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A JOURNEY FBOU LONDON TO THE BACKWOODS OF CANADA CONTAINING LIST OF PUOKS, COST OF PROVISIONS, IMP^BUTION AS TO DistaaceSy Wa^ts* and Labour, Timbex «nd Land, AND TRAVELLIJ*^ IXPBNSES FROM LONDON TO HALIBURTON, Township Dysart. County Petebbo^pucib, Cij^ada West. Piiblisliecl by H. Born, Bookseller, 115, London Wall. IC. LoVDON 1868. Price Fourpence, FACTS FOR EMIGRANTS. . 1 b WM on tbe 16th of Mar, in this year, 1868, that I iribd from London for Nm York, on piy way to Onuula. I ha4 long been ^esiroua of emigrating to Chmada — an opportunity of i favourable character pre- lented ilaelf— I aooepted t^ chanoe^ and am at tfaia Boment writing at my nemhome in the depths of the wildenieaa. Many of my irienda had begged that I wonid aend them accnrate md full information of the eonntry, of the Voyage, of t'e expenses, of the joumeg^ of the nricea of commodities of the rate of wages, aiui io forin. I promised I wold do so, and am now per^ fiwming my promise. ^~^ — I sailed in the *' Americanpongress,*' a fine ship of the Ghrii^nell Line, running regikrly between London and Nenj York. The passage jioney was £4. Provisiona, not jcooked, were senred outln board, and were included in the passage money. I Aye no fault to find with the ship, the provisions, or the IBcers. ludeed, I havevmanv reasons to be grateful to the officers who, one. and all, were very kind and obliginj^ But without wishing to say anything damaging to the Grinnell Line, I woul^ suggest to passengers that tDey would iind an advantage in taking ou board with t'em extra supplies of provi- sions, enpecially if they lave good appetites. The voyage lasted fifty-seven tays. Jt was unusually calm weather ; the sea was as snooth as a milUpoud for days w •li C^C< :^/^/^ ii.C CT', ';,.(^., • -r^y^i ufmny i-e**^ \/^, r i^€ w «.*' ./If ^9. »» k.» V it*.' ■ ■•.V-. ' i W- ...... _i:— - ■■'^-'*r^'; .-> ?^\-^f^ri^ \X »•'-■. „,-*.,.t-< . lit-.' ..«« i 3 together, nnd though the Toynge was tedious it was by no means linpleusnn*;. AVe had about forty passeugers, •ome of whom were flgr< eable enough, and some few were not. A young Scotchman was my fellow passenger, and we had a cabin to ourselves. In fact, we were ex- tremely comfortable. I have nothing to relate of the Toyage; we saw the usual shoals of porpoises, picked up the sea-weed as is customary when in the gulf- ttream, and presented it in a pickle bottle, grew profi- cient in the art of splitting and toasting biscuits, and angled tor the inevitable shark with a piece of pork and a meat-hook. I had packed in my cabin a moderate supply of eatables, and until those ran out we did very weU. After that, my fellow passenger and myself dubbed together and bought extra supplies from the cook. The ship was thoroughly well mana^d, and Captain Jordan and Mr. Jrazer, his chief officer, are entitled to my thanks for their consideration and attention. If you ask me whether it is best to go in a sailing Tessel rather than to pay the extra fare and travel by a steamer, I reply, by all means go by steamer. "^ In the one case you can calculate with confidence upon arriving at your destination within a day or two of the date expected. In a sailing vessel you may make the mn in three weeks, or it maj" be three months. Nor is it much cheaper. To the emigrant who desires to reach Upper Canada it will not cost him more than £1 extra to travel by steamer from Liverpool, rather than by sailiog vessel frdm London. In the one case the passage money is £4*, in the other £6 Cs. ; but extra proviflions will cost £1 if you go by sailing vessel, and the railway from New Tork will be found very heavy. From New Tork to Port H pe cost me 10 dols., and the same amount for my luggage, which consii»t« d of two tolerably; largo boxes. I consider that I did not save mure than a sovereign hy coming by sailing vessel, and to sjive that sovereign I had to sacrifice the difference between twelve days and tiity-livo dav-*. "g > ««'»..i iwu c w a J Tberefope, I pecommond nil cini<;rant8 to como hero by steamer, though I am bound to say that I was very com- fortable on board the *' American Congress/* that I Ihorouffhiy enjoyed the voyago, and that I should ftel quite certaio, on any future occasion, that if I eould sail in a ship of which Mr. Frazer was chief Siffioer, I should enjoy myself and feel at ease. We entered New York ,6ix the 10th July, and were koarded by the Customs* officers before we reached the 2 nay. The luggago was pretty closely inspected, but eyond some remarks toucoing a fow]ing<-piece I had in my box, I had no trouble concerning it. After inspec* Hon the luggage was takeh altogether out of my charge ; H was labelied, and a metal check given me corres- ponding with one placed on the luggage. I stated where I was going, namely, to Port Hope, and the officers assured me that unless I wished to open it, or to bave access to it, I need not give myself any further trouble concerning my boxei until I reached Port Hope. I found this to m really the case, and 1 cannot help rtcordins my opinion that the management of these IMttera Is most admirable. Luggage is very^i^ly lost •r stolen, and all anxiety concerning it is taken off tito iinigrant, who merely has to go through certain neces- sary forms, and then the proper officiius relieye him of all responsibility. By the time the luggage had been OTerhauled we arrived at the Emigrant Depot, called Castle GardenSy where ample provision is maie for the reception of the emigrants. The building was originally a circus, and kss been but slightly altered to adapt it to its present vorpose. Here the Emigrant is at liberty to opeu oat nis bedding and take up his quarters for a reasonable period. He can obtain provisions inside the building of properly appointed persdns, or can go and buy them mitsidey and bring them in. A division is made of the •migrants— the Germans, the English, the unmarried men, the unmarried women, and the married couples with families— each are directed to their proper quarters, ! ( 1-, \ *t'i t4^ M v-h: rt.'K'J •'T4 «r i. :km ^€ [are required to keep within them. In fact there is 'Ificulty experienced, and beyond having a rather lui lessbn in the meaning of the phrase ** roueh- j*' he has nothing to complain of. For myseu I liot to go through this process. By the kindnets •eeond teate of the " American Congress '' I was ^ to the boarding-house he usually frequented, and ^ ODiei^ in Dleasant quarters. Mad 1 desired it I ^\m99 prooeeaed on m^jovanej without any delay, BWUMtanefis rendered it desirable that I should daj or two in New York, a gdde to those who may have to follow in mj I BMqr here state that the boardiuff-house ib i I stayed was a yery good one, and that I paid Soi^iah te the three day's board and lodging. is no mupt of my intention to write my opinions '"IS oi the plaoes^ I saw, in my joume j. I wish Idk NSw fork on Monday afternoon, about four and pjMfioiis to jeaying I went to Castle )f esUeci al the pro»er office produced my me- cheq^ and defied toat my luggage might bo for* to?oM Hope that daj. I stated tvt the how I intsiiied to trayel, and the officers in at- gssame all the necessary information, as to imite to to pseforrsd ; ultimately I went to an offiee ided try tiiese officials, snd took my ticket jh to Fmrt Hope. For this ticket I paid 10 dels. €h!«enbacks. This was for my own fare, but mj _ ige behig heayy, (weighing about 250 lbs.) I had "pay another 10, as luggage freight. Haying made these arrangements, I got on board the Steamboat at le Gardens and in ten minutes was at the Albany Iway Station. 1 had only a small carpet bag witn SiS^ all my luggage being under check, and therefore had Wlhing to trouble me. American railways are not like HlDse of England. The speed is not more than half that it even the vlowest English lines, and the system is al- lijgether opposed to an Englishman's notions. I do not ii f 6 tho American Eailway system, nor the American of universal equality, and trayelling is therefore not ^ enjoyable. However we reached idbany about half it six on Tuesday morning, and I am bound to aaj I slept not uncomfortably in the railway can. At my there was a detention until eleven oxlocky wImii Sk my seat in the train for St rai0iiae» which place waa ;heii at half^past fi?e on Weanesdaiy momiog. From acuse there was no train for Bomater nntil halt it ei^ht, and finally I reached Bocheater, a port on [e Ontario, at eleyen o'clock on Wednesday nior« ];, Whilst strolling about the atation, I happened tpnass a heap of luggage under the charge of an oflBoer a§a among it to my great .latisfiietiony saw my own iixes. lAbout eleven o'clock at night the Steainboat atarted j^lmi Eochester for the opposite ahore ii M iilW»»i ¥■ ' •:>. ■Hi, w ■^K9 less in sawed timber. He has powerful saw milu^ his operations extend a distance of fifby miles into as yet only partially settled country to the north. annuallv exports some millions of feet of pine Is to the States. I should here notie that the fiue Chemony Lake to Bol^cageon la two shillings ster- it Bobcageon, Simpson's Hotel is an excellent house 'bop at, and Mr. Simpson is always ready to give inp lation and assistance to those who are going to the ick Couutry." jiL 8tan;o t'rjm Bobcaj^eon runs three times a week !§ Minden, a village thirt/ miles on the Bobcageon 1. . Tuesdays, Wednesdays, and Saturdays up the id, and the alternate days down to Bobcageon; 1 do). 50 centa or Gs. sterling. At Minden there are three hotels, and on my ar- flpal I stayed at Buck's Hotel, a house that I can »ak of in the best terms. Yom ^linden a \vaj];i5oa took me and my luggage Bonie fellow travellers to the port of Lake Kasha- riganiog, a disitauee of three miles and a hdf, and _fe a small steamer was in waiting and conveyed me t0 niv destination at llaliburtou, a distance of about U'tcen miles. sS#-"- I 1 8 i have been particular in giving distances and ex- penses, intbe bope tbat it may serve as a guide to mture emigrants travelling in tbis direction ; and I maj Mj that from tbe moment I landed at Fort Hope, I bad no difficnlty wbatever in making mj way to Hali- burton. Mr. H. C. Stewart of 41, Great Percy Street, Fentonville, bad supplied me so fidly witb information ai to tbe line of road, tbat I travelled it as easily aa thougb it were a once a week journey. Indeed if ct any moment a difficulty arose, I bad only to mention bia name, or tbat of bis brotber Hr. C. B. Stewart of Haliburton, and I at once found myself in possession of Ml unfailing passport. Having tbus particularised my journey, I will now proceed to give as many facts as possible. I bave no literal^ skill, and must therefore be excused if I jot them down m a promiscuous manner. Tbe first information an intending emigrant wisbes to obtain is relative to tbe prices of commodities,! tberefore £*ve tbe nuurket prices of provisions in tbe town of indsby during tbe first week in August. LINDSAY MAEKBTS. JOHN CmSHOLM . . . Commercial Beporter. Lindsay 31st July, 1868. No transactions of importance to note — ^the market continues bare, witb prices firm for all grades — Old wheat can be disposed of at quotations. We bear en- quiries for oats, potatoes, eggs, and butter. We quote Dolf. DOI0. Fall Wheat, per bushel of GOlbs 1 20 .. 1 30 Spring Wheat per buibel of eOlbf 1 20 . . 120 Oats, per bushel old . . 56 . . 60 Peas, per buahel of eoibs . 60 . . 70 Floar Fall per bushel of 2C0U 8 . 6 76 .. 7 00 Flour, Spring barrel of 200lbs . 6 00 . . 6 60 Ltrd per lb. . . . 00 00 . . 00 00 Hides per ICOlba . . 4 00 . . 10 CO Clover yfed, per bush. . . 4 00 . . 1 CO 9 Timotbjdo do . Timotbv Mix«d . Ottmcai per lOOlbi CbrnmMil do BolatOi't per botb. old cupi do do new Barkjper botb. of 60iba Flmb Butter, per lb. Bntfter, old Xffff , per doien . Pork per lOOlbt w iborte, per ton . Bnn per lOOlbt . TftUow per lb imuiow per lo Bje per bi/ib. Beef per lOOlbe . MttUon per lOOlbe Ltfd Doll* Bolt. • • 1 60 800 • 7 25 800 • a 8 76 600 • # 2 60 800 iipi 70 76 r 1 00 1 50 m 60 66 18 16 10 18 *i 10 18 w 800 12 00 20 00 84,00 060 000 , • , 008 10 76 080 6 00 600 500 700 008 10 176 2 60 006 000 * # • 06 008 76 090 10 000 *• 40 70 40 70 20 25 8 00 9 00 040 45 17 20 16 18 006 08 1 25 1 50 JLerd Cot dwood per cord Teel per lb. per qkr. Ham per lb. SheepMint Oilf Skint per lb. Geetr, eaob Tnrkeje, eteh Cbiekenc per ptir Htj per ton Daoke per pair . Wool per lb Cbcete per lb Beeon good per lb Beeni Of this List I have to observe that these prices do not represent the prices in Hdiburton. This is a new settlement, and as there are new settlers constantlj arriving the consumption is greater than the produce. Consequently considerable quantities of provisioos have to be brought from the older settlements, and, therefore, the freiglit must be added to the above market prices. Lindsay, and Peterborough trc both some seventy miles from this settlement, and the prLues here are much higher. I may quote as present prices : — 1^' 'i ">■ v»n 10 flov POtlE dolfc 4 SOpttlOQlbt IS. 00 do 00 80p«rlb tkefksmmt is an «iiiiHi|dlj kte Miaon* and tliM# littttiMMr wbei^ and no nan potatoaa. In ordioaiy ilie ttlb«io|| ia about Uto langa of pvbsa dob. SteMfSia^ ao a fa>r Ik 01 '*• 01 da .,.\;;,Tj Bms^ flpfk la ITofiaNr Mttt al aboal dAk Mr lOOIIi. 1 :^ t?'"] WACOGL It is not eaqr to gita aetar idaaof tha acala of wagea in lliis llack Cxnm^. It'iaiointotfad with tha aa\gaet af board and lodging that 1^
f the operationa of the Canadian Land Company, who own nearly half 4 million of acres in this diatnot. In the Company's townships the land is selling from one dol. per acre to one dol. and fifty cents according to terms ana loodity. The town- ships immediately adjoining the Company's block areeiUi^ totally unoccupied, or are otherwise only partially settled. In many of these townships ;the Government system of I^e Grants is adopted, auJ-fli emigrant can choose hia lot, take possession of it, cultivate it, apd after five years' residence has the title deeds Iianded over to him. It is a serious question with the emigrant whether ha should take a Free Grant, or purchase of the Canadian Land Company. The quality of the land may be assumed to be about equal ; for a man who takes time can pick an ex- cellent lot in either case. If the emigrant has sufficient funds, it is in my opinion bet^r for him to purchase from the Company, who it must bp observed, give either five or ten years to pay the monejy. The emigrant who pur- * ■ 12 chases from the Company has at once the advantage of living on a good road, — he is near to saw mills and grist mills, — he is ei>ahled to procure his supplies without dif- ficulty, and to 8cll his produce, when he has any to spare. Moreover, he is close to schools, where his cluldren are taught free of expense, and the local taxation is chiefly borne hy the Company. Lastly, but most important, he is among well-to-do people, and when he runs out of funds, be can hire out to some of his neighbours and earn money to keep him until his farm btgins to be productive. The man who takes a Free Grant must, if he choosea a good lot, be in the heart of the woodb, — he is isolated from other settlement8,-»he has no road, no market, no school, DO fligricultural society, no post office, no mill, no church. He is living atnong settlers as poor as himself, and he cannot consequently hire out for wages, an^ whatever is done has to be done solely by the settlers themselves, without any extra assistance. Settling on a Free Grant in the townships juot openeS by the Government, means sevenl years exceedingly beary labour and mnch priva- tion and hardship. Theall are not to be avoided by ■ettling on the Company's lands, but they are greatly leduoed, and the lite of the woods is altogether made mnch more endurable. Still, the question is a serious one for the emigrant and must be determined according to the nature of his means. For my own part I prefer ^ paying the one hundred dollars for the one hundred acres and sharing in the advantageb offered by the Company. Nature op the couktuy akd quality op the soil. — ^The first impression that an emigrant forms of the back country is not favourable^ He has been accustomed to the pastures and beautifully tilled corn fields of England, and when he sees the clearing of a settler, — the blackened stumps, the scattered logs, the roujsh and ugly faces, — he is disposed to take an unfavourable view of the whole affair. The land, too, is seldom :evel, and the surface is frequently encumbered with stoucs. Stone, indeed, is the great drawback of the whole of Canada, and espe- cially of thoao districts that are yet unsettled. In 13 looking for land in this neighbourhood, the only pomt to consider is whether it is free from stone— for the soil itself is universally good. The soil is high and loamy and sometimes sandy, but the subsoil is almost invaria- bly a compact clay. Its fertility is abundantly manifest' ed in the nne crops of wheat, Indian com, oats, barley, peas, potatoes, and clover that are raised. A very moderate amouut of skill and care will keep it in good heart; and the safest way, indeed, the only paying system is to take one or two crops off new land, and then seed it down with mas seeds for hay and i)asture. In five years from the time of chopping, it can be readily ploughed, most of the stumps coming out with the plough. It is heavily timbered with hard wood, such as beech, and maplo, and birch, — ^and there is sufficient cedar for fences. The whole country is thickly studied with lakes, and their effect i^ sensibly to ameliorate the climate. The winter is of the same length as on the shores of Ontario ; the snow is seldopi deep enough for good sledging before the middle of December, and it is off the ground by the first week in April. The lakes are closed lor navigation about iihe middle of November. The Bobcageon road passes through a very bad country. It is the point of junction between the limestone forma- tion and the granite. As soon as I passed the village of Minden, I noticed the difference at once, and we came into a country where it id evident agriculture can be carried on successfully. !» COST OF CLBABING LAND. It may be taken that the price of clearing land is IG dolH. per acre. This clears and fences the land and leaves it in fit condition for crops. A raw hand ought to clear the first winter at least ^ve acres, and some men have cleared as much as ten. A practised axeman would chop ten or twelve acres during the winter, without working very hard. M [ i U ATESAGS CBOPS. fioMen, two bandied bvihds per sere, wkeil^ rfttNk MM* P^ scKB. ^ I f i fc i l l t ee lwli per ecre ::' ip|^^ ' i(lteell9> ,MAjia to » '■•^. fvij ton and-A-half pit SIVB HBBB. V •>-;:^'^' BiHfiWti ikoM «Kib(#l»» in Jul/. Thej haie liM to kKf i» InMfto bnfld a tbtttjr, to iuid«r- uioo of kp^JiiAlo neetthe winter fullT we- ll Jo ttol iiMfliMt to come earlier, as it u boat iMii after ilii 11^ ttpo fe over. The fliea are in "IP'Wiifc ia Mmj, until the aoMmd ^n^, nnrilNioii oie llien almost unbearable to I Ida^l^ iiiaiosqnitoei making life in \iBdiiejJl§^': /-'iW^ annoyance becomes leaa 1m IQI oM (W|l |l i ia ent.s black flies are un- iMMqiiiBMi aiplee; but in the woods thej I mmi0f^ Aeir attacks. .)\ft. f^: At SETTLINa. :*; Ro OoifOTiment fapOM mr timt a settler in going into ttt^oodasfenld have £lft# capital. The government ia light, though many a aHiaarvea out an independence who casiies nothing to ke moods but his axe. it is clear iill0 for twelve months a ae« settler must live on his own lea Oo rces, for he cannot rdto Any crops in less time than that; and the first year hesddopn does more than raise enough potatoes ant ilouf^ to supply him, until his second crop comes to hand. Tu ! ' t eettlement a man has a better chance than elBe^bi re. • »r the Com))any have works in progress that • nplo a ni« jh labour, and he can get a job of work at ab >-" a / pe; lod of the year. An II instonce isbefore me at thfaminiite, of two Toung men aged seventicn and twenty-t«l, who tame to Canada five yetrsago. They hired out m the fiwt year, and aaved a htt^ njoney. They tiit^boiU|ht two-hundred acies neap llaliburton, and now -ler bare forty acres under crop,— have live stock worth W dols., and will sell thia season probably 200 busbafei aT wheat and other pro- dnoe in proportion. They moHfm building a substantial tern houae, and last;, J - ^ s large bam 80 feet long. Any man who ia pmmm «i work hard can be- eome mdependent hei«^ AAivia a good farm, the neoeasanea of life in aM|4iiea^ and some of Ito luxuries. Schooling it tnm &• aehooU in this settle- ment being maintained by a ML taxation of which the bulk is borne by the Land OMaftf . I find that though tibere is no political feelii^i ofmr land, th?re is a per- petual skirmish going on abpif ipod affairs throughout each settlement I hnrn pssajirilaiWlftli Each settlement ia divided into two or tm# iMiiib ^^ ^^® contentionB between them are noim tlii(|||a aerimonious from the causes being paitiy and amill* Beligious conttetiona take the lead, and the maaiiii tatta manifest a moat vigorous dislike to eaeh MhfWkl ^ this is one of the disturbing infloeneea of alt i fpr aiWements. Municipal aiEursalsogiveriae tonuflsavi^liiiAM of the most petty and contemptible ehaMPpB^ ^^^ however violent may be theae animoaitfaai iCM fJaaaing to find that if a man is in a difficulty, if Bii*#afk gets a head of hiin, or he is in need of help, thasi ||l||ailghbours come to his aid ; a '' bee " is calledi and f ^^IHl all join to lend him a hand. I think, now, that I ha* written all that I have to communicate. What I have said must be taken for just what it ia worth. All I can say is that I have given the whole of my attention sine? I have been in Canada to collecting valuable information for \y own use. I believe that what I have gathered ia correct, and I have not ventured to ^ive anything in the shape of an opinion of my own. If 1 thought prop-^r to give my opinions, they 1 I Tast and thriving IiATe not yet been eiwia bappj to give any oi* ugpij for ; and those rUcuiar section of ^^ apply to Mr. H. 0/ <». I would be favourable to li|«ctenBive emigration to this oountry; for I feel aasi^iMl %ib it is destined to maintain fmd that its resources developed. I shall be ion that my friends may opiate emigrating to this II strongly recommend art, of 41, Great Percy Streetj who is inliiMli^ aoqiiainted with Canadian afiin, and who is now tMMMW in establishing a co- oporatiTe STstem of fHnuiiiGChnada,wit1i a view to the more speedy an^ pitettoal ^PMnent of the wild lands. One Boch fann ^ now in ^ttmt of formation near Hali- iNttton, and aefaral wtHilltm Ime arrived from the old mmilj, all of whom^MlL in the most favourable panner of the projeel. #tft conclusion to these some- what disjointed iiuiiiuiaiiJBiM^ I append a copy of Mr. Stewart's prospectua of 4B^ Haliburton Co-operative Fftrm. ffc#Halibartoa Co.optntifr.1RM li litMted in the County of Petor- tooQih, in the GenMliaa Pf riTOM dP aftUrio. It is on the shore of Lake ]jMAuifawig*moff« [now knoinijw Mt||' Kuboft) and within half a mile of the Mng tiUage of Halibarton. gWl^ tt^^a haa been formed about four yean, mA poeeeaset Saw and Oriat Hl^iiii| tk« Shops that usuallj mark the com* , »** of a Tiilage in .. feaeh person employed on . tHatinrieliad.with proTisiotaa If. wafea for kis work, and fbr uimttj is aTailable,— >and wfll nils of the Farm proportiMi The following are among tke be proyided with a separate Oot« ...jles at cost prioeSi receivo lair week* «f those members jof his family whose t to uQ equitable share of tho yearly wages he has receiived. i^JRired to the emigrant. He haa ig in Canada, and is thereby ^nved ity ; — and on arriving at ttie Farm .iient for himself and family,— s ...iOoling at the lowest cusr,— and ■Mooiatron with persons haylif f«iWi|r objects, and of congenial babits. Should the emigrant wish, after fr^lae, to JJurcbase land, and commence temlne on his own account, the li riagers ot the Farm wiU assist him in makinf bis purchase ; »iid should 1 a fiesire to remam in co^)peration with the Farm they will locate bin on lai ds immedmtely adjommg the property. Further particulars and r'fcreuoea may be obtained ot a; . H. 9 A^TEWAKT, 41, Great Percy Street, Islington. T . a du' • nglund: or, Mr. 0, li. «..TEV AUT, lip, fsan, County Peterborough, Canada v> all. jwing are among •I once a detitiuatiou to proceed ^^ fam of time, expense, anxiety, tm m ^.^ kt it eoaured fair wages •^^^SMttf ^^^S?" oomfortable home,— cheap IP^a*t^ -^ehc Post OIllco, naliburtou, Tor