals, birds, fish, shell fish, reptiles,
and insects, in which the male is not distinguished from the
female, and that do not end with e mute, as ours, hear ;
vautour, vulture; saumon, salmori ; houi^ri^, lobster ; ver,
worm, &c.
EXCEPTIONS.
Brubis, sheep.
Fourmi, ant.
Perdrix, partridge.
Soiiris. mouse.
Chauvc-souris, \bat.
Rema rk.— The names of towns, boroughs, and villages are
sometimes masculine and sometimes feminine ; and as no
good rule can be given, it is better for a foreigner, to avoid
mistake, to use after them the words ville, bourg, village,
and say, for instance, Paris est une belle ville, Paris is a
fine town, instead of Paris est beau, Paris is fine.
8 GUIDE TO FRENCH GENDERS. •
TALE, INTRODUCING MASCULINE TERMINATIONS.
IjAvide Puni.
(6) (20) (11)
Un Arabe, eselave k Rome^ avait entendu dire qu'il y avait
(10) (14)
plusieurs articles de prix, caches dans un cSnotaphe v wsin.
(15) (15) \\b)
I-e matamore s'y introduit, et trouvant un nombre de wffres
(12) ^ (3)
il en emporta un. Mais il trouva du micompte a midi quand
il I'examina, car il n'y avait que des lares, autremer , dit,
(5) (15) (9) (10) (2)
dieux dos dti^es. Sans perdre courage, le coupahle fit marche
(13) (15) , ao)
avec un compagnon, un negre, son digne disciple, de I'accom-
(4)
pagner et y retourna encore. Les deux bravos d«^roDerent
(15) . (18)
encore un coffre mais il n'y ayait dedans qu'un buste en
(15) (16) (10)^
cuivre, des carnets d ivoire, des ustensiles qui avaient servi
(15) . (')
pour le sacre d'un pr^tre et pour offrir un sacrifice, avec
(15)
d'autres j?ro/>res anciens appartenant a quelque vieux mili-
(17) (15) . (1)
taire, II y avait aussi des cendres mais pas un iota d'or ou
(15)
d'argent. Dans un delire de desappointement, grognant
(19) (10) , . (10)
comme un dogue et se mordant les angles, il s'toia '^Maroujie
que je suis! Je n'y retournerai plus !"
The numbers refer to the corresponding notes.
MASCULINE.
FEMININE EXCEPTIONS.
JJnte 1. (a) Many of these words are adopted from other
languages; masculine.
Ex. : Sepia, sepia (« tvater-cGloiir paint).
GUIDE TO FRENCH GENDERS.
Note 2. (4) Nouns in 4 not t4 or ti4 masculine.
* Ex. : Psyche, a cheval glass.
Note 3. (i) Masculine, except
apr^s midi, the afternoon. merci, mercy.
loi, law. foi, faith.
paroi, partition (generally used in the plural).
Note 4. (o) Most of the nouns in o are adopted from the
Italian, and are ail Masculine but Medical terms.
Noce 5- (u) Masculine, except
eau, icater.
peau, skin.
glu, bird-lime.
Note 6r. (be) Masculine, except
bourbe, sand.
courbe, turn, curve.
fouvbe, deceit.
tourbe, tuif.
gerbe, sheaf.
herbe, grass.
superlDe, pride.
bombe, boombshell.
trombe, water-spout.
catacombes, catacomb.
(generally used in plural.)
torabe, a tomb.
Note 7. (ice) Masculine, except
avarice, avarice.
cicatrice, scar.
* delices, delights.
epice, spice.
immondice, rubbish,
injustice, injustice.
justice, justice.
* delice (sing.) is masculine.
Note 8. (ide) Masculine, except
bastide, country house.
a?gide, segis, shield.
guide, rein.
tribu, tribe.
vertu, virtue.
robe, a dress.
bribe, large piece of breaa^
(plural, scraps,)
tube, tube.
gobbe, poisoned bail for a
bulbe, bulb. [dog,
joubarbe, house leek.
rhubarbe, rhubarb.
diatribe, diatribe.
syllabe, syllable,
(the compounds of syllabe
are masculine.)
lice, lists (tournament)^
malice, malice.
matrice, mould.
milice. militia.
notice, notice.
police, police.
premices, first fruits .
(plural always.)
pyramide, pyramid.
rido- torinkle,
tournebride, tavern (near a
mansion in the country.)
10
GUIDE TO FRENCH GENDERS.
Note 9. (ge) Masculine, except
fontange, style ofivoman^s
head dress.
fange, mire.
iv^xigQ^ fringe.
grange, ham.
losange, lozenge.
loiiange, upraise.
orange, orange.
phalange, phalanx.
vendange, vintage.
vidange, emptying.
berge, steep honk.
flamberge, sword Resting).
serge, serge.
verge, ycrd.
orge, barley.
auge, trough.
' bauge, retreat of a wild hoar,
jaiige, gage.
gauge, sage (plant).
alonge, piece to lengthen.
eponge, sponge.
longe, loin {of veal).
charge^ load, charge.
dcchargc, unloading, dis-
charge.
surcharge, overloading.
targe, target, shield.
horloge, clock.
loge, hut, box.
toge, Roman toga.
courge, gourd.
ambages (pi. ),«<^^<J circum-
cage, cage. [locution.
image, image.
nage, sivimming.
plage, flat shore.
rage, rage.
passerage, pepper wort.
saxifrage, saxifrage.
allege, lighter (sort of boat)
neige, snow.
tige, stalk.
volige, thin hoard.
voltige, slack rope.
gouge, gouge.
forge, forge.
gorge, throat.
Note 10. (ble, cle, file, gle, ile, ple,.yle). All other nouns
in le are classed under the Feminine termination notes.
(1) Fern, exceptions to hU :
etable, stable,
fable, fable.
table, table.
(2) Exceptions to ch :
besides pi., spectacles.
boucle, buckle.
(3) Exceptions to/o ;
mornifle, slap in the face.
(4) Exceptions to gle :
' tringle, lath.
cible, target.
bible, bible.
chasuble, chasuble.
debacle, breaking up of the
t ice.
escarboucle, carbuncle.
pantoufle, slipper.
r^gle, rule.
OtflDE TO PEENCH GENDEftS.
11
dis-
ion.
(5) Exceptions to He :
argile, clai/.
bile, bile.
file, file.
huile, oil.
(6) Exceptions to pie : None.
(7) Exceptions to yle : None.
ile, isle.
pile, pile.
tiiile, tile.
vigile, viffiL
Note 11. (me) All but ime, a feminine termination, for
which see Note 8 Feminine.
EXCEPTIONS.
oat)
mns
tm.e, soul,
bergame, coarse hangings. ■
entame, first cut.
estame, worsted.
fame,/(277i(9.
lame, blade.
rame, oar, ream.
trame, ivoof, plot.
alarme, alarm.
arme, arm.
larme, tear.
ferme^ farm.
forme, /orwi.
"plsLtefoTvue, platform. ^
reforme, reform.
creme, cream,
enigme, enigma.
Note 12. (pie) All Masculine.
drome, raft, float.
gomme, gum.
drachme, drachm,
anagramme, anagram.
epigramme, epigram,
^amme, flame.
gamme, gamut.
oriflamme, oriflamme.
(sacred banner of France.)
amertume, bitterness.
brume, /o^.
coutume, custom.
GC\im.e, froth.
enclume, anvil,
paume, tennis.
plume, feather, pen.
Note 13. (on) All but ion and aison, feminine termina-
tions, for which see Note 17 Feminines.
fihe
EXCEPTIONS.
boisson, drunk.
chanson, song.
cloison, partition.
cuisson, baking,
faqon^ fashio7i.
■fr)iar»n nJ/mfii
; j- — -'—-^-
fredon, quiverings of the voice.
fftrnison, garriion.
guerison, cure.
le^on, lesson.
moisson, harvest.
pamoison, fainting fit.
prison, prison.
rancon ransom. *
trahison, treason.
toison, fleece.
12
GUIDE TO FRENCH GENDERS.
Note 14. (phe) All Masculine, but
epigraphe, epigraph. lymphe, lymph.
epitaphe, epitaph. orthographe, orthography.
logogriphe, logogriph ridelle.
Note 15. (are, bre, ere, dre, fre, gre, ire, ore, pre, tre,
vre), for aire and oire see Notes 15 and 16. The termina-
tions ere, rre, ure, yre are feminine terminations, for which
see Notes 10 and 11 of the Feminines.
Great care must be taken in studying the nouns in re, as
it is the most difficult termination in the Dictionary. In re
Masculine the exceptions are
(1) are:
cithare, musical instrument,
ianfeivti, flourish of trumpets.
gabare, lighter.
gare, terminus.
(2) hre:
chambre, room.
antiwhambre, anteroom.
fibre, fibre.
(3) ere :
guitarc, guitar.
mare, pool.
tare, tare, waste.
tiare, tiara.
acre, acre.
ancre, anchor.
nacre, mother-o' -pearl.
(4) dre :
calandre, calender.
cendre, ashes.
escadre, squadron (of ships).
(5) fre :
balafre, scar.
gaufre, wafer.
(6) ^fre ; No exception.
(7) ire :
buire, vase (old).
cire, wax.
ire, wrath.
Hegire, Hegira.
mire, aim.
ombre, shadow.
tenebres (pi.), darkness.
ocre, ochre.
encre, ink.
filandres, gossamer.
poudre, powder.
offre, rjfer.
satire, satire.
spire, spire (old),
th-fijjerk of the loing.
tirelire, money-box.'^
aUIDE TO FRENCH GENDERS.
13
hy.
re,
na-
Lch
as
re
J.
(8) ore:
amphore, amphora.
metaphore, metaphor.
(9) pre : No exception.
(10) tre:
chartre, charter.
dartre, ringworm.
dextre, right hand.
epitre, epistle.
fenetre, window.
guetre, gaiter.
lettre, letter.
mitre, mitre.
(11) vre :
fi^vre, fever.
aurore, aurora.
montre, watch.
orchestre, orchestra.
outre, leather bag.
poutre, beam.
patenotre, paternoster.
piastre, dollar.
rencontre, meeting.
vitre, pane of glass.
levre, Up.
Note 16. (oire) Masculine, except
bouilloire, kettle.
couloire, colander.
ecumoire, skimmer.
lardoire, larding pin.
passoire, strainer.
patissoire,j9as^m^ board.
rotissoire, roaster. J
arm oire, press.
baignoire, bathing tub.
bassinoire, warming pan.
decrottoire, shoe brush.
2 ^
I— ' Q
ecritoire, writing stand.
foire, fair.
glissoire, slide.
gloire, glory.
histoire, history.
machoire, jaw.
mangeoire, manger.
memoire, memory.
balan^oire, ) swing
brandilloire,
bianloire.
!
or
seesaw.
noire, crochet in music.
nageoire, fin.
radoire, strike (measure').
victoire, victory.
polissoire, shining brush.
ratissoire, rake for the road
clifoire, squirt.
doloire, adze.
6chappatoire, subterfuge.
Note 17. (aire) Masculine, except
glaire, white of an egg.
haire, sackcloth^ hair shirt
judicaire, sagacity^ jud.g-
ment.
f T tmmaire, grammar. paire, pair.
Note 13. (ste) All Masculine, except
haste, dart. piste, track.
caste, cast. peste, pest.
amethyste, amethyst. veste, waistcoat.
batiste, cambric. * siesta, siesta.
Uste, list.
aire, area.
affaire, business.
cbaire, pulpit.
ciroulaire, circular.
14
GUIDE TO FRENCH OENDEES.
Note 19. (gue) Those in ue preceded by any letter but^
are given in the Feminine terminations, Note 15. In gue
all Masculine, except
bague, ring.
blague, humbug^ tobacco-
pouch.
clraguc, dredge, grains.
8chla£;ue, flogging.
vague, wave.
meringue, sort of pastry.
bordigue, crawl (^f or fish).
digue, duke.
fatigue, fatigue.
intrigue, intrigue.
iug;uii,fvgue.
contrefugue, counter/ugue.
drogue, drug.
eclogue, eclogue.
pirogue, canoe,
vogue, fashion.
synagogue, synagogue.
dipthongue, diphthong.
tripthongue, tripthong.
figue, fig.
Note (20). All Masculine, except
bave,/oam, slaver. enclave, boundary.
cave, cellar. octave, octave.
epaves, waifs, strayed animals. rave, a radish.
QXiix&veB, fetters.
FEMINININE NOUNS ENDING IN CONSONANTS.
EXCEPTIONS TO GENERAL RULE.
babel, a babel, confusion.
chair, flesh.
chaux, lime.
cour, a court.
clef, a key.
cuiller, a spoon.
dent and compound, a tooth.
dot, a marriage portion.
faim, hunger.
soif, thirst.
fois, a time.
hart, a halter.
mer, the sea.
moeurs, manners.
nuit, night.
(minuit is masculine.)
nef, the nave of a church.
part, apart.
quotepart, quota, portion .
plupart, most part.
toux, a cough.
croix, a cross.
noix, a nut.
poix, pitch.
voix, the voice.
main, the hand.
All other nouns ending in a consonant (not included in the
above list, nor noticed in Notes 13 Masculine, or Notes 17
and 18 Feminine) are Masculine.
TECHNICAL TERMS.
EXCEPTIONS TO FOREGOING TERMINATIONS.
Aqua tinta — an engraving, imitating water colour.
Accouple — leash for dogs.
Adipocire — a mixture of wax and grease.
Argyraspides — a regiment of Alexanders.
GUIDE TO FRENCH GENDERS.
16
9
le.
'.)
n.
the
17
Baliste— machine to throw projectiles.
Bechamel — a sort of sauce.
Bireme, ) 2 rows of oars.
Trireme, V galleys, 3 '' "
Quinquereme, j 5 " " , . . x
Cassave— flour and bread made from the tapioca root.
Claire— burnt bones, &c., used in refining metals or sugar.
C hasuble — chasubl e .
Chiourme— all the convicts in a " bagne."
Eneide — the poem of the ^neid.
Gregues— old fashioned word for breeches. , . , i
Heberge— a wall common to two buildings of unequal heights.
Hecatombe— sacrifice of a hundred animals among the ancients.
Land wehr— auxiliaries for troops of the line in Prussia.
Oasis— a fertile place in the midst of a desert.
Parasange — a Persian measure of distance.
Quatrieme, ^
Cinquieme,
Sixi^me, j- terms of the game of piquet.
Septieme, |
Huitieme, J r .-
Saintebarbe— old term for the gunroom of a ship.
Sonna— a sacred book among the Mahommedans.
Soupraveste — vest to be worn over armour.
Soustylaire — substylar line of a dial.
Vimaire— damage caused to forests by storms.
SCIENTIFIC TERMS.
FOREGOING TERMINATIONS.
EXCEPTIONS
Abside Arch.
Albugo -Med.
Alg^bre Math.
Anaphore lihet.
Amygdaloide Min.
Araohnoide Med.
Architrave Arch.
Assafoetida Chem.
Balandre Nay.
Baliste -Ich.
Balandre Nav.
Berne Port.
Bugle Bot.
Cataire J^ot.
CarUngue Nav.
Cicutaire ;P°t'
Choroide -Med.
Chame Conch.
Cin6rnire Bot.
Coriandre Bot.
Concho'ide G^m.
Cyiubalaire Bot.
Dentaire Bot.
Dentataire Bot.
Pentelaire Bot.
TO
E16phantiosis Med.
Enallage Gram.
Epicycloide Geom.
fitrave -Nav.
Feces Chem.
Fritillaire Bot.
Fuste Nav.
Gangue Mm.
Globulaire Bot.
Glume Bot.
Gourme iY^r
Hemorroide Med.
Hieble ■Bot.
Hypalluge Gram
Oronge Bot.
Paragoge Gram.
Parietaire Bot.
P6toncle Conch.
P6diculaire Bot.
Pl^ore Anat.
Plodogre Med.
Propolis Zoo.
Salandre Vet.
Salicaire Bot.
Saponaire r^ot.
Sanicle got.
Scorpioide ^ot.
.x^yaxx.^. ^^^^.--- Scolopendre Ent.
Igname Bot. i Scrof ulaire Bot
imperatoire Bot
Ixia Bot.
Jusquiame ■ ^ot.
L^pre Med.
Linaire -oot.
Litharge Mm.
Malandres (pi.)- • • Vet.
Meninges (pi.)- • • -Anat.
Nummulaire Bot.
Orobe Bot
Seime Vet.
Staphisaigre J50t.
Sousbarbe -Vet.
Surpeau -Med.
Trajectoire Geom.
Ulinaire Med.
Tlrt.icaire Med.
Variee Med.
Vertebres Anat.
ZMoaire Bot.
\
16
GUIDE TO FRENCH GENDERS.
RULES FOR CLASSIFICATION OF FEMININE NOUNS.
- 1, D(5esse, goddess ; femme, ivoman ; all animals of the
female kind, lionnc, lioness ; and all those objects to which
we fancifully attribute feminhie qualities, as lune, moon, &c.
^. The names of virtues, as modestie, modesty, &c.
EXCEPTIONS.
courage, courage. merite, merit.
3, The names of vices, as jalousie, ^eaZowsy, &c.
4, The names of holy days, as Toussaint, All-saints day ;
PSque, the Passover, &c.
EXCEPTIONS.
Pilque or Paques, Easter, is Masculine.
Noel, Christmas, is Masculine.
Qiiatre-temps, Emher days, is Masculine.
5, The names of the four parts of the world, as Europe,
Europe ; Amerique, America, &c.
6i The names of animals, birds, fish, shell fish, reptiles,
and insects, in which the male is not distinguished from the
female, and that end with e mute, are Feminine, as panthere,
panther; colombe, dove; truite, trout; huitre, oyster;
vipere, viper ; mouche,^^/, &c.
EXCEPTIONS.
rule, rail.
insecte,. insect.
ane, ass.
aigle, eagle.
aiitruclie, ostrich.
bievre, beaver.
bufflc, buffalo.
capricornc, capricorn.
crabe, crab.
cygne, sivan.
dromadaire, dromedary.
lievre, hare.
hochequeue. ivagtail.
singe, monkey.
loche, loach.
renne, reindeer.
merle, blackbird.
rouge-gorge, red breast.
rouge-queue, red start.
reptile, reptile.
phoque, seal.
sciuque, skink.
7, The names of empires, kingdoms, countries, and rivers
that end in e mute, are JFeminine, as Russe, Russia ; France,
France ; la Seine, the Seine; la Tamise, the Thames.
ti
GUIDE TO FRENCH GENDERS.
17
A
At
EXCEPTIONS.
Bengalo, Bengal. Le Danube, the Danube.
Mexique, Mexico. Permossc, Permessus.
P61opon6se, Peloponnesus. Le Oocytes, the Cocytus.
Le Cairo, Cairo. VEnphniia, the Eu2)hrates.
Le Rhone, the Rhone.
8. Names of fruits are Feminine, but the trees they grow
on are Masculine.
EXCEPTIONS.
abricot, apricot.
bluet, blueberry.
brugnon, nectarine
marron, chesnut.
calville,
capendre,
francatu,
rambour,
cbasselas,
raisin,
(liferent sorts
of apples.
citron, lemon.
cantaloup, melon.
capron, kind of strawberry.
pavie, kind of peach.
besi, "»
beurre.
different
cioutal.
sorts of grapes
bon-chretien, I sorts of
caillot-rosat, pears.
Franc -real,
bigarreau, sort of cherry.
EXTRACT, INTRODUCING FEMININE TERMINATIONS.
La France.
(3) (1) (6).
Selon mon id4e la France est la plus belle partie de la
(11) . (7) (7)
terre. Anciennement Paris ^tait une ville sans rivale, tant
(14) (17) (13)
pour la heaute de sa situation, que pour les toilettes des Pa-
(7) (13) .
risiennes. Paris ^tait Vidole et la favorite de toutes ces
(12) (8) (17) , , .
flaneuses, qui sans rime ni raison, ne cherchaient qu a passer
(11) (2) , (G).
les heures en faisant des promenades avec leurs amies. Mais
(5)
^ present ! Quelle tdche penible de refl^chir
(11) (10) (9)
sur ces martyres, ces meres desol^es pour lesqueJles personne
(14) (7)
n'a de pitie : sur ces ^dises que les fideles ont vu saccag^es
^ ^ (4) (10) (7)
et pill^es de leurs riches 4toffes par des troupes d'incr^dules
(15) ^(18)
qui se rejouissaient a la viie de la douleur proionde de leurs
captives.
Every Feminine termination is here introduced,
18
GUIDE TO FRENCH GENDERS.
FEMININE TERMINATIONS.
MASCULINE EXCEPTIONS.
Note 1. (ce) All Feminine but those in ice (Note 7 Mas-
culine) and the ^llowing.
capuco, hood, cowl. negoce, trade.
commerce, commerce. pouce, thumb.
divorce, divorce. ranee, must (from damp).
espace, space. sacerdoce, priesthood.
florence, sarsenet. silence, silence.
Note 2. (de) All Feminine but those in ide (Note 8 Mas-
culine) and the following.
bipcde, biped.
remcde, remedy.
intermMe, interlude.
coiide, elbow.
prelude, prelude.
monde, world.
mappemonde, map of the
world.
miiltiplicande, multiptlicand.
dividende, dividend.
code, code.
episode, episode.
exode, exodus.
peri ode, period.
synode, synod.
grade, rank, grade.
Note 3. (^e) All Feminine, except
athenee, atheneum.
camee, cameo
caducee, caduceus (^Apollo's
wand).
colisee, coliseum.
felysee, elysium.
cmpyree, empyrean.
hyraenee, marriage.
lycee, lyceum.
Machabee, book of Machabees.
mausolee, mausoleum.
miscellanees (pi.) miscellany
musee, museum.
Odysee, the Odyssey.
trophee, trophy.
Note 4. (fe) All Feminine, except
golfe, gulf. greffe, graft.
parafe, initials and flourish.
Note 5. (he) Ail Feminine, except
baudruche, aold heater's skin. fdiicYie, fetish,
^ledouche, pedestal. pastiche, medley.
pr^che, sermon.
naiarrha a ci>Jd.
proches (pL), relations.
reproche^ reproach.
iabyrinthe, labyrinth.
aiTIDE TO FRENCH GENDERS.
19
Note G. (ie) All Feminine, except
es.
ny
gonie, fffinius.
parO:pliii(^, umhrnlla.
incendie, conjlagrathn.
foic, liver.
Note 7. (ale, i^le, ole, ule, lie) All Feminine, except
Exceptions in ale :
chule, shaivl.
dodalc!, maze,
liulc, sun-hum.
Exceptions in ^le :
module, model.
parallele, parallel.
Exceptions in ole :
capitolo, capifol.
controle, register.
.monopole, monopoly.
mole, dyke.
Exceptions in ule :
capitule, small chapter.
crepuscule, tarlight.
globule, globule.
indiciile, small index.
manipule, maniple.
monticule, small mountain.
opuscule, small work.
Exceptions in lie :
codicil] e, codicil.
libelle, libel.
mille, a thousand.
quadrille, quadrille.
tulle, silk net.
trille, trill.
ovale, oval.
scandal e, scandal.
zoic, zeal.
petrole, petroleum.
protocohe, protocol.
role, scroll, list, part in a play
symbole, symbol, creed.
pilule, pill.
preambule, preamble.
ridicule, ridicule.
scrupule, scruple.
vehicule, vehicle,
versicule, small verse.
vestibule, vestibule.
vaudeville, vundeville.
vermicelle, vermicelli,
violoncelle, violincello,
millefeuille, milfoil.
chevrefeuillc, honeysuckle.
Note 8. (ime) All Feminine, except
centime, a centime.
crime, crime.
regime, regimen.
20
GUIDE TO FRENCH GENDERB.
Note 9. (ne) All Feminine, except
jednc J fastinc/.
morne, small mountain.
fiigiK!, sit/n, mark.
insigne, badge.
cone, cone.
crAne, skull.
filigrane, filigree.
munes (pl.)j fnanes.
organo, organ, medium.
bagne, prison convicts.
domainc, domain.
Mainv, province of France.
p6ne, bolt (of a lock).
phenomcne, phenomena.
r^gne, reign.
puigne, comb.
Note 10. (pe) All Feminine, except •
participe, />fl'r<^■c^■/>/c. kaleidoscope, kaleidoscope.
principe, beginning. microscope, microsco2>e.
horoscope, horoscope. telescope, telescope.
Note 11. (^re) All Feminine, except
prone, announcements before
the sermon.
trCne, throne.
trombone, trombone.
patrimoine, patrimony.
adults-re, adultery,
baptifiti^re, baptistry.
caracteve, character.
calorifere, hot-air stove.
clmeti6re, cemetery
crat6re, crater.
derriere, hind part.
dcbarcadere, landing place.
embarcadiire, wharf.
sphere, sphere.-
hemisphere, hemisphere.
monast^re, monastery.
ministere, ministry.
presbytfere, presbytery.
reverberc, reflector.
st6re, measure of length and
its compounds.
Note 12. (rre, ure, yre).
Masculines, Note 14. In
except — In rre :
cimeterre, scimitar.
fcurre, straw for seats of
chairs,
beurre, butter.
leurre, decay.
lierre, ivy.
In 'fire :
:Tig'i e, omen, augury.
In yre : No exceptions.
For other terminations in re see
rre. ure, yre, all are Feminine,
parterre, flower garden.
verre, qhins
ton nci i^^ c , ihunder.
paratonnerre, lightning con-
ductor,
tintamarre, uproar, clatter.
murmure, murmur.
GUIDE TO FRENCH GENDERS.
21
I
• >
lee
le.
771-
Note 13. (so) All Fcmioine, except
narcisHt!, daffodil.
\
uneasiness.
caroHHc, coach.
coloHsc, colossus. nmlaiso,
confcHSo, confession. musaiso, j
diocese, diocese.
Note 14. (te) All Feminine, except
sqiielctte, skeleton,
tuniulte, tumult.
antidote, antidote.
automate, automaton.
ponates (pi.), pc nates.
acte, act.
pacte, }mct.
6pactc, epact.
dialectc, dialect.
insecte, instct.
glte, abode ^ quarters.
merite, merit.
demerito, demerit.
rite, rite.
site, site.
faite, summit.
Note 15. (t^ and tid). All Feminine, except.
vote, vote.
conte, story.
cuite, worship.
myrte, myrtle.
parachute, parachute.
precepte, precept.
texte, text.
pretexte, pretext,
doute, doubt.
aparte, an aside.
arrete, decree.
comite, committee.
comte, county.
cote, side.
fatuite, self-conceit.
jete, step dancing.
pate, pie.
sante, sort of ragout.
traite, treaty.
veloute, velvet lace.
ecarte, game at cards.
Note 16. (ne) For those in gue see Note 18 Masculine.
In ue all Feminine, except
masque, mask.
manque, loant.
catafalque, catafalque.
risque, risk.
disque, disk^ quoit.
obelisque, obelisk.
cirque, circus.
bezique, game at cards.
cantique, canticle.
Ecclesiastique, Ecclesiasticus.
Levitique, Leviticus.
moustiquc, musquito.
portiqiie, portico.
specifique, specific.
topiquc, topic.
viatique, viaticum.
colloque, dialogue. i
socque, clog.
Boliloque, soliloquy.
panegyrique, panegyric.
Note 17. (ve) All Feminine, but
censive, quit'Tent.
fleuve, river.
glaive, sword.
reve, dream.
pediluve, foot-bath.
22
GUIDE TO FRENCH GENDERS.
Note 18. (ion and aison) For names in on see Note 13
Masculine terminations. In ion and aison all Feminine,
except
bastion, bastion.
camion, minikin pin.
croupion, rump.
cscoffion, ivoman^s cap (old).
lampion, illumination^ lamp.
manichordi<;n, dumb spinet.
pion, paion I at chess).
million, million.
billion, billion.
trillion, trillion.
brimborions, baubles.
talion, retaliation.
morion, morion.
Note 19. (eur) xill Feminine except
choeur, chorus,
ca3ur, heart.
exterieur, exterior.
heur, luck.
bonheur, happiness.
malheur, misfortune.
interieiir, interior.
honneur, honour.
(leslionnenr, dishonour.
pleurs (pi.), tears.
cquateur, equator.
Masculines in e mute not included in preceding termina
tions.
branle, motion ; sort of dance.
chambranle, door-case^ win-
doio case.
camphre, camphor.
genre, gender.
coke, coke.
luxe, luxury.
paradoxe, paradox.
sexe, sex.
TECHNICAL TERMS.
Adminicule — presumptive proof.
Abattures — track of a stag.
(Ambe — Combination of two figures in a lottery.
Terne — " " three " "
Quaterne— " " four " «
Quine— " " five " "
Btifre — vulgar term for a plentiful meal.
Belvedere — small pavillion or terrace, built on the top of a
house or other elevation, from which there is an extensive view.
Bontfi-hors — came at cards.
Brumaire — name of a month under the French republic.
Bucentaur — vessel of the Doge of VenJco.
GUIDE TO FRENCH GENDERS.
23
13
le.
la
: a
iVV.
{
Caique — sort of boat used at Constantinople and in the ArcJU-
ipelago.
Cache-cache — hide and seek.
Cligne-musette — " "
Ceme — circle round the mooUj on the sand, &c., &c.
Codille — codille, of the game of ombre.
Cothurne — buskin worn by the ancients in playing tragedy.
Couvre — a hunting term.
Cromorne — Krumhorn stop on the organ.
Cyathe — a Greek goblet.
Cyzicene — hall looking to the north among the Greeks.
Daube — way of cooking certain aliments.
Diptyques — A register made of leaves of ivory folding over
one another, used by the Ancients and, in the Middle Ages, in
churches.
Epitoge Cap formerly worn by certain officers of the French
law court at grand ceremonies.
Gymnase — gymnasium.
Gynecee — women's room among the Greeks.
U;^re — a game at cards.
In-dix-huit— term of printing.
In-douze — " "
In-seize — u a
Jule — a Eoman coin.
Kiosque — an Eastern pavilion.
Laticlave — a tunic of a peculiar jtyle.
Leude— in the Feudal times, a term for the great vassals who
voluntarily followed their king to war.
Magistere — grand-mastership of the order of Malta.
Medianoche — meat supper after midnight.
Medimme — a Greek measure answering to four of our bushels.
Moly A plant of which Homer speaks.
Monocorde — a monochord.
Municipe — title given to the cities of Latium and Italy plac-
ing their citizens on an etiuality with those of Rome.
Muscule — machine of war among the Ancients,
Nivose— fourth month of the republican calendar.
Pagnc — cotton drawers worn hy negroes.
Palestre — Palestra.
Pancrace — an exercise of gymnastics among the Ancients.
Parere — sentiments of merchants concerning commerce.
Pentacorde— Pentachord, a lyre with iive strings.
p^cule — money saved by slaves or others.
Pentathle — term of the ancient athletes.
l>o«+Qff>nnin> fivp hooks of MoSCS.
p^tase — round narrow-brimmed hat.
Pegase— winged liorse ridden by the Muses and Perseus.
24
GUIDE TO FRENCH GENDERS.
Phylactere — phylactory (among the Jews).
Plebiseite — plebiscitum.
Pluviose — fifth month of the republican calendar.
Pa3cilc — term for a gallery or portico in Athens,
Prolegom6nes — an extended preface. ♦
Prone — announcements made in a cathedral or church before
the sermon.
Psalterion — psaltery.
Quadrige — two-wheeled car drawn by four horses abreast, used
at the Olympic and other games in Greece and Italy.
Quinconce — way of planting.
Quinquenove — game played with two dice.
Quinquerce — a Roman combat.
Rape — fresh grapes put into a vessel of spoiled wine to im-
prove it.
Romaine — a steelyard. *
Rostres — rostrum.
Schene — a measure of land among the Egyptians.
Septantes — 70 Greek translators of Old Testament.
Sesterce — a Roman coin.
8evices — law term : ill treatment of a near relation,
Sextule — chemist's weight of four scruples.
Sgrafiite — a sort of designing on a wall.
Sille — a satirical poem among the Greeks.
Sirvente — sort of poem in use among the Troubadours.
Spadille — spadille at cards.
Spheristere — place for the different exercises with balls.
Steppe — Russian plain.
Strigile — instrument used by the ancients in the bath.
Stigmate, stigmata — marks of our Saviour's wounds.
Taurobole — sacrifice of a bull to Cybele.
Tetracorde — an instrument with four cords.
Tetradrachm — a piece of Greek money.
Tetrastyle — temple with four columns.
Thermes — Thermas, Roman baths.
Thyrse — Thyrsus carried by the Bacchantes.
Tonarion — flute with which the tone to speak was given to
orators in ancient times.
Torse — statue with the limbs broken off.
Tricyle — a three-wheeled carriage.
Triregne — name sometimes given to the Pope's triple crown.
Turbe — term ef law among the ancients.
Ukase — decree of the Russian emperors.
Varangue — lioor timber of a ship,
Velocifcre—a light and vapid carriage.
Ventose — sixth month of the republican calendar.
Vericles — imitation jewels, paste.
GUIDE TO FRENCH GENDERS.
25
MASCULINE SCIENTIFIC TERMS.
EXCEPTIONS TO FEMININE TERMINATI0N8.
re
ed
Q-
to
1.
Acrot^re Arch.
Adrolithe Ast.
Acrosticho Poet.
Animalcule Zoo.
Anacorde Bot.
Antipode Geog.
Axe Ast.
Abaque Arch.
Alandine Bot.
Alvdole Zoo.
Alerion Tel.
Aph^lie Ast.
Alaterne Bot.
Apogee Ast.
Arcane Chem.
(Med.
Astragale I Bot.
( Arch.
Acetate Chem.
Aromate Bot.
Asphodele Bot.
Azote Chem.
Bdcarre Mus.
Ballottade Vet.
B6jaune Ich.
B^zole Ich.
BiPMe \f-^^'-
Bissexte Ast.
Bosphore Geog.
Boute-hors. . . .i . . .Nav.
Bubonocele Med.
Bupreste Ent.
Cambuse Nav.
Capricorue Ast.
Carbonate Chem.
Corbone Chem.
Carbure Chem.
Centaure Ast.
Cepe Bot.
Ceph^o Ast.
Coraste Zoo.
Chicndont Bot.
Charybde Geog.
Chalidoine Bot.
Chlorate Chem.
Chlorure Chem.
Chromate Chem.
Cippe Arch.
C'iroene Med.
Citrate Chem.
Clystdre Med.
Condyle Anat.
Cotyle Anat.
CyiHJCephaic Zoo.
Cytise Bot
Colure Geog.
Colohiqus Bot.
Cautdre Med.
Corpuscule Med.
Cube Geom.
Dactyle Poet.
D^cagone Geom.
Diab^te Med.
Diachylon Med.
Diatragacanthe .. .Med.
Bichor^e Poet.
Di^se Mus.
Diptdre Ent.
Distique Poet.
Dod^cagone Geom.
Drupe Bot.
Dythyrambe Poet.
Diacode Med.
Em6tiquo Med.
End^cagone Geom.
Enn^angone Geom.
Epicrane Med.
Epicycle Ast.
Equinoxe Ast.
Er^sipele Med.
Exorde Elo.
FoUicule Bot.
Fonticule Med.
Gabion Fort.
Gade Ich.
Gallon Nav.
Golfe Geog.
Gypse Geol.
H^lianthe Bot.
Heliotrope Bot.
Helioscope Ast.
H^miptere Ent.
Hemisticho Poet.
Heptachorde Mus.
Horoscope Astrol.
Ilypoglosse Anat.
Hypogde Arch.
Hyoide Anat.
Hydrure Chem.
Hydro-Sulphate. .Chem.
Hydrate Chem.
Hydrochlorate . . • Chem.
Hydrogene Chem.
Hydrosulphure.. .Chem.
Hemisphere Geog.
lambe Poet.
Ichthyolithe Geol.
Ictcre Med.
lies Anat.
Infusoire Zoo.
Interligne Mus.
Interlope Nav.
lode Med.
lule Zoo.
Jade Min.
Jaspe .Min.
Jule Zoo.
K^ratophyte Zoo.
Kyste Med.
Lampyre Ent.
Lagopede Min.
Large Nav.
Lepidopt^re Ent.
Litophyte Zoo.
Lobule Bot.
Lycanthrope Med.
Lycopode Bot.
Macaque Zoo.
Macfocephale Anat.
Manganese Min.
Mastic atoire Med.
Mmm Bot.
Mellif6res Zoo.
M6nisque Opt.
Menstrue Chem.
Mesentere Anat.
Metacarpe Anat.
Metatarse Anat.
Module Arch.
Mole Med.
MoUusque Zoo.
Molybd^ne Chem .
Monocorde Mus.
Muriate Chem.
Multiplicande.. . . Anth.
Myriapode Zoo.
Narcotic'^e Med.
N^phretique Med.
Nitrate Chem.
Naphte Min.
Oolithe Min.
Opercule Teh.
Opes Arch.
Ophite Min.
Orle Arch.
Ornithogale Bot.
Osteolithe Zoo.
Oxyde Chem.
Oxig^ne Chem.
PalmipMe .Zoo.
Pancrace Ant.
Paradoxe Rhet.
Paralieiipipede. -Geom.
Pedicule Bot.
Pedimane Zoa
Pddoncule Bot.
P6nombre Ast.
Pentacorde Mus.
P^riantho.. Bot.
Peribole Arch.
P^ricarde Anat.
Pericarpe Bot.
P^ricr&ne Anat.
26
GUIDE TO FRENCH GENDERS.
P^rig^e Ast.
P6rih61ie Ast.
P^rinde Anat.
P^riple Geog.
P^ript^rc Arch.
Peristyle Aroh.
P^ritovnc Anat.
P6roKoe A-^t.
Peroxydo Chem.
Perpendiculc • • ■ Geom.
Pcssairo Mod.
P6tale P'Ot.
Pr>tiole Bot.
Phosphate Chera.
Phyllithe Gteog.
Pissaphalte Geog.
Planisphere Ast.
Plennorecte loh.
Polygene Geog.
T. 1 S Med.
Polypode Bot.
Porphyre Min.
Portiquc Arch.
Poulpa Zoo.
Preambule Rhct.
Precipite Chera.
Prelude Mus.
Propylees Arch.
Prostyle Arch.
Protoxyde Chem.
Prnssiate Chem.
Prime Bot.
Anat.— Anatomy.
Arch.— Architecture.
A s tr ol .—A s trol ogy .
Ast. — Astronomy.
Bot. — Botany.
Chem.— Chemistry.
Conch.— Conchology
Ent.— Entomology.
Pylore Anat.
Pylone Arch.
Pyr^thre Bot.
Qnndrilat^re Geom.
tinind(^cagone . . .Geom.
Qninque Mus.
Ouinconce Bot.
R(^gnle Chem.
Rep6ro Mech.
Rhomboide Geom.
Sarcoc(Me Med.
Sarcome Med.
Satyrion Bot.
Schiste Min.
Sil^ne Ent.
Silure Teh.
Soffite Arch.
SolipMe Zoo.
Solstice Ast.
Sorite Log.
Sphere Geog.
Spondee Poet.
Spondyle Anat.
Squale Ich.
Squiree Anat.
St^reobate Arch.
Stethoscope Med.
Stipe Bot.
Stylobate Arch.
Sulfate Chem.
Sulfite Chem.
Synal^phe Gram.
Systyle Arch.
Tarse Anat.
Tart'-ate Chem.
Teorbe Mus.
Trapeze Geom.
Trope Rhet.
Tubercule Med.
Tropique Geog.
Toxique Med.
Tithymale Bot.
Titubation Ast.
Troch<^e Poet.
Tripoxyde Chem.
Tribaque Poet.
Trilatere Geom.
Trapezoide . . . • j ^|^^^
T6r6binthe Bot.
Tentaeule Ent.
Trochisque Med.
Troone Bot.
Ulcere.. Med.
Uranoscope Ich.
Urate Chem.
Uretere Med.
Ventricule Med.
Vortieille Bot.
Viscere Anat.
Z^olithe Zoo.
Zodiaque Ast.
Zoolithe Zoo.
Zoophyte Zoo.
LIST OF
ABBREVIATI
ONS:
Fort.-
-Fortification.
Med.— Jftedicine.
Geog.
—Geography.
Min.— Mineralogy.
Geol.-
-Geology.
Mus.— Music.
Geom
.—Geometry.
Poet.— Poetrj'.
Gram
.—Grammar.
Pharm.— Pharmacy
Her.-
-Heraldry.
Rhet.— Rhetoric.
Icli.-
Ichthyology.
Ve t.— Ve tcrin ary .
Nav.-
-Navy.
Zoo.— Zoology.
LIST OF WORDS MASCULINE IN ONE SIGNIFICATION
AND FEMININE IN ANOTHER.
un aide, an assistant,
une aide, help.
un aigle, an eaglo.
unc aiglc, a standard.
malaise, m. comfort,
aise, f. comfort, ease.
un aune, an alder tree,
une aune, an ell measure.
un barbe, a Barbary horse,
une barbe, a beard.
un barde, a bard.
une barde, a slice of bacon.
un Basque, a Biscayan.
une basque, a skirt.
un berce, a bird,
une berce, a plant.
GtJIDE TO FRENCH GENDERS.
27
:.
I
Bourgogne, Burgundy wine,
la Bourgogne, province of
Burgundy.
un capre, a privateer,
une capre, a caper.
le carpe, the wrist,
une carpo, a carp.
un cartouche, an ornament in
designing,
une cartouche, a cartridge,
furlough.
un coche, a waggon, a passage
boat,
une coche, a notch.
un claque, an opera hat.
une claque, an over-shoe.
p
cistophores, m., medals in
honour of the feast of
Bacchus.
cistophores, f., young girls car-
rying baskets at the feast.
un cloaque, ancient term for
a common sewer,
une cloaque, a stone drain.
un couple, a man and his wife,
une couple, a pair, a brace.
un cravate, a Croatian horse,
une cravate, a cravat.
chreme, consecrated oil,
chrism.
le creme de tarte, a drug,
la creme, cream.
un critique, a critic.
une critique, a criticism.
un enseigne, an ensign (officer)
une (enseigne, a flag, a token.
un exemple, an example,
une exemple, a writing copy,
a pattern.
un espace, space, room,
une espace, a space in
printing.
le faux, falsehood,
une faux, a scythe.
un faune, a faun,
une faune, a fauna.
le fin, the main point,
la fin, the end.
un flasque, cheek of a gun
carriage,
une flasque, flask, powder
horn.
un foret, a gimlet,
une foret, a forest.
un foudre, a wine butt,
un foudre de guerre, a great
warrior,
une foudre, a thunderbolt,
la foudre, thunder.
un fourbe, a swindler.
la fourbe, knavery, deceit.
un garde, a guardsman,
une garde, a defence.
gens, m. pi., people. .
une gent, a nation.
un greffe, a registry,
une greife, a graft.
les gueules, m.pl., gules (in
heraldry),
la gueule, jaws of a beast.
un guide.
une guide, a rein.
28
GUIDE TO FRENCH GENDERS.
un haute-paye, a soldier with
extra pay.
la haute-paye, the extra pay
of a soldier.
un heliotrope, a sun flower,
une heliotrope, a blood-stone.
un hymne, a hymn of the an-
cients,
une hymne, a Christian hymn.
un interligne, a space between
line,
une ligne, a line.
un litre, a measure for liquids,
une litre, a mourning hanging
in churches.
un livre, a book,
une livre, a pound weight, a?
piece of money.
un manche, a handle,
une manche, a sleeve, a chan-
nel.
un manoeuvre, a bricklayer's
man.
une manoeuvre, a manoeuvre.
un maroufle, a booby, a raga-
muffin.
la maroufle, painter's lining-
paste.
un martyre, a martyrdom,
une martyre, a female martyr.
un memoire, a bell, a memo-
randum,
la memoire, the memory.
un minime, a sort of friar,
une minime, a minim in mi
(old).
un mode, a mood,
la mode, the fanhion.
un mort, a dead man.
la mort, death.
un moufle, a mufflle (chemistry
une moufle, a set of pulleys,
mitten.
un moule, a mould, a pattern
une moule, a muscle (shell-
fish).
un mousse, a ship-boy.
la mousse, froth, mass.
minuit, m., midnight,
nuit, f., night.
un ceuvre, a literary work,
une oeuvre, a work, a deed.
un office, functions, worship,
office,
une office, pantry,
offices (pi.) dependencies of
the kitchen.
ombre, m., n, game at cards,
une ombre, a shadow.
un orgue, an organ,
orgues, plural, is feminine.
orge, f., barley.
orge monde \ peeled barley
orge perle / ' pearl barley.
un page, a page, an attendant,
une page, a page of a book.
un paillasse, a theatrical clown
une paillasse, a mattress.
un palme, a palm (measure of
length),
une palme, branch of palm,
eternal glory.
un nantominrje. a nantomime
player.
une pantomime, a pantomime
GUIDE TO FRENCH GENDERS.
29
un parallele, a comparison,
une paralUlo, a parallel line.
un pendule, a pendulum,
une pendule, a clock.
le periode, the heighth.
une periode, an epoch, a period
personne, m., nobody,
une personne, a person.
un pique, a spade (at cards),
une pique, a spear, a quarrel.
un pivoine, a kind of snipe,
une pivoine, a peony.
un plane, a plane-tree,
une plane, a plane (carpenter's
tool).
le platine, ; !atina.
la platine, screw plate ; a term
common to many trades.
un po51e, a stove, a coffin pall,
une poele, a frying pan.
un polacre, a Polish nobleman
une polacre, a polacca.
le ponte, the punter (at cards)
la ponte, laying of eggs.
un poste, a situation, office.
la poste, the post-office, the
mail.
le pourpre, purple, spotted
fever.
la pourpre, ijsed figuratively
for the oow3r of <iiix{j£,, &c.
and di|>riit^ries of the Ca^-
tholic Church. ' ^
un pretext^ a? pieleiace) ajT;>re-
text. '^' * ^^ '
la pretexte, an ancient Roman
dress.
un pupille, a ward (under a
guardian),
une pupille, a female ward,
the pupil of the eye.
un regale, reed-stop on the
organ,
la regale, the holding a vacant
bishopric.
le relache, relaxation,
une relilche, touching at a sea-
port.
un reclame, a lure (hawking),
une reclame, cue (theatre).
un Rhingrave, a German tale.
une rhingrave, old name for
very wide breeches fas-
tened with ribbons.
un romaine, a steel-yard.
une romaine, a Roman lady.
un satyre, a satyr,
une satyre, a satyr (jn Greek
poetry).
le solde, payment, balance of
an account,
la solde, pay of a soldier.
un somme, a sleep or nap.
une somme, a sum of money,
a load.
un souris, a smile,
une souris, a mouse.
un monosyllabe, a monoy-
syllable.
UH pol yTpylisbe, a polysyllable
une syilabe, a, syllable.
une ;tet^, a head,
un tete-^-t6to, an interview of
two alone.
30 GUIDE TO FRENCH GENDERS
iin triomphe, a triumph. un vase, a vase,
une triomphe, a game at cards, la vase, mud, slime.
k
un trompette, a trumpeter. un vis-^-vi8,a sort of carriage,
une trompette, a trumpet. une vis, a screw.
trouble, m., trouble. un voile, a veil.
une trouble, a hoop net for fish une voile, a sail.
le vague, empty space,
une vague, a wave.
le vepre, the close of evenings
les vepres, f., vespers.
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