Ct 35703 EK,v.g/f 
 
 THE AQUEDUCT, QUEBEC. 
 
 SEPTEMBER 1885, 
 
 The length of the old 18ineh cast iron main from the foun- 
 tain head at Lorette to Mount Pleasant is 40,800 ft. (71 miles). 
 
 For a small portion of its length (700 ft. which dip below the % 
 bed of the St. Charles under a head of 48(5 ft. or 209 lbs. pressure '^■ 
 to the square inch) its thickness is 1 1 inches. 
 
 Its thickness generally along the low levels is 1^ inches, de- 
 creasing to I of an inch at Lorette and to one inch at Mt. Pleasant 
 where the head is 251 ft ; while the height of this point above high 
 spring tide level of the River St. Lawrence is 235 feet, (together 
 486 feet). 
 
 The whole City was formerly supplied over this level ; thus 
 taking the water up hill and then down again to the lower levels. 
 The supply from the old pipe by this mode was some 2i million 
 gallons, and it was fed intermittently to the higher wards over the 
 summit level, along Grande-AUt^e, at 324 feet above base or under a 
 162 ft. head ; the lower wards having to be shut off during the in- 
 terval. 
 
 A 14 inch branch pipe has lately been introduced at the foot of 
 aqueduct hill, wliereby the water from the old main now passes 
 direct into the lower wards of the City : Jac.-Cartier, St. Roch andSt. 
 Peter, through Arago street ; thus" increasing the supply to some 3^ 
 million gallons. The remaining portion of the 18 main up aqueduct 
 hill to Mt. Pleasant is not done away with ; so that should an acci- 
 dent to the new main require it, the flow through the old main, by 
 turning it off at Arago St., may stilly be utilized to do duty ar; for- 
 merly on the upper levels. ,. 
 
 "^Paralled with the old main a new one of increased diameter 
 (30 inches) has just boon laid from the same fountain hea*! at Lo- 
 
rette to Mt. Pleasant, where it divides into a 14inch main down 
 John St. to and through the ward of the same name, supplying 
 also Palace ward and passing down Mou itain hill to Champlain 
 ward ; while an 18 inch pipe passes up d .Salaberry St., and over 
 the Grande AUde into Montcalm and St. Lewis wards. 
 
 The 30"new main from Lorette passes over the river St. Charles 
 through an iron tubular bridge having a wooden lining within it 
 and an 18 inch air space between the two to guard against frost. 
 A loop line of the old main also runs through this tubular bridge, 
 side by side with and paralled to the larger main, as an additional 
 precaution in case of an accident to the pipe under the bed of the 
 river. 
 
 The ame precaution has been observed at the river Des Mferes 
 where, wnile the old pipe also passes under the bed of the river, a 
 loop line thereof, together withthe new 30 " main pass side by side 
 over the river through an iron tubular structure similarly protected 
 from frost by an inner tube of wood and an air space between the 
 two. 
 
 The new main is l^ inches thick, of cast iron, along the lower 
 levels, 460 ft. below the fountain head at Lorette and diminishes to 
 an inch at Mt. Pleasant level and to f of an inch thick at Lorette. 
 
 Along the line at distances of about a mile apart there are a 
 series of air valves and wells which have to be attented to each 
 time the water, after being run out for purposes of repairs, etc., is let 
 on again. Those air valves also act as bufters to relieve the new main 
 from the effects of water hammer which invariably occurs with 
 greater or less effect when turning off the column of water in mo- 
 tion for the purposes already alluded to. 
 
 The new and old mains running as stated, side by side,along the 
 same right of way (33 ft. in width) the same wells have been utilized 
 with the addition of an underground pocket to each of them to 
 contain and allow free access to the stop gates and air cocks. 
 
 Our works are somewhat interesting to Engineers, instructive 
 and suggestive on account of the exceptional head of 48G ft. giv- 
 ing nse to a static pressure of 208 lbs. to the square inch when the 
 water is turned off and quiescent in the pipes, while the dynamic 
 pressure varies of course with the velocity of delivery, and is subject 
 to great variations according as, in case of accident, the gates are shut 
 with more or less activity under the pressing influence of an excited, 
 alarmed and imthinking public ; which is invariably tlie case at 
 tires. 
 
-3— 
 
 The annexed tables of pressures at different elevations and 
 through varying lengths of small sized pipes with the corresponding 
 jets for fire purposes througli 50 ft. of 3 inch canvass hose and a 1|" 
 nozzle, must prove of interest to all, and I am encouraged in this be- 
 lief by the verj'- flattering testimonial as contained in the last pub- 
 lished volume of the transactions of the American water-works 
 Association, that a paper by myself, read before the association in 
 April last, bearing on the subject of our water-works, is alluded to 
 as among the most valuable ones received. 
 
 It is necessary to remark for the mental relief of underwriters, 
 that througli the jet pressures in the lower-town are at a minimum 
 while feeding around by the long and circuitous route of St. Paul 
 St. they can be immediately benetitetl in case of fire by the opening of 
 a few stop gates whereby the more direct pressure from the upper 
 wards can be brought to bear.as atDambourgesSt., Sous-le-Fort St. 
 and Mountain hill. 
 
 The same can not however be said of the remote portions of 
 Champlain Ward at Cap-Blanc, and of St. Rochs Ward at the Pion 
 Factory, at the woolen factory, at ]\Iignier's and Rochette's factories 
 and at the corner of Prince Edwardand St. Roch Streets. 
 
 This defect which it would have been so much less costly to 
 have prevented from the first by the employment of pipes of larger 
 bore and the cutting up of the smaller pipes into lesser ]engths,must 
 now be cured as proposed be me in my report of 1881 by laying 
 intersecting mains of an increased diameter from Arago Street down 
 Caron and Dorchester, as well down Grant or Dominique Streets to 
 Prince Edward Street. 
 
 The 4 inch pipe in Jacques-Cartier Street should be taken up 
 and the C inch one at Panet St. continued to the woolen factory. The 
 4 inch main at Cap Blanc should also be replaced by a 6 inch one 
 or still better, as already suggested by me in 1881, supplement the 
 want of pressure in that locality by a loop line across and down 
 the cove field to Champlain Street from the head of Desalaberry St. 
 The insufficient fire pressure at the Rubber factory in St. Paul St. 
 and its vicinity must be supplemented as I have already reported 
 to the W. W. Cte. and City Council, by a relief main of 6 " bore 
 through St. Charles St. from St. Valier St. to join the 8 inch pipe 
 in St. Paul St. at St. Thomas Street. 
 
 The lip of the dam at Lorette has still to be raised by an ad- 
 ditional course of heavy cut stone masonry in hydraulic cement, 
 which will cost some $3,500 or by a wooden flash board of solid oak 
 
or elm timber at a cost of say $2,500, which is the preferable on 
 account of its allowing of a groove and second flash-board to impound 
 the waters of the river during the cold and dry months of winter, 
 the wooden substructure allowing of more easily fitting and retain- 
 ing the second growth by the facility of securing it to the solid oak 
 or elm beneath. 
 ,, ,■''■■''"'■',' 
 
 The greatest enemy now to be dreadecl and which it is peremp- 
 tory immediately to guard against, is the constantly increasing flow 
 of sand into the aqueduct from the subsiding reservoir at Lorette. 
 
 Many a time already have I dwelt on the necessity of not de- 
 ferring the construction of a sand bar or silt arrester which it is 
 strange, was not thought of some *35 years ago when the old main 
 was laid. 
 
 This can no longer be put off as the increased suction of the 
 new main — nearly tlirce times the capacity of the old one — bids fair 
 to fill up and destroy the whole system at an early date, if the cons- 
 truction of the proposed apparatus and superposed strainer or 
 filter be any longer postponed. 
 
 Relating to this subject of a filter for our works, the recent re- 
 solution of the City Council to invite competition plans therefor, 
 again forcibly illustrates the proverb first propounded by the Sa- 
 viour when asked to preach in Gallilee, that "no man is a prophet 
 in his own country. " Invite competition if you will, but let it be 
 understood that the competing parties shall visit Lorette and see for 
 themselves as I do not intend again to devote my midnight hours 
 to preparing data for the host of unfledged engineers who will be 
 doubtless, ready to respond to the call, in the hope of securing the 
 first, second or third premium to be offered for what may be 
 rightly or wrongly considered the best scheme. 
 
 Already have I been put to immense trouble in preparing quires 
 of written data and information for an outside report on our new 
 main, which turned out to be of absolute uselessness though it has 
 or will cost the City some $1500 ; in preparing plans, estimates, 
 specifications etc., of an addition to our City- Hall and new Recorders 
 Court, which bids fair never to be carried into execution ; with mul- 
 tifarious other schemes for various City improvements, requiring 
 10 hours daily labour ; without being again saddled with a lot of 
 useless work. I know more about the requirements of our aqueduct 
 than any outsider possibly can, and if the Corporation wishes to 
 repeat the folly of paying strangers,to not do, or wrongly do what 
 
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 is required, as in the case of our harbour works which alrear iy tost 
 over a million of dollars and will likely cost much more, for an 
 enclosure so small that an ocean steamer will not be able co turn 
 about within it ; while I proposed, at no additional cost, to take in 
 a much vaster proportion of our immense estuary of the St. 
 Charles ; if we are content and will continue to be with importing 
 engineers to do what we better understand ourselves as in the 
 case of the Levis Graving dock, undertaken to be built for $400,000 
 but which now costs $775,000 and will cost a million before it is 
 completed, and all through this mistaken sentiment that men from 
 foreign ports understand our climate, our requirements better than 
 we do ourselves ; if, I say, another repetition of this is required, I 
 myself while protesting against it in the interest of the City, shall 
 heartly concur in any scheme which will relieve me of the addi- 
 tional labor. 
 
 'Signed) 
 
 CHS. BAILLAIRGfi 
 
 City Engr. X- Engr. Few W .W. 
 
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