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^lOAAM HAYUfiY MASOf 
 
 ■» 
 
 '-^ 
 
 \ ■-■■ 
 
 X 
 
INTRODUCTION. 
 
 The several fjctters which have at different times been published by 
 the PetH'orth Emigration Committee, have been almost exclusively 
 from persons who had emigrated from that neighbourhood, or at least 
 from the North side of the Hills ; but as many Families have gone 
 out also from the South side, a publication of some of their letters may 
 be an object of greater interest to the Inhabitants of those Places, 
 most of whom know the writers by name and some of whom are per« 
 sonally acquainted with them. 
 
 Numerous as such Letters are, which have been received during 
 the last few years in all parts of Western Sussex, there is perhaps 
 scarcely an exception to the fact, that contentment and satisfaction 
 are the sum and substance of them. So that if the Emigration, thus 
 set on foot, be considered as an experiment, to provide for some of 
 those who were destitute, and to better the condition of the remainder 
 by diminishing the number of competitors who must necessarily di- 
 vide the Work with them : it would be difficult to adduce an instance 
 of any similar experiment, which had turned out more undeniably 
 successful. 
 
 Nevertheless in the commencement, and while the success was a 
 calculation rather then a certainty; doubt and distrust arose in the 
 minds of many to whom it was offered. In spite of want of work, 
 and consequent privation which they were experiencing at home } they 
 had not confidence and courage to venture Abroad : and every ab- 
 surd story, invented by the ignorant or designing was sufficient to 
 deter them. 
 
 Time and experience have now operated a total change in this 
 particular, the concurring accounts of so many Friends and Acquaint- 
 ances have converted the opinions of the most obstinate, and there is 
 scarcely a Labourer in Western Sussex, but is fully aware that with 
 health and willingness to work, he can instantly obtain comfort and 
 abundance in America, and after 5 or 6 years, become the Purchaser 
 and Proprietor of a small independent Farm. But the objections to 
 Emigration which were heretofore on the side of those to whom it 
 was proposed to undertake tlie Voyage have now only shifted their 
 ground to the side of those whoare to pay for it. The doctrine is 
 of late promulgated, that the excess of Labourers is less real, than 
 imaginary. There is certainly some truth in the assertion — and as 
 
IV 
 
 INTRODUCTION. 
 
 when pushed to its fullest extent the Theory is agreeable, it is often 
 hastily adopted, without submitting it to the test of examination. 
 
 That less excess exists than was generally imagined, the working 
 of the new Poor Law has happily made manifest. Numbers who 
 before claimed Paiish work upon t^e Roads, on the plea that tliey 
 must otherwise starve, have struck-out for themselves independent 
 means of subsistance, now that the only alternative is the workhouse. 
 But nevertheless where ever there is a Parish, wherein no work can 
 be obtained during the winter season for several of its well disposed 
 Laborers, such Parish must be admitted in fairness to have a super- 
 abundance of hands. The number in the Union Workhouse is not 
 always a fair criterion for deciding this question — many remain out 
 for weeks though earning nothing, in daily hopes that a better cliance 
 will turn up for them. 
 
 Where-ever also the wages of those constantly employed are in- 
 sufficient, when, allowed to find their natural level, to support a 
 family in decent respectability and comfort, there does not exist that 
 healthy proportion between labour and the demand for it, whicli a 
 well-wisher to the community would desire to see. The wages of 
 labour cannot properly be said to find their natural level, until every 
 master hires his labourers at the lowest price for Which he can obtain 
 their services, competition being allowed its full influence in the 
 transaction. But it is notorious that Farmers habitually look to the 
 price of bread and other necessaries, and raise their wages voluntarily 
 as these rise in price — fully conscious all the time that if they dealt 
 with their Carters and Ploughmen as they would deal for an article in 
 a shop or market, they could decidedly get the same work executed 
 on lower terms. In this, they act both wisely and humanely 3 and a 
 departure from such wholesome principles would in the long run, if 
 not immediately, tend to the disadvantage of both parties. But still 
 as long as this is the practice, and as long as it is thus customary and 
 commendable to act with tvages contrary to the general rule of deal- 
 ing, and not to leave them to the full agency of competition — the 
 proof is sufficient, that there is some redundancy in the labour market. 
 
 This redundancy may be neither great nor discouraging 3 and is 
 probably in due course of diminution, now that early improvident 
 marriages and illegitimate children are no longer encouraged by mis- 
 taken laws. But if any such redundancy be thus shewn, it must fol- 
 low of course that Emigration is good, till the equilibrium be restored. 
 And it is assuredly an additional aid towards the working of the new 
 system, and a relief to the temporary pressure of it. 
 
 /l\ 
 
LETTERS, &c, 
 
 ■i. 
 
 •-> *.... 
 
 
 LETTER I. 
 
 Young Street, York, Upper Canada, 
 '"^'^ '■ February 7, IH32. 
 
 My Dear Sister, 
 
 I now take the pleasure of writing 
 you and stating our welfare. We are ip perfect health, and 
 1 most sincerely hope this will find you in the same condition. 
 • We like the country much better than we did at first, because 
 in tliis province an honest and industrious mechanic will al- 
 ways earn more than in England^ and by a prudent course 
 of conduct may soon become independent. George gets 7s Gd. 
 Canada Currency per day, in the summer season, but during 
 the winter little work in his line of business (bricklaying) is to 
 be had. We have no intention of an immediate return to Eng- 
 land, because in this beautiful colony of the British Empire 
 mdustry and honesty will at all times procure a comfortable 
 living, 2 he taxes are very trifling, and lands may be pur- 
 chased at a moderate rate. We like most old country people, 
 arc, and ever will continue to be, affectionately attached to our 
 friends and our native land. We may perhaps return to En- 
 gland, or should it prove otherwise, we shall be very glad to 
 see our friends here, but desire to be distinctly understood to 
 invite none, because they might after arrival feel dissatisfied 
 with the manners and habits of the country, and thereby cen- 
 sure us for our good intentions. "In r letter to you, dear 
 Sister, we are to be understood as stating ci\z language of truth. 
 
 If any of our friends should come to this country, we are of 
 opinion they ivouldshew but little or no inclination to return 
 to Etigland, because here we have pence and plenty, and 
 (which we sincerely lament to observe Iry the public prints) 
 is not the case with you. 
 
 If you shall receive this letter, my dear Sister, write to your 
 Father and Mother, also to my Father and Mother, trans- 
 mitting this letter, and desiring all our Friends (and we love 
 them affectionately) to pay the inland postage of their letters 
 to us, or to get them franked. 
 
 Such letters as your friends and mine wish to direct to us, 
 you will have the goodness to send to Miss Emma Trew at 
 Mr. G. Halsted's Walberton, as that young lady is expected 
 to arrive at Quebec in the Spring, likewise respectfully de- 
 sirhig all letters for us to be addressed to the care of Thomas 
 
6 
 
 E. Trew, Esq., Commissary, Quebec. At your desire 
 combined with my own inclination and affection for you, I 
 wrote to you on our arrival at Quebec, but to my surprise and 
 disappointment have not received a single line from you. The 
 reason is, I think, you had forgotten to pay the inland postage 
 of your letters, without which they will not find their way to a 
 distant colony. 
 
 We are extremely anxious to hear how you all do, and 
 whether Fanny is gone to Gibraltar or not. Wc have written 
 three letters and others but recei 'ed no answers. We sin- 
 cerely desire you and all friends will write us without fail. 
 From yourself we look for a letter in the spring, and surely it 
 will contain as much news as the bounds of a single sheet 
 will contain. We have not for the last 5 months seen either 
 James or Mark Ruel or Jorden. We left them at Quebec and 
 have reason to think they have gone to the United States. 
 
 Desiring you to remember us very kindly and affectionately 
 to all enquiring friends, We remain, dear Eliza, your affec- 
 tionate brother and sister, 
 
 GEORGE and EMILY WELLS. 
 
 To Miss Wetls, Walberton, 
 
 LETTER II. 
 
 Thornhill, Young Street, Nov. 8, 1835. 
 
 Dbar Father and mother, 
 
 This comes with my kind 
 love to you, hoping that these few lines will find you in good 
 health, as it leaves me at present, thanks be to God. We 
 landed in York on the 25th of June, after a nine weeks pas- 
 sage. The 29th of May we saw the first land after we left 
 England, covered with snow. When we arrived Thomas 
 Messenger came on board the steamer and gave directions 
 where to find George Wells and the two Birchs, and I have 
 been at work for George Wells ever since. Cole is working 
 just bye, and Charles Leggatt is working about three miles 
 from here. Now we have had £2 10*. a month ever since 
 we have been here and our hoard, so we have nothing to get 
 but clothes. Dear Father and Mother we have a Church and 
 every thing as comfortable as we can wish, and I like the 
 country very well at present, it is far better than being behol- 
 den to the Parish. But in my next letter I shall be able to 
 tell you more about it, after 1 have been here a winter. Mr. 
 Birch, Mrs, Norris, G. Wells and all the Walburton peo- 
 ple live close together. James Birch is married to Frances 
 
Viney, from Climping. Remember mc to J. Ayling, II. Su- 
 tcr, and Master and Mrs. Millyard. 1 have not seen George 
 Suter yet, but I have heard that he was 50 miles from here. 
 I can assure you that any one can get a good livnig here if he 
 will work. So to conclude I send my kind love to you all, so 
 no more at present from your uflfectionatc son, 
 
 FRANK MKLLISH. 
 
 Remember G. Wells and Family to his father and mother 
 Direct to me at G. Wells' Thurnhill, Young Street, Toronto. 
 
 To milium Meilish-^PValberton. 
 
 LETTER III. 
 
 Thornhill, April IS, IS3(;. 
 
 f 
 
 7/ 
 
 Dear Uncle and Aunt, 
 
 I take opportunity of writing these few 
 lines, hoping they will find you as well as when we left, I am 
 happy to tell you we are all well, and doing well at present, I 
 like this country surprisingly. We were nine weeks on our 
 passage, and hada veryroughone. Give mylove tobrotherBcn 
 and sister Jane, I do not persuade them to come out, but if 
 they should come, they would do a great deal better here than 
 at home. I had to go thirteen miles after I had left the ship 
 to my sons' and there I found a good home ; they came to 
 meet me when 1 landed. 1 have got a good place, farming for 
 an English gentleman, my wages are £4 2s 6d per month.—' 
 Give my love to Thomas Bureh and his wife, and I hope they 
 are as well as when we left. 1 hope you will write as soon as 
 possible, and if any of you like to come out, you would do bet- 
 ter than at home — but 1 will not persuade you. Little George 
 bids me tell you, some one cut his pockets and took his six- 
 pence. Ask Ben if he has seen anything of George, I should 
 like to hear of him— when you write 1 should like to hear of 
 my old master, tell him this is a good place tor farmers, but 
 they must not think to do here as they do at home, telling men 
 if they do not like it they may go, for the masters here must 
 humble more to the men, than the men to the master. 
 
 I should like to hear from all my aunts and uncles, how 
 they are, and how they are doing, for we are all well and doing 
 well, and likely to do well. You may ask my sister, Winn, 
 if she recollects what she said on Yapton Bridge, when 1 said 
 1 hoped to do better here ; she said, she wished 1 might find 
 it so ; tell her I do find so ; all I am sorry for is, that 1 did not 
 come sooner. Frank Mellish is well, and doing well; Charles 
 Lcggatt is well and doing well, he makes my house or my son's 
 
8 
 
 house Ills home. William Cole is with George Wells, he is 
 very well. Tell Mr. Jay 1 have not heurd anything of Henry 
 Jny, nor my son that came out before me. Kdmund &. Jamctf 
 si'nd their love to uncle, he must tell George Bluckman not to 
 think we sent for father and mother to eat one another. Re- 
 member Edward to George Ostand, Instead of eating one 
 another as Oeorge Blackman said^ I can buy a whole Hog at 
 a time. Direct to me Thornhill, George ^street, Upper Cana- 
 da. Tell Thomas Falkner we have better windows here than 
 he has in his church. 1 must conclude with best wishes for 
 your welfare — your affectionate nephew and niece, 
 
 MARY & EDWARD BURCH. 
 
 To Mr, George Burch, thatcher. 
 
 ) 
 
 LETTER IV. 
 
 ■{ ' ^ 
 
 ir? 
 
 Thornhill, Young Street, July 24, 1830'. 
 
 Dear Father and Mother, 
 
 I take the pleasure of writing a few 
 lines to you hoping by the blessing of God it will find you all 
 well, as I am happy to say it leaves me at present, thank God 
 for it. Dear Father and Mother, we had a very fine voyage 
 indeed, we were six weeks coming to Quebec ; we had no 
 rough weather except two or three days, the 2nd and 3rd of 
 May, when the sea was very rough. I was sea sick three days 
 and so we were all, but pr^or Jemmy Millyard was sick for 
 three weeks, he was very bud indeed. But I should not care 
 no more of coming over the water than I should of going over 
 the sheep-wash. On the 10th of May we saw icebergs and 
 we saw nearly fifty, and on the 25th of May we had snow four 
 inches thich on the deck, and we snow balled one another till 
 we got wet through. 
 
 Dear brother Henry, I wish you was here my boy, but stop 
 till next spring and come out with Bob, and don't hire till you 
 get up to me, for you don't know who you may hire with. 
 Dear friend, when we landed at Toronto, we were walking up 
 the Town, and we went to where Mark Messenger lived, and 
 we went up to his house and slept there that night, and wc 
 came up to Thornhill the next day with Edmund Birch, he 
 goes down to Toronto every day, so we got up to George 
 Lintot with Edmund and we stopt with George that week, and 
 we have all got work. 
 
 George Lcprgatt is at work about one mile from Thornhi 
 he have S dollars a month and his meat. 
 
 Y 
 
•I> 
 
 <v 9 
 
 John Norris And George Booker is nbout ten mileii from 
 George Lintot, George has ten dollars, und John eight dollars 
 a month. 
 
 George Cole is with George Wells. 
 
 Charles Richards is about four miles from George. 
 
 James Millyard is eleven miles from here, be is gone pren- 
 ticed to a Carpenter. 
 
 Thomas Norris has got a place, and has hired for a month. 
 
 Richard Cooper is at work for Mark Messenger and Corne- 
 lius Cook is at work at Toronto, he hired the second day we 
 landed, and John Ewens he hired at Toronto as a Butcher's 
 boy, he has not been up to Thornhitl at all. 
 
 Ruth Leggatt is with Gdniund Birch, and i have hired up at 
 Newmarket for eleven dollars. I have got a very good place 
 about eighteen miles from George Lintot. I got a horse i .id 
 came down to write this letter home, but 1 must get back 
 to night. I have been at farming work, and been a mowing a 
 day or two and a shoveling about, I don't work hard, but I 
 lives very well, that is £2 155, a month and my board and 
 lodgings, that is better than working in En<Tlan('. There is 
 Charles Leggat and William Cole and all the Birch's, Henry 
 Norris and wife and two children, George Wells, B. Lintot, 
 George Lintot and wife is quite well, they have one child. 
 Frank Mellish and all is quite well, and all close together, 
 makes quite a little Walberton all together. Never be afraid 
 to come to America, don't be afraid to come, you will do 
 better here. Give my love to Robert and all enquiring friends. 
 When you write direct to me at George Lintot's, Thornhill, 
 Upper Canada. I will write soon and tell Bob all about it. 
 Give my love to all, and write again soon. 
 
 Mr, William Ayliiig, JOHN AYLING. 
 
 fFalburton, Sussex^ near Arundel^ England^ 
 by way of Neiv York. 
 
 LETfER V. 
 
 Plimpton, half-past 7 oVIouk, Monda; Night, Feb. 8, 1836. 
 
 Dear Sir — I received your letter in Sept. 
 
 I am sorry to hear the sad state that England is in, I 
 
 think you had better come to this country if you wish to be in- 
 dependent ot any other man — a man in this country have no 
 
 business, to for any body but his self after he have been 
 
 in th s country three years if he is industrious. Wcare now liv- 
 ing on our own produce, pork is scarce in this township — we 
 have just killed a Sow that weighed about 250lbs. . .we have 3 
 young sows, about 5 months old, so we shall have plenty ano- 
 ther year, and every thing that we wish for — we have a yoke of 
 Steers to break in the spring, 2 good cows and 2 calves a year 
 
10 
 
 old— we have no mill in the township as yet, we are sawinj^ the 
 timber for one to be built in the summer, it is a ion;; road to 
 one — we have plenty of sawing handy home about half-a-mile, 
 and from that to 5 miles more than we can do, hut thank God 
 we shall not want to do any much longer. Tell ThomasWest 
 he should not fail in coming, for it will be the best thing he 
 ever done for himself — when first I came I thought I would go 
 back to England, bull got acquainted after a little and thought 
 no more about it — if 'I'homas West comes out and thinks of 
 getting land, he had better come up pretty handy to us, for it 
 is good land, but if he do not mean to farm, labour, I think, is 
 better further down the country; but if a man wishes to do 
 good for himself he had better farm — but tell him not to take 
 cleared farms at halves, for there is plenty would let farms at 
 halves, or so much a year, it is a bad plan, for when you leave 
 it you are no better than when you first came to this country, 
 but when you clear a farm yourself it is your own. — here is 
 trouble you will find when you come to this country for 2 or 3 
 years and then you will begin to be comfortable. We have 
 9 acres of land to clear off in the spring, we have 6 acres of 
 wheat sewed — we have built a barn 32ft long, 22 wide — we had 
 good crops of every thing last year that we could wish for — 
 Father's family is small now, only 4 at home besides myself 
 and Absolom — we have 240 acres of land amongst us — Eliza 
 lives at her old place still — tell Grandmother, Reuben is a good 
 thrasher — Mother and Eleanor have many a battle about the 
 barn, she is so fond of thrashing she cannot keep her out of the 
 barn, here is not hardly a man in the township that can thrash 
 as much as them two. Apples about 40 miles from us have been 
 selling at 2d per bushel all this last year— you take 2 barrels 
 they will fill one with cider for you for the empty one, and as 
 many as you like on the same terms. Provisions are not so 
 cheap as when we caire, but cheaper than in England — they 
 have been bringing fresh pork from Upper Canada and selling 
 4d per lb, audit is getting lower — flour 6| dollars for 196lbs — 
 tell Thomas West if he comes to bring some seeds such as clo- 
 ver and grass — plum stones and apple pips. Yours &c. &c. 
 
 TIMOTHY TRUSSLER.* 
 
 P.S. If ThomasWest comes I wish he would bring me | doz 
 
 sacks, i doz Birmingham reap hooks, a prong that will answer 
 
 fur a pitch prong or barn & a hog killing knife & 1 will pay him. 
 
 To Mr. William Luff^ Sawyer, 
 
 Famhurst Cross, Susseip, 
 Near Haslermre, Surrey, Old England. 
 
 • Emigrated with his father John Trussier and his uncle George Trusslor and 
 liieir wives and families, twenty individualb in all, from Steep, Hants, in a Ship 
 «ent bv the Petworth Committee in 1833. (Mason, Printer.