IMAGE EVALUATION TEST TARGET (MT-3) 1.0 ^1^1^ ^ m Sf t& no Mm I.I lis Uj^ 6" Hi0t!ogra{^ Sdeooes CarporatiQn 23 WKT MAM STIHT WIISTM,N.Y. 14StO (71«)t72-4S03 4^ ^^n indiqu* ci*daasou8. 10X 14X lax 22X 2BX 30X \/^ 12X lex aox MX SIX a2x Th« oopy film«d h«r« has b««n r«produc«d thanks to th« ganarosity of: National Library of Canada L'axamplaira film* fut raprodult grAca A la gAnArosit* da: Bibliothdqua natlonala du Canada Tha Imagaa appaaring hara ara tha baat quality posslbia eonaldarlng tha condition and laglbliity of tha original copy and in kaaping with tha filming contract spacif Icatlons. Las Imagaa suivantas ont 4tA raprodultas avac la plus grand aoln. compta tanu da la condition at da la nattat* da raxamplaira filmt, at an conformity avac la* conditions du contrat da filmaga. Original copias in printad papar covara ara filmad baglnning with tha front covar and anding on tha laat paga with a printad or illuatratad impras- ston, or tha back covar whan appropriata. 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Les diagrammes suivants iilustrent la mAthodo. 1 2 3 a2x 1 2 3 4 5 6 iH< •♦^6^ I i '■^f cms THE SY REOIPBJ {«" TH THE .HOME DOCTOR: OR, FAMILY MANUAL, OIVIKO TBI CAVSES, SYMPTOMS, iHTD TREATMENT OF DISEASES; WITH AN ACCOUNT OF THE SYSTEM WHILE IN HEALTH, AND RULES FOR PRE- SERVING THAT STATE, APPIKDID TO WHICH AHB REOIPES FOR MAKING VARIOUS MEDICINES AND ARTI- CLES OF DIET FOR THE SICK ROOM. m - ♦ THE WHOIiB WRITTEN FOB OBNIRAL USB BY JOHN B. NEWMAN, M. D.. STRATFORD : PRINTED AND PUBLISHED BT VIVIAN & CQ^ 1864, PREFACE. There is an anecdote about an ass, laden with salt, passing a brook, the water of which dis- solved most of the salt, and carried it off, to the great joy of the ass, who was thus unexpectedly relieved from his burden. On communicatingf his discovery to a brother ass, laden with wool, the latter took occasion to cross the brook, but instead of having his load lightened, was obliged, to his great chagrin, to carry three times the for- mer weight. In the same position as the advised animal, many persons find themselves, who, on feeling unwell, have been induced to trv a remedv which had cured some one else, merely on the supposi- tion that aii their disease was perhaps of the same nature, it would cure them. And if unfortunate results do not always follow when medicines are pre-'cribed at random, and in ignorance, it is surely a matter of chance. But there should l»e some guide of proceeding when accidents occur, and the physician cannot be obtained ; or when, as in the country, he lives at a distance of matiV miles. At those times a prompt and accurate prescriber is invaluable, and such it is the object of this book to become. PRBVAOS. Last year my name was used without my pex* mission, in an indirect manner, in connection with a compilation of scraps, got up for the pur- pose of selling as a "doctor book." This de- termined me to write a book on the subject, that would be really useful, and capable of being un- derstood by every family in the land ; and the present undertaking is the fulfilment of that in- tention. The symptoms of each disease are carefully given, so that one kind may be recognised from another, to prevent practising in the dark ; alsa the treatment; a sketch of general physiology, and rules for keeping in health, together with observations on their causes, means of avoid- in gr deleterious influences, and such other re- marks as are deemed appropriate ; ending with some recipes. The remedies chosen are few in number, and simple in character, and no danger can attend their administration as directed. More vegetables would . have been mentioned, were it not that a book devoted solely to popular Medi- ical Botany will accompany this, and furnish on that point all the desired information. r. .* pel* ction pur- i de- that ^ un- \ the It in- sfuUy froxn also. )logy. with Lvoid- r re- with ew in anger More ere it Medi- sh on CONTENTS. I . \ THB 8Y8TBM IN A STATE OF HEALTH. Prince's Feather^— Life-power in the human germ — Anatomy of the body ^Digestion in the stomach — Milk-carriers— Pro- cess of supplying the system with nutriment — Kidneys and their office— Quantity of blood in the body— Hearts pump two hogsheads an hour through them — Lungs want one hun- dred and forty gallons of air every hour— Bed-rooms — Per- spiration — Teeth — Cure of awkwardness - 9—14 THE STSTElf IN A STATE OF DISEASE. Atrophy - • Page 20 Apoplexy - *- - - 47 Asthma - • - 55 Bilious Headache - - 31 Bleeding from the Nose 34 •* •' Lungs - 38 Bronchial Consumption 73 Burns .... 83 Boils .... 87 Bleeding from Wounds - 91 Conservative Principle - 15 Children's Diseases- - 17 Colic ... - 27 Common Colds • - 33 Coughs .... 33 Oroup - . . 35 Consumption - . .39 Colera Morbus • • 56 Continued Fever - . fiO Chicken Pock > . 60 Cow-pox ... 69 Chronic Bronchitis . 73 Catarrhal Consumption > 74 Cramps in the Legs > 81 •• •> Stomach 82 Corns - - . . 82 Chapped Hands - 85 » Lips - - 86 Chilblains • • - 89 Pagefti Cancer Clergymen's Sore Throat Cookery for the Sick Dropsy of the Head - Dyspepsia ... Diarrhoea . . - - Dysentery ... Dropsy . - . - *' of the Chest Delirium Tremens - Diabetes ... Dyspeptic Consumption - Diseases of the Skin Disturbed Sleep Deafness ... Drowning . - - Kpilepsy ... Earache . Erysipelas ... Excessive flow of the Menses Excessive Cold Foul Stomach Falling Sickness Flooding from the Womb Fever and Ague False Fever and Ague - General Dropsy Gravel . - - Gout .... 91 95 19 23 27 28 32 38 N ^ W-. iK, 74 78 80 85 90 47 49 50 54 88 23 47 53. 70 73 33 41 4S 6 00NYSNT8. Geoeral Causes of Disease, and means of avoiding them 91 Heartburn Headache - - - Hysterics - - - - Hiccup . - - - Imitation of Mother's Milk Indigestion ... Inflammation of the Stomach " " Intestines «« M t< Liver Chest Kidneys Bladder Brain •» " Eye " " Womb Inflammatory Fever - Immoderate flow of Urine Itch . . - - Issues . - - - Jaundice - - - - King's Evil - Looseness of Bowels Locked Jaw • Mumps . - - - Measels _ - - Modified Small-Pox - Nettle Rash fiift,n* Mare - - - Obstrucoon of the Menses Piles . - - - Palpitation of the '!eart Quinsy Sore Throat Rickets - - - Reention of Urine Rheumatism Ring Worm . - - Rupture in Children Rush of Blood to the Head 23 46 52 57 18 23 25 26 31 37 40 41 46 48 54 57 53 77 87 30 21 27 51 37 61 68 60 80 54 29 42 36 20 88 SI 22 41 43 50 51 60 62 65 72 7» 78 79 83 84 84 84 88 88 17 51 58 79 86 87 16 25 88 60 19 20 22 30 58 55 88 85 86 60 THE HOME DOCTOR. ^^»^^^^^^^»#^^^^^N^fc^»^>^>^>^ PART I. f H2 SYSTEM IN A STATE OF HEALTH. Is my garden, towering above the common flowers, is a Princess Feather eight feet in height, and over an inch in diameter; its large,* eeg-sbaped, awl-pointed leaves, and numerous terminal plumes of red flowers, makine it a showy and imposing object. Who, upon surveying the plant in all its magnificence, would suppose that this spring it was a little seed, much smaller than a pin*s head ? Yet, such is the fact. That diminutive seed had a living inhabitant, which, roused to action, by the warmth of tne early year, took the dirt and water that surrounded it, as materials for building up its present splendid palace. About the same size as the seed just mentioned, is the human germ : its life-power, when once excited, takes the blo(3 furnished it by the parent, and from it makes a heart and blood-vessels, to carry nutriment to every part, perfects the intestinal canal, bones, muscles, brain, and nervous system, until in the adult all these have attained their just dimensions, and are in complete work- ing order. The human body, or house of the soul, when it has attained to the same state of maturity as the Prince's Feather when flowering, contains within itself two hun- dred and forty-eight distinct bones, and nearly five hundred muscles : the muscle is that part of an animal 10 THI 8T8TBM IN HBALTII. termed its flesh. It has also two brains, with then accompanying nerves : two hearts, each of wh«cb pumps a hogshead of blood an hour through it; the veins belonging to the right heart, the arteries to the lefl: twp lungs, which principally fill up the chest, having three lobes on the right side and two on the left, the room for the third lobe being occupied by the hearts ; some thirty feet of intestinal tube, part of which swells out just below the midrilF, forming a bag capa- ble of holdmg one or two quarts, called the stomach two kidneys, each of which sends a tube to the bladder and finally, numberless glands scattered through the body for the manufacture of various secretions, as tears, bile, and spittle. The human body is divided, anatomically, into th(> head, trunk, superior extremities, or arms, inferior ex tremities, or legs. The trunk is subdivided into^hree parts : The chest, or thorax, containing the lungs and hearts Tie belly, or abdomen, containing the stomach spleen, pancreas, sweet-breads, intestines and liver. The pelvis, or that part within the hips, containing the bladder and rectum, or lower portion of^the intestines. The chest and belly are diviaed from each other by the midriff, or diaphragm. When food is taken into the mouth, the first act of digestion is performed by the spittle, or saliva, beinjk poured out upon it from the salivary glands around the mouth : it is then swallowed, descending a part of the intestinal tube, called esophagus, into the stomach ; whei there, the stomach pours out a juice upon it which com- pletely dissolves it and changes its whole character, turning it into a grayish looking fluid called chyme : no matter what kind of food has been eaten, the chyme is exar-'tly the same quality. The stomach contracts on i'.^if and the chyme is pushed further down the intestinal tube ; soon after leaving the stomach it passes by a small canal leading to the liver and sweetbreads, through which a mixed liquor runs (composed of bile from the liver and the secretion of the sweetbreads) TBI ■T4TB1I IN HBALTH. 11 this leparates the chyme into two parts, chyle, or milk, and excremeotitious matter, which last traverses the bowels and is finally thrown off» Stationed all round the intestinal tube, from this place downwards, are millions of little vessels called lacteals, or milk-carriers ; these suck up the chyle, and the chyle alone, with extreme avidity, and carry it to the mesen- teric glands to be further evaporated ; after leaving them it is carried to the chest duct, from whence it is deposited in a reservoir of venous blood in the neck ; the right heart then takes charge of it and pumps it through the lungs, where it receives its last aegree of purification. From th? lungs it is carried to the left heart, and by it and the arteries taken to every part of the system to supply its wants. The arteries continually subdivide until they terminate into minute cells : opening into these little bladders or cells, are three vessels : an artery, a vein and absorbent. The artery carries a drop of blood into the cell, from this the absorbent selects what it re- quires and carries it off; if in a muscle, fibrin is taken away ; if in a bone, lime, etc., etc. ; the vein sucks u( what is left and carries it away. The renal arteries go to the kidneys to supply them with the means of secreting urine ; most likely with the urine, oifensive articles that may have accidentally en tered the blood are taken away, for turpentine and simi- lar substances may be smelt in it almost immediately after being swallowed. The skin and kidneys seem to alternate in their functions ; when there is a great deal of perspiration there is but little urine, and vice versa; every one has felt this difference in the changes induced by the warmth of summer and the cold of winter. It has been calculated that the quantity of blood in the adult human body is about 28 pounds, of which some 22 pounds are contained in the veins and 6 pounds in the arteries. The brain secretes the nervous fluid which is carried to all parts of the body, urging every organ to the per 19 THB SYSTEM IN HBALtH. fortnance of its proper functions ; when we wish to move the arm or leg, some of this nervous fluid is sent down through the nerves to the appropriate muscles and causes their contraction and consequent obedience to our wishes. I have mentioned that each heart pumps through it, at least one hogshead of blood per nour ; one of these logsheads passes through the lungs, and to purify it we *equire 140 gallons per hour of pure air for respiration. It can easily be seen from this that one person can in a very short space of time vitiate the air of a large room ; hence one of the most frequent causes of disease, re- maining in apartments where there is no draught and in which the air becomes poisoned. More especially is this the case in bedrooms. No person should sleep in a room in which there is not a fire-place ; when this is open a good supply of pure air is certain, and by leaving a window a little open from the top a passage is secured for the foul air to escape. As an immense amount of both sensible and insen- sible perspiration is continually passing off through the skin, it becomes an important ob]ect to keep the surface of the body perfectly clean. For this purpose, if we do not bathe every morning, and all have not the means of doing this, a wet sponge should be passed over the body the first thing on rising, and the rubbing dry be done with a coarse towel, so as to bring a glow over the whole surface. .It may require a little effort to do this the first time, but it is done with pleasure the second, for it invariably surprises those who try, to feel the strength and lightheartedness it imparts. Cases of confirmed melancholy have been cured in this way alone, when all other means had failed. Keep the teeth clean ; use a tooth brush at least once every day. If it is unpleasant to see the hall door and steps of a house dirty, how much more unfavorably does it strike us to perceive the door to the house of the soul kept in a slovenly condition. A foul mouth ensures decaying teeth and a foul stomach, complicated with c THB SYSTEM IN HEALTH. 13 3 wish to lid is sent muscles )beclience irough it, J of these rify it we spiration. can in a ge room ; ease, re- ight and specially uld sleep i'hen this , and by ' passage Sinsen- ugh the i surface le, if we e means ►ver the dry be )w over rt to do second, 'eel the ases of is way ist once )or and /^orably 3 of the insures id with I headache. I have in some instances sent dyspeptic patients to the dentists to get their teeth cleaned and put in order, and nothing more was necessary to com- plete the cure. ^ Eat leisurely, and at regular hours ; chew the food long enough to allow the spittle to mix thoroughly with 'it; introduce cheerful conversation at meals, and you will laugh and ^row fat, or at least digest well. Let your meal consist of but few articles, and those well cooked, with as little as possible spice or seasoning ; and unless you work very hard and m cold weather too, avoid fat and grease ; in these circumstances they are Doth allowable and beneficial. Contrary to the often quoted maxim, I would advise that you never rise from the table with an appetite, that is, if there is enough at the board to satisfy : you sit down for the sole purpose of eating, and if the viands are simple there is but little dan- ger of a surfeit. Never use tea and cofiee without the ad- dition of sugar and milk. Do not omit to partake liberally of the ripe fruits in their season. Retire early to bed ; it has been said with truth that "an hour before midnight is worth two after it.*' Rise early, but sleep enough to satisfy nature : many persons have been injured by lying a-bed, but few by over- sleeping. Upon retiring at night allow no clothes to remain on the body that nave been worn during the day. Dress comlbrtably, that is, warmly and loosely. It is a good practice in our changeable climate, especially on the sea coast, to wear flannel or silk under garments the year round. In walking or sitting always expand the chest and throw the head back ; neglect of this will be sure to induce a great deal of awkwardness. In forming the habit, many persons have found it useful to practise in their own rooms, balancing weights on the head ; they begin with a large and moderately heavy book, and end with a jug of water : when the last can be supported without the aid of the hands, in either a slow or rapid 14 THB SYSTEM IN RBALTH. ' walk, the cure is perfect, and an amount of ease and gracefulness attained that seemed before trying alto gether incredible. Lastly, I would earnestly impress on the minds o( dLd the great danger of talking medicines as preventive.*:. " Sufficient for the day is the evil thereof." Many take medicine spring and rail to keep well, and in doing i\un often bring on themselves the very diseases they wiabeo to prevent. i TBS 8TSTBM IN Dl$|LaaS< 15 Lse and g alto inds of jntives. ny takf ing i\nn wiabeo PART II. THE SYSTEM IN A STATE OF DISEASE. Unfortunately, many persons, perhaps all, are born into this world with a predisposition to disease ; at all events, if not born with it they induce the liability by their own imprudent conduct. Instead of learning the laws of health, they remain contentedly in perfect igno- rance of them ; the lungs are charged with foul and noisoned air, the stomach filled to surfeit with improper and highly seasoned food, or the body exposed without any guard to every atmospheric change : in truth, all tnese and many other causes are often combined together, and disease must be the inevitable result. I do not wish it to be understood as meaning by this that a knowledge of physiology alone will always pre- serve health; something more is needed, for although to know is good, to do is better. It has been said of physicians themselves, that thiey are the guide-posts to health, they point to show the road, on which they seldom travel. "They know the right and they approve it too, They know the wrong and yet the wrong pursue.*' And this state of things will doubtless continue until the great majority learn all about these laws, when they will become the fashion, and most probably be univer- sally followed. There is in the body a secret principle, which never manifests itself except to cure in disease. When un- healthy influences operate on the life-power, it sinks under them, and a chill is distinctly felt ; the sinking would continue until death ensued were it not for this secret principle, called the conservative power, or Vis Medicatrix Natukjb : this power rises up and does 16 THS 8T8TBM IN DISBASB battle with the injurious influence, the fever and other symptoms that are seen succeeding the chill, not being the aisease itself, but merely signals thrown out by the conservative power to show that it is battling for our good. It is on this conservative principle that the entire practice of medicine is founded. When it can battle with the injurious influence by itself, and require no assistance, we call it, " getting well of itself." But sometimes it fails to conquer, and we have to come to its aid. There can be but one disease at a time in the system, but that disease may vary, as the life-power is always liable to be differently impressed by new agents. It is the object of the physician, when the conserva tive principle cannot hope for success in its combat, to produce a different disease, by causing a new impres- sion on the life-power, one which experience has told us the vis medicatrix can conquer. Medicines then never cure of themselves ; they only induce a different disease : it becomes a matter of great moment in consequence, to administer the most appro- priate, so that the mildest effect may be produced and the patient recover as soon as possible. Medical substances never operate by mixing with the blood and purifying it; it would be an exceedingly difficult matter for them to obtain access to the blood, and even provided they did obtain access, they would be instantly removed by either the lungs, skin or kid- neys. Nature has guarded the passages to the blood- vessels with the utmost care, for it is absolutely neces- sary that nothing mixes with the blood : common air, one of the most harmless substances we know of, when mixed with venous blood in the veins, will cause instant death : one bubble will suffice to do this. Whenever a cure is effected in disease it is nature diat performs it, in other words, the vis medicatris workmg for her. Medicine improperly given will diake the mattei TREATMENT OF CHILDREN. 17 d othbr »t being t by the for our 3 entire ;nce by * getting have to much worse. Never prescribe unless you feel sure of the result, for greater risk in such cases is incurred by acting than by waiting. As a general rule, gratify the longings of the patient. The lower animals know by instinct the medicines that can cure them ; man, in disease, has often a develope- Iment of the same nature, and to refuse what is required at such times will often injure the patient and retard the cure : sometimes the desire is morbid, and gratifi- cation would only injure : such cases I will endeavor to point out in their proper places. system, alwava ts. onserva- mbat, to impres- has told ley only of great appro- ced and ng with edingly blood, ^ would or kid- blood- neces- lon air, ', when instant nature dicatria mattei TREATMENT OP CHILDREN. The heat of the human body is 98 degrees, so that as sudden changes are dangerous, the newly born child should be kept in a warm place and sheltered from cur- rents of air. It should be allowed to rest in quiet, and not handled or toyed with as is the practice of too many It should be fed at regular hours three or four times a day, and then not allowed to suck until it has gorged itself so as to induce vomiting; its stomach soon aftei birth is not larger than a common thimble, so that quite a small quantity will suffice to fill it. Wash it every morning in tepid water ; fortunately the times are long past when it was considered absolutely necessary to plunge the poor little innocent in cold wa- ter; a practice thought in former years very strengthen- ing, but which in reality was murderous. In every case avoid giving medicines to infants. If the poor child does not sleep well at night, an opiate ot some kind is administered, either paregoric or Godfrey's cordial ; in some cases laudanum itself. If the bowels are bound, castor oil is given, if loose, tincture of rhubarb ; and thus the nurse or mother begins by turning its stom- ach into a drug depot. Not even temporary benefit is obtained, and the poor child is permanently injured. If the child cries much and is restless, examine its clothes carefully to see that nothing is producing irrita- tion ; let the room be pioperly warmedt a good supply of 18 TREATMENT OF CBILDBSIT. pure air ensured and vent given to that which is foul. Feed it less frequently, for sometimes it lal^ors lender a continual surfeit. If all these means prove inefficacious and resort must be had to medicine, let it ho given to the nurse, and the desired effect will be produced.— This very fact should make tbn nurse or mother careful with regard to her own health, lor any illness in her telU at once on the child. Rather than run much risk in the matter, when nurse or mother is diseased, it is better to bring the child up by hand : the best preparation for doing wis, similatinjor more closely than any thing else the mother's milk is composed of: Cows milk, two parts, Water, one part. White sugar, enough to slightly sweeten. Let it be fed to the child at the same temperature as the warm milk itself. As the child grows older and the teeth begin to appear, a diarrhoea will set in to carry the irritation off*, so as to keep it from the brain. Do not heed this so long as the discharges present a natural color.— When the color of the discharge from the bowels changes, it is well, if there is much neat about the gums, to lance them. If the head becomes very warm, keep moderately cold wetted cloths around it These means will generally give relief. If the bowels continue loose, arrowroot will often, make them return to a natural state : in some such cases it will often be found advisable to add a teaspoon full of powdered chalk to a cup full of the arrow root jelly. If the bowels are too much bound, barley water will relax them. Children have often occasional coughs and colds ; fi>r these the wearing of flannel under-garments will suffice, together with an occasional mustard plaster laid be- tween two cloths on the chest until redness is induced. In cases of fits or convulsions, put them at once into a warm bath as hot as they can bear, of course less hot thap would be uncomfortable to us, for their skins are more ten 4er. When takeji outof it apply strong icii^tard plasters DROPSY OF THE HEAD. 19 ♦o the soles ot* the feet, and iced water to the head, which in extreme cases should be poured on it from a height of two or three feet. If the fit has been produced by eating too much, or something that is disagreeable, give an emetic of some 6 grains of Ipecac, if the child is un- der 3 years old, and 10 grains or more if over that age. The quantity, of medicine if given at all in moderation, cannot injure, as the moment vomiting is induced every thing is immediately ejected from the stomach. If the fit arises from other causes it will be well to give &. table spoonful ofEpsotri Salts dissolved in half a glass or less of water, for a child 3 years old, increasing the dose accord- ing to the age of the child. DROPSY OF THE HEAD WATER ON THE BRAIN Children affected with this disease frequently roll the head from side to side and put the hands up to it ; as the disease progresses there is evident symptoms of pain, they acquire a stupid look : there is often sickness at the stomach and vomiting : when a light is held suddenly up to the eye, the pupil will not contract : the pulse beats very slowly, and convulsions often occur. This affection rarely or never attacks children beyond the age of 13 years. It is probably brought on by falls or blows, and most generally in children of a rickety or scrofulous constitution. It is very rarely cured. The amount of water collected on the bruin varies from a gill to many pints. When this disease is accompanied by fever it is very easy of detection, but when there is none, the first symj>- toms that generally alarm parents are, the dislike of being moved, costiveness and soreness of the skin on the head, and then follows the state of torpor, and the eyes often squint. Considerable blood must be taken from the temples by leeches : the bowels operated upon by powerful pur- ging medicines ; the head shaved and ice applied to it in bladders : mustard draughts to the feet and inside of the thighs. The diet should be very light, principally bar- m KZ0KBT8*— ATROPBT. ley. Keeping the boweld open and the head cool must be the extent of our aim, and these means continued either to a fortunate or fatal termination. RICKETS. Easily known by the large head and protruded breast bone, the forehead stares out prominently : the ribs are flattened : the belly is very large and puffed out : the muscles soft: the joints very large in proportion to what they should be : the whole system is very weak, and ev- ery movement is made slowly and with difficulty. As the disease progresses the belly becomes harder and the bowels very loose ; a slow fever succeeds with cough and trouble in breathing, until death finally comes to the relief of the sufferer. It generally attacks children between the ages of nine months and two years. The object of the treatment is to build up the general health. Look well to the child^s diet, let it be simple and nourishing : if the appetite is poor an emetic of 5 grains of Ipecac will be useful : il the bowels are too much bound, gentle doses of rhubarb is the best medicine to open them, as it strengthens at the same time. As the bones and the spine of the back are often distorted, means must be used to give support wherever needed. The child should wear flannel, and be much out in the open air. Warm fomentations ap- plied to the belly will often be attended with considera- ble benefit. I have given in this disease Lugol's solu- tion of Iodine, half a drop three times a day, with mark- ed success : it must be given immediately after each meal. WASTINa AW AT, OR ATROPHY, In which there is a gradual wasting away of the body, without apparent fever or cough ; appetite poor ; belly rather hard, little knots being felt when trie hand is pressed over it. This is to be treated in much the same way as Rickets ; raise the general health by nutritioud 'fiet, exercise in the open air, use of flannel, warm fo* cx?entations, Lugol's solution, and open bowels. ■OBOVULA. SCROPULA, Obtained its name from a word meaning swine, be- cause that animal is said to be subject to it. It is most- ly derived by children from their parents. It seems a defect in the constitution rather than a disease in itself. Scrofulous children are the ones affected with rickets, water in the head, etc. It is known by a smooth fine skin, almost transparent, fair hair, rosy cheeks and joints large in proportion to the rest of the body : the upper lip is promment and the eyes often very bright. It often gives notice of its ap- pearance afler the third year by little round or egg- shaped tumors under the skin appearing mosdy on the sides of the nock. It seems as if they were occasioned by colds, as tbey appear almost always in winter and spring; the swelling once produced, nature has no power to remove it, and there the swellings generally remain unattended by pain or discoloring of the skin : sometimes the joints are affected. The tumors sometimes continue through life without any apparent alteration ; but more generally they at length become larger, of a purple or livid color, form matter and break, not at one point, but into many little holes from which a thickish watery discharge ouzes, in which is mixed little substances resembling milk curds. The tumors at length empty themselves, but open sores remain for sometime afterwards, eating their way in va- rious directions : if any heal, an ugly puckered up spot remains, and fresh swellings arise and break in other parts of the body. Sometimes afler continuing in this w^ for years, all dry up and disappear. In other cases the eyes become anected and blindness results ; so with the ears, and deafness ensues : the joints also enlarge, and hence those dreadful cases of white swelling. The ereat object in the treatment is to improve the geiMsral nealth ; for this purpose, the means recommend- ed in rickets may be advantageously used ; but the main reliance in eveiy case must be placed in the prep- M FOUL 890MA0H— RBABT-BVBN. arations of Iodine, particularly Lugol's solution* The treatment of scrofulous sores does not vary much from that used for other kinds. WATER CURE TREATMENT OF INFANTS BY PRIESSNITZ. In derangements of the stomach and bowels, a soft wet bandage is applied, or the child placed up to the waist in water luke-warm; the bowels being gently rubbed; an injection of cold or tepid water is now and then given. When the fever that accompanies teething arises to too great a heis^ht, a well wrung bandage is applied to every part of the shoulders and chest in the manner of a shawl ; when it becomes hot i^ must be renewed. In all feverish complaints, he wraps the child in a wet sheet, which is renewed when it becomes warm ; the child is then put in a tepid bath : it is kept as much as possible in bed. He applies the same treatment to the eruptive diseases, such as measles, small pox and scarlet fever, and it is said with signal success. SORE MOUTH. This always indicates some derangement in the ftmc- tions of the stomach, and should therefore be placed under the head of FOUL STOMACH. { Which is denoted by little spots around the inside of the mouth, causing a disagreeable sensation ; some- times hoarseness, feeling of nausea and loss of appe- Ute, headache often, and costiveness. Abstinence from food and ceasing to work will effect a cure, which may be rapidly l^astened by an Ipecac emetic of about 20 grains, or warm boneset tea. HEART-BURN. An uneasy feeling about the stomach, with a sensa- tion of anxiety ; a heat more or less violent, attended in some instances with oppression and faintness, an BrSraPSIAi Oft INDfoiSTIOlf. 1. The ch from SSSNITZ. 3, a soft •i to the r gently low and irises to plied to inner of wed. ild in a ( warm; as much liseases, md it is he fimc- ! placed e inside I ; some- [)f appe- rill effect 1 Ipecac a. a sensa- attended tness, an Inclination to vomit, and often a Quantity of a clear fluid rising up into the mouth, called by some, a water brash. About eight years ago I was inflicted in this way for upwards of three weeks, and though I tried all the usual remedies, could not obtain the slightest relief. At last my spirits were completely depressed ; I despaired and a feeling of intense melancholy, almost amounting to hypochondria, took possession of me. While in this state, a country gentleman advised my eating a raw carrot, assuring me it would procure re- lief, as he had often seen it tried without ever failing. I foolishly thought the remedy too simple, and suffered for two days more. On the third day after receiving the advice, I was passing a stand where some carrots were exposed for sale, and my agony, for it then amounted to such, being great, I purchased one. I had hardly swallowed a mouthful when I obtained complete relief. Some two years since the heart-burn returned, and continued during the forepart of the day ; I sent tor another carrot and the effect was directly the same as before. I have extensively recommended i% and with the most signal success. The most common remedies used are pearlush or Mda, half a tea spoonful of either being dissolved in water and swallowed. Heart-bum is considered by many as only the first stage of DYSPEPSIA, OR INOIOB8TION. In addition to the symptoms^ of heart-burn, there is a sensation of pain and heaviness on the left side some two hours after eating; various eructations from the stomach, often attended with severe pain, gnawing in the stomach when empty, a feeling of tightness and uneasiness in t1ie throat, costiveness habitual, seldom warm, pale countenance, languor, palpitation of the heart and disturbed sleep. It is a singular feature of dyspepsia, that it often con- tinues fox a long time without either aggravatsun or 84 DYSPKPStA, OB INDICMMTZOir. remission, owing to the peculiar chronio diseased itatt of the stomach. As the unhealthy stomach must perform a certain amount of work to allow the patient even to live, it should be allowed to perform it with the least possible amount of effort ; and consequently, only that Kind of food taken that can be digested with the greatest ease. The very weight of the food is an object of consid- eration, so that even the arrow-root and sago and rice should be boiled down and strained, so as to get it if possible in the form of jelly. Next to this, bread that has been baked two or three days, and water, is the best diet. Dyspeptic patients are often afraid of lowering their diet for fear of starvation, but there is no danger of that, the disease would give way without danger to themselves, if they would only starve it out. In some cases meat or animal jelly is beneficial ; if the patient feels a longing for it he can try a very little, and provided no ill results follow, repeat the dose. Relief is often obtained from the excessive pains by applying a strong mustard plaster over the stomach, or if that does not succeed, a blister of Spanish flies, either will produce counter irritation and give ease. The bowels must be kept gently open at all hazards ; castor oil and rhubarb are very useful in such cases. A good dyspeptic dinner pill is made by mixing Pulv. Aloes '3 grains, " Rhubarb 3 Ext. Henbane 1 (i (i This should be taken immediately afler dinner each day, and if it does not succeed in keeping the bowels open, add one srain more of both aloes and rhubarb ; the henbane relieves pain by acting as a sedative. For the rest, use daily either the cold or warm bath, whichever is the most beneficial, walk, or ride on horse- back ; sawing wood is an excellent exercise, and re- member that the more work the better, and provided the system is not exhausted ; pure air, regular hours, and a relaxed and amused state of mind will elfect acurOk TOMITINO OF BLOOD. ta •tate bath, Dorse- d re- el the , and €ttrs» Sometimes when a patient has been dyspeptir for months or years and been wronsly treated, nature becomes ir- ritated at the delay, and the vis medieatrix at onoo effects a cure by a severe VOMITING OF BLOOD FROM THE STOMACH. This, when it occurs, is generally preceded by a sense of weight and anxiety in the region of the stomach ; it is unaccompanied by cough ; there is generally a con- siderable quantity discharged : it is of a dark color and often comes up in solid lumps, in some cases ijixed with food. These marks are highly necessary, to distinguish it from bleeding at the lungs. This is rarely as dangerous as it seems, relating as A does mostly to other diseases. Where the bowels have been previously much confined, a purgative is useful, such as epsom salts or cold boneset tea ; an in- jection may also precede this. If there is much pain, apply a strong mustard plaster to the pit of the stomach, or a blister of Spanish mes if that does not give relief. The diet should be light, and easy of digestion. INFLAMMATION OF THE STOMACH. This shows itself by an intense burning pain in the stomach, attended with great soreness on pressure; it becomes distended and flatulent : most distressing thirst, and when any thing either solid or liquid is swallowed, the moment it touches the stomach, it is vomited up; there is great restlessness, anxiety and debility, and in some cases severe purging. The pulse is fast, hard and con- tracted. If this state of things continues long, fainting en- 8U(^s, the breathing becomes short and interrupted, cold, clammy sweats succeed, and hiccup rapidly ushers m death. Copious and repeated bleeding, at an early period of the aisease, followed by the application of several leeches at the pit of the stomach, then as warm fomen- tations over the pit of the stomach and belly as can be borne, or else tne hot bath; no medicine whatever should b0 given internally ; loosening iBJections most f6 iNFLAMMJLTIOir Or THB INTESTINAL TUBE. be alone relied on. When food can be borne, it is only weak gruel at first gradually thickened, as the disease abates. INFLAMMATION OF THE INTESTINAL TUBE. This comes on with a sharp pain extending over the whole of the belly, more especially rountl the navel : frequent eructations, sickness at ston:ach, vomiting of green looking bilious matter, obstinate costiveness, thirst, heat, great anxiety, and aqjiick, hard, contracted pulse*^ The pain rapidly becomes more sv^vere, the bowels seem drawn together by a kind of spasm, the whole surface of the belly is so painful as to produce interise pain if touched, and seems drawn together in lumpy contrac- tions; obstinate costiveness prevails, and the urine is passed with great pain and difficulty. If neglected, gangrene rapidly terminates the case, sometimes in a few hours. If gangrene or mortification ensues, the pains suddenly cease, the pulse sinks, and the counte- nance shrinks. Taking blood from the arm with a lancet, or from the belly by means of leeches, is generally the first step in the curative process. When this cannot be done, or after it has been done, put the patient into a hot bath, to induce fainting; if this is impracticable, foment the abdomen with liquids, as hot as they can be borne. By this time, if relief is to be obtained at all, the disease will be less violent ; then put a large blister over the belly. It is now time to clear out the bowels ; to do this, give a laxative injection to clear out the lower part ot the tube, and then castor oil or epsom salts to follow by the mouth. Sometimes powerful doses of opium, or other anodynes are given until relief from pain is attain- ed. It will not often answer to adoptthe anodyne system, however. By giving hot bonesettea at this stage, a gentle perspiration is kept up over the surface. Let the diet be very light and nutritive. While the patient is getting well, guard him carefully from exposure to the e^cts of cold and costiveness. COLIC— DIARRHCBA. Wf is only disease ver the navel : ting of J, thirst, 1 pulsei^ }ls seem surface pain if contrac- urine is glected, nes in a ues, the ) counte- or from the first annot be into a ticable, ley can ained at a large do this, part ot )llovv by )ium, or is attain- system, a gentle me diet .s getting efieqta of COLIC, Is distinguished fronn inflanimation of the bowels, by the pain being wringing, and not a burning kind : spas- modic contraction of the abdominal muscles : little or no fever : and temporary relief of pain on pressure. Windy colic is known by the pains coming on in fits; moving from one part of the bowels to another, and re- lief being afforded by the passage of wind. Putting warm cloths to the bowels and drinking hot peppermint tea, will give speedy re^'ef. In inflammatory colic, the pain remains about the same in point of intensity ; it continues in one place : the vomiting is severe and often bilious ; the bowels are costive and the pulse quick and feverish. The patient should be put into a hot bath, and on coming out, a warm injection administered in which there is spirits of tur- pentine, or tincture of assafcetida or both. A mustard plaster or blister should be applied to the abdomen. — Castor oil should be administered to secure a passage ; if it does not succeed, try something stronger : a small tea-spoon full of powdered mandrake or Indian apple, or any other efiicient purgative. Medical writers tell us that in very obstinate cases, an injection of tobacco smoke has often succeeded in procur- ing a passage ; also putting the feet for some time in cold water, and pouring the same on the abdomen and lower extremities. When it arises from costiveness, it will be found in some cases necessary, to scoop the excre- mentitious matter out of the lower part of the intestines with a spoon. Painters who are very subject to this disease, should always put off their working clothes when not employed, and eat with their food a considerable quantity of mus- tard. DIARRHCEA — LOOSBNE6S OF THE BOWELS. Known by each passage being preceded by a mur- muring noise, and a sense of weight in the bowels. An emetic of Ipecac, or luke-warm boneset tea, will generally' be found very useful. Rhubarb \s far tht 3 S8 DTSENTSftT. best medicine to give as an aperient. Warm bathingi gentle exercise} and a light diet) will often complete the cure. Some four years since, I had a patient afflicted with diarrhoea, whom it seemed not in the power of medicine to relieve. Peaches were then in season, and very fine. I caused him to eat plentifully of them, and they effect- ed an insta.it cure. So with cherries at another tinie ; and since then I have prescribed ripe fruit with aston- ishing success. In some cases the red mixture, is very useful for chil- dren. It is made by mixing 60 grains of rhubarb, with 30 of soda or magnesia, and adding a gill of pepper- mint water: dose, a tea spoonful every three hours. DYSENTERY, Is known by the frequent griping passages; some- times mere slime mixed with blood is passed ; and at others little round hard balls : there is sickness at the stom- ach, and loss of appetite ; the discharges are of such a chpracter as in some instances to poison the air, and make the dysentery infectious. Many cases of this disease are cured, by boiling suet in milksoas to make it rather thick, and giving of the mix- ture to an adult a table spoonful every two or three hours. Milk thickened with flour, and used in the same way, is also very useful. In severe cases, and when tihe tongue is foul, an emetic is very useful ; it may be '-^0 grains of Ipecac, or warm boneset tea ; an injection should now be given, followed by a gentle purgative, as castor oil or rhubarb the bowels should be kept open ; slippery elm tea with some chamomile, or May-weed flowers in it, drank at times ; and with warm clothing and gentle exercise, the patient will recover. 1 have rrad somewhere of an In- dian curing a violent case of this kind, by giving a cnp full of strong decoct'on of double spruce tops, and fol- lowing the dose in an hour by castor oil. All injection^ gmu in this dU«a9e) should be large in quantity. PILBS. 29 bathingi plete the ted with nedicine ery fine. y efFect- er time ; th aston- for chil- irb, with pepper- urs. s; some- ; and at the stom- jf such a air, and tg suet in the niix- ee hours. J way, is foul, an lecac, or )e given, •hubarb lea will) drank at raise, the of an In- ng a cup and fol- njection^ PILES. These are tumors at the termination of the intestinal tube : when they dis:;harge blood they are known as liie bleeding piles: when they do not, they are called blind piles. They arise, as a general rule, from a too costive state of the bowels : in such cases, then, nothing more i.^^ required, than to keep the bowels reguhir. They can in many cases be removed by eating as a sweetmeat at meals, prunes or tamarinds, stewed in molasses. If these means should fail, castor oil is an excellent purgative to be taken : some persons dislike the oil ; it is well for such to take of Epsom salts, 1-2 lb., Water, one quart, Oilof Vitriol, ten drops. Mix them thoroughly until dissolved. The dose is a wine glass full every morning. If the bleeding proves troublesome, apply cold water to the part, together with steady continued pressure until it ceases : some alum or white vitriol water is also very useful. Sometimes the parts from neglect become very painful; cold water or ice are also good in that case. I have given relief from pain by wnrm fomentations with a decoction of poppy heads. If tliere is any general fever, warm boneset tea should be given to promote perspiration. Where ihere is much heat around the parts, and the tumors are of considerable size, it will be found useful to apply a compress supported by a bandage: an oint- ment may be used in conjunction with the compress, to be rubbed on the parts every morning, made of Ground Nulgalls, half an ounce. Powdered Henbane leaves, half an ounce. Fresh Lard, two ounces. Mix thoroughly. As this disease is generally brought on by sedentary habits, a perfect cure cannot \>e expected, unless the patient takes considerable exercise in walking or riding 30 W0]tM9<^jrAUNDI0B. WORMS. The presence of these animals is known by a varia* ble appetite, bad smelling breath, gulpings up of wind, pains in the stomach, disturbed sleep in which there is grinding of the teeth, and often startings up, and fits; itching of the nose, which is sought to be relieved by constant picking; pale countenance ; dizziness frequent; hardness and fulness often about the belly ; discharges slimy, with griping pains, particularly about the navel ; heat and itching around the termination of the intestinal canal. As the disease proceeds, there comes on a slow fever, which increases m intensity in the evening, and lowers towards morning ; the body wastes rapidly away, and the patient dies. It is probable that all children, and perhaps adults, too, are troubled with worms, which do not, however, occasion any unpleasant symptoms, until the tone of the system becomes lowered. The great object then should be to restore the general health ; though it is well, in the first place, to clear out the intestinal track. To do this, give an injection of strong catnep tea, in which there is a teaspoonful of spirits of turpentine. Follow this by giving internally some Pinkroot tea, in which has been infused half an ounce of American senna. If thris is not handy, castor oil will answer. For the re- mainder of the treatment, pursue the same course as mentioned for raising the general health, in rickets. In some cases, the worms have been known to crawl up into the throat, occasioning a choking sensation and cough. Drinking salt and water will make them return to the bowels. 1 MtTNDICB. Easily known by the universal yellow color of th<; whole skin, and even urine, which puts on a safTrop tinge. The internal parts of the eye become colored in some instances, so that every thing is seen* at it ! BILIOUS HBADAOHB. 31 a varia* >f wind, there is ind fits; 3ved by requent; scharges e navel ; ntestinal tn a slow liug, and ly away, 3 adults, lowever, ne of the in should well, in To do in which Follow in which enna. If the re- ourse as iets. to crawl ition and m return of the safTrop colored len, at it were* through yellow spectacles, occasioning the poet's remark, that ** All seems infected that the infected spy, And all looks yellow to the jaundiced eye.*' An ipecac emetic is often serviceable in this disease, especially if there is any nausea or sickness at the stomach. This should be followed by warm catnepor boneset tea, to induce continued perspiration. Keep the patient warmly wrapped up, and on a light diet. A tea made from the root of the blue flag, or fleur de lis, is often very useful. It is well in some cases to apply hot mustard plasters just under the ribs, on the right side. Wormwood tea is often used during the cure with considerable benefit. BILIOUS HEADACHE. Where the tongue is foul, and there is sickness at the stomach, begin with an emetic, and pursue the same treatment as that recommended in jaundice. Mr. J. H. WaUon has informed me that he has always obtained com, ^^'te relief from this disordered state, to which he is pe. uliarly liable, by using the root of the German Iris, or Blue flag. INFLAMMATION OF THE LIVER. Known by a general fever, attended with pain and tightness under the ribs on the right side, pain at the collar bone and top of the shoulder on the right side, unsasiness in lying down on the left side, breatning dif- ficult, a dry cough, vomiting and hiccup. The urine is of a deep saffron color, and small in quantity ; loss of appetite, thirst and costiveness, and aftfjr two or three days, a yellowish appearance, as in jaundice, over the body. Bleeding from the arm is useful, as also leeching and cupping under the edge of the false ribs on the right side It is best to follow with a strong purgative, aa 82 INFLAMMATION OF THB LIVER— CR0P8T. senna and sails, jalap or mandrake ; then the warm bath, and a mustard plaster or a blister be applied over the liver. After this is done, induce continued perspiration by warm catnep or boneset tea; with occasional doses of castor oil, a medicine peculiarly useful in all diseases of the liver. If matter forms in the liver, and the pa- tient is found sinking, means must be used to support the strength; a nourishing diet, some wine, and a de- coction of willow or Peruvian bark, an ounce to the pint, a tablespoon ful taken at a dose, some four times a day; fomentatirms and poultices are also useful over the liver, to cause it to break outwardly. When this disease is unaccompanied by fever, it is known by the dark sallow complexion, loss of appetite, wasting of the flesh, costiveness, indigestion, wind, pains in the stomach, yellow tinge in both skin and eyes, clay colored discharges, high colored urine, which deposits a red sediment and ropy mucus; a dull pain in the region of the liver, extending to the shoulder, and often some degree of asthma. An emetic in this case is generally required ; some 20 grains of ipecac is the best : keep the bowels gently open, either with an infusion of the blue flag or castor oil ; a blister is occasionally useful to relieve pain. Perspiration should always be perfectly free. The diet light, the mind kept easy, and plenty of exercise taken ; a sea voyage to a colder climate is the last and surest remedy. DROFSr In the belly is often preceded by loss of appetite, general sluggishness, dryness of the skin, oppressed breathing, cough, diminished urine, and costiveness. Following these symptoms, commences the collection of water in the belly, which, beginning at the lower part, extends gradually, and keeps on increasing until the whole belly is evenly swelled and ten3c. Strong purging medicines should be taken, as mand- GENERikL DROFST. as rake, jalap, salts and senna, or blue flag. Tea made of waternnelon seeds is also very useful, as it promotes the (low of urine ; squills has also a direct action of the same kind ; it should be taken in doses of one and a half grains of the powdered bulb twice a day ; a little cin- namon or cloves may be added, to take away its nau- seating tendency. Long and continued rubbings of the bare belly with the palm of the hand, are among the most effectual means of cure. The diet should be light and nutritious, and as much exercise as possible taken, taking care not to get fatigued. GENERAL DROPST, Which begins with swelling of the feet and ancles towards evening, and is gone by morning, but after a while does not disappear at night, and continues to ascend up to the belly. The swelling induced is soft, when pressed upon, a pit remains, which requires some time to become smooth. By degrees, the swelling ascends upwards, and occupies the trunk of the body, and at last, even the face and eyelids appear full and bloated. The parts should be carefully supported by Jbandages, and the same general treatment pursued as in dropsy of the belly. Ground mustard seed is a valuable remedy where there is much weakness ; horseradish and garlic are also useful. When the patient begins to recover, the cold bath may contribute to prevent a relapse. It is a rule in dropsical affections to allow the patient to drink freely. By denying water many a case has had an unfortunate termination, that would otherwise have been cured. A decoction made of 3 parts of blue flag and 1 part button snakeroot, has cured '.he dropsy without disturb- ing the bowek. COMMON COLDS AND COUGHS Are generally cured at the first onset, when com* !'! in 1 li I S4 COLDS AND COUGHS. plicated with symptoms of fever, by a sweat of bone* set or catnep tea, a strong dose of which, quite hot, should be taken on retiring at night, and covering lip warmly. Flaxseed, or shppery elm tea being drunk freely, if there is much thirst. The diet in all such cases should be low; never "feed a cold," that is a foolish error. Should there be any pain in the chest, a strong mus tard plaster will generally relieve it. If the cough is troublesome, and it occasions some uneasiness in the chest, I generally advise the patient, if he must con- tinue about bis work, .to procure a two ounce vial and fiU it with Syrup of Squills, 1 ounce. Paregoric, 1 " An occasional swallow will ease both cough and pain. In some instances, after being for days troubled with 8 tightness about the head, &c., there will be a plentiful BLBBDING FROM THE NOSE. And complete relief be afforded in consequence. The idea of this proceeding from a ruptured blood-vessel is ridiculous ; it is a means taken by nature of thoroughly depleting a part so as to cure disease. It was no doubt in consequence of observing these sanguineous deple- tions of nature, that the idea originated of doing it arti- ficially, and thence the introduction of blood-letting in all its various forms of abstraction. If bleeding from the nose proceeds to an alarming extent, it can generally be stopped by plugging up the nostrils with cotton, wet in cold alum water. Some- times all local means prove ineffectual, nature must have blood escape, and the only method of preventing a flow from the nostrils will be by making one from the arm. The water cure method of getting rid of coughs and colds is to wrap the body up in a wet sheet, until per- OBOVP. spiration is induced, drinking atl the time plenty of cold water. OBOVP. This disease mostly attacks infants, Some days pre- vious the child appears drowsy, inactive and fretful, the eyes are watery and heavy ; there is a cough ex* actly similating the barking of a young dog. As the disease advances, the cough agitates the little sufferer more and more, the face is flushed and swelled, the eyes protrude, and a general tremor lakes place, and there is a kind of convulsive endeavor to renew the re- spiration at the close of each fit; the head is often thrown back, in the agony of attempting to escape suf- focation ; the breathing becomes more and more hissing. The cough is generally dry, and if any thing is spit up, it looks like matter, or else consists of films, as of pieces of membrane ; when vomiting is induced the same kind of matter comes up, showing that the child has been swallowing it instead of spitting it out. There are cases in which a fatal termination has taken place in 24 hours, but more generally it runs on for four or five days. Leeches should immediately be applied to the upper part of the brea«t-bone near the neck : it is often diflB- cult to stop the bleeding when applied to the neck itself, as there is nothing to make pressure on ; then give a strong ipecac emetic, mixed, if possible, with a grain or two of powdered squill. A hot bath is very useful, by. inducing nausea quickly. A large dose of purgative medicine, as Epsom salts, may now be administered. Ipecac, in doses of one or two grains, or hot bonesei tea should be given, to keep up a strong perspiration. A large blister is sometimes useful, put on the upper part of the chest, and dressed with some initiating oint- ment, as savine, to keep up a discharge. Mustard draughts may be applied to the feet. As the patient gets better, there will follow a great deal of expectoration ; to promote this as much as pes* S6 QUINS r SOBlft THRDAT. 11 ;!• * : I sible is advisable : inhaling steam, if done with caution, will be found useful ; the nauseating medicines, as the ipecac and squill, should be continued, and the mouth, if possible, gargled with an infusion of chamomile flow- ers or Mayweed. Priessnitz cures croup by putting the child in a tepid Vath, and while- in it, washing freely, the head, throat ad chest: then, wrapping without delay, in a well ^rung sheet, and a well wrung bandage' placed about the throat, and warm bricks applied to the feet. The patient is allowed to remain 8 or 10 hours in moderate perspiration, in a moderately warm room : when taken out of the sheets, the child is immediately washed all over, dried, and put into a warm bed. The next even- ing the wet sheet is again applied, even if there have been no unfavorable symptoms during the day. QUINSY SORE THROAT Is known by considerable difficulty in swallowing and breathing, a redness and swelling of cuie or both tonsils, dryness of the throat, foul tongue, darting pains in the part affected, a frequent, but difficult spitting out of mucus, and a small degree of fever. This is seldom fatal, if properly attended to. Either leech the outside of the throat, or draw a sharp penknife over the affected tonsils, so as to scarify them ; an emetic of ipecac shou'd be administered : if anything more is required, give a dose of salts, and after .the operation, sweat, by means of hot boneset or catnep tea; a blister behind the neck is sometimes useful. As a gargle, a tea made of gold thread, and the addition ot] a little alum, the whole sweetened with honey. In very severe cases, where nothing can be swallowed by tiie mouth, gruels and rich soups are thrown up the termination of the intestinal tube, so that life may be, if possible, sustained; if suffocation is threatened, a hole must be made in the windpipe. In mild cases, little more is required than to rub the neck with hartshttrn liniament, and wear flannel. MUMP8 — ^INFLAMMATION OF THB CHB8T. 87 For Quinsy soie throat Priessnitz orders bandages of very cold water round the throat, garglings of cold wa- ter, foot baths, and finally, the wet sheet, until perspira- tion is induced, washing, and return to a warm bed I MUMPS. This is a swelling, on the sides of the cheek and under the jaw, of the glands that produce saliva; it sometimes renders swallowing and breathing difficult ; it goes off on the fourth day. Flannel should be kept over the part, the diet light, and the bowels regular, with doses of castor oil ; when other organs are attacked, the treatment must be for in- flammation of those organs. INFLAMMATION OF THE CHEST. ^ There are two kinds of this disease. One is called he stitch : it is known by a hard pulse, sharp pain in ihe side, which is increased upon breathing ; an uneas- iness upon lying on one side ; a painful cough, dry in the beginning, but afterwards throwing up matter which is often bloody. In the other disease the pulse is sometimes sofl ; the pain is dull; the respiration always difficult; often the patient cannot breathe unless sitting or standing up ; the face is swelled, and of a livid color ; the coush generally accompanied by matter which is frequently bloody. Besides all these symptoms, there is in botn cases violent fever. It is well to take considerable blood, and then leech the chest : give a powerful purgative — senna and salts, jalap, or mandrake : apply blisters ; let the diet be low — good oat meal gruel is perhaps the best ; give one grain of ipecac, and half a grain of squill, every two or three hours, as circumstances may require, to keep up the perspiration : keep the bowels open. To quiet the cough, after the symptoms begin to abate a little^ syrup of poppies may be swallowed from time to time, i ? ! ) 98 BLBBDINO PROM THE LUN08. slowly. Inhaling steam will also be found useful in promoting expectoration, As the patient recovers, abate the medicines, and give a more generous diet. Priessnitz puts a patient afflicted with this disease into a sitting oath, with water at 60*^ Fahr., which is to be renewed every half hour : the chest is covered with wet bandages, which are renewed from time to time: the legs and arms are rubbed with cold water : the othei parts of the body are carefully covered up. After chattering of the teeth and trembling is passed, and re- action begins to take place, which is known by the re- turning warmth of the hands and feet, the patient i5< wrapped in a sheet, with a cold, wet bandage on hh chest, and placed in bed. It should not be forgotten that after every perspiration the body is washed in te- pid water. Cold water -is drank freely all this time. It is not often necessary to renew the wet sheet and sit- ting bath. • DROPSY OP THE CHEST. Known by difficulty of breathing, especially when lying down ; starting from sleep ; anxiety ; palpitations of the heart ; cough ; pale visage ; swelling of the lower extremities ; and lastly and more certainly, motion of water in the chest. Keep the bowels regular ; use squill in small doses ; half a grain of powdered fox-glove leaves, morning and evening, may be given, and the dose carefully and grad- ually increased. If there is much fever, keep up a gentle perspiration, by means of boneset or catnep. The occasional application of blisters will do much to 'remove pain. Infusion of juniper berries is often good. The diet should be light. BLBEDINO PROM THE LUNGS Is generally a symptom of some other disease. Ta- ken by itself it is a matter of but little moment, and instead of proceeding from a ruptured blood-vessel, is COlrSVMPTlOW* 99 useful in recovers, s diet. disease hich is to ired with to time: the othei H. After , and re- y the re- )atient is e on his forgotten ed in te- his time, t and sit- lly when Ipitations 5 of the y, motion II doses ; ning and md grad- ep up a catnep. much to ;en good. 56. Ta- lent, and essel, is in t«ality^ a secretion from the lungs, tvhereby nature relieves herself fra.,i excitement. When it proceetls to excess, a strong, cooling treat- ment must he adopted. A solution of common salt in water will often check it : when that fails, bleeding from the arm must be resorted to. The bowels must be kept open with epsom salts : fox-glove in the form of pow- dered leaves, half a grain, morning and evening, is use- ful. Sometimes the application of cold water to some sensible part of the body, will produce a general chill, and stop the bleeding. Moderate exercise may be taken. CONSUMPTION. Tubercular Consumption begins with a short, dry cough, which becomes habitual : for some time nothing is raised but a frothy mucus. Upon the least motion of the body, the breathing becomes more rapid : there is a tightness of the chest, gradual wasting away of the body ; languor, indolence, and low spirits, with loss of appetite. The patient often remains in this state a considerable time, until, upon catching more cold, he begins to expectorate matter, which is always more free towards morning. Spitting of blood succeeds this ; the breathing now becomes more difficult, and weakness and wasting increase ; pain in some part of the chest, and uneasiness is felt, lying on the side. Hectic fever rapidly increases, becomes worse in the afternoon, and ffoes off during the night, followed by profuse sweating ; the bowels, previously costive, now become loose ; Uie legs and arms become cold, and the patient dies. To the last the senses remain entire, and the mind is full of hope and peace. Pain may be alleviated by dry cupping over the chest, a few leeches or a blister. The bowels must be kept open by gentle laxatives, as manna, small doses of epsom salts, or boneset ; sweating promoted by small doses of ipecac and squill, and when there is consider- able of a wheezing respiration, an ipecac emetV*; will 4 40 INFLAMBIATION OF THB KIDNBTS. i! i' i be found serviceable. The diet sliould bef light; the patient warmly clad ; gentle exercise taken j and to ease the cough and diarrhcea, when they supervene, the remedies recommended under those heads. Priess- nitz does not prescribe for consumption ; he considers it beyond the power of cold water to have any effect on it. Perhaps the most effectual means of relief would be living in the midst of a pestilent fever and ague district; in such circumstances I have seen patients grow fat and hearty. Some years ago, an apprentice in this city, whose parents lived up the North River, was taken with all the symptoms of tubercular consumption, spitting ot blood, night sweats and diarrhoea. He was sent m a sloop, in cold weather, home — it was just after the river opened — the sloop was blown outside the harbor, and it was some time before it reached its destination, all on board having endured a great deal of hardship and fatigue ; among the rest the sick boy, who was forced to render the little aid he could. The exertion, how- ever, did him good; he becanie rapidly better, and before reaching home was completely altercl, to the great astonishment of his friends, who had feared he would not survive to see them. In gratitude for his signal escape, he has ever since continued on the river. INFLAMMATION OF THE KIDNEYS, Known by pains in their region which shoot down along the course of the ducts that convey urine to the bladder; the testicles are drawn up; the thighs are numb ; vomiting ; high colored urine and frequently discharged ; oostiveness and colic pains. It is very necessary to distinguish this from colic, which may be done by the pain lying deeper and the trouble in passing urine. It is necessary also, to notice in this disease that the fever accompanies or imme- diately follows the pain. When severe, general bleeding is necessary, and af- t( h u INFLAMMATION OF THE BLADDER. 41 light; the I ', and to upervene, Priess- considers my effect would be e district; grow fat y, whose with all pitting ot sent in a the river rbor, and ation, all ship and IS forced )n, how- ter, and >, to the >ared he for his be river. )t down e to the ghs are jqiiently n colic, and the o notice imme- and af- terwards leeching over the parts ; then the warm bath, hot fomentations to the loins, a warm injection thrown up and drinks of flax-seed or slippery elm tea taken. The bowels should be effectually cleared out at once by senna or castor oil, and afterwards kept open. Blis- ters must never be applied in this disease, but the loins ^may be well rubbed with hartshorn or any other stim- ulating linament; keep up a general perspiration by warm catnep or boneset tea. The diet must be light. INFLAMMATION OF THE BLADDER. Known by great pain in its region, attended with fever and a hard pulse, either a suppression of urine, (in which an instrument must be applied to draw it off if other means fail of giving relief,) or a frequent and painful discharge of it; there is also a good deal of straining downwards. The treatment is the same as in inflammation of the kidneys. ORAVBL AND STONE. When a disposition to form stone in the bladder arises, it is known by fits of pains in the back, shooting down to the thigh ; often a numbness in one leg and detraction or drawing up of the testicle on that side. When the little stones or gravel are thrown off with the urine, the pain ceases until the next fit occurs. Many persons ari troubled in this way through life without the gravel concreting into a large stone. Sometimes the gravel stone, if it is more than usu- ally large, passes with difficulty down the tube from the kidney to the bladder, and occasions agonizing pains, followed with fever. The hot bath, warm fo- mentations over the seat of pain, and plentiful drinking of infusion of water melon seeds, cleavers, juniper berries, or wild carrot tops will relieve. An excellent mixture to keep on hand for such occasions is made by taking of 48 JlETBNTION Otf tnUNB. I- fl Balsam of Gopaiva, one quarter of an onnoe $ Sweet Spirits of Nitre, haJf an ounce ; Infusion of Sassafras bark, one gill ; Mix them thoroughly, and always shake well before using. A teaspoonful is a dose, repeated in half an hour if relief is not obtained. A strong decoction of the tops and seeds of the wild carrot, drunk freely, has cured gravel. Stone, when once formed in the bladder, is known by the frequent inclination to make water ; great pain in voiding it drop by drop ; sometimes a sudden stop pa?e in the stream ; pain at the extremity of the pen>s, and great straining downwards. It generally causes pain to ride in a carriage or on horseback, especially when going fast. The drinks above mentioned are the best remedies to relieve the pain : there is litde hope of its cure by medicine. There is often an irritable state of the bladder in which the urine is passed with pain and sometimes in drops : in such cases a teaspoonful of the balsam mix- ture just mentioned will ^ive relief; flannel should be worn, and if a fresh cold u not taken the pain will jwo- bably not return. RETENTION w»F URXNS Will be relieved by fbmentationsi drinks of tea made of water-melon seeds, cleavers and wild turnip tops. Sometimes the water should be drawn off by means ot an instrument. PALPITATION OP THE HBAET Is generally syraptomatic of other diseases, principally derangement of the stomach. In such cases lecti^ing the disordered organs will af&ct a cure, but sometimes it is one of the symptoms of itNLARaBMBNT OF THB HEART. 4i SUDDEN SUFFOCATION, if Which is known by a sharp, binding pain, running i?own the breast bone on the left side, and extending to the left arm ; there is great anxiety, violent palpita- tion of the heart, and a sense of suffocation. It attacks men much more frequently than women; those per- sons inclining to be fat, who lead an idle and sedentary life, are most liable to be affected with it. Walking rapidly, going up stairs, and getting angry, will lead to a fit in the early stages, but still later, even slow walking, riding on horseback or in a carriage, sneezing, coughing, speaking or straining at stool, will cause it. During the paroxysms, the neck and chest should be fomented with hot applications ; a teaspoonful of ether, with ten drops of laudanum in it, may be given at in tervals, oil of peppermint or aniseed, or cinnamon, drop- ped on sugar, may also be given. A blister covering the entire left chest, is often attended with good eflfect. To guard against a second attack, the patient should keep his mind easy, and never become excited ; the diet should be light, and no exercise taken after eating; the patient must not grow fat, and to effect this a vege- table diet should be preferred, early rising, exercise at proper times, and the bowels kept open. The celebrated surgeon, John Hunter, was afflicted with this disease. A colleague in whose way of promo- lion he stood, knowing how fatal getting in a passion would be to him, took occasion one day when he was much excited, to contradict him ; as the colleague ex- pected, the effect was instantly fatal, and surgery lost one of her brightest ornaments. ENLAROBMENT OF THE HEART. Where the patient has to lay with hifl pillow con- siderably raised, and there is palpitation. It is well to apply blisters, often allowing them to heal rapidly, or u RHEUMATISM. else an issue directly over the seat of disease, rest of the treatment the same as above. The INFLAMMATION OF THE HEART. Known by the general fever, pain in the region of the heart, difficulty in breathing, great anxiety, cough, irregular pulse, palpitation and fainting. Treat it the same as inflammation of the chest, only carrying the purging to a greater extent. RHEUMATISM. This I consider a disease of the arteries, and there- fore relating in some measure to the heart. When it comes on accompanied with fever, I have often given immediate relief by cupping directly over the region ot the heart. In this disease the general cooling treatment must be pursued, as low diet, purging and sweating. Foxglove is given in doses of half a grain twice a day or oftener, according to the violence of the symptoms : out the great medicine, and that which most generally cures, is colchicum or meadow saffron. A wine is made of this, by infusing two ounces of the seeds in a pint of sherry, let it remain a week, and filter through paper. Half a teaspoonful of this is put into a wine-glass with a teaspoonful of magnesia, and the glass then filled with peppermint water. This dose to be repeated three or four times a day. Chronic rheumatism is cured in the same way, but by smaller doses; in this latter case, a buckskin shirt and drawers should always be worn ; for the sake of cleanliness, linen or cotton may be placed between them and the skin ; keeping the bowels open, perspir- ing freely, and a low diet, will produce immediate relief, if not effectual cure. Where the joints become stiff, long and perseveringly continued rubbing and kneading with the hands, have cured where aught else entirely failed : instances of this kind have come under my own notice. It. OOUT. r- 45 GOUT. This painful disease is usually preceded by wind on the stomach, indigestion and fever-pains in the joints of the hands and feet, particularly in the great toe ; some- times, however, it comes on suddenly without any pre- vious warning, at others there is coldness of the feet and legs, numbness and a sense of pricking in them. On the night of the attack the patient goes to bed often in tolerable health, but after a few hours is awakened by the severe pain, mostly in the joint of the great toe ; sometimes in other parts of the foot and calf of the leg. The pain is described by one experienced in both, as similar to that arising from a dislocated bone, with a feeling all the while as if cold water was poured upon it. As it continues, rigors succeed, followed by throb- bing and inflammation in the part. Sometiuies both feet become swelled and inflamed, so that they can neither be put to the ground or touched without excru- ciating pain; after continuing some hours, a perspira- tion breaks out, and there is a slight alleviation, but it returns the next evening, and thus continues accord'nsf to season, age, and constitution, a longer or shoi r time. At first an attack of the gout occurs once n three years, then in two, then one, etc., becoming moie violent, and of longer duration at each return. Wine of colchicum, as prescribed for rheumatism, may be taken during the paroxysm ; and the part cov- ered with flannels. Besides this, keeping the bowels regular and promoting perspiration, is about all that can be accompl shed. But rheumatism and gout are apt to fly to important organs ; in such cases, treat as for inflammation of those organs. After the attack is over, the mode of life should be such as is recommended at the commencement of ttiii book. INFLAMMATION OF THB BRAIN. HEADACHE. I have had many cases of this kind, where the pa- tient labored apparently under no local or general de- rangement, and yet would sufTer severely from this : such patients were always afflicted with cold feet. Low socks made of flannel, with a teaspoonful ot cayenne pepper in each, and worn next the foot inside the regular stocking, has produced irritation of a gentle character, restored a natural glow to the feet, and in doing this, completely relieved the head of pain and jneasiness. INFLAMMATION OF THE BRAIN. Characterized by strong fever, violent headache, red- ness (^the face and eyes, impatience of light and noise, and furious delirium. When tnisdiseaselasts beyond six nr seven days, it is considered a favorable si^n. It is brought on by various causes, night watchmg, hard study, drunkenness, excitement of the passions, and ex posure of the head to the sun. Bleeding from the arm, leeching or cupping the head, and the use of active purgatives, as jalap or senna and salts, are the first things to be done. As in in all cases where there is inflammatory fever, the patient should be removed to a cool, quiet, and rather darkened room. The head should be shaved at once, and ice in bladders, or some evaporating lotion applied to it. Keep the head raised in all cases. After these means have been tried, and the disease begins to abate, foxglove in half-grain doses, or powder of colchicum seed in grain doses, may be given at some hours inter- vals. Mustard drafts to the feet and legs, and the foot bath may also be employed. The diet must of course be as light as possible. To complete the cure, the bowels must be kept open, and sweats of boneset and catnep be often employed during the course of the disease* BPIIiSPfT* OB VALUNd BI0KNI88. 4lf ▲POPLBZT. This disease is sometimes preceded by headache, ffiddiness, loss of acttteness of the senses, numbness in uie arms and legs, drowsiness, stupor, and nightmare ; but it more often happens that the patient falls down suddenly, deprived of sense and motion ; the face is red and swelled ; the eyes prominent and fixed ; the breathing performed with difficulty, and with a loud snorting noise ; pulse strong and full. Sometimes one side of the body is somewhat less afTected^than the other, and that side is apt to be convulsed. The head should be raised, and so placed as to allow the air to play freely on it : blood may be taken from the arm or temples; a powerful purgative administered to clear the bowels, and repeated if the effect is not soon produced; a strong and irritating injection adminis- tered, as common salt with syrup of buckthorn and gruel ; or infusion of senna ; or colocynth ; turpentine and gruel is proper for torpid persons. The head should be shaved, and cold water or ice in bladders applied. Mustard drafts should be applied to the feet. If under these means sensibility doea not gradually return, it is well to try some gentle stimulant, as mus- tard, ether, or camphor. Sweating should be induced by small doses of ipecac or hot boneset or catnep tea. When the patient recovers, the return of the disease should be prevented by exercise, low diet, and a calm mind, being careful to prevent exposure to any thing likely to afiect the head. EPILBPST, OR FALUNO SICKNESS. An attack is now and then preceded by a heavy pain in the head, dimness of sight, noise in the ears, deranged bowels, stupor, and something like a cold vapor run- ning up* to the head ; oftener the patient falls down at once without previous notice, the eyes become distorted, the fingers clenched, the trunk of the body, particularly on one side, much agitated^; foamlBg^ »t IM oMnitbt ai^ 48 INFLAMMATION OF THB B7B. thrusting out of the tongne,which is often bitten severely: all sense and feeling is lost, and not unfrequeutly both urine and excrement discharged involuntaril}'. As the spasms abate, the patient recovers gradually, all mem- ory of the fit is lost, and nothing remains except a feel* ing of languor and exhaustion. Generally nothing can be done during the fit, except to put a cork or piece of wood between the teeth, to Srevent them biting the tongue. If the face becomes ushed, throw water on the head. The system should be brought to a healthy tone ; if too high already, let the diet be low, and moderate purging; if too low, raise by a nutritious diet and pro- per clothing, with strengthening medicines. Neither too much or too little exercise should be taken ; bathing, conjrtined with quinine, is often very useful, especially if there is a scrofulous taint. Keeping the bowels regu- lar, and the mind cheerful, are the great secrets of suc- cess. Where any notice, such as we have mentioned, is ob- served before the fit, a strong ipecac emetic may be given, or a large dose of ether, or valerian, or any thing that will produce an instant and decided impression on the system. INFLAMMATION OF THE EYE. Known by the diffused redness spread over it, and its being extremely sensitive to liglit, hot and painful; a sensation of some substance between the eye and hd; and lastly, a plentiful effusion of tears, w^hich are hot and acrid. The temples should be leeched or cupped, and a blister applied to the back of the neck ; cold water or warm poultices applied to the eyes, whichever feels the most comfortable. Keep the bowels open ; castor oil is excellent for this purpose ; if there is much fever, a gentle perspiration should be induced by means of boneset orcatnep. Sassafras infusion makes an excel* ^nt apphcatioQ to the eye. . BAR-AOHE— BRT8XPBLA8. 49 After the acute stage is passed, and the eyes do not seem to advance in point of recovery, a more stimila- ting lotion should be applied ; sugar cf lead or white viirioi, six or eight grams to an ounce of cold water, is useful for this ; dip a piece of linen in this, and apply it to the eyes. Dashing cold water against the closed eyelid, and sometimes in the naked eye, will often assist the cure. BAR-AOHE. When there is any trouble about the ear, it should be carefully examuied', and washed out with lukewarm water to remove any substances that may have entered ; if there is much pain, a hot onion poultice will gener- ally give relief; mustard draughts and blisters behind the ears are also efficacious. If there is any fever, bathe the feet, and take an infusion of boneset or hoar^ hound. ERYSIPBLAS, Is known by a chill, succeeded by a strong fever of two or three day's continuance, attended with drowsi- ness, and often low delirium, an inHammatory blush then spreads over some part of the body ; the fever con- tinuing, the affected parts swell slightly, and put on a shining appearance, the pulse is small and frequent; about the fourlh day a number of little vesicles, con- taining a limpid, and in some cases a yellowish fluid, I arise ; in some instances the fluid is thick, and instead of running out when the blister is broken, adheres to, and dries upon the skin. The blisters sometimes de- generate into obstinate ulcers, which now and then 1 mortify. In slight cases, when it attacks the extremities, it Imakes its appearance with roughness, heat, pain and [redness of the skin, which becomes pale when the finger ps pressed upon it, and again returns when the finger is IrBmofved • there is often a slight &ver, and the patiea 90 IRTIiraLAS. 18 hot and thirsty, but in a few days the symptoms dis- appear, the cuticle becoming yellow, and dropping off in scales. The shingles is a species of this disease ; it consists of an eruption ui' little pimples extending round the boay, just above the navel ; vesicles quickly form, and the whole passes oft* without further inconvenience. When it attacks the face, it comes on in the form of a fiery redness ; some two or three days after the fever sets in, it extends to the scalp, and thence down the neck, swelling every part it touches ; the eyelids being so much swelled as to preclude si^ht ; after a while blisters rise, and the skin assumes a livid appearance in such places; where the plasters have not arisen, the skin will gradually dry and fall off in scales. If fatal, it ends on the seventh or eighlli day. Where the fever sets in with violence, it is well to take some blood. Epsom salts is a useful purgative in this disease, as the bowels must be kept rigidly open. Then cause profuse perspiration by small doses of ipecac and squills, or boneset ; the diet should be light and vegetable. A blister an inch or two above the seat of disease, when it attacks the extremities, and com- pletely encircling the limb, will prevent its further spreading; the blister need only be a mere strip of lit- tle breadth. ' When there is much heat and pain in the skin, either cold or warm water, as the patient prefers, may be occasionally applied ; where an acrid discharge occurs, wash it away from time to time with warm milk and water. If matter forms, make openings at once for its escape ; if mortification ensues, the yeast poultice is the best application. If the patient shows symptoms of sinking, let the diet be more nutritious, and give wine whey ; such treat- ment is proper, but only in extreme cases. Dusting arrow-root or fiour over the inflamed part, and keep- ing the bowels open with low diet, it tol that is necei- sary in common cases. ST. VITUS' DANOB — TIC DOLOREUX. (tt ST. VITUS* DANOB. ^ The fits are sometimes preceded hy a coldness in the feet and limbs, a tingling sensatio;. ^hat ascends like cold air up the spine, a windy pain in the bowels on the left side, and obstinate costiveness. At other times, there are yawnings, stretching, anxiety about the heart, palpitation, nausea, difficulty of swallowing, noise in the ears, giddiness, and pains in the head and teeth. The muscles do not obey the command of the will, but make contractions of their own accord, in consequence of which, the most ridiculous motions are the result. The stomach is almost always out of order ; the first care must be to rectify it : the steady, but mode- rate use of active cathartics has a great effect upon the disease, improving the health and strength at the same time. Some scammony, jalap, and large doses of castor oil are useful, and also the mandrake. Tn ir- ritable constitutions, sedatives, as hemlock, and hen- bane, both given in small doses, arc useful. The diet should be light and nutritious; iDathin^ should be daily practised, and moderate exercise take.<. TIC DOLOREUX. This dreadful disease is treated by streng'hening the general system, and the use of tonic medicin ^.s, as qui- nine and salacine. Mesmerism, or Fascination, is the only cure that pro- mises much relief; to those who wish informati*m on the subject, I must refer my book, Fascination, or the Philosophy of Charming, published by Fowlers & Weils, of this city. LOCKED JAW. Little can be done except to administer laudanum in large quantities, either by the mouth or injection ; a powerful purgative should preface this, as there is in general, great costiveness. ,'l' I OBLIRIUM TREMENS — HYSTBRIOS DELIRIUM TREMENS. 17hen the fever is violent, and there is considerable determination to the head, it is well to lower the general tone of the system, by giving nauseating doses of ipe- cac, as 2 grains every hour, or a teaspoonful of ami- monial wine every hour and a half, until sickness ai stomach is felt. Then give from a half to a whole tea- spoonful of laudanum, and induce sleep. HYSTERICS. The attack is often preceded by low spirits, anxiety of mind, frequent crymg, difficulty of breathing, sick- ness at the stomach, and palpitation of the heart ; but it more usually happens that a pain is felt low down in the bowels on the left side, and this advances upwards, like a ball rolling : it enters the stomach and passes thence to the throat, occasioning apparent suffocation, stupor, and insensibility : the muscles are variously and involuntarily agitated, crying, laughing, and screaming succeed in rap! i succession, and there is often foaming at the mouth. As the fit is declining, sighing and sob- bing occur, a jd consciousness returns without knowledge of the fit ; a severe pain in the head and general sore- ness of the body results. When the paroxysm is severe,, an emetic should be given on a slight remission of the fit ; dash cold water on the skin, apply hartshorn, burnt feathers, etc. to the nostrils, rub the temples with ether, and give an injection, in which there is either turpentine, laudanum, or assafcetida ; the foot-bath, and mustard plasters to the feet are oflen useful. During the intervals of the attacks the general health should be built up ; warm clothing, exercise, nutritious diet, open bowels, and the cold bath will be all that are necessary, together with keeping the mind occupied in useful d agreeable pursuits. WHITS I* IMMODERATE FLOW OF URimif Is known by great thirst, voracious appetite, wasting awavoi'tho body, and the immoderate quantity of urine discharged. The urine is sometimes natural m charac- ter, and at other, sweetish to the taste. LugoPs solution of iodine should be given at once, from one to three drops at a dose, taken directly after each meal ; the bowels should be kept gently open, by mild means, the body warmly clad, use of the warm bath and moderate exercise. Frequent friction with the hands, especially over the kidneys, and wearing a tight belt, has been tried with advantage, and when the skin perspires freely, a bath of a lower temperature used* Animal food should be taken in moderation. FLOODING FROM. THE WOMB. In such cases, ice should be pushed up the passage as far as possible, and cold water be suddenly poured on the lower part of the belly, from a height of two or three feet; put a pillow unde the hips, so that the feet and head may be lower than the womb. Two grains of sugar of lead, and a quarter grain of opium, mixed together, has been found useful every two nours, when the discharge is not very great and lingering. There are times in which so much blood has been lost that the woman lies in a cold, death-like state ; a teaspoonful of laudanum will generally rouse her ; ether jEuid brandy are also useful. When roused, give warm ^ruel, and keep the pillow under the hips. WHITES. I have generally found an ii^ection of cold water thrown up every morning in the passage, an effectual cure. Sometimes it is advisable to use a week solution .of lun^r caustic, some three or four grains to the ouncei| 64 OBSTRUCTION OF THE MENSES. ■f III or an infusion of white oak bark or alum water : all these are good. OBSTRUCTION CF THE MENSES. Cold feet and headache generally accompany this form of disease. For this the flannel socks with cay- enne, as recommended under Headache, should be worn. Keep the bowels open ; let the diet be light and nutritious, dress warmly, take much exercise, and keep the mind usefully and pleasantly employed. At the^ time when the menses should come, apply hoi poultices, in which are plenty of spirits of camphor, to the external parts ; renew them so as to keep up a heat and irritation. A method that rarely fails to restore them is to sit in a rattan seated chair in a warm room, with a kettle of boiling water under it, so placed that the steam shall have free access to those parts ; during all this time cover with blankets; when faintness is felt get into a warm bed and drink tansy tea. : 1 i EXCESSIVE FLOW OF THE MENSES. The patient 'should at on e assume the horizonta} position with a pillow under v,he hips ; cold should be applied to the parts, and a piece of ice placed up so as to touch the womb. The bowels should be kept open. Small doses of ipecac and squill, so as to produce nau- sea and excite perspiration, are useful ; the diet must be light. Gentle exercise in a carriage and the cold bath contribute much to restore the patient when the discharge has subsided. INFLAMMATION OF THE WOMB. ' Known by the general fever and heat, tightness, tumefaction and pain in the region of the womb ; pain in the mouth of the womb when touched, and vomit- ing. There is considerable straining, and sometimes suppression of urine. WHOOPINO COUGH-— ASTHMA. 65 If the fever runs high, take blood from the arm and apply leeches over the womb ; keep the bowels open and cause free perspiration. Great relief is often af- forded by doubling up the patient's knees and putting under the clothes a basin of hot water, so as the steam may ascend up and around the parts : warm fomenta- tions are also very serviceable. The diet should be principally gruel. Sometimes the whole surface of the belly is extreme- ly tender. At such times I have seen the utmost bene- fit derived from pouring over it spirits of turpentine. WHOOPING COUGH. Known by a convulsive, choking cough, with whoop- mg, returning by fits, which are usually terminated by vomiting : it is contagious. Perhaps one of the most efTectual means of cure is removing the child to an- other part of the town or country. In common cases little more is required than giving a drink, such as flax-seed tea, to allay the cough, and keeping the bowels open. If th*e disease, however, does not abate, but increases in intensity, an ipecac emetic should be given, and followed by small doses of the syrup of squiU, with a few dro{)s of pareeoric in each dose. This will promote perspiration and af&rd relief. A strong mustard plaster to the chest has often a use- ful effect; as has the cold bath where there is no local disease : flannel should be worn all the while. Nurses sometimes fiighten the child to cure it, but it is a bad plan. ASTHMA. Known by difficult breathing, returnmg at intervals with a sense of tightness across the chest and in the lungs : a wheezing coush, hard at first but softer to- wards the close of the ht, with a discharge of mucus. This disease is generally combined wim dyspepsia, '! ' J' 66 CHOLERA MORBUS. :• t 1:1 which is perhaps its origin. It attacks most frequently in hot weather, and about midnight. On the evening before the attack, there are low spi- rits^ A sense of fulness about the stomach, with lassi- tude, drowsiness and pain in the head. The next evening a sense of tightness is perceived across the chest, impeding the breathing. This feeling rapidly increases until the patient can lie down no more : he often gets up and thrusts his head out of the window for air. The fits return at regular periods, and it is very difficult to stop them. An emetic should be administered at once. Lobelia and ipecac combined, I in ink is the most serviceable : drink boneset tea afterwards, and keep up the perspi- ration. Syrup of squill is also useful. Smoking and chewing tobacco has been beneficial; and a cup of strong coffee afforded immediate relief. The bowels should be kept open ; the tone of the general health improved, and the locality, if possible, changed until a situation is found more conducive to the patient's comfort , CHOLERA MORBUS. It comes on with soreness, pain, distension, and flat- ulency of the stomach and intestines, succeeded by severe and frequent vomiting and purging of bilious matter; heat, thirst, hurried breathmg, and frequent but weak and fluttering pulse. When the disease is mild these symptoms decrease gradually, leaving the patient in a debilitated and weak state. But where it IS more violent, depression of spirits results, cold, clam- my sweats follow ; there is anxiety ; the breathing be- comes more and more hurried; hiccup follows and results in death. The warm bath should be used, the belly fomented with hot applications, and 20 drops of laudanum given in a tablespoonful of sassafras tea: a large biisfer should be applied over the stomach. It is sometimes useful to give laudanum in the form of an injection, ttioetp^ hi where the stomach will not otherwise retain it. Opi- um is given in the form of a powder, one grain with one quarter grain of ipecac, every hour and a half, till the excessive intestinal action ceases. Toast and water is the best drink, to which, if there is much weakness, a little burnt brandy may be added ; the diet should be light and nutritious : an infusion of chamomile flowers is a useful tonic at such times. Ex- posure of all kinds should be carefully avoided, and the feet and belly particularly kept warm. It is proper to keep a careful watch over the belly, frequently press- ing on it to see if tenderness exists, which, if discovered must be treated by leeches and blisters, according to the intensity of the pain. Castor oil is a useful laxa- tive to keep the bowels regular. An excellent remedy for this disease may be found by taking Powdered Rhubarb ; Carb. of Soda, of each 30 grains ; Mix them thoroughly in half a pint of hot peppermint tea, adding a tablespoonful of brandy and 60 drops of laudanum. After every fit of vomiting or purging, take a tablespoonful, until the disease is stopped. In conjunction with this treatment, I have put over the stomach a strong mustard plaster, with the happiest effect. HICCUP. To relieve this when troublesome, a litde oil pf pep- permint dropped on sugar and swallowed, is service' able : a mustard plaster is also often useful. INFLAMMATORY FEVER. This fever comes on by a sense of weakness and inactivity, succeeded by dizziness, shiverings, and pains extending over the whole body, particularly the chest and back ; these symptoms are shortly followed by redness of the face and eyes, great resdessness, intense PM ,1 '. 1j ■:„ ., ;■! 68 TTPHUS FEVER. heat, unquenchable thirst, oppressed breathing and nau- sea. The skin is dry and parched ; the tongue of a scarlet color at the sides, furred with white in the cen- tre ; the urine red and scanty ; bowels costive : there is a quickness and hardness in the pulse which is not affected by pressure. If allowed to proceed, these symp- toms become rapidly more intense, stupor and delirium succeed, w»th violent raving. At the end of fourteen days it terminates in a crisis, either by sweating, loose- ness of bowels, bleeding from the nose, or a deposit in the urine which produces a copious sediment : the pulse softens gradually toward the fourteenth day. The danger is generally proportioned to the violence of the delirium ; if there is picking at the bed-clothes, starting of the tendons, involuntary passages by stool and urine, it will certainly terminate fatally. Bleeding from the arm, with the patient in an upright position, to fainting, will often cut short the disease at once. The bowels should be well purged with salts and senna, or jalap and cream of tartar, (ten grains of jalap and thirty of cream of tartar to the dose). Per- spiration should be induced by giving three grains of James' powder and two of nitre, every two hours until it is freely established — then giving it at longer intervals. The patient must be put in a cool room, where it is rather dark and perfectly quiet. The diet should mainly consist of barley-water, with a very little nitre dissolved in it to quench the thirst ; for this latter purpose, also, pieces of ice may be taken in the mouth and allowed to melt. The clothing should be of the lightest kind. It is proper to repeat the bleeding the second day, if there is no remission of symptoms. Sometimes a particular organ, as the brain or lungs, becomes affected : in such cases, besides the general treatment, use the same means as if inflammation ot such organ were alone the matter. TTPHUS FEVER. This first comes on with great weakness, low spirits, excessive weariness and general soreness, with pains in TTPHVS FEVER. 69 the head, back, and extremities, succeeded by shiver- ings : the eyes appear full, heavy, yellowish, and often a little inflamed: the arteries at the temple throb violently ; the tongue is dry and parched, breathing laborious, interrupted with deep sighing ; the breath is hot and offensive, urine pale, bowels costive * the pulse quick, small, hard and unequal. Sometimes a great heat, load, and pain is felt at the pit of the stomach, fol-* lowed by profuse bilious vomiting. As the disease ad- vances, tne pulse becomes more frequent, the fever higher, breathing difficult, with anxiety, sighing and moaning ; the thirst increases ; the inside of the mouth becomes covered with a sticky brownish or black fur — speaking becomes difficult, and then not understood ; and muttering and delirium ensue. Finally, as it pro- ceeds, all the symptoms become worse ; there is bleed- ing from the gums and various parts of the body ; livid spots appear on the surface, and hiccup ushers in death. In warm climates, this fever seldom continues above a week ; but in colder ones it lasts three or four. An emetic of twenty grains of ipecac and one of tar- tar emetic, may be at once administered : let the bow- els then be emptied by a large dose of castor oil : then give small doses of ipecac and squills to promote per- spiration. In cases where the skin keeps hot and dry, sponge it from head to foot with cold water in which a little vinegar is mixed ; but where the patient is very low, and the skin cold, the tepid bath will better assist the sweating. A very light vegetable diet should be pursued, except where there is positive sinking, and then it must be more nutritious : wine is allowed in such cases, given according to the urgency : wine whey is also useful. Virginia snake-root or chamomile infusions are given to strengthen the system ; also a few drops of oil of vitriol in every pitcher of water that is drank. Ripe fruits, such as have a sour taste, are highly recommended. Keeping the bowels open by gentle medicines or injec- tions, and being careful that extreme cleanliness and yentUauon is attended to, will eomplete the cure. If f II, h si' ' 1 '■: • fv i:l iO CONTINUED FEVER— CHICKEN-POX. spots appear in the mouth, gargles of goldthread and honey, with a little alum, are useful to remove them. If there is much mental anxiety or tremors, mustard plasters should be applied to the feet, or these bathed as high as the knees in mustard and hot water ; and a teaspoonful of ether or ten grains of Dover's pcrwder a ken to induce rest. I have heard of cures of typhus fever in which all nope was gone, and yet the patients recovered by yeast given by the wineglassful every three hours. CONTINUED FEVEB, Is SO called, when it begins in the same manner as the inflammatory fever, but ends in typhus, seeming to be a blending of both. As it assumes the appearance of one or the other, it must be treated accordingly. Yellow Fever and Ship Fever are names for varietiei of Typhus. NETTLE RASH. Known by the rapid nrise after a slight degree of fever, of the sores resembling the sting of a nettle ; they move about from one part of the body to another. They generally last but a short time, from a few hours to one day ; in some* constitutions, weeks and months elapse before they disappear. The disease is generally brought on by imprudence in diet, eating something that did not agree. In some cases where the stomach is foul, an emetic is advisable ; in others, a purgative will effect a cure. Boneset, or catnep tea will often create p. serviceable perspiration. CmCKBN POCK. Known by a moderate fever, ushering in an eruption of pimples, bearing some resemblance to the small pox, they n"'/»kly form pustules, containing a watery matter. MEASLES. 61 and after three or four days from thetr first appearance fall off in little scales. The bowels should be kept open by castor oil, and boneset lea administered to keep up the perspiration. If the stomach is foul at the commencement of the dis- ease, an emetic of ipecac should be given. The diet flow, as a matter of course. MEASLES. This disease comes on with the ordinary symptoms of fever in grown persons, but in children, besides these, with soreness in the throat : its characteristic symptoms are heaviness about the eyes, inflammation, and gush- ing of sharp tears ; the eyes extremely acute, and un- able to bear the light without pain ; with all this is a discharge of watery humor from the nostrils that pro- duces sneezing. The fever and other symptoms in- crease rapidly : a frequent and short dry cough comes on, with stuffing, great oppression, and oftentimes a dis- position to vomit ; violent pains in the lungs, and some- times a looseness. At other times, there is great sweat- ing, a foul and dry tongue, and great thirst. The eruption comes on generally the fourth day ; three days after- wards the redness diminishes, the spots dry up, the old skin peels off and is replaced by a new one. By the tenth or eleventh day no traces of redness are to be found, and the skin looks quite natural. As cough, headache and fever continue during the eruption, the patient, at the end of it, is worse off than before, and these symptoms continue, often become aggravated, and lay the foundation for a host of other evUs. The bowels should be kept open during 1;he progress of the disease ; castor oil is excellent for this purpose ; where the disease sets in with great violence, moderate bleeding is highly serviceable, and will prevent much after trouble. Two grains of James* powder, and half a grain of ipecac, mixed in a powder, may be given every two hours, to promote sweating. When there is much wheezing, give an emetic occasionally. The 1 = l< >> li ! 1 P I Mi t> ! 'I \^f I SCARLET FEVER. couffh may be relieved by flaxseed tea, or any similaf flooming drink. The diet should be Ught. Through, out the whole course of this disease, look occasionalh to the lungs and bowels: if either become afTected^ remedies may be found under their proper heads, as also if symptoms of typhus appear. If, by any means, the eruption has been imprudently checked, and the usual distress follows, put the patient at once into a warm bath ; give hot catnep or hoarhound tea, and if much sinking occurs, a little etner or brandy ; these means will generally suffice to hurry it on. Avoid exposure of all kinds, for some time after re- covery ; wear warm clothing, and be attentive to the diet and state of the bowels. SCARLET FBV^R. !•' This begins with languor, mactivity, confused ideas, and chills and shivering, alternating with fits of heat. There is much thirst; a dry skin, anxiety, nausea, and vomiting. About the third day, a scarlet efflorescence appears on the skin, the fever roost times still continuing; in three or four days this departs ; a general sweat breaks out, the fever subsides, the outer skin falls off in small scales, and the patient becomes well. Sometimes a dropsical swelling will replace the reddening, and cover the whole body, lasting, however, but a short time. When it comes on in a more violent manner, the above symptoms, at the commencement, run still higher, there is vomiting of bilious matter, soreness of the throat, and inflammation, succeeded by ulceration of the ton- -^sils ; the breathing is frequent and laborious, and the pulse small and depressed. The reddening on the third day only aggravates the existing symptoms, and often brings out worse ones ; in its progress, a universal red- ness, without pustules, pervades the face, body and limbs, causing those parts to swell. The eyes and nos- trils are also reddened ; in proportion, as the eyes have an inflamed appearance, so does tha tendency to deli •OARLET FEVER. 69 num increase. From the first, the inside of the throat is very much inflamed ; grayish sloughs soon appear, giving the throat a speckled appearance, and making the breath smell very bad. The patient is often cut off •n a few days : if recovery ensues at all, it will be slow ; dropsy is apt to follow, as well as enormous swellings around the glands of the neck, which form matter very •lowly and completely exhaust whatever little strength he patient may have left. The worst form of the disease puts on at its com- mencement symptoms the same in kind as the others, but more intense ; the pulse is small and indistinct, and irregular ; the tongue, teeth and lips covered with a brown or black crust ; the eyes of a dull red ; dark red flushing of the cheeks ; deafness, delirium or insen- sible sleep ; the breath smells extremely bad ; the re- spiration is ratdin^ and performed with difficulty, in some measure arising from thick phlegm clogging the parts behind the mouth ; swallowing is painful and difficult ; the neck is swelled and of a livid color, and the head is drawn back. Ulceratipns may be observed on the tonsils covered with dark sloyghs ; the tongue has the skin removed from it by the slightest touch, and is painfully tender. An acrid discharge flows from the nostrils, raising blisters and chaps about the nose and lips : at first this discharge is thin, but afterwards thick and yellowish. The rash is generally very faint except in a few patches, and it soon changes to a dark or livid red color ; it appears late ; is uncertain in the period of it, staying and often mixed with livid spots ; sometimes goes away the first three hours after tbni)- ing and does not return for three days. In an ad- vanced stage, bleedings take place from various parts of the body. When this disease is going off, the fiery redness abates gradually ; a brownish color succeeds, the swell- ings go down and health is gradually restored. Where it is to prove fatal, the fever runs high from the start ; the skin is hot and dry; the pulse frequent and small : great thirst prevails; the reddening appears on tb« 64 SCARLET FEVER. second day, or sooner, and on the third or fourth is in- terspersed with livid spots ; a high degree of dehrium arises; bleedings take place from various parts, and the patient is cut off the sixth or eighth day. In some instances a purging arises which takes the patient off at once. Some again get over all this, become drop- sical, fall into a decline, and are carried off in a few weeks. In the first or simple form of the disease we have mentioned, nothing is required beyond keeping the bowels open ; inducing a perspiration ; making the diet light, and removing the patient to a cool, quiet room. Cold water in all diseases where there is thirst, may be used moderately, except, of course, in cases where its mere bulk would cause trouble, as in inflammation ot* the stomach and bowels, and then the thirst may be removed by sponging the mouth and throat and allow- ing ice to melt in it. In all cases the patient should be removed to a cool, quiet room, if possible. Where the skin is very hot and dry, sponging its surface with cold water will give immediate relief. Where the throat is affected and the fever runs high- er, we must be guided by the symptoms as to whether they point to an inflammatory or typhoid character, and treat accordingly. In general, an emetic of 20 grains ipecac and one of tartar emetic, will prove serviceable by clearing the stomach, reducing the fever, and reliev- ing the throat. A large dose of castor oil should suc- ceed this ; but it should be kept in mind that where the fever is high and the throat much affected, an occa- sional emetic, such as mentioned, is extremely useful. Ipecac and squill may be given in small doses to pro- mote sweating, (ipecac, 2 grains ; squill, half a grain.) Boneset and catnep teas are also useful for this. When the skin continues permanently hot and th. re is much fever, immediate relief can be afforded by sponging the body from head to feet with cold water, until the pa- tient feels better : this method is inexpressibly grateful and refreshing. Where the inflammation in the throat runs high, leeches should be applied to the outside •OAALET FEVER. ^ freely, followed by blisterinc behind the neck and ears : the mouth and throat should be freely gargled ; balm or any mild herb tea is good for this purpose, with salt- petre dissolved in it. I have found great benefit in the use of a gargle made by putting a few drops of aqua tbrlis or nitric acid into a pitcher of water, or enough ito make it taste very slightly sour, and often and freely rinsing the throat and mouth with it. When the disorder puts on a typhus character and there is much sinking, a more generous diet is allowed : wine is sometimes given in alarming cases, with strength- ening medicines, as infusion of columbo, (one ounce to the pint of hot water, allowed to stand two hours, strained, and a tablespoonful taken for a dose.) Alarm- ing symptoms often spring up which require immediate alleviation. Vomiting should be relieved by soda wa- ter, or an effervescing draught made by adding a tea- spoonful of saleratus to a teaspoonful of lemon juice, in half a glass of water, and drink while foaming. A strong mustard plaster, or blister, to the stomach, is also useful if there is much tenderness on pressure. Looseness should be stopped by half grain doses of opium and ipecac, given every two hours. Dropsy and all other local diseases treated as directed under their separate heads. After the scarlet fever had gone off*, I have seen the glands on the throat swell to an alarming size, so that the neck could not be distinguished; the respiration wheezing, and suffocation threatened every instant ; the skin hot, and fever. I have applied a number of leeches at once to the outside of the throat ; or where these were not convenient, given a strong emetic and immediate relief has generally been obtained. Aftei the immediate danger is over, the formation of matter should be assisted by poultices. SMALL POX. Distinct Form. — When this disease has arisen natu- rally, the eruption is commonly preceded by redness in SMALL POX. r. ■\ '4 ' the eyes, soreness in the throat, pains in the head, back and loins, weariness and faintness, fits of heat and chilliness, thirst, nausea, sometimes vomiting and a quick pulse. Sometimes these symptoms are extremely violent, at others quite mild ; very young children often have convulsions. On the fourth morning from the seizure, the eruption shows itself in little red spots on the face, neck, and breast, and these continue to increase m number and size for three days longer, at which time they are to be observed dispersed over various parts of the body ; if the pustules are not very numerous, they will be much abated or entirely cease. The determination to the skin often brings out little spots of the nature of erysipe- las, but these usually disappear as soon as matter begins to form in the pustules, which is generally thw fifth or sixth day, at which period a minute bladdei containing a watery matter, may be seen on the top of each pimple. If the pustules are perfectly distinct from each other, they will be filled by the ninth day with thick yellow matter ; but if they run into each other, it will take a longer time to effect this filling. When the pustules are very thick on the face, it is apt to become swelled, and the eyelids closed, before which the voice is hoarse, swallowing is difficult, and a considerable quantity of thick spittle is discharged. On the eleventh day, the swelling goes down to settle on the hands and feet, and the pustules break, and the matter runs out; the pustules become dry and fall in crusts, leaving the skin for some days after of a brownish red color. Where the pustules are large, and late in falling off, they are apt to leave pits behind them, but where they are small, few in number and form matter quickly, no marks are left, or much disturbance occasioned in the system. Confluent Form. — In that form of the disease where the pustules run into each other, the fever that precedes them is much more violent, and there is often drowsi- ness or delirium. In infants, violent convulsions occur, which often prove fatal before the eruption. The pus- •MALL POX. 67 head, back ' heat and Ling and a 3 extremely ildren often tie eruption I, neck, and lumber and 3y are to be he body ; if ill be much ition to the 5 of erysipe- as matter enerally th«» ute bladdei n the top of listinct from h day with ich other, it face, it is osed, before ficult, and a arged. On settle on the the matter ,11 in crusts, rownish red ite in falling but where tter quickly, ioned in the jease where lat precedes ften drowsi- sions occur, . The pus- tutei come out on the third day, frequently preceded or accompanied with a rosy flush, like the measles ; the fever does not go off, and although it diminishes a little, yet increases on the fifth or sixth day, and continues through the rest of the disease. There is a considera- ble flow of spittle in adults, and in children a looseness of bowels. The little bladders on the top of the pustules are perceived sooner than in the other form of the dis ease, but instead of rising up, they are usually flattening, and the matter in the pimples, instead of becoming yel- low, is of a brown color. When the swelling of the face ceases, and that of the hands and feet begins, the pimples pour out a liauor that forms into black or brown crusts, which upon falling off, leaves pits that mark for life, and by the running in of the pimples together, often scar and disfigure the face ; sometimes when the dis- ease is exceedingly violent, livid spots are seen among the pustules, and discharges of blood take place by urine, stool, and from various parts of the body. The fever becomes more violent when the pustules are filled with brown matter ; it is called secondary fever, and is the most dangerous stage of the disease. It has been noticed as a remarkable fact, that small pox is apt to appear before or after the prevalence of measles ; and tnat this last disease, will seize a patient affected with small pox, and run through its course, allowing the small pox then to continue its pro- gress. Between the eighth and eleventh day, is the time for this disease to prove fatal, but it is now and then protracted to the sixteenth day. The treatment varies according to the kind of dis- ease. In the distinct form, where the constitution is good, and habit stout, a little blood has been taken. If the stomach is not tender, an ipecac emetic is advisable, and then clearing the bowels with a strong dose of cas- tor oil; sweating remedies should then be used, as ooneset or catnep tea, or ipecac in small doses. The patient should be freely exposed to the cold aiis and where there is great heat and redness of skin, the body sponged with either warm or cold water, the most pre- 68 VARIOLOID, OR MODIFIED SMAt.L-POX. ■i ferable to the patient s feelings being chosen. The diet should be light. V/hen the eruption appears, there is little occasion for further treatment. In the confluent form, an emetic may be given, the bowels opened, and of course kept open by gentle means, and sweating induced. If the head is affected, soak the feet in warm water, in which mustard is mixed, and apply mustard plasters to the soles of the feet and thighs. Where the skin is pale and cold, and the pulse weak, the tepid bath is useful in hastening the eruption ; when at a more advanced period the postules flatten, and alarming symptoms follow, ether, wine, or lauda- num may be given. When the disease takes on a de- bilitating appearance or typhoid character, use the remedies recommended in typhus fever, for strengthen- ing the system. Diarrhoea during the secondary fever, should be moderated by a powder composed of Dover's powder, 6 grains. " Powdered chalk, 6 grains, And repeated, if the bowels continue as loose as be- fore. In violent and continued vomiting, give Powdered opium, 3-4 of a grain. " Camphor, 1 1-2 grains. In the form of a powder, repeating, if necessary. The eyes may be kept from injury, by placing against them pieces of linen wet in cold water ; it is very efTec- tual and agreeable. By thef last accounts it is said that blistering the pustules, and thus breaking them, and scattering their contents, will prevent the pitting. VARIOLOID, OR MODIFIED SMALL-POX. This disease occurs in consequence of exposure to smali-pox contagion of a constitution pieviously acted upon by the cow-pox. Persons may take the small-pox twice, tind such cases I have seen personally, but they ox. L. The diet irs, there is 3 given, the I by gentle [ is aiTected, ,rd is mixed, the feet and ad the pulse he eruption ; ules flatten, e, or lauda- ces on a de- ;er, use the ■ strengthen- ndary fever, dof COW-POX — ^VAC AilATIOlV. 69 loose as be- ,ve can never take it if properly vaccinated — ^the only dis- ease with which they can then be afiected is the va- rioloid. I The varioloid, in the majority of cases, is preceded by a slight fever, though instances occur in wnich it is as violent as in severe small-pox: the eruption then appears in successive clusters, coming out in no certain period, in duTerent cases of disease, but varying from llie fever, so that the jmtient often gets up when the pustules come out. A red flush or rash, resembling measles, not unfrequently comes out before the pimples ; these much resemble the milder cases of chicken pock, and many times the small, firm, red, raised spots are changed to litde watery bladders, in the course of the first or second day ; many times, however, they dry ofi* at once. Sometimes the little bladders become filled with a fluid resembling matter, and are a little flattened in the centre, but change by the third or fourth day into thin dark scabs, which separate, and drop off by the seventh day. The vesicles rarely or never pit the skin, though warty substances have remained after them. This disease, of course, requires only a light diet, free access of air, and open bowels, to get well of itself; if any other symptoms arise, directions for the treat- ment may be round under the head of small-pox. necessary. ping against very effec- is said that them, and tting. Exposure to lously acted p small-pox ly, but they COW-POX — ^VACOINATroN. k clearly defined circular space, not very large, with appearances of lines running from the centre to the edges, and full of punctures — will mark the genuine cow-pox sore The seventh day is the best time for taking out th atter : slightly cut the edee of the pus- tule and press it gently out, tnen rolling me quills m it and allowing the lymph to dry on them. In order to vaccmate, cut a piece of one of the quills to a sharp point, and having firs pushed the lancet or blade *A ape i knife a little way under the skin, insert the quill in the incision, and allow it to remain there some nve or ten minutes, that will be sufficient 70 PEVER AND AOTJE. ■ i If inflammation of the arm follows, treat it on the or dinary pmn. FEVER AND AGUE. Well known, without particular description, by its cold, hot, and sweating stages, succeeding each othei in regular order, and followed by an intermission or re- mission. There are three kinds of them : The quotidian ague. The paroxysms returning in the morning, at an mterval of twenty-four hours. The tertian ague. The paroxysms coming on at mid-day, at intervals of forty-eight hours. Tho quartan ague. The paroxysms coming on in the afternoon, with an interval of seventy-two hours. The tertian is most apt to prevail in the spring, and the quartan in autumn. Of the many means adopted for cutting short the cold stage, emetics and opium seem the most efficient; though blood-letting has been tried with marked success. It must be understood, however, in this place, that the ordinary intermittants of temperate climates rarely re- quire any interference during the paroxysms. In weak and debilitated persons, where the disease is severe, the exhibition of a grain or two of opium, a short time before the chills come on, will often cut them short at once. In the hot stase, where the fever runs high, blood- letting will not only be beneficial at the time, but render the system more capable of being affected by the reme- dies afterwards used to alleviate the disease. When the skin is hot and dry, and the pulse full, drinking cold water will give relief. Sweating drinks, as boneset and catnep, or the exhibition of smcdl doses of ipecac, are also useful. To check the excessive vomiting, give one grain of opium and one of camphor, mixed. Dr. Eberle recommends as a means of checking vomiting, in all cases unattended widi inflammation of the stomach, the £)llowins solution : Dissolve 40 grains of camphor in one ounce of sul- it on the or ption, by its I each othei tiission or re- returning in hours, oming on at coming on in ^-two hours, ring, and the hort the cold jient; though success. It ace, that the tes rarely re- is. In weak ise is severe, a short time lem short at high, blood- le, but render by the reme- !ase. When drinking cold 3 boneset and f ipecac, are dng, give one Dr. Eberlf. niting, in all stomach, the ounce of svH* FBVBR AND AGVB n pfauric ether : dose 30 drops, given with 10 grains of calcined magnesia, repeated every half hour, until romiting is arrested. As soon as the first evidences of perspiration break mt upon the skin, withhold entirely all cold drinks ; wke-warm teas, of a mild character, may be given ieely, as the patient requires. In cases where there is considerable feverish action between the paroxysms, it will be proper, before giving the barks, to reduce this action : bleed, if necessary ; purge with epsom salts, and administer the sweating powders. Emetics are also very useful, if the tongue is foul. When, after the exhibition of all these remedies, the excited state continues between these paroxysms, it is well to wait for four or five attacks before the barks are exhibited, merely giving a purge every other day. When the fits leave the patient comparatively well, no further time should be lost ; a mild purge should be given, and then the remedies administered. Peruvian bark, and its extract, quinine, have long held the first rank for this purpose. When the bark alone is em- ployed, at least two ounces should be given between the fits of quotidian, and so in proportion for the other forms. Dr. Eberle says "that whatever views we may adopt with regard to the time at which it may be best to be- gin the bark or quinine, there can be no doubt concern- ing the propriety of giving large doses, in such a man ner as to make a decided impression on the system in the latter period of the intermission. I am satisfied that two or three large doses — three grains of the quinine, given two or three hours before the paroxysm, will do more towards averting it, than a large quantity exhibited in small doses during the whole intermission. If the bark in substance be employed, not less that one quar- ter of an ounce should be given at each dose : such doses taken at intervals of an hour and a half within the last five hours of the intermission, will perhaps, do all that can be eflocted by bark in this disease." Tf the bark is apt to constipate, give a dose of rhu- barb with every doae of the bark . if it purges, give 79 FALSE FEVER AND AGUV-HSOURVT. ■J > 1 ; i 1 1 five grains of Dover's powder with every dose if it is thrown up from the stomach, give snakeroot with it. Of course, if the stomach is irritable, the proper means should be taken for restoring it, as cupping and blisters When quinine is given, the following mixture is very useful. Take Sulphate of Quinine, 16 grains ; Elixir of Vitriol, 16 drops : Water, 1 ounce ; Mix thoroughly, and give a teaspoonful every hour oi two for adults, and in proportion for children. Willow bark is coming into extensive use : its pro- perties are similar to cinchona, or Peruvian bark. Its dose is from half an ounce to an ounce. Salacine, an extract made from it, similar to quinine, is given in doses of three or six grains, each time. Spider's web, such as we find in our cellars, has been u^ed with great success, in doses jf five or six grains every three or four hours. Dr. Eberle iays — " In my own person, it produces the most delightful state of mental and corporeal tranquility, far exceeding that which is caused by opium." FALSE FEVER AND AGUE. In fever and ague districts, there are cases in which pains come on in various parts of the body, at regular times ; as also toothache, rheumatism, diarrhoea, dy- sentery, hiccup, etc. etc. Sometimes these are preced- ed by chilliness, and succeeded by a moist skin. The same remedies should be applied in these and as in that of fever and ague. In fever and ague, when the stomach, liver or any other part becomes inflamed, directions for treatment may be found under its appropriate head. SCURVY. Known by extreme debility ; pale and bloated com- plexion sive b] from V! tremel} want o: The exercisi The pa and as and len of acid and su spongy made b it. De useful i may be hand, o the eart patient air and Bronc by the cough V free exp ration is there is loss of 8 lar; urii towards rising in this frotl passing are irrit been ne^ CHRONIC BRONCHITIS. 78 e if it is t with it. per means d blisters ire is very y hour oi : its pro- bark. Its lacine, an 3 given in !, has been six grains — " In my il state of 3ding that } in which at regular 'hcea, dy- re preced- dn. The a.nd as in er or any treatment ited com- plexion ; spongy gums ; livid spots on the skin ; offen- sive breath ; watery swellings of the legs ; bleeding from various parts of the body; foul ulcers, and ex- tremely offensive stools. It generally arises from a want of fresh air, cleanliness, and nutritious food. The cure must be effected principally by diet and exercise, together with cheering the mind of the patient. The patient should be supplied with wholesome food, and as many fresh vegetables as he requires. Oranges and lemons are also useful, as they contain a quantity of acid in themselves. Vinegar, spruce beer, cider, and such like are also extremely beneficial. The spongy state of the gums may be improved by a wash made by dropping oil of vitriol into water until it sours it. Decoctions of cinchona and willow bark are also useful as washes for the same purpose. The limbs may be eased of their stiffness by rubbing with the hand, or fomenting or poulticing them. In hot climates the earth bath is tried with evident success. Keep the patient perfectly clean, and let him be out in the open air and exercise as much as he can without fatigue. CHRONIC BRONCHITIS. Bronchial Consumption. — Known in its simple form by the name of Catarrh, in old people. There is a cough which is very troublesome, and attended with a free expectoration of a white, frothy mucus ; the respi- ration is uneasy, and now and then there is wheezing ; there is a sense of weight at the pit of the stomach ; loss of appetite ; tongue a little furred ; bowels irregu- lar ; urine scanty and red ; and pulse quick, more so towards evening. The coughing is most severe on rising in th^ morning, when a considerable quantity of this frothy mucus is spit up. It is also aggravated by passing into colder air, or into an atmospnere where are irritating vapors, fire or smoke. When this has been neglected for a long time it often ends in 74 DTSPBPTIO OONSUBfPTION. ill ft! 1 ! I i i i tfATABBHAL CONSUMFTIONf Between which and the true tubercular consumption, few people discriminate, though the difference is di great importance in the treatment. As the symptoms of bronchitis progress, the expectoration is thick, opaque and sticky, so that you can turn the basin in which the S'pittle is received, upside down, without its falling out : small lumps of firm mucus are found in it which are capable of sinking in water ; and there are also litde flaky substances formed capable of floating on water. At last the expectoration will resemble cream, or be of a uniform, greenish yellow color, sinking readily in water. By this time, of course, there is considerable fever, slight at first, but increasing in intensity till the head and breast perspires regularly every night ; there is now more thirst, the urine is high colored, letting fall a red sediment on standing ; a sense of soreness in the chest ; now and then a stitch, but very rarely any fixed pain. These symptoms, if neglected, increase in in- tensity until the cheeks regularly flush in the afternoon ; the tongue becomes clean and assumes a shining ap- pearance ; exhausting sweats come on ; diarrhoea su- pervenes, and the last act is ushered in by the swelled ankles. Eberle mendons that when this form of bron- chitis is complicated with disease of the liver, it is generally termed 11 I \i DYSPEPTIC CONSUMPTION. Known, besides the symptom smcntioned, by tender- ness and tightness at the pit of the stomach, extending below the ribs on the right side ; irregular bowels, with unnatural stools ; sallowness of the skin and yellow of the whites of the eyes ; windy stomach ; indigestion, with variable appetite; cougli after eating, with in- creased difficulty in breathing ; now and then nausea and vomiung. In the early stage of chronic bronchitis, where the pulse is active, the application of Cupping glasses to ill insumption» rence is dl symptoms ick, opaque I which the falling out : which are e also little g on water, im, or be ot ; readily in :onsiderable isity till the [light ; there , letting fall eness in the ly any fixed rease in in- e afternoon ; shining ap- iarrhoea su- the swelled ►rm of bron- liver, it is DYSPEPTIC CONSUMPTION'. 76 , by tender- extending )0wels, with id yellow of indigestion, ig, with in- then nausea ■where the g glasses to the chest has been attended with benefit ; but caution should be used, as the abstraction of even a small quantity of blood has increased the general irritation, and added to the weakness. The skin should be guarded from all atmospheric changes by the constant use of flannel. The best remedy that can be obtained is residence in a mild and even climate. I would ro commend that of Curacoa, on the shores of South Ame- rica, for that purpose. The temperature is delightful, and it rarely rains. When I visited the place, some three years ago, there were visitors from many of the West India islands, there solely for purposes of health, it being a common custom in these islands to send those afliicted with complaints of the chest to Curacoa to re- cover. If the patient's situation, however, does not allow his going to such places, the air of his rooms should be kept at an agreeable and regular tempera- ture at all times, and when the weather is mild, exer- cise taken in the open air. I have often given immediate and permanent relief in chronic bronchitis by the use of the following mix- ture. Take Balsam of Copaiva, 1-2 an ounce ; Carbonate of Potash or Saleratus, 1-2 an ounce ; Dissolve in two tablespoonsful of water. Sweet spirits of nitre, 1 ounce. Thick syrup or molasses, 1 pint. Shake them always well together before using ; the dose is a tablespoonful directly after every meal. Blisters have been applied to the chest with go y1 effect ; if used, make a large one, and heal up as sook as'possible ; but the most efficient remedy, is to rub over the chest an ointment of tartar emetic, made as follows; Tartar emetic, 1-8 of an ounce. Fresh lara, I ounce : mix 7^ I ; i 1 Hi V6 CONSUMPTION. This, in the course of a day or two, will bring out a crop of pustules, which should then be kept covered witn large emollient poultices, till the pustules are en- tirely healed. The same course should immediately be repeated, and continued as long as irritation on the outsiae of the chest is required. In advanced stages, where the expectoration puts on the characters of pus or matter, benefit has been derived from the following mixture : Take Tincture of Foxglove, 1-2 an ounce. ** of the Balsam of Tolu, 1 ounce ; mix. Dose, a teaspoonful three times a day. Sometimes in old persons, where there is not much fever, the cough is troublesome, and prevents sleep ; some six grains of Dover's powder, given in such cases, will procure a comfortable night's rest. Two or three grains of extract of Lettuce, will also have the same effect A remedy greatly prised in this disease, is made by takinfif o Sugar of lead, 1 grain. Extract of henbane, 1 grain ; mix, and give it three times a day. When this affection is complicated with disease of the liver, pustules may be produced on the pit of the stomach and lower edge of the ribs on the right side, and an infusion of roots of the blue flag taken. £nglehard*s mixture is celebrated in cases of chronic catarrh, when the expectoration resembles matter, it is made by taking of Extract of henbane, 60 grains. Flowers of sulphur, 60 grains. Extract of liquorice, 60 grains, and mixing them well together. Dose, eight grains of the mixture, to be taken three times daily. RING-WORM — ^ITOH. 77 1 bring out a Lept covered ules are en- immediately itation on the ation puts on been derivctl ;e. ounce ; mix. is not much svents sleep ; in such cases, rwo or three ive the same )j is made by mix, ith disease of he pit of the he right side, ken. ses of chronic js matter. It ight grains of The root of Actea racemosa, or herb Christopher, has Deen much used in the form of infusion— one ounce to ti pint of water ; dose, a tablespoonful every four hours during the day. RING-WORM. This commences with slight itching and redness, suc- ceeded by a ring of little round bladders, full of a watery tUiid, which break on the fifth day, and change into brownish scales, which in turn fall off by the ninth day, leaving a red flush, which gradually goes off. Succes- sive crops may come out, so that the disease is kept up for weeks, causing most of the time a tingling itching sensation. It occurs mostly on the neck and face. By far the best application to this is made by boiling the grated root of the eommon narrow-leafed dock in lard, and applying it to the sore. If the bowels are bound, give castor oil. Washes are sometimes used with good effect, of white or blue vitirol, sixty grains of either, dissolved in a pint of water, or saleratus, or soda, one quarter of an ounce dissolved in a pint of water. ITCH. This well known and troublesome contagious disease, requires no particular description; in it the bowels should be kept open, and an ointment applied to the skin* made as follows : Take of melted lard, 1-2 a pound. ** of flower of sulphur, 1-4 of a pound, mix them together well. Let one quarter of this be rubbed on the surface of the body each night four times successively. A strong decoction of yellow dock, drank plentifully «very day, will assist the cure. 78 DISBAbB Ot THB SDLJN^SALT RHSUM. M % 80ALD HBAD OF OHILDBBN. This is characterized by small ulcers at the root of the hairs of the head, which produce a white friable crust. The head should be kept perfectly clean by washing, and the ointment of yellow dock applied, mentioned under ring- worm ; the bowels kept open, and the sui^ face of the skin frequently washed. DISEASES OF THE SKIN, Both in children and adults, most often proceed from want of cleanliness, and attention to the state of the stomach; and nature kindly takes this means of warn- ing, by painting on the skin in pretty legible characters, our danger, and her dissatisfaction at our neglect. It can easily be perceived, therefore, the 'importance of frequent bathing, and of not allowing the bowels to become disordered, and that restoring the functions of both skin and stomach, will do much to effect a cure. SALT RHEUM, A well known eruption coming out on different parts of the surface of the body ; sometimes affecting the whole surface, and at others, the back of the hands or face. It is attended with great irritation, producing in- tolerable itching and heat. Look first to the state of the stomach and bowels ; iet them be kept open, and the discharges healthy in appearance : the diet should be moderately light and nutritious. I have always found considerable benefit in diseases of the skin, where they seemed tardy and un3rielding by the exhibition of Lugoi's solution of iodine, from one to three drops taken after eating each meal : it may re- quire time to produce any effect, but give it that time, and it will generally cure. Scrutinize carefully the Datient'« manner of life; SWBLLIU BBlASTd. 79 vomething is undoubtedly wrong, and after once dis- covering the thing wrong, set it right. Bathing eithei in warm or cold water is undoubtedly of great servico. Many things are used as applications to put on the af- fected parts; great benefit will be derived from mixing an ounce of citron ointment with three ounces of fresh lard, and rubbing the mixture on the part. An oint- ment of equal parts of lard and tar, is also useful ; as is also the yellow dock, mentioned before. I have been informed that poke-berries, simmered in hog's lard, have many times effected a cure. Poke-berries ironed flat, and put on the affected parts, almost always give present relief from the itching. TOOTHACHE. Though the only infallible remedy for this complaint is to extract the tooth, yet many remedies will relieve the pain, if not cause it entirely to cease. A sheet of writing paper, rolled up in the form of a cone, and set on fire, will leave behind it on the plate some drops of caustic oil : apply this to the inside of the tooth, and it will give ease. Oil of cloves is also used, for the same purpose. The most efficacious remedy I have ever seen to relieve this tormenting pain, is, next to kreosote or oil of smoke, a preparation made by pounding alum fine, and on the powder dropping enough of sweet spirits of nitre to wet it: fill the cavity of the tooth with this. Sometimes the pain extends to one or both jaws, and it is difficult to point out the particular tooth that aches the most; in such cases, a warm poultice, made by slightly boiling a decoction of poppy-heads with Indian meal, will give relief, if applied to the jaws : a mustard plaster or blister put behind the ears, is also serviceable. SWELLED BREASTS. Sometimes the breasts swell and become painful from the distension occasioned by the quantity of milk they so NIOHT-MARE — DISTURBrD SLEEP. contain ; and the trouble increases if there is no meang of emptying them by suction. In such cases, a quart bottle should be taken, that has a smooth and even opening, and held over the stcrim of boiUng water till it becomes full of the vapor. Have ready, in the mean- while, cloths wot with water as cold as can be pro- cured. Now apply the opening of the warm bottle filled with steam to the nipple, see that it completely covers and encloses it, press down on the breast a lit- tle with the bottle, a-nd then instantly surround it with the cold clothes : a vacuum will be instantly produced, the nipple will rise into the bottle, and such a pressure be exerted by the atrrwsphcre upon the breast as will cause the milk to run out : if the whole process is con- ducted with care and rapidity, the operator will have the satisfaction of seeing a stream of milk forced into the bottle as from a fountain, the breast soon emptied, and of course instant relief afforded. Where the breast hardens, rubbing with camphorated spirits is useful ; if it is hot and very painful, apply leeches : when matter forms, open it at once, and then use poultices. Should there be fever, use the means recommended in another part of the work. NIGHT-MARE Is caused by eating too heartily at supper ; avoid the cause, and lie on the side instead of the back : some' times this is complicated with DISTURBED SLEEP, In which the person, almost the moment his eyes are closed, imagines himself falling down precipices or coming on their edges, and in all other kinds of horrid dangers. This is a serious matter, and should be remedied as soon as possible. The bowels should be kept regular, the food should be light, and only that kind eaten that is known to agree well — the mind kept in a cheerful frame, and exercise enough tak^n to keep CRAMF8. SI IS no meang within the bounds of fatigue. Various causes bring on this disease, as fright, disordered stomach, etc. ; after a little time it disorders the nerves, engenders hypochon- dria, and in some cases so great is the effect as to cause death. When a boy, 1 was much troubled with this disor- der ; I would hardly close my eyes before I found my- self on the borders of a precipice, and had to struggle with the utmost desperation to prevent falling over it; despite all the terror, too, I distinctly remember that an indistinct notion that, after all, it was but a dream, was «j;enerally present ; yet this did not save me from intense tear. In reading, one day, I encountered the narrative of a case similar to my own, in which the writer men- tioned having at last cured himself by resolutely jump- ing over every precipice that presented itself, and in the same manner encountering every kind of danger, with- out the least hesitation. I Ibllowed his example, and that very week jumped over two precipices, ana leaped from the sky-scraper of a man-of-war, where some deadly enemies had chased me, and having got me up, were endeavoring to push me off into the water. After this, the disease ceased of itself. ORAMPS, Or contractions of the muscles, which remain fixed and cause much pain. They occur mostly in the legs r they may be relieved and the muscles relaxed by as- siduous rubbing. C. R., a friend, informed me that in boyhood he was much troubled in this way, and would be frequently awakened out of sleep by the pain. At last he found permanent relief by wearing a small linen band on each leg, filled with flour of sulphur. Some three or four times these bands were accidentally left off, and just as surely did the pain and cramps come on. Any stimulating linament may be used, but it is only the rubbing that can be relied on. What is called 8S BtJPTURE IN CHILDREN — CORNS. CRAMP IN THE STOMACH, May be relieved by oil of peppermint dropped on sugar, or hot teas of any kind. The pit of the stomucli should be rubbed with stimulating linanient ; the feet placed in hot water, and mustard draughts applied lo them, together with a repetition of the above means, if relief is tardy. RUPTURE IN CHILDREN. Children are very subject to this, in a small degree, from the separation of the umbilical cord. When the bowels protrude, lay the child on its back and gently, little by little, push them back again ; then put a band- age round the child's body, just tight enough to prevent its slipping off; have a cent wrapped up in it, which should be placed so as to press against the opening : these means will generally suffice to cure. When the bowels of a child come down on its going to stool, it shows some straining has taken place: after returning them, it is well to apply, for a few minutes, some cold water, in which a little alum is dissolved, and afterwards keep them properly open. CORNS • Are so called from their shape, resembling corns of barley. They are composed of hardened skin, and arise indifferently from wearing too tight or too loose shoes. The only permanent remedy afforded is by procuring shoes of a proper size. To cure them, soak the feet in warm water and tlien begin paring them off with rather a dull knife, the ob- ject being to scrape up the edges of the corn. Having once freed its edges, it can then be easily laken out at once. Removed from the foot, it resembles a cone, flat at one end and running on all sides to a sharp poinl. Then drop on the part from which the corn was taken some spirits of camphor cologne water, or any WASSS-^miNS— SCALDS. m Iropped on le stoiDMoh t ; the feet applied to means, if all degree, When the ^nd gently, ut a hand- to prevent 1 it, which opening : 1 its going ace: after ' minutes, dissolved, J corns of skin, and too loose ed is by i and then 5, the ob- Havirij;/ en out at a cone, a sharp corn was r, or any Other stimulating lotion. It will change the action of the parts and prevent another com being formed. WARTS Are cured b}r various applications, among the best of which is the juice that exuaes from any of the species of milk-weeds, when a stem is broken across. This juice will prove most efficacious if applied just before the plant begins to flower. Lunar caustic, slightly dampened, is touched to them ; as also aqua fortis and oil of vitriol. Some recommend rolling up a spider's web on the wart and bnming it, retaing the ashes after combustion, by spreading a little salve on a rag and binding t around the wart Wrap the paits in a mixture of sweet oil and lime water, first removing from the sore any foreign sub- stances that may have entered ; continue the applica tions until the pain has abated. If matter forms, and the parts have been deeply burnt, apply the yeast poul- tices, made by mixing ^ot yeast with a mixture of warm water and Indian meal. The great object is to secure the part from the action of air. Immersing the parts suddenly in cold water will at once relieve the pain : if this is tried, the parts should be kept perma- nently wet with the water until the pain ceases, when it is removed. If blisters form, do not open them, but pierce the live skin a little distance from the burn, so as to enter it ; the water will then run off and the live ?kin close of itself, and thus all smarting be prevented, for this only happens where the air has access to the burnt ptrts. If it still continues to pain afler drawing off the water, apply cold cloths till it ceases. 80ALD8, Of courie, are treated in the same way * both are li (I 84 SUDDEN FAINTINOS. dangerous, not only according to the depth at which they penetrate, but the amount of surface over which they extend. The diet should be light, and the bowels kept freely open. SUDDEN FAINTING. Many persons are liable to this, and such should al- i/ays look well to their general health ; keep the bowels regular, the head cool, and the feet warm, and be sure to take exercise in the open air. Sedentary occupations often bring on dizziness and faintings ; it is nature's method of warning those affected, to leave such busi- ness ; and her warnings should be attended to in all cases, or fatal results will assuredly follow. During the paroxysm, the patient should be laid down at once on the floor, with the head low, cold water sprinkled on the face, ether or brandy poured down the mouth, and the hands and legs well rubbed. As soon as animation returns, they will want water, let them drink freely, and after resting awhile, return home, if they are away from it. In a man, it is well to loose the neckcloth and vest ; in a lady, to unhook her dress and undergarments, so that they will be loose about her. RUSH OF BLOOD TO THE HEAD. Belongs to the same family, and calls for exercise in the open air; to work the body more and the mind less. The remedies are the same as in the sudden faintings, to which this often tends. SPRAINS OF THE WRIST OR ANKLE, Can be best relieved by hot fomentations of worm- wood and vinegar, keeping the parts well wrapped up in it, and using them with caution for some tim:, after- wards. When the pain is relieved by the fomentation, and ceases to be acute, the part may be rubbed with a little linament frequently, to great advantage. BXTNNINa AT THE NOSB—OHAPPBD HANDS. 86 a.t which >ver which the bowels should al- the bowels nd be sure WOUNDS. s ccupatioiis nature's such busi- l to in all d be laid low, cold dy poured ill rubbed. t water, let turn home, 3II to loose : her dress be loose xercise in mind less, faintings, 3f worm- apped up m. after- )entation, id with a Where parts are bruised or wounded, bind them up in their own blood ; balsam of fir is also a good applica- tion, as it excludes the air. If there is much pain,keep- ▼ing cold water bandages over the parts will give relieil DEAFNESS, Often arises from the ear being clogged up, or the mucus thickened on the drum ; wash it out well with warm water, and drop in daily a few drops of the fol- lowing mixture Olive oil, 1 ounce. Laudanum, 60 drops ; mix. A blister behind the ears will sometimes relieye. RUNNING AT THE NOSE. Merely symptomatic of cold; a slight pinch of white hellebore and common snuff will often effect a cure at once; so will a few doses of the mixture of balsam co- pava, mentioned a few pages back. If these nieans do not answer, covering up warmly at night, and drink- ing hot boneset tea, will efiect a cure, by ensuring thorough perspiration. CHAPPED HANDS« Some years since, I was much troubled with chipped hands, and so much effected were they, as to frequently bleed. I tried various methods of relief, without suc- cess. At last I procured some honey, and bathed the hands with it, washing them in the mean time in warm water, with good castile soap, to remove all dirt and relieve the irritation ; in half an hour they were per- fectly healed, and I have never known the plan to fail whtn tried by others. .A ■■-A 1 86 WO&MS Oir 1?6fi FACE — TOOTH FOWDBR. m ■ I!' 1^ ! CHAFFED LIFS, are of the same nature, and curable without trouble, b^r the same means, only that the castile soap should not be used with the warm water while washing them. WORMS ON THE FACE. Caused by want of sufficient cleanliness, or by a foul stomach, or teeth coated with tartar. Wash the face at first in warm water, then when the skin is sufficiently relaxed, squeeze out every black and yellow spot that presents itself; by the time that opera- tion is finished, the face will be red and painful, wash now in cold water, until it is relieved; often, while washing, dash the cold water up against it. After this, be careful to wash the face in cold water after every meal ; never use soap to it in any form. For a week after you have squeezed out the spots, bathe the face every morning in a lotion made by pouring twenty drops of tincture of benzoin into a gill of water ; this will have an extremely beneficial effect on the face, and prevent the appearance of any more spots ; be on the watch, howevej , when they do present themselves, to squeeze them out at once ; this is your only securit3\ If the teeth are affected, cut a piece of pine stick to a dull end, dip this end in emery powder, and rub it on the teeth, and between them, till you have thoroughly removed every particle of tartar. Be sure to use the tooth-brush and cold water every morning afterwards ; a tooth powder is requisite, and it had best be madti ,at home, to ensure a knowledge of its being genuinci imd good for something. TOOTH POWDER. Take of Powdered Chalk, one ounce, *« " Orris-root, half an ounce, *» <« Emery, one-eighth of an ounce» w *• White Sugar* half an ounce. •BS* BOILS — TJ LCERS— ISSUE S. m trouble, by should not : them. r by a foul I when the black and that opera- nful, wash ften, while After this, fter every 'or a week e the face ig twenty ater ; this ; face, and be on the iselves, to ecurit3\ ' stick to a rub it on horoughly o use the :er wards ; be mad»i genuinci ouncei lice. Mix them thoroughly together; the compound makes an extremely elegant and useful preparation. If the bowels are out of order, I need only refer, of course, to previous directions for setting them right. B0IL9 Of all kinds should be warmly poulticed, and opened tit once, when they begin to point ; soaking the part in warm ley will ease the pain. If proud-flesh appears in the course, sprinkle on it powdered blue vitriol, or touch it with lunar caustic. Be sure t(i keep the parts perfectly clean, washing out often with warm water. ULCERS. Sometimes ulcers break out on the ankle, and con- tinue spreading; and after a little time, the other ankle becomes .ilso affected. The best remedy that can be applied, is to bind strips of adhesive plaster over the sore, so as to bring the parts on each side nearer" to- gether, and give the sore, as it were, no care ahout sup- porting itself; many a patient is cured in this way alone, to whom all other remedies would be worse than jiseless. Issues are useful at times, in the calf of the leg ; the easiest way of making ISSUES, Is to put a blister plaster, the size of a shilling piece, over the part where you want the issue; when blislt^r- i;io is produced, put a wooden pea on the bare flesh, Willi llie outer coat of skin removed, and keep it llif-rc by fastening strips of adhesive plaster around it; ilie iiiitatioi) produced will keep up a constant dischargv^, and effect the purpose required. W hen the ulcer hea's remove the pea, and the sore will get well of itself, 8 nxoEBBvrm cold. SWELLED VEINS Should in all cases have a proper bandage applied lo them; the patient has no other security from a con stant liability to sudden death, by their rupture. STIFF JOINTS Should be well rubbed or kneaded with the hand Any kind of linament may be used, but the principa reliance must hp on the rubbing. %i EXCESSIVE COLD Will at last kill the parts so as to cause them to mo-.- tify. When a person nas reason to suspect that a pai t has been frost-bitten, let him rub it with snow or cold water, until the natural warmth returns ; on no account, go near the fire at first, for such a course of proceeding is productive of much injury. when excessive cold acts upon the system, an almost irresistible inclination is felt to sleep ; but, if this is given way to, certain death will result. If heat is di- rectly applied, during the prevalence of this drowsy feeling, it will kill whatever part it touches. A story is told by Mr. Knapp, in his "Journal of a Naturalist," of a travelling man, one winter's evening, who laid down upon the platform of a limekiln, placing his feet, which were benumbed with cold, upon the heap of stones, newly put on to burn during the night. Sleep overcame him in this situation; the fire gradually rising, and in- creasing until it ignited the stones upon which his feet were placed. Lulled by the warmth, the man sle{)t on; the fire increased until it burned one foot (which probably was extended over a vent-hole) and part of the leg above the ankle, entirely off; consuming that part so effectually, that a cinder-like fragment was alone remaining; and still the wretch slept on, and in this state was found by the kiln-man in the morning. In- CHILBLAINS— OANO: S. applied 1 a con e hand rincipa to mo^ - t a pait or cold iccount, )ceeding 1 almost this is at is di- drowsy •y is told t," of a :l down t, which " stones, ^ercame and in- his feet m sle[)t ; (which part ot ing that as alone in this ig. In- sensible to any pain, and ignorant of his misfortune, be attempted to rise and pursue his journey, but, missing his shoe, requested to have it found ; and when he was raised, putting his burnt limb to the ground to support his body, tne extremity of his leg bone crumbled into frag- ments, having been calcined into lime. Still, he ex- pressed no sense of pain, and probably experienced none; he survived his misfortunes about a fortnight, but the fire having extended to other parts of his body, recovery was hopeless. OHILBLAINSi In which the parts assume a leaden, or deep purple color, the pain not constant, but pungent and shooting, with a constant itching. If any mortification ensues, apply yeast poultices constantly, until a better appear- ance is assumed. The poultices are also useful to ease the itching pains. Various remedies have been adopted ; but where the disease has continued a long time, the main reliance should be on rubbing with the hand, aided, perhaps, by a little linament, and keeping the parts warm, and ai secure as possible from atmospheric changes. OANOEB Comes on at first as an indolent tumor, of a stony hardness, and not discoloring the skin above it. In this form it is called scirrhous. Frequently when it comes on in the breast, there is in this stage a contraction and diminution of bulk, a drawing bacK of the nipple and a puckered state of the skin. After a time, an itching is perceived in it, followed by peculiar, sharp, burning pains : the skin changes to a red or livid appearance ; ihe size of the tumor rapidly increases ; it has a knotty, «inequal surface ; if on the breast the nipple sinks in ; the veins around it become swelled, ramify around and resemble crab*s claws, whence the name of the dis- ease- cancer meaning crab. When it is ready to break* It ' 4. 90 RBOOVBRY PROtt DftOWNlNO. it becomes prominent in some minute poitit, a corroding fluid oozes through the skin, which soon forms an ulcer ; tr there is a considerable- discharge of watery matter, mixed with blood, which has flowed from those vessels, whose tubes have been eaten by the disease. The pains all this time increase, and excrescences often rise from the ulcers. The parts should be kept perfectly clean ; the bow- els oj)en ; and Lugol's solution of iodine taken, a few drops at a time, every day immediately after eating. If poultices are applied to the breast, some of this solu- tion should be put on them. The best medical advice should, of course, be instantly procured, v henever the stony hardness is felt. The principal objec ai mention- ing the disease at all was to prevent ac tampering with it. RECOVERY FROM DROWNING. There have been many extraordinary recoveries where the body has laid for hours under water ; but in general there is not much hope after an immersion of ten minutes. After tlie body is taken out of the water, use it as gently as possible ; let no violence of any kind, such as roiling on a barrel, be permitted : of course, incline the head at first, that the water may run off; place the body in a warm bed and cover with a warm blanket ; hot bricks, or bottles of water should be placed to the feet and hands ; and while one or two persons are rub- bing assiduously the body with the palms of the hands, let another try to fill the lungs with air : to do this, close the nostrils of the subject, and fitting your mouth lo Ills, blow steadily and forcibly until the chest is full of air ; then press the bowels upwards, that it may be ejected : this should be repeated a number of times until some signs of life are shown. An injection, in which there is spirits of turpentine, may be thrown up. Gentle stimulants may be given on recoverjr. OBNBRAL CAUSES OF DISBA8B. 91 corroding an ulcer ; jr matter, le vessels, se. The often rise the bow- 3n, a few (r eating, this solu- Eil advice lever the roention- ampering ecoverieg r ; but in ersion of use it as nd, such i, incline )lace the blanket ; d to the are rub- hands, do this, r mouth St is full may be f timos ^tion, in 3wn upw BLBSDINa FROM WOUNDS. When an artery has been accidentally wounded, the fact may be known by the florid red color of the blood, and its coming out in small jets : if it is on any part of the trunk, apply pressure, with cloths dipped in cold alum water; if on any part of the arms or legs, bind a handkerchief tightly around the thigh, or arm near the shoulder, as high up as possible in both instances, still continuing the other means. If large arteria can be felt beating between the wound and the heart, press a key or knife-handle, or any thing similar, lightly on it against the bone, and the bleeding can thus be commanded until assistance arrives. It need not be said that the services of a surgeon should be procured as soon as possible. clergyman's SORE THROAT, Generally prevails from trouble in the stomach. It is often to the affected person one of the signals nature throws out to warn him that apoplexy is advancing. It was formerly cured by travelhng and leaving off preaching for a considerable period ; but there is no necessity whatever for this : active purgation and a light diet, with plenty of bodily exercise, will always efiect a cure. GENERAL CAUSES OF DISEASE, AND MODE OF AVOIDING AND CURING THEM. Perhaps the best idea could be obtained of these, by referring back to the first part of this book, and exam- ining the rules for preserving health ; taking their op|)(> sites would in many instances give the causes of dis- ease. Diseases, such as mumps, scarlet-fever, small-pox, and measles, can only be caught by direct communica- tion with those affected by them. As it is the property of yeast, that even when a very Uttle quantity is added 92 OBNBRAL CAUSES OF DISEASE, ETC. , ! n *v.i to many hundred or thousand gallons of malt, it will, under favorable circumstances, cause the whole to fer- ment, and produce a substance like itself; of the sumo nature are the contagious fevers, as they are called ; :j very little poison may be communicated by one indi- vidual to another, which will in the individual that re- ceives, make enough to contaminate the world. Again — there are others, as jail-fever, and some forms of dysentery, which cannot be communicated directly from one to another, the discharges from which, when they have left the body, decompose and poison the air, so that a person exposed to their influence will imbibe the same form of disease ; such are called infec- tious. It is an error, that yellow-fever or ship-fever can be brought to our shores in vessels arriving here : such diseases cannot be conveyed from port to port; but the arrangement on board of ships may be such as to immediately breed disease by poison being formed when the air has access to the interior parts on the hatches being removed. In marshy countries, where there is much heat and moisture, a peculiar poison is generated called malaria; it is the action of this poison upon the system that gives rise to the various forms of fever and ague. Inflammations of various organs are produced either by the direct operation of wounds, bruises, burns, or contact with any substance irritating in itself, as Span- ish flies, lunar caustic, and oil of vitriol. At other times they are brought on by excess in mental emotion, too much labor, or undue exposure to the sun: these causes, with the taking of cold, are about the principal ones in inducing inflammatory disease. The avoidance of fruit, in summer, is another cause of disorder in the bowels : the diet should be light and vegetable in summer, and nutritious and animal in win- ter. Nature points out this plan in her arrangements. In tropical climates, the fruits are light and watery, and there are less eatable animals. The reverse of this prevails in cold regions ; the fruits are solid and oily and the eatable aiiimals are immensely numerous OBNERAL 0AU8B8 OP DISEASE ETC. 98 It, it will, ole to for- the saiiio called ; :j one indi- il that 1 e- l. md sorru; lunicated m which, id poison ence will 3d INFEC- ship-lever ing here : t to port; e such as ig formed Its on the heat and malaria ; hat gives !ed either jurns, or as Span- her times Dtion, too these principal ler cause ight and 1 in win- ajements. ;ery, and J of this md oily imerous Everywhere the contrivances of nature for our comfort strike us with surprise and astonishment. There is nothing more unaccountable, says a writer, than the fact of certain plants, teeming with moisture, and growing to a large size, in places where no other vege- tables can withstand the burning temperature. In th^ < Inserts of the East, in Arabia, and those extensive [)iain3 where nothing, save sand, is seen on the ground, where the heat, reflected from the earth, dissipates the passing cloud, which hastens, as it were, to shed its re- freshing moisture on a more grateful spot ; where no water ever rises from a spring, or falls from on higlj, and where the burning soil is intolerable to the foot, even of the camel, the watermelon attains a size of a foot or more in diameter, and while all around is parched, oflTers, in its cold and copious juice, a draught to the traveller, which has often saved him from a lingering and painful death. In a similar, though less efficient manner, the melon cactus refreshes the wild herds of the Pampas, and the formidable prickles are not a sure guard against the powerful kick of a wild horse, who has no other mode of getting at its interior, but who is often lamed in this extraordinary contest. There are climates, says Flint, for example, that of Jamaica, where the grass dies, the soil cracks in chasms, and hardens under the fierceness of the unclouded sun. Nature seems to come to the aid of the seared and parched earth, and employs a means to shelter it which evinces another provision of Providence. It covers the parched soil, which refuses to produce a spear of grass, with a kind of tree, the bread nut, whose leaves have the property to multiply under the fires of the sky, as others have to grow in the dew. The more burning the sky, and the more arid the earth, the more vigorously its leaves unfold. The flocks find in its foliage a health- ful and abundant pasturage. It becomes a sort of fresh meadow in the air, at the period when all other meadows are withered and sear. Still further, these meadows« more prolific than those fostered by the dews and show* IMAGE EVALUATION TEST TARGET (MT-3) 1.0 !^Ui m 1.1 lis £ 1^ 12.0 6" HiotQgraphic Sciences Corporalion 23 WKT MAIN STRIIT WnSTU,N.Y. 14SM (716)172-4303 '^^1^ ^^^ ^ ^^^ 4^^^ v^^ ^^° ^ OBNERAL CAUSaS OF D18BA8B, BTO. ers, conceal delicious fruit, which ripens as food for man, to refresh and nourish him. An attentive observation of nature wiU often show us how to avoid disease, and, having once contracted it, ki the best manner of effecting a cure. Savages do this much more than the civilized, and profit largely in con- sequence. What those circumstances may have been, says a writer, that by their peculiar agency served to lay the first foundation of practical medicine, it is difficult at this time to discover. Probably some experiments were blindly undertaken, under the anguish and pressure of disease, and the knowledge thence derived remembered, and communicated to otfiers for use in similar cases ; other discoveries may have been made by accident* and others, and still a more numerous class, from ob- servations made by men on the instincts of brute ani- mals. A common instance of this is seen in the doff, who, when sick, eats a quantity of prickly grass, which answers the purpose of an emetic. The goats afford another example ; for it is said that an Arabian shep- herd having observed the goats of his flock, as often as they browsed upon the cotoc fruit, to skip about and display other sisns of intoxication, was induced to try the berry upon himself, and so discovered its exhilara- ting quality. The apes of Abyssinia, in like manner^ are reported to have, by trials on themselves, first ex- hibitea to men the laxative qualities of cassia fistula* There are very few men who, if they would taRe the- trouble, could not make many valuable discoveries by. watching the circumstances around them with attention.. People living in marshy districts, should rigidly ob- «i('rve the rules for health laid down in a former portioni of this book. Their dwellings should be built on s rather elevated situation, and, to use the words of Drs. Blane and Lempriere, ** on no account should ground floors be used to sleep upon ; the more lofly the build- ings the better, for the tenants of the upper stories not only enjoy the best health, but when taken ill| have the u I food for m show us traded it, ffes do this jiy in con- ;n, says a to lay the difficult at lents were pressure of lemberedf lar cases : accident. I, from ob- brute ani- Q the doBf ass, which lats afford nan shep> IS oflen as ibout and Bed to try I exhilara- ! manner,. 3, first ex- ia fistula* t&Ke the veries by, attention* igidly ob~ er portioitt milt OR 8 s of Drs. ground le build- ories not haye the eSNBHAL 0AUSB8 OF DISEASE, ETC. 96 disease in the mildest ibrm. The most dangerous times for bein^ out in the open air, in such places, arc when the sun is just setting, and immediately before he rises ; the least danserous, is when the sun is directly over head. The dwellings should, in all cases, be so built that the sunlisht will come freely into every room ; they should also be well aired, and on the least ap- pnnch of dampness, fires kindled to dry and warm the rooms. The sick room shquld be Pept, in inflammatory dis- eases, at a cool temperature, with a draft of air con- stantly passing through it; the patient's bed must, of course, be out of the reach of the current. No car- pets should be laid down, and it is well to sprinkle the floor frequently with vinegar and water. If bleeding is performed, be careful to feel around and upon the vein you intend cutting, after the arm is bound up, before making the incision, if a throbbing is felt, choose another vein, for the chances are, that by persisting in cutting, an artery may be opened, and the patient's life lost. COOKERY FOR THE SICK. A 9ttteXr made Broth. — ^Take a bone or two of a neck or loin of mutton, take off the fat and skin, set it on the fire in a small tin saucepan that has a cover, with three quarters of a pint of water, the meat being first beaten and, cut in thin bits; put a bit of thyme and parsley, and if approved, a slice of onion. Let it boil very quick, skim it nicely ; take off the cover, if likely to be too weak, else cover it. Half an hour is sufficient for the whole process. A very nourishing Veal Broth — Put the knuckle of a leg or shoul* der of veal, with very little meat to it, an old fowl, and four shank- bones of mutton extremely well soaked and bruised, three blades of mace, ten peppercorns, an onion, a large bit of bread, and three quarts of water, into a stew-pot that covers close, and simmer in the slowest manner after it has boiled up and been skimmed ; or bake it; strain and take off the fat ; salt as wanted. It will require four houra. Broth o/Beeff Mutton and Veal. — Put two pounds of lean beef, one pound of scrag of veal, one pound of scrag of mutton, three ounces of pearl-barley, sweet herbs and ten peppercorns, into a nice tin saucepan, with seven quarts of water ; to simmer to three or four quarts, and clear from the fat when cold. Add one onion if approved, or the white part of leeks. Soup and broth, made of different meats, are more supporting, as well as better flavored. To remove the fat, take it off when cold as clean as possible ; and if there be ntill any remaining, lay a bit of clean blotting or cap paper on the broth when in the basin, and it will take up every particle. Calves* Feet Broth. — Boil two feet in three quarts of water to half; strain and set it by; when to be used, take off the fat, put a large teacupful of the jelly into a saucepan with half a glass of sweet xvine, a little sugar and nutmeg, and heat it till it be ready to boil, then take a little of it and beat by degrees to the yolk of an egg, ami adding a bit of butter the size of a nutmeg, stir it altogether, but don*t let it boil ; grate a bit of fresh lemon-peel into it. Chtcken Broth.— Vut the body and legs of the fowl, after taking off the skin and rump, into the water it was boiled in, with one blade of mace, one slice of onion, and ten white peppercorns. Simmer till the broth be of a pleasant flavor : if not water enough, add a lit- tle. Beat a quarter of an ounce of sweet almonds with a teaspoon- ful of water finet, boil it in the broth; strain ; and when cool, re- moTe the hx. COOKBBT FOR THB 8X0K. 97 K. leck or loin of in a small tin pint of water, a bit of thyme Let it boil very ) be too weak, ) process. a leg or shoul- id four shank' three blades of ead, and three 1 simmer in the amed ; or bake rill require four la of lean beef* f mutton, three irns, into a nice to three or four on if approved, iififerent meats, remove the fat, lere be >*till any the broth when ms of water to ff the fat, put a a glass of sweet e ready to boil, of an egg, and altogether, but it. (vl, after taking , with one blade orns. Simmer lough, add a lit- rith a teaspoon- whencool, re- Be^ TVa.— Cut a pound of fleshy beef in thin slices ; simmer with a quart ()f water twenty minutes, after it has once boiled and been skimmed ; season, if approved, with a small portion of salt. Arrow-Root Jtlly—li genuine, is very nourishing, especially foi weak bowels. Put into a saucepan half a pint of water, a glass of sherry, or a spoonful of brandy, grated nutmeg and fine sugar ; boil onee up, then mix it by degrees into a dessertspoonful of arrow-root, piwinusly rubbed smooth with two spoonsful of cold water ; then return the whole into the saucepan ; stir and boil it three minutes. Taipioctt Jelly. — Choose the largest sort, pour cold water on to wash it two or three times, then soak it in fresh water five or six hours, and simmer it in the same until it become quite clear ; then put lemon-juice, wine and sugar. The peel should have been boiled mit. It thickens very much An Excellent Jelly. — Take rice, sago, pearl-barley, hartshorn shavings, each an ounce ; simmer with three pints of wafer to one, and strain it. When cold it will be a jellv, of which give, dissolved in wine, milk, or broth, in change with other nourishment. Panada made in Five Minutes. — Set a little water on the fire with a glass of white wine, some sugar, and a scrape of nutmeg and lemon-peel ; meanwhile grate some crumbs of bread. The moment the mixture boils up, keeping it still on the fire, put the crumbs in and ket it boil as .ast as it can. When at a proper thickness just lo drink, take it off. Another. — Make as above, but instead of a glass of wine, put in a teaspoonful of rum, and a bit of butter ; sugar as above. This is a very pleasant food. Chicken Panada. — Boil it till about three parts ready in a quart of water, take off the skin, cut the white meat off when cold, and put into a marble mortar : pound it to a paste with a little of the water it was boiled in, season with a little salt, a grate of nutmeg, and the least bit of lemon-peel. Boil gently for a few minutes to the consistency you like ; it should be such as vou can drink, though tolerably thick. This conveys great nourishment in small com- pass. CauMe. — ^Make a fine smooth gruel ; strain it when boiled well ; stir it at times till cold. When to be used, add sugar, wine, and lemon-peel, with nutmeg. Some persons like a spoonful of brandy besides the wine, others like lemon juice. Cold CaudU.'— Boil a quart of spring water ; when cold, add the yolk of an e^g, the juice of a small lemon, six spoonsful of sweet wine, sugar to your taste, and syrup of lemons one ounce. Rice Caudle. — ^When the water boils, pour into it some grated rice, mixed with a little cold water; when of a proper consistence, add sugar, lemon-peel, and cinnamon, and a glass of brandy, to a quart. Boil all smooth. 98 OOOKBBY FOR TOM 8I0K. ?-. h iitother.'Soak some rice id water an hour; strain it, and pat two gpoottsAll of the rice ifnto a pint and a quart of milk; simmer till it wiH pttib thniugh a sieve, then put the pulp and milk into a sAUceptui with a hi;uuw4 clove anda bit of white sugar ; simmer ten miniiies ; if to thick* add a spoonAil ortwo of milk, and serve with thln;W*t- i/i^jlk'lifitk. — Boil a desert-spoonAil of ground coffee, in nearly a pint of ntitk, n <)uarter of an hour; then put into it a shaving or two o( isiugtasa, and clear it ; let it boil a few minutes, and set h by the side of the lire to clarify. This is a very fine breakfast ; it should be sweetened with sugarof a good quality. Milk' Por ridge.— liBlko a fine aruel of cracked corn, grits or oat- meal, ioug boiled ; strain o^; either add cold or warm milk, as may be approve