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Les diegrammas sulvants lllustrent la mtthode. :a ire, ] 1 2 3 1 2 3 4 6 6 * s 5§ s s s « e « e Si. i = Si. =■ ^ * ^? ? I a. s a > 1^ 3 S 3 I. CI H o i H W O > Si* so o CI H o i o > Si* SO o \< 5^ V ,1^ ^"^'^ ■"-^Vo >.'i TREATY ^ /a BETWEEN HER MAJESTY AND THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA, RELATIVE TO FISHERIES, COMMERCE, AND NAVIGATION. Signed at iVashinglon, June 5, 1854. Presented to both Houncs of Parliament by Command of Her Majesty, 18r)4. LONDON : PRINTED UV IIAURISCJN AND SONS, ■^ TREAIY BETWEEN HER MAJESTY AND THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA, RELATlvn TO FISHERIES, COMMERCE, AND NAVIGATION. Signed at Washington, June S, 1854. [Ratifications e.vchamjed of Washington, Seplenibpr 9, 1854.] A HER Majesty the Queen of Great Britain, being equally desirous with the Government of the United States, to avoid further misunderstanding between their respective subjects and citizens in regard to the extent of the right of , I'oinid hi good and due form. Iiave agreed upon the following Articles; ARTICLE L It is agreed by the High Contracting Parties, that in addition to the liberty secured to the United States' lishcrmen by the al)ovc-mcntloned Convention of October 20, 1818, of taking, curing, and drying fish on certain coasts of the British Nortli American Colonics llierein detincd, the inhabitants of the United States shall have, in common with the subjects of Her Jhitannic Majesty, the liberty to takt; fish of every kind, except shell-fish, on the sea-coasts and shores, and in the bavs, luubours, and creeks of Canudn, New Brunswick, Nov« [240] ■ B Scotia, Princo Edward's Island, and of tlie several islands thereunto adjacent, without beinj? restricttd to any distance iVoiii the sliore ; witii permission to land upon the coasts and shores of those colonics and the islands thci'eof, and also upon the Macfdalon Islands, for the jiurpose of drying their nets and curing their fish : jn'ovided that in so doini; tliey do not interfere with the ri:j;hts of private jiropcrty, or witli 15ritis!i fishermen in the peaceable use of any part of the said coast in their occupancy for the same purpose. It is understood that the al)ove- mentioned iiiicrty apniies solely to the >ea fishery, and that the salmon and shad tisliciics, and all rtsherics in rivers and the mouths of rivers, are liere')y reserved CMclusively for !>ritish fisliermeii. And it is further a^'ccd that in ordei' to prevent or settle any disputes as to the places to which the i'eser\ati<)u of exclusive ri':;ht to British li>hernien contained in this Article, and that of tishermen of the United Slates contained in the next ^ncceedini;- Article, apply, each of the High Contracting Parties, on the applicati(jn of either to the otiier, shall, within six months thercal'tcr, ajipoint a Connnissioner. 'J'he said C'onimissioneis, hei'orc jjroeeeding to any business, shall make and sul)scribe a solemn declaration that they will impartially and carefully examine and decide, to the best of their jud'^ment, and according to justice and equity, without fear, favour, or ati'ecti(Mi to their own countrv, ujion all such places as are intended to be reserved and exchulcd from the conunon liberty of fishing under this and the next succeeding Article : and such declara- tion shall be entered on tlie record of their ])roceedings. The Conunis.-.i()ners shall name some third person to act as an Arbitrator or Umpire in anv case or cases on which they may tliemselves differ in ojiiniou. If they should not be able to agree njjon the name of such third person, they shall each nanu- ;i person, and it shall be determined by lot which of the two pci'sons so nanu'd shall be the Arbitrator or Umpire in cases of diti'erenee or disagreeip.cnt between the CoKuuissioners. The ])erson so to be chosen to be Arbitia.tor or Um])i.-e shall, before })iceteding to act as such In any casi% make and subscribe a solemn decla- ration in a form similar to tliat which shall already have been mad.' and sul)- scr'bed by the Connnissioner-, v.hieh shall be entered on the record of' their ])roccedings. In tlic event of the death, absence, or incapacity of either of the C'onnuissiuucrscn'of the Arbitrator or Umpire, or of their or his omitting, declin- ing, or ceasing to act as y aeh Connuissionci'. Arbitrator, or Umpire, another and ditt'ercnt person shall be appointed or named as aforesaid, to act as such Com- missionei', Arbitrator, or Umpire, in the place aiul stead of the person so originallv appointed or named as aforesiud, ami shall ma'»e and subscribe such dcclaratio;! as aforesaid. Such Coi!\missionir-. shall •..vcceed to examine the coasts of tlie Xortb- Anu'vican )r,'o\inces and i.f tl'.e I'r.ited States embiaccd within tlie provisions of tiu' tiv:-:; r.nd seconho!es of' the United States north of the .''Glh pai'allel if north latitude, and on the shores of the several islands thereunto adjacent, and in the bay~, harbours, and creeks of the s;iid sea-eor.sts and '-hores of the United States and of the said islands, without beinu' rcsti'ictcd 1o any dislance from the -^liorc; with permission to land upon the said coasts of the United States mul ofl'iic islands afore^iaid for the purpose of drying their nets [\<.](\ cui'ing their fish, pro vidid that in so doing they do not interfere with the ri::hts of private propertv. or wilh the lishermen of the United States in the praeea'de i:se of any part of t'le said cea^^s in their occupancy lor the same purpose. 3 It is u»dci%toocl that the above-mentioned liberty applies solely to the sea fishery, and that salmon and shad fisheries, and all fisheries in rivers and mouths of rivers, arc hereby reserved exclusively for fishermen of the United States. 1 I ARTICLE III. It is agreed that the articles enumerated in the Schedule hereunto annexed, bemg the growth and produce of the aforesaid British colonies, or of the United States, shall be admitted into each country respectively free of duty : Schedule, Grain, fiour, and bread-stuffs of all kinds. Animals of ail kinds. Fresh, smoked, and salted meats. Cotton-woul, seeds, and vegetables. Un(h'io(l fruits ; dried fruits. Fish of all kinds. IVoducts of fish and of all other creatures liviii:' in tlie water. Poultry. %>. " Hides, furs, .skins or tails undressed. Stone or marble in its crude or unwrougiit state. Slate. Butter, cheese, tallow. Lard, horns, manures. Ores of metals of all kinds. Coal. Pitcii, tar, turjientine, ashes. Timber and lumber of all kinds, round, iicwed, and -awed, uumanufac.'turcd in whole or iu part. Fire-wood. Plants, shrubs, and trees, i'eits, wool. Fish-oil. Rice, broom-corn, and hark. Gypsum, ground or uugi'ound. Hewn, or wrouglit or unwrougbt !)urr or cjrindstones. Dye stuffs. Flax, lieiii]), and tov>-, unmanufactured. L'nmaiuii'hcturcd tobacco. Ra-s. ARTICLE l\ . It is agreed tiiat tlR> citizens and inhabitants of the Unitetl States shall have the right to navigate the River St. Lawrence and the canals in Canada used as the means of communicating between the Great Lakes and t!ie Atlantic Ocean, with their vessels, boats, and crafts, as fully and freely as the subjects of He; Lritaimie Majesty, subject only to the same" tolls and other assessnicnts as now are or iii;iy !iriv;ii'cer he exacred of Her .Majesty's said subjects; it bein- under- stood, however, t'lal tlu- Hritish Government retains tlie liijht of suspcndina' this la'ivilcge, on giviii- due notice thereof to the Government of the United States. It is further agreed, that if at any time the British (iovcrnment sliouUI exercise the said reserved right, tlie Government of tlie United States shall have the right of suspending, if it think tit, the operation of Article III of the present Ireaty, in so liu' as the province of Canada is affected thereby, for so long as the suspension of the free navigation of the River St. Lawrence or the canals mav continue. _ It is further agreed, tliat British subjects shall have the right freciv to navigate Lake Michigan with their vessels, boats, and crafts, so long as 'the privilege of navigating tlic River St. Lawrence, secured to Aiyerican citizens by the above clause of the pi-esent Article, shall continue ; and the Government of ihi' United States further engages to urge upon the State Governments to secure lo the subjects of Her Hritannic Mujesty the use of the several State canals on terms ol f(|uality with tiie iniuibitants of the United States. And it is furtlicr agreed, tliat no export duty or otiicr duty shall be levied on lumber or timber of any kind cut on that portion of the American territory in the State of Maine watered by the River St. John and its tributaries and Hoated down tliat river to the sea, when tlic same is shipped to the United States from the province of New Brunswick. ARTICLE V. The present Treaty siiall take effect as soon as tiie laws required to carry it into operation ^-hall have been passed by tlic Imperial Parliament of Great Britain and l)ytlie Provincial Pavliaments of tliose of the British North American Colonies which arc affected by this Treaty on tlie one hand, and by the Congress of the United States on the other. Sucli assent having been given, the Treaty shall remain in I'orce for ten years from the date at which it may come into operation, and further, until the expiration of twelve months after either of the Iligh Contracting Parties shall give notice to the other of its wish to terminate the same ; eacii ol' the High Contracting Parties being at liberty to give such notice to the otiicr at the end of tiie said term of ten years, or at jiny time afterwards. It is clearly understood, however, that this stijiulation is not intended to affect the reservation made by Article IV of the present Treaty with regard to the right of temporarily suspending the operation of Articles III and IV thereof. ARTICLE VI. And it is hereby further agreed, that the provisions and stipulations of the foregoing Articles shall extend to the Island of Newfoundland, so far as they arc applicable to that colony, liut if the Imperial Parliaiiieiit, the Provincial Parlia- ment of Newioundlaiul, or the Congress of the United States, shall not embrace, in their laws ciiiictcd tor carrying this Treaty into eil'ect, the Colony of New- foundliiMil, tlien this Article shall be of no etl'eet ; but the omission To make provision by law to give it effect, by either of the legislative Ijodit's aforesaid, shall not in isny wav iin])air tin- remaining Articles of this Treaty. ARTICLi; \ll. ihe prociit Treaty sliall be duly latified, and the mutual exchange of ratifications .siiall take \)\:ira in Washington, witliin six months from the date hereof, or earlier if jiossible. In faith v.hereof, \vc, the respective I'lenipotcntiaries, have .signed this Treaty, and lunc hereunto alHxed our seals. Done, in triphcate, at Washington, the fifth day of June, Anno Domini one thousand eight hundred and tifty-four. ELGIN AND KINCARDINE. (L.S.) \V. L. MARCY. (L.S.)