Ct 35703 EK,v.g/f
THE AQUEDUCT, QUEBEC.
SEPTEMBER 1885,
The length of the old 18ineh cast iron main from the foun-
tain head at Lorette to Mount Pleasant is 40,800 ft. (71 miles).
For a small portion of its length (700 ft. which dip below the %
bed of the St. Charles under a head of 48(5 ft. or 209 lbs. pressure '^■
to the square inch) its thickness is 1 1 inches.
Its thickness generally along the low levels is 1^ inches, de-
creasing to I of an inch at Lorette and to one inch at Mt. Pleasant
where the head is 251 ft ; while the height of this point above high
spring tide level of the River St. Lawrence is 235 feet, (together
486 feet).
The whole City was formerly supplied over this level ; thus
taking the water up hill and then down again to the lower levels.
The supply from the old pipe by this mode was some 2i million
gallons, and it was fed intermittently to the higher wards over the
summit level, along Grande-AUt^e, at 324 feet above base or under a
162 ft. head ; the lower wards having to be shut off during the in-
terval.
A 14 inch branch pipe has lately been introduced at the foot of
aqueduct hill, wliereby the water from the old main now passes
direct into the lower wards of the City : Jac.-Cartier, St. Roch andSt.
Peter, through Arago street ; thus" increasing the supply to some 3^
million gallons. The remaining portion of the 18 main up aqueduct
hill to Mt. Pleasant is not done away with ; so that should an acci-
dent to the new main require it, the flow through the old main, by
turning it off at Arago St., may stilly be utilized to do duty ar; for-
merly on the upper levels. ,.
"^Paralled with the old main a new one of increased diameter
(30 inches) has just boon laid from the same fountain hea*! at Lo-
rette to Mt. Pleasant, where it divides into a 14inch main down
John St. to and through the ward of the same name, supplying
also Palace ward and passing down Mou itain hill to Champlain
ward ; while an 18 inch pipe passes up d .Salaberry St., and over
the Grande AUde into Montcalm and St. Lewis wards.
The 30"new main from Lorette passes over the river St. Charles
through an iron tubular bridge having a wooden lining within it
and an 18 inch air space between the two to guard against frost.
A loop line of the old main also runs through this tubular bridge,
side by side with and paralled to the larger main, as an additional
precaution in case of an accident to the pipe under the bed of the
river.
The ame precaution has been observed at the river Des Mferes
where, wnile the old pipe also passes under the bed of the river, a
loop line thereof, together withthe new 30 " main pass side by side
over the river through an iron tubular structure similarly protected
from frost by an inner tube of wood and an air space between the
two.
The new main is l^ inches thick, of cast iron, along the lower
levels, 460 ft. below the fountain head at Lorette and diminishes to
an inch at Mt. Pleasant level and to f of an inch thick at Lorette.
Along the line at distances of about a mile apart there are a
series of air valves and wells which have to be attented to each
time the water, after being run out for purposes of repairs, etc., is let
on again. Those air valves also act as bufters to relieve the new main
from the effects of water hammer which invariably occurs with
greater or less effect when turning off the column of water in mo-
tion for the purposes already alluded to.
The new and old mains running as stated, side by side,along the
same right of way (33 ft. in width) the same wells have been utilized
with the addition of an underground pocket to each of them to
contain and allow free access to the stop gates and air cocks.
Our works are somewhat interesting to Engineers, instructive
and suggestive on account of the exceptional head of 48G ft. giv-
ing nse to a static pressure of 208 lbs. to the square inch when the
water is turned off and quiescent in the pipes, while the dynamic
pressure varies of course with the velocity of delivery, and is subject
to great variations according as, in case of accident, the gates are shut
with more or less activity under the pressing influence of an excited,
alarmed and imthinking public ; which is invariably tlie case at
tires.
-3—
The annexed tables of pressures at different elevations and
through varying lengths of small sized pipes with the corresponding
jets for fire purposes througli 50 ft. of 3 inch canvass hose and a 1|"
nozzle, must prove of interest to all, and I am encouraged in this be-
lief by the verj'- flattering testimonial as contained in the last pub-
lished volume of the transactions of the American water-works
Association, that a paper by myself, read before the association in
April last, bearing on the subject of our water-works, is alluded to
as among the most valuable ones received.
It is necessary to remark for the mental relief of underwriters,
that througli the jet pressures in the lower-town are at a minimum
while feeding around by the long and circuitous route of St. Paul
St. they can be immediately benetitetl in case of fire by the opening of
a few stop gates whereby the more direct pressure from the upper
wards can be brought to bear.as atDambourgesSt., Sous-le-Fort St.
and Mountain hill.
The same can not however be said of the remote portions of
Champlain Ward at Cap-Blanc, and of St. Rochs Ward at the Pion
Factory, at the woolen factory, at ]\Iignier's and Rochette's factories
and at the corner of Prince Edwardand St. Roch Streets.
This defect which it would have been so much less costly to
have prevented from the first by the employment of pipes of larger
bore and the cutting up of the smaller pipes into lesser ]engths,must
now be cured as proposed be me in my report of 1881 by laying
intersecting mains of an increased diameter from Arago Street down
Caron and Dorchester, as well down Grant or Dominique Streets to
Prince Edward Street.
The 4 inch pipe in Jacques-Cartier Street should be taken up
and the C inch one at Panet St. continued to the woolen factory. The
4 inch main at Cap Blanc should also be replaced by a 6 inch one
or still better, as already suggested by me in 1881, supplement the
want of pressure in that locality by a loop line across and down
the cove field to Champlain Street from the head of Desalaberry St.
The insufficient fire pressure at the Rubber factory in St. Paul St.
and its vicinity must be supplemented as I have already reported
to the W. W. Cte. and City Council, by a relief main of 6 " bore
through St. Charles St. from St. Valier St. to join the 8 inch pipe
in St. Paul St. at St. Thomas Street.
The lip of the dam at Lorette has still to be raised by an ad-
ditional course of heavy cut stone masonry in hydraulic cement,
which will cost some $3,500 or by a wooden flash board of solid oak
or elm timber at a cost of say $2,500, which is the preferable on
account of its allowing of a groove and second flash-board to impound
the waters of the river during the cold and dry months of winter,
the wooden substructure allowing of more easily fitting and retain-
ing the second growth by the facility of securing it to the solid oak
or elm beneath.
,, ,■''■■''"'■','
The greatest enemy now to be dreadecl and which it is peremp-
tory immediately to guard against, is the constantly increasing flow
of sand into the aqueduct from the subsiding reservoir at Lorette.
Many a time already have I dwelt on the necessity of not de-
ferring the construction of a sand bar or silt arrester which it is
strange, was not thought of some *35 years ago when the old main
was laid.
This can no longer be put off as the increased suction of the
new main — nearly tlirce times the capacity of the old one — bids fair
to fill up and destroy the whole system at an early date, if the cons-
truction of the proposed apparatus and superposed strainer or
filter be any longer postponed.
Relating to this subject of a filter for our works, the recent re-
solution of the City Council to invite competition plans therefor,
again forcibly illustrates the proverb first propounded by the Sa-
viour when asked to preach in Gallilee, that "no man is a prophet
in his own country. " Invite competition if you will, but let it be
understood that the competing parties shall visit Lorette and see for
themselves as I do not intend again to devote my midnight hours
to preparing data for the host of unfledged engineers who will be
doubtless, ready to respond to the call, in the hope of securing the
first, second or third premium to be offered for what may be
rightly or wrongly considered the best scheme.
Already have I been put to immense trouble in preparing quires
of written data and information for an outside report on our new
main, which turned out to be of absolute uselessness though it has
or will cost the City some $1500 ; in preparing plans, estimates,
specifications etc., of an addition to our City- Hall and new Recorders
Court, which bids fair never to be carried into execution ; with mul-
tifarious other schemes for various City improvements, requiring
10 hours daily labour ; without being again saddled with a lot of
useless work. I know more about the requirements of our aqueduct
than any outsider possibly can, and if the Corporation wishes to
repeat the folly of paying strangers,to not do, or wrongly do what
~5^
is required, as in the case of our harbour works which alrear iy tost
over a million of dollars and will likely cost much more, for an
enclosure so small that an ocean steamer will not be able co turn
about within it ; while I proposed, at no additional cost, to take in
a much vaster proportion of our immense estuary of the St.
Charles ; if we are content and will continue to be with importing
engineers to do what we better understand ourselves as in the
case of the Levis Graving dock, undertaken to be built for $400,000
but which now costs $775,000 and will cost a million before it is
completed, and all through this mistaken sentiment that men from
foreign ports understand our climate, our requirements better than
we do ourselves ; if, I say, another repetition of this is required, I
myself while protesting against it in the interest of the City, shall
heartly concur in any scheme which will relieve me of the addi-
tional labor.
'Signed)
CHS. BAILLAIRGfi
City Engr. X- Engr. Few W .W.
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