#. *> IMAGE EVALUATION TEST TARGET (MT-3) A A //A {./ .V- i> ,. -mv^ :/ 5r «:/^ V] <^ /; ^ e%

ossible, these have been omitted from filming/ II se peut que certaines pages blanches ajoutdes lors d'une restauration apparaissent dans le texte, mais, lorsque cela dtait possible, ces pages n'ont pas 6t6 filmdes. L'Institut a microfilmd le meilleur exemplaire qu'il lui a 6t6 possible de se procurer. Les details de cet exemplaire qui sont peut-dtre uniques du point de vue bibliographique, qui peuvent modifier une image reproduite, ou qui peuvent exiger une modification dans la mdthode normale de filmage sont indiquds ci-dessous. D D D Q D □ n n Coloured pages/ Pages de couleur Pages damaged/ Pages endommagdes Pages restored and/or laminated/ Pages restaur^es et/ou peliicul6es Pages discoloured, stained or foxed/ Pages ddcolordes, tachetdes ou piqudes Pages detached/ Pages ddtachdes Showthrough/ Transparence Quality of print varies/ Qualitd indgale de I'impression Includes supplementary material/ Comprend du matdriel suppl^mentaire Only edition available/ Seule Edition disponible Pages wholly or partially obscured by errata slips, tissues, etc., have been refilmed to ensure the best possible image/ Les pages totalement ou partieilement obscurcies par un feuillet d'errata, une pelure, etc., ont 6t6 filmdes d nouveau de fagon d obtenir la meilleure image possible. The pOS! of tl film Orit beg the sion oth( first sion or 11 The shal TINI whi( Map difff entii begi righl requ metl 1/ Additional comments:/ Commentaires suppldmentaires: Irregular pagination: [v] - xvii, 27 - [328], 327 - 414. [417] - [567]p. Pages 193 to 196 are missing. This item is filmed at the reduction ratio checked below/ Ce document est filmd au taux de reduction indiqud ci-dessous 10X 14X 18X 22X 26X 30X 7 12X 16X 20X 24X 28X 32X lire details jes du modifier ger une filmage The copy filmed her^t has been reproduced thanks to the generosity of: Saint John Regional Library The images appearing here are the best quality possible considering the condition and legibility of the original copy and in keeping with the filming contract specifications. L'exemplaire film6 fut reproduit grice d la gdn^rositd de: Saint John Regional Library Les images suivantes ont 6t6 reproduites avec le plus grand soin, compte tenu de la condition et de la nettetd de l'exemplaire filmd, et en conformity avec les conditions du contrat de filmage. Original copies in printed paper covers are filmed beginning with the front cover and ending on the last page with a printed or illustrj^ted impres- sion, or the back cover when appropriate. All other original copies are filmed beginning on the first page with a printed or illustrated impres- sion, and ending on the last page with a printed or illustrated impression. des Les exemplaires originaux dont la couverture en papier est imprim6e sont film^s en commen^ant par le premier plat et en terminant soit par la dernidre page qui comporte une empreinte d'impression ou d'illustration, soit par le second plat, selon le cas. Tous les autres exemplaires originaux sont film6s en commenpant par la premidre page qui comporte une empreinte d'impression ou d'illustration et en terminant par la dernidre page qui comporte une telle empreinte. The last recorded frame on each microfiche shall contain the symbol -^(meaning "CON- TINUED "), or the symbol V (meaning "END"), whichever applies. Un des symboles suivants apparaitra sur la dernidre image de cheque microfiche, selon le cas: le symbole -^ signifie "A SUIVRE", le symbole V signifie "FIN". re Maps, plates, charts, etc., may be filmed at different reduction ratios. Those too large to be entirely included in one exposure are filmed beginning in the upper left hand corner, left to right and top to bottom, as many frames as required. The following diagrams illustrate the method: Les cartes, planches, tableaux, etc., peuvent §tre film^s d des taux de reduction diffdrents. Lorsque le document est trop grand pour §tre reproduit en un seul clichd, il est filmd d partir de Tangle supdrieur gauche, de gauche d droite, et de haut en bas, en prenant le nombre d'images ndcessaire. Les diagrammes suivants illustrent la mdthode. < errata d to It le pelure, pon d n 1 2 3 32X 1 2 3 4 5 6 y m ? I' 1^^' V. .'' \H I WORLD'S ATLAS A UXIVKRSAL ASSISTANT AND THEASURE-IIOUSR OF INFOUMATION ON EVERY CONCEIVABLE SUBJECT, FUuil TlIK IIOISEIIOIJ) TO THE MANVFACTOUY. OIVKS INFORMATION ABOUT EVEHYTHINO, IS ABSOLUTELY INDISPENSABLE TO EVERY ONE IN ALL WALKS OP LIFE; IT IS TO BE CONSULTED ON EVERY QUESTION THAT ARISES IN E VERY-DAY LIFE BY OLD AND YOUNG ALIKE. AKD CONTAINS m INFORMATION OP SOLID VALUE AND PRACTICAL UTILITY FOR WORKINGMEN OP ALL TRADES, OCCUPATIONS AND PROFESSIONS, THE STOCK RAISER, THE HOUSEHOLD, AND EVERY FAMILY WHO WANTS TO SAVE MONEY; CONTAINING A REMEDY FOR EVERY ILL, A SOLUTION FOR EVERY DIFFICULTY, AND A METHOD FOR EVERY EMERGENCY. PROFESSOR D. L. WEBSTER. ILLUSTRATED. CX)PYR10HT, 1U8S, BY OGILVIS * GIUUETT CtX PUBLISHED BY w^]V[. oobik: & oo., aii AND 34 Front St., Wbst, TORONTO. ONT. Esssfina ACCIE CALC MINII WON EPARTMENTS ACCIDENTS AND INJURIES. ATUS DEPARTMENT. COOKERY INSTRUCTIONS. BANKING DEPARTMENT. BUSINESS LAWS. BOOK-KEEPING. CALCULATIONS OF ALL KINDS. THE CIVIL WAR HISTORY. HORSE MEDICINES. FAMILY PHYSICIAN. MEATS AND VEGETABLES. MINING DEPARTMENT. POLITICAL HISTORY. TWENTY THOUSAND THINGS WORTH KNOWING. MULTUM IN PARVO. SPECULATIONS. WONDERFUL BUILDINGS, TOWERS AND MONUMENTS AND HUNDREDS OF OTHER TOPICS. .tjemt, ^^SJI \l i h 'J If ivj! f 1' ,IIIIII..Ulll4llliUUIJ.ll.! Jt^^=L, ...igi-Hiani. l.Ml.lM.^iS. ILLUSTRATIONS. .....,......i.i,ii.ntrf Alabama, Map of Abiakii, Mupof An Aiiioriuim FurmBoeos. A I'oiil A HvtiM Sti-cot Arizona, Miipuf , ArkiuiHit^, M;tp<)f AT( HI- l,(K«(t'i)i'thlKh Alius (if tlloSllllc'SDftl ArtluliH. Illlliif Siili'. PAOB .. 806 ... 804 ... e» ... HTM . 8411 ... 300 .. aor> ... 415 tho Amoiicun Colon 272-23 2;J4 Aiictldii Suleiif I'oi'Hoiml I'loperty ^ -.. Iliiltliuoru^Olilo Idiilroad Elevator, trooust Point, Boltliiioce Zffii 4I>U lliiiilt ("ouiitcr 4S Itiiiilt (if lliiulaiid. <3!l'> llaiili III .\H(iu lliiildiiiif, Now, Clilcago 4«1 lUiok-ki'Cpur'ii om<'c, llliiatruti'd HuadlnK of Book-keeping 4r>0 ItrloklHyti-iatWork W Uulliiaiid Hears (if tlie Now VorK Stock Ezabange 54.S Bunker Mill Moimmeiit 415 Biiiiiinirdf fhicaa(>. OetobcrO, 1871 337 llusinu^ U'rliintf. Tl-iSH Caiiilul U'ttois on .Sailo. Sliowina RelnUve ProportJ-JM 35 Cajiiial IiCHip I.(nt(>i->i, Kiglith Principle 3B Capital SltMU, L'aiiilal r,u"p 33 Capital Stem I,(,'il('is Scvi'iilli I'l'lnolple 80 Dincieiit .MovctiKMit.-', Lateral and Holling Combined 33 l''iKin'L'8and ('npicH tor Practice ■ 37 Form and Liioiis (d'Sina 1 liCttcrg 35 Movement Ivxcrcises, <)\al9 33 Ornamental l*eiinian.':usiaiai, Mapof.. jjii LiiiiilK'r Interests, lliiuitrated Heading ;ial I.unilKrMiil dOl liUinlier Vard 184 Maine, Map of 31B .Manilolia, Manof 299 Marsiaiii Fieiil & Company'* Betail Store, OhiMgo Maryland, .Mapof. Ma.' of 318 .Misiioiui, Map of 3IH Montana, Mapof 319 Nebiiiska, Miipof 319 Mowers at Work iJU Nails. Speeiimiisof 187 Nevada, Mail of ;0) New llantiwiure, Mapof 301 New .lei-sev. Map af 3ao New Mexico, Mall of .121 New Vork, .Mnpoi ;)3ij New Voik I'c-tOilice 297 New Yiakst.ei E.vchange in Opanitlcn 553 Nort'i .\iinii>n. Map of ZH .Vortli Caiolina. Mapot 802 Ocean .>teatiii'r 57 Ohio, .Mapof 822 Ontario, Mapof 299 Oictfon, Mapof 321 Palmer House, Chicago 334 PayingTeller 401 Pennsylvania, Mapof 333 Politieal liailv 73 Pyramid of Cheops 415 Pyramid of Ccphren 41.^ Quebce, Map of 800 Iteeovei y and Collection Of Debts, IliustratedHeadlmr 271 llcideneo . ..,." 249 llhtvle Island, Mapof 324 Koad in thuCiaintry 230 itrad Seero ..... 316 Kuinsof ltieCbli3afc4 Vhe , 268 Hun on the Bank 412 Scene in London , SB Selling; Flour liySai^ple 184 Selling Grain by. Jam^.l 483 South AiU':rica, Mupof 294 South Carolina, Mapoi , 303 Spmid Eatrlo and Shie;d 303 Stampede of T .\a.= Cattle 6?6 Stationery Stock 144 Steamship at Sea 266 St. Mark's, Philadelphia 41fl St. Pniii's, London 416 St. Petei-'catilomc , 416 Stnisliii.g Cathedral 416 8urve:,iti!? 181 Tennessee, Map of 300 Texas, Mapof 824 Treasury Buildingat \,'asbington.0.0 70 Trespass 238 Trinity ChuiohN. V- „ 415 Union Depot, Chica»ro& Alton Railroad, Cbloaso, 111 452 Union Stock Yards Exchange Buildin.'' and Bank 628 Union stock Yards OK^uoral "lew. Pull Page 533 Union Stock Yards Gran " Entrance 536 Unit.Ml st.itcs Patents, lllustr.ited Heading 26k United SlatesBuprem Court in Session 32tl Utah,Maiior 83.5 Vormmit, Mapof 301 Virginia, Mapoi 303 Wall Street Broker's Offlce 601 Wall Street Custonicr't, Hoom 563 Wail Street, with Treasury Building, and Trlnttsr Cburch 547 Ward 2M Wiishinirton Homestead, Mount Vernon 25.1 vVashinjrton Territory, Mapof 33« Wastiin^rton Capitol ilh Wi^st Indies, Mapof 297 , West Viiifinia. Map of 803 Wisconsin, Mapof 331! Wreck atSea 2ii0 Wyoming, Map of 33i t I! I [\ .' i 1 1^ I INDEX. iiiEiSiiiiiiiiiiiffiEiiEEliiEiiiiiiEiiEi# A PAiir. Ab()lltli)Ul8tg, AlKjlltlon of Slavery 7a AbdtriH't i>r lldiueAtnnil iiiiil Gxninptlon LttWH S72 AhyBHiiilii, llcmrlptloiiof 2114 Aoclili'iit, Insiinincc.HlinwIiiK Formuf AculdoDtTloket '(It Aecldf'iits iiml Injuries - IlitcHiii ISlinnai f Iiisncts, How toCure lOa llitijh, llarvcdt lliiif, lli)Hrt()<;uro 1(13 Kites, Mini I)i)K, I viwtoCiire 103 llllm, Serpent, IIdw to Cure 103 llleeillnKiit the NiM), TlireoMothoda 1U4 l)ie..liiii{frc)intliuIli)wels,To Htop 104 llliT.lln« f mm tlio Linilfn, To Stop 104 Bleed InK from the Moiitli, To Stop... , 1U4 II eeilinif from the Stomiieli, To Htop 1(H lUoeillntf from Vurleone VelnH, To Htop 1(14 llurnBiiiiilHciilila.Huvuii MotliodgtoCnre 104 Cliuklmf, To r'revent 104 Colic, Cure for 1115 Convulsions, ('uro for Kk'i CrRmp»,Ciiro for li>."i Cuts, euro for KB Deiith, How to DIstlnirulsh .1(15 DWoeiitlon, Temporary, Kollef In Casoa of Id.') Eur, l( .elirii lloillos In the lUfl Eur W:i.v,To Uoraovo Hiirdonoil.. KXl Eve, To Itemovii Foreign llidleslntbo Kill Fiilntliiif , Wlint to do 111 Cases of liw Fits, 105 Plr\), How to lOxtlnuulHliClotlilniron lOll Fractures, Ocnenil Kulea tor 106 Frost-bite, Trent mentor lOfl Poisons, Their Syrnptixns and Antidotes KW Sprains, How 1 1 Cure 110 SiiCToe^ition from Foul Air, Oua or Fire-damp 110 Sunstroke, Treatment for. .. llo Account asil Dealers, OvwdrawUin Tlieir 418 Of Dailv Hales in KetttU llualneaa aS4 orstoek XA Hales, Form of 167 Accumulation, Faeidty of 67 Acre, Table for Measuring an i3& Addition. Methoils (it 104 Admlnistrttlionsoftlio United States Government »[i Advertisements, When First Appeared 155 AlBdavit, Form of Mlnlntf 54a AfKhnnistan, Deserlptlon of 293 Africa-Its Location -Ship Canal-IsthmuB of Bucz-Entent of Africa- Its ("oust -Islands -Intorlor-Elcvatlon— Mountains— Sahara Des- ert - Oases — Heat -Uains — DroutfhtM-E(inatorial Heiflon -The Iliver Nile— The ("onifo—Stnnlev audi, IvInKStono's Rxplia')ition.siu Africa— Wild Animals -Mines -Its People — Ilailroad'*- Animals lor Travel —The Camel — ('ivilization— Forests-Climate— Important Product,s-Ex|)orts—A(jrluulture— Commerce, Etc aitt Agency 226-r7 Aiireement and Assent S£i Air Consumiition of in Activity nnd Repose 473 Extraet.Ml from Water V>r> Of What Ciimpoacd 45ri That Fish Ureathe 455 Vibrations of the 472 Ale, How to Mull afi'i How to Hplce ;186 Allen, Ethan, I-lfe of 437 Algeria, Description of 203 Alpine Snow, How M Make 370 Alpnach, Tlio Hiido of ,. 454 Alps, The— Description of -Number of Mountaina and their Height— The Summit -Timo Uequlrod to Ascend— How Many Guides Ue- nulred and What They are Paid— Remarkable Ascents— The Intense Cold— The Barometer -How It Affects Human Flcings— Perils of As- ccndinit-Tho View from the Top— Care Required— Limit of Vine and Tree Growth 4.'i4 America, When Discovered 1156 Aiaorloan Association 73 Wldgs 73 Anam, The Kingdom of 302 Ancient Roman Aqueducts .456 Ancient Tem|)les and Pyramids, How Built 412 .\nimals. Designation of Grou|>s of 4,38 Animals, Periods of Gestation in and Age Attained by 455 Antarctic Polar Region, The 441 Antilles, The Greater 297 Anti-masonry, Antl-rontiam 73 Apple Charlotte, How to Make 370 Baked, How to Cook 371 Cream, How to Make 370 Cuatard, How to Make 3r0 Fancy, How to Make 870 Fritters, How to Make 370 Tree Wood, Hardness of 454 How to Make Essence of 467 .Snow Balls, How to Make 370 Arabia, Description of 203 PAOF. Araba,Tho 208 Arliit ration, Form of General Submlwlon to 280 .Vward, .Muiual Iteleasoonan 281 lloiiil, Form (.1 180 ■{evocation. Form of 381 .'Xrchitectural Itulus In Tbobnt iA6 Aridiiteeture 108 llond 800 Art. Illundersand AlmurdlUea in 471 .Arctic Kxploriitions. Area of Nortii .America Ark -I 'omi>aratlvo Htu' of the Ark and Great Eaatern. Army of tiie ICev.ilution, The Aspen Leaves. Why .Always In a Quive Kehitivn Whitt'iiessof 440 4X8 447 481 464 Asli. White, Asia Description Id' Its >*i«> Where It Mes-Its Greatest Length Size Compared to the I'liitisl .Htates- Islands, Mountali.s Mt Everest, Highest 111 tile Worlil Caspian Heii--Sea of Aral- Lakes llelnw .Sea U'vel The Largest Lakes- Rivers— Ilimloostan The Obi River Valleys - Pluins Feilillty -TemiKirature Huinfall Cliniiite Si- beria India I'yeloni'S -Hay of llengal Southern Asia -Vegeta- tion Products Plants- ("entriil Asia— Forests Wheat— Tea Hiee -Western .Asia- ('oir«H"-Tobaeeo- Dates-Figs- Olives - Domestic Animals llea.sts of llunlen— Southern Asia Animals Ilirds and Heptih's -Wild Cattle (lold, Hllver and Tin Mines IVti-olenm- PreelnuB Stones Pearls—The lllrthplaco of the Human Raee . 200 Assa.sslnation of Presidents 73 Assaying Gold Ore 642 Assignment 221 Of Demand for Wages or Debt 233 Form of llonil . 224 Association, .New Orleans Cotton, When Formed 6(17 Atlantic Cable, The First 442 Atlas of tlie World 20(1 .\utoeracy. .. 73 A wanl by Arbitrators, Form of 330 A.xle Grease, How to Make Four Kinds of W .Azores, The 204 B Babel, Tower of 466 Babies, Superstitions Regarding 4'.'8 Bahama Islands, The 21(7 Bttiik,Oiganl7jitionof a 397 Discount 173 Frauds, Embezzlement 413 Methods of Defraudliiga 414 Note Paper, Manufacture of 69 Of England 306 Of North America, Prior to 1(U8 896 Of North America. Biuee 1846 397 Run on a 412 Stntement 411 Bank Ciieeks, Showing Forma 44-46 Cortilleate of Deposit 4« Crosseil Checks 45 Banking Facts and Suggeationa, with Forms 395-414 Book-keepers.. 409-410 Cashler.llis Duties 397-308 Cashier's Reference Book, Showing Notation 389 Certillciition, Form of 401 Collection Clerk, His Duties 405 Note Book, Paire from 40« Paper, Prote.it 406-407 Register, Form of 406 Collector, Messenger or Runner 411 Dot<'itiiin of Counterfeits 404 Devices for KestoriiigConfldeuce 413 DItlerent Classes of Customers 40S Discount Hook. Discount Leii\i'i'><, Atfi< Alliiliiil by , 4IW kMlllllK I'lllXCIIH , 4(11 IIi'.i'Iih'ihmI, Ki'lKtlvo llurdnoHor i^« ii'.r ■ 4,V, li'i'^wat, I III w III lli'flii)> 4ill llillH, Till' I.m lli'i'H, At(i> AllillMi'il liy • lliflili' rill' l,mitiv. ^llt Mll'li'i, llir-lnrvi>r thu \ iiriiimiil'tlio WorM. Hill iilSilii', !■■ il'lli 111' Ilil'ill, Whiti', llclulUli llkt'illieiM of Illi'ils. \^i' Am I'll liy Iliiiil- III Mi'l'ily s I Ml wiiii'liTlicy Fly Illiiuiiliii, linw toMako I'rrillll . . Krciuli .. ^lMh^^■.^^^^'.■^^/^■.'.^^v^^■^^^^^^^^^^'.'.' .'.'.'.' .■.■.'.'.■.■.'.■.■.■''.'.■.'.'.■.".'.■.■.■.■; we ■ivii im rtlH<'Ulii'ii'y.', Ani' Allililii"! liy ... 46(1 Hliiiit lii'Mlh I'l'iiJ'ii', 'I'lii' .:■.*** HIiiMi'Miiiitfi', lliiwlo Miiki- 871-384 IIUiiiil, lll^liM') III tliii liiM'ovcry of itsClrutiliitlon 403 (iimiilitv Dl'tnliiiti il liv tha I Iciirt's Athlon 4JMt HI UP Laws, IlliU'-liKlit I'i'ilcmll.st TU lllir l.iiws/l'lii' 449 noiinliif Tiaili', I'liiiiiij 479 AI'iirniii'lMiiiUi't, Ciriinn) 486-487 Ai'liitialiiiiiiinii Appt iil.Ooiuiulttoiiiiiiltl''oln Si«8inii 487 ll'iiiimiH-i CI llati-i , 484 Klaunimiir lliianliit'l'iailp 483 l''"VMi.1 Diiulili) F.nti'y 4.'>1 ( ii'tiiral I'l'iiiuiplcs 4'i4 SiiiKlo Kiitiy 4.''iO Th.i faiih HoDk 451 ThoCaih Itciok Fxnmples 4.j3 The Day Ilruk 4.V) Thu l>av lliiiik, I'ostlnif 4.'i3 The Mi'irlmiiillso Acc'onnt 4.'i;i Tim I'i'ttv Cash Hiiiik 4.')3 Thu I'lopiT .System 450 noot, Itiirli-hc'i'lid 419 Biirili'i' ItiilllaiH "3 BoBtmi Ciouni, Hmv to Make 3i'i5 Brass, l'a-:t,c> for I'lcariinL' 480 To Ueinovo Spots flora 488 Bruzil, I'll! I I> '11 riplivc and Statistical Matter Ilelatlvo to 298 Hreiid, Ilowtii -Mako (ioo'l .. 300 Brown, Iloivto .MiiUeFhoKluujof . 366 Corn, How to .Make 3tlB K'ioillc'iit. Ilowto Mpko 366 Vii ■■ "li, I low t'l Jfaki' 3iJ8 tim.iam. Mow to Make !1«8 rtalia'i, I'.ov.'toMakf im HIl'O 11 lid Whiat, How to Make 366 Sa'to, llow'o Maki' 3fi« St^'aiiii'il, How to Jlake 3tifl nreakfii: tc.il-p'i, I low to Make 366 Brewinn ■■ 2(0 Urioklavor'snndStoneransonsWork 1U)-187 Urioks.: 300 Antkpilty of 4.57 UMil llik'lilayi-r.s 455 Brick Willis, Strcn(?tli of , 470 Bridircs 200 Ari'hed, Huspenslou, Tubular 197 Form of 192 N'i'w \orkaud Brooklyn Suspension 193 'm-^ llrliliti«— Cnntlnuad. VurliMiii 11... ' Ilriliiili ColiiiiililH , Ilriillicr .lonullmii llrothK, How to Miikii All KlinH of, Iliii'ktalli > Iliii'kwiii'iit Caki'H, How to Muku i.<< ym. k. How to Miiki' '"lli MiilTiilo. I'lrlodof (l«4t«tl with Priictico 28 Types, Ilesemblaiice and Alisurdity 84 Uiill'orinity 29 Upper Iaiii| "i,Ci'iisslnKat IlelKhtof One Space 36 Whoio Ann, or Free Moveniont 82 Hiittornut, Itelatlvo Harduesd of m Cakes— Mow to Make— Almond aog Cinnamon aeH C'lidcolate, Frosting tor atw Cocoamit 3(ih Ciiooannt Drop gujt Cocoamit Jumbles jxjjt Composition )m Ciiokjci. ;ina Cookies, Drop a^ji) Cookies, Molasses 860 Corn Sturcli a68 Creinn ajg *'"P ■■•■ 809 Currnnt sus Delicate jjuj) DeliclonsSwlss '. 309 Doiiiilnuits jjf,B '>''"1>' ; 369 !',''l"l. ■•;' 309 Frostintftor ijgg F™!'',,-,-; .889 Fruit, Plain 3-9 fiintrerSnaps [ ^g (linicer Drop " ^g (irahiim 3^9 lee ("reara Telng for White 'jos IciiiRfor '..'.'..'" mt Indian Breaktiist Patties '309 .liihnnle 007 ,lninlmll3 , 3-,' i',"."'''e9 ■'". ■.'.:; ;. soo KL^-sef 369 Lemon PutTa and Tarts 0?, LlithtFrult oflA Macaroons 07, Marble, Llifht Part '.'.'..' onA Marble, Dark Part , ; ; oig Molasses (^lokies «,n Muniii.') ; S^X Nut ""' INDEX. fHki'H lluw eoMiiko- rAiii. mil ,,,• iiTii Di'iiiiui' rriiiii|icitii in llriMiiri-, MimCllKlli'itUiVbuni It 370 I'liiin 870 I'mU m I'.niiKl BtO IMIN 1170 ■■I 870 HiM.ii, uiuh :nii Mil iw a7o Hii'iiini'. h;i) Hpoimi., Whllu ifiii Hiriiwiii'iry .Hhiirf.«'iik« il>- Hiitiui'.iiiiiiia fur MiikliiKt'iiko iKif Wii'liiii'/l(iri „ . ,., 31) l.ull'lllufi', .''CO ■•llmvlilOlllollluUl,'' uiicj«r H J''^i}L' I'uiii I'll, l''.ni|ili'<' III' . (OS) CaiUil-, .\w .Vti.iliii(|li.v 4M ilniil i:iili'iil Mnitur ll.'liiilvc til ,. Z'9 CiiiiMl, I'lii'.'iilu* mo, 4i7 (!itimrli'H' \',U'.n, tlosi l.iiii'f ItTaki'H Id llnti'h. iM I'lUuii'V Miiii.l.., |i '.oi'll'tlKiior i.'^M Ciin.l'i'u, I'litciiu'i'l III (111 mill (liu 4^1 CiiiinHii, \'iiii 11, 1 Ivliiil.tiil' S'l I iiiiiiiiii ilaiN. I low I'liKt thry Tmvul, iiml tliu Alr'a IIchUNidco tii Thfia. 4V'i L'aini.ltviir ll.ivi-i ... l-ll (it I'm Si'.«iN, liinvid Aw'Ttiiln 4'iW CiI|ipTihvii, 11 ii|.||.iiiiir Wl Ciljic! Vi'i'li' l.hiihli, l>iv..rl|.lliiiiof !!lil Ciililtiils, Till' I'wi III' i-i O.ll'll, Alt" Attllllivl liy .|.li Cill'jiiMllrv .. SH Cii'lii'I". II ivv t I ('!< 1111 Mil til.' riiiiir 4IU t'linlii;' •. V.iiM.iH KiinK Kl Sill Wh.Mi l'ir C'liliicnml 1 nl' I'liili, The .. 4411 ,' Chai-ccial, (,iiiiuitlt.v<)l' Wiioil |{ei{iilred tn Make 4.V1 Clmrt-'is, fur Iiiipi'utloii iif (Jralii 80.1 Kill- Storintf 497 Charlii;t, lU'lliiMloiisof Civil Klirhis Hill. Civil .Srrvioc Itilnrm Civil Will-. Till' (Jii'ut. 291 .... 4.'a 4;u 3up^ Fiinilslioil by Each State l.iv* Civility, K^M'iit ill! nie'iii'iil. ill Civilization 217 Cleavinif lloiwii liei'orils 429 Clotli, llow t I Itcniovc'-ipot.s from 411! Clothes WriiitfiM-.s, Mi.'tlioil of Manufacture 4.'j'.i Coaches, When I'ir^t. irseil ., l.V> Coal, Ant liniiite. Value nf as Oompared to NatiiralOM 4.'>7 Aiithnirite, Wiien First Usetl 8H Fielilsol F, iKlanil m Fli'lili. .Vnieiie.in 8.H First I'atiMit r ir MaUiii',' Iron with Granted M Oils, When First I'ueil Praitie'llv H8 (iieiitShiiftof l'liilii.i6lphm,V i;eiilini.'C'i 88 HowMiiny (Jiihio Fe"tlniiToniif Viirions Kinilsof 431 How Many Pounds to JIalntuin Given Horse-Fowcr per Hour 457 Inl'orinatlon About 88,437 &- Colli' C.iilliiiii'il. Mini', lii I'm, I Fir-t Miiiiil Flr«i 'III mi Firllliilliiiial riilini Parly C'liiilni mill Ciiinrri'''S I 0111 1 ml -1. .New (llleilllHCotliill, rollll of. Coin eiil ion ol 17"7 ... Co|i|.er M I Cnpyritflit, Law of - i.,_- . ■ .« Ciinimiinlialloii Eneliwinunn Assignment to Llbmrliin of Connress i*. Forljilii'ls ,. , 3115 •v.il Fiinii of .\MsiKiiiiii'iit, (ienerill ^1" III iiliiiif, Certillealuol', Form '-'«'*' Syrup, A (looil <"' Court Pianler, How to .Make 4il2 Cows, Atfo Attaineil by and Period of Gestation In 4.i.> rianes, .A«e Attained by ■•• *■!] Cream anil Snow Wl-.IT-. I1I2 ti-a ll!2 l'i2 1112 li!2 1112 1112 Irt2 ( 'ream, ( ioiweberi.v Imperial Ilasiiliurry Hoek Creams, Snow .Sniinlsh Whipped Creilit Moiillier Croimlil •, A'fO Attained by... Cuba. Full lli^eriiitlon of — Currant ('opiial, llliiek Wine, How to Make ... Cnriiiiis Ciileiilati'ins Cnstanis, .\rrow lloiit llakeil Cliocolatii Croum Oat Meal I )i'e.nj,'e Pice :i71 ;171 371 ;rr2 372 372 372 ,1il.-| ;ifi.-i 472 371 371 ,'f72 372 372 372 441) Hamaseiis, Deseription of ... Damp Proof Walls Danish .Vnnrica Hark Aue.i. The Dark Days, .'^'iniollemai'kable _. ■ ■ - - , _,., ... ,„ ,, Deulhs from Dtplitlieria per l.OiKHn tlio Principal Cities of tho World.. Di'tiate, 'nieni.'.-itor '''•' llei'islve ll.Utles of the World Declaration of Inilepenilenee Siirners oV the Deeds, Parts of a. i'lr Conveyanco Foiin of lioii'l forn liittot lilentiire, Wiihont any Warranty Whatever. Unit ■ 'liini Without any Warranty, Form of 'rni>t.'e's l''orm (.f Warriinty, Form of Deer. .\ife .Vttaiiieii by ,,j Delivery of Cotton *' Demoenitie Pi'rty 292 4.')M 417 41K 4i'i2 157 417 437 219 INDEX. PAOE Daposit, Indorsinff for. 68 Tk-kct, Form of <« DepoditcrH, Uorruweis 89r >W I)cpo«;tor'8l'asa Hook, Form of vfi Ueutlisiif the Ocean, The Ore«to«t 447 DeloctinK <^o"'itcr:eit Money 07 AlttTtMl Iluiik Notes 70 Bank Note Paper 89 Coinpurintfiiad Kxttiniiiinir Notes 70 Counterfeit and Genuine Work 68 Couiitorfeit Money in Circulation 67 rounterfeit Signatures 70 Devices and Frauds. 68 Geometrical Lathe 68 Ijithe Work 68 Piiciutf. EU! 71 nulliiK Engine Work 69 SoliiiPriut 69 Vitrnettea 69 Dlamoniis a91-2i« Dtana.TheTemploof 4.")B Dictionary of Mercantile and LegeH Terras, Givlnsr About COO Terms il Deflnitions Ki-8» niBTPsti-n Tables l.V> Dinner Menus, Twenty Choice i'JS DiKcount, Itenk 173 Discnunts. Trade, Form of Hill 170-171 Doir, Period of Gestation in 4f)5 DiiKwood, Itelative Hardness of Douif hunts. How to Make 3ti9 Drafts and llillH of Exchange £3 Draft Kiols, New York 75 Drauj-'litsmcn, I'soful Hints to 457 Dreil Siott Decision 76 DredRinif Machines— What WorUThey Cau AccompliBh ViT) OreysniuKinif 431 Drunkenness. Certain Cure for 426 Duck Efgs, Ho w I,onif it Takes to Hatch 455 Ducks, Ilow to <'ook 375 Spwd at Which They Fly 457 Dyeintf, Uecelptafor 468-469 EaKlo, .Vsre Attained by 455 F^its. Whata Man 4CI Kaiths (/enter, The 472 Eartlniuakes 440 Economy, Uiiies tor Economical Business 217-318 (ietf in)t a (Situation 218 Eel, Ap' Attained liy . 445 Ekks, Hiiwto TeH.\Keof 483 HowtoCook 873-373 Ilow Louii it Takes to Hatch Various 4,j5 How to Engrave on 443 Viihie of for Fo( d and Other Purposes 4(i4 Egjpt. Oescription of iiW Ggypiinns, Tlie. 3'.'3 Electric Light 303 Elcmenn of Success in Dnsiness 215-218 Elephunt, Period of Gestation In 455 Aite Attained by 455 Elevator and Grain Trade 495 linsiness of Elevator Companies 495-49eiyL'iotl;, Device for Stretching 457 203 .inglnes, t'seful Hints .\tiout 460 Bngineers, .ntorraation for 4.57 Engineering Appliances f'sed by the Ancients 4W Envelopes when First I'scd 155 Braof Good Feeling 78 Bsquimaux 295 E'trope-Desoriptionof-Where Situated— Size— Population of— Water Boundary -The British Iilcs- Extent of Coast— To Whut II Owes Its Commercial Supremacy-The Islands of Europe— Description Of the Land-Caspian Sea -The Netherlands- High Europe Tho Mountains -The .\lp«— The Mountain Olaciem-The Rivers of Eu- rope—The L»k«8— .Salt L«kee-Climate - Rainfall -Frozen Marshes -Forests— What Its Products Are- Animals— Fowls aad Fish- Minerals— People, to What Races They Belong 280 Excellency 78 PAGE Exchange, New Orleans Cotton iii 52} Lumberman's "^i?l Executive Ability -■ JU Executors and .Administrators, Duties of ™?"2j Exemptions from Forced Sale in Different States '"^'S: Expansion '"* F J'armers, Riglitsand Duties of itSt Damage by Flro 240 Domestic Animals 346-248 Fixtures 2d6-S3e Fruit, Who Owns It 246 Game 244 Hiriiiura Farm by Lease 240-241 H!-ing (;f Help 241-S42 lliilroiid Lines Through Farms 237-288 Hik'iit of Way 237 Roads, Trees, Etc 236 Trespiuss 289 Water Rights and Di'ainage 28S Fastest Hoat in tho World 463 Federal (iovernmeot. Federalist 76 Fenian Movement 76 Fiction of Law 286 Figs, How to, stew 37; Financial Panics ! 78 Finger Nails an as Indication of Character 4i;4 Files, How to Mend Broken 458 Fire Grenades. How to Make 40:1 Fire, How to Extinguish i'^s Fire Insurance, How it is Conducted 327-1^1; Account Current for a Month, ormof ... . 330 Ad luster, Tlie, His Instructions 329 Agent's Agreement with Insured 329 Contrait or Policy 827-339 Daily Report of Agent, Form of jcg Frauds SiO-iBI .Joint Stock 3»» •Mutual ;aH Noticeof Loss 328-329 Policy Register, Form of a39 Pniot of Loss, Showing Items of Policy Instructions, and Magis- trate's or Notary's Certificate 331-,'!.'i3 Supervising Agent's Report, Form of 332 Fires, G reat of History 433 Fish, .\go Attained by 4'i5 How lokeepSoinid ,S74 Secret A rta of Catching 4311 Fish, How to Choose, Cook and Prepare Various Kinds of 373-375 Anchovies ;i73 Halls 374 Boiled 374 Bass, Black ,■173 Chowder 373 t^am Fritters 373 Cod-llsh 373 Eels .374 Herrings, Broil. Roast, Frj or Pot 374 I T ."'er. Buttered, Curry of or Chowder 374 M'leserel, Fresh and Salt 374 Oysters, Fry, Stew, Esealioped, Pickle, Corn and Patties 37,V-375 Potted. ,374 Salmon. :i7,"i Salt Cod ,189 Salt, General DirectionsforCooklngBllKindsof ,375 Sauces tor Fish 38.' .still geon 375 Trout ,375 White Fish 373 Flour Paste, How to Make 463 Flour, Quantity of Derived from Wheat 4,"i,-i Flowers, Languogc of 15,3-1,54 Natural, a Preparation in Which Dipped, Will be Preserved 461 Fogs Olf Coast of Newfoundland 300 Forests of the World 46(1 ?"orging. Chisel, Etc 4«o Fox, Age Attained by ir,,', Freckles, Ilow to Remove Without Injury to Skin 463 Freight, Comparative Cost by Rail or Water Transi>crtatJon 425 Fremont, .Iiihn ('., F.xpi i-atlonsof 433 Friction, The Law of 4,56 Frost in Siberia 4.56 Frosting, How to Make m Fruits, Ilow to Preserve 131-130 Apples 121 Apricots , 123 Cherries 133 Citron 122 Crab Apples 121 Cucumber 122 Currants 122 Dewlierries 1 '3 Fruits, To Preserve Without Cooking— Without Self-Sealing Cans —Without .Sugar or Vinegar— By Syrup Without Heat— In Brandy— To Bottle— To Keep Fresh in Jars .. 131, 124-135 Ginger, G 'eet.' . . 123 Imitationof • 12J Mock 123 To Preserve Melon-bke 122 Gooseberries 123 Grapes, in Bunches 122 In Vinegar 123 Hints on Preserving 121 Ilucklelierrics ]•<) Jam, How to Make i:;,-. How to Put Up While Hot uk Jelly, How to Mate 12,^ Custard 126 With Fruit 12J With Gelatine 131 tf FAOB W4 »8 871-182 ax «t S40 . !M6-248 . ads-sae SM ZM . 340-241 241.S42 237-388 .... 237 .... 388 .... 2»» .... 2W .... 4«i . . . . 76 .... 71) ,... S86 ... Tit INDIX. Jell/— ConODued. page UnclsM 126 Row to Color .128 How to Preserve from Mold 12S Marsialade US Mushrooms 123 Otmnrae, to Preserve Wbole UB Oim&fe Peel . . 123 Peuhes 12* Pears 123 Pineapples 123 PluEt, Damsoas Oreen Gaces, Purple 122-lS Quinoee 124 Kaspberries 124 Rhubarb .124 Sttrawberrisa 124 Tomatoes 124 Trait Wines, How to Make ISS-ias Apple 125 Apricot .125 Blackberry 126 Currant 128.368 Gooseberry 135 Grape 128 Futures, bectrine of Cotton 510-617 c Galranic Battery 204 Game, How to Choose and Cook 375-378 Ducks 373 Partridge 378 Pheasant 37S Plover 378 Quail 376 Rabbits 378 Snipe 378 Venison 378 Gar6eld. President. The Assassination of 442 Gas Compared to Oil 4.VS Natural, Informatior. oil 4.^7 Time Required 1 1 Travel Through Pipes 4.".* When First Csed 88 Gau^ ..204 Geese, Age -Attained by 456 Gems. Graham, Ho.vtoMake 3B7 Gerrjinander 77 G«ststion, I'eriodof ill .Animals 4.>5 Gintr^r Snaps, How to Muko 3^ Glass. How to Iirill Holes in 4.t* H'jw to Polish Plate 461 How to Frost 489 Windows, When First Used 1 j Glue, howto Make liiiuid ♦tiS How to Ke«'p S^weet 480 Size, How to Make 480 G^ild and Silver Minerals 206,541-542 Discovery of in California 155, 431 Ho» to Make Artittoial 433 HowSmallit, May be Divided 473 Mineii 291-295 Goldfimh, -Affc Attained by 4m Goose E(ri,-s, How Ix>n(f it Takes to Hatch 455 Governor 306 tUivemment, Forms of ;g5 Grat-clul, How to .\ppear 419 Grain lnspergs. How Long it Takes to Hatch ed bv Hens, -Age Attainec Hickorv. Relative Hanliiessof Highest Buildings in the World point Reached by Man Hints on Kitclien Work To Young Housewives Hiv«s, Thtir Cause and Cure Holv Land. The Homes, AUantagesof Owning Homestead and Evcmption I.aws, DIfTorent States.. Hone^ivas an Eli-menti'l' Success in Business llwnev.'Huw to .Make Arlillcial Vvhat the Chemical CempositiOl oti» 4.V. 2ff7 4.W ,. 297 -.'.•>• »-'>4 .... 4«I 439 .. . 425 457 4.55 4."m . 4-4 41.V4I: . ... 4'>:? ... . 435 ... 4^1 '..'.'.. «o 271-2(*3 215 483 4ifor Horses, Fourt "en Kinds of .... 129 Civst«-rs or Enemata for Horses, Various Kinds of 129 Ootrdiiil and Exiiectorant 129 Coniwl » lis 129 Cordial Drench 129 Detnulifiitsfor Horses— Drench. iH-mulcent 129 Marsl.ini^rr.w" Drench 129 Diai'bor... lies for Horses- Hide iKmud Drenches 129-i;!0 Varii lus Dn-nclii s for 129 Digertives for Hor es— Digest ive Ointment 130 Diureiicsior Horses- Active Powder 130 Coofing Diuretic Ball 130 P-.wdcrfoi Mash l;!0 Stimulating Diuretic Ball 130 Btol'.'x-ationsfor Horses— A .-live Sweating 130 Mustard Embrocation 130 Stjm iilal ill ff Embrocation 130 Sweataig. for Wind Galls 130 Bmuls)<'iis for Horses- Active Emulsions 130 Siinjile Emulsions 130 icton 130 1,10 13(1 130 130 Eipet'torants foi^Horses— Cougti ExT'Cctorunt Standing C"ling Powder lu^ Fever Balls 130 lytionsfir Washesfor Horses- Wash tor Galled Sores 130 Wash for Inflammation 130 Wash for ricers . 1^) Sarf'XK-^ for Horses. Various Kinds i;tn Refrigerants for Hors<-s, Various Kinds 1.10 Sedativiv for Horses, and Their Effects 130-131 Stimulantsfor Horses, Various Kinds i:(l Stomach Meflicines for Horses. Various Kinds of 131 «ryt*i<-slorHorse.s, fur Stopping the Flow of Blood 1:11 Tonic UxlU tor Horses, Various Kinds 11)1 Hotse*. .Age .AttaineM Becieipts 99-100 Beams. Kow to Shell Easv I'll Beds. Feather, How to Cleanse 100 Bed-tJckK. How to Clean 9!) Oari. INDEX. chiilcl Itccelpts— Continued I'lirk, How to Cut UpiuidCure. >'tul II \Va*i!uii- iiisi'hiilil Ki^fuipts 'reptlftltii'ii'^ PAOE ... 100 ... 41)0 1(10 Flow Poor liiiys Ik'cipmc Si res.^ful Men '-jj Howl ho Woifills Wfiuluil ami ll.s Density and Muss Computed 4(i3 Howtho L'nitodStalo.stiot lis Liuids ■> M How ti) He Hiiiulioine •'■'* How to liny Iim Hales of Cotton ;•,.'?,',' How to (.'alinlato Various Kxiiraploa of ItM-llU A*^ Interest I'l-lli? Invctitments, Heal Instate lie Land Snrvoyinif, Divisions, Etc IHI LoaTisunlieal Kstnte, .Mi atKa(?e, and oilier classes of Investments. ITU Multi|iliiMtion,Sliort .Mehtoils of 1(15 Nails, Various Kimls, Sizes, Ete., How Made 137-i:iS I'airiters' and Cakiinincrs' Work It 1 I'laslon-rs' Woi k, to I'nui Nnm'er YardsPliusterlng in a Uoom.... l.sti I'raitieal .Measnn'nientB l"'.l rrineipalor .\stroiioniieal Lines, Diat'ram IS'i Qiiantitv of LwiiiliiT in a Lot;, .Soun mess of Timber 1.^5 Kiil.'Slor Mei-lianU'S 1B4 Seaiuliiii? and Timber Mca.^nre Itediiced to One Inch Hoard .Measnie, Table* 185 Sell (ioivU ;ilt'« Small Savin^:.<". with Tables Showing Kesults of Savinsrs ^. 178 SiuKMilatu in Wall Street. BiiO-Wl Speeinatij on tli-' Hoard of Trade 4711 Stocks, H aids and Investments, Showtne Markft tiuotations 175 Taliieto I'md Number of Acres in a Itodyot Land, Ktc 184 TinilievMiMisme 184 To I'iiid .\iiMii'ir of Teot in Seuutling 1B4 How to l)e:.trov i louseliolil Tests— .\n!s. It" iaiel Hlaik 101 lledl)il -s. r.levill .Methods 101 11... 101 101 101 101 )'J!i ioa Wi ha iiE'riiiliara (Yickcis V'ly Paper, How to Make Iliseils Si isipiitoes. How to Drive oil Mot 111, How to Destroy in Carpets Wi Ilowto I'ri'scrvcClotliinsirora KB Hals, l-oiirtc-n .Methods KB Wa'M'. to I'rovent Vermin in 103 How to Tell ,\ 'ly Pi-rson's A(?e 4:i2 Hinnaii Hndyai! ; L.in^'i-, ity 427 io',n.i!e. Veri" I oi C'-.station In 4.'i5 Str'iit:li 4:.'8 nurrieiiiie, N'eloiity of a 15."i Hyena, Al'c .\ilaiiied by 455 Hvdraiilie, or llvdr oilieal Kn;fincerinir, and Hydro-dynamics «0.'> Hydto.static, or lly.li-ostiitical aW 409 4IW ;i(i7 Ice, Hard and Soft Water The lii.i-ti.ityof Sn-^taini'tr I'ower of Which ICind Keeps Host Tee f reaij. How to .Make Various Kinds of 3(j6 Iceland »« Identidcatlon 30ti, 308 Illii-ti'ioiin .Men and Women 431! Impcaehnii'nt, President .lolmson 7" India. The Empire of— How Hnled—'^ize— Population— When Settled and bv Whom -Laniruisfe- lleliirion-Kiust Imlia Companv— To What Country Snbji it- .Momitains — Pl.tins— Kertility— Deserts-Cli- mate- .\irriiiilliiro— Slock UaisiML'— Industries— E.\ports—Kood of the .N'.Uives— Important Cities— Island of Ceylon— Colfee-Sjiiccs— Pearl ( lysiei ••,— I'ishriie.s. Ktc Ml Indians, Ameriian •JO't Indeiienivii.-e 77 lnilori''nfntiol' Noie.s, Dral'tsand Checks fll-fifi iia'ili Cheek, I'orm of, Showiin? Face and Back, With Indoi'sc- nieii(- 02 C'.i'till' ate of Protest, Form of G.5 <;on.iilional 63 Criiaisxnty, Form of 64 In itlan Ba In Full or Special 68 l,t:W fJovcriniiK 0() .Note for Collection, How to Indorse, Form of 63 Protest and Not ico 64 Infants in Law 221-223 Injreroll'sOiatioM at the C.ravpof a Child 154 (jratiim at His Hrothor'sliravc 154 In-In,pe"tiona:i I Oot-Inspcotion of (irain. Charges for 4R4 Ink, l!ow t ) .'(fake Printer's 458 F.vtraetnr, Instantaneous 401 lieeeiptrorMuklMSf Violet 461 Inn, Hotel and Hnarding House Keepers 234 Inspection lit flrain in and i ui of store fM Insurance, Life 261 Marine 280 InBiiranco— Continued, PAOK Form of Immediate Notice of Loss. 258 Law KelatiuK to Fire 258-2.59 Notice, with Certillcute, and Assignment of a Policy, Form of Each 2.51) Dr A.ssurance, Dclliiition of 286 Integrity, Itellaiice Ota Uusinesa Man 217 Interest on Money 473 And Usury 233 Compoun-:i:»l s. iiu-l-')iilMwinfjiit lor Twenty Veurij k>4 Si'ui" iTc'iiiiuni Lil'o Pulicii's '.i'H Ti'n l''c':niiiin iN()M-l'"(]rloit!nif I'lun ii->!! 4.Vl •.Xi\ 431 1^ A'n ■ihr, 451 l.-)5 457 , 4118 1.5 ;j.->l-;«;i MKliliiiiitr, HisturKo llollpctod. . Iviinit.itintis Llmitof Nutunil VIhIom Linnet, A re Attained by Lions, A.-'e Attaini'd by reilddiil' (le^tationin Lhinins Lne, >miifi\(', Tiie I-'icst Liieo.iotiv.':), lnl':i Oililoini I Hi dwood 'Hi! Daiii-'-ei-s '>tt Interest.^, ilxtiul and Magnitude 3."ii LoirHimt.r 357 Lossesa.id DiHi.'iiltics 3^U Lu:ulppnn"'iV !;\eii:inBe 3ii.>-lHi4 Jtlllsiinil ll>i:id:i i;iii|.i.iyed in the United Stut■>•; llailroiid Loiru-jii),', I'orterV Loeomotlvc ^^^'t Iteeejpts or l''oit'st I'rofiuets 3jU Haw-Mill l"ir.-t Heard of, Kirst in the L'nited States .itX) M Mncnrn:^ , How to Cook MiiKnct, N'atiiral, nndMatrnetism. Mnhoi-'rtn.w To Stain and Polish. . . Maine Liw Malftv reniiisiiia. The Malays, The Maliie, Kinds of Malk'iibiilty. Mandulav, Tho City ot Manliest ■... Maiiitobn. Maple, Itelutivo Hardness ot Maps of Aliibama Aliislui — Ari/.cinia Arliiinsa^ Calirornia Ceiitr:il Atnerlutt I'oKinido (^Miiu-eticut Daliota U.Uiv.'are 373 207 4H3 '•!< Sift 21^7 , £07 Georgia Idaho Illinois Indiana IndianTerritory Iowa Kanstis Iventiielcy I,onisia"*> Maine Manityba . Maryland Massaolmsetts Moxieo Michigan Minnesota Mississippi Miss'Hirl Jlontaim Nebraska Ncviviii Now llampshlro New .Tersey New Mexitro New York North Atneriea Noi't'ii (.'aroiiiin Ohio ... Ontario Ore)jon I'ennsvlvania Qiiebee llhode I-.'huid Soulh America South farollna Tennessee Te.xiis. Utah Vermont Virginia WashiiiBtoii Territory West Indies West Vlrfflniu Wiseonsin WvominK MBTklnii (loods. Letters and Charaetora Used Itiipid Process id' at any Desired Per Cent. Profit. Marshniallows, as Made by Confectioners. .. . MoKon and Dixon's Lino Matelies, Preiiaration tor Tops of When Invented leiksuiements. Practical 300 454 . 30.5 301 ;iii<'i 305 . ;jo« 197 »i» '307 , ,>I8 3f 9 . 309 . 310 311 . 311 . m-i . 312 . 313 313 . 3ii2 . 314 . .•tl5 . 315 3U1 31l! 317 31S 318 319 319 ,3:;o Ml 320 321 32-' 291 169 .78, 322 S99 32;) 323 300 324 294 .302 302 324 325 301 303 820 297 aw 326 ,327 -170 424 463 433 4,59 155 179 Meats, All Kinds, How to Prepare in Different Styles- Hatter to IBO With, All Sorts of !IS3 lU'elsteak 378 lieei, Uoast 378 llrawn 378 Calves' Liver and Bacou 378 {.'old Meats .. 3:8 roriiid neef 878 Haniaiid (liiekoniujelly 378 How to Select 378-423 Lanib.Lem.r 379 Mmton 379 Oliserviitions (in "'70 ■Pi(fs' Cheek 379 Pi^.s' Peet and Kars 379 P(M-k, 111 all Styles 379 Pork Saiisaires 379 Itollcd Heel 378 Koiiiid of Iteef 378 Sauces for Meats 3.H9 Sau.«a),'e Uolls 379 Spiced neef 380 StcwedUeet 3,S() Ton^-ne -v^ Trill.' , 380 Veal, all Styles 3^0 Meats, VcKctables, Etc.— Various Heceipts for Ciii'inif, Pickling, Canning, and Preserving- Appies 110-111 neiins Ill lleef Ill Heets n9 Hirds 112 Hutter Ill Canlillower 112,119 Celery 112 Cherries 112,119 Cider 112 Chopped Pickles 119 Chow Chow :. 119 CrahApples I'-'O CiK-iinibers '19 Iv.a-s 112 I'l ii!;eikins '■;rit-.'r,Cireen.. f:i,:. SI berries 'li'i'l-es K.iiiei Ill rbs -Money Horse Hadlsh. . Laid I, lines Meat Mill; Mime .Meat. Mushrooms. ll.'ilU .... 120 . .. 120 lit ... 114 114 114 . 1 15 .... 115 ... 115 .,., 1211 11.5-111'. .... llti .... 111! 12:1 Onions 117,120 Pai-siiips 117 Peaches 117, VM Peas 117 Peppers 120 Pieeiiliili 117, l.'.'O Pickles liil-120 Pliiius 120 Potatoes 117 Pumpkins 117 Rainwater 117 Hoots 120 Hosebiids 117 Saner Kraut 117 Sansaire 118 Suet 118 Sweet Potatoes 117 Tallow 118 Tomatoes 118, 120 Vesrctables ,118 Vinegar, Cider 118 Yeast 118 Mecca, Description of 292 ?'Iechani( '.s Lien 2,55 .Mcchanieal I'owers !M7 «nd.Sciciitlllc Terms, giving Names and Detinitions in Architect- ure and Huiiiiing, Carpentry andjoinerv,. Metallurgy, Nautical Alfairs. and Processes o£ .-^rt and Industry 19S-212 Medical Department— Ainicin tho Hreast, Curofor 89 AguoMi.xture 89 Anlile, Sprained, HnwtoCure 89 Apoplexy lieiief for 89 Asthma, (^iiri' for Baldnes--, Cure for Hilioiis Colic, Cure for nilioiisComphilnts, Cure for. Hlaekbcrrv Cordial ... . nieeiliiv-'. How to Stop Bhstci-snn tlio I'ect, Cure for Hlood-ralsing Hoils, Cure for Dowels, Swi'llcd In Children 89 Ilreath, How to Cure Had 91 Hunions, How to Cure 91 Burns and Scalds, HowtoCure 91-104 Cancer, Hor 83 Weeplnsr. Cures for 83 Felons, Cure for 83 Fever and Afruo ... 93 Fever Sores, Cure for 93 Fits, Cures for 93 Flesh Worms, euro ."or 93 Freckles, How to Remove.... 93 Oravol, euro for 93 Hair, Mow to Clean the 9i Restorative 93 Wash 93 Hands, How to Soften M How to Remove Stains from 91 Howto Whiten 94 Headache Drops 94 Head,T<> Cure Scurf in the 04 Heartburn, To Cure 94 Hiccoutrh, To Cure 94 HiveSyrup 94 Hoarsi-nees, Remedies for 94 Humors, How to Cure 94 Hysterics, How to Cure 94 Iteh, Ilartier's, How to Cure 94 Ointments 9,5 Seven Year, HowtoCure. 96 Jaundice, Cure for 95 Joints, Stillened, Cure for 95 Kidney Discnae, Cure for 95 Lame Back, Cure for 95 LiccHow to Kill 95 Liniment, A Wonderful forSprains „ 95 Rheumatic 95 Sore Throat 96 Lips, .fore to Cure 96 Li\er ComplnintCure 95 Lock .law. Cure for 95 Moth Patches, HowtoRemove 95 Mumps, Cure for 96 Nails, Finfter, How to Care for the 94 Inif rowinif , To Prevent 95 To Whiten 96 Neuraluria Cures 95 Oftliel'nce 96 Of the Stomach 90 Ointment, Olycerinc gg For Itch 90 For Hemorrhoids 96 For Soro Nipples '. 96 ForSuiphur 96 Pains, Cure fur ' g6 Pain-Klller, Instantaneous 96 Pimples, (7ure for 96 Plaster, Poor Man's \ 96 Mustard , gg Strentrthenintr ' g6 Poultice, Bread and Milk 96 Linseed 96 On insy, Cu res f 1 ir and Treatment of ! 96 HlH'umiiti.«ni, Itcraedies \ ." 96 Rin^rwnrni, To Cure ,, .. 96 Salt Hheiun |. .' 97 Salve, HcalinMr !!!'*.' 97 Stomach, Blcedinir of the '. . 97 Sii'kiK's.s of the .'.' 97 Sunliuru and Tan, To Remove 97 Sweat, To Produce !..,......! 97 Tan, To Remove " 97 Teeth, Care of the and (iunig, Wa.sh for .. How to Preserve the. . . Tecthinif of Chililren ThroHt, Cure lor Sore... . Tooftiiiche, Cure for Tooth powders ITrine, I'rec PassaifO of SealdiUB: rrifiary Ohstructions Veiieri'al Complaints. Wai'ts, How to Cure While Swellinir, To C\iro.. Whoopintr Cou«li, To Cure Wound.'", To Cure Worms in Children, To Cure ,' .' .'.'!.'.'.'.' 98 Medical .lurispnidcnce. . 287 Medicine, Terms fsed in Mi. . ,"! !!.!!i 429 Mem8 Mexico, Full DeseripUve and Btatiitlcal Matter Relative to 296 Mighty Hammers 444 Military Law 287 Tactics, Remarkable of Charles XII 46S Mills, Useful Hints on 460 Mines and Minerals- Coal 88 Copper 291-296 Gold 2ei.!!»5 Lead 293 Petroleum 291-295 Silver 291-295 Zinc f95 Mlnlni 636 Abandoned Mine 643 Affidavit, Form of 648 Assaying the Gold Ore 642 Blow-Pipe 638-639 DlBKram of a Claim 643 Gold and Hilvcr Minerals 641 Howto Examine a Mineral 63S Improvements on Lode Claim 643 Laws of MIninf; Regions 643-643 Location Certitlcate, Form of 643 Ores and Metals 637 Prospecting. Shark 546-540 Sliver Minerals 639-641 Tricks of Mining Swindlers 646 WorkingaMine 640 Missouri Compromise 78 Mohammedans 292-293 Monkey .Ago Attained by 465 Monroe Doctrine 79 Montreal 300 Moors, The 293 Morocco, Description of 2B3 Mortgages, General Remarks 247 Chattieaor Personal Property.Form of aChattelMortgage. . 262-263 Formof a Mortgage 247-248 Short Form of Chattel Mortgage 263-; 84 Mother Shipton's Remarkable Prophecy .. 430 Motion 207 Mountain, The Highest in the World 456 Moving Powers 207 Mozamt' I ue. Description of 294 Muffins, ^wtoMake 867-369 Graliam , 369 Mush, How to Cook . 367 Howto Fry 887 N Nails, Varieties and Number to the Found 187-188 Native Americans 79 Natural Gas, History of 466-469 Naturalization , 79 Needles, When First Used 155 No,?ro Race, The 293 New Brunswick 390 New Orleans Cotton Exchange 604 As Between Members and Non-Members 620 Assistant Supervisors 621 Chief Suiwrviaor, His Duties 621 Commissions and Brokerage 522 Cotton Specuhition 606-607 DampCotton, Allowance for 620 Delivery and Press Room Inspection 620 Doctrinoof Futures Explained 616-617 Duties of Members 510 Expenditurefor Information 607 Failures 517 Form of Cotton Contract 512 Form of Tran8feral)lo Notice 513 Fraudulent Packs and Claims 621 Future Market of New Orleans 517 Futures 610 Governing Weighers ',,, 620 Herbaceous, Shrub and TreeCotton 606 Initiation Keeand Annual Subscription 610 Meral>ership, Conditions of 600-610 Numlierand Weightof Each Band to Each Bale 620 Object of the Exchange, Committees, Etc 608-609 Picking and Sending to Ginning Mill 505-506 Press Order, Form of 614 Press Supervision 521 Press Supervision and Leveo Inspection .. 619 Receipts and Deliveries 62C Rejections .'6i9-.53i) Salaries and Weight of Samples , 621 Sale and Delivery of Cotton 519 Seed Product ' gg6 Settlements 618 SpotCotton "\ 5jg Supervision Fee " 522 Testing Scales '. bjq Transferable Notices 8i2-613 Transfer, Form of Sl.1 Varieties, Height, Etc .'.'. 6^5 WeiRht of a Merchantable Bale ' 560 Newspaper, The Fiittin England 155 Niagara Falls, The Stoppage of 471 Description of 455 .Sending Vessels Over 4,'i7 Niagara Suspension Bridge ,.', 431 NiBkBames of States, Cities and People 7b Nijihtiagale, Age Attained by 4,55 NireCou»try,fte , V.SIW, 457 Uiver, The 457 L .. S45-540 . e3»-641 648 . . . 640 78 29J-293 .... 466 70 300 ige. INDEX. PAGE North Amoricn-ltsIX)cation-Kxtcnt-Slmpo-Mountaln»-yolcanoe8- Yukoii Itivcr- Other Uivcra -Sdil— Clinmto-I'roducta— Veitetu- tion -Seal -Willi Aiiiiuiils— Kcptilus-lllrds-MlniiKf KeHdiiroes— Petroleum — CliilJ, Silver ond Zinc-Esiiuiiniiux— Indiiina-Whito Hnec-Indiistries-Commcree—l'isherios— Agriculture— Greeuluud -Icelnnd *2g Northwest Territory '" Ncjies, I'romissory ,''? Novii Siotin '^"' Nuliii, Deaerintionof ;:'■' NuiKupiitive Wills <"^ o Onk Iliirk.Qiinnt'.ty UcqiiirpdlnTiinnintf 455 Oiik, He.l, Kehitive llnrtliiisa of 454 fiiTiili, Iteliitive Hanliicss of 454 Willie. Uiliitivc Hiii-dneas of 451 Yellow, iiclutive llnrdnesa of 454 Oil Cniiipiired to (ins 4.)rt ' (juiinlitylieipiired for Uilleront Colors ot Paint 4:.'4 Olives, V/hii-e I'roilueed -1|;1 Omelet, riieese, HowtoMiike del Aspaniu'iis, How to Mnko .>;- Err, How to Make d.J Ontario, Deserlptiou of. -•» Oraiitfo Free States, I)e.seriptlon of 2«4 Origin cdtlie Names of States JU Oyst'erai HowtiVcoruVsti.'wi'FiyVPIt'ki'. Eseuliop and iiako Patties. 373-375 P Paint Quantify liequired to Cover a Given Surface 424 Si«ii..i. 1 low til Ueniove 401 I'ale^line, lii'si liption of 2iia PaneiiU''-. KiiRli^li, Mow 1.1 Make 3ti7 I'aiueiU l^.iV, lli.-l'irv of the 440 Paper, ll^iw to TiiUKlieu ■.■:••••. *'''* 1 low to Va..iten I'eiiiil Markg and Prevent lilurnnif 4,5» Iluw to'i'ni'isl'er Newspaper Prints to (Jlass 4'>H Parrot, Aire Attained liy ...^ ,,VV 1C''5 I-..'S How l.ontr It lakes to Huteh 4.i;i Partnership, Sliowinif Arlielesof SSS-fflll Partridge, How to Cook 310 Pateuts, porek'n and rnited States 208-270 ApplieantK, Applieatioii.5 for 2ti'.i As.^it-'imiicnl'' of 270 Caveat.^, ConveyaneeT'onn 2iiK DesiifU for Ornamental Purposes 270 Uraiviii"..-, HowThev .Must he Made 209 Uurali.MilMthe I'nited States 2iSll Fees In the I'nited statesund Elsewhere 270 Ir '■"oreirn Countries 270 Mo.lels, How 'I'liey May 1)0 Made 209 Payment and 'lender 224-225 Peaeoek, Auo Attained by ir.'t Pearl ine, In^'redientsor 40!) Pearls "'dl Peliean, Awe At tallied by 4.")5 Pennian-liip, lirnainintal.. .••••■■: 38 Peisever.inee, F.h'ineut oL Success in Busmess 217 Persia, liescrlpt ion of 2'.i2 Petroleum ■ 2!il Theory a.s to the Orltrin of 403 Plialan.v.'l'i'ie Ancient Greek 4.'i5 Pliai.^aiit, How to Cook ... . 370 Pickles, How to Put up Sf'O-S.s? lieetlluots 380 Chow Chow 3W PffL's 3.S7 CrienCorn 3.-7 Indian Pickle 3)<7 Mushrooms 3H7 Piihlc Sauco i\x7 lied CaliliaBO 387 Tomatoes 387 ■ Tomalol.illy 387 Walnuts 387 Pics— How to Make 381 3.11 lleelsteak ,WI Chicken .381 Cocoaniit 381 Cream .381 Fish Wl Ci II mo 38 1 Gililet 381 Hum 381 Lamb .381 Jlinco Meat Wl Mince, Moclt 381 Minee.Good 381 Potato Pastry 3,s! Potato 381 Salmon 3si Veal 3S1 Vinegar .3^1 Pigeons, Au'o Attained by 4.''5 Carrier, Speed of 4,'>7 Eiws, 1 1' iw I.oii!? it Takes to Hatch 4.'i5 Pike, Ai'M Attdiic d by 4."o Pine, Yellow, lielaiivo Hardnessof 4."i4 White, Uelative Hardnesa of 4.54 Platotilass, ilow to Polish 401 Platinum Mini'.! ■ .' '"il Plover, llini' to Cook 3:8 Pliiinliers, Hecoipt.Uor 4';&-lfitf Plymouth Hoek, History of 440 Poems, ( hoice— liinircn on tho Rhino 1.37 Changes 138 §^ = Poems— Continued. PAOK Hereafter 135 Maid of Athena 142 MaudMuller 134 Oft in the Stilly NiKht 136 Oh, Why Should tho Spirit of Mortal bo Proud 136 'Ostler .Ii 1«7 141 140 139 1311 140 Hock Me toSleep Tho Old Oaken Ducket Tlio M u rdt rer Twenty Years Abo Tho Haven 'Tls tho Last Hose of Summer 130 We Parted in Silence 1.14 Would Wo Hcturn 134 PoUtc'ne.sj in SellliK? Goods 347 Political History of the rnited States, Vocabulary of Party Names. Measures, Terms and Ma.xims 72-8;) Poiiiilar Vote for Presidents 88 Tallies Showing the liesiilt of tho F.h.'ctoral CoUetfO, Proceedings bvStates, Kvliiliitlnu' atatilanoo What States Were Carried liy tl'a' Sueeesstul luid Insuccessful Candidates, from Washiimton toDati; 82-85 Votes by States, Showinpr How Each State Went in Presidential Elect ions from 18.'4 to Date, and by What Majority tho Party Carried It 80-87 Pommes-BU-lilz, How to Make 372 Pomiiey's Pillar, Hescriiition of 4.'iO Poplar, Uelative Hardness of 4."i4 Popovers, How to Make 3ii7 I'opularSovereit'uity 80 Portau Prince 293 Pi.irtoliieo 207-2'Jfi Posts, How to Preserve 409 'J'iinlierfor, How to Preserve 451 Potato Cakes 373 Poultry, llow to Icoti^t, llroil or lioil— Chi'.'kcns 3."^ Chickens, Eacallopcd 388 Geese 388 Piireons 388 Sauces for 388-it.8il Turkey 388 Potnidsma liushel, Dlllerent States 191 Precious Stones 291 A rrauKid .\eeordinj? to Color and Hardness 4;X) Pre-emption liinht HU Preserve Ornauic objects. How to 400 Preserves, How to Make — Apiilo.lani 381 Apple .Marmalade 382 llarlierry Jam 3-..' lllaek Curicuts .. 382 Cherry ,liun 382 Cherry Marmalade o--- Currants for Tarts 3,s3 GrcenfiaKO Plums ., 382 Green Giuto. lam 3^2 Marnialade, Transparent 3.^2 .Marmaltide, Tomato 3r2 Pears, Dolled and Pickled 3'-3 PieklcdCitron 3«t (Juinees 3Kt Kasplicrries 3.^3 Spiced Currants SSJ Stcived Pears, Whole 3^3 Strawberries Whole ""3 Strawlierriesin Wine 3.'.3 Tomatoes 383 Prince Edward Islands 3(.o Printers' Inks, Ilow to Make 4.V< Prollt and l.n.s.s, iteekonini-'Gainsand Losses.. .. ]08-lilii 1 Promptness I-^sseiitial in ilusincss 21ii I'rotectni),' Water Pities 4i)9 PuUdint's, Ilow to JlakonU Kindsof— Aihber 3.'^3 Ap|ile,llaked 3.s;i Apple, Itoiled 383 Apiileiind .Sago 3^3 Arrow^ltoot H-s;! Aunt Nelly's 383 Ilaked I nilian <3.s3 neel.steak 3>4 lllaekeap 381 nianc^ Manue 371.3-4 lioiled Matter 384, 3'0 liread 384 Christinas 38 1 Cottaue 384 Crnmli 384 iJamson 384 :i84 r,irn. E\tra. Fin Gelatine. Gooseberry... Ground liiee. 885 iiiilian 3--.} Kilney 385 l.eiiion 38.1 Mae:u-oni i;8j 7.[arrow . . 3^-5 Meat and PoLlto IS i >'esselrode ii'-i Plum 3.'-J 'otato rinec of Wales S.'-j net n 3-'i tice. Plain and Plch 3.--tl Rice, with Fruit 380 Horaau 3>-0 Sago , 380 INUKX. rucMinjfs-Cdiitinucd. 8|):iriiuli fmt 'l'u|iliK':i V.rm.iM.Ml PiiUc, .Viilmil I'lilsiitlonof I'lit.s, r.ii mi I. 'I HtmiMIca, OniiuTnido . I'.vninii'!:, Tlir Ltrvi'tii"! Qllllil, Huw t'lfnliU ijuhiilit.v lil I'lu'ri ill II Crilp, Ti) I''inJ ... Ill' rdituii lull Hull' ol (lii.Ml.stu liiiv 111 lit t.iil Tmilu III' thi.v iM a ."^t u'lt of I.MI'lln-f iilil l.uy ol' Vf licMt in a itiii Qiiiirli-r, (Jiuirtu, i.iiiintal, Qillro . Omhc*', lii^ii'iiptinii i)t Qiiotatiun.s l'\iiuiliai' ■ (ir, .. . iw . 4r)(i . y,'.) . i"\ oil 1.-.-) , 111! Ill) iiiK; 142-1 W Hnbliit, Aup Attained li.v i'i5 flow lo fook ilT'l Itailival, ll.a-.S", Till- Kiist J.V. \'iailia't. III! .\ur'traliaii 'tiiH Kailnmils 111 liiilaiiil 4Zt Uail-i, 1 1(111 and Wimd, U'licii First Used hH Kaihv;i\-.s in .M'rifii ... l.''.';! Ka.-|»l>fn'v \'iiu'*7ur, H 'W to Muko oi>."» Itawii.s A(/ii Attained li.v ■l.Vi Itc'ci-'ilJt?, X'sii'iiiu.-i rianisdf 43- 1! I.aw (invcrninif 4:! HOl'i|hS, Isrfiil 4;«i r.ir Hi'-liiiiiii^'Tv|pc' liililiiMiH 4''M liwiivi IV and lullri'IiulKd' 1)( lil,< 271-X'N.' .\l..-.ii:nt 1 1' Koiiu Hlf.id and Mvciuptldii I/iiws, Diffureiit States ~?- Itcnioval Inan t'liili-' totitate it- Itclci'tilM'S.Cultoll SlO-.V.t) Hclfi^e', l'cina.iinii Apt Too MiH-h ;U7 'I'liu Alereliant. Sonallv ... Sri.'i W'liitin;.^ on I'lmtoiiiers, Dcmi-aiK I'ofti.iO Salesman JltT Hajii'iiir IS, \tf ' Aitaini'd liy 4'i'i l.'ie.- ■ roppii'lt! >. How iPLMako 372 (iNtard, lion- til M.i;;i' ;)r3 riiiiiiiiierv, llowto Mako 37'-' riitl.'i-s, lli.w tD.Maku 37.; Hivi'i-s, So'iio final , 4;iil Solil .Matter in 4.-Ji ItoSilH, .\ae .\tt:rlii'd liy 4.'yi Uo;!-, I) •lii.iiiiis, ilij.vtci Mako ;!t)T I'l.iieli, lliovioMake :iii7 It'' i,m I.e^rioii.The . . ^rC} li.'-^ I'ii.iili ■, Tho l!eni:irkaliioPi. ry cf 44s Hnyaltv in ICnuiaml, f.ii't of 4:11) Kiiliiier, Mow 10 Cut HisilT 41.ii U,.: ;,\..-v'v,..v round '.",M Itnlesti'ivrniiij the Jiispcctlcn nf Gnuii In tlie Cit y Of Chintgr) 48:)- 1'^ I for .Mechanics IM -Is.-) Uiisks, How to .^laKo ;i'"7 Hus-iiu, Description of Sil 8 Sahara Desert. Tile ....... Saiiron. The Cit.v of Salaries of l.'niied States OfTicera per An.^um Salmon, A'/u Attaineil by Salt Lake, Tlio Great Mines .'^ahii'.'", ('ireiiinstances Govei'iilnflt the Amount San 1) .miii!-'o Sandy Soil, Pile Driving in Sappliires Saiieesfor All Kiiidsnf Meats, Fish, Poultry and Game Sconriii;{ Paste, An r\ecllont Screws, Varion.s Kinds •..•...•■ ... Sea, Teineeratureof tlis .i.> , Dead ,. Galll.'G Peees-loii and Be-Admlsslon <'£ Heliei StaAen, Se'-d. Viiar.tity Iteoiiiriil toSwo ftuAOW., .''^enate .•sene^'ami'ia, De.sci-fiiticn rt Settlement?, hy nxi;liurib-« nt EmftS ForOraiu .V .'.".V 2114 ail-,' 4."..T 4.V !.",'l 3rS 4i« ^10 . 440 . 4;;.-. . « . 4:5» 61 (! 'MM .•Seven Wise' .Men of f^rcii ", The Wiilldi rsi.f t!ie V'lMld ■■ Si wiiiK .Machin''H, Wl Invented aial by W liom Sllavln^.• i-oap, llowto .Make siiecp, Twciiiy-iv.'i) Kiiid.s of .Medicine lor .Xue .\r uiii'l by ••• I'l rl'id of (iestaiion in Slilii'.'i.s, II' wtoSt.'P.loinis 1!' 'tween SldiMiici.'-, Dadv Ki'poriof Flevut.<>r SliiiijHM',', Law of A»i raw- II 'itomiy. Charter Party lonii of Chaiii'r Party " l(c,/istiatioiianl LiLciise of Vessels Ships. History of itiK Shoe I'olisli, How to Mako Shoes, Odd Faci.-. Aliiait Silicna, Hi'scrlpiloii of ,',■„■, tfiher .MIneiiils "•'" How to 0.\idize To Kemove irom PliiteU Ware Sinvraiiore. I)es('ri(ttion of Si'ikiiitf Fund Sk,\ larks, .Vite Att'dned by .'•'.i\e Trii'loiiiid ^iavery SliiM'ry War t*mol\e Consumers .Siii.\ riia ■.'.1,1 ;B7 :.";:| 2,Vi 4ld 4IW 4'.'4 •M .MO 4>iU (tiS 2(*9 4 ■) tl ?l 4'1'.) at; t^nipe. How to Cook Sim pine. Inrxredieiitsof Sol'Icr, How t.i .\ial.o'i'liii'ty Kinils Soil, Pro'liiciivenesaof the onthu Nile liii or SoloniotrH'i'i-nipIf. Solid) e(.|ii.s.s lor Floor.^ .Siaiiii'ii, 'I'tie Siaiii'l.riu' Speed if, ill Air, WaierundOtheirSubtaiices Soii|ie, How to .diiko Various Kill Isof Alii I'.oke Asi'iiiiiMiis 11. ■, I ill'olll He, r I'ca ilicf I'ea, l.iebltt's Kouill'in lliow 11 Gravy I'll Clam CoMSoieme Croutons (iHllie .lidii'ime Lobster Mi'Ck Turtle (i\ster (i.v'l'ail lioval Sci.il h Ilrolh SplitPea Toiimto Turkey \'aiiini3 \cal \ I'll I Gravy Viyebiblo Vermicelli South Soiitli America '•■|ill Descriptive and Statisticul Matter Hclntlvc South .Sea iialible. The Sow. Pi noiiof Gi station 111. So'.iidont, How to .Make Siiectro cope S|icllintr, Uiilcjifor S'poiiKe Fisheries SpoiitaiiconsCo.iibiistion Spriiiirs. Heiiiiirkalileof California., Iloiliii'-', F. plaiiationot I'r.ilcr the iJcean — Sqiiirrel, .\i,'e Attnined by Still.', A no Attaiiied by Slain i'j.ntriii'lor. Instantaneous. Si aiiipiii'^- Powder for Ladies stareli Fnainel lor St ilVening Collars nud Cliffs Stai'IiiiLT. .\ife -Atiaincd by Slate liiTlils Statiieof leter till Great Statues, Enormouii yteam l-'n^ine Kn,;iiie. First Sent to This Continent.. I'^iijfiii'-s, How to Go\'(-rii Fiiyincs. Ii-rei^ulnr, Power in. How to Deaden Noise of. .b.ints, llowto Head Power, Ncces.iity of Oilin'fnll Parts Steamboat, I^'ii'st .\seeiiilid th • lliidson I'ii-st on the Mississiiipi Steamship Ui'iite, Most DanLrereiisln the World. Sleiimsliips, How Many Tons Due Consumes on a Voyase. Steel, Ilov.'t.) F.teh on How to Ca.sehiirden Pens. 'iViier. 'mciifed I'lale, 'I'll Color P.liie. ^^lllle of M:'.nuf'U'tiirod Stew, Irisli, How to Mal'O '"-t. Helena ""^ St. I'l ter.-.l 'iirii Stocks, Hoiiiisan.-I Tevestm.Titii Stone, Kvi'-ii'^i. ill of by Heiit Ihn'ihiessof 1 firioi:? Kindsof (.niaiitiesof Good IlU'.liu'lil' . Stn-iiL'th of. To 1 rrest, 1 ii ^ar In ... StiippaL'e in Triiiislr. Pt'i.-TH. V-Moeisy ol 8tr:'V-:«!i'ry and .Apple «0'.iiiK, Hot to Owk. '1 'i'^^' Mfmmtimimm'' i INDXX. XV S"tr. M' I I^r'nas, ilnwtoMnke .. Suii, l.itrl'.tof tlio ....... KuTiiiirkiiliiu (.uicuiatloDstteerurdlDB the.. . Toinploolf liio SwiilliiHH, tilK'c'ildl Swuil. Auo Attalnc'l hy j. KlfvTH, Iliiw 1,1'n^.' .tTiikot to Hatch Swino, Aro Alliiliu"! by VarluiiaMudluiiiesldi' Synonyms, IJst of Twelve Thousand PAOE .... »i6 .... 4*ia .. . tii .... 450 .... W .... ».V. .... 4.'>c .... 4r,6 .... l.Tit 47U-47e Tnlil J IiitiTost. Kiitosi, t.iinitiil iipiis, FAn., for the Oiiitda States and Caniulii Tiilili) iViiri', Wlilti' Jl'i:il Tiililis, Wfi.-litsaml Measures 180 Tiimmuny Sock'ty I'ank.s 1 low to .Mimlsiiic Itouild Taiiiiini^, Infonnatior. on Ta.xatiori Tea, llii\vtoMali"OoiuI llfll, ,\ iU I'll."-'- Ti'iniHTatiin' at Which It If Drnnk Ti'li'ftnisiMi|M>, 'ri'i^'uiaph, Tcloiihono. Telescope Teli'h'iapli Wires, H.nv Often They Itenuire llenewnl. Cost of, and what (ll.l W in IS U'ortli Telephone, Ilistcpry of the Telescopes, When I ii vented Teiupe rat lire, Increa.so of, the Deeper ^.'0 fSO Init: thr Earth. Of tlio yea or Celestial f< pace TeneinenLs The Art of llenntvnnd Dross ilK. Loftiest Inhaliited.Spotoa iheGlobu ol.leBtL'lty ill tlicWorid ThriiRh, .Vire Attained by Tleki't, I'olitlcai Timers, Aku Attained by Timlier, L'estsfor Charred in iteroulaneum „ I.iiioon the Alp.'^ Llnoonthu Andes .. Timlieiv, Heavy Time, Diiierencoin Whenit isNoon atWaaUngtOD Tin Till'irk,AtfO Attained by Tomato Toa.st, How to Make Tuul.^, Ilowto Keep ... Mow to .Mark Mow toSiiarpen Tortoise. A^c Attained by Township, l)5 Wfl mr, 360 im SI. ,177 410 IW 4o« 45C 4M :J(1!) ■-ik; 455 282 iUTi 82 4,Vi 457 45.5 45o 455 4IS;! 2i;' 211 4.55 Se! 4ro 4?) 4CS ISi Ti:nis, Description of Turkestan, 1 )eseription of Turkey, Description of Turkey Kuifs, How Long It Takes to Hatch Twenty Thousaml Thinm Worth Knowing Typo, .^izes of \'ariou3, Showlnsr How Many Unes of Each it "Takes to Makoan Inch Typewriter u UneloPam Cnion Stook Yards of Chlcniro .\"rouiit Sales, l-'orin of At'jrnwite Operations of Union Stock Tarda Bank Amountof Money Uegnlarly Employed In Paj-iDif I>iflet«nt Rail- roads, Vieiirht and Other Cliari,'es Artesian Wells " naeiiout" of a Trade, DamaKlni? Itank a Valuali'.oA(?ciit in Collecting Droits Hulls and Hears .... , Hiivers Car-loads r.ivoStxick That can be Taken Dally " Cattle, Fuels Al>out 53J. Ctiaiws Chronr.io(,'1.:;u Heport Commissions Firmslu Chicago Ll-eStoc)- Market Commission Men 527 Coriisot ."issistanta Daily Houttiic Depiirtiiicnt for Dead Animnls DuplieatnW luhmanN Ticket Easternaiid Western Livestock Freigh* Ooilectlons Kxchaniro liuildinij' Feed Trousf lis Form of .'teller's Order on tho Union Stooir Ykrds dortituiny fo" Delivery of Stock to Purchaser Frciiihtaiid Other (;hnri7es ', GnnK'Sof Hoe's ":'.! ,-..'ii.„-n ' ' ] Hoirerr(.\i."^:n ii Vear '..",. }loi..?Sliiii'-,''iti.iT;J in a Year jjov- the V;'!-', .iie Oivide>-:een, Hlijhest and l^owest lor Sixteen IfewB. weeipt .1. and their Sale Shipiiiiiit of Live llo)rs SlilppiiiK Depart mei.tH. Shiitesl'or Loading .uai Unloading .S|.H'Ulators Superintendent, and Yardtnastijr Switeii and SIdu Trucks , Thf Conipaiiy. ......••.a. ........... 63A .. 6ai .. K15 ..628 .. 620 .. 62« .. 520 528 527 Te.vajiCatlle 680-.527 linderdriiinmcp, .streeti ami Alleys r,jn Water TioukIis 111 tbo Various I'ens iin Weitfhinn Slock ., rM WelKlinian's Ticket to tho Commission Firm, Form of 5H0 When the Vardsaro Open and Closed ri2U United States Iliaids m United Stales, The— aenenil- Full Dracrlptlve imd Statlstlcnl Matter lielatlvoto the... 2uo UnltodStales, The— SpiH'lal— Tho followinif Pl"'eial description of Ala- baniii will siiltlcotoBhow with whatdeiall tho matter relative tliei-i'to Is written, and wiil show in n ifeneral way what can lie found und a- thoheadini«of the various SliitesaiidT<'rritorlea, thoiii.'li but one linoisiisc1ile,s #11 ^a\'ljfii''! 1 Wa.erways-f,>iialltyot' Sial -Timlier- lines -Sliiplo Pro-iii .(a Cro|is -Averai.ee Value of Farm and l.'oiesl Ijinds— C.liiiMie • ncat,Siiow 'lid Frost— KaiiiluU-Chiel ClUes-- tiCuUict.' [c... >.. trios and Number of Same AInska . Arizon.i Arkansas . California. 11 .■■'4 . I 1 \o.-l ■■:>ii :jiii ill I :;il Colciradii Conn ■! tieut Dakor.i I.><'iawan' Florlila (leor-riu Idaho Iliilii.is liMli.iua Indian rotrltory Iowa ,1) Kans.ns '{ji Kentucky . «)' Ixiuisiana m Maine , . . Jl| Maryland ' j') Ma-.saeh'isetbj aill Michiifan aV\ Miiiiu'sria , . iii7 Mis '•:<\px MU:>it*,tA*>mS Oni'-! s. Vc Ploitie P;'.r.ii!p£ ....'.. Pen^ Potatoes ,-. .. , Tomatoes ,. .,..,... .».>;-;•' n SI .'rt.t^ia^jtr' ^it*»er^**.t*^ INDEX. Vc'ifetablos— How to Cook. PAOE TiirnliM , aM Vi'triitiible Miirrnw 3M Veifctulilu!', Seo Also "Moiitg and Vegetables." ViiDuitlt'MDf ViirlDiia IloiUt'a 4S4 Vi'iiJHon, How ti> Ciiiik 3Ttl VisHil, ('nrnitmciiniinrof'Toniiaifo" of a 4.'i8 Vt'Hei'lB, I'liwi'i' lt''c|iili('il totititi'C 45.% ViirioiiHKlriils iiT 21:. Vliu'wir, Ciilor, Hmv ti> iiiiiko, Various Mctho-ai-' Mci'i'iiiitiloMiKl I,('K»I Terms 2ty) :;8y I'ollticul Tfrms K-IS3 w Wnnies.IIiiw to Miiko 887-3:0 \Vii«c8iM Enj;liiii(l ill 1086 437 Wall StrcotiUKl tlio Ni,w York Stock Exclinngo !47 Accountol II I'i'olltiUilu Truiisuutluu AS8 lllHik Frldiiy .Mki lloiirsc, or (.'pen Itoiird &60 Ilnakintliu .MiirUot f>'9 KrokiTMiinil tliolr Olllcea US-.Vm llrnki'i's KiM'orUoCTrniisuctlona ."W^} lliiiiaiiii.', Tlio 5ftO lliiHlness (If tlu! Old llrokors, Character of Some M'.> liutloii-wood Tree, tiio Old fil9 Cull of StoikslnlStook K.vcliiiiiKO .V)6 Cll'iiie, Corner, in ritocka fi&t-.Vu Coinniiasiioiis, Uiilua lU'Kiu'ding &.'ir Crowd, in stocks , &'>4 Oiiith il Minilitra, Asr.issment Fee, Orotuity Fund 632-'i5-'i ll'.'iiliiitr ill riitsiiiidCiilLs .'.<'<0 IlillLiiiu'.H, How .'^otlkd on Stock Hoard 5.Vi DiitiLSoi tlie ['resident and Secretary. 5i: Floor DliiKnini TmI Form of ii full ,5)9 Form of n I'lit fud Form of aHtraddle .^W Goveriimont !,oniia in Wn II Street rJli Government Assisted by Wall. Street fiiil How Keponaof I'lirilaiseaniid ftileanroObtoinod oi'4 How Stoi ka iiro Listed and Forgeries ODViatod. .Tiil How to .Spciiilato AVS-.VX) LiinKu:i-e of lirokcrs « 5&i-'w>4 List, in I'tocks S-'A Mnr:.nn , ''i7 ^leili'idnndOnvernmcnt... (t^'-Vil MiniiitfKiiterpriaea &») MiM e'.laneoiisSiifenlations 6lS3-.'.iV4 Number, Kacli Memberof New YorkStOOScBscbangtiIkiaa.. .. o:i6 Operator, ill Stocks .'v>t Origin ot flic Name. ,M7 Fotroleiini ^'A Point. Pool, I.amija, in .Stocks. V>1 Pre=.>nt.Stoek lixehamro bi'i 1', in n;ise of Shares, Urok -'sNotloeOf £-> Hijutiu'.-, Daily , &5&-.Vi« Kill xOoverning Dishonest Practices 6.^' t^al' sHowMado .M'.' Set ret. Meetings 5tn Securities, Dealings in 54'.' f-Iieeiiiation. Warof 1813Gavo FirstGennlne ImpulsatT 5(9 Ftaiuiinjrt'onimitteos b-il Siiu"-'estion-iiii)d StatementafortlieCnIaformed.. .V)7 I'sc of tlie Ticker in IteportingSalesand Quotations 564-.TdT Wli'TeConfereneea are Held 5t for t'HrbonIc Aoidin 4riU Tout for I lard or Soft 4fi9 Teat for Iron In 4.'il) Test for l.linii In *'>V Tivt for iMagiiesl'iln 4.MI To Purity 4110 Wheels iW Water Kalis, Noted- Awe In llavnria 4ri.') Moiitniorencl 4h6 Niauiini , 4^1.5 stoppatriiof Niagara 471 Stiilibaeh InthuAlps 4.'>r> Yosemlte 4B,') Waterloo, Tlicllattlo ot *'M Wuvi>. Motion oftho 4tlH Wealth (d the liiiteil Sliiteaper Capita 4;i.'> Wcightid'a .Nlerchaiitable Hall of Cotton f)"ll and .Measures, Various 189-190, 1B5, 4lW Of aCiihiclootcd' Stone, Earth, Metal, Etc -i'M Of a cm. ie foot of Solid Gold orSUver 4riH West Indies, The , ;!II7 Whale, Ago Attained by 4.'i'i Wheel. Largest 111 the World 470 Whetstone, Artillclal 4"i7 White Hcaise, What itCoatstO Itunlt. » 4--' White .Metal, How to Make 4iW Whitewash.il I 'ire-proof 4IHI Wills, Stall luents mid Suggestions Z61-'.'."i!! Codicil and Niineupiilivi) . !.'"):.' liisposiiig of lloth lieal and Personal Estate, Oonoral Form of S.W :,'u;i I'ersonal Property Arcliiii'etiiral Uiiiiis in Thebes 4.*iii Cido>M inn at Homo 4iMi Enormous Statues , 4.'rt EiryiiilKii Pyramids ^.^...m, l.'iii P.aiipev's Pillar , 4.'iii i.l.inioii'sTempIe • 4ritl , jitiieof liter the G root 4"«i ' .'niploof Diana ,.... t.'ii'i Temjiloof Memphis « • 4riii Teniploot thcSiin ,, 4"iii Templuof Vpsambul , 4'>l'> T.iwernf Habel , 451) Wa>liiii.'ron Monument » .'1°-'.' White House, Washington '•>-' WonderaofS, i.iK e 4;^.' Wood. Artilici:il,To Make , , 4i'.ii Engraving, Tho lust I'l'i EiiorinoiisForceot when Wetted 4i>7 How to stain ,,., 4iKi Woofien liails , sa Woods. Ucl.itlvo Hardneasof , 4.'>t Toughness of Various ..* 4''i7 Worcestei^hire Sauce, Ueeeint for Making ...^ •.....• 4il'-' Horkmanship, Wonders Of Minute. «...<■ ••>•••. 471 Workshop Hint.< ^ iw »ren. Age Attained by «..•••••.• t. >..., Va 83 Yankee. Yankee Dondlc.. ,. ...<..i..t......r..>.>MM«.... Y'east. The Ucst Kind totae ,. Yellowstone Park, I)<«criptkXI Of tbe 4iSl Tpsambul, Temple of ..,..,......«..,......,,......•(,,., iX ZamAmi, Description ot ai4 Zinc .....,M> ..r.— M... SU Wenroindcbtedtotheownerof the Copyright of Secrets of Success In Business, copyright ?8a3byO. L. Howe«ndO. M. Powers, fbr rennLssion to use tho articles in this book on various fgibieotB that are on pages 37 to 63, lu to 153, l&4to21^S£toai&,28iito£89,8S6toa6i.8e6to414and479tu5«i3 inoluslve, OOILVIB ft QUJJITS OOMPANT, I ^ic a !P®4 ^"^'^l fe- HERE Is no easy road la success i— I thank God for It. • • • • A. trained man will maka h.s Ufa tall, Without training, you ars left an a ebs af luck, whara thousands gn down, whlla ona maats with succBss. JAMES A. G-ARFIELD. .*>^i*^ -m^' <>> s: I k ^<:^-^'^. HE pulijiH't nf tlio inniortiiiu'o of f,'0(](l writing i^ us liruail as iu luc licacliiiigoiitiii every (lii'et;lion,iiiul prrvii'.liiig every eonier of civilhietl .-t, up to the prac!lii'al aeeountaat, and onvM'.rd into that department of i)enman.>hip desigmittd a.i a lino art, the lemnneralioii is always very ample, con.iidoring tiie time and elIortre(pi;red in its acquisition. Teachers, editors, farmers, doctors and all persona sliould posse.-s a practical and substaiiti.il knowledge of v,-riling, and.^houhi be nady with the \w\\. i'.utincss men must of course bo ready writers, and heihc, in n treatise on liusiness, de.-igned for the education tind i'lvancement of tho youth of the country, it sjcnis eniiuuntly (Itting to iirst make tho way clear to a idain, practical handwriting. Neatness and accuracy should characterize tho liand-writ- iiig of every one. Roteh-wurk and bungling are inexcusa- ble, as well in writing us in fee tiaiL-action of business. No person has a light to eau-e a tinge of shame to their correspondent, by sendirg a lei'm- addressed in astiqiid a'ld awkward manner, nor to C(ii;.nUi.c the time of aiiniher ia deciphering theiilegible hool;sand .scrawls of a me^.-■:lge. Kvery one .shoultl have the ambition to ('ViVi-respectably i.s well as to uppvar ii'^pectable on any occasion. MATl.KIAI.s 1 -Ki) IN v;i;riK(;. Having a ?^uiiable desk or table, arranged with refer- ence to light, in order to learn to write, it is necessary to be proviiled with proper materials. AVriting mate '■^c. w rial- nil' tlic.-o' tiiiit'-< tliiit no cM'ii-c i' .'iirni'drd )'i r ii-iiiiir mi iiit'i'iicir nr w ciitlil(--» .|ii;ilily. 'I'lic iimtoriiiU <lii'l pens, iicv (1. old, pnidiu'i liner or rniii-cr iiiH'-. Nut witlist!iiidiii<.' tir-tMd\iiiiti|i."' in I'uor (if lll('i;ip|d pen. Mtccl pell-* lldlicrc to tlic p:ipcr, iliul pi'iidiK (' :i lii'tli'l' line. 'I'lic pell ^lio.lld lie !ld:ipl('(| to I 111' liiiiid of I 111' wrili'i'. Some persons i'(i(|uir<' ii course pen. Mild siillie fllie. 1'i!il>lii' pell- ill llii' ll.'llld ol (Uie writer lll.iy pl'odlU'e I lie lie-t resllil.-, wliilc II le-s lle\i- Me pell liliiy suit tlie lliilid of oilier- lie-t, I'ellS liro lliailllliel ilivil iif ;iin,ii-t llIl illllllile irrade llllil (plillily. Ill ol'ilii' til -nil the rei|llir('lllellt- ol' illl, Aliolll (lie Hilly rule that ean lie giNcn in M'leetiny pens, is lo wrile a tew lines, or a patro, with eiieli of the immis on trial, and then emiipare the wriliiii;-. if it lie slmded till! lii:r. il_\. -eleet a less tlexilile pen, if the liair line- are Inn delicate, select a ciiarscr pou. INK. lllai'h ink is always prel'eralilc. That wliieli is tVee tVolll -rdinient and lloWs well, should lie -elei'led. I'-e all ink--liiiil with lirnad lia.-e as liciniij- le.-s lialile In iip-ei. \\'iih ]ii'rsonsii! leurninir til write it i- pei'liap- hest ti) liinca (piality of ink wliidi is perfeelly lilaek when put on the paper, in order that they may -ee the rcsi.'ts (if their lalmr at luiee. l>n-ine-> men and aeeoniilaiit- prefer a llnid ink, liiiwe\'er. x\hiih, althoiiirh not lilaek at lirst , eoiitimies to erow lilaik, and lieinnies a very liriirht and dnralile hlaek, imlwilh- standini:' the aetimi nt' lii;']it and heat. A\(iid the n-e of t'aney colored ink-, especially the inoi'c iraiidy, siidi as liliie. red or irrceii. ill writinir all doeiimciits which )U de-ire to command attention and respect. PAPER. There are almost as many irrades of paper to lie fomid in the stationery stores, as there ave of |)cns. For pract ici nir penmanship, iiotliiiiir is more -iiitahle than foolscap, which may lie easily sewed into liook- form, with cover of some ditferent color, and tlius serves every requirement. The paper should have a medium surface, neither rouirh and coarse, or too line and ' stone, I he lUlt lines nt' the lieailtil'ill illiaire " ii'ill he is to ear\e. In writing;-, a clear idea of the fo. 'nation of the dilVcrcnt letters, and their various proportions, inii-t lieioine familiar liy proper study, examination .iiiil analysis. Study prcicdes practice, it i'-, (.f loiii'-c, not necessary, nor e\en well, to unil("tak(^ the inasicry of all the forms in writinii, liy study, until .-nine ha\i' liei'ii i'\eciiteil. It i- he-t that eacli fonn -lionld, a- it i- taken ill), be Ih'st measured and ana- lyzed and then praitircd at once. It i- (he act whldi crowns the thought. After stiiil\ . careful and eirncst practice can hardly fail to make a ifood writer of any one. .Some persons seeiii'c a irood style of penmanship with le-s labor than others, and attain to th(> elegant, and beautiful formation. But it is only '"lir to presume that ii.) greater diversity of talent exists in this dire(ti(iii tlum in the study of other things. All do not learn arithmetic or history wiih like ease, but no one will assert that all who will, may not learn arithmetic or history. .\nd so, all who will |. lit torth the proper exertion in study and prac- tic(i „i;,y l(.at'ii to write a g-ood business style, while many of the number will attain to the elegant, 'i'lie loiiditions of practice in writing are, Pimli(»i of tlie Boihj, Position of the Hand and Pen, and Murc- menl. i.i«4«v.v>igsja sH f UL'tti.Nt:.'tli .inn-nii iliiili'^k,i-*,ii-a I nilc. tliolit'-il position toriifmti(fiinvritiii^',or<(. I'- ll'. IMimlfiii'f. 'rill- ri.L'lit !-iili'. limy, liowcvcr, In- plarcd tollii'dc-'U. with th.'ii,i.'ht arm. oiiiy. rcstiiiif lluTi'oii, and r^dim' pcr-oin pri'lV-r tills position. Avoid i ro-invr the fi'i't, sittini: on the »•(!;.'•' ol' iho chair, or assuming,' any cai'dosMiittitiidf. The hody shoidd ho erect, hntsliL'ht- ly inclined lorwani. ii order that the eye may fol- low the pen closely. This position will never canso iMiMitnre of the spine. I he hody should never he allowed to -ettle down into a criuniK'd and nnhoa thy position with the lace ahnost on the paper. Hy liniscom- prc'sinfr flit' liin^rs and the di;:estive orjrans they arc soon inJnriMi, and il' tiic stomach lose il- tone, the eye- siirht is impaired, there is such a clo-e sympathy hetwei'n these or^ims ot' tlie liody. The practice ot' writinir sli' nld he. ami jiroperly is, a healthful exercise, and injurious elicit, result only from improper positions of the liody, at variance with jrood writiiiir as well a- L'ood health. ^\ lieu wearied hy sittinjr and the etl'o.t at SHADING. As a h<'anti(1er of the handwriting?, by eiuixlntr a iliversity of liirhl and shade ainonu the h'tter-, -liadinir has Its value; hut in the [uactical handwritini.' for husiiie" pnrpoM", il sIkuiIiI, as a rule, he cla-'cd with ilonrinhm^', ami left out. Ueipiirin^ time ami etl'ort, to hriny' down the ^hailcs on letti'r«, hu-ine»s nieii. clerks and tele^'iaph operat(M'^ tind a uuitonn and rci:n- lar stv'h" of writin;.', without 'hade. the hest, even tliiuij.'h il may m>l lie UNIFORMITY. nio-l necessary ele- hi all . throu;.'honl the paire; Imw ^M'cally it ■~ to nealnes- and .Ml letti'i's resting ine, and hcin^'i m ^PositioniBody While standing.*!} Q^r TiiE practical book-keeper fiiuLs it advantageous to do Ids writing while standing; in fact, wlicro large books are in use, and entries are to be transfciTod from one to another, the work of the book-keeper can hardly be i)er- formed otherwise than in a standing position, free to move about his ofEce. Cumbrous books necessitate a diiferent position at the desk, from that of the correspondent, or the learner. Since large books must lie squarely on the desk, the writer, in order to have the proper position thereto, must place his left side to the desk. The body thus has the same relative position, as if squarely fronting the desk with the paper or l)ook pluoed diagonally. In other words, th.; writer, Avhile cuiragcd in writing in large, heavy books, must adjust him- self to the position of the books. Slimdd the correspondent or bill dork perform his work while stauiling, ho would assume the same as the sitting position — squarely fronting the desk. LEGIBILITY. Children, in Icurningto \mt8, are apt to sacrifice all other good qualities of beauty, regu- larity and grace, for tbo quality of legibility, or plainness. "With some older persons this legibility is considered of verj' little consequence, and is ob- scured by ail manner of mcau- i.igless nourishes, iu ■which the writer takes jiride. In the esti- mation of the 1)usiness man, writing is injured by shades and flourislies. Tlie demand of this pnictical time i-a plain, regular style that can bo Mritteu rapidly, and read at a glance. | of letters may bo soon nuistcrcd or corrected. FINISH. By a careless habit, which many pei-sons allow them- .-.cives to tail into, they onut to attend to the little things in writing. Good penmanship consists in atten- li(in to siii.iil ilctails, each letter and word correctly formed, ni.;!.c.. the beautiful page. By inattention to the tiui-^h oi or.Q letter, or part of a letter of a Avord, oftentimes the word is mistaken foranother.andthc enlircmcan- ing changed. Particular atten- tion should be devoted to the finish of some of the small let- tei-s, such as the dotting of the i, or ( rossing of the t. Blend- ing tile lines Avhi( Ii form a loop, often cau>cs tlie letter to be- come a . tcm, similar to the t or d, or an e to become an i. In many of the capitiil letter.-,, the wail I of attention to th'j fiiiish of the letter converts it into another ordi'stroys its identity, siicii, for iustarue, as the small cross on the capital F, which, if left off, makes the letter a T. The AV often becomes an M, or vi'ri' '■, rsa, and tlie I a J. !Mis- takes in this regard are more the result of carelessness and inattention than anything else. By cneful practice a person will acquire a settled hal)it of giving a i)erfection to each let- ter and word, and then it is no longer a task, but is performed naturally and almost involun- tarily, whilethediirerencein the appearance of i] ' written jiage, as well as the exactness and cei- tainty of the meaning conveyed, may be incalculaldy great. "While practicing penmanship, or M"hile endca\oringto ooiToct a careless habit in writing, the mind must be upon the Mork in liand, and not be allowed to wander into fields of thought or imagination; by thus cr liining the attention, any defect or inipcr ection in the formation I i c" ■■Ml iiToet work •.I'd \o jj-lit or fiuiiii;' ■ct or /' ' nation v\ KUSINESS HTirnNO. :;;=>cv.^ ■*i^^^-- sito t!ic knuckle of the hand. An unnatural or cramped IKTsition of the hand, like such a position of the body, i.s on|K>.«e<] to irood writinir, and after many years of ofic»('r.a;;on and study, all teachers concur in the one pa^-itiou alMive described, as bein<^ the most natural, easy and irraieful for the writer, and as aifording the most fr«-e>iti<•-. ion. The demand of tli'.- mci. ii.iiit is. tliat hi.s clf-r'i shall not only write well, I. it with iai>i.liiy, and j f the volume of letters to be answcre.!, bills to be made j out, or iK^ms to be entered on the iiooks of ;i'cotiiit, I coiujK'l the clerk to move the t>;'ii with tlextirity and f rapidity, as well as skill. Wirile there is irreat diver- sity :(nion«: persons as to the rapid.ily as v,-(dl as qnality of iheir i)enmanship, some lieinij naturally nuu-e alert and active than others, yet by sectiring the proper posi- tion of the hand, arm and bo.ly, f ivorabh- to ei'.--e and frecJom of execution, then toiiosvini;' this with careful practice in movement, until all the\aried motions nec- essary in writiiiir are thoroiiifhly masti'red, the jierson may, with suitable etl'ort,ac(iuire the quality of rapidity in writinir, jrradiially increasing the speed until the desired rate is accomplished. BEAUTY. In the handwritiiiir, as in other things, beauty 13 larcrely a matter of taste and edu( ation. To the man of bti-inc-.^-i, tlie most beautiful handwriting is that which is writtc-u with case, a p.d expresses plainly and neatly the thoiujht of the writer. To tlu' professional (U* artistic taste, while such a \\\\w\ may lie regarded as "a good basinc~.» liand," it would not be<'onsidered as beautiful, (H^caiL-* it conforms to no rule as to proportion, s'lade, and .^|)acing. In the p-ractical art of writing, it is not verv untiir to mciisure its beauty I; rirelv by its utility, BUSINESS WBITINO. r (2.^ •♦- =€ MOVEMENT. ^ C^. iNOEU movement, oiMvritiiigln'thc iisiMif tliofiiiirfis as the motive power, iseTitire- \\ iniidcquiite to tlicreqiiireniciits ofljiisincss. 'I'lio liiiirers >ooii lic- coiiie tired, tlie liaiul heromes criiniped, the writing shows a lahored ellbrt, and lacivs freedom and ease so essential to jrooil business })(>nmansiiip. In the oflice or eonnting-room. M'iiere tlie clerk or correspondent ninst wrile tVom morning till night, the linger movement ol' course cannot he used. \\\\\\.X is designated hy writing teachers as tii(> ^\'holc Arm. or Free Arm ^lovcment, in which the arm is lifted free tVom tiie desk and completes the hotter witli a dash or a swoop, is necessary in ornamental pcmnan- sliip and Honrishing, hut has no j)lace in a practical style of bnsines.-. writing. The man of business would hardly stop, in the midst of his writing, to raise the arm, and e\-ceut(> an "off-hand capital," while cus- tomers .'ire waiting. But adapted to the practical pnr[)oses of business is tiie )ii>tscuh()' tnovemenl, in which the arm moves freely on the museles l)clow the elbow, and in cases of precise gAsv^- writing, or in the more extended letters, such as f, is assisted by a slight movement of the fingei-s. The third and fourth fingers may remain stationary on the (laper, and be moved from time to time, or between words, where careful and accurate Avriting is desired, l)ut in more rapid, free and flowing penirunship, the fingers should slide over the paper. MOVEMENT EXERCISES. Having everything in readiness, the student may begin his i)ractice on nu)vement exercises, the olyect of which is to obtain control of the pen and train the muscles. Circular motion, as in the capital O, reversed as in the capital W, vertical movement as in I", long s and capital J, and the lateral motion as in small letters, mu>l each be jjracticed in order to be able to inoNc the pen in any direction, up, down, or .siilewise. The simplest exercis*! u\ movement. Try to follow around in the same line as nearly as possible. Do not shade. The same exercise, only with ovals drawn out and and slight shade added to each down stroke 4a2fi> Sides of ovals should be even, forming as nearly a straight line as possible. Reverse the movement as in third form. :^ it as in I BUSINESS WRITING. Tlio following three exercises embrace the essential elemonts In capital letters, and should at first be made large for purposes of movement : Capital O, down strokes parallel. Capital stem. Down stroke a compound curve. Shade Iom-. Finish with a dash. Capital loop. Curves parallel. First curve liiirhcst. Ilavinir su(»ccednd to some extenl with those exercise^, the learner may next uudertakc the vertical movement. In order to (il)t:iin tiie laleral nioviMUcnt, which enahlcs one to write lonir words without lifting the pen, and in()\(' easdy and gracel'ully across tiie page, exercises like the I'ollowing slioiild lie practiceil- Down >trokcs ^.traiglit. Kven and resting on line. III all ni.ivcnicr.t exci'i ise-; the third and nxiith iinirers should slide on th(^ ])aper, and the tinger n"o^■emcnt should he careftdly a\-oidcil. The diU'erciif niovenients having been practiced, they may now he combined in various forms Latei-al and rolling mo\-emeni .'omhined. Vertic:;! nidvemcnt and rolTmir movenie'.il londiined. Do not shade the circles. Lines should he parallel. Movement cxereises may he midtiplied alnio-f indefniitely hy .-tudyin!> the forms u>cd in M'riting and their condiinalions. l\(>pcatinu many of t'.ie small htter-, sueh as m, u, e, r, s, a, d, h and ?, also capitals D, J, P, etc., forms an excellont exercl.-;) for tin: le;:;-i;'i'. PRINCIPLES IN WRITING. In order to enable the learner to ex i;;ii:'e, amdyze and < rillci c !ii> writing, t'.ie following principles are given as his standards of measureuicnts :i:i 1 form. By I'omhining them in viuions v.-ays the essential part of all fetters in the alphabet may be fo^ ..u d. lc^57 '^'i^ principles must he fust carefully studied, and separated into ilie pnnKiiy lines which compose tliem and tnc form of each principle well understood. The student may then form a. scale like the one following, bv BUSINESS WHITINO. y diviiliii!.' till' ilistiiiicc lu'lwocii tlic liliic lines on the p.'ipor into lour equal spacer, with a li-rlitly ruled line. Tlu letters of tlie small alphabet should then he placed in the seale and the hisrht of each h'tter fixed in the! mind. if :. ../^J.11jL1 ZZZj OSO. rrr^f^gfe^ Noliee that the contraeted lett"'i's. or tliose whieji oceupv' oidy one spaci'. as a. ni. n, o. s, \-, w and e, and that part of d, IT, h, i| and y, found in the first space, aic all widl roinnicd and devcdopeci. 'I'hese letters and parts of letters, found in the lirst -pace, I'orui the essential par! of all wriiini;-. and liierefoie deserve espei ial care. Also notice that *he loop Ictlcfs, alio\c Ihc line, -avAx a- h. f. Ii, k and I, extend two and one-half sjjaee-, ahove the l)lne line, while the loop helow the line, such as (.r, t", J, ' y and /, extend one and one-half spa^'cs helow liie blue line, thus two and one-half and one and one-half niajvinir the four sfjiiees of the scale, and the u)>pcr loojis on one line will just meet the lower loojis of the line ahox'e, hut never eonllict, to fl;o destruction of neat liody writinir. Notii'i' tlu' type of the printer. 'I'he extensions al)o\-ethe shoi'ter letter."* iire ([uito iusiiTiiifieant , and are only tised to savi' the letter from resemhlin;.'- some other letter of the alpliahef. Thcv never conflict, and how leyiljle \.\\c\ an-. -0^1^2^1-1^ The Tyi)ey, A Kes'.Mnbhiucc. An Ab-surdity. Besides, to make louir loojis, requires more time, and more power with the pen, while shorter loops are in ev(>ry way easier to acipii:.', .jnicker. and better. Tideirraph operators, tionie of whom are among our best business penmen, niaUe all extended lettei-s very short, while iicoonntants, .-md business men, favor the style of short loops, well developed letters, and .small ea])ilals. Apply tlie pi'ineiples. Observe regularity. Muscular movement. Down strokes straight. Up strokes '.'urved. Principle No. 1. Well formed loop. These exercises should bo practiced with the muscular movement, until they can bo made with rcirulanty and ease. 4th principle. Let 3d and 4th fingers slide. Notice the top. O closed at top. \o retracing. Two spaces liigli. Down stroke strai'^hf. ,^C^^L 'fT ^ / A rnie in ^vriting may bo laid down, that all small letters should commence on the blue lino, mid end one sjiace hi^h. (t n ■. iinil lli.'it I I jiiid part- |» icnal I'iirc. 11 inccs ahdvc \l' ;;.■(•> lu'ldW 1 llip upper ion of iK'iit -iirMificiint, LT conflict, i loops are in ig our best ' ^ tiio style of rf'inilarnv 7^.- ■ ^ / (1 end ono .([ r nrsiNF.ss AvuiTmo. Discover fiic principles. Avoid rctraciiijr. Notice t'orni. In w, last |iart narrow. >.Iai^--" v^^^^ lielracin".' i< an error. The only exception to tliis is in il, t, p and x, wlicn^ it heconus necessary. e^^-a4y;^2^^/7-^/''r77^,7^^'n^y^i^^^^^^ Jm^ J^yn^^u7yn^^/yi^y^y^' ^^-^^^/^^^^^V'-'^^/^C^' ,11 ''zwuy^iay^'?'?^^^ Upper loops iiii, (hoir crossing at tiie liiglil ot' one space, while lower loo[is <'ross at the M . iin( /^/^^:^-truAy/2/-t^Z^^yU^^^. -^/^'Uy^t^ \*\ I?! iSl '/t^i4dyM^/^^an^/^/i^y^^^^^ I'liice the capital letters on the scale, analyze Ihcni aceordnig to )iriiici[)les (i, 7 and cS, and notice their relative pi-opcn-tions. ^^^^^^ m -T^- TZl ^2 ^ .... — ■■'■y"^: ^z:^2i r^:^' jK:yL^A i-V- UtHz in order to practico capital letters (o iidvantaire. as well ;,. io suidy Iheiii, colI(>i( i:i n prnnp or fatJiily ail those Utters wliich have soino one form or [irincipLi ;..-. an c-siuilial part. Taice lirst ihc I'nii principle, or ovai, Huu we groui) the letters as follows: rt^i-^ '^'~ ."'^? ^ ■; ■^■S-'.^.^ •- '':' !1 _. ....^ ,.»t.f^. The cvcoUeuc© of an oval depends largely on its fullness and roundness. No corners or t^at «i(}eft. I -! !^ I IU>IM:>.s WKITINCi. l)owii strokes parMlld. ("apitnl I) i- a ("iqiilal () with a knot on the lower roriier €y O.^^/^ (J^^j^a^^ G^u^J^^U>^^uyy^'MiJa/2/7^a^l^^ fy^U/T'Z^y (jytcsy?y^-fyL The letters in which tlio caiiital stem, er Ttli iniiiciplo, I'ornis a Icndiiii,' part, may he g-t'oupcd as follows: I lu the II and K, tlio capital stem is alnuot strai-iii (m tlio down stmko, in the F and T it is little more of a ; wave line, and in S and it the lino is much of a coniponnd or doiilile curve. I ,^^ .^<^Va^^yi^ ^/A^^^yt^ ^^'//y^^T^ '^^ /^T^ /^^ /J7^ /^^ >^ ^:^a';^^^^<^y>' ..^^.^Z^y^^^^Ty-^^^^ j^ ^d/yyiyyyy^^>7^ jt^4^t T ^r^ .^ya^^^/?na^ The oapitnl 1, and also the J, -which is u moditlcd I, are sometimes classed among the capital stem letters, from t!ip resomhknoc of the I to tliis primlplo in all hut tiic top. /Z ^/ruU/i^yuu-:^'^Ct^J^a^'^z^'^f^^^ i^^ The capital loop, or Mil pruinplo, is found as an o>=ential cleinont in wor corner. tie more of a stem letters, BUSINESS WRITING. In tho ciipitiil 1()()|), or 8th principle, another oval may bo made within the largo turn at the top, but lor practiral purposes tho letter is perhaps better without it, and may be simplified even more, as in tiie N below. 0^^ /^. '.^^^ FIGURES. Make figures small, neat, and of form exact. Each figure must show for itself, and cannot be known by those which precede or follow it, sut is tho case with letters. The common tendency is to make figures too large and coarse. ^lind tho ovals in figures and have them full and round. The chief excellence of the zero lies in its roundness; tho 3, 5, 6 or 9, without care in making tho ovals, may degenerate into a straight line, or simply a meaningless hook, which it would hardly bo safe to uso in expressing sums of money, ordering goods, or tho transaction of other business. ^p-* •I COPIES FOR PRACTICE, i*^^ - i^~rii %n Having proceeded thus far in the study and practice of writing, and having obtained the proper control of tho pen through +ho movement exercises, all that is necessary now in order to seeing a good handwriting, is continued and wcn-directed practice. p/00^ 'x^^^. j7 yr %^dr !l 1 ^jy^'y^-J^ \ iiAi;.Mi.\(i and fasH-inating arc thoprracofnl and ■''^"•'^'~- '(^ |V liaitiMiiiioijs curvos produced, wlicn, wielded l>y soiiH' fiMincd ami skillful haml. tiu' pen bocnnies an mstrnmeiit of htaiify. As In* llio pdwcr (^tag. Ornamental writing is not a practical art, ami ha.s no connec- tion wliatever with tiie practical bu.-ino?s of life. It is in the realm of poetry. The imagery of graceful outlines must first be .seen by a poetic imagination. While the great masses may acquire a good style of plain, practical penmanship, fvw have the necessary conception of mind, combined with the skill and dex- terity of hand to become successful ornamental penmen. The ornamental pages which follow are given, not as models for imitation or practice by the learner, but merely to .show the jws- sibiiities of the pen in the hand of a ma.ster, and as a fitting closing to this, our chapter on ))enmanship. To any one who may Iwnc an artistic quality of mind, and delights in beautiful lines and harmonious curves, these pages of ornamental penmanship wdl .serve as models for practice and imitation, and c\-ery attem|)l at suau1iful designs or pictures may be made with the ]>en, in the hands of one that posses.ses the skill ot a penman and the e)e of an artist. ^ -. iiv; .n__ JIUHINKMH KOHMS, USINESS -i'? ORMS. In tho transnotion of biisinoss, men have found it noccssary to ailopt certain forms or written instruments whicli are passed from one party to tho otlier a-s evidence of tho transaction, or intention of tho i)artios. These aro called Husiiic'^s J'ljrms, and are ia such extensive use that every pei-son shojdd become familiar witli their form and peculiarities, no matter how limited their business experience may chanco to bo, and no one should presume to affix his si^c^^^z<*^eX ■0LnM£^QMm!iui^- as HE dates on tho left of the bill are used to show when eaeh servieo was perfonned, but in ease tho bill is rendered immediately after the labor has been eoni])leted, no date is then nerossary hero, tho date at the he«d of the oill will suflioe. If labor is eharfjed for by tho day or hoin*, the number of days or houi-s and tho price of each must be put down. When tho bill consists of one item only, it should be l)laced in tho total column, but when several items, then* sum only siiould bo extended into this colunni, as in the above bill. When the bill is paid, it should be receipted by writing lieceived Payment, and signing the name, by the maker of the bill, and is then passed over and beh)ngs to the party paying it, and should be care- fully jn'oseiTcd as iiis receipt. In malting out a bill of any kind, it is alwap best to obsene those conditions which give perspicuity to the writing. Any paper that is neatly drawn has a certJiin prestige as compared with such as arc; rendered barely intelligible, either from bad or careless writing, or have their sense killed by brevity. Every item should appear full and plain, and if there be occasion for expressing numbers and prices in the bod}' of the bill, as already indicated, these ought to be so -vvi'itten in, as to be easily read and uudei-stood. Sufficient room must be taken to write tho matter in so that no part of it may be mistaivcn. If indeed it ho necessary to economize siMiro in tho body of (lie bill in order to set down all that is desired, the writing UiUst of coui-se bo smaller and tho lines closer togetlier. In a bill of goods, which is mado similar in f r'u to the above, tlie price of articles that are enumerated in a single line is sometimes written immediately above each article in small figures, then the several amounts are added together and set down in the colinnn in wliich the simis of items are shown. To avoid much crowding of matter in small space, it is usual among most business men to have the foi-m of the bill head printed upon paper of different sizes, large as well as small. Generally the same fomi is printed on longer sheets, without any increase of width. lyiucli time is absorbed every day in most departments of active })usiness, by reason of careless or inacciu'ate making out of l)ills. The sending back and forth to have bills corrected or explained, often affords an excuse for delay in the payment of a bill, and sometimes pro- duces unpleasant friction between business men as well as the disadvantages which arise from lack of prompt settlement. irt of it may nwe in the is desired, the lines ch is made rticles that ics written urcs, then et down in lown. null spaoc, the form ent sizes, le fomi is icrease of |)artments inaccurate forth to an cxense imcs i)ro- 'H a.s well f prompt ■':■■ ui;»ifi£tia I'OiiMs. FORM OF A MERCHANTS BILL. All Otolma Car Paniff or HhortoKo uiutt bo inatio within 5 limjt from the re««lpt of the CMiadfc Folio 9f4 Salesman — ^^•-^•^•. ^^^ke. ''■^r,yt>, (^^«4*t<*^ //^^'(^S^. "P^u^ f Feankun MagVeaoh & €o., AVHOLESALE GROCERS, Tennai Caah. Claoovmta: Two per oent If t^'ii. at our offlM atrlcUjr within 10 daya. a >^f/ When n hill has been paid by note, or otherwise than by cash, it should bo so stated on the bill. As in the above bill one-half is paid by note and cash given for the balance. Instead of allowing the note to draw interest, the merchant usually prefere to include the interest in the face of the note, and then have the note written without interest. In this case the interest must be charged in with the goods as in the above bill. Wholesale merchants and jobbers send a bill with each purchase. Retail merchants usually render a bill on J^ the first of each month for the past mouth's purchases. When l)ills have ])oen reuJcrcd for gootls sold from time to tiine during the month, it is customary where settlements are made monthly, to render at the close of the month, what is called a Statement. This is a sjniop- sis of all of the bills rendered during the month, show- ing only the total amounts of the several bills, together Avith the dates, etc., but not specifying the various articles sold. This sJ^lopsis of the monthly account enables the merchant to check over the various pur- chases and readily ascertain the conectuess thereof before settlement. i: ii ' t Jtll ^^: '^ Q e e i p t s ■■J ^t^ kw^^^' i)^«- 'iiKN nioiioy IS imid for tlio Hottlpiuout of dobt, or ti) apijly on 11 debt or cliiini, for llio piiy- inoiit of rout, or for payment ailvimced on ti contnut, a receipt should always be taken. Never fail to take a receipt unless you liavo Honio other cvideuco of pajniicnt ho tliat a re- ceipt becomes unnecessary. Parties may die, witnesses move away, and memory fail, and then, in settling ni) tlio estate, yon may l)e put to troiilile ami lo.xs unless armed with a receipt. As a rule, every one liavini,' liusim --i wilii otlicrs, whereby money or its e(|iii\aleiit is passed, sluudd rerpiire a receipt, which ouL'lit to be (piickly friven, iis .' i\ 1 ..I :i' 1 :il if lie will I a matter of course. |)o mil iisk any one it .. liMve a receipt for \iiliic; reiuKn' it at oii Avhat date the riMit is paid. FOR PAYJIKNT OS A CONTRACT. 1500. PiTTSiirunii, Nov. 18, 1884. Received of Watson D. Brown, Five Hiindrod Dollur.s, being the lir.st iiistallinont paid on a contract to build for him a brick dwelling house ut No. 933 Vine street. CoLBUKN & Dewey. I'OU MONKV TO AI'l'LV OS ACCOUNT. If 100. Omaha, Neb., Jan. 10, 1884. Uocciveil of .JoJHi W. Siiiitli, Oiio lluiulied Dollars, to ii[iply on account. II. M. WiNSLOw & Co. IN Fi;i,l, or AIX DEMANDS. *38.0r). Drrnorr, Mich., Jan. IG, 1884. Uoceivcd of Peter Hind, Thirty-Eight and 05-100 Dollars, ill full of all demandB. ' J. AV. IIuNTEli. FOR RENT. *--25. Coi.LMBUS, Ohio, May 1, 1884. Rocoivwl of II. D. Soutbworth, Twenty-Five Dollars, for rent of dwelling No. 187 Elm street, from May 1st to June 1st, 1883. jAMEd S. Goodrich. TO APPLY ON A NOTE. 1150. IlicuMoxn, Va., Jiuio Ist, 1884. Roccivcfl of Wm. L Irwin, One Hundred and Kfty Dol- lars, t<> upjily on his note for JiGOO, duo August 3il, 1883. James Duncan. n-^- I loxs imli'ss lIL'ttlNKHH I'UUUH. IlKOKIIT VOH NTOCK TO WIXTKII. I'AKKKIl. Ill . N..\. m, l«fi3, Ifcccivwl from Jiioknon WckmI, Iajii Iu'smI nf lioriuil cuttlo, imnic'iy four i'hwm and m\ y<""iK oxen, tojji'ilicr with lliroo liorM'H, iind ll\(! >\riiu', \Tlii(^h I iiroiiiiso In \nv\> lliniii;;li tin- Miiiliraml iVf*! with i^dihI huy, corn, ctf., urnl ri'turii in wxxl ciinililion, on tliu lil'tcontli day of April ni'xt, ciiMUullioH I'.xi'clittHl, hii inlying inu oi^ht liolliirM cite!! for tlio i^iltlo iind liorHi'H, ami t>\\v dollui' and lifty cont* each for tliu Hwine. \Viti«;s« my hand. John Sciiuodku. IlKOKIIT TO UDAJUIIAN FOK TAVMF.NT OV ACCOUNT OF IIU WAllU, tViO. Mii.WAiKKE. Wis., May M, 1H84. Kt'coivcd from .Tolin Hell, >,'naropivcd of Au;;uHt Ki.^cher, the sum of Tlirce Dollars and Sev('nly-Ki\c Cents, in full on insurance prciniiini in A. .,.Fuly 111, 18«4. Ileccive*! Nineteen Dollars of tin' Twenty Ki\c Dollars du.' on Anthony White's note of Five Hundred Dollars, to onhr II. Hanker; Baid 130 being due .Fan. P.", '84, halaiice, *•;. to Ih' paid Jan. 30. Ciiaui.es (iuEENoiuii. ron I'AVMKNT OF rilltCII.VMK MONEY. Kniiii' nil Mill III/ llirnf /'ir.srut.i; That I, Allicri I'iiKT, of (icncvn lioreby ackiiowl(;dj.'o the receipt from Aimer I'ick, of Hatavi... of Si.x Hundred Dollars, being tlio last |taynient, and in full, of tweUe tliou.-and dullar-", d Aimer I'ick paid as the consideration of the piircha.'e ertain tract and iiareel of land situate in etc., (as by said Abner I'ick paid as the consideration of the piircha.'i of a lertain tract and narcel of land situate in — in the agreement, hoiul or conveyance described) That the entire sum of tbosi.x hundred dollars aforesaid, and overv part thereof, I do, by these presents, for me, inv heir-', c.xeculors, and administraiors, aci|Uit and discharge said Abner I'ick, his lieirs, executors, and administrators forever. In witness, etc. Alueut Pipeii. ANOTIIKU. Roccivcxl this fifth day of November, of the within named Abner Pick, the sum of Six Ilundreil Dollars, l)cing the full consideration and purchase muuey witUiu mentioned remain- ing to bo paid me. Witness : George Whitney. Aluekt Pii'EU. -•-I- \ « a tfoEMHaWe ^t ;? Ih LAW GOVERNING RECEIPTS. m^ I' _(r'iH2- UECEIPT IS not certain proof of payment. It nuiy bo iuDiwrativo from mistake or fraud, and is open to explanation or contradiction. In this resfiect releases differ from receipts. A release cannot Ix) contnulictal by evi- dence, oxce{>t on account of fraud, but if the words are ambiguous, the law jwnnits the introiluction of evidence that the meaning may bo determined. An entry in the books of tho creditor showing u payment is not a receipt. A release is in tho nature of a contract, and must bo taken to mean what it has set down in writing, unless for rea- sons alromly indicated. A receipt that contains any writing to the elfcet of an agreement as to tho use to bo made of the sum paid — as if it bo paid beforehand on tlio score of future transactions — is legal, and not i» be modified by {)arol evi- dence. Where a receipt is taken for a noto received in payment of an account, it will not always constitute a defense to ii> action on tho account, unless it should bo proven that the creditor consented to take tho noto in payment, and assume the risk of its being paid. A receipt for the consideration money in a deed of real proixjrty is generally conclusive as against tho seller and hU privies. Where a payment is nnulo in a particular kind of money or a promissory noto of another [lerson, it is frcii-alfratii)U!?. iiidiK'o iiio.-t liusiucss men aiul m iloiiiir il c-oiisidiialilc cash business, to V?^ Ii'f :■'! i' close (if t <- ■ *«' ■•(■(i lav's liu~ii>c's-,, ilepo-it the liulUot thocasli I rei ■! ■•. <';■;• I i.i" ilay, reserving a riutBcicnt sum on liauil tv) meet 'Le imiuediate nced-^ ofevcniuir or morn- FORM OF A BANK CHECK ing. This extensive use of the banlc as a place of deposit, has brought into equally extensive use the Bank Check as a method of payment, until it would now be exceedingly diSicult if not impossible to transact the business in the irreat centers of trade, if all pa_\nnents were retpiired t< be made in currency itud coin, handled and cotmted. ^J^^?/y/(^.f/^i^t<^^^^k The merchant, ha.ing a depo>it in the bank, and bei.ig supplied witii a book of blank checks, writes out .1 'heck for the payment of his obligations. The \ per>-:,i r-^'ceiving this check may transfer it by indorsc- ■ nil nt to another (see Indoi-sements), and thus it may p!;->s through several hands, and discharge several debts, before it finds its way to the bank on which it is ditiwn, and is then charged up to the merchant and canceled. The pei"son who writes the check is called the drawer, the cue to whom it is made payable is called the payee, and the pei-son Avho writes his nanio on the back of it is called the indoi-ser. BUSINESS FOKMS. In filling ont a check the amount should Iw exprc*>€l)end upon i)oor styles of chocks, poor paper used, and I'.wkward tilliu"- out. CERTIFICATE OF DEPOSIT. Should ii person depositing money in a bank not desire to dniw it out by cheek, ho may receive from tho bank a Certificate of Deposit, showing date, name of depositor, and amount of deposit in the following form: FORM OF A CERTIFICATE OF DEPOSIT. ;:»<' ^"■1 7//f/rM€j:^aiiA 'A^iZ/Z/rzii;/^^^^^^ m ^mm^^m ij*«**^*4s4fii«i*i n^ J^my <• LAW GOVERNING BANK CHECKS. -^^^^ CMF.rKs are L<> l)c presented for jiayiueiit without unreason- ahlc delay. 'I'heru is no payment by i;ivinL: a check unless tiie chock is }iaul. The jiarty on whom a check is drawn is obliged to honor it if he has fluids belonging to the drawer in hand. Until disiioiiorcd IL nnist he regarded a-s payment. The drawer of a chetJv lia.s no occasion to complain of the jjoi'son (holiier), to wiwim lie hits given a check, for not exer- cising dili,',ence in presenting it at tlie bank, because, if the bank fail after he could have got his money on the check, the loss is siiftaiiied liy the holder. If the laidc before he j)rcscnts his cheek pay out all the money of the Jrawer. on other chocks, he may then look to the drawer. A bank must know tho writing of its deiK)sitors. If it pays a check that is forgcd.it is liable for tho loss. If a chock Ijo drawn when the drawer r.eiLlier has funds in the l)ank, nor litis made any arrangonieiit by which ho has i'- right to draw the check, tl.e drawing of it is a fraud. A check not drawn within tho state where the bank is situ- ated, is suijject to tho law governing !)ill.s of exchange, — the holder of it must jaotest in writing, usually through a notary, against all parties liable for any lo.ss or damage by tho nou- jiayiueiit of it. Joint doiiositors must join in a check, and if any of the num- ber iibscond.s, tho remainder may draw the money by iwrmis- sioii of a court of eciuity. The drawer of a cheek is not ijound with and for another, as is tho drawer of a bill, but a principal debtor, like a maker of a iiot.e. An ordinary check is male payable to a certain jier.son or bearer ; this is to guard against loss or theft, since no paymeut will be made unless the [layee writes his name on tho clieck. If a check is jiaiil by a bank i)cf()ro receiving notice of the death of a drawer, the iiauk is not lilamable or responsible. If a check is given in [iros[icct of death, it must Ijo presented and paid while tho donor is alive, because his death countermands his clieck. Othsrwiso, the holder o' a cheek woiilil present it for acceptance to tho legal representatives of tno deceased. D-^'. BUSINESS FOUM8 J mk"^^^ jJU HEN an account or claim has been adjusted, ap J the amount due from one party to the other dofinitely agreed upon, an acknowledgment of this indebtedness may be made in writing, to prevent further controversy, and this written acknowledgment of indebtedness is called a Due Bill. If a due bill is payable in merchandise or property, it should state the exact quantity and quality, for if nothing 's said as to how payable, it is presumed to be payable in money. The date also should be given. The words or order may bo inserted in the due bill immediately after the name, and would thus make it negotiable by indorsement, the same as a note. FORM OF A DUK BILL, /yj-^. ■j^ys, yj^cp'j. ^mM This form of paper differs from a promissory note, wiiich latter usually contains a promise to pay, at a time specified therein, a sum of money to a certain per- son, or to his order, for value received. PAYABLE IN MEatCOAN'JISE. 180. Omaha, Neb., Jan. 10, 1884. Due A. S. Woradell, or order, Eighty Dollars, payable in merchandise at my store. James Hume. PATABLE IX WHEAT. Monmouth, 111., May 10, 1884. Due Henry Seymour, or order. One Thousand Dollarf nay- able in No. 1 Spring Wheat, at the market price when deliv- ered. Edward A. Hudson. I. o. u. * Another form of acknowledgment of a debt is used, and is known by tiie abbreviations I. O. U. It is dif- ferent from a promissory note, being merely evidence of a debt as a result cf a contract previously made. A miiiiaturo form of si'fh an obligation is as foUovs: $30. B.VY City, Mich., March 12, 1«84. John Smith, Ivsq., I. O. U. Thirty Dollars. JiVJiE.s Hood. ;!i! II I ( BUSINESS rOKWS, ^^prluppn^,^ ■ prI lB ppny^^|pfll,r ■ P'"uJi:■"'upp a u^ | JJ ■l ^t^ | p<|'u^,^j>kA ■ ^j g L^^jj'""f'p'^^'P romissory S.^J-.-'JI-J'-'-l-u-'.V l l i rf J^ il ^•"'' '^"-' '^"■'' '^ •'^ rf . 1n„ i rf,tn„ .■f,ir,„,rfJn,rfJrmrf,Jn i urtjavurJO-i , ^Jn„rtLln.,rfjnr j. - . T would be Impossible to carry on the cntcr- prisi's liiul business of the -world without credit. Credit, or mutual I'iiith, lies not only at the foundation of business, l)ut also of our iroveriunent and institutions, and it is only when, ))y over enthusiasm , spec- ulation, and the ex- treme use of credit, that the people have their faith shaken, and panic and disaster ensue. Tliis credit, whicii forms a portion of the capital of almost every business man, does not always consist of booic accounts, but may taice on the tangible foraa of a written ]n'omiso to pay, and is then called a promissory note. The extended and varied use of this form of credit is beyond all power to estimate or control. It repre- sents ail forms of senMce, all articles of merchandise, and especially all frrcat works and interests, as manu- fiictorics, ships, railroads, public and private contracts, as well as public debt. A housekeeper's passbook is balanced by a note at three or six months, while the retader buys goods of the wliolesale merchant and settles with his note; the jobber receives notes from the wholesale merchant, and the former gives notes to the manufacturer or producer; notes are given for raw material by the manufacturer, Avhile the factor is already under acceptance to the grower, and the notes of the latter are given to the bank long before his crops are gsithered. The sugar from Havana or our OAvn shores, has notes in sets 2'i'edicatcd on it before it is rolled in hogsheads from the vessel to our whancs, and it continues to accumulate notes as it passes through on its way front the refiner to the grocer. After it has gone into the moutiis of c(>nsmners, its notes arc still alloat, iu)t settled, in the market. The millions of notes thus carried ou the market, serve to represent untold millions of dollars of value, no matter what the form, nor what the condition. Notes may be for services yet to be performed, goods to be delivered, or oven for some form of life as yet uidiorn. Tliis tbrm of credit is spread out all over llic region of active business, and serves between man and man as currency. It passes current like the notes of a bank tiiat docs not suspend. It dillris from baiUv liills only in tiiis, that it is transferred by indorsement, and ma- tures at a »tated subsequent time, while the indorsers are liable to the owner in ctuse of non-payment by the maker. It is a species of currency forced upon the sj)hero of active life from actual necessity, and its use in good faith has been of incalculable advantage to tlie civilized Morld. For example, a man of sound mind, of known integrity, and strong will, may be credited and intrusted with a large sum of money, for which he simply gives his promissory note, even wjtiiout security. His creditor has confidence in iiim l)ccanso he is the possessor of reason and common sense, and iias a disposition, coupled with a will to meet all obligat ions, or force an undertaking to succes.s. A pronnssory note is a written or printt^d i)ro;uiseto pay a certain sum of money at a sj>ecitied time, or on demand, to a person therein named, or ins order or assigns, or to the bearer. The per.son signing the note is called the maker, and the person to whom it is made payalilc is called the payee. The person v .lO writes his name across the back of the paper is called an inJoi'ser. Notes are said to be negotiable when they are transferable from one person to another by indorsement, iuid when in*v*K*^*»X«!«fi!S^^ A fonii of a Xogotiable Note is here shown, by whieh may bo seen at a glance the difference between that and a Note not Negotiable, as appeal's below. The fii-st is written "pay to the order of H. AV. E." (otherwise "pay to II. W. E. or bearer"), while the other reads " pay to John D. Hendci-son." The negotiable note is payable to the person holding it at the time of maturity, but the one not negotiable is payable to the particular person in whose favor it is drawn. A Produce Note is on(> written to the puri)ose of a delivery at a certain time and place, or on demand, cer- tain named articles of value, at current nites, and to a limited amount. The maker of .such a note must be prepared to prove that he was ready at the time and place expressed therein, and continued ready, to deliver the articles; otherwise, he may have to pay their \iilue in money. A produce note may be assigned. A note that is given over and above the principal NOTE NOT NEGOTIABLE. /^s/. S^. ■e^fo^ ^^^^^^ ^/irr-^d rrj^l^yf- ^t^'^ (^rV^'*^^^^'^^^ -^ ^^'f^'?■f -^ judgment obtained at once, upon which execution may i'- i i "J < i 1 ; • ! i- 1 ; lirsiNKSS KOUMS. DEMAND NOTE. AV^^. (Q... .^.. A -ri-A— fc. \>>\\\'. It usually contaius ninny stipulations as to the time (if coufcssiuir the judirnicnt, against a[)i)(>al, and dtliiT ronuHJii's for ^ottin^ thii judirnicnt aside, etc. When a promissory note is written payable on de- mand, it is called a Demand Note, as shown by the fcnn. Such a noic, not known to have been dishonored, is rea-ui-ded dverduc after a reasonable time, and, in deter- miuinir what is a reasonable time, the eireumstances of a ease must Ije eoiisidereJ. In some states the period within whieh the note shall not be overdue, is tixed by statute. When there are two or more makers to a promissory note, it is eallcd a Joint and Several Note. The makers may be liable thereon jointly, or jointly and severally — eaeh one separately — aecordinir to tiie (eiuir of the note. (See form.) A Joint Note reads " we j)romise to pay," etc., value reeciveil, and is si -Va-g- t^XUfe:^ ^=-v- NOTE is piiyablo iit all events, not ileiienilcnt on imy cou- ffi tiiij^'oiicy, nor piiyiiblo from any siwcial fund. And it is ''^ jiayalilo in money only. No purtienlar form is necessary to promissory notes. A promise to pay the money, or be resiwusible for it, is cinito suftk'icnt. A promissory note is never made under seal. It is not com- plete until il is delivered. If any contingency that affects the promise itself apjHjar on its face, it is not negotiable. lu drawing the note, the payee must bo designated, unless tlie note be nuulo pay.ible to hearer. It may reiul "I promise to pay to my own ordiT," and then it would not be effective until signed and indorsed by the promisor. If a note is not dated the time is computed from the day a ku(iwle(lgo of it is first gained. If there be any difference l)etwfen the amount in figures and that written in words, the words control. A note does not bear interest until after it matures, unless so written. One who cannot write should have a witness vrhen he makes liis mark. Bumk notes are a kind of promissory note, and issuhig from an institution that is regulated by law, they do, by common consent, and for oixlinary business purposes, serve as money. Bank notes or bills are good for the payment of debts, if not objected to by the iwrson to whom they are offered, and on the ground that they are only promissory notes, and not legal tender. The necessary consideration of a note or negotiable paper is that which confers some benefit upon the person who makes a promise or njwn a third party at liis instance or request , or some disiulvantagc or loss sustained by the one in whose behalf the promise is mivle. A note as a present is void for lack of consideration. A note is void if procured from the maker wliilo he was in a state of intoxiciition. If a note be given on Siuiday, or if it be founded on fraud, it is void, unless in the hands of a bonafde holder, purchiising before maturity and without notice. One who has notice that a note is vitiated by fraud or upon legal grounds, and yet takes the note, he places himself hi the same jx;rilous position of the {)erson he got it from. A note is not negotiable when it is nuido payable to a cer- tain person only. It nuiy bo transferred by assignment. In most states a note that is not negotiable may be trims- ferred liy assignment, and the si't-offs and defenses existing between the original parties go with it. Payment must bo demanded ujion the hist day of grace. If that day falls on Sunday or a legal holiday, the denumd must be made the day before, fresentmcnt of a note must be mude by the iiolder or liis authorized agent. A written denuuid sent through the post-otHco \rill not suffice. If no time is siiecitied, a note is payable at once. If a note bo payable at a certain place, it must bo presented at such pla(;o on the day it is due, in order to charge iin indorser. Payment nuist Iw demanded during business hours at the place of business of the maker or at his house at sea- sonable hours, if no place is designated. In ciiso of joint makers, the note must be presented to each one. No pre- sentation is necessary if the maker has absconded ; and in case of his death, it should Ixs presented to the executor or lulministrator; or, if no such officer has been appointed, at the house of the decea^^ed. The maker of a note must jiay it at maturity, or any time after, unless he has some defense in law or is barred by the statute of limitations. A note that has nuitured, if not paid by three o'clock, should be put into the hands of a notary for protest, as that will be evidence that the note was duly presented for pay- ment, and payment was refused. Notice of non-payment, written or verbal, but well authen- ticated, should be given to the indorser of a note to hold him liable. Denumd, protest, or notice, is not required ^o fix the liability of the maker of a note. If a note has been duly presented and payment refused, the notice should desigiuite the fact in wonls, and should contain such description as would show its identity. If a note be guaranteed by a party, such guaranty is equal to a promise to pay it, and the party is not entitled to notice ; if not paid by the maker or debtor, it will be paid by the guarantor. In case of a guaranty of collcctability, however, it is rerjuired that the holder shall use diligence without success. Where a note is sent to a bank for collection, and the bank places the note in the hands of a suitable sub-agent or notary for presentment or demand, the bank is not liable for the default of such sub-agent or notary. In such case the sub- agent or notary becomes the agent of the holder of the note. A note that reads "I promise to pay," and is signed by two or more jMrsons, it is joint and several. The holder can sue either signer, or all jointly. If it roiuls, "We promise to pay," without words to the effect of a several responsibility, it is a jouit and several note, and all nnist be joined in case of a suit. A note that has been accidentally destroyed may fie recov- ered upon adeiiuate proof. If a note is lost or destmyed, notice must bo given, and payment must bo demanded the same as if tho note wius still secure in form. In case of the loss of a negotiable note, equity alone will grant relief where the premises arc not covered by statutory provisions ; and the claimant must file a bill in chancery to enforce payment, indemnity being offered to the debtor. A note given by a minor is voidable at his elcctii>n, and of no effect until ratified by him when ho arrives at full age. ■ I IirSINESS FOi.jMH. ^^r«s^ ; -«-r— -• If N Order is ii written request from one jwrson or finn M to iiuotiici', for tlie delivery of ii sum of iivouey or I arliclcs of niercliandiso. These orders are usually drawn hv one merchant on another, or by ix-rsons in the sanie town or neiirhliorhood, and arc a kind of informal draft, not intended to be transferred by in- dorsement, nor (;irculiito us do the several forms (f negotiable papi'r. The person or firm on whom an order is diiiwn, must in filling it, know that it is genuine, and the order itself should then be earefully j)rcsci'vod a« a voucher, in ease disairreemeuts should ever arise. ORDER FOR MERCHANDISE. r? ■C4: ^/.^^(TJ. i-ti^^*^^ .' •^e^i^i^ t^ie^^t^z^i' -^ir- •^^:8^^«^^ ■/^^^-^^ -^^^^^^^^ ^^^^^ _^J^<3^«rf. FOR MONST. Bloomington, DL, Jnne 19, 1884. Mr. Gr. C. Duncan : I^lease pay John Sanford, or order, Rve Dollars, and charge to my account. Daniel Hesdeesok. fob goods stored. Chicago, May 18, 1884. Empire Warelionso Co. : Plcii.-^e iillrtw the bearer, Leonard Jones, to remove ten Ciises of Dry (ioods, st/ored by us in }r)Lir warehotBe. Marshall Field & Ca FOR AnsnCHANTJISE NOT EXCEEDIXG A SPECIFIED .VMOfXT. St. fjOfLS, May 'Xl, la64. Messrs. J. M. Rice & Co. : Please deliver to the toarer, CJeo. Bartlctt, r>i('(l over Mini pass tln'oiiirli liiilt'a do/.rn lioiiscs, piiyiii;,' liiiiKlirds of didlai's of dchts l)('l'oic (iiidiiiir its way t() John Thoiupson's place ol' buyiiu'SH for payiiieiit at maturity. 'I'lic voi'ds "with cxchani,'!' at par in New Vork or Cliiciipo," aro Insorlcd in tiir dial'l for tin' purpose of covorin^' tlw diirfrcni'e lictwccn tiic current finids of Nm ii»i fi»»it»i^ i i^' i » i » i » it n i 4i» ii } ii i|i ij i i)» j B The person on whom a draft is drawn must know that the signature of tlie drawer is genuine, and also that the amount as written in tho draft has not been altered or "raised," for if he accepts a draft which has been forged or raised, he is liable on his acceptance in case the FORM OF AN ACCEPTANCE. 'If ^^ . — try .(^n^«>«!^-^-^ ^/I^^^^!a6^::^i^i^(?^ paper should afterward be sold to a person who is not aware of tlie forirory. The drawee may claim a reasona- ble time, ustially a few hours, when a draft is jjresented to him for aeceptanee, in -whieh to examine his accounts and ascertain whether he is iridebted to thi^ drawer. The use of the draft in business transactions is much more convenient than money, which in some respects it represents. Let the following example illustrate: Suppose that A, of Chicago, sells and ships to B, of New York, 1000 l)bls. of flour. lie has the flour insured, I" llii- |)iir|i()se of eiUTciit liiiids of t of tmnsiiiittiii^^ crcity, fit her hy II tlio iovui t'ivou, iniis IS lunch lino respects illustrate: toB.ofiVew our insured, uust know tlmt and iilso that ot Ix'en altered Inch has been nco in case the "I BUBINEttd FOKMS. |)ni'-,.rcs II hill of liulini; from the riiilroad company, Mid IIkmi draws a draft on U, of New York, payalilc to the i)rder of the hink whoro A tranciuts hiH hnsinoss. Til'' dr.ift and hill of ladinjr arc then pinned lo;rctlier, and witii IIichc A stc|)s into his. hunk, where he oiitains the money on his draft on the security of the hill of ladin^r. By this means A hiw actually received yniy- nicnt for the (loiirlM'fore it has left Chieajjo. The hank charges a compensation for advancin;,' the moiu'y, and afterward forwards the draft to Now York for collec- tion from B. It is plain that all parties are accommodated and hen- efited hy this tnmsuction, although i ot a dollar has passed hetwoea L and A. A has rocei l his pay for the floiir much aoonor than lie couhl have possihly done wer(i it necwsjiry to wait until the flour had reachotl New York, and then until returns could have hcen i-e- ceiven the money from New York to Chicajro, tofrothcr with lo8« of time, d(!lay and risk attondiii;; such transmission. When three liilU of exehaiijre of the same tenor are drawn, they are iiuinl»cied one, {wo and three, and arc called a Set of Exchangt>. l-jich bill provides that it is jiayahlo in caw the other two fail to reach their desti- nation. The words "second and third unpaid," nimu that in case the hills numhered two and three are un- paid, pay i,liis the first, or if the first and third are not A SET OF EXCHANGE. ft tpf,laff« m Vf>< ' uff!i ' X i » ff ^ i '*MriiJ ' *wPi p* "C'M mi imPJ for £1000. JVew York, Jan. 25, 1884. ; ; nirly (lays after sight of this First of Exchange, , ' {Second and Third unpaid), pay to the order of v James S. Seymour, Ono Thoiisiiiid rounds Sterl- i \ iiig, value received, and charge to account of ^ i To Charles Lawson, V' illiam C. Morse. ; Liverpool, England. 'No. 1670. ^ , imm for i;iOOO, ,reif York, Jan. 25. /884. Thirty days after sight of this Second of Ex- change, {First and Third unpaid), pay to the order of James S. Seymour, On<> Thousand Pounds Sterl- ing, value received, and charge to account of To Charles Laivson, HVliam C. Morse ^ Liverpool, England. j^o. 1670. ^ " ii ri « i j i ^ I ) ii«i r> ' ^ ( S^B ' i' iD it ii i ■ i »»» Mit- i» ui'M"'-i'»j * "i >j" f EXClailge for £1000, ^VV/c York. Jan. 25, /884. Thirty days after sight of this Third of E.v- change, { First and Second unpaid ) , pay to the order of James S. Seymoui; One Thousand Pounds Sterling, value received, and charge to account of To Charles Lawson, William C. Morse. Liverpool, England. Xo. 1670. ^ i t paid, pay this the second hill, and if the first and second are not paid, pay this the third. These bills are then forwarded to their destination by different routes, or by different steanici-s, and in case the vessel bearing the fii-st bill is lost, either the second or third will reach itr. destination and be honored. But it is possible that two of these biils may thus be lost in the passage, and to provide against even such a remote contingency, the third bill is sent, and "will probably reach its destination safely. It may therefore be seen that it would be among the impossibilities to do the immense business which is now carried on in the commercial world between merchants of different states and comitries were it not for the use of this instrument called a draft or bill of exchange. By the use of the bill of exchange the trouble, haz- ard, expense and loss of time, which would amount in many cases to Avccks and even months, of sending large sums of coins from one country to another, are nearly avoided, and would be entirely avoided were the exports and imports or sales and purclnises exactly equal in value lietween the countries having commercial intercoui-se with each other. Not only so, but since a oil 1 of ex- change is p.iyable in the coin or currency of the country where the drawee resides the inconvenience of changing funds from the cuiTcncy of one country to that of another is also avoided. Thus, a draft di-asvn on a party residing in England is payable in poimds,as the pound is the imit of money there, or if the payee resides in France, it would be payable in francs, as a franc is the unit there. ' ; I • . II \ DU8INGHH rOUMfl. ^ lAW GOVERNING DRAFTS AND BILLS OF EXCHANGE. S^ f — 4, — If s IS tlw ciwo of n proniiHsory iioto, no piirticuhir fonii in U Muccssiiry Id inlniftor bill ol' (, tlio luiMiT iniiy prc- ft'iit it to liio ilnuToo for iifceptiiiico.wiiich iiiu«it, in cuso of m iiiliMiil bill, bo by writiii^ron tlu' instruiiit'nt ; but. in ciu^o of ii fiiR'l;,'n oni', il may booitliiT writtt'ii ov verbal, but it Is to 1ki rcj,'rottC(l that anytliinj,' sbort of tho U!*ual, rojjular, and proiK;r niiidi' nf ur(('|pian(0 in \rritin;,'Hlioulil, under liny circumstuufes, bo <0Msi(li'ri'sc. An orittinal payee can only resort to tho drawer. If tho drawoi' refuse aeeeptanee,— the law will imply a refusal, unless ho iieoepts iit onoe, or within twenty-four hours after tho liill is left wit li him for thai- purpose. — the drawer and iiidorsors are liable to make immediate payment, though tho bill has not arrived at maturity ; but notice of the noiwicceptanco must bo given, as before stateding against the drawer and iudonsors will then apply, as already slated in ref- erenco to the case where an a<;ceptod bill is presoutod for [xiynient. Tlie most common form of a bill of oxchango is for the drawer to address it to the intended payer or acceptor, who acteijt.s it at once. It then becomes subject to all the uici- dcnts above mentioned in the case of an accepted bill. It is always safest to protest a bill after its acceptance is refused. After 11, bill has been protested for want of acceptance or payment, it may be accepted anjira protexl by a party not on the bill, to save the honor of the drawer or a particular indoraer. Two or more |H'rsoiis may lioeonio rtccpptor« »Hpra protest for I ho honor of dilToront individuals. An aeeoptor supni protest is iHitind to pay the bill if it is not paid by the ilrawoe. Any material altoralion of a 1)111 of oxebango vitiates tho bill, and it caiinol U' logallj enforced against any of tho parties, iinlesH tho alteration 1h> made bofnro tho bill Im! aocrpted, and also before it has passed out of tho hands of tlio drawer. 'i'hus, if a bill bo loft for iieeoiitaiico by tho drawer, and tho drawee alter tho note, either time, or amount of the bill, ami then aecept it, the alloration docs not afTect tho validity of I ho bill, but if it 1)0 left for aceoptaiieo by a third party, and llio ilrawco then alters and accepts the bill, tlio bill is vitiatul. Any alteration in the date, sum, time, name of drawee or payee, or appointing a now place of payment, is a material alteration. l$ut any alteration made with tho view of correel- iiig a mislako d"« ^>-(-#J-^ C I R C U L A R ^ ©tt©r £f- OUIUSTS in foroifrn lundu, and Aiupricans tnivclinp alu'oud, an Inisinrss, have l)cen the moans of calling inlo existence in this country Letters of (JreiJit. To eany the ncee.sHary amount of money for one or more yoai"s' journey would not only be veiy inconvenient to the tourist, but un- safe, and in every new country witli a dillerent coinajro this money would need to bo exchancrcd for current funds, at a broker's office, another inconvenience and an (>x|)enso. liillri of exchansfo are not suited to the tmveler's needs, as ho must l)o identified at any bank where he desires to cash a bill of exchange, and in a stranpe land this is troublesome, if not impossible. Not only so, but ho nnist dniw all the money called for by the bill of exchange at one time. Thns, a traveler from America, having a bill of exchange on Paris for 5,000 francs must draw the amoimt when he arrives in Paris, and then, if he expects to visit Berlin, he may buy a bill on Berlin. But this entails an extra expense for exchange. And even if our American banks could sell the tmveler a separate bill of exrhango on London, another on I'aris, another on Berlin, Home, Constan- tinople, and all tlie jjrinciiial cities of the Orient, this might prove an inconvenience to the traveler, as it would limit his expenditures in each city, if it did not tlecido tin; length of his stay. And it wouhl 1k> alnnit impossible to provide against this on a long journey, by any forecast or calculation. The Letter of ("redit as adopted by our banks at the present time, obviates all these ditlieulties, and places the funds of the traveler as nnieh at his dis]K)sal, wherever ho may be, as though he were at home near his own liank. The method of managing the finances on a foreign trip is about as follows; Having decided upon the amount of money necessary for the journey, the would- be tourist steps into any bank where Letters of Credit arc sold, eitiier in his own town or in the large cities, and purchases a Letter of Credit similar to the fonn on the following page, i)ayable in pounds, in London, and addressed to a niunber of banks and bankei-s in all iwrts of the world, whose names will appear on the back of the letter. The baidv here then inuuediatcly notifies the London bank that such a letter hius been issued, and for the issue of the letter the banks usually charge a small fee. Anned with this document, he proceeds to London, and there finding his funds becoming short, he goes to the City Bank, or to any other bank, as well, and draws a draft on the City Bank of London, payable to himself and signed by himself, for whatever sum he may need, just lus a depositor drag's a clieck. The bank compares the handwritnig and signature of the draft with tho signature at the bottom of the Letter of Ci'odit, and if genuine the amount is indorsed on ■>l /r /^ J^^^i/dmeu, ^jm erition, of drawing on tlie City Bank of London, and the money is paid over to hini, less the commission and five jjer cent interest for the time required in eoVieetinir tlie (h'aft in London. The drafts as they arc dr.iwn, are sent at once to the Citv liank of London for collection, and are then CIRCULAR NOTLS. These are drafts dniwn l>y an American bank on a LoniJoD bank and issued to the tourist in amounts of £5 or £10 for fonvcnicnce. They will be cashed in any |Mrt of the world by banks and also by merchants, ami are hence coming to Ikj extensively used by trav- eler* instead of Letters of Credit, and by many pro- ferre«J. Ilavin^Lr sei-ured the re({uisitc number of these smuii ;int of the Fii-st National hink of Chicagw. 'When !ho last draft is drawn by the tourist, wherever he may then be, the Letter of Credit is retumene, he simply indorses his name on the back of it, ami prodwes fnmi his pockot a small certificate from the AttieritTai! l>ank bearing his signature, to show that the indci^ement is good. A draft on London M'ill pa.ss a.s money in all the civilized tomitries of the world, less charges and inter- est for the time recpiired in forwarding the iraft to London Cur ixtUoction. «•- .i-- '.> I : 1-;; it MISCELLiVNJiOUS. TABLE OF INTEREST RATES FOP THE UNITED STATES AND CANADA. I'xnaltlxH for UmuTi Stututo of Limitations on IJelits, Noti>s .lucl|$inantii und Spuleii Iniitnimnntx. tl' sr.vTi TH l> •■ STATES Legal Rule Iluto por Contract PRNALTIES fob tTgURY. I.I.'MIT.XTIONS. AND .- « X '■r2 ~p2 UBXMARKd. TKHUITOUIE.S. PcrOont. I»erCent. ^1 Y. - 5 III Alabama • •• g 8 Forfeiture entire Ins't... ■i (i 20 10 Jndfrments of other sintps limited io20venrs. Jlxemp. ti(eis— I'ersomii propertv $|iKK), Homestead $•2000. Arii^onti AikiiniJW 10 Any 10 ;i 4 5 10 4 10 Kxeniptioiis- I'roni #I'.KH) io ts'dMHi. Forfeiinre jirhiciiml and interest. Judgments reiiuired to be remiwed ever>* three years. Exemptions- f200 to if-2.1IKi. T Any - 4 .'> ,") Oujuilifineuts tor money loaned 7 per cent only. Ex. empllous— From *1IKI0 tof.iOOO. If ilebtaaroconiiiietiHl wiibiu tlie suite the .statute of M Any :i 3 li e liniiiations extends six years. E.vemptlona— $300 to ♦•20(10. « T \/ 3 u 3 li 6 20 17 20 Exeiuptions— tJflO to ♦500. Forfeiture of Interest. . . Kxeinpt ions-ffioo. 6 » Forfe'tnip I'finelpal,. . . . •.>o •20 Exeniidions— ji.i to ^275. Pi^^t. of ColurobiOt 6 10 Ft>rfeittU'eentito Ins'l... 12 12 Exemptions— J.iKi to $10" Florida. Gpoi-^'iii ..•■ « r Any 4 li JO 7 •20 20 Exempt ions- *li»)0 to ♦•2000. Forfeiture excess l^xemptions— ♦IMH). M I* Forlcit .Itiinesanrt paid; line #;t'K» tlou9-$100 to ♦5000. « S prisontneut, or Iiotli. Fncl'ejtnre excess Ins't... Forfeiinre excess Ins't... » 10 20 20 Exemptions— ♦lOO to tlOOO. C 8 6 10 20 •20 Jud^^ments luuiit bo renewed, if not executed, within live yeurs. Exemptions— ♦tiOO. • 10 ?"orfcit\ire entire Ins't... 6 10 20 '20 On notes, If partial jittyment has been made, date of llinitalion beudns from lust iniyinent. Exemptions— Cuuutv, 40acres; cltv, y^ acre with buildings regard. less of value. Kansas ..... t 10 Forfeiture double excess.. 8 5 ."i 1.1 On open accounts, limitnl ion exteudsbut two yearsfor niui-residenlsof Ilio slate. Exemptions— ;i^3(>U to ♦lOO. Kontnrkj a « Forfeiture entire Tns't... 2 5 15 1.5 ExempI iiuis— ♦.'jOO to ♦l.)00. 6 a Exce~.s al)ovi> s, after lua. 3 S 10 10 Jud .'lueuts may be renewed at anv time l)efore explni. luri'v. forfeits uiitirc ttnn. Exeiuiitious— None in cities; country home* 'nterest. >tead,J-2oi)' Main? ..•. « Anj 6 li 20 ■20 If uotesare witnessed, --'O vears. Exemptions— ^VX). Jlarvlanil 6 H Forfeiture of excess 3 3 iJ 12 Ex.i ipi.ons-^IIKi. >I:l»sa(-|lUHCtt3 ? Any 6 20 12 12 Notes witnessed, ^20 vears. Exemptions— $.100 to ♦soo. to Fiufeituro of exeess If tJ li 10 ill Executions tm judgments not euti'red witidu •J years must bor. iiewed. Exemiition^— ii.iO Io$l.'i00. T 10 Forfeiture entire debt — ' (> Id •20 Jud: vea.rsif not attJichGcl. Exem|itlous-$5liO t.) ♦liKHi, beside, homestead of so acres In countv, and one lot to ).■ aeri! In cities. ^lissi'wippl • 10 Forleit\ire entire Ins't... 3 15 7 ( Exemptions— ^^.W to $500. Kcsidenco in city, ♦2000; conntv, W) acres. Missouri 8 10 T.on-ltM- f'»rfcil-.ieiilire in. tcri>.^t. l.oriiiwcr i.av 10 ].crct. t.> veil. ml fund- Forfeiture entire Ins't... o 10 .0 ■20 Kxeinpiions— f3iH). Homestead in conntrv, 100 acres; in cities, liomestead ju value Iruiu lloOO to ♦iiOOO. Alontanft 10 T Any lu 4 li 10 I) 5 Exemptiims— $S00 to ♦•2.500. Actiouonforeiuu in dements must becoimneneed-vlth- in .) years. Exciiiitious— Persona, proi)ertv, ♦MKI; eouutrv, loOaeif . cities, two lots. KovuUa. 10 Any - 4 5 5 Mcrcbauts', or St' ■ accouuis, one venr onlv after last iiurcbaso. Exi ptions— ♦200 to ♦."jOO; hotiicsteud, to bead of laTUiU, :i^"«.n)0. .New llamiMliIre 6 < Forfeiture of .! times tlio excels and co..ts. U (i 20 •20 Actionson.luilKinents must bebrou.aht wlthlu2 years. Exempt ions- ♦loo to $400. Interest in homestead, to wile,iiurliisiite, $.')(Ki. New ,I(;rHoy 6 6 Forfeiture entire Ins't... li U 20 U Exemptions— I'eisonality, ♦•200; hotnest«ul, under staiutin-y notice, ♦iin«). Now Mexico 6 12 Forfeiture of excfws Exemptiiteniea?;or. fi G 20 ■20 Corporations l);iried defense in actions lor usury. Ex. emptlons— ♦■2,')0; homestead, if riiorded, ♦1000. 6 8 Forfeituiii entiri> inter- est, iHirtv luiviu^ uiav 3 3 11 ill Exeentions mus; be renewed witain one year and one (lav fiinii duo of 1-sue. Exemptious— rcrsonaillv, reeo\'er*ioultb-ani't pd. ♦.Kio; home dead, ♦laoii. 01. in 6 8 10 Forteitnre ol exci'ss Forfeiture ori^'inal sum t; ti 1.1 i> l.'i 10 1.-. 10 Exi'iuptions-*.'iOii toijliKiO. Oiegoii Exemptioiis-*iiiO to tTOO. and costs. Prnnsvlvania 6 6 6 Any (i II li 20 •20 20 •20 Exempti.ai — ♦:ion. No hjsjruerrate thun li percent interestcan b« c.'^Uected HliuHe Island by law. Kxi^mptions-J-JdO to $.)00, flontli Tarollna 3 T 6 V '.rfeilureof all interest.. Ita-feiluii* of excels, line li 8 « 20 10 20 10 Exemptions— Personality, ♦.Wo; liomestead, $1000. Excmiitious-^-i'iO, hcuuestead, ♦looo. Tennessee and iiuprisoninint. Texas a 12 Forfeiture of all Ins't.... ■i 4 10 10 Exemptions- Furniture and farmlns; Implements and •2li<)acres. In cities, rcui estate, ♦.'moo. Utah It Any 2 4 5 .1 Exeniptions- Per-ouality, ♦^(Kl to $400; horaenlcad, ♦ IIKIO, and ♦■2.'i0iulditional to each meuil>er of family. Veniinnt 8 6 Fcjrfeiturn (>f «'xcesH 6 K 1) 8 Exempt ons— Pers. nslitv, ♦2.".0; hoiucstead, $6(10. Vir;.'inia 8 • Forleitureof all Ins't - 5 •20 •iO Exetaptioiis— Persoiuii:iy, ♦200; liomestead exemp- tiini. leal or peisoual propertv. ♦•20iKi. WasliinRton Tcr. to Any 3 li t! i; Exemptions Per^onal:t\, *150 to $.500; lioraos%oad occ^upicd by famllv.iiOOO. West Vlixinia e a Forfeiture of exeess 3to5 ti lU •20 Exemptions Per oiialitv, I»"i0 to ♦•2iiO, homestead, If recorded beiore cieation i>f debt, ♦lio). Wisconsin T 10 Forfeiture of all Ins't 6 II 20 20 Exemptinn— Persoinlliy, ♦200 to$-i'ifl, | rintluf; mate. rial^, ♦i.iOO; homestead, countrj-, 40 acres; town or eltv, W of an acre. 12 Any 4 21 5 E xempt ions- J.')liOtoi»soo, and woarlni;nppiin'l for every person, ll.anestead, ni tualiy occupied, in country, 11.11 acres; i..wn oreity lots.^l.'OO. Canada 8 ( Any Any Any Ito.-. ti II 11 li ■20 •20 •20 ExempI ions- ♦on to !? lull. Exemptions- lloii.seh.iUletrecIs, ♦HO; homestead, $000. Exemptions- \Vearinj{ap|)nrel and beUdlnK forlamily, tools, one Htove and one cow. New Urnnswlolc Nova Meotia '20 NoTK.— Tlielejinl rate of interest for England ond France is R jierceut. Ireland li percent. When the rate of Interest Is not sjieclfled, the legal rate Is always understood and so allowed by the (•ourts. Debts of all liin.lsdmw IntiTcst from the time they lu'comedue, btit not before unless siieclfled. Jl lot cxi-cutecl, within •-xeinptions— ^500. riii)lciBcnts and P :^g INDORSEMENTS. ) HOW TO INDORSE NOTES, DRAFTS AND CHECKS, AND THE REASON FOR SUCH INDORSEMENTS. PROTEST AND NOTICE. II ^ « » ♦^ ^ -*-!'—-• TAST beyond appreciation, is the volume of business transacted each day by means of checks, notes, drafts and other forms of commercial paper. And as the actual coin or currtmcy involved, beais a small proportion to the amount of value passed from hand to hand daily, in business, so the aggregate value of the checks, notes and other negotiable paper, themselves bear a small proportion totlic whole indebtedness canceled by means of these indispensable instruments to modern com- merce. A single check, note or draft, may, and often does, by being passed over from one person to another, discharge five or ten times its equivalent of indebted- ness. The transferring of the title to commercial paper is thus a great vehicle for the furthcnuue of l)usiness transactions, and on account of its importance to the commercial world, the law recognizes it and hiis thrown about it a peculiar sanction and protection. Centuries ago when commerce was in its infancy and commercial paper in its formative state, tiiis quality of negotiability or transferability did not exist, but the jviyco of a note or draft was supposed to hold it until i, ii('( anie due and was paid. But as the necessities of connnorco grew, it became desirable to pass the title of notes and drafts like other species of property, and thio was done by writing the transfer or assignment on the back of the instrument, and this writing was called an Indorsement. The subject of Indorsements may at first thought seem to be of comparatively small importance, but when viewed in all its various phases and bearings it assumes an importance only second to the paper itself. An indorsement is anjlhing written on the back of an instrument pertaining to the instrument. Thus a name written on the back of a note, eaeck or draft is an indoi-sement. The person who writes his name thereon is called an indor.ter, and tlie person for whose l)encfit the name is tiierc written, and to whom the paper is transferred, is called an indorsee. As there is no limit to the number of times which the paper may be transferred, so there is no limit to tlie numl>er of indorsements wliicii may be placed thereon, and if tlie back of the paper is entirely cov- ered with indoi-sements, an additional piece of paper may he pasted thereto for the purpose of receiving more indoi-semcnts. Indorsements may be made njion the face of the er as well as upon the back, and the custom of indorsirig on the back only arose from tlic fact that the back is always clean and more suitable / " for receiving indorsements. "When a note or check is vvl held in proper position for reading, the left I t, h' ,»« i '' t I il 'mm INIJOIiSKMKNTS. bo tlio iipi-.T oiul wlicii reversed I'ortlK" l)ur|iosfers the title to the ii!.-triuu(Mit in- dorsed, but also irives additional security for its ])ayiueiit, as it isau iiiii)lied((iiitract oil llie jiart of ih(^ Mi- dorser that the siirna- tiircs of all the previ- ous ])artics are fsen- uiuc, and also that his title to the iustrn- nieut is perfect, and that if the check or note is not paid at maturity, he -will take it up after jjaj'- mont has been do- raandcd and refused, and duo notice has been given. feimply writing the name is called an in- dorsement ill blank and transfers the ownership of the pa- per to bearer, and the paper may then be pa-ssed fvom hand to hand without in- dorsement. In case a check or note so indorsed be lost or stolen, the owner incurs the risk of the finder disposing of it for value to a bona fde purcha.ser, who could collect it. It is not safe to send paper so Indorsed through the mails, or to indorse paper in blank any considerable length of time before it is to be transferred to the indorsee. When it is desired to make a check, note or draft payable to a particular person, above the name "fj FOR DEPOSIT to the credit of the Book-keeper Pub. Co. should be written " I'ay to or order," and such is called an indorsement in full, or a special indorsement. After a special indorsement, none but the indorsee, or l)ersous to whom ho may order pa\inent to be made, can demand payment on the nistrumcnt. Paper which is to bo sent through the mails should be indorsed l)aya])lo to the order of th(> person to whom it is sent, so that in case it is lost the finder can make no use of It. In the example on this page, Abin. Wilkins, BB n^DOBSEMENTS. who IS supposed to receive the check from Suith indorsed specially to Wm. Jennings. When a note is left at the bank for collection it should be indorsed thus • By this indorsement the title of the imper is not passed to the bank, but remains in the indorser, ■while the bank is only authorized to collect, and in case the bank fails while the paper is still in its possession the owner could reclaim the note and save it from going into the hands of the assignee as assets of the bank. When an indorsement is made subject to some con- dition without the fulfillment of which the indorsemi^ni IB void, such is called a conditional indorsement. Thus, " Pay to Amos Brown or order upon the deliverj' by him of a Warranty Deed to lot 28 in block 14, Haine's subdivision to the city of Cincinnati," signed by the indorser, would be a conditional mdorsement. This class of indorsements are rare in business. An indorser may release himself from liability on hia indorsement by writing under his name, " Without recourse," or similar words, which indicate his inten- tion to thus release himself, but the indorsee would seldom be willing that the indorser should thus indorse unless by special agreement and under peculiar circum- stances. "Pay to John Smith only" when signed by the mdorser, would limit the career of the note, check or draft aa negotiable paper, to the indorsee, John Smith, or would prevent the instrument from being further transferred. The words "for my use, or "for my account," when included in the indorsement, signify that the ownership of the instnmient is not transferred but merely an authority to collect, and in this respect is similar to the indorsement •' For Collection." The indorser of a check may, m the indorsement, direct how the payment is to be applied, M'hether on a note or otherwise, as, for instance, the chock on the preceding page, is indorsed by William Jennings " for one year's subscription." Now when the publish- ing company indorses the check for the purpose of receiving value on it the indorsement becomes a receipt to Jennings for subscription. In indorsing a check or note, sign your name just as it is written on the face; if " J. Smith," write "J. Smith," or if " Jas. C. Smith," write ' Jas. C. Smith." If this is not your usual method of signing, or if the name is incorrectly spelled, indorse both ways, first the wrong and then the right. When it is not desired to draw the mon«y ob a chsck but io deposit it in the bank, the following form is largely used : FOR DEPOSIT IN THE Commercial National Banh, von CREDIT OF MARKLEY. ALLING & CO. The handling of numerous chf^ks makes such a lengthy indorsement quite a laborious task, and hence large firms have a stamp prepared by which the letters are stamped upon the back of the paper with ink which is not easily erased. The bank soon comes to know the stamp as the signature of the house, and the writ- ten signature is not necessary. This printed signature would not, however, be considered good outside of the city where the firm is located, nor would it be consid- ered good where the transactions of the firm were limited in number. The object of indorsing " For Deposit," aa above explained, is to prevent fraud or collusion on the part of the employes of the deposit- ing firm. For instance, the messenger, upon going to the bank to deposit, could easily abstract a check from among the others, and by telling the bank officials a plausible story, that one of the partners wanted to get the currency for this check for his private use, could, if the checks were indorsed in blank, draw the money thereon, and by " doctoring" the pass book, cover his default for weeks, mttil the amount would reach large proportions. The statutes of the various states have modified the common law in regard to indorsements. For instance, in some states, when a draft or note is discounted at the bank, the law requires the bank to first exhaust its remedy against the maker before it can proceed against the indorsers. But as a large portion of the notes and drafts discounted in our banks, is taken upon the credit of the discounter, while the maker or acceptor is ;mknown to the bank, perhaps living in a distant city, it is evident that if the bank were compelled to look to the maker for payment, such paper could not be llj|!l I I \^ I I iii I x"^^ 5 INDOKSEMfiNTS. roiidily (liscouiitoil. Toavoid tliis cnibaiTassnicnt which the .statute uuposos, the following indorsement is used. rii/ri'Cd- g-^-ltf^/^n c~. For value rcceiveil, .... lioroby guaranty tlio pay- int'iit of tlm within note ut maturity, or at any time thereafter, with interest at eiglit per fent iwr aniinm, until paiil, ami agree to pay all costs or expenses i>aiil or iTicurretl in collecting the same. c/. a^-y-^Cii- The name is written both alxwe and below the printed guaranty, in order to cstiiblish the fact of an intention on tho part of tho indorscr to guaninty the p.ajTncnt, or, so that it could not l)e alleged that tLs l)ank stampotl tho words of guaranty above the signa- ture without authority from the indorscr. Hut by thus having tho signatures at an appropriate distance apart, the object of the double indorseuu'ut becontes apparent. Tho first indorsement may be regarded as a transfer of the title of the paper to the bank, while the second is a guaranty of its payment. PROTEST AND NOTICE. ILLS OF ExCH\NOE are distinguished as either f()r(>ign or inland. They are called foreign wlicn drawn in one state or coimtry upon a person residing in another. The states of the American Union arc foreign countries so far as bills of exchange arc concerned, for the reason tliat the laws of the dillerent states concerning negotiable paper are not iniiforni. Inland bills of exchange are those wliicli arc drawn on a jxM'son residing in the same state or country as the drawer. AViicn M foreign bill of exchange is dishonored, that is, when payment or acceptance is refused, it is not only customary but necessary, in order to Iiold the drawer or indorsers, that tho paper should be properly pro- test(>(l, and notice given iiv due form to tho parties to be cIiargfMl. Tiie object in protesting foreign paper is to ail'ord satisfactory evidence of its dishonor, for the benefit of t'.e parties to the paper, who, from residence abroad, in a foreign country, or another state, might experi- ence great diilicully in ol)taining reliable .uul sufficient evidence of the fact, and perhaps be at last compelled to rely upon the representation of the iioldcr alone. Courts always give due respect and consideration to such an official act as a protest under the seal of ii foreign notary. Although not necessary in the case of inland bills, tlie iiractice of protesting negotiable paper has yet Ix'cn extended largely to inland bills of ex- change and promissory notes, and as these have found their way extensively into bank transactions in the ordi- nary course of business, the protest has become a cogent and ellcctual method of exposing the breaches of pimct- uality which occin- in payment of commercial paper at the bank, and the merchant or business man who allows his note to "go to protest," is advertised as incum- bered, embarrassed, or financially disgraced. Protest and notice must l)c made l)y a notary public, except in certain cases where the law provides tiiat should there ])e no notary in the jilace, a i)rotest may be made by any respectable merchant, attested l)y wit- nesses, and will tlien have the SJime ellcct as though made by a notary pul)lic. A notary was anciently a scribe, who made writings of all descriptions, both public and private, but with us he is a public officer appointed by the governor, and ])roperly provided witli a notarial seal. In ca.se of non-payment or non-acceptance of a foreign l)ill by the drawee, protest must be made forthwith by a notary, tmder the formality i)rescri'bed by tiie law of that place, and projjcr "notice given to indorsers. This protest must be made on the day on which the instru- ment Incomes payable; that is, on tiic^ tiiird or last day of grace, though it may not be dniwn u|) and completed in legal form until afterwards. After protest, tho next step is to give proper notices to all such persons as the holder of the bill designs to hold responsible. The holder may notify all tho parties prior to himself, so as to avoid hazard of some 3 in the ordi- INDOR8EMENT8. ^tatc of JXIltioiB, „ County, [ S3. CERTIFICATE OF PROTEST Be it Known, That ou tliia.. day of.., in tlie year of our Ix)rd oiio thousand eight hundral and.„.., I,.. - a Notary PubHc, duly coniiuiasioned and sworn, and residing in the ^ _ hi said County and State, at tlie request of _ _ _ _. wcntwitli the original which is above attached, to the office of anddcnmndai .thereon, which was refused „ Wiioreujwu I, the said i-Totary, at the request aforesaid, did PROTEST, and by these presents do Solemnly Protest, iis well against the - of said the indorsers thereof, as all others '.7hom it niav or doth concern, for exchange, re-oxchange, and all costs, charges, damages, and interest already incurred by reason of tlio nou- of the said And I, the said Nocary, do hereby certify, that, on the same day and year above written, duo notice of the foregoing Protest was put in the Post Olhce at as follows: Notice for _ " for. „ _. „ Each of the above named jilaces being the reputetl place of residence of the {xjrson to whom this Notice was directed. In Testimony Wueueof, I hava hereunto set my hand and affi.xed my official seal, the day and year first above written. Notary I'ublic. Fees.— Noting for Protcsl, Ceitlflcato and Seal, !S cents; 25 cents; Protest 75 cents; Pobtoge ; Noting Pi-otest, . . Vol. . . ; Page, ffi cents; Notloos, » of the parties being discharged by the omission of the notice, but if he is sati-sficd with the responsibility of his ininicdiatc indorscr, there is no necessity for giving notice to others, and if this indorscr desires to hold those prior to him, it is his business to talac -care of himself, and sec that the party rcsponsi S8. ..^....188 Sir, X..... ...../or $. Dated „ Payable „ Signed by Indorsed by. Being this day due and unpaid, and by me Protested for non-payment, T ha-d>y notify you that the payment thereof has been duly demanded, and that t/ie holders look to you for liayment, damages, interest, and costs. Done at the request of... , i Ijf §1 I. 'i I- r, r I"! 1 ^N. ;?^; iA^i: ->5^' LAW GOVERNING INDORSEMENT i. PROTEST AND NOTICE.-^ '^^i^ -^^-i- If I'IRST iiiilorscr i^ liiibk' to all suhawiiicnt imlorscn". ll All iii(li)i'sc'iiiont iii sulijuct to the hiw of |«lac%* where ■A I the iiiilor.scmeiil is imule. A An iiulor>er of a chock is on the same footing iis on all otiier foniis of iiewtiiihle iiajier. A iiiesuriiiilioii of law is, tiiat- iiulorsenieuts and transfers have Ijcoii niailo hcforo the jmix-T became due. Wiiero there iirc joint jiayees of a bill or note, all nm^t join in an iiulorsciiiunl, iink'.-s tliey are jiartners. All parties to iie;;otiable pafHT, whether maker, drawer, indorser, or acccjitor, have a defense as aijain.'^t fraud. A fimler of a bill or note, lost by the owner, atrjuires no ri^'iits thereby as against maker, drawer, acceptor, or indorser. All i.'krser hiw certain coinitionai responsibilities, but he can qualiiy lliem in writinn; his indursemeut if ho chooses, L I. le letter coiitiiiniiii: a prote '^ of non-payme:;t '« put into tiie po^*t olliee, any miscarriage does i; jt aii'ejt the party giving notice. A negotiator may g laranty the payraeu* of a uote at '".' nty, iuiJ the imrchaj strike out the name of any one who has indorsal Injfore the defendant. If an indorsement be stricken out throagh miiiake of a holder, he may restore it. If he strikes it out on puqiose, the indorser is released fiuni all obligation. A purijluw-^er of a bill or note may prudently in-Lst on a waiver of demar.iMprotest, mid notice, at the time of tiie trans- fer; especially when the in.vir.ser liv^s ai adi.-tance. A jierson leteiving a note under a idank indorsement, or when drawn pa-'aMo to bearer, he is on first view the lioUer, and entitlei". *;•_> recover the amount due on tiie note. A payee who parts with a note for value by indorsement, has no further iiiterest in it other than its payment at maturity tiy the maker, .«o its to save him harmless. Where a person puts his name on the back of an iii.stni- mi-'it on demand or on time, at the time of its inception, he is liable, not as indorsu', but as original [iromi* '. ,\ jierson that transfers by delivery and not by indorsement, a bill of e.xclutnge or promist;ory note made payable to bearei, Joes not rent' r himself liable on the bil) or note to the jxTson who receives it. An indorser of a note is entitled to notice when it is due, in order to hold him for payii.ent. If an indorser chooses he may waive notice before maturity of the paper by writing, •* I waive notice." A holder's right of action ari.ses at once when a bill ii di£- lionorsfl. The drawee's refusi'.l toai«ept involves the breaking of the contract, since, l-y the «''t of drawing and indorsin^', the drawer and indo-scr guariruity acce|)i,»iice. An indorser i.ir.,!t be notified, whet ler a drawer is entitled r to notice or not. Even if the other parties are guilty of fraud, that would not deprive the indorser of his right to projior notice, unless he is guilty of fraud himself. rai>er that is indorsed solely for the accomnxKlation of another is called accommodatioii |)aiH?r. If the maker, drawer, indor.-er, (ir acceptor is coiniielled to pay such pajx.'r, lio may recover the amount, together with costs, from the accommodated ]party. Xoticeof tlie dL^lionor of a bill must bo given, oven if the drawee Ijo (ic;ui. The bolder will not be e.xcu.sed from giving notice, on account of tlio death of the drawer or indorser. In such ca.se8 he roust use due diligence, if necessary, in giving notice to the surviving re;>resc.ilatives. A lost b:'l or note must be dosciibed with certainty, or a copy ot it must bo ."-'lown. When a demand i.s made on a lopt not*", a l)<>nd of indomnity iiuist t)e executed and tendered to t'lC jiarty on whom demand is made; '/lljorwise the remedy on drawer or indorser will 1x3 lost. A lull or note is not finally di3(;hargpd vrhnn i^aid bv an indorser, ^xiejit in res " t to sulisei|iieiiL indorsers. It is not e.ttinguishei. ;intil paid liy the maker in case of a note, or aciieptor in cise of iv bill. Hence an indorser, who takes up a dLshonored note or bill, may put it again in circulation: whereas, if paid by or on behalf of maker or acceptor, it is no longer negotiable. A check drawn payable to Richard Roo, or bearer, may be transferred to any other jierson by handing it over as if it were a bank bill. If the wonl order, instead of bearer, were writ- , ten, the one who is to receive pay must put his name on the I back in onier tn transfer it to another. Then the paveo ' Ijec-omes indorser. and tiie i)erson receiving it from him iijilorsee. The check may be indorsed Ihe.-eafter by many parties, as in the case of a bill of eichaiige or promissory note. A maker or acceptor of a note or bill, lx;fore I>aTing it, should know that the indorsements are genuine, if indorsed in blank, to knoir that the payee's indorsement is genuine, Tlie holder caiiDot acquire any title through a forged i>',ken by a p n^haser at his own j)eril. Though nO{,otiable as iK^foi'c maturity, the pjTty tfcke.-; it subject to ever/ defense exi«tiiig against it in t'lC hiiud.s of the ho!i!»'r \?heri it matiireo. Over due pu(jeris •onaidered payable within a reasonable time, on demauil, when it is tracsfened. . «^ ii j,A,i,ii^*,*« "-«>'^ r^'' '- T"^ 1 nro gnilty of i>f his right to ■eir. •mriKKliuioii of f the iiiiikor, iiy siitli pajx-T, :osts, from tlio on, oven if the ^(1 from piviiig p imlorser. In sary, hi giving certainty, or a is niiwlo on a and temlered ic tiie remedy n j)i«(l Ijy an !rs. It is not of !i note, or ho takes up a circulation ; *I)tor, it is uo i»r(T, may be JW if it were were writ- wne on the the pavec froiri liim i'y many irouiissory f />HTing it, indorsed geiiiiine. l^itjK^no ler's title maker t laper ■'■eie an iimo- e'i hy the li ''risted ''■^^fnl\^%^^ vanced, educated, refined and civilized ■•ijMk**' man from that of the wild savage, whose highest desire is to slay and rob his fellow men, and proudly exhibit their scalps, or the plunder he has acquired, as evidence of his cunning or courage. It is through this inborn desire to accumulate that man is willing to labor, toil, suffer, and forego present gratifications for the hope of future greater satisfactions; that has resulted in the building and e(|iiii)ing the mighty ships of commerce, whose white, spreading canvas dots eveiy sea where commerce may bo known, or where the interests of God's creatures may best be sei'ved. It is through this desire, coupled with unremitting toil, that we owe everything of per- iiiauciitenjoyinent, of enlightenment and of prosperity. The millions of dollars of paper money ^vhich is liandled every day as the natural fruit of toil and .^aving through the many and diversified transactions in the vast, illimitable and ever rapidly developin;;: field of commerce, is but the represeBtative of owner- siiip of property. If this rei)resentative is what it purports on its face to lie, eacii and every one who receives it in exchange for services or commodities, owns not merely a piece of paper, with designs, words and promises printed or engraved thereon, but an interest or an undivided whole in a farm, a block of buildings or a store well stocked with merchwmlise, which, in Ids estimation, at least, is more desirable to him than the labor or commodity foi which he has voluntarily made the exchan^ ; but, if on the contmry, it is other than what it purports on its face to be, he finds that he is the owner of a piece of paper whose value is nil. There is, at the present writi"", 1884, nearly eight hundred million dollars of ])aper i arrency in the United States, consisting of gnvuKicks and national currency, a great jwrtion of which is in actual circulation, and it has been estimated by eminent authorities who occupy positions of trust in the various departments through which the financial machinery of this vast sea of paper money is daily circulated, that there is in circulation nearly one-fifth of this amount in counterfeit money, or about one hundred and sixty million dollars; and not one dollar of this counterfeit money owes its circu- lation to any excellence of the work in its inamifacture, but wholly to tlie general ignorance of those who handle it, SIS to what is reipjiretl to constit;ito a genuine bill. The time will come when the United States will r'nleem all of its issue of paper money, Avhen those who are holding any of this count<*rfeit money will have to stand the loss to the extent of the sum in their p<>sses- hioii. Toallof tho.«j wIk) are willing to take a small jiortion of their time each day for a few weeks in learning just what it takeii to constitute a genuine bill, there need be no necessity of ever losing anything by eoiinter- foiters, as it is impossible far them to make bills which will in any way approach the beauty aud exactness of the genuine ones. There is not at the present time, nor has there ever been in the past, nor will there ever be in the future, a counterfeit bill made that cannot be detected at sight ; and the positive knowledge of how to know at all times when a bill is genuine and when "ot is within the reach of all those who may have the privilege of reading the following information or in- L-^.r^ ,f I BhTEOrriNO COUNTERFEIT MONET. killiblo rules with a genuine desire to bo bcnefitetl thereby. DEVICES AND FRAUDS. Various devices are resorted to by a numerous gang or l)()fly of porsons, to get on in the world witiioiit tui'iiing tiicir attention to legitiniato and useful fiii- ployinents. This class ini'liidos many that are not engiiged in the practice of counti-rleitiiig and j)utting forth bad inoncv, but who nudce themselves I'cit in various wa3's through vain tricks iind schemes, which are, to all intents and pui'posfs, frauds. business men are generally apt at detecting and turning olf petty scheinos, but they find it licst to have tlje mean.-, witii wiiich they may deal successfully as against rogidar swindlers, forgers im !. counterfeiters. COU.NTERFEIT AND GENUINE WORK. As indicated above, counterfeit notes are issued and put into the channels of circulation In nlMuidance every year by those engaged in the ]) r a c t i c e of counterfeiting. These notes are often such good imitations of the gen- uine that it is quite dillicult to discern the ditference. That he may protect him- self, each bus iness man should have some definite knowledge of a genuine bank- note. The engraving of a gen- uine Iiaidv note, in most all of its parts, is done by machinery, and it is more exact and perfect. On the contrary, most all parts of coim- tcrffit notes arc done by hand. Counterfeiters cannot afford to purchase machinery, such as is used for tlie prt)duction of genuine n^tes. The cost of such miiehincry is between $100,000, and $ir)0,tiUO, and if it were in wrong hands it would be always liable to seizure and confiscation. In order to prevent the foi'gery of l)ank-notes, a greiit deal of ingenuity and art has been expended on their production. The principal features of the manu- facture ai'e described as a peculiar kind of paper and water mark; an elaborate design. ])rinted with a pecul- iur kind of ink. and certain private marks, known only by the bank oflicial.s. The Avork of counterfeiter can never etpial that of the makers of genuine notes, whose skill and faciUties for producing the highest grade of ^/ork known to the art, are the best that the world aflords. DETECTING COUNTtRFEIT flONEY Uidess one is .somewhat learned as to the quality of engraving, that he nuiy be able to distinguish a lino specimen of the art when ho sees it, ho is likely to become a victim of the counterfeiter's operations. LATHE WORK. ■\Vhen the genuineness of a bank-note is doubted, the Lathe AVork on the note should lirst be closely seruti- nized. The several letters of denomination, circles, oviils. antl shadings between and around the letters in the words, etc., n\v. composed of numberless extremely line lines — inclusive of hues straight, curve aspect will Iw uniform. Tho spaces iM^tween linos are exact, whether the lines l)c horizontal or d'lgonal. The lines are iiltto made crooked or wavo-liko, not ahsolutoly parallel. Rul- ing engine work is generally used for shad- ing of n.imes r'" hanks, and also for tho namo.s of town, siuie, etc. VIGNETTE& While latho work and <.'iat of tho rulinir engine are invuriahly machine work, and thereforo cannot ho successfully reproduced iiy countorfoitors, th«^ Vignettes are chiefly the work of the hands. In all genuine work they Hre made hy first class .artists, who are well paid for their services, and who therefore Iwve no inoentive to exercise their skill for illegitimate purposce. .Sometimes water and sky arc done mth tho rnling engiiM', and when thoy are, no ooimterfeiter run sur- cesHfnlly imitate thcin. Fine vignettes are seldom .seen on counterfeit not«'s. If the lathe and ruling engine work Ih> genuine, iin ordinary vignotto cuniiot make a note counterfeit, and if that Ik* counterfeit, no vignett** can make the note gcmiine. The vigni"ttes on genuine notes are exeeulod liy men at tho head of their v(N-titiun, and are very life-like and hcautifiil. Connterfeit vignettt's u>ually have a sunken and lilelcs.-. appearance, (ieiniinc \igm'ttes, as seen u|i(ni government issues, consist of out-door scenes, portraits, historical pictiiros, and allegorical figures. They are idl ex< cedinirly licanliful, and it i> not likely tliMt Mich uork will ever Ih' su<'- eessfnlly iniitatetl. SOLID PRINT. Tho lettering, <»r soliil print, in gemiiiie work is done hy a first-class artist, who makes that kind of work his exclusive con- cern. The name of Ihi' engraving tompany is always cngnived s^itii great pains and is very accurate. It will \m seen on the upper and lower margin of tho note. Tiiis, in counterfeits, is not (julte uniform or even. The words "one dollar," as on the one ilol- lar grccid>ae intimately connected with its manufacture. The.secret of tho paper-making is jealously guarded, a-s i.s also the paper it.solf. From the moment it i-j made until it gets into the treasTiry vaiilts it is carefully guarded. It »o(> there in small iron .sjifes, the sheets carefully conntv^d, and all precautious against its loss being taken both by tho govermuent officials and by the express companies which carry It. I , I ' t I DKTKrTINU CXJUNTKKKKIT MONKV, COUNTERFEIT SIGNATURES. Soiin'tiiiK'H jjriMiiiiiK' iiiili'K iii't' »li)li'ii iMflorc Ihoy lire hiiriK'il; iIm'Ii till' iiiily tliiiii.'' iiIhiiiI iIu'Iii nm

  • t'oiintrr- f'cil i« till' .•iiH' tuiiiio of a lirokcn to that of II r*>H|)unMil)|i> ItiinU. KirHt.iii alt('riiii.'a note, i( is niTiipcil until thin; then li;.'iin s ot' lari;i'r ili-noniiiialioii arc [ta-^ti'd over. A pasti'cl nofi- may In- ilctnti'il liy holdinir it np to Iho li^'lil, wliiMi till! paxtoilpartH will ap|H>ai'iliii'koi', as tlioy ar« liiiikrr. Si'i'oml, till' ili'iiornination of a iioti' is raii4i>i| hy tak- Uxfi out II low mil' with an arid, and printing' in a hi^hor oiii' with a roiintrrfi'it Hiainp. Tlii' ink Jisnl in ;,'i'nii- ino liank-iKito pi'intiii;i; is ii priiiliar kind, and not fanily to Ih) obtaliinil hy connti'rfi'iterM; thcrofons thoir printiii!.'' will not appear as rlcar and liriirht as that of till' ''iiviTiiiiii'iit, whiih is done with ink of tlici UNITED STATtS TREASURY BUILDING, WASHINGTON, D. C. tini'st fpiality. If tiip ink is hlack, it <;ivc's a rlciir and glossy imprt'ssion, without any of that smutty appear- ance, as is sometimes seen in foiMitei'f'cit bank-notes. It is almost impossllile to imitate the (' a hrokoii until tliiii ; tlicn iuHti'(l ovor. A ni; it lip to tlin I- ilaikcr, as tlicy irt ruirtod Ity tnk- itiiii.' ill a lii^rhor ik \iM'i\ ill ;,'iuiii- ' kiiiil, iiiiil not tlioreforo, thoir liriirlil as tiiat of ith ink of tlio r luoro or less TES. Ii ono that is with llic (lis- cu imlicalcil. r cacli iioto as vcr lo sec tho •(ilial)ly catch II, a critical DETCCmNO COUNTKUKKIT MUNKT. ' pxaminution «tf all iU* piirtit hIiouIiI t>n niatln. In cttue of doubt, llm lutho work mIioiiIiI Imi cttrofully oxumiiiiKi, iiii'l it iiiuy Iw cotniiun'd with u |K>rlVctly good bill ; thoii nxuiniao tho 8hiidiiig uroiind tho IcttorM, and Hcurch for Hiiy nlgtx of altorHtioii in tho titio or donomination of tho noto. If thoro arc any ni(Mlullion lipmU or ahiohltt, notice tho linoMj if thoro in any rod lctt4!r work, designod to appear on Iwth HidoB, look at tho character of tho work on tho faoo, thon turn tho noto and oxainino tho back. If tho printing is not oxui'tly aliko on both HidoH, but varioa in any part tho not« if counttirfoit. Thon olisorvo tho vignotton and portraits, to sih) whcthor thoir ntylo and |M'rfootioii comimio well with tho work on genuine iiotoH. 'I'hcn oxamino tho wolid print and ongnivors' nainoH, ad well 118 tho printing, ink, and paper, liy niioh thorough oxamination, one can hardly Ikj at a Iosh to dotoruuno tho Hiatus of tho noto. Good magnifying glasses are nocesHary, In most InstaiKW, to brhig out tho fine linos on bank-notos. SomotimoH a microscope of great |)ower is recjuircd tc discern the gonuiuo line. PIECING. ETC Countorfoitors soinolinu's make ton bills of nine by what is ti'nncd picciii is cut iutu ten piucvs by the cuuutertieiter, aud tbuae piet'CM aro uHml in pitH'ing nine genuine bills, from each of which 11 pioco has Imh'u cut. Tho nine grnuine pieces, thus obtained, .iro then ptisted t^igethor, anf Maxims. jr ImllttonlatH, Alxilition nf Slaverx. Tlic 11 ','arne?t opiwrn-nt-* of the institution of rm Hlnvrry were so.cuUeU, Irom their iincom- \ proniii*luif spirit anerelst<'nt effort.* i:i ^ tile * and tiettlenient *tf Ame»,^ \ gave r* ^e to tliat foul stigma on ehri'tenili .11. the African slave traile, by wliieli nilllto-.i ot the iinliappy Africani were torn from tiieir native countiT", anil sub. Jected to a n i!iirteil tlin slaves from Africa to America wcr»* uverciiiwdcd. and ttie extreiiiest aiilTering, re^ui;ing in ttie'.^ FiTuii the be^'nniiitf of our national hLstory up to the war of HilVi, negn) slavery existed i-i this c(*initry. It wiw op]>H«Hl prior to ITTtj by the ijiiakers, i>r Society t)f Kri»'nds. slavery w;is !i>Mlished in lije northwest territor>- by tiie ordinal. V..' of 17i<7, in the state of New York by Ifradu.d cuianci|Kition act in 1.'''.^, and in the territories wi'st of the Mi«-si)*sippi by the Mis. sonri couipromi.se. Tlie tntttlc in slaves wiw suppresscil by law in (jreat Ttritaiii in l-*)?, :.nd likewise by liie Uniteil States m 18W. The colo. nizaliiiii society >. is or„'uni.:cd at Wxslilni;ton in Ulii, to colonize free white negroes, and a colony was estal'li^hed i»ennaneutly at t'a|K' Mesumuj. This colony l»ei-anie a- inde|it»nd»'nt republic itl PM7, under the tifiiueoi i.it>eria, witii Monrovia a.s its capital. From l-'Ji, William Lloyd Garrison, and others, favoietl aliolition wttlu'Ut i-egani to colonization, un the first of Junuary. IKIl, (iarrison Ix-ifmn puiilishing The LiViiT'-'r in Boston. This was fullowe>n the In^is d immediate £iboUtK)ti. In December, I**), the .\mer:car r.iitUtiveiy society was fo.ined -.1 Pbiladelphia, jUuU*!: (ireun being president, and I.ewli Tap. psa And .lolin (".. Whutier K«cretarie§ of the 00B7«ntlnn. Tbe slarery que^rioti *Uuk t>e«ane imtx>null/'.Kd, and the alioiilinn |urty asiumeU the Impurtanee of a (rana moTemanr The origlual anMslr.TarT aocltty split in iiM. Whit. tier, U«rnt •: :'h, anUother* well known, leav. | lag Mae radliMii Uarriaonianv, aad foiialag. iu '■ l*l», the Ameiieaii and Korelgu aatUlaTer>' sooiety. Mr. Garri:ton, throusii bis neweiMt|i«i-*, -•lullahed mcoeskivBlT. and Jo«hua R. U id ding*, ot Okie, iu coni(re<<, laited tkeir rei. re se Uut the Ttieie country h«ar^. tkeai. Mr. Owrlaan was fln*t ^:^,;^;c:el. to most bitter denuncia. tions. Pud aft<»r T.) rtl, in Octidx-r, is;r>, on the occas^.in (fa inceiinirof tlic Female antislaver>' socic;.y in '*'»ston, In "ore whidi lie lntendelition -'iitiuients, lie resitled at Alton, Illinois, where iiis printini^ otllte wiLs l»rok---n up !*y ;; i,\o\: of iiicii diietly from tile slateof .Missouri. One of tlie princi. I^il fell lures ot the abolition mo' ciienl, wius the ]!ro«biction of " I'ncle Tom*... Cabin," by IlaiTlet Ueecher Stowe. The matter Ilrst appeariMl as a serial story in tin' Natiniml Km, at Wa^hint^. ton, ISi'd-",;. The inonilof titat .--tor^'WiLs forcibly ilniwn as airainst tlie awliil curse of slavery, and the rise of the reimblican [Mirty iu ISV; was, in tact, ilue to the renins of Mrs. stowe, as arty, the nbolitiim- i.ii.M met at Warsaw, Xew York, 1;J Novein»-c:r, Isii, and placearty, let n! nnfraiG, in Aiiguxt, and again noin.nat* ' di Kirn^y, then of Michigan, and Thouia* .Uorris, of nido. This ticket for preeident and vlce- preeirtent, recelred «-2„ioo vote*, cauting the defeat jf Henry "lay, whig candidate, and the eieetlOD of Jama* K. Polk, demociat. Thaabo- Ulianimaa^baequrntly vutea with the free.tuil and republican partle.s. Froin 11.^ to IMM, the ai>olitioniRts aided fugitive sljves (in spite of tlie 'uginre slave law) toescajie from theaoiith aad pllottKl tkemthrough the northern state* to C'anoila. The oripinization was known as the ''iiderground ralliw.id. In the exigencies of tlie war for the union, the fu{jitive slave laws were tlually alKili.shed, is .!une, IS'd. The complete alMiKtionof slavcrj' viLsaccouiplislaiias a result of that war (ISdl-Ti). For inloruiation concern. in;f t he iireat measures involved in the abolition movement, see ( irlinance of 17S7, Missouri Com- promise, Wilinot I'l-ovi.ao. Comproniiso of 1850, and KansiLs and Nebni.ska. AllHiny Regency. A name given t*i the giolltlcal faction wh.cli, frxim IS-J*! till l.s54, managed the dt'iuo^'nitic party iu New York. .\li Talk and No Cider. .\n expression used by dis^ustid luemtK'rs of tlie iMsly |>olitlc Iu Bucks county, I'ennsylvania, where a com. puny met to test u liarrel of cider, |iresum- ably d.irlng tlie liard. cider 'iid log. cabin cainiwitni Political topics were discussed with .so iiiuc",! enthusiasm lliat too Iwrrel of fluid wa-s ibrgotten until sevcml iiepHins got up to retire fniui the meeting, saying at the same time tliat the concern ot the S|>uakers was "all talk and no cider." Antalgamatlnn. .\ term often used to indicate the prociss of ."eiuiratiiig gold and silver from their ores, or the combinations of iiiercui-y with othvr uietal.s. In the I'nitt'd States It is improp. irly applit'l tot'ie mixinif 0/ nu'cs, as the black anil the white. .American .\ssoeiatlon. The name of an lusso. elation, as proimsi-d by the continental con. gress [1774), the niemlx'rs ot which should agn.H> not to trade Willi Uront Kritalii, the West Indies, or with |urties engaged lii the shivo tr.idv. .Vmerlean I"arty. See Know-nothings. .Vmeriean Whigs. First American jiolltlcal |t\rty. Fpjm 17(i:) to 177.'), the tories favored |v1TEI> STATES. ty Names, ^Maxims. wus known aa the liooxigi'niicsof the ivc Slav.' l.iKH were l^A. Tlie complete >ini>li.s;ic(l IIS a result luriniilioii concem- ve■ "i! ": ilrdtred The name whi^ ilh patriot, and "*u were called by which crimes eminent up to a that thejr cannot e BolIt.T partlea. prarlamatlaii of oiilliei'H citizens M.t. ts. AntlBMaarr- The iiociety of free iniuonn was riata^*ns in Septer, t-^Sl, nominated WU;jia» Wirt, of Maryland, ;;nd Arao3 EUmukcr, '>{ PemnsTlraiiia, for jtnsidcnt and vice-presi. An orBrantzrd op]K>sition to ma. auTitl rijiits of afnioultural lands in New York ita^e. Tcmaats had deeds for their farms, but paid aaual rental in kind in lieu of a principal mm. wUcb oaasKl diwontent ai.iong the ten. mai» alter IT'^'i. After is.2i the tenants beinin a reifB of loTX'T and refu»<*d to iiay rent for some t«* jcara. In IMC the antircntcrs procurey iK-t of apjiortlon- BMBI. paasnl in eonsrress, Kehmnry, liWJ, by -irbarlairB* ««qatilisben!»e i»f n'pre!.fiitut tvca, .%H4]ier ;.!, ■ ,,<' ||ie ami aiMt !■ f^e «Meor liack. near the ttackbi>iie, by *G«il«tan. tit the IliUtimore and Potomac la Wa&hln:rt«n, at iirin a. m , on tlieJd Jslr. no. aBdan.r a ivtinfiil illness of nearly IbRC iCTlha. SBddenly explri'd at ia:r> p. m., Miadar. ScfilCBlier 1!>, issl. See Execulion of \.4«ia«i^BiL Amtarwmrf. Tlial fumi of (tovermnent In wlilrb tbit tovtr^gn exercises nu'-ontrolletl i>owir, TBrtitry *■■ • Mi^dfWf tl>e1el^i^la1 ive and e\veriinient. >ratt«»l States. \n institution that I faMSVpo''"'^ in 17111, but did not ^o Into I till 17M. It was the tli>t one of tlie kfnl la theooaatrr, and c.«tAbllshed at t he su^'. B« J tip w of Alenai'.er Ilamilt. Its charter e sy t e eiJ hy Hmltat ion in l«ll. andtheelTort to msoc4n«ank to Ui vishdmwa fimn It in Septemlier, 1M.1. This net pnadaecd iDnrli excitement thron^dunit the aaioa. Tlie wrnate jiussol a re^olutlon of cen. a«i« la Hairh. 1KM, which was expunged by ocilerof the «enate in January, IS37. ■artiw a s. $<« Hard Cider and Log Tabin Cum- arte. Oaewboattacbeshlnwelf tothe iHxly puTiosefi. An epltUrt a|>|ill<>d to the anil. iher« of the democratic party in ."be uune wasKircn by those who the old story of the man whoso iBfenred vlth rata, anil who knew of no tiettpr way to rid himself of th^^vi «x «« ti « by burning tlie barn. The lrruim«aa; Iteiwdi crats who Ui'flirefl to nb•lll.4^ all because of :,lietr dis.'^utisfiw'tloa ^^^ith theooipo- rutlon and system of the (.'nicer. *t*tf» taalL. (See rtank of tho t'nited State*) The tinra. burners met at I'tlca, •--June, L-rt*, nated Mr. Van Ilun'n fi «r presidf^nl, DiMlge, of Wisconsin, for Tlce-pmUcat Se» nnnkeiM. liluck Repiililiran. .\n eptttetuedtiyacsber* of the demoenilii' piirty in lUtnotf tdil *•>*»•- where, to I'.stinguish a nuli<.\>i n»ti>ibti vjir Ok' Sfltl^ wiiile the Itriii.-h tie. t Uiy off S«» f'onn., blue lights were of.,!n attm shore; ami it wa.sclaimerl that these iisi'd us signals to the enemy bythOMr who had opposed t' <• war. The ei>itbet wa» !k • as it was never shown that an A niai i sa a blue light in such aciioae^ RoU. To hiivo a polit'eol istitr j i Maal y: to neglect or refuse to vote for. It> meiit iKitronagu in a commimity^ fltale. or sectliMi. It is trim tliut he wa.s remnml tar Kf* better reason tban to make riKiui (for *>n<^ c^f Oaaaenai^s IieiK-hmeii. and thereby strengthen the pffwrrui lb,' I'eiiiisvl van! 1 '•'««.■.. . . It w :.« iCn^ulami sei|iiil to the pie^idi'iit's In'I'.ruTnentoO'aiarrua as the Ihius of I'cnu-sylvanui.— «JltiraguTtil«Bia«'. .Liiie.'i, Ivs-J. We denounce the svstem which auke* imnmL- go and spoils out of pmllc ome«», ae ifca waix * the lioss Mile wlueii, » li.'^n tamely , nrtTf^rJ, aualaa leadei-s Into autiM'rats und r*"'. -■ja«scif iltlzensliiii into p.ilitle:il U :: ' . -raaad. Iiwtead of III,' iiisi,|t'iii'e, ir' -. • ■■» t^T. Miiny ot b<,s-.i iin, 11." tree ui;d ■ -■ . • i :- else' ol private judgin*'nt l.i r,.iir:."». i "i.*-. — Major Merrick, rtiinsylvania. Jnr :. .*!•_ Some maile a fuss, asof tH\*s it t. About the bllUbte, refmia:;- ..i . Bill III 111*! iiincii my price fl *- ri^f* And I'm the lios« of leir'- , Itoiinty. A preniiiim paid by g r. .■;. — .l: ;._ iht priHliicers, exporters, or importer* of ecrlBia commodities, >.-:tb tl;e view of eti«»»>iai':i«p»gr tSae prosecution of these bmnrbeHOf larfaMry; alKt. a sum of money given by irireraaseat to |*t. sons enlisting ill the army or naryp fa ovtfcr to induce thi'iii to eater these Ilrother Jonathan. (Mivemor bull, the elder, of ('onni-cttral. «■» the live of the state named at tlw tiSK Gcacnl Waxhington was In comnHOalof ary anny. The genenU p In the wisdom and sympathy of thi» nor, who was in a ixMition to tM MlB lug the wants of the \:my. 9« the Una originateil fnini a remark of W»bia«laB. IhM he must consiit " lipither Jonsltaev'* Tbe army was confronting the BrftNb trtnrr Bon- Ion, ami Itnither Jonatlian. on lirtr^ m i'i iiwl lod by tlie commander. «.-* iiid as rendered the army more tfcal ir* *" a difficulties afterwarfl arose In the uriay. It bwanie a by-word, "We must consult Ilrother Jonathan." This lonii has now become charuc. tensile of tile whole country, as J.ihn Bull has for England. Barktalls. A term applied to the political oppo. iients of I>e Witt Clinton, a publicly active r:tizen of New York, wlio lllleil the ollli e of mayor in l!?l.'». The biicktai; i w/ t.'ie taP of tho d*'i'r. Hence the name. BaC^M'ar. -V notlointr fancy lliat Is rei.iili-l from tlie 'dunipor through a iiev simper by a political »4-nsa11onallst, to scare the unsophisticated pco. pie into the supjKirt ofaincasnre or party; a wareerow; a man of straw; aixilltical sensation. Balldozp. To inlimidate. The term orl;;inated iu Louisiana, where it wa.s used after the war of 1H»;1-.S, in connection with tlie alleged Intlml. dtttion of negro voters In that state. Bnllionl.4. One tliat prefers coin, Instead of ]iai»».*r, iLs money. Bunimpr. A woiihless pei'son, without any Tlsl. ble means fif sup|>irt. In iKilitics, a sort of all. lalk-nnd.n<. cider fellow. Baneome. S]>cecli-niaklng for purposecof poLltl. <'.al intrigue; mere talk. Oaaipal^n. The four or live months whlcli iutar- Tenes lietwi'cn the nomination of cundidatM lor preiiident, and the liny of elect Ion in Xorem- ber. "<'anviLss," t • seek for Inflnenco or voteij^ alio. lyJt used in the I'liited States, to cellmate or t" eonnt votes. Clarpet-tncKer. One of those unprlacipled ad. venturers who sought t^i prollt by iiliindrrlng the defenseless people insonieiiartsof the south. .Mter the w:ir of ISi;|-.". the term was used with effect during the jierlod of reconstriu tioii. The?-** is fliK.dhi'r InfliieiH'c efimilly injnrloiiH aHtli tbeii-s (kn-Kl!ix).andiigfeiitdeai"iiioriMletrl. ■aei'tal to the tame and chaiHcter of the lepnhli. can juirtv. 1 allude tti what are known as tlie "thievingt^ariM't-liaggers."— Honice (ireelpy, New- York. June I'J, ls71. Caaeos. .\ meeting of the leaders of a iiollfieal jcirly, to consider and agree uism a iiliin of anion for the camiiaign. C^^n^us. .\n i'liiimeritiou of the people, made ever^' leu years in the I'liited Stales. Charleston, Kraeuatlon of. Sec under tlie liead of "~wamp .\ngel." Charter nak. A tree in wliich the colonial cbsrI'T was secreted, at lliiitloi-d, i.'onn.. In luss. p.lowii down In ls.",tt. Ciril lUeiits Hill. \ iiieiusiire, having iiassed thn wr.ate, .tpi-ii 'J, was adopted by the bouse con. trary to the president's veto, by a vote of I-'-' to 4L This wa.s for tlie protecllon of llie freeil- men. but did not glvi? 1 liem tin' rigid to vote. For til is latter purixisethetlftecnth a mend men t to the national constitution was adoptefl by ocmcress -Jlitli February, W,!i, and having been mtifl'il by thri'<'. fourths of the states, was deciim-"! effective .Hit h March, ls7(i. Oril MTTlee Iteforin. In accintesltlo:i -ln', o:i two iK-ca-slon.M, in lt^:Oaii'I i:i ! .">). hiK*co€(U'(liji cffoctliiK * lOiiipm. iiilsn tx'twccii Iho Klavo Ktat^i!! and the aliuU. tlonlstH. Coninonwralth, or Urpubllc. A J'onn 'if gov- fniment in wliU'ii tli('iH">plc,i>rfttlca:itrti)orlion of ihrni, ;;:■ ' u'-Uu twl^'l^tnl \]\o snnir(M)f p«iwor, and liavri ili'^diriTt apiKJlntm^'iil of tlionfflcora of 111© U'gishil\i:*' aji'l txn- .: ivi?. When the ImmIy of the p<"'oiiU) Ui i»orowrr, tliii i-t rallcl a ili'inforary ; when thr suprenm iH»wf r Is Kwlged la tlio hamU of apart of the I'wiple, this U callcU an «rl«t4»cra('y. Sec Ext'ollrni'y. . . . Thp rXatri wa^ wllHnR that ln» MinnM )>r anvthiiiif HO that liflid not intru'lp nitliin thv Holivt cliclf whtrh rnli"! th^ o«>mmcmwf»Hlth. Hv I ho w:iy, Ma-sHi-husftl^ mpmi- ha-^ htM-n asiiU4>; it liuai Iway^ Irr^n a '■c->ijnnonwfiillh,"an'i inHtHli ciii^iml tli*» union, an 1 r**taiiiH limt offlri.il (Icrtin- natlon lu ihls tlni*?.— Chicago Tribune, NoTenii'«'r 10. I'W'i. Community. A i^ihrine of ^K'ial llvin-j ostbl*- lishe, al OtitM'la, 1 111.' .^tatr' of Ni'W V.rk. in \M7. Thf I.'a^!in^' prini'lplesof ihft comniunity arc: niconoiliatlon toi;<)'I, salvatiiin from .••in, .eiMwinltion of tho hrothrrtuHxl nwl r^piulity of uian and woman, and tho lummunlty of UU)r and it.** fruit**. The riMuninmly wa.s iH>or at fli-st. Imt It hus ♦-ur- viv^Nl nil vi(*i?f ^tuvrry, had iMM'onir ho intonsi* that llii' h'adli^ ^latrsmm thoiij^ht It ht'St to fffiTt aiKdhiT (N rnpi-oinlsff {sv** Missouri <'onipri-4 of spitlr- m<'nt \ia-* iiniposf^l by Hrnry Clay, UTrhninnaii of aH<'lri't committer of thirttH-n that lud In-otx KpiKiint»'th May, anrndent states, tho centp.tl authority of whi(h havhi>c »'> [wiwer to cnforee any of Itri niou-Mun^ nj>on the ludiviiJual statcH, that lH'lni< In the liand.s of thi'ir own >;overnnuMitJ«. Tho Ornianie confudcmtion heluugfl to this clasH. CiHifrdrratfo Statei. A Hr[Mnite K*'V<*rnn)ent formed hy the Hcvcns(tuthem states whiehwrrr the llrst to seoodc fn>m tin* nutiomil union in ls61. Coiisrt^sHof dele^pites met, Kelmiary 4, at Mont;^oni'>ry, Ala., whero. l»y joint uetion of South Carolina, deorKia, Alabama, L.tni^iana. Florida, and Misiiisslppi, (T^xa.-* dt'h;;ales not tK'ln{< Rirpolnted till luterV a provisional ron. stltutlon was adopted, and, ni\ Kehruary !», JefTcrson Davis, of .MiHslssippi. waa circled a-* |Trwtl< [Kissed an aus, May '', N;i, p(U«*, a:id puiillsluHl a deelanitloil i)f their ri^litJ* an United States. TbeHenateand h'u:seo( repreHcnlatives. Connertl'*iit KeMrrw. A largo distrlet of land retaluLsl by C'ounoctlcut wh<'n the laiid.^eom. jiriKin^ the nna*'reH. Calhtlalfo Wt'sU'ni Uescrve. .'^ee Northwest Territory. Consrrvallvr. One who.so aim Is to prtw^rve from innovntiunur radical clian^o theexistin^ institution!) of tho country, both civil and ecelesiiisllcul. Constlt4ition. The estubllsliiHl form ot f^overn- mcMt iu any countiy, stale, or eommuMily, wUetluT that Ik; a body of ^vntten laws or T>e founded on prescriptive us;i';e. Iu re^.»rd to political i)rlnci]iIeH, etmstitul ions iire (1) demo. ei-ulic,iLs In th'5 Cniled Stales, where the kai ty. Continental. A term that was ns<'d before tlu' American derlatulion. It hul s;H*clal tippllca- tb>n to the e4iloiiies as a whole. In colonitd Ihnc.-* a meelintr of delegates fnnii tlie various colonies Rtrmed a continental eon^;i-ess. M'hen Kthan Allen was asked hy what aullH>rtly la- demanded the surrender of Tlcondenij^o. he replie« Mnt'ntnl congress, coMsiritlnK of Ilfty-llvetlehrj;. ! ., 'nan nil tta* eoU>nies except (leorKia, met at Phila- delphia, 4ni the. Mh SejitemlMT, 1774. This Iwidy. on behalf of the ixKipte, as KUbjectH of the Uritish |N)wer, Inimed a dei-laration of rt^bls, and drew up an address (o the kin;,', at. other to tbe|M'oplr of lireiit Britain, a id a t lilnl (,> ili<< 1 eolonies, T'heeotonist:* demandeft t heir lights, i imrtleularly In relation to u Just shaiu In Ihej regulation of tlielrowndomoatio nUUIra, and in lm|K>slnr; 1 heir own ''iJtes; the right of a speedy trial by jury In the btrality In whieh tho offense should lsM*omnilltee<'laralion of Indepcmh re. Contraband. lit I.-m thfir mas- ter, were brought l>rrore him. Kach was i'xamlned and then tn'i at wot k lor tlie benefit of the government. ^Vhen they were applied fur by onfedenite ofTlcers on belmlf of tho owner (Colorii'l Mallon ), tlie general replif*d that he should detain the ne;:.oesascontnibaud of war. Convention. A nnndlng orassembly of Indlvid- n;il *. This term is \nv*rv particularly applksl to a formid meet in;:, '-v ai; asH'mMy (d' dele;:al.';i fir representatives t- >ri hi' tnm.saelion of In.jwir- tant busiiies-, civil iir eci-li-^iastieal. Ckimentlon 4»f 1*87. The Utdy (d 4lclt'gate.s fixmi the4>ri';inulsl.H4'S, whi.h irat at Philadelphia, •i.'i May, 17-7, to rev i>e and p4'rlecl tin- fundamen- tal laws 4.f the eoufeib-nicy. At tiiat time tlm neee^siiy f'f M mon-enicieut gen4-ndf;overnnu»U was4'\ten:-iv) ly felt, and after a session of about four niontli-^ the eon V4 -a Hon agn-eil on the fed- 4'nd const itui ion. That instrument was tnins. milt«'d by 4'ongi'4'ss to tho .several stall's, \n nearly Us present form, ami was, In 17v4, niliih>d by 4deve;i of them (aft-Tward by the otiier two) and beeann; tlie e m«)ld public HiMit hnent in f ivor of ili" war tla-n be|n%' \\iu:4d against (;r4'at Urltain (M.'-U— tho siHNuiil war tor IndeiHMuh'Uce). II(> attacWe4l He Wilt t'llnton, i.nd was ..nswer4'd by a shurp writ4'r, wlio«ditirg4'd with all but a vo4-alm!ary 4if sariMstie terni'^, among wliich one cbai"ucter- l/.inglhi- C-MHlies as the "s;i;iwn "t fi ilcralisnj and jin*iibinism." Cuoii. T1u!i>opular emblem of the whigs in tho 4'am|ttiigti 4)f IS44, when Kei:ryClay and Theo. FiTlini.,'bnys4'n W4're <':in:dent and viee.pr4*sldi'td. Mt. Vmm Pureu h mI iieeri called "the ^ly lo\ of KimlerlKMi!;," In cons*;. 4pH-uceid hispreviouiieaudiiliicir', Mr ('ia\' hud lM'4*n siMdci'n nfe«lcr.iiea w4to so-eulled, during the civil wttrof l%/!l-.'i. C^irii Klt^ht. A right to 4>ne hnmlri I acr4's of land, tliat wasae.piired in 4'arly tlrms by t.ttiso w Iio plant4>d nil aero or moie (d corn. la \'ir. gtnltitla^ prlvilegt* l(»so4ibtain l.i id wits t alletl ('4>rnrigbt. i:4»rp4iraPrt Oimnl. Tlai nnwi in 4-ongress who snpjKUled I'resident Tyb r alter he l..el Is'en iiMiotUH'ed by the wliIgN, tn Is41. Cradle (ir Liberty. Fain-uil hall.iu I'ntston. Tho orators of tlic revolution raised their \ olcea theruHgninHt IlrlllHhojiprevaion. I m • i Ill' right iifftRiK.o(ly ill "lilrlKliooTriiso II' rl;;hl lul.oM j,,,!,. ii^'aiii.-l urljltniry llll roMcn-M imi lit ii:ii| a.ldijtci ti-T liinli's. A pi-iitloii n,'l.in.l .'..-kill- for a IllillfCIl <',)l.)|il08 nil) 11 f,(li iij iiiilmi, 'mil tiic KL'ii ral ai-itli.ii WM iliun-n I'Slslllllc,. ),, iJiliisli ty was aiil!i<)rizeil; iK'imtincnljl ; 'iiy, nciiilK'f (if till nil. Kill ill co^iiiimiiil. I' rii ('luitpiiiliiiff, f'l' I'l'Il-tlluIlDiiuI IKli'iKlllll IT. K'l-il II. r. Iliitlpr IS .Miiiinir, a nil,,,. I Inuii iiii-ir luu.s. Iiiiii. Kucii ,v[^ I'll liii- lllc llPlioflt <<'fy «<'ii'«j,p|ji,(j "11 iii'iuiir iif (1,0 !<■' Ki'iu-iiil n.|,||r,i '"■'•ast-i„itnilMua ii'llllliy „f iiiillvid. I'lllaily ilpiilli^I ,„ iiMy or '1,.I,.;^:„,,,3 ii'lidii 111- l.i,|i„|. ^tii'iil. ' il''l>'i:iitr.s film, I III I'liiludi'lpliiu, I'l Illi' I'lMhl.lliii.il- At tiiat iiiii,. ti,„ ''l-Illl!,'iiVlTllIll(„t l''l'.Svil.lll,fftl„,||t ^'r.'i'iliin tlio f,.,!- iiii'Mt nns tmiiH. I'vcnil .siati.H, In «, ill ITvi, mtiii,.,! •y tlU'ilIlHT tWil) >'f till) riiitca 111' KlllIO llf \ryf imlrck Ciioiiy '• ' li'iilin^' uplilt. I I'll liavorcd to III til" wart iii'ii 'IIM (M.'-Ii-llio ?■ Ki^ att;uki.(J ■•It'll iiy It ii!iMr|, It u voi-Mlailary "llf t'liamriiT. II "f I'l ilrnilisiu 1) w liKH III tho lay am rill.,.. f')l ITI -iiii'iit iri'u h.i 1 liiTn >!;.*' 111 i'oii.s«. -.y, ■ t ill >■ liuU ■I c. mil. ■ Tho Jf a !lT " lluit ICCI iiii ■ 'in if 1 Ur 11)^) .irs Willi the ill',' lhi. I'ivJl Iriil ai'i I'i Of ■III')* l.v tiMMO oni !• \ir. 111 Ha.si allcHl "iilfri'sii who 111- 1 ail IMIOM , ioni •11, The « tlll'l I- ^ > lIl'CS POLITICVL HISTOHY OF TIIK UNITED STATES. Crf>(Ht Moblllflr. In FmiuT, u tri'linnil niK-lPty crttnblislHMl In ls.Vi,ui»in Uw priiK'tpU-' of IhnitM linbillly.untler tlio BiLiictioii of tlir povcninuMit. The ciipitiil wiisflxett al*:n,0()(',noo fn\nrx, (liviilfil into Hliarrfl of .VX) franco au'li. (Mijccts of tho Booii'ly: To aM the progn s of publio wnrkH, tiiifl pnjiiiotf tlmdovolopint-nt of iiatlonHniuliitt- try, iimkinj^ nillwnyH, iniiiia;M, for tin buying up of tlic slmrcH nnd boti«iH of oxlstliiK trading' N(K*iPtlfH nnd t'oiuj»imlc8, for tho pnriMwu of consolidivtin^ them int*) on*! comnioti stiK-k, nnd forlho tmun- artion of jri-ncnil haukliif^ nnd bn>kcmpr oi.cm- lions. The funds for thu wirrylnj? out of thuMi divorce oprmtions aro, (I) tlio cnpltAl of tlio company, nnJ (J) thiMl;^|H>ultH nHt*ivoflny, Rnd tho lli-sf mortj^ai^i! on tho mih*ond tnk. n tliorofor; thud tin; building of tho n)ad was prrividofl for with ])ublio funds. Tn ft feu* ypui-s. this ont«'rpriso havlnj; |>Rflsoth tho bonds loano4| by tbn ^iovernnient nnd the jirlvatoloan of tho coinin-ny; this contracting with thomsolvoH to jiay tlnunsolvufl twice the fiiir cost ad with tho government iMinds, which wore a Hocoiid mortgage on that com- pany. "Now, you Ho*',"siiid Mr, (iroeloy, con. tinning, "those gontlonion who engmooi-od tlirongh cfmgress this project of innklng the road cohI double what it Hhould ct>H*, and nmk. lug half the cost a dividend appropriated among thomaelvoH, those gontlonion now appear before congrcsa for additional advantages." In Feb. niar>', 1R7:I, the committeo ap]x)li)tort wlilch aikiar.ed the ]>oophe at largo, nn' of the Iluchanan admlnlstmtton, In attempting to foist tho Lccompton constUu- tlon u]H)n the iieojileof Kanwis. An examina- tion, after the aptwilntment of tho »^jmmltleo, .'ith March, I'^iiO.roHidtcd In developing tlio tnith of the cliargcd of corruption. Soo Leoonipton Constitution. I)urk ITorno. No donht thnt this phmso orlgl. natofl fnmi the coloring of horses by Jo Surprise Candidate. From whencn Is lo como the "dark hoi-«ie?*' Some say It will Ijo Druniniond. some miv Hyde, HoTiio say Spring, and others Ulalne. The inan whom tlie ring luw determinon t/i load tlie republlcnn party Is now cngnfotl In the lionest and peaceful occupation of a flshennnn, and his name is WllUnm 1*. Frve.— Boston Post, Maine jKdltic^ 1-wj. Declaration of Jntlep«ndeno«. The thlrte<>n c^donles slowly awoke to tho Idea of Indeiiend. once, Karly In the struxgle against (iront Hrltaln, any such de'*ign, tlmugh favontbly entert«iney tho other colonists, and by omipx-ss, July, 1775. Tho sentiment In favor of seiAration became more marke^l as tho war wa« trans, forrcd to tho south In May and June, 17T(<, nnd tho Virginia convention inHtrncteeclaratIon of Independ- ence, Demagoynf*. A politician who attemptfl to gain the i>eople over to his own wlflsh views by employing decoll and falselHMxl for tliat pur- pose; acliarlatAn, T>emocracy. So<^ (Vunmonwealth. Demncratlc Party. The ihoory of the old demo, oratlc. republican party was, popular govern- ment, with limitation o; *he powers of the general or f(*', tho party assumed the name of repub. lloan, by which It waa jiopularly known until n1>out iSTn, when the more radical jjortlon s*'p- ar.ito«l fnim tho cojiscr^Titlve element, and assumed the nnmc of national rcpubllcjin. The conservatives wen^ called deraocrata, but that term being regarded as equivalent to republi- cans, they were known aa republicans till nliont 1^*30. These pArtti«, until after the elwtlon of Jackson, In 1^2«, clnlmeon the title of deinocmt, nnd then* has lieen no furtlier variation of tho name of the paiiy hIiico, The democmta were suceeasril In sue- oos-iivo presidential elections until that of 1S40, when tho whips, with C»eneral Harrison, came IntoiMtwer. ProHidont Harrison died in Just one month after his lnai4niration, and thoHdmlnlH- tratlon under John Tyler lK>camo ilemmTatic. The administration of Jamcti K. Polk was next In onior, ikud then the whl^ again sucroodwl iu imA, when Goneml Taylor was elected. The democrata followed mltli the election of Frank- lin Pierce, In 1S.V2, and James Bucluumu In 18.V't. The attempt to force a pro.hlaver>* constltuti(Ui upon tho territory of Kansas, waa followelMtions, and itdjoiiriied to meet in Ulohmond, on the second Monday in .luiio. Tin- regular convention adjourned, Maj* ;;, to meet at P.altimoro, June H. In the r.altiniore Cfuiventitm there aro>*<' a disagreement on account t('plien A. Douijlas wa-s then nominated for prosldi-nt, and Her»'ohel V. .lohrison, of (leorgla, was nflerward selected t)y tho *'Xoeutive committee as candi- date for vice. president. The didof^ates who withdrew fntm tln' ortnvention at Baltimore, boiufx joinofl by dele.trations which !i:id born retused admission, assembled at Maryland insti- tute, .Tune '^s, hihI jtnt In nondnntion, ftir firekt. dent, John C. r.rookinrldge, of Kentucky, and J(ts»'pli l.une, of Oreg<»n, for vtcepro.sldont. Those who liad withdniwn fnim tho Charleston convention nnd at lUidmiond, Ju>\o U, and adjiUirned fnun time t<^> tii'.e until the Hecoden-' convent ion at liail ituore had nominated P,rc<'k. Inridgo ancl I.nno. when tho^o nomlnntinitH wen! Indorscfl. The demtuntt ic party, thus ecoitie a unit against slavery o\tenvi,iii ainl for the iinhui, wont before the country with small chaiicoM of success. Mr. I >ouglas took the stump, luid ina series of spoochc* in "liffoM'ut seeti«Mis of tho country, exiK)unwds <»f his country:. tu. He w:is all bitt idol, i/.f^l by tho free-soil doTiiornits, who r.iilied to his stiuidanl with enthusiasm. At the cIo( ion, the jxipular vote for Mr. Houglas was viry gnmt, but his c'.octoml vote was nimll. Tho defeat of Mr I'ouglas and tho democralic inuty by the republicans, with Mr. T Incrdn as tho*tuc. cessfid candidate, jtn>ved a cleatb-deallng ilisap. ]Mdntment to Mr Douglas, wliose ambition to rise to the presidency w:lm earnest, and seconded by the balU)ts of upward of one million three hundred and seventy ■ five thoti«iand of his friends. In his dying days he made very e (. plicit expressions of loyalty to the fotleral union ann?tvrn l»y the I'mti'l '*t:H''?« ** Min'im* rrnu-t, Mtiuli (i. lK,i7, wtion-by llpMl '^i-ntl, wild h:it| hrrn t-l:ihn<'<| im tk h!iiv(* ill n fn-o *(:i!n, wiw n-niaiiilf*! toslavnry. r-t>ii)wm aro»C' tli<^ i>'>|>nl:ir phrtsf, "Nr^'n»i».'4 hnvr no Hirlits tlmt wlitle men iin* bouixl to ll'-ilU'I't." Kniancipatlnn, The net n!" Hotting fn-*' tlioso piTttuvM li"!'t lis Hi'.ivrs. ri*<'sMt*lit I.tiuoln issiH'i! I'M pt'iclatnation '•! t'lnanripatioii, Jan- uary \, I^'i:'.. Era of H\.l i"'ii di rrrvj, t,.|ii .M.>i)rt»t< (Isi;- *-*.v. Tilt' iiv-i'N'iiI siart.'.l, ;i! May. l-^i;, and vi-itcd tin' inrtluin -itat.-i, liiH Joiiniry ct)n. timiiiitr tlirotitrli si'vni:;! tiioiitli^. Tli" ptttjilo rtM't'ivc'l liiin ''.t'lly.un'l tlr^ iMliM't o( ItU pi'r«. I ait' was Ini- ii'll liy alt wlut, lii Iionoroi his I Mill'. lii"*ti»uc nionwiitlth.) Thi- olllcc (>; j-ovt'intir <»f III" Htalf fs Ih'M |n hi;;h c-ttt'i'Mi i'l .Uaxsarli!i-.i'tt?«. 'Ilh* iiioi who i-r.c 111 > that p- -ilioii i-; i<-.iuii"l !<■ Ix' n| ii.>hl<- liiiu'liipiisof llar\'.ir'." mikI r. on or* lo :ri-'»:;iii/ to fonli-i 11 th.'.lr.-r ha- 1m (.aiit Tri-r if t!i<' un-iii tl.i' tti .niiv o i'lt lillii, \\ ilh .I- I» r-it.roi I I fllM't- r't)ini!li' Nov. l; sr-'Vcr ioii lis , oiiip .ukI lit av. s." ' Kvot .■ man \\ ho or tMvifs t lii'nc' t..'th in !o<'ior of laws.— (Miiravro KxiTullvi'. Th»- h'ad of i!u' cxccntiv* drpirl- iiu'iil of Ihi' :rovi rnaniil ;!s, iln* ^'o\ rrnor nl' a sUiIe. "I- pjoi.UiiU'f I ill I list I'd -talf. uiiuT wise ihr .'liitf inaLiislmtf, or tin* klnix. ]E.\t).-utloii«ir As'^iMsUis. Im\ id I*:. Ilarold,ortfv' A. Ai/« roit, law is I'ayn.' Powcd, and Mr*. K. Mtrratt.aiainnvIii'iHof Uooih hi tin- as-*U'>,sina. tloiiot Prisid'-nt 1. hicohi. wrro huiip^ 7th .July, Ww. oihcts wi ri' .-oat np to |>iy Tortnirai for lit!!. Ijt'iuy \'^ iiz, for iiu'liy to luihrn pi i>oii. fisiU \ndci-oiiviIU'. was Iniii'! In \Vash!ii::ion, 10 Novi-nilii I. InkV (,'harl''^<>id1i'uti; Un- niunii r of rn*'-idt nt <>arl)<'ld, vm-* hini'f, :«i .liiiir, l-'-O. S"o \ssiw.-lnai:on t*( l'n'>id('nls, Fintton. A t< nil iipplh'd 1m a hat. or (hit I'nd'-.iVor-, to rxcit*' pnJilii* di-»roiUriil N}>on nnrt-a.^oiial>h' ni-omid'.; one w lnK<»r divi-ion «d a j^irly. It<'ptil>lii'aii f.i 'lion tl;;hlsniay this ypanrivo the (U'iiin, r.its a iii.i.,irtt> m con^rVt -.- aiid a niiinlM-r of.rovf. ,r ]., ' ,r un !»'•■> thi.s faction ii;,'litin_' rtm. t lii'h's for t wo yi'ars l-in:it>r I'm' i-c^mIi oI lo-d iv wiMwnai-anli'fiioIliiii^'foriSN^.— New Vork Ihrald, Nov. 7, jsvj. FathtT of liK Country, (inor'^c \V;i.«h!n^toii, P itrtot and lirst picsiilrni of the I'nilt'd Statos, WHS so.raljftl. Ill' was cinniimndrr-in-rhii'f of tli(» AiiM'iir in annli's a man of iht- h ippi»'>t iiiifoii of Ko4id iinalitlrs. Horn on his f.iihcr'.s pslutf, hi \\ «-*tinc»it'himl ciniiity, Va., '.^-J Ki'Oni. iiry, 17-'.-.', and ail"-r a Ilf'- oi iinsnllit'd ;.dtiry, lii' died. II I>' .. i!il..-r. I?*;*. rnili*rul 4.»vi'ral sovfrciiin >-t itc-*, rarh state fi^'ii'LT np a |ivernriient. The most 'li^ll'ii^iilshed leadiisof llie feth-rd partv were \Vu-hln>rton, Adams, Haniilton, and .1 >y, the l.',.l:'!u' hderdi-t states wt-ie .Massi. uhnHells and t onnet llcnt, supportisl Kenenilly | hy tho nthrr New Enjjlund tttatos. Oppotwl to this parly, W"Mi' Jellerson, Mudliton, V -t : w, Ituir, andiiaUatin '.lepiihlicans), who werucalanl antldVdnalist-i. iind cliarjied with heinj; Indif. fereiit or hostile to tlK'ciiti'it itntioniind ^'Overn- inent. linrin^ the coMtests of tho Fremli revo- hillon th<* ledeinitist.s leantnl to the Hide of Kntxland, tho repn.iUeanH to that of Franco. The r|iNH«iliition of the hdeml purly was luts- teaid hy na.-on ol its opposition to the M^cond \vaiMlsr2) lor indrpendeneo. This war came lo pa.ssprinctiKUIy Irom tlie unjii>iclulms of tiivat ItrUain lolheri«taof soai-chiiiK American ves- ttclM for UodortefH and UrlUsh -•'amen. Ah a nniefnetl on the'ilth, ninth day alter the as-emhliii;,' td' that hody. The i)M>ral and visible elfcit of this con* venlion was felt alittte later when In Ks.H), thu f.'denil party wa.s completely disbanded. Kenian .Ui»vtates ,u Ids, aiwl atliibutcd to Jame* sii-phens, whit comiiu ncd the work of lenlanism in this country by lak'n>.'advanta„'o of the military or;.'ani/ation of the states to li.ixe Irishmen armetl, nnifornied. and drilled. Before the war of IsCI-o, there was formed n >i>!ei*el army of tliiify thotisand lli^htlii^ men. The lenians litu^'lit bravely dir'im; that war. and toward the *h'-e of |si^;, Ihey a-sinnei! a civil eonstitiition and e-tal-.eof brinfiin;;aboiil "the rr^uireo. tion of Ireland to indeiH'ad -nt nationhood.*' This idea iHiittribnteil tt» John *»*Mahoney, the llrst in-ejiidenl. In .January. \^l\ Ihemeuiljci^ of tin' b'ni.in .sonov.kn Uoss;i po.s,ses.ses I le hlsturie renown of liavinjf been Ih-slarie-.ted JaniesSleiihens.as the head eeiitc! of ihe mo VI meat, was at lerwaiil arrest. "d, and hiscM-apc Irnu custody wasalh'i t"d by U.e aid of fenians. Since Is7\ when the land b-a^fue w.Ls formed, it i.s i>resiimi!d that fenianism enteietUnto till) working powi'r *»f llie league, and i*slix)ii;^i'r now than the land iejiyue proiter, a^n'picsented by Mr. raruell. The Ulslnatlonal conj^ressol iheb-niun brotherhood w;ts licld in ('hieais, ,'ith DminlH'r, IMi. Tht' territory of the nation known its theoie-^on territory, lyin^r "ii the i'acille »K*eaa, north of till' flirty -second de^^n-e ol latitude, w.ts chiimed in jKirt by (iieat Ihitain. In Hl;{. a liii: wua lurried thron^di tln'senati* hy a inajorlly of onOf for laMnjj iHisse^siim \>t the whole of the di>. pnlcd territory, but I hi' hou-e refuseil to concur In this measuit'. In his mi'ss:i;;'.> of Is^i.l, the prcf^ident. (I'ylei) asserte-l iIm' claim on liclialf of the Inited Slates, in re^'uid to I hut territory, to the tmnillel ot :d de;4. 10 tuin. north latitude, and .lames K. Polk was cleitcd, in Isil, tw one dispoKfii to insist njM>u the .'d di*;;, I't udn. par- allel as the bound. iry of uri'^on. It was under- stoiHl that the rniled Status were to absorb Ihe whole of tho territory— the whole or none, "W-40 or flRht." However; tlie new proaldtMit felt that It was best to act In the lijiht of previ. ons eflTortA at coni|)romlse, In consiKiuenco of which tlio forty-ninth iwinUlel wa."* to bo tnc northrni limniriary of the territory of Hit nation. Finally (Is June. IMC*), all jirevloua ctfort.s having fjiiled, an adjustment of the northwerttnrn Ihumdary dNpnle was reaehml by m(*an<«oi »i convention, proposed by the nritLsh ndnlster. which decided n|M>n thr forly-nlnth dt*icre*of nor:'' latitude. From the Htand|»oint of thoseopi»osed to compromise, this wiw "tlui back-ilown frmn.'>4 4a." FillbuKtor. A corruption of the English free. boctor or bnccanrN»rs. " Filibustering;," a cant term mneh used 'vf late yeai-s in tiie lej;islative assembliesof the rnited states |o ileslgnate tho emi>loyment of |>arliame itary tactics to deteat a measure, by nilsin^ frivolous questions of onior. callH to the liouse, motions l(» adjonni, etc., in onler to weary out the opixisite [Kiiiy nnd to |?iin time. " FiMbtihters," Ihe imme given to certHin adv^ntureiN; the most noted lllibuMer was William Walker, who led an o.\pe. dition against Nicarij^ua, in IsVp, and succewlerl in maintainini< himself in that country for nearly two years, but was at leii;;lh expelled by the union aiurainst him of tlie other Centml Ainorican Mtatos, Walker was Hubse^iuenlly taken and shot at Tni.villo, in Centnd America, in HK», wlien enf,'ax«'d on another tilibustering t'.Tpedilion. Finu4iclul l*anlrH. The tinancial Iiistory of tho C(nuitr>' was marked by distress in IHU, wlien rnllod States treasury notes were seventeen per cent below p.ar. The situatiim was a^^^ni. val*Ml by the peace i>:irty, whose leadei-s per- Miadi'd the n<*-I -n hank'* loiifpiire ih.it the noleson Honth'i '1 hanks, then in tle-ir pos-scs. sion, ha redeemed. In lsj:i, the linaiicial dilU. cullii's were *"ry serious: paper money had run down lo .Vt per cent, there liad lieene\ce.sH of imp^utalion, American staples had declined In loreiy;n countries, cott<»n and brea'Istulfs were down .lO jwrceBt, and thei-e wasgeneml business ihliression. 1:. >^il the distre.'^s was jjreat wirst of the Alle^lianie.-s farmei-s w<'re unahlo U) pay their debts due to i;oviiniuent at wi*t idiK i>tliee.s. Con^ros ^milled relief by permitting jwrtions ol land to be surrendensl, ami tne money |Kii 1 over tube apjil led on the i<*matnder to secure It. In Km. a cmsh came on the heels of a Mi'f pension of tlie New York banks; many other banks went down, corixinitions shut up their wor';»i, business lum.ses lailed, the products of the farm declined, and credit jrave v.uy lor want of eontldence. This crisis w;m duo to excessive t-pecnlatlon, laix»? importiulons, and businc-^s depres-ion for want of capit:il. (^di- fornia felt tlio stniin of depp ssion in February, InV). Anj^ust 'Z4, K^7, the Olilo Life Insiininco and Trust company failed, many hanks soon suspended imyments, nil owinj; to land and "rallroatl " si>eoulat ion. Septemlier l!i, t87:t, the linn of J ay fixjk ,t Co.. of Philadelphia, failed, i'rojn wdiich ii Ki't'ct^il llnancial i>:inle came to |K*s.*, destroying con.idenee, thronln/ working? {H'ople out of cm}>loymenl, 2>i'«>'lortiit ions, careless coatiiicts, etc. Many |R'ople lost all their ciiuhly iMissessions, and Jolmsl the army of tramps, and the dull tread of that army, little ii*ducers, is still heard in the laud. Flrv-outrrs. An epithet nnich ns^wl In the n«M'th before the war of Wd, and applied to the ad vo. catps of strict sc»uthern views. "Southern extremists. " Freeilmikn's Iturpnu. .A bureun that congress, :td Maivli, lHi;'t, esiabllshcd for im-eilnjr Ihe pi-rss- ln« neislsof the freedmen, and helping Ihem lo secure some of Ihe blesslntrs of education, tienend O. O. Howard w*)is at the head of this e lOiiKllsh fico. "Ifiiiif;," 11 cant 1 tiio hxlilatlve l()i|i'«|gnntrtlio actlcH to -at IS >lloiis of >'is to mljoiini, opiKisIti' iKiify '■^." llir imiiie li" iiiiMt noted lioli'il iin o.ipe. and Hucieedert t oountiy for tlieijiellud by otlitn- Ccnlral HIllwillUlMltly ainil Aniprica, '• llliljnHteriiijf rinnni{s.''lon. Tliii fioiMlinun'it bank, ii;ivins bwii ('>4tal>llsli("l litter tlio war for the iimimiI' tln^ iMnancipatcil, bccanii', lhron;,'li iriklips man- uRiMiicnt. 11 faibnv In ISTI. Thron;;!) InvcNtiKa- tlons in Kit' Willi ri'KanI lollii' iiuit lor, no bluinu coiiM 1)0 (*liarix(*(| to tti(> eoiiiiiils8lont'i'. Frci- Noll rurly. A iHilillcal p;iily wliU-li, as an linnifiliato result of tlip a;?ilalion of tii" W'llinol pro\-iM», wiH foniHMl In ISIH. The imrt y noiiii. natiil Martin Van Uiircii for pri'.slil.ait ami Charlrs Fnincis Ailanis for vlcn -prt'slihnit. Tlii'S'* ranili'lati-H roL'oivi'il llii-Hupport of nearly m>f»*> (', N*'\v York, Sept. 'J7, l!^!."^. FiieltlvK Slavn Ijiw. .\ law enacted In KVtas a. liart of the compromise measures of that period. It provided for the return of any slaves who inlKhl have escaped. This law wasodlons in the eyes of ev3r\ nti. slavery man and woman of the north. GenerHl Asstinlily. .\ represeiitali\*e body in wdiieli is vested the power to enact laws; as Illi- nois ^:eiienil assembly, Gerryinaniler. To (l.x tlio poiitlu'.l divisions of a state in siieli manner that one party may obtain an advantiifie lor it-self, as a^nuiist it.s opponents. . . . Deiioimces tlii> rtetion of Ihe lej;isla.iire in red i strict iiij< (^eriAioanderinj;) 1 1 le st:tii' solely in the iiiteifsl of the demtieiatie party a-* aii Httompt to ilisfmnchise IIKMKK) volei-s, .mil as a crime au'ilinst sutfiii^e wliieli sliould be relnikiHl at til'' poll sal I lie iic.xt election. - K.\t. Keporl (irecn- baek Conveiilion, Mnbeily, Mo.. May :vi. l-^*:. (ioverniiient . The lliree bmiu'le's which consti- lute liie j^overnineiil of Ihe Tnited statcit, Tiiesc arc- le',iislativ<', exccutivi', und Judicial. The followlii^f are ipiotiil ions Irom the ledoral constltntiun: LEOISIATIVE. .Article 1, section I -.\1I leplstire powers herein ^riMited, shall I';- vested in a conf^ress ot tlie 1 iiited stales, which shall consist of a senate ttiirt u Iioii.se of representatives. ICXKIITIVK. .\rticlei, section I— The eieeutlve imwer shall be vested in a president of the L'nlted States of Anivrion. . . . .IIPICIAI.. Aiticle .1, section I - The .ludiclal jiower of the United States slrill be vested In one stipi-eme court, and in such inferior courts as the connres^ tuny, from lime to time, ordniii and establish. , , Grnuge, or l*iitriiiirt of lliishiaiidry. An or^uil- zaiio. of the a.;ri'nltiir.il interests. It orl:;i- nated In \Vashlnj;ton, I). ('., In Wi', nnd the llrst Kraii^ie was estalilishcd at Ilarrisbnr^, Pennsyl. vaniu. The j;miij;e, as an order, is opposed to all tlieextreinoaiid oppressive srtfMl In favor ol Incorpor.vled aMuciiitioiis of that class. The grunge advises buying as far us pmetlcable from tlie pro.lucer and nmnnlaetnrer, and selling to the lon-nmcr. If iMissible, itiifl declares empiiai leally ill fcvor of buy In;; and sell inj^ for cash. It Is a rule of tlie {{ruii^e to " neither fear nor court coinis'tition." / su |K)l!tical party, llie j:nim:eisi met with the lalmriHK '»en at Cleveland, Ohio, in Maicli, |s7.i, and adoiited a phtttorni of principles as cxjircss- Ive of the views of the i^r.in^e imrty Ihronch. out the c.iiiiitry. The older has many branches 111 the various statics of tho union. Men and women stand upon an eiraal fuottnt; as imuu- be IS. (ireenhuck. A form :;f i«per money, Issnetl by the ledenil government. The act autliorlzln^ the Issue of Kieen backs says that they ".shall al.so be lawful moiiey and le^ai tender." Tlu^ honor of the addition of the term creiMiback lo onr vocabulary is Justly attribiitalile to Salmon r. Chase, .secretary of the treasury, Isiil-I. It was chiefly his |Millcy that carried the nation thiiniKh tho war of that period. "Green, backer," an advocate of greenback or impcr money. When he was nominaled by the Kreenbackcrs this fall, evervbody iauKhed, but thiwe laugh best who laugh last— Uiitler thinks.— Chica^u Journal, .Sov.lP, ISS'i. GreenlMi'k Reptililican, orneinncrat. A repnb. licaii or a democrat disposed in favor of legal tender (government) paper money. This increases the repiililican membership of the house to liy, or, coniiting 11, e six greenback republicans, to I.W.— ChiciBO Inter Uueim, June :t, l.ssj. Gubernatorial. Vertaining to n ffovernor. "Hall Coliinihia." National ode of America; written by .losejih llopklnsoii. In the Duiiiiner of I7!ts, for a young actor, named Fox, to render on his beneiit night. Uair llreoils. An epithet, used to distinguish those of the republican imrty who were friends of (!arP" d and liisailniinistmtion; followers of niaine, '.d other prominent men behinglng 'o llie tiarllcid faction, (ipposed lo Slalwurls, .vlileli see. (See exlniet un'ler the head of Inde. pendents.) The election to.day Is properly lo bo regarded asa pitched battle lietween the stalwart and the halt'.breed wings of the reiiubllcan party.— New Y':,K llenild, \ii\-, 7, I—-: Half >luve and Half I'ree. Said by Abniham I.iiicohi. See llcpublican party. Hard Cider and Log <'aliin Campaign. The camiiaign of isui, which resulted in tlu' election of WllUani Henry Harrison for priMldent, and John T>'ler, for vice-president, \\.is »i!ic of tlie most exciting, jolly, and Interesting if liny in the history of tiin I'liited states. The demo- crats noininateil Mr. Van Ibiren for re. elect ion, and the iiimlittonisis naiiisl James li. Ilirnev lus their candidate for president. Tho or-itors and iournalsof the democratic party rlJl'.'uled the w higcandidate for president (Harrison), and callid lilinan oldtiranny. One of the editorial fraternity nnwlttingiy wrote: "Give him a log caldn and a barrel of hard elder, and he will be content on his farm in oliio, wliLie iilTairsonly Is he capable of inanaging." Thereupon the whips took lip the cry of hard elder and log cabin, and the hitler became most appropriate and eflcctiinl me.ins In Joining tlie issue In favor of tlie wliigs. Log cabins wero raised and haril cider was drunk at tho various meetings; a paiM'r with tho lillo of Log Cabin was )iublisliod by Horace <;reeley, and 'he music of Harrison gleo.clnlw was echoed and re-echoed from liiU to dale. At the larger meetlnssor l«rbiK'UOS, the jieople were fed during the d»y without charge, on which occasions animals were roa-sted bod. lly; log cabins and barrels of hard cider were mounted on wheels and drawn by oxen or horses in the processions. It wasdiiringtliis campaign that the expression " Tippecanoe aiuTTylertoo" wassoimiled In song, a stanza of which is here given. " Wluit h;.s caused this great commotton-mo. tion.niotion Our country llirough? II Is the ball aixilling on For TiplM'eanoe and Tyler tw», For Tlnpecanoo and Tyle.' too; Ami with liiiii we'll IhmU little Van; Van, Van, Van is a ustsl up man, And with lliein we'll lieat liUle Van." To this song was 'Hided th"s.> other well-known lines, which are co'iiinenioi'atiV' of the whig victory in the stall of Maine- have you hcartl bo' wont? It went li I bi'iit For (Vovernor Kent, For Tippei'iinoe and Tyler t(xi,"etc. Hard Tan. In tluaiiclal afTiiirs, hurii money— gold and silver -or hard. money basis. "Com- ing down to hard iiaii," s:iidof a reti, "ii to specie payments. Haril-sliell Drmoerats. ■see S'lft-sliell Di'tllo. cnits. Hickory. See Old Hickory. " Higher Law." .\ii expression used liy Willlain H. Seward, In a speecli on freedom In the terri- lories, delivered in the rnltc'l States senate, 11 March, ls.'i0. " It is true, iiid I, tiiat the national domain is ours. , . . idit there is a higher law llinii the constitution wlii. Ii le^ul.it'S our iitithorit v over thedoinalii.aiid devotes || in thcsami' noli'le piir- iKises. 'i'he territory (California) is a iMirt, no Inconsldenible part. "of the eoiiiiiiiiii lierllHgo of uiaiikiiid, bestowed ii|ii,ii ilieiii by till' creator of the universe. We are bis stewar'ds, ami must so iliscliartre our trust as to eeme in the highest attainaljle degn-c, their happiness." Honorable. Meni'iers of l.tdli litinses of con- gress, and of stale legislalnres, are st>.ealley the house, •Id March, NW, and preseiiled tothesenatoon the .'(111, Spccilications were liased u|h)ii the presl- dent's removal of Secreiarj' Stanton In riolatlon of the tenure of ofllee bill, his expressions In public spe.'cli**sof contempt forcongress, deelar. ing the thirtj-niiilli not a constitutional con. gress, and his liindrance of the uzecution of stitne of its acts. The honso of reprcsentatlTCS has solo powi r ol liiii>eaclimcnt, and the senate lias sole j)owerti>try all impeachments (see art. l.iecs. -iand :i, const.) The trial bei,'aii"i3 March, ami closi^d '2il May. In the Boiiato the vote stood: Kuilty, .T."!; not guilty, l'.t. So the preal. dent was iicfinllted. Independence, neelaraliun of. See Diilar:itlon of Independence. Intlcpentleiits. Those who take a stand regard- less of party, and who are not subject to bias or liartisan influence. The term Is idti'U applied to those who break away now and then but do not entirely aliandon their party. In Pennsjlvanla the liidependents deliberately iiiudi' up their minds to turn I he si at cover lo the tlemocrats nitlier than to see their |Kirty used for the beiicllt of one man.— Chicago Journal, Nov. '.I, lss-.>. As In all clTli wars, a good ni.iiiy i«'oplo who heart il\" say, " .^ plague on both your lionses," are yet" tori'-cd to tak'- siilcs. and Iliiis we see some bid I'e rolls s peclacles, such as t lie Independents and civil si'i'vice i-efornurs voting witli the half breed muchiiie, au'l marching in eileet under the ImiiTier of .Mr Itlaliie, who luia as: called from Its being dlslastefiil to them. ^ .«Jkit^)^HR , '» m t -I I rOLITICAL HISTOUV OV TllK UNITKl) STATES. ' IrrpproiwUilf t'onlllrt." Sulci tiy WIUliiiii II. Si'wiinl. Sec Kcpulilliun imrty. KaiiHusuiid NXiriiiikH. Arii'r till' iin)|mao(l ooiu- piOniUlMif lUlfl, Wllllll »!H Sllnil'rit In CllllglTH!! In l.«iO,'-*rii MiH-ioiirl ('ryutu-r iiptil IMil, wlii'ii Kavld Wlliiml, 11 n'liri'si'iittitl/r fi-iim ri-iinsyl. viiiilii, ftllriiMl what Itfi-uiiiM known iwtluiWil- nidl priiviso (wliii'h Hpr). Thlti pi-niKiKitlnn wns folliiwi"! Iiy till" t'lMiipriMiiisiKpf Kiil(wli|pli «ri'), lit wlili-Ii timt' tuiotliiM* tiMiipormry NOttli'iiiunt was eflv-cti'il. .January i"t, KM, tlm slriYrr;' qiu-n- tliin was ri'iipcnnil In ron^rrwa hy Stcji ipn A. DoiiglA.*. Hrniitiir from Illinnifi, who rp{virt«^U u bill (i-alh'!! tlir Kun!>».i iinil I^plirmsha. TIh' ctfrvt of oiifi of tlmdct'liijiis wft.4 to repeal I ho H l«'MMirl winipnuMiMii law. Tho propotierl hlU eauaod lnt hill. It wM thr iilcjt of tin- Illinois MPniitor, who nMcrwanl rwrivril the imnK' of •' Utile Khiiit." th«l the ixiMil.' of «ieli .itatr or ti'irito-y shunM lie alloweil to j^oTcrn thriiirf^lTc* in their own way, and ho opjxiHeil llip I.econipion oon^tltntion Itocansi* it din not r -present tlie will of the pcoi>lo of Kansn.-*. In the presidi'iitial c'aTii|«i«n of IsiV), Ilie "little jrlftiit " was noiniimtiil us candidat4i lor presi- (U'lil, and It'll otf nndiT tlio iHilitiottl ilnrtrini' III' had proniiiltfnti'd, that ronprresiilmii no jwiwer I'ither t'l sanrtion or lorhid aliiTery in tini ti'rrl- lortiti. T!ie stniKj^lr for and iiKainst Hlavi'i*>' In Kansrw WMS ti'rrilili'. iind i-ontiiiiii-d until the hi'-tnniii^ of till! fivli w.ir, in l^u'd, when that slat» rami' into the union. S'-ii Iioi-ili'i' Ifnfllans. Kiwc: <'fitti>n, or Coltuii U KJn^. A phntsp iniii-h ns(.il i,y sontiiiTU iHxipli' lip to and a yi'ar or two allT Ihi- hr.'al;iiii' " I don't know." Sothey were at fli*Ht called ilon't-knows, and then know-nothlnfci, hy initsMlers, Ttie Cni.sader, a party op,^hii, pHnted the priliilples of tlie society as follows: liepeal of all natnrallr.iition laws; none but native Aiiierieans for ofllce; a pure .\nierlcan roniiiion selusil system; war to the hilt on Koniunisin. In the year I'^j.vr, the slavei*y iinoa. tlon h:id assumed imrumount iinivirtiince, and the civil wur between the flee state men and the pni.slaveryltes In the territory of Kansua, soovei-shado-:\ed the public nitiid, that foreij!n citUenship was for(»otien, und the know.noth- iuifH as a Ixidy disaii|s>aM'r*oiis in some |xirtlonsof the soiitli. It orlj^i. natc;i'il object of the kliin wiw to redeem the »outli. Alter its fashion 1^ opjMisiHl the enforeeuieiit of the reconslruction iu:t.s, and endeavonsl to maintain tlic dominion of Ihii while race iis aptliist Mie eoloreil race. Hie mule )iortton of which hitler were enfniiicliisisl by cflect of the llftceiitli amendment, SO Maix'li, IHTO. Wilhln a few niontliHof llH Incepliin the niinibeisiof the various divisions of tlie kian '»ere l)icriY\M>il to a total or.'WO,(KIU persons. Later on. Hie |silitical lUipiratioiiH of the klan weri'Kiven up, and mem- liers of tlie order abjuidoniMl thcmselvei* lo Hcheme-sof imtraguand miinler- May :il, ISTU « ixiiijfressior.al act was pas^iHl, whicli provided for the jtrotectlon of the lately-cnfninchlrti'd ooluri'd men, as aKUiust the " laiUdozlntf " pni. punslllesof thckiikliix. In February followiag a striiim'iit act was (lassed for a similar piuiiose, and on the third day of May, I'TI, a pMclama. tiun t^ilnst llio kian wus Issued by ri-i>.-,i(lent lirant. During the next year C1S72) efforts were made to exiHise the kian. .\ conimlltisi waa upiHiliiterl by I'onffiess to make an liivestiKution of tiiekiikliix mystery. Many witnesses wcro examined by this committee, and the fact.s were revealed us perlalnin,i< to the existence of llic ktiklux bands and their horrible doing's. Lerotnpton Cnnstilutlon. An Instrument that was fniiiii"! in co'iventlon at I,*'com]itoii f.ir the Htute of Kansas, In September, IH'7. It pnivldiHl forllie iiilrodiiction of slavery, and at an elec- tion III DecemlieralMiiit l!,.i<;'sldi'ss of liberty. "I.ilH'rty Pole," u lla^-statf surinount4Kl with the symtiolH of liberty. LlVerty Party. SeO .Mmlltlon of Slavery. VJttle fiUnt. StuiilM'n A. l>ou;,'lns, who wn.i of fc'mall stature, but a »arly In the I'll It I'd Stall s. I.iieifi r luati'lies were lerineil locofocos, and theupplicu. tlon of the wonl lo this iiartlciilar |s>lltlcal XHirty arose thus; In t.-^'U, a cerbilii iiiimber of the extreme deiiiis'nicy met at Tammany hall. New York, and therehapiM'nlii^;atrre;it diversity of opiiilon, tho ctiairman left his si'at,andthe lights were e\tln(?nlshed, with a view to ills- sol vo the mevtini;; but thoso In favor of ex- treme ineaNureu pn»areil loeofoco inatchos, reklndleil the lli;htH, cont4niieoi'table |inv4M, wilhout illstini-tion of iHtrtv, Iihn Ims'ii more deciiUsI in condein.'iitior, of 'this loh-rollliiK Jcbberj by means of which miilioiis arc uiiiiiially siiuanilered and Htfilen, tlian of any othvr nieii.siiru before con- uresH.- New York Sun,' May H>, \!Vi. Marhlne. The hoily of politichins belonftluf; to any party, who aim to use the pisiple for aelUsh puriMises, Inst "ad of serving them In thelroITIcefl iw they should. lle((iov. romell) wiw sintrleil out for defeat by the Art hur.ronkiin^ machine beci.iise he had declined t'l use his otilcliil iiiliiu me In favor of I onkllnu's re-election t.i the senaie and liecainm he had liroken away from till' miicblne. . The repiiliiicjins of New \'irk have ri'Klsterefj. It may Im' said of this Hint It Is the way iKKwea of eiiM-tion iiiiiciiiiie.s alwiiyiy talk. The shrewd Imish iilw:iys says "the pei'iple " when he ineanH the ni'Mlijie.or tla' cabal of jirofesslonal jtiolit l- clans who iiuiiu>4{u tliu miu'hine.— chlciiKo 'Times, Nov. l.'i, IS-.-:. Uulne Ijiw. .\ law enacted in \Mt\ and amended 'n ISM ill tlie stale of .Maine, beiiiK tlie fli-st to pni..lliit the .sale of Intoxlcat ini| liiiuom, anil lieconilnKci lebnited for her lei;:slatlon on this Kuhject tliroii„'li tlie active etlbrls of lieneml Keal I low. I'he Maine law was adopted b.v otiier 8t vtes, iiotalily Kansas, Out of Mi cities and .owns 111 Illinois, M'l wore n()-llc>vniiu place:iin IS(«I. Muann and IMinn'a Line. A line ;BI dr-urees, 4.1 mliiiilesaii'rxs wtsinds north lutltuile, estnb. Il-'hed in I7i;4-T, by Charles .Ma.son und Jeremiah Dixon, two KnKlLshmalhematlchinsand nstron- oniers, In onler lo divide the disputed question of Isiundary 1)1 twix'u I'ennnjlvanlu uiel Mary. land. Muss Meeting. .\ p'liera; meetlnt! calhsl for some siiifial pni-iKise; llrst t^tlkeil of during the )Militlcul cuni|ulK» "f l'*<". when Ilarrlsin was electi'd president. The term now ilenoteii any lan^e me^'tin^^ without regard to iiarty. Messuife. In t he Cnitt'd states, a communication Iiy a 1,'evernor or the prcHldent, on state afluira, to Hie b'^islatiire. Mississippi s<'heme. In AiiKUHt, 1717, John Law, a linincierand noted Kumbler, obtained jiennlit- Hlon from Fninee to start the MissisHippl com. puny, a wheme which had for Its object tho juiyiuK off the national debt, und the enrlchiii); of It.s suiiserilH'r!!. Finally, l.aw'a entablish- Iiicnt wa-s cn-ated the Koyiil Uiiik In 171s, and, In I7'jii, he wan nomlnatisl coinptroller-generHl of (Iiiance. Hy iiMsiKninu Louisiana to the Rank of Kmnce, S(»l,n(io hIiiiii'h of ii'i'i each wei-e added to the 1,2(10 slmeHofii'icieaeh, which latter wei-e for ltsli'(,'itlmati'pur|Hisea. .\flei ward the farm- Ini^of lol)ae<'o, and theexcliislve trade lo Iiiillu wcreconfernsl, on wlilcli .')rainise. So-called rtMin an act of con;;n'SM paasisl in |s-J(), anil ajiprovitl by I*refll. dent .Momuo, oth March oi thol year, by wh riK'o iimtehna^ tliu meeting, ' thf»y havoof il Nrw Mexico |iH'n|'(H>u ot»n. <*»|it, 'i7, IH4M. mlMTroRlona, Ti) iMiUtlra, ot*fl l>pt ween rx|p*ra«ant (t4>(l. Jt-nrml l)fr» hy ■' miiiandri't'd e boforo co». roLiTicAi. iiiarouv or the united states. Hl!*fionrl wnA permlttofl to enter thn union as a Hluvc-holtlln^ Htut4% with tlu^ OfcrotuK'nt that aiiivcry uhuiiUl l»o fonivnr pmhiliitv^t lit Ihe tcni- t^irir^ of the nation lying noi-th of latltuUu liH tWiXr*^'H :m> Mtlnuti'S. Monroe Durtrlne. Tn IttiK.duringlho pnwidenry of .luiiiiM MonnM\ thn SpanUh-Anu'rlran (*o|n. nh*s having fought their way to Indciwnilpnt'c lis i(gal"Mt 8|ittln, thry wrrr itTogni/.rd iih iir* tiid)*;«'ndent i)ow»>r by lln' rnltfil Statn«. In hlH annual nifanagotot-otigroNsln lH-2.1, tho pretd. d^nt pnx'.iaimwl tho < ch-hnitcd doctiino of noii- '.it^rU'r«n('rt, an follown- ''That hh n I'rtnfiplt* thf Ainerifan contlni'MtM. hy tlio frtM' itid liidi'- pcndont |M>Mltl«< onHldtred iiH fliihjfirt4 of fntui'ft colonlKatlon by . ny !- in>< )>f«n |K)wftr." ThU dootiine U attrloiii4>d to Adams, who wiw aocretarj of uial' under Moiir*>e. Morgan. ** He'aagiMMl enough Uiirgan," wn.s huM !iy H prominent politician uimhi l>riug nMnindnartlcn- InrlT of a jiollticnl niitiire. Sro AntiiiuLsonry. Mormnna, "Mormon War." \ H4>et of religionu fi»u*lt.i<^ ♦hat liBj* arisen wltldn tlie prewnt gen- «>i*<«tI<\T.\ Rli'i pitnrd ovrr many eimrert^. Itn rinnr^tef Vi^.? Joseph Smith, an Anierlcnn. Uilg- (i;*5tt!^'3<r^ aucoreiletl, after the dwith of Smith, t')l3is^^»l.of pntphflt, and retnlned It until hlM death, ni Bait iJtke city, ju August, ih77. In I'cbrwiry, 1W7, an at nn-d ImmIv of Monn'ms dis. perae<1 the United States diMrict court, in T'tnh, iukI o)>only ucIUmI iho Itiws of IU<* milion. hfM'ttUie their territory wiw not udmltl4-d ti.i ii Htato. PrcaidiMit Hnrhanun a)>|)oint4Nl Colonel Cnmmlng governor of the territory, und sent lrrlllon. Young l>*Hued a nuinifeJ4i'», and iletennined on n«drtlanee to nut lout*' iinthorltT. hut Tlirn the Kovennu' ■:-..> ed there, in April, lf\V<, Voun^,' tonrluded t4i Hunender, and «o th»t " Ihjmion w:ir " 4'nile(l. Aftern'maiuing for atlru4*, the t!-»ekera. The Mdvocatca 4>f legnl tender or ;;- rlftl. ... I also desire tht^ dollar to Im* mado of Huch uuiti rlMl for the ptii i>o^e that it shall tievia' he 4'Xi»orte(l - desiiuh'.e to currv on' of the r-Hni. try. . . I desin- ihitt *lie rtMiM*«eh of iionend II. F. lluller, IS7.-I. Native Anierlejinn. The na Me of ii im>1 tieal IMrty that had ri nhort exlsten ^e, innn IMl, and was founded u|M>n thn notions of Individuals who utlvociited the rights imd privlU'g**^ of imt- Hitu* Iktu In tho l^nit4'il Stat4>s, as opifused to those of forcignivH. It proiHist'd uu extension of the tenn 4>f residfUU'e reipdnMl by law pre. ceiling udinl.sslon to full eitUenshl|; fnun seven (o irt cnty-one year-*. Ttii-* party ^ive way iK'foro the know-nothings und the Anu'rican IM.rty that lolloweed ly the assemtily id Maryland. A law of this kind was iKissi-d hy congrr . .M Mareh. ITao. Negro I:\4m1iis, A movenntit fnuu Ihe .*oulh to tho Htute of Kansas and other nonliern states, cointiicncuU In Mandi, 187ll, und ctuUluueil for Roverul yinirs; cnusml no douht hy tho hard cou< dttlouNof living In the south. New Knglitntl dtnfederatluii. The union lorintr'<^IU4>en city of the lakes. California- (-olden state. (*anacla Canuck ; u Canadian la ko-<.>&1Icx1. Also written Cannuck, and K'nuck, a French Can. ad Ian. Chicago (iardenclty. Cincinnati— ijue4 city; tho capital of Hfnith Carolina is H't.calliMi inun the armn of the atnt", wliich contain a lulmetto. ronneetleut-Illu4'.law hlate. Nutmeg or Free stone. I. ami of sU'iuly hahlts. l>4'laware Ulamontl state. Itlue Hen. netrott- City 4if tin? slmllM. Florida I'enlmtula st«t4'. (U'orgia- F.midro4if the south. Cniektuf*. (Jul t states - Florida, Aluliuum, Mitwlsslppl, Loui- siana, and Texaa. Illinois I'niirle or Sucker state. Nntivtw ealh'i Huekers from the hahlt. In early days, 4>f such- Ing walrr Irom crawllsli liohs with holhm- wei'ds. Southeastern i»11, autl alh'g4sl nu'ntal darkn^^M. Indiana MiK)Mier, a c*)rruplion of the t4'nn hnslur, ai'plird to -ongh nn'n from Indiana who exhililted u t1is]K>sit Ion to hti-ili ui* their 4>pi>nd tu u knm'k (Ui tln^ door, '* Who's ycre?" Indlana|>ol is— Kail road 4-lty. hiwa llawkcyo stale, fnun old llawkeye, an Indian chlet". Jayhawker- A cant nan.e f(»r a lawless or other aoldier not enli<"ted. Kan.sas- Jayhawker, or (ianlen of the west. Kuntucky lilm* gnt^s, 4»r l>ark and hloody ground, Corncrackers. Ke<)kuk (Iowa) (iatc city, fnnn Its jajsltlon on the .Mississippi river, a natural center of navi- station. I,onWla:ia Pellean state. Cr«S)le. I,..ulsville-^FallHcily. Lowell (Matw.)— city of spindles. Maim'— Pine Tre4f state. Massaehusetts- Original name, Moaauchnsctta Hay. Hence, Ihiv slate. Michigan \Vi)ivrrine. Mlnnes4>tu tJoiiher, or North StJir btut<>. Mls»iisHl)ipi Itayou state. Ml'tsouri Ihilllon state, from Senator Hon- ton. who was jKLrtlal to eoln nnuiey. 114! was called Old Uullitm. NatlV4's an> nicknanu'il I'UKes. Montreal-Clly of the Mount4dn and the Kai)idd. Na.-hvlili'-City of Itocks. Neviida Silver. New I'.runswick- Illne Noses. New llam)».sidre— (iiiinltu slate. Nt'W Mavcn (Conn.) City id" Lima, New .Iriscy Jersey Itln*"*. NiMvOvlenn-*— ''ri scent city heeauseof ltaHhai>o. New Yotk Uotham, so-ea'.icd Iroui theallegcd o4hl trndilion disp1a> endant of one of tlie old lUitch families wasealied a KnIckerlKHk4'r. (New York was tli-st setlh-d hy the Low Puti h, in If.ll.) New York (stat4') Kmpire.or Kxc4'lsior. Knlck- erlMM'ker. Stulh Carolina old North state. Tur|K'ntlne. Tar Heels. Nutmeg stnt*— Connroticut, on Account of tho story tluit vtNxlen nutnutgsare manulacturml there for 4'xiMM-tat ion. Ohio Ituckeyo Htiit<% from the huckcyti tree which grows there. Oroffon— Weh-foot state. I'ennnylvania- Keyst4U)eHtat4>, from ItMc^ntnil ]M)fittlon as regurdn the 4)ther4)rlglnal statea. rhllailclphiu-V^uikor city. City of Brotherly LoTe IMttahurgh- Iron city. Portland {Malm-) Forest city. QuelM'c (;lhi-ullur 4>f .\nierloii. ItlHxIe |slai>9hlr4;, used ou tho coaj«t. I'tah — .Mormcm. Vermont -!;rt'*"-u MountAin atiitr. Vfrginla— Old i»omlnlon. Wln-n a colony, th*» king 4'uU4>d li "The Colony and Dominion of Vlivlnla." Mother of Stat4'H. ^Va^hlng1on— *'lty of ll(ignlflcrtli. In a i>olitlcal .sens*', the northern statof. or those states lying north of Mason and I)ixon*fl and the .Missouri compromise line. North Americana. Those of the Anu'rican or know-nothing p*»t-ty In the north who were op|H)se4l to slav4'ry. Northwest TerrlU>ry. The c4>lonle«of Virginia, New York, Mas«>a<'hurt4'ttH, and St)uth Candlna, nt an early 'lay, lu^pil red claims to lamls ex tend- inis' from the Atlantic ti» tin* raelllc. In r.s:t, -■ongress nrgtsl ujhui l!H*44'colonles Ihe necessity of yielding Iheir siM-t-lal claims In favorof tho I'nited colonies. Virginia ucc<»rdingly ceded her claims t4> the northw4->l4'rn territory In March, \7M. The claimsof New York were like- wis4! c(Mle<1 to the rnlt4'd *x»lonU'H, and tho wcatern lM>unds of that 4'4)lony were described by "u line from the luu-tJH'iLst corner of tho cohtny of Pennsylvania, along thenortli l)i>nndR thereof, t4> Its northw -st (■orn4'r, eontinuel:igura; thence, by the said nn'rldlan line, a> tho fortyllfth degr4'e of north tatitutle, th4'nee by the siiid forty-tlfih di>,'r4'e u( north latilude." M:i-shi- tluisetts eeded Inr 4laim, in April, 17s.>, to all lands W4'st of the line alK)ve 'uflic4Ue7, surrendered nil luT right t4) lamls W4'sl »d tin? '*halu of numn- talns, which a4'i«imt<'s the ea,stcrn from tho west4Tn writers. So the Ciiiti'd colonies ah. Hcu-hed all the landn northwest of the Ohio, and a goveMnn4'nt tor the northwest territory iH'Ciimc imiHiiithe. This latter waselfccted hy th4'Celehnite4lnnUnaneo of 17f^7, which see, see CotnuM't icut Kescrve. Ntillfflenthin. I»lvers4« Inter4'sts which involvml the imrthern and sontlurn scellous of tho Cnitisl states In frei|Ui-nt and 4-xi-illng disputa- tions and eon tent ions, were elearly Indicated In tlu' single Instance of the *' nnllllleatlon move. ment." During tin' tlrst term of I'reslditit Andn-w Jaiksim, the tJirlir (luesllon iwsnnn'd fpilte formidable proixutitm^. Tho south hud no manufactures to foster, and ikKiHossetl a sta- ple article wl ;ch It desired tt) sell, there:'or4' It 1) »■ * ( 1 ■ 1: 1 ' . 1 ■ ' 1 i - 1 ' 1 ' ^^.-^c I'OLITIC^VL IIISTOUV Of THE I'NITED STATES. w»«opixinr»l til II prntci'llvii lurllT. On tlioiNt toi'itli .lanuiin , Hai, UdImiI V. Ilayiic, i-imjuldr of Joliii <". CaMlnllll, iliul Ncillllor flnim *«inUll riiKilitiii.fli'Iivfri'il liU ^rt'ut H) ( h In l;iv»ir iic|ir(| tlio )ii>iiit «»1' I'Xtrc'iii.' i>pi»ntlliiii I'ltlii'tiuiir, iirli. ■ Iniii'iiHcd mtiMif (liilli^, wliirli cniif^rK?*'* liail liihl, thr stuto of Smlii I'uri'llmi, In convriitliiti, Nnvi'inluT 111, mtUri'il that llii' larilV acln wi!ir nni'unstitu- tleiiHluirl \iii H'slst till- iiatiiiniil aa'iiiiril/ Iiy fiirt'r cif iinii^j. ProcKuut Juikiioh, iiivliiK 1 "I'll rciliTtifl, In IH.1i, WM III iinic" ami (l> « liarlr-tini wllh all tlin nallonul troops 11' irr liiri loniiiiaiiil. Ilr also t-ciit a vi'S- 8rl of war to tliat ])ot-t,anfl luul tin* It'iulnxof tin* UlOVPIlHMlt illtorilll'll ol' lli.l llllMllloll to Hcl/e and liuii;? IIkmii as hooii um tl<"v tilioiild firotliu first xnn atraliwl tlii' iial:' iiitliorily. Tlio danger of ili-tiiii ion wa-*, I'oi .!..■ Ilinr, avrrteu. Ilrnry Clay pro|K»''iH| a i-oiiiproiiiise tiu'a. wlio Htrlvcs to (-it ft puMIc |>o«ltioii oiolllci'. Old .Mm-. MiiiiliHiii IliK'oln wa.'iKo.i'alli')!. Diir. tiiK tin' war of N;i-.'Miil()i4'd jit'oplc of tin' south (\dlrd lilin Ma«sa I.lnkinii. OIH I'oiO'. One who 1.1 not iiji to thr spirit of the aj,'!'. Old Ilh'kory. liciicrul Jmrkson. picshhiit of tin- I'liilc-il Niati'S. Socallnd Iroin Ms t()iij;li iiatiiri', and Ills lnt," wltlilhe Fifnch proflz of ark, " a liow." CaJlhiinla, from aspiinish TMnanre. In whieli Is deM'lorldu K«li> lis naiue from KiiM|ua;t du Klorcn, or " f'etwt ft the llower*." IlUiiois' name H derived fhini lh« Indian word -mini," men, and the Frendi alllx "oIh," nm..liig "Trllwof men." Indianit's name chdm' froui ttut of the Indium*. Iowa sihMillles, In \'Mt IiidUii \A,ig\Mge, " Tho drow sy ones." KansiLs t-s an Indian word for smoky wat...■ ' . -J Sllnnesoto, an i- kin i ." '"t.i'.Jy wafer." .".:'ssi,,.ilppi deriveil ita >. . .• fttnn ■'■■ .if the Kreai .'ve!., which !», In th." Natch ,; 'UO, "The Katherof Waters." Ml.ssonrl i.s an Indian name fur mtiddy, liavlnK reference lo the inuddincui of the Ullssonrl river. .Si'W llainixhlre — flrst called Laconin — from llami nami^l asaconijillincnt to the Uuke of Y'ork, »!ii.-e lirother, Charles II, KRinlLsl him that territory. The Can din:i-s Were naiiitsi In lionor of Charles I, and (■•'Orsia In honort.f CUirles II. Ohio Is the 3liiiwue« name for "The beautiful river." on'Kon, from It* river. In Indian mi'aiilng "i:nerof Ilie Wi.st." Pennsylvania, as is tieiicrally known, takes Its name from ^\ illUuu Tcnn, and tlw word "sil. van la " tni^nln); wmwIs. Kiiode Ii.kiiid gels lis name from the fancied re^eml.lanceof the ULuid tottiat of IlhiKirs In the ancient Levant. Tcnness>'e Is an Indian name, meaning " The river with the i.:>f 'nern^" Vermont, from tueGr«'n mountains. (Krench, irr/f inunt.) Vlr.finla ftefs Its name from «,'uren Kllzabeth, the iitiTnarrie*!, or Vir,;iri Qnfrn. West Virjrinia is simiily a i«<'U(.'ru)ili|eal deslfina- tlon Kroin ltj» «liai.e, the northern jKirt Is call..; " I'anlandie st.ite." Wlscoi: 4ln*s name is said to be the Indian name for a wiM rushing channek IVeulb>r InatHution. Said of nngro slavery, wlili'h was peculiar to the 9«jiith. Pfrkhi^s and Stealjnir>< reniulsltiv of office, will' h are not always lioni^tly obtained. I'latfurnt. .Vdeclarscon of |'iinci|>Ies to which mrmlK'rx of a political |«rtr declare tlii'lr adhe- sion. rnlltleal Capital. The means of imlitlciU ad. viincement. ojmlar .Sovereignty. The 1 1^1:1 of the whole |ieoiile to i-jrtleip«ite In forming the constitu. tion, and iiiuctini; the Utws under w hich they arc to live and hr which they are to be gov. erned. "Snliiick currency by the hard. money press. Ilebelllon, War of. See Slaverv War. Ilrd nog. An epithet applied 'o certain tiank. notes, uiion tho hack of whirl tho f ini .i i sta'ai) was printed In red l.k. V st ( f Lake Ichl^an we never had a |iH|ier doll. ir that ^vas worth exactly as iiiitch asagold dollar. . . . lied dii^^and Htnni)i. lull were the di'scrlptlvo tenns aiiplled by us lo our eiirreney beliiie the war.— 1). II. Whoeler, March .'i, lst;»<. Ite|iu)>lleun I*arty. The nntl. slavery jiarty tliat rose into vljiorona life during the jmlltlenl Ulilieaval of ls.i(i. The luiino has been used sev. enillliiies In tho history of American [lolltles. (.Sen Deniocratlo Party.) The democrats wero the ] Mil I Ileal iVIemIs of the south, or of siavei-y. The repnliileans were their |K>litlcal opiHinnnlH. Previous lo its organization In KW, the ele- ments of tho republican party op|x>sed tho extension of slavery, and geneiidly, were In favor of aboittion. The lirst national conven. lion inel at Plilladel]ilila, June 17, of the year named, and nomlnaled Colonel John C. Kre. inont, of Calllornla, lor piesldenU William 1.. I>ayloii, of New Jeivey, wa.s ehosi-n Itir vice. pi .'sldeiit. The nominations were luade uniini. inous. The democmlM had previously dosli;. liated tlielr candidates, Jiiiiies Itiichanan, of I'ennsylvanla, lor iiresldent, and John C. llrw^k. Inrldye, of Kcntiieky, lor vlce.prrsideiit. The eanii«ilt,Mi followliii; tliesr and otlirr nomina. tlons, was one of ureal ex> Itcment, which the war in Kansas tended to Intlaiiie. .\i iheelte. Hon the republicans iKilled a viry larye (sipular vote, and llniily established llieniselves its the most I'ormI li.ble party In opposition to the natio! .1 deniocriicy. The denuierHlic adniiiiis. t.atlon tliHt hillowed was marked by the Hrrd Scott decision— (kIIoiis to Hie repiiWl leans- tin- njipnival of the I.ecompton constiliilion by President Iliichnimn, wliich was asodl'ins, and the exr<'ntioii of John llrown, which uniiisi'd the feellnus of the alolllionlsts. Mr. Lincoln, atS|irlii(;(1rld, 17 Jiinr, IKW, Hnnouiiced that the governmrnt could not |>ermanently eudnir half Hla\eand half free; and later, Oetolier 'i.^, in a speech at llochester, Mr. Seward ilei'larrd, as between slavery and frrrdom, there existed an Irreiiressllile conflict. These plimscs were often repeated by tho repiibiicaiis, and llieKoulhern democrats tiMik notice of tlirm as declarHtloas utterly hostile to the Institution of slavery. In tlieiauiy jmrt of the year, .senator Douglas, of Illinois, the great northern ally of the sonthejn drniocraey, took issue witli the admlnlstrnlion on account of the attempt of Hie iillni demo, ciats to force u jiro. slavery constitution upon the people of Kansas. Jdr. Itiichanan hud Indorsed the Leconigiton silicme, us Indicated, and theopiMisltlon of Mr. Douglas had the rlTeet to weaken the democmtlc party in the north. In the elections lininedlately following this remurkaiile contest, when most members of the thirty. sixth congri'ss were cluism, the republl. cms showed Increased strenutli, and the demo, cmtie minority of the bouse was again over. thniwn. iMiriiig the year liUit, the brmoh widened between the north and south, and In i POLITKIAL lllhTOIiY OK Till: INITKI) KTAVKH. iHflO, Mm ivpublleiin iwrty, ull HoMdltliMl nixl Htroug, Kiitrrpd tlir |ti4. May Hi, nti'l i>ii tlit* Ir^lli ttir iKJiiitnutloii r<*Hl(1f>iit, Hint llaniilt);il ll.i..ilh), ol Matno, Inr vU'A-|iri*Hl4liMit, wiirt iniiMc iinaiitiiioiw. op. IH^^^O to |.liH'4tln mill lliuithii, urn* ltciitt(lii>^ iin4ni;.'liiM lln\« iip; nil t . Hc iioiiiltintfoiw, the vvv HtnUr* wryt r- iTlt'il l-v !'»■ M'lMihlU aii" ami Ml l.lricoln r Wll.'il till' U'MllU WItH ili'icriiilMivl, ?*I»VC1-1 .(1. mill onicopi In Sonih Carollnii rrsljfncd ll»!lr IMwilions, and tin' jwojilo of that >*l 'If |iri*j>ariM| t4» stHNMh* Troin ttiiMinlon. I'lt. .itcni Itnchanan, by IiIm nn'HHm'i', Itrornitui* 4, Airlinilly ri'cojf. tii/.«Hi »Ih» t Jit of Hi'ci'MMion, • rl onn ul'ti-r ji,u)tli4-r vrtrl»>nH Honlhrrii stiifi- -■■.■im*iU'«1 fmni tJH' union, iH'xlnnin;; with >ontli Carolina, |M'rnMtanl iMmsesslon of the pre^ldcntlnl odlee. -^ee I>entocniti<* party. and Wide awakes. n4>|MidUitliml*wn Uie result. Certain MoutlHTn states, Itteltinond. Cuptial of Virginia, and dmln^' the hluvery war ft H 1 ■'» wnslbr si-jit of jfovernnuMil In Iho Sontbei.i confedenu*y. Tlin capture of Pt'trrsbur^' anos|er, I)4-inncrutlc. Itlid It. Clinpman. a |m>II. ticliinof rcpiile in Indiiuia. aliout l>lt, published a dcmocrM*ic pnpiT, and on the occasion C)f a victory at ^oiv local eltict ton, was felldtati'd by an actlv«» democrat, who wrote, "it. w. (?hupman, crow. '* These won la were used as a hoadllne In hU next day's edition, and ho tlio drnuK nit ie roofilci* wtia flrnt IntnKlnccfl as tho harbin^crtd vicl^u-y. Suit lUv^r. An Iniajxlnary rlK"er, up widch de. le/tcd iMilitieal candidate^) aw sujuwaod lo bti wnt. The pbr.ist' " to row up salt river" bad its origin from salt ilver, or Salt creek, a small, winding? stn'am In tho state of Kentucky. (>wlnt< t*i th« many bars undhiiallows lij whlcli it \n clmnictffrli'.cd, It \h dinicidt to row up tin* strfttui. Tho defeated indlvidti.il 1.-+ mwed up Suit river. Hcrntch. To scrutch the nainr of n cundldntc, ho thul it will not »ppi*ar on the lieket. .\ Mer*toh»d ticket Is onr uitli the nuuieof i can- diil«t« rnwcib A " Imdiy seralclipd ticket" U on« with Ihft namas vt .se>.*:n*l eandidut^s rrrw«l. "wr T!cJt»*t. S^c«ifl»iMi|«ta, TkovM of tk« jMirty In the nouth in f .^i 4t{ wlthdiiLWln; U'im\ the feUcml uiiiwn. Til" tftim HOCMh «a;* commuinly applied to »*ctvefl- sionints. "Sei'eMU," tho conlrdei-ul«aUtes. «..r>intty. Hcnuti*. The higher brt'K-h of the congrfHs of the Cnlled >tat4-H. It U eom|M>H4'd o| I wo sena- tors from each htHt4» of the fi-deiutlon. chiM«cu for a term «)f mx yearn. The pritsiilln^ oftlcer 1h the vice-president of the I'nit4*d stal4-*. "Uous*','* lh<' lowrr hraiudi »d the con^nvs-* oT tho CniltHl Stati'H; It In comjioh4'd of memlMM'H chosen every HufMind year bytlai pi>op|e of tin* sevend ^tatt'H. Nlilnplu>l4 r. A Nink nolo (u- any paiMT miih4*y that Is ijf low dpnominulhui or d<'pn'rlat4'd In value. Sllv4'r Ihdinr. Se*' Tnide l»olIar. ^ SlUiT <*niys. ,\ Itrrn applied to eon- the silv4r K'^'y^'* 'I'bo youuirer 4d4>ment. lU' radii. d memlH'rs of thu whi^ I>a< ly> wer<' 4-aUcd woelyhearls, a-* distinct from sllvir !?rays. Slate. A term applied to an luiii^Muary slate, upon w hicb is w rilteu tla* nauiesof lanilldalei* fori>nico. Those who csp4'ct !«> be<>om4>eandl- datts strive to jjet lladr names on tin; slate, which Is alMiut 4Hiulvul4^nt to ^etlln;? tho iiuml. nation. NIhvo C'«m|4'. a dlK4st of laws ivl '^1, ' .v'.ji and the slav4' Hystem. Slavery War, 4>r K4d>ellloii. Th (d shivery in the rnil4'd State- the con federal 4' ■*, uiwh-r llcauf with thirty heavy guns and »> StmiliT, In the harlKtr of ^ .j April, lH»il. During four y4*HfH. i.. v ;.«'■* W4»n', killed In battle, (il.lttij; 4tU^<. of w nds. :M,:37; db'dof disi'use, IKt,'.*,.;; tit, ' dhd, -JTIU:!;; t»dal deseiled, Ilf.'.HC). Confctl '4>ldl' -s whodted of wtaindsor disease, l.t'i,. i mt\, lai. im- partial Ilguies. Tidal cimi. ndltun>s arising from the war wore, on June 10, l.s,s(>, as roiMtrted by Secretary Sherman, ♦C.lW.iei.Jt^K.'K ('(Uifi-deintc fi)Tvcrt nnilcr (JonernI l-ce surr4*ndered to Cieneral (imnt, April !t, HhV rr4's|di*nt I.I?H'oIn was ass:isslimt4'd at Washint-'ttm, \pr!l II. (tciund Jidmston's coubslemte army surrendered t4> (i4'nenil Sherman on tho '2«lh, and early in May, Hh'i, the war embMl, Slavo Tra4l4^ .ind Slavery. cSuppr4'S)»ion and abolltlmi Ir the HrlC b emplre)^Tlio fH'cu|>n. tlon of pn curintf and sellin;; persons who arc at the disposiU of id hers. The l»or»u^rU4'se lic^an Ui tmnsiK»rt m'^fnM.s fnuti their posid. In 1M7 the emp4'ror, Charles \\ le^'all/.ed the Hlave tmde, and it whs p4'rmltt4'd by tho French umler I.nuis XHI.nnd tin- I'.nirlish uuder^'uein Kllzabeth. The tlrsi KuKlislmuin to en^niK'' '» th.' tritHe wKMSlr John Hawkins, and betwwn the x^ars Itisn and ITno, tho Knslish tnvlcrs oxported .jno.dOd slaves fn)m Africa, jiml fn>m tho year last nanu'd up to ITHd. Mut t;iu,(»i*i to Jamaica, the prlnelpnl of the Hrltish West India Islands, The most im|>4)rtant marktds f iH>gro S4jmeisfct, that n KlHve, OH siHin as la* Mit np«m KngUsh gruund NhonJd Uvtun* fr«w. la l7H;i a t"dlllim for thu Hlsillllon of iho slavo tniile wiiH uddii'siM'*! to |«irllMnu nl by the (^ua< kor<, and In I7*C u » b'ty Un Its suppietotitui WAS esiiiidlshc^l In Imiiltin. In \'f** fin onler was tditiiiit)'*! for a C4Mtiuittl4>H of t!u' privy council to Imitiiri* Inio It. May I'.', I7hi*, Willair. force made h\n iir«i sfh^t n in the *• uw on tha e, Ko\. ninvlllfi, ut utt4*i ipts wore le obh'4't was iu»t Ah4>n a bill that hud . I he n-yal a^si'Ml, M'd, ■> ,\nixust, Ktl, aixbont the Itrlthh snbb'Cl, NMpiMM-t^d by f iMid ritt. Various .--.dis. mtde w lllion' HUCi-i's-*, ,ti eftrtfd until Manli . ■ ^' |Kt-sed Uitli lious«»* ns V Uy tln' teriMH t>f an tut • slavi-ry was to v>4»asc ihr ompli'4>on Iho flr<«t 4>f Am.rust, |s:M, ami at that llmo iHMriy soa.no" novfp»es lM<<*ame nominally free. They were t** U' wholly if*'*' atlora low yi-ars' apprentieesiiip nnibu' 1h4dr l4a-iuer own. eis*. !»ee Alsiliticuiists, etc. S4iclulUtM. Those who Mi'o«'pt tho pvbndplos of stHdahsni as lautrbt by Ihdiett uw44'fiilnet>s. As summed up I y llonu'i *ir4'oif>, tlM*thre4 proJe4ts for soelnl reform aro - OtrcM.— Place human belnys m pitiper iidatlons, under luvoiiriiT i lieimistaiu es cnnonf/ wldch I include 4*d)H a «m imd intelll({ent i^ luid (hey will do riLlil Hither than wion^. Iliilnito, theheil. ta/4' of thi< L'l-eat majorily has been (ill It, squalor, lamiTM>. i.rnoi-iinee. siiiieisiii iim -, and th< s4^ hai'ti hii|M-ll4-d many t<» indoiitM e and vice, if not t4> erime. Make lln Ir ixtenial 4nnditlons w lint they .•*bould be, and I Im-^4' will ^ive place to industry, s'tbrb'ly, and virtue. St. Siinnti.- " I.ove is ihe fidtlllinK of \\w law." S*M-Mre to every 4»ne op]¥it tunit\ ; let each (h> w hiitc'-er ln'<-an do lM'«t , and tlio'biijl.esi ^ihhI 4»f the w hoh> will be lu'ltii'V <'tdl w lib hoini's. employment instnic- Ii«ii), ^immI living, the mo<*t 4-lb(-ti\ e iniplenients, marhlner> , 4tc.. sei-uiiutf to eiudi the lair and full r*somiH'n"'*4' of his a4-hleM>ment ; iiihI this can ts'-t be attained tiirotigli the iissociat hni of somo tour to tive hundred famtlle-i in a common house* hold, and in the 4iw neiship and culllvat Ion of a 4'tuuinon domain, kiv td' 'J.hio acres, ornboiit unu acre to i-aeli |H-rHon lUiin,' tln-reon. S4»fl Monry. A l4'rm applU'd to paper luonoy, «*s|M*ciaIly the green'iiicks. l-(u- llaid Monoy, see Hard I'lm. >o»*-sln>ll I>^ni4M'ritts. That iHirtlon of tho d4'm(Kn4tie party in Ni'w Vork, which favoroil ':Mioi» and harmony, and ipjMised IliR election of t;cii4*ral Lewis Cass, in ls*s. The "softs" supiMUied \ an Ibiren fur pit»id4-iil, a.s HiMjdid tin* llarnbunicr-, which s<'4'. The hard -shell domocnils supiMtrted Cuss, fuvorod the o\ocu. tlitn of I iio lu)rltl\e -shive act, and w«ro for ilividin;; theonici vh among tho pmslaviuy hun. kei-s, Soo Hunkers. «4>ll(l. A term applied lt>a )M>liticuJ party, w hune momlHTs vote as a unit for il-s rogular nuininces aiwl principles; also, thr various leealitlos or ^(■ctlons wlu'ro vot^'sare ni.st. F4»ur years uao tho miuIIi v.^a solid for free tmde. .* . . There are niore deiuucratlc umtrc- tl'inists in tho M>utn than in vny other sAcrlon of tin* C4>utitrv, except l'4'unsylTanU, and on ihU issue th^ i-artv will split.— Chlcagi> lntorOco»n, Jnne.'t, I'W-J. Sons of Liberty. Tho namo assumed by those ci>lonists whit, in I7t>r>, united In oppusltlon !• the odhms stamp uct,aad other unlawful mean- uresoi i;reut Rrilain. S«reh«ad. A itolltician wUu U disMtisHed with c)*rlain acts of his party, and dls|iesoolltlctan< gf tkft prei*eut day woulil call u sArehead. a soreheml ! POMTICAIi IIIHTOUV OF TIIK IMTKI) HTATKH. 1^- iNMttK A |M^r«Min with •w>inn Iflciutiir hU own, iinri ti iiiiin not -^Iffnc*!, Hrultil, iin till* Hiutrrt lythK Miiitli or MiKoti mill IM\4 lln«, hi wlilrli nluvriy t'xislril. Mil' North. fkiiilh H»'it lltilililx. Ijiw't Mliwlnl|i|il iirhfiiit* U'triit, In KiikIiiu'I, it c-iini|iiin.v for innlhiK to the Hoiitli HcitH, iinil It Hlnilliir iniiniA hi'I/oI on tl))> Knull"h nullon. Thrri' wi'ri'':i>,i<«iiihuri'iiol iliio iiU'h, iiii'l thi'>' roMf, In n f^'w Hci'ki*, to llfty and UNttlnifH their viilur, Imt tht'»)M'r<>tary uhnt'onil- Init witliii luriti' |iiHi|iortlcHio( tin' riijiltkl, iiinl It Utlntt 'lUrovt'it-il tUiit litiuilnh'nt nhiircn wt-rc iHani'il llicy frll '•\ prlci' iw mi'lilly iw they roMc, ami Mioiiiun'l4 ni'ic lift In ili "tltli.tlon. The ti^uiiiornry Mnrct" h t*f tin' South uru huhMr khvc ri'4t! to Minniny Th'^nn-ianil c-oitiiHinU'H that tho yntr I7J- U Ki-m'ntlly ciillril thi' hnhhlt' ycur, M..,' Ml .,i-iK|[i|il Hch.nw. Nnr<•rl•I^M. A illlzi'n of thi' I'lllti'd SIlUc* Nplll. 'i'o.llvlili'or'<|>lit In lH(i. An 'rlmt wiw niii'If to towi' u imKHliivi'ry cott- "tliMlni npon till' iinitorv (KitnHiixi, iinil II Mpllt III'' linioiniili' ikirly Into two wlnus.— lIlMlory of th.' Illltlll Stutl'K. Hplll Tl.'kft. M'l' TIrki't. HpollH. The piiy , hoiiorrt, und cTnoliinii'nt'i of oill- (-lilt |K>'4iilon. To till' \irioiM holoiiK ihi' siioilH of tho I'noinv.— Wllllinn I.. Miiri'V, I'<.I7. U'hil'' ilrnoiirii-ti"r thr "Infiitnotm «ii.«»ll'* syn. Icni," Ihi-H iKMtinii- :T;:|or Mrrrk'k, rmn.) holiN ilu'ht to oiii' t'lindli' of '4ttoMs until hi' ici't.** ri'iuly to ii'iiih out for iinnlhi'r und luritiT liunillu t)f spotl-4. Ni'W Vol k Min,. .llllH* 5, |SM*.>. Spri'uil l':aKli-. Thr fIvurA <>f nil oiixlo, nyiiiilly with ■'lili'hl «liM«|iiK Mtrii*!* niul -^tHrM, nrrow-*, oliv«> In-iiiicli, iiiiit Moi.ii'tlnu'ri horn of plnity; III!' imtioMiil .'inlili'Mi of thii I'liltt'il .Hhiti'H, itii I'Hu'h' » ilh i'\tt ii'li-il wlni;'4. .S;nl.li tl.o«i'of llir ii'piilillriin inuty who wit^ iiiifrM'nilly to till' uiliniiilstnitloii of (oit'fli'lil; followi't-s of Conklliii,'. iip|v.-i'il to llulil.rri'cU, whlrhH»H'. The two IHclioiM III Ni'W Voik. thitt liinv liti (iilh-cl lor lonniiji nil' llii' niaili* In I7iI7, hilt il rami' to iiaii^'ht hi'lori' tin' wnilh of tho pioplr, \iho wi'ii' ili'trriiiiiii'il to npliolil ihi> ))rlii'-iph' of " no taxation \viihoiit rriurti'iita- tioii," Stur< anil '^Irlpoa. Thi' iiitional i'iii|«n of the I'nitril ^lali'-. It wan ailoptiil hy ai't of ion. Krc.-", 11 .Iniii'. 1777, In Ilir hillowliiK wuiili; lirsnh:;!. Thai till' fliik' ot Ihi' thirli'in I iiltcil coliinii'-' i 1' ll:irt'i'n •.Iii|i''< altii nati'lv iihI ami Whili'. Ih.ll llll' Mllion III' IliillH. II '■I.U>. Hhili' HI tt bliii' II. '111. II |;'-.". iiiiiK a i.i'W roiiHii'iiatloii. Slur-spaiiuli'il Itii.incr. Tlii' national 11ii« was tlrst Ho.i.;ll.(l liv Kmnil.'i'~. Ki y, in his hfautlfij Kun^of that naine- Ohl say, oaii yon si'v, hv thi' ilawn'H onrlv llu'lil. What so proiiilly wo linll'it at thr twillj.-ht'i' last irl" niiiij;. Whosr hroi'l -lrl| It anil lirlKlit xtari, tlii'oii;.'h thii IM'illoiiH ll«:il, O'rr tho mipnrt.s wi' watch''! wi'ii* '.o j,'allantly i*Iri'aiiiliiu'-' Ami till' loikit's ii'il irlan', tin' l»)iiil« hiirxthiK in air. Oiivi' piiMit ihroiigh till' nli,'ht that our tliii.' was still III")'!'. Oh! Hf'.v,tloi'sthatslar-rtiian«li'il iNUinniyct wnvii O'i'r till' iaiiil ol ihi' frci' uiiil thi; hoii'ii' of thu liiaM'? Mntps. Sci' Mikniimi'sof smtpH, ntlrii, and I'co- pli'. si-i-. also, (irij^in ol Iho Niiiii«< of smtux. (•tut* IliehlH. The rixhls of thr .si'viral •t.itrs iw opposi'd to thn frdrml govorninrnl ; thr Jiidg- Diont of u.stiitu ax opiKMed t<> the two huiuas of ('fHmrrHM. till* |in>ii|il(>nt, und thi' Mupreiiir court of tli)> I iilti'ilsiiiii'H. Thxorlulnot ihr fKiinnii rPMolntli'im of ITIIh, InlriMhn'isI In iMm»(ri'Mii hy JainSH Maillaon, U ntlrlhiilfiil lii Thoinai .IrtTrr. will. Till' Hoiilh wtM tlui hoiiin of thfl fltutc rlKhlM piirty w hi'ii John .\duiiiH U'l-niiui prc^l- di'iit In 17:17. Ki'iitiirky it'lopt'il i|7:iN)lliii HtJili' rlMhlii niaiillViito whirli .Ieirrr>iiin wim prlviiti'ly Milli'lli'il todnift,aiid hy which lliul Ntitli' pni- claliniHl hrr opiMiMlthm To 'sdi'nil riilr. Kiinohi. tloiis in favor of niillinrk . ,ii wi'io uflnrwanl drallid liy ^ladlson mid Intrmlnrrd In tin- li'Ulslaliirn of Vlrxliilii 'loliii I' ( ulhoun WM ii'Kiirdiil iiM priiiic Kutlioi ol Htutii rightjk Sru Niillilli'iillon. HtralKht. t'liiiiliKil; im n ntiitlKhl llcki'l, h Htrul^lit rrpiiliIU'iin. "stmlKht.out," Ki'iiuliiri trill', uii, n ntnilxht-oiit di'iii'icmt, or, HtinlKlil. lint Kti'i'iiUu'ki'r. S«'h Tii'ki't. Slump. Till' nprlitht imrt of n tri'i' mmnlnlnK In till' ground ultrr Ihi' trri' Is cut down. In foriucr tliiii's, this was used as a Htaiid for upcakcnt. To lakf- llii' nliiinp and ){<> <>i> •i" ch'ctloni'i'rlnK lour, Irt Itic oi'i'ii|>alloii of noiiic rundlilati'ii ilnrlnx it |M>lltli'itl caiii|iitliri' Nluinp-lttll. Si'i' Kill Itou, Surprise CiiniMilHli'. A |H>llllral randldatn Hud- di-iily put uji hy wiri'.piilli'rs. Swamp AiiKel. ,\ .Mii.|<eai>4 It was alisorheil hy the deinocratlc fiaity, or Iiei'tuui' one Willi; of that |iarty,aiid 110111 the iissiKlatlon of such men as William .M. T« I, the late .New York hoss, received a had name. Imt Nitice the hn-akiii^ iipot the Tanimany rln;^, 'Js octoher, |s7l, the Taiiiinany deiiiociiicy seem to liitve noiirislied. Ti-rrlliiry. A ureiit district of ciiiiiilry, owned hylhernlted states. It U ills|in;fulliilei| hy the president and senate ot the I'liited Slates, TIrkt-l. The liinii of names printed on n »ll|i of paper, and used as a halhd at an election. " lteKiiiar,"or " stiiii;;!!!," tlekil, a list ol can- dlilati^ it-s iiumed hy an a.ssemhlai{e of liele^^ate.s Irom a hinly of constitnents. "('lean ticket," same as regular or Ntniluht ticket. "Spill ticket," one that Is t'ormed to meet the reipilre. lueiit.'f of till! diirerent divlsioiiH of a political jiarly ; a.s, tho two wintfs. (Sei'Scnilch. "Mixed ticket," one ill wliicli is coillhllieil tho elenu'llts of dlirereiit IMirtioH. Have they fortfotleii tho ffroolcy dlnaiiter? A mixed ticket this year wini'd ii'jiol deiiuK'mtH on the one side luiirrepuhllcuiis on the oilier, unit lieilllcr sl.ie collhl poll 'Ls lull vote for It.-.New Viirk •^iiii, .May 'Ju, Iss-j. Tippecanoe »ni| Tyler Too. See Ilnixl Chlornnil I.oSCaiiin ( 'aiii|*iiKii, Tory. .\ tei-iii vv liieii fortwoceiitiirhvs, hasHi^rrod toilosi«imteoii<> of two prlncliial |>olltlml ixir- tied In Kngland, nnd wm iiaed during thu war et' tho n*Toliilhin hy tliA vhlgt or |«trlota wi nunliiHt thoMA who HiipiMirtoil tha cniwn. Tho llrst ilrtlnltliMi Klvrn hy Dr. Juhnunn Ic "A runt turin, derlvod, I (upiiiM, (Voin an IrUh wopI, Mlfiilfylng mva/ii." Ur«|iertln|f tint prlii- idpU'Nof u tory. Iho IriiioKitiphor itdUa "Oiia whoitdlirrt* to the uiiclenl coiiHtltiillon of ihn Ntutii, und tliM HiMjHtullcMl lilfliitrf'by of the rhiiix-h of KuKland" Trade llnllar. A aiiverilolhtr of (MKntliia Tniy, that wiiH eolnod hy Oct of coiiKrofe*, I'i JiAiiiiMry, IK7.I, In consi'ipieiii'e of u 'lemaail on tho ritcillo count for u coin to ho iiHod in riiiiiiiiarrlal tmiiit. ftctioiiM with nrverul of the Asiatic iiatlontt, • |M'<'lally Jiipan and China. TIiIk rokii oanm to Im' i|iil*e oxtennhrly olrcnlnti'd In tho varlouH Hlnti>sor the union. Prevloim to the colnitKoof thn undo dollar the old «ilv T dollar of :I7I^ Kiitins was tile icily Hi:^ 11 ilnlUtr known, hut Itii loliiaffo wiiK discontinued hy thn net of ItTJ. My sulMi'ipiont h'Klftlutlon, tho tntdo dollur ooiiih were lotlicd; Ihii coinaue is llinitist, and the dollur U no longer le^iil tender iia t>ef ivooii InhalillantKof the I'niled Stat*.*. Troawin. .V hetnirlnii, Ireiu'hery, or hroiich ol tultli. In the rullcd stales, tlio nctiati lovyliiK of war aLTitliist the iiiilon, itiid f;lvlnt{ aid und t'omlort to IIH enomleji. .lotterson Ituvlit, on trial fortreitMin, in M'.?, at Klchmond, waa iHh. charucd on nccoiint of a nii//o friMi'^iii. i. 1*., thn Kovernmenl lieiii^ tiiiwiUiiiK t4i priM'eoil flirt lier In the jinifccutloii ot Ita Muit. See Conltsli'Tiile stalls. Uncle Sitm. The impnlnr tlllo for the rnlled statca. In the yiiir ISIS, it htrKO i|iinntlty of provisions for the army wits pnrehiuied at Tiiiy, New York, hy Kliart .Vinlois n Kovcrnnu'iit ointructor. Tlic kikhIs •ere inM|iecti'd hy two hrolhers, Kheni'^er und Saninol Wilson. The lust nunied iiM uld nnil KiivIh, (III ml, wan illn. 7'". * '., Ill" ■i'«l liiiniiM- ['iMlltlllTIlIl' IHiLITirAI, HIHTOUY OK TlIK CM-nih HTATCH. currrnpy. Tlin nUilllliinliil*, wlin hatl mtiiln n'liiiliiiit vl Ml'. lll'ii'V r I' |HT>Mi'iil, Kuvn ii litrvf-ly liiiTiMiM'il Mitf hir tli*'lr niiKltiUt*'. uii'l tliU n'Miilti'l III lliii ilrfi'iit or llnirv I'liiy. In IHM Ihli wIiIk^ lliijiliirili'il illiil rlivtC'l lii'lll>litl /.iii'liiirv I'm I'll I >r (innlili'iit iiiwt ^IIDumI t I.i iiiiii« for virr pill lili'iil. IIimI lli4» frill ili'iim cmtiittiiil liAriiliiirii(*nivolfil for l.f*wl<« rKM, tlii' mrattilit iliiiiiocml, III! wiiuM Iiuti> Ihiii iIi'iIimI. In lc«>i>iI^i1 with ,)iitiii-4 lliirliaiiiin. 'I'liiiii thr whu( |iiirly |IM*Ni'i| iiwiiy. Whito l.fHvpio. All iirxiknlzntliiii of aniH'il mi-n III Sow iMi 11, III l'<:i, whiKfi •latoiinllilcolijoct wiM tliiit of |iii(tlii|( ilowii till* iii*^i'iH-i< who «rrn r»'iMirl«'i| IIS oil ihi< imlnt of iiti ii;ir|i|iiix. TIio li*ii)Ciii' Hciil fiiriiniiw, w htchikri Ivril on it i*t.;i{ I. .iivi for thn WI'lllnlllKof tlH' MtlllH KilVITlllllinl, ll'flHIil to iilloH- Ihr li'iiunn to tiikii iiohmi'skIoii of thiuii, ThU |iroviikii| till! Ii':i.;ii<' to l|i>oil4 llrtloli, which, on thi' mil Si .iIiiiiImt, p-iiiltiil In thr (Ii'iiih of nioi'i- I hull n hiiii'Iri'il |h'P4iiim. Wliltfi l.lni'r. A |iio.:iinllinr iiioni'y. lli'iii'K till' Ir'iiiN, Willi -nit iiioiiA>', Willi rut iHtnte. liU liitllliilloii'', I'Ir. ,xi'« lli'il Doi;. Wllftiot l*rovlM». \ tiiiwunri* |irfi|HiM« tliii nfcrutlvn of lli« iiiiini>\'4 hi'M'tn a|i|iiiion niiiiiiifartiir*ii'«. i'iiil(r\ ciriililiii't iiflli'i-r*, Int urn ainlnt-0'a'lon«, hiiM llm Whoin liniiiil III jmlllll'rtl niltki Kllilln, »hii I'.intrivn tolU'i' mil oi^ thn piiliMi' piit^n liv alniii- liiK pnlillu vii»lnlity. — Nuw York Miri'ur, Jiinn ,•■, I- 1". Woman'* lllfhl"* An Inhiip, nilin liVi. Wnailjr ll»*lU. Thiamiif llm whlH imrly.ao nulliiil t«i iliatlnniliah Ihaiii Iriiin llm iiiiiin iiiiiai.r\iiti\ n I li'iiirnt. Thn «iMi|y Ima.ls liiriinin ai'iNii-ulml from thn ronaprrntU'raiilaiiit tlin^aur Ki4i. Thn liittPr wrrn r^Un I HUvrr iir^y.*, wli.rli i*i'i'. Y»nWrf*, anil Vanlifr IIihmIIp. sntil to Im a i-or* nipt I. in I. r till- w'.ril Kn, lUli. |iroli'iiiiirni| I.y Ihii Inillnr.ii Vniit(n#i*i>, ami la now thn |Mipiilar iiiiinn for tliu New KllKlKnilnra. Ylinknn llooilln la thn ntitiip t(l\'i'ii t I lltp nntioiinl air of thn I'liilcil htatmi. It firlKlinilpil In I7.'■.^. whi'ii IIik lliltlah I'olonlca III Ainnrli'a i-inili ilmtn.l tin Ir anvnnil iinotiwof inrii to ulil thn llrlllah army In riilim. Iiii; llm rri'imli laiwnr In i luiri'la. Tlmir nwiii''«a Mini awk wttnliiiHa U'laiiin thn a|airt ol thn llrltlih nriny, iiii'l an KnKli.'J. John Ailani«, vicii- pn ■.I'lniit. >nn Katlmr of lila roiintry. •I, ilnhn .Ailania(Knrt., 17.l"i. Kir»l aiiilaisMuilorClT'Ci) fi.iin I'lillnil statni to (Jrnal llrltuin. rrnnitlont mn. tprm, 17117-Wil. Uhil 4lh July, IH-JII. Thomas ,|pffiiiliiry liiillrgn, WIlllamaliiirK; t'on. tliiiiital iiiiiKi'H^; liov. of Virginia I7?.i-'.'i>.ii>tn, Va., Ill Man li, 1701. (,ia'|. iialril from rrlnni'ton oollnjjn. Piralilent two tnrmi, I'^iKi-'l?. DlnirJH Junn, IKW, Uooni« I'lin- Ion mill i;. tinrry, vlcn.pr<'silileiit8. A. ilunira Miinmn iDninocml le . KnpuhllPaiiV Horn In W'p^tmornlaml connty, Va., 'irt April. r.lH. William anil Mary collflftn (Va). Mnmlirr InKlnlaturn, r. S. snnator, iiilii. to rmni-r, ifov. in I7:h. IMnslilint twotnniia, IHI7 "il. I>. N. V., 4tn July, Kll. |i. I'. Tompkins, vli'n.pn'al'lniit. C John Uiiliiny Ailaina (Natlnnid Itrpnhll'nn). Morn at Hniliitrii', Mttsa,, 11 July, I7tr7. Ilarvanl t'ollc^;!'. AmIiiiH!4R(liirtoTt('rlin,(*oiiff. of ViPnim, and court of si. Jainna. I'rnalili'iit oiin tprni, :«•»-». I>loil,it Wii.sliliiKton,-£J rnb.. Wit. John O. Cnlhoiiii, vtcn-inTMlilPUt. 7* AnHraw .furkaon (Nnw I>piiioci-atlo |airty). Born In Mcx-klnulmv^ noiinty, S. ('., 1.1 Marcli, 17(7. r. S. Hdiiatiir in I7!i7, then (anarnl of atntn Iruupa; In 1814 iiii^ur-isenrnil V. ^. .'M-rvlcn; In Irtl ((ovcmor of Klnri4a', In IWia ajaln arnntoi. 11'uaklant two t«nuii, lil)»-'37. inrd near Nosh. villi', atli Jiinn, im.1. John ('. Calhoun ami Mar- tin Van niirnii, vlcn.pri"*, ^.nnnlll^; (iovrnior. I'rfalilPnt onn U'liii, KI7-'4I. Iili'ilal Kln(lrrliiHik,'J4 July, l,Hi;j, II. M. .I'lhiijio I, vli'i'-prnslilent. O. Wllllain llnnry Ilarrla4in (Wliltf). Horn at llnrknlny, Va.,lilli K.li., 1771. Kon«lit Imliani In N. W. Tir., M. ('.; liov. Tnr. Iml., HU '1.1; MaJ.. (Inn. r. S. A.; M. C Innn Cinninnatl, ami In l*J4 aniiator. I'l'n.Mlilnnt oiin moiilli, IMcil 4th April, IM\. JoliiiTylnr, viin.iiriiiilcul. ll>, .liiliiiTylpr 'linmocrit . Horn inChnrinaClty county, V.I. , .".I .March, \TMi. .Mninhnr of lr)(ialik. tnrr , M. C.miiliiov. ; I', s. -i.natn; mcui.Cinfcil, coii;^. l*rn^|l|nnt ihrrn yoiii>innil nli'Vcn inontlw, l'.atNa.ah. vIMn, l.\.liiiin, l'. mil July, liUO. Mtllnnl FlUiiinrp, vlcn prnaldi'iit. 1.1. Millard Flllinnrn(WhlK). H.at Siiminrrhill, N. V.,7tli Jan., l.'«iii. Limited ndncatlon, .N. Y Injtlolutiiin; .M. ('. four tcriii«. rrcaldnnt two y«iis, rl({lit months, liM'.W'.Vl. I>. Nth Mnn-li, Ml. 14. KrankllnlMari'ftnnniocriit). H. at IIIUhIkii- ouKh, N. II., il Nov., IHfil. Howdoin collc^'p. Mnm. Ifflslatiim, N. H.| M. C. twlc^; f S. Brna. tor, lrt.17; col., then brl^.-grn. I'rnnideiit onn tnnn. 1>. al Coiicord, N. li.,KthUct., IS«i. 15. Jaaars Durlianan (Damocrati. H. at stony Hatter, Tcun., 'ti April, 101. Dlnkinaon coUaf «, Carllal', Pfnii. Mlnlatir to .-t. pniirslniri,', to KCI; M.I .; aiiiliajwailnr t.i liiiKland, K'll till K'al. I'r««lil«iit tmn tnnn, lHfl7-'id, l>. at I.mii'ii.Hti'r, I'nnn., 1-t Jiiii», Wui. John C. Ilrncklnrldirn, Vlcn.pri-alilnnt, la. Aliraliaiii I.lnrolniHnaul Itnpniillnnn). II, In Ilanlln i innty, K.\., 1: Kcli., Is«i. Siif, ihn atnil. Mpinla'r llllnoNli-Kialatiirfl, Nil. Ilptoof Ainorl. can repiitillcaniam. Hn^ildpiit una tnrm and min montlL 11. at ^Va.«lllllLtloll, l.'i .\prll, liio, llaii. nllial llanillii and .Viidrnw Johnson, vlcr.prnsl- drnta. IT. Aiidrrw.lnlinaon . Iininonnili. ILatUalnlxh, N. C.,'-i 111 I . 1 «trr A. Arthur ilinpiihlicaii), 11. at Fair- llclil,Vt...Mli Oil., l«:io. IMucat.-iUt Vnlnii, VI admlltrd to tho liar in N. V.; quartnnna.stnr- (tnnrral atjite .N. Y ; coil. |>ortof N. V,, Iftl-H. ^S. I I roLITK'AI. INrORMATlOir. Ti, (fnoTKK (;r,r,TKi,ANn (PemoiTHt). Former ocoii- iiutioii, UwT^r, uli^riff, muror and ^ovcriiKr. Currinl New Vorii when eleetfil ^'iiTcriior lir tli« jiliminfiinul niitjiiiitv of o.ri' I '.1(1,(1(1(1 Tolfi. TuoHiS A. riUNIIUKKM, of llllll'- Hliii, Tiro-|iriMi>lt'Mt. 'i'A. ItKN.IAMIN llARItlSdN (UaplllillCAIl). Fornicr men- I imtit'ii, ltt>vv<*r, j,'i'iirn»l in l'. S. *rin_v, nml I'nili'il Slali'^ Kf-nul'ir. ituil 4;'.i,.'lii't iiopiiUr Tott's Ii'hh lliaii liin (i|i|iii- ncntB, \vl hill u iiiiAJiirily of (\'> in tlio clui'iuriil cdIIc;'!'. Iii:vi I'. MouTos. of Novr York, vic(i-|)roniilunl. POLITICAL INFORMATION. iti:(*il.T III' TIIK i.i.i,iriii;.\i. toi.i.i.iii. |'i;o(i:i;iiin(1s iiv MTATIH I'KiMI ir>'.t TO AND 1 NCMMd NO I SSII. Il.'^!>, Wii'tliiiij.'loii i'.ii'l Adums — WiiHliiiiuton liml tin- vole of nil tlio Sl.'itiM, vi/., Ni'W llainp-iliiie. .Miissiiclni- Hi'lis, ( 'oiiiii'ci iiMit, Si'w tlcrscy. I'l'Miisylvaiiiii, Id'luwarc, .M:ii\ laiiil, \'ii-;^'iiiia, iS.)iitli ( 'arollim a.iij (iciirjlia. A'laiin liaij all of X" . Ilampsliiri', .MaHsarliiisctls, 5 of till' 7 of Coiincrtii'iit, I of llio li of New .IcrHcy, H of llio 1(1 of IVnii-iylvariia, r> of tlm lOof Virt'iiiia; lolal ;14. ITlt.'l, Wasliin^'ton and Adiinis — Wasliin^jton had tlui votcH of ail thn Stati'H, viz., New llainjiMhin', New York, Now Ji'rst'V, I'eniwylvaniu, Pclawari', .Nfaryland, N'ir^'iiiia, Kcnliii'ky, Nortii ('iirolinu, .Suiith Curoliiiu und (Jourgiii; total i;fv'. AdtiiMs carried all tlirsc States with tlio exeeption of New York, Virj^inia, Kontmrky, Nortli ('urolina and (Jeorjjia; total T7 vnicH. IT'.K'. .\ilaniM and .lefferflon — Adiim!) had the votes of New llHin|)Hiiire, .Ma'^^achiiii'ltii, l{l\oil« Island, ('onneeti- cut, Vt'rnioiit, New ^'ork. New Jcr^ev, Pohiwart', I of the 16 of IVniiHylvania, 1 of tlio 'iU of \'ir;;inia, 1 of tho I"-.' of Nortli (!urolina, and 7 of tho 1 1 of Maryland; total 71. Thonnw ilclTerHoii IkhI II of fiio !."> votos of I'cnnsylva- nia, 4 of tho II of .Maryland, '-.'(> of tho 'Jl of Yir^rinia, Kentucky, 11 of iho I'i of North (!uroliua, Icnnessee, Goorj,'ia and ISonlh Caroliiiii; total 08. 1801. .Ii'lTersin and Hiiir — Had tho votes of tho States of New York, S of tho 1.") of I'cnnsylvania, 5 of tho 10 of Maryland, Vir;;ini.i, Kentucky, 8 of tho 1'-.' of North Caro- lina, Tonne-isec, South (.aroliiui and (ieorfjia; total 7;t. House decided .lelTcrson Presiilontand UnrrN'icc-Prcsident. Adams and Pinckney — Had tho votes of tho Slates of Now IIam|)Hh!re, Mas^achusettM, IJhodo Inland, (lonnocticnt, Vormont, New .Icrscy, 7 of tho J5 of i'eiinsylvania, Dela- ware, 5 of tho 10 of -Maryland, und 4 of thu 1^ of North Carolina; total 05. 180,'), JifTer-'on and Clinton — Had tho votee of tho States of New llainjwhirc, MasHachiiMctts, Rhode Island, Vermont, New York, N«w iJersoy, Pennsylvania, Mary- land, Virginia, North Carolina, South Carolina, (ieorgia, Tennessee, Kentucky lind Ohio; total 1C3. Pinckney and Kinj^ — Had tlio votes of tho States of Connecticut, Delaware and 2 of tho 11 of Maryland; total 14. IHOii, Madison und Clinton — Had tho votes of tho States of Vermont, New York, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, 9 of tho 11 of .Maryland. Virginia, 11 of "tho 14 of North Car- olina, South Carolina, (ieorgia, Kentnckv, Teuiiesseo and Ohio; total K't'. Pinckney and King — Had tho votes of the States of New Yoik, Massachnsettn, Kliode Island, Conneotiout, Dolaware, ;.' »! the 11 of Maryland, and '3 of tho 14 of North Carolina; t«tal 47. 18i:i, Madiiion and Gerry — Carried Vermont, Ponusyl- vania, 6 of the 11 of Maryland, Virginia, N«rth Carolina, South Carolinii, Georgia, Kentnoky, Tenneifee, Ohio and Loiiiniuna; total 1;.>H. ('liiiton and liifV'ixoll— Had tlm votei of tho States of New lIuiiipHliiie, .MuH.'aehnMt'lt-, Khode iNland, Connec- liciit, .New ^'ork, .Sew .lertiey, J>elawar« luid 5 of the II of Mui'ylaiiil; loia! t*\K l>lk mill Ditlliw— llud tho votoH of the itatea of MuiiK*. Nt*w Ilittii|i8hiru, Now York, I'vnniylruiiia, Vir- ginia, Soiiih Cnrolinit, Ocoruiu, Ii, In- (liunu, IliinoiH, .Vluhuniu, MiMMunri, Arkanuu and Michi- gan; total, I7<). Clity ami Kri'linxhuyiion— Had (hn votvi of tho itatei of Rhodi) Inlaiiil, Cormi'dtiiMit, VcrinoiU, New Junvy, Dela- ware, Maiyliiml, North ('urolimt, Kentucky, Tennvitiii'o and Ohio; total, 10^. IKI'J, 'Taylor and Kdlniori> — Had thu votcH of tho 8tat(>ii of MikSriuoliimcttH, Itliodo litlanil, OonnucticMit, Vrrnionl, New York, Now Jimhi'}, I'ennHvlvatila, Delaware, Mary- land, North (^'aroliiia, (ieori^ia, Kuntticky, 'reiincHHee, LouiBiana and Florida: total, l*i.'l Cam and Butler Had (ho votes of the States of Maine, Nuw HainjiHliire, Virf^iniit, South ('arolina, Ohio, Missis- sippi, Indiana, IliinoiH, Ahiliania, MiHHonri, Arkansas, Mi('hi((an, Texan, Iowa and WiMeonsin; total, I'iH. 18i).'J, I'ierco and KiiiK— Had the votes of the States of Maine, New Hampshire, liliode inland, ('onnecti(Mit, New York, New .lorsey, I'eniiHvlvania, Delaware, Maryland, Virginia, North ('arolina, S'oiith Carolina, (ieorgia, Ohio, niH.iipp , Mi.-h Hill and California; total. '^'.*i4 Sv .Icrsey, IVnimylvuiiia, Delaware, Virginia, North Carnliiin, Smiili Cnrolina. (ieorgia, Kentucky, 'IVn- ncHce, liOiii 'iiiitk, .Mi,-i->i-si|i|ii, Indiana, HIinoiti, Alahania, Mi-;soiiii, A kiinsas, Klunda. Texas and California; total, 1T4. I'Vcniont lid i>aytw York, 4 of tho 7 of Now Jer- Hov, Pennsylvania, Ohio, Indiana, IliinoiH, Michigan, Iowa, W'iHeonsin, California, Minnesota and Oregon; total, 180. Hreckinriilgo and liiine — Had tho votes of tho States of Delaware, Maryland, North Carolina, South Carolina, Georgia, Fjouisiana, Missinaippi, Alatianni, Arkansas, Flor- ida iiiid Texan, total, 7'i. DiiiigliiH and Jolinson — Had tho votes of tho States of Missouri, and ',i of tho 7 of New Jersey; total, 12. Hell and Kverett — Had tho votes of tho States of Vir- giniii, KiMitiiikv and Teiinesnee; total. 30. 18<1.), Liiici. and Jolinson — Had the votesof the States of Maine, New latnpHhire, Massaihnsetts, Hhodo Island, Connecticut, Vcimont, New York, Pennsylvania, Mary- laiul, Ohio, Indian:. Illinois. Missouri, .Michigan, Wiscon- sin, Iowa, Califon. 1. .MiiiMcsota, Oregon, Kansas, West Virginia and Neiira.ska; tolal, '-il'i. McClellan and reiulletoii -Had the votes of the .States of New .lersey, Delaware and Kciituckv; total, 21. Kli'ven States did not vote, viz.: .\labania, Arkansas, Florida, (ieorgia, Louisiana, Mississippi, North Carolina, South (Carolina, Tennessee, Texas and Virginia. 1877. Haves and Wheeler— Had the votesof tho S of Mhiite, New Haniphiro, Vermont, MassachusettH, I{ Island, Ponnsvhania, South Carolina, Ohio, Lonis IH(;ii, (irant and Colfax— Had tho votes of tho States of Maine, New Hampshiro, Vermont, MiuwiachusettH, Rhode Island, ( I'linei ticiit, Pennsylvania, North (Carolina, South Carolina, Alitliaina, Ohio, Tenneswe, Indiana, Illinois, .Missouri, Arkansaii, Michigan, Floridl^ Iowa, Wisconsin, California, Minnesota, Kansas, West Virginia, Nevadaand Nehrikska; total, 21 1. .Seymour and Itlair— -Had the votes of the States of New York, New ilersey, Delaware, Maryland, (ieorgia, liOiiiMi- ana, Kentucky and Oregon; total, 80. 'I'lireu States did not vote, viz.: Mississippi, I'exa* and Virginia. I87:l, (irant and Wilson— Had tho votes of the .Htati-s of .Maine, New Hampshire, Vermont, Mitssanhusetts, Rhode Island, (Jonneiaiciit, New York, Now .rorsov, Pennsyl- vania, Delaware, Virginia, North Carolina, South Caro- lina, Alahama, Ohio, Indiana, Illinois, .MissisKiniii, Michi- gan, Florida, Iowa, WiKconsin, California, Minnesota, Oregon, Kansas, West Virginia, Nebraska and Nevada; total, 28(;, (ireelev and Brown — Had the votes of the States of Maryland, (ieorgia, Keutuckv, Tounesseo, Missouri and Texas; total, (13. Three electoral votes of (Ieorgia cast for Oreelev, and the votesof Arkansas, )>, and lx)uisiiina. S, cast for (irant, were rejected. ~ States Rhod« . . isiana, Illinois, Michigan, Florida, Iowa, Wisconsin, California, Minnesota, Oregon, Kansas, Nevada. Neliranka and Colo rado; total, 18.^. Tilden and Hendricks — Had votes of Connecticut, New York, New Jersey, Delaware, Maryland, Virginia, North Carolina, (ieorgia, Alaliam.t, Kentucky, Tennessee, Indiana, Missouri, .\rkanHu., MissiHsip)ii, Texas and West Nirginia; total i^*4. 1881. (iartield and .\rthur — Had votes of Maine, New Hampshire, N'ermont, Massiudiusetts, Uliode Island, (on- necticiit, .New Y :k, lennsylvania, Ohio, Indiana, Illhiois, .Michigan, Iowa, Wisconsin, 1 of the eni. iimj. ;5.431; 1840, rem. iiiiij. 5.520; 1844, Deiii. iiMJ. IJ.OJO; 1848, f)«>m.!n:ij. 881; 1852, Dciii. inaj. 11,8411; Iti'ilj, Dem. inuj. 18,187; IhtiO, Diiii. iimj. 7,35.5; 18f;s, 1{.-|> iiiiij. 4.2:8- 1ST2, Ht-p. niaj. 10.82t> 18TG, Duin. iimj. ;1;J.:T2; 188t'. I),.|ii. maj. 2U,8G7; 18f4, Dem. plur. 33. 520; 1888, Ih-ui. j.lir. 00.113. ArkaiiBiiB — 1830, IJcni. iiiaj. 1,102; 1840, Dem. »..ttj. 889; 1844, Dem. maj. 4,042; 1848, Dem. maj. 1,712; 18,V2, Dem. maj. 4,709; 1850, Den., maj. 11,123; 1800, DiMii. maj. 3,411; 1808, Hep. maj. 3.034, 1872, Itep. maj. 3,440; 1870, Dem. maj. l'J,113; 1880, Di-m. ii-aj. 14,749; 1884, Dem. plur. 5J2,208; 1888 Dem. plur. 27,210. California — 1852, Dem. maj. 5.119; 1856, Dem. plur. 17,200; 1870. Kcp. plur. G.iT; 1804. Hep. maj. 18,293; 1808, Hep. maj. 500; 1872. Hej'. muj. 12,234; 1876. Rp. miij. 2,738; 1880, Dem. plur. 78: 1884, Hep. plur. 13,128; 1888, Hep. plur. 7,080. (Jdloni'la— 1880. Hej). maj. 1.308-. 1884. Rep. maj. 8,507; 1888, Hep. plur. 13,224. CouiK'oiicut — 1824, Loose Constructionist (Rep.) maj. 5,001); 1828, Loose Constructionist (Hep.) maj. 9.381; 1832; Loos'i CciMstruetionist (Hep.) maj. 0.480; 1830, Dem. nuij. 708; 1810, Whi;? (Rfl>.) maj. O.l.il ; 1.S44, \Vliig{Kep.) niuj. 1,0(8; 1848. Whig. (Hep) i>lur. 3. -.'08; 185'^. Dem. i)lur. 2,8'.t2; 1850, Hfp. Hiuj. 5,liC>; 180O, H,.p. niaj. 10.238; 1801. Hej). maj. 2.4nii; ih(;8. He]>. niaj. 3.043; 1872, Hep. maj. 1,348; I8;i;, Dem. maj. 1.712; 1880, Hep. maj, 1.788; 1884. D. D. 111. plur. ?.441. I'i..ri.i.i 1818, Whig (li.ji.)maj. 1,20'.); 1852. Dem. 'iiaj. 1,443; l8.»ii, Dvm. maj. l,.'i'.'>; 18(;u, D.'in. -'mj. 2.7:)'.t: 1872, Hep. iii.ij. 2,330; 18ti;, !{,.[.. maj. 920; 18,s!i, !)• lu. maj, 4,310; ls><4. Dmu. plui-. 3,;38; 18S8, D.-in. jilur. 12.002. (Jeoigia— 18!0, W hi;,' (Ki'|i.) iii.ij. 2..8or; isio. Whig (Hep.) maj .h,3.>; 18l4,Dem.iiiaj. 2,0", I ; |8-)S, Wliig (Hep.) maj. 2,742; 18.-)-^, Dem. maj. 18.01.".; I8."t';, i».iii. maj. 14.350; I8O11, D.-m. plur. 9,»io3: !80'<. Dem. maj ».').588; 1872, Dem maj. 9, 80O; 18"'0, Dim. iiiaj 79,012; 1880, Dem. maj. l.i'.i'.i; 1884. Dem. plur. 4';,9.;i; 1888, Dem. p'ur. 00.029. Illinois— 1824. Dem. plur. 3.")0: 1828, Pem. maj. 5.182; 1832, Dem. maj. 8,71s; l,s3" . Dmi. maj. 3.1 14; 1840, Dem. maj. l,79o; IS44, Dem, maj. s.i^ti; 1>48, Dem, plur. 3,253; 1852, Dem. maj. 5. OoT: 1n50, !), .-n. plur. 9.150; IPOO, Hep. maj. 5,029; 1804. H.p. maj. 30,100; 18i;8. Hep. maj. Si.lCO; 1872, Hej). maj. 53,948; 1870. Hep. maj. 1.971: 1880, Hep. maj. 14,358; ;884. Hep. plur, 2'i.l22; 1888, Hep. plur. 22,042. Iii.liaiia— 1884, Dem. plur. 2.028; 1«28. Dpjii. maj. 5,185; 1832, Dom. maj. l';,o8ii: 1830, Whig (Hep.) maj. 8,801; 1840. Whig (Hep. > maj. 13.0o7: 1844. Dem. maj. 208; 1848, Dem. plur. 4,s38: i,S52. Dem. maj. 7, old; 1850, Dem. mh:j. 1.9(i9: I8OO. Hep. m.-ij. 5,923; 1804, Hep. maj, 20,189; 1,S08, Hep. maj. 9.508; 1,872. Hep. maj. 21.098; 1870, Dem. plur. 5,515; I880. Hep. plur. 0,041; 1884, Dom. plur. 0,527; 1888, liep. plur. 2,348. Iowa— 184.S, Dem. plur. 1,000; 1P53. Dem, maj. .303; lasr. Rep. plur 7,784; 18C0, Hep. maj. !2,4S7;1804, Rep. maj 39,479; 1808. l.{ep. maj. 40.359; 1872. Hep. maj, 58.- 140; 1876, Ii»}p. -./laj. .-iO.lOl; J8S0, Hep. maj. 45,732; 1884, Hep. plur. 19,790; 1888. Rep. ).lur. 31,721. -;rT^. - - Kan.sa.— 1804, Hop. maj. 12.750; 1808. Hep.mij. r..058; 1872, Hep, Iiiaj. 33.482; 1870. Rej). niiij. 32.511; 1880. Hop. maj. 12,021; 18.84. Hei).plur.04.-i74; 1888. l{ei..plnr.',!i.901. Keiituikv — 1824, Loo.-o Constru.itiouist (Hep.) majority .0.32','; 1828. Dt 111. niajiritv 7.912: 1832. Lo-ho (".)t,Htruc- li; .'.i.-c (Hep.) majeritv 7.149; 1830, Whig (Hep ) luajor- t- 5. 20; 1840. WiM::"(Hep.)majoriiv 25,873; 1844, Whig (Hep.) majority 9.21)7 ; 1848. ^Vhig (Htp) nuiiority 17,421; 18.52. Whig (Hep.) majority 2.997; 1850. J)em. majority 6,912; 1800. Constitutional Union jilurality 12.915; 1804, Dem. majority 36.515; 1868, Dem. ma- jority 70.324; 1872, Dem. maj. 8,855; 1876 Dem. maj. 59,772: 1880. Dem. maj. 31,951; 1884, Dem. plur. 34,839; 1888, Dem. plur. 38,666. Louisiana — 1828, Dem. majority 508; 1832, Dom. m». jority, 1,521; 1830, Dem. majority 270; 1840, Whig (Hep.) maj. 3.680; 1844. Dem. niajor:ty"099; 1848. Whig (Hep.) najority 2.847; 1852. Dem. majority 1.392; 1856. Dem. 'najoriiy 1.4.">5; 1800. Dem. plurality 2,477; 1808, Dem. ma- ^ nty 46,902; 1872, Hep. majority" 14.634; 1876, Rep. ma- / .rity 4.490; 1880, Dem. majority 33,419; 1884, Dom. plur 16,260; 1888, Dem. plur. 54.700. .Maine — 1824, I.,oose Constructionist (Hop.) majority 4.540; 1828, Loose C .nBtriietionist (Hep.) majority ti,848; 1840, Whig (Hep.) majority 217; 1844. Dem. majority (>,5')5; 1848; Dem. plurality 4.765; 1852, Dem. majority 1.0J6; 1850, Hep. majority 24.974; 180O. Hep. majority 27,704; 1804, Hep. majority 17..V.I2; 1808, Rep. majority 28,0.33; 1872. Hep. majority 32.355; 1870, Hep. majority 15.814: 1880, Hep. majorify 4.400; 1884, Rep. plurality 20,009; 1888. Hep. plurality 32,252. Maryiaiiii — 1824, Loose Construetionist (Hep.) plurality 10'.'; 1828,LooseCoii8tri.ctii.iiisi(Hep.) majority 1.181; 1832, I oo.-^e Coiistructioni.-t (Hep.) majority 4; 1830, Whig (Hej).) majority 3, 08.'.; 184t», Whig (Hep.) majority 4,776, 1844, Whig (Hep.) majority 3,308; 1.848, Whig (lie]!.) ma- jority 3.049; ls-,;>, Den.." majority 4,900; 1850, Know- Nothing majority 8.00,4; 1.8i;o, Dem'. plurality 722; 1804, Hep. majority 7.414; 1808, Dem. niajomy 31,919; 187" Dem. majdrifv 9o8; 1870. Dem. majority 19.7"iO; 1880, Dem. m:ijorily 15,l;tl; 1884, Dem. plur. 11,305; 1888, Dem. ;ilur. 0.182. .Ma.'^.-aenus'tts — 1824, Ixjoso Coii.-triietionist (Hep.) ma- jority 24.071: 1828. 1joo.-;o Conslruelioiiist (Hej>.) majority 22.817; 1832. L00-" Con.struetioni.-t (Hep.) majority IS. 458; 18.30. Whig (Hep.) m.ijorit v 7.592; 1840, Wliig (Hi'p.) iiia;nritv r.t.305; l.'<44, Wilis,' (Hep.) majority 2.712; 1848, Whig (iilep.) i.liirality 23,oi4: 1852, Whig (Hep.) hiiirality 8,114; 1S50, H.'p". majority 49,324; 1800, Hep. majority 43,981; 1,S04, Hep. majority' 77,997: 1858, Hep. iiiaji-ritv 77,O0'.i: 1872. Rep. inajorit'v 74,212: 1S70, Ifep. majority 40.423; ls.80, J.Vp. m ■'. 49/t97; 1884, Heji. plur. 24 372;"l888, Rep. plur. 31.457. Mi. hiiraii— 1.830, Dem. majority 3,300; i840. Whig (Hep.) majority 1.514; 1844. Dem. plurality 3,423; 1848, Dem. plurality 0.747: 1852. Dem. majority 740; 1856, Hep. majority 17.906; I860, H- p. majority 22,213; 1864, Hep. maiorit', 16.917: 180S I..,., majority 31,481 ; 1872, Hop. majo,-it"v .'>5,908; 1870. Heji. majorit"y 15.542; 1880, Hep. majority 19.095; 1884, Rep. plurality 3,308; 1888, Ro!). plurality 22.903. Minnesota— I8O0. Rep. majority 0,339; 1804, Rep, ma- jority 7,085: 1808, Hep. majority "l5.47(i; 1872, Hep. ma- jority 20,604; 1876 Rep. majority 21,780; 1880, Hep. ma- jority ■J0..5S8; 1884. Rep. plurality 38,738; 1888, Hej). plur." 30,005. Mississippi— 1824, Dem. m.-ijor! 1,421; 1828, Dem. majority 5.182; l.>^32. Dem. majority 5,919; 1830, Dem. inajorit'y 2',il, 1840. Whig (Rop.) m'ajority 2,523; 1844. Dem. inajority 6,020; 1848, Dom. majority OiS; 18J)2, ■^fc^.-; =^ [).niij. 1 ; .O.'iH; 11; lHS(i. Kop. Iii'li.) iii;ij.)rity ) '^^'! ("oiintruc- (Uf)i ) iiiiijor- ; IK44, Wliig ,»>]).) iimjority ; 185(;, J)em. liou ]iluralitjr 8, Di'in. iiiu- li Dcin. iiiuj. plur. 34,839; 2, Deni. ma- . Whig (Rep.) Whig (U.T-) ; 1850. Deni. (iS, Dt'iii. ina- 870, Kep. ma- i; 1884, Dom. ■p.) inujorit» iijority 0,848; cm. iniijority )ein. nmjofity Jep. niiijority Hop. Iimjority Hi'p. iiiitjority IJop. plurality lop.) plurality ;v l.ISI;18;t2, ■ 18;i(), Whig ajniily 4,7:6, '.- (''''I'-) ""'' 18.")0, Kiiow- V V2-i; 1804, :il. '.•!!!; 187" l'.i.7"iO; 188G 11,305; 1888, si (Kop.) iiia- lop.) iiiiijnrity p.) iiiujiiiify .': 184(1. Whig iiijdi'ily '..'.712; Whig (Hop.) 4; ISOO. Hep. : isr.s, Ivop. I: ISTO. liop. 54, Ui'ji. plur, i840, Whig ;i,4-.'3; 1848, ty 740; l.S.-iO, •!•.'.•.' 13; 1804, 31,481; 1S7V', l,').,VK';lShO, 3,308; 1888, 04, Rep. ina- ^7",*, lio)). ma- <(i, li'op. nia- ;; 1888, ]{ep. 1828, Dem. 1830, ■Deni. v\5J3; 1844. ,v 0i5; 18i»:>, 5»9^ POLITICAL IXrORllATIOS. I i C^ Decc. majjoritT 9,328; 185C, Dora, majority 11,251; 1860, I)«in. tM^ority 12,474; 1872, liep. majority 34,887; 1876, D*ni. mmjority 59,568; 1880, Dem. majority 35,099; 1884, D«m plurality 33,001; 1888, Dem. plurality 55,375. Mi««ouri — 1824, Looso Constructionist (Rep.) majority liU; 1848. Dem. majority 4,810; 1832, Dem. majority b.lvi; 1S36, Dem. majority 2,058; 1840, Dem. majority 6,7?.S; 1^44, Dem. majority 10,118; 1848, Dom. majority T,4*;»*; 1852, Dem. majority 8,309; 1850, Dem. majority d.MO; iS60, Dem. plurality 429; 1804, Rep. majority 4l.i)?S; 1866, Rep. majority 21,232; 1872, Dem. majority \:*.S>iH; 1876, Dem. majority 54,389; 1880, Derr. majority r>.»»7; 1884, Dem. plurality 33,059; 1888, Dem. plurality 25.:<:'j. XebTMka— 1868. Rop. majority 4,290; 1872, Rep. ma- jority 10.517: 1876. Rep. majority 10,320; 1880, Rep. ma- joritj 32,603; 1884, I'ep. plurality 22,512; 1888, Rep. pioralitj «7,873. N'eTada— 1864. Rep. majority 3,232; 1808, Rep. ma- jority 1,262; 1882, Rep. majority 2,177; 1870, Rep. ma- jority 1.075; 1880, Dem majority 879; 1884, Rep. plural- ity l,f!15; 188, Rep. plurality 1,930. Ser Ilampsiiire — 1824, Loose (Jonstructionist (Rep) nuj'iriiT 3. 404; 1028, Loose Conatniotionist (Rep.) ma- jontT3,3H4; 1832. Dom. majority 0,470; 1830, Dem. plur- ality 12. 4<*4; lS4it, Dom. majority 0,380; I8M, Dem. ma- jonty5.13;i: 1848, Dom. majority 5,422; 1852, Dem. ma- j-iriiy '.155; 18,^0, Rop. majority 5,134; 180O, Rop. ma- jority 9.085 ; 1S04. Rop. iniijority 3,529; 1808, Rep. ma- jority 6.1W7; 1872, Hop. majority 5.444; 1870, Rep. ma- joriiV 2.954; 18M0, Rep. nmj. 3,530; 1884, Rep. plur, 4.«>59: 18!>8. Rop. plur. 2,370. Xew Jersey — 1824, Dom. majority 079; 1820, Loose Con«tnicnonist (Hop.) ni:ijority 1.80H; 1832, Detii. major- ity 4<£i: 1836, \Vhig{I{oi).) in.ijoritv 545; 1840, Whig(Rop) majoriiy 2.248; KS44, Whig (Roii.) iniijority 092; 1848, Wb:g (t{«'p.) majority 2,285; 1852, Dom. maj'oritv 5.399; I45«, l>em. plurality 18,005; 1800, Dem. majority 4,477; ls«J4. Dem. majority 7,.30l; 180s, Dom. majority •..'.870; Kt. R«-p. majoritv 14,570; 1870. Dem. majority 11, CW); l>S»-». IVm. plurality 2.010; 1884. Dem. plurality 4,412; IsS*. Dom. plur.Hlity 7,149. Xew York — Is2k, Dem. majority 4, .350; 1832, Dom. majoritr la.Oul; 1830, Dom. majority 28.272; 184tt. Wliip (Rie-p.) iiisjuriiy 10.,">00; 1K44, Dom. "plurality .^. 100; 1848. Whii(ll?p.) iiiijority 98,093; 1852, Dom. nnijority 1.872; 1»»5«;. R^'p. plurality 80.129; I81IO, Rop. majority' 50. 130: lS»;i. Bep. majority 0,749; 1808, Dom. majoritv 10. (kX); K:. Rep. majority "51,800; 1870, Dom. majority 20,5r,8: l>'<*». Kep. majority 8,000: 1884, Dom. plurality 1.148; 1».N Rop. ]>liirality 14.373. Xonb Csrolina— 1824. Dom. majority 4,794; 1828, IVm. majority 23,93!t; 1832, Dom. iniijority 20.299; 1836, Uem. majoritv 3,284; 1840, Whig (Rop.) maioritv 12.158; I'm;. Whig (l^^i) ) majority 3,945; 1848, Whig (Rep.) majority 8,081;* 1852, Dom. iniijority 027; 1850, Dom. majoriiy 11.300, 18t'>it, Dom. majority 048; 1808. Rop. majority 12.108: 1872, Hop. majority 24,(;75; 1870, Dom. majority 17.010; |88h. Dnn. majority 8,320; 1884, Dem. plarality 17.884: 1888, Di'Ui. plurality 13,11 '. Ohio — 18-24. Loose Coiislruotic)iii.-em. majority 4.2eni. piuraiitv li;.415; 1852. Uoin, plnialily 10,0',>4; I8,Vi. Itfp. pluraliiv 10.023; l8(;o. Rop. niaiority 20.; 79; 1804. Rrp. maj'trily 59. ."80; IS08. IJoj). majority 41.017: 1872. K.i-p majoritv 3J.2fi8; i870. Hop, majority 2,747: 1880, llep. majoriiv 27.771; 1884, Rep. plurality, 31,602; 1888, R^P plnralitV 19,599. ^*. ^^^ t. Oregoo— !«(«<:», Eep. plurality 1,318; 1864, Rep. majority 1,431; 1««*, Dem. majority 164; 1872, Rep. majority 3,517; l»7e, Bep. majoritv 647; 1880, Rep. majority 422; la84, B«p. plurality 2,250"; 1888, Rep. plurality 6,769. PeoiiaylTaaia — 1824, Dem. majority 24,846; 1828, Dem. maj'mtj 5«'.N(.4: ]k32, Dom. majority 34,207; 1830, Dem. majontV 4.3^: 18448. Whig (Rep.) majority 3.074; 1852, Dem. m'aj-.niy IO.mjh; 1850, Dem. majority 1,025; 1800, Rep. maj'-ritj 59,018; 1804, Hop. majority 20,075; 18(18, Rep. laajority 28.8i<8; 1872, Itep. majority 135,918; l!;70, Iter- Bimymtt 9.375; I88O, Rop. majority 10.008; 1884, Rep. ploiality 81,019; 1888 Rep.jilurality 79,458. Rhode bJan800, Hop. majority 4,537; 1864, Rop. majority 5.222; 1808, Hop. majority 0,445; 1872, Rop. majority 8.3.30: 1870, Hep. majority 4.947; 1880, [i»'p. majority 7.180; 1884, Hep. jilurality 0,039; 1888, Rep. pinnlitr 4.427. Sooth Carolina— 1808, Rep. majority 17,004; 1872, Rep. majoritv 41».4<.<': isTD. Hop. majority 904; 1880, Dem. majority 54,241: 1^^4. Dom. jilurality 48,112; 1888, Dom, plurality 5 V"^- TenneiBHK^— 1K24. Dem. majority 19,009; 1828. Dom. mJijoritT4I.K.V«: Ik.32, Dom. majoVity 27,301; 1830, Whig (Rep.)maj'.ritT 9.M2: 184(», M'hig (Hop.) iniijority 12.102; 1S44. Whiz nir 7.400; 18<;i), ('on.stitntiiiiiiil riiiini ]iliiiaiilv 4. .505; !«««. Rrp. majority 30.499; 1872, Dom. iniijority 8.73«; l»r«. iMa. majorit'v 43,000; 1880, Dem. nuijority 14.5W: 1««4. Dem. plur. 8,275; 1888, Dom, nliir. 18, '1118. TeXiU — iNl*. Ik-m. ma^i>rity 0,150; 1852, IK'in. mujor- ity 8..V»7. !**«, Dom. majoritv 15,530; 18(10, Dom, iimjor- ity .T2.1h'»: 1»»72, Domniajority 10,595; 1870, Dom. iiia- jo'ricy .W.itV»: 18W, Dem. majority 7o,878; 1884, Doiii. pIuraFity 132.1CK; ]K88, Dom. plurality 140,003. Vertnonl — 1*''28. I>»oge Const mot ioniKt (Hop.) majority 10 57?»: 1*32. lx«»Be CoiiRtruoiiunist (Hop.) ni.ijorilv 3,282; I.H.3>7. Wfc!2 <6: 1850. Dn plurality 358; 1872,"l!o|i. innjorily l,';:2; 187^. Dem. majf>rit V 44.112; 188(i. Rogular Dnn. inaj<.iitv 12,810; Dem- pJaralitv 0,315; 1888, Dom. jiliualilv 1,539'. W.-.t Virpima— 1804. Rep. majority 12,714; 18(";8, Hoji. roajorrty ««.*4; 18.50, Roii, iniijoi"it\ I2.(i08; Isoo, Hrji, { majoriry ■i.\».i(i4^.*: 1804, liop, mujority 17, 5M; 1808, l.'cj., majority t4.1S<#; 1872. Roj>. majority 17.08(5; 1870, Hoji, I majority 5>.2<'.<5: 18s(i. Hoji. mujority 21,783; 1884, Roji, I plurality 14,«(3: 1888. Re,>. plurality 21,271. i iti i HOLIT CAI. INFORMATION. POPULAR VOTE. 1 SHOWINO HOW KACH 8TATK WBNTANI) BY WHAT MAJORITY I THK PARTY CAKHIhl) IT FROM 1824 TO DATE. For l'ru.4iil'jntial uitiulidatfa from ISH U> liinl iiiclmlin^ 1.S88. Prior to l^H electorij wuro clxtsfii by tho lugislu- I turiM of tho (lifTerent StittcB. 18.U, J. Q. A.iiiiiis— lLi.1 U)i.:m to 155.872 1-. ...ick- 801), -ILvVsa for Cniwfonl, and 4v lloii.'fe j( Koprcsfiitativo*. | 1828, Ja.-kson— Had 647,231 to 5()lt.01)7 for Adams. Jai'kiion's majority, I3H,].'I4. Of tiie whoiu vote JackHoii had 55.i(7 j)erct:>f., Adams 44. o3. l-t;).', J,i(:k8oii — ilid 087,50,! to 5;)U,189 for Clay, and 33,108 for Floyd and Wirt c'lniltiiifd. .I^ickson's majority, 121.205. Of tiio wholo vote Jackson had 54.00 jur ci-nt., Clay 42.39, and othrrs coinhiiKMl 2.'!5. 1831), Van IJuren— lliul 701.54'J to 73»i,(J5t!, tho com- liined voto for llarri.son, Whiiu, Wi'hsiiT and Maguin. Vail Hiircii's majority, 21. H'.)3. Of tliu wholo voto Van Huren ha. 14. IS.-..'. 1' ore. — H:i 1 1.001,474 to 1.386,578 for Scott, and 156. 149 f .r Hale. I'ler.o over all, 58,747. Of the whoh vote I'lvreo had 50.90 |iereei.t.. Scott44.IO, and Halo4.97. 1856, Hiirjianan— Had 1,838.169 to l,341,2t!4 for Fre- mont, and 874.534 for Fillmore. Hnchaiuiiiover Fremont 4'.Mi,905. Hiiehanan less than combined voto of otherti, 377,629. Of tiio wholo vote Hucliainin had 45.34 per ont., Fioiuont 33.09, and Fillmore 21.57. ic''0, Lineoin— Had 1.866.352 to 1 .375,157 for Douglas, 845,763 for Hr.'ekinridK<', iinil 589.581 for Hell. Lincoln over Hreckinriilge, 491,195. Liiu'olii less than Douglas and Hreckinridge eombined, 354.568. F>incoln less than '•ombined vote of all others, 944.149. (.>f the whole vote liiiicoln ha I 39 91 percent.. Douglas 29.40, Breckinridge 1>< 08. and H II 12 61. 1864, F.iiicolM — li id 2,216,067 to 1,808.725 for MeClel- lan. (Kieveii Stj'.tv ■( not voting, viz.: Alabama, Aikan- sa-, Florier, 9.52'J for Smith, and 2,630 scattering, '■'ilden's majority over Hayes 2.50,935. Tiidon's majority n tho entire vote cut, 157,037. Hayes lera than tho combined voto of others, 344,833. Of tho whole vote cast Hayes had 47.96 per cent., Tilden 60.94 per cent., Coope- .97 per cen'.., Smith .11 per cen»., scattering .03. 1880, (Jarlield— Had 4,449,053 to 4,44'xi,036 for Hanc(»ck, .307, 3o0 for Weavir, and 12,570 scattering. Oartiold over Hancock, 7.018. (Jarfield less than the combined vote for others. 313,804. Of the popular vote Oarlleld had 48.26 per cent., Hancock 48.25, Weaver 3.33, scattering .l.'i 1884, Cleveland— Had 4.913.248 to4,848,150 for Ulaine, 151,062 for St. John, 133,728 for Hiulor. Cleveland over HIaine, fi5,098. Cleveland less than entire vote of oppo- nents, 219,712. 18W. Harrison— Had 6.4;}0,607 to 6,638,045 for Cleve- land, 257,243 to Fi^k, anil 114,623 to the liabor issue. Cleveland over Harrison, 10i,438. Ilarriaon less than entiro vote of opponents, 479,304. If turtied oTerevpiv S iiionlhii, '6 " • 8 " 12 " '• "2 vi'srs, 5 ■ HOW TC CONDUCT A SUCCESSFUL BUSINESS. That short credit and small profits form the golden rule for sueceK.-4 in trnde nniy be iieen from the following table, exhibiting the amounts realized for HOO at various percent- ages during various periods. Ani't at Ain't at Am't at Ain't at a pr. (1. 5 pr. et 8 |)r. el. 10 pr. ct. |a2t5.aO |7O3,0U ♦3,172.4.'i (;4..'>-'.'5 02 18(1.01 26.V:t2 460 111) 072.76 1>W.70 207.89 317.21 417.72 lH4:tll 102.88 'iV,H9 2.'i0 37 U.'i.Oa 127.02 UO!»:t 101.05 lOO.iiO 110.26 110 04 121.00 (.'oncerning Coal and Iron. — First notice of stone coal is H. C. 371. The coal fields of Kngland were the first jiractically developed. First record of stone coal used in England was .\. D. 820. Ueeordsof regular mining in Knglanti first nnide in 1180, Coal first 1136(1 in London in 1240. First tax laid on coal in Kngland in 1379. Ta.x was repealed in 1831, having been laxed 400 years. First patent for making iron with pit coal was granted io Simeon Sturtevant, in 1012, but was not sncceHsful. On (loa!. Steam Heating, Etc.— In 1747 iron was made in EnglaiKl with pit coal, suitable for the muniifacture of eatmon. In 1788 the production of iron with pit coal in Kngland was 48.;iO() tons; with charcoal, 13,000 t of stuiie coal !♦ >--^ t»:e family physician. THE . pamily pi^ysigai^ Tlio foUowitiR receipts written by DU. J. H. GUNX will III' fomid of jiroiil valiif, i'S|M;c'iully in einergi-ncicis : Asthma. — 'i'uko hyssop water aiiii poppy water, of eaoii ten ounces ; oxyinei of si|iiilis, six ounces ; syrup of niaiiieii hair, two ounces. Take one spoonful wiien you lind any (litViriilly in lircatliinp. Ague In the Breast. — 'rak(^ one jian of gum camphor, two jiaris M'liuw hces-wax, three parts clean lanl ; lei all melt .slowly, in any vessi'l learlhen best | on titove. I'.-e cither colli or warm ; spreail \ery thinly on cotton or linen clotiis, covcriiifi those wiili llannel. No matter if the breast i.< bn)kcn, it will ciu" if persevered in. l)o not, no matter how painful, cease from drawing milk from the breast that is Mtfeeted. Ague, Mixture. — Mix twenty ^'rains i|iiinine with one pint ililiiinl j,'in or port wine, and iidd ten {,'rains s:il)ear- iiona'e of iron. Dose, a wine-trlass each hour until the aj;ue is broken, and then two or three limes a day until liie uholo has l)een iincil, •,'. Take Peruvian baik, two ounces; wild cherry tree iiark, I ounce ; cinnamon, onedraehm ; powdered capsicum, one leaspoiiiiful ; Hulphur. one (Uiiici^; port wine, two (pntrls. Let it stand ii day or two. Dose, a wine-;rhis.sful every two or three hoin-s until the disease is hroivcn, and then two or three times a day until idl is taken. Sprained Anitle. -Wasli the ankle frei|uentlv with c.ild ,-all unij uaier. which is far better I ban w.irm vine^'ar or ilei'octiolis of herbs Keep your fool iis cold as pos>ib!e to prevent iiillammaiion, and ril with ii elevated on ji eu.'hiou. Live on very low diet, and take every day s.^r'ie eiiolin;,' nicdicinc. Ky obeying; iicse direciiond only, a spiaiiieil ankle has been cured in ii few days. Apoplexy. Occurs only in tii. corpulent or o!)ese. uiid till' j,'ro>s oi bij^li livers. 'I'o treat, raise the head to a nearlv tipii;.'ht ))osiiion ; unloose all ti;.'ht clothes, strings, etc.. ami appiv cold water to lh«' liead and warm water and warm clotns to the feet. Have !he apart nent cool and Well ventilated (live nothin:; by the nioulh until the breathing is relieved, and tlicn oidy draughts of cold water. Preparation for the Cure of Baldness.— Unni.one pint; alcohol. >ine ounce; di-l illed water, one ounce, liuct- iire of eantharides, a half dracjiin; cail>onateof potash, a half drachm: cari)onati> of ammonia, one drachni. .Mi\ llic rn|tiids after haviuLr dis^iolvcd the mdts, and lllter. Afti'r the skill ol theliead lias been wetted with tloj pi 'pa- raliou bn- several minutes, it shoiihl be washed with water. Bilious Colic. Mix I"" tablc^poonfllls of Indian meal HI bail' a pint of told water; drink it at two di'(iu>.'hts. Bilious Complaints.— Take the mot, and brniich of dandelion, and steep it in wd'l water a stiHicient h ngth of time to extract all the es.sciice; then strain the liipior and simmer until it becomes ipiite thick. Dose: l'"rom one to three glasst s a day may be taken with good clTect. Blackberry Cordial.— To one (|uart blackberry juice add one pound w liitc sugar, one tahles|)oonfill each cloves, allspice, cinnamon anil nutmeg. iioii togciiicr tifteeii minutes, and add ti w iiie-i;lass of whisky, brandy or rum. Mottle while hot, cork tight and seal. I'sed in iliarrhica and dysentery. Dose, a wine-glassful for an adult, half that (jiiantity for a child. It can lie taken three or four times a day if the casi; is severe. Blisters, — <>n the feet, occasioned by walking, are iiired bv drawing a needleful of worsted thread through theu;; cli|i it oil at l>oih ends and leave it till the ^kin peals off. Raising Blood.- .Make a ti.i of white oak bark, and drink freely diiiiiig the da\ ; or lake half a pound of yellow- dock loot, boil ill new milk, say oi." ijiiart; drink oih' gill three limes a day, and take one pill of white pine pitch every day. How to Stop Blood, lake the liiie diisj jif |im, or the scrapings \\ cease to Ibiw. Boils. -Make ii poultice of ginger and Hour, and lay it on ll'e l..iil. 'i'his will sunn di-aw it to a lu'ad. Swelled Bowels in Clijidren. - Maihc the -lomaeh of iheihild w'th catnip Nieejieil, niixcil with frc-li biili'r and sugar. Chilblains. — Dr. i'\'rjjiis recoiiunends piilphnrons aiid in tiiis allei lion. It should be applied with a earners hair brush, or by ineiins of a spray iirodiieer. One applieaiion of Ihi- I llects a cure. The acid should be used iPiire. A giHiil wash for hands or feet alTeeted with chilblains i< sul- phurous acid, three parts; glycerine, one parl.iind water one part. The acid will be found |iariieiilarly useful in the iiritat'iig. tni iiieiiiing stage of ■■ hilM.iii,-. Chilblains and Chapped Hands. Winn diilbiain^ manilest tbeiuH'hes, Ihebcst remedy not only for prevent- ing tiuir ulecratiiiL', but overemning the tingling, itching pain, ami siiiniilaling the irculation of the part to licaltKv action, is the liniment of bclladona, two ilracbins; the Ijni. meiit of aconite, one dracliin; cailiolic aciil, ten iliops: 1 iilloilidii lU'xile, oni' ounce: |iainleil w it h a cainers hair pen cil over their surface. When t be chilblains vesicate, ulcer ate or slough, it is bi'tter to omit the aconite and applv t In otheri ompouuntsof the liuiiiiuiit without it. Theeollt.ili.M ini i l) ! '! i MiT r >: ■tnft FAMILY PHTBICIAN. flcxilo furiiiH II coiitiiij; or protect iiijj liliii. wliicli t'xcludcs tlio iiir, whilii the Hciliitivo liiiiincntM allay llio irritation, >;oiic'rally of no triviirf nature. For ehapiied lunula wo advise tiie free use of >;lyeeriiie iiiul j;ooil oil, in tlu^ propor- tion of two parts of tlio former to four of tlio latter; after tliiri hart heeu well riilibed into tlio iiamlrt Hn com- plaintrt not, iinfri'quently invade persons of [anguicj circula- tion and relaxeil lialiit, wiio nhould be jmt on a pMieroiis rcfjinien, and treateil with ferruj;inou.s tonics, (tbstinato cases aro occaHionally met with which no local application will remedy, unless some disordered Htato of tho system is reiiioved, or the ^'.'iieral coiuiition of tlie patient's health improved. ('li:iii|Kd lips are also benefited by tii(( uliinu- latinj,' f'lrm of ajiplication wo ;nlv.; 'ate, but tho aconite must not be allowed to get on the lips, or a disagreeable tingling results. Chilblain Balm. — Hoil together ten fluid ounces oMvo oil, two Ihiid ounces X'enico turpentine, and oiu; ounce yel- low wax; strain, and while still warm add, constantly stir- ring, two and a half drachma balsam of IVni and ten graitH camphor. Cure for Chilblain.— Make a strong lyo by boiling Wood ashes in waler. I'ut your feet in a snuill tub and cover tlieiri with the lyo as hot as you can bear it. (irad- nallyadd more lye, hotter and hotter. Keep them in half an hour, bathing and rubbing them continually, and bi'ing very careful to keeji the lyo hot. Chilblain Lotion. — Dissolve one ounce murnite of ammonia in one-half pint eider vinegar, and apply fre- (pienlly. One-half jiint of alcohol may bo added to this lotion with good etTects. Chilblain Ointment.— Take mutton tallow and lard, of each ihree-fou. (lis of a pound avoirdupois; inel* in an iron Vessel, and add hvdrated oxide of iron, two ounces, Htirring continually v*itli an iron sjiooii until the .'nasa is of a uniform black color; when nearly cool add N'enice tur- pentine, two ounces; Armenian bole, one ounce; oil of lierganiot, one drachm; rub up the bole with a little olive oil before pulling it in. Anpiv several times daily by put- ■ ' . It ■" ■ ■ " ■ " ' (iavH. ting it upon liiit ur liiieit. It houla thu worst cusua in a few Russiaa Remedy for Chilblains.— Silecs of tho rind of fully ripe .iiciiniliers, dried with the soft parts attached. i'rcvioiis to use they are sofleiieii by soaking them in warm water, and are tiicii boiiiid on the sore parts with the inner side ni'\t thciii, and left on all night. This Ireatment is said to lie adopted for btith broken uiul unbroken chilblains. How CO Cure Itchinj? Chilblains.— Take hydrochloric aciil, one part, and water, eight parts; mix. Apply on going ;o bed. 'i'liis must not be u.seil if the skin is lirokeii. Sal aminoTiiac, two ounce* ; rum, oiU'pint; caru]ihor, two drai'hms. 'f lie alTected tmrt in wetted night and morning, aii'l when dry ia touclieif with a little simple ointment of any kind — cold cream or pomatum. (>il of turpeiiline, four ounces; eaniphnr. tiix drachniH; oil of lajepiil, tw(i drailiiiis. Apjily with friction. How to Cure Broken Chilblains. Mix together f«.nr fliiiil iiunces eollodioM, one ami a half lliiid ounces N'eiiicu tur|ientine, and otic fluid ounce castor oil. How to Cure Corns. — Ti . equal parts of men u rial and galliaiiuni oiiinieiits ; i',\ I 'ii w' I t('!::''ther, spread on a piece of soft leather, and ;.;,'* ! t.. tliu c^'ms morn- ing and eyeiiing. In a few kin, and when cold roll the mass between tho h wuis, and upjily it on ii jiieco of white h'athcr. Soak the feet well in warm water, then with a sharp iiistrumeiit jiaro olT as riiucli of tho corn as can ,0 dono without pain, and bind up tho j)art with a ]iiece of linen or muslin thoroughly satunited with sperm oil, or, which is better, tho oil which tloata upon tho surface of the herring or mackerel. After three or four daystho dressing may bo removed by scraping, when the new skin wiil bi! found of a soft and heaithy texture, and less liable to the formation of a new corn than before, t'orim may bo jire- vented by wearing easy shoes. Bathe tlio feet freipiently in lukewarm water, with a little salt or potiuihes dissolved in it. 'I'lio corn itself will be completely destroyed by rubbing it often with a little caustic solution of potiuih til' tho ..oft skin is formed. Scrape to •■. pulp suflicu-nt Spanish gi.-lie and bind on the corn over night, after first soaking it we,' in warm water, and scrajio off as much aa possible of the liardener, and w ith a little |)ickiiig the corn will be dissolved. 2. Take a lemon, cut olT a small piece, then nick it so as to let in the toe with the corn, tie this on at night HO that it cannot move, and in :he inoi ning you will liiid that, wiili a blunt knifi', you inuy remove a cousider- abl(! |iortion of the corn. .Make two or three applications, aiul great relief will be the result. How to Cure Solvent Corns.- Kxposo salt of tartar (pearlash) in a w iile-iiiotii h vial in a damp ))laco until it forms an oil-like liijiiid, and apply to th<- corn. How to Cure Cholera. — Take landanuin. tincture r'ayciiiic, con 1 1 Mill nd tiiuiurv rhubarb, i>eppcrniint and cam- plio , of each cipial parts. Dose, ten to thirty drops. In jihiin lernis, lake e(jiial parts tincture of o|iiiini, red pepper, rhubarb, peppermint a. id camphor, and mix them for use. In case of (jiarrh(i>i;, take a dose of ten to twenty drops in thret^ or four teaspoonfula of water. No ono who has liiia by him, and takea it in time, will ever have the cholera. Signs of Disease In Children.— In the case .r a baby ot yet ibie to talk, it must cry wlien it is ill. The c<'lic •^- Ill niiikus a baby cry loiiil, long, and iiasnionuti'ly, aiuJ shod tears — stoppinf? ^)r a inoiiicnt anil bi-^jitiniiif; again. If Ibn ('hunt irt alTcctt'iI, it gives ono sharp cry, breaking <)(T iiiiincdiatclv, an if civing iiurt it. If till! Iii'ud IS alTi'i'tcd, it cries in sharp, piercing shrieks, witii low moans ami wails between. Ur there may be fpiiet dozing, anil startini^s between. Jt is ea«y enough to perceive, where a chil.l is attacked by didoasp, that there has some change taken place; for cither its skiii will bo dry imd hot, its appetite gone; it is Htujiidly sleepy, or fretful or crying; it is thirsty, or jiale and languid, or in Koino way betrays that something is wrong. When i\ child voi.iits, or has a diarrho'a, or is costive and feverish, st is owing to some derangement, and needs attention. Hut these various syniptoms may con- tiiuio for a day or two before the nature of the disease can bo dotermino(l. A warm bath, warm drinks, etc., can do no harm, and may help to determiiio the case. On corning out of Mm bath, and being well rubbi'd with the hand, the skin will show Bymptoms of rash, if it is a skin di.sca.' can bo leariieil. Afeasles art! in patches, dark red, and comr> out first about the face. If Bc -let fever is impeiuling, the skin will look a deep pink all over the body, though most 8< boui the neck ami face. (;liicken-pox shows fever, but not so miicli running at the nose, and appearances of cold, as in measles, nor is there as much of a cough. Resides, the spots are smellier, uml do not, run much togdluT, and aro more ditT,.sed over the whole surface of ilic skin ; »nd enlarge inlc ui^sters in a day or two. How to Cui'e ConS'.inptiori.— Take one tablespoon- I ful of tar, and llie yolks of three hen's eggs, heat them well together. Dose, one Uiblespoonful morni^ig, noon and night. Croup, Remedy for In One Minute.— This retncdj i- simpl) all. ill. Take a knife or grater, and shave or grate o(T in sn.M'l particles about a te!i.s|)oonful of alum; mix it wit!i about t wici' its ([uan'i'y of sugar, to snake it palatable, and administer as (|' i. Kly as pos^^ible. Its elTects will be truiv magical, as almoBt instantaneous relief will lie affordiMl. Cholera Remedy, Hartshorne's.— Take of chloro- forin, tincture of (ipiiini, spirits of camplKir, and sjiiritsof aromatic amnioiiia. each oiu and one-half lluid I'lachnis; creosote, tiirec dro|)s; oil of > innamoii, eight dro|)s; brandy, two lluid drachms. I)iline a tcaspoonful with a wine-glass of water, and pve two teaspuoufuls every livo minutes, fol- io wi.-d by a lump of ice. Cure for Dandruff. — Oood mild pnap is one of the safest remedies, and is sutlicicut in ordinary cases; car- bonate of potash or poda is too alkaline for the skin. Every applicaiiou removes a jiort ion of the cuticle, as you may oliservc by the smoothness of the skin of your hands after washing them wilii it. hoi'ax i;; rei'omme' deii ; but this ia also soda combined with a weak acid, boiiicic, acid, and may by protracted use also injuriously act on the anil]}. Soap is also soda or potash < oin'mu'd with the weak, fatty acids ; and when tiie soap contai"s an execs of the alkalies or is siiarp, it is as iiijuiious lus the carbonate of potash. All that iiijurea till- seal' 'iijurcs the growtii of the iiair. OiU! of the best a[iplicat'ous fi'o:ii the vcgctalih^ kiiigdoin is the niiieilaginous di'coction of the root of the burdock, called bardane in Fcii'h (botanical name. Lappa .\fnior). In the mineral kingdom the best remedy i-: a solution of flowers of sulphur in water, which may be niaile by the ad- dition of a very small jiortioii of suljihideof potassium, say ten or twenty grains to the pint. This soluti(Ui is shaken up with the saTphur, aud the clear liquid reniuining on the top is used. This recipe is founded on the fact that sul- iihiir is a poison for inferior vpj^ctablc or animal growth, like dandriitT. itch, etc., and is not at all a poison for the superior animal like man. How to Cure Diphtheria.— A Krrnch nhyHician ex- presses his |iic'fereiice for lemon juici , a.y the a|ipliciition of a poultice fif tea l.-aves. How to Cure Cancer. - Hoil down the inner hark of red and white oak to the consistency of rnolius.scs; triiplv as a plaster, shifting 't once a week; or. burn red oak mirl< to ashes; sprinkle it on the sore till it is eaten out; then apply a plaster of tar; or. take garget berries and leaves of stra- monium; simmer lliem together in cpial parts of nealsfool oil and the lops of hemlock; mix well together, and ajiply it to t!;i,' [larts iilTected; at the same time make a tea «f winter-green (' A and brancli); put a handful into two 'juarts of water, add two ounces of sulphur and drink of this tea freely limiiig the day. Castor Oil Mixture.- Casmr oil, one d(*«sert spoonful; magnesia, one dessert s|ioonful. iiiih together into a liaste. Hy this ■ ■mDinatioii, the tasti^ of the oil is almost entirely concealc' and children lake it without opposition. How to Dis! se Castor Oil. -Hull up two drops oil of lroii;' alum walci, ;,.iply as hot I's can be borne. How to Cur3 Cold.— I'ake Iim-cc cents' worth of li(( uorice, three ■[ rock candy. Iliiee of gum arable, and f'Ui them into a ipiart of water; sininuT them till thoroughly i • IB I THR FAMILY PHYHICIAN. I :? knsiii\i'ii, tlit'ii mill tlin^i' I'i'iit.s' wortli pHrcgorii!, iiiul li liko ij.iaiitit y of iiiitiiiiiiiiiul wiiu'. How to Cure Corns. — Hi'il tnimcro ilown to itit cx- liHct, ilii'ri mix uilli it ii i|iiaiiliiy i>f wliitc |>iii(' i)iti'li, iiiiil i»|(|il\ it III liic coi'ii; ii'iu'w it (nicc a week until tlio coin cllSU|i|lrai.>. Good Coug'h Mixture. — Twh oiiiucs itniiiioniu i>;li)Vc); (iiic-ljiilf iiiiiii'i! cai'li of sweet, niiiritrt of nil re and sM'ii|i "if |"i|i|iies; t wo (Iraeiinis sohitiou of huI- (liiale of nn)r{)liia A talilespounfiil of tills niixttirti is to lie taken foMi' linu s a i!av. '4 'I'inelure of l)l(Mii||()iil, line (innee; snip'naie of inor- |iliia, one ami a lialf ^'lain-*; tineiure of di^ntalis. one-half ounce; ttJMu of aiiliinoiiv, one half oiinee; oil of winter- (^reen, ten ilrops. .Mix. |)ose from twenty to forty (Irojm Iwiee ur tlirt'o times u day. Exei'llunt for^ii huril, dry l!OUi(h. .'l. Common sweet eider, hoiled down to one-half, mukes a most, exeellont syi'iip for colds or eonj;hs for ehildreii, is lihiii.sani to the taste, and wiil keep for a year in ii cool i;i!llar. In ivcoverinj,' from an illness, tho Hyslem iia.-, u oraviiii,' for some plea.sani drink. 'I'his is found in cider which i- placed on the lire as snon as made, and allowed to come to a hiiil, then cooled, put in casks, and kejit in a itool cellar. 1. Riiast a large lemon very carefully witliout hiirninjr; when it is thoroiiu'hly hoi. cut and sijuee/e into ii cup upon Miree ouiicesof su^Mri'aiidy. liiielv piiwilered; take a sponn- I. I whenever your ciiuf,'h trouliles \oii. It is as good as it i i plea-aut. Cure for Deafness. — Take ant's ej;j;s and union juice. .M : V rddioptiicm into tlie ear. l>roji into the I'ar. at ui;^ht, ; or ei;:ht ilrops of hot sweet oil. Remeaies for Diarrhoea. -1. T.ik(> one teaspoonful of .-dl. I lie .-ane- iif j;impi| \ine;:ai'. and a talilesponiiful of w.ilci ; mix and drink, li acts like ii charm on tho s\.^lem, and even onii dusu will j,'cnerally I'ure ohstiiutte cases of di.irrho'a, or the tii>l .>.ta;.'cs nf chnlera. If the first does not liiiii^ eompleii! relief, re|>eate the di^se, as it is fpiite h.irmlcss. 'i. The hest rliuliarli root, jiuherizcd, I ounce; pcpperndnt leaf. 1 ounci', capsicum, i ounce; cover with iioiliu;,' water and steep thorouf^hly, strain, and add lii- I ailionale of potash and essence of cinnamon, of each A ounce; with hrandy (or good whisky); eipial in ninount to the whole, and loaf su;:ar, four ounces. Itose- — for an adult, I or y talilesjiiiiins; for ti child, 1 to 5J tea.s]ioons, fiom H 10 fi times per day. until relief is ohlaiued. .'!. 'I'o lulf II Imshid of hlackherries; well mashed, add a ipiarter of a pound of idlspic(', '-i ounces of cinnamon, '■i oiincesMif clii "s; pulverize well, mix and Imi! slowly until |iriiperly iJonc; t li. n strain or sijuee/.e the jiiico through hiMiie-spiin or tlaiiiiel, and add to each jiint of the juice 1 pouml of loaf -'i^'ar. hoil aj^ain for snnie time, take it olT. and wliiio eooliu'r, add half ii gallon of the hest t'ognac lirandy. Cure for Cnronic Diarrhoea.— Iiuyerrecommends the ftSKoci.iiiiin of cinchona, chari'oal and liismuth in the treat- ment of chninie diarrlnea, in th" fiillowiiig priiportions: Sulinilrate of liismuth, one ilrachm; ciniliona, yellow, powdereil, one-half drachm; charciial, vegelahle, one drachm, .dako twenty powders and take I wo or three a day d iiing tho intervals lid ween iikmIs. Cures for Dysentery. Tincture rhuharh, tincn.-e of capsicum, linciuic cf camphor, essence uf ginger and laudat'.iim, (tipnil parts. Mi\: shake well and take from ten to Iweiifv drops every thirty miiiincs until relief is oli- t.iin :d. Tins i ; a dose for an adult. Half the amount f<>" a . iiild under twelve vears of age. 5J. 'I'ake sonie butici olT th(M'liurn, iinmediately lifter being cliiiriied, Jiiat as it Trrs" is, without being salted or wiwlipil; clarify it over tho fire like lionoy. Skim llflll I'iri'; lill tlw lll)l('S|)l)(lIlflll one tiililc- talll('S|MM)|l- it fpf water, \ willc-;,'lllHH taken every iriii^' (lyseii- is full taken ility kIkiiiIiI a tea('ii|iriil Miiil make K Kiii^'iilar iloyeil l)v a itewski : It mil in fiir- irit ililiiteil nd coiree as III! t he fiMxl ■li in s|iii'it k ami (liirt. •nie (lisjrnKt I his (lesir<* 1 liiiiL'er (le- I ose, one talile.-i .lonfnl. three moii ;jej.-. missing three: and for a wash, make II strong lea of sumach, washing th. alTected |iarls frci|ii iitlv. and keejiing the handage well wet. Cure for Fits. -Take of tincture of fox-glove, ten d rolls at each liiiie twii-e a day, iind increi4.se one drop at each lime as long iis the stoinaeh will hear it, or it causes a inillseolis feeling. Glycerine Cream. — Kcecipt for cimpped lips: Take of si'ciinaeeti. four .iiachms; whiti wax. one drachm ; wl of almonds, t»vo tniy niinees ; glyeeriiie. one troy oiintre. .Melt the spernmcc!i, vax and oil together, and wlien inol- ing stir in glycerine and perfume. Glycerine Lotion. — Kor softening the skin of the face and ha;id~. i -.pei lally during the eonuneneeinent of cold Weather, and al.-o for allaying the irritation caused hy the razor: Triturate, four and a half grains of cochineal with one and a halt llnid ounecs of lioiling water, adding grttdii- itlly ; then add t»o and a half llnid ounces of alcohol. Ahii) make ail emiilsioii of eight drops of otiar of roses with thirty grains of gi*tn aialiic and eight llnid ounces of water : then add three lliiiil ounces of glycerine, and ten i.id diiiehins of i|uince iiiueilagc. Jlix the t wo lii|uids. Flesiiworms. -The.'^e spmks, when they exist in any niii.iiier, are a cause of much iinsightliness. They are min- ute corks, if we may iisp the term, of coiignlated lyinji, which cliiHe tho orilieeH of Rome of tho pore.? or exhulent vcHsels of the skill. On (he skin iinmediatelv adjacent t<> them lie- ing pressed with the linger nails, tliesi- hits of coagulated lymph will roine from it. in a verinii iilar form. They are viilgai'lv called "llesh worms." iini'y ner.'ons faticying them lo he living ereatiiri'S. These mav he got rid ol' nliil prevc.itcd from returning, lis washing with te|iid water. I>y , proper rriciion with a lowd, and hy tin application of ii little cold creMiii. '{"he longer thesi' little piles are per- mitted to remain in tht skin the more lirmly they heeomo I lixcd ; and after a lime, wli n I In y lose 'heir moisture they are converted into long lioiiy |i.'iies as dense as hristles, and ' having milch of t hat char;. eler. They ar known hy the name of spoiteil aehne. Wit' retard to local tre-'incid, the follow ing lotions are alciiit'eil to ho servieeahlc^ : 1. I hislilled ro-e water, I iiiiit ; sulphate of zinc, 20 to (iO I grains. .Mix. "..'. Siilpinte of copper, '..'(> gniiiis ; rose- ■ w.'iler, -t ounces ; water. T.' Minces. .Mix. .'J. ;;ilof sweet ; almonds, I oiiiiee ; llnid potash, I dr.chm. Shake well to- gether and then mill rose-water. 1 ounce; pure w: ter, '> I unices .Mix. 'i'lie ■ lode of n. ing these reiiie 'icR is to rui) the pimples for some minutes with ii r-Miidi towel, and thoii ilali tlieiii with the lotion. 4. Wash the face twice a day with warm water, and riili 'eii. ii'iig elTcit ol inerciiria! |irepar ''oiis. .iiferred • hat tlio>-ri ..,;1' of a local parasitical fungus was the (•■•tu.eof the disi oioraiioii of the skin, which extended lie ripened its spines ill the wanner season. Knowing that si:l; h - arho- lale of zinc is a deadly enemy to all iiarasiti ■ egetalion (il.scif not heiiig otiiciwi.^e injiiriius;, he aiiiill d tlii Fult for the purpose f reiie viii ' he fre kles. '. he (■ompoiiiid eciiisi-ts of I »\o parts f siiiphoeail. lateof /inc. twenty-fivo parts of (li-tillc'l e!\c riiic t eiity-tlve p.rts of rose-water, and live parts of .^ceiii d alcohol, and is o he amdied twice daily for from half an hour' >anli< ii , then w:t.slied olT with cold water. I'roiei lion again! * th sun h\ veiling and other means is reeoiiimciided, and i .ddition. for p rsouuof pale eomplexion, .<-ome mild pn-paration f iron. Gravel. — 1. -Mak a stnmj^leaof tho low lierb called luyirt's eiu«e, and drink freely. :.'. Make if .laeoh's ladder u strong lea, .'inil ilriiik freely. .'!. Make of bean leaves a strong tc.'i. and dniil; frcelv. Wash for the Hair. — ( .n-iile soap, fin«-Iy shaved, ono tea>| 11 III I; .piriis III' ha rl. shorn, one draehin; alcohol, livi^ ounces; cologne water and bay riiiii. in ei|nal ipiaiitities eiioiigh lo make I'iglit ounces. Thin should In* ]ioiired on the head, followed l)\ 'Aariil water {.-.oft water); the result will he. on washing, a eopioiis lather and a smarting seii.sH- lioti to ili(> person operated on. Ifiih this well into the hair. Finally, rinse with warm water, and afterwards with cold water. If the head is very niiieli clogged uiih dirt, the hair will come out plentifully, but il;'- sculp irill become white and perl'ectly elcatl. Hair Restorative. — Take of (yistoroil, six flni! ounces; alcohol, tweiit\-six lliiid ounces. Dissolve. Then add '&■- ; ! I I II n 'il liMi !■; ,t TSI PAMII.T I'llYHtCIAN. lii ctiii'c of c'linllmridcs (miulo with strong iilcohoh, one lliiid oiiiiic; cHui'tico of jt'HHUiniiie (or other pi'rfunir), one and a Imlf Iliiid oiiiicom. Cure for Heartburn. — Sal volutihi combined witlicam- Jlllor is !l >.|ll -lllfid lllllrllv. sick Headache. — 'i'alti'uteiwpooni'ul of jKiwdered char- f'ii;d in iiiiiliif'MW i\rry inoriiinfj, uiid vauiii it down with a iittli' Icit, or drink liall h ':l!U<.'4of raw rum or gin, and drink fri'i'lv of riKiv weed leu. Headache. I'r. SiivcrH, of Ohio, in the PhilMieiphia .Ui (/Kill and ^'iiiyiiiil I't/itirler, rrconitiii'nds t-rgot in head- ni'lic, i's|ii'i'iitlly t lii^ ijcrvdiis or .sick hi'.tdache. He sayii it wdi iiiro II lar;;(r |iroiiorticiii of iwna tliununj other ronitily. His tiirorv of itsai'iiui) is tliat it h'bttcna the nuaiitity of lilood III till' liiaiii liy coiitractiiij,' tiio niiiBCiilur liKrtsot the iirtiria! walls. Ilcfrivcs leu U. twenty droim of the fluid c-xtnul, rf|icat('d every lialf hour till relief n obtuinecafiiiiii idiiiui is eontra-indii'iiteil, it.4 had ofTecta arc moder- ated, he says, liy eoinliinin^' it with ergot. Headache Drops. — I'or tho euro of nerTons, «nn, and siek iieadaelie, lake (Wo ijiiiirls of iilcoiioi, thri-e otincea of Castile soaii, one oiine<- eaiiiphor, a:id twuonneesumnionia. Ha! lie liil'eiieail and teui|ileil. Hive Syrup.— I'ut one ounce each of squills and lenc-rs Ktiakt -rii.ii into one pint of water; boil d<'Wii to one-half and stiiiiii. 'I'll. 11 Held one half pound of el.iritied hoiit-y eon- l.iiniii- t U( l\e (.'rains tart rati' of iintiiiion\. I)o>e for a child, tell drops to one teaspooiiful, according to age. An eicel- leiit reiiii dy for eroiip. How to Clean the Hair.— From the too frequent u§e ol I'li- ill Ihe liair, iiiai \ l.idicH destroy the tone uiid color ol their tresses. 'I'lie Hindoos have a W'ly of reniedyiug tlii^. 'I'liev take a liaiu lla^iu lilleil with cold water, and ha\e nai' • ••11 (|iiani ity of pea (lour. Thehaii is in the lirs p'l. Aid III the operation of iM'ing waj^hi-d in lold water, a iiandfiil ol ;!<(» pea Hour is tiiei applied to the head and nililied into (i r r for ten minuted ut leu«t, the scrsaiit adili'ij; fresh water at short intervals, until il be- ciiiiies a perfect lather. Thi' whole head id then washitl ipiite cle.n with eopiona (ve stains from wlii'e muslin or linen. Put k-^ than lia!fatcas| nfiil of salt or acid into a tat>les|Hxjnful of wat«r ; wet tin- stain wilii it, and lay it in the sun for an hour; wet it oiu'c or twice with ci,|i| wiiterduriiig thetime: if this doe.s n"t quite remove il, rejicat the acid waiter, and lay it ill (he sun. How to Whiten Hands.— 1. Stir i of a pMind of Ca^ tile snap, and place il in ,i jar iii'iir the tire, pour over it J jiiiit of alcohol: when the soap is dissolved and mixi-•' i\u ami water R'Veral times during the day for two days, or until (he |ia(clie8 are removed, which will usually he in for(y-eiglit hours. After the proeesj wash wi(h some nice (oilet soa)t, ami (he skin will lie !ef( lice, smooth aticl clear of patches. How to Take Care o.' the Nails.— The nails should be kept clean by (he daily use of tin nail brush and soap and water. After wiping Mie hands. bu( while thev iiro still soft from the action of the water, gently push hack (ho skin which is apt to grow over Ihe nails, which will not only jireserve them neatly rounded, but will prc\eiil the skin from cracking around their roots (nail siuings), and becoming sore. Tlie points of the nail should be jiared ut least once a week; biting (hem should be avoideil. How to Cure Hiccough. — A con\ubi\e moti.-m of the diaphragm and parts adjacen(. TIk- common eauws aro flatuency, iiidigesdon, acidity and worms. It may usually l>e removed by the exhibition o| \iarm carminatives, cor- dials, cold water, weak spirits, eamph.ir julep, or spirits of sal volatile. A suddeii fright or surpri.se will oflcn pnx.uco the like e(Tec(. An instance i.'? recorded ofadelicale young hidy that was trouhled with hieeoiigh for sotiii' months, and who was reduced to a stale of extreme dcbililv from (ho loss of sleep occasioiieil (hereby, \vl o was enied by a fright, after medicines and to|iical apiilicat ions had failed. A jiinch of snulT i glass of cold soifawiiter, or un ice-cream, will also frequently reiiicve this coicplaiiit. How to Cure Hoarseness.- .Make a strong (ea oi lior,-e-radish ami yellow dock i'oo(, sweetened witli honey and drink freely. Remedies for Hoarseness.— Take ono Jnu-hm ot freshly siiape 1 horse-radish root, to be infused with lour I'lineo of watci in a close vessel for llirce hours, and mado into u hyriip, with double its (|iiaiility of vinegar, .\ teu- -{MMjiifiil has often proved clTcctiial. How to Cure Humors. — Take ecjuul parts of s:itTron and ^eneca snake rooi, make a strong (cii, drink one lialt- ' jiint a day, and this will drive out all humors from tlio syst4-m. How to Cure Hysterics.— Take the leaves of mother- wort and thoroiiiihwcirt. ;:iiii the bark of pioplar root; equal ]Mtrts. .Mix (hem in molasses, and take four ot' tlicm wiieii the first svmptoms of d'.s irder are ftdt, and they will elb^et- ! ually iheck it. How to Cure Barber's Itch.— Moisten the i>a>-ts affected with saliva (spittlo) and rub it over th' -ouglily ^ C ' as •=g ;i ihcr, when TlIK rAUII.Y PHYHIOIAN. tlir('(> times u duy with tlio iwIioh of u /ooil Kuvuim ci/iir. Tliiit !•< n ciinjile ruiiu'dy, yot it iiaa curi-ii tliu nioBt olmti- nati< r:i-:i'-(. Itch Ointment. -I. Tiilcf iuni, oih' iihuikI ; biu'I, oiu- |Hiiiii(i ; Hiifjiir of Ii'IhI. cifihl nijiici'.s; vt'l'liiilliiiii. two oiiiucs. .Mix. Hc'i'iit with ii little ht rjjmiiot. 2. 'I'like hii-hliiriihi of iiiereiirv, iiiio oiiiiee; hiril, imtt |ioiniii ; Hiiet, one |ioiiii>l ; hvclriM'liJdride uric], one uiid ii half (hiiicih. Melt, Mill! well mix. ami when |ieifeetly eiilil.Htir in (>j^en<(' of li'iMini, fiiMi- iliaehniK; ( .^enre of hi in.imnt, mu' (jraehm. <°<, 'lake iiiiw'ilen.l chlnriile of lime, >i\\t' ounee; liini, one jioiiml, M\:\ Well, then aihl essence of lemmi, two tlraehniH. 4. Take hiehloriile of inereiirv, one part; liinj, lil'ieeii piirtK. Mix well lu;.'ether. i^. 'lake while |iicii|iilati'. one jiarl; lanl, twei\e pails. Mix. \ iicjitioii "f either <'f ihe-e ()intinenlr< must he well iiilihi'd on thu parts iilTeeted, ni;.'hl and inoiriiii;.'. How to Cure Seven-Year Itch.— 1. U«e plenty of eastile snap and water, ami linn apply freely iodide of Kiilplinr oinlinent; or take any j^'iveii (pniiitity of simple snlphiir oiiiiiie'iit and eolur it to a li^'hl hrown or ( lioeolule ( olor with the snhrarliiiiiale of iron, and then perliiino it. Apply this freely, and if the ea.-e Hlniuid he a severe one. adniini.ter ndlci alleiJitives in eunjiiiietinn with the oiil- waril apjiliiMiicin. X'. Tho sulphur hath is a ^rood remedy for ileh or any other kind of hkin diseases. Leprosy (th<' most ol)>linate of all) ha.-i heeri ei)m]iletely eiired hy it, and the eoiiiiiiiin it'll .mil recpiires two or three ajipliial ions Id completely eiiiilieato it from the system. II. n"n;',ine, it is Raid, will elTeet u eciinplite cure for seahies in ilw I'onr.-e of half (ii three ijn.'r'teis of an hour, after whi<'h the patient should lake a v.a'iii hath from twenty to thirty iiiiiiuteB. How to Cure Jaundice.— I. Take the whiter, <.f two heii'.s ei;;^ , heal them np well in a jjill of water; lake of thi.s a. little Very niiunin^r; it will hooii do ^ooil. It also creates an apjiv'tite, and slrenf;;henH the slotnaeh. '.'. Take of hhiek I'iierry-li'ee hark, two ounces; hlond root and ;;old thre:(d, each half I'l' ounce; put in a pint of hrandy. Dose, from u tcu8poonfiil to a tahlesponnfnl morning aiul ni^'hl. How to Cure Stiffened Joints. -Take of the hark of while eak and suiel ap]ile trees, c(pial parts; hoil them down to a thick suli!i !/i/iiiiiitm ylii/i/ti>i(igri(i), or with ii lotion made with the hruised seed in vinegui or with the tinc- ture, or hy riihhing in a salvo imule »viih the scciIb and four times their weight of iard very carefully hcateii together. The acetic solution und tho tincture are the cleanliest and most agreeahle preparations, hut all are eipially etVicaiinus in destroying hoth the creatiirc« and their eggs, and evi'n in relieving the intohrahle ilching which their casual jiresenre leaves liehind on many Bciisi- tivo skins. The alkaloid delphinia may also he eniployei<, hilt possesses no advantage except in the preik"— atinii of iin ointmenl, wlicii fmni any reason that form .t application should lie preferred. Rheumatic Liniment.— Olive oil, spiritH of camiihov and liiloroforni. of each two oiini'es; sassafnw oil, 1 rachin. Add the oil of siusFufras In the olive oil, then the Hpirits of <'U"iphor, and »i|iiike well before putting in tho ohlorofonn ; Hhake wlien uHcd, nml kwfi it eorkcd, hh tlio chhirofiirm evaporates very fast if it is left open. A[iply lliiee or four tinieM daily, riihliing in well, and iilwayH toward llii^ hody. Sore Throat Liniment.— 'inm camphor, two onnceH; cast lie K'lap, sli:i\< d line, uiie drachm; oil nf lurpenliiie and oil of origanum, each one-half ounce; opium, oiie-foiirth of i:n onni i> ; iilcohnl, one iiint. In a week or ten dayn they will lie (it for n.~c. Hatiie the purls freely two or three tinics daily until nlii f i-i nlil.iined. A Wonderful Liniment.— Two ouiicch oil of Hpike, two ounces nriganuiM. twii ounces lienil(>ek, lw» ounced wdrinwdod, four ounces Kwect oil, two ounces spirit of ammonia, Iwn oiinees gnm camphor, two oniiccsHpiritstiir- peiitine. .\dd one ipiavl xt roiiK alcohol. .M:x well together, ami liotlle tight. 'I'his in an uiiefptaled hnrst- liniment, und of tlie hest ever made for huinaii uilmentH viieli ua rhenmali-im. sprains, etc. ' v to Cure Sore Lips.— Wiwli the lijw with u strong tea, ..laile finui the hark nf the white oak. Liver Complaint.— Make a Hirong tea of syrup of hiinhick, wormwnnd and dandelion, eipial parts, and drinlc freclv. Lock Jaw. — It is sahl that the upplir4jtion of wnrtn lye. made of ashes a.s simnj.'uM pos-ihie, to a wounded i)urt, will prevent a locked jaw ; if a font or hand, ininierse in it; if aiinther part of tho WKly, butho with lluiiiiel.s wrung out nf the Warm lye. Mumps. — This tlisease, most common among children, hegins with snrcness and stillness in the side of the neck. Soiiii u swelling of the parotid gland takes place, whit h is painful, and continues to increase for four or tiv(! days, sometimes making it dilVicnit toswallnw, or open tin- mouth. The swelling sometimes comes on one side at a time, hut commonly upon hoth. There is often heat, and soiuelimes fever, witli a dry skin, quick piil.se. furrc and grow Hat, so that it is impossihle they should give you any pain. How to Whiten Nails.— The liest wiish fur whitening the nails is two drachms of diluted seiiihiiric acid, ono drachm of tincture of myrrh, added t i four ounces of spring water; first clean.-ic the liandf, and then ajijily tho w.ish. Sure Cure for Neuralgria.— i. Fill a tight-top thim- hle with cnlion ^..11!, and drep on it ;l few drnp'^ nf ••irnng spirits of hartshorn. The open mouth of the thimhle is then applied over tho seat of pain for a minute or two, until tho skin is hlistered. Tho sk-.i is then rulihcd olT, and upon tli(> denuded siirfuee a sma.. 1. entity of morphia (one-fourth grain) is applied. Thi.; allnnls almost instant relief. A second !ipplication of the ne rp'iia, if reipiired, is ti. he preccilcd hy first riihhing oil Uf new foriimtiou that has sprung np over tho fnrmer hlistered surface. 2. |)r. J. Knox llndrre recommends the follnwingas an a|iplication which will n.lievo facial or any other neuralgia idniost insiantiineously: Albumen of egg, one draiditn; rhigoleiie, four ounces; oil of peppermint, two ounces; colodion and chloroform, each ono ounee. Mix. Agitato occasionally for twentv-four hours, and hy gelafinization al"'autifiil uud seiiii-sofidifleil, o|K)deldo(;-looking compound i^^ I L. ■ji'i ♦ I ■I II i. !■ 5 ' m0 ' 1 I K TIIK rAMII.Y IMITSICIAM. n'Hiil'H, wliicli will retain itM ronaiHtonrynnd ImM the injtrc- ilioiiiH iiitiiiiiitcly l)lt>ii(l<>() fur tnoiitliH. Apnly liy Kinart frii tioii uilli tho imiiil, or >;i COlirMU of tho IKTVC* ill\<>lV('(l. 8. Mix ono iiiid ono-lnilf ilracliiiiH icHlido of potiuth, (If- ti'i'ii ^'riiitiH of (|uiiiiiio iiml on« oiiiico );<"P''' -^vriip, ai.il lu'oaricl II liiklf ouiiroB wiilor. |)omc, u tiklil(>|ii>oiifiil every tlirco liiiiirf*. •I. Of the Stomach.— Tttkr of iliMtiliGd water of cherry l.tiircl, live parlH; iiitirinto of morphia, oMe-teiilh purl. Mi\ and (lissiiUi'. (Mii'dropoii a lu(ii|) of xii^'ar iiiiiiu'di- at(l\ lirripif iiicals. Ointment for Sore Nipples.— Hc water and laiiiiiii. cipial wci^dits, nililied to^^eliicr into an oiiit- iiieiil. is very hi^chly rucoiiiiiieiided fur «oro or cracked nipples. Glycerine Ointment.— Melt to^M-ther Hpermaeeti, two (InK'luii-; » iiiie »a\. uiii'-lijiif drai'hm; oil of Hweet (ilinoiids, two oiiiii'es, and then add ^'l\ri'rine, onu ounee, and stir hri.skiy until cool. An adniiralili' application for ehappeil hands, etc Ointment for Itch.— White jimripi'ato. (Iftocn j;rains; Haltpelrc, iMie-half drarhin; Hour of Kiilplmr, one draehni; .Mix wtdl with lard, two ounces. Long celchratcd for the cure of iii'h. Sulphur Ointment.— Flour of Hulphur, oiglit ounccH; oil III' liri'L.'aniiit iw'i drachms; lard, ono pound. Hub freel; ' iii r uui a dav, for itch. Ointment for Piles. -Tannin, two dradimsi water, two tliiid drachms; triturate to;,'etiier, and add 1,'iid, une and V. half drai'liniH. An cxcelli'Mt application for piles. Ointment for Hemorrhoids.— Sulphate of morpliia. liiir. '^i-iins; e.Mracl of Miainnnia, thirty ^rrains; olive oil, one drachm; carbonate of lend, sixty grains; lard, three dnirliuis. Pains. — 1. Steep iuari|.'old in govcr should he used, but the nnistard mixed with the white of an cug; thn result will be a plaster that will "draw" perfectly, out will not priNluco a idister even upon the skin of uii infant, no matter how long it is alliiwcd til remain upon the part. Bread and Milk Poultice. — Take stale bread in erundis, pour boiling sweet milk, or nnlk and water o\er it, and simmer till soft, stirring it well; then take it from the lire, and gradually stir in a lillU- glycerine or sweet oil, sons to retalcr tlu! poultice pliable when applied. Linseed Poultice. —Take of lin-eid, nowdered, four ounces; hill water sullicient, mix and si ir Well uitli aspooii, until of snitaiiliM-onsistence. A littie e Hineared jiver tho surface an wdl, to prevent its gelling hard. A very e.xcellent poidtice, suitable for many purposes. Spice Poultice. — Powdered einnunion, cloves and Cay- enne pep|icr, of each two ouiu'es; rye meal, or Hour, spirits and honey, of each sullicient to make of suitable con- sistence. Quinsy. — This is an inflanunntion of the tonsils, or coin- iniiii inllammatory sore throat; commences with ii slight feverish attack, with consideralile pain and swelling of the tonsils, causing sonuulillicidty in swallowing; usthe attack advances these symptoms become moie intense, there is headache, thirst, a painful scnsi :if tension, and acute dart- ing pains in tho ears. The attack is gciu'rally brought on by exposure to cold, and lasts from live to seven days, « hen it subsides luiturally. or an abscess may fiuiu in tonsils ami burst, or the tonsil may rcnniin enlarged, the inllammalion subsiding. TiiiArMKNT. — Tho patient should renniin in a narm room, the diet childly milk ami good broths, some 'ooling laxative and diaiduirclic nicdiiiiie maybegnen; ..'t the greatest relief will be fmind in the freipii nt inhalatio.' of the steam of Iml water through an inhaler, or in thcoli'.- fasliiiiiied way, tlnuiigh the sp'Hit of a teapot. Other Remedies for Rheumatism.— I. Hathetho parts alTected with water in which potatoes have been boiled, as hot as can bo borne, just before going to bed; by morning it will be much relieved, if not removed. One application of tlii- .>-im[do remedy has cured the most (d)sti- nate of rheuniatie pains, 2. ifalf an ounce of pulveri/ed salljietre j)ut in half a pint of sweet oil; bathe llie|iarts alTectetl, and a sound cure will be speedily etfectcd. U. Hheumatism has freipientiv been cured by a persisicnt use of lemon juice, either undiluted or in the form of lemon- »de. Suck half a lemon every morning befort* breakfast, and occasiiiiially during the day, and jiarlake of lemonade when thirsty in ju'cference to any other drink. If severely alllicted a jdiysician should be (U)nsnlted, but, in all cases, lemon juice will hasten tho cure. -l. Ky the valerian bath, iiiadi* simply by taking one pound bath. If the iidlammat inn rcnaiin refrac- tory in any of the joints, linseed meal poultices should be made with a strong decoction of \alcruiii root and ap|diod. How to Cure Ring'-Worm.— To om- part sulphuric acid, add sixteen to twcntv parts water. I'se a brush and feather, and aijjily it to tlm j)art8 night and morning. A few dressings will generally cure. If tlie solution is too kf:j^i THR rAMII.T HIIYHICIAN. ttrtmn iind oauiioi pnin, dilute it with watnr, and if the irri- tation ill (>x<'t)i«ttiv(<. mil on ii littUt oil or uth(>r Hoftcning aji- I>li(!Ution, l>iit iilwiiYx avoid tlitt iiHit of Hoap. Or, wiixli tliti lii'iid witli Hoft Hoaii cvitv iiioriiiiiK. and apply tliu followin)/ lutinii cvi'ry ni^lit : One half drachm of Huli-cui'lMinatu of Hodii diHHoivcd in out' ^iH of vinrgar. Healings Salve. Swtct oil, thrco rpiartH; rcHin, thrur ounocM; liccHwax, tlirco (iiincoc Melt toffcithor; thi-n add |K)wdi'n'd ri'tl h'ud, Iwii poiindH; lioat all tlicHo to^ctlu'r and when nearly cold add a piouo of camphor as largo an u nut- nipg. (iood for liiirnH, etc. Salt Rheum. I. Make a strong tea of elm root hark; drink the ten freely, ami wanh the atTeeled part in the Mime. 'Z. 'I'like ono ounce of liliie (lag root, Hteep it in h.'dfapint of gin; taku a teiiKiiooiifiil three titneM a day, niiirning, noon and night, and wauli with the mtmo. 'A. Take one ounee of oil of tar, one draehin of oil of eheokei herry; mix. 'i'like from live to twenty dropn morning anil night as the Hlomai'h vtiil hear. Bleedingf of the Stomach.— Take a teuMpoonfiil of canioniile teaevtury ten minuleH nntil the hieetling HtopH. Slokness of Stomach.— Drink three or four timeH a day of the Hteep iiiudii from the hark of white poplar lootH. Sunburn and Tan.— I. Take two draehnm "f horax. one draelim of Konian alum, c.ie dniehm of cam lior, half an ounc'u of Hiigar i aiidy, and a pound of ox-gall. Mix, and Htir well for ten minuteN t ho, and repeat tluM hI iriug three 'ir four timert a day for a fortnight, till it appearH clear and transpannt. Strain Ihroii^'h hlottin^' paper, anoonfiil in catnip tea every few minutes, till a hwciii jm prmiiiced. Teething*. — Yonng children vvhiixt cutting their first set of led ii often hiilTer Kcvere i uiiMlitnt ional diHiiirhance. At tirst there is rc.slleHKnc,->j and pi'c\ inhneHH, »ilh slight fever, hilt not >infi'ci|uently tlicKe are followed l>v convul- sive titH, a-< they are coinuioi.!\ called, whicli depends on the hrain liei'oniiri<; irritated: nod Homelinirs uiuler this condition the chili' iseiili< rent otTsiiddciilv, or the founda- tion of wrious mi- lief to (lie lirain is laid. Tiio remedy, or riiMur thosafeguinl, against lliesefi ighlfiil cniise(|uences is trilling, wafe, and almost ceri;iiii, and consists merely in lancing the gum ro\eriiig the tooth vt liich ^ making its making its way through. When teething is , out it may hi! known by the spittle constantly iliiveliiu from the mouth anil vvetling tiiu froi k. Tlio (diild has its lingers in its mouth, and hitcs hard any snlistance it can get hold oT. If the gums ho carefully I'Mikcd at, the imrt where the tooth is pressing lip is Hwolleii and redil. r lli.iii usual; aid if the finger he pressed on it tlie cliiM Hliiiiiks n' d cries, hhowing that the gum is tender. When these HVHiptonm occur, the j'f.iu should he lanced, ind sometinu's the tooth comes through the next day, if in ar t 'le surface; hut if not so far advanced tlio cut heals and a si ,>, forsiis, which is thought by Home objeiilionahlc, as rendering the passago of the tooth more ditlicult. 'I'his, however, isuninie, for the scar will givo way nnich more ciiHily than the uncut gum. If tlio tooth does not como through after two or three days, the lancing may bo repeated; ai I this is more especially needed if tne onild ho very fractn is, and seems in much pain. liHncing the g\\mn is further advantngeoiu, t)oeauM) It emptieN the inllamed ]>art of its IiIimhI, and so relieviM the pain and inflamnuttion. The relief rhildtcii experience in the course of two etli). will be removed. It is a ((r(*at mistake to use hard tootli-bniHlu ', or to brush the teeth until the gums ble*«l. Tetter. — After a slight feverish attack, lasting two or three days, clusters of Hinall, transparent pimples, tilled some- times with a colorless, sometimeH with a brownish lymph, appear on the idieeks or forehead, or ou thu cxtrcmituiH, and at times on the Ixsly. The iiimples are about the si/e of a |M'a, luid break after a few (lavs, when a brown or yel- low crust is formed over them, wliiidi falls olT aliout the tenth day, leaving the skin red and irritable. The erup- tion is attended wiih heat; itching, tingling, fever, and restlessness, especiiillv at night. Hingworm is li curious form of tett< r. in which the inflamed patches lutsiime tho form of a i : _■. TUKATUKST — .Should consist of light diet, and gentle laxatives. If the patient be advanced in life, and feeble, a tonio will be desirable. For a wesh, white vitriol, I driu:hm; rose-water, bounces, mixed; or an ointment made of alder-llower ointment, I ounce; oxide of zinc, 1 drachm. To Remove Tan. inn may be removed fnuii th" fine by mixing magnesia in soft water to the consistency of ]iaste, whicii should then be sprc:id on the face and allowed to remain a minute or two. Then wash oil with Castile soap Hiiils, and rinse with soft water. Care of the Teeth. — The mouth Ims a temperature of Its degrees, wanner than i- ever ex|M'rienced in tho shade in tho latitmlo of New I' ind. It is well known that if beef, for c\amph>, be ■ \posed in the shade during tho warmest of our Hiimmer davs, it will very hikui decompose. If we eat beef for dinner, the particles invaiiably fiml their way into thespaces lielvveeM the teelli. Now, ii' these par- ticles of beef are not removed, they v»'ill fretter. Closing the lips, with a motion familiar to uU, eviiything tnay be thoroughly rinsed from the mouth. Kvery moniing (on rising), and every evening (ou going to bed), tho tooth-brush should ho used, and the teeth, both out i do and inside, thoroughly bruslu'd. Much l;as been said pro and com., npon the use of soap with tho tooth-brush. My own experience and the A^ »o. IMAGE EVALUATION TEST TAJ^GET (MT.3) ^^ // A v^ J^? ^ A / r/i ^"^. 1.0 ^»tt iisi I.I M 2.2 IL25 III 1.4 1.6 Photographic Sciences Corporation ^ ^ #^ V :\ \ 23 WEST MAIN STREET WEBSTER, N.Y. 14580 (716) 872-4S03 6^ ,A..vttt^>iacM»BrSfei«ili**'i«S,i.^. lii I THK PA.M1I.T I'lIYSICIAN. ux])ori('ii(o of members of my fiimily is liij;hly fuvorable to the rr^^'iihir niornijitj ;iiioth aches from sympathy of the nerves of the f'ai'c with other nerves. But when toothache pro- ceeds from a decayed tooth cither have it taken out, or put hot fomentations upon the face, and hot ''rinks into the moutii, such as tim^ture of cayenne. To Cure Warts. — Warts are formed by the small arte- ries, vciuf, and nerves luiiieil together, taking on a dispo- sition to grow by extending themselves upward, carrying the scarf-skin along with them, which, thickening, forms a wart. Corns are a similar growth, brought about by the friction of tight boots and shoes. 1, Take a piece of dia- chylon ])laster, cut a hole in the centre the size of the wart, and stick it on, the wart ])rotruding through. Then touch it daily with aquafortis, or nitrate of silver. They may be removed by tying a string tightly around them. 2. 1'ake a blacksmith's jiunch, heat it red hot aiui burn the warts with tlie end of it. When the burn gets well tl.'O warts will bo gone forever. 3, Scrape down enough dry cobwebs to make a ball large enough to. or a little more than, cover the wart and not touch the flesh around the same; lay it on top of tiio wart, ignite it and let it 'w until it is all burnt up. The wart will turn white, and in a fewdayscome out. 4. Pass a pin through the wart; apply one end of the ])in to the llamo of a la»ip; hold it there until the wart fries idir tiie action of the heat. A wart so treated will leave. Dissolve as much common washing soda us the water will take up; wash the warts with this for a minute or two, and li't theindry without wiping. K.ep the waterin a bot- tle "id repeat tiie washing often, and it will take away the lar"est warts, fl. They may be cureil surely by i)aring them down until the blood comcsslightly and then riibl)ii;g them with lunar caustic. It is needless to say this hurts a Utile, but it is a sure cure. The hydroehlorateof limeaj)]ilicd in the same way will cure after several applications and sumc patience; so will strong good vinegar, and so it is said will milk weed. The cures founded upon superstitious prac- tices, such as muttering some phrases over the excrescence, stealing a piece of beef, rubbing the wart therewith and then burying it under the leaves to await its decay, etc., etc., are all the remnants of a past state of ignorance and are of no use whatever. Warts are generally only tempo- rary and disappear as their possessors grow up. How to Cure White Swelling-.— Draw a blister on the inside of the leg below the knee; keep it running with oint- ment made of hen manure, by simmering it in hog's lard with onions; rub the knee with the following kind of oint- ment: Bits of peppermint, oil of sassafras, checkerbcrry, juniper, one driichm each; simmer in one-half pint neats- foot oil, and rub on the knee three times a day. How to Cure Wounds. — Catnip steeped, mixed with fresh butter and sugar. How to Cure Whooping-Cough.— Take a quart of spring water, put in it a large handful of chin-cups that grow upon moss, a large handful of unset hyssop; boil it to a pint, strain it off, and sweeten it with sugar-candy. Let the child, as often as it coughs, take two spoonfuls at a time. How to Cure Worms in Children.— i. Take one ounce of powdered snake-head (herb), and one drachm each of aloes and prickly ash bark; powder these, and to one- half teaspoonful of this powder add a teaspoonful of boiling water and a teaspoonful of molasses. Take this as a dose, night or morning, more or less, as the symptoms may re- quire. 2. Take tobacco leaves, pound them up with honey, and lay them on the belly of the child or grown person, at the same time administering a dose of some good physic. 3. Take garden parsley, make it into a tea and let the pa- tient drink freely of it. 4. Take the scales that will fall around the blacksmith's anvil, powder them fine, and put them in sweetened rum. Shake when you take them, and give a teaspoonful three times a day. Scalding of the Urine. — Equal parts of the oil of red cedar, and the ofl of spearmint. Urinary Obstructions.— Steep pumpkin seeds in gin, and drink about three glasses a day; or, administer half a drachm uva nrsi every morning, and a dose of spearmint. Free Passage of Urine,— The leaves of the currant bush made into a tea, and taken as a common drink. Venereal Complaints.— Equal parts of the oil of red cedar, combined with sarsaparilla, yellow dock and burdock made into a syrup; add to a pint of this syrup an ounce of gum guiaicum. Dose, from a tablcspoonful to a wine-glass, as best you can hear. How to Cure Sore Throat. — "One who has tried it" communicates the following sensible item about curing sore throat: lict each one of your half million readers buy at any drug store one ounce of camphorated oil and five cents' worth of chloride of potash. Whenever any soreness ap- pears in the throat, put the pota-sh in half a tumbler of water, and with it gargle the throat thoroughly; then rub the neck thoroughly with the camphorated oil at • jlit be- fore going to bed, and also pin around the throat a small strip of woolen flanDel. This is a simple, cheap and sure remedy. I WfJ c» I HOUSEHOLD RBCIPm. S HOUSEHOLD RECIPES ^^4i^^4^- MISCELLANEOUS. Axle Grease. — l. Water, l f Jlor; ,5o(la. \ ])i.iriu!; jiii!iii oil, lu iiDiiiids. Mix liy lieiit, and s^tir til! lu'iiriy cold. I. Water, raiie oil, of each 1 piiii.ii: sJciiu, ^ ijoiiiid ; palm oil, 4 jiouihI. 3. Water, I tjalloli ; t;dlo«-, 3 pounds ; jialinoil, '1 iiouiids ; soda, \ pound. Heat to-Jlo de|_'. Falirenlieit and slir until cool. 4. Tallow, s ]ioii!id.!: palm oil, 10 pounds; plumbago, 1 pound. .Makes a good liilirieator for wagon axles. How to Shell Beans Easy.— Pom- upon tlu; pods a quantity of .scaldin;,^ water, and the iieiins will slip very easily from the j>od. Jiy jxiuring scalding water on ajiples the skill may he ca.sily slipped olT, and luueh labor saveil. How to Clean Bed-Ticks.— Apply Poland starch, by rubbing it on thick with ii cloth. Place it in the sun. When dry, rub it if necessary. The soiled part will be clean as new. How to Wash Carpets. — Shake and beat it well ; lay it upon the door and tack it firmly; then with a clean flan- nel wash it over with a quart of bullock's gall nii.xed with three quarts of soft, cold water, and rub it off with a clean flannel or house-cloth. Any particular dirty spot should be rubbed with j)ure gall. How to Clean Carpets. — Before proceeding to sweep a carpet a few handfuls of waste tea-leaves should be sprinkled over it. A stilf hair broom or brush should be employed, unless the carpet is very dirty, when a whisk or carpet-broom should bo used, first followed by another made of hair, to take oS the loose dust. The frequent use of a stiff carpet-broom soon wears off the beauty of the best carpet. An ordinary clothes brush is best adapted for su- perior carpets. When carpets are Tery dirty they should be cleaned by shaking and beating. Beat it well with a stick in the usual manner until all the dust is removed, then take out the stains, if any, with lemon or sorrel-juice. When thoroughly dry rub it all over with the crumb of a hot wheaten loaf, and if the weather is very tine, let hang out in the open air for a night or two. This treatment will revive the colors, and make the carpet appear equal to new. How to Remove Spots on Carpets.— A few drops of carbonate of ammonia, and a small quantity of warm rain water, will prove a safe and easy antacid," etc., and will change, if carefully applied, discolored spots upon carpets, and indeed, all spots, whether produced by acids or alka- lies, if one has the misfortune to have a carpet injured by whitewash, this will immediately restore it. How to Remove Ink Spots on Carpets. — As soon as the ink has been spilled, taKe up as nnicli as you can with a sponge, and then poui on cold water repeatedly, still taking up tlie liquid ; next rub the place with a little wet oxalic acid or salt of sorrel, and wash it off immediately with colli water, and then rub on some hartshorn. Cleaning* and Scouring^ of Cloth.— The rommon method (jf eleaning cloth is iiy lieating and bi'ushing, un- less when very dirty, when it undergoes the operation of scouring. This is best done on the snnill scale, as for articles of woarit^g apparel, etc , by dissolviiiur ouni'es of logwood in your copper, or tjoiler, for lialf an hour; dip your coat in warm water, and squeeze it as dry as you can ; then put it into the copper and boil it for half an hour. Take it out, and add ajMcce of green copiioras, .ibout the size of a horse-bean ; boil it another Jalf hour, then draw it, and hang it in the air for an hour « .• two ; take it down, riuso it in two or three cold waters ; dry it, and let it bo ^ I! N well brushed with a soft brush, over which a drop or two of the oil of olives has been rubbed, then stroke your coatreg- ulurly over. How to Restore Crape. — Skimmed milk and water, with ii little bit of ghio in it, made scalding hot, is excel- lent to restore rusty Itiiliiin crape. If clapped and pulled dry like muslin, it will look as good as now; or, brush the veil till iill the dust is removed, then fold it lengthwise, and riill it smoothly and tightly on a roller. Steam it till it is thoroughly dampened, and dry on the roller. How to Cleanse Feather Beds.— When feather beds become shIIimI ami lu'Mvy tlu'y may be made clean and light by lieitig treated in tlio following manner : Rub them over with a still brush, (lipiK'd in hot soap-suds. When clean lay them on a shed, or any other clean place where the rain will fall on them. When th(iroughly soaked let them dry in a hut sim hir six or seven successive days, shaking them up well and tniiiing them over each day. They should be covered over wilh a (hick cloth during tlio niglit ; if ex- posed to tho night air they will become damp and mildew. This way of washing the bed-ticking and fcathei's makes them Very frcn tho long strip of fat underlying it, leaving al»nit one inch of fat covering the spinal column. Tlie leaf lard, if not before taken out for the housewife's convenience, is removed, as is also the tenderloin — a fishy- shaped piece of flesh — often used for sausage, but which makes delicious steak. TIic middling or sides are now cut out. leaving the shoulders s(|uaro-shaped and the hams Tsointed, or they may be rounded to your taijte. The spare- ■ibs are usually wholly removed from the sides, with but little meat adhering. It is the sides of small, young hogs cured as hams that hear the name of breakfast bacon. The sausago meat conies chielly in strips from the back- bone, jiart of which may also bo used as steak. The lean trinuniiigs from about til Joints are used for sausage, the fat scraps rendered up with the backbone lard. Tho thick jiart of the batkbiiio that lies between the slioulders, called griskin or ihine, is se]);'.rated from the tapering, bony part, called baiklionc by way of distinction, and used as flesh. The chiiK s are smoked with jowls, and and ii.:cd in lato winter or sjiring. Whi'ii yoiir meat is to be pickled it should be dusted lightly with saltpetre sprinkled with salt, and allowed to drain twenty-four hours; then plunge it into pickle, and keep under with a weight. It is good jiolicy to jiickle a ])ortion of the sides. They, after soaking, are sweeter to cook with vegetables, and the grease fried from them is much nun-o u.seful than that of smoked meat. If your meat is to be dry salted, allow one teasiioonful of pulverized saltpetre to one gallon of salt, and keep the mixture warm beside you. Put on a hog's ear as a mitten, and rub each piece of meat thoroughly. Then pack skin side down, ham upon ham, side upon aide, strewing on salt abundantly. It is best to put large and small pieces in different boxes for tho convenience oi: getting at them to hang up at the different times they will come into readi- ness. The weather has eo much »o do with the time that meat requires to take salt that no particular time can be specified for leaving it in. Tho best test is to try a medium-sized ham ; if salt enor.gh, all similar and smaller pieces are surely ready, and it is well to remember that tlie saltness increases in drying. Ribs ami steaks should be kept in a cold, dark place, without salting, until ready for use. If you have many, or the weather is warm, they keep better in pickle than dry salt. Many persons turn ancl rub their meat frequently. We have never practiced this, and have never lost any. When tlie meat is ready for smoking, dip the hocks of the loints in ground black pepper and dust tlie raw surface thickly with it. Sacks, after this treatment, may be used for double security, and I think bacon high and dry is sweeter than packed in any substance. For sugar-cured hams wo append the best recipe we have ever used, though troublesome. English Recipe for Sugar-Curing Hams. — So soonastne meat comes from the butcher's hand rub it thoroughly with the salt. Repeat this four days, keeping the meat where it can drain. The fourth day rub it with saltpetre and a handful of common salt, allowing one pound of saltpetre to seventy pounds of meat. Now mix one pound of brown sugar and one of molasses, rub over the ham every day for a fortnight, and then smoke with hickory chips or cobs. Hams shouhl bo hung highest in meat-houses, because there they are t. liable to the attacks of insects, for insects do not so much infest liigh places-^unlike human pests. Pickle. — Make eight gallons of brine strong enough to float an egg ; add two pounds of brown sugar or a quart of molasses, and four ounces of saltpetre ; boiland skim clean, and pour cold on your meat. Meat intended for smoking should remain in pickle about four weeks. This pickle can be boiled over, and with a fresh cup of sugar and salt used all summer. Some persons use as much soda as saltpetre. It will correct acidity, but we think impairs the meat. Washing Preparation.— Take a i of a pound of soap, a i of a pound of soda, and a ^ of a pound of quicklime. Cut up the soap and dissolve it in 1 quart of boiling water ; pour 1 quart of boiling water over the soda, and 3 quarts of boiling water upon the quicklime. The lime must bo quick and fresh ; if it is good it will bubble up on pouring the liot water upon it. Each must be prepared in separate vessels. The lime must settle so as to leave the water on tho top perfectly clear ; then strain it carefully (not dis- turbing the settlings) into the washboiler with tho soda and soap ; let it scald long enough to dissolve tho soap, then add 6 gallons of soap water. The clothes must be put to soak over night, after nibbing soap upon the dirtiest parts of them. After having tho above in readiness, wring out the clothes wliieh have been put in soak, jmt them on to boil, and let i ■.'h lot boil half an hour ; the same water will answer for tho whole washing. After boiling each lot half an hour drain them from the boiling water put them in a tub and pour upon them two or three pailsful of clear, hot water ; after this they will want very little rubbing ; then rinso through two waters, blueing the last. When dried they will be a beautiful white. After washing the cleanest part of tho white clothes, take two pails of the suds in which they have been washed, put it over the fire and scald, and this will wash all the ilannelsand colored clothes withont any extra soap. The white flannels, after beiiislro}-e a niosi efficient poison for mice. 3. Any one desirous of keeping seeds from the depre- dations of mice can do .so by mixing pieces oi' cani|ihor gum in with the .seeds. Camphor ])laced in d-,:u-ers or trunks will ]ire\ cut mice from doing them injury. The little animal oiijects to the odor and keeps a good distance from it. lie will seek food else .'.here. 4 (lather all kinils ^ mint and .>eatter about your .shi , arid they will forsake tlie [uvmises. How to Drive Away Mosquitoos.— 1. A camphor bag hung up in an open easenient will jjrovo an elfeetnal barrier to llieir entrance. Camphorated spirit.'a applied as perfume lO the face and hand.s will prove an eflectnal preventive; hut when bitten by them, aromatic vinegar is the best antidote. 2. A siiiull amount of oil of pennyroyal sprinkled around the room will drive away tlic mosqnitoes. This is ail excellent recijie. Take of gum camphor a piece about iialf tho sizo of Ru egg, and evaporate it by placing it in a tin vessel and ^ holding it over a lamp or candle, taking care that it does not ignite. The smoke will soon till the room and expel the mos(|uitoes. How to Preserve Clothing- from Moths.~i. I'ro- cure siia\ iugs of cedur wood and cihIo-c in muslin liags, which sliould be distribule(l Irecly iinuuig clothes. 2. I'roeure .shavings of eampbor wood, and enclose in hags. H, Iipi'iiikl(! pimeiiio (allspice) berries ainoiig the clot lies. 4, Spririklc tlie clot lies »''tli tbes-eedsof Ibc musk |ilaiil. ."i. An ounce of gum campliorand one ot'tlie ]iowdered sbc!i (d'red pepjier are macerated in eight ounces of strong alcolud for seve'.al days, tben strained. With ibis tiiuitnre (be fiir.s or cloths arc sprinkled over, and rolled u)) in sheets. (>. Carefully sbake and brush woolens early in the .spring, so as to be certain that no eggs ai'e in them; then sew them up in cotton or linen wrapjiers, putting a piece of camphor gum, tied uj) in e bit of muslin, itito each bundle, or into the chests and closets wliere the iirti<'les are to lie. No moth will appida(di wdiilt^ the smell of the camphor continues. \Vbcn tie* gnin is evaporated, it niuBt bo renewed. Knclose them in a moth-proof box witb cam- phor, no matter whether made of white paper cr white pine, before any eggs are laid on them by early spring moths. The notion of having a trunk made of some par- ticular kind of wood for this ])nrpose, is nonsense. Furs or woolens, put away in spring time, before motli eggs are laid, into boxes, trunks, drawers, or closets even, where motiis cannot enter, will be safe ficuu the ravages of moth- worms, provided none were in them that were h.id late in the autumn, ftu' they are not of .S])ontaneon8 production. How to Kill Moths in Carpets.— Wring a coarse crash towel out of clear water, s[(iead it smoothly on the carpet, iron it dry with a good hot iron, repeating the operation on all parts of the carpet suspected of being infected with moths. IVo need to press hard, and neither the pile nor color of the carpet will be injured, and the moths will be destr.'iyed l;y the heat and slcani- How to Destroy Rats. — 1. When a honse is invested with rats wbieb refuse to he caught by cneese and other baits, a r\ >v diops of the highly-scented oil of rhodium ponied on the iiotiom of the cage will be an attraction which they caiiiiot refuse. '2. I'lace on the floor near wliere 1l;i-ir holes are sui>posed to be a thin layer of moist I'aiisti',! |iotash. When tlie rats tn;vcl on tliis, it will ean.se tiieir ieel to become sore, wbicii tluy li(^k, and tlieir foiigncs l.'oc'uue likewise sore, Tju. consc(|uence is, i hat tbey shu:i (bis iocalitv, and seem to inforin all tbe neigh- boring rats about it, and the result is tbat they .soon abtin- don ii house that lias sindi mean lloors. 3. Cut some corks i;m thin a.s wafers, and fry, roast, or stew them in grease, ;ind i)iace the same in their track; or a dried sp(uige fried oiuipped in molasses or honey, with a small (|U;iiitity of bird lime or oil of rhodinm. will fa.sten to their fur and (■aii.^'o them to , and mix with oiio : )ouiid of stipt or tallow, place a portion of this within thuir i lok's and ah.iiit thoir liiiiintr!. It. is ^tcimHIv utiten, pro- I diit'i'ri jtrriMt thirst, and death fii.sncs aft'T drinking. This is a very clIi'ctMa! ]ioirion, liccausc it is hotli tasteless and otlorless. U). Take one ounce of tliK'ly powdereil ai'senic, one ounce of lard; luix these into a paste with meal, put it about the haunts of rats. Tlicy will eat of it greedily. 11. JIake a paste of one ounce of tlour, one-half gill of wat(n', one drachm of phosphorus, and onc^ ouiu'c of Hour. Or, one ounce of Hoar, two ounces of jiowdered cheese eruiuhs, and one-half drachm of phosphorus; (uhl to each of these mixtures a few dro])s of the oil of rhodium, and spread this on thin pieces of bread like butter; the rats will eat of this greedily, and it is a sure poison. 1',*. Mix some ground phister of j-aris with some sugar and Indian meal. Set it about on ]ilate s, and leave beside each plate a saucer of -wa- ter. When the rats have eaten the mixture they will drink the water and die. To attract them toward it, you may sprinkle on the edges of the plates a little of the oil of rho- dium. Another method of getting rid of rats is, to strew pounded potash on their holes. Tiie potash gets into their coats and irritates the skin, and the rats desert tlio place. Vii. The 1 Hitch methfxl: thi.-« is «iicl to I)e uwd f!ne(;essfully in Holland; wo ha>v on till one strong rat is left. When this im-- hun fi'.i-u the hist rcmftius ot any of the oti'eis, it is set h",-sv: ilie u< inc.l has now ac- (jtiired such a taste for rat-tU-li that la- is liie terror of rat- (loui, going round seeking what rat lie may iievour. In an incredibly short time the prenii.«-s are abandon icd by all other rats, which will not conie back Wfore the cannibal rat has left or has died. 14. Catch a rat and smear hiia over with a mixture of ])liosphi>ni.s and lanl. and then let liim loose. The house will soon be emptied of the.tm pests. Vermin, in Water.— 0» to the river or pond, and with a small net (a piece of old nn>squ!to bar will do) collect a dozen or more of the small fi*hes known i(s minnows, and jiut them in your cist.-ni. and in a slif»rt time you will luive clear water, tiie wiggle-tails and reddish-eolored bugs or lice being gobbleil iii> by t!ie Sshes. ;syKai^s!i!gajj^ai«aiigagaaKaKaa.?snaMfe;siMs^^ ACCIDENTS AND INJURIES s^nsriD Eco^u^ to 3veeet tietttm: . . As accidents are constantly liable to occur, the imj)ort- anee of knowing how best to meet the various emergencies that may aiise can hardly be over-estimated. In all cases, and under all circumstances, the best help to assist a party in this trying moment in presence of mind. Harvest Bug" Bites. — The best remedy is the use of benzine, which immeiliately kills the insect, A small drop of tincture of iodine has the same etTect. Bites and Stings of Insects.— Such as bees, wasps, hornets, etc., although geiuMally painful, and ofttimes causing much disturbance, yet are rarely atteiuled with fatal results. The pain and swelling may generally be promptly arrested by bathing freely with a strong solution of er|ual parts of common salt and baking soda, in warm water; or by the aitplieation of spirits of hartshorn; or of volatile liniment (one part of spirits of hart.shorn aiul two of olive oil). In the absence of the other articles, warm oil may be used; or, if this is not at hand, apply a paste made from fresh day-earth. If the sting of the insect is left in the wound, as is frequently the case, it should always be extracted. If tliero is faintness, give sonm stimiilant: as, a tablesjioonful or two of lu'andy and water, or brandy and auinionia. Mad Dog" Bites. — 1. Take immediately warm vinegar or tepid water; wash the wound clean therewith and tlien dry it; pour upon the wound, then, ton or twelve drops of miiriatic acid. ^Imeral acids destroy the poison of t'.e saliva, by which means tlio evil elfec^ts of the hitter are iieutraHxed. "v*. .Mutiy think that the only sure preventive of evil following tiie bite (>f a rabid dog '.s to suck the wound inuncdiately, before tiic iwisoii has '.lad time to cir- culale with tlic blood. If the person bit cannot get to the wound to suck it, he must persuade or )»ay another to do it for him. There is no fear of any harm following this. for the poison entering by the stomaich cannot hnrt a per- son. A spoonful of the poison might be swallowed with impunity, but the person who sneks the place should have no wound on the lip or tongue, or it might (>e dangerous. The precaution alluded to is a most important one, and should never be omitted j>ri>>r to an excision ami the appli- cation of lunar caustic in every pirt, especially the intei'ior and deei)-scated portions. Xo injury need be anticipated if this treatnietit is adopted promptly and effectively. The poison of hydrophobia remains latent on an average six weeks; the part heals over, bnt there is a pimjile or wound, more or less irritable: it then l? |H>i.-=<^t!i inserted by the stings and bites of many venomous reptiles is so rajadly absorbed, and of so fatal a description, as frHjUeiitly to occasion Icath before ;iny remedy or antidote can be applied; and they :\re rendered yet more danger>>ns from tije fact tluit these wounds are iiitlicted in p:trt.i of the country and world where jn-ecautionary meiunrie^s fare seldoi;i tiiought of, and gciu'rally at times when pi-«->ple are least p.i'ej.ared to meet them, 1. Iti absence of ai:y reme>ve iu Mad I>og Bite.s — viz., to wa.sh olf the place immetiiatelT; if po.ssiljle get the mouth a- to the spot, and forcibly snek out all the poison, first apply- (J ing a ligature above the woand as tightly us can bo borne. 2. A remedy promulgated by t!ie SihitJisonian Institute i.5 1 I i I ! ■! hi ! I| 'i I ACCIDKNTS AND INJl'UIES. to tuko 30 grs. ioilido jiotiissiimi, 3(1 j;rs. iddiiic, 1 oz. wut(ir, to ho a[ii)li('(l I'xtpniully to tlio wound liv satunitiiij^ lint or Itiiitiiii,' — tlio wiiiio to lio kept moist wltli the unli- doto until tiiu cnro 1)0 cITcctt'd, wliicli will Iju in onc^ Imur, and HonictiiucH instantly. 3. An An.straliaii physician lias tried anil riM'oinnicndH I'arholio ai'id, dihilcd and adniinis- tcriMl internally evory few niinntcs until recovery is cerlain. 4. Another Australian |ihysician, i'rofessor llall'ord, of Melhourno University, has diseovered that if ii jiroper uii'.D'.'.nt of dilute ammonia ho injected into tho eireulalion of u patit^nt HulTerinfj from snakehito, the curative elfect is usually sudden and startliiip:, so that, in many cases, men hav(! thus heeii hroiif,'ht hack, at) it were, by magic, from I lie very shadow of death. Bleeding at the Nose. — 1. Roll up a piece of paper, and press it under the upper lip. 2. In obstinate cases blow a little fjuni Arabic np tho nostrils through ii quill, whieli will immediately stop tho discharge; j)owdered alum is also good. 3. Pressure by tho linger over tho small artery near the ala (wing) of the nose, on tho side where the blood is ilowing, ia said to arrest tho hemorrhage immediately. Bleeding* from the Lungs.— A Now York physician lias relateil a casein which inhalation of very dry persul- phate of iron, reduced to a ])alpablo powder, entirely arrested bleeding from the lungs, after all tho usual reme- dies, lead, onium, etc., hud failed. A small quantity was administered by drawing into the lungs every hour during part of tho iiiglit and following day. Bleeding from the Bowels.— Tho most common cause of this, whoii not a complieatii>u of some disease, is hemorrhoids or piles. Should serious hemorrhage occur, roat and quiet, and cold water poured slowly over tho lower portion of the belly, or cloths wet with cold water, or better, with ice water applied over tho belly and thighs, and to the lower end of tlie bowels, will ordinarily arrest it. In somo cases it may bo necessary to uso injections of cold water, or even put small pieces of ico in the rectum. Bleeding from the Mouth.— This is generally caused by somo injury to tho cheeks, gums or tongue, but it some- times occurs without any direct cause of this kind, and no small alarm nuiy be caused by mistaking it for bleeding from the lungs. Except when an artery of some size is injured, bleeding from tho mouth can generally bo con- trolled by gargling and washing the mouth with cold water, salt and water, or alum and water, or some persulphate of iron may be applied to the bleeding surface. Sometimes obstinate or even alarming bleeding may follow tho pulling of a tooth. Tho best remedy for this is to plug the cavity with lint or cotton wet with the solution of persulphate of iron, and ajiply a compress which may be kept in place by closing the teeth on it. Bleeding from the Stomach.— FowjjViw^; Mood.— Hemorrhage from tho stomach is seldom so serious as to endanger life; but as it may bo a symptom of somo dan- gerous affection, it is always best to consult a physician concerning it. In the meantime, as in all other varieties of hemorrhage, perfect quiet should be preserved. A little B*lt, or vinegar, or lemon juice, should bo taken at intervals, in a small glass of fresh cool water, or ice-water, as ice may be swallowed in small pieces, and cloths wet with ice- water, or pounded ico applied over the stomach. Bleeding from Varicose Veins.— Serious and even fatal hemorrhage may occur from the bursting of a largo varicose or "broken" vein. Should such an accident occur, tho bleeding may be best controlled, until proper medical aid can m procured, by a tight bandage; or a "stick tourniquet," remembering that the blood comes toward the heart in the veins, and from it in the arteries. The best thing to prevent the ruptureof varicose or liroki a veins is to siipjiort tlii^ limb by wearing ilastic si iugs, or a eiiicfully ap[)lie(l handage. Burns and Scalds. — There is no class of accitn.-isthat cause such an amount ther lilMiid lluid, iiislantaneous and perfect relief from all ])uiii will he expeiienci'd. in\ withdrawal, the burn sluuild he perfectly covered with half an inch or more of common whcaten Hour, ]>ut on with a (lre(l;.'ing-lio.\, or in any other way, and allowed to reiiiain until a cure is elTected, when the dry, caked Hour will fall off, or can be softened with water, disclosing a lieautifiil, new and healthy skin, in all ca^es where the burns have heen super- fieal. X'. Dissolve white lead in llaxseec! oil to the con- sistency of milk, and apjily over the entire burn or scald every iive minutes. It can bo applied with a soft feat !ier. This is said to give relief sooner, and to be more jier- manent in its elF(^cts, than any other application. 3. Make a saturated solution of alum (four ounces to a quart of hot water). Dip u cotton cloth in this solution and apjily immeiliately on the burn. As soon as it becomes hot or dry, replace it by anothoi, and continue doing so as often as "the cloth dries, which at first will bo every few minutes. The pain will immediately cease, and after tweiitv-four hours of this treatment tho burn will be healed; especially if commenced before blisters are formed. The astringent and drying qualities of the alum will entirely prevent their formation. 4. Glycerine, five ounces ; white of egg, four ounces ; tincture of arnica, three ounces. Mix tho glycerine and white of egg thoroughly in a mortar, and gradually add tho arnica. Apply freely on linen rags night and morning, washing Sroviously with warm castilo soap-suds. 5. Take one rachm of finely powdered alum, and mix thoroughly with ttie white of two eggs and one teacup of fresh lard ; spread on a cloth, and apply to the parts burnt. It gives almost instant relief from pain, and, by excluding the air, pre- vents excessive inflammatory action. Tho application should he changed at least onco a day. 6. Al. Joel, of tho Children's Hospital, Lausanne, finds that a tepid bath, containing a couplo of pinches of sulphate of iron, gives immediate relief to young children who have been exten- sively burned. In a case of a child four years old, a bath repeated twice a day — twenty minutes each bath — i he sup- puration decreased, lost its odor, and the little sufferer was soon convalescent. 7. For severe scalding, carbolic acid has recently been used with nuirked b' nefit. It is to be mixed with thirty parts of tho ordinary oil of lime water to ono part of tho acid. Linen rags satured in the carbolic emulsion are to be spread on the scalded parts, and kept moist by frequently smearing with the feather dipjied in tho liquid. Two advantages of this mode of treatment are, tho exclusion of air, and tho rapid healing by a natural restorative action without the formation of pus, thus })rescrving unmarred and personal appearance of the j)atient — a matter of no small importance to some jieople. Choking. — In case of Choking, a violent slap with the open handljctween the shoulders of tho sufferer will often effect a dislodpment. In case the accident occurs with a child, and tho slapping process doos not afford instant re- lief, it should be grasped by the feet, and placed head downwards, and tho slapping between tho shoulders re- newed ; but i.T case this induced violent suffocative par- oxysmg it must not be repeated. If the substance, wliat- ever it maybe, has entered the windpipe, and the coughing and inverting the body fails to dislodge it, it is probable that nothing hut cutting open the windpipe will be of any ISC fir fipoki i) U «l illgH, i'1'it.i..iH tlmf, ail' I'ollowod 'Viitcr. milk. I'l'liff ti-((iii tlio burn 1 (11- IIKIIC of ik'-lid.x, (ir in a euro is tl', (ir can he new 1111(1 lit'cn snjier- to the con- irn or suuld iol't fciitlier. nioie jicr- ication. 3. unccs to a lis solution I it hcc'(-nies doing BO as 3 cvei-y few ivnd after "II will he iro formed, alum will erine, five of arnica, of egg ;ho arnica, f, washing Take one uglily with rd ; spread ves almost 10 air, pre- ipplication kl. .loel, of epid bath, ron, gives ecu exten- ild, a bath —I he snp- ifferer was •bolio acid Ft is to be of lime red in the led parts, e feather mode of tl healing mation of jpearance B to some with the ivill often rs with a slant I'e- 3ed head ildcrs ra- ti vo par- e, wtiat- ioughing probable '6 of any ACCIDENTS AND INJURIES. avail ; and for this the Bcrvicos of a snrgoon should always ho jirocurcd. If food has Btuck in the tiiroat or gullet, the forefinger should bo inuntuliatcly iiitrodu('i'l(>;i|>,i;,'t' of I)iviitliiii;r. "f tin' liriirt's ai'tinn; llio cyelidrt arc [iiirily iloi'il, the ovfs l'I:i -y, iiiul tin- jiiiiiils usimlly ililiiiril; till! ,ian» afo clciu'liiil, tliti ruiL,'('i(i [larlially coii- tr.ii'ii'd, and tin- lips ami iiDstiil.-) iiidi'o or li'ss covcriMl with I'mtliy iMiiriis, wiili incri'a^in;^ pallnr and ('(iMMcsH of wiir- Uuf, and tlio imiscli's siidii Ix'cnnio ri;,'id and tlic lilnll^^ fixed in ilii'ir jioqtion. Hut as tln'so Haino cnuditiiiim may ulsd exist in cirtaiii Dtlu'r ca.-cM of unsjicndiMl animal ion, j^rcal. caro Mlionld lio oli^crved, wlirufvcr tlici'o is tlio least doiilit concern inf,' it, to prevent tlio unnecessary crowding of the room in which tlu> (■iir])S(' is, or of jjarlics crowding aronnd the hody; nor nhonld the Imdy ho allowed to remain lying on th(! hack witiinnt the tongac hcing so secured as to iire- vent the glotiis or oriliiH^ of tlu) wiiii'ig closed hy it; norsliiMild l he face he closely covered; imr lou^vh usage of any kind he allii\vc(|. Iti ease (iicre is preat dmiht, the body Hhonld not he allowed to lio inclosed in lluM'otiin,and under no circuiusianc csshonld iairi.d he allowed until ther(^ are uninislakaMe sii,'us of deconiposition. Of tlio iiumernii.-, incdidils |(roposed as signs for real (lotttli, wo Kidect the f(dlowing: 1. So long as hrealhing continues, the surface of II mirror hold to the monili and nostrilf will heconie dinimcd with mcisliire. '.'. If a strong thread or flniall Cord ho tied tiirhily rmnid tin* finger of a living poraoii, tlio ])ortion hcyond tlio cord or tlirea. A few drops of a solntif a of atropia (two grains to one-luilf ounco of water) introdueef, or llf-li-Iitor; A (Iroj) of niipHu, pro- I II way any tinioH pon- niay excite hoy should I a current open win- Do not lio siifTerer few ni in- old water Hud Bome , aioniatic d as soon >irit8 and Ij^ should oioso •h on fire, 3 ground, lown and oth, rug, •ules for any ono I nearest ■y- »n wiLh- snow, or > ii'tiirn, of color lies wet iiniation ili(! a<'id f niorti- U'liere Did, hot rubbed -When Id coni- ivo any ed, and actio!i. (tl For ihia purpose there is, perhaps, nothing better than n largo teaHpoonfiil of ground mustard in a tunibicrful of warm watet-, and it iiai the adva.'*i4ge of being ulnioHt always at liaiid. If the dry miislui . is nut to be liad, uise mixed niiisiai'il from Hit! niiisturd pot. Its operatidU may geiiprally l>o faiililated by theaildilion of alike (|iiantity of common table salt. If the niiinlard is not at hiinoirtonous substances have been thoroughly evacuated, and thou suitable antidotes should bo given. If vomiting cannot be produ'ied, the stonmch-punip should bo used. When it is known what particular kind of poison lias been swallowed, then the proper antidotufor that poison should bo given, but when this cannot be aHcertained, as is often the case, give freely of eipial parts of caltMiied magnesia, pulverized (diarcoaf, and sesipiioxiile of iron, in sutlicient quantity of water. This is a very harmless mixtnie, and is likely to bo of great benetit, us the ingreilients, though very simple, are antidotes for the most common ami active poisons. In case this mixture cannot bo obtained, the stomach should be soothed and protected by the free adminisiratioii of demulcent, mucilaginous or cleagiiKUis drinks, such as the whites of eggs milk, mucilage of gum arable, or slippery elm bark, flaxseed tea, .> vomiting, should it cim- tiniie. blister over the sloinach by a})plying a clotli wt't with strong spirits of ]uirlylio''n, iiinl then sprinkle on (lie one-eighth todtii^-t'ourth of a ^rain of moi'iihiii. Arsenic and its Preparations— Ratsbane, Fow- ler's Solution, etc. — Symptoms : (ienerally witliin an hour pain and lieat are felt in the stomach, soon followed t I } I A''i"iilly colorcil, *ii!ii r ({lY'oii yi'llrtw, ^r iTowniili. iiinl noiiicliiiifs lilnntly. T)iurrh(i'ii wtlvHoiitiry onsiii-", Nvliil(> tlu< jiiiIhi' Ih'ciiiiics srimll uiiil iiifiiil, yet irregular. Bri'iilliiii;; iimi'li Kitini'ssi d; dittl' iilly iiivoiiiiliiif^inayoi'ciir, while (riiiii|is, ciiiivilsKins, or t'V(re (piantity of water, or oven if nothin;; else isrt hand, lloiic anil water, iilways, however, ^fivini; an einetie the lirst (hin;:, or <'aiisiiiK voniitint; hy tickling; I h(< throat with H feather, eti<. 'I'lie inllaininalion of tlu^stoiiiueh whiidi f'>l- lowrt iiiiist lie tic. lie. 1 hv hli-iler-, hot foineiitai ion.M, niiicil- nginoiis ihiiik.'i, ele., et.'. Belladonna or Deadly Night Shade. —Svmptom.s : Dryness i<< the month and throat. <;\vnt thirst, ditVK'iiltv of swallovviiii:, nausea, dinin.'ss, confusion or loss of vision, j;reat eiilar','ement of the pupils, di/ziness, delirium and coina. — 'I'lciitine'it: 'i'lici'c i.s no kin;.\ ii antiilote. (Jive ii proiniit eini'iir anil then relijiiiie must lie placed on eoii- tinual stimnhitiiiii with hrandy, whisky, etc., and toneces- Kary arlilicial respii.uiDn. Opium and its preparations, an nioiphia. hiudainim, etc., iiriUlmu :lit liy .some to counter- act theetTictof hellailiiiina. and may lie;,'iven in .small and repeated i|, urs, as alsM strniiLT hiack coiree and f,'reuii tea. Blue Vitriol, or Blue Stone. —s.v foi-pcias. Cantharldes (Spanish or Blisterlngf Fly) and Modern Potato Bug'.— ^ympmins; .sick'ninj,' odor of the lii'eath. Hour ta-!e. uilli huiiiiii;; heat in tho tliroat, Btoinach, and lowels; freiiuent voinitinir, often liloody ; copious bloody stools, great iiain in the .stomach, with l)urniii!^ sensaiiim in tho hladoer and dilliculty to urinali', followed with terrihlo conviilsiuns, deliriiiin ami death. — Treatment : Excite voinitinj,' hy drinkin;; pleiitifidly of KWoct oil or other wholesome oils, siiuMr and water, milk, or Kli|)pery elm tea; give injections of castor oil ami stari-'h, or warm milk. 'l"he inllammatory symptoms which generally follow must he treated hy a medical man. Cam- phorated oil oi camphoriited spirits shoiihl be rubbed over the bowels, 8lomacliand thiglis. Caustic Potash.— See Alkalies. Cobalt, or Fly-Powder.— Synijitonis : Heat and pain in the throat and stomach, violent rctihiii'faii.l voinitiuv'. cold and chunniy .skin, ptnall and feel'lo jjiilse, hurried and ilitlicult breathiiiL', diarrlnea, etc — Tre.itment . An emetic, followed hy the free- administration of milk, I'ggs, wlx'at flour anil water, uiul mucilaginous drinks. Copper— Blue Vitriol, Verdigris or Piclcrspiration, dilated puj)ilH, sighing, irregular lirealhing, iind Hoinelimes conviilNioiiN. — Treutinent: After vomiting, give brandy iiiid ummonia in frei|ueiilly repeated doses, apply warmth to (he extrem- ities, and if i ecc.sary resort lo iii'iilicial r.'spii.itioii. Gases -Carbonic Acid, Chlorine, Cyanogen, Hy- drosulphurlc Acid, etc.— Sym|itoms: (Jicat drowHJ- ness, dilhciilt respiration, features swollen, face blue as in sirangulation. — Treatment: .Artillcial rcHpiratiotis, cold douche, frictions with stimulating substanci's tolheHiirfHcd of the liodv. Inhalation of steam containing pic|iai'atiiiii8 ofammonm. Cupping from nape of neck. Internal iiso of chloroform. Green Vitriol.— See lion. Hellebore, or Indian Poke.— Symptoirm: Violent vomiting and purging, bloody stools, great anxiety, tremorn, vertigo, fainting, sinking of the jmlse, cold sweets and con- vulsions. — Treatment : Hxciti' speedy vomiting by large draughts of warm water, molasses anif water, tickling tho throat with tho finger or ii featlu'r, and emetics ; give oily and mucilaginou.s drinks, oily i)urgatives, and ( lysters, acids, strong oolTee, cam[)lior anil opium. Hemlock (Conlum).— Symptoms ; I)rynes.s of tho throat, ticinoi's, dizziness, ditliculty of swidlowing, prostra- tion and faintness, limbs iiowerle.ss or ]iaralyzei|, pupils dilated, pulse rapid and feeble ; insensibility acd con.id- sioiiH siinielimes precede death. — Treatment: Kmpty the stomach and give brandy in tablespooiiful doses, with luilf leasiioonful of s|)irits of Ammonia, frequently repeiiteil, and if much pain and vomiting, give l)roiniile of ammon- ium in tiyo-grain doses every lialf hour. Artitieiul resjiini- tiim may bo required. Henbane or Hyoscyamus.— Symptoms : Mu.scuhir twitciiing, inability to articulate jilainly, dimness of vis- ion and stupor; later, yomiting and luirging, .small, inter- niitteut pul.se, conyulsivo movement of tlio extremities mid coma. Treatment : Similar to (»i)inm Poisoning, whicli see. Iodine. — Symptoms: Hurninir pain in tliroat, lacerating ]iMiu in the sloniach, fruitless etfort to vomit, excessive teiiilerness of the epigastrium. Treatment- Free emesis, )pronipt adniinistration of starch, wheat flour, or arrow- root, beat up in water. Lead.— Acetate of Load, Sugar of Lead, Dry White Lead, Red Lead, Litharge, or Pickles, Wine, or Vinegar, Sweetened by Lead.— Symptoms: When taken in large doses, ii sweet but astringent inetallic. taste exists, with constriction in tlio throat, jiain in tho region of tho Btoniach, painful, obstinate, and frequently bloody vomiiings, hiccough, convulsions or spasms, and death. When taken in small but hnig-continned doses, it jirodiices colic, called painter'.s colic; gretit ]>ain, obstinate constipa- tion, and in extreme cases par.ilylic symiitoms, especially wrist-ili'o]), with a bine line along tlio edge of the guni.s. 'I'reafmcnt : To counteract the poison, give alum in water, one and a half ounce to a quart; or, better still, Epsom salts or (Jlauber salts, an ounce of eitlier in a quart of water; or dilute sulphuric acid, ti teaspooiiful to a quart of water. If a 'argo quantity of sugar of lead lias been re- cently taken, empty the stomach by an emetic of sulphate of zinc (one drachm in a quart of water), giving one-fourth hoi It itil taJ inl fttl oil It. I'll iHi ■rill Ml aiiij ijiilH, (iiifi. I II ill III- Hy. IIH'Ni- •t in .•old iim INU AOriDENTH AND IK.tURIKS. to (iominonno.nnil ropoatinir smnlliir donen until fro« vomit- ing in prodiu'od ; ruHtor oil nhoiilil lio Rivnn to ricnr tiio bowoln, anti injiu'tioiiH of oil unil Htiircli frouly adniiniBterud. If tiio liiii>iiiin. Lunar Caustic— St(. silver. Lobelia.— Iniliiin I'okc — Syniptoms : ExoMHiye Toni- itin||(uii(l ynru'wxa, piiiiiM in tlio IiowcIh, cont ruction of llio piipilH, ilcliriiini, coinu, iinil coiivnlMionM. 'rri'iitin(>nt: .Mus- tard ovi-r tlin Htoiniicli, and lirandy and aniinoniii. Mercury. -Corrosive Sublimate (imn p'-innnM frc- rpiontiy . oiituin this iioisoii). Red Precipitate, Chinese or Eng^llsh Vei million. —Synii)l()ni.H: Acrid, niclallic Uu;naeli. anxiety, restlessness, fre- (|iient pulse, delirium, etc. Treatment: Empty the stomach, and irive whites r^f e!i as t&e patient can swal- low give stimulants in small qaaiilities. Sunstroke. — This is caiued by long exix»Bure in great heat, esjiecially when acoompankd w'rth great fatigue and exhaustion. Tiiough generaDj happening from exposure to the sun's rays, yet pretis^lj Hinilar effects may be and are jiroduced from any andue erposore to great and ex- haustive heat, such as workmen are fxpoetxl to in foundries, gas factories, ba'eries, and Mber amilar emjiloyinents. Its first .symptom is pain in the bcadand dizziiu'ss. (juiekly followed by loss of conscioasnear, and »*«uhing in complete prostration: sometimes, hows^Ttfr. li*e aitla^k is sudden, as in apoplexy. The head i.-^ genenHj bnriiing liot. the fitce dark and swollen, the breathing lafaonnd and snoring, and the feet and hands cold. Remore tL7*»fn'*\ •witii iitile change ill their appearance from Octofer i-t March. A drv and c(]l(l place in which there is Irtde i-faanire of temiieratnre is the best. How to Dry Apples. —Tb*' m«^ general method /It' adopted in drying ajiples is. afttr thev an- jmred. to cut \ them in slices, and spread thfrm on eUAha. liibies or boards, and then drv them out-df)ors. In tletir and drv v.cather of tllf Pn. If if the Cold liiwiga- piTted [filter, Jiiiiiriel ll. will I'laKfor lie- this is, perhaps, the most pxpcditious and host wav; hut in , cloudv and stormy weather this way is attended with much , inconvenience, and sometiiiRS loss, in t onf-'cquenco of the | apples rotting before they drv. To some extent they may | be dried in this way in the lioupe, though this is attended i with much inconvenience. The best method thut we have i ever used to dry apples is to use fram(;s. These combine I the most advantages with the least inconvenience of any 1 way. and can be ni^ed with equal advantage eith.er in dry- ! ing in the house or out in the sun. In plea.-iunt weathc. | the frames can l>e set out doors against thi; side of the : building, or any other support, and at night, or in cloudy i and stormy days, they can bu brought into the house, anil set against the side of the room near the stove or fireplace. I Frames are made in the following manner: Two stri[)s of \ board, 7 feet long. 2 to '2i inches wide — two strijis 3 feet 1 long, li inches wide, the whole J of an inch thick — nail i the short strips across the ends of the long ones, and it makes a frame .3 by 7 feet, which is a convenient size for : all purposes. On one of the long strips nails are driven 3 inches apart, extending from the top to the bottom. After 1 the apples are pared they are quartered and cored, and witli a needle and twine, fir stout thread strung intf( lengths long enough to rear-h twice across th(! frame ; the end;; of the twine are then tied together, and the strings hung on the nails across the frame. The ap])Ies will soon dry so that the strings can be doubled on the nails, and fre*h ones put on or the whole of them reiiioveil. and others i)nt in tlieir place. .\s fast as the apples beiome snfiiciently dry, they can l-e taken from the .strings, and the same striuL's us<»d to dry more on. If large apples arc used to dry. they can be cut in smaller pieces. Pears and (juinces, and otHer fruits that can be strung, may be dried in this wav. How to Pack Apples in Barrels.— Wiien the farmers find out that the manner of jiacking apples in barrels greatly induences the j)rice of the same, they will take more care than they usually do. A neatly packed barrel will bring from one to two dollars more than one in which the apples are thrown in without any effort to make a good show. When you begin to pack tlie barrel turn it upside down, the head resting on the ground or floor; then take the b.>itom out, leaving the head in. Then choose about a peck of your prettiest and finest apj)le3 ; wipe them clean, being certain that there are no spots on them, or in any other manner disfigured ; then place them in the barrel with their stems down, first placing them around the rim of the barrel, entirely round the same, after which make another ring, until the whole is covered. Then throw in your apples, and when your barrel is full, press them down and put in the bottom, after which turn them head up- wards. When the barrel is oj,ened from the top, your apples will \te found in good condition, even and nicely packed. Apple Batter. — Select two bushels of sour apples, and peel, core and e very easily removed by turning the pot on one side. 'i. Fresh butter, sixteen pounds ; salt, one pound. 3. Fresh butter, eighteen pounds ; salt, one pound : salt- peter, one and one-fourth ounces; honey or fine brown sugar, two ounces. How to Make Pennsylvania Apple Butter.— Let three bushels of fair sweet ai)ples be jiared, quariered. and the cores .•emovcd. Meairvliilo let two barrels of new cider be boiled down to one-half. When this is done, commit the prepared apples to the cider, and let the boiling go on briskly and systematically, stirring the contents without cessation, that they do not become attached to the side of the kettle and be burned. Let the stirring go on till the ..nialgamated cider and apples become as thick as husty-pudding; then throw in pulverized alispice. when it may be considered as finished, and committed to pots for future use. How to Pack and Preserve Butter.— Packing but- ter that is gathered up at country stores i; a nice o])enition. and needs to be carefully performed. As it is of all shades of color, from white to pale yellow generally, a coloring may be prepared by melting some of the butter aiul dis- solving in it the ])repared annatto, which may lie prneurecl at any drug store. This should be kept for use as it is want- ent inside them, and asiniilarly i)rci)ared jjiece of paper tied around them. Thev should then bo hung i\\) in a ccmiI dry jilace, and will bo f.iund to kci'pmuch longer than without under- going this J)fni'cs.:. How to Keep Cabbage. — Oat her them before tb.e severe fall finsts. Lettlu^ coarse outside leaves reniiuii on them. l'"ix a strong string ar()Uiul the stalk, and suspend the cabbage from the timbers of llu> ceiling, heads do'iii- wivrd. The cellar should be cool and dry. This will j)re- servo them with a certainty. Another good method is to cut the cabbage from the stump, jiaek chise in a ( ask, ttiking care to till up all the vacancies with dry clialf, or bran, and keep in a dry cellar. How to Keep Cauliflower.— They can be kept in a cellar by covering tlu! roots and stalks with earth, tdl Feb- ruary. " Or they luay be placiil in a trench in the garden, roots down, tind covered with earth, np close to the heads, and tiien cover with Jiay or straw, four or tivo inches thii'k, placing just enough soil on the straw to keep it in its posi- tion. 1'his method does well in the latitude of New York; but in colder climates a thicker covering would be re- quired. How to Keep Celery. — This may be kept in good con- dition through the winter in a cool, dry cellar, l)y hav- ing it set in eartli. When a small fpiantity oidy is wanted, take a box and stand the celery np in it, placing a little earth about the routs. The farmers who raise (pmntities of it oftei: keep it in their old hot-beds; standing it up, and ])roteeting it from frosts. There is no vegetal)le more rel- ished than this, ami every person who has a garden should raise euougli for his own use, if no more. How to Keep Sweet Cider. — Use only sound apples. Make the cider when the weather is almost cold enougli to freeze the a])i)lcs. Expose the cider during freezing weather, and stir it till the whole of it is reduced as near the freezing point its possible without freezing, 'i'hen bar- rel it, bung up tight, ami place in a cellar ke])t nearly down to the freezing jmint. As long as you can keep it cold enough it will not ferment, and as long as it does not ferment it will remain sweet. How to Drjr Cherries. — Take the stems and stones from ripe cherries; spread them on flat dishes, and dry them in the hot sun or warm oven: jioiir whatever juice may have run from them, a little at a time, over them, stir them about that they may dry evenly. When they are per- fectly dry, lino boxes or jars with white inipor, iind pack them close in layers; strev. a little brown sugHr, and fold the paper over, and keep them in a dry place; or put them in muslin bags, iind hang them in an airy jjlace. How to Store Eggs.— Wright's illustrated Book of Poultry says that a systcnuitic trial for two seasons has shown that, lor purposes of long keeping for eating or breeding, eggs should be packed with the largo end down- ward, msteail of placing them on the small end, as is com- moidy done. The longer tlie eggs are kept the greater diiTereiico will be found in the results of the two methods. Experiment has proved that eggs i)laceil as roeomniended may be set and .suecessfidly luitehed, with remarkable uni- formity, at ages which with the usual method of storing would render suet ess almost hopeless. The practical phi- losophy of the case is alleged to consist in delaving the spread of the air Imbble and it» detachment from tlie mem- braneous lining of the egg, thub retarding nlterations de- structive to vitality. How to Dry Eggs. — The eggs are beateji to uniform consistency, and spread out in tnin cakes on batter platea. This dries them in a paste, which is to be packed in close cans and sealed. When required for use, the paste can be dissolved in water ami beaten to a foam like fresh eggs. It is said that eggs can be preserved for years in this way, and retain their fliivor. How to Pickle Eggs.— The jar is to be of moderate size — wide-nn)ntlied earthen jar, suflicient to hold one dozen eggs; let the latter be boiled quite hard; when fully done, place the same, after taknig them up, into a jian of cold water. Iveniove the sheUs from them and deposit them carefully in the jar. Have on the lire a quart or more of good white vim^gur, into which jint one ounce of raw finger, two or three blades of sweet mace, one ounce of alls])ice, half an ounce of whole black jiepper and salt, lialf an ounce of mustard seed, with four cloves of garlic. When it Inis simmered down, tiike it np and pour the con- tents into the jar, taking care to c)bserve that the eggs are wholly covered. When quite cold, stopper it down for use. It will bo ready after a month. When cut into quarters, they serve as a garnish, and afford a nice relish to cold nu'at of any kind. How to Keep Eggs. — 1. Parties in the egg business in a large way build brick vats made water-tight, in which is lime water, made by putting lime in water, and when it is slacked and settled to the bottom, drawing off the liquor. Into this liquor the eggs are placed and kept beneath the surface. They arc kept as cool as possible. These are the limed eggs with which the market is supplied during the winter. 2. Another mode of keeping eggs, tested by the Agricult- ural Department, is as follows: Hub the eggs with flax- seed (linseed) oil, and place tlietn, small end downwards, in sand. Eggs so prepared were found at the end of six months to liave the same taste and smell of perfectly fresh eggs, and to have lost in wei 'bt only three per cent. Greasing eggs with lard or tallow Jias not been successful in preserving them, except for short periods. 3. Take a thin board of any convenient length and width and pierce it full of holes (each one and a half inches in diameter) as you can. A board two feet and six inches in length and otie foot wide, has five dozen holes in it, say twelve rows of live each. Then take four strips two inches broad and nail them together edgewise into a rectangular frame of the same size as your other board. Nail this board upon a frame and the work is done unless you choose to nail a heading around the top. Put your eggs in this board as thev come from the })oultry house, the snniU ends down, and they will keep good for six nu)nths, if yon take the following precautions: Take c;n'e that the eggs do not get wet, either in the nest or afterwards. Kee]> them in a cool room in summer, and out of the reach of frost in win- ter. If two boards bo kept, one can be filling while the other is emptying. 4. I'^g'Ts can easily be kept from October to March in the follov.ing manner: A ])iece of lime, as large as a quart dip- jier, is jiiit in five gallons of water, iind salt added until an I'gg will float. This is straiiu'd and ]>ut into a clean keg, into which a louse head is nnide to lit easily; a knob is fitted to the liep.d for a handle. The eggs are i>ut, as they are gathered, into the lii|uid, and the loose head iilaceer ring between the metal and the glass. 'J'iio devices for these caps are numerous, and much ingenuity is displayed in inventing them. We have used several patterns without nnich difTerence in success, but inive found there was some dilference in the facility with whicii the jars could be opened and closed. The best are those in which atmospheric jiressure helps the sealing, and where the sole dependence is not upon st^rews or clamps. To test a jar, light a slip of paper ;rd hold it within it. The heat of the flame will expand tli air and drive out a por- tion of it. Now ])ut on the cap, when the jar becomes cool the air within will contract, ai\d tlie pressure of the external air should hohl the cover on so lirmly that it can- not bo jitdled off without first letting in the air by jiressing aside the rubber or by such other means as is jirovidcd in the construction of tlio jar. When regular fruit jars are not used, good corks and cement must bo provided. Cement is made by melting 1^ ounce of tallow with 1 pound of rosin. The stiffness of the cement may be gov- erned by the use of more or less tallow. After the jar is corked, tie a piece of stout drilling over the mouth. Dip the cloth on the mouth of the jar into the melted cement, rub the cement on the cloth with a stick to break up the hubbies, and leave a close covering. The i)ri)cess. J-]verything should be in readiness, the jars clean, tiie covers well fitted, the fruit picked over or otlicrwi>e 'ircparcd. and the cement and corks, if these are used, at hand. Th.e bottles or jars are to I'eci'ive a very hot liquid, and they must be gradually warmeil beforehand, iiy placing warm water in them, to which boiling water is gruduallyadded. Commence by making a syrup in the lU'opoition of a ]ioMnd of white sugar to a jiint of water, using lesssngar if tiiis quantity will make the fruit too sweet. Wlun the syrup boils, add as nuuh fruit iis it will cover, let the fruit lieat in tJje syrup gradually, and when it comes to a boil, ladle it into the Jars or bottles which luive beci: warmeil as above directed. Put in as much fruit as possible, and then add the syrup to fill up the in- terstices among the fruit ; then jiut on the cover (u- insert the stopper as soon as possible, llave a cloth at hand damp- ened inhot water to wii)e the necks of the jars. When one lot has been bottled, ])roceed with more, adding more sugar and water if more syrup is required. Juicy fruits will diminish the syrup much less than others. AVhen the bottles are cold, put them away in a cool, dry and dark jjlace. Do not tamjjcr with the covers in any way. The bottles should be inspected every day for a week or so, in order to discover if any are imperfect. If fermentation has commenced, bubbles will be seen in the syrup, and the covers will be loosened. If taken at once, the contents may be saved by thoroughly reheating. Anotbr r way is to prepare a syrup and allow "it to cool. Place the fruit in the bottles, cover with the syrup and then set the bottles nearly up to their rims in a boiler of cold water. Some wooden slats should be placed at the bottom of the boiler to keep the bottles from contact with it. The water in the boiler is then heated and kept boiling until the fruit in the bottles is thoroughly heated through, when the covers are juit on, and the bottles allowed to cool. It is claimed that the flavor « f the fruit is better preserved in this way than by the other. What nuiy be preserved. — All the fruits that are used in tiieir fresh state or for pies etc., and rhubarb, or pie-plaiit, aiul tomatoes, (treen peas, and corn, cannot be readily preserved in families as they require special apparatus. Strawberries — hard-fleshed sour varieties, i;uch as the Wil- son, are better than the more delicate kinds. Currants need more sugar than the foregoing. Black- berries and huckleberries are both very satisfactorily pre- served, and make capital pics. Cherries and plums need oidy picking over. Peaches need peeling and (piarter- iiig'. The skin nuiy bo removed from ripe peaches by scald- ing them in water ur weak lye for a few seconds, and then transferring them to cold wafer. Some obtain a strong peach flavor by boiling a few peach meats in the syrup. We have had peaches keep three years, and were better then than those sold at the stores. " Pears are pared and halved, ir quartered, and the core removed. The best, high-flavored and melting varieties only should be used. Coarse baking jiears are iinsati.sfa-tory. "A])ples — very few ]iut up these. Try some high-flavored ones, and you will bo plea.- ed wit II t Item. Quinces — there is a great contrast between quinces pres rved in this wav and those done up in the old way of pouiul for pound. ^I'liey do not become liard, and they remain of a fine light color. Tomatoes re- quire cooking'longer than the fruits proper. Any intelli- gent person who understands the principle upon which fruit is preserved in this way, will soon find the mechanical part easy of execution and the results satisfactory. How to Protect Dried Fruit From the Worms.— It is said that dried fruit put away with a littl bark }■ i- ■t I. MEATS AND VEGETABLES. Siinsiifrud (say ii large hiuulfiil to tlie Imshcl) will save for voiirs, iiniiiolet*to(i by those troiiblesoiiie little insects, wliipji so often destroy huiulreils of bushels in a single eason. The renieily is elieap and simple, but wc ventuie to say a go.Ki oi'e. How to Keep Canned Fruit. — 'I'ho preservation of canned fruits (le|icnds very niiicli oti the place where they are stored. If])iiiin a cellar, unlw-s it is exceptionally dry, they will gather imiuld and loose all the tine, fresh flavor it is so desiral)le lo retain. If kept in too warm a spot, they will ferment and linrst the cans, and in thatcase, even if tlio fault has not Iteen spilled over tlie sheivor, it will have been made so sour that no re-scalding, etc.. can nuike it good. .Severe cold does not injure it unless the weather is below zero. On-; stinging cold MKirning we entered our milk room to find long rows of greuiidiers in red coats, standing trium. pliantly amid the fragments of numerous defeated bottles, Tiic tomatoes being presei'ved entirely witiiout sugar or spice were frozen to ii solid red ice, but the fruits put nj) with a small ijuantily of sugar were only slightly frozen, and as we immediately immersed the jars in cold water until the frost was extracted, they did not burst. The tomatoes were saved by an immediate re-bottling. A double-walled closet in a fireless room on the second floor is one of the best ])laces for storing canned fruits in the winter: and in summer a cool milk-room will be found Biife. How to Dry Gooseberries.— To seven pounds of red gooseberries add a pound and a half of powdered sugar, which must be stewed over them in the preserving j>an; let them remain at a good heat over a slow fire till they begin lo break; then remove them. Repeat this process "for two or threo days; then take the gooseberries from the .syrup, and spread them out on sieves near the fire to dry. "This syrup may be used for other preserves. When the goose- berries are (|uite drv. store them in tin boxes or lavers of paj.er. How to Keep Red Gooseberries.— Pick Gooseberries vheii fully rijie, and for each quart take a quarter of a pouiul of sug.ir and a gill of water; biiil togethcruntil quite a syrup; then i)ut in the fruit, and coidinue to boil gently for liftecn minutes: then jmt them into small stone jars; when eold. eovor them close: kee]) them for making tarts or pies. ^ How to Keep Grapes.— 1. They must not be too ripe. Take nil any imperf.Tt grapes fronithe bunches. On the bottoin of a keg put a layer of bran that has been well dried in an oven, or in the sun. On the bran put a layer of grapes, with bran between the bunches so that they n'lay not be in eontact. Proceed in the sanm way with alternat'e layer.-: of gr.-ipes and bran, till the keg is fidl; then clo.se the keg so tliat no air can enter. 2. In a box first lay a paper, then a layer of grapes, selecting the best bunches and re- moving all imperfei't grapes, then another naper, then more grap;>s, nud so on until tiie box is full;' then eover all with .several folds of jjajier or cloth. X.ul onthe lid. and KQl in a cool room where it will not freeze. We use sifudl boxes, so as not to disturl) more than we want to use in a week or so. Oive e;u;h biuuh plenty of room so they will not crowd, and do not u.se newsjjapers. Some seal the stems wiiii sealing wax and wrap each bunch by itself, but we get along without that trouble. The gra'ies should be looked toseveral times during the winter. iShou'l any mould or decay, they should bo removed and the good (UT's ag;ii:i re])aolced. "P.y thi.s means we have IkkI. with oiir|)itrher of cider and basket of apples, our plate of grapes daily, besides distributing some among our friends and the sick of the ueiLdiborhood. 3. [Cliinese Method.) It consists in cutting a circular piece out of a ripe pumpkin or gourd, making an aperture largo enough to admit the hand. The interior is then completely cleaned out, the ripe grapes are placed inside, ami thu cov er replaced and pressed in firmly. The pumpkins are then kept in a cool place — and the grapes will be found to retain their freshness for a very long time. We are told that a very careful selection must be made of the pumpkin, the common field pumpkin, liowever, being well adapted for the purpose in question. How to Cure Hams. — The committee on bacon hams of the Second Annual Exhibition of the Frederick (Mary- land) County Agricultural Society awarded the first j)remi- um to Mrs, (feorgc M. Potts, and the second to W. II. fjeiuso, Esq., and observed " that the hams were remarka- lile for their excellent flavor, and were at the same time juicy and tender.'" — The followinnj arc the rcijies: Mi£,s. Potts' Recii'K. — To each green ham of eighteen pounds, one dessert-spoonful of saltpetre; one-fourth pound of brown sugar applied to the ilcsliy side of tln^ ham and about the hock; cover the fleshy side with line salt half an inch thick, and pack away in tubs; to remain from three to six weeks, according to size. Before smoking rub off any salt that may remain on the ham, and cover well with f round pepper, particularly about the bone and hock, lan^ up and dram for two dajs: smoke with green wood for eight weeks, or until the rind assumes a light chestnut color. The pepper is an effectua' preventive of the fly. I never bag hams. This recipe took the first premium. Mit. Lease's Rkcipe. — AVhen the liams were cool ho salted them down in a tight ciisk, putting a bushel of salt, well mixed with six ounces v saltpetre, to about one thou- sand pounds of pork; after it iiad been salted down four or live days, ho made a strong brine, sufficient to float an egg, and cured the meat with it, and then let it remain five weeks longer; then hung it uji, dusting the fresh •sides with black pepper; then smoked with green wood. AxoTHEif. — After cutting out the pork, rub the skin-side with about half a teaspoonful of saltpetre, well rubbed in. Rub the pieces all over with salt, leaving them well covered on the fleshy side. Then lay the hams in hxrge, tight troughs, skin-side down. Continue this process until it ia all salted down. Lot them remain in the trouglis without touching or troubling them for four or live weeks, accord- ing to the size of the hog, no matter liow warm or change- able the weather is. Then take them out of the trough, and string them on white-oak sj)lits; wash all the salt off with the brine, if sufficient; if not, with water; then rub them well and thoroughly with wood ashes. .Let them hang u|) and remain twenty-four hours or two or three days before you make the smoke under them, which must be made of grei'ii chips, and not chunks. Make the smoke under them every day, ami smoke them five or six weeks. After the smoke stops, let the hams remain hanging all the time. Shonlderscurc in the .same manner. Always kill your hogs in the morning, and let them remain from twen- ty-four to thirty-six hours before cutting them up. How to Keep Smoiced Hams.— Ma':; .;-.,!;s of coarse cotton cloth, large enough to hold one ham, and fdl in with chopped hay all around about two inches thick. The hay prevents the grease; from coming in contact with the cloth, and keeps all insects from the meat. Hang in the smoke- liouse, or other dry, cool jtlacc, and they will keeji a long lime, How to Dry Herbs.— 'J'hey should be gathered in a dry season, cleansed from ^^^^ set them in a good place. How to Keep Lard from Moulding.— It is not likely to mrld if properly tried and kept in a cool, dry place. Earthen crocks or pans well tinned are good to put lard in for keeping. Lard made from intestinal fat will not keep so long as leaf fat. It should be soaked two or three days in salted water, changed each day. How to Keep Lard Sweet.— Even during the warmest weather lard can be kept sweet by the following i)lan When rendering (melting) it, throw into each kettle a handful of fresh slippery elm bark. Xo salt must be added to it at any time. The jars in wliich the lard is to be kept nnist be thoroughly cleansed. How to Bleach Lard. — Lard may be bleached by applying a mixture of bichromat'3 of potaasa and muriatic acid, in minute proportions, to the fat. How to Try Out Lard. — This should be done in the open air. Set a large kettle over the fire, in some sliel- tereil ])hico, on a still day. It will cook much quicker in large (piantities. Put into the kettle, while the lard is cold, a little saleratus. say one tablespoonful to every twenty pounds; stir almost constantly when nearly done, till the scraps are brown and crisp, or until the steam ceases to rise; then there is no danger of its molding; strain out into pans, and the first will be ready to empty into crocks when the lust is strained. liow to Make Lard. — cut the fat up into pieces about two inches square; fill a vessel holding about three gallons with the pieces; put in a pint of boiled lye made from oak and hickory ashes, and strained before using; IkiII gently over a slow fire, until the cracklings have turned brown; strain and set aside to cool. By the above process you wilt get more lard, a better article, and whiter than by any other j)rocess. How to Keep Meat Fresh in Winter.— In Minne- sota, where winter thaws are not nuicii to be feared, it is quite common to hang u}) a porker or a leg of venison or beef, and cut from it as it liangs, week after week. It seems to us that meat so kej)t must greatly deteriorate in flavor. AVe like best to cut the beef or venison into good pieces for cooking in various ways, and pack them down in snow. Of course they freeze, but thawing a piece brought in to cook is a simple matter. Put frozen poultry or meat in cold water, and all the frost will shortly leave it. A coating of ice will be found on the outside, which will easily cleave off. How to Protect Meat from Fly.— An effectual way of excluding the fly is by using a wire meat-safe, or by cover- ing the joints with a long loose gauze, or some thin cloth, and hanging them from the ceiling of a dry room. Pcjiper and ginger should be sprinkled on the jiarts likely to be attacked by the fly, but should be washed off before the joint is put to the fire. How to Cure Meat. — To one gallon of water add one and a half pounds of salt, half a j)ound of sugar, half an ounce of saltpetre, half an ounce of potash. In this ratio the jiicklo to be increased to any quantity desired. Let these be boiled together until all the dirt from the sugar rises to the top and is skimmed off. Then throw it into a tub to cool, and when cold pour it over your beef or pork, to remain the usual time, say four or five weeks. The meat must be well covered with pickle, and should not be put down for at least two days after killing, during which time it should bo slightly sprinkled with powdered saltpetre, which removes all the surface blr.od. etc.. leaving the meat fresh and clean. Some omit boiling the pickle, and find it to answer well, though the ojieration of boiling purifies the pickle by throwing off the dirt always to be found in salt and sugar. If this recipe is properly tried it will never bo abandoned, There is none that surpasses it, if so good. How to Preserve Meat in Cans.— A new method of ])reserving meat in tin cans, which is favorably ccmmeuted upon, is that of Jlr. K. Jones, of London. In this process the meat is first packed in its raw state into tins of any desired size. The lids are then soldered down, the top of each lid having a small tin tube inserted into it, which communicates with the interior of the tin. These tubes are next inserted into the exhauster, which is a receptacle connected with a machine designated a "Torricellian vacuum," iin a])panitiis in which the air is exhausted by the action of water. The tins are then placed in the cooking- bath, and at the proper juncture the vacuum is created and the meat most thoroughly cooked, at a temperature varying from ISO to 2'iS degrees. At this stage another feature of the invention comes into play. The vacuum liaving been created, a suppl}' of gravy is turned on from a rccciitacle, iind the tins tilled with nutritious fluid. The feed j)ipes of liie tins are then nipped and the casc-s her- metically scalcil. By thus filling the tins with the gravy the dilliculty of collapse, which has always hitherto pre- vented largo tins from being used, is obviated, while the whole space of the package is utilized. Testimonials, from captains of ships and others who have used it, are furnished by the inventor, certifying to the excellent quality of the W \ I iiR'at, Ry this improved ijrocess, overcookiiisj tlic iiiciit, !■< j)rcvoiiti'(l, 1111(1 as now prepared it would si'i'iii to merit goncnil a}>probation. How to PicklQ Meat. — .Moist sugar, '^ pounds; bay or common salt, 4 jiouiids; saltpetre, i pouiui; fi'esli {ground ails|)ice, 2 ounces; water, G to 8 (puirts. Dissolve. Used to iiicklo nu'at, to whieii it imparts u tino red eolor and a superitu' flavor. How to Keep Milk. — Milk may bo preserved in stout, well-corked and wired bottles by heating' tluiu to tliO l>oil- infr point in a water batli, by wiiieli the small (Hiantity of inclosed air becomes decomposed. Jlilk, or green goose- berries, or j)eas, thus treated, will keep for two years. Some persons adil a few grains of calcined magnesia to each bottle of milk before corking it. Mince Meats. — Three pounds of raisins, stoned: three pounds of currants; three pounds of beef suet, chop|ie(l fine; one pound of bread crumbs; tlirec-<|narteis of a pound of mixe))ed up sejia- rately, and very fine. Mix all well together, and take especial care that the beef is well mixed with the other ingredients. Moisten with a bottle of brandy and stir occasiciially. Another: Half a ])ound of candied peel, cut in delicate slices, then cho))ppd; two wineglassfuls of brandy. Mix well together with a wooden sitoon, and jnit the mince meat, well pressed down, into a covered jar, tied over ver\ ivell. The mince meat should bo made some days before it is wanted, and when about to be used a little more brandy should bo stirred into it. Another: Quarter of an ounce of fine salt; half an ounce of mixed epice; three pounds of moist sugar; three pounds of well- cloaned currants; two pounds of stoned raisins, chopped; two and a half pounds of beef suet, finely chopped; the thinnest peel of two lemons and their juice; two pounds of apples, baked to a pulp, and weighed when cold. How to Keep Unions. — (Jather in fall ami remove the tops; then spread upon a barn floor or in any open shed, and allow them to remain then' until thoroughly dry. Put i; to barrels or small bins or boxes and jilace m a cool place, and at the approach of cold weather cover \vh]i straw or chaff, if there is danger of very severe freezing. Onions are often injured in winter by keeping them in too warm a Slace. They will seldom be injured by frost if kejit in the ark, and in tight barrels or boxes, where not subjected to frequent changes of temperature. It is the jternato freezings and thawings that destroy them, and if pliiced in a position where they will remain frozen all winter, and then thawed out slowly and in a dark jilace, no considera- blo injury would result from this ajiparently harsh treat- ment. Onions should always be stored in the coolest part of the cellar, or put in chaff and set in the barn or some out-house. How to Keep Parsnips. — The almost nnivcrsal prac- tice among farmers is to allow their parsnii)s to remain in the ground through winter, just where they were grown. AVe believe t!io quality of this root is improved by being frozen, or at Last kept cool, but it is not necessary to leave them in the open garden during winter, where, if the ground remain frozen, they cannot be got at until it thaws in spring, and then used in a very few weeks or not at all. If the roots are dug up late in the fall, leaving all the tops on, then carefully heeled in thickly together in rows, after which cover with a little coarse litter, they can be reached whenever wanted during winter. How to Dry Peaches. — Never pare peaches to dry. Let them get mellow enough to bo in good eating condi- tion, put them in boiling water for a moment or two, and the skins will come olT like a charm. Let thorn be in the water long enough, but no longer. The gain is at least sixfold — saving of time in removing the skin, great saving of the peach, the part of the peach saved is the best part, less time to stone the i)eaclus, less time to dry them, aiul betti'r when dried. A whole iiushel can be done in a boiler at once, and the water turned off. How to Can Peaches. — Pare and halve your peaches. I'ack them as closely as possible in the can without any su- gar. When the can is full, pour in suflicicnt pure cold water to fill all the interstices between the ])oaehes, and rt'aeli tlu! brim of the can. Let them stand limg enough for the water to soak into all the crevices — say six hours — then pour in water to replace Avhat has sunk away. .Seal up the can, and all is done. Canned in thia way, peaches re- tain all their freshness and flavor. There will not bo enough water in them to render them insi])id. If prt'ferred, a cold syrup could bo used instead of jiure water, but the peaches taste more natural without any sweet. How to Preserve Green Peas.— When full grown, but not old, ])ick and shell the peas. Lay them on dishes or tins in a cool oven, or l)eforo a bright fire; do not heai> the peas on the dishes, but merely cover them with peas, stir them frequently, and let them dry very gradually. 'When hard, let them cool, then pack them in stone jars, cover close and keep them in a very dry place. When re- (piired for use, soak them for some hours in cold water till they look plump before boiling; they are excellent for soup. Piccalilli, Indian Method.— This consists of all kinds of pickles mixed. and put into ono large jar — sliced cucum- bers, button onions, cauliflowers, broken in pieces. Salt them, or put them in a large hair sieve in the sun to dry for three days, them scald them in vinegar a few minutes, when cold put them together. Cut a large white cabbage in quarters, with the outside leaves taken off and cut line, salt it and put in the sun to dry three or four days, then scald it in vinegar, the same as cauliflower; carrots, three parts, boiled in vinegar and a little bay salt. French beans, radish, pods, and nasturtium8,all go through the same proc- ess as capsicums, etc. To 1 gallon of vinegar put 4 ounces of ginger bruised, 8 ounces of whole white pepper, 2 ounces of allspice, -J ounce chillies bruised, 4 ounces of tumeric, 1 pound of the best mustard, -^ pound of shallots, 1 ounce of garlic, and ^ pound of bay salt. The vinegar, spice, and other ingredients, exccj't the mustard, must boil half an hour; then strain it into a pan, pnt the mustard into a largo basin, with a little vinegar ; mix it quite fine and free from lumps, then add more. When woll mixed put it into the vinegar just strained off, and when quite cold put the jiickles into a la'-go pan, and tlio liquor over them ; stir them roi)eatedly, so as to mi''' liieni all. P'inally, put them into a jar, and tie them over first with a bladder, and afterwards with leather. The capsicums want no prepara- tion. How to Store Potatoes. — Potatoes should not be ex- posed to the sun and light any more than is necessary to dry them after digging them from the hill. Every ten minutes of such exposure, especially in the sun; injures their edible qualities. The flesh is thus rendered soft, yellowish or greenish, and injured in flavor. Dig them when dry, and put them in a dark collar immediately, and keep them there till wanted for nse, and there wonld not be so much fault found about bad quality. This is also a hint to those grocers and marketmen who keep their pota- toes in barrels in the sun — that is, if they wish to fnrnish their customers with a good article. How to Keep Potatoes from Sprouting.— To keep potatoes intended for use at the table from sprouting until pari thrJ Sull o\\ not| cri plaJ retil Th\ sliE (: J :1? MEATS *KD VEQETABLKS. now potatoes grow, tako l)oilin;i; Avator, pour into a tub, turn iu ua iniiny potatoes as tho wnter will cover, tlieu pour oil all tho water, haudlo the potatcn riircfiiDy, liiyin;; up in ft dry place ou boards, only one layer deep, and see if you do not havo good potatoes the year round, without hard strings and watery ciuU caused by growing. How to Dry Pumpkins. — Take tho rij)e pumpkins, pare, cut into small pieee.s, stew soft, mash and strain through ft colander, as if for making pies. Spread this Snip on plates iu layers not quite an inch thick ; dry it own in tlio stove oven, kept at so low a temperature as not to scorch it. In about a day it will become dry and crisp. Tho sheets thus made can be stowed away in a dry place, and they are always ready for use for pies or sauce. Soak tho pieces over night iu a little milk, and they will return to nice pulp, ns delicious as tho fresh pumpkin, Tho quick drying after cooking prevents any portion from slightly Bouring, as is always the case when the uncooked pieces are dried ; the llavor is much better preserved, and the after-cookii»g is saved. How to K«»ep Rain-Water Sweet.— The best way to keep rain-water sweet in a cistern, is to first collect it m a tank, aiul filter it into tho cistern below the surface. This will remove tho organic matters, and prevent fermenta- tion. Care should also be taken to prevent surface drain- age into it. How to Preserve Rosebuds.— A method employed in Germany to keep rosebuds fresh into tho winter, con- sists in first covering the end of the recently cut stem with wax, and then placing each one in a closed paper cap or cone, so that tho leaves do not toucli tho paper. The cap is then coated with glue, to exclude an-, dust and moisture, and when dry it is stood up in a cool place. When wanted for use, the bud is taken out of the cap and placed in water, after cutting off the end, wlien tho rose will bloom in a few hours. How to Keep Sweet Potatoes.— Sweet potatoes can be kept by placing them in bulk in a bin or box (the more the better) without drying, and maintaining for them a uniform temperature of 45° to 50°. Putting something between, among, or around them, may serve to keep them at tlio i>r()i)er temperature, but it is of no value whatever aside from this ; and if it ^houId retain dampness, it will be a positive injury. Afier the sweat takes place, say iu three or four weeks, scatter over them a light covering of dry loam or saiul. In this way it is easy to keep sweet potatoes for table use or for seed, as well as "the inferior and less nourishing Irish potato." Another way is to i)aek in barrels, and pour in kiln-dried sand until the intervals arc full ; or boxes of uniform size, piled up on tbp side of a room where tho temperature never falls to the f iee?,i:ig jioint, which is a condition of first imjiortance. This wall of boxes may bo papered over, and left undisturbed until sjiring, when tho potatoec will command tho highest prices. How to Keep Sweet Potatoes in Bulk.— A sweet pc ..to grower in Southern Illinois states that sweet pota- toes will keep in bulk. He has kept seven hundred bushels in one jiile. The potatoes should be dug before the vines are injured by frost, sunned until dry, aiul then placed in a cellar on a clay fioor, putting fine hay or fiax straw between the potatoes and tho wall, and covering with tho same material. Tho deeper and larger the pile the better. The hay or straw sliould bo covered with clay, a thickness of one or two inches being sutticient for tho climate of that region. At the top should be left one or more air-holes, aceonling to tlio size of the pile, for tho escape of steam. In damp, warm weather open a window or door in th' day-time. r^ How to Make Hard Soap.— After the raw soda or barilla is ground or joundc-*!. it is jdaced in a vat in alter- nate lavcis with u«.;lackH lime, tho bottom layer being lime. \Vater is allowed to infiltrate through those layers, and the lye is securcfl as it trickles througli a liole in the bottom of the vat. The lime absorbs tho tarlionic acid of tho soda, nuiking the lye c:au?tic or fit for the soap-ketlle; and the quantity of lime applied must be in proportion to tho quantity of rarlwtiic acid in the soda. To every twen- ty pounds of tallow add one gallon of weak lye, and boil until the lye is spent. The mass nnist then cool for one hour, the spent tye drawn off, and another gallon of strong lye be addud; the mixture again boiled until the second doso of lye is spent, and the same process must bo rejieated for several davs, until the mixture, if pro])erly numaged, is converted into white tallow soap, which should be allowed to cool gradually and settle, when it is poured iiito molds, and when solid it is cut into tho bars which are found in our markets. Twenty pounds of tallow ought to make 30 pounds of first-quality hard soap, allowing three pounds of soda-ash for every 2Q j)ounds of tallow. Tho balance of the weight is m^de up by the large qiumtity of water which enters into combination with tne grease and alkali in the course of gaponilieation. AVhen yellow or resin stap is required, the hard soap has to bo made in the nsnal manner, and at the last charge of lye, or when the soapy mass ceases to absorb any moi j lye, one-third the weight of pounded resin is introduced, tho mixture constantly stirred, and the boil kept up vigorously until the resin has become incorporated with tho soap. The whole must stand until it settles, and tho soap then dipped out. liesin soap, when well made, should be a fine bright color. How to Make Soft Soap. — The principal difference between hard and ioi: ?■ i]- is. that three parts of fat atford, in general, fully ■;••- ji.irtsliard soda-soap; but three parts of fat or oil wili ;i;!'j.3 ^ix or Feven parks of potash- soap of a moderate C':':-?ijteucc. From its cheapness, strength, and superior solubility, potash-soap is preferred for numy purposes, particularly for the scouring of wool- ens. The lyes prepared for making soft soaps should be made very strong, ami of two densities, as the process "f making potash or soft soap differs materially from that ,-C making soda or hard soap. A portion n of the weaker lyo is introduced, and the fire kept up so as to bring the mixture to the boil- ing point ; then some more oil and lye are introduced alternately, until the pan is filled. The boiling is continued gently, strong lye being ader cent, of water. Sixty pounds of lard will make 1»» fKiunds of first-class soft soap, by using one and a half cans of concentrated lye, which is made from salt, and is r»j-;illy a soda-lye. How to Make Sauerkraut— In the first place, let your "stand,"' holding fr<'m half a barrel to a band, bo thoroughly s(^aided out. the cutter, the tub and the stamper also well scalded. Take off all the outer leaves of the cabbages, halve them, remove the heart, and proceed with tho cutting. Lay some clean leaves at the bottom of the stand, sprinkle with a hamlful of salt, fill in half a bushel of cut cabbage, stamp gently until the juice just makes its appearance, then add another handful of salt, and so on until the stand is fnlL Cover over with cabbage leaves, Q i i i , "in I: ^1 MEATS AND VEOETABLKS. pliu'o on top a cli'im hoard fitliiij,' tlu' spaci^ jirctty wi'll, ami on top of tliali a stono wcif^'liiiii,' twclvo or fifteen lioniids. iSiaiiil away in a. cool place, and when lirrd freezing,' coMie.-i on reniovi* to thi^ eellar. It will ho reaily for use in from fonr to six week^i. 'I'lie eahhau't' Miionld he I'lit, toierahly coifse. 'i'hu Savoy variety makes tlu! hest nrtiele, imi, it i.s only lialf as jiroiluutivo as thu Drunihead and Fiat Dutch. How to Make and Keep Sausage.— To make faniil} sausau'e, I lie I rimmiii;,r,s and oiliei' lean and fat ])ortioiis of pork are used, takini; care that there is ahout twicu as nuu'h lean as I'al ; sonic consider it an improvement to add ahout one-sixth of tlio weight of lean heel'. As to season- ing;, that is a matter of taste. 'I'lii! majority of ]ieoplo nso salt, iiepper, and saiic only, some nsc only salt and jieppcr, while ol hers, in addition totlieahove, put in thyme, inaue, cloves and otlu'r s]iice3. 'J'liero is somethini,' repulsive aliout the intestint's or "skiii.s"nsed forstiitliiig sausafie, mid the majority preserve the meat in hulk, in cold wcnther it will kee[) for ii lonj; ti'ue, but if it is desired to presc'vo it heyoiid cold wcaliierit needs some care. Wo liavc found that muslin haijs, made of ii size to hold ii roll two and one-half or three ineln'S in diameter, keep the meat very satisfactorily. These hai^s, when tilled with sau.siigo meat, are dipped into melted lard, and hnuj<; up in a dry, cool place. For scasoniiiij, wo use to one hundred jiounds of meat forty ounces salt, and from eight to ten ounces of pepper. How to Keep Suet.— Snct may bo kept a year, thus: 1'ake the lii'i'iest and most free from skin or veins, remove all traces of these, ))ut the suet in the saucepan at some distance from the lire, and let it melt gradiudly; when melted, pour it into a pan of cold spring water; when liard, wipe it (Irv, fold it in white paper, jjut it in a linen bag, and keep it in a cool, dry place; when used, it must be Bcrajied, and it will makcun excellent crust with or without butter. How to Can Tomatoes.— The most thorough and reliable mode of canning tomatot,, is as follows: They are just sutliciently steamed, not cooked, to scald or loosen the skin, and are then poured upon tables and the skin re- moved, care being taken to preserve the tomato in as solid a state as possible. After being ptudcd, thev are ])laced in large jians, with false bottoms perforated w'ith holes, so as to strain olf the litiiiid that emanates from them. From these pans they are carefully placed by hand into the cans, which are filled as solidly as ]iossihlc — in otb'n' words, all aro put in that the cans will Jiold. They aro then put through the usual process, and hermetically sealed. The cans, when o]»ened for use, present the tomato not only like the natural vegetable in taste iind color, but also in appearance; and moreover, when thus sealed, they are warranted to keep in any climate, and when opened will taste as natural as when just plucked from the vine. How to Clarify Tallow.— Dissolve one pound of alum in one rpiart of water, add to this lOU poum's of tallow in a jacket kettle (a kettle set in a larger one, and the inter- vening space fdled with water; this prevents burning the tallow). Uoil three-rpiarters of fin hour and skim. Then add one pound of salt dissolved in a quart of water. Boil and skim. When well clarified the tallow should bo nearly the color of water. How to Harden Tallow.— We havo used the following mixture with success: To one pound of tallow take ono- foiirth of a pound common rosin; melt them together, and mold them the usual way. This will give a candle of superior lighting power, and as hard as a wax candle; a vast improvement upon the commou tallow candle in all respects except color. How to Make TomatoCatsup.— Take of perfectly ripe tomatoes 4 bushel; wa.sh them clean and break to pieces; then ])ut ovt'r the lire ami h't fliein come t(j a lioil, and re- move from the tire; w hen they ai'o Hiillicieiitly cool to allow your hands in them, nib through a wire sieve; and to what goi's through, add salt 5.' tea-cups; allspicoand cloves. grouiul, of each, 1 teaiiip; best vinegar 1 (piart. Put on to the lire again and cook one hoiii-, stirring with great care to avoid burning. ]5ollle and seal for use. If too thick when used imt in a little vinegar. If they wore very juicy thoy may need boiling over an hour. How to Keep Vegetables. — Sink a barrel two-thirds of its depth into the groiiirl (a box or cask will answer a better ])urpose); heap tlie earth around the ]iart jirojectitig out of the ground, with a slope on idl sides; place the vege- tables that y(ai desire to keep in the vessel; cover the top with a water-light cover; and when winter seta in, throw an armfid of straw, hay, or something of fhiit sort, on the barrel. If the bottom "is out of the cask or barrel, it will bo better. Cabbages, celerv, and other vegc-tahles, will keep in this way as fresh as when taken from the ground. The celery should stand nearly perpendieidar, celery and earth alternating. Freedom from frost, ease of access, and espe- cially freshness, and freedom from rot, aro the advantages claimed. How to Keep Yeast.— Ordinary boor yeast may bo kept fresh and fit for use for several months, by placing it in a closo canvas bag, and gently sipieczing out the moist- ure in a screw ])ress, tho remaininjK matter becomes as still as clay, in which state it nnist be preserved in close vessels. Yeast Cakes, or Preserved Yeast.— Put a largo handful of hops into two quarts of boiling water. Boil thioe large potatoes until they are tender. Mash them and add them to wo pounds of Hour. Pour tho boiling hot water over tlr. Hour through a sieve or colander, and beat it until it is quite smooth. While it is warm, add two tablcspoonfuls of salt, and half a teacupful of sugar. Be- fore it is quite cold, stir in a pint or more of good yeast. After the yeast has become quite light, stir in as much In- dian meal as it will take, roll it out in cakes, and place them on a cloth in si dry j'lace, taking oirc to turn them every day. At the end of a week or ten days they may bo j)ut into a bag and should bo kept in a dry place. ^Vhen used, take one of these cakes, soak it in some milk-warm water, mash ft smooth, and use it as any other kind of yeast. How to Make Cider Vinegar.— 1. The most profita- ble return from such a])ples as are made into cider is tho further transformation of the juico into vinegar. To do this, tho barrels should bo completely filled, so that all im- purities that "working" — fermenting — throws off will be ejected through tho bung-hole. This process should bo completed before the barrel is put in tho cellar', and when this is done, tho purified juico should bo drawn out of tho original cask and put into others where there is a small amount of old vinegar, which will anuiziugly hasten the de- sired result. If no vinegar can be obtained to " start " the cider, it must remain in a dry cellar six months, and per- haps a year (tho longer the better), before it will be fit for tho table. 2. Save all your apple parings and slice in with them all waste apples and other fruits; keep them in a cool place till yon get a pailful, then turn a la-go plate over them, on which alight weight should bo placed, and pour on boiling water till it comes to tho top. After they nave stood two or three days pour oil tho liquid, which will be as good eider as much tluit is offered for sale; strain and pour it into a cask or some other convenient vessel (anything that can be closely covered will do), and drop in a piece of " mother," or vinegar plant, procured of some one that has good MEATS AND Vi:aETAI,E8. viiii'^^iir. If Kct ill a wiirni pliioo, tlio viin'j,'iir will bo fit for iiso ill tiii'ctt or four wiu'kH, wlu'ii il chii lie dniwii oil' for MM', and tlio viMk liileil wilii v.'uh'V iiuulu from liiiKt to tiiric by Ibin |)roc('SH. 'J'lu> |)iiriiii,'.s HJioiild i)o nrcnscd coiiiiniijly into ii till) or pull, and only viilcr cnoii;;!! poured over to i'oni(» to tlicir Htirracc. otiicrwisc tlic cider would Ik! ho weak UH to re(|iiiro tluMiddil ion of nxplasserf, l?y lia\ iM;,Mwo casks, one lo contain tlio vine;,'ar already made, and llm oilier to nil iiilo from timo to time, one never need he willioiil, ;,'o(id vine^'ar. Th?. rinHin;;M of preserve kettles, KWcatnaat jai's, and from lioncy, also stale lu^or and oM cider, sliould all Ijc saved for tlio vinej^ar cask; only caution should ho used that there bo siillieieiit sweetness or body to whatever is poured in, or tlio viiiepir may dio from lack of Htitiij^th. 3. A barrel or ii cask of now Bwcet cider, buried so as to be well coverod with fresh earth, will turn to sharp, clear, delicious vinegar in three or four weeks, as good as over sought airmity with cabbage, pickles, or table sauce, and better than is possible to nuiko by any other process. How to Preserve Pickles.— The strongest vinegar must bo used for pickling; it inusliiot be boiled, or the strength of the vinegar and siiices will bo evaporated. By jmrboil- ing tlio pickles in brino they will bo ready i much less timo than they are when done in tlio usual manner, of soak- ing them in cold water for six or eiglit days. AVhen taken out of tlio hot brino, let them got cold and quite dry before you put them into tlio piokle. To assist the preservation of pickles, a portion of salt is added, and for the same purpose, and to give ilavor, long pepper, black pepper, allspice, ginger, cloves, mace, osclia- lots, mustard, liorse radish and capsicum. Tho following is the best method of preparing the pickle, as cheap as any, and requires less care than any other way: JJruise in a mortar four ounces of tlio above spices, put them into a stono jar with a quart of the strongest vinegar, Btoj) the jar closely with ti bung, cover that with u bladder soaked with pickle, set it on a trivet by the side of tho lire for tlirco drys, well shaking it up at least three times in the day; the jiicklo should bo at least three inches above the pickles. The jar being well closed, and tho infusion being made with a mild heat, there is no loss by evaporation. To onablo tho articles pickled more easily and speedily to imhibo the Ilavor of tho picklo tliev are immersed in, jirevioua to jiouriiig it on them, runalarding-piu through them in several places. Pickles should bo kept in a dry place in unglazed earth- enware or glass jars, which are preferable, as you can, with- out opening them, observe whether they want lilling up; they must bo carefully stojipcd with well-fitted bungs, and tied over as closely as jiossiblo with a bladder wetted with the pickle; and if it be jireserved a long timo after that is dryi it must bo dipped in bottle cement. When the jiickles are well used, boil up tho liquor with a little fresh sjiico. To walnut liquor may be added a few anchovies and escha- lots; let it stand till it is quite clear, and bottle it; thus you may furnish the talde with an excellent savory-keeping sauce for hashes, niado dishes, fish, etc., at very small cost. Jars should not be more than three parts filled wiuh tho articles jnckled, which should bo covered with picklo at least two inches above their surface; the liquor wastes, and all of tho articles pickled that are not covered are soon spoiled. When they have been done about a week, open the jars and fill them up with picklo. Tie a wooden spoon, full of holes, round ea»h jar, to take them out with. If you wish to have gherkins, etc., very green, this may be ciisilv iiceoniplislicd liy keeping tlii in in vinegar, siilll- cieiilly liot, till they become so. If you wish ciiiilillowers, oniims, etc., to be while, use distilled vinegar for them. To I'litirely ]ire\('nt the niiscliief arising from the action of the acid upon the metallii' utensils iisnally eniploycil to prepare pickles, the whole of the process is directed to bo jierrornied in nngla/.ed stone jars. How to Pickle Beets. --I'>oil your beets lilltindcr, but not cjuite s(jri. To four large beets, lioilthret^ ''r-'K** hard anil rcniovo the shells; wlieii the beets are done, take otf the skin by laving them for a few minutes in cold water, anr. Kiiclieiier says, that if vcgetahles arc )Mit into cold salt and water (a (|iiarter of ii ])oiiiid of tialt to iv (juart of water), anil trradnally heated to hoiliiig, it answers the eaiiie [piiriiose as letting theiTi lie some days in salt. Crab-Apple, Sweet, Pickled.— Boil tlie fruit in clear water iinlil ii hrconies ii little soft; then drain tlunioiiii large dish ; then to every poand of friiil add quo of siigiir, and liiiil hard until they are jn'eserved. To make the pickles', take one-half synip and one-lialf vinegar; till the jar with the preserves, and pour on t ho syrnp and vinegar ; add sjiiees to suit the tuste. Gherkins, Pickled. — Steep them in strong brines for a week, then pmir it oil', heat il to a Imiling point, and again juair it on tlie glurkins; in twenly-fonr liotiis drain the fruit on a sieve, put it into wide-iuoiithed hot ties or jars, till them up with strung pickling vinegar, boiling hot, Imng tlown immediately, and tie over with iv Madder. A\ hen cold, dill the corks into inelteil bottle wax. Spico is usually added to the liottles, or else steeped in the vinegar, Jn a similar way iiro pickled : onions, mushrooms, cu- oiimhers, waliuits, Haiuiihiivs, green gooseberries, ciUili- flowcrs, nuliiiis, barheriies, peaches, lemons, tonuitoes, beans, radi.-h pods, codlins, red calibago (without salt aiul with cold vinegar), beet-root (without salt), garlic, peas, etc., etc.; observing that the softer aiul more delicate articles do not re(piire so long snaking in brine as the harder and coarser kinds, and may be often ailvantagcously jiickleil by simply jiouiMng very strong pickling vinegar over them, without applying heat, Green-Ging-er, Pickled.— (lean and slice the ginger ; spriiiKle with salt; let it remain a few hours; then put; it into a jar or bottle, and pour boiling vinegar over it; cork it up when cool. Limes, Pickled. — They shouM he sm.all, and with tliin rinds. lUih them with jiicces of flannel, tlK'ii slit them lialf down in four ring the syrup to a boil, and pciur hot over them; repeat the process f(jr three days, or until they are shrunk on tlu? ]iit. After the last scald they should be well covered and put away in a very cool cellar until cold weather sets in. i'hey will bo ready to use, however, in ii few days after they are pickled. How to Color Pickles Green. — A beautiful green color, entirely destitute of any poisonous qualities, may bo made by dissolving live grains of salfron in one-fmirth oune(! distilled water; and in another vessel dissolving four grains of indigo carmine in one-half ounei! distilled wati'r. After shaking each tip thoroughly they are allowed tostand for twenty-four hours, and on being mixed together at the ex]iiration of that time, a line green solution is obtained, capable of colering five pounds of sugar. How to Pickie Peppers.— Soak fresh, hard peppers in salt and water for nine days, in a warm place, changing the brine everyday; then ]iu't tlicin incold vinegar. Iftlie pickles are not re(iV.:red very hot, take out the seeds from the greater porticjii of the peppers. How to Pickle Sweet Plums.— Take seven pounds of fruit, put them in a jar with threi! ami one-half pounds of sugar, one quart best; vinegar, two ounces stick cinnamon, two ounces cloves; the whole boiled together and thrown over the fruit three days. How to Pickle Roots.— Roots, such as carrots, salsify and beet-root, may be jiickled by being .sliced, or cut into small ])ieces; ixnd -slightly boiled in vinegar without destroy- ing their crispness, and" adding the common sijiccs; with beet-root, put button onions, or cut some Spanish onion.s in slices, lay them alternately in a jar; boil one quarl '" § tO MKAT8 AND VEOKTAIILEa. la vinopnr witli ono ounce of mixed popnor, Imlf iin onnro of giti^or, and hoiuo nult, tiiul pour it cold ovur thu bout-root and onioiia. How to make Sweet Pickles.— For picklinp all kinds of fruit to keep j,'o(i(l till' \i;ii' loiiiiil, tliu follmvin;^ rulu U snfo: 'I'd threo pdiiiuirt of isii;,'ar addotm pint of f;ood vinc- pir, Hpici'M to your tasto; lioil it tii;,'t'tii('r, then lut it cool; till tiiu jars with clean anil Noninl I'liiil, sni'li as ])ca(;lii'M, pears, plums, cherries ami jfiapivi (eaeli kind in a neparato lar); then, when tli(! vinej;ar is i imiI, put it on tho fruit; lot is stand all ni},'hl, then tarn olf tho liiiuor, and lioil it down a littlo; then let it cnol, and (Miur it in tho jar<; cover them iiieely, and put tliern ill a cool plaic. If, in timo you discover a while Hcinn on tho top, skim it olT, turn ol! tho vinegar, add a littlo su^ar, and hoil it; when cool, pour it on tho fruit uyain, and you will havo a de- lightful pieklo. For ]ieaeh niangooa, these are excellent. Tako sound, ripe, fre(!-stone peaches; wipo olf tho fnr; split them open; tako out tho pits; havo ready some lino chopped tomatoes, cahiiage, horse-radish, and nuistard-s((ed; till tho vacancy in th(! peach; then place them together, and tie them witn a string; till your jars with pi'cpared vinegar. How to Pickle Tomatoes. -Always use thoqo whicli are thiironghly ripe. 'I'iio small, ronml onesare decidedly the hesl. Do not priek them, as most reeipedxioks direct. Let them li(! in strong hrino three or four days, then put ihein down in layers in your jars, mixing with them small oiuons and |iieces of horse-radish; then pour on tho vinegar (c'dd), which should ho tirst spiced as for peppi'rs; let there he a fipice-hag to throw into every pot. Cuver them carefully, and set them liy in a cellar for a fidl month before using. How to Pickle Green Tomatoes.— To one jieck of tomatoes add a handful of salt, and t'uough water to cover them. Let them renniin in this twenty-four hours. I'ut them in a kettle (porcelain-lined is the hest), till up with vincgai', and set upon the stove until tho vinegar begins to boil, then set away to cool. When cold, set tlio kettle a:rain uiion the stove, and bring it to the boiling point. Then skim the tonuitoes, and put them into a jar; till up with some new, coM vinegar, and llavor with mustard- seed, alls))ice, cloves, etc. The .'!amo viuogar first used will do to scald more to- matoes in. Hints on Preserving'. — A very common discovery made by those who pi'eservo fruits, etc., is, that tho pre- serve either ferments, grows moldy, or becomes candied. These threo elleets arise from three separate causes. Tlio first from insuflieient boiling; the second from being ke[)t in a damp place, assisted in some degree by tho tirst cause; and the third from being two quick and too long in boiling. Preserves of all kinds should bo kept entirely secluded from the air, and in a dry place. In ranging them on the shelves of a store-closet, they should not be sulTered to come in contact with tho wall. Moisture in winter and spring exudes from some of tho driest walls, and preserves invariably imbibe it, both in damjiness and taste. It is necessary occasionally to look at them, and if they have been attacked by mold boil them up gently again. To ))aper over the frui prevent all risks it is alwavs as well to lay a brandy lit before tying down. This may be re- newed in tho spring. Fruit jellies are made in the ratio of a quart of fruit to two pounds of sugar. They must not be boiled quick, nor very long. Practice, and a general discretion, will be found the best guide to regulate tho e.xaet time, which must necessarily be affected, more or less, by local causes. How to Preserve Fruits without Self-Sealing Cans. — Prepare a eeniiwit of one ounce resin, ono ounce gum shellacs and a cubic inch of beeswax; put them in a tin cup and melt slowly; too high or too ([uick heat may cause it to Bi^oreh. PhuHi the jars where 'hey will become warm while th« fruit is cookii.g. If th.'y aro gradually heated there is no danger of breaking. As soon as the fruit is thoroughly heated, and while boiling hot, till tln^ jars full, letting tho juico cover tho fruit entirely, llavu ready some circular jiieees of stout, thick Cotton or linen cloth, and spread over with ciMiient a piece sullicient to cover the inoiith and rim uf the iur. \Vipo tho rim iierleclly dry, aiul apniy tho cloth wiiilo warm, putting tho ceinent side down, bring tho cover over the rim, and secure it lirmly with a string; then spread a coining of ceinent over the upper surface. As tho contents ol' ino jar cool, tho pressure of the air will depress the cov- er, and give positive [iroof that all is .'^afe. How to Preserve Small Fruits Without Cooking*. — SlrawherricH, riisplieiries, blackberries, cherries and poaches can bo preserved in this inaniu'r: Lay tho ripo fruit in broaddislies, andsprinkloover it thesaineciiiantity of sugar used in cooking it. Set it in thesiin, or anioder- ately heated oven, until tln^ juice forms a thick syni]) with the sugar. Pack tho fruit in tumhlers, and pourthesvrup over it. Paste writing paper over tho glasses, and set iliemina cool, dry place. Peaches must bo pared and split, and cherries stoiieil. Preserved in this manner, tho fiiiit retains iniich more of its natural llavor and healthful- ness than when cooked. How to Preserve Fruits without Sugar or Vine- gar. — Pick tlu^ fruit fiuin tho stalks; put tliem into tho bottles. Put one drachm of alum into four gallons of lioiling water; let it stand till it is ounds of tho best brown sugar; put a tea-cuii of water to each ]inund. When it i.> dissolved set itovertlu> tire; and when boiling hot j>nt in the fruit and li't it boil gently uiitil it is clear and the syrup thick; take the fruit will a skimmer on to flat dishes; spread it to cool; then ]mt it in pots or jars and pour the jelly over. Leinons boilei' tender in water and sliced thin may be boiled with the apples. How to Preserve Crab Apples.— Take off the stoma and core them with a sharp knil'o without cutting them oi)en; weigh a pound of white sugar for each pound of apples; j)iit a tea-etip of water to each ]iound of sugar, and then put it over a slow fire. Wlien the sugar is dissolved iind hot put tho apples in; let them boil gently until they are clear, then skim them, cut and spread them on flat dishes. Boil the syrup until it is thick; put tlio syrup in whatever i: I fi MEATS AND VEOETAIILKH. tlii'V arc to lie kept, ami vvlicti tlio Hyriip in poM iiiul Hclllnl, iKiiii' it cnrcl'iilly over tlic fruit. .Slices nf li'iiitui lioiicil with till' fniit is to Miiiio all iiiipi'DVciiii'iit; oiki li'innii is Hiilliiiiiit for Ht'vcral ihiiiikIs of fruit. Criil) iippN'S iiiiiy lio pi-c.-t'iv('il wIk/Ih wiiii lliii r-(|iiiirU'iN of an imli of hIciii on, tiu'ii'-ipiiirtriM of ii piiiiinl of .-iii.Mr for ciii'li poiiiiil of fruit. How to Preserve Whole Apr jots.— 'I'iilvotiiolai^'ist, ami fli'.iiit'st upi'ii'olH to lii' ;;ol ; pick out tlio hIohum wiiii ii nilvcr wkcwcr, or slit tlicm down llio sides willi ii nilvcr knife; t;ik(! iieiirly their wci;.'lit in f,'oo(l lump nu;,'ar; diii ("ich lump in wulerand put over tho lire; let it just lioil; Hkim and put hy till cold; then pmir it over lluf fruit in the preJcrvini^-can, w.iriii very fjcntly and only allow tlicrn to Hiinmer; then put tlicni livtill next day, uimI warm them a^'ain; conliiiiiiiij; this t ill they look clear; then take tlu' fruit from the syrup. 'I'he latter must iiow he well boilud and skimmed, and when i oM pound over tho fruit. How to Preserve Citron Melon.— I'aro, core and cut into slices some lino citron melons. Wciu'li tlietn. 'i'o kIx pounds of nu'loii alhiw six poumis of reline(l 8Ui;ar, the juice and {,'rated rind of four lar;.'n lemons, and ,i ipiarler pound of root f:in;,'er. Boil tho kMccs of melon half an lioiir or more, till thev look ipiiie dear and am ko tender that 11 broom wtraw will iiicrco them. 'J'heii drain them, lay them in a pan of eohl water, cover them, and let thcin Btaiid all night. In tho inorniii;; tio tho root gin^or in ii thin muslin cloth, and hoil it in threo ])intd of dear water till tho water is liij;!'!} Ilavored; tako out tho hag of ^'inger and ]ioiir tho water over tho jiieees of Biigar, whiidi is jire- vioiisly broken and put in a preserving kettle. When tho Hiigai' is melted, set it over tlio lire, ])iit in tho grated jicel of tho lemons and boil and ^(kiln it till no moro Kciim rises. Then put in tho wlicod citrons and tho jiiico of tho lemons; boil them in tho .syrup till all tho slices iiro qiiito transpar- ent, and KG Koft tliiit a straw vill cro through them, but do not break them. When dono put tho slices, still warm, into jars, and gently pour over tho syrup. This will bo foiiii(l delicious. How to Preserve Cucumbers to Imitate Glngfer. — Take Hinall cucumbers, with llowers and stalks on them, and some largo ones gathered dry; jiiit them in a stono jar with salt and water enough to cover them; then juit cab- bug'j leaves on tho top to cover them close, and set them in tho chimney c. rner for a fortnight, until they aro turneil yellow; then drain tho water away and throw away tho cab- bago leaves, which will smell very strong, almost to putre- faction; split tho largo ones, take out tho seed, juit them in an earthen pipkin over tho firo with weak salt and water; cover thciii close, and let them green gently for ten hours, when they will look a liltio green, and are very clean; take them olf the lire and drain them, and jnit them into cold water, shifting them twice a day for two days; then drain 'hem and dry them in a lino cloth. Have ready a thin syru / with a good deal of whole ginger boiled in it, and some I uion peel; when it is cold juit it on tho cucum- ber. Boil lip tho syrup every day for a fortnight, and when it is cold pour it on as before. Tie them down with a bladder, and a leather and a paper under it, and keep them in a cool, liry j)':ice. A jiint of water to a pound of sugar is a good proportion for tho syrup. How to Preserve Whole Seville Oranges.— Cut a holo at tho .stem eiul of the oranges ihe size of a half dime, take out all the ])ulj), jiut tho oranges into cold water for two days, changing it twice a day; boil them rather more than an hour, but do not cover them, as it will spoil the color; have ready a good syrup, into which put the oranges, and boil them tiil they hxtk clear; then take out the seeds, skins, etc., from the pulp first taken out of tho oranges, and add to it one of the whole oranges previously boiled, with an equal weight of sugar to it and the pulp; iw (Ire, iind, aile, and put boil tliix together till it looks clear over a when cold, nil tho oranges with this marmal on tho lops; ('o\er them with Nvriip, ami jiiit brandy paper en the top of the jar. It is better to take out the iiiNido at llrst, to preserve the lino llavor of the juice and pulp, which Would be irjiired by boiling in the water. How to Preserve Grapes In Bunches.— 'lake out the stones from the grapes with a pin, breaking them as lillle as possiitle; boil t'onuM'l.-vrilied Hiigar nearly to candy hi'ight; then put in Hullicicnt grapes to co\er the bolloin of the pri'serving-paii, without luwiig them on eaili other, and boil for live iniiiulcs, nii'rely to <'\traet all t he juice; l\y them in an earthen pan, awd ]iour the t^\ nip over I hem; cover «illi paper, and tho next day boil the syrup, skim- ming it well for live minutes; |iiit in the grapes, let I hem boil a miiiiite or two; iiiit them in ]iots, and pour tho syrup over them, after w hich tio down. How to Preserve Imitation of Glng-er.— Moil, as if for the tahh', small, tender, white carrots; scrape them until free from all spots, and take (uit the hearts. Steeji them in spring witter, changing it every day, until ail vegetable llavor has left them. To every pound of <'arro'a so prepared add oim (piart of water, two jioumls of loaf sugar, two ounces of whole ginger, and a rind of lemon shred tine. Uoil for a (piarter (jf an hour every day, until t!ie carrots clear, and wlii^ti nearly done, add reil pe]ii)er to taste. This ivill bo found a good imitation of Wt'nt Indian lu'csorved ginger. How to Preserve Melon like Ginger.- When tho melon is nearly ripe, pare it thin, and cut it into jiieces about tho size of ginger; cover it with salt water, (dianging everyday for threo days; then jmt in clear spring water, changing it twice a day for threedaya. Then make a thin syrup, and boil it together with the inelon oneo a day for threo davs; next make a thicksyrup, aiblingthe rind ofono or tmu'o "lemons, according to the (piantity of melon, cut into narrow strips, and tho juieo squeezed in; then add some best white ginger, with t'lio outside cut off, so as to mako the syrup strong of the ginger. This should be boiled, and when cold put to tho nielui. How to Preserve Currants.— Tak. ripo currants, free from stems; weigh them, and take the same weight of sugar; put a tea-cup of sugar to each pound of it; boil tho syrup until it is hot and clear; then turn it over tho fruit; let it remain one night; then set it over tho lire and boil gently, until they aro cooked ami clear; take them into the jars or ]iots wiih askimmer; boil the syrup until rich and thick; then jiour it over tho fruit. Currants may be jire- served with ten jiouiuls of fruit to seven of sugar, 'iako tho stems from seven jiounds of ,ho currants, and crush and press the jiii.e from the remaining three pounds; put them into the hot syrup and boil until thick and rich; put it in pots or jars, and the next day secure as direete i\ ki'ttlo (if ciild wiiirr mill Ki't it nvrr tJHi liro for itii Imur, llicti tal it out, H< t to iMTonid colli, liruiii tlid jiiii'x oif, Imil it until it \h tliii'k, llii'n iioiir it ovor tlio 11111111.-; wiicn coll, mvit an (liri'clril fur jirc-ii rvcM. How to Preserve Dewberries. —Pick your licrricM Mirly in tint iiiornin^', wci^^'li thctn, thun ti|in'iii| tlictu 011 iliflic.H, Hpi'inkld tlicni witli Hiipir in tlic (liic |ii'oportiou uh- hI tncil tlictu ([louud for |ioiin(l). When the jiiico Hcttlct from tlicni in thti dishes, jxuir it olf, and with it tiioistcii llu! reiniiiiidcr of tlio Hnj,'iir; Hiuitucr tliin over 11 hIow lire, iind, whilo HiniiiH-rin);, droj) in a purlioii of the iicrricH; let tlictu iiecotiKi clear, iiliil return tliciil to the dishcH to cool, while tlio reuiiiiuder takcK their place in the k"tt'('. Wlicn all aro dear, uinl the nvnip lioilcd down to 11 rii'li cotisint- eiicy, pour it over theiu, uiid wiiun cool cih)u;;Ii, triiUHfer lluuu to j^las.s jarn. How to Preserve Greeng'ag-es.— Select wdl-Krown jjrceii;;a;;e.s, hut not the least ripe; luick them with a fork to tlu) tttoiic, and an mum iis prickeil, put theiii in watcT iit u jircseiN iii;;-pati. Wlieii they aro all done, juit tliciii over H hIow tiro to Hitiinicr very ff^'iit'y, bo um to iiiako tlictu ten- der without breakiiif,'; try tlieiu with afork,iiiid when ten- der to tlio Rtotic, iiiit tliciii in cold water, and a.s nouio will get HO ft heforo other) they iniist !.o watched carefully; let tlietii liu in water ii day and a uigiit; strain tliein, uiul when well drained, put thctn in an earthen jjaii, and jiour over them Bottio boiliiif,' hot clarified Bupir Bufliciciit to cover tlietii; jiiit 11 ;>aper over them; tlio next tlay jimir olT tlio flynii) and hoil it; if three qiiart.^ (.r thereal)0ut.^, hoU fur ten niinutoH, then jioiir it over tho fruit, ami again hiy *lio paper over them. Hoil tlio Byriip every other duy in the Hutno mauncr until it is about tlio coimiKtenco of cream (in flvo or six boiliti),'.!). If tho syrup shrinkfl, so an not to krep tho Iniit well covered, add a fresh supply. Whilo Imiliiif; tho Byrup tho third time, put tho greengages in, and let them sittimcr gently for a short time, vliich will bring them greiui; and tho lust time of boiling tli^: syrup, let them simmer u little in it. How to Preserve Gooseberries.— Take full-gro-.' n gooseberries before they are ripe, pi(;k them and put them in wide-niontlied bottles; cork them gently with new, soft corks, and i)ut them in an oven from which tho hrcail has been drawn; iet them sttind till they have shrunk iiearlv a quarter, then take them out and beat tho corks in tiglit; cut them off level with tho bottle and resin tiiem down close. Keep in a dry place. How to Preserve Grapes In Vinegrar.— Grapes aro preserved in vinegar by tho Persians after tho following fashion : Tho grapes aro gathered when halt ripe, and put into bottles half filled with vinegar, which so macerates them that they lo.se their hardness, and yet do not become too soft. Tho grapes have a sweet acid taste, which is not unpalatable, and is especially refreshing during tho gnat heats. How to Preserve Huckleberries.— Tho huckleber- ries may bo easily kept fur winter u.so by putting them in bottles or cans, withoutaddiuganythingtothem,aiMl without cooking. Tho moutlis of tho cans should bo tightly closed, and the cans should bo buried mouth downward, in a bo.x of sand. When taken out of tho sand for uso in the winter tho color of tho berries is slightly changed, but tho shajio and flavor is preserved in perfection. They make excel- knt pies. How to Preserve Green Ginjfer.- Scrapo and clean your green ginger well; to each pound of green ginger put a pint and a half of water ; boil it down on.. -third ; skim carefnlly while boiling, then strain off tho liquid; add a pound of ! lour pounds of sugar, boil the parings in as much water lis will cover them, strain it through tho colander, lay some pears in tho bottom of your kettle, ]uit in somo sugar, and so on, alternately, tiien pour tho liauor off tho jicar-skins over, boil them until they begin to look transparent, then take them out, let tho juice cool, and clarify it; put tho pears in again, and add somo ginger, ])re[iarc(l ua in the above recipe; boil till done; let tlie liquor boil after taking them out, until it is reduced to a syrup. How to Preserve Pine-Apple. — Chooso ripe but sound ones, ami cut them iu slices about an inch in thick- ness, and cut off the rind. Weigh tho slices, and to every two pounds of fruit put one pound and tlireo quarters of sifted wliito sugar. Boil them together in u preserving- pan for thirty niitiutes, and if tho slices are tender, take them out carefully with a wooden spoon, and place tliem on a wooden dish; boil tho syrup for a short time longer, and then pour it over tho slices of jiine-apple. This proc- ess must 1)0 repeated for three successive days, after which tho preserves may bo put into Jars and covered. How to Preserve Purple Plums.— Make a syrup of clean brown sugar; clarify it as directed in these recipes; when perfectly clear and boiling hot, pour it over tho phiuis, having picked out all unsound ones and stems; let them remain in tho syrup two days, then drain it off; make it boiling hot, skim it, aiul pour it over again; lot them remain another day or two, then put them in a preserving kcttlo over the fire, and simmer gently until the syrup is i i' " 1 i I i , m MEATS AND VEQETABLEa. reduced, and thick or rch. One pound oi sugar for ciieli pound of plums. Small damsons arc very fini', jircscrvcd tis cherrii's or any otlier ripe fruit; clarify the Byrup, ami when boiling hot put in the plums; let thcin boil very rrently until they are cooked, and tlie syrup rieli. Put tluiuin pots or jars; the next day seeurc as directed. How to Preserve Peaches. — Take the peaches wnen ripe, pure thein, and if y./U de>ire to jtreservo th'iu whole, tlirowthcni intocoKl waterasyou ])arotlieiu, toiisto prevent thetn losing color. When you have everything ready, place the ])ea(!hes in a can, adding as much sugar to each layer as will make them palatable. Then -et the can in a vessel containing hot water, ami allow it to remain in boiling water until the fruit becomes heated through. This will rei|iiifo, if a quart can be used, from twenty to thirty miu- ute<. When heated sufticiently, seal at once by heating tlie <()vor and pressing it at onee firmly into jjlacc, and al- lowiiii,' a Weight suilicient to keep down th.e cover to rein:iiii upon it uiitil the cement hardens. 'J'ho proper teiiiiierature of the lid is easily and conveniently ascer- tained I'Y jtutting a piece of resin, about the size of a small ])e:i, on •> cover when it is put on the stove; as soon as the refill melts, the cover is ready to juit in ])lace. This J fei'aiition is necessary, as the solder with, which the parts of the lid are joined together easily melts. It is not ab- solutely necessary to use sugar in this jiroc^ss, but as it assists in the preservation of the fruit, they can bo sealed at a lower temperature than if not nsed. As sugar is used to render the fruits palatable, there can ho no objection to using it when preparing the fruit for family use, as it will, in any ca-^e, be nei-essary, and there is no reason why the sugar should not be used iK'fore the can is sealed. if si>tt peaches are preferix-d, they should be cut up as if intended to bo eaten with cream, and must not be jilaced ill water. When ready, t)>ey should be put in cans and heated as describi-d above. It is not necessary to heat them in the can, but a larger quuntitv may be more con- veniently heated together and ])ut into the cans or jars while hot and sealed. A flat stewpan, lined with porce- lain, will be found well adapted to tliis purpose. It must not, of course, be ])lacitl direetlv over the tire, but in a vessel of water which is set directly on the lire. JJy this means soft i)eaches may reaeaeh. A most delicious dessert may thus be secured much n/ore readily ami at less expense, and much more palatable than the ordimiry ])reserve. This method of (.reserving f.esh peaches has been fully tested and may be reliei! ujion. Quinces, Preserved, Whole "^p Half.— Into two qiuirts of b. To every pint of pijipin jelly, put one pound of the finest sugar; boil it and skim it clear. J'lit those quinces that are to be done wh"le into the syrup at once, and let it boil very fust; ami those that are to be in halves by themselves; skim it, and when the fruit is dear, juit some of the syrup into a glass to try whether it jellies, before taking it olf the lire. The qu.iatity of quinces is to bo one pound of sugar and one {wuud of jelly, already boiled with the sugar. Rhubarb. Preserved. — Cnt without peeling or split- ting, six pounds of ordiiiary-sizeil rhubarb into pieces aljout an inch long; put it in with the rind ol a lemon, into the stewpan, in which nuist be about a tablespoonful of water to licep it from burning; let it boil till tender, then, with a strainer, take out the fruit, and add to the juice five pounds of sugar; boil this forty minutes, then again put in the fruit and boil ten minm**. Txiis is a delicious serve. Raspberries, Preserved. — Theae may be preserved wet, bottled, or maib; jira or Mxaniialade of, the same as strawberries. liuspberrir^! anc- vi-jy good d ried in the suu or in a warm oven. Thej are reiy delicious stewed for table or tarts. Strawberries, Preserved^ — Use ripe strawberries, but not soft. Mtike :i. - .- ,_ ■ t ' : •- ]".nijd of sugar to a pound of berries. Miig:u* i;....i.i i* douMe-retined (though retincd sugar will anawer), as it mak*-? the ])reserves have a more brilliant color than simjAv refined sugar. To each l)ound of sugar put a teai-onp of wralfr; set it over a gentle lire and stir it until totaiij dimtAred. Wijon boiling hot l)ut in the fruit, h a vioj^ picked off every hull and imper- fect berry; then boil very genllj in » cTer with several papers wet with sf.gar boiled to candy: «* tbem in a cool, airj' jilace. Strawberries keep perfectly v^hll made with R^ven pounds of sugar to ten of frnit. Tte*j should be done as di- rected aliove, and the syrnp CfifAim quit* thick. A pint of red currant juice and a ihokuhJ t..f sugar lor it to three pounds of strawberries, niAki? tEae syrup very beautiful. Tomatoes, Preserved- — ScaJd the tomatoes, take o£E the skins. Weiu'h the tomato**, which must be full grown and ripe. Allow to every two p/unds of the best brown sugar, a largo spoonful of grontwi ginger, and the juice and rind of one large lemon. MEi tine tomatoes and sugar and white of one egg tugether. i:. ! iLit in a porcelain kettle. Boil slowly till the scnm I - ipjx-tar; then add gradu- ally the juice and gratr:-: ;- . :£ the I'^mons, and boil slowly for an hour or more, llrc' tioma-toes must all have burst by this time. When doEfe lakt them oH, and when cool put them in jars. Walnuts, Preserved. — PSctw jrmr nnts several times with a fork, and boil them in. •a-av.r uutii they begin to bo tender; take them out; of " ^ -. and when cold make a hole through every one w. :. :-,y large bodkin, and in- troduce a piece of candieii krnowjn tyr citron. Make a syrup of brown sugar and a little wai!«-r (the sugar to the weight of your nuts), and boil your nana well until the sugar has penetrated to the center: then put them into preserving pots, tilling them with a thick srnip, and tie them up like jellies. Peaches, Canned, by the Cold Process.— Pare and halve the peaches. Pack ih^-rr. ii tj'.i»eJy as possible in : can without any sugar. Wh-r. z'r.v can is full, ]»our in sux- licient cold water to fill peaches, and reach the to. enou'di for the water to .^. ■; hours — then pour in wat> :• Seal up the can, and all i- way retain all their fresii: bo enough water in th'-m ry. ferred, a cold syrup ce.uid i but the peaches taste most; r Fruit, in Brandy.— f^^' crevices between the ■nn. Let it stand long :':e crevices — say five •. .hut has sunk away. :-es preserved in this ' -T. There will not m jnsijfid. If pre- - -:ead of pure water, v.: .'.out any sweetening. it Ufure it is quite rij)e; jirick them with a p:.. .. :- . - .•: ]>utthem into a stewpan of fresh spring w . ■ w them gently until you can })ass a pin with f.- . st.one of the fruit, when take them from the fii.:. .,•..: ; them to 'irain on a sieve. Whilst draining, prepa.--. i, =;-■ up, which, when the ^' i i !■ I* i t» yo MEATS AND VEGETABLES. fniit 13 nicely arranged in a tnrcen, shouM be thrown on it boiling hot, and so left for twenty-four hours, when the fruit is again put to a drain, and tiie syru]) boiled for one hour, and jjonred l>o''iug Imt all over the fruit once more. On the third day arrange tiie fruit in the preserving jiots, ami Ixjil the synij) to a iiroj)er consisteney : when cool mix it with brandy, in the ]proj>orti'jii of two-thirds syrup to one-third bmndy. i;nd pour it over the fruit. How to Bottle Fruit.— Cherries, strawberries, Bcliced pineappli .-. piMu-, aprieots, gooseberries, ete., may be preserved in tliu following manner, to be used as fresli fruit : Gather the fniit before it is very ripe : put it in wide mout lied )»ottles made for the purpose; fill tliein as full as thevwill hold, and cork them tight ; seal tiie corks ; put some iiay in a large saueepan ; set in the bettles with hay !>etween them to ]irevent their touching ; the!i fill the saucepan with water to the necks of the bottles, and set it on the fire until the water is nearly boiling, then take it off ; let it stand until the bottles are cold ; then keej) thoni in a cool place until wanted, when the fruit will be found equal to fresh. How to Keep Fruit Fresli in Jars.— We advise the use of silf-sealiiig gla^s jars. I'ut the fruit in a porcelain- lined preserving kettle, sufficient to fill four quart jars ; sprinkle on sugar, one-half jiound, place over a slow tire and heat through, not boiled. While the fruit is being heated, keep the jars filled with moderately hot water. As soon as the fruit is rcaily, empty the water from the ^'arg, fill to the brim with fruit, and seal immediad^iy. As it cckjIs a vacuum is formed, which prevents bursting. In this way every kind of fruit will retain its flavor. .Some- times a thick, leathery mold forms on the top — if so all the better. The plan of keei)iiig the jars full of hot water is merely to prevent tlie danger of cracking when the hot fruit is insertc'.. Some prefer to set thf bottles full of cool water in a Iwiler of water, ami heating all together gradually • but the other way is much oimpler and equally effective. Jam. — Let the jam be drawn on a dry day ; wipe the fruic dean, but do not wasli it ; jicel oil' liio skin anil coarse fibres, and slice tlie fruit tliin. To each pound thu-> prepared allow a pound of fine sugar in fine jiowder ; put the fruit in a jian, and stew a <|U:irter of the sugar amongst it and over it; let it stand until tlie sugar is dis- solved, when 1^(11 it slowly to a sniootli pulp ; take it from the fire, and stir in the remainder of the sugar by degrees; when it is dissolved, boil the preserve (piii.'kly until it be- comes very thick, and leaves the bottom of the pan visible when stirre a (luiintity suflicient to till, with juice, the cask in wliioli you propose to nmko the wine. Have the utensils, etc., ri'ouirt'il in the process nil ready before you pick — (.r at least bi'foro you mash your berries. Everything must bo serupulonsly clean. You want a keg, a beater of seasoned hard wood, a jiail, a largo l)owl, tureen or other vessel into wliieh to strain your juiee, a good thick strainer — two or tliree folds of line white llannel is the best material — a couple of yards of (' naburgs, a spare tub or a bucket or two, and a tub of soft spring water. Everything must be perfectly clean and free from dirt or odor of any kind. Crush Iho berries thorouglily with the beater, and then after straining tlio lifjuor, wliieli runs freely from the pulp through tiio folded llannel, empty it into the cask, nu'as- nriug it as you put it in. AVhen the juice lias been all drained fromthe pmlp, you proceed to jjress the pulp dry. If tiie (puintity is large]! this had best be done by a regular press, but if only a few gallons are wanted, the Osnaburg answers very well. Stretch out the Osnaburg, put a gal- lon or a gallon and a half of the pulp into the center, fold the cloth over it on each side, and let ii strong hand at cither end twist the cloth with all their strength; when the juice is well pressed out, remove and lay aside the cake of pomace, and jiut in more pulp. This process is apparently rough, but is both rapid and elTectual. The juice so ex- tracted is strained and measured into the cask as before mentioned. The llannel strainer and the Osnaburg may need rinsing occasionally during the work. When all the pulp is pressed, put the hard cakes of pomace taken from the cloth into a tub, aiul pour upon them a little more soft spring water than you have clear juice ; break up the balls and wash them thoroughly in the water, so as to obtain all the juice left in the mass, and then strain it clear; measure out as many gal'ons of this water as you have of clear juice, say five gallons of the water to five gallons of the juice, dissolve in each gallon of the water six pounds of sugar (brown or white, as you want common or lirst-rato wine), and when thoroughly dissolved, add the juice (first passing it again through the strainer), and mix them. Then rinse out your cask, put it where it can stand undisturbed in a cellar ; fill it jier- fectly full of the mixture, and lay a cloth loosely over the bung-holo. In two or three days fermentation will com- mence, and the impurities run over at the bung ; look at it every day, and if it does not run over, with some of the mixture which you have reserved in another vessel, fill it up to the bung. In about three weeks fermentation will have ceased, and the wine be still ; fill it again, drivein the bung tight, nail a tin over it, and let it remain nndisturbcd until the following Xovember, or what is better, March. Then draw it oil, without shaking the cask, put it into bottles 0. demijohns, cork tightly and seal over. For a ten-gallon cask, you will need about 4J'j gallons of juice, 4J J gallons of water, ami Sfi jiounds of sugar, and in the same proportion forl.irger or smaller qtumtities. Some persons add spirit to the wiuc, but instead of doing good, it IS only an injury. Another process is, after po'iring in the mixture for a ten-gallon cask, to beat up the whites of two or three eggs into a froth, put theiu into the cask, and with a long stick mix them thoroughly with the wine. In five or six days, draw tho now clarified wine off by a spigot, aiul without ehaking tho cask at all, into a clean cask, bungujj and tin, to be (Irawn oil into glass in November or .March. The more carefully your juice is strained, tho hotter tho quality of sugar, and tho more scrnptdously clean your utensils, jiarticularly your kegs are, tho jyurer and better will be your wine. II r- The best quality, when you gather your own fruit, and make it yourself, costs you oidy the price of the white su- gar, and when bottled will cost "you in money about twelve and a half cents a bottle. How to Make Currant Wine.— The currants should be fully ripe when i)i<,-ked; put them into a large tub, in which they should renuiin a day or two; then crush with tho hands, unless you have a snudl patent wine press, in which they should not bo pressed too much, or the stems will be bruised, and impart a disagreeable taste to the juice. If tho haiuls are used, put tho crushed fruit, after the juice is poured off, in a cloth or sack and press out the remaining juice. Put the juice back into tho tub after cleansing it, where it should remain about three days, until the first stages of fermentation are over, and removing once or twice a day tho scum copiously arising to the top. Then put the juice in a vessel — a demijohn, keg, or barrel — of a size to suit tho quantity made, and to each quart add 3 lbs. of the best yellow sugar, and soft water sutficient to make a gallon . Thus, ten quarts of juice and 30 lbs. of sugar will give you 10 gallons of wine, and soon in proportion. Those who do not like sweet wine can reduce the quantity of sugar to two and a half, or who wish it very sweet, raise to three and a half pounds per gallon. The vessel must be full, and the bung or stopper left off until fermentation ceases, which will be in 13 or 15 days: Meanwhile, the cask must be filled up daily with currant juice left over, as fermentation throws out the impure mat- tor. When fermentation ceases, rack the wine ot! carefully, either from the spigot or by a syphon, and keep running all the time. Cleanse the cask thoroughly with boiling water, then return tho wine, bung up tightly, and lot it stand 4 or 5 months, when it will be fit to drink, and can be bottled if desired. All tho vessels, casks, etc., should be perfectly pweci , and the whole operation should be done with an eye to cleanli- ness. In such event, every drop of brandy or other spir- ituous liquors added will detract from the flavor of the wine, and will not, in the least degree, increase its keeping quali- ties. Currant wine made in this way will keep for an age. How to Make Gooseberry Wine.— Pick and bruise the gooseberries, and to every pound put a quart of cold spring water, and let it stand three days, stirring it twice or thrice a day. Add to every gallon of juice three pounds of loaf sugar; fill the barrel, and when it is done working, add to every twenty quarts of liquor, one quart of brandy, and a little isinglass. The gooseberries must bo picked when they are just changing color. The liquor ought to stand in the barrel six months. Tiiste it occa- sionally, and bottle when tho sweetness has gone off. How to Make Grape Wine.— Take two quarts of grape juice, two quarts of water, four pounds of sugar. Ex- tract tiie juice of the grape in any simple way; if only a few quarts are desired, we do it with a strainer and a pair of squeezers, if a larger quantity is desired, put the grajies into a cheese press made particularly clean, putting on sutfi- cient weight to extract the juiee of a full hoop of grapes, being careful that none but perfect grapes are used, per- fectly ripe and free from blemish. After the first i)ressing put a little water with the pulp and press a second time, using the juice of tho second pressing with the water to bo mixed with the clear grajie juice. If only a few quarts are made place tho wine as soon as mixed into bottles, filling them even full and allow to stai.d in a warm place until it ferments, which Avill take about thirty-six hours usually; then remove all tho scum, cool and j>ut into a dark, cool {ilace. If a few gallons are desired place in a keg, but the keg must lio even full, and after fermentation has taken jilaco and the scum removed, draw off and bottle, and cork tight. fuit, and Vhito su- twelvo should ke tub, |ish -ttitli rcss, in le stems liejiiice. [Iiejuico biiiining f sing it, llie first |or twice puttlio size to of the giilloil. ivo you wliodo to two ; and a MEDICINES FOK HOUSES AND DOMESTIC ANIMALS. r^ trw. T-..-rj ~^'^' - - -^= - ^= ^^- ^ ^' -' ■■ -' — -^ MEDICINES FOR HORSES AND DOMESTIC ANIMALS Alteratives. — This term is not very scientific, but it is in very general use, and easily explains its own meaning, though the modus operandi of the drugs employed to carry it out is not so clear. The object is to replace unhealthy action by a healthy one, without resorting to any of the distinctly defined remedies, such as tonics, stomachics, etc. As a general rule, this class of remedies produce their effect by acting slowly but steadily on the depuratory organs, as the liver, kidneys and skin. The following may bo found useful: 1. Disordered States of the Skin — Emetic tartar 5 ounces, powdered ginger 3 ounces, opium J ounce; syrup enough to form sixteen balls: one to be given every night. 2. Simply Cooling — Barbadoes aloes 1 ounce, Castile Boap 1^ ounces, ginger ^ ounce, syrup enough to form six balls: one to be given every morning. 3. Barbadoes aloes 1^ drachms, emetic tartar 2 drachms, Castile soap 2 drachms; mix. 4. Alterative Ball for General Use. — Black sul- phuret of antimony 2 to -1 drachms, sulphur 2 drachms, nitre 2 drachms; linseed meal and water enoueli to form a ball. 5. For Generally Defective Secretions — Flowers of sulphur ounces, emetic tartar 5 to 8 drachms, corro- sive sublimate 10 grains; linseed meal mixed with hot water enough to form six balls, one of which may be given two or three times a week. 6. In Debility of Stomach — Calomell scruple, aLes 1 drachm cascarilla bark, in powder, 1 drachm, gentian root, in p«wder, 1 drachm, ginger, in powder, 1 drachm, Castile soap 3 drachms; syrup enougli to make a ball, which may DC given twice a week, or every other night. AnsesthetiCS. — Aniesthetics produce insensibility to all external impressions, and therefore to pain. They resem- ble narcotics in their action, and, when taken into the stomach, may be considered purely as such. The most certain and safe way of administering them is by inhala- tion, and chloroform is the drugnow universally employed. The modus operandi of the various kinds has never' yet been satisfactorily explained; and when the comparisoTi is made, as it often is, to the action of intoxicating fluids, we are no nearer to it than before. With alcoholic fluids, however, the disorder of the mental functions is greater in proportion to the insensibility to pain; and if they are taken in sufficient quantities to produce tiie latter effect, they are dangerous to life itself. The ac^'ou of anaisthet- ics on the horse is very similar to that on man. Anodynes. — Sonotimcs called narcotics, when taken into tlie stomach pass at once into the blood, and there act in a special niann r on the nervous centers. At first they exalt the nervous force; but tiiey soon depress it, the second stage coming on sooner according to the in- crease of the dose. They are given either to soothe the gen- eral nervous system, or to stop diarrhwa; or sometimes to relieve spasm, as in colic or tetanus. Opium is the chief anodyne used in veterinary medicine, and it may be em- ployed in very largo doses: 1. Anodyne Drench for Colic — Linseed oil 1 pint, oil of turpentine 1 to 2 ounces, laudanum 1 to 2 ounces; mix, and give every hour till relief is afforded. 2. Anodyne Ball for Colic — (Only useful in mild cases.) Powdered opium ^ to 2 drachms, castile soap 2 drachms, camphor 2 drachms, ginger 1^ drachm; make into a ball with liquorice powder and treacle, and give every hour while the pain lasts. It should be kept in a bottle or bladder. 3. Anodyne Ball (ordinary) — Opium ^ to 1 drachm, castile soap 2 to 4 drachms, ginger 1 to 2 drachms, powdered anise seed i to 1 ounce, oil of caraway seeds, 4 drachm; syrup enough to form a ball, to be dissolved in half pint of warm ale, and given as a drench. 4. Anodyne Drench in SrpERprROATiON, ou Ordi- nary Diarrhcea — Gum arable 2 ounces, boiling water 1 pint: dissolve and then add oil of peppermint 25 drops, laudanum ^ to 1 ounce; mix and give night and morning, if necessary. 5. In Chronic Diarrhcea — Powdered chalk and gum arable of each 1 ounce, laudanum -J ounce, peppermint water 10 ounces; mix, and give night and morning. Antacids. — As the term implies, these remedies aro used to neutralize acids, whether taken into the stomach to an improper extent, or formed therein as products of dis- eases. They are often classed as alteratives, when used for the latter purpose. They include the alkalies and alka- line earths, but are not much used in veterinary medicine. Anthelmintics. — Drugs which are used to destroy wovms receive this name in medical literature, when the author is wedded to the Greek language. The admirers of Latin call them vermifuges, and in English they receive the humble name of worm medicines. Their action is partly by producing a disagreeable or fatal impression on the worm itself, and partly by irritating the mucous lin- ing of the bowels, and thus causing them to expel their contents. Failing, the following may be useful. 1. Worm Ball (recommended by Mr. Gamgee) Assa- fffitida 2 drachms, calomel li drachms, powdered sarin li drachms, oil of male fern 30 drops; treacle enough to make a ball, which should be given at night, and followed by a purge next morning. 2. Mild Drench for Worms — Linseed oil 1 pint, spirit of turpentine 2 drachms; mix and give every morn- ing. Antispasmodics are medicines which are intended to counteract excessive muscular action, called spasm or, in the limbs, cramp. This deranged condition depends upon a variety of causes, which are generally of an irritat- ing rature, and its successful treatment will often depend upon the employment of remedies calculated to remove the cause, rather than directly to relieve the effect. It there- fore follows that, in many cases, the medicines most MEDICINES FOH HOUSES AND DOMESTIC ANIMALS. successful ill removing spasm, will bo derived from widely Bcpiinited divisions of tlio ■iiiuferia mcdicn, such as aperi- ents, anodynes, alteratives, Btiniulants and tonics. It .s useless to attempt to give nnmy formulas for their exhibi- tion; but there are one or two niedicines which exercise a peculiar control ovcrspiism, and we shall give them with- out attempting to analyze their mode of 0])eration. 1. In Colic — Spirit of turpentine 31 ouncesj laudanum lA- ounces, ISarbadoes aloes 1 ounce; powder the aloes, and dissolve in warm water; then add the other ingredients, and give as a drench. 2. Ci.YSTEii in Colic — Spirit of turpentine G ounces, aloes 'i drachms; dissolve in three quarts of warm water, and stir the turpentine well into it. 3. Astisi'ASMODk; Dimc.ncii — (iin 4 to G ounces, tinc- ture of capsicum a drachms, laudanum 3 drachms, warm water l.y i)ints; mix and give as a drench, when there isuo intlammution. Aperients. — Aperients, or purges, are those medicines whicli (iiiicken or increase the evacuations from the bowels* varying, however, a good deal in tiieir mode of operation. Some act merely by exciting tlie muscular coat of the bowels to contract; others cause an immense wateiy dis- charge, wliirh as it wore, washes out tho bowels; whilst a third set combine tho action of tho two. The various purgcsalsoactuponditferent partsof iho canal, some stimu- lating tlio small intestines, whilst others pass through them witliout alTocting them, and only act upon the largo bowels; and others, again, act upon the wholo canal. There is a third point of difference in ])urge8, depending upon their influencing the liver in addition, wliich mer- curial purgatives certainly do, as well as rhubarb and some others, and which effect is partly duo to their absorption into tlio circulation, so that they may bo made to act, by injecting into tho veins as strongly as by actual swallow- ing, and their subsequent passage into the bowels. Pur- gatives are likewise classed, according to the degree of their efect, into laxatives acting mildly, and drastic purges, or cathartics, acting very severely. 1. OunixAiiY Pnvsrc Ralls— Barbadoes aloes 3 to 8 drachms, hard soap 4 drachms, ginger 1 drachm. Dissolve in as small a quantity of boiling water as will suHice; then slowly evapoi-ate to the jji'oper consistence, by whicli means griping is avoided. 2. A Waumkii PiiYsrf Ball — Barbadoes aloes 3 to 8 drachms, carlionate of soda iidrachni, aromatic jiowder 1 drachm, oil of caraway Vi drops. Dissolve as above, and then add tho oil. 3. Gently Laxative Ball — Barbadoes aloes 3 to 5 drachms, rhubarb jtowder 1 to 2 drachms, ginger 2 drachms, oil of caraway 15 drops. Jlix and form into a ball as in No. 1. 4. Stomachic Laxative Balls for Washy HonsES — Barbadoes aloes 3 drachms, rhubarb ?• drachms, ginger 1 drachm, cascarilla powder 1 drachm, oil of caraway ]") drops, carbonate of soda li drachms. Dissolve the aloes as in No. 1 and then add tiie oilier ingredients. 5. PruGixd Balls AviTH Cai.omi'.l — Barbadoes aloes 3 to G drachms, calomel ^ to 1 drachm, rhubarb 1 to 2 drachms, ginger + to 1 drachm, Castile soap 2 drachms. Mix as in No 1. 6. Laxativi-; Drench — Barbadoes aloes 3 to 4 drachms, canella alba 1 to 2 drachms, salts of tartar 1 drachm, mint water 8 ounces, ili.x. 7. Anotheh Laxative Duench— Castor oil 3 to G ounces, Barbadoes aloes 3 to 5 drachms, carbonate of soda 2 drachms, mint water 8 ounces. Aiix by dissolving the aloes in the mint water by the aid of heat, and then add- ing the other ingredients. 8. A Mild Opening Dhench — Castor oil 4ounce8, Ep- som salts 3 to 5 ounces, gruel 2 pints. Mix. 9. A Veuy Mild Laxative — Castor oil 4 ounces, lin- seed oil 4 ounces, warm water or gruel 1 pint. Mix. 10. Used IN the Stagoeus — Barbadoes aloes 4 to 6 drachms, common salt G ounces. Hour of mustard 1 ounce, water 2 pints. Jlix. 11. A Cently Cooling DuENCH in Slight Attacks OF Cold — Epsom salts G to 8 ounces, whey 2 pints. Mix. 12. PiHGATivE Clyster — Common salt 4 to 8 ounces, water 8 to IG 2)int8. Astringents Ap()car to produce contraction on all living animal tissues with which they come in contact, whether in tho interior or . the exterior of tho body, and whether immediately applied or by absorption into the cir- culation. P)Ut great doubt exists as to the exact mode in which they act; and, as in many other cases, weare obliged to content ourselves with tiieir effects, and to prescribe them eniiiirically. They are divided into astringents ad- ministered by the mouth, and those applied locally to external ulcerated or wounded surfaces : 1. For Bloody UniNE — Powdered catechu -i ounce, alum 4- ounce, cascarilla bark in powder 1 to 2 drachms, licorice powder and treacle enough to form a ball, to be given twice a day. 2. For Diaijetks — Opium | drachm, ginger powdered 2 drachms, oak bark powdered 1 ounce, alum as much as the tea will dissolve, camomile tea 1 pint. Mix for a dreiicii. 3. External Astringent Powders for Ulcerated Si'Ki'ACEs — Powdered alum 4 ounces, Armenian bole 1 ounce. Another — White vitriol 4 ounces, oxide of zinc 1 ounce. Mix. 4. Astringent Lotion — Goulard extract 2 to 3 drachms, water 4 jiiiit. Alix. Another — Sulphate of copper 1 to 2 drachms, water i pint. Mix. 5. Astuin'gent Ointment for Sore Heels — Acetateof lead 1 drachm, lard 1 ounce. Jlix. G. Another for the Sa.me — Nitrate of silvier powdered \ drachm, (ioulard extract 1 drachm, lard 1 ounce. Mix and use a very small portion every night. Blisters or Vesicants — Busters are applications whicli inflame the skin, and jiroduce a secretion of serum between tho cutis and cuticle, by which tho latter is raised in tho form of small bladders; but in consequence of the presence of tho hair, these are very imperfectly seen in tho Iiorse. They consist of two kinds — one n.scd for the sake of counter-irritation, by which tiie original disease is lessened, in consequence of the establishment of this irritation at a short distance from it; the other, commonlycalled "sweat- ing" in veterinary surgery, by which a discharge is obtained from the vessels of the part itself, which aro in that way relieved and unloaded; there is also a subsequent process of absorption in consequence of the peculiar stimulus applied. 1. Mild Blister Ointment (Counter-irritant) — Ilog's lard 4 ounces, Venice turpentine 1 ounce, 2)owdered can- iharides G drachms; mix and spread. 2. SruoNciER ]$LLSTER OiNTMENT (Countcr-Irritant) — Spirit of turpentine 1 ounce, sulphuric acid, by mcfisure, 2 drachms; mix carefnlly in an open place; and add — hog's lard 4 ounces, powdered cantharidcs 1 ounce; mix and spread. 3. Very Strong Blister Ointment (Counter-irritant) Strong mercurial ointment 4 ounces, oil of origanum \ ounce, finely powdered euphorbium 3 drachms, powdered cantharides ^ ounce; mix and spread. ^ MEDICINES FOB HOnSES AND DOMESTIC ANIMALS. 4. Rapidly Acting Blister Ointment (Counter-irri- tant) — Best Hour of mustiird Bounces, mtuie into a paste with water; add oil of turpentine ^J ounces, strong liquor of ammonia 1 ounce; this is to bo well rubhed into the chest, belly, or back, in cases of acute iiiflainmation. 6. Sweating Blisteh — Strong mercurial ointment 3 ounces, oil of origanuui 2 dracbmn, corrosive sublimato S draciims, cantharides powdered 3 drachms; mix and rub in with tho hand. e. Stuono Sweating Blister, for Splints, Eing- Bones, Spavins, Etc. — Biuiodidu of mercury 1 to 1^ draolnns, lard I ounce; to bo wellriiblied into tliolegsafter cutting the hair short; and followed by the daily use of ar- nica in shape of a wasli, as follows, which is to bo painted on with a brusli : tincture of arnica 1 ounce, water 12 to 15 ounces; mix. 7. Liquid Sweating Blister — Cantharides 1 ounce, spirit of tur)H'ntine 2 ounces, methylated spirit of wine 1 pint; mix and digest for a fortuiglit; then strain. Another — Powdered cantharides 1 ounce, commercial pyroligneous acid 1 pint; mis and digest for a fortnight; thou strain. Caustics OP Cauteries.— Caustics are substances which i)urii away the living tissues of tho body, by the decomposition of their elements. They are of two kinds — first, the actual cautery, consisting in tho application of the burning iron, and called firing; and, sccomlly, tho po- tential cautery, by means of the powers of mineral caus- tics, such as potassa fusa, lunar-caustic, corrosive subli- mate, etc. Firing is described in the cha;: ier on operations. The following are the ordinary chemical apiilications used as potential cauteries : 1. Fused Potass, difficult to manage, because it runs about in all directions, and little used in veterinary medicine. 2. Lunar Caustic, or Nitrate of Silver, very valuable to tho veterinary surgeon, and constantly used to apply to profuse granulations. 3. Sulphate of Copper, almost equally useful, hut not 80 strong as lunar caustic; it may be well rubbed in to all high granulations, as in 1 rokeu knees and similar growths. 4. C'uuKOsiVE Sublimate in powder, whicli acts most energetically upon warty growths, but should be used with groat care and discretion. It may safely be apjilied to small surfaces, but not without a regular practitioner to largo ones. It should be washed oft" after remaining on a few minutes. For the mode of applying it in castration, see lIoKSE Castration. 5. Yellow Oupiment is not so strong as Corrosive Sub- limate, and may be used with more freedom. It will gen- erally remove warty growths, by picking off their heads and rubbing it in. C. Muriate of Antimony, called Butter of Antimony; a strong but rather unmanageable caustic, and used either by itself or mixed with more or less water. 7. Chloride of Zinc is a most powerful caustic. It may be used in old sinuces in solution, 7 drachms in a pint of water. Milder Caustics — 8, Verdigris either in powder or mixed with lard as an ointment, in the proportion of 1 to 3; 9, red precipitate, ditto, ditto; 10, burnt alum, used dry ; 11, powdered white sugar. Mild Liquid Caustics — 12, solution of nitrate of sil- ver, 5 to 15 grains to the ounce of distilled .vater. 13. Solution of blue vitriol of about vouble the above strength. 14. Chloride of zinc, 1 to 3 grains to the ounce of water. Charges are lidhesive plasters which are spread while hot on tne legs, and at once covered with short tow, so as l^ to form a strong and tinyielding support while the horse is at grass. 1. Okdinary Charges — Burgundy pitch 4 ounces, Bar'oadoes tar ounces, beeswax 2 ounce.-!, red lead 4 ounces. Tho first three are to be melted togetiier and afterwards the lead is to be added. Ti:e mixture is to be kojjt constantly stirred until sutliciently cold to be applietl. If too stiff (which will dejiend upon tho weather) it may lje softened by tho addition of a little lard or oil. 2. Arnica Charge — Canada balsam 2 ounces, pow- dered arnica leaves 1 ounce. 'l"he balsam to be melted and worked up with the leaves, adding spirits of turpentine if necessary. When thoroughly mixed, to be well rubbed into tho whole leg, in a thin layer, ami to be cohered over with the Cluirge Ko. 1, which will set on its out.-ide and act as a bandage, while tho arnica is a restorative to the weakened vessels. This is an excellent application. Clysters, or Enemata. — Clysters are intended either to relievo obstruction or spasm of the bowels, and are of great service when properly api>lied. They may Ix? made of warm water or griKtl, of which some quarts will be re- (|uired in colic. They should be thrown '.;p with the projier syringe, provided with valves and llexible tube. For the turpentine clyster "ii colic sec Antisp.\smodics. Aperient clysters, see Aperients. 1. Anodyne Clyster in 1>iarriicea — Starch iiade as for washing 1 quart, powdered opium 2 drachms. The opium is to be boiled in water and added to the starch. Cordials are medicines which act as temporary stini • lanls to the whole system, and especially to the stomach. 'J'liey augmetit the strength and spirits when depressed, as after over-exertion in work: 1. Cordial Balls — Powdered caraway seeds dr J jis, ginger 2 drachms, oil of cloves 20 drops, treacle enough to make into a ball. Anothi-.r — Powdered anise seed 6 drachms, powdered cardamoms 2 drachms, powdered cassia 1 drachm, oil of caraway 20 drops. Mix with treacle into a ball. 2. Cordial Drench — A quart of good ale warmed and with jilenty of grated ginger. 3. Cordial and Expixtorant — Powdered anise seed^ ounce, powdered squill 1 drachm, powdered myrrh l| drachm, balsam of Peru enough to form a ball. Another — Liquorice powder + ounce, gum ammonia- cum 3 drachms, balsam of tola H drachms, powdered squill 1 drachm, linseed meal and boiling water enough to form into a mass. Demulcents are used for tho purpose of soothing ir- ritations of the bowels, kidneys, or bladder, in the two last cases by their efTect upon the secretion of urine. 1. Demulcent Drench — Gum Arabic ^ ounce, water 1 pint. Dissolve and give as a drench night and morning, or mixed with a mash. Another— Linseed 4 ounces, water 1 quart. Simmer till a strong and thick decoction is obtained, and give as above. 2. Marshmallow Drench — Marshmallows a double handful, water 1 qiuirt. Simmer as in the second part of No. 1 and use in the same way. Djaphoretics have a special action on the skin, in- creasing the perspiration sometimes to an enormous extent. 1. Ordinary Diaphoretic Drench — Solution of ace- tate of ammonia 3 to 4 ounces, laudanum 1 ounce. Mix and give at night. Or, Another — Solution of acetate of ammonia 2 ounces, spirits of nitric ether 2 ounces. Mix and give as above. 2. In Hide-Bound — Emetic tartar 1^ drachms, cam- phor i drachm, ginger 2 drachms, opium i drachm, oil MEDICINKS von IIOHSKS AN'D DOMESTIC ANIMALS. of uiirawiiy ladiop.'^.liiisecMl iiu'iil iiml boiling water to form !i ball, wliii'li is to bo given twico or tlirico a wwk. 3. 1\ lliDK I)Oi\i) (but not>«o I'lliuiicioiis) — Antinioiiiiil poudur ;! (li:i(;linis, giiigur 1 drac'lini, jjowdcrtd carawayn (! di'ai^luns, oil of aniso si't'd ^0 drops. Mix as above. 'I'liu.so ruini'dioa rocpiiro modoralu exoroiso in (dotliiiig to l)riMg out tlu'ir I'lIi'Cts, after whicli tlio liorso slioubi bu wi.s|H'd till quite dry. Dig'estives. — Digestives are a2)plicatioiis wliich ]iro- nioto KMppiiralion, and tlio healing of wounds or idcers. 1. Diiii;sTivi; Oint.mknt — Keil i)reeipitato 3 ounces, Venice turpentine 3 (/unces, beeswax 1 ounce, liog's lard ■lounces; melt the last three ingredients over a slow lire, and when nearly cold stir in tlio jiowder. Diuretics. — Diuretics are medicines wliich promote the secretion and discharge of tirine, the elTect being produced in a dill'erent manner by dill'erent medicines; some acting directly niion the kidneys by sympathy witii the stomacii, while others are taken up by the blood-vessels, and in their elimination from the blood, cause an extra secretion of tlio urine. In eitiiercase their effect is to diminish the watery part of the blood, and thus promote the absorpti'Mi of fluid eiliised into any of the cavities, or into tlie cellular mem- brane in the various forms of dropsy. 1. Stiml-latixg DifUFTic Ball — Powdered resin 3 drachms, sal i)ninelle 3 drachms, Castile soup 3 drachms, oil of juniper 1 drachm; mix. 2. A Moke Cooling Diuretic Ball — Powdered nitre •J to 1 ounce, camphor 1 drachm, juniper berries 1 drachm, soap 3 drachms; mix, adding linseed meal enough to form a ball. 3. Diuretic PowDKU FOR A Masu — Nitre ^ to :J ounce, resin ^ to J ounce; mix. 4. Anotiieu More Active PovTDER — Nitre 6 drachms, camphor 1^ drachms; mix. Embrocations. — Embrocations or liniments are stimu- lating or sedative external applications, intended to reduce the pain and inflammation of internal parts, when rubbed into the skin with the hand. 1. MusTAKU Emukoc'ation — Best flour of Mustard C ounces, liquor of ammonia li ounces, oil of turpentine 1^ ounces; mix witli sufficient water to form a thin jjaste. 2. Stimulatixo EMiiKOCATiiix — Camphor ^ ounce, oil of turpentine li ounces, spirit of wine l| ounces; mix. 3. .Sweating EMtutocATinN i-qr Winhgalls, Etc. — Strong mercurial ointment 2 ounces, camphor ^ ounce, oil of rosemary 2 drachms, oil of turpentine 1 ounce ; mix. 4. Axother, but Stronger — Strong mercurial oint- ment 2 ounces, oil of bay 1 ounce, oil of origanum -^ ounce, powdered cantharides -J ounce; mix. 5. A iMo.sT Active Swi:.vtixg i; mis hoc a tigs- — Binio- dide of mercury ^ to 1 drachm, powdered arnica leaves 1 draclun, soap liniment 2 ounces; mix. Emulsions. — AVhen oily matters have their globules broken down by friction with mucilaginous substances, such as gum arable or yolk of egg, they are called emul- sions, and are specially useful in soothing irritation of tlie mucous membrane, of the trachea and bronchi. 1. Simple Emulsion- — Linseed oil 2 ounces, lioncy 3 ounces, soft water l})iiit,subcarbonate of potass 1 drachm; dissolve tho honey and potass in the water; then add the linseed oil by degrees in a large mortar, when it should as- sume a milky appearance, it may be given night and morning. 2. Another More Active Emulsion — Simple emulsion No. 1, 7 ounces, camphor 1 drachm, opium in powder ^ drachm, oil of anise seed 30 drops; rub the last three in- gredients togetlier in a mortar with some white sugar; then add the emulsion by degrees. Horse Expectorants. — Expectorants excite or pro- mote a discharge of mucus from the lining membrane of the bronchial tubes, thereby relieving inllammatiou and allaying cough. 1. Expectorant Ball in Ordinary Cough without Imi'Lammation. — Ouin ammoniacum bounce, powdered scjuill ] drachm, Castile soap 2 drachms; honey enough to form a liall. 2. In Old Standing Cough (Stomach) — As,safrt>tida 3 drachms, galbanum 1 drachm, carbonate of amtnonia ^j drachm, ginger 1\ drachms; honey enough to form a ball. 3. A STiiOKo JLxi'ectorant iV\ll — Emetic tartar i drachm, calomel 15 grains, digitalis^ drachm, powdered squills ■;! drachm; linseed meal and water enough to form a ball, which is not to be repeated without great care. Febrifuges. — Genernlly culled fever medicines, are given to allay tho arterial and nervous excitements which accompany *3brile action. They do this partly by their agency on tho heart and arteries througii the nervous system, and partly by increasing the secretions of the skin and kidneys. 1. FeVicr Ball. — Nitre 4 drachms, camphor 1^ drachms, calomel and opium, of each 1 scruple, linseed meal as above. Or, Another. — Emetic tartar 1| to 2 drachms, compound powder of tragacanth 2 drachms; linseed meal and water enough to form a ball. Or, Another. — Nitre 3 drachms, camphor 2 drachms; mix as above. 2. Cooling Powder for Mash. — Nitre 6 drachms to one ounce; may be given in a bran mash. 3. Cooling Drench. — Nitre 1 ounce, sweet spirit of nitre, 2 ounces, tincture of digitalis 2 drachms, whey 1 pint. Lotions or Washes consist of liquids applied to the external parts, either to cool them or to produce a healthy action in the vessels. 1. Cooling Solution for External Inflammation. — Goulard extract 1 ounce, vinegar 2 ounces, spirits of wine or gin 3 ounces, water 1^ pints; mix, and apply with a cal- ico bandage. 2. Another, Useful for Inflamed Legs, or for Galled Shoulders ok Back. — Sal Ammoniac 1 ounce, vinegar 4 ounces, spirits of wine 2 ounces, tincture of arni- ca 2 drachms, water ^ pint; mix. 3. Lotion for Foul Ulcers. — Sulphate of copper 1 ounce, nitric acid -J ounce, water 8 to 12 ounces; mix. 4. Lotion FOR the Eyes. — Sulphate of zinc 20 to 25 grains water D ounces; mix. 5. Very Strong One, and only to he dropped in. — Nitrate of silver 6 to 8 grains, distilled water 1 ounce; mix and use with a camel-hair brush. Narcotics. — A distinction is sometimes made between anodynes and narcotics, but in veterinary medicine there is no necessity for separating them. (See Anodynes.) Refrigerants. — Lower the animal heat by contact with tho skin, the ordinary ones being cold air, cold water, ice, and evaporative lotions. (See Lotions.) Sedatives. — Depress the action of tho circulatory and nervous systems, without effecting tlie mental functions. They are very powerful in their eifects; and digitalis, which is tho drug commonly used for this purpose, has a special quality known by the name of cumulative; that is to say, if repeated, small doses are given at intervals for a certain time, an effect is produced almost equal to that which would follow tho exhibition of the whole quantity at once. Besides digitalis, aconite is also sometimes used to lower the action of the heart, and by many it is i ;ii or pro- icnibnino ition uiid loiiia jS III a liall. tartar ^ wwderod to form iro. 103, aro IS wliicli by their nervous tlio skin MEDICI>fE8 FOll H0KSE3 AND DOMESTIC AN'INALS. siijiposod to bo equal in pototioy to that drug, witliout tlio daiigi'r which always attends its use Stimulants. — By liiis term is understood those sub- stancea which excite the action of tiio whole nervous and vascular systcins; almost all medicines are stitnulants to some part or otiier, as, for instance, aperients, whicli stim- ulate the lining of the bowels, but to tiie general system are lowering. On the otiu'r hand, stimulants, so called ■par vxceUcncc, excite and raise the action of the brain and lieart. Old ale 1 quart, carbonate of ammonia ^ to 2 drachms, tincture of ginger 4 drachms; mix and give as a drench. For other stimulants, see Coudiai.s. Stomachs. — Stomachics are medicines given to im- prove ilie time of tlie stomach, when impaired by badnuin- agcmeiit or di.-iease. Stomachic Hall. — Powdered gentian^ ounce, powdeii'd ginger \\ drachms, carbonate of soda 1 drachm; treacle to form a ball; or ANOTiiEii. — C'asearilla. powdered 1 ounce, myrrh \\ drachms, caslile soap 1 drachm; mix with syrup or treacle, into a ball; or Another. — Powdered Colombo ^ to 1 ounce, powdered cassia 1 drachm, powdered rhubarb 2 drachms; mix as in second part of No. 1. Styptics. — Stypticsare remedies which have a tendency to stop the llo'.v of blood either from interijal for external surfaces. Tliey are used either by t!ie mouth, or to tiie part itself in the shape of lotions, etc. ; or the actual cau- tery, which is always the best in external bleeding, may be employed. Sometimes, however, the part cannot bo reached with the heated iron, and is yet within the in- .luenco of an injection, as in bleeding from the nostrils, for which tl;e following may be employed: Matico leaves h ounce, boiling water 1 pint; infuse, and when cold strain and inject into the nostrils. For internal styptics, see Astuingents. Tonics. — Augment the vigor of the whole body per- manently, whilst stimulants only act for a short time. They are ohiefly useful after low fever. Tonic bALL. — Sulphate of iron ^ ounce, extract of cam- omile 1 ounce; mix and form into ball. Cattle. — 1. Drink, Cough and Fever. — Take emetic tartar 1 drachm. ])owdered digitalis ^ drachm, nitre 3 drachms; mix and give in a cpiart of tolerably thick gruel. 2. Drink, Purging. — Take epsom salts 1 pound,powdered caraway seeds \ ounce; dissolro in a quart of warm gruel and give. 3. Drink, Purging. — Take emetic tartar \ drachm, nitre 2 drachms, powdered gentian root 1 drachm, powdered camomile flowers 1 drachm, powdered ginger -J drachm; pour upon them a pint of boiling ale, and give the infusion when nearly cold. 3. Drink, Expectorant. — Take licorice root 2 ounces; bruise and boil in a quart of water until the fluid is re- duced to a pint, then gradually and carefully add powdered squills 2 drachms, powdered gum guaiacum 1 drachm, tincture of balsam of tolu ^ ounce, honey 2 ounces; give it morning and night. 5. Drink, Turpentine for Worms. — Take oil of turpen- tine 2 ounces, sweet spirit of nitre 1 ounce, laudanum, ^ ounce, linseed oil 4 ounces; mix and give in a pint of gruel. 6. Drink Stimulating. — Take digitalis 1 scruple, emetic tartar ^ drachm, nitre 3 drachms, powdered squills 1 drachm, opium 1 scruple; raiz, and give with a pint of gruel. 7. Drink, Sulphur Purging. — Take sulphur 8 ounces, ginger ^ ounce, mix with a qnart of warm gruel. The drink should be rep«rate(l evtry third day, if appear to require ii. «. Drink. Kheiiniaiio. — Take nitre 2 drachms, tartar- izod antimony I druchm, spirit of nitrons ether 1 oiiiico, anido seed powder 1 ounce; mix with a pint of very thick griiul, atid rei)«at the dose morning and night, except wlien it is neeessarv to give the sulphur purging drink, No. ?. 0. Embrooation, Rbenoiatic. — Take neatsfoot oil, 4 ounces, camphoraied oil, spirit of turiicntine and lauila- dum, each one ounce, oil of origMnnni 1 driichin ; mix. KJ. Ointment, llt-aling. (.'leansing. — 'i'ake lard 2 [)ounds. resin 4 pound : melt them together, and when neai'iy cnld, stir in caiamine, very finely powdered, half a pound. 11. Camphr.ratetl Oil. — Take camphor 2 ouiiiis, and break into small pte<-es : put it into a pint of s|iernia(!eti, or common olive oil. and let tht' bottle, being closely corked, and shaken everv day stand in a warm place until the camphor is dissolved. 1"..'. Drink. Cordial, Bbenmatic. — Take rhododendron leaves, 4 drachms, briil it in a quart of water until it is diniinished to a pint ; strain the decoction, and to half of the liquid, warm, add gum guaiacum tinely jpowdcred 2 drachma, powdervd caraway seeds 2 drachms, powdered seed 2 drachms ; mixed with half a pint of warm Totiic. — Take gentian root, powdered ^ anise ale. 13. Drink ounce, ginger powdered 1 drac-hm. epsom salts 2 ounces, mix the whole with a pint of warm gruel, and give it morn- ing and night. 14. Drink for the Yellows. — Take of calomel and opium, a scruple; mix and suspend in a little thick gruel. 15. Drink, Physic, a Strong. — Takrf epsom or glauber salts -J pound, kernel of croion nut 10 grains; take oil the shell of the croton nut, and weigh the proper quan- tity of the kernel, mb it down to a tine powder, gradually mix it with half a pint of thick gruel, and give it and im- mediately afterwani* give the salts, dissolved in a pint and a half of thinner gmel. 16. Ointment, Blister. — Take lard 12 ounces, resin 4 ounces, melt them together, and when they are getting cold add oil of tarpentine four ounces, powdered can- tharides five ounces : stirring th" whole together. 17. Drink, Astringient. — Take prepared chalk 2 ounces, oak bark powder**! 1 ounce, catechu powdered ^- ounce, opium powdered 2 scruples, ginger powdered 2 drachms ; nnx and give in a quart of warm gruel. 18. Drink, .\3tring1ent, with Mutton Suet. — Take mut- ton suet 1 pound, new milk 2 quarts ; boil them together until the suet is dissolved ; then add — Opium powdered ^ drachm, ginger 1 drachm ; having previously well mixed them with a sj-^i^nfiil or two of iluid. 19. 'Uliey, Alcm. — Take alum -t ounce, water 2 quarts ; boil them together f-»r K-n minutes and strain. 20. Astringent, S:Jmnlating. — Take oil of Juniper 2 to 4 drachms, tinctnre of opium 1 ounce, oil of turpentine 1 ounce ; mix and give in a pint of linseed tea once or twice a day. 21. Drink. StimElating. — Take epsom or glauber salts 1 pound, ginger 4 ounce, carbonate of ammonia 4- ounce, ]>our one quart of 5>»ilJng water upon the ingredients ; stir them well and gi^e when milk warm. 22. Stimulating Drink, Mild. — Take ginger 1 drachm, gentian 1 drachm, spirit of nitrons ether 1 ounce ; mix and give in a pint of gmel. 23. Astringent. Mild. — ^take oak bark powdered jounce, catechu powdene»l 2 drachms. o])ium powdered -J scruple ; mix together in a pint of gruel or warm water. I i 21. Ointment, J[orciirial Garget. — 1'iiko soft soup 1 pound, mercurial ointmout 2 ounces, eumphor ruhbed down witli a littlo spirit of wiuo I ounce ; ruo tliem well toj,'et].er. 25. Ointment, Iodine. — Take hydrate of potash 1 drachtn, liird 7 drachms; rub tiiem well together, 2(!. Drinii, l)illreti(^ — Take ))owdered nitre 1 ounce, powdered resin 2 ounces, ginger 'J draehins ; mix them well together iu a littlo treacle, and give them in a warm gruel. 27. Ointment for Soro Teats. — Take elder ointment 6 ounecs, beeswax 2 ounces ; mix them together, and add an ounce each of sugar of lead and alum iu tine jjowder, and stir them togolhcr until cold. 28. IJriiik, JSliinulant, Warm. — Take ginger powdered + ounce, caraway seeds drachms, allspice ^ ounce; mix in a quart of warm water or mild ale. 21). Drink, Anodyne. — Take powdered opium Adraehm, sweet spirit of nitre 2 ounces ; rub them together, adding the Ihiitl by small quantities at a time, and give tho mix- ture in a pint of warm gruel. 30. Drink, I'lirgative, .Strong. — Take Epsom or Glauber salts 12 ounces, ilowers of suli)hur 4 ounces, powdered ginger 4 drachms, spirit of nitrous ether 1 ounce ; to be dissolved in warm water. 31. Drink, Cordial. — Take caraway powder 1 ounce, gentian, powered {r ounce, essence of peppermint 20 drops ; mix. 32. Drink, Tonic. — Tako gentian 2 drachms, tartrate of iron 1 drachm, ginger 1 drachm ; mix and give iu a pint of gruel. 33. Drink, Tonic, Jfildest. — Take gentian 2 drachms, emetic tartar -J drachm, nitre ^ ounce, spirit of nitrous cthei' \ ounce ; give in gruel. bt. Lotion, Disinfectant. — Tako solution of chloride of lime, in powdered :Jr ounce, water 1 ]>iut ; mix. 35. JIurrain, Drink for. — Take Sweet Spirit of Nitre f ounce, laudanum i ounce, chorido of lime, in j)owder 2 ounces, prepared chalk 1 ounce ; rub them well together, and give them with a pint of warm gruel. 3(i. Drink, Tonic, for Murrain. — Tako Columbia root 2 drachms, caiiella bark 2 drachms, ginger 1 drachm, sweet s])irit of nitre -V ounce ; rub them together, and give iu a pint of thick gruel. 37. Fuinigatiou. — Tako common salt 2 pounds, oil of vitriol 1 jiound. 38. Drink, Laxative. — Take Epsom salts + pound, sul- phur 2 to 4 ounces, nitre + ounce, ginger 2 drachms, spirit of nitrous ether 1 ounce ; dissolve in warm water or gruel, and rej^oat o.ce a day for several days. 39. Liniment. — Take alum and white vitriol, of each ^ ounce, treacle 1 gill ; dissolve in a pint oi warm water. 40. Astringent Powder. — Take blue vitriol, powdered 4 ounce, powdered alum i ounce, prepared chalk 2 ounces, armeniau bole 1 ounce; mix. 41. Tonic, Strong. — Take powdered ginger 1 drachm, powdered caraway seeds 1 drachm, gentian, powdered 4 drachms, spirit of nitrous ether 1 ounce ; to bo mixed slowly with gruel. 42. Drink for Inflammation of the Bladder. — Take antimonial powder 2 drachms, powdered opium 1 scruple; rub well together with a snuill portion of very thick gruel, and repeat the dose morning and night. 43. Eye Lotion, Sedative (1) — Take dried leaves of fox glove, powdered 1^ ounces ; infuse them in a pint of cape or dry raisin wine for a fortnight, and keep the infusion for use. 44. Eye Lotion, Sedative (2) — Tako extract of goulard 2 drachms, spirituous tincture of digitalis, (made in the same manner as the vinous in receipt 43, No. 1) 2 drachms, tincture of opium 2 drachma, water 1 jjint ; this should also he introdueeil into the eye. Two or three drops at a time will sullice. 4."). Lotion for the Eye, Strengthening. — Take white vitriol 1 scruple, spirit of wine 1 drachm, water 1 pint; mix them together, and use the lotion in the same nmnncr as Nos. 43 and 44. 40. Drink, Cordial. — Take caraway seed in jiowder ^ ounce, anise seed, in powder 4 oiiiuie, ginger ^ ounce ; mix with a pint of good ale, made hot. 47. Physic Drink, for Locked Jaw, Strong. — Tako bar- badoes aloes It ounces, kernel of croton nut powder 10 grains ; dissolve in as snudi quantity of boiling water as jiossible, and give them when the liquid is sulliciently cool. 48. Anodyne Drink, for Loek-Jaw. — Tako camphor 1 drachm, rub it down in an ounco of spirits of wine; to this add: powdered opium 1 drachm; and give the mixture in a small quantity of thick gruel. 40. Embrocation for liite of serpents. — Take hartshorn and olive oil equal quantities. Shake them well together, and rub the wound and the neighboring parts well with the liniment morning and night. 50. Lotion, Discutient. — Tako bay salt 4 ounces, vine- gar 1 pint, Wiitcr 1 qinirt, oil of origanum 1 drachm; add the oil of salt first; rub them well down with a littlo water; then gradually add the balance of the v/ater and vinegar. 61. Embrocation for Strains. — Take bay salt 4 ounces, oil of origanum 1 drachm; rub them well together, until the salt is reduced to a powder; then add — vinegar ^ pint, spirits of wine 2 ounces, water 1 quart. 52. Embrocation for Strains, Strongest. — Tako spirit of turpcutino -^ j)int, oil of origanum i ounce, olive oil 1^ ])ints, cantharidesl ounce; mix them together; shake them often and keep in a bottle for use. 53. Charge for Old Strains and Lameness. — Take bur- gundy pitch 4 ounces, common jiiteli 4 ounces, yellow wax 2 ounces, barbiuloes tar C ounces; melt them together in a ladle, and apply the mixture to the parts when thoroughly warm and liquid. 54. Mango Ointment. — Take flowers of sulphur 1 pound, strong mercurial ointment 2 ounces, common turpentine ^])ound,lard 1^ pounds; melt the turpentine and lard together; stir well in the sulphur when these begin to cool; and afterwards rub down the mercurial ointment on a marble slab with the other ingredients. 55. Drink, Alterative — Take flowers of sulphur 2 ounces, black sulphuret of antimony 1 ounce, iEUiiop's mineral -j- ounce, nitre 2 ounces; mix and divide into four powders, give one every second morning in a little thick gruel. Turning into a salt marsh will bo an excellent auxiliary. 50. Vermin, Jlercurial Ointment for. — Take strong mercurial ointment 1 ounce, hud 7 ounces; mix them well together, and rub the ointment well on wherever the lice appear. 57. Vermin, Lotion for — Tako corrosive sublimate 2 drachms; rub it down in 2 ounces of spirits of wine, and add a pint of water. 58. Tonic Powders, Alti itive. — Take flowers of sulphur 4 ounces, black sulphurcL of antimony 1 ounce, ^thiop's mineral i ounce, nitre 3 ounces, powdertcl gentian 2 ounces, powdered ginger 1 ounce; mix and divide into six powders, and give one daily. 59. Bull Burnt, Lotion for. — Take Goulard's extract 1 ounce, spirit of wiue 2 ounces, water -J pint; mix. CO. Cow-pox, Lotion for. — Take sal ammoniac i ounce, white wine vinegar^ pint, camphorated spirit of wine 2 ounces, Goulard's extract 1 ounce; mix, and keep it in a bottle for use. MKDICINKH HOK IIORHES AND DOMKSTIO ANIHAtiS. 01. Calves. — Drink, Aperient for — 'lako Kp^ioni biiUh, from 1 to ^ (iiincos, iicicordiiig to tiio iigc luid hIzo of tlitt culf, iirid (linsolvo in iiivlf ii pint of griit'l; tiu'n luid gingor, Isornplu; csBuru^o of pupporniint, ',\ drop.s; mix. 6'Z. Diiirrhcu.i in — 'I'liko prepared olmlk ,'J dnichms, pow- dered opinin 10 graina, powdered cateciui A draciini, gin- ger .J draclini, osseneo or noppermintS drops; mix and give twice 11 day in iialf ])int of grtiel. G;t. I'lUfTing, to Stop — Take Dover's powder S scrnples, starcdi or arrow-ioot in i)(iwder i onncc, comnonnd cinun- nion powder Idrai'iim, powdered kino i draelini; Tjoil the start'ii or iirrow-ioot in a jiint of water nntil it liocomos well tliiekencd, and tiioii gradually stir in tiio other in- grodientH. C4. Ildovo in — Take oil of turpentine 1 onnec, linaeeil oil 3 or 4 ounces, gniger powdered 1 draciini; mix. 'I'o he repeated at the interval of a week, a.s often as !nay he re- (piired. U5. Sheep. — 'roiiic Drink. — Take gentian root powdered 1 draciini, caraway jiowdei' .1 (hacliin, tinctnre of caiaway 10 droi)a; giv(^ in a quarter of a pint of tliiek gruel. CO. Purging, Drink foi' — Take Kp.som .salts ;i ounces, powdered caraway ;t ounce; warm linn giiul snllicient to dissolve tiio salts. 07. Astringent Drink for — Take eomiionnd chalk powder with oiiiuni 1 drachm, gentian 1 sf^ruplc, essence of peppermint C drops; mix with ii little thin starch, and give morning and night. 08. Cooling Fever Drink. — Take powdered digitalis 1 scrnide, emetic tartar iD grains, nitre 2 drachms; mix with thick gruel, and let it ho given twice eaeii day. 09. Laxative Meiliciiie. — Take Epsom salts 1 onncc, gingor 1 scruple, genliaii 1 draehm, warm waters ounces, linseed oil 1 on nee; tlio above may he given either alone or with gruel, to a full grown slice]); and from one-fourth to one-half to a I I'nh, a.^eordiny; to its age. 70. Stienu^tju'iiiiig Drink. — Take jirepared chalk 1 ouni'e,eatec!!U .}draclini, opium :20 grains, spirit of nitrous ether '^ drachms, gentian 1 (Iraclim; to be dissolved in gruel, and given twice a day till the purging ceases; after whii:li the la5=^'" WOULD WE RETURN P Would we rotiirn If onco the giites which closoil upon tho past Woro onoiieil wide for us, and if tho du! r Remomliered pathway stretched befoio ui clear To lend us back to youth's lust land ut !tuit. When oti life's April shadows lightly cast. Recalled the old sweet days of ehildigh fear With all thnir faded hopes, and brought anear Tho fur oil streams with which our skies were glassed ; Did these lost dreams which wake tho soul's sad yearning Cat live once more and waited our returning, Would wo return? Would wo return If love's ouchuntment held the heart no more. And we had come to count the wild, sweet pain, Tho fond distress, the lavish tears — but vain ; Had cooleil tho heart's hot wounds amidst the roar Of mountain gules, or on some alien sluire Worn out the soul's long anguish, and had slain At last the dragon of despair — if then the train Of vanquislied years eaino buck, and, as of yore, Tho sumo voice culled, and with soft eyes beguiling, Our lost love beckoned, tiirongh times gray and smiling. Would wo return? Would wo return Once wo had crossed to death's unlovely land. And trod tho bloomlesj ways among tho dead Lone and unhappy ; after years hud fled With twilight wings aloi.g that glimmering strand. If then — un angel came with ontstretcho.1 land To lead us back, and wo recalled in dread How soon the tears that once for us are shed May flow for others — how like words in sand Our memory fades away — how oft our waking Might vex the living with tho dead heart's breaking. Would we return — Would we return? -Boberl Burns Wilson. WE PARTED IN" SILENCE. BY MRS. CRAWFOUD. We parted in silence, we parted by night. On the banks of that lonely river ; W here the fragrant limes their boughs unite We met — and we parted forever I The night-bird sung, and tho stars above Told many a touching story Of friends long passed to the kingdom of love. Where the soul wears its niuntlo of glory. Weparted in silence — our cheeks were wet With the tears that were past controlling ; We vowed wo would never, no, never forget, And those vows, at the time, were consoling; But those lips that eohoed the sounds of mine Are as cold aa that lonely river ; And that sje, that beantiful spirit's shrine. Has shrouded its fires forever. 55 1 And now, on tho midnight sky I look, And my heart grows full of weeping; Each star is to me u sealed l»>ok, i^omo tale of that loved one keeping. Wo parted in silence, wo parted iu tears. On the banks of that lonely river ; But the odor and bloom of those bygone years Shall hang o'er its waters forever. MAUD MULLER. BY JOH>f O. WIIIITIKB. Maud Muller, on a summer's day, Raked the meadow, sweet with hay. Beneath her torn hat glowed tho wealth Of simple beauty and rustic health. Singing, she wrought, and her merry glee The mock-bird cclioed froui his tree. But, when she glanced to tho far-off town. White from its liill-slopo looking down, The sweet-song died, arul a vague nnrest And a nameless longing filled Iior breast— A wish, that she hardly dared to own. For something better than she had known. The .Judge rode slowly down the lane. Smoothing his horse's chestnut mane. He drew his bridle in tho shade Of the upple-treeb to greet the maid. She stooped where the cool spring bubbles up And filled for him her small tin cup. Anil blushed as she gave it, looking down On her feet so bare, and her tattered gown. " Thunks ! " caid the Judge, " a sweeter draught From a fairer hand was never quaffed." He spoke of the grass and flowers and trees. Of the singing birds and the humming bees; Then talked of the haying, and wondered wketber The cloud in the west would bring foul weather. And JIaud forgot her brier-torn gown And her graceful ankles bare and brown. And listened, while a pleased surprise Looked from her long-laahed, hazel eyes. At last, like one who for delay Seeks a vain excuse, ho rode away. Maud Muller looked and sighed: "Ah met That I the Judge's bride might be! "He would dress me up in.8ilks so fine. And praise and toast me at his wine. " My father would wear a broadcloth coat ; My brother should sail a painted boat. " I'd dress my mother so grand and gay ; And the baby should have a new toy eaoh day. ii 3 yean m. vrn. lea up vn wn. r draught ■ees, aees: i wketber weather. nel •OOICK PORMa. "And I'd fcL'd tho liniiffry iind clothe the poor, And iili hIioiiM I)I(!hm iiiu w1k> loft our door." Tho .Tiidj,'o Idokrd lincl; us lio climbnd the hill, Aridsuw Maud Miilliu' HUiiidiiigHtill ; " A form more fiiir, a faoo morn Hwcet, No'or liiith it heuii my lot to moot. "And lior modorit iuiHW,»r and graceful air Show luT widu and good ud shu id fair. "Would she wore mirio, and I to-day, Liki) hor, a Imrvester of iuiy. "No (l()ulitfiill)alani'(( of rights and wronga. No woiiry lawyors with ondloss tongues, " But low of ciittio, and song of birds. And health, and (juiot, and loving words." But ho thought of liis si itor, proud nnd cold. And hid molhuj', vain ot hor rank and gold. So, closing hid heart, tlin Judge rodo on, And Maud was left in the iiuld t'loiie. But tho lawyers smiled that afternoon. When ho hummed in oourt an old love tune. And tho young girl muHed bosido tho well. Till tho rain on tliu unniked clover fell. IIo wedilorl a wife of richest dower, Who lived for fiishion, as ho for power. Yet oft, in hi.i marble hearthV white glov, lie watched a picture come and go ; And BweotMaud MuUer'a hazel eyes Looked out in their innocent surprise. Oft, when tho wine in his glass was red, lie longed for tho waysido well instead. And closed his eyes on his garnished rooma. To dream of meadows and clover-blooms ; And the proud man sighed with a secret pain, "Ah, that I were free again! "Free us when I rodo that day Where tho barefoot maiden raked tlie hay." She wedded a man unlearned and poor. And many children i)layed round Iut door. But caro and sorrow, and child-birth pain. Left their traces on heart and brain. And oft, when tho summer Pun shono hot On the new-mowu hay in tho meadow lot. And she heard tho little spring brook fall Over tho road side, through tho wall. In the shade of tho apple-tree again Sho saw a rider draw his rein. And, gazing down with timid grace, Sho felt hid pleased eyes read her face. Sonietinies lu'r narrow kitelicn walla Stritchod iiWiiy into stately ]i;ills; Tho weary wheel to a spinnet turned, Tho tallow candlo an astral burned. And for him who sat by the chimney lug. Dozing and grumbling o'er pij)e and mug, A manly form at her side she saw, And joy was duty and love was law. Then she took up lier burden of life again* Saying only, " It might have been." Alaa ^or maiden, alas for Judge, For rich repiner and household drudgel r longuo or pen, " It might havo beanl" Ood pity them both! and pity ns all, \V iio vainly the tlrcams of youth rorall. For of all sad words of tonguo or pen, Tho HuddcHt aril tlicHc Ah, wclll for us all sonio sweet hope lies Deeply l)uriod from hunuin eyes; And, in the hiTcafler, angcU nuiy Itoll the stone from its grave awayl OFT, IN THE STILLY NIOHT. Oft in the stilly night, Ere slumlior s chain has bound me. Fond memory brings tiie light Of other days aroum' me; Tho smiles, tho tears, Of boyhooil's years, Tho words of lovo then spoken; Tho eves that sbono, Now (limm'd and gone, Tho cheerful hearid now brokeni ThuH, in tho stilly night. Ere slumber's chain hiid bound me. Sad memory brings the light Of other days around mo. When I romemborall Tho friends solinked together, I've seen around me fall. Like leaves in wintry weather; I feel like one, Who treads alone Some bannuct hall deserted, Whose lights are lied. Whoso garlands dead, And all but he departed! Thus, in tho stilly night, Ere slumber's chain has bound me. Sad memory brings the light Of other days around me. — TiiOMAa Moosa. IIEKEAFTER. land beyond tho setting sun! O realm nioro fair than poet's dreaml IIow clear thy silvery streamlets run, How bright thy golden glories gleam! Earth holds no counterpart of thine. The dark-browed Orient, jewel-crowned» Pales as she bows before thy shrine. Shrouded in mystery so profound. The dazzling North, the stately West, AVhoso rivers flow from mount to sea; Tho South, flower-wreathed in languid reat— What are they all compared with thee? All lands, all realms beneath yon dome. Where God's ovn hand hath hung the sttfi^ To thee witli humblest homage eoino, world beyond the crystal bars! Thou blest hereafter! Mortal tongue llath striven in vain thy speoch to learn. And fancy wanders, lost among The flowery paths for which we yearn. But well we know that, fair and bright. Far beyond human ken or dream, Too glorious for our feeble sight, Thy skies of cloudless azure beam. ' an Tim OROice puKMfl. \Vi' kiiDW tliy Imppy viilloyg lin III Rrofii ii'|)"80, Hiipri'iiiKlii' l)lc«tj W'li know it^tuiiNt thy mippliiru iiky 'i'liy riiDiiititiii {u'aku HiibJiiiioly rest. Ami "oiiii'tiiiiiM ovoii now wo ciitcli Faint ;,'lcainiii^'H from tlio fiir-olf hIion, Ami Hiill with t'aj;i'r ovfs wo watch Fur oMO Hwui't sign or token inoro. For oil, tho (l('i'|ily lovod uro thoro! 'I'ho liiav(>, ihi! i'air, tint jfooil, tiio wi«0. Who iiiiicil f(ir I liy Hcrcnor air, NorMhiiniir 1 tiiy hoIciiih inyHtorioH. Ther« urn tho Iiopca that, ono by one, Dicil even a-i wu ^javcthiMii birth; Tho ilrciiiiM tliat pacsod oro well hogun, Too dear, too beautiful for earth. The iwpirations, strong of wing, Aiming at heigiitH wu could nut reaoh; Tho 8ong:i wo tried in vain losing; Thoughts too VH«t for human speech; Thou hiirft them all. Hereafter! Thou (Siialt keo|) them naft ly till that hour When, with (iod'ij sinl on luarl and brow, Wo claim them in immortal power! CIIANdlX Whom lirat wo love, yon know, wo ^eldom wed. Time rules iisiill. And life, indeed, is not Tho tiiiii;; wo plaimeil it o.it, ere hope was dead; And tiieii. wo women cannot choose our lot. Much must boborno which it is hard to bear; Much given iiway v/hich it were sweet to keep. Ood help mall! who need, indeed. Ilia care; And yet. I know, the Shepherd loves Ilia sheep. -My little lioy lirgins to babble now, tfpon my knee, his earliest infant prnyer; He Inn IiiH father's eager eyes, I know; And, they .say, too, his mother's sunny hair. But when ho sleeps, and smiles upon my knee. And I can feel his ligiit breath como and go, I think of one (Heaven help and j)ity mo!) Who loved ino, and whom I loved, long ago. Who might havo been * * * nJi! what, I dare not think! Wo are all changed. God judges for us best. (Jod help us d.) our duty, and not shrink. And trust in Heaven humbly for tlic rest. But blame ns women not, if some appear Toocf.ld at times; and some too gay and light. Some griefs gnaw dee]). Some woes are hard to bear. Who knows the past, and who can judge us rightP Ah! were we judjrod by what we might have been. Ami not by what we are — too apt to fall! My littlo child — he sleeps and smiles between Theso thoughts and me. In heaven wo shall know all. OH. WHYSnOTTLD THE SPIRIT OP MORTAL BE PROUD ? ABRAHAM LINCOLN'S FAYORITK POEM. BY WILLIAM SHOX. Oh, why should tho spirit of mortal be proud? Like a swift-fleeting meteor, a fast-Hying cloud, A flash of tho lightning, a break of the wave, passes from life to his rest in the grave. The loaves of the oak and tho willow Khali fade, Ho scattered anni' laid; And the yoniig ami tho old, and the low and tho liigh, Hhall niolder to dust, and together Hhall lie. Tlii> infant a mother attended and loved, The mother that in Cant's alTection who proved, Tho husband tiiat mother and infant who blessed, Each, all, are away to their dwollingH of rest. Tho maid on wliosi' eheek, on wlior^e brow, in whose eye, iSlione beiMity and pliMisiire — lier triumphs are by; And (he nii'iijory of those who |ove