<>. IMAGE EVALUATION TEST TARGET (MT-S) If // z ^ ^ 1.0 I.I 1.25 1^128 |2.5 |50 *~" IWI SE ^ US, 12.0 12.2 U ill 1.6 V] ^> « A^ :\ V \ ^ ^ (meaning CONTINUED"), or the symbol V (meaning "END"), whichever applies. Un des symboles suivants apparaitra sur la der- niire image de cheque microifiche, selon le cas: le symbole — ► signifie "A SUIVRE", le symbole V signifie "FIN". The original copy was borrowed from, and filmed with, the kind consent of the following institution: Morisset Library University of Ottawa L'exemplaire film6 fut reproduit grAce d la g6n6rosit6 de I'dtablissement prdteur suivant : Bibiiothdque MorisMt University d'Ottawa Maps or plates too large to be entirely included in one exposure are filmed beginning in the upper left hand corner, left to right and top to bottom, as many frames as required. The following diagrams illustrate the method: Les cartes ou les planches trop grandes pour dtre reproduites en un seul clichd sont filmdes d partir de Tangle supdrieure gauche, de gaurhe d droite et de haut en bas, en prenant le nombre d'images ndcessaire. Le diagramme suivant illustre la mithode : 1 2 3 1 2 3 4 5 6 ELEMENTS ov ENGLISH ETYMOLOGY FOR THE USE OF , Public anb 3§tgh Srhaols, JAMES W. CONNOR, B. A., (EX-SCHOLAR UNIVERSITY OF TORONTO) HEAD MASTER OF BERLIN HIGH SCHOOL. ^nilgax'Htli feg ^6-^ gSCiuiatjer oi 6b^Mati0». TORONTO 1 WILLIAM WARWICK. 1879. ( ^IB!110TH£GA rv " a vie n /*...T„^o\8, t» . . Entered according to the Act of Parliament of Canada in the year one thousand eight hundred and seventy-nine, by THE MINISTER OP EDUCATION FOR ONTARIO, In the Office of the Minister of Agriculture. PRINTBD AND STBRBOTYPRD BY THE GLOBB PRINTING 00l« TORONTO. PREFACE As this little work will be found to differ in many points from others on the same subject, it may not be out of place to illustrate here the difference between modern Etymological procedure and the crude, though ingenious, guess work that it is fast superseding. We will give a single example. An eminent writer on literature identifies as with German es^ (it) ; and this plausible-enough conjecture is adopted by many without proof, or, apparently, any thought that proof ts needed. But a very little research will show us that as ui^ed to be ealswa, also, passing through the intermediate form als,* while the only letter as and es have in common, is in the latter a mere inflective ending, as also in das^ was, answering in fact to the t of itf that, what. Thus modern Etymology is a comparative and historical science, establishing great "laws," or statements of sequence, by reference to which we can determine whether any particular deri- vation is correct or not. Accfdingly, throughout this book, as far as space allows, wherever a derivation given is not self-evi- dent, either an intermediate form is added, some par- allel instance given, or reference made to the laws of change set forth and illustrated in §§ 6 and 7 of * And vrith them als (also) were tarettes (heavy ships) two.— Minot. At Hampton als (as) I undei'stand, ) Come th«g«yla^'e» unto land. —Ia. ir. PREFACE. Chapter I. In Chapters III. and IV. words from different languages, but of the same ultimate origin, are grouped together so as at once to aid the memory, and to give prominence to the great fact that English and the languages from which it has borrowed most, were originally dialects of the same tongue. Special attention has been paid to the derivations of native English words ; and it may be well to state here that the term Anglo-Saxon has been purposely avoided, its use being found to obscure in the minds of pupils the substantial identity of our language amid all its changes. ^ ^ Chapter II. has been so arranged as to furnish, in connection with Chapter I. (omitting small type, and articles 58-69), a course suited to fifth class pupils in our Public Schools. "Whatever repetition this in- volves in later chapters will be found anything but disadvantageous. The materials for this work ^ave been drawn chiefly from Curtius' Greek Etymology, Fick's Compara- tive Dictionary, Corssen's Vocalism,