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TFTK 
 
 BIRMINGHAM 
 SCHOOL OF MEDICINE. 
 
 BY 
 
 IV ('. A. WINDLK. .M.A., M.D.. 
 
 AND 
 
 W. IIILLHOUSK. !\r.A., F.L.S. 
 
 Hjumingham : 
 
 I'lUNTKI) nv Hai,1, ANJ) KN(!LIk||. 7 
 
 I. II Hi II SritKKI', 
 

IV '7 
 
 CONTENTS. 
 
 THE QUEEN'S COLLIJCE. By B. C. A. Windle. 
 M.A.. M.D., Professor of Anatomy, and Dean of 
 the Faculty of Medicine 
 
 PAGE. 
 
 Plate 1.— Front Elevation 
 
 Plate 2.— The Quadrangle 
 
 Plate H. — The Anatomical Museum 
 
 I Mate 4.— The Dissectin.i? Room 
 
 Plate 5.— The l»atholoj,'ical Laboratory 
 
 I Mate G.— Front Elevation . . . ..|,|M.site 
 IMate 7.— The Chemical Lecture Theatre 
 Plate S. — Tlie Chemical Laboratory 
 
 Plati! 0.— The Comparative Aiuitomy 
 Museum .... 
 IMate 10.— The Library . 
 
 1 
 
 . o))j)osite 1 
 
 11 
 14 
 
 THE HOSl'ITALS. By B. C. A. Windle, M.A.. M.D. H 
 
 THE MASOX (COLLEGE. By W. Hillhouse. M.A.. 
 F.L.S., Professor of Botany and Vciivtable 
 Phy.^ioloi^^y. and Secretary to "the Senate . . 17 
 
 17 
 PJ 
 20 
 
 22 
 26 
 
 1 i 0789 
 
vr* 
 
 PREFATORY NOTK. 
 
 The following page? were written for the information 
 of those members of the Medical rrofessi(m who attended 
 the Birmingham meeting of the British Medical Associ- 
 ation in Jnly. 1890, and formed a part of the Official 
 (Jnide Book published by tlie Local Committee. It has 
 been deemed desirable to republish them separately ; and 
 for the purpose of further adding to their utility a few 
 repro<luctions of photographs of the more impurtant 
 (•(mstitucnt j)arts of the Birmingham School of Medicine 
 have been introduced. Our work will not have been 
 in vain if tliis little l)of)k is the means of in any way 
 increasing the knowlcd^-c that licrc. in the centi'e of the 
 Midland district, and witli unrivalled railwav facilities, 
 there exists what, taken in all its aspects, is one of 
 the best eqnii)})ed Schools of Medicine in the provinces. 
 
 B. 0. A. WiNDLE. 
 W. HiLLHOUSE. 
 
 
 ./tdi/, I^IHK 
 

T ' - "■ - -, W 
 
 Collier, Photo. Birmingham. 
 
 feaaatt^HI^ 
 
 |t4K-»H0T0l' SPn40UK « CO l-OrlDOh 
 
 Queen's College. 
 
 PLfllE I. 
 
THE BIRMINGHAM SCHOOL OF MEDICINE. 
 
 
 (QUEENS C0LLK(;E. 
 
 "Mr. Williaiu Siiiids C(»x will connneiico :i course of 
 Anatomical I-ccliiri's. with I'liysioloLrical iiiid Siiruical 
 Obsorviitioiis. on Wcdiicsday. the 1st ol' Hcccnujcr. lS2r), at 
 12 o'clock. 'I'ln' course will he C(-ntiiuicd duriiiij: the ensuinj]^ 
 winter on Mondays. Thursdivvs. and Fridavs, at 24, Teniph; 
 How.' 
 
 The udvei'tisenient just ipioted. whieh appeariMl in the 
 local jjiiper of November 7 111. lS2r), was the first amiounce- 
 nient of the formation of tlie I'irnnnLrham School of Medi- 
 cine. Althou<4'h insti-uction had l>et'n iriNcn before this time 
 fit the (iencral Hospital, several men, afteiwards well 
 known — Sir William I'owman amongst the nnnd)cr — havin'j: 
 been pupils of the suru'eons to the charity, there had l)een. 
 prior to the notice just quoted, no systematic courses of 
 medical lectures carried on in the town. At their com- 
 meiu'ement the ai rantienu'nts for the instruction of students 
 were of a very modest mituie, one room suiiiciny for all 
 pnr[)oses. 
 
 Dr. .John Johnstone, at that time oiu' of tin- professors 
 of the ('olley:e. in an introductory lecture delivered in the 
 year lS34.<fives some interesting,- inforuuition as to the early 
 days of the School. "To Mr. Sands Cox," he says, "is due 
 iu)t only the fornuition of the School, but the idea in which 
 it orijj^inated. After a libei'al education in his own country 
 he visited I'aris. in the yeai' 1S24, for the express ]tnrposc of 
 preparin;j; i.imself for deliverinjj,- lectures in aiuitoiny and 
 surj^'ciy. \\\ October. 182;'). he tirst subnntted his ])lans to 
 the ])rofession in Birminiiham and delivered his iiuiuj^^ural 
 lecture. In 1S2(! and 1827, for tiie purpose of obtaininj^ 
 information, he visited the schools of Edinl)urja'h. (Jlas^itw, 
 and Dublin, still continued to reconunend the formation of 
 a reiridar school in liirnunuham. and l)y that impulse which 
 zeal and talent aie sure to impart, in 1828 he <i:ained the 
 jiatronage of scmie of the seniors of the profession in Bir- 
 mingham, and the School was constituted. Up to 1821* the 
 School iiad only the conveiiience of one room for all its i)ur- 
 ])0ses. In eonsciiuence of this narrowness of acconunoda- 
 Xxon, ^Ir. Sands Cox oft'erecl to build a set of rooms, provided 
 the body of lecturers would guarantee a certain rental, for 
 
2 
 
 Tin; iiii{.MiN(;iiA.\i sciiooi, ok .mkdicink. 
 
 the it'i'('|tt iitii ,.t' ilic MiiseiiMi n'ld Lihrnry : ihhI in (•rdcr (o 
 learn liow to mraii'^t' tlir AnatdHiical Miiscinii in llic best. 
 form, onr cnlcrprisin^' and un\V('aii('(l rounder visitecl the 
 various ii()s|)itals and seliools in France. (Jerniany. and Ftaly. 
 On liis return, the means oi' foundini;' a museum and lil)rary 
 apjicared so seanty thai it was determined, in ISHO. fo solicit 
 the neiijfhhourMej- patrons of seienee to extend tlie plans and 
 usefulness of the institution. 'I'iiis aid was liljerally i^ranted, 
 and the donations of our henefaetors, to the amount of 
 ,*:'.>()(). were expended in tlie ]turehase of ])reparations. 
 <'X])onsivc l)()oks of plates, and the tittint; np of the iMuscum 
 and Ivil)i'ary. The Inst it ution now assnniecl its present form 
 and feature." 
 
 The larger aeeonimodation pnndded in 1S29 was in Snow 
 Hill, whieh thus Ixicame the si'cond habitat of the .Medical 
 School, its next being in th'' name street, though not in the 
 same bnilding. as that whieh it now occupies. In looking 
 over tlie names of the nineteen studi-nts who attended the 
 classes in 1S25. it is interesting to find that of one who still 
 lives to enjoy the respect and regard of his jirofessional 
 brethren. Mr. Dickenson VV'el)ster L'romptini. The courses 
 of l(K'tures with the lecturers in 182Swere : Anatomy. I'hysi- 
 ology. and Pathology, VV. Sands t 'ox : Materia Medica and 
 ^Medical IJolany, Richard I'earson. M.l>. : Chemistry and 
 riiarmacy. J. Woolrich : I'rinci pies and Practice of Physic, 
 .). K. PxiDth. iM.J). : Principles and Practice of Surgerj- anil 
 Surgical Operations. Alfred -Jukes; Midwifeiy and the 
 Diseases of VVomen and Children, John Tngleby. 
 
 In 182r), William IV. .by accejjting the ])osition of patron 
 of the scliotil and conferring ui»oii it the title of '"The Koyal 
 Scliool of Mccli(;ine and Snrirerj' of Hirmingham.'" gave to it 
 a definite position auiongst the educational institutions of 
 tlie country which it had not previously jjos.sessed. Shortly 
 after this. 3Ir. Sands Cox succeeded in interesting in his 
 work th<' Hev. Dr. AVarneford. a man of large; means, at that 
 time rector of Hourtou-on-the-Water. The influence of this 
 gentleman upon the ])olicy and future of the ('oUege can 
 scarcely be overrated. In the first ])hice, its managers were 
 indebted to him for large gifts of money, and thus to the 
 ])ossii)ility •)r its formation into a " Collegiate Institution for 
 the tutelary care and collegiate residence of its jiupils," to 
 ([uote their (jwii words. Their idea, and that of Iheir bene- 
 factor was to create a College with residential accommodation, 
 with faculties of Di^initj', Medicine. Law. and Engineering, 
 
 
• 
 
 '» 
 
 Tin: lUK.MfNoiiAM sciiooi, oi- :\ii;i)i( INK. ;{ 
 
 in fact 111 ••niist itiitc tlir iiiic1(mis of uliiit ilicy liDjicd miLiIit. 
 iit no very tlistunt date, (Icvcloiic iiilo a fully citiist it iitod 
 and ('(>Jii|ik'tc'ly equipped university t'ortlie .Miillaiid cuiiiities 
 of Knu^land. " I for one.'' wrote Mr. ( 'liiiiieeilor l.iiw. on a 
 suhseciuent occasion, ''dreamt of the cradle of an infant 
 <,'iant. and of a midland nniversity,'" Adnn'raMe as tin; 
 intentions of Dr. Warneford were, so far. tliey were accom- 
 panied l)y and interwoven willi oilier ideaswiiicli were. when 
 [»nt in operation, a sourc.; of serious weakm-ss and dilliculty 
 to the institution. I >i'. Warneford was permealt'd ;!sappears 
 most clearly from his letteis. ^'•illl the idea that the t'ollej^o 
 should be eondneted strictly and entirely on ('liurch of 
 Kn!.:land principles. 'J'lius. in a letter dateil Septemljer 14lh. 
 I84!S. he writes, " I nnist obsjM've thai the incidcat ion of soiintl 
 roli.sjrions jjiinciples has b(!en. ami is. the basis of all my 
 doinitions either to your Hospital or your ( 'olle,t,'e.'" Ai^iain. 
 under dale Xovemher, 1S4S, •• I own 1 fei'l inueli anxiety to 
 preserve the spirit of my intentions beinu^ perverted l)y 
 posterity, if so inclined. In the present zealous suppoiters 
 of the < 'olle<,'e I have the utmost contidence, i)Ut '^real <l('- 
 lii)cration is surely re(|uired to nuard ai^'ainsl futioe satanic; 
 subtlety." I'^inally, .January. lS4'.t. "To guard against tin; 
 sul)tl(i designs of the .lesuits. anil iiisidiou- intrusion of 
 malignant dissenters, imperatively rei|uires much delibera- 
 tion."' Mr. Sands Cox, whether sharing in tliosu views, or will- 
 ing to obtain the money for the furtherance of his cherished 
 plans on whatever terms it might i)c olt'ered. a<;(iiiiesced in 
 Dr. Warneford's wishes. Thus, writ ing to the last named 
 in 1S47. he says. •• May we iml with llie powers we now 
 enjoy, lay the foundidion of a great ceniial university, iiascjd 
 on sound Chnreli of Englan<l luinciplcs .' " The early regula- 
 tions of the College shew the intlueiu c of tliesi' views of its 
 two principal promoters. Most of the otlicials. including the 
 Dean of Faculty and the .Medical Tut »r. were recjuired to bo 
 members of the ( 'hiircli of Enghn. I.and tlu> resident students 
 were to attend the services of the Colleg Jiapel on Su iday 
 morning and afternoon. All such stun its. with whatever 
 faculty the}' might be connected, were also obliged to attend 
 the Warden's lectures on morals and theology. The Warden 
 was to be a clergyman of the Church of Kngland in | riest's 
 <mlers. It may here besaid. somewhat auticiapting matters, 
 that whilst most of these regtdations wore abolished l)y tlie 
 "Queen's College, Birmingham, Act" of lIStJT, the' ol)ligation 
 of mombersliij) of the Cliureh of Kngland. after that date, 
 applying only t(/ tlu' I'rcsident. Vice-president and Warden, 
 
THE B1KMING1IA:M iSCIluOL OF MEDICIXi;. 
 
 iiiid tiic cliMjJt'l attt'iuliiiic'C bein,G: no loii<,'cr necessary, the 
 jis.socintioii of tlio CoUe^'c with one ])artkMUar religious body, 
 and the existenee witliin its walls of a faculty "or tlie educa- 
 tion of clerics for that body, has not conduced to secure for 
 it that ])ecuniary sui»])ort. for wliich it might otlicrwise have 
 hoped from persons of all forms of religious belief. Having 
 tlms briefly touched nj)on the religious constitution of the 
 College with its effect upon the fortunes of the school, we 
 nmy now return to its general history. 
 
 In 1845. the (}ueen by lioyal Charter. coidVrred u])0u the 
 Institutii)!! the name of "The Queen's College at Birming- 
 ham. ■' Hei' Majesty at the same time naming herself and 
 her successors, should they think lit. its ])atron. In the same 
 year the foundation stone of the present Iniilding wr.s laid. 
 and, in the next, the chapel was consecrated. The subseciuent 
 history of t)ie College for some years becomes a modern 
 instance of the fal)le of the boy and the pitcher of nuts. 
 Instead of being content Avith tinnly establishing the 
 Institution on a stable if comparatively small basis, the 
 governing body ])lunged, with what now ai)pears to have 
 been j'ecklessness, into the constitution of new faculti(!s. 
 I)e})artments of Arts, Law, Engineering and Architecture 
 were added to those already in existence. Increasing want 
 of fluids conibiued with constant dissensions amongst the 
 members of the u-overning bodv to bring the College into 
 difficulties. "Mixed up as I soon became.'' says ]\Ir. 
 Chancellor Law. in the j^aper fr* m which quotation has 
 alreadv been made, ''iu College business, it was some years 
 before I had anv knowledge of its i)ecuniarv concerns. 
 Money flowed in rapidly. We seemed to have found iu 
 Dr. Warneford a mine of wealth : and we asked no questions. 
 In fact we became a little tipsy with ))rosperity." As time 
 went on the difficulties, far from lessening, became more 
 pre.ssiug, and many suggestions were considered as to the 
 Dest way of extricating the College from the unenviable 
 position into which it had fallen. Amongst these was one 
 formulated bj' Mr. Chancellor Law wliich. if ado[)ted, woidd 
 ])robably have saved much of the trouble of after years. 
 " The time has come."" he writes. " for a decisive move. And 
 I ask permission to lay before you my views as one of the 
 oldest members of Council. Will you jump from your chairs 
 when I tell you / think the CoUctjc mxxt he .so/di'"' . , 
 The College sold and all liabilities <iischarged. he calculated 
 that a sum of Ji4,0U()or £5,000 might remain over. " With 
 
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 t .- 
 
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 .■ vv- 
 
rHK nillMIXCrHAM SCHOOL OF MKDICINE. ."> 
 
 thiit sum r would roiuid ii new .Medical ('itlle^^'e soiiicwhovo 
 near the Queen's Hospital. Mind, a ^Fetlieal ( V)llc.ii'c only : 
 not arts, not enj^ineers, not law '^-^partnients. And I would 
 build a Tlieolo.u'ieal Colle<;'('. . . . If I am correct in my 
 general views and ealeulations. as [ believe I am. shall we 
 not emerge from our present ditti(;ultics better oft" than ever .' 
 Havinu: out-<>rown the Giant's Cradle, and made for him 
 a comfortable little bed, with an income of ^•44-8 a year, foi- 
 the ])rojected new ^ledical College, and an income of £510 a 
 year for the Theoloifical ( 'ollei'V, thou^'h wiihout a little bed 
 there for the (iiant." This scheme, which was laid befon; 
 tlie (^mncil in 18ti3. was not accepted. 
 
 Not to linuer over a jiortion of the history of the College, 
 n])on which it is no ])leasm'e to look l^ack, it may be said in 
 brief, that after years of impccuniosity. dissensions and 
 ditHcultics, as the result of an enqniry held l)y the Charity 
 Commissioners, a scheme was drawn up for the consolidation 
 of the various trusts, the discharu'e of lial»ilities and the re- 
 arrangement of the management of the Institution and the 
 qualifications and duties of its officers, which in 18(17 became 
 law by act of parliament. Under the provisions of this Act 
 the affairs of the College have ever .-iiu'e been, and still are 
 managed, and though not free from faults and containing 
 clauses which might better have been omitted or framed on 
 <liffcrent lines, it may at least l)e saiil that the Council, 
 working upon its basis, have been enabled to build up a largo 
 and successful School of Medicine. 
 
 Mention must now l)e ma<le of a rival school which was 
 o])ened in l^'>\. the inaugural address l)eing delivered by 
 .). 1). Hayes, its Lecturer on Anatomy. This school, which 
 was named ■•The Sydenham College." was coiuiected with 
 the Cicneral Hospital, neai- which it was -situated. The 
 Queen's College, on the other hand was united with rho 
 Hosj)ital of tlu' same name, the iwo institutions as a matter 
 of fact. l)eing under the same governing body until the pass- 
 ing of the above-named Act. The Sydenham College (liffored 
 entirely in constitution frcmi its rival, since its governing 
 body was fornu'd of a number of the medical [)ractitioners 
 of the town and district. It was a prosperous Institution 
 with a fair roll of students, and a valuable collection of 
 pathologieal and other jnvparations, a large nund)er of which 
 it owed to the energy of the lati- Dr. .James Itussell. It was 
 obviously to the disadvantage, however of medical edu<'ation 
 that the town should i)ossess two rival institutions cont|)eting 
 
(i 
 
 Till' i'.ii:.MrN(;iiAAr sciiooi, of aikdicini:. 
 
 with one .'iiiotlicr I'nr Tin'oiir iiiul pupils, find oiuMyE tlio first 
 laliMiirs (if the ('(Hiiicil ftf tiio Queen's Ccillogc. newly consti- 
 tuted at'tei' the Act liad ('""ue into force, ^\as to lirini:- to an 
 end siicl' a state nt' afVairs. The scheme of anialuaniation at 
 first tiireatened td break down over the (piestion of the 
 position of tl ,' school, the nianatrers of the Sydenham ('ollcu:e 
 desirinu" that tlie teacliiiiL>' should be carried on in their 
 Jjuildin^" This proposition the Queen's Colle<^e Council very 
 wisely refused to comply with, their school beiiif; nuu'h more 
 centrally situated Ixitli as re^'ards the town itself, aud.i still 
 more important point, the two Hosi)itals available for clinical 
 instruction. After some neuntiation, however, this diliicidty 
 was surmounted : certain of the Sydenham ( 'olleii'e bod}' 
 were placed on the Council of the Queen's Colle<,fe. and others 
 were made udvernors. the Museum of the first named school 
 being taken in lii'u of the jiayment of their money ([ualitica- 
 tion. The necessary documents were sijrned in ISOS. uiul 
 since that date the systematic; teaching in medicine, other 
 than that afTorded l)y tlu' Hospitals has been carried on in 
 the (Queen's College. 
 
 The residential system, wiiich as we have seen was one of 
 the primary ideas of the ('ollege was finally discontiimed in 
 11S74. Without entering- into the. doubtless perfectly valid, 
 reasons wliich pronifited this action, it may at least be per- 
 mitted to the well-wishers of the College to regret that no 
 residential hostelry oi- other acconuuodation for students is 
 available at the present time, and to ho})e that before lotig 
 the Council may see their way to supplying a want which 
 has made itself felt in all schools, and has lieen recognised 
 in many l)y the opening i>f halls of residence for medical 
 students. 
 
 For some years after the last mentioned date no noteworthy 
 occurrence marks the (piiet [trogress of the Ctillege. 
 
 In ISSl the sid)iect of Dental education coming to tlie 
 front in conse([uence of the passing of the Dental Act, a 
 fully equipped faculty for the teaching of that subject was 
 constituted. Vov some years necessarilj'' small in numl)ers, 
 thi> department has of late nuich increased, and bids fair, 
 as its advantages become more widely known, to become au 
 important part of the work of the College. The Dental 
 Hospital of the city is associateil with the College in this 
 braneli of education. 
 
 About this time circumstances led u[) to what may be 
 
 
THE BIRMINGHAM SOEOOI- OF MKDICINE. 
 
 justly ivtifiui Ic'i I as tlic first stcji in tlu' piitli nf rupid tlcvcl(>i)- 
 nic'iit wliicli the ('olic.u^! lias hot'ii ol' late ycais pursuiii;.;-. 
 In 187') the touihlatioii stoin' of a new CoIIclio nl' Science 
 was laid l)y its founder, the late Sir .losiali Mason. The 
 Mason (,'olleiije. which was opened in 18S(», was intended to 
 form one of the ^roujt of Science (..'olle<i'es wliose erection 
 and work has been so pronnnent a feature of tlie nineteenth 
 eentiii'y. and it may heie, in passini:-. he said that it has 
 fulfilled, and still eontimies to fulfil in increasinu' measure, 
 the ])romise of its first days. llecoLi'insinL'" the mutual assist- 
 ance which the two institutions uu-ilit lie to one anotiier. 
 and the inadvisability, to say the least, of liavinu" in certain 
 subjects two teachers carryinti' (>n classes of an identical or 
 at least almost identical nature in such close nei.iihitourhood 
 to one anotiier, the n'overninu' bodies of tlu' two institutions 
 in 1.SS2 concluded an arranj;em(;nt. which reeeiveil the sanc- 
 tion i»f the Charity Comndssioners. l)v which the Mason 
 professors of the subjects in tpiestion were elected to thi' 
 chairs of those subjects in Qiuien's ('olle,u;e. the students 
 receiving: their instruction at Mason Colleue The Chair.- to 
 which these arran.u'ements at first ap|)lied were those of 
 Chenustry, I'hysiolof^y and IJotany. but at later dates tlios(! 
 of I'hysics and Com])arative Anatomy have been added to 
 the nund)er. 'i'he laboratoi'ies in the Mason College for tlu! 
 study of these subjects are lartre and well e(pupped. thisbein^u; 
 ])articularly the case with that of Chemistry, 'i'hus. the 
 students of the school of medicine have every oppoi'tunity 
 for fully and practically studyinjr these important t)ranches 
 of science. The arranu-ement has been, we lielieve. of nndual 
 ad\anta,i;e to both institutions, and there is every hope tluit 
 the ties which unite them, far from relaxing in time to come, 
 will on the contrary, liiadually draw the colicLi-es into an 
 even closer connection. Before leaving' the sul)ject of thc^ 
 Mason College, there is another point in which its intluencc 
 is felt by students of medicine, nu^ntion of which should not 
 be omitted, i'rior to its oi)einng, the (piestion of the instruc- 
 tion of students in tlie sulijei-ts re(iuired by the I'nivcrsity of 
 London for its i'relinunary Scientific Examination had 
 always been one of difficulty, and doubtless sonu' had been 
 prevented from following the courses of that L'nivcrsity on 
 this account. With the ' "HMiing of the Mason College all 
 this was changed, full in,- .action was afforded in all these 
 subjects, and the inliuenccof the change soon began to nuikc 
 itself evident by the larger numbei' of students entering the 
 Queen's College every year as undergraduates of the Univer- 
 sity of London. 
 
8 
 
 THi: lUmiTNCiHAM SCHOOL OF MIIDICINE. 
 
 Ill 1S84, tlie ( 'ouiicil. Fullowinii- (lu> i'.\iiiii|ii<' oF soiml' few 
 of tlie liii'.iror schools of niediciiu' tlirou<:lioiit the coautry. 
 (lotenniiH'd to intitxhu'e an important altci'ation into the 
 Anatomii-al hcpartniont. by appointinjj; to the chair of tliat 
 subjeet. an ocenpant who should he debarred fi'oin the 
 ])ractice of In's jtrol'ession. and sliouhl devote tlie whole of 
 his time to the (luties of liis office. About the same time, 
 tlie de|)artment itself was enlari^ed l».y a nmeh-needed addition 
 to the dissectinti' room. Since that date, the iraterial for 
 teachin,^' this subject and the accommodation for the sami; 
 has been considerably increased, the most noteworthy addition 
 haviii.t:" been made this year in the shape of an Anatomical 
 Museum and l)one room. The Anatomical collection had 
 previously occu])ied the same loom as the rathologieal, but 
 the ureat increase in Ijoth within the last five years, render- 
 int;' the room <n'er-crowded. further accommodation became 
 necessary. The teacliinu" of Pathology at this time be^an to 
 occupy the attention of the Council. Courses of lectures had 
 been (U'li\erc(l for a iiunil)er of yearsoii the subject, but there 
 WiTs no means for instruction in i'ractical rathoh),rrieal 
 HistoloLiT within the Coileii'e. It is true that tlie subject 
 was not altou'cther untauii'ht. since successive Patholo.uieal 
 Officers at the (Jeneral Hospital had held classes in it 
 annually, but the numl)ers were limited liy the smailness of 
 th{> room and i»y the fact that attendance was (]uite optional. 
 It was felt that this unsatisf'aetojy state of affairs could not 
 be allowed to continue, and accordiiiirly. in lS!S(i. a i)atho- 
 lo^ical laboratoiy of si/e suHicient for the time was fitted up. 
 ;iiid a prat'tical course yiven for llie first time durini^ the 
 summer se.^sioii of that year. The .threat inerea.se in number 
 of the students duriiiij^ the past few years havinji' rendered 
 this room far too small for the comfortable acconnnodation 
 of the class, a new laborator}' has been fitted up of a larger 
 size and possessed of much greater conveniences. This 
 has been usc<l for the first time during the i)ast summer 
 se.<sion. In 1S8(; were opened also a new .Materia Medica 
 Museum and an Kxamination Hall. 'J'lie alterations and 
 additi(jns of the last years, thus briefly .summarised, have 
 been at once the result and the can.se of the incieased 
 number of students attracted to tlie College. 
 
 In 18(;8. after the amalgamation l)etween the two schools, 
 the number of students on the books was tJO. This had 
 increased in ISSd to 139. in 1887 to 178. in 1888 to 1D3, in 
 ]88<> to 224. whilst at the present time the number stands 
 
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Tin-: HIRMINOHAM SCHOOL or M KDICINK. 
 
 1> 
 
 at about 200 ine(lical students — nearly double the fiLrure 
 wliicli it roaeliod Hvc years a.};o. Tlie affaii's of tliu ('ollejio 
 are ninnn^ccl by a <"ouncil of fifteen nuMnlx'rs elected annu- 
 ally by t Ik; (ioveriiors, each uH'nibei' retiring from otliee at 
 the end of tlireo years, but beini,^ (!li<fiblc for re-election. 
 The head i»f tlie Collejjje and representative of the ("ouneil is 
 the Warden, ulio is a r(>sident oftieial. He lias tlie entire 
 control of the diseiplint' of the ('olle,t,fe. 'I'lie Honorary 
 Secretary is particidarly associated with the ]\Te<lieiil De- 
 j)artnu'nt. for tiie iletails of tiie work of win'eli he is rcspon- 
 •sible. He is also a resident oflh'ial. The (hairs arc for the 
 most jtart those usually existent in a school of ni(!(lieine. thc^ 
 chief excejjrion bi-iiii;- that the snl)ject of (Jyuan'oiogy is 
 dealt with by m separate and independimt profc.'ssor instead 
 of liein,ii: an appana.Li'e of theCliairof Midwifery, as is cus- 
 tomary in most other schools. This alteration was effected 
 in iShS, on the rc^siufuation of one of the co-professors of the 
 former Chair of Midwifery and Diseases of Women. It may 
 here be mentioiu'd that the title of I'rofcssor was conferred 
 on the occupants of tlu; chairs in the College by the Royal 
 Charter, and contirmed by the Act of I'arliamcnt of I8(i7. 
 'J'here are lecturers on Operative Sur,L!:<M'y iind Practical 
 Pathology, and two tutors, Mc(lical and Hi'ntal. 'I'he fornu-r 
 i.s also Senior Demonstrator of Anatomy, and the latti'r is 
 charired with the su])erintendence of the studies of the stu- 
 dents of Dentistry. 
 
 A few words must now be said concerning- some of the 
 lar<rer dc])artments — that f)f Anato uy, as numerically most 
 imptirtant. first claiminLr atti'iitior.. The accommodation 
 for this subject consists of a. dissectinj:^ room with lavatory, 
 the former by ncj means too large for the numbers now 
 nsing it durinir the winter session, about Vli) havinu; entered 
 for this course in the last session. It is large enough for the 
 comparatively small class dissecting during the summer 
 session : but it is obvious that if the increase of the school 
 continues at the rate which it has nmintained during the 
 past five years, the subject of enlarging the accomnu)dation 
 for dissectors will hiive to engage the serious attention of 
 the (.'ouneil. Uesides the large dissecting room there is a 
 .smaller one for the private work of the I'rofessor and Prosec- 
 tors, a private room for the Professor, and a preparing 
 room for the injecth)n and storage of subjects. It may be 
 mentioned that, on the whole, the supply of .subjects is good 
 .ind adequate ; and though the recent icquirements of tic 
 English Conjoint Board with regard to the teaching of 
 
lo 
 
 THK ItlllMINOHA.M SCHOOI, OF MKDICI^E. 
 
 0|)i'rativt' Siivircry luivi- tliiown nii adtlitioiiiil strain oii tlif 
 supply, there is no reason tn suppose that tlio Scliool will be 
 in the future worse than, or even as Itadly off as. many other 
 similar institutions. 
 
 The Aiuitoniieal Museum and Ikuk^ room, which, as 
 already stated, has l)cen opened this year, is (itted up with 
 a eompk'te set of hones, eoloui'ed to show the attaelnnents 
 of tlie muscles, \:e.. and ])laced in revolving- ^lass eases, with 
 a complete set of penuanent i»rain disseetious. also in re\olv- 
 in,2," >,dass eases, and with a luimher of peruunienfly uuauited 
 dis.«<eetions and frozen sections of the body. It also contains 
 a nund)er of anatoniieal and emhrj'oloj^ieal models and a 
 small eollectioti of specimens of (.'omi)ai'ative Aiuitouiy. used 
 to illustrate the lectures on Human Anitomy. In this 
 Museum are also [)la('ed th(> s])ecinu'us. human and com- 
 parative, used in the lectures of Dental Anatomy, for which 
 the ('ollef,'e is almost solely indel)ted to the lalxjurs of 
 Mr. Humphreys, the Lecturer on that subject. There is 
 tinally, in <'onnection with thi.s dei)artnient.a .s[)eeial Lecture 
 Theatre. 
 
 The I'atlioloLrical DeitartnuMit pos.sesses a lar.ue and well- 
 lit Laboratory, which is supplied not only with all the 
 necessaries for histolo,uical work, but also with a lari^e 
 nmnber of ai)])liances for the study of iJacterioloL'y. Con- 
 nected with this Laboratory is a private room for the 
 I'rofes.sor of I'atholoiry and the liccturer on I'ractical 
 l'atholo,yy, and a snmll dark room for photographic pur- 
 poses. The patholou'ical collection was. six years a!j:o. in a 
 condition which entailed a diliirent wt)rk of reor^ijfanisation. 
 Many of the specimens were old and useless, others were in 
 need of re-mountiiifr, and the labels were in most cases either 
 antiquated or absent. The Curator, with the assistance of 
 Mr. Barliuu' (afterwards appointed Professor of l'atholou:y) 
 set himself to reniedj' these defects The collection, almost 
 without exception, has been re-mounted and re-labelled, 
 and a very lar.ue raimber of specimens has been added. 
 Amongst the larji;e.>-'t donors during this time have lieen 
 Mr. Lawson Tait (who eiu-iched the Museum Avitli a large 
 collection of gyn:ucologioal specimens of the greatest value, 
 which were entirely mounted at his expense) and the com- 
 mittee of the (Jeneral Hospital, who. in the coiu-se of the 
 past year, placed in the Museum, as a loan collection, the 
 entire group of specimens which had u]) to that date been 
 in their own institution. Perhaps the most com[»lete group.s 
 
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 iii the ('olk'ctinii itl' morliid jiiiiitdiiiy Jiic those of 'lisi-ascs ol' 
 the boiu's and Joints aiid of the heart iuid idood-vessels. the 
 Intt(!r l)eiM,y e>|)eri!dly rich in vidiiable s|iecinieiirt. 
 
 In 1SS8 Dr. .1. S. iJillin.ns delivered iui iiddress on the 
 Sid)jeet of Medieal ..i. H-unis to the ( onjiress of Airieriean 
 rhy^ieijnis and Suru'eons. of wliieh lie was the President. 
 For the purpose of prepJirinu'' this ad<lress he ol)tained statis- 
 tics from the U-adinii" Kin'opeaii and American medical 
 museums. It is inlerestimLr and siitisfaetory to the friends of 
 tho school to note that, dnrinu' the five prcvions years more 
 specimens luid been added to tlie colleetiou in tiie (7ncen"s 
 ('ollcL^^e in the various Museums of Anatomy. I'atliolojry and 
 Materia Me(iieii. tlian to any other folleetioii in the IJiuted 
 Kin^nlom. The mnnlier added was {.'JwO. the next larjiest 
 lij^uri' beini;- tliiit of thcLrrcat Museum of tlie Ivoyal Colle.ife 
 of Siirfjeons in Mmiland wliich was 1.0(!S. VVIien the 
 ctnnparatively small staff attaeliei. lO tlie Queen's ('ollGu;e 
 Mu>eum is considiTcd. this camiot l)ut l)e ii'ckoncd as a most 
 satisfactory result. It mny l)e added tiiat very larire additions 
 have been made >ine(! that dat(\ the nuinVjcr aniountinj,^ to 
 between 4(H) and ">(»() further sju'eimens. To the profession 
 of tiie distri('t and to tlie former students of tlie CuUeii^e the 
 IMuseum is larjjrely indebted for the material for this increase, 
 thoiiudi many additions to the Anatomical Museinn have 
 been nnide by purchase. With the assistance of the friends 
 above; named, the Curator hopes before lon.u: t(» nnike 
 the ]\Iuseum ;is complete for teachiin; pin-poses, as that of 
 any sinular institution. The Materia .\ledi(.'a .Museum 
 contains a collection of type specimens kept in j^lass cases, 
 and a ninnberof others in drawers accessible to the students. 
 In addition to the re,<;idar course of lectures on this sul)ject, 
 a series of demonstrations is conducted (hiring the Summer 
 Session by the Medical Tutor on I'harmacoixeal tests and 
 otlim- matters related to the subject. The Council have at 
 [ircsent iiiuhir their consideration the i)rujeet of fitting up ji 
 museum containing oI)jects connected with the subi(M't of 
 J'libiie Health, now assuming such importance as a branch 
 of Medieal education. A Theatre for lectures in course.*^ 
 othei tlian that <»f Anatomy, a Class lioom in which the 
 Medical Tutor's classt's are held, witli Professors' and Students' 
 Comnutn llooms ar(> also part of the accommodation of the 
 College. 
 
 There is a Talnary containing between 3.000 and 4.000 
 volumes, to wliich the students have access. A number of 
 
."» 
 
 12 
 
 THE BIRMINGHAM SCIIOOf. OV MEDICINE. 
 
 the books tlioi','iii coiitaimMl are old and iiiaiiy are of value : 
 there are besides a innnher of modem works ■\vliieh the 
 students are permitted to take out on loan. The Couneil 
 have had it in view to keep the Library ehietly for hMidinir 
 purposes, sinee f<jr reference pur{)oses the students are 
 otherwise well su])plie(L 'J'hus, they have access to the 
 Mason I'ollepe Lilirary. which contains a harue colleelion of 
 medical works Avhicli .are not allowed to i^e taken out. 
 They can also, if of good reixite. by the kindness of the 
 Council of the ^ledical Institute, obtain adnn'ssion. forreadintj^ 
 pui'poses, to the large and comjilete collection of books owned 
 by that body. The students of the Uirmi' .jhani 8cho;'l are 
 tl IS unusually well sup])lied with opportunities of consulting 
 the literature of their futiu'e profession, at no other cost to 
 themselves than the small library fee of the Queen's College 
 and the moderate amount charge<l to students not actually 
 engaged in taking out classes within theii' walls, by the 
 authorities of the ^lason College. The ( 'oinicil of the ]\Iedical 
 Institute generously make no charge to students admitted to 
 the privilege of reading in their library, and as this is 
 situfited in close ijroximitv to the ('ollcire. it is largelv used. 
 
 A T.ectureshi]) of one year's tenure, on some subject con- 
 nected with ]\lidwifery or the Diseases of Women or ( 'hildren, 
 is in the gift of the Council. It was founded in memory 
 of the late Dr. Inglel\y, for many years Professor of those 
 subjects at tiie College, and is named after him. In eom- 
 memoration of the same gentleman there were also founded 
 the Ingleby Scholarshi])s. one or two of which are awarded 
 annually to students ])assing a satisfactory s])ecial examina- 
 tion in the suljjectsof ^Midwifery and Gynjecology. Another 
 prominent name in connection with the history of the College 
 is connnemorated by the 8ands-Cox Prize. This, which is 
 justly considered the '■ blue ribbon"' of the College, is awarded 
 after examination in the subjects of Medicine, .Surgery, Mid- 
 wifery and Gyna'cology, to the student of not more than 
 four, or, under special cinaimstances, five years' standing, 
 who passes first with the retjuisite percentage, ])rovided that 
 his collegiate career has been in every way satisfactory. A 
 third frierul and former teacher in the College is conniae- 
 morated by the Russell Memorial Prize, awarded annually 
 after an examination in the subject of Diseases of the 
 Nei'vons System. This ])rize was founded in memory of 
 the late Dr. James llussell, formerly Senior I'hysicifin to the 
 (Jeneral Hospital, and a teacher both in the Sydenham and 
 
THE BIRMINGHAM SCHOOL OF MEDICINE. 13 
 
 Queen's C()llc<i"cs, l»y foniier pupils of these institutions. 
 Three schohirships are ottered annually, the regulations con- 
 nected with which are as follows : — 
 
 The Sydnihair scholarshi|)s, or whicli one or more may 
 be awarded annt 'y. are conferred, not by examination, Init 
 l)y the vote of the (Council. 'I'hi'y are {^'•iven only to the 
 orphan sons of medical men. on entrance to the College. 
 The age of ai)plicants must not (ixceed twenty-three years, 
 and sons of former students of the school have a ))riority of 
 election. The scholarships are tenable for three years, and 
 are of the annual value of ten guineas. The (^un'ii'x scholar- 
 shii)s are of the same value, and one or UKire may be awarded 
 anmially. They .are limited to the sons of meilical men, on 
 their entrance to the ("ollege. 'I'hc candidate's age nuist not 
 exceed twenty years on the day of the examination. The 
 subjects are, Latin, (ircek. French or (jiernian. Arithmetic, 
 Algebra. Euclid, Clunnistry and Human Osteology. The 
 books whicli arc to be examined upon a)»pear a year pre- 
 viou.sly in the calendar. The Djxn. Eiitvdiicv scholarship is 
 also of the same value, and one may be awarded annually. 
 Jt is open to students who have entered the College in tlie 
 October in which the examination is lield. or in the previous 
 May, piovided that their age does not exceed twenty years. 
 The subjects of examination are. T.atin. French or (Jernuni. 
 Rlathenuitics. Arithmetic. Algebra to the (!"d of i'rogres^ious. 
 Euclid, Hooks I. and II.. Chemistry of \on- Metals. Ele- 
 mentary IJiology. IJesides these prizes. i..cdals and ceititi- 
 cates are awarded aniuudly in each class, after a s[)ecial 
 examination, provided suthcient merit has been shewn 
 Two or more Prosectors of Anatomy are appointed annually 
 from the students entering upon their third year of dissec- 
 tions. The holders have the use of the dissecting iMom free. 
 They are awarded special certificates, if their work has been 
 satisfactorily jtcrformed. and the two senior, in addition, 
 receive an honorarium. Two Assistants are also appcnuted 
 annually in the class of I'lactical Pathology from amongst 
 the students who have attended that class in the previous 
 year. If tlieir work has been satisfactorily performed they 
 also are awarded special certifii'ates. Tliei'c are sinnlar 
 aj)pointments cdnnected »vith the class of Tractit-al Physi- 
 ology held at Mason College, The portion of this account 
 which deals with the C'ollege work may titly be concluded 
 1)V a list of the names t»f the otticials and ti'achcrs. 
 
 11 
 
t 
 
 u 
 
 THE IJIllMINGllAM SCHOOL OF .Mi::)U.'INE. 
 
 Pri'.'tidcnf. Tiord AViiidsor. 
 
 ]'ioi'-Prr.sit/r/if. TIk; \lv\\ ('.•inoii Wilkinson. I).|). 
 IIW/v/cM, The lU'v. \V. H. P..ult..ii. .M.A. 
 JLtnoranj tScctrfari/. rrofos^or WindU,', M.A., M.D. 
 
 I'ROFKSSORS. 
 
 and 
 
 Sir 
 
 Medici //c.-^h- Walter Foster. M.D.. F.ll.C.r. 
 
 James Sawyer. M.D.. F.ll.C.l'. 
 Surt/fn/. — Oliver iVniberton. F.ll.C.S.. and I'x.'nni'lt Mav. 
 
 M.R.. U.S.. F.U.C.S. 
 J /m/^/wy.— Bertram C. A. Windle. M.A.. M.D.. IJ.C'Ji. 
 J'/ii/.sio/m/)/.— V. .]. Allen. M.A.. .M.P,. 
 ('//niii.sfn/.—W\\]Uun A. Tilden. D.Sc. F.R.S. 
 r/n/sirs.—.J. H. l\)yntiu<r. M.A.. D.Se.. F.ll.S. 
 y VJ- //<*%//.— (Ml! )ert P.arlinn:. M.B.. B.S . F.K.O.S. 
 Midirif'cni. — lohn Clay. .AI.U.C.S. 
 {rt/nccrolm/>/—JAW^im Tait. F.K.CS.. M.D.. LL.U. 
 nWa/n/.—iynViixm llillhonse. M.A.. F.7..S. 
 Matn'ia Midica.—(\ VV. Sm-kliim-. U\\. M. U.C.I*. 
 77ierapt'iifii\^,—¥Al\v\n llickards. M.A.. .M.B.. F.ll.U.P. 
 ForeiLsic Mrdicinr.—.]. St. S. Wilders. :\r. U.C.S. 
 To.i'icolomi.—Wo^incV Hill. M.D.. D.P.H. 
 (htlirhiihmdinjii. — J. Vosi' Solomon. F.J{.C.S. 
 .ycnfal ni.<^,'a'^i:s.—Y.. 15. Wliir<-ond)e. .M. U.C.S. 
 
 l.ECrLUEllS. 
 
 OpevuHn'. Smuicn/.— W II. P.artleet. JI.B.. F.R.C.S. 
 Practical Paffiohf/i/.—d. F. Ci-ooke. 31. 1). 
 
 DEMONS'!" KATOKS, 
 
 Anatomy.— \. E. :\lali..od. M.I>,.. 15. Ch.. M AO. : W. F. 
 
 Ifaslam. F.R.C.S.: F. Marsh. F.R.C.S. 
 Phil-siolonii. — T. F. Jordan. M.B.. B.Ch.. B.A.O. 
 
 Medical Tutor, A. E. Mahood. M.15.. 15.( h . M.A.O. 
 Honorari/ (Jiirator of tlie Miii<eiiiii. I'rot'essoi' Windle. 
 M.A.. 31.D. ■ 
 
 THE HOSPITALS. 
 
 Any aeetnint of the Birmin.irham School of ^ledieine 
 which contained no mention of the facilities for clinical 
 instruction would .)l)vionsly be incomj-lete. The followinsjj 
 information as to the hospitals 'f tlu' city is limited to their 
 relation to the education of medical students. 
 
 For a considerable part of the history of the medical 
 
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Tin: III U.M INT. II AM SCHOOL OT .MKDICINK 
 
 ]r> 
 
 Iciioliin.i; of ]>inniii,fjliiiin — ii iktIixI. in Tiict. of iiciirly twenty 
 years— (!ivcli of the diniciil hospitals had its own scliool df 
 modicinc for its own students. After the anial^ainatii>n of 
 the Sydenham and (^uei'iiV Colleges tliis state of affairs 
 came to an end, and hotli hospitals were opened to tlie 
 students of the sing-le school. The clinical instruction at 
 these institutions is luanai^ed by a body whi(;h is named 
 ''The Clinical Board." elected by the conjoined staffs of the 
 two hospitals. Under the present system the students attend 
 the eliniqui' of (ine hospital for six months, and are then 
 transferi'cd for a similar term to the othei'. 'I'hey have thus 
 the oi)]>ortunity of folhiwinj;' the practice of two ditfereut 
 institutions and hearing;' the instruction of two difVerent sets 
 of teachers. There arc in tlu'se two hospitals ovel' four 
 hundred i)eds. not countinu; those in the .laffra^ I'.ranch of 
 the (Jeiieral Hospital, and students have Lhercfort' no nrj-omKl 
 for complaint as to the adecpiaey of the material foi- clinical 
 instriu'tion. There are. liesides. Ian>'e out-patient depart- 
 ments at both hospitals, upwards of 70.000 patients annually 
 rcceivin.u' treatment therein. There are special departments 
 for niseases of the Skin and for those uf the Throat and 
 Ear at the ( Jeneral Tfosijital. and for Diseases ol' tlu; Eye 
 and Dental Diseases at the QueeiTs Hospital. There is a 
 s])ecial department at each hospital for Diseases of Women, 
 and an out-jtatient Maternity at the Queen's Hospital, in 
 connection with which students an; enabled to study their 
 I'ractical Midwifery. Special lectures, with practical 
 demonstrations, are iiiven to junior students in i'hysical 
 Dia.u'nosis and the art of Casi'-takinjf. and in minor Suri^ery 
 and Ban(hi,ii;injir. by meml)ers of the staffs a|)pointed annu- 
 ally foi' that ]»urpose. I'ractical I*hannacy is tauirht in the 
 dispensaries of the hospitals. There are various appoint- 
 ments open to students prior to (iualifyin,t;' Thus there an; 
 at the General Hospital two Resident Medical Assistantships. 
 tenable for six months, and at its Branch one licsident 
 Assistantshij). tenable for three months. At the Queens 
 Hosi)ital tlu're is a JJesident Dressership. tcnalile for three 
 months. These appointments are conierred after examina- 
 tion, conducted by the Clinical Board. Clinical ]»ri/.es in 
 Medicine. Surii^cry. and ^lidwifcry are also awarded l)y tlu; 
 same body. These ai»pointnuMits and prizes arc only open 
 to stud(!nts of Queen's Collew. 'I'he twi» hospitals have also 
 a number of resident appointments for (pinlitied medical 
 men. which ari' open to the students of Ww school, though, 
 with the exception of the Obstetric. Assistaney at the Queens 
 
IG 
 
 THE lillt.MINGrrAM SI i 
 
 L OF MEDICINE. 
 
 Hospital, not confined to thcni. At tlie (u-neral Hospital 
 there are the i"t»llo\viiig : — lU-sident Medical OfHcer, Kesident 
 Surgical Otlicei' and I'atliologist, each three years' ap|)oiiit- 
 nients. Tliere are also four House-Surgconships. each tenable 
 I'oi' six hiontlis. At tlie Queen's ]los|)ital tliere are two 
 llouse-rii.vsicianships and two House- Surueonships. eacli 
 tenid)U' for two years, and an 01)stetrie and Ophtliahnie 
 Assistantslii]) tenable t'oi' six months. At tlui.Iaffray I'raneli 
 tliere is a Resident Orticershii) tenable I'or three years. 
 
 Besides the two recognised eliiueal hos])itals wliicli have 
 been engaging our attentiou, there are certain others which 
 are known as .\ssociated Hospitals, to which students of the 
 College have admission without any fee. 'i'he following at 
 present aiv on the list of such institutions. The City Lnnatu; 
 Asylum, which is re«'ognised by all the Licensing bodies ;us 
 an liospital where attendance may l)e made ou the subjects of 
 Liuuicv and Mental Hisense. It deserves to ))e more widely 
 known than it apparently is. that certain examining l)oards. 
 the University of Loudon amongst the nundier. j'ec(\L>nise a 
 three months" course at >ucli an hospital as eiiuivalent to the 
 same amount of atti'iulance on the i)ractice of an ordinary 
 clinical hospital. 'I'he Biruiingham aiul Midland l\vt! 
 Hosi»ital possesses ">,') beds, and there is a daily avi-rage 
 attendance of 117 out-patients. The Birmingham and Mid- 
 land Counties ()i-tlio]»;edic Hospital has accommoilation for 
 1(S iii-|)atieuts. and an out-patient (U'partnu'Ut. A coui'se of 
 lectures is delivered dm"ing the summer session, on the 
 diseasi's treated in the institution. With the condiiuat ion of 
 general clinical and special hospitals abo\c described, it may 
 i)e said without exaggeration that the students have an 
 opj)ortunity for clinical work uncxcelU'd by any school in 
 the kingdiuu. They have, as has In-en already shewn, nho 
 an opportuuity of im])roving their knowledge after (pnilify- 
 ing, l)y holding one or more of the resident p(»sts mentioned 
 above. i)Ut these do not exhaust the list of those availai>le 
 in the City, Tiiere are also, at the (Jencral Dispensary live 
 Resident Surgeonships, at the Worklmuse and VVorkhou.so 
 Infirmary four resident ap])ointnu'nts, at the Janiatic Asylum 
 an Assistant Medical Ofiicershi|) and Clinical Assistancy, a 
 House-Surgeonship at the Kye Hospital, with four uuu- 
 resideut I'oor-Law appointments in the gift of the Board of 
 (luardians. 
 
 From what has Ijeen stated in the foregoing pages, it will 
 be seen that the Birminuham Selu ol of Medicine, having 
 
. *- 
 
 Collier, Photo. Birmingham 
 
 MK-PHOTOV SPHAOUR • CO- l-OSDOH 
 
 The Mason College 
 
 Plate 6 
 
i 
 
 •V"' 
 
 THE HIKMINaHAM SCHOOL OF MEDKINK. 
 
 17 
 
 pa^Jscd tlmmjrli its troiihlmis youth, is imw, uuk'ss apiicar- 
 aiices ure siii.u'uhirly deceptive, enterinjj,' upon ji ([uiet iuid 
 prosperous middle aue. Witli Ririuiiif;liiun uud the iinnieiise 
 and tluekly [)(»|)uhited district around to draw upon for 
 students, with tlie facilities for systematic teachinii,' afforded 
 by QuciMi's and Mason Colletres, ami <'tinical material in 
 such rich al)iin(linice in the vaiioiis iiospitals, the friends of 
 the school have u'ood reason to hf mc that its future career 
 may he one of unintcri'upted pi'ospi rity. and that the inten- 
 tions of its foundi'is may l)e completely fulfilled in these 
 later days. 
 
 TIIK MASON Ct)T.LE(;E. 
 
 Independently of its function as a seat of Licneral. tech- 
 nical, and univeisity education, the Mason C'ollc.Lie has a close 
 and thre(f()id connection with the study of medicint'. As has 
 heeu already noted in tlu^ articli' upon the •• l)ii'min,L;hani 
 .School of Medicine." up to a ceitain point in the medical 
 student's second year the Mason ('oIleLie takes by far the larsrei' 
 share in the systeniiitic ti'aininii'of \]k'. a hi iiui i of the Queen's 
 ('olleiic! : oi'. to sjicak more definitely, provides, with the ex- 
 ee])tion of the suhji'ct of Anatomy, the whole of their 
 preliminary .si-ientifie traininu'. no matter whether candidates 
 foi' the diploma of the Conjoint Hoai'd or for the deu'recs of the 
 University of Durham, with whicii an impoi'tant connection 
 has recently been opened. In many i-espeets an even uiore 
 important part is played I»y the Colle.Lie in medical education, 
 by means of the contin.u'ent. at ])rcsent some twenty slroniz', 
 which it nmiually sends u]) for the Preliminary .Scientific 
 Examination for the medical de.urees of the I'liiversity of 
 Jiondon. Fin.'dly. in their individual ca])acity. si'veral of the 
 Trofessors of the CoUejre, namely, those of Botany. 
 Chemistry. I'hysiolouy. and Zoolou'v, are recoii'nised 
 lieeturers for the de<rrees in Medicine and Science of 
 the University of Edinbur,Lrh. attendance upon whose 
 courses of instruction, or certain of them, is ecpiivalent 
 to attendance in the Univei'sity itself: and within its 
 walls, therefore, students of medicine who ])ropose subse- 
 qtiently to ])roceed to Edinbiuyh can carry on the whole of 
 the earlier jjart of their studies. To make this reference to 
 the a.ssociation of the Mason ColWire with the Birmin<iham 
 Medical School complete, we may add that two of its Chairs, 
 those of Botany and of I'liysioloiry, were founded for medical 
 purposes ; and although the former has far outgrown its 
 
 IHK-PKOTOV »f>l»aUI • CO l-l>.»"»" 
 
 Plate S 
 
IS 
 
 iiii; Mii!.\iiN<;ii.\.M SCHOOL or .mi;ih(^ink. 
 
 ori.iiiiiiil |iiii'|niit. the I.'ittci" is >till. in 
 jMiscs. ii |iiii'clv iii"(liciil <'li:iir. 
 
 iiiifiits ;iii<l |»iir- 
 
 A> llif Mil>nii ('nllcijC will ]ii-u\i(lr In :i ui'cjit rxtrlit till' 
 liic'il liuiiK' nF the I'ritisli Mcdiciil Assnciiitiim tlui'iii,L;' its visit 
 to niniiiiii:li!i)ii. the •j('iK'i';il Jispcct nt' the Culk'^i; hiiildiii;:', 
 
 ;iii(l its position in the vcrv <'('nti(' nf \] ity, will alrcnily 
 
 1)(' fjiriiiliiif tu its nicinlicis. The t'lcv.-itidii is p-inTiilly coii- 
 sidci'cij liy ciiiiiKiissriii's to lii- the iiolilcst Jiiid most ai'listic 
 anioii^'st ;ill the i^i'cat jtuhlic l>iiildiiii>s of tlic city : and. 
 tlioiiLdi nut ffiT fi'on\ IV'idts, tlio internal an'anijcincnt doi-s 
 credit to the skill of tlic afcliitcct (Mf. .Ictlii'o .\. ( *ossins). 
 and to the wsr which he made of his visit to the |)i'inci]>al 
 science schools of Kni'o|ie |ifior to iu'eiiafinL"" his plans. More 
 seiioiisly t lian peihnps fiom any othef canse. tiu' hnildin):" 
 sntt'ers h'om hein^-'si't npoiii-nd:" liiit for tin's the costli- 
 ness of the sitt' is alone i'esponsil)le. The ImildiiiL;' lies aroinid 
 two smnll <piadran*:les : lietween the (piadianjrU's lie the 
 main corridoi'. staircjise. lavatories. Me.: almi;: the front and 
 l)ack t>f them are sittiated the lectnre theatres i'xanination 
 hall. lii>rary. and the lar,L!'est lal>oi'atories : while at the sides 
 ;ire most of the smalU'r rooms, private rooms of the profes- 
 sors, and so on. enter(!d from narrow ontside corridors on 
 each of the Moors. The l>asement is lariii'ly occn)»ied hv the 
 En.ii'ineerin.L!' iJepartment, wliik' the Iii,L'he>t part of tin; 
 l)iiildin,L'' is occupied by the extensive .ucolonical collection. 
 This latter, hy its weitrlit, i»resiimal)ly serves the useful func- 
 tion of a pinnacle, and keeps the rest of the huildiiij; steady. 
 As the visitor will find, it is a lontr way up to this niusemn. 
 Youn.i;' as the Mas(\n Co)leire is. a few jokes which titne will 
 make liistoric. already olin^ aroinid it: and one of them is 
 to tlie effect that the only ['resident of the Council who lias 
 <leemi'd it his duty to nw. • periodic visits to this nniseum 
 was oue who, in his day, had l)een a famous Alpine elimlier, 
 Mr. William Mathews. M.A. We cannot vouch for the 
 necuracy of the statement, since, accordin;^' to the Trust 
 ])eeds, a periodic inspection of every part of the buildinj^ 
 has to he made by two members of the Council : and, 
 M'hether he likes it or not, the l'resi(U'nt ])robably has to 
 form one of this jtair. 
 
 The Departments of the ColU'^-e whicli are especially 
 associatcfl with medical studies are liotany, (Jhetiiistry, 
 I'hysies. I'hysioloL'y. and Zooloiry. These we will biietly 
 consider scriatitn. 
 

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Illi: KIK.MINdllA.M SI IIOOL Ol' MKUK INi:. 
 
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 Tin: ClIKMICAL llKI'AWTMKNT ( /'/V*/<'.v.v/>/-. VV. A. Tililtli. 
 D.Sc. F.K.S. F.C.S.: A/W///vr,v. VV. VV. .). Nicul. M.A..I).S.-. 
 F.K.S.K.. K.C.S., iiiid Tli.i.v Tiinicr, V.r.i^., F.I.C.. A.ll.S.M.: 
 DcmovKt rotor. 'Y. \{. .Vljiisluill. D.Sc) itccii|)ic.<. wiili the 
 ♦ ■xcc|iti(>ii of till' hi.ximiiiiMtiuii lliill iind m cniiijlc of .jcolo-^iml 
 class rooms, the wliolc of the iippcv j^t'iiciiil floor uf tin- 
 inniit ('oUcLic Imildiiii;' fiiid :i |ioi'tioii of ilu' lloor hclow. 
 Iioidcs llic Professor's |»ii\atc room iiiid laluii'jitorv, the 
 i)f|iartm('iit iiicliidcs. upon the n|t|K'r lloor, a iar.ur (^iialira- 
 livc Lalioratory with s('|»ai'alc [ilatTs fof IS stiidciit>. a 
 <,>iiaiititativf l.alioratory with |ilacrs for half as many, with 
 ^ll|l|)i^m('llla^\■ afcoiiimodation in otiirf rooms. In this 
 l)c|iailm('nt tlici'f arc actually at tlic present timealioni \'M) 
 St udents working, of wliom father more than one-half are 
 meclicals. The laiye ('liemist ry J.eetiire Theatre oeenpies 
 tin- fi'ont eentre of the huildiii.L:'. ',\\i\ is capalile of holdinij- at 
 least li.'iO. Heliind it are two rooms eontainiiiij' an extensive 
 ehemieal and metalliii'.iiieal i-ollection. I>y le ns of whieh. 
 anti of copious expefimciits. tli(! Icctiii'es are illiist rate(l. It 
 is i>erliaps worthy of meiititoi that this tlieatfe is <'apalile of 
 heiiiLi' darkened. >o that lectures can he illustrated l>y tlit^ 
 oxy-liydf(t,een laiilefu (one of which the hepartnieiit pos- 
 sesses), hyenlai'iri-d spectra. \c.: while a powerful Uulnnkoitl" 
 coil and a J)ul>osc elect ric lamp are also j»rovided for lecture 
 atid other supplemental purposes, l-'iu- ordinary lahoralory 
 purposes tlu-rc exists an abundance of all the ordinary appa- 
 ratus: while ill the balance Koom and elsewhere are ti'ii 
 chemical li.daiices, lu'sidcs a numher of '• roULih " lialanccs 
 for ordinary ]>nr]»osi's. For medical > iident> who know no 
 eliemistry there is an iiit roducttiry course in the SpiiiiL;- 
 Term: while those lieloniiiuL!' to the Medical School receive 
 their iustrueti(»ii l»y means of a complete course duriiiLi' the 
 Summer Si'ssioii. and attend in the jjilioraiory on threes 
 afternoons in the wi'ck. lii the wholi- \^^ tlu- laiioiatoi-y 
 work, eX(!e])tin,L,' that part dcaliii.L;- with volumetric aiialy>is. 
 the students are treateil inde|)endeiitly. I'ach wiU'kiiiLi' at his 
 own special rate of spi'Cfl, and Iteiiiu' looked after ipiite 
 separately from his fellows. For tliiM'tvliiiiiuary SciiMiiitie. 
 Fxaminatioiis of the University of London, and for jicneial 
 purposes, a course of al»out lOO lectures runs tliroii,<.di the. 
 Winter and Sprin.ii' Terms, and is accompanied by lalioratoiy 
 work throu^'hoiit the Session. A iireat many students, of 
 course, work in the (Jhemical Laboratory for puicdy tech- 
 nical purposes, such as l>rewiii,u'. >S;e.: and tliei'e exists al>o a 
 small metalliiryieal lalioratorv for those whom it concern.-. 
 
20 
 
 THE IJIRMIN'(.IIAM SCHOOL OF MEDICINK 
 
 I ! 
 
 At tliis ))(iiiit it luiiy be worth while to iintc that the 
 ('olle,ii"e keeps two kinds of " Session." whicli. in the Snnnner 
 Term, ditfer to some I'xtent. Tlie ordinaiy Session coni- 
 mences on ()etol)er ]><t, and eonsists of three Terms. Winter 
 ending' jnst before Cliristmns. Sprin.u' eommenein^'' in mid- 
 Jainiai'v and endinu-abont the fii'st week in A))ril. and Snmmei', 
 wliieli for oi'dinary ])urposes, l)e,L!ins somewlierc in the 
 iiei.u'hbonrhood (if Api'il 20tli and eloses abont the 1st of Jidy. 
 Koi' medical ])nrposes ])ro])er this Snmmer 'I'erm constitutes 
 a Sununei' Session, an.d opens on May 1st and continues till 
 ap])roximately July 2()th. 
 
 The Physics Depautment (/V/'/r.v.sy*/-. .1. H. I'ovntinu-. 
 M.A.. D.Sc.. F.lf.S. : Dniio/ish-nfors.' B. 15. Skiriow'. H.A.: 
 ]{. H. Housmavi. Assoc. Mas. Coll.: and A. \'. ('. Feidix) has 
 not much connection with the Medical School in its mort; 
 restricted sensi'. r'or the ])uri)Oses of the students o^ (Queen's 
 Colleu'c there is a short course of about 20 lectures on .Matter. 
 Heat, and Electricity. desiLi'ned to prepare students for the 
 examination in Chemical I'hysics by the Joint Kxaminin,u' 
 I'o.'iivl of the CoUeu'es of Physicians and Surucons. For the 
 ])urj)oses of tlu' candidates for tiie London nu'dical <le,urces 
 there is a sessional coui'se n\' i)() lectures : in addition to 
 which they have a courss' of elenientary lal)oratory woi'k of 
 two liours a week, in which they learn the use of the simplei- 
 ]»liysieal instruments In this Department there are altout 
 JK) students, of whom half have medicine in view. Tlu; 
 Dejiartment has a hir<:'e lecture theatre, capabh' of aeeom- 
 niodatiii.u- 1 50 students, on the first floor, with apparatus rooms 
 attached, and on tlu linuind floor is an extensive laboratory 
 fltted with a larii'e amount of a])])aratiis. not meivly for the 
 teaehin.tr of all the ordinary branches of Physics, but also of 
 the more modern science of electric litrhtinu'. amonjjst the 
 appliances for this latter jmrpose bein.u' a dynamo and pis 
 cn^Lrine for drivinu- it. 
 
 The three Biological Departments, occupyin.ii' nearly 
 the whole of the '.vest si(U' of the CoUejie, have a lar.tre lecture 
 theatre in t^mnnon situated on the flrst floor, and cai)ab!e 
 of seatin.tr 200 students. These Departments are all ])ar- 
 ticnlaiiy rich in diaizi-ams. many hundreds of which hav<' 
 been specially painted foi' lecture purposes, the proper dis- 
 ])lay o'" whicli in the lecture room is provided for by rollei" 
 curtains coverin.i>- the entire end of the theatic. 
 
 In the I'HY.sioLOtacAL Department ( Profrmn; F.J. 
 Allen, M.A., M.P.. ; BcmonstratovK, J. F. Jordan, M.B., 
 
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THE BIUMINGHAM SCHOOL OP MEDICINE. 
 
 21 
 
 
 n.Ch.. and E. 'IVicliclinaii, M.ll.C.S.) jtriu-tieally all llii; 
 students, al)()ut lOO in nnniber. are ])rei)aiin,i:' for tlie medical 
 ])r<»tV'ssioii. Thos(t who arc working I'or llu; nrdinaiy diploniii 
 of tlie Colle.u'c of Smyeons and Physicians take; thcii- work in 
 three steps. Diirin.u' their first Winter Session (Winter and 
 S]>rin,<:' Terms) tliey take a course of lectures in Elementary 
 Physiology eond)ined with Practical liistolo.uT. each student 
 mountinti' foi- himself a set of }»rt'}»arations of the elementary 
 tissues of the l)ody. During their first Sumnu'r Session they 
 take .Li'cneral I'raetical Histolo.uy, Chemical Physiology, and 
 Kx|)erimental PhysiolotJT, in which course each studeiic pre- 
 ])ai'es for himself a set of microscope s])eeimens of the tissues 
 in 'general. He is rccpiii-ed to |»erform for himself th(! 
 eliemical tests for the imjtortant constituents of the body, 
 tlie secretions. ^:c. , and is tauiilit the use of sim])le instru- 
 ments of investiu'ation, such as the si)hy,L!in(),L;'ra]»h. Durini^ 
 his second Winter Session he attends a. course of moi'o 
 advanced Pliysiolojry. with (hMuoustrations of methods of 
 investigation and incidental laboratory ])ractice. Students 
 who arc pre)iarin,u- for a hi,i;her (lualification. such as tho 
 M.F). of Pontlon. Kdinburdi. or Purliam. . ■ the F.U.C.S., 
 take also in their second Wintci' Session a Tutorial ("lass iti 
 Advanced Physiolouy. and. after ])assin,i:' their first examina- 
 tion by the Conjoint Board. .See., a class in advanced Practical 
 Physioloiiw. includini:" Hi,L;her Histolo'jv and the nu'thods of 
 histolo.uical research, advanced I'hysioloyical Chemistry with 
 ([uantitative analysis, anrl the methods of ex])eii mental 
 research. Since the value of jjhysiolouical knowledire is in 
 ]»ro]tortion to itsai)))licability to meilicine. .threat care is taken 
 to indicate the application of jihysiolouical disi'overy to 
 nuHJical practice, and students are carefully tauuht those 
 methods of chemical tcstinu" which are found niiist useful for 
 clinical purposes. The Laboratories, of which there art! 
 thi'ce. are well ap))ointed. each student havinir the use 
 of a st'paratc microscope. The apparatus includes the 
 most useful and valual)h! instrunu'nts for tcachin.u'. such as the 
 Pendulum ^Myo'jraph. KiUme's Ai'titicial Kye. i^e. The most 
 approved methods of niici'osco])ic pi'c}»aratit)n are practised, 
 and thus the Instolotrieal spi'cimens .liiven to every student 
 are of exceptionally hi.trli quality. 
 
 The ZooLociicAL Department (i^7;/kv.s7/;'.T. W. P)rid,ue, 
 M.A.: /)fin'iti.str(ihir, C. F. M.Ward) occupies a consideraltle 
 proportion of the first floor on the west side of the Colle.Lj'e. 
 the Museum and laboratory tx-ciijtyinjj' jointly two lai',<i\! 
 
I in; miJMiN(;ii.\.M s( mxii, or .MinnciNK. 
 
 I]' 
 
 riii.iii>. while tlii'ic is the iisiiiil ]»r('|»iii'iitii)ii-ri>(>in t'ur tlu> 
 ii>sisi;iiii . Tiic lecture ('(Hiises in tM-; iH'liiirtiiieiil wliieli 
 li;i\e s|ieciiil reference to tile Fneiiltv of Me<liciiie iire ;i 
 Jiiniiir c(iin>c for candidiites tor tlie I'reliininary Seientilic 
 J"].\aiiiiiiati'ni n\' the riiiversily dl' l/unddU. a middle course 
 <|ualitVinL:' tor the first I'roressioiial Kxamiiiatioii at Kdiii- 
 liiiru'h. and a special course for candidates i'or tlie F. !».(■. S. 
 The l,alioralor_\" is well liuJited. and has aceoniinodatioii \\>v 
 alioiii ;{() students workiiiii' at the same time. Tlie practical 
 Work is <'onducti'd in connection witli tlie various lecture 
 courses. The Museum includes in its collections a I'airly 
 compli'te series of spirit-in«iunted specimens i U list rati n i:' sys- 
 teiiiatii' Zooloi;-y: a series of -keletonsand parts of skeletons, 
 liotli liony and cartila,u'iiiou-. fe.i the student of Comparativi' 
 OsteoloL;-y : and colU'ctioiis of birds" (.'ii'Lis and hirds' skins, 
 and spirit-presi'ived and stuffed fishes. The students niimlter 
 rather more than 40. of whom ahoiil two-ihii'ds are eiiteriiiL;' 
 till' medical profession. 
 
 I'm; Depakimen r oi IJoia.n^ A^'l) N'eci:. aijle 
 rjlY.SloLdfiY {Prof'i'MirAV. Hillhouse. I\[.A . F.I..S.: Dnnoii- 
 .stratin-. \. W. Haines. l5.Sc ) adjoins that of Zoolo,!i'y ami 
 (,'oiiiparative Anatomy, and is eiiteied fi'oiii the west corridor 
 on the first floor. Lecture coiirst's are planned to cover thi' 
 re<|Uirements of the Licneral medical students, of candidates 
 for the dei^'rees if the I'ni versifies of nurhaiii and Kdinl)iir,L;'h. 
 ami of those for flu- I'reliininary Scientific Examination of 
 the rnivci'sity of London. The most important courses, 
 therefore, from the medical standpoint, are. on the one hand, 
 a course of li'ctiires. with demonstrations, can ied on from 
 three to five times weekly during:' the Summer IMedical 
 Session, and es|)i'eially arran,L;'e(l foi' the purposes of the 
 Medical School proper, includin^if. therefore, a study of the 
 most important indiiicnous sind other me(lical plants in tlioir 
 lixiiiu' state: and. on the other han«l. a course of about SO 
 lectures eontiiiue<l throiij:liout the L'olle.Lie year, aii<l accom- 
 j)aiiied l)V systematic work in the Botanical Laboratory, 
 this lattei' coiir.-ii' beiiii.;' inteiifled for stiKh'iits for London 
 and Kdiiibiir.L;ii. Perhaps the most strikin.u' feature in the 
 teacliiii;^' method of this Department is a ,><ysteniati(.' attemjit 
 to strip till' subject of the mass of dry and often iisi'less 
 detail whicli forms such a lara'e pro|»orti(»n of ofdinary 
 bi»tanical lectures. The teacliin,ii' throii^uhoiit is from a 
 ))iolouical .standiioint, and an ei (leavoiir is made to train at 
 the same time the faeiiltii's of observation and of icasoninir 
 
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Illi; I!IK.\IIN(ill.V.\l S(1I(M)L ()!• .MKKKINK. I'lf 
 
 l)_v !i>.>(«'iiitiii,L:' tilt' >tiiil_v III' stiiicliiri' ;iiiil <>( riiiK'linii. nnd 
 loukiii!.'" ii|>nii cjicli III" tlicst' ;is |»i'itviilitiii' l<>;i Ijii'.lit I'Xtci.l ii 
 ki'V to the iitlici-. Tlic I iil)i>r!iti)vy is ii Itniir. luirmw. IdW 
 room, outside the ('ollcji:;' liiiildinu' |ii'o|tcr. Imt nitcrc*! 
 tln'ou^''Ii iron douis. well 1 lilitcd from side iiiid roof, and 
 provi led witli scpaiiitc tiil;ic accouiniodiitioii tor aliout '.'Ai 
 stiidcMts. <'iicli lijiviiii:- M inicK sco|ic. rciiiiciils. and liCiitTal 
 a|»|)lian('(.'s. ru'connisiiiL;' tlu' aWnost indisiicnsaldc cliaractrr 
 oi' till" nii('i'os('o|K' to tlic iiii'diciil man. in ruinnion witli 
 nearly all scientific men, ami that plants |)rovi(le iJie liest 
 of all means foi- tlioiuaLilily masterin.s:- tlie use of this instru- 
 ment, the lalioratorv wofk is of a carefully i^raduated 
 character, and is intended to i:ive not merely a complete 
 insiudit into the use of the micros<'ope as an implement for 
 anatomical rescarcli. l)Ut also into the .u'ciiera! use of micro- 
 chemical rt-ajicnts as an aid to the identification of structure 
 and cell-constituents, iilandular secretions, Mc. There is also 
 the inicleus of a nniseinn collection, includini:' es|)i'cially ii 
 ,L:'(<od sei'ics of tci'atol((,L;'i<'iil jircparations The students in 
 tliu department innnber more than CiO, rather more than half 
 havini;' medicine in view, so that, apart from the medical 
 students from (^)ueen's ColleLi'c. this is the lai'Licst Itotanical 
 scliool in Knuland outside I.oiiilon and the I'nivcrsity of 
 Caml)rid,ffc. 
 
 Although w c are here concei'niiiL;- oursi-lvcs with tlur 
 ^[ason Collcii'e as a constituent part of the I'.irminuhaiu 
 School of ^letlieinc. it is not pos>il>lc t(» avoid a passin,Lr 
 reference to the otiier work which is carrii'd on within itn 
 walls, ^^'ith the cxce])tion of the I'liysioloi^ical department, 
 the ti.!_nires i:iven under eacli hcailiuL:' will shew that the 
 medical students form only a percentage of the whole, and 
 the residue arc pi'ovi<lcd for in part no <l(iulit liy the courses 
 of lectures and lalioratorv work already dctaili-d. hut in i)art 
 also by otlu-r courses as carefully and systematically or,s.;aii- 
 iscfi as those td which reference has alrea<ly been made. 
 And besides tliesi- iJcpartments the ( 'ollei^'c has '• si(U's '" oi- 
 "faculties" devoted both to I.anuuaLic and Literature and 
 to 'I'ccluiics, Thus there is a l)e])artuu'nt of I.ATIX and 
 (iUKlCK {Profcimr. E. A. Sonnenschein. ^I.A ). with 4(t or .'.(> 
 students: a Department of EN(M-I!?H Ii.\N(i 1'A(;k ami 
 T.lTKRATrRE {Pni/csxor, Edward Arber, F.S.A.). with about 
 (50 students: one of FUENCll {Priifcssur, ('. IJevenot). with 
 '»(( : an<l of CJerman ( /'/•o/r.w^orxfii/t vacant), with lO stu- 
 dents. To a laiii'c extent these four Itcpai tment,-«. and 
 
 ^. 
 
24 
 
 rm: Mii{.MiN(iiiA.M school or mkdicin'k. 
 
 ospccinlly tlu' Hist iiiid sci'oiul. carry on systoiiiaf ic work for 
 the cxiimiiiatidiis of tlic University of liOiidon. Tlicii llicrc! 
 is a J)i'|»artiii('iit of Mathematics {Pi'ofi:s.soi\ 11. S. Heath, 
 M.A.. D.Sc: Lectiiirr. A. A. Mntiiner. M.A.), witli about 80 
 students. ]»ai'tly university, partly ti'clmical. pai'tly ,i!'eneral : 
 one of (Jkolo(;v {J*n>/fs.sor. diaries l.apwortli, liL.D., 
 F.RS.. F.O.S.: Ijntioush'ator. T. ('. Cantrill. 15.Se.), with 50 
 students, wiio ha vi' the advantau'e of a iar.L^e and very valuable 
 museum eolleetion : and om- of lv\(;rxi;KUlNU (Pm/tuxor, 
 Robert H. Smith, .M.I.M.K.. A.M.I.C.E. : Demonsfratoi; 
 J. T. Newman. A..M.1.(.'.E.). This Department is of sueh im- 
 ])Oi ♦"nuee, and. owinir to tlie thorough systematisation of it.s 
 stndies. affeets so many otlu'is. tliat a brief reference to it will 
 be vulual)le to visitois to the CoUe.ue. ITavin.iL;- joint use of 
 tlie I'iiysics Lt'cture Theatre, thi' eniiinet'rinu" work is done 
 ])artly in the liasement. partly on the .ui'ound floor. On the 
 latter is a lar^e. airy, and well-appointed Drawin.u' OtHce: 
 on the former, a Workshop. Museum, and Enniine and Boiler 
 House. The eniiine. which is of the inverted marine tyjxr 
 andi.^ compound and suvface-coiidensiniL;'. is elaborately fitted 
 M'ith appliances for complete I'nuine tests of many different 
 kinds, and the iioilei' is siiuilaily fitted. The Workshop 
 contains various machine tools, and machines for testin.L;' 
 materials in tension. coni|)ression, toision, and bendiuL;', as 
 ■well as for measurinji' the frictional ettieit'ncies of parts of 
 nuichinei-y. Other interestin.L:' i-xpei'inu'nts made iiy the 
 students consist in the nu'asui'enieut by special forms of 
 ■dynamometeis of the workinii- forces in various classes of 
 machines. The Museum is foiuid usefid in studyinti' tlu; 
 (lualities and appearances of constructive materials, and 
 contains also numy sami)les of faihp'es — parts of machines, 
 boilers. vVc.. which have conu! to u' . The junior studeids 
 examine week by week the lar.Lie en,L;ineerin<:' woiks in the 
 ]iei,!L;hbourhood. and calculate the |)ower of the eu'^ints and 
 other machines used in tlu'se works. TIk; students runnbcr 
 ai)out 40, 
 
 A i)art of the Colle.t^'c appliances, of which all are 
 ])roud. is its 1-IBKAUY {J/ihmriau. \V. H. C.'ope). Thouuh, 
 like the College itself, not yet ten years old. this Library lias 
 already attained very creditable dimensions. Upwards of 
 20,0CO volumes are now upon its shelves : and thou.ii'h at 
 ])resent unduly cramped in its finances, the additiims avera,tie 
 little slutrt of' 1,(100 volumes ainiually. Mi>re than one half 
 ■of these were i:i\en from time to time by a former President 
 
 f I 
 
THE lUUAriNGHA.M SCHOOL OP .MEmCINi:. 25 
 
 (»f till- ('i»llc'L''e. tlu> liitc TliDiiiiis ri'etiiiiis IIc'sl<)|i. ;\I.I).. for 
 years the loiidiiiu' coiisiiltiiiL:' pliysicinii in tlic Midliimls. u 
 iiiivn ni' |in>r()mi(l siijiiicity niid the mtist lilKTiil jiiid fiir- 
 icacliinjL:' cidtui'c. wliose syin|tiitld('s llowod in a cliaimel 
 wliicli advniiciiiii' ycai's stHMiicd alike tn hiMadcn and to 
 deepi'ti. lA't tlic ciisiial visitor talxedown Ihhii tiic slu'lvcs 
 of the Library l)ooks in any depaitinoMt, wlietlier medicine or 
 history. |iliiloso|iliy oi' pIiilolosjT. ti'avels or ediicatioti. text- 
 l)ook tir serial, and tlii' |)late indifiitinii" tin.' donor will hear 
 witness to the liherality i>otli of iin'nd and purse of Dr. 
 Heslo|). niii'iim' the later years of his life no siuiit was niori! 
 eonmion ihan that i>f Dr. Ileslop drivin.ii' down fi'oni his 
 residence in E<l,i;l)aston with the seats of his carria,iio piled 
 up with hooks, and himself innueised in the stinly of some 
 l)ook-dealer"s catalojL'Ui-. front which lie was cullin,i:' informa- 
 tion as to piices or probable purchases. We have heard a 
 second-hand liooksellei' in l>irmin,uliam say that no one in 
 tlie trade kni'W more accurately tlu' value of a book than 
 l>r. Ileslop did: and the clo.seiiess of his study and reten- 
 liveness of his nund nuuk' this verdict uun-v than jjrobable. 
 His death four years ai^-o deprive<l the L'olle.iic of a most 
 ardent and lil)eral supixirter, and the students of a real 
 friend. The visitor will ntttiee a memorial of him in the 
 form of a very fine and stiikiiiLily accurate Imst, by 
 Williamson, which was provided by the subscriptions of the 
 students and teachinir statt". and occupii's a ]tronnnent ])laee 
 atnonust the books, as, when alive, they occu])ied a jiromi- 
 nent |)hne in his thou.uhts. A .Lilance round the shelves will 
 show that the purchases have been in the main Lioverned by 
 utilitarian priticiples — not the principles of that narrow and 
 restrictt'd utilitarianism which looks ahmc to present value, 
 but with the broader and wiser spirit which looks also to the 
 future and its probable needs (Jo\.'rned by these jirinei- 
 ples. then, the Library is ])ecidiarly rich in serials, hardly 
 any Department (»f the ('olle,L''e work bein,ii" devoid of a eum- 
 ))lete set of its most ini)>oi'tant |)erio<lical publications. For 
 similar reasotis the •'.Ii>iuiials "' and •* 'I'ransaetioiis "" of 
 learned societies ari' al)undantly rejavsented by complete 
 sets. The leit viotit lias Iteeii to e(iui]) the Library with 
 works which are beyond the purcliasin,L!" power of those who 
 will use it. Tlie arrangement adopted is departmental, 
 followin<r, so far as it .u'oes, the ari'an,u:ement of the Collejie 
 teaching'' work, but not stoi)pin.ii' there, so that tlie dejtart- 
 uients of the Library an; at the same time more numerous, 
 and cover a wide]' rantic, than the present work of the 
 
[ 
 
 L'»; llli: 1MI!MI\(;IIA.\I SCMOOI. ol' MKUU'INK. 
 
 ( 'i>lli"jr line-. Tlli> l.ilirilfV is .>|icii tn ;ill .-I I II It'll I. > dlllillU' tlic 
 
 wlmlc time iliiii ilic ( 'nllcLi'c I'liiMiiiL:' itst'lf is ii|t('ii, iiidc- 
 |i('iiil('iit 1\ . tliMt is. lit' wlu'tlici' tcMcliiiit:' work is jLioiiiij: nii (ir 
 lint. Tin- -tiidi'dts iifivc I'lill liltcity til rciiinvt' :iiiy Imnks 
 t'riiMi llic .>iirlvcs. hut MIC (Icsiri'il not ti» rc^piiici,' tlu-in. iiur tn 
 
 i'('iiiii\(' iIh'Iii rnnn tin- Lilii-;HT i iiis tliciiisclvcs ur tlicir 
 
 |(rcciii('i.->. Tlicy jirc imt, tlirrcliirc, ill lilicrtv to \:\kv. tlu-iii 
 lidiiif, iis till' lti)i»k> iiiX' iiiti'iidtd iii;iiiily tor rrt'cfciici'. Km' 
 llic |»iii'|iii-.t' III' >!iiilv. :i riiiisidonihlc iiiiiiilicr of >iii!ill t.ibU's 
 iiic priividcd. .•iiid tlu' fxrciil tn wliicli these ;ire iisiijiliy 
 neeii|iieil i> >t fiki li<j' I'videiice i il' t he ill ility nl' the cnlleel inn 
 In the >iiidfiit-hn;!y. 'I'lie rmressnis. I'nr u Imse use the hulk 
 i4 thu i(nnk> iii'e speeijilly litted. hiive llie liheity nl' hm I'nw - 
 iiiL:' iheiii I'lnni the l-ilir;iiy, ■•iiid in tiiis \v;iy deii\(' iim^t 
 \itliiid»le a>si>t;iuee in their wmk. Nnii-iiieiiihei's of tlie 
 ( 'nllei^'e. whn iife eiiuii.ii'ed in any s|ieeiiil wnrk.ciiii iilsn nhtuiii 
 the privilege nl' iisiiii;' the Lihi'arv Inr ret'ereiiee and stiidv: 
 and tiiniiLili ilio liniitalinii nl' lilirary-spiiei' enni|K'ls tlie 
 ('nimcil tn eaieriilly eniisidiT eaeli a|i|tlieatinn. this •• I'vee 
 list " iiu'liides a veiy ennsiderahle niiiMher nl" names, and the 
 priviii'Lio is hnth well-used and highly valued. 
 
 N'ei'y >linrily aimther nieiiinrial will he added tn the 
 l-ihrary in the rnriii nl' a hiist nl' one nl' the nmst uil'ted 
 lady students this nr any enJleLie has yet |)i'n(hieed. the late 
 Cniistanee < '. W. Nadeii, |ineiess and philnsn|tliei'. wlmst' 
 iiiitiiiU'ly death literaiw and M-ientitie eireles in theAretrn- 
 pnli>. and her many jiersniial I'riend.- and rellnw-studeiits in 
 l^inniiiLrhani. still niniiin This I)usl (hy 'I'yier) is the 
 Li'il't nf Siiru'enii-Ma jni' Ii. I<ewins. M.l)., ^iis^ Naden's 
 literary exeeiitnr. and. at the lime this artiele is written, is 
 nil exhiliitinii in the llnyal Academy. 
 
 Spt'ak in. Li' nf a lady student reminds iis tn (haw atteiit imi 
 tn what is, tn St rani/t'is, perhaps the nmst strikiii;^' fratiire nl" 
 the Masnii t'nlleue. namely. lliat within its wall> male and 
 female students minule mi terms i>\' |)ei'h'et eijiialily.* All 
 the classes and lahoraimies are npeii tn Imth sexes alike : 
 they enmpete tn'jcther fnr all the C'nllep' prizes : in im 
 (h'l'i'ctinii. iiuh'cd. is anythin.ii' restricted tn the separat." use 
 *^f cither sex. cxeeptinLr iho students" commnn rnnms alone. 
 Of these. Lii veil up to the sole use and exclusive cnntrnl of 
 the students, there i.>. a lar^fc and nearlv isolated rnnm at the 
 
 * III certiiin br.'UK'ht's uf Ptiysioloii-y seiKiiMte I'lasso.* are, ;f iH'<'es- 
 >;iry. tomporarily formeil. 
 
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lui; uii:min<jk.\.m s- iiim.i. oi' mkdk ink. 
 
 li;icls dl' llir ( '(illciic I'ltr the list' "!' llic iiU'ii. mimI ii ciimrnrl- 
 iiltlo suite n\' ii|)iiiiim'iits iiiljniiiiii;:' tlu' I,il)r!ii\v fitr ilir liiilv 
 stiMiciits. 'I'hc Miisoii Collc^'c was tin- tii'st iiistitiit inn nt' 
 ini|Mirt!ni('»' in wiiicli tlic cxiicriiiK'nl of mixed ediiejitinii \vii> 
 uivcii ii fair tiM.'il. and the iiitteicst (i|i|i()iient (if the svsti'iii 
 (■aiiimr in this ease dvwy its success. F(»r the first few vear.s 
 tlie I'vi'r aihiiixtiire was. no (hmlit. a smirce of some anxiety 
 III tlidse resi»iinsilile for the ctiiitrdi nf tiie ( 'iilh'U(.. |,i|i tliis 
 sfa.u'e has lieeii Iihil;' nMtyrnwii . To recent ,ii'eiH'rati«in.« nf 
 ,«.tiidents it lias cunie a> a matter nf (■(uii'se, and there «'an lie 
 nil diiiilil whatever that llie mutual iidliieiiec nf the twu 
 .sexes has lieeii fur mihkI : and in no el;iss uf students has this 
 lieeii more nut iceaiile than in tlmse wlm have selected medi- 
 cine fur theii' fuluie career. Whatever hi' inav liecmne .d'ter 
 he units the walls uf the Mason Culleyc. while within tlu-m 
 all the tradiliiiiis uf the phice are ur<lerly. and (ir<lerl_v even 
 the medical student lii'cunu's, |u t he umhiulited advanta.Lie 
 nut merely ^A' liiniM'If. hut n[' all wlm are ciinnceted with 
 hitu. 
 
 Thus far we have dealt with the students lather in their 
 relatiuiis with the several l)e|iartmi'nts ; a few words may 
 now he said as to their relations with the College as a whole. 
 S|ieakin,L:' i'oiiL:'lily. we may say that the Masmi ColIeLi-e now 
 includi's 4">(» day students. Of these approximately 2."iO are 
 what are technically called *• systematic "' students, that is, 
 spend the whole ur the LiTcatcr part of their workini:' time, 
 within the C()lle.iie. and with sonic (h'linite aim in view: and 
 of these, unain. alioiit one-half have the practice of medicinir 
 as their ultimate ohject. More than !()(► of the systematic 
 students arc I'niversity students, that is. have a Univcisity 
 decree in view. Of the remainder a considerahle proportion 
 ar(' technical students. 
 
 The discipline of the Colle^LiC is no douht stricter tlian is 
 the case in mo.-t medi<"al schools pro])erly so called : but 
 here. a<.jain, it is a ipicstion mainly of tradition: uiul althuii^li 
 the reins undoubtedly exist, the liahits of the place make it 
 rarely necessary to show their existi-ncc. As the successive 
 ;^('nerations of students of cour.se jj^ivatly overla]), tlu' new- 
 comers taki' tliei]' tone from their predecessors, and thus is 
 produced a continuity of hahit which renders disciplinary 
 measures iinncces.sary. liiit probably an even more potent 
 factor in the problem is the ])crfect sympathy which exists 
 personally between professors and students. What in the 
 oldei- universities is called ••donnishness" is here unknown. 
 
28 
 
 THE !URMINf}HAA[ SCHOOL 01' .AIEDICINH. 
 
 'I'lic professor is the t'rivii'l and adviser of the student, and 
 in many cases I'eniains r-o litnt:' after tlie student pei'iod is 
 passed. Still another factor is tlie ))resence of ladies in the 
 Colle.tre, not as new-comers, wiiose [)resence may coneeival)ly 
 he hy scMue more or less resented, hut as co-e(pials with their 
 male fellows, and not infrequently the i>(!tter men of the two. 
 
 Ilavini:' a not unimportant lieari-i.^; u])on student-life at 
 the Mason Colle.re ai'e the various C<ille,u'e societies, hy means 
 of which cohesion n'ld friendliness are brduuiit about. First 
 and foremost is the •' Students" Union" — what its name 
 implies, a " union '" of past and present students, who meet 
 tive or six times i i each ti'rm. and. after discussing- a stand- 
 up te:i in one of t'ic larue laboratories, and the private gossip 
 which is associated therewith, hold a meetinu' in one of the 
 lecture' theatres for the jjurjiose of debates, essays, concerts, 
 it hoc fieutiK i)innt\ At these tiatherinus students and pro- 
 fessors meet on perfectly equal tei'ms. to tlieir nuitual proHt 
 in the maintenance tif friendly rela'^ions. Then there are 
 half M (h»zen, or more, nioi'i' oi' less Departmental socii'ties, 
 such as the Chemical. I'hysical. liiolo^ical. and Kn.uineer inn- 
 Societies on the Scientific si(U'. and the French i)el)atin,u-, 
 and German Societies on the Literary side, with the " !'( 'sy 
 Club'" as a common urouiKl upon which all with literary 
 tastes can freely meet : all these societies commenein.e their 
 mectin<;'s with the ortliodox '• stand-up tea." Vaiious ath- 
 letic clubs also are in existence for such purposes as cricket, 
 football, cyelin.ii'. lawn teiniis. and so on. But enouLih has 
 been said ui)r)n this ])oint to show that in tin; Mason < 'olleu'e 
 a systematic attem])t is made to care for the social as well 
 as the ini'ilectual needs of its members, to introduce cohe- 
 sion into the mass, and to afford a connectin<>: tie which 
 shall l)in(l to the Colle.L'-c its ])ast students. 
 
 We will turn now to another brancdi of our sul)ject, viz., 
 the prizes which are offered to the diliyent student. It is 
 ])erhaps to some extent unfortunate that hdxtur should have 
 so constantly to be sweetened by the hope of reward: and 
 many will consider the ('oUeji'c fortunate in that its finances 
 do not a(h)nt of the wholesale bribery which exists in some 
 jtlaces: but -while human nature retains its ])resent coni- 
 positi()n. some prizes must Ik- held out to the ileservin^'. In 
 the Mastm Co'lcj^e these ])rizes are perhaps not .trroat, and 
 reliance is chiefly had upon the quality of the trainin<_'- to l)e 
 obtained within its walls. But besides the annual Dejjait- 
 mental Prizes, awar<lcd in tlu- sessional (3xaniinations. jukI 
 
THE UIKMINGHAM SCHOOL OF MEDICINE. 29 
 
 certiiin special prizes ai](l Sch()larslii|is, eiji'lit open Scholnr- 
 .sV/z/Av are offered yearly, of tlic value of J^25 or £.■}(): nnd as 
 (he cost of an or<i'aiiise(l systtui of instruction in the Colle<re 
 varies froui £15 to £H(>, I'arely attaiuin.u' the latter fijrure, 
 it follows that these Scholarships in all prohability ])ay the 
 entire education hill (includiuL;- l)ooks) of the holders. Two 
 of tlie open Scholarshijjs ott'ered aninially are E'.itrance 
 Scholarshi})s. the subjects of exauiination heinu' any throe of 
 (A) Latin, (ireek, Knulish. French, (Jernian. Malhenuulcs; 
 or of (!>) iMatheniatics, i'hysics. Chemistry. ZooI.),o'y. Botany, 
 riiysio,urai)hy. French r</' Gernuui, 'J'houo-h h-irdly mundane 
 to our subject, it nuist he added that the Colle,t>e also uives 
 free cdiu'ation for three years to a certain nuuilier of stu- 
 dents sent l)y the liirminu'ham School Hoard. Other Scholar- 
 ships exist which are m ; however of an open character, and 
 the Seholai'ships of many of the endowed and other schools 
 of the district arc tena!)le at the ( olle.ue. In connection 
 with the examinations of the Fni versify of London (suhse- 
 ([uent to nuitriculation) there is a system by which everv 
 student who takes first-class honours in any subject ox>ts a 
 |)ri/.e of i:."), and second-class honours one of £h". It is a 
 matter of pride to all interested in the work of the Colleize 
 that the demand f(»r these itri/es is In'isk. In connnon with 
 all other students of snitable standing-. ])ast nu'dical students 
 are eli^'ible to election as Honorary Associates of the Colleu'c. 
 Hesides the distinction, which is hi.Lihly prized by its recipi- 
 ents, this honour confers ci-rtain valual)le rights in connec- 
 tion with till' CoUe.ue liilu-ary. Lectures, and Lal)oratories. 
 At the ])resent tiuu^ (.Inly. I SIX)) the Associates nund)er 'A, 
 of whom 12 are past or })resent medical students. This ]»ro- 
 portion seems at first siu'ht to be somewhat small: but tlic 
 re<:ulations as to the standinu' or seniority of the candidates 
 for the Honorary Associateship ha .', uiitil quite roeentlv, 
 been a .urave stuud)lin,u-block to medical students: biit 
 recent alterations in these re<iulations have ven oved in p'ood 
 tiuR whatnii.uht ultimately have come to be a irrievance. 
 
 The hiji'hest honour the Colle<>e can at present bestow is 
 unipiestionably the Hcxlop Gold Medal. Tliis is awarded 
 annually for tlie l)est thesis, investi.aation, or essay upon 
 some subject.. selected by the candidate, havinji' hearina' upon 
 one of the following' .uroups of subjects, taken in annual 
 rotation, viz.. {a) Lan^uaire, Literature, and Philosophy: (/>») 
 Marhematical and I'hysical Science, including- Metailur<,'v 
 and Kn,irineerinji': and (c) Biolojz'ical and Gcolotrical Science. 
 
w 
 
 H(l 
 
 •IIIK lUU.M INGHAM SCHOOL Ol' MliDICINi;. 
 
 Jt Wiis a iiiatti'i' of \\{) siiijill jiihiliition to tlic iidvocatrs <if 
 tViiialo educat ii)ii that, wlu'ii first ntt'crcd in I8H7 and o]»cii 
 tu all }»ast sttuU'iits of the Collcoe witliout any ivstiictioii as 
 to subject or standing-, tin's ]Modal was carried off, and easily 
 • •arried off. by the late Miss Nadcn. whose bust has already 
 been ri>ferred to as shortly to adorn the l-ibiary. In ineuiory 
 of this pre-eminently j>;it'ted lady another Medal, calli'd t he 
 (\niiiftiiici- yadcii MedtiJ, has just ))een founded by Sur.L''ei>ii- 
 Major licwins. and is o|'.'u for <'o)ni)i'tition foi- the tir>t lime 
 this 3'eai'. 
 
 Such then is tlu- Mason (JoUe^e as it exists in this year of 
 grace. ]S1M,». ami with a short reference to its history, and the 
 history of its inception, we will lu'ing this artieh! to a close. 
 The Cnllege is the nutcctme of that remarkable movement in 
 I'avdur of higher, and especially seientitic cilucation, which 
 characterised especial Iv the vears which immediateh' followed 
 the [»assing of the Ki(;mentary Education Acts in 1870. and 
 upon the lu'cd nf wliidi an abundant side light was thrown 
 at the time l)y the various )eports of the Knduwed Schools 
 ( 'onnidssioners. Its foinider. JosiAJi MAsdN. was more or 
 less known to the world at large in two capacities. In the more 
 important of these, as a steel jien-nuikiT. he was indeed hardly 
 known at all, for though for many yeais by far the largest 
 |)en-maker in the world, the bulk of his pens were stamjted 
 with the name of •• Terry " upon them. Mason l»ring the 
 jiunmfacturer for that world-known dealer. At the present 
 lime !M.ason"s pen works are known oidy as •• I'erry and Co. 
 Limited.'" In his second ca[»acity, that of electro-] (later, 
 Mas()n was no doubt more widely known, for he was the 
 partner (jf the Ijrothers Klkington in that famous firm which 
 hrst nuideelectro-]>]ating practicable ( IS42). which first made 
 electro-plated articles jtopular, an<l which to this day has a 
 repute for (puility and artistic merit farand away l)eyond any 
 of its more nitxlcrn competitors. '!'<» this tiiin, while the 
 Klkingtons apparently l(rought tlii' scicntihc and iiMcntivc 
 al)ility. Mason brought the capital and the l)usiness capacity. 
 
 Born in 171)5. the child of a Kidderminster artisan, a 
 c;n-pet weaver, and taught only at one of those now^ definict 
 institutions, a dame-school, .losiah Mason was in the strictest, 
 sense of the term, a self-nuide num. As his biogra))her and 
 frietid. Mr. .1. Thackray Ihince. says in the oi»eiMng chapter 
 of his "Ufe": — " Me had no advantages of birth, or con- 
 nection, or cflucation. or means. So far as rcgjirded the 
 probability of wealth or of pei'sonal emineiu'c. iit) life could 
 have begu^i in a manner less promising. \W. started, indeed. 
 
 !■ 
 
THE JlIUMIN(niA.M SCHOOL Ol' MEDICINt;. 'M 
 
 mil so luiK'li upon till- lowest Viniiid of llui liiddcr, ;i.< iit, tlic 
 very foot of it. with little cliimee. as it sccincd. of ufettiii;:' so 
 
 t,' 1^ t 
 
 liijrli iis the first round, lie \v;is not even a nu'chanic l)y any 
 
 fonnal trainiutf. fur he was tau<i,ht no traile. and served no 
 
 apprentieeship. was iudueted intt» no *art," or • )nystery * 
 
 of handieraft." He Ijegan his workiji,u' life at the a,i>e of 
 
 c'i^uht, a^ a perii)at(!ti(; salesuum of penny cakes, excliauixin,!::' 
 
 at a later period this oeeujjation for the eciualiy lucrative 
 
 o7ie of a cobbler. The deticieneitis in his education he early 
 
 realised, and by eveninjx and Sunday- readiiiii' aiul lessons he 
 
 oiuleavoured to make them u]). ( 'obblinu- was exchanjied for 
 
 carpentry, this for blacksmith work, this aizain for liouse- 
 
 paintin^', till at the aire of 11' he fell Ijack on his father's 
 
 trade of earpet-weavin^^. These constant ehanues were not 
 
 I however, the outcome of uiitural shiftiessness {Uw in each 
 
 ' and ail lie ai)]»ears to have been a capital workman). l)Ut 
 
 merely the expression of .idesiiv, to use a popular i»hrase, to 
 
 I better himself. At the a,ir(! of 21. lie hd't Kidderminster for 
 
 r.irmin.uham. After for six or seven years workin;,' for aii 
 
 uncle who was eniiiiLied in tlu' ,!^ilt-toy trade. Mason, with an 
 
 accunudate(l fortune of £2(i. iiuuh' his first solid step in life l>y 
 
 I becoming- mana.uer. and shortly afterwards proprietor of some 
 
 J small split -ring vv<trks in Lancaster Street, 13irmiiiu,'hani, on 
 
 the very site where years afterwards his pen works covered 
 
 more than an acre of ,i:-round. From this tinu- his success 
 
 } was assured. Kvery suci'essive st(!p addeil to his reputation 
 
 and to his wealth, and as pen-maker, electro-plater, and 
 
 eiiirineer, he ae<'uniulated year l>y y<'ar a constajitly eiilarL;- 
 
 ini:' fortune. 
 
 Blessed with iio i-hildren. this fortune, well-uij^h to the 
 < uttermost farthini;'. but in another and far finer form, Mason 
 
 ;i returned to the source from whence it came — the public. 
 
 ' •• Conscious that the brain is the true oi'i^in of all material 
 
 wealth, other than that which sjirinys spontaneously from 
 the i)ounty of luiture. hi' devoted a moiety of the results of 
 his lifetiint' of labour to endowinu; this seat for the hiijfher 
 development of the intellect: conscious that the accumula- 
 tion of wealth coustantlv l)rin'4s povertv in its train, he 
 devoted the otlu'r moiety to the foundation and endowment 
 at Erdin,i;ton of those institutions (Orphanai^-e and Alms- 
 houses) tor the relief of phj'sieal distress i)y which, in 
 counnon with this his College. Mason's name will be handed 
 <l<.twn to the love and reverence of a i)osteiity which will 
 
fly 
 
 'T" 
 
 32 
 
 THE BIRMINGHAM SCHOOL OP MEDICIXK. 
 
 know notlrini'' of. and will o.iro nothincr for. his share in the 
 weaknesses of our eonnnon humanity." * 
 
 The serious ineeption of the ])lan of foundiuix a CoUej^e 
 began about the j'ear ] 8(58. and took first the form of a 
 desire to purchase the building oceujiied by the Queen's 
 College. This being impiacticable. as also was one to 
 append the College to the Birmingham and Midland Insti- 
 tute, the foundation of the jjienent sejtarate insrltution was 
 decided u])on. In 1870 the Foundation Deed wns executed, 
 witli two 'i'rustees. Dr. J. (Jibbs lilake and Mr. (J. .[..lohnson. 
 In 1878 four more Trustees were a])pointed. of whom one 
 (mly. viz. Mr. .1. Thackray liunce. is still acting. After 
 these fonnalities were completed, the site and architect were 
 (juickly decided upon. The site, be it mentioned, it was 
 wished should stretch over a broader frontage than it actually 
 occupies, and I'Xtend to the corner nf Congreve Street, now 
 occu])ied by the i[U('ndam Liberal Club i)uildings. and on 
 Febrrary *JHrd, 1S7.'>. his 8(Hh birthday, the foun<lation stone 
 was laid by Sir Josiah Mason himself. The election of tiu; 
 building oceu))ied five years, and on Octobci' 1st. 18S(). in 
 the jiresence of the Founder and with extcr.sive celebrations, 
 the building was openi'd. the Inaugural Ad<lress Ijeing 
 delivered \'i\ Professor Huxlev. and with, in its first Session, 
 the names of ".i.") students upon its books. 
 
 The site of the College which thus was opened consists 
 of about one acic. of wliich oidy half is occupied oy the 
 present buildings. The whole frontage of 50 yards is l)uilt 
 (m, but of the dejjtli of rather more than 100 yards the 
 hinder half is still occui)ied by various buildings, which 
 some day will have todisa])pear for the ]>urpose of extension. 
 As it was opened, the College site cost about £20,000, its 
 buildings i:(I0.(iO0. and its endowment was ap])roximately 
 £110,000, l)iinging in an amuud income of £3,700. Subse- 
 ([uent additions to the buildings have been made for the 
 ]»uipose of the establishment of the I'hysiological Depart- 
 ment and the provisicm of a Botanical Laboratory : and 
 iuereuients to the Endowment Fund have accrued, and will 
 still accrue, whicli it is estimated will i-aise its total to 
 £ir)0,OuO. It opened with four I'rofessors. those of Mathe- 
 matics. I'hysics, Chemistrj'' (since amplified to include 
 jMctallurgy). and Biology ; but in the next Session the 
 
 •Extract from the Inaugural Address to the btmlents, Sessiou 
 1888-9, by the writer. 
 
THE rJIU.MINGHAM SCTIOOL OF Ml!:ni{'IXE. 
 
 •.v,\ 
 
 Cliiiii' tif I'idldiiy wiis (livi(U'(l into those of Zooloj^v niid 
 ])oliiiiy. iiml Cliiiirs of Clivssics, Kn,ulisli. GcMjlo.izy, and 
 Eiiu'iiu'criiip- wore estjil)lislie(l. logotlier witli I.ecturcshiiis 
 (sul)se(iuently altered into I'rofessorships) in French and 
 Cferman. A Cliair of Minin,t;' was estaljlished in 1S84, l)iit. 
 owin.u- to its want of success, was suspended in 1SS9. Thus 
 the whole of the sul)jeets of study specially referred to in 
 the Foundation Deed, with the sole exception of Anatomy, 
 were supi)lied before the College had been oi)ened a cou])'le 
 of years, and no further ehang-e has since been made, with 
 the exce])tion of Minin.u-. referred to. It may serve to illus- 
 trate the senii-uiilitarian views of the Founder if these 
 subjects are .liiven in his own words: " ^latlieniatics. abstract 
 anil applie<l: I'hysics. both matliematical and experimental: 
 Chemistry, theoretical. ])ractical. and applied : tlie Natural 
 Sciences, especially (Jeolofiy and Mineralo.uy. with their 
 application to Metallurjxy: IJotany and Zoolo.uy. with si)ecial 
 application to manufactures; I'hysiolo.L-'y. with special refer- 
 (,'nce to the T^aws of Flealth : the Enji'lish, Fi'ench and 
 CJerman lanii^uages ;" and. by a subsequent deed of enlai'<i'e- 
 ment (1874). also Anatomy and the Greek and Latin 
 lan<iua«j;'es : and. by a still later deed (1881). •' certain other 
 subji'cts not. specitically included in the Foundation Deed, 
 for the purpose of makin««; in the in.stitution established by 
 the said Deed of Foundation provision for the systematic 
 instruction of students of mcdicim and surt^ery."' The 
 Trustees are however empowered tc add from time to time 
 to these snbjects, always providing that purely theological 
 questions and those of party politics arc to l)e rigidly 
 excluded. An interesting point of comparison with the 
 foundation of the Queen's College, as modified by the intiu- 
 ence of Dr. Warneford. is provided by the declaration that 
 it shall be a fundamental condition of the institution that no 
 religious test shall be ai)iilied to any member of the staff, 
 teaching or otherwise, and that no theological opinions shall 
 1)0 a disqualiiication By the terms of the Deed. also, the 
 Trustees are empowered at the end of each term of fifteen 
 years to reorganise the educational work of the College, so 
 that, with certain fundamental reservations, their jjowers 
 arc practically uidinn"lcd. They Avould, for instance, bo 
 acting (juitc within their lawful powers were they to organ- 
 ise within the walls of an enlarged Mason College a complete 
 IModical Si-hool. Comphiint has often been nuule of '■ the 
 fetters of a dead man's will:*' here there are no fetters, 
 unless anyone is eccentric enough to consider the cxclusicni 
 
34 
 
 THI': lUUMINailAM SCHOOL OF MEDICINI:: 
 
 of i]ienl()<ry to he ,1 ''fetter."' Possibly, though, tliciv arc 
 one or two coiulitions whieh. if not exactly '' fettci's.'' at 
 least act disadvantageously. One is a clause exchulin;,' all 
 clerfi-y, of whatever dcnonunation. from the ,yovcruin<i' body 
 of the (Jolle,L:e: and another, restrictinu- the Trustees to a 
 nundu'r which is .Lienerally considered inadequate, not for 
 the purpose of 'i'rusteeship. but for their functions, as here- 
 after noted, as a Council. 
 
 'I'he proi)erty of the CoUe.o^c is vested in eleven 'irustees. 
 ])resided ovei' l)y an annually elected l>ailitt' : six bein.i;' 
 aj»pointed by the Fonndei'. aiw vacancies beinLT lilled l)y co- 
 opting : five appointed by the Town Council. Nine of these 
 Trustees form the Council, their chairman beini; the President. 
 i.e. the Bailiff under another nanu'. .and with tlilfereuL 
 functions, and by them the .Li'cneral niana.i^a'UU'Ut of thc 
 Collejre is carried on. The Professors constitute a Senate, 
 and have, subject in everyihin.u' to the eonlirmation of tlu' 
 Council, .U'cneral control of the education and discipline of 
 the students. Until recently the Professors constituted a 
 I'epublic. electin.u' theii' own [)residin,u' chairman : now the 
 Collcji'e has a Principal, who, rj^-officio, is chairnum of tlu' 
 Senati". It may be interestinu'. ])(M'ha|)s, to record tlu' chanires 
 whicli have taken ])lace in the jx'r.soucl of head of tlic 
 Colle<:'e. Until his death in June 1881, Sii' .Tosiah ^l.-ison 
 was himself B.ailiff : since then the .successive I'ailitVs have 
 been Dr..I.Gibbs Blake (2 vears) : Mr. Richard ('hainl)crlain. 
 M.P. : Dr T. P. Hesloj) (l!\ years) : :\Ir. J. Thackrav Puncc. 
 J.P. (li years) : Mr. William M.ithcw.^. M.A. : Ur Blake (re- 
 elected) : and ^Ir. Lawson T;ut. 'I'lic othcc of Pivsidi'Ut of 
 the Council was instituted durinu' the ret^inu' of lU'. Heslop. 
 Originally known as '• Sir . Tosiah ]Mason"s Science Collc<i-c."" 
 by (k'cdof Fel>ruary 2:-ird. 1S8I, the title was shortened to the 
 ••Mason Scieiu-e Colle.u'c."" but the title in c-onnnon use foi- 
 other than otticial i)ur])0.ses is thai which heads this ai'ticle. 
 
 Since its oi)cnin,i:', less than ten years a.t;d, the progress of 
 the College has been almost i»henomenal. Were the whole 
 of the Medical School of Queen's College anuilm.agatctl with 
 it, the total number of day students woidd be little inferior 
 to that of the old and far wealthier foundation of \\\v Owens 
 College, Manchester, with the Medical School which it in- 
 cludes. What its future may be no one can foretell ; but, 
 .H'ated in the midst of a great, thriving, and intelligent com- 
 munity. wh(t can doul>t its inllucnce upon the cflucatioual 
 future of ihc .Alidlands.' The time may come, and probidily 
 
THE BIRMINGHAM SCHOOL OP MEDICINE. 35 
 
 will, when tlio Midlnnds will (IcuimikI, and will obtain, n 
 central university ol' tlieii'owu : but. wlietliei this tinieconies 
 ((!• not. the fortunes of the I'.iruiin.Lihain School of ^lediciiK^ 
 are safe from any n'currence of those reverses which have 
 marked their earlier history, and in those fortunes, whate.er 
 they may be. the IMason CoUe.iii' will have its full share. 
 
 Tliose wlio wish to know what Sir .losiah IMason has done, 
 will tind an answer in these pa.iz'es: do they wish to know what 
 he was likt'. two ])orti'ait ])aintiii,u\s of him exist, one in the xVrt 
 Oallery, and tlie other in the Council Koom of the (,'olle]L>'e, 
 while ill front of the ('olle,u:e l)uildin<ij is a seated statue of 
 ('xcellent (imilily : iln tlu'y wish to know what his desires 
 were f«»r the peopli' whose benelit he sou^'ht. they will Hiid 
 their answer in his own declaration that, thou.irh himself 
 childless, he mi.Li'ht. "in tlH> students of his (.'olle;^v. leave 
 behind him an intelli,i:vnt. earnest, industrious, and truth- 
 lovhi^r an<l triith-st'eking i»roj:eny for generations to conic.'' 
 
 Pi'intfil l>y H;d] \' Eni^lisli. 71, Hii,'li Stveoi, Birmiiii,Miam. 
 
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