■> IMAGE EVALUATION TEST TARGET (MT-3) 1.0 SfBi 1^ itt JIM 12.2 I.I St |£° 12.0 I II& 6" Fhotographic ScMices CorporatiQn ^. V <«^ 13 WKT MAM STMIT WnSTIR.N.Y. I45W (7l*)Sn-490S 4^ \ CIHM/ICMH Microfiche Series. CIHM/ICMH Collection de microfiches. Ctnwltan Iratltuw foi HIMorical MIerorapcoduetlora / IratMut caiwdim d* mlcroraptoductlom hhtoriquM Tachnical and Bibliographic Notaa/Notaa tachniquas at bibliographiquas Tha Instituta has attamptad to obtain tha bast original copy availabia for filming. Faaturas of this copy which may ba bibliographically unlqua, which may altar any of tha imagaa in tha raproduction. or which may significantly changa tha usual mathod of filming, ara chackad balow. D Colourad covars/ Couvartura da coulaur r~1 Covars damagad/ D Couvartura andommag^a Covars rastorad and/or laminatad/ Couvartura rastaurte at/ou pallicuMa I — I Covar titia missing/ La titra da couvartura manqua I I Colourad maps/ D Cartas g^ographiquas an coulaur Colourad inic (i.a. othar than blua or blacic)/ Encra da coulaur (i.a. autra qua blaua ou noira) I I Colourad platas and/or illustrations/ D Planchas at/ou illustrations an coulaur Bound with othar matarial/ RaliA avac d'autras documants |~T| Tight binding may causa shadows or distortion D D along intarior margin/ La ro liura sarrAa paut causar da I'ombra ou da la distortion la long da la marga IntAriaura Blank laavas addad during rastoration may appaar within tha taxt. Whanavar poaalbia, thasa hava baan omittad from filming/ II sa paut qua cartainas pagas blanchas aJoutAas lors d'una rastaur tion apparaissant dans la taxta, mais. lorsqua cala Atait possibia, cas pagas n'ont pas At4 fiimias. Additional commants:/ Commantairas supplAmantairas: Th to L'Instltut a microfilm* la maillaur axamplaira qu'il lui a At* possibia da sa procurar. Las details da cat axamplaira qui sont paut-Atra unlqua.; du point da vua bibliographiqua, qui pauvant modlf iar una imaga raproduita, ou qui (tauvant axigar una modification dans la m*thoda normaia da f ilmaga sont indiquAs ci-dassous. I — I Colourad pagas, D Pagaa da coulaur Pagas damagad/ Pagas andommag*as Pagas rastorad and/oi Pagas rastaur*as at/ou palliculias Pagas discolourad. stainad or foxai Pagas d*color*as, tachat*as ou piquAas Pagas dat^chad/ Pagas d*tach*as Showthrough> Transparanca Quality of prlr Qualit* in*gala da I'imprassion Includas supplamantary matarii Comprand du material supplAmantaira Only adition availabia/ Sauia MItion disponibia r~n Pagas damagad/ I — I Pagas rastorad and/or laminatad/ rr^ Pagas discolourad. stainad or foxad/ rn Pagas dat^chad/ FT] Showthrough/ I I Quality of print varias/ r~n Includas supplamantary matarial/ I — I Only adition availabia/ Pagas wholly or partially obscurad by arrata slips, tissuas, ate. hava baan rafllmad to ansura tha baat isossibla imaga/ Las pagas totaiamant ou partiallamant obscurcias par un fauillat d'arrata. una palura. ate. ont *t* film*as i nouvaau da fa^on A obtanir la maillaura imaga possibia. Th po of fill Or ba thi slo oti fin sio or Th< shi TIK Ma dm an« bn rigr raqi mat This itam is filmad at tha raduction ratio chackad balow/ Ca documant ast film* au taux da r*duction indiqu* cl-daaaous. 10X 14X 18X 22X 26X 30X J 3 12X IfX aDx MX 2tX 32X TIm copy fUmad her* hM lM«n r«produc«d thank* to th« gMMTOtlty of: Library of th* Public Archivaa of Canada L'axamplaira f iim4 f ut raproduit grica A la gAnAroaltA da: La bibliotMqua daa Archivaa publiquat du Canada Tha imagaa appaaring hara ara tha baat quality poaaibia conaidaring tha condition and lagibillty of tha original copy and in kaaping with tha fllming contract apacif icationa. Laa imagaa auhranta* ont AtA raproduitaa avac la plua grand soin, compta tanu da la condition at da la nattat* da ranampiaira film*, at an conformM avac laa condition* du contrat da filmaga. Original copiaa In printad papar covara ara fllmad baginning with tha front covar and anding on tha laat paga with a printad or llluatratad impraa- *lon, or tha back covar whan appropriata. All othar original copiaa ara fllntad baginning on tha firat paga with a printad or llluatratad Impraa- aion. and anding on tha laat paga with a printad or llluatratad Impraaalon. Tha laat racordad frama on aach microficha ahaH contain tha aymbol — ^-(moaning "CON- TINUED"), or tha aymbol y (moaning "END"), whichavar appllaa. Laa axamplairaa originaux dont la couvortura an papiar aat ImprimAa aont filmA* an commanpant par la pramlar plat at an tarmlnant aoit par la darnMra paga qui comporta una amprainta d'Impraaalon ou d'illuatration, aoit par la aacond plat, aalon la caa. Toua laa autraa axamplairaa originaux aont f llmte an commanpant par la pramlAra paga qui comporta una amprainta d'Impraaalon ou d'illuatration at an tarmlnant par la damlAra paga qui comporta una talia amprainta. Un daa aymbolaa suivanta apparattra *ur la darnMra imaga da chaqua microficha. aalon la caa: la aymbola -^ algnlfia "A SUIVRE ", la aymbola ▼ algnlfia "FIN". Mapa. plataa, charta. ate., may ba fllmad at diffarant raductlon ratioa. Thoaa too larga to ba antlraly includad in ona axpoaura ara fllmad iMginning in tha uppar laft hand comar. laft to right and top to bottom, aa many framaa aa raquirad. Tha following diagrama illuatrata tha mathod: Laa cartaa. planchaa. tablaaux. ate. pauvant Atra filmte A daa taux da reduction diffiranta. Loraqua la document aat trop grand pour Atra raproduit an un aaul cllchA. 11 aat film* A partir da I'angla aupArlaur gaucha. da gaucha A droita, at da haut an baa. an pranant la nombra d'Imagaa nAcaaaaira. Laa diagrammaa auivant* illu*tr*nt la mAthoda. 1 2 3 aix 1 2 3 4 5 6 E 1 PRINTED THE STATISTICAL EAR-BOOK OF CANADA ^ FOR 1889. FIFTH YEAR OF ISSUE PUBLISHED BT THE OEPABTICENT OF AOBICULTVEE s OTTAWA: PRINTED BY BROWN CHAMBERLIN, PRINTER TO THE QUEEN'S MOST EXCELLENT MAJESTY. 1890. [Prelimii [Chapter do do do do do do ^ do Dcft^ ■ do Hfi ■ ^^ do do do do Append! Index to Append! Index ... TABLE OF CONTENTS PAGE. [Preliminary Bemarks 1 |Chapter I. Constitution and Government 30 do II. Population and Vital Statistics 72 do III. Finance 101 do IV. ' Trade and Commerce 150 do V. Post Office and Telegraphs 239 do VI. Agriculture 262 do VII. Mineral Statistics 293 do VIII. Mercantile Marine and Fisheries 318 do IX. Bail ways and Canals 346 do X. Social and other Statistics — Beligion ..... 385 Education 388 Law and Crime 409 Charitable Institutions. . . 431 Canada Temperance Act 435 Patents and Copyrights 441 do XI. Banks and Savings Banks 445 do XII. Dominion Lands 462 do XIII. Militia and Mounted Police 469 do XIV. Insurance 476 Appendix A 493 Index to Tariff and Table of Imports 529 Appendix B 555 Index 561 ij ] ] ] 1882 J I read ERRATA Par. 262. For $109,616 read "$1,109,616." Par. 269. For 6.71 read " 6.55." Par. 273. Omit "With the exception of the years 1882 and 1883 " and for " in any year " read •* in five years only " For $21.66 and 98 read " $21.61 and 93 " Par. 279. For 32 p.c. read "43 p.c." and for 28 p.c. and 21 p c road " 24 p.c. and 14 p.c. respectively." INTRODUCTION. ( : The present issue of the Statistical Year Book (formerly called the Statistical Abstract and Record) is the fifth since the commencement of the work, and contains, as usual, all the leading tables of former issues brought down to the end of *he fiscal or calendar year, according to circumstances. Considerable additions have also been made to almost every chapter, and it is believed that a larger amount of general information has been given. The publication of the book was delayed by the protracted Session, and the unusually heavy amount of Parliamentary printing, and consequently information has in many cases,, been brought down to the date of Slst May, 1890. In consequence of general elections recently held in the Pro- vinces of Ontario, Quebec, Nova Scotia and British Columbia, considerable changes, made too late for insertion, have taken place in the personnel both of the Governments and of the Legislatures of those Provinces. During the Session of 1890 a large number of alterations were made in the Tarifif, which will be found in an appendix, time not having yet allowed of the conversion of the whole Tariff, as revised, into alphabetical form. VIII INTRODUCTION. Tlio figurcH of tho area of Cutmda, as given in thiH issue, arc the latest estimate maer, Compiler of the Year Book, Department of Agriculture. Department of Agriculture, Ottawa, June, 1890. Do >n of da. nof iune ada. ical ' ^68* \. Population on 4th April. Ykar. Persons. 1868. 1869. 1S70. 1871 1872 1873. 1874. 1875 1876. 1877. 1878. 1879. 1880. 1881. 1883. 1883. 1884. 1885, 1886. 1887. 1888. 1889. •3,485,761 MaleH. 1,764,311 ♦4,334,810 i 3,188,778 I Immi- gration. Females. 1,721,450 2,13(>,032 50,050 39.373 27,382 25,633 27,082 29,807 40,492 38,505 47,9{)1 112,458 133,(524 103,824 79,169 69,152 84,526 88,7(J« 91,(}00 Revenue. I 13,«W7,928 14,379,174 15,512,225 19,335,5«K) 20,714,813 20,813, 4JJ9 24,205,092 24,648,715 22,587,587 22,059,274 22,375,011 22,517,382 23,307,40() 29,(>35,297 33,383,455 35,75M,649 31,861,961 32,7{>7,001 33,177,040 35,754,993 35,908,463 38,782,870 Exijenditure 9 13,486,092 14.038,084 14,345,509 15,623,081 17,589,468 19,174,647 23,316,316 23,713,071 24,488,372 23,519,301 23,503,158 24,455,381 24,850,634 25,502,554 27,067,103 28,730,167 31,107,706 35,037,060 39,011,612 36,667,4 321,279 412,318 404,282 441,761 •17,3a5,818 P08 No. of Post Offices. Numl of Lette *21,8i>9,lSl 3,638 3,756 3,820 3,943 4,135 4,518 4,706 4,892 6,015 5,161 5,378 5,r)06 5,773 5,9.^5 6,171 6,395 6,837 7,084 7,295 7,534 7,671 li7,838 18, IOC 21,92C 24,50( t27,05C t30,r)0<) t34,578 t39,3'»8 t42,00(] 41,80C 41,51(] 44,00(1 43,90(] 45,80C 48,17(1 f)(),20(l 62,8(K1 (i6,100 (i8,40€ 71,000 74,300 80,20(1 92,()(W * Census. f Including iKMt cards. :t Three months, to 30th Juno, 1868. list November, 1889. ** The tigur STATISTICAL SUMMARY OF THE DOMINION OF CANADA, FROM 1st JUL^ Land in ultivtttion. Postage. Shipping. Vessels Built. Vessels Rkoisterei). Impokth. Export No. of Ptwt Offices. Number of Letters. Number of NewHi)ai)trrt. Inwards. • Outwards. No. Tons. No. Tons. Total Value. Value Entered for Consumption. Total Vii V^'ssels. Tons. Vessels. Tons. 3,638 3,756 3,820 3,943 4,135 4,518 4,70(J 4,892 5,015 5,161 6,378 5,606 5,773 5,935 6,171 6,395 6,837 7,084 7,2S>6 7,534 7,671 li7,838 18,100,000 21,920,000 24,500,000 +27,050,000 +30,600,000 +34,579,000 +39,3")8,.500 +42,000,000 41,800,000 41,510,000 44,000,000 43,1W0,000 45,800,000 48,170,000 «'», 200,000 62,800,000 , 100,000 (W, 400, 000 71,000,000 74,300,000 80,200,000 92,(J()8,000 18,860,000 18,700,000 20,150,000 22,250,000 24,400,000 25,480,000 29,000,000 31,300,000 38,.'^49,000 39,000,000 39,73<>.41'2 42.379,086 45,120,062 48,689,0(W 50,845,000 53,139,26() 55, 989, .5.32 .58,681,798 61,O<>4,0(;4 64,246,32<) 6<>,798,.591 70,259,8r)«; x,038 it,654 ;i,5*]7 10,353 10,358 11,089 !),282 7,881 S,414 S,808 S,836 S,57C '•,307 10,442 I0,(i38 ! 10,781 11, KM) 10,639 10,(503 1 1:5,203 ; iri,675 I 11,156 1 2,104,009 2,459,083 2,608,519 2,.521,.573 2,989,793 3,032,746 3,077,987 2,521,134 2,t>72,459 3,295,987 3,341,465 3,049,521 3,487,735 4,0.32,946 3,93.3,1,52 4,004,a57 4,250,665 3,800,664 4,02(5,415 4,236,7(55 4,623,506 4,611,392 7,978 9,597 8,948 9,575 9,898 10,508 8,4V1 7,724 8,349 8,962 8,680 8,425 9,063 10,320 10,500 10,727 11,183 10,553 10,768 12,947 15,132 14,389 2,215,312 2,537,482 2,476,a54 2,594,460 2,956,911 3,052,789 2,973,374 2,808,074 2,938,305 3,348,835 3,342,919 3,039,029 3,298,979 4,071,391 4,003,410 3,{)68,420 4,233,(53(5 3,843,951 4,018,1.56 4,12.5,671 4,574,297 4,685,209 355 335 329 .389 414 416 486 489 .578 508 382 303 297 314 311 3(56 a58 287 208 197 231 258 87,230 96,439 93,16(5 10(5,101 114,065 140,370 174,404 188,098 165,041 127,297 106,976 103,551 68,756 79,364 68,240 73, .576 70,287 57,486 37,631 26,798 22,698 23,839 539 526 495 540 563 506 580 632 651 572 452 400 363 373 402 432 4(53 353 276 297 310 318 113,692 125,408 110,8.52 121,724 127,371 1.52,226 163,016 204,002 144,422 126,1(50 100,089 94,882 64,962 70,210 78,076 78,229 80,822 (55,9(52 40,872 67,662 33,298 31,998 73,469,644 70,415,165 74,814,339 !)6,092,971 111,430,527 128,011,281 128,213,582 123,070,283 93,210,346 !t9,327,962 93,081,787 81,964,427 86,489,747 105,330,840 . 119,419,.500 132,254,022 116,397,043 108,941,486 104,424,661 112,892,236 110,894,630 115,224,931 71,985,306 67,402,170 71,237,603 86,947,482 107,709,116 127,514,594 127,404,109 119,618,657 94,733,218 96,300,483 91,199,.577 80,341,608 71,782,349 91,611,604 112,(548,927 123,137,019 108,180,644 102,710,019 99,602,694 105,639,428 102,847,100 109,673,447 $ .57,5(57, 60,474, 73,57,3, 74,173, 82,(539, 89,789, 89,351, 77,88(5,1 80,96(5,- 75,875,; 79,323,t 71,491,i 87,911,- 98, 290, > 102,137,i 98,085,! 91,40(5,- 89,238,; 17,335,818 21,899,181 ■' 8,5,251,: 89, 515, H 90,20;i.(J 89,189,1 1 . r, 1889. ** 1 rhe figures foi • tiiis column are being revised by tl te Depart uifcnt of the '. nterior • V OF THE DOMINION OF CANADA, FROM 1st JULY, 1807, TO 30th JUNE, 1889. Vksskls Built. VK8SELS RK(iI8TERED. Imports. Exports. Public Debt. Government Expenimt s. No. Tons. No. Tons. Total Value. Value Entered for Consumption. Total Value. Gross Debt. Assets. ' Net Debt. Railways. Canals. — 1 UH. ' « 9 9 $ $ $ $ 9 15,312 355 87,230 539 113,692 73,459,644 71,985,306 57,567,888 %,896,666 21,139,531 75,767,135 483,353 128,965 37,482 335 9(>,439 526 125,408 70,415,165 67,402,170 60,474,781 112,361,998 36,502,679 75,869,319 282,615 126,953 7(5,354 329 93,166 405 110,852 74,814,339 71,237,603 73,573,490 115,993,706 37,783,964 78,209,742 1,729,381 105,688 f)4,460 389 106,101 540 121,724 96,092,971 86,947,482 74,173,618 115,492,682 37,786,165 77,7W>,617 2,946,930 133,872 5«,911 414 114,065 563 127,371 111,430,527 107,709,116 82,639,663 122,400,179 40,213,107 82,187,072 5,620,569 290,073 )2,789 416 140,370 506 152,226 128,011,281 127,514,594 89,789,922 129,743,432 29,8^4,970 99,848,4(52 5,763,268 383,916 r3,374 486 174,404 580 163,016 128,213,582 127,404,169 89,351,928 141,163,551 32,838,586 108,324,965 3,925,123 1,240,628 )8,074 489 188,098 632 204,002 123,070,283 119,618,657 77,886,979 151,663,401 35,655,023 116,008,378 5,018,427 1,715,309 J8,305 578 165,041 651 144,422 93,210,346 94,733,218 80,966,435 161,204,687 36,653,173 124,551,514 4,497,434 2,389,644 18.835 508 127,297 572 126,160 99,327,962 96,300,483 75,875,393 174,675,834 41,440,525 133,235,309 3,209,502 4,131,396 12,919 382 106,976 452 100,089 93,081,787 91,199,577 79,323,667 174,957,268 34,595,199 140,362,069 2,643j741 3,843,338 $9,029 303 103,551 400 94,882 81,%4,427 80,341,608 71,491,255 179,483,871 36,493,683 142,990,188 2,507,053 3,064,098 >8,979 297 68,756 363 64,962 86,489,747 71,782,349 87,911,458 194,634,440 42,182,852 152,451,58S 6,109,699 2,123,366 1,391 314 79,364 373 70,210 105,330,840 91,611,604 98,290,823 199,861,537 44,465,757 155,395,780 5,677,236 2,100,242 )3,410 311 68,240 402 78,076 . 119,419,500 112,648,927 102,137,203 205,365,251 51,703,601 153,661,650 6,17(5,832 1,670,268 »8,420 366 73,576 432 78,229 132,254,022 123,137,019 98,085,804 202,169,104 43,692,389 158,466,715 11,707,619 1,857,546 3,636 358 70,287 463 80,822 116,397,043 108,180,644 91,406,496 242,482,416 60,320,565 182,161,851 14,134,933 1,666,350 3,951 287 57,486 353 65,962 108,941,486 102,710,019 89,238,3(51 264,703,607 68,295,915 196,407,692 11,241,976 1,572,918 8,156 208 37,531 276 40,872 104,424,561 99,602,694 85,251,314 273,164,341 60,005,234 223,159,107 4,480,833 1,333,422 15,671 197 26,798 297 67,662 112,892,236 105,639,428 89,515,811 273,187,626 45,872,851 227,314,775 3,270,433 1,783,(598 4,297 231 22,698 310 33,298 110,894,630 102,847,100 90,203,000 284,513,842 49,982,483 234,531,35.S 3,094,043 1,188,302 5,209 258 23,839 318 31,998 115,224,931 109,673,447 89,189,167 287,722,062 60,192,021 237,530,041 3,601,279 1,145,988 bf the Interior. Government Expenditure on Railways. f 483,353 282,615 1,729,381 2,946,930 5,620,569 5,763,268 3,925,123 5,018,427 4,497,434 3,209,502 2,643j741 2,507,053 6,109,599 5,577,236 6,176,832 11,707,619 14,134,933 11,241,975 4,480,833 3,270,433 3,0?)4,043 3,501,279 Canals. 128,965 126,953 105,588 133,872 290,073 383,916 1,240,628 1,715,309 2,389,544 4,131,396 3,843,338 3,064,098 2,123,366 2,100,242 1,670,268 1,857,545 1,665,350 1,572,918 1,333,422 1,783,698 1,188,302 1,145,988 Other Public Works. 200,589 173,481 257,784 659,388 1,11)9,521 1,253,867 1,665,929 1,715,009 2,003,098 1,277,004 882,616 752,540 740,J)23 1,071,337 1,086,283 1,552,716 2,664,786 2,239,262 569,236 2,555,519 2,672,295 3,271,077 iAILWAYS. Miles in Operation. 4,826^ 5,157i 5,574i 6,143i 6,484i 6,891i 7,260 7,530 8,726 9,575 10,150 10,697 11,691 12,163 12,628 Train Mileage. 17,680,168 18,103,628 19,450,813 19,669,447 20,731,689 22,427,449 27,301,306 27,846,411 30,072,910 29,758,676 30,(J23,689 30,481,088 33,638,748 37,391,206 38,819,380 Earnings. 19,470,539 19,358,084 18,742,053 20,520,078 19,925,066 23,561,447 27,987,509 29,027,790 33,244,585 33,421,705 32,227,469 33,385,269 38,842,010 42,151,153 42,149,615 Chartehei) Banks. Paid up Capital. 30,289,048 30,981,074 32,050,597 36,415,210 45,134,709 55,102,959 60,443,445 t>3,3«)7,687 67,190,051 03,923,156 ()3, 387,034 64,159,427 ,.0,584,789 59,384,987 58,739,980 «>1,404,554 61,443,397 61,821,158 61,841,395 60,^15,356 (»0, 168, 010 60,236,451 Assets. 77,872,257 83,-56.5,027 102,147,293 121,014,395 151,772,876 168,519,746 188,417,005 184,441,108 184,421,514 174,375,603 175,473,086 170,446,074 181,741,074 198,967,278 229,271,064 226,803,491 223,855,601 217,264,655 228,422,353 229,241,464 244,975,223 255,765,631 Liabilities. 43,722,647 48,380,967 66,230,393 77,486,706 94,224,644 98,2J)6,677 117,656,218 101,371,845 101,686,717 95,004,254 95,641,008 93,375,749 108,833,271 125,063,546 153,001,994 145,296,836 140,973,233 138,510,300 147.547,682 149,413,632 166,344,852 175,062,257 Post Office Savings Banks. No. :8i 213 226 230 235 239 266 268 279 287 295 297 297 304 308 330 343 355 392 415 433 463 Number of Depositors. 2,102 7,212 12,178 17,153 21,059 23,526 24,968 24,294 24,415 24,074 25,535 27,445 31,365 39,605 51,463 61,059 66,682 73,322 80,870 90,159 101,693 113,123 Balances, 30th June. $ 204 588 856,814 1,588,848 2,497,259 3,096,500 3,207,051 3,204,965 2,926,090 2,740,952 2,639,937 2,754,484 3,105,190 3,945,669 6,208,226 9,473,661 11,976,237 13,245,552 15,090,540 17,159,372 19,497,750 20,(MJ9,033 23,011,422 VIII _i,-3 THE STATISTICAL YEAR-BOOK. OF . C ^ IST ^ D A. FOR 1889. Preliminary Remarks. 1. The Dominion of Canada has an area of about 3,379,000 'Thepo ' ' minion t* square miles, or, including its water surface, 3,519,000 square Canada, miles, is about 3,600 miles from east to west and 1,400 miles from north to south, and consists of the Provinces of Ontario and Quebec (formerly Upper and Lower Canada), Nova Scotia, New Brunswick, Manitoba, British Columbia, Prince Edward Island and the North- West Territories (which latter contain the vast territory formerly under the control of the Hudson's Bay Company). It, therefore, comprises the whole of the north- em half of North America, with the exception of the United States Territory of Alaska on the west, and Labrador, which is under the control of the Government of Newfoundland, on the east. It is bounded on the north by the Arctic Ocean, on the west by the Territory of Alaska and the Pacific Ocean, on the south by the United States and on the east by the Atlantic Ocean. 2. The origin of the word Canada is obscure, but the derivation Origin of now generally accepted is that from an Indian word, " Kanna- * cfanada. tha," meaning a village or collection of huts, and it is supposed that Jacques Cartier hearing this word used by the Indians with reference to their settlements, mistook its meaning, and applied it to the whole country. 3. The principal physical features of Canada are the Rocky physical Mountains and the Laurentian Range, the plains of the North- *®**"'^«- "West Territories and the great inland lakes. ! Ill STATISTICAL YEAR-BOOK. The great lakes. Other principal lakes. Moun- tains 4. The great inland lakes, which are five in number and are remarkable for their size, form a complete system of navi- gation from the head of Lake Superior to the Atlantic Ocean, a distance of 2,384 miles. Lake Superior is connected with Lake Huron by the Ste. Marie River and the Sault Ste. Marie Canal. Lake Huron flows into Lake St. Clair by the St Clair River, and Lake St. Clair into Lake Erie by the Detroit River. Lake Erie flows into Lake Ontario by the Niagara River, four- teen miles from the mouth of which are the renowned Niagara Falls, 1 60 feet in height. The two lakes are connected for the purposes of navigation by the "Welland Canal. The St. Law- rence River, flowing out of Lake Ontario into the Gulf of St. Lawrence, forms the outlet of this system. Further particulars of these lakes are given subsequently under the heading of canals. 5. The other principal lakes are — in Ontario, the Lake of the "Woods (1,500 square miles). Lakes Nepigon, Nipissing and Simcoe, and the Muskoka Lakes — Muskoka, Rosseau, Joseph and the Lake of Bays. In Quebec, Lake T^miscamingue, which is on the borders of Ontario and Quebec, Lake St. John, Grand Lake and Lake Mistassini ; and in the Terri- tories and Manitoba, Lake Great Bear (10,000 square miles), Great Slave (12,000 square miles), Athabasca (3,000 square miles). Winnipeg, 280 miles long, 57 miles broad, 650 feet above the sea, and an area of 8,500 square miles ; Winnipegosis, 120 miles long, 17 miles broad, 700 feet above the sea, and an area of 1,936 square miles, and Manitoba, length 120 miles, breadth 16 miles, elevation above sea 670 feet, and area 1,900 square miles. ,^, , 6. The principal mountains are the Rocky Mountains in the west, which extend from the Arctic Ocean to the United States, and contain the highest points in the Dominion, among the chief being Mount Hooker, 16,760 feet, Mount Brown, 16,000 feet, and Mount Murchison, 15,700 feet, while there a re, several PRELIMINARY REMARKS. 8 others of nearly the same height. The Canadian Pacific Rail- way crosses this range through the Kicking Horse Pass at an altitude of 5,300 feet ahove the sea. West of the Rocky Moun- tains, and between them and the Pacific Ocean, are the Cas- cade Mountains, which follow the coast from the Fraser River to Alaska, and in some places are as high as 10,000 feet. The other ranges of any size are, the Laurentian range,which extends from Labrador along the north of the St. Lawrence, and is up- wards of 2,000 miles in length, the Notre Dame Mountains in Quebec, on the south shore of the St. Lawrence, and the North and South Mountains and the Cobequid Mountains in Nova Scotia. 7. The principal rivers are, in the Territories and Manitoba, Rivers, the Mackenzie River, over 2,400 miles in length, the Copper Mine and Great Fish Rivers, which flow into the Arctic Ocean ; the Saskatchewan, Assiniboine and Red Rivers, which flow into Lake Winnipeg, and the Churchill, Severn and Albany Rivers, which flow into Hudson's Bay. In Ontario and Quebec the St. Lawrence, with its tributaries the Ottawa, St. Maurice, Richelieu and Saguenay. In New Brunswick the St. John, Restigouche and Miramichi Rivers ; and in British Columbia, the Fraser River, which flows into the Gulf of Georgia ; the Peace River, which rises in that Province and flows into the Mackenzie River, and the Columbia River, over 1,200 miles in length, which flows through the United States into the Pacific Ocean. 8. The coast line of Canada is very much broken, and contains Gulfs and several large gulfs, bays and inlets, besides innumerable smaller ^^' ones. On the east the principal indents are the Gulf of St. Lawrence, the Bay of Fundy and Bay of Chaleurs ; on the north, Hudson's Bay, which is really a large inland sea, being 1,000 miles long and 600 miles wide, with an area of 350,000 square miles ; Baflin's Bay, the Gulf of Boothia, and Melville and Lancaster Sounds ; and on the west the Strait of Juan de Fuca, the Gulf of Georgia and Queen Charlotte Sound. M J I Islands. Physical features, Eastern Canada. Physical features, North- western Canada. STATISTICAL YBAR-BOOK. 9. The largest islands on the west are Vancouver and Queen Charlotte Islands, the former of which is about 300 miles in length, has an area of about 20,000 square miles and contains Victoria, the capital of British Columbia ; and on the east, Prince Edward Island, which forms the Province of that name ; Cape Breton, which is part of the Province of Nova Scotia, being separated from the mainland by the Gut of Canso, and Anticosti, in the Gulf of St. Lawrence, on which the Dominion Govern- ment have important signal and wrecking stations. A great network of islands, the limits of which have not been well defined, extends along the entire north coast of Canada. It is known generally as the Arctic Archipelago. 10. The area of Canada being so great, its general physical features and its soil and climate naturally vary very much in character. The whole of the eastern part of Canada, from the Atlantic to the north-west boundaries of Ontario, was for- merly one vast forest, and is still in many places very heavily wooded, the production of timber in various forms being one of the principal industries in Ontario, Quebec, Nova Scotia and New Brunswick, and it is calculated that the timber wealth of the northern parts of Ontario and Quebec, in spite of the heavy inroads annually made, is sufficient to meet the demand for very many years. Underlying this forest when cleared, the soil has been found of great richness and admirably adapted for agriculture of all kinds. 11. Between the northern boundary of Ontario and the Rocky Mountains lie the Province of Manitoba and the southern part of the North-West Territories. This great tract of land is remarkable for its division along lines running generally north-west and south-east, into three distinct prairie steppes, or plateaux, as they are generally called. The first of these is known as the Red River Valley and Lake Winnipeg Plateau. The width at the boundary line is about 52 miles, and the average height about 800 feet above the sea ; at the boundary line the height is about 1 ,000 feet. This first plateau lies entirely PRELIMINARY REMARKS. within the Province of Manitoba, and is estimated to contain about 7,000 square miles of the best wheat-growing land on the continent, or in the world. The second plateau or steppe has an average altitude of 1,600 feet, having a width of about 250 miles on the national boundary line, and an area of about 105,000 square miles. The rich, undulating, park-like country lies in this region, This section is especially favourable for settlement, and includes the Assiniboine and Qu'Appelle dis- tricts. The third plateau or steppe begins on the boundary line at the 104th meridian, where it has an elevation of about 2,000 feet, and extends west for 465 miles to the foot of the Kocky Mountains, where it has an altitude of about 4,200 feet, mak- ing an average height above the sea of about 3,000 feet. Gen- erally speaking, the first two steppes are those which are most favourable for agriculture, and the third for grazing. Settle- ment is proceeding in the first two at a very rapid rate ; and in the third plateau it is beginning, numerous and prosperous cattle ranches and homesteads having been established. 12. The northern part of the centre of the Dominion, extend- Physical ing from the Rocky Mountains to Hudson's Bay, is very exten- the*E' sively wooded, and has generally been considered for the most ^^^^ part unfit for settlement, and only useful as a preserve for fur- bearing animals. But during the Session of Parliament of 1888 a committee of the Senate held an investigation into the capabilities of these regions, the result being that all previous ideas have been upset. The area inquired into was about 1,260,000 square miles, and of these it was estimated 860,000 square miles were fit for settlement and about 400,000 square miles useless for cultivation ; 656,000 square miles were suit- able for potatoes, 407,000 square miles for barley and 316,000 square miles for wheat. There is a river navigation of about 2,750 miles, 1,390 miles being suitable for stern-wheel steamers and 1,860 miles for light draught sea-going steamers. There are large auriferous deposits, as well as silver, iron, graphite, ochre, brick and pottery clay, mica, gypsum, lime and sand- I I it 6 STATISTICAL YEAR-BOOK. «tone, " while the petroleum area is so extensive as to justify the belief that eventually it will supply the larger part of this continent." Furs are at present the chief commercial products of this region, which is the last great fur preserve of the world, and in view of the great danger of the extinction of animals whose furs become fashionable, it was suggested by the com- mittee that fur districts should be leased by the Government, and a limitation placed on the catch of certain kinds of furs. The lakes and rivers abound in fish, especially whitefish and lake trout. The committee pointed out that the valuable whale fisheries of the northern coasts of Canada were being rapidly destroyed by foreign whalers, and suggested that the Govern- ment should adopt some measures for their protection. The climate of this region in some places resembles that of Western Ontario. Fur trade, 13. Somc idea of the size and importance of the fur trade may Bay Com- be obtained from the following figures of the receipts of furs ^*"^' at the Hudson's Bay Company's warehouse, in Montreal, dur- ing the last three years. The figures have been kindly fur- nished by the manager in Montreal : — •. ■ ■. Number of SkinH. Kind of Furs. 1887. 1888. 1889. Bear Beaver 1,399 22,848 1,197 66!> 2,655 19,264 10,002 81,103 2,768 228 24 1,528 22,174 1,120 756 3,830 18,986 7.757 74,572 2,550 420 21 2,037 18,787 Fither Fox Lynx Marten Mink 1,377 1,150 4,107 16,708 6,420 Mtisquash 55,285 Otter 3,010 478 27 Skunk Wolverine Total 142,157 133,714 109,386 There has been, it will be seen, a steady falling ofli" iu the num- ber of skins, though the three years aggregate a total of PRELIMINARY REMARKS. justify of this •oducts world, mimals le com- nment, of furs, sh and e whale rapidly 3overn- i. Tho iVestern ide may of furs pal, dur- dly fur- 188!). 2,037 18,787 1,377 1,160 4,107 16,708 G,420 65,286 3,010 478 27 109,38« ;he num- total of 385,257 skins, and it seems evident that some such course ae that suggested by the committee of the Senate is, if feasible, highly desirable, if the principal fur-bearing animals are to bo Baved from gradual extinction. 14. The Province of British Columbia occupies the mountain- Physical «)us or hilly region that extends to the Pacific Ocean from the British 6o- western edge of the great plain or prairie country lying east of "'"'"*• the Rocky Mountains. The general surface of the country is mountainous and broken, consisting of short ranges, detached groups of mountains, elevated plateaux and many valleys of various extent. An apparently inexhaustible supply offish, I timber and minerals of unknown value are the principal natural [sources of its wealth, but the climate is delightful and extremely (favourable for rapid growth, and agriculture is making rapid [strides. 15. There is probably more misconception about the climate Climate, of Canada generally than about that of any other known country, the idea still prevailing among large numbers in Europe and elsewhere, that the land is one of perpetual winter and usually covered with snow. In reality the climate of Canada is dry, healthy and invigorating, and owing to the great area of the country, extending over 20 degrees of latitude, or from the latitude of Constantinople to the North Pole, has a wide range of temperature. The extreme dryness of the atmosphere, how- ever, makes both cold and heat less acutely felt than the read- ings of the thermometer would lead people to expect. In the Maritime 'Provinces the climate somewhat resembles that of the British Isles ; in Ontario, Quebec and Manitoba the sum- mers are warm and the winters cold, but th^ cold is pleasant and bracing, and the snow that generally covers the ground during the winter is of the greatest benefit alike to the farmer, the lumberman and the merchant. In the North-West Terri- tories cattle graze at large all through the winter months ; and \on the Pacific slope, west of the Rocky Mountains, the climate If 8 STATISTICAL TEAR-BOOK. Average HVattUIlH. Advant- ag[e of cold winters. !| is milder than in any othop part of the Dominion, and consid- ered by the inhabitants as unsurpassed in the world. 16. Instead of the perpetual winter so much talked about, the facts are, that the average winter is about four and n-hiill' months, and though the spring may begin two or three weekb later than ir. England the conditions for rapid growth — warm sunshine and rain — are so favourable that the crops of the two countries are about equally advanced by the middle of July, and as during the last few years the country has become better known, it is beginning to be understood that, though the winters are at times severe, they are healthy and enjoyable, while the summer weather is not surpassed in the inosi favoured parts of Europe. That the climate is superior to thai of England is admitted by all who have experienced both. 17. As evidence, however, that the cold winters are not only not disagreeable or unhealthy, but on the contrary are health- ful and invigorating and almost necessary to the well-being of the people, the following extracts, which refer to the mild winters of 1888-89 and 1889-90, are given, taken from two independent sources, and representing two different sections of country. The Wesfcrn World, published in "Winnipeg (March, 1890), says : *' The cold is one of the first objections " made. But that has its own advantages, and the last winter, " which was an exceptionally mild one, was one which no old *' timer interested in farming would wish to see repeated. '■ The winter now closing has been much more severe and with much more snowfall than some of those preceding it, and every farmer notes the fact as an augury of a capital " summer following." The Pioneer Press, St. Paul, Minnesota, U. S., speaks as follow.! of the last two mild winters : — "Ther-. is not a resident of Minnesota, we venture to say, who would not vote for a return of Ih most rigorous season ever known to this latitude rather than tor a third visita^'r^n like i.iat .■ last w'* .'er and this. We have had a taste of the imported winter ol : late of liie southern zone, and it is a taste that goes a long way. To begin (( (( PRELIMINARY REMARKS. with buHinemt aH|ieot, theiw phenoni.'ni-Ilv niilrt wintern are financially dinantnnw. W«- ' MHt confeHH to an utter break i of beneficial ^» the labouring u^mx. Hut ilin worMt effect in neen on the public health. We have no need to refer to tli. lortallty ..toutl* of the nation. Therein proAtration, BickneHB, death every wlipr*.. W.- niiff<> le»« than othent, lK9t»uNe we ntill have (wcaMional days of good, old in\ orating Mt.n, w\wn a breath from the north given UM Htrength enough to nuntain a niege of lowering skies '*U<1 steaming streetN. But we, toi», have felt phy«ically the aHHaultH (»f uuMeaNonable wt^ath- r in an ahnoitt I general proHtration by the prevailing malady. And the niont inveterate iNrtuplainer underHtandH at last that there are more deaths of young and old, in and fi.Ilowing one j of theHe unHeanonable winters, than ever came from neverity of clint«te. Therr \i> «<. I gain '" mill oh the Iohh. The |Kior man has saved, iierhaiw, a few doUars froii' lis f«el 1, T . it, b'' is nmch more likely to have lost instead the means of purchasing fuel, or he ii'>a vi.i^'umed in doctors' bills several times the amount of the savinu Ami so ; there is on<: long cry, Oh, for a genuine Minnesota winter. Let us haw again the iborean breezes, laden with ozone, that shall shrivel and crush these gemiH that lurk in the moisture saturated air. Welcome the white flag, with its central wiuare J>f Mack, that tells us of a wave on its journey from the frozen iK>le. (Jiv# vis but a fe>- w neks of our native climate, and cheeks will be round and rosy, and h»'«rts full of loer once more. And to the last day of his life, though the seasons s/iould i*' as knexampled in their severity a« these have been in their mildness, will tlv -nan who I>a8sed through the winters of 1888-JM) never dare raise a voice again^ a climate irhose virtues we have not sounded half as valiantly as they deserve." 18. The following table, which by the kindness of Mr. Clias. Latitudes ICarj)mael, Director ot the Meteorological Service, was prepared f",nof^^' [expressly for this work, gives the latitude, longitude and '|[^"^*>*' [elevation above the sea of 99 places in tlie Dominion, and also Ithe mean summer and winter temperature. The sumruor temperatures are taken from the months of Julj^ August i iid September, and those of the winter from January, February and March : — Place. liatitude. Longi- tude. Eleva- tion above Sea. Mkan Temperature. Summer. Winter. Prince Edwakd Islano. Georgetown f 46-11 46 14 46-48 > 62-35 6310 64-2 Feet. 30 38 . 62-2 62 1 61-0 19-9 Charlottetown Kihnahumaig 19 1 169 10 III '; STATISTICAL YEAR-BOOK. Puce. Latitude. Longi- Eleva- tion above Mean Temperature • tude. . ■ ■ ' ■ • Sea. Summer. Winter. New Brunswick. f / Feet. Grand Manan 44 42 45-5 45 17 45-55 45 57 47 3 47-39 48-4 66-48 67-4 66-3 64 32 66-38 65-29 «J5-42 66-22 49 47 116 116 164 36 35 45 621 24-7 St. AndrewH 60 58 58 62 61 63 59 6 2 2 4 2 22 21 19 17 15 15 13 3 St. John 5 Dorchester Fredericton Chatham Bathiirst Dalhousie 1 3 1 8 Nova Scotia. J - . Yarmouth Liverpool 43 44 44 44 44 45 45 45 45 46 46 46 50 2 38 39 59 22 38 42 6 10 19 66 64 65 63 64 63 (il 62 62 60 60 59 2 42 46 36 6 18 59 39 41 44 10 57 30 1.50 122 87 5? 77 25 25 56 34 34 58-8 61-2 60-6 61 5 62-3 60-7 59-6 62 3 62-6 61-0 ♦)0-4 59-9 61 27-4 27-4 Digbv Halifa.x Windsor Truro Antigonish New Glasgow Pictou Baddeck 25-6 30-2 23-9 21-1 18-3 20-2 21-9 21-3 Sydney Glace Bay 21 3 22-6 Guysborough 45-22 61-30 22 2 Quebec. ■ * f • i ; ■ f 4 • Huntingdon 45-5 45 10 45 40 45-24 45 47 46 12 46-22 45-30 46-48 48-25 48-31 49-16 49 24 51-56 01 40 48-52 74 10 ■■'437 ■ "isf" 315 159 22 '■■■26' 426 ■ ■ ■ "39" ' 631 16-3 Brome . . Richmond Sherbrooke Danville St. Francis ""ranbourne l»Iontreal . Quebec 72 72 71 72 70 70 73 71 71 «)8 (^3 55 55 64 36 8 55 1 50 43 35 12 5 28 20 35 25 50 12 61 61 61 61 61 58 65 62 58 54 56 54 47 9 3 9 4 2 1 2 8 4 8 5 9 15 5 14 9 13 3 14 6 12-6 12-5 16-7 15 Chicoutimi Father Point 8-7 13-3 Cape Magdalen 12 1 Anticosti, S.W.P Belle Isle 14-4 9-6 Cape Norman Caj)e Rosier 50-3 56 11-0 14-5 Ontario. Point Pelee Windsor 41 42 50 19 82 83 38 2 570 604 67 69 8 22-9 25-9 PRELIMINARY REMARKS. 11 Temperature. er. Winter. 1 24-7 22 3 6 21 5 2 19 1 17 3 2 15 1 4 15 8 2 13 8 27-4 2 27-4 (i 25-6 5 30 2 3 23-9 7 211 r> 18-3 3 20-2 6 21-9 21-3 4 21 3 9 22G 22-2 I 16-3 i 155 \ 14 9 ) 13 3 ) 14 6 12G 125 10 -7 15 8-7 13 3 12 1 14-4 90 110 14 5 229 25 •9 Place. Port Dover . Welland iarnia . . — jondoii . . . IiigersoU Woodstock . . Jrantford . . . liiinilton. . . . Stratford — Jalt fuelph bornwall rarry Sound . "tuntsville. .. )ttawa . . Pembroke . . . ?(irt Arthur. Pol'MlltO Brainj)ton . . Ifioderich iolleville . . . . Kincardine . [ingston . . . . !'f terboro' . . . iarrie )wen Sound irockville. . . . Newmarket . Osliawa Latitude. Manitoba. lEmerson ISt. Boniface lUrandon Winnijieg ■itony Mountain .... iapid City Minnedosa rimli iRusisell iHillview iPortage la Prairie . . . N. W. Territories. Fort McLeod . Medicine Hat. 42 47 42-69 42 69 43-59 43 2 43-8 43 10 43 16 43 23 43 23 43 33 45- 1 45-19 46 19 45-2«5 45-50 48-27 43 39 43 41 43-45 44 10 44 10 44 13 44 17 44 23 44 34 44 2(5 44-2 43-53 491 49-52 49-51 49-53 50-5 50-2 50-10 50-37 .')0-42 49 54 49-57 49 49 60-1 Longi- tude. 80-13 79-17 82-24 81-13 80-57 80-47 80-21 79-54 81-0 80-22 80-1(5 74-43 800 79-8 76-42 77-7 89 12 79-24 79-45 81 43 77-23 81-37 7«-29 78 19 79-41 80-56 75-44 79-29 78-52 97-td 97-9 99. 53 97-7 97 -12 100-1 99-48 97 -0 101-11 100-32 98 10 113 17 110 37 Eleva- tion above Sea. Mean Temperature. Feet. 635 686 832 877 980 750 372 1182 870 1157 194 636 ■'236" 389 (i44 350 703 728 321 684 307 722 779 278 784 7<>4 803 16(» 723 Summer. 2136 66-1 66-3 64-2 660 63-9 64-7 6(}-8 (»-0 63-8 63 4 64 -4 66-0 62-4 -4 -8 3 -4 -5 -8 61- 64- 64- 67- 67 66- 65-6 66-8 (55-6 (56-8 6<5-4 (560 (51 9 64-8 (53-4 63-1 Winter. (52-2 62-9 23-9 23 7 20-9 23-6 24-7 22-4 23-2 26 6 20-9 21-9 19-5 17-8 170 14-4 14 3 14-6 -4 -6 10- 24- 21-8 23 3 20-6 241 20-6 200 20-0 20-4 170 20-9 18-9 (52 3 12-7 59-9 -1-3 58-1 —1-8 60-3 10 (50-1 1-7 (52-2 2-7 66 3 —20 .58 -9 2-6 .55-8 -3-8 58-4 —2-6 61-8 -2-6 1 1 21-0 13-2 s * 12 ill': STATISTICAL YEAR-BOOK. Place. Latitude. Longi- tude. Eleva- tion above Sea. Mean Tkmpkrati'rk. Summer. Winter. Regina Qu^Appelle * 50-27 50-30 50-52 51-2 50-45 52-44 53-32 57 -0 58-43 48-20 48-24 49-12 50-42 49-21 s 104-37 103-51 112-54 114-4 102-52 108-10 113-29 92-28 111-19 123 27 123-19 122-53 122 2 122 52 Feet. ■ "2ii5" ■ ■■3.389" ■"2285^" 55 42 10 33 090 59-2 57-1 58-3 550 50-0 00-0 55-2 48-7 54-0 57-2 57-8 00-1 03-8 02-0 -24 —01 Gleicnen Calgary 122 12-2 Pheasant Forks Battleford £dmonton -30 12-5 11-3 York Factory — 12 Fort Chii)ewayan British Columbia. Esquimalt -3 4 40-4 Victoria New Westminster Lillooet Vancouver 39-0 80-9 28-1 338 i! Temijera- 19. The following table, compiled from Mr. Carpmael's report ture and precipita- for the year ended 31 st December, 1886, (the last issued) gives tion, 1880. the highest and lowest and mean temperature for the year at 98 places in Canada, as well as the rain and snow fall, and total precipitation during the same period. Ten inches of snow have been taken as equivalent to one inch of rain. rEMPKRATURK. er. Winter. 2 -2 4 1 —01 3 122 6 12 2 —3 6 12-5 2 11-3 7 -12-6 -3 4 •2 -8 •1 -8 •0 40 4 39-0 36-9 28-1 33 8 ael's report isued) gives he year at w fall, and inches of rain. PRELIMINARY REMARKS. TEMPERATURE AND RAINFALL IN CANADA, 1886. la . Stations. Temperature. Precipitation. Maxi- mum. Mini- mum. Mean. Rain. Snow. Total. Ontario. 94-2 970 900 87-5 93-0 92-0 -23-3 -28-9 —35-0 -34-0 — 210 —20-0 -39-2 -25-3 —28-5 -26-9 —25-0 —22-0 —19 -15-7 —39-0 —220 —14 7 —21 7 —28-0 -32 6 —19-0 —19-0 —300 —35-5 —21-6 -26-5 —31-0 —35-0 -35-6 -34-7 —28-0 —12 — 5-0 —200 -15-0 -42-4 -17-2 -15-0 —26-6 -24 4 -17 -0 43-87 4268 39-29 38-85 43-65 Inches. 24 62 20-63 31-86 32-52 Inches. 126-7 78-1 120-j; 114-9 Inches. 37-29 larrie . . (ala.. Ipfttric© 28-44 43-89 44 01 Iramnton rantford 19-55 56-5 25-20 Bincmf t. )rnwall 91-3 89-2 92-0 90-0 89-0 91 89-6 910 93-8 96-3 90-5 42-05 42 14 43-50 43-60 39-63 42-12 43 84 40 23 43 52 46-37 42-97 '"40-82' 44-04 22-58 31-45 18-42 25-86 22-91 30-55 26-66 24-61 24-87 23-64 29-92 " "23-36" 26-54 93-3 74-2 79-4 1500 73 84-7 97-6 1060 90-9 44 6 118 1 82-2 102-8 1335 31-91 inestogo leeronto 38-87 26-36 irham remont )ra derich 40-86 30 21 3902 36-42 iivenhurst 35-21 anton imilton . ngston 33-96 28-00 41 73 Icefield ndsay 96-8 89-7 940 90-5 93 90-0 891 89-0 89-5 88-7 96 6 92-6 79-0 950 91-2 90-0 94-7 92-0 95-0 88-5 91-7 87-0 33-64 >ndon .39-89 mdon 2nd oiint Forest orthcote ihawa 4311 40-47 40-50 33 77 39-99 40-00 43-28 42-52 48-47 44-53 44-93 37-26 44 20 45-46 41-96 42 72 46 35 26-95 25-29 "is-is" 28-27 "'24'65* 25-69 64-6 115-3 104-0 51-0 IO8-7 """8"i-3" 114 ,S3-41 ;tawa 36-82 wen Sound jrt Arthur 23-28 krry Sound 39-14 Bmbroke Bterboro' .S2-48" jint Clark 3709 jint Pelee art Stanley 28-48 3008 25-68 31-70 35-57 24-22 28-34 24-47 22 31 11-31 27-72 94-0 88 3 89 6 77-8 41 123 5 108*1 43-0 47-5 68-0 73 5 37-88 jrt Dover .18-91 ockliffe 34-64 39-48 39-67 36 57 .19-15 ;. George ony Creek Higeen iratford mcoe 28-77 2706 18 11 3507 arnia kvanne 93 4 89-5 89-0 90-7 900 95-2 96-0 —480 —22-8 —25 2 —22 4 —200 -110 -220 31 36 43-92 won to ■enton oodstock 43-97 '47-46" 43-90 23-90 24-78 23 15 23-38 67-2 88-5 64-3 118-8 30-62 33-63 29-58 35 26 elland indsor irich . . . • 14 I STATISTICAL YEAR-BOOK. TEMPERATURE AND RAINFALL IN CANADA, 1886— Continued. Stations. Tempkratuke. Precipitation. Maxi- mum. Mini- mum. Mean. Rain. Inches. 23-07 Snow. Total. QUEBKC. Anticosti, S.W.P W.P 68 72 83 76 62 86 87 78 67 92 72 88 87 85 91 3 8 8 6 8 5 4 3 5 5 -13-9 —15-0 —28-0 -18-3 —21-0 —340 —43 —17 —14 —28-0 -27-0 —260 —23-6 —27-9 —340 —14-0 — 8-0 —12 —14-0 —10-0 —14-0 — 2-9 0-0 —29-0 — 27 —24-0 —12 —17-6 — 19 —16-0 —52-2 —49-0 -45-2 —50-5 —44-6 36-03 35-66 40-68 38-57 31-57 36 51 33-10 36-50 34-21 40 -.S4 34-86 39-71 41-31 38-81 31-17 41-58 44-18 45-97 42-50 4607 42 98 44-25 42 31 41-44 39-57 41-34 43-73 42 14 41-41 40-91 31-61 30-72 33-58 ■■33-58 Inches. 67-2 Inches. 29-79 Brome 29-74 23 81 550 31-6 35-24 Bird Rock 2697 Belle Isle Cranboume 26-72 25-82 21-39 21 24 2712 20-24 30-87 26-88 26-71 26-42 169-0 75-8 129-5 187-5 110-5 151-2 84-9 116 116-9 114-9 43-62 Chicoutimi 33-40 Cane Mairdalen 34 34 Cape Norman Danville 39-99 38-17 Father Point 35-36 Huntincrdon 39 36 Montreal .... 38-48 Quebec Richmond 38 40 37-91 Nova Scotia. Glace Bav 84-8 84-0 88-0 84-0 73-0 b5-0 78 5 73-0 930 91-1 89-3 86-6 87-1 85-7 73-0 102-6 103-7 103 7 1050 103-0 Halifax 5107 30-29 39-91 31-52 32-80 40-49 64-3 29-7 67 6 12-5 63-2 80-4 57 -50 Pictou 33 26 Svdnev 46-67 Sable Inland 32-77 Truro Yarmouth White Head 39 12 48-53 New Brunswick. Bathurst 33-23 23-43 25-88 37-40 28-16 87-65 37-29 8-56 144-2 1453 125-5 41-1 97-9 87-4 66-5 30-6 47-65 Chatham 37 38 41 37 46 96 Fredericton Grand Manan St. Andrews 43 51 95 St. John 37 Point Lepreaux Manitoba. Minnedosa 43 94 11-62 !R.llflR6ll . Stonv ItCountain 6-77 12-57' 14-8 27-5 22-7 8-25 Sounsf ord Winnipeg ■ 14-84' Prince Ei Charlottetow Kilmahumaig K f PRELIMINARY REMARKS. TEMPERATURE AND RAINFALL IN CANADA, 1886-Cm'.luded. / 15 Temperature. Precipitation. Stations. , Maxi- mum. Mini- mum. Mean. Rain. Snow. Total. British Columbia. Inches. Inches. Inches. Victoria 850 170 49-08 26-84 14-5 28-29 Prince Edward Island. Charlottetown —15-0 —18-4 Kilmahumaisr 84-4 40 17 32 13 660 38 -73 The Territories. Kdmonton Medicine Hat Qu'Appelle 88-0 108-2 99-8 99-5 99-9 83-3 100-0 106-5 —57 —50-5 —44-5 —44-5 —45 9 -49-0 —49-0 -49-5 "'42-27' 33-47 33-23 33-43 24-41 31-15 32-92 4-53 5-47 6-94 8-30 26-9 12-5 32-0 7-22 6-72 10 14 Grenfell Parkland Fort Chipewj'an Pheasant Forks 6-74 2-50 0-65 78-4 20-5 12 5 14-58 4-55 Regina 1-85 Newfoundland. St. Johns 80-0 68-0 00 —10-0 42-16 36-77 39-41 30-85 73-0 78-0 46 -71 Point Rich 3865 20. According to the above figures the extremes of mean Extremes temperature in 1886 in the several Provinces were as follows : temiiera- ture by Max. Ontario 4847 Quebec 4131 Nova Scotia 4607 New Brunswick 4373 Manitoba 3358 British Columbia 4908 Prince Edward Island 40- 17 The Territories 4227 The highest mean temperature was at Victoria, B.O., and the lowest at Fort Chipewyan, N.W.T. Min. Provinces 31-36 1886. 31-1/ 41-58 39-57 30 72 49-08 ^- 40 17 24 41 ■ *,■", .f'- '•ii'i ".I, ^■»v .,• • ;t i> 'WJi . 'I, '■...* .1. ' ■I.., ■.■ I ..' \ ,■'■< I Z.V1 '4 M 1 1 16 TeniiJera- ture and ii lirecipita- tion, Mm. 1 « ] HI STATISTICAL YEAR-BOOK. 2 1 . The following information respecting the weather of 1889 has been taken from the Monthly Weather Review^ a publica- tion issued by the Director of the Meteorological Service at Toronto. The mean temperature and total precipitation partly at a station in and partly at the capital of Prince Edward Island, and at the capitals of the other Provinces and of The Territories, have been given. The temperature does not call for any par- ticular remarks except that it was much above the average in January, April, May and December. MEAX TEMPERATURE AT THE UNDERMENTIONED PLACES IN CANADA, 1889. TOTAL 1 If \ Places. Kilmahumaig, P.E.I. Sydney, N.S Fredericton, N.B Montreal, Que Toronto, Ont Winnipeg, Man Rfgina, N.W.T Victoria, B.C Jan. Feb. Mar. April. May. 20-8 13 5 28o 38-8 630 26 6 22 4 322 .^9-6 50 9 22 3 14-5 30-9 43 (i 57 5 21 2 10 6 28-7 43 3 56 9 28 17-8 32-9 43 6 53 9 6 1 -3-7 26-2 42-2 49 6 4 8 1-9 300 43 3 50 8 38 8 41 48-2 505 55 9 June. 62-4 600 64-5 62-9 59-7 63-6 60-3 58-7 MEAN TEMPERATURE AT THE UNDERMENTIONED PLACES IN CANADA, 1889. Places. Charlottetown, P.E.I. . Sydney, N.S Fredericton, N.B Montreal, Que Toronto, Ont Winnipeg, Man Regina, N.W.T Victoria, B.C July. 62 62 65 68 68 65 63 61 •4 •4 •6 •9 3 2 •2 Aug. 648 640 64-9 660 651 66-2 66-6 586 Sept. 61 3 61-2 617 59-9 600 48-8 538 Oct. Nov. 46 48 42 40 42 38 53 38 38 35 34 38 23 45 Dec. 24-4 27-8 229 23 8 34 2 7-9 373 624 600 64-5 62- 9 597 63-6 60-3 58-7 Dec. 24-4 27-8 22-9 23-8 34 2 79 37-3" PRELIMINARY REMARKS. TOTAL PRECIPITATION IN INCHES AT THE UNDERMENTIONED PLACES IN CANADA, 1889. Places. Kilmahuamaig, P.E.I Sydnej;,N.S 1 redericton, N. B Montreal, Que Toronto, Ont Winnipeg, Man Regina.N.W.T Victoria, B.C Jan. Feb. Mar. April. May. 2 42 2-78 1-63 1-78 V25 3-34 4(» 2 39 4-69 2-83 3 24 3-55 3 68 2'78 3 45 4-67 3 33 2 11 215 2-97 3 46 2-37 99 1-59 3- 14 1-51 103 35 0-99 1 72 0-25 0-0 673 712 591 88» 736 854 727 841 658 1,085 858 798 663 830 741 906 799 1,093 972 404 331 1,500 1,249 Percentage Verified. 68 •« 783 83 828 85- 1 78-2 79 1 83-2 89 3 88-2 88-9 81-9 833 It will be seen, therefore, that out of a total of 11,515 storm warnhigs issued during the last twelve years, 9,508, or 82*5 per cent., have been verified. 24. The total number of predictions issuedof weather proba- bilities during the fourteen months, October, 1888, to November, 1889, was 6,808, of which only 553 were not verified, 77*2 per cent, having been fully, and 91*9 per cent, fully and partially verified. The signal disks showing the weat'ier expected were, as usual, carried on trains from June to September. These disks are much appreciated by farmers. 25. Minerals of almost every kind are known to exist in Can- ada, and their development in the future will constitute one of the chief sources of wealth for the country. Gold has been found extensively in Nova Scotia and British Columbia. In the former Province there are fifty-eight mines in working order, and in the latter there is scarcely a stream of any importance in which the "colour" of gold cannot be found, and paying ' / PRELIMINARY REMARKS. 19 ■ ■•, •." , mines exist in localities extending through ten degrees of latitude. The total value of ^old exported from this Pr( ice since its admission into Confederation to 30th June, 1889, has reached the large sum of ^16,348,764. Gold has also been found in Ontario and Quebec, and it is not improbable that valuable discoveries of that metal are yet to be made in these Provinces. Iron is found in considerable quantities in all the Provinces, and the suppl}' is practically inexhaustible ; that of Nova Scotia being particularly fine, and bringing in the market nearly double the price of English iron. More complete details respecting the mineral resources of Canada are given in a subsequent chapter. 26. What may be called the natural industries of the Domin- Natural ion are : In Prince Edward Island, agriculture, fishing and ship- "* "**"*'* Imilding ; in Nova Scotia, coal and gold mining, ship-building, agriculture, lumber and fishing, the fisheries of this Province being the most valuable and productive in the world ; in New Brunswick, ship-building, lumbering, agriculture and fishing, the value of the fisheries being second only to that of Nova Scotia ; in Quebec, agriculture, ship-building, lumbering, fish- ing and mining ; in Ontario, agriculture, lumbering and mining ; in Manitoba and the Territories, agriculture and stock-raising ; — coal mining is expected to become a very important industry in these regions, it being estimated that there are about 65,000 square miles of coal-bearing strata east of the Rocky Mountains ; — and in British Columbia, mining, lumbering, fishing and agriculture. 27. With the exception of Prince Edward Island and the Ter- Lumber- ritories, lumbering prevails to a considerable extent in all the *°^' Provinces, especially in Ontario, Quebec and British Columbia, and some idea of the amount of lumber annually produced can be formed from the following statement, showing the produc- tion of timber of all kinds, by Provir'ces, in 1888. The figures are in most cases taken from the ofiiicial reports, and only give, therefore, the quantity on w^hich dues were paid. The 2| - , ' J- &\-..'lh li%; i .f - !v .;• *•■• ■•, lYf-r *!'! f<' ' 20 STATISTICAL YEAR-BOOK. actual total production would undoubtedly bo very much larger. Full particulars could not be obtained from Nova Scotia, and the tigures given represent only the shipment of deals from the several ports of the Province. It will be seen from the table, that no less a quantity than 1,686,453,768 feet B.M., and 4,081,439 cubic feet of timber were produced in the Dominion in 1888, and $2,489,401 collected in dues : — PRODUCTION OF TIMBER IN CANADA, 1838. Timber. Ontario. 1 Quebec. New Brunswick. British Columbia. Nova Scotia. Manitoba. Saw logs, B.M Square timber, cubic feet Boom timber, pieces . . Hardwood, cubic feet . Railway ties. No Cordwood, cords 702,443,000 3,378,014 228,524 i(i,(«m 761,340 15,623 2,856 303,441 6,842 98,752 639,871,072 680,305 31,380 223,626 9,340 9,040 m 84,752,466 23,120 3,050 103^050 1,95.') 680 213 •*1 25,000,000 :;: 85,070,000 49,'t: 7,230 Telegraph poles. No . . Cedar, lineal feet Cedar itosts, tan bark and bolts, cords .... Pile timber, B.M Shingles, M 2,881 1,944 4,46>> tiinlier in 1S<»7-1HHW Tiinlier cut, ( )ttft- wa Valley, 1SH!». FiX|)<)rtH of tinil)fr, (^ueVx-f, 1885.18WJ. AkhchI- tiiral liud fiHhiiig iiuhmtrifs. Manufac- turing inchmtrieH. Cotton niillH,1889 Mills. Looms. Spindles. Ontario 10 7 •■ f 3,405 4,888 708 2,101 159,900 Quel)ec 235,300 Nova Scotia , 35.500 New Brunswick 89,000 Total 25 11,282 519,700 ( y- ';i', m" '! f; ■I 22 WfKilU'n iiiillH, IKXO. Paper and pulp miilH. Agricul- tural iin- plenientw. STATISTICAL YRAR-DOOK. The full weaving capacity of thcp j mills is about 188,000,000 8(iuure yards per annum, and tlie actual production varies from 100,000,000 to 120,000,000 square yards. 35. According to the same authority, the following are parti- culars of woollen mills and knitting machines in Canada : — WOOLLEN MILLS AND KNITTING MACHINES IN CANADA, 1880. > PUOVINCE. WOOM.KN MlLLH. KNITTmO Machinks. SetH of CardH. LH. NunilM-r. ( intario (i55 304 70 (;4 2 1 27 2,401 8(U 222 134 5 5 70 3,758 144,220 37,7W) 0,520 5,500 480 400 1,101 CJuel)ec () . • * •\ • . 'I '.!• • ■» It k '■...•ii ■ • i r* r u 24 I !' ■ I SI' ; I I STATISTICAL YEAR-BOOK. 1535. July. Second visit of Cartier. Aug\i8t 10. Cartier anchored in a small bay at the mouth of the St. John River, which, in honour of the day, he named after St. Lawrence. The name was afterwards extended to the gulf and river. 1540. Third visit of Cartier. 1542-43. The Sieur de Roberval and his jmrty wintered at Cap Rouge. 1598. The Marquis de la Roche landed 40 convicts t>n Sable Island, where they were left for five years without relief, and only twelve were found alive at the end of that time. 1603. First visit of Samuel de Cham])lain to Canada. 1605. Founding of Port Royal (Annajjolis), Acadia (derived from an Indian word " Cadie," a place of abundance), by the Baron de Poutrincourt. 1608. Second visit of Chami)lain. Founding of Quel)ec, the first i)ermanent settlement of Canada. The name is said to be an Indian one, " Kebec," a strait. 28 settlers wintered thei-e, including Champlain. 1611. Estciblishment of a trading post at Hochelaga. 1613. St. John's, Newfoundland, fotmded. ' 1615. Champlain sailed up the Ottawa River, crossed Lake Nipissing and descended French River into Geetween the French and the Iroquois Indians. 1667. White iKjpulation of New France, 3,918. 1672. Count de Frontenac appointed Governor. Population, 6,705. 1689. August. Massacre at Lachine by Indians, and capture of the Fort at Mont- real, which they held till October. 1690. Capture of Port Royal by Sir Wm. Phipps, and unsuccessful attack upon Quebec. 1692. Population of New France, 12,431. , 1698. Death of Fi-ontenac. Population, 13,355. 1701. August 4. Ratification of a treaty of peace with the Iroquois at Montreal. 1713. Treaty of Utrecht by which Hudson's Bay and adjacent territory, Nova Scotia (Acadia) and Newfoundland were ceded to the English. 1720. Population of New France 24,434, and of St. John Island (Prince Edward Island) about 100. 1739. Population of New France, 42,701. ■ ' v 1745. Louisbourg, Cape Breton, taken by the English. 1748. Restoration of Louislxnirg to the French in exchange for Madras by the i)eace of Aix-la- Chai)elle. 1749. The C.ty of Halifax founded by Lord Halifax. 2,544 British emigrants brought out by the Hon. Edward Comwallis, the first English Governor of Nova Scotia. 1752. March 23. Issue of the Halifax Gazette, the first pajier published in Canada. 1774. Tht 1775. Out 1776. Reir PRELIMINARY REMARKS. 25 1760. 1762. 1763. 1764. 1755. Expulsion of the Acadians from Nova Scotia, about 6,000. 1768. July 26. Final capture of Louisbourg by the English. 1769. July 26. Capture of Fort Niagara by the English under General Prideaux, who was killed during the assault. .Tune 25. Commencement of the siege of Quebec. September 12. Battle of the Plains of Abraham and defeat of the French by General Wolfe, who was killed on the field. Loss of the English, 700, and of the French, 1,500. SeptemVjer 13. Death of General Montcalm, commander of the French forces. September 18. Capitulation of (Juebec to General Townshend. April. Unsuccessful attack on Quebec by General de Levis. September 8. Capitulation of Montreal, and completion of the conquest of Canada. Population of New France, 70,000. British population of Nova Scotia, 8,104. February 10. Treaty of Paris signed, by which France ceded and guaranteed to His Britannic Majesty in full right "Canada with all its deiiendencies." General Murray wna the first Governor General of the Province of Quebec. June 21, Issue of the Queliec Hitzittc* In this year Pontiac, Chief of the Ottawas, organized a conspiracy for a sim- ultaneoub rising among the Indian tril>es, and a general massacre of the British. The plan was successfully carried out in several places, where not a soul was left alive, but finally the Indians were forced to succumb. General Carleton, afterwards Lord Dorchester, apiwinted Governor General. St. Johns Island (Prince Edward Island) made into a separate Province, with Walter Patersfm the first (Jovernor. The first meeting of the Housf of Assembly t| 1766. 1770. 1774. 1776. 1776. 1778. 1783. ■ ! ■,;. '':''' ..>,'> V < ■■> . .1* h'::^ .1 , •■ ;■.: 26 STATISTICAL YEAR-BOOK. In m. 1*1 ■' British population of Nova Scotia, 32,000 (about 11,000 Acadians not included). Separation from Nova Scotia, and erection into a new Province of New Brunswick — population, 11,457. About this time began the migration into Canada and Nova Scotia of tha United Empire Loyalists, as they were called— that is, of those settlers in the American States who had remained faithful to the British cause. This migration lasted for several years, and though it is not possible to arrive at any exact figures, it id probable that the number altogether was not less than 40,000. The Loyalists were well treated by the British Government, and large grants of lands were made to them in various parts of the country. The banks of the St. Lawrence and shores of Lake Ontario in particular were settled by about 10,000, on lands allotted to them by the Government. 1786. Re-introd«ction of the right of habeas corpus. 1701* Division of the Province of Quebec into two Provinces, viz., Upper and Lower Canada. Each Province to have a Lieutenant-Governor, and a Legislature composed of a House of Assembly and a Legislative Council. The members of the Council were to be appointed by the Lieutenant- Governor for life, those of the Assembly to be elected by the people for four years. Population of the two Provinces, 161,311. 1792. September 17. First meeting of the Parliament of Upper Canada at Newark (Niagara) under Lieutenant-Governor Simcoe. The House of Assembly consisted of sixteen members. December 17. Opening of the Legislature of Lower Canada, at Quebec, by * Gen. Clarke, The House of Assembly consisted of fifty members. 1793. Abolition of slavery in Upper Canada. 179Q. The seat of Goverimient of Upper Canada removed from Niagara to York (Toronto). 1798. The name of St. John's Island changed to that of Prince Edward Island, in honour of the Duke of Kent, the change to take effect in 1800. Popula- tion, 4,500. 1806. November. Issue of Le Canadien, the first newsjmper printed entirely in French. Population of Upp*;r Canada, 70,718, and of Lower Canada, 25C,000. 1812. War declared between Great Britain and the United States. August 11. Surrender of Detroit by the Americans under General Hull to General Brock. October l.S. Battle of Queenston Heights, and defeat of the Americans. Death of General Brock. November. Defeat of General Dearborn by Col. de Salaberry at LacoUe River. 1813. April 25. Capture of York by the Americans. June 5. Battle of Stoney Creek and defeat of the Americans. September. Battle of Moraviantown. Retreat of the British, and death of the Indian chief Tecumseth. Battle of Chateauguay — Defeat of three thousand Americans imder General Hampton by Colonel de Salaberry and four hundred 1* rench Canadian militia. Septem Wi rise 1814. Battle ( Deceml Populal ^818. October can 1821. Comme 1831. Populat 1836. July 21 rail 1837-38. Out Car 1840. Death c Pro 1841. Februar of ( latu eacl and Populat June 13 Syd 1842. Settlem* the 1844. Populat 1845. Large fii 1848. The St. 1849. Riots in oft! 1850. The first 1851. Transfer cial lienc Populati Bnu 1852. Commeii 1853. The nun toi; 1854. January Abolitio Cler June 5. It 11 Amt soil. Law jecte treat PRELIMINAR ' REMARKS. 27 Seiitember 25. Battle of Chrysler's Farm — Defeat and rout of General Wilkinson and the Americans by the Canadian militia tmder Col. Mor- rison. 1814. Battle of Lundy's Lane, and defeat of the Americans. December 24. War terminated by the Treaty of Ghent. Poimlation of Upper Canada, 85,000, and of Lower Canada, 335,000. ''818. October 20, Convention signed at London regulating the rights of Ameri- cans in the British North American fisheries. 1821< Commencement of the Iiachine Canal. 1831. Population— Upper Canada, 236,702; Lower Canada, 553,134. 1836. July 21. Opening of the railroad from Laprairie to St. John's — the first railroad in Canada. 1837-38. Outbreak of rebellion in both Provinces. It was suppressed in Upper Canada by the Militia, and in Lower Canada by British troence jier h ounce. The use of ix)sti^e stamps was also introduced. Population of Upper Canada, 952,004 ; of Lower Canada, 890,261 ; of New Bnmswick, 193,800, and of Nova Scotia, 276,854. 1852. Commencement of the Grand Trunk Railway. 1853. The number of members in the Legislative Assembly was increased from 84 to 130, being ()5 from each Provmce. 1854. January 27. Main line of the Great Western Railway opened for traffic. Abolition of Seignorial Tenure in Lower Canada, and settlement of the Clergy Reserves question. .June 5. Reciprocity treaty with the United States, signed at Washington, It provided for mutual rights of fishing in certain Canadian and American waters, for the free interchange of the prixlucts of the sea, the soil, the forest and the mine ; it allowed Americans the use of the St. Lawrence River and Canadian canals on the same terms as British sub- jects, and gave to Canadians the right to navigate Lake Michigan. This treaty was to last ten years. I 1^ ', ' 'm:^.. I ;n [iji- Nl :il 28 STATISTICAL YEAR-BOOK. 1G56. The Legislative Council was made an elective chamber. 1858. Adoi)ti(in of the decimal system of currency. Selection by the Queen of the City of Ottawa as the Capital of the Dominion and i)ermanent seat of Government. 1860. August 2.5. Ojjening of the Victoria Bridge by the Prince of Wales. This bridge crosses the St. Lawrence at Montreal, on the line of the Grand Trunk Railway. It is the largest iron tubular bridge in the world, is (JO feet liigh in the centre, and nearly two miles in length. September 1. Laying of the corner stone of the Parliament Buildings at Ottawa by the Prince of Wales. These buildings, together with the Departmental Buildings, have been erected at a total cost, up to 30tli June, 1388, of $4,752,32!). 1861. Population of Upper Canada, 1,396,091 ; of Lower Canada, 1,111,5()6 ; of New- Brunswick, 2.52,047 ; of Nova Scotia, 330,857 ; of Prince Edward Island. 80,857 ; of Vancouver's Island, exclusive of Indians, 8,024. 1866. March 17. Termination of the Reciprocity Treaty, in consequence of notice given by the United States. June 1. Invasion of Canada by Fenians. Battle of Ridgeway, and retreat of the volunteers. June 3. Withdrawal of the Fenians into the Unitrd States. June 8. First Meeting of Parliament in the new buildings at Ottawa. At this meeting the final resolutions necessary to effect the Confederation of the Provinces were passed. 1867. February 10. The British North America Act jiassed by the Imi)erial Legislature. July 1. Union of the Provinces of Canada, Nova Scotia and New Brunswick under the uame of the Dominion of Canada. The names of Upi)er and Lower Canada were changed to Ontario and Quebec respectively. Lord Jlonck was the first Governor General of the Dominion, and the first Piirliament met on the Gth November, Sir John A. Macdonald being Premier. 1868. April 7. Hon. T. D'Arcy Mc(iee, M.P., murdered at Ottawa. July 31. The Rui^ert's Land Act passed by the Imperial Government pro- viding for the acquisition by the Dominion of the North-West Terri- tories. 1869. June 22. Bill passed providing for the Government of the North-West Territories. October 29. Hon. William Macdougall apiJointed Lieutenant-Governor. Red River Rebellion. November 19. Deed of surrender signed, Hudson's Bay Comi>any to Her Majesty. 1870. March 4. Thomas Scott shot at Fort Gnrry. Atigust. Arrival at Fort Garry of the Exjjedition under Colonel (Lord) Wolseley, when the rebels were found to have disi^eised. Mrv 25. Fenians crossed the frontier at Trout River in Quebec, but were driven back by the vc>lunteers. Juiy 15. Addition of the North-VVest Territories to the Dominion and admission of the Province of Manitoba into the Confederation. This Province was made out of a iiortion of the newly -acquired Territory. PRELIMINARY REMARKS. 1871. ^lay 8- Sigr.ing of the Treaty of Waaliington. July 20. Admission of British Cohiinbia into the Confederation. Population of the Dominion, 3,485,7(il ; of Manitoba, 18,U!tr) ; of British Columbia, 36,224, and of Prince Edward Island, 94,021. Total, 3,ti3.5,024. 1872. Abolition of dual representation. 1873. May 2. Death of Sir George E. Cartier, in London. July 1. Admissison of Prince Edward Island into the Confederation. 1876. Opening of the Intercolonial Railway from Quebec to Halifax. 1877. June 20. Great fire in St. John, New Brunswick. November 23. Award of Halifax Fisheries Commission of the sum of ,$.5,500,000 to be paid by the United States to the Imperial Government. 1879. Adoption of a Protective Tariff, otherwise called the National Policy. 1880. Death of the Hon. George Brown. October 21. Contract signed for the construction of the Canadian Pacific Raihvay. This c(mtract was subsequentl yratified by 44 Vic, c. 1 (1881). 1881. April 4. Population of the Dominion, 4,324,810. May 2. First sod turned by the Canadian Pacific Railway Company. 1882. June 22. Legality of the Canada Temperance Act confirmed by the Privy Council. August 23. The new seat of Government for the North- West Territories received the name of Regina. 1885. March 20. Outbreak of Rebellion in the North- West ; commencement of hostilities at Duck Lake. April 2. Massacre at Frog Lake. April 14. Fort Pitt abandoned. April 24. Engagement at Fish Creek. * May 12. Battle of Batoche, and defeat of the rebels. May 26. Surrender of Poundmal?er. July 1. Termination of the fishery clauses of the Washington Treaty by the United States. July 2. Capture of Big Bear, and final suppression of the Rebellion. Total loss of the Militia and Volunteers under fire : killed, 38 ; wounded, 115. The rebel loss could not be ascertained. Estimated at about 20 killed and 11 wounded. November 7. Driving of the last spike of the Canadian Pacific Railway. 1886. May 4. Openii.g of the Indian and Colonial Exhibition at London. June 28. First through train left Montreal for Vancouver. 1887. April 4. Important Conference at London between representatives of the principal Colonies and the Imperial Government. Canada was repre sented by Sir Alexander Campbell and Mr. Sanford Fleming. November 15. Meeting of the Fisheries Commission at Washington. 1888. March 15. Signing of the Fishery Treaty at Washington. August. Rejection of the Fishery Treaty by the United States Senate. i ^fj'n ',^*' '.i'il, . ^•.f.-l Ui,..-! ,'» . It Iv 80 CHAPTER I. I '1 '1^ Constitu- tion defined. The Privy Council. The Go- vernor General. The Par- liament. CONSTITUTION AND GOVEUNMENT. 40. The Imperial Act, 30 Yic, cap. 3, known m the British North America Act, 1867, defines the Constitution of tho Dominion of Canada, which it declares to be similar in prin- ciple to that of the United Kingdon. The Executive Govern- ment and authority, as well as the command-in-chief of all naval and military forces of and in Canada, are declared to be vested in the Queen, who governs through the person of a Governor Genera], appointed by her for a term of five years. 41. The Governor General takes no active part in legislation, but governs through a Council, known as the Queen's Privy Council for Canada, to which belong all those who are or have been advisers of the Crown. The Executive Committee of the Privv Council consists of those members of the Dominion Parlia- ment who are for the time being Ministers of the Crown, either as heads of the varioi^« administrative Departments, or as mem- bers of the Cabinet witho i: porlffolio, and who form the Govern- ment of the day. Members of the Privy Council are styled Honourable, and for life. The power of dismissing the Minis try or of removing members of the Privy Council lies with the Governor General. 42. The Governor General assents in the Queen's name tc all measures passed by the Senate and House of Commons, but he may refuse such assent, and may reserve Bills for Her Majesty's consideration. He also has power to disallow Acts of the Pro- vincial Legislatures within one year of their having been passed in the Province. 43. There is one Parliament for Canada, consisting of the Queen, represented by the Governor General ; an Upper House styled the Senate, the members of which are appointed, and a Lower House, or House of Commons, the members of which are elected. •• CHAPTER I. 1^ 44. The Senate is composed of peraous appointed for life by The the Governor General under the Great Seal of Canada, and each member must possess the following qualifications : He must (^uaiifica- have passed the age of 30 years ; be a British subject, born or naturalized ; must reside in the Province for which he is appointed, within which also he must be possessed of real pro- perty of the value of $4,000 above all encumbrances, and his real and personal property together must be worth $4,000, clear of all liabilities. In the Province of Quebec, he must cither reside or have his real property qualification in the elec- toral division for which he is appointed. 45. A Senator may resign his place, and his place also becomes Conditions vacant if, for two consecutive Sessions of Parliament, he fails to attend in the Senate ; if he makes any declaration of allegi- ance to a Foreign Power ; if he becomes bankrupt or insolvent ; if he is convicted of treason or felony, or if he cease to possess the proper property qualifications. A Senator cannot be elected a member of the House of Commons without previously resign- ing his place in the Senate. 46. The Governor General may at any time recommend to Additions the Queen the addition of three or six members to the Senate, but if such addition is made, uo further appointment shall be made except, on a like recommendation, until the Senate shall have been reduced to its normal number. 47. The Speaker of the Senate, who must be a Senator, and Siieaker of who in all cases has a vote, is appointed by the Governor General. 48. Each Senator receives an indemnity of $1,000 per annum. Senatorial indemnity, 49. The present number of Senators is 80, divided among the Number of several Provinces, as follows : Ontario, 24 ; Quebec, 24 ; Nova Senators. Scotia, 10 ; l^ew Brunswick, 10 ; Manitoba, 3 ; British Columbia, 3 ; Prince Edw^ard Island, 4 ; and the North- West Territories, 2. 50. The House of Commons consists of 216 members, repre- commo^ns senting the several Provinces in the following numbers : Ontario, >r. ■■ , I 1 ' ' ' ' '■■ •■! f\' ■•■r'i ;■. -4: I": ,' '■■' V'i' ' * ' . ■ ■; i"^' '' ' V.' •'•! Illll $4 n 'I i •li ' I 82 CONSTITUTION AND GOVERNMENT. 92 ; Quebec, 05 ; Nova Scotia, 21 ; i!^ew Brunswick, 16 ; Manitoba, 5 ; British Cohimbia, 6 ; Prince Edward Island, 6 ; and tlie North- West Territories, 4. The Province of Quebec; has the fixed number of 65 members, and the other Provinces are represented in such proportion, as ascertained at eacli decennial census, as the number 65 bears to the population of Quebec so ascertahied. The present number of members in the Provinces of Manitoba, British Columbia and Prince Edward Island were specially provided for in the Acts admit- ting them into the Confederation, but all subsequent readjust- ment will be in accordance with the above-mentioned provision. Proiwrtio- 51. The followine: is the proportionate representation of each nate n>\^Te■ _. . sentation Provuicc at the present time, according to the latest census : of the Pro- vinces Population Census year, to each Member. Ontario 1881 20,{»04 Quebec 1881 .. 20,908 Nova Scotia 1881 20,i)79 New Brunswick 1881 ^ 20,077 Manitoba 1886 21,728 British Columbia.... 1881 8,243 Prince Edward Island 1&8I 18,148 The Territories 1885 12,090 Canada 20,276 Term of 52. The members of the House of Commons are elected by service and ^ '' indemnity, the people for a term of five years, unless the House be sooner dissolved, and must be British subjects, but require no other qualification. They are paid an indemnity at the rate of $10 per diem if the Session is less than 30 days, and a maximum amount of $1,000 for any period over that time. The sum of $8 per day is deducted for each day a member is absent during the Session, unless such absence is caused by illness. . They also receive a mileage allowance of 10c. per mile each way. (^uaiifica- 53. "With the exception of the North- West Territories, the ' voters. qualifications for voting at elections for members of the House of Commons are uniform throughout the Dominion, and are as follow : A vote is given to every male person (including CONSTITUTION AND GOVERNMENT. 88 Indians, but excluding persons of Mongolian or Chinese race) who is of the full age of 21 years, is a British subject by birth or naturalization, and is the owner, tenant or occupant of real property of the actual value, W cities, of $800, in towns of $200, and in counties or elsewnere of $150 ; or is the tenant of any real property within the electoral district of the } early value of not less than $2 per month, $6 per quarter, $12 per half year or $20 per annum ; or is a resident within any electoral district, having an income derived from earnings or investments of not less than $300 per annum ; or is the eon of a farmer or any other owner of real property which is of suffi- cient value to qualify father and son, or sons as the case may be, or is a fisherman and owner of real property and boats, nets and fishing tackle, or of shares in a registered ship, which together are of the actual value of $150 ; or is a person in receipt of a life annuity secured on real estate in Canada of not less than $100. Possession or residence for one year is necessary, in most cases, for qualification. 54. Indians in Manitoba, British Columbia, the District of what Keewatin and the North- West Territories are not entitled to my Tte. vote, and in other parts of Canada only those Indians who, not being otherwise qualified, are possessed of land on a reserve, with improvements of not less value than $150, are entitled to vote. 55. In the North-West Territories every person, other than voting in aliens or Indians, is qualified to vote, who is a bona fide male Jo"?"^" resident and householder of adult age, and has resided within the electoral district for twelve months previous to the election. 56. By special provision, votes are given to persons in British voters in Columbia and Prince Edward Island who, not cominff within S'"!*'^^. . iTv'«/»T" 1./. Columbia the Dominion irancnise, were, at the time of the passing of ^^^ pe. the Act (20th July, 1885), entitled to vote according to the 8 ■•■■' ■••• *m ,'. 'K- "!■ '■••,'lSI[ ■■^H '. .. ■ ■ ■.:» ' .:■■■:* 'I , .• ■■V-v :il: h 1 1 •"/] 84 What |>er- Hons (lis- ?|ualificd I'dlU voting. CHAPTER I. then existing provincial laws, but only for so long as tliey shall be so qualified. 57. In addition to the Indians mentioned, the judges of every court, whose appointments rest with the Governor General, are disqualified and incompetent to vote at elections for the Dom- inion Parliament. Revising officers, returning officers and election clerks, and all counsel, agents, attorneys and clerks of candidates who may be paid for their services are disqualified from voting in the district in which they have been so engaged, but not elsewhere. It' • i! 1 ■ Hi < i Number 58. The last general election was held in February, 1887, of voters i t n ^ j i 1887. when the number of voters on the lists (except in the Terri- tories, where there were no lists) was 983,599. Election Procedure 59. "Writs for new elections for the House of Commons are dated and made returnable asthe Governor General shall deter- mine, the date of the nomination, which shall be named in the writ, being also fixed by him. Within eight days from the receipt of the writ the returning officer shall post up at each polling place in the district a proclamation setting forth the dates for the days of nomination and polling, which latter, in the ca^e of general elections, shall be everywhere on the same day (except as is specially provided for in the Districts of Algoma, Ontario, and Cariboo, British Columbia), and of the official declaration of the return of the poll, together with a list of the several polling places, such proclamation to be posted at least eight days before the day fixed for the nomination. The polling day is to be the seventh after the day of nomination, except as specially provided. Voting is by ballot, except in the Territories, where it is open. The House of Commons is called together from time to time by the Qovei^nor General, but there must be a Session of Parliament once at least in every year, so that twelve months does not intervene between the last sitting of one Session and the first sitting of the next. CONSTITUTION AND GOVERNMENT. A Speaker is elected at the commencement of each Parliament bv the members from among themselves. 60. The privileges of the Senate and House of Commons are defined by the Parliament of Canada, but they must not ex- ceed those enjoyed by the members of the Imperial House of Commons at the time of the passing of the British North America Act in 1867. 61., Every member, both of the Senate and the House of Com- mons, must take the oath of allegiance before taking his seat. 62. All bills for appropriating any part of the public revenue, or for imposing any tax or impost, must originate in the House of Commons, and must first be recommended by the Governor General. Bills relating to other matters can be in- troduced in either House. The concurrence of the Governor General, the Senate and the House of Commons is necessary before any measure can become htw. 63. The ex lusive legislative authority of the Parliament of Canada, as provided by the British North America Act, ex- tends to all matters connected with the following subjects : — »ft Privilt'ijos of Pftriia- lUt'Ht. Oath of allegiance . Money bills. ■ Authority of Parlia- ment. Public Debt Trade and Commerce. Taxation. Borrowing m niey on public credit. Postal Service. Census and Statistics. IVIilitia and Military and Naval Service. Civil Service. Lighthouses, Buoys, &c. Navigation and Shipping. Quarantine and Marine Hospitals. Sea Coast and Inland Fisheries. Inter-provincial Ferries, and with Foreign Countries. Currency and Coinage. Banking. Savings Banks. Weights and Measures. Bills of Exchange. Interest. Legal Tender. Bankruptcy. Patents. Copyrights. Indians. Naturalization. Marriage and Divorce. Criminal Law. Penitentiaries. 64. The administration of public affairs is at present divided Admmis- into tne following thirteen departments, viz. : Finance, Justice, public" ° qi affairs. •::■;••; ■:: .'. \ r 11 u "'• '■.•.•': .1, 1.^, ;.t:flllli i:. ■■;■-* 4 ', < !■■ r ■ •■■■ ' . ',■■;>■■; I I -I ':'!'■■••■ I '< % :./i ■;:■■■ !l ,''''. ■■'. T ''''■■■' ; '■•■■■ ■ : } I.'.' ' . ■ I 86 CHAPTER I. t ' I ' Pnl)Ho WorlvH, Raihvnys aiul Cannlrt, Militia and Defence, Customs, Agriculture, Post Otfiee, Marine and Fisheries, Inland Revenue, Interior, Indian Affairs and Department of Secretary of State, which includes the Department of Public Printing and Stationery. By a Bill which has been introduced into the House of Commons during the present Session, it is proposed to make the Geological Survey, which has been liitherto a branch of the Department of the Interior, a separate Depart- ment under a Deputy Head. Provision has been made by legislation for the amalgamation of the Departments of Cus- toms and Inland Revenue, the new Department to be known as that of Trade and Commerce, presided over by a Minister, designated accordingly, while in the place of the present Mini- sters of Customs and Inland Revenue two Comptrollers will be appointed, who shall vacate their offices on any change of Government, but shall not, necessarily, have seats in the Cabi- net. This arrangement, however, has not yet been carried into effect. Each Department is presided over by a Minister, who may be a member of either the Senate or the House of Com- mons. Provincial Legisla- tures 65. The Lieutenant-Governors of the several Provinces are appointed by the Governor General. The forms of the Legis- latures vary in the different Provinces. Quebec, Nova Scotia, New Brunswick and Prince Edward Island each has two Chambers (a Legislative Council and a Legislative Assembly), and a responsible Ministry. In Ontario, Manitoba and British Columbia there is only one Chamber (the Legislative Assem- bly), and a responsible Ministry. In Prince Edward Island the members of the Council are elected ; in Quebec, Nova Scotia and New Brunswick they are appointed for life by the Lieutenant-Governor. In the North- West Territories there is a Legislative Assembly, composed of twenty-two elected mem- bers, and three legal experts, appointed by the Governor General. There ia not yet a responsible Ministry. The fob <'.,y CONSTITUTION AND OOVERNMENT. lowing are tlio numbers of tlio nieml»errt of tho Provincial Li'trinlatiirert : — LK(iI«l,ATlllK«. I'lince KrUvard iHlaiid. Nova Scotia. New Bruimwick (^iu'Ih'c Ontario Maiiitoltti MritiHli Cohiinhin.. Tlit< Territorit'8 Lj^iMlativf Cuuiicil. 13 17 17 24 L«'Ki'*livtivo AHHfinlilv. ' ») 38 41 »;♦ •V" '.'. 4 -. ■;v-- ••.1 •■ ..■'I ' 'I,. ■ ■■■.■ ■< m m 38 CHAPTER I. Governors 69. The following is a list of the Governors General of Canada the^iht ° since Confederation, with the dates of their respective appoint- minion. ments :- GOVERNORS GENERAL OF CANADA SINCE 1867. Name. The Rt. Hon. Viscount Monck, G.C.M.G The Rt. Hon. Lord Lisgar, G. C. M. G. (Sir John Young) TheRt. Hon. the Earl of Dufferin, K.P., K.C.B., G.C.M.G The Rt. Hon. the Marquis of Lome, K.T., G.C.M.G., P.C.,&c The Most Hon. the Marquis of Lansdowne, G.C. M.G.,&c The Rt. Hon. Lord Stanley of Preston, G.C.B.. ..... . Date of Appointment. June 1, 1867. Dec. 29, 1868. May 22, 1872. Oct. 5,1878. Aug. 18, 1883. May 1,1888. Date of Assumption of ofnce. July 1, 1867 Feb. 2, 1869 June 25, 1872 Nov. 25, 1878 Oct. 23, 1883 June 11, 1888 Members 70. The next tables give the names of the present members of nionCJo- the Dominion Government, arranged according to precedence, 3"pr1vy ^^^ ^^ ^^^ members of the Privy Council, and the dates of the Council, opening and closing of each Session composing the different Parliaments since Confederation. mi •I 'I M ■i 1 :: DOMINION OF CANADA. SEAT OF GOVERNMENT-OTTAWA. Governor Gener.\l, The Rt. Hon. Lord Stanley of Preston, G.C.B. PRIVY COUNCIL. 1st January, 1890. Premier and Minister of Railways and CanalsRt. Hon. Sir John A. Macdonald, G.C. B. Minister of Public Works Hon. Sir Hector L. Langevin, K.C.M.G., C.B. " Customs " Mackenzie Bowell. Militia " Sir A. P. Caron, K.C.M.G. '* Agriculture " John Carling. " Inland Revenue " John Costigan. Without Portfolio " Frank Smith. Secretary of State '* J. A. Chapleau. Minister of Justice " Sir J. S. D. Thompson, K.C.M.G. CONSTITUTION AND GOVERNMENT. Without Portfolio " John J. C. Abbott. Minister of Finance " Geo. E. Foster. " Marine and Fisheries " Chas. H. Tupper. " the Interior, and Superintendent General of Indian Affairs " Edgar Dewdney. Postmaster-General " John G. Haggart. President of the Council " C. C. Colby. The above fomi the Cabinet. MEMBERS OF THE PRIVY COUNCIL, NOT NOW MEMBERS OF THE CABINET. Sir Samuel Leonard Tilley, K.C.M.G., C.B., Lieutenant-Governor of New Brunswick. Sir Alexander Tilloch Gait, G.C.M.G., C.B. Wm. McDougall, C.B. Sir Wm. Pearce Howland, K.C.M.G., C.B. Sir Adams George Archibald, K.C.M.G. Peter Mitchell. Sir Alexander Campbell, K.C.M.G., Lieutenant-Governor of Ontario. Sir Edward Kenny. .Tames Cox Aikens. Theodore Robitaille. ■ ' Hugh Macdonald. ■ . Alexander Mackenzie. Sir Antoine Aime Dorion (Chief Justice, Quebec). Edward Blake. Sir Richard J. Cartwright, K.C.M.G. David Laird. ' Donald Alexander Macdonald. ^ Thomas Coffin. Telesphcre Fournier (Judge). William Ross. Felix Geotfrion. William B. Vail. ;-. •; . . David Mills. • ■ • Toussaint Laflamme. ,.: . Richard William Scott. Charles A. P. Pelletier, C.M.G. " ". ' ' Wilfred Laurier. Alfred G. Jones. ,. ,^. , .Tames McDonald (Chief Justice, Nova Scotia). Louis F. R. Masson. • - Louis F. G. Baby (Judge). , , , , , ,■ Robert Duncan Wilmot. Sir David L. Macpherson, K.C.M.G. Sir Charles Tupper, Bart, G.C.M.G. (High Commissioner). - ••, > A. W. McLel«n, (Lieutenant Governor of Nova Scotia). Clerk of the Council, .Tohn Joseph McGee. Members of the Privy Council are styled '* Honourable," and for life. 89 'I n ;•^•■■ '.,''•■;■ 1 •r, ' ,1 . . • 1 :' ■■"< ...L ■i,' ■•■■... it,- >■' " ' ii ■ ' .fi I. * V ■ ■{] ' r 40 Duration of Parlia- ment. Ministries since 1867. CHAPTER I. DOMINION PARLIAMENTS SINCE 1867. No. OF Parliaments. 1st Parliament ♦Ist 2nd 3rd . ; 4th 5th 2nd Parliament flat 2nd 3rd Parliament Ist 2nd ^ 3rd 4th 5th 4th Parliament Ist 2nd 3rd 4th .5th Parliament lat 2nd 3rd 4th 6th Parliament 1st 2nd 3rd 4th Sessions. Date of OjDening. Prorogation. Nov. 6, April 15, Feb. 15 " 15, April 11 March 5, Oct. 23; March 26, Feb. 4, *' 10, 8, 7 Feb. Dec. Feb. Feb. Jan. << Feb. 13, 12, 9, 9, 8, 17 29, 25: April 13 Feb. 23 Jan. 31 «' 16 1867 1869 1870 1871 1872 1873 1873 1874 1875 1876 1877 1878 1879 1880 1880 1882 1883 1884 1885 1886 1887 1888 1889 1890 May June May April June Aug. Nov. Maj; April May May 22, 1868 . 22, 18(59 . 12, 1870 . 14, 1871 . 14, 1872 . 13, 1873 . 7, 1873 . 26, 1874 . 8, 1875 . 12, 1876 . 28, 1877 . 10, 1878 . 15, 1879 . 7, 1880 . March 21, 1881 . May 17, 1882 . Maj; Apiil Dissolution. July 8, 1872. I 1 ] Jan. 2, 1874. ►Aug. 17, 187S. May 18, 1882. 25, 1883 . 1 19, 1884 ' July 20, 1885 June 2, 1886 June 23, 1887 . May 22, 1888 . 2, 1889 . " 16, 1890 . \ Jan. 15, 1887. ^Adjourned from 21st December, 1867, to 12th March, 1868, to allow the Local Legislatures to meet. fAdjourned 23rd May till 13th August. 71. It will be seen that there have been five complete Parlia- ments and three Sessions of the sixth since Confederation. The first Parliament was the longest one, and the second was the shortest. The average length of each Session has been 87 days, or about 12 weeks. The longest Session was in 1885, viz., 24 weeks, 4 days, and the next longest was in 1890, viz., 17 weeks, 1 day. The shortest Session was in 1873, and only lasted 2 weeks and 1 day. 72. There have only been two changes of Government and three Ministries since Confederation, and with the exception of [Minister of ] Minister of I Minister of Defence . . Minister of ( Minister of 1 Postma8ter-( Minister of Fisheries . Minister of Miiiister of I CONSTITUTION AND GOVERNMENT. 41 from 7th November, 1873, to 17tli October, 1878, Sir John A. Macdonald has been in power during the whole period. 73. In 1879 a Bill was passed dividing the offioe of the Deimrt- Min^nter of Public Works, the new Department assuming chc.nges. exclusive control of Railways and Canals ; and in the same Session the office of Receiver-General was abolished. 74. The following are the names of members from time to Cabinet time composing the Ministries, with the datesoftheir appoint- since 1867. ments: — LIST OF MEMBERS OF THE SEVERAL MINISTRIES SINCE CONFEDERATION. First Ministry. Date of Apix>intment, Premier Rt. Hon. Sir John A. Macdonald, G.C.B. Minister of ."■ ;^ri<;o andl Attorney-* tin>7!i' Rt. Hon. Sir John A. Macdonald, G.C.B. July July July Minister of Finance Hon. Sir A. T. Gait " Sir John Rose INov " Sir Francis Hincks iOct. " Sir S. L. Tilley IFeb. ^linister of PubHo Works Hon. W. McDoumU 'July I " Sir Hector Langevin Dec. Minister of Militia andj | ' Defence Hon. Sir George E. Cartier July " Hugh McDonald Minister of Customs. . . . Minister of Agriculture. Postmaster-General .... Minister of Marine and Fisheries Minister of Inland Rev- enue Minister of Interior. Hon. Sir S.L. Tilley July Sir Charles Tupijer Feb. Hon. J. C. Chai)ais. " C. Dunkin . . . J. H. Pope. Hon. Sir A. Campbell . " John O'Connor.. Hon. Peter Mitchell. July Nov. Oct. July 1 1 1 30 9, 22, 1 9, 1 i: 1 22, 1 16, 26, 1 1 July 1, Hon. W. P. Howland 'July 1 " A. Morris Nov. 16, " Sir Charles Tupper July 2, " John O'Connor jMar. 4, " T. M. Gibbs ijuly 1 1867 1867 1867 1867 1869 1873 1867 1869 1867 1873 1867 1873 1867 1869 1871 1867 1873 1867 1867 1869 1872 1873 1873 Hon. Sir A. Campbell 'July 1, 1873 VI n >'V: I .;. v«.M i 'i ■' " • • |) ■'^'y' iir'^: t ■ 1 * - • 1 , I, » * II ll •tn' m-l L! J ■! m !■; 1 it ■ ■? 'i 42 CHAPXER I. LIST OF MEMBERS OF THE SE\ERAL MINISTRIES SINCE CONFEDERATION- Continued. FiusT MmiaTHY— Concluded. Office. Name. -^ Date of Appointment. President of Council Hon. A. J. F. Blair July 1, 1867 '* Josev>h Howe " Ed. Kenny..: *• Sir Charles Tupper Jan. 30 180!) Nov. 16, 1869 June 21, 1870 " John O'Connor July :, 1872 '• Hugh McDonald June 14, 1873 Receiver-General Hon. Ed. K«>nny July 1, 1867 " J. C. Chapais -' Theodore Robitaille Nov. 16, 186!> Jan. 30, 1873 Secretary of State Hon. Sir Hector iJanGrevin July 1, 1807 " J. C. Aikins Dec. 9, 18(.!) Secretary of State for the Provinces . Hon. A. G. Archibald July 1, 1867 " Joseph Howe Nov. 16, 186i) " T. M. Gibbs June 14, 1873 Without office Hon. J. C. Aikins Nov. 16, 1869 The Ministry resigned on 6th November, 1873. Second Ministry. Premier Minister of Public Works Minister of Justice and Attorney-General Minister of Finance Minister of Militia and Defence Hon. Alexander Mackenzie Nov. 7, 1873 do do do 7, 1873 Hon. A. Aime Dorion ' ' Telesphore Foumier . " Edward Blake " Rodolphe Laflamme. Nov. July May June Hon. Sir Riohard Cartwright. Hon. \Vm. Ross. . . . " Wm. B. Vail. •' A.G.Jones.. Minister of Customs Hon. Isaac Burpee Minister of Agriculture. . " L. Letellier de St. " C. A. P. Pelletier. Just . Postmaster-General ;Hon. Donald A. Macdonald. Telesphc^ Foumier ' Lucius S. Huntingdon.. Minister of Fisheries . Marine and Hon. Albert J. Smith. 7, 1873 8, 1874 19, 1875 8, 1877 Nov. 7, 1873 Nov. 7, 1873 Sept. 30, 1874 Jan. 21, 1878 Nov. 7, 1873 do 7, 1873 Jan. 26, 1877 Nov. 7, 1873 May 19, 1875 Oct. 9, 1875 Nov. 7, 1873 Jlinister of '. Pvesident of Receiver-Gei Secretary of Without Offi Minister of '. Minister of I Minister of Canals... . Minister of ( Minister of i 7, 1873 7, 1873 7, 1873 8, 1874 19, 1875 8. 1877 CONSTITUTION AND GOVERNMENT. LIST OF MEMBERS OF THE SEVERAL MINISTRIES SINCE CONFEDERATION— Conemitcrf. Second Mikistky— Concluded. Office. Name. Date of Appointment. Minister of Inland Hon. Telesphor** Foumier Nov. 7, 1873 " Felix Geoffrion ** Rodolphe LaKamme July 8, 1874 Nov. 9, 1876 " , ( - " " Josepn Cauchon June 8, 1877 " Wilfrid Laurier Oct. 8, 1877 Minister of Interior Hon. David Laird " David Mills Nov. 7, 1873 Oct. 24. 1876 Pvesident of Council Hon. L. S. Huntingdon " J. E. Cauchon Jan. 20, 1874 Dec. 7, 1875 " Edward Blake June 8, 1877 Rpf^pivfir-frfiiieral. . ... Hon. Thomas Coffin Nov. 7. 1873 Secretary of State Hon. David Christie Nov. 7, 1873 " R. W. Scott Jan. 9. 1874 Without Office Hon. Edward Blake " R.W.Scott Nov. 7, 1873 •' 7, 1873 The Ministry resigned on 16th October, 1878. Third Ministry. Premier Minister of Justice and Attorney-General Minister of Finance . Minister of Public Works Minister of Railways and Canals Minister of Militia and Defence Minister of Customs Minister of Agriculture. . Right Hon. Sir J. A. Macdonald . Hon. James McDonald " Sir Alexander Campbell . " Sir J. S. D.Thompson.. Hon. Sir S. L. Tilley «' A. W. McLelan... " Sir Charles Tupper. •' Geo. E. Foster . . . . Hon. Sir Charles Tupper. . *' Sir Hector Langevin . Hon. Sir Charles Tupper " Jno. H. Pope Right Hon. Sir J. A. Macdonald . Hon. L. F. R. Masson '* Sir Alexander Campbell . •• Sir J. P. R. A. Caron... Hon. Mackenzie Bowell. Hon. J. H. Pope . . . *' John Carling Oct. 17, 1878 Oct. May Sept. Oct. Dec. Jan. May Oct. May May Sept. Nov. Oct. Jan. Nov. 17, 1878 20, 1881 25, 1885 17, 1878 10, 1885 27, 1887 29, 1888 17, 1878 20, 1879 20, 1879 25, 1885 28, 1889 19, 1878 16, 1880 8, 1880 Oct. 19, 1878 Oct. Sept. 17, 1878 25, 1885 4a ',•1' ■ '. ' .'ij , f. ■• » i' .1, .. ' ■ . ■ *• • "M i I I \ I 11 I ii I' m m\\^, liii' It m m Mill ^ 44 CHAPTER I. LIST OF MEMBERS OF THE SEVERAL MINISTRIES SINCE CONFEDERATION— (7oncf«. Speakkk— Hon. Joseph Aldkhic Ouimkt. Clehk— John GEumiE Bourinot. Addington Albert Alberta Algoma Annaixjli ! Antigoiiiih Argenteail Assiniboia, E. . . AsHiniboiii, W . . Bagot Beauce... Beauhamois .... Bellechasse Berthier Bona venture .... Bothwell Brant, W.R.... Brant, S. R Brockville Bmme Bruce, E. R . . . , Bruce, N. R . . . I Bruce, W. R. . . . ! Cai>e Breton . . \\ Cardwell Carleton(N.B.). Carleton (Ont.).. Carib'> A. Flynn, Edmund x". Ives, William B. Fiset, J. B. R. Gigault, George A. Edwards, W. C. Bsrnier, Michel E. Ellis, John V. Skinner, Charles N. Weldon, Charles W. Bourassa, Fran9ois. Desaulniers, F. S. L. Macdowall, D. H. Daly, Thomas M. Audet, Antoine. Laurie, John W. Hall, Robert N. Cook, H. H. McCarthy, Dalton. Tyrwhitt, Richard. Bain, James W. Colby, Hon. Charles C. Wilmot, jr. Robert D. Grandbois, Paul E. - Chapleau, Hon. J. A. Lansrevin, Hon. SirH.L. Cock jum, George R. R. Small, John. Denison, Frederick C. Daoust, Jean B. '■r ,■••.■■ '•'''-•'.••>ti ;.- ( ryy' ' ''■■■' ■■■4 ■ Mi .,-.••,..1 48 11 ill I- I Lieute- nant-Go- vernors and Pro- vincial Legiula- turcH. CIIAPTEK I. THK HOUSE OF COMMONS— Co»c/«Jee/. ConHtituencieH. Names of Members. ! Constituencies. Names of Members. Vancouver Isl'd. Vaudreuil Vercheres ... . Victoria (B.C.) I Victoria (N.B.).! Victoria (N.S.).. Victoria (O)N.R Victoria (O) S.R Waterloo, N.R.. Waterloo, S.R. . Welland Wellington, C.R Gordon, David W, McMillan, Hugh. Geoffrion, Hon. Felix. Prior, Edward ti. Earle, Thomas. Costigan, Hon. John. McDonald, John A. Barron, John A. Bowman, Isaac E. Livingston, James. Ferguson, John. Semple, Andrew. Wellington, N.R Wellington, S.R Wentworth.N.R Wentworth, S.R Westmoreland . . WinniiH'g Yale Yamaska Yarmouth York (N.B.) York (().), E.R.. York (O.), N.R. . York(0.), W.R. McMullen, James. Innes, iFames. B(vin, Thomas. Cnipenter, F. W. Wo(k1, Josiah. Scarth, William B. Mara, John A. Vanasse, Fabien. Lovitt, John. Temple, Thomas. Mackenisie, Hon. A. Mulock, William. Wallace, N. C. 77. The following tables give the names of the Lieutenant- Governors of the several Provinces, a list of the Sessions of each Legislative Assembly, with the dates of opening and closing, from the time each Province, respectively, entered Confederation, the names of the present members of each Government, and a list of the members of each Legislative Council and Assembly : — LIEUTENANT-GOVERNORS OF THE PROVINCES OF CANADA SINCK ADMISSION INTO THE CONFEDERATION. Province. Ontario (^ebec. Major-General H. W. Stisted Hon. W. P. Howland, P.C, C.B '• John W. Crawford •• D. A. Macdonald, P.C ** John Beverley Robinson *' Sir Alexander Campbell, K.C.M.G., P.C Hon. Sir N. F. Belleau, Kt '• Sir N. F. Belleau, Kt " Rene Edoviard Caron " Luc Letellier de St, Just, P.C " Theodore Robitaille, P.C " L. F. R. Masson, P.C " A. R. Angers Date of Ap|x)intment. July 1, 1807 •' 14, 1868 Nov. 6, 1873 May 18, 1875 June 30, 1880 Feb. 8, 1887 July Jan. Feb. Dec. July Nov. Oct. 1, 18G7 31, 1868 11, 1873 15, 1876 26, 1879 7, 1884 24, 1887 New Brunsv Prince Edwfl IJritish Colni .Manitoba. . Tlic Territoi 1, 1807 14, 1868 5, 1873 18, 1873 ) 30, imi 8, 1887 1, 18C7 31, 1868 11, 1873 15, 1871! 26, 187!t . 7, 1884 24, 1887 • CONSTITUTION VND GOVERNMENT. LIKUTKNANT (JOVKKNOKS OK THE PROVINCKS OF CANADA SINCE ADMISSION INTO THE CONFEDERATION-Couo/m/r7 14, 1808 f>, 1873 !<•», 187S 11. 18K0 31, 1885 10, 1873 22, 1873 14, 1871) 1, 1884 2, 188,..- i •■..■■'t sas«<«°==^-:^^*"5g?!5 i " i IN ' ilfti m .1 ■ I ; - 1 -.1 .'t ":| :l •1' :i ■:!'t lii'i i 60 CHAPTER I. PROVINCE OF ONTARIO. (finterfd Oi»iift'tl»Tati(tii, IhI July, IstS".) HKAT OF (iOVKRNMKXT-TORONTO. LlKlTKNANT-CrOVKKNOH— Hon. SiK Ai.KXANDKH CaMI'HKI.L, K.C.M.fJ. KXECUTIVK COUNCIL. 1800. Attorney -(Jeneriil Hon. Oliver Mownt. CoinmiMHiouer of Crown LivndH " Public WorkM " Secrt'tury and RegiHtrar " Tn-UNiirer " MiniMter of Education " MiuiHter of Agriuulturt- " LE(JlSLATirREH SINCE 18()7. A. S. Hardy. C. F. FiaHor. John M. (iilwon. A. M. RoHH. (i. W. RoHH. Ciiui-leH Drury. No. OF Lkgislatcrks. SeH- HionH. Ist Legislature. 2nd Legislature 3rd Legislature . 4th Legislature. 5th Legislature. 6th Legislature. Ist.... 2nd... 3rd... 4th. . . 1st.... 2nd. . . 3rd... 4th. . . 1st.... 2nd. . 3rd... 4th... 1st.... 2nd. . . 3rd... 4th. . . Ist.. . . 2nd. . . 3rd... Ist... 2nd. . . 3rd... 4th... Date of OjH'uing. IM'. 27, IHfi".. Nov. 3, 1808.. " 3, 18t)i».. Dec. 7, 1870.. Dec. 7, 1871.. Jan. 8, 1873.. " 8, 1874.. Nov. 12, 1874.. Nov. 26, 1875.. Jan. 3, 1877.. " », 1878.. '• !», 187!>.. Jan. 8, 1880.. •* 13, 1881.. •• 12,1882.. Dec. 13, 1882.. Jan. 23, 1884.. '• 28, 188i5.. " 28, 1886.. Feb. 10, 1887.. Jan. 26, 1888.. " 24, 188».. " 30, 1890.. Prorogation. iMar. 4, 1868.. I Jan. 23, 186Jt.. Dec. 24, 186!».. Feb. 15, 1871., Dissolution. -Feb. 25, 1871. Mar. 2, 1872.. ^ 29, 1873.. i I " 24; 1874.. 1 -J -Dec. 23, 1874. Dec. 21, 1874. Feb. 10, 1876.. K 2, 1877.. ! Mar, " 7; 1878 " 11, 1879.. Mar, 5, 1880.. 4, 1881.. " 10, 1882.. Feb. 1, 1883.. Mar. 25, 1884.. " 30, 1885.. ' 25, 1886.. Ai)ril23, 1887.. Mar. 23, 1888.. 23,1889.. April 7, 1890. April 25, 1879. 'Feb. 1, 1883. / Nov. 15, 1886. / April 26, 1890. CONSTITUTION AND GOVERNMENT. LK<}IHLATIVK AH8EMBLY. Hl'KAKKW— Hon. .FaCOII UaXTKH. ClKUK— CHAh. T. (ill.l.MOK. 01 ronMtitm'Uclt'H. Ke))rpHf'ntativt'H. AildiiiKtoii — AIkoiiiu, KoMt. Alpiiiui, Wt'Ht liiant, N.R... Hmiit, S.K.... MiiickvilU'. . . ISriict', N.R. . . Wvwv, H.R... Miiicf, C.R... Ciinhvi'Il ( "iirlfton ( ' (I r u w ft 1 1 ivikI Storin(ii\t Dutfciin |)llll(lllM Dtiiliiuii, K.R. .. Diiiliiini, W.R,. KiKiii, K.R KlK'in, W.R Ksstx, N.R Khscx, iS.R Froiiteiinc (llciijfarry (in-nvillf (iiev, N.R (Jivv, C.R <; ivy, H.R Hiilrlimaml Hiilton lianiilton Hastings, W.R.. HastiiifjH, K.R. . HastingH, N.R. . Huron, K.R.. . Union, H.R. ... Huron, W.R... . K.nt, K.R K»'nt, W.R Kingston fianibton, K.R. . Ijainhton, W.R.. Lanark, N.R... . Lanark, S.R. . . . L.-f(ls Lt-nnox Lincoln London Mi.kllesex, K.R. .Tolin Htt'wart Miller. RolN>rt A;h«on. Archibald Bishtm. Hon. Alex. M. Ross. Rolwrt Fergiison. JameH Clancy. .TameM H. Metcalfe. Peter (Iraham. Chas. McKenzie. W. C. Caldwell. William Lees. Rolwrt H. Preston. Walter W. Meacham. William Garson. William R. Meredith. Richard Tooley. GonHtituencieH. ' ReprPsentativeN. Middlesex, N.R, Midi\. Hon. < Oliver Mowat. Angus McKay. Hanuiel Armstrong. Kenneth Chisholm. <»eorge Hess. Thomas Ballant.vne. Tlutnias lilezi rd. Toronto. ( Victoria, K.R Victoria, W.R.. Waterloo, N.R. WaterlfK), H.R. Welland j Wellington, H.Rl Wellington, K.R Wellington. >V.R Wentworth.N.R Wentw< rtii, H.R York, E.R. . ' York, W.R. York, N.R.. .Tames R. Htratton. Alfred Kvanturel. John A. Hpragne. .Tohn A. McAndrew. Thomas Murray Alex. Robillard. Hon. Charles Drury. Thomas Wylie. Orson J. Pln'lp.x. Kdward F. Clarke. Henry K. Clarke. .Tolin Leys. Jolm Fell. John H. Cruess. '■: W. B. Hnyder. •f'Ki.c Master, .fjvuies E. Morin. Donald Guthrie. Charles Clarke. Absalom H. Allan. James McMahon. Nicolas Awrey. George B. Hmith. .John T. Gilmonr. E. L. Dayiw. The above Assembly was dissolved on the 26th April, 18!H). 4J •• , ■ . •;v>;'h ■■'■:%... • I. . < J . "f / '4 i1 i . j 1 ■ » 1 ' i 1 r i : 'i i '.: If I i;t lii ^1 I J '"■'11 52 CHAPTER I. PROVINCE OF QUEBEC. (Entered Cu.ifyderation, Ist July, 1S(»7.) SEAT OF (JOVERNMENT-QUEBEC. LiEUTENANT-GovKKNOR— Hon. Auguhte Real Angers. EXECUTIVE COUNCIL. 1890. Prtniier and President of the Council Hon. H. Mercier. Commissioner of Crown Lands " G. Duhamel. Treasurer " Jos. Shehyn. Connnissioner of Public Works " P. Garneau. Provincial Secretary " J. E. Robidoux. Attorney-General " A. Turcotte. Commissioner of Ajfriculture and Colonization " W. Rhodes. Meml)er without office " A. Boyer. LEGISLATURES SINCE 18(J7. No. OK LE»iISI.ATl'KES. 1st Legislature 2nd I^egislature . Sessions. Date of Oiie.'iing. Prorogation. Dissolution. ,Srd Legislature 4th Legislature 5th Legislature 6th Legislature 1st. 2nd 3rd. 4th. 1st . 2nd 3rd. 4th. 1st. 2nd 3rd. . iDec. jJan. .'Nov. . JNov. ■I " iDec. 27, lH(i7. 20, 1S«{). 23 ison. 3, 1870. 7,1871. 7, 1872. 4, 1873. 3, 1874. Feb. Ajiril Feb. Dec. Dec. iNov. .5, 1875. 11, 187«>. Dec. 19,1877. 1st June 5,1878. 2nd " lit, 1879. 3rd May 28, 1880. 4th April 28, 1881. 24, 18(;8.. 5, 18(>9. . 1, 1870. . 24, 1870. . Ist . 2nd 3rd. 4th. 5th. Ist. 2nd 3rd. 4th. March 9, 1882. Jan. 18, 1883. March 28, 1884. 5, 1885. April 8, 1886. Jan. 27, 1887. May 15, 1888. Jan. 8, 1889. 7, 1890. May 27, 1871. / 23, 1871.. " 24, 1872 . Jan. 28,1874.. Feb. 23, 1875. . Dec. 24, 1875. . " 28,1876.. March 9, 1878. . July 20, 1878. . Get. 31, 1879. . July 24, 1880. . June 30,1881.. May 27, 1882.. Pi March 30, 18^3.. June 10,1884.. ' May 9, 1885. . June 21,1886.. May 18, 1887. . July 12,1888.. March 21, 1889.. April 2, 1890 . June 7, 1875. -March 22,1878. ■Nov. 7, 1881. -Sept. 9, 1886. May 10, mm. CONSTITUTION AND GOVERNMENT. PROVINCE OF QUEBEC. LEGISLATIVE COUNCIL. .Si'KAKEu— Hon. p. Boucheh de la PaukRE. Clerk— G. Bolchek de Boucherville. Divisions. Nanio. Alma lieclford Di' la Durantaye De Lanaudiere. . De la Valliere . . De Lorirnier De Salaberry . . . (Jolfe (iraiidville Inkerinan Iveiiebec Lasalle Tourville, Loui». Wood, Thomas. Garneau, PieiTe. Sylvestre, Louis. Methot, Fran9ois X. O. Laviolette, Joseph G. Starnes, Henry. Ross, David A. Dionne, Elisee. Bryson, junior, (ieorge. Cormier, Naixileon Chas. Larue, F. X. P. Divisions. Lauzon . Nfime. Larochelle, L. N. Les LanrentidesjBresse, Guillaume. Mille Isle |Marsil, David. Montarville De Boucherville, C. B. Rei)entigny ' Archambault, Horace. I Rigaud : Provost, Wilfrid. Rougeniont 'La Bruere, P. B. de. ! Shawinegan . . i Ross, John Jones. Sorel Stadacona . Dorion. Joseph A. Hearn, John. Victoria I Ward, James K. Wellington . . Gilnian, Francis E. 53 .":;C V .^. ..'■ '■ 'i ;• ''-■Vi '>' '■' ..-iii ^':vv•;■■■| ''.^•^.! ■v. ■'•■ ■■ -i It M m 1 f 1 'i ■■.fit ■ lit t' ^•s' •|;! |: 1 54 CHAPTER I. PROVINCE OF QUEBEC. LEGISLATIVE ASSEMBLY. Spkaker— Hon. F. G. Marchanm. Clerk— L. Delorme. 1 'resident of 1 Attorney- Gei Connnissionei Mt'nib<.'rs witl The above Assembly was dissolved on the 10th May, 18iK). Xo. OK Legi l^t Legislatun 2n(i Legislatui ',M Legislator 4tli Lt'gislatin- •'itit Legislatur f •itli Legislatur ' CONSTITUTION AND GOVERNMENT. PROVINCE OF NOVA SCOTIA. (Entered Confederation, Ist July, 1867). SEAT OF GOVERNMENT— HALIFAX. Lieutenant-Governor— Hon. Archibald VVoodbuhy McLelan. EXECUTIVE COUNCIL. 1890. 1 'resident of the Council and Provincial Secretary Hon. W. S. Fielding. Attorney- General " J. W. Longley. Connn'Bsioiier of Works and Mines " Charles E. Church. Mcnilx'rs without Office " Thomas Johnson. " " " Angus Macgillivray. •' Daniel McNeil. " " " Duncan C. Fraser. LEGISLATURES SINCE 1867. No. OK Legislatures. Ses- sions. Date of Oi)ening. 1-t Legislature. i*lst. .. Jan. 30, 1808.. ,2nd April 29, I860.. 3rd. :4th. 2n(l Legislature ;{nl Legi.slat.ire 4th Legi.slature l.st.. 2nd. 3rd. 1st.. 2nd. 3rd.. 4th. jtli Legi.slature titii Legislature. 1st.. 2nd. 3rd. 4th. Feb. 17, 1870., " 2, 1871.. Feb. 22, 1872.. " 27,1873.. Mar. 12, 1874.. Mar. 11, 1875.. Feb. 10, 1876.. " 15,1^77.. " 21,1878.. Mar. 6, 1870.. Feb. 2^>, 1880.. Mar. 3, 1881.. Jan. 19, 1882.. 1st.. 2nd. 3rd. 4th. Prorogation. Dissolution. Sept. 21, 18»J8.. -V June 14, 1869.. ( Aprill8, 1870.. r " 4, 1871.. I J April 18, 1872. " 30, 18"" May 7,18' May (), 1875, April 4, 187(5, " 12, 1877, " 4, 1878, April 17, 1871. ov. 23, 1874. Aug. 21, 1878. April 17, 1879.. " 10, 1880,. " 14, 1881.. Mar. 10, 1882.. Feb. 8, 1883. . April 19, 188.S. " 14, 1884.. I " 19,1884. " 19,1885..! " 24,1885. " 25, 1886.. May 11, 1886. 1st !Mar. 10, 1887.. iMay 3, 1887. 2nd... . . . Feb. 23, 1888.. April 16, 1888. 3rd 4th 21, 1889. 20, 1890.. 17, 188i>.. 15, 1890.. -May 23, 1882. -May 20, 1886. 1. April 21, 1890. *Adjourned 25th February till 6th August, 1868. 55 : '. .-••..■•.in ... , ■v-:.i • ^i'l''' .-•n f-' ■'■ . -41' .■1* .^>.'^v.| . '*■ ■ I i li 56 CHAPTER I. PROVINCE OF NOVA SCOTIA. LEGISLATIVE COUNCIL. PREHIDEXT— Hon. Robert Boak, Halifax. Clerk— Albert Peters. The Honourable — John McKinnon. Samuel Creelman. D. McN. Parker. Loran L. Baker. Charles M. Franeheville. David McCurdy. Hiram Black. W. H. Owen. Geo. Whitman. The Honourable — Samuel Locke. M. H. Goudge. W. H. Ray. Thos. L. Dodge. Jno. McNeil. Duncan C. Eraser. Jason M. Mack. Geo H. Murray. LIKL■TBNA^ I'lt'inier and J I'rovincial Sec Cliief Commis Surveyor-Gen( Solicitor-Gene Meniljers with !■ !•. K LEGISLATIVE ASSEMBLY. Speaker— Hon. M. J. Power. * Clerk— J. W. Ouselev. Constituencies, AnnaiHjlis Co Antigonish.. . Cajie lireton Colchester . . . Cuml)erland Digby Guysborough. Halifax Hants Membei-s. Hon. J. W. Longley. Frank Andrews. Hon. A. Macgillivray. Colin F. Mclsaac. Colin Chishohn. Wm. McKay. (ieo. Clark. F. A. Laurence. T. R. Black. R. L. Black. Henry M. Robichau. John S. McNeill. Otto S. Weeks. James A. Fraser. Hon. Wm. S. Fielding. Hon. M. J. Powttr. Wm. Roche, jun. Allan Haley. Arch. Frame. Constituencies. Inverness King's . . Lunenburg Co Pictou Queen's Richmond .... Shelbunie Victoria Yai mouth .... Members. H \}. D. McNeil. « .n McKinnon. L. Rand. Wm. C. Bill. Hon. C. E. Church. J. D. Sixjrry. W. Cameron. G. McCoU. C. H. Munro. Jos. H. Cotik. A. M. Hemeon. Jos. Matheson. David A. Heam. Wm. F. McCoy. Hon. Thos. Johnson. John A. Fraser. John L. Bethune. Albert Gayton. William Law. The above Assembly was dissolved on tlie 21st April, 1890. ht General As 2iul (ieneral As 3rd General As 4th General As nth (Jeneral As (ith General As 7th General As CONSTITUTION AND GOVERNiMENT. PROVINCE OF NEW BRUNSWICK. (Entered Confederation, l&t July, 18(57.) SEAT OF GOVERNMENT— FREDERICTON. LiKCTENANT-GovKRNOR— Hon, Sib Samuel Leonaui) Tilley, C.B., K.C.M.G. EXECUTIVE COUNCIL. 1890. Treinier and Attorney-General Hon. A. G. Blaiv. ] V( I vincial Secretary " James Mitchell. Chief Commissioner of Public Works . . " P. G. Ryan. Surveyor-General " Lemuel J. Tweedie Solicitor-General " Wm. Pugsley, Jr. Meniljers without office " A. Harrison. " I). McLellan. " " Oliver J. Leblanc. " GENERAL ASSEMBLIES SINCE mil. No. ov (iKXEKAL AHHEMBLIE.S. Ses- sions, 1st General Assembly. . 2ud (General Assembly. . 3rd General Assembly . . 4th (ieneral Asseuibly . . .5th (General Assembly . . (ith General Assembly . . 7tli (xeneral Assembly . . 1st.. 2nd 3rd 1st.. 2nd 3rd. 4th. .5th. InL. . 2nd 3rd. 4th. otli . 1st... 2nd . 3rd.. 4th.. 1st.. 2nd, 3rd. 4th. .5th. 1st.. 2nd 3rd. Date of Oix^ning. Feb. 13, 18(58., Mar. 4, 18(5{>. Feb. 10, 1870., Feb. 1(5, 1871. April .5, 1871. Feb. 29, 1872. " 27, 1873, " 12, 1874. Feb. 18, 1875. " 17, 1870. '♦ 8, 1877. Aug. 28, 1877. Feb. 2«, 1878. Feb, 27, 1879. Mar. 9, 1880. Feb. 8, 1881. " 1(5, 1882. Feb. 22, 1883. April 12, 1883. Feb. 28, 1884. " 2(5, 1885. " 25, 1880. Mar. 3, 1887. i " 1, 1888. i " 7, 1889. Prorogation. Dis.solution. Mar. 23, 18(58.. i^ |April21, 18(59..! ^June 3, 187( " 7, 1870..; j iFeb. 22, 1871.. May 17, 1871.. April 11, 1872.. : " 14, 1873.. I " 8, 1874.. April 10, 1875.. " 13,187(5.. Mar. 1(5, 1877.. Sept. 5, 1877.. April 18, 1878.. May 15, 1874. May 14, 1878. ) 1st Mar. 13, 1890. April 15, 1879.. \ April (5, 1882.. J Mar. 3, 1883.. May 3, 1883.. , April 1, 1884.. 1 April 2, 1880. " (5, 1885. " 2, 188(5.. J April 5, 1887. " 6, 1888.. I- Dec. 30 1889 " 17, 1889. April 23, 1890. 67 V • t . '.V - • *. »»^■. , , • ' '■''.,■■'•• ■'. ■ "■{'•;' ■■; ■■'-■.'■■ ''I ' ' ' '','■■•' ■ , 'C. '•■■■ I., „■ , ' HI "■:' -vi .? -W 'I. ''■ \r ' . ' t .' -i!! ■ f- 1 . •■•1 .1^ 5 i I" ■; H llfil I! ||> ■ Iv jii; m II I 58 CHAPTER I. TROVINCE OP NEAV BRUNSWICK. LEiaSLATIVK COUNCIL. ' 1890. PiiKsiDKN'i -Hon. Gkouok F. Hill. Clerk of thk LKGisL-ii'ivE Council— GEOiwiE Botskikd. The Honourable— Barber ie, .1. Cuiianl. Flewellirg', (4. Hudson Harrison, Archibald. Hill, GeorKe F. (President). Holly, James. Jones, Thomas Rosenele. -N'cTnerney, Owen. The Homuirablc -- IJiohard, Amliroise D. Ryan, James, Tli<;;ii;ison, Fred. V, Wliilv, (reorge W. Wo»x1m, Francis. YounKs Kobcrt. LEGISLATIVE ASSEMBLY. Speakkk— Hon. Albeut S. White. Clerk — Henky Baktleit Rainskoro. Members. Albert { Carleton Charlotte -[ (iloucester - K.nt { King's j Madawaska Northumljerl'd I Queen's Turner, (Jaius S. Lewis, William J., M.D. Atkinson, M. C, M.D. Ketchum, G. Randoli)h. Doxiglass, William. Hibbard, George. Mitchell, Hon. James. Russell, James. Poirier, Joseph. Ryan, Hon. Patrick G. LeBlanc, Hon. Oliver J. Phinney, James D. Pugslej', Hon. Wm., jr. Taylor, George L., M.D. White, Hon. Albert S. Theriault, Levite. Burchill, John P. O'Brien, John. Robinson, James, Tweedie, Hon. L. .7. Hetherington, Thomas. Queen's Restigouche . . Sunbury St. John City . St. JohnCo'y. I Victoria Westmoreland -! York - . . Palmer, Albert. / LaBillois, Charles H. t Murray, William. ( Harrison, Charles B. Perley, William E. Alward, Silas. Smith, Alljert Colby. McKeown, Harrison A. Rourke, James. Shaw, William. Stockton, A. A. Baird, George T. Melanson, Oliver M. Hanington, Daniel L. Powell, Henry A. Stevens, Henry T. Anderson, John. Bellamy, Richard. Blair, Hon. Andrew G. Wilson. William. Premier, Presidt ture and Im A ttorney-Genert Minister of Publ Provincial Secre( 1 Vovincial Treasi No. OF Legisl^ 1st, Legislature. 2iiil Legislature. Si(l Legislature 4tli Legislature. . otli Legislature . Oth Legislature. . 7th Legislature. * Adjourned Febrnaiy till 2nc t Adjourned 1«70, till 27th Ml X Adjourned § Adjourned CONSTITUTION AND GOVERNMENT. PROVINCE OF MANITOBA. (K'ltered ConfecU'iation, 15th July, 1870.) SEAT OF GOVERNMENT- WINNIPKG. LiEUTKNANT-GovKRNOK— Hon. John Chhistian Schultz. EXECUTIVE COUNCIL. 1890. I'ri'tnier, President of the Coimcil and Minister of Agricul- ture and Imniigration Hon. Thomas Greenway. A ttDrney-General and Railway Commissioner " Joseph Martin. Minister of Public Works " James A. Smart. I'lovincial Secretary " Daniel McLean. I ■iiivincial Treasiirer " Daniel H. McMillan . LEGISLATURES SINCE 1870. 69 ra Ses- No. OK LE(iI8l.XTUKK«. ^-^^^^ sH. Ib. E. )lby. ison A. ;M. iel L. d. ew G. 1st. Lepislature. L'licl Legislature. 'Md Legislature . 4tli Legislature., Date of Oi)ening. Prorogation. Mar. 15, 1871. Jan. 10, 1872. Feb. 5, 1873. Nov. 4, 1873. 1st Mar. 31, 18Vo. 2nd .... Jan. 18, 187l>. 3rd I " 30, 1877. 4th ' " 10, 1878. ntli Legislature . Otli Legislature. . 7th Legislature. May Feb. Mar July May Feb. 3, 21, 8. — "> 1», 4, 28, 2, 1871. 1872. 1873. 1874. 1875. 187«5. 1877. 1 1878. J Dissolution. \ Dec. 1«5, 1874. U- ov. 11, 1878. tlst.... Feb. 1, 1879. June 25, 187!t. Nov." 20, 187!), I. 1st .Tan. 22, 2nd . . . Dec. 10, 3nl Mar. .3, 4th April 27, 1880. 1880. 1881. 1882. Feb. Dec. May 14, 23, 25, 30, 1880. }JJ|}- [-Nov. 13, 1882. 1882! J 1st May 17, 2nd .... Mar. 13, 3rd " Vi, 4th. Ist.. 2nd 4, . . April 14, Fan. 12, tut .... Aug. 28, 82nd. . . . Nov. 8, 3rd Jan . 30, 1883. 1884. 1885. 18W>. 1887. 1888. 1888. 1888. 18iM). July .Tune May .Tune May Oct Man. 3, 2, 28, 10, 18, U\, 5, 31. 1883. ^ 1884. I ^r 1880. J l^-_ , .,ov. 11. 188.1. }5J5-|}june 10, 1888. 1888. 1880.1 1890. 1 * Adjourned 8th November, 1873, till 5th February, 1874 ; adjourned from 5th Febmaiy till 2nd July, 1874. t Adjourned 7th February, 1879, till 8th April, 1879 ; adjinirned from 8th April, 1S7!), till 27th May, 1879. : Adjourned September 10, 1888, to October i(», 1888. § Adjourned Novemlnjr 17, 1888, to January 31, 1889. V. ■■: ,; ■ . ,. '\ ■»• . I t %•■ 60 I "i CHAPTER I. • PEOVINCE OF MANITOBA. LE(4ISLATIVE ASSEMBLY. Speaker— Hon. Wm. Winkam. Ci-kuk— E. G. Conklin. CONSTITl'KNX'lKM. Beautiful Plains. . Birtle Brandon, City Carillon Cartier. Centre WinniiMjg. Cypresw Dennis . . . Duflferin Emerson Killarney Kildonan > . . , Lakeside Lansdt>wne La Verandrye .... Lome Manitoti Minnedosa Morden Morris Mountain Norfolk North Brandon . . . North Winniiieg . , Portage la Prairie . Roekwofxl . . . ■ . . Rosenfeldt Russell St. Andrews St. Boniface Shoal Lake Souris . South Brandon . South Winniijeg, . Springfield Turtle Mountain . . Weftl)ourne Woodlands Mkmbrrm. 1). H. Crawford, John. Mickle, Chas. .f. Smart, Hon. .las. Jerome, Martin, (ielley, Thomas. McMillan, Hon. W<«)d, E. J. McLean, Hon. Daniel. Rob. in, R. P. Thon.'son, Jas. Young, r. M. Norauay, Thoii...n. McKenzie, K. • Dickson, E. Lagiincxliere, Wm. O'Malley, R. (i. Winram, Hon. Wm. Gillies, .r. D. Lawrence, Alex. , Martin, A. F. (ii-eenway, Hon. Thos. Thompson, S. J. Siftou, Clifford. .Tones, L. jVL Martin, Hon. Joseph. Jackson, S. J. Winkler, Enoch. Fisher, James. Colcleugh, F. W. Marion, Roger, narrower, Jas. Camplwll, A. McI, (Jraham, H. C. Campbell, Isaac. Smith, Thos. H. Hettle, John. Morton, Thos. L. Prendergast. Jas. E. P. I'n'sident of the .Vttorney-Generj I'rciiiier, Provin Clerk of Ex( Chief Connnissio Minister of Fina ■r|,.. 'Ai No. OF LEUI8U 1st Lejfislature. . 2n(l Legislature :W Lpgislature.. 4th Legislature. . I 5tb Legislature. . CONSTITUTION AND GOVERNMENT. rROVINCE OF BRITISH COLUMBIA. (Entered Confederation, 20th July, 1871'.) SEAT OF GOVERNMENT - VICTORIA. LiK'JTKNANT-GovKRNOH— Hon. Hugh Nklmon. EXECUTIVE COUNCIL, 1890. IVcsident of the Council » Hon. Chan. E. Pooley. Attorney-General " Theodore Davie. I'lcmier, Provincial Secretary, Minister of Mines and Clerk of Executive Council " .Fohn Robson. Chief Commissioner of Lands and Works " Forbes George Vernon^ Minister of Finance and Agriculture " .Folm Herln^rt Turner. LEGISLATURES SINCE 1871. No. OK Legislatures. 1st Legislature. I'lid Legislature 3r(l Legislature. 4tli Legislature. 5tl) Legislature. Ses- sions. Date of Opening. i Prorogation. Dissolution. Ist Feb. 15, 1872.. April 11, 1872.. 2nd ... . Dec. 17, 1872.. Feb. 21, 1873.. 3rd " 18, 1873.. Mar. 2, 1874.. 4th Mar. 1, 1875.. April 22, 1875.. Ist !jan. 10, 187f>.. May 19, 187fi.. 2nd ... . Feb. 21, 1877.. AprillS, 1877., 3rd... . " 7. 1878.. " 10, 1878.. 1st 'july 2«, 1878.. Sept. 2, 1878.. 2nd ... . Jan. 2i), 1879.. April 21>, 1879.. 3rd April 5, 1880.. 'May 8, 1880, 4th. ■ -■ - - -. 6th. Jan. 24, 1881.. Mar. 25, 1881., Feb. 23, 1882..iApril21, 1882., Ist.. 2nd 3rd. 4th. 1st.. 2nd 3rd. 4th. Jan. 25,1883.. Dec. 3, 1883.. Jan. 12,1885.. " 25, 1886.. Jan. 24, 1887.. ' 27, 1888.. ' 31, 1889.. ' 23, 1890.. May 12, 1883.. Feb. 18, 1884.. Mar. 9, 1885.. April (>, 1886.. April 7, 1887.. " 28, 1888.. " 6, 1889.. " 26, 18{)0.. ►August 30, 1875. ►April 12, 1878, -June 13, 1882. ^ June 3, 1886. ►May 10, 1890. 01 .r'^'^ M: ..'.,.' *! h'.l m M:vm :t. f '1 I '; 1 'I. .;, ■'i ' I .' .v.'^ ••■,'! " ■ t ' ■ • ■ . . ■ '1 .^1 ill!', im l^'U 1 I 1 ; - jj: ■ =r: ; ) r'- • ■ ' ''■■ ■■ i 62 CHAPTER I. PROVINCE OF BRITISH COLUMBIA. ' LKdIHLATIVK AS.HKMBLY. Spkakeu— H(»x. D. \V. Hkj(;in». Ci.khk-Thoknton Felu CoXSTITlKXt'IKS. Mkmbkkh. CttHMair |( trniit Jolui. / iCowaii, (tt'orge, CarUxxj ^ Mason, .Tii»t*ph, vNiiM)ii, 1. li. n • % I Croft, Henry. C^^^i*^'^*" \jFr,v, H.nry: Comox .... ' Hviniphrt'Vw, Hon. T. 15. V ■ u / P, 1876. April 18, 1877. " 18, 1878. Mar. 11, 1879. June 7, 1879. April 26, 1880. " 5, 1881. " a, 1882. April 27, 1883. " 17, 1884. •' 11, 1885. May 14, 1886. May 7, 1887. April 28, 1888. " 17, 1889. [july 1, 1876. J j- >^rtr. 12, 1879. AprillS, 1882. - Ju \y' 0, 1886. ijan. 7, 18!K). .* u •^. ■* » I'. " ' .*' i" ■ I i ':'"■' i-fiir !'•:' y^r vv, K'- •'.•• • \ .•'.i'Vv..; . ■ .1' t tl ii il; I. ::4lllHi 64 CHAPTER I. PROVINCE OF PRINCE EDWARD ISL;^..nO. LK(;iSLATIVK COUNCIL. H Phkkikks't • - - . Cl.KKK <»!•• TMK CoL'NCII< n. John Malderston. ' Thomas W. Dodd. ' J. W. FriiHer. ' Thomas Kickliani. ' Alexander Laird. ' .\. ]\. .Mac Ken /.!♦•. Hon. Tiiomam W. Doiii). JoH.v Bam,. Hon. Peter S. Mc\\itt. " .roseph .Muriiliy. " .Fames Nicholson. " Benjamin RoKers. " .Fohn (f. !Scrimgeo\i Two \ucancies. LKIJISLATIVK ASSKMBIA'. Si'KAKKU ClKHK ok THK ASMKMIH.Y Hon. I'.vthick Bi.akk. AlU'HIHALI) McNkILU CONSTITIKNCIKS. Mkmiikrh. Kina "s Co)uity < <« (t *( tt it I's Coimtj «« i< it i( .( (i i( (( II e County «i II ■ Princ Charlottetown i* Ist District . . «i 2nd District... . '.'.'.".'.'.'. ti .3rd District ii 4th District it i 1 . 5th District 11 H Indian Commii lion. Mr. JuH 4 CONSTITUTION AND GOVERNMENT. V0RTF-WE8T TERRITORIES. (A(UI«d to the Duminion, 15th July, 1870.) SEAT OP GOVERNMENT-REOINA. LikutenantGovkrnor— Hon. Johkph Royal. I N I HAN COMMIHHIONER, HaVTKR RrKD. AhhT. INDIAN COMMIMMIONKR, A. E. FOR» RT. 05 ADVISORY COUNCIL. 1800. (ApiH)inted by the Lieutenant-Governor.) R. a. Brett, Banff. .John Secord, Houth Regina. B. P. RioharrlHon, Wolseley. J. F. Betta, Prince Albert. LEGISLATIVE ASSEMBLY. Lroal Exprrth. (Appointed by the Governor General in Council.) Hon. Mr. JuHtice Richarduon, Regina. | Hon. Mr. Justice Rouleau, Calgary Hon. Mr. Justice Maoleod, Macleod. Clrrk ok Ahhembly - - R. B. Gordon. CONSTITURNCIRS. IJatoche . . . Biittleford , (.'iiljfary . . . Kdmonton. Kinistino Macleixl Medicine Hat. . . . M(K)se .Taw MiKwomin North i^i'Appelle. North Kegina. . . Prince Albert Mkmbrrs. R/'Deer. Soiiris South Qu'Appelle. South Regina Walhvce . . Whitewood Wulseley Hillyard Mitchell. James ClinkskilL •Tohu Linehani. H. S. Cayley. H. C. Wilson. Frank Oliver. James Hoey. F. W. G. Haultain. Thomas Tweed. Jas. H. Ross. Jno. Ryerson Neff . Wm. Sutherland. David F. Jelly. Wm. Pearson. Jno. F. Betts. Robt. G. Brett. Jno. G. Turriff. Geo. S. Davidson. Jno. Secord. Joel Reaman. Alex. G. Thorbum. B. P. Richardson. ■;':•.■;••'; r •^•; I - ,1 ■ . u ' S^■^■ Ki'J^■, '■' . 'I ,„ ,, ::,'\ :l '-^, '•1 V . A '• ",» ; i ...; ,* '. i'*" <1 . 1 "i* * ' • •>'*"■ 'll ^t' ^ , 1* V ,* '• ^i '■'■ ' f ■' 1 ■-■■'■. . ! j' •1 '■•\>'' M, '; •I ''■■■'4 :;.v;;.^-,ii •( 1.: .t ! !i' 31 r ■ ii I ■ ■!■, 66 CHAPTER I. HIGH COMMISSIONER FOR CANADA IN LONDON. Offices— 17 Victoria Street, London, S. W. HON. SIR CHARLES TUPPER, BART., G.C.M.G. Secretaky— Joseph G. Colmek, C.M.G. PREVIOUS HIGH COMMISSIONERS. Name. Date of Apix>intment. Hon. Sir Alexander T. Gait, G.C.M.G Hon. Sir Charles Tupper, G.C.M.G Hon. Sir Charles Tupiier, G.C.M.G May 11, 1880. May 30, 1883. May 23, 1888. The High 78. In January, 1887, Sir Charles Tupper resigned the High sioner. Commissionership, and came to this country to fill the position of Minister of Finance, which position he resigned in May, 1888, and was re-appointed High Commissioner. Governors 79. The foUowiug table gives a list of British Possessions, Posses- with the date of acquisition, form of Government and name of Governor in each case. The Colonies may be divided into four classes, viz. : Crown colonies : which are entirely controlled by the Imperial Government. Representative : in which the Crown only has a veto on legislation, but the Imperial Government retains control of public offices. Responsible : in which the Crown has a veto on legislation > but no control over public offices. Protectorate : more or less organised Gov- ernment, administered by the Crown : — ^1 . ■a a 05S < 2 1 as ^^ "^ A ■A > O CONSTITUTION AND GOVERNMENT. 5i ^^ 30X90 3t9)«S <£ e': ■ f':'. .. .' ■ : IM ■ ■■■;••:.. h •i, •■■,..H •; \. i. ''• ; .'.' ' •■■ t 4 . •;,■.' i|; ; 1 1. ,• , , Hi:!' I? »;' ii:! " It h !■ }-.'■ ■* i"i. . ■; E' " ' * 1^ vi' 68 CHAPTER I. I a: W a; o 111 H M o Q O OS o !l^ 56 S" 3 a I I^H ^ t4H H 9 H .9 § i H ^ ••6 H "^ - H l\ £ *: 3> t ^B $ ll Of > o c .1 si < i o i? * 0".S o 3 6 CONSTITUTION AND GOVERNMENT. iSil 3» « S'^ ^as §5 S5S >>"E h M I'tl •' -go ^1: O IS 5 i s s I § So :g :5 6 :^ s" -OdW -d :«i :£^^ id ^ 05« l: tfu^d d : uid si :o •.S ■ « .10 i i OC5 b •^ b .5 5 'O o Ih: So s I U I I OPS s o i S13 sis « a c3 1 S e I 69 'V' ,". ; ', ■';;.^- .;■«' ^.. ♦ ^ •V>Vv ■ ■■ A. LtS , : I . . ', , V, "r '^■'v ' V :.;,-"*■ '1 ..^ CHAPTER r. .Sovereigns 80. A list is giveii below of the sovereigns and rulers of the in princi- principal countries in the world, with dates of birth, titles and tries^"" dates of assumption of office. Oldest and 81. Doni Podro II, Emperor of Brazil, who had reigned rei^^fng longer than any other ruler, was, by a revolution in November, sovereigns, jggc)^ driven from that country, and a Kepublic formed in place of the Empire, and it will be seen, therefore, that Queen Viciori'i has now reigned 11 years longer than any other ruloi- in the table, having succeeded to the throne in 1887, at the Age of eighteen years. Her Majesty, however, is not tlu; <.>l( King of Prussia King of the Hellenes,, ...... King of the Netherlands . . . King of Italy Mikado of Japan 1888 Greece George I William III Humbert Mutsuhito 1845 1817 1844 1852 1864 Holland Italy Japan 1849 1878 1867 I > s M CONSTITUTION AND GOVERNMENT. SOVEREIGNS AND RULERS IN PRINCIPAL qOUNTRIES, 1890— Concluded. 71 Country. >[exico Mcmtenegro Morocco r.rsia l\ru rortiiKal KdUinania Russia Servia iSlJain Sweden and Nor way. Switzerland Tunis Turkey I'nited States Zanzibar. Name. Year of Birth. Title. Year of Acces- sion or Assump tion of Office. 1 Porfirio Diaz. N'cholas Aiiilai Hassan . . Nasser-ed-Desn . General Caceres. 1841 1831 1829 Dom Carlos I . Charles I 18453 1831' Ale.^ander III . Alexander I Alfonso XIII. . . Maiia Christina. Oscar II Louis Ruchonnet. 1845 1876 1886 1858 182f> Sidi Ali Pasha Abdnl Haniid II ... . Benjamin Harrison.. Seyyid Ali 1817 i 1844 ia33 1855 President of the Confederate Republic of Mexico. Prince of Montenegppo . . . . Sultan of Moroccj Shah of Persia President of the Republic of Peru. King of Portugal Prince of Roumania King of " Czar of Russia King of Servia King of Spain Queen Regent King of Sweden and Nor- way. President of Swiss Confed- eration.* Bey of Tunis Sultan of Turkey President of the United States. Sultan of Zanzibar 1884 1860 1873 1848 1886 1880 1866 1881 1881 1889 1886 1885 1872 1890 1882 1876 1889 1890 * Elected annually. ','■., :' 1. ■ i ' 1 * , * ' M '.'^•.■:.' Vfl ft r # ■ $ ^*- '. ' •' i. ■•['^ . ■ ■ -'--..^ '. . / -'i: V ■;r. „ ■' ; i' ; ' '•■ I '' '. ■ ' ■ ' t' ■.■i M . ii; S.ili , if j:,'. ■Il • inii I -' 'J r / ■ 72 Census 1871 and 1881. « \ CHAPTER II, POPULATION AND VITAL STATISTICS. 82. The last census of the Dominion of Canada was taken on the 4th April, 1881, and the following table is a comparative statement of the population at that date, and on 2nd April, 1871, the date of the preceding census : — POPULATION OF CANADA— 1871 AND 1881. !; '1 Province. 1871. 1881. Males. Females. Total. Males. Femaii-s. Total. Jf nnce Edward Island. . . Nova Scotia 47,121 193,792 145,888 59<>,041 828,590 9.837 20,905 46,900 194.008 139,706 595,475 792,261 9,158 15,342 94,021 387,800 285,594 1,191,516 1,020,851 18,995 36,247 54,728 220,538 164,119 678,109 976,461 37,207 29,503 28,113 ,54,163 220,034 157,114 690,918 946,767 28,747 19,956 28,333 108,K1I1 440,572 New Brunswick Quebec 321,2.S3 1,359,(^27 Ontario 1,923,22,S Manitoba. British Columbia 65,it.)4 49,4,j!l The Territories 56,44(i Total 1,842,174 1,792,850 3,635,024 2,188,778 2,136,032 4,324,810 - - Increase. Province. Number. Percentage. Males. Females. Total. Males. Females. Total. Prince Edward Island. . . N^ova Scotia New Brunswick Quebec 7,607 26,746 18,231 82,068 147,871 27,370 8,598 7,263 26,026 17,408 85,443 154,506 19,589 4,014 14,870 52,772 35,639 167,511 302,377 46,969 13,212 161 13 7 12 4 13 7 17-8 278-2 411 15 4 13-4 12 4 14-3 19-5 213 9 30-0 15 s 13 () 124 140 Ontario 18() ]Vf anitoba 2472 British Columbia The Territories 36-4 Total 346,604 343,182 689,786 18-81 19 1 18 W POPULATION AND VITAL STATISTICS. 73 Full particulars of the census of the Dominion in 1881 will be found in the Statistical Abstracts for 1885 and 1886. 83. A census ofthreeofthe Provisional Districts in the North- S?",*.',*".., West Territories was taken in 1885, when the population was 1885, ka- tbund to be 48,362, and a census of Manitoba was taken in im\. ' 1886, showing a population of 108,640. Full particulars of tliesc census returns will be found in the Statistical Abstract for 1887 84. No information is available for ascertaining the increase of The iK>\m- population since 1881 (except as above mentioned), with any only be threat practical accuracy. The population used in diiferent *'''*""**^ parts of this work is derived from logarithmetical calculations leased on census returns, and is believed to be sufficiently near tlie mark to be of value in the calculations for which it is used ; but it will be readily understood that from the absence of returns of births and deaths and from the incessant movement of population, both ways, across the long frontier, of which it is impossible to keep any record, it is impossible to obtain any absolutely correct statement of the population between /•ensus years. 85. That the population, so calculated, is more correct than Apijamit corr©ctn(*H.s would be generally suppo8ed,is apparent from the close similarity of estim between the population of the Province of Ontario as estimated for this work anil according to the Registrar General's returns tor the Provincial Government. The population mathemati- cally calculated was found to be, on 3l8t December, 1887, 2,146 408, while taking the population of 1881, the excess of l)irth8 over deaths, and the average immigration, according to Provincial returns, it would be 2,152,290. 86. According to the census of 1881 the Indian or native India" . ° ^ Ijopulation population of Canada was 108,547, and in 1888, according to the report of the Department of Indian Affairs, it was 124,589, 'I >i ^' -C^y'r •■J ■ A.- %: ■■'■' w •■'/■ ■>'l. ■■ .'^I! V ,.«>. ■i 1 74 V i:. ■: / ' Difficulties in making Indians bpcome self-sus- taining. CHAPTER II. being an apparent increase of 16,042; but the figures as reported each year by the agents vary very considerably, and though there is no doubt that the number of Indians is increasing, there is no reason to suppose that they have increased to the extent the above figures would indicate. The fact that they have increased at all affords the strongCBt possible evidence of the wisdom of the policy pursued by the Government, and though the increase is at present mainly con- confined to the tribes in the eastern Provinces, these tribes have passed through experiences similar to those which the Indians of the North- West are now undergoing, and the time may be hopefully looked forward to when the latter, accustomed to domestic life, will increase in like manner. 87. The difliculty of bringing a race to so completely change its habits as to become self-sustaining by labour, when for cen- turies it has been unaccustomed to work of any kind, except what was required in the pursuit of game, is not sufficiently appre- ciated by the majority ; but to those who understand these matters it is not surprising that the progress towards self-sus- tenance is slow, and that the death rate, among many of the tribes, is, consequent on such a complete change of habits, exceptionally heavy. The tendency, however, of the Indians of the I^orth-West to adapt themselves to their surroundings, and to adopt at least the elementary methods of civilization, is steadily growing, and may be attributed in a great measure to the fact that the younger portion of the present generation have not had the same opportunity of acquiring the same taste for a roving life that their fathers had, but have grown up in the midst of scenes and under influences very diti'erent from those with which their fathers were familiar, and the same remarks applying with greater force to future generations make the outlook for the ultimate domestication of the Indian very promising. POPULATION AND VITAL STATISTICS. n 88. The following figures show that the Indians are steadily Number of boeorning more sensible of the benefits of education : — O'lan** Schools. M .M13ER OF PUPILS AT THE INDIAN SCHOOLS IN THE SEVERAL PROVINCES IN THE YEARS 1881, 1887 AND 1888. Provinces. Ontario Oilflit'C >(i\a Scotia. Xew Brunswick liritish Columbia I'l incv Edward Inland — ^Ncnth-WeHt Territories. Total. 1881. 1887. 1,907 2,037 404 480 107 108 67 115 6.52 .506 18 18 971 2,687 4,126 .5,951 1888. 1,974 455 131 91 512 23 2,941 6,127 * Manitoba included. 89. It will be seen that 2,000 children more than in 1881 are now being educated in Manitoba and the Territories, and this number is annually growing, and the eflfect of this in- creasing contact with civilizing influences is shown in many ways, by the improvement in +h^ir dwellings as they are erected, by a certain amount of attention on the part of some to sanitary measures, which, as far as possible, is insisted on by the agents ; by the gradual abandonment ot many of the old heathen celebrations, such as the " Sun Dance," &c., and by the increasing number who stay on the reserves, and endeavour to get something out of their land. The Government assist these latter in every possible way, by supplying them with seed, implements, cattle, and all things necessary for farming, as; well as by the appointment of inspectors on many of the reserves w^ho superintend operations and instruct the Indians in the first principles of farming. The following table will give some idea of the progress that has been made in this direction, the totals for 1881 having been added for comparison : — Process of civiliza- tion among the In- diaiiM. Particu- lars of land cultivated by Indiana in 1888. I' y-f P'-'l''''.; ' ^''v'v :i!m • '• •' 'I 1 i 1*11*^1 I >; 1.'. -i 76 CHAPTER II. •"i ' V ' It*- STATEMENT OF THE M'MBER OF ACRES CULTIVATED AND TJIK QLTANTITY OF PRODUCE RAISED BY INDIANS IN CANADA IN 1888 AND 1881. Provinces. Ontario C)ueljec ^ova Scotia New Brunswick Manitoba and the North Wf Mt TerritorioB , British Coluinl>ia Prince Edward Island Canada Canada, 1881 Renident Indian Popula- tion. 10,903 <5,731 2,145 1,594 2.% 940 17,922 319 69,554 46,962 AereH of Land Cultivated Provi 'if%-A. Ontario Quebec Nova Scotia New Brunswick Manitoba and North- West Territories. British Columbia Prince Edward Island Canada . Canada, 1881 69,252 8,804 2,050 832 10,228 6,970 177 98,313 75,305 Acren of Land newly Broken. 2,705 220 71 9 1,172 555 13 4,805 6,341 Total \(., of laipie- inents. 8,092 1,040 789 S51 28,808 4,478 79 Total No. (if Horse !<, Cattl. , Sheep mid PigH. 44,897 19,828 1.5,802 3,1(«» 2'.t2 lo,'«.s,s 23,01(1 2(i 53,l.V.i 28,5(1!! Bushels Bushels Tons of of of Grain. Roots. Hay. 164,000 64,178 5,913 55,3h4 19,716 1,724 1,749 8,200 522 5,080 6,645 249 77,017 115,423 13,0.•:.-! '. ,1 ..,1 ^, IMAGE EVALUATION TEST TARGET (MT-3) /. >.^!< :^ /. 4^ 4^ 4^ 1.0 ^1^ 1^ S IK ^" £ lis 12.0 1.1 i!f.i:' Photographic Sdences Corporation 23 WIST MAIN STHIT WnSTIR,N.Y. 14SM (7I«) t7a-4S03 &■' '^ \w^ 5^ 78 CHAPTER II. H R"''Ji ■ -J.! Van mm- irrogrei of Win 'and Vancou- ver. which figures are not given for 1881, of 68 per cent. The average rate of increase in population in all the cities and towns of the Dominion, according to the census of 1881, was 33*0 per cent. "With the exception of Winnipeg and Vancouver, where the increase has of course exceeded all normal rates, the great- est progress has heen made by Toronto, the population of this city having increased 123 per cent., and the assessment 144 per cent. In connection with this enormous increase, however, it must not be overlooked that the city has considerably ex- tended its limits since 1881 ; but, nevertheless, its progress and that of the suburbs it has taken in have been remarkably great. 94. In 1870 the population of Winnipeg, or as it was then called. Fort Garry, consisted of 215 souls. In 1874, when the city charter was secured, the population had reached 300 ; in 1881, by the census of that year, there were 7,985 inhabitants, according to the census taken in 1886 there were 20,238, and in the spring of 1890 it was estimated that there were upwards of 26,500 inhabitants. Rapid, however, as has been the pro- gress of Winnipeg, the growth of the city of Vancouver, B.C., has been even more remarkable. In 1885, where the city now stands, there was a thickly wooded wilderness, with one soli- tary saw-mill ; but when in that year it was decided to make the spot the terminus of the Canadian Pacific Railway, hun- dreds rushed to the place and settlement began. In 1886 the town was completely destroyed by fire, not a house being left standing, but, before the fires were out, rebuilding had com- menced. The city was incorporated on 6th April, 1886, when the population was about 700, in 1887 it had increased to 2,000, in 1888 (1st January) to 6,000, and it is now (1890) estimated at 14,000. PROGRESS Cities and 'I POPULATION AND VITAL STATISTICS. PROGRESS OF SOME OF THE PRINCIPAL CITIES AND TOWNS IN CANADA, BETWEEN THE YEARS 1881 AND 1889. Cities and Towns. Montreal Toronto (Quebec Hamilton Ottawa Halifax London Victoria Kingston Vancouver Charlottetown Gueljjh St. Thomas , St. Catharines. ... Windsor Sherbrooke Stratford Peterborough Brockville Woodstock Chatham Sorel Berlin.. Fredericton Owen Sound Gait < Cornwall Lindsay Port Hope Barrie Collingwood .... Cobourg. Winnipeg Sarnia Brandon Population. 1881. •*140,747 77,034 ♦♦62,446 35,359 25,600 ♦♦.%,100 19,725 ♦♦5,926 ♦♦14,091 ♦♦11,485 10,025 9,275 9,498 6,377 7,446 ♦♦8,239 6,750 7,374 ♦♦5,373 ♦♦7,873 ♦♦5,791 ♦♦4,064 ♦♦6,218 ♦♦4,426 ♦♦6,187 ♦♦4,468 ♦♦5,080 ♦♦5,685 4,611 4,134 5,084 ' 6,249 ♦♦3,874 202,000 172,463 1[65,000 44,299 44,000 42,000 26,786 20,000 18,284 14,000 13,000 10,413 10,408 10,096 10,068 9,460 9,404 9,302 8,887 8,808 8,278 7,866 7,311 7,300 7,237 7,186 6,402 6,031 5,161 5,151 5,064 4,740 21,328 6,860 3,426 Assessment. 1881. 9 t80,273,910 56,286,039 1889. 15,650,000 10,198,630 14,468.520 10,194,919 2,520,280 2,899.060 2,643; 925 4,060,510 1,946,400 2,025,665 Municipal Debt, .1889. 2,568,395 2,0a5,060' l,698,190i 1,166,366 743,475 1,397,731 1,320,528 995,408 1,512,605 9,196,435 110,000,000 137,230,778 16,270,600 21,573,100 17,146,360 ♦21,562,406 13,443,492 8,986,000 7,780,270 9,500,000 3,640,120 3,234,140 3,748,312 4,590,305 4,221,970 2,981,760 3,463,651 3,!K)1,926 3,623,215 2,408,280 OyO04y0cKf 1,698,875 2,788,418 2,915,406 2,628,136 1,922,806 1,333,596 1,723,282 1,504,279 1,411,453 1,377,658 1,541,937 18,607,vSCO l,74<,.i09 2,100,102 1.3,000,000 14,648,932 4,890,817 2,708,121 2,497,157 ♦1,950,000 2,235,431 598,500 729,997 606,000 289,30* 436,765 236,051 893,127 472,341 169,875 325,518 185,660 181,629 16.5,083 276,224 204,370 41,969 217,000 178,096 115,638 ♦82,55*1 175,640 206,370 40,000 169,000 ♦234,146 2,498,506 180,770 261,563 79 ♦♦Census. fReal Estate only. ♦For year 1888. If Estimated. 95. The greatest care is taken by the Department of Agricul- immigra- ture in collecting immigration returns and making them as rSurns. accurate as possible, and under ordinary circumstances these returns would be most important factors in determining the in- crease in population ; but standing alone, as they do, and without I the assistance of any cjystem of ascertaining the emigration, or j of any system of collection of births and deaths, they are not ■*.'!• ■■':'■« ■ ''.'■:i'M •'"•.■•'•< 'iM /.■ ..•...>.!■ ••..;'ffl '., .'■*■;'.>(.■...■ If ;..;,, -vV.'^"- 1 r-; ••■ '.j' . 'i I':SN-::| :.•■.•, -'V-'.- tf ■• \ ''' ■ ■ 'f f.,-.-:i:i!r '»,.•;:..'•■ \.|^ IIM i iDuHill * ^^H ;i ..r;. ..■...^.•H- Mil H €^.'-;i HI 1 ■■■'••' ''••■'.1 « lin m , '•1 ','•■•'■■'.''■ .'r! fuSiliu ■ IR'*'''- - "" .' . tiuU ill HI 1 iK'-^ , #■'■!.' MitlM m , -T' • ' • ' * ■ I 11 lliU \\ mm H ' , ■ • .'■■„'! -\ Inllllu 1^1 ••''!•:*■'>■■ V ' 1 i litu S nlnlii H ^ Bil Jill 1 1 i » " -' • ■ ■'■■'■ t *■ ' ' ■ i j-ly III 11 ^M III 1 1 1 ■ I '' ' 1 •v. ,: .1,.. \,^: •-■v''o:i 1 > ^ fl V ;•• . :' 1 11 w ■ y:'f----/\ 1' il ', "i • •'• i J -k U 1 ill II ?:';..■•■-■■■; J r 1 11 1 •■ ■ ■ . ■ .' lull 1 ;;|n|| . ■,'' .. • • v* . > ii}|ffi 1 ■■■•! ,■'" ■ ■;! ' M nlHI flv * lyilllllR W.-^':':f- ;f'',V .,'■.'" 'l^m %■ ■■',• ■•■ ', 'UHl^^HII! i ■■• •' .''',' lllHa^nill i ''j *' ' ^^■ iHBBMiH 4':,-.«>- . i^ •' .. il ^ wiHIII : iH--;x ■■•-.,.' rUMi Iff;:'/ 1 *> ■ ■* [i l^H " / ' • ' . A ♦ ■••'. : fl^HBu if E^ ■ 80 CHAPTER II. ■!1i 1 m t'li , m Immi- f^rant arri' vala and settlers, Settlers in Manitoba and N.-W.T. Disconti- nuance of assisted passages. reliable for that purpose, but at the same time contain much valuable information in themaelves. 96. According to the returns furnished by the Department for 1889, the total number of immigrant arrivals was 176,462, of whom 84,862 were passengers for the United States, while the remaining 91,600 expressed their intentions of remaining in Canada. These figures show an increase as compared with 1888, of 1,988 in the total number of arrivals, and of 2,884 in the number of settlers in Canada. The following numbers are those of immigrant arrivals in each of the years named who stated their intentions of settling in Canada : — IMMIGRANT SETTLERS IN CANADA, 1880-1S89. • 1880 .38,606 1881 47,991 1882 112,468 1883 133,624 1884 103,824 1885 79,169 1886 69,162 1887 84,626 1888 88,766 1889 91,600 97. The total number of persons reported as having gone into Manitoba and the North-West was 26,809, of whom 21,653 proposed to stay in Manitoba, and 5,156 ir^ nded settling in the North- West. The total arrivals in No jotia numbered 11,049, of whom 2,395 are reported to have settled in the Pro- vince, and 3,714 persons are said to have settled in New Brunswick. 98. No assisted passages were granted since 27th April, 1888, and while it is probable that considerable numbers were kept back who would have come at the cheaper rate, it is evident, from the figures given above, that the discontinuance of the policy did not materially check immigration, and the class of immigrants was decidedly above the average. The average rate of passage during the year was £^ sterling ($19.46), the previous assisted rate having been £3 ($14.60.) -: 1^ ^•JtL'-^T'i' POPULATION AND VITAL STATISTICS. 81 09. The nationalities of the immigrants arriving at the ports Nationa- of Quebec and Halifax were as follow : — immV" grants. NationalitieH. English Irish .Sct»tch Germans Scandinavians French and Belgians Other countries Total. Quebec. Halifax. 11,663 7,496 1,682 384 2,417 1,045 562 616 4,541 628 166 540 1,160 *8,346 22,091 18,956 Total. 19,159 1,966 3,462 1,178 6,069 706 9,606 41,046 * 7,906 from the United States. It will be seen that Scandinavians still continue to arrive in considerable numbers, and they form a very desirable class of immigrants. The nationalities of the numbers reported in each Province by the Customs officials are given below : — Provincks. English. IHsh. Scotch. Ger- man. United States. Cana- dian. Others. TotaU Ontario 1,417 466 206 117 524 286 46 441 220 18 12 63 21 13 530 87 79 23 82 112 61 386 66 3 9 118 51 2,673 626 80 157 305 257 25 7,160 15,617 948 942 487 282 196 401 2,682 66 148 202 132 18 12,897 19,663 1,390 1,408 1,771 1,140 348 Quebec ... Nova Scotia New Brunswick Manitoba British Columbia P. E. Island Total 3,061 778 964 631 4,023 25,621 3,639 38,617 100. The arrivals with settlers' goods, as reported by the Customs Customs officials, showed an increase of 6,957 as compared with ""^* *" 1888, and in consequence of two successive bad harvests in Dakota, the number in 1890 is expected to be still larger. It will be seen that far the largest proportion were Canadians, who, having tried settlement in the United States, were return- ing to their native land. 6 :: .;•..,'*■■■•; •■■••:..;•• I- •'M I. * " * ■ t^ ;■••. • .^v•'•.■•|.i <. '^^■* •:;..' ;\: .■-■ "t •■ ili' "• .' * Si '-v- '\ J\- i't'i ■«•■■■■■;•■. ."'■ ,J. 82 CHAPTER II. Number of 101. The number of those, chiefly children, brought into brought Canada last year by charitable societies and individuals was 1,022, being 600 less in the previous year. The following are the numbers brought out in this way during the last six years : — Number. 1883 1,218 1884 2,011 1885 1,740 1886 1,988 1887 2,298 1888 1,622 1889 1,022 According to the immigration returns of Ontario, 17,011 children have been settled in this way in that Province since 1868. ArrivaiH 102. All the immigrants by sea arrived in steamers, sailing y ***»• vessels not having been for some years used for this purpose. immigra- 103. According to the returns of the Department of Immi- dntario. gration in Ontario, out of 4,268,024 emigrants from the British Isles to places out of Europe during the years 1874 to 1888, inclusive, 282,584, or 6-63 per cent., settled in Ontario, and the total number from all parts reported to have settled in the Province during the j oars 1868 to 1889, inclusive, was 560,- 552, bringing with them eflfects to the value, as far as the returns went, of $5,566,455. Difficulty 104. The numbers of immigrants reported by the agents and hig correct by theCustom houses maybe taken to be correct as far as they returns. ^^^ ^^^^ there are not any means of ascertaining with accuracy the arrivals and departures from and to the United States. Where there is such a long line of open frontier there must always be a considerable movement of population on both sides, of which it is impossible to obtain any record. The nearest possible approximation would be to obtain a record of the ins and the outs on the principal routes of travel, the difl:erence8 between which v ould be the net immigration or emigration, as the case may be. POPULATION AND VITAL STATISTICS. 88 105. It is only possible to form a general idea of the numbers Uncer- tliat yearly settle in each Province ; the agents have no means immigra- at their command by which they can follow the immigrants 11,^^,*' after they once leave the agency, and the subsequent move- ments of many would probably considerably alter the figures ffiven. The greatest care is taken by the Department, and by the agents, that all the returns shall be as accurate as possible, but the only ones that can be thoroughly relied on, except the entries at Custom houses, which are a registration by names, are those of arrivals at the principal sea ports, as Quebec and Halifax, which are also a registration by names and callings, from the ships' passenger lists. No distinction is made in British Columbia between passengers and immigrants, and the figures for that Province can only be arrived at by estima- tion. The numbers of immigrants reported by the several agents, while correct in themselves, are subject to subsequent lumscertainable movements, and should, therefore, be taken as approximate. The figures from which the totals for the Dominion are made up are those supplied by the agents at the various points of entrance, and are, therefore, of course, liable to similar alterations, for while a record is kept of all immigrants arriving, no account is taken of those emigrating from the country. 106. A comparative statement of the values of money and Value of eft'ects brought into Canada by immigrants during the years Kts **" 1886, 1887, 1888 and 1889, according to the reports from the irb*^*t- various agencies, is given below, to which is added the amount **®'^*- of money brought in by other arrivals reported by Custom houses : — 1886. Reported at Agencie8.$2, 458,241 " Customs. 997,385 1887. «2,731,006 1,148,903 1888. $2,694,112 1,180.343 1889. 91.648,158 1,516,798 Total 93,455,576 93,879,908 93,774,455 93,164,956 And an examination of the following comparative table will show that the value of money and effects brought in by immi- 6J :':'-y^ 'V. .1' • •' '■' ■ '■, ..«..■. ',•■■.,» ''. ,1 > i'-.X-* ■'fU ■■ ■•«/.!• «'^"|.i ■ . '.>\y i": •''■■•■«,■ t lis n ... ■ ■' ' V' i M m r-' :i' (... 84 CHAPTER It. isili '•'! i| Occupa- tions of immi- grants. 1,1&2,612 1,2»5,666 4,188,925 3,171,501 2,784,881 4,814,872 4,143,866 grants is a very important addition every year to the wealth of the country : — VALUE OF MONEY AND EFFECTS BROUGHT INTO CANADA BY SETTLERS SINCE 1875. Value. 1875 $1,344,573 1876 686,206 1877 632,269 1878 1879 1880 1881 1882 1883 1884 1885 1886 3,455,576 1887 3,879,908 1888 3,774,456 , 1889 3,164,956 It must be remembered, however, that the means for ob- taining information of this kind is very defective, uiid there can be little doubt that the actual value is considerably above the amount reported. 107. The trades and occupations of the immigrants landed at Quebec and Halifax in 18S9 were as follow : — Quebec. Fanners 1,643 Labourers 7,383 Mechanics 876 Clerks and Traders 96 Female Servants No returns. 9,897 Halifax. Total. 848 2,391 8,454 15,837 1,043 1,919 606 701 1,377 1,377 12,328 22,226 Demand for farm and do- mestic ser- vants. 108. The various immigration agents again report that the demand for farm servants and female help continues to in- crease, and the present supply is very inadequate to meet it. How much this is the case is shown by the following extracts from the report of the Government Immigration Agent, Toronto : — " The demand for agricultural labourers during the " season has been greatly in excess of the supply, farmers " writing and coming from all sections of the country to ob- ■> POPULATION AND VITAL STATISTICS. " tain the necessary help, and in many cases being disap- " pointed. "Wages ranged from $15 to 022 per month for the '* summer season, and from $120 to $160 for the year. The 85 (( demand for domestic help has, as usual, far exceeded the " supply, and we have found it utterly impossible to supply " even a small proportion of those applying." Government asreiits all over the Dominion report, more or less, to the same effect. Farm labourers, female dome!?tic and farm servants, may emigrate with confidence that they will find situations on arrival. 109. The total immigration expenditure in 1889 was $126,- iimnigra- 043, in 1888 $182,951, and in 1887 $313,773 ; there was the Sum*"" larffe decrease, therefore, in the year under consideration, of §56,908 as compared with 1888, and of $187,730 as compared with 1887. 110. ITie cost of settlers per head, not including arrivals Cost of reported through the Customs, was $2.37, and including per head, arrivals so reported, was $1.37 ; the figures for the preceding year, 1888, being $3.96 and $2.55 respectively. The following table showL the cost per head of settlers since 1875 : — ■.■■^ f.. '^'•'■^Wm i.-^v «■•'■'■.' '.K .. it ,>t . . I .:'•■•. •■'^a 1875. . 187ti. 1877. . 187S. . 187!». . 1880. . 1881.. 1882. . 1883. 1884., 1885. , 188t}.. 1887. . 1888.. 1889, . Yeah. Not iNcLuniNo CCSTOMS. Settlers. Amount 19,243 14,4»9 16,3?3 18,372 30,717 27,544 32,587 81,i»4 {♦8,637 68,033 46,8(')8 43,875 64,704 57,106 62,983 8 cts. 14 00 19 60 12 00 9 63 5 74 6 59 6 32 4 23 4 26 6 28 6 62 6 87 6 74 3 96 2 37 ^ i iNCLUniKG CL'8- TOM8. Settler^ 27,382 25,633 27,082 29,807 40,492 38,505 49,991 112,458 133,024 103,824 79,169 69,152 84,52(i 88,766 91,000 Amount. 9 ctn. 10 83 11 12 78 23 4 4 4 3 3 4 3 4 3 2 1 71 30 08 15 15 92 3() 71 55 37 -1 '.■Vt ' .; 86 CHAPTER II. ■ i ■■ m-* ,.J..!,,, ;i Eniiera- tion from United Kingdom, 1815-188H. Emigra- tion from United Kingdom, 1888. Area of Canada . lii It will be seen that the average cost per head is considerably legs than it was some years ago. The expenditure on immi- gration by the Ontario Provincial Government in 1889 was l|?6,850, being equal to 44 cents per head. The work is mostly done by the Dominion immigration agents, causing a largo saving in expense. 111. According to British Emigration Returnn, out of 12,139,067 persons of all nationalities that have emigrated from the United Kingdom during the years 1815 to 1888, 8,076,624 went to the United States, 1,949,191 to Canada and 1,684,854 to Australasia, being respectively 66 per cent., 10 per cent, and 13 per cent. After the discovery of gold in Australia, emigration to that country increased very rapidly, and during the period 1853-1888 1,324,018 persons left Great Britain for Australasia and 912,477 for Canada. During the same period (1853-1888), out of 6,650,056 persons of British and Irish origin only who emigrated, 4,418,363 went to the United States, 1,259,303 to Australasia and 682,827 to Canada, being in the proportion of 67 per cent., 19 per cent, and 10 per cent, respectively. 112. In 1888 out of 398,494 persons that emigrated from the United Kingdom, 293,087, or 70 per cent., went to the United States, 49,107, or 13 per cent., to Canada, and 31,725, or 11 per cent., to Australasia. It is quite possible that some of those returned as having emigrated to the United States finally settled in Canada. During the years 1887 and 1888 emigration to Canada was considerably in excess of that to Australasia. 113. The area of Canada is estimated to -contain 3,519,000 square miles. It is the largest of all the British possessions, embracing very nearly one-half of the whole Empire. The continent of Australia is the next largest, having an area of 2,944,628 square miles, and the area of Tasmania and New Zealand added to this makes the total area of the Australasian Colonies 3,075,030, or 448,970 square miles less than that of POPULATION AND VITAL STATISTICS. Ciiiuultt. The total area of the British Empire is 7,999,618 siiuare miles. The combined area, therefore, of Canada and tlio Australasian Colonies comprises very nearly seven-eighths ot' the whole Empire. 114. The area of the whole continent of Europe is 3,756,002 s(limre miles. It is therefore only 237,002 square miles larger than the Dominion of Canada. 115. The area of Great Britain and Ireland is 121,115 square iiiilosi, so that Canada is nearly thirty times as large as the wliole of the United Kingdom. It is 500,000 square miles larifcr than the United States without Alaska. 116. The estimated area of the world is 52,511,004 square miles, and its estimated population 1,429,000,000. Canada, tlierefore, covers rather more than one-fourteenth part of this surface, but contains only about one two hundred and eighty- sixth part of the estimated population. 117. The following are the areas of the several Provinces and Districts : — 87 Area of KimJiH) & Canaan conii>ared . Area of Canada comimred with that of Great Britain ft the United States. Area of the world. Ontario t^uebeo Nova Scotia New Brunswick Manitoba British Cohimbia Prince Edward Island District of Keewatiu and territory west and north of Hudson's Bay Alberta " Assiniboia '* Athabasca *• Saskatchewan North-West Territory Territory east of Hudson's Bay Islands in Arctic Ocean and Hudson's Bay Great lakes, rivers, &c., not included in above areas . . . Square Miles. 223,000 1$>3,000 20,1)07 27,900 66,000 385,000 2,133 470,000 106,000 90,000 106,000 106,000 835,000 413,000 335,000 3,379,000 140,000 Areas of the several Provinces and Dis- tricts of Canada . 3,519,000 ;^'" '^1 ■t.-i ''. >■ !■' \'-:-': >• ; 1 •'■ '"." f.y'0X^ 88 ciiAPiER ir. lis';!!. Density of iwpula- tion. New- foundland. Quebec. Manitoba, BritiHh Columbia. The area of the Province of Manitoba was originally 12J{,- 200 square miles, hut a large portion was taken away and added to the District of Keewatin and to Ontario in 1888. The arejis of the Provicces of Ontario and Quebec can only be consideriMl as approximate, the northern boundaries of both "Provinces not having yet been exactly defined. It will be seen i..i.t Canada has an area of inland water surface which is alone 18,8^*.") square miles larger than the combined area of Great Britain and Ireland. 118. Prince Edward Island is the smallest of all the Provin- ces, but irt more than twice as thickly populated as any otlu-r Province, the proportion being 61'0 persons to the square milo. Nova Scotia comes next in density of population, with 21*0 persons. The following is the order in which the Provincos stand, according to density of population : Prince Edward iHland, Nova S :otia, New BruuHwick, Ontario, 119. Tlie colony of Newfoundland, which includes the const of Labrador, is the only part of British North America not now included in the Dominion of Canada. Negotiations for the entry of the colon}' into the Confederation have at variou(» times been in contemplation, but to the present have taken no practical shape. The island of Newfoundland is situated on the north-east side of the Gulf of St. Lawrence, and is 350 miles long with an average breadth of about 130 miles, its estimated area being 40,200 square miles. It was discovered by. John Cabot in 1497. By a census taken in 1884 the population was found to be 193,124, of whom 99,344 were males and 93,780 females. The population of St. John, the Capital of the colony, was 28,610. The coast of Labrador comprises about 120,000 square miles, and in 1884 had a population of 4,211, making the total population of the colony at that time 197,335. It is now estimated to be upwards of 210,000.* Fishing forms the principal industry, and in 1887 p. 101. 'Particulars of the census of 1884 are given in the Statistical Abstract for 1887, :i.:;.l POPULATION AND VITAL STATISTICS. 89 the value of the fisheries, oxchisive of homo con8iinii>tion, wliith 18 very lurge, was phiceil at $5,260,4;'V. 120. The following table, compiled principally from official PopuU. sources, gives the population und area of the United Kingdom arcaHof niiil its Possessions, according to the latest availay)le int'ormu- Pohm^h- tloii : — AREA AND POPULATION OK BRITISH POSSESSIONS. HIUIIH. Colony. K 11 11 >!•♦•: liiitwl Kingclom — Kiii^Iand and Wales Scotland Ireland HuldierH and sailura abruad . Total, United Kingdom Gibraltar ... Heligoland Malta Total Eurofie. Ama: Aden.. Ceylon Cv|»ruH Hong Kong India (British) liftbuan North Borneo Perini 8trait8 Settlement . . Total, Asia Africa : AHceusion . . . Ca|»e Colony. (iambia (iold Coast. . . Lagos Mauritius Natal St. Helena. . . Sierra Leone. Total, Africa. Etttimated Area. Sq. Miles. 68,7ft4 32,031 121,11ft 2 1 110 121,2.S7 m 25,365 S,&84 3() 868,314 30 27,5«) 5 1,472 fl26,S66 35 213,917 69 29,401 1,069 706 18,760 47 3,000 267,093 * Census. Pn|Hilation, Estimated or CeiisuH, 20,015,613 4,077,070 4,716,200 216,000 38,024,802 18,464 •2,001 162,423 213,812,204 200 1,428,720 •14,160 1,405,450 100,000 360,302 481,361 5,085 75,000 3,879,277 PersouH to the Square Mile. 487 135 147 314 11,IK»5 2,001 1,3«» 38,207,780 315 35,165 533 2,Mfl«),000 112 •1«U73 52 215,800 7,193 200,832,123 241 5,883 106 150,000 6 150 30 537,000 mb 230 6 7 205 48 94 524 26 108 25 14 r • « • ■■•'*5'f " •*i ft •.' i !l*'^'':^,:i ■;■■ ■ I . •• • 'J '• » ■•■•V .• ■ ,u ; '^ <,»',■■ ' « ■ . ■ " i ,!•/.»■ i " I ;S 1i.t III i I 90 OH AFTER II. AREA AND POPULATION OF BRITISH POS3ESSIONS-(7onc/t«rf«/. Colony. Estimated Area. Population, Estimated or Census. Person to the Square Mile. America : Bermudas '. . Honduras Canada Sq. Miles. 19 6,400 3,379,000 109,000 42,000 4,460 169 4,193 238 133 166 133 114 67 66 60 170 32 291 1,7M 15,534 •27,462 6,076,855 i78,477 •197,336 48,000 4,778 613,376 42,604 46,872 181,000 49,337 20,679 •6,287 •29,137 •11,864 •34,964 11,680 •28,211 189,660 807 4 1 British Guiana 2 NewfouMflland 4 West Indies — Bahamas Turk's Island Jamaica 10 28 146 Windward Islands — St. Lucia St. Vincent 178 362 Barbadoes Grenada Tobago Leeward Islands — Virgin Islands 1,090 371 181 93 St. Kitts 448 ■ Nevis 237 Antigua Montserrat 206 365 Dominica 97 Trinidad 104 Total America 3.648.707 6,911, JK)8 1-94 Australasia : New Zealand 104,4.58 311,019 668,497 903,690 26,216 87,884 1,060,000 607.380 1,086,739 387,463 318,308 146,139 1,090,869 42,187 6 New South Wales 3 Queensland South Australia 0-58 0-35 Tasmania 6 Victoria W^estern Australia 12 004 Total Australasia 3,161,763 3,678,035 1 South Seas ; Fiji Islands : Falkland Islands 7,740 6,600 126,441 1,890 16 028 Total, South Seas 14,240 127,331 9 Total, British Possessions . . . 8,039,406 266,696,160 33 •Census. :i; POPULATION AND VITAL STATISTICS. 91 121. The next table gives the area and population of Foreign Popuia- tion and Countries : — areas of AREA AND POPULATION OF FOREIGN COUNTRIES. countries. Country. Estimated Areu Population, Estimated or Census. Europe. Austria-Hungary Belgium Denmark " Colonies of. France " Colonies of. . . (terman Empire (ireece Italy. Montenegro Netherlands " Colonies of. Portugal " Colonies of Rouinania Russia in Europe " Asia Total Russian Empire. Servia Spain. Colonies of. . . . Sweden and Norway . Switzerland Turkey in Europe. . . . Asia Africa Esrypt.... Total Turkish Ei !.mpire. Total Europe. Asia. China. Corea., Japan . Persia . Siani . Dependencies . Total Asia. 240,042 11,373 14,124 86,614 204,177 1,788,268 211,149 25,014 114,410 3,550 12,648 766,137 34,aS8 705,258 48,307 2,005,504 6,548,600 8,644,104 18,800 197,767 163,876 25)4,184 15,892 125,289 729,380 398,873 11,000 1,264,542 24,773,820 1,297,999 2,881,560 82,000 148,456 628,000 250,000 6,288,015 39,640,834 5,909,975 2,108,000 115,988 •38,218,903 16,459,995 ♦46,865,704 *1,979,453 29,943,607 *220,000 4,390,857 28,687,341 *4,708,178 3,338,951 5,500,000 88,205,353 16,865,740 104,071,093 *1,937,172 17,226,264 9,996,058 6,676,189 2,940,602 9,277,040 16,174,056 1,000,000 6,817,266 33,268,361 Year. Persons to the Square Mile. 641,532,969 383,000,000 21,180,000 12,000,000 38,151,217 7,«i53,600 6,000,000 467,984,817 1886 164 1886 520 1886 149 1880 1 1886 187 1882 9 1886 221 1879 79 1886 262 1879 62 1886 347 1886 37 1881 138 6 1887 114 1884 42 1884 2 1884 12 1885 103 1885 87 61 1885 23 1886 186 1886 74 1886 22 1886 2 1886 620 1886 26 22 • 1885 295 1885 7 1886 146 1886 257 1881 12 1886 24 * Census. 88 ^ -^ ,.; ■''*■■: U-\ '<■',•■ ■'I'V , .■ ; "'.'■'■■.. i v » ,". * * ' ■ •:•■ '. :,■•> -1 .*. ■ ; • ■ • i' ' •'I • . \ i-:*--:Viv, i'.'i ■v:.i'» . •■ -.ri ■■.'.'•■■ii: 'rv'*-: n ii %.$-^ 94 CHAPTER II. ^|J^ .'I: ; I •1' ■ i I ■ mw Cities. Total Deaths Ratio Ijer 1,000 of Popu- lation. Ratio per 1,000 Deaths at lto5 years. Montreal Toronto Quebec Ottawa Halifax Hamilton ... . St. John, N.B Winnipeg... . Hull London Kingston ... . Three Rivers.. Victoria, B.C. St. Hyacinthe Sorel Sherbrooke. . , . Brantford Charlottetown. Guelph Belleville Peterboro' . . . . Gait .Windsor Ctiatham St. Thomas . . . Woodstock. . . . Fredericton . . . 6,320 2,498 1,826 923 837 823 525 624 474 371 278 273 255 254 233 228 214 172 165 l&l 141 138 134 129 126 124 83 31 14 28 22 20 18 18 20 39 14 16 27 17 34 30 24 16 12 15 15 15 19 15 15 12 14 12 631 01 486-38 544-90 682-88 406 21 403-40 373 33 683-96 702 53 350-40 244-60 600-73 301-96 562-99 639-48 552-63 429-90 290 69 339 39 292-68 404-25 369-56 402-98 356-58 476 19 370 96 216-86 5 to 20 years. 20 to 40 years. 73-89 79-66 73 38 75-83 74-07 100 85 108 57 93-51 9500 64-69 93 52 54-94 121 56 114 17 98-71 83 33 98-13 75-58 115 15 73 17 113 47 65-21 8208 139-63 55-55 153 22 120-48 I 40 to 60 Over 60 years. | years. 102-68 149-31 104-60 119-17 168-45 161-88 121 90 177-48 90-71 194 07 169-06 84-24 250-98 86-61 6008 135-96 126 16 156-97 116 15 140-24 99 29 137-68 149 26 178-29 126-98 169-36 204-81 82-75 126 10 87-62 91-00 137-39 151-88 136 23 91-60 46-41 137-46 172-66 84-24 231 37 62-99 72-96 74-66 130-84 139 -.53 139 39 158-53 148-93 173-91 171-64 124 03 111 11 153 22 108-43 109-65 156-92 189-48 131-09 213-85 191-98 260-95 51-62 63-29 253-36 320 14 175-82 90-19 173 22 128-75 153-50 214-95 337-20 290-90 298-78 234-04 253 62 186-66 201-55 23015 153 22 349-39 Highest and lowest death rates. Death rate among children. DEATH RATE IN SOME OF THE PRINCIPAL CITIES AND TOWNS ^H niurlif in IN CANADA, 1888. ■ OU^^ni to hi*iliest ra lation ; bi French Ca Ages ^M Out of a t( given. ^1 53*17 pert 6,307, or 3 proportion cent. The were, as be tions, 1,42S riKi ^B mature birt 2' 10 ^H 65-99 per c< was 67'04 r 3'(|<) ^H ^ ■™ 127. The was 984 ; b nature are f render it e; I -46 ^ figures. Tl: per cent, W( wliere there mate childre 125. Though the rate in Hull was not quite so high as in ■ one of whicl 1887, yet that city still occupies the position of having the B little real tn heaviest death rate, viz., 39.50 per 1,000 inhabitants, this ex- H ber 44'41 we tremely high rate being again caused -by excessive infant ■ one year. 1 mortality, out of a total number of deaths of 474, 333 having ■ mortality wa been children under 5 years of age. St. Hyacinthe, Montreal H any returns c and Sorel have the next highest rates, and St. Thomas and H 228. The i Charlottetown the lowest, but owing to the doubtful data on ■ ^(,5 whioh they are founded, the death rates calculated per 1,000 of population must not be considered as absolutely correct. fl Quebec reiH>ntiy ' 126. The largest number of deaths is of course among chil- H and since the day dren, the rate, however, in some places being much higher than it | expSed wiifSiJ POPULATION AND VITAL STATISTICS. 95 oiiffht to be, as can be seen from the preceding table. The hiohest rates will be found in places with a large French popu- lation ; but it must also be remembered that among these French Canadians there is a correspondingly high birth rate.* Out of a total number of deaths recorded of 18,232, 9,695, or 53-17 per cent., were of children under five years of age, and 6,307, or 34*59, per cent., of those under one year. This latter proportion was larger than in 1887, when it was 33*06 per cent. The four most fatal diseases to children under one year were, as before : atrophy and debility, 1,746 ; diarrhceal aftec- ^ tions, 1,423 ; diseases of the respiratory organs, 627 ; and pre- mature birth, 366 ; making an aggregate of 4,162 deaths, or 65*99 per cent, of the total number. The proportion last year was 67*04 per cent. 127. The number of deaths of illegitimate children returned Deaths of was 984 ; but, as has been pointed out before, returns of this mafe chii- nature are practically at present of no value, and the natural '^*'"' desire for concealment on the part of the parents will always render it extremely difficult to obtain anything like correct figures. The fact that out of the whole number, 845, or 86 per cent., were returned from Montreal, Ottawa and Quebec, where there are special institutions for the reception of illegiti- mate children, leaving only 139 to be divided among 23 towns, one of which has a population of 170,000, shows at once what little real truth there is in the figures. Out of the total num- ber 44*41 were under one month, and 88*72 per cent, under one year. Though both in 1887 and 1888 the rate of infant mortality was highest in Hull, yet in neither year were there any returns of illegitimate births from that city. 128. The number of cases of children stillborn returned was Children ^, _ stillborn. * As an instance of their fecundity it may be mentioned that the Government of Quebec recently provided that every father of a family having 12 or more children living should be entitled, under certam conditions of settlement, to 100 acres of land, and since the day set for receiving claims, there have, up to the time of writing, been no less than 647 duly proven applications, and fresh claims are coming in, which it is I expected will raise the total to oetween seven and eight hundred. .' * *. - • ' ,' ■ 1.. ' !:■: '■; >.!■'. '■■i ■.'...■'•<>■• ii;;i.,.$.".t, • • ■• • ■,'.. ■ V •• • > ir J .■ic='\ M ■ J I;' , •-, ', V IT ■* s 6 3i ! I 'A '^:! '\^ 1 iiiii, 1^^ lip m 8 Ii 96 CHAPTER II. Deaths from suicide. 129. The deaths from suicide reported amounted to 87, 28 being males and 9 females, 18 out of the total having occurred in Montreal and Toronto. The number returned in 1886 from 22 cities was 31, and in 1887 from 26 cities 30. Deaths 130. The followiuff table gives the number of deaths from from most , . /.it- • i ^m • • fatal dis- the eight most fatal diseases in the 27 cities makiing returns m 1888. As will be seen from the arrangements at the foot of the table, the order of fatality is slightly different from that of the preceding year. The most fatal disease is placed first :— DEATHS FROM THE MOST FATAL DISEASES, IN CERTAIN CITIES IN CANADA. 1888. V7ArrK7i9* Cities. Atro- and de- bility. Diarr- hteal affec- tions. Lung dis- eases. Phthi- sis. Cere- bro- spinal affec- tions. Diph- theria. Disea- ses of heart and blood vessels. Throat affec- tions. Montreal Toronto Quebec 1,268 279 239 80 56 61 39 21 31 54 1 9 5 136 12 4 21 37 27 12 10 10 9 17 73 4 3 758 214 215 49 167 46 33 34 87 9 26 13 19 26 16 12 7 / 38 29 13 7 8 4 46 11 15 4 583 339 167 118 50 126 83 43 60 29 18 13 29 30 14 18 12 17 31 18 15 14 19 5 11 15 5 544 234 196 72 69 •0 69 47 32 30 20 33 17 35 23 6 20 24 22 9 18 21 13 26 28 11 12 433 126 237 43 J»8 49 21 11 15 9 16 10 10 18 9 4 10 8 15 7 9 3 4 5 25 3 7 392 121 34 41 75 ■■■■23" 9 54 9 22 5' 31 6" 8 7 2 11 6 6 10 38 3 1 6 269 146 65 59 45 51 20 27 18 17 28 3 14 7 7 2 10 8 16 10 14 8 8 8 7 10 7 239 ■ 17 Hamilton 30 Ottawa 31 Halifax 19 St. John, N.B London 32 Winnipeg Kingston 13 3 Victoria, B.C Charlottetown Brantford 2 5 8 Hull 17 Belleville 5 St. Thomas 9 Guelph 6 Three Rivers Sherbrooke 8 7 Peterboro' Windsor Chatham 2 -i Woodstock Sore! 16 St. Hyacinthe Gait 8 Fredericton 3 Total 2,518 1,906 1,882 1,730 1,146 915 878 572 POPULATION AND VITAL STATISTICS. ORDER OF FATALITY. 97 1887. il>hy and debilfty. rrluipal affectioiu. Atn Dim I'litliinis. LuiiK diseases. Diplitlieria. Ociibro-spinal aflfections. pimasea of heart and blood vessels. Tiiroiit afffeotions. 1888. Atrophy and debility. Diarrh(eal affections. Lung diseases. . Phthisis. Cerebro-spinal affections. Diphtheria. Diseases of heart and blood vessels. Throat affections. 131. Children under one year, as usual, contributed the Deaths of largest number of deaths from atrophy and debility and Sn*^" (liarrhceal affections, the proportions being 69'34 per cent, and ^^^*^i,"a 74*66 per cent, respectively. The proportion of deaths of children from diarrhceal aftections remained about the same ; out of a total of 1,906 deaths from these causes, 1,816, or 05'27 per cent., were of children under five years of age, as. compared with 95*07 per cent, in 1878 and 05*77 per cent, ia 1886. 132. According to the Provincial returns for Ontario, out of Deaths 258 deaths from diarrhceal diseases in the cities of that dShceai province in 1887, 210, or 81*40 per cent, were of children gsea*?^ »" under five years of age. This class of disease is much more prevalent in cities and towns than in the country, and the proportion for the whole Province was reducod to 74*02 per cent. 133. "Without counting in Windsor, which town was making Deaths returns for the first time, there was a decrease in deaths from Ssease?^ phthisis of 48, but an increase in those from lung diseases of •257, making a total increase of deaths from all kinds of afiee- tioiis of the lungs of 209, and making the death rate 198 in every 1,000 deaths. In Ontario in 1887 the proportion of deaths from these causes was 197 in every 1,000 deaths. 134. Diphtheria ranks sixth in 1888 in the list of most fatal Deaths (lisea^^es, instead of fifth, as in 1887, there having been aJnphthe- ' ria. f ■;!:■.■'';',■.;■ .'• i ■,■'. .■•.•1.. :■ . ' •1 '■• I.. ■tji-f :• : '.1. ^J'f, r. ', ■1.'* .' ".I I . nil 08 . '»■ ' i^U iMiii'' Deaths from typhoid fever. CHAPTER II. decrease of 260 in the number of deaths, the diminution beiiisr most marked in Montreal, Toronto and Quebec. The ratio to the population of the cities making returns was 1*1 per 1,000, which was the same as the proportion in Ontario cities in 1887. As usual, children suffered most from this disease ; out of 015 deaths, H66, or 94*64 per cent., were of children under 11 years of age. 135. It is satisfactory to note that there has been a decrease of 64 in the number of deaths from typhoid fever, as this disease is strictly preventable, and any diminution in the death rate indicates, as a general rule, greater attention to sanitary arrangements. The following tables give the number ot deaths from typhoid fever during the three years, 1886, 1887 and 1888, in the cities making returns, as well as the propor- tion of deaths from the same cause per 1,000 inhabitants in the same cities in 1888. DEATHS FROM TYPHOID FEVER IN THE UNDERMENTIONED CITIES IN 188«, 1887 AND 1888. CrriKS. Montreal Toronto Quebec Hainilton Halifax Winnipeg Ottawa. . . St. John, N.B Kingston St. Thomas... Charlottetown Guelph Belleville Chatham Sherbrooke.. . . 188G. 1887. 1888. U2 125 113 38 71 51 16 22 21 12 19 15 6 6 14 18 21 21 15 43 17 7 6 3 3 1 6 2 1 S 7 4 7 2 3 2 6 4 6 3 8 2 7 6 6 Cities. Peterboro' Fredericton . . . St. Hyacinthe. Gait Hull London Brantford Victoria, B.C. Three Rivers. . Woodstock Sorel ... ^ Windsor Total. 1886. 245 1887. 20 8 9 8 2 8 3 411 1888. 1 1 () 5 14 ( 13 6 4 10 3 1 358 m ■';M:!, POPULATION AND VIT\L STATISTICS. 09 'i'V': •• 6 1 1 1 6 () 5 20 14 8 ^ 1 9 13 8 () 2 4 8 10 3 3 1 "' 358 I'llOPORTION OF DEATHS FROM TYPHOID FEVER PER 1,000 OF POPULATION IN THE FpLLOWING CITIES IN 1888. Cities. Woodstock Hull l?iantf(>id WiiiiiilH'^ St. Hyacinthe (Jult Sht'il)rc»oke. . . , Montreal ]?.IU-ville Cliarlottetown Per 1,000. 1 20 116 0«9 95 0-82 0-69 066 0-66 S6 61 Cities. Ottawa Victoria, B.C Three Rivers Sorel Halifax ; Per 1,000. Hamilton . . Queliec .... Toronto. . . . St. Thomas. St. John... 42 40 40 •38 35 36 33 30 •29 11 The proportion of deaths from typhoid fever in the aggre- frate population of the 27 cities making returns was 0*44 per 1,000 persons living as compared with 0.55 in 1887. 136. In the cities of Ontario in 1887 the proportion was 0*54 Deathr per 1,000, while for the whole province it was 2*68 per 10,000 typhoid persons living, which compares very favourably with some other ontar"' British possessions as the following figures show : — couiTtries DEATHS FROM TYPHOID FEVER PER 10,000 INHABITANTS IN THE FOLLOWING COUNTRIES. 1887— England and Wales 182 1888 -Ireland 300 1884— Scotland 2 70 1887— Ontario 268 1886— Victoria 530 1886— New South Wales 603 1886- Queensland 1227 1886— Sttuth Australia 3-39 1886— Tasmania ^ 347 1886— New Zealand .* 230 137. The proportion of deaths from zymotic or specially Deaths in preventable diseases to the total number of deaths was 22*00 from * per cent, as compared with 23-71 per cent, in 1887. The pro- Y£^^b. portion to the aggregate population was 0*48 per cent., or 4 38 per 1,000 persons living, and the following table shows how they were distributed among the various cities. ■ >.'■■«. ■•>' . '•■ ? !. 'J 1j :':..•• .••H :'-i i'ilV 1 1 1 ,}■'?, 'H f lii l1 m lit '! 'f*!!-! ii:i,l !!i 100 CHAPTER II. DEATHS FROM ZYMOTIC DISEASKS, 1H88. Cities. Montreal .... Toronto QuelH'c f)ttawa Winni|)eg Hamilton . . . St. John, N.B Halifax Sorel Hull Victoria, B.C. London Three RiverH. St. Hyacinthe Sherbro(»ke. . . Zymotic DitwaHeH. (JiTIEH. 1,4(50 517 310 2J»r) 213 137 128 lilt 104 {14 78 (Vl 58 48 46 Brantforfl .... Charlotte town . WfHtflstock . . , Peterboro' .... Kin(r»«ton ( ialt Belleville Wintlnor , St. ThoniaH . . . Chatham (luelph Fredericton . . . Total . . . Zynidtic Dl8eHs)'M. 4(1 :rinci]>ul citieH in Canada. 138. The next table, the figures in which are taken from the Mortuary Statistics, gives the death rate in eight princijud cities in the Dominion for the years 1886, 1887 and 1888. Tlio figures must only, however, be taken as approximate, on account of absence of absolute completeness of the returns. Cities. Montreal .... Toronto Hamilton Halifa.\ Ottawa St. John, N.B, Quebec Wiuniijeg .... 1886. ] 1887. 1 ! 27-lH> i 30 74 i 21-50 151 34 20 71 17 94 20 •.')2 18 17 28-76 21 JM5 21 18 20 {(5 33 57 28-36 11) 76 24-55 1888. 31 fK) 14 -It; i8-r)7 20 -Kl' 22-51 18 -t;: 28 -.S7 20 -.s; 101 31 <■,() 14 '.17 18 aT 20 It' 22 M 18f.7 28:i7 20 '87 . CHAPTER III. FINANCE. l:]9. The fiscal year of the old Province of Canada used to W' identical with the calendar year, and terminate on the Slst DiH't'iiiber ; in 1864, however, a change was made, and it was decided to commence the fiscal year on the Ist July and end it on tlu' :{Oth June. At Confederation the same plan was adopted for the Dominion, and has since been maintained. As, there- fore, all financial and commercial returns, and, as a general rnk', departmental reports, are made up to the 30th of June in each year, the fiscal year beginning on the Ist July and ending on the 30th June, is the one spoken of and referred to tliroiighout this work, except where specially mentioned. 140. In all cases where figures relating to foreign countries liave been used, their values have been first changed into pouni u ■■ 'M''j : i-i m \'f * ; "\ •ihi ifjii •i ;'. 102 R«'v»'nu»i luxl (•x|i«-n- (littin-, 1881). (ncn'UMc, The Coii- Holidiitod Fund, iw;s-Ho. CUAPTER III. 148. The following figures give the onlinury reveniio and expenditure for the year ended 80th June, 188!) ; — Rrvvnue #.38,782,870 KxiHiulittire w;,»17,8.3ft ^HVi'nuo in excuHH of »x|M12, 3.35, 714, 813, 205, (;?n 58/, 059, 375, 517, 307, »;35, 383, 794, 801, 797, 177 754, 908, 782, 174 225 .500 813 409 WI2 715 .587 274 Oil 382 400 2lt7 455 (M9 901 001 040 !>93 403 870 13,48 15,023,081 17,589,4,316,352 7,06»,492 754,265 97,313 i,865J635 1,900, 7>" l,4fiO,(L 1,128,147 l,937,iK>!t 1,54.3,2*2H 2,240,0-)!» 5,834,572 810,0.32 I ; Pl.v ANCI. 108 1 1'». In tburteen years on i of the tw«'nty-two that huvo clap- Smplus sid /nice Confederation, thore huM Iweii a ^nrpluH of rovomie, i,f ,vve»»». and ill the renmining ei^ht an ex(< of oxpenditun-. Tli»> tuiiil amount of surplurt (luring tho period lia8l>e< ii $-^2.'24(),S98, mid of deficit $16,854,849, lieing u i.et excess of revofM«i> over cxpondituro of !?15,386,040. The revenue ruinotl in 1889 was tiie hn'gi'f't over raised, and wan $26,094,942 in cxccsh of th»t inwaw o<' 1*^f>^, the first year after Confederation, being an incnsase of imdVxiMn- !S;j ^>or c nt. After deducting the war expenditure f»«>m the '''*""' cxiH'i'diture of 1886 (in that year it wan charged to CouHi>li(hited Fund and sui^secpiently to capital account) it will bo Heei\ that the ordinary expenditure was the largest since Confedeiution, txt ceding that of 1868 by $23,431,743, being an im roast of 171 per cent. The revenue therefore as the figures at resent , stand, has increased in a larger proportion than the expendi- ture, a fact which, in view of the difficulties and expeiiMos uttend- iiii;- tlie opening up of new country and of the largo ext 'iii of territory brought under control since Confe13,523 2,436,110 >.■ . i> ■■ '. 1$' •■, i.h':." • •■' 1 't. ?;r, ^'*' ' . ■ '}■ ^•\ n.': • i ■ ■* ,- .11 > '. ;■ '*> m ■ ^^' 1 ■M! I 104 lii.i-C'' li |H' ■: »;; ■. silt iir: 1- ) 1 H ill' t .< • -1 11 CHAPTER III. HEADS or REVENUE-CONSOLIDATED YVSD-Cmicluded. Heads of Revenue. Amounts Received. Increase. Decrease. 1887-88. 1888-89. Land Revenue' Ordnance LanC 36,240 217,083 42,072 237,821 5,832 20,738 $ Dominion " Total 253,323 1 279,893 26,570 Public Works. Canals 279,486 30,900 3.167,564 46,651 8,044 2,320 1 298,742 33,651 3,117,543 86,577 8,490 2,186 1,946 28,610 10 14,812 19,256 2,751 39i926" 446 VJ46 12,811 " on acc't Hydraulic Rents Railways 21 Slides and Booms Minor Public Works Hydraulic and other Rents Earnings of Dredges m Telegraphs ... 1,5,799 16 5,337 Harbour Improvements li Esquimalt Graving Dock 9,475 Total 3,556,117 3,W2,567 86,450 Post Office. Ordinary Revenue, including ( )cean Postage 2,322,729 56,513 } 2,220,504 2,220,504 158,73,S Money Order Total 2,379,242 158, 7;w Othek Sources. Fees, Fines and Forfeitures, in- cluding Seizures 30,211 20,720 9a5 37,810 47,016 932,025 44,J>98 9,645 243,282 62,967 9,702 9,163 2,052 3,217 3,953 41,670 21,073 12,550 9,409 41,048 22,713 105,024 36,041 77,398 1,305,392 56,426 10,607 191,497 63,031 7,759 16,367 2,124 4,871 2,220 39,306 19,688 12,624 12,247 10,837 1,993 104,119 Militia Lighthouse and Coast Service. . Weiglits and Measures i',7(*i Steamboat Insjiection 74 2,838 ; Gas InHi)ection and Law Stamps Total 1,542,368 2,026,383 484,015 ! Total Revenue on account of Consolidated Fund 35,908,463 38,782,870 2,874,407 HEADS OI FINANCE. 105 148. There was an increase, it will be seen, under almost increase • 149. The following is a comparative statement of the prin- He^ds of ^xiH^noi- cipal items of ordinary expenditure in the years 188G and ture, 1888 '■ and 1889. 1889 :— HKADS OF EXPENDITURE- CONaOLIDATP:D FUND- 1888 AND 1889. Hkads of Expenditure. Amounts Exi)ended. Increase. Decrease. 1887-88. 1888-89. Chahoes for Debt and subshmeh. Interest on Public Debt Cliarges t>f Management Sinkiiiir Fund 8 . 9,823,313 205,3 32,574 11,738 1,020 71,161 17,338 60 83,902 LECiLSLATION. Senate 3,104 House of Commons 4,914 Liltrarv 1,(507 Klection Exijenses Controverted Elections Parliamentary Printing Francliise Act • • 24,609 4,997 18,436 48,632 Miscellaneous 45 Total 807,424 701,170 10(J,254 u >■' '.i- ♦ . •■•■ f.. -. » .■...'!• 'IMH 106 CHAPTER III. HEADS OF EXPENDITURE-CONSOLIDATED ¥VSD-Continued. «■:'■'♦ **:■. !li: i<* V .l-!,< Heads of Expenditure. Civil Government. Governor General Lieutenant-Governors High Commissioner Governor General's Secretary's Office Queen's Privy Council for Can- ada DeiJartment of Justice " Militia and Defence " Secretary of State.. " Interior " Indian Aifairs . . . . Auditor General's Office Department of Finance " Customs ** Inland Revenue. . . . •• Public Works " Railways & Canals. Post Office Department Department of Agriculture. . . . " Marine & Fisheries. *' Printing and Sta- tionery Departments Generally (Con- tmgencies) High Commissioner of Canada in England (Contingencies). . . Board of Civil Service Examin- ers The office of the Comptroller of the N. W. M. Police Amounts Exi)ended. 1887-88. 1888-81), 48,6()r) 68,000 2,201 23,.333 45,87(5 40,166 59,370 50,550 148,325 45,857 32,660 72,887 45,468 55,384 5.S,262 ()0,334 214,702 75,233 57,172 24,044 22,646 4,532 7,950 I Total I 1,258,(518 Public Works and Buildings. Public Buildings Harbours and Rivers Dredge Vessels & Dretlg. Plant. Dredging Slides and Booms Roads and Bridges Telegraphs Exuerimental Farms, Buildings, 1 encing, &c Miscellaneous Total . ' .!i 1,242,974 5(57,346 49,594 !H),485 16,5(59 42,713 48,085 54,922 49,428 2,162,116 48,666 70,976 10,000 23,022 44,437 43,914 56,648 52,731 147,430 49,063 32,068 69,840 46,188 53,985 55,800 56,249 222,742 73,161 62,067 27,358 19,616 3,250 4,273 8,230 1,281,714 1,297,142 5(51,218 85,006 111,873 20,650 40,710 41,226 94,481 46,925 2,25)9,231 23,096 54,168 a5,412 21,388 4,081 39,559 137,115 6,12S 2,003 6,8o!» 2,rm I. MJI 10 RATION W\l'-^ FINANCE. HKADS OF EXPENDITURE-CONSOLIDATED IVSD—Contmucd. Hkads of Expenditure. Amounts Expended. Increase. Decrease. 1887-88. 1888-89. Railways and Canals. Rnilw".aV8 S 22,909 153,481 1(5,553 172,107 3 8 6,356 Canals 18,626 Total 176,390 188,660 12,270 OTHEK ExrENDITUKE. Penitentiaries Administration of Justice i'dlicf, Dominion (it'ologieal Survey and Observa- tories Arts, Agriculture and Statistics Experimental Farms 320,777 678,815 16,812 117,524 54,454 95,569 211,4(52 342,613 1,273,179 862,9(55 212,744 120,:«4 49,445 20,119 489,2r)8 21.4;hi 416,182 7,244 464,449 1,000,802 43,684 97,333 319,436 685,807 18,307 119,533 56,520 89,999 318,099 304,254 1,323,552 82{),702 218,934 116,030 52,332 ■ ' ■ 5ii;779 22,313 355,596 7,773 592,723 1,112,776 15,110 (5^992 1,495 2,009 2,0(56 1,341 5,570 Ocean and River Steam Service. Mail Subsidies and Steamship Subventions 106,637 38,359 Militia and Defence 50,373 6^90" Mounted Police, North-West Territories 3.3,263 4^304 Suiierannuation Pensions Marine Hospital 2,887 22^521 882 CdlKUS Li>;htiio>ise and Coast Service. . SteainlK)at InsDection 20,119 60,586 Insurance Superintendence Miscellaneous Indians (Legislative Grant) . . . C5 7,070,-575 153,380 I.MMICUATION AND QUARANTINE. tmnii^ation •Quarantine 244,789 67,702 202,49{) 90,053 22^351 42,290 Total 312,491 292,552 19,939 Charges on Revenue. Customs 851,025 360,491 864,5SK) 362,833 13,566 2,342 Kxcise 107 :-ii !'".\^-j. h'^-i I. :• •:. ', ' •■'■.•i '■'■ -* ■ ••• '-.I."' T**: ■ - ■ »i » "•yi^ ^'i. 'W ■ I y • . V t I i»: '■ v"-. '^S'"^ it^J. '-- i '1 it; ■■',-..•»■.,:■„" i ill i; > •• ' • I lH' ',' t 108 8 li' .k..'. •:'1>- ilv ;:s if.'.- M *u in.'^ CHAPTER III. HEADS OF EXPENDITURE-CONSOLIDATED FUND-Conc^wt/et/. Heads of Expenditure. Amounts Exi)ended. Increase. DecreaHf. 1887-88. 1888-89. Charges on Revenue— Ccwi. Wood Naphtha $ 12,857 67,543 21,075 (5,340 2,549 25,622 2,889,729 154,187 3,621,077 539,2i'36 184,548 49,5!m; 3,869 8 $ 12,8:.7 3HT Weitrhts and Measures 67,20(5 18,784 338 2,370 23,6(58 2,982,322 215,086 3,513,0(54 582,237 188,759 48,308 3,774 Gas In8i)ection Liquor License Act 2.2ill 6,(H»2 Inajjection of Staples 17!t Adulteration of Food ■""92,593 60,899 42^98i ■ 4,211 l,!t.")4 Post Office Public Works Railways 108,013 Canals Dominion Lands Culling Timber 1,2.SS IVIinor Revenues. !!.") Total 8,789,764 8,873,339 83,575 Total Exjienditure on account of Consolidated Fund 36,718,494 36,917,835 199,341 Note. — The items of exceptional exi)enditure are printed in italics. Increase 150. There was an increase of $325,619 in the amount of in- decreaseof tcrest paid on the public debt, but decreases under other heads ex!)endi- sufficient ill amouiit to make a total decrease of $83,902 in heads. various the expenditure under the head of charges for debt and sul> sidies. There was a decrease of $106,254 in the amount ex- pended for Legislation, principall}' under the heads of Election Expenses, Parliainentaiy Printing and the Franchise Act. There was an increase of 823,096 in the expenses of Civil Government, the largest amount behig i;. the Post Office Department ; the increase under High Commissioner is due to the fact that only a proportionate part of that official's salary was paid in the previous year, the office not having been tilled till towards its close. The expenses of the office of tho Comptroller of the North-West Mounted Police have been taken out of those of the Department of the Interior and entered for the first time as a separate item. The expendituri; for the Experimental Farms, including buildings, fencing, &o., ,!;;,:, ni FINANCE. 109 •■...'■ /■'■" ' I • t ■ ■ t . amounted to $184,480, an increase of $33,989. There was a totiil increase in charges on revenue of $83,575, the largest l)i'iii,ii; under the heads of Post Office, Canals and I'ublic Works There was an increase also in the expenses ot collecting the Customs and Excise duties, of $15,907. Though tlu TO was a small increase in the actual cost of collecting tne R'vonue, the expenditure in proportion to the amount collected was less than in the two preceding years, the figures being 2o-40 per cent., 23*93 per cent, and 22*88 per cent. 151. There was a decrease of $137,085 in the amount of Subsidies subsidies to Provinces, tlie details of which are as follow : — Ontario )?l,2r)8,080 " (,)ueliec.. 1,022,J»83 Nova Scotia 432,807 New Brunswick 480,220 Manitoba 435,596 British Columbia 212,151 Prince Edward Island 193,521 ,f,U.' V.'. * . ''.:■' \. ••.•.' • to Pro- vinces, 1889. ■ I , §4,051,427 - 'H The aggregate decrease of $134,937 in the amount of sub- sidies paid to the Provinces of Ontario and Quebec was only nominal, as, owing to a dispute between the Dominion and the Provinces, the amount instead of being paid over, was eharged to a suspense account. 152. There \y as a decrease of $180,320 in the amount of Subsidies sultsidies, authorized bv Parliament, paid to railways as com- ways, }tared with 1888, the amounts paid being as follow : — Albert Southern Railway § 1,.S87 Baie des Chaleurs " Beauharnois .Junction Railway Belleville and North Hastings Railway Brockville, We8tix)rt and Sault Ste. Marie Railway. Canada Atlantic Railway Caracjuet " Dominion Line " Drumniond County " Fredericton and St. Mary's Bridge Railway Guelph Junction Railway Harvey Branch " Hereford *' 75,200 54,050 21,888 45,000 9,491 13,950 3,.^20 13,815 30,000 46,000 5,554 63,900 i ..A ^"■•.■.•••'.tl i ill:;: ft .. : !■ V-i 110 Total Sub sidles to Railways voted by Parlia- ment. Total Sub- sidies paid since Con- federation. CHAPTER III. Lake Erie, Essex and Detroit River Railway 106,500 Lake Temiscamingue Colonization " 9,000 Leamington and Lake St. Clair *' 19,200 Montreal and Lake Champlain " 36,700 Maskinonge '• 19,700 Northern and Western " 6,300 Ontario and Pacific Jun'tion " 800 Quebec and Lake St. John " 19,911 South Norfolk , " 54,400 St. Catharines and Niagara " 26,640 Temiscouata " 163,216 8846,722 153. The total amount of subsidies voted by Parlianioiit towards the construction of railways, on which pa^'ments have been made or liabilities still exist, was, on the 4th Novemlier, 1889, ^12,903,607 ; of this amount the sum of ^6,488,455 had been already paid, leaving ^6,415,152 still due, $39,050 not having been earned. The above amount of $12,903,607 had been voted among 91 companies, but as, on the 4th November. 1889, no contracts had been entered into by 32 companies, it is not at all probable that the full amount will ever become payable. In addition to the above money subsidies, grants of land have been made to 15 companies in Manitoba and the N^orth-West Territories, amounting to 24,145,144 acres, of which quantity 81,058 acres have been patented. The average grant was 6,400 acres per mile, and the estimated number of miles subsidised was 3,272. A loan was also authorized to one company, in 1886, of $15,000, of which $14,725 have been paid and $275 are still due. Under the provisions of an Act passed during the Session of 1888, 11,316 tons of used rails were loaned to seven dift'erent companies under certain condi- tions. 154. Previous to Confederation the Government of Kova Scotia had subsidised the Windsor and Annapolis Kailway t^' the extent of $1,089,674, and the Canadian Government had paid $2,656 to the Toronto, Grey and Bruce Railway, which amounts were afterwards assumed by the Dominion Govern- \ri ' '4 mm ■i-i FINANCE. Ill inent. The total amount, therefore, paid by the Dominion (lovernment towards the construction of railways smee Con- t'odcration has been : — Amount paid before Confederation by Provincial Govern- ments and subsequently assumed by the Dominion. . . 8'';'M)2,330 Subsidies paid by the Dominion Government 6,488,455 Total 87,580,785 155. The total amount paid on Capital Account was $4,420,- Payments 314, being |17,146 less than in 1888. The amount was made Account,* i. n 188i». up as follows : — Canadian Pacific Railway gt 86,716 Caite Breton " 1,083,277 Intercolonial " 655,228 Eastern Extension " 34,236 Digby and Annaiwlis Railway . ... 9,847 Oxford and New Glasgow " . . . 840,553 Carillon Canal 137 Cornwall " 163,(>94 Culbute " 17,112 Grenville " 161 Lachine " 76,033 Murray " 215,326 Ste. Anne's Canal 24,786 Sault Ste. Marie Canal 34,019 Tay " 89,486 Trent River " 47,5!)2 Welland " 225,910 Williamsburgh " 59,867 St. Lawrence River and Canals 18,494 Caiie Tormentine Harbour 24,042 Esquimau Graving Dock 7,949 Kingston " " .33.764 Public Buildings, Ottawa 132,151 Port Arthur Harbour and Kamistiquia River 134,168 Improvement of the St. Lawrence 243,334 Dominion Lands 130,685 North-West Rebellion Losses. 31,449 ' $4,420,314 156. The sum of $545,947 was laid out in investments, being invest an increase of $245,177 as compared with 1888. The invest- ""''"*'• ments were as follow : — Albert Railway Company ft 177 Quebec Harbour Commission 520,717 Fredericton and St. Mary's Bridge Railway Company 25,053 $ 545,947 'i '* I •■ ^ ..■■'•* ■I '.^ ti , •» ! . "•:i '■l.^' I ;: ■ III ■ . -l' 112 Total ex- l)enditiii't' on Capital Account & Railway SiibHidies. .1 . ^,- Estimated '» revenue ■iv and exi»en- dit.u-e, l>;sy. *i'' . ',. > Profit on MJlver. i; ■ l* ■ ♦"i' 1*1 ■ ■ Heads of fii.i'.' i revenue and exi)en- diture, 1807-1889. yt : . 1 CHAPTER III. 157. The total expenditure on capital account and subsidies to railways, together with the sums invested as above, amounted to $5,812,982, being an increase of expenditure under these heads, as compared Avith the preceding year, ot' $47,710. The subsidios to railways authorized at the last Session of Parliament amounted to $3,088,071, as compared with $946,700 voted at the previous Session, being an increiise of $2,141,371 ; and several of the new roads are in process of construction. 158. The revenue for 1889 was estimated at $38,601,2l»4, which was $181,576 less than the amount actually reali/A'd, and the expenditure, including Supplementary Estimates, was put at $37,751,763 , which was $833,928 more than was ex- pended. 159. The profit from the silver coined during the year was $52,774, which was sufficient to pay the salaries of the staff ot the Finance Department. 160. The several amounts received and expended under the principal heads of ordinary revenue and expenditure in each year since Confederation are given in the following table : — HEADS OF REVENUE-CONSOLIDATED FUND-1808-1889. Hkads OF REVKNtE. Amounts ItECEivEi). 1808. 1809. 1870. 1871. 1872. Taxation . Railways Canals Other Public Vv^orks Post Office Interest on Invest- ments '. . . Land Revenue (D.i &0.) ...! ( >ther Sources . . . j Total.. .. ll,700,r>81 413,il7!t 403,918 8.S,5»)9 525,092 •^ I 11,112.573 440.113 440,343 78,^177' 535,315 $ B 1.3,087,882 10,320,3t>8 471,554 544,124 421,lK)2; 472,070 120,420 314,021 11.3,039 .573,50(> 129,441 012,031 17,715,552 048,788 470,305 92.570 092,375 383,9i5G' 554,3S3 488,041 42,333 .391,330 45,248! 1,4.53,0841 49,915 410,001 9.5,210 000,721' 54,043 .553,073 13,087,928 14,379,174! 15,.512,225' 19,.'«5,i5<50j 20,714,813 1 , : 1 ; 1873. 17,010,.-),-)4 703,4:>.s 48s,ii;w 125,14S 833,(m: 390,404 80,548 5<»!),t;7o 20,813, 4(i!l I !i;f-l FINANCE. HKADS OF REVENUE-CONSOLIDATED VITSD-Concluded. Heaps OK Kkvenck. Taxation Kail way 8 Canals . ..;. OtluT Public WorkH I'dst Office Iiitf iTst on Invest- iiicntH... Land Revenue (D. kO.) Other Sources Total Amounts Rkceived. 1874. 20,129,1«6 893,430 499,314 117,170 1,139,973 610,863 244,365 570,792 24,205,092 1875. 20,664,878 904,407 432,'i76 95,477 1,155,332 840,887 72,669 482,599 24,648,716 1876. 9 18,614,416 996,138 380,994 102,099 1,102,540 798,906 59,8'>7 532,598 1877. 22,587,587 17,697,924 1,285,110 396,980 124,986 1,114,946 1878. 9 17,841,938 1,514,846 363,358 156,279 1,207,790 717,684 605,774 91,490 630,164 63,644 621,382 22,069,274 22,375,011 1879. 9 18,476,613 1,419,955 .348,280 94,914 1,172,418 '592,500 64,678 348,024 22,517,382 Hkads ok Revenue. Taxation Railways Canals ■ Other Public Works Post Office Interest on Investments., Land Revenue (D. & O.). Other Sources . . Total Taxation. .. Railways Canals , Other Public Works Po8t Office , Intere.st on Investments , liand Revenue (D. & O.), Other Sources Total Amounts Received. 1880. 18,479,576 1,742,537 338,314 86,550 1,252,498 834,792 150,571 422,568 23,307,406 1885. 25,384,529 2,624,243 325,958 115,302 1,841,372 1,997,035 24,541 484,021 32,797,001 1881. 23.942,138 2,203,064 361,083 118,777 1,352,110 751,514 181,871 724,740 29,635,2{)7 1886. 25,226,45(5 2,62S),336 329,712 123,362 1,901,690 2,299,078 26,483 640,923 33,177,040 1882. 1883. 27,549,046 2,253,734 325,459 131,941 1,687,888 914,009 42,989 578,889 33,383,455 1887. 28,087,002 2,839,746 323,363 107,681 2,020,623 990,887 213,459 672,233 36,754,993 29,269,698 2,541,206 365,537 194,396 1,800,391 1,001,193 19,403 602,826 35,794,649 1888. 28,177,413 3,167,564 810,386 78,167 2,379,242 932,025 263,323 610,343 36,908,463 1884. 25,483,199 2,521,170 369,945 164,677 1,765,674 986,698 14,139 566,459 31,861,961 1889. 30,613,523 3,167,543 332,393 142,631 2,220,504 1,305,892 279,893 720,991 38;782,870 8 118 1 • . ■' 1 • •• :.. ■■ ". • ■^ '- . ,' -, •• ^ . « '■ ' ' . . •** ■ ■■ ■, Mr:>;.- .■ ■; ■■■••': • f u: ■ I .. • ■ J ■- ^ r 1 «'f )-i mi .ill*'' » ♦ ..•■•> .- :v.i:;;,: ;. .'vik ili'l ) 114 il: .:■ ■ . -" 1 * •' ^ 1 ■{: •■*-' *< ■ . .; CHAPTER III. HEADS OF EXPENDITURE-CONSOLIDATED FUND, 1808 188S». HbaDM ok ExPKNniTCRK. Charges for Debt and Subfli- dies LegiHlation Civil (Jovernnifint Public Works and Buildings.. Railways Canals Penitentiaries Administration of Justice Militia and Defence Mounted Police (N.W.T.). . . . Lighthouse and Coast Service Immigration and Quarantine. Charges on Revenue i Other Exi)enditure 1868. 1860. 7,00»,990 695,810 5iM,442 ia{,270 35i»,9tfl 226,084 20)),3(i» 291,243 1,013,016 1870. 1871. 9 8,403,527 400,614 559,6431 65,429; 387,548; 25S,()01 2««>,817 315,215 937,513 Total Charges for Debt and Subsi- dies Legislation Civil Government.. Public Works and Buildings.. Railways Canals Penitentiaries Administration of Justice Militia and Defence Mounted Police (N.W.T).. . . Lighthouse and Coast Service Inmiigration and Quarantine. Charges on Revenue Other Expenditure 174,983 60,396 1,299,759 564,7(59 190,671 43,148 1,521>,522 6({8,436 8,102,191 379,752 620,349 126,239 445,209 301,304 211,982 304,300 1,246,973 1«72. 9 8,(a8,565| 356,2061 642,3011 597,«J32l 523,5471 405,432! 219,212 314,411! 908,733' 9,0*t4,»;2 3!i;<,!t(;4 <>t>.'U.S!l 8^>;^.;i^4 5it.-).()7(; 33lt,17(; 2()r),lll 34(;.,S4N i,<>i>4,L'rM 229,«»2 71,!»35 1,605,212 701,380, 334,693 71,7!M) 1,613,3(51 997.19tJ 34:.,(w;< l,7«tt,:)44 i,2(;!i,!»; 1,847,175 467,883 395,.5.-)2 459,037 977,376 199,5!>9 537,058 318,.573 2,4(58,376 1,943,146 1875. 11,124,72(5 572,273 J»09,26(5 1,757,076 1,681,934 404,925 31-7 ■>»3 4{;,ioe 1,018,{H4 33.S,.584 490,2571 302,771 2,732,795 1,654,522 19,174,647 23,316,316 23,713,071 24,488,372 1876. 11,122,359 (527,231 841,{«)(5| 1,948,{W2 1,497,128 403,215 312,015 644,091 978,530 369,518: 545,8491 385,845! 2,895,89(> 2,016,757 Charges for Debt and Subsidies. Legislation Civil Government Public Works and Buildings Railways Canals Penitentiaries Administration of Justice Militia and Defence Mounted Police (N.W.T.) Lighthouse and Coast Service Immigfration and Quarantine Charges on Revenue , Other Expenditure Total. 1878. 11.659,523 618,035 823,370 998,695 2,032,873 349,787 308,102 564,920 618,137 334,749 461,968 180,691 2,918,464 1,633,944 23,603,158 1879. 11,952,641 748,007 861,171 1,013,593 2,233,496 344,574 308,483 577,897 777,699 344,824 447,567 212,224 2,983,092 1,660,113 1880. 12,659,667 5J8.106 898,605 1,050,193 1,853,223 378,208 270,382 674,311 690,019 332,856 426,304 183,204 2,997,417 1,938,141 1H77. 11,4H<»,327 f)!M;.O0(i 81-MlW 1,26L',.S23 l,«!H»,2tl!) av),(iii 303,l(;!t 56."),r)!i,s 5r)(),4.*)2 3i-)L'.74!t 471,27,s 353,i»r)l 2,949,017 i,5(J(),«.*)H 23,519,301 24,455,381 24,850,634 1881. 12,525,«as 611,371) 915,<)r)l) 1,108,81.5 2,220,421 413,771) 3ffi,M 583,!)57 667,000 289,845 443,724 250,813 3.078,907 2,084,757 26,602,554 HEADf Headi riiaiK«"H.f')r D( Lt^'islation . , Civil (Jovernni I 'ill (lie Works Kiiilwivys CilllJllH I't'iiitt-ntiaries. Adiiiini.stratioi Militia and Dt Mminted Polic Li^'lithouse anr Iiiinii^'mtion ai Cliiir(,'CH on Re' Otiicr K-xjiendii Total Chivr>,'t'H for Dt LfffiHJation Civil (Jovernmi Tiiblic Works Ruilways . . Ciumls Penitentiaries Adiiiiiiistratioii Militia and De Moimted Polio Lighthouse anc Inmiigration ai Charges on Re\ Otiier Expendi Total. ;!•;♦• FINANCE. 116 HEADS OF EXPENDITURE-CONSOLIDATED FUND, 1868 188{> —Concluiletl. ^1 Hraps of Expenditukk. C"liiii'K»*H for Debt and SubHidies. , IjfKiMlation Civil (fovernnient I'ulilic Works and Buildings Kiiilwivyw CiUlivlH. I'tiiitHitiaries Ailniii»i«tration of Justice Militiiv and Defence . M<.«mted Police (N.W.T.).. lii^'litliouse and Coast Service. . Ininii^'ration and C^iarantine . . . . Cl)!ii'({t'M (HI Revenue OtlitT K.xiienditure 1885. 12,757,572 582,200 1)4)1,032 l,342,(HIO 2,;n5,7iM) 525, l«M} 2J»3,f>17 581,»HH) 772,812 3(»<,451,540 4.37,734 3,4!W,5K»8 2,023,108 12,ft37,«{63 (Mi2,707 1,084,418 2,008,852 2,«»«4,452 (}01,74l 21MJ,l»iK> 015,045 080,4!»8 485,«»84 520,524 575,327 3,753,<»25 2,050,814 Total 27,067,103 28,730,167 CharpcH for Debt and Subsidies. LeffiHlivtion Civil (lovernment Public Works and Buildings Riiilways CiuuiIh Penitentiaries Administration of Justice Militia and Defence Mounted Police (N.W.T.) . . . . liife'hthouse and Coast Service. . . Imuiigration and Quarantine . . . ChnrgeM on Revenue OtluT Exi)enditure Total. 1886. 16,272,726 1,037,77!) 1,1!)0,371 2,04(>,562 2,853,183 573,443 310,782 707,832 1,178,660 1,020,360 553,515 347,576 4,460,080 6,440,246 39,011,612 8 15,248,,35«; (^0,538 1,130,405 2,302,34 612,812' 462,864! 4,702,133 3,186,175 1888. 16,204,4961 807,424' 1,258,618 1,1(52,116 3,643,088 692,737i 320,7771 (578,815: l,273,179i 862,965 489,258 312,491 4,629,431 3,292,199 35,657,680| 36,718,494 1889. 16.210,.594 701,170 1,281,714 2,200,231 3,-520,(517 7.54,344 319,43(5 (585,807 1,323,5.52 829,702 511,779 292,.5.52 4,778,038 3,400,290 36,917,835 8i mM.'- I tvv-i.i j'.'i t * *;,.■•., I i ' • •'. . .• i ' , i li Mr ' ■ • . '.[: 1 vHH " -f'i 116 CIIAPTEr. III. Revpnue 161. The t'ollowiiiff taV)lo ifives the proportion per head of and exwn- . n n x x r ^ (litur.) iKT estimated population to the ordinary revenue and expenditure head. (Consolidated Fund) tor every year since Confederation : — PROPORTION OF ORDINARY REVENUK AND EXPENDITURE PKU HEAD OF POPULATION-IH08 80. i : ^ I Increase & decrease per head. - ^ ■ m j 1 1 -.}■■; ■ ■ ' t ' !■■■ 1 'i ' m 4 ' Ilii \^l. Ykak kn!»kh 30th Junk, EHtiniated Population. 18«W : 3,371,51M 182 1873 i .S,(MW,220 1874. 1875. 1876. 1877. .. 1878 1879 1880 1881 ... . 1882 1883 1884 1885 1886 1887 1888 1889 3,825,.S05 3,88«,.534 3,940, ir>3 4,013,271 4,078,024 4,14«,10<{ 4,215, .'WO 4,34.5,8(«» 4,430,3% 4,517,176 4,(»0.5,654 4,60.5,864 4,793.403 4,875,035 4,072,101 6,075,856 RevenuH per Ht-iul. 9 CtH. 4 4 4 5 5 r» ')5 21 29 60 74 67 6 33 6 34 5 72 5 50 5 40 5 4.S 5 63 6 82 7 54 7 J»2 6 }»2 6 08 6 92 7 .33 7 22 7 60 Exi)enditiii>i J)er end. S cts. (M) 11 1". 44 H7 () 10 6 10 20 m 5 76 5 r),81!» f>«i»,(t55 ti08,(»7!> 2.54,200 8 ct«. 2 23 2 0«» 1 47 1 02 4 .aa 4 4i>H,4(N) )>0!),017 * 572.003 7H*<,o:).') 270,030 .llt't»*C • NKviv Scotiii 3 18 1 .SH *Ni\v HruiiMwiok tMiiiiitoha tllritiHli Cdlninhiu *l'rina' Kdwiird IhIiukI 1 03 4 21 5 70 2 32 'I'otiil ll,ft23,!H10 2 31 12,400,087 2 50 ♦.31<*t DeuemlKT, 1888. t30th .luiU", 1888. , , *KxduHive of .*418,528 »'x|H>mlitim' on R»'il River ViilU'y Railway. The expenditure exceeded the revenue in four out of the seven Provinces, the excess being largest in Quebec. The revenue was highest in proportion to population in British Columbia, and lowest in Nova Scotia ; the expenditure was also lowest in Nova Scotia, and highest in British Columlna. Revenue exceeded expenditure in Ontario, Nova Scotia and Manitoba. 164. The following statement gives the revenues and expen- Revenue ditures in the United Kingdom and British possessions, princi- ditnre m" pally in the year 1888, with the proportion of each per head fy^^^^} of population : — "'""*"• .•i.;t I-' I,-. •• . ; f r^V-""*'! % "•;.•.] r.n m 116 CHAPTER III. ^^':h ■' '/ 1 8!' ' Country. Eiirop*) — United Kingdom . . Gibraltar Malta Asia — India Ceylon Straits Settlement . Labuan Hong Kong Africa- Mauritius Natal C&pe of Good Hope St. Helena Lagos Gold Coast Sierra Leone Gambia , . America — Canada Newfoundland Bermuda Honduras British Guiana West Indies — Bahamas Turks Island •Jamaica VVinward Islands . . Leeward Islands Trinidad .... Australasia — New South Wales . , Victoria South Australia Western Australia . . Queensland asmania New Zealand South Seas — Fiji Falkland Island Total Year. 1«89 1888 1888 1888 1888 1888 1888 1888 1888 1888 1888 1888 1888 1888 1888 1888 1889 1888 1888 1888 1888 1888 1888 1888 1888 1888 1888 1888 1888 1888 1888 1888 1888 1888 1888 1888 Revenue. Amount. 4.30,567,685 288,408 I,l(i8,7l0 383,207,420 5,311,757 2,816,462 18,605 1,578,931 4,172,709 4,820,988 16,674,961 45,090 277,682 475,994 306,770 102,132 38,782,870 1,389,058 142,944 211,754 2,248,113 221,813 31,404 3,364,073 1,432,960 51.S,175 2,338,545 43,246,952 37,023,643 12,140,173 1,737,414 15,463,920 3,114,997 20,001,100 316,426 43,562 l,a35,689,200 Per Head. $ cts, 11 32 15 62 7 19 1 82 1 86 5 24 3 16 7 31 11 30 10 01 11 67 8 86 2 77 43 4 09 7 22 64 04 20 71 07 4 62 6 67 5 48 4 80 4 23 12 34 39 83 33 94 38 14 41 23 39 91 21 31 32 93 2 52 23 05 388 Expenditure. Amount. 426,727,973 258,230 1,033,256 393,171,070 5,043,322 2,598,630 19,091 2,019.997 3,782,169 5,087,910 15,869,027 50,847 21MJ,088 649,544 308,001 103,947 36,917,835 1,855,966 140,876 202,390 2,387,421 216,226 .34,943 8,00.'), 420 1,356,734 563,088 2,264,951 42,723,742 35,464,135 11,565,142 1,874,543 16,395,235 3,452,832 19,286,171 287,099 42,914 1,037,046,7'55 Per Head. cts. 11 22 13 !W 6 30 87 77 84 24 9 36 10 24 10 57 11 11 10 00 2 96 46 4 11 7 34 7 27 9 40 9 07 7 37 8 57 50 31 90 54 64 11 90 39 35 32 61 36 33 44 48 42 31 23 63 31 75 229 22 71 3 89 ti 111 FINANCE. 119 165. Though the expenditure only exceeded the revenue in Revenues 16 out of the 36 countries and colonies named in the list, the lasian total revenue was $1,357,565 less than the expenditure. in<*<'"®^' proportion to population, both the revenues and expenditures of the Australasian Colonies are very high, the chief explan- ation of which is that " a considerable revenue is derived from " the usufruct of the unsold lands, which is not generally the " case elsewhere ; the revenues also are swelled by the large " sums which are received annually from the alienation of " Crown Lands, and from the working of the State railways."'* "The practice of treating money derived from the sale of "Crown Lands as revenue obtains in all the Australian " Colonies, and the money so raised forms one of the largest " items of their annual income.''^ Canada will undoubtedly in a few years be deriving a large revenue from the sale of Dominion Lands, provided that the practice of treating such moneys as revenue will be in force, but all the principal rail- ways are in the hands of private companies. Both in India and Cape Colony, as well as in Australasia, the railways are principally owned by the Government, producing a correspond- ing: difference in the amount of revenue. 166. The ordinary revenues and expenditures in some of the Revenues principal Foreign Countries, as nearly as they could be ascer- dituresTn tained, are given in the following table : — countries. •Victorian Year Book, 1884-5, p. 131. t Wealth and Pi-ogress of New South Wales, p. 383. iMrni _.«■.■ ',•?•• « \ :■•:•• ,.>■■. •• •■. ' ■•■ ■ '■•,.. • ■ .■ 120 CHAPTER III. REVENUES AND EXPENDITURES IN FOREIGN COUNTRIES. i'': I Countries. Austria Hungary. . . , Belgium Denmark . Egypt ; France *Gennan Empire. . . , Gi-eece Italy Japan Mexico , Netherlands .... . Norway and Sweden Portugal Riisaia , Sj)ain Switzerland Turkey United States Year. 1887 1886 1887 1886 1887 1886 188<5 1887 1886 1886 1887 1887 1885 1886 1886 1887 188.5 1889 Revenue. 8 336,439,883 64,079,485 15,421,150 45,016,470 755,515,300 184,3(>0,490 16,26.5,000 327,685,420 76,428,3(J0 30,625,000 48,641,140 34,567,977 35,758,640 694,415,128 1(58,334,456 10,02.5,751 73, n 12 2 (HI 2 :a 11 24 5 14 !l 01 (> 37 Kt 14 3 42 3 (II 4 3'i m '^t:., *Not including the revenue.s and exjienditures of the several States. France has both the largest revenue and the lari^o^t expenditure of any country in the world, considerably exccod- ing that of the United Kingdom. In 1887 it will be seen that the two amounts were almost identical, the proportion per head of population being the same ; the same remark applies to Japan. Expenditure was in excess of revenue in eleven out of the eighteen countries about which particulars are given. Revenue 167. A 8 stated above in paragraph 142, the sources from which received from tax- the Ordinary revenue of Canada is derived may be divided into '•other two classcs, viz., 1, Taxation ; 2, Other Sources, and the sources. " N Cts. s (;2 10 (13 7 (i"i 1) <),s I'.t 77 H34 s »;•.> n 12 2 (HI 2 .-)3 11 24 nu il 01 ()37 10 14 3 42 3 01 4 3-i ■- ■; • FINANCE. , - , ■ following figures give the amount raised in each class in 1889 :— Revenue raised by taxation S30,(!13,523 " " from other sources 8,169,347 Total S3«,782,870 121 168. As compared with the preceding year, there was an Receipts from tax- increase in receipts from taxation of $2,436,110 and an increase ation in Canada. from other sources of $438,297, and of the total revenue 78*93 per cent, was derived from taxation, as against 80*23 per cent, in 1887, and 78*47 per cent, in 1888. The receipts from taxes being derived solely from Customs and Excise duties, it follows, in the absence of any extreme increase in the tariff, that the more prosperous the country, and the larger its trade, the greater will be the amount derived from taxation, and as the largest part of the revenue is obtained in this manner, in the years of the largest revenues the amount of taxation per head of population will also be found to be largest. It will be seen, however, that in 1883, when the amount derived from taxation was $1,343,825 less than in the year under review, the amount paid per head was 45 cents more, and it will also be noticed that the proportion of revenue raised by taxation in these days of a protective tariff is not so large as it was in the years when a revenue tariff was in force. 169. The following table gives the amount raised by taxation Amount in each year since Ist July, 1867, also the average amount of taxation, 1868-1889 . such taxation paid per head of population, and the proportion of total revenue : — ' . > '* (," 1 in h t:i.: '. t u 1 it- m :-:r'- t ■■,{ - -■ ■; Increase in taxation. |:':;;/' ••'- ■' m-\'. ''*'■ , . *'*'^ fi-l-. CHAPTER III. TAXATION IN CANADA— 1868 TO 1889. Ye4R endki) 30th .Tune. 11,701,681 11,112,573 13,087,882 16,320,368 17,715,552 17,616,554 20,12J»,185 20,664,878 18,614,415 17,697,{>24 17,841,038 18,476,613 1880 ; 18,479,576 1868. 1869. 1870. 1871. 1872. 1873. 1874. 1875. 1876. 1877. 1878. 1879. Taxation. Gross Aniuimt. 1881. 1882. 1883. 1884. 1885. 1886. 1887. 1888. 1889. 23,942,138 27,549,046 29,269,698 25,483,199 25,384,529 25,226,456 28,687,002 28,177,413 30,613,523 Increase, 1,975,309 .S,232,486 1,395,184 2,512,631 535,693 144,014 634,675 2,963 5,462,562 3,606,908 1,720,652 3,460,546 2,436iii6 Decrease. 588,108 98,998 2,050,463 916,491 3,786,499 98,670 158,073 509,589 Average per H^ad. 3 47 3 26 3 79 64 91 80 26 32 71 41 37 46 38 5 51 6 22 6 48 5 53 6 40 5 26 5 88 5 67 6 03 Per- centage of Total Revenue 85-4« 77-28 84-37 84-41 85-i-)2 84-»i4 83-16 83-84 82-41 80-23 79-74 82 05 79 ^l) 80 7!» 82-52 81-77 79-!l8 77 -a!) 76-03 80-23 78-47 78-93 Amounts raised by Customs and Excise duties, 1868-1889. 170. The amount raised by taxation was larger in 1889 than any year since Confederation, and was $19,500,960 more than in in 1869, in which year the smallest amount during the period was raised. Comparing the first and last years of the above period of twenty-two years, it will be found that while the total receipts have increased 161 per cent, the amount paid per head of population has only increased 73 per cent. ; while the proportion to total revenue has decreased 7*66 per cent. Very important changes were made in the tariff during the Session of 1890. 171. The following table gives the amounts raised frora Customs and Excise duties during the last twenty-two years, together with the proportion of each to population : — TAXATION ] Ykab enueu r '■'. ;'J!:; FINANCE. T\X\TION BY CUSTOMS AND EXCISE DUTIES, AND PROPORTION TO POPULATION IN CANADA— 1868-1889. 128 Ykar ended 30th June. 18(!8. isdi). 1S70. 1871. 1872. . 1873. , 1S74. . 187.i. . 187ti. K7.. 1878.. 1S7!). . 1880.. 1881,. 1882. . 18f<3. . 1884. . 188r).. 188(1. . 1887.. 1888.. 188!).. Customs. ' 8,578,380 8,272,879 9,334,212 11,841,104 12,787.982 12,954,1«4 14,325,192 15,361,011 12,823,837 12,546,;)87 12,782,824 12,900,659 14,071,343 18,406,0J»2 21,581,570 23,00i),582 20,023,890 18,9.S5,428 19,373,551 22,378,801 22,105,926 23,726,784 Amount _per Head. $ cts. 2 54 2 42 2 70 336 3 54 3 53 3 74 3 95 3 25 3 14 3 13 3 11 3 34 4 23 4 87 5 09 4 43 4 03 4 04 4 59 4 44 4 67 Excise. Amount per Head. 3,002,588 I 2,710,028 3,619,622 4,295,944 4,735,651 4,460,681 5,694,903 5,069,687 5,563,487 4,941,897 4,868,671 5,390,763 4,232,427 5,343,022 5,884,859 6,260,116 5,459,309 6,449,101 5,862,{K)4 6,308,201 6,071,487 6,886,739 $ cts. 89 79 1 05 1 22 1 31 1'22 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 46 30 41 23 19 .30 00 23 33 39 18 37 23 29 22 35 172. It will be seen that considerably the largest part of the Proper- I whole amount of taxation is derived from Customs duties, the rived fromi proportion in 1889 being 77 per cent.; in 1887 and 1888, 78 per Customs. I cent; in 1886, 76 per cent., in 1885, 74 percent., and in lJr34 1 78 per cent. This is a larger proportion than in either the United Kingdom and most of the colonies, or in many Euro- [pean countries and the United States. 173. The expenses of colloction of Customs revenue were Collection lonly 3*64 per cent, of the amount realized, a lower proportion revenue, Ithan that in 1888, and considerably lower than the average jsince Confederation, which has been 4*60 per cent. The fact Ithat it cost $2.37 per head more to collect the revenue of 1868 [than it did that of 1889, which was three times as large, shows [that the proportion does not always increase with the amour.t, : '1 !TH- I-.- i^: ■■■•..■■''>■ '■'■■'V'^! fill :'••■ '-■■. '• . :• n ■ ' * * %\ lO iMwiiaiiiwiii.' fl' I ill,' - • Hi;:' : •; ■*'l • ^ ^ Jit... If'. . -•-- ^ij' h ■ ; • '^t.::[ 124 CHAPTER III. Increase in CustomH receipts greater than in taxation per head. and that it relatively costs more to collect a small Customs revenue than a large one. Considering the large area of the Dominion, and the lei.gth of its frontiers, together with the large number of ports of entry it is necessary to keep up, the cost of collection must be considered as being moderate. In the United Kingdom in 1889 it was 4-62 per cent. 174. There being no system of direct taxation in this country, and the use of articles on which Excise duties are collected being to a very large extent optional, it follows that the Customs duties alone form that part of the general taxation of which everyone must pay a share, and it will therefore be noticed from the foregoing table that the proportion of increase . in receipts from Customs duties has been far larger than that of population, showing that the ability to purchase has increased in much greater ratio than the burden of taxation, the increase in the receipts from Customs being 176 per cent, since 1868, and in the amount ^er head 83 per cent. Customs 1 75. In the United Kingdom in 1889 the proportion per head head in was $2.58 ; in the United States in the same year it was ^3.61, countries/ in both cascs being a smaller proportion than in this country, while in some of the Australasian colonies it was very nmcli higher — for instance, in New South Wales it was $10.04, in New Zealand $10.86, and in Queensland $15.27 per head. These latter figures are for 1887. Heads of i7g^ The foUcwinff are statements for the last twenty-two taxation, ° . •' 1868-1888. years of the amounts received from the principal heads under which taxation has been levied by means of Customs and Excise duties. A s the tariff has undergone many changes during the period, notably in 1879, no comparisons can be strictly made from year to year, and the figures must always be considered with reference to the tariff in force at the time • — ■i!: (li i 1 X S >- x ^ •r. 3-3 £.SP« c3 2 C 3 T3 ^ •E FINANCE. I .;0©»-(05CCC5© OS tJ OJ «0 t? rH © ©eo W ©CC ?PCS^¥»SW»©53CS tp in 00 A © JO in ■^__in ^^00 !>• th^;d »n t- * ;© ■^ « w oB ©l--©NSPS'*?8©2W»filC©t>.©;Cri^--tr ©©>-(>-i© rH eo in »n so t- » X ^ 3:*5ts^a©x '*<^Joe'ieoNiH©t-.©r-(3^t-©in-i<-j^int-i-H »-l N ffq ^ i-t i-( iHiH iH 1^ i-( i-l i-l( '♦n©3trin2H,-i(N«5jx»nc5in i-n>.i-Hco©©^ix©©3co!5©i-H¥©&P-iee-»nin » •^ © i-H t- in © ;» i-H « >-i © i>- in in X © ■* eq N - © © © N ro i^ r-< ,^ * « t^ ,-( X © t- 1-- e^ i-H © ^«in«inc5©ini^©oe*5eo55in©x©in«R i-H(NMN*'t'oin'?»'555«o»nin'»<^-i.« l-WXi-i3'«©©t>.© SMi-if-i©MX©«'^ eoini-i©i-iXi-iN"»< iHX §in©i-i b-1-tX «©t-. 1-H iH 1-i i-l 1-H 1-1 r-( iH r^ rH rH i-H i^ r^ iH i-l iH |4 rH )©c5i-5e4e<5'^irf©|^Q6os^'i-; ) Sp oo.oo 00 X 00.00 00 oox oc 00 00 125 .1,, . ..^ ..\, I i'rl i i L: .>■.''.■■■ •**•*. k " • A': ,; •■ /^. ' '«% ■■• * i tr^.y. ' ': .,v;j •■;i i !!' • - :' ! '■• I:.- * •• 5 i . - i=^ .' ". ■^i'.' 11.' ♦'■. I- f: ir;-t .*l 'is :4 I it' I 126 a 1^ i U >^ P3 O < H O OS Q _ •> •> * _^ ^ ^ *> _•« •« » •> •> 0t » •* _ ^ ^ W XXXM't"3-rrH3©Sx-^©^^i'-:5X©5p in •e5-.r;3C;^t-iM:5®iHac^astsi-©i^^?q5*j©T-'rhi>.H®5jXiM©t-.©53 ) I- X__C<; X^©^^__rH rH M ©_05_X^eO ^i-H ^^i>. ^ ©_ cT ^ t" ^ cT x' i-^ sT !C ^^ iH cop>--xo)©iH( >xaoxxxxx^xacxS)oo( 3 « 9 I s c3 e o t i « 0) i I < < 7 I •»n'-a? >©X'*»-il--.«i-ii-<'*'Wl--'«!»«XxS«flOXl-© ^ •! * _ •* _.* •* * l^ * *'_'' f *■ ^ *• »• *'__^ ^ •'*' • » 3 © 55 ^ 1-. { ) ^ fi'S *r* ^ *c c 55St5«'-iSRSS2^*''"-="*'*'"'^'*^'*'*9 S3Sl7>SS9!'-4'-^t7t-S>S3)L'>o©eo<£>©e9Siio Sai5as5a«ns:9B«aKi2S^t-©rcStsfta3 mix©99:^t-ei-t9!ieos9)nsi ac © gc « jH X 96 "if go a « t S © 92 ^l-- 'H 3B ir e^ OB ■*5sf5®xx'*o»©«et>.«NNN»ftxin53lrH«s©a6 >©rHe4C>9^^«St»XA©g( )Q0aOQ000O0QOQCX90a0xS0C !•»« w. u ' ^ 3! ?i5 *** ^ t^ ^ ^ 1 s e s o i Si s I o 9 0< s 127 . 1 4f :<■ • * »i ;''\;!-. rii^'r^'^V.-; N r . .1 ''■ 'i ; •-risKj: ■^;»}.:>'" <: (-4: :-'^-/'T y * • ' I--. ::-^ i' ><-• ft' ' I- i : i i 128 CHAPTER III. HfadH of 177. The Customs duties are collected by the Departnioiit revenue, of Customs, and the amount of duty received on the various 1887-88-89. jy^iable articles imported is set out in detail in Chapter IV (Trade and Commerce). The Excise duties are collected by the Department of Inland Revenue, and the following table taken from the Inland Revenue Report gives particulars of the amounts accrued from the various sources of Excise Revenue during the years 1887, 1888 andl889 : — HEADS OF KXCISK REVENUE IN CANADA, 1887, 1888 AND 18«1». Heads of Revenue. SuiritH. Malt liquor Malt CitrarH . Tooacco . . Petroleum Manufactures in bond. Seizures Other receipts Total 1887. 1888. 9 \ 3,737,33!) 3,09!»,01 /.' ? ml-^ 178. There was, it will be seen, an increase in accrued revenue of $882,051 as compared with the previous year, and and of $426,461 as compared with 1887. The principal increase took place in duty on spirits, which is partly attributed to the fact of duty-paid alcohol having taken the place of methylated spirits in the preparation of many tinctures and liniments used by druggists ; the use of methylated spirits being only per- mitted in the mechanical arts under special bonds. The increase in duty paid on malt liquor, though not large in actual amount, was very large proportionately, being an increase of 82 pei cent. The duties paid on petroleum and manufactures in bond, and the amount of seizures, were slightly less than in 1889, but otherwise there was an increase under each head. FINANCE, 129 179. The duties on bill atatnpa, &c., wore all repealed in Hiii 188:2, the amount received in that year up to the date of repeal ** '""'*"' hixviii::' been ^82,616, and the total amount received since Coiiti'doration, $2,686,850. The receiptn from suear duties in -Sugar 188!t were $266,806 more than in 1888, and were larger than in any other year in the table. The duty on tea was taken off in 1H82, (pausing a large reduction of revenue. 180. The consumption of tea and sugar per inhabitant has Consump- beon jjjenerally considered one of the best standards by which and Mugar. to judge the condition of the people, it having been found that the consumption of these two articles indicates more clearly than almost anything else their well-being, or otherwise ; and judging the condition of the inhabitants of Canada by this test, it will be found that there has been a steady and satisfactory improvement. In 1868 the consumption of sugar was 15 lbs. per head, in 1877 it was 23 lbs. per head, and is now no less than 44 lbs., an increase of 21 lbs. per head in the last ten years, and more than double the quantity consumed in 1877. As far as information is available, it would appear that the per ctfpita consumption of sugar in Canada is larger than that of almost any other country, with the exception of the United Kingdom and the United States, a fact that speaks well for the condition of the working classes in this country. In the United King- dom the amount was 73 lbs. per head, having increased from 15 lbs. per head in 1840 ; in the United States the consump- tion is about the same as in this country. The consumption of tea in Canada has also very largely increased ; in 1868 it was 2 lbs. per head, in 1877 it was 3J lbs. per head, and is now about 4 lbs. per head. In England the. consumption in 1888 was 4*95 lbs. per head. 181. The amount of taxation in the United Kingdom, and Taxation in such other British possessions for which the figures for any Jl^s?^^*** recent period were available, are given, as nearly as could be ^'°"*" i 1 •< V 'P^'A^ •■ ■■■ ■ ,i •:."* ..■ ; ■'""■ ■•'• :■ .•■• 180 CHAPTER III. ascertained, in the following table. The figures of Canaila fur 1887 are inserted for purposes of comparison : — TAXATION IN PRINCIPAL BRITISH POSSESSIONS. I'.v { < t' h Country. Year. United Kingdom . . . India Ca)>e of Good Hojie Natal Canada New South Wales . . Victoria SoUth Australia . . . . Queensland Western Australia. Tasmania New Zealand Taxation. Amount. 1887 1887 1881 1882 1887 1887 1887 1887 1887 1887 1887 1887 370.426,000 136,628,182 8,17^074 1,.%3,405 28,687,003 12,710,930 13,607,983 3,166,739 6,616,678 919,367 1,827,438 9,128,771 Per Head 9 cts. 9 93 68 7 79 3 28 6 88 12 68 13 66 10 07 18 37 22 03 13 05 16 31 P., centiii^c of Totiil Rev»'iiiit', 83 K-) 37 70 66 (K) i2'2H 80 23 34 .S!) 43 14 32 2() 44 1.-. fi«)()() 03 11 64 l(i A larger percentage of revenue is raised in Canada than elsewhere, with the exception of the United Kingdom ; but, India and N"atal excluded, the amount raised per head by taxation is, in all the countries, very much larger than in the Dominion. In New Zealand it is three times, and in "Western Australia and Queensland nearly four times as much. Taxation 182. The following table gives the amount of taxation in in foreign ^ countries, gome of the principal tbreign countries : — ■ . --I'm- '■: '.'''mi FINANCE. TAXATION IN FORKIGN COUNTRIES. 1- 181 Country. Year. KfKOl'E. Aiixtiiiv (pro|»er) IWlifiuiii Frumf ; (icriiiiiti Kiiipire (irt'fc'f lulv XttlurliuulM I'ortuKal KusKiii Sp'ii" Asia. .Inpiui Amrkica Mfxico I'uitwl States 1887 1887 1887 1887 1887 1887 1887 1887 1887 1887 1887 1887 188U Taxation. Amount. Ptr Head. Pt < pm r- \ < i a. < ( A 1 *m ^ t > i- •■*.. M !«_• iOwas ■ 21 r ■• A ^aso m H ^2: > to be H fc-^ ''r' u* 33^ ^^H ^^ uK ^H S3i ^B ''^fe p-" S'-a

.()U0.3(i3 H '£< T.X 5ai Ol.G80 H il M« ^1 hai 2.<.M)8.083 ■ fcO oa i-5 [assets, 1 ^M*^ 'ease or H u2 . The I t't ^^H a:* IVfllGllt ^1 r> ^ > m r- < a: < A •- A V li §•3 1 12 >^ ^ ^ ft I I O I o FINANCE. ■^i-i'i'wineoiK'i'i-ii— t^i-H^i-i»H©i-iaD^©»B50 _^ *> ^ » ^ •!_» ••_* •'_^ * •> ^ ^ _W •» ^ _ *> N ■^l--Xl-»XXt^iN3VINrHT»<«'*^'^ti-iM»nin n»n»nxi--c»«e5C(M5-l--t^l--«>.XOS®tH!N«^'<*i»S»Soi?:X*NWWgS t^ ^ tn to s S X e» i-ix»3.-^iMt'.©i^©.n»3;3ii3gx©-»tx5;i^xx2545«5i©«oosM<-ir-is5 i^ rl rH 1-1 + + + + +|+4H-+i+ + + +|++| I+ + ^e2i'-»»©trXt5t-iNctx»0'«*a'-e='SsQ^^ '»«in»3:iH^5:i?5©i-iifflrH3xt-weo»n3>Nx^© 'ai3ixw©A^s^©i^xos ' w •* 1-1 ■* 1-- «o M Jn © X as 1-1 l>"C5^WOCC't*XiO ri«OXXFHS;Sj»5 rHf5©53ftiaf-4^X'^«©?bfti-i'^> «> •> •« •> wk «k M •« «k ^ » *k » ©inr-ii-(t^e<5©s»i^<-H'^»©t-.e9!pe'5i-i©e t^ 3 »^ Sf S ? 3 X «S X >* S ©5 S 5« 3 S § X © f*" •> •> _ _^ _ * ^ _^ _» ^ ^ *l •! _»» ^ ». _•! ^ Wl Pk » »t *■ •> X«35'*^t>.rH©WCOOS'*«JaO«OrH?ft-r-lrHir:b» i-(i-(i-(i-(i-(f-lr-r-l)-t»-li-(rHi-i««NSN8<155(N ^oe®©jHe.x9s©iH( xxxxxxaoxSoxfefexxaB' 133 ►. '.■,.«}() ■•v'4:; '■i %i ■;.»■■}' ., . 1" ' '. * ^ V- .1 •• ■■"*•,' ■■>f ■U:-' ..• ■' ... .)■••■ .jrr " 'J' i-li ^ i -' 11 i'i'i ■t--:'^^- '^ : :-'^ . :i J. ■ j __ » ii mm ' In i I'f ■ •'! ; ;;■ • ■'[} dm i It ibl *;!-■ mm 134 Increase in debt. CHAPTER III. 187. "With the exception of the years 1871 and 1882 tliere has been an increase in the amount of debt in every year since Confederation, the total increase amounting to ^161,801,400 being an average annual increase of $7,354,609. The assets, it will be seen, show an increase in 1888 of $209,538. 188. In 1868 the debt was equivalent to five and one-half revenue to years' revenue ; in 1872 it would only have taken four years' revenue, and in 1889 it would have required a little over six years' revenue to pay off the debt. It will be seen, there- fore, that the debt has increased in a somewhat greater ratio than the revenue, the proportion of increase being 213 per cent. and 183 per cent, respectively. propor- tion of Objects of debt. 189. The principal objects upon which this increase of debt has been laid out have been the following, viz., the assump- tion by the Dominion of the debts of the various Provinces on their entering the Confederation, the construction of the Inter- colonial and Canadian Pacific Railways, and of numerous pub- lic works, the enlargement and improvement of canals, har- bours and rivers, and the acquisition and management of the North-West Territories. Assump- 190. The allowed debt of the four Provinces, which was provincial assumed by the Dominion at the time of Confederation, was debts. $7.7,500,000. In 1869 a further allowance of $1,186,756 was made to Nova Scotia, and since that date additional Provincial debts have been assumed or allowed by the Dominion to the extent of $30,743,392, making a total assumption of Provincial debts of $109,430,148, leaving therefore the sura of $128,099,893 as the actual net liability created by the Dominion Government since Confederation. It must be remembered that the al- lowance of these debts to the Provinces was in accordance with arrangements made at that time, and that though the amount of the public debt has been thereby increased, no new liabilities have been actually created, inasmuch as these debts, •ii FINANCE. 186 if not taken over by the Dominion, would still be owing by the Provinces, and this assumption of Provincial debts has been therefore a simple transfer of liability, and the burden on the peoiiie has not been increased, but has been made actually ligliter, since the Government were enabled to change the high interest-bearing bonds of the Provinces for their own bonds at a lower rate. 191. The following are particulars of the Provincial debts Particu- lars of assumed by the Dominion at Confederation : provincial •^ debts assumed. Canada 9 62,500,000 Nova Scotia 8,000,000 New Brunswick ^ 7,000,000 $ 77,500,000 Debts subsequtntly assumed or allowed : Ncj'< >Ja(1869) 1,186,756 Th< oi : ; ovince of Canada (1873) 10,506,089 Province of Onterio 2,848,289 Quebec 2,549,214 Nova Scotia 2,343,059 " New Brunswick 1,807,720 " Manitoba 3,775,606 " British Columbia 2,029,392 " Prince Edward Island 4,884,023 ^ Total Provincial debts assumed 8 109,430,148 192. On the Canadian Pacific Railway has been expended increase •^ ^ of debt ^61,899,600, on the Intercolonial and connected railways accounted for. 140,375,246, and on canals $32,841,932, making a total of $185,116,778. Not only, therefore, is the whole debt thus accounted for, but it will be seen that under the above three,, lieads alone, there has been spent the sum of $7,016,885 more than the total actual increase of the debt since Confederation. I ■' ' I ^■* 1 .>«,<•. t.JV. .' I ■ , 1 ■; ■ i H .J 11 m "mi '"• '-' *,' ' ■"'• . '4 1% t ' . If 186 CHAPTER HI. Expendi- 193. The total expenditure on capital account since Con- tux'e on capital federation has been 178,102,413, made up as follows : — account since Con- federation Debts allowed to Provinces $ 30,743,392 Canadian Pacific Railway 61,899,600 Canals ,. 32,841,932 Tnterco' ial and connected railways 40,375,246 North- y/est Territories 3,785,296 Dominion Lands 2,989,462 Public Buildings, Ottawa 2,001,796 Prince Edward Island Railway 627,530 Other Public Works 2,838,158 $178,102,413 Increase of Debt > 16%801,40O Expenditure in excess of increase of Debt. . . $ 16,301,013 Exijendi- 194. Including the expenses attendant on the acquisition of tu'-e on public the North- West Territories, the following amounts, includino: works. ^ ) & ) » expenditure charged to revenue, have been spent on public works since Confederation : — Railways 9 100,922,178 Canals 33,994,788 Lighthouses and Navigation 8,336,195 Acquisition and Managem^./it of the North-Wes:, 5,356,0.S5 Government Buildings and Misct;llaneous Public Works 22,756,811 $177,366,007 Prior to Confederation there was expended on Railways and Canals ^62,944,175 On Public Works 10,690,917 Making a total expenditure on Public Works of .. . $241,001,099 Govern- 195. The following table shows the amounts spent by tlie penditure Government in each year since Confederation on the construc- works, tion of Railwa\"s, Canals, Public Buildings and other works : — 1868-1889. OOVKRNMEN !^'! \14 FINANCE. GOVKKNMENT EXPENDITURE ON THE CONSTRUCTION OF PUBLIC WORKS OF CANADA SINCE IsT JULY, 1867. 13? Ykak EXDEn 30th Junk 1808 18<)i> 187( 1871 1872 187S 1S7 187."). ••• 187(> 1877 1878 187!> 1880.. r... 1881 1882 1883 1884 18a') 1880 1887 1888 1889 T(»tal Railwaya. 'i.i3,353 282,615 1,729,381 2,946,930 5,620,569 5,763,268 3,935,123 5,018,427 4,497,434 3,209,502 2,643,741 2,507,053 6,109,5J)9 5,577,23(» 5,176,832 11,707,(519 14,134,933 11,241,975 4,480,833 3,270,433 3,094,043 3,501,279 106,J)22,178 Canals. $ 128,965 126,954 105,588 133,873 290,175 383,916 1,240,628 1,715,310 2,389,544 4,131,3% 3,843,339 3,064,0J>8 2,123,366 2,100,243 1,670,2()8 1,857,546 1.66.5,351 1,.572,918 1,333,422 1,783,698 1,188,302 1,145,988 Public Buildings. 33,95)4,788 105,960 113,453 73,514 410,101 678,936 422,030 600,962 800,812 1,07.5,483 736,240 518,908 372,059 442,394 507,949 544,032 675,260 1,2!)1,963 1,030,988 117,-346 l,02t),859 969,263 1,072,312 13,489,824 Other Public Works. 94,629 60,028 184,270 249,287 620,585 831,837 1,061,967 914,197 927,615 540,804 363,708 380,481 298,529 563,388 542,251 877,456 1,372,823 1,208,274 4.51,8!»0 1,.525,660 1,703,0.32 1,568,765 Total. 16,344,476 812,907 583,049 2,092,753 3,740,190 7,110,163 7,401,051 6,831,680 8.448,745 8,890,076 8,617,942 7,3i \ I •' ■ . •;. ' • . I '.■■' .''\ -r • '. ' ■•l^-.'.-i M' it . *•. 1>-h:."'1>^ If 1 '■■A * *l -I'll- ■• :, III m-^:^$f i "V^}^'. " -fe: :|t ';;;Jiii 138 CHAPTER III. Details of 198. In 1868 the assets amounted to $17,317,410, and in annetH. ^gg^ ^^ $50,192,021, showing an increase of $32,874,611. The assets only include interest-bearing investments, loans cash and banking accounts, no account being taken of the unsold lands belonging to the Government, nor of the railways, canals, public buildings and other public works, which it either owns r has assisted in construction, and which are the materia- dS' Its of the large expenditure of public money. The following are details of the assets on 30th June, 1889 :— Sinking Funds 822,730,299 Quebec Harbour Debentures 3,365,717 Montreal Harbour and Turnpike Bonds 385,000 Northern Railway Bonds 73,000 St. John River and Railway Extension Comiwiny 433,900 Canadian Pacific Railway Land Grant Bonds 29,000 North Shore Railway Bonds 970,000 Bank ^eposas 3,786,442 Province accounts 7,973,556 Sundry Investments 706,095 Total Interest-bcariij,? Investments $40,453,009 Miscellaneous accounts 2.034,154 Cash , 4,441,273 Specie reserve 3,261,116 Silver coinage accounts 2,469 Total assets $50,192,021 Interest- 199. In 1868 the interest-bearing assets amounted to the assets. sum of $15,853,720, or about 91 per cent, of the whole amount ; in 1889 they were $32,479,453, or about 65 per cent. of the whole. Average 200. The roduction in high interest-bearing debts, and debt and consequently the decrease in the rate of interest now payable, *******"• has been very considerable, as shown by the following table, in which the amounts given are those of the actual interest paid and received, and of the actual net interest ; and the average rate of net interest is the average rate of the interest actually paid on the gross debt, after deducting that received on assets : — ^1 ^• >p3' ^ < fH ' ^ 1 ft > & '« M 2^* Ms 3! H < 1 2 £ < H A 1 <| : t -u. ii a: ts- S <>s •Ti 'Jl < 1 < \ 1^- H ; ^ 3 •A 2 ^ p^ w a A M ^ T" i ' H 1 11 H , ts rj ■ •< a s ^1 H 1 A •]4 M K » n < a a 7, A K > t m < ! 2 H M -^ » •J} < FINANCE. w ^ ^ ^ CO CO CO CC CC CO CO COCOCOCOCOCO(^4^(^4COCO CO J I X eg ej X eg © *t2t-s20>5C3D««»«o*ifl'^»i^ N lH S5 «i5 »H t" « 5-i W iH b-'»fX»H + + I+ + + +I + + + + I I I + + + + + I 'A H i<9!hS«oi<.xi-it>.So'««saSxx9t^'«x«sxx •* ^ «»"»< ^ ^K5 in o !0 •«* » ® w ;o «o so 1-- 1- X X X -3 SSS^S^^^^K^gfeS'SSSSSS^S 8 ©O^H^^iHiHMNi^rHi-liH^.i-irifHN'if N^C^l 1 1 lllj x©Wi-(i-i©^Nos«se93f5--2 ^3>iR®«eoAxMSswN2i£:N©?5xxi-H •* © M OS © o5 55 X CO w x i-i I- 3 IN :c « lO ©_eo » »o'©"x'^x4fr©'«*^rJ'ic«rcr;s'irf jH©"i>r»t^»f{' ©^i-HCJ^i-HaxS»n'»>i-i>-^t^coi-Hi-mA^«l i-T ++++I++I++++I+I+++I++ -^.3 § >C0' iS! liili§i5isial«il5o§ 35 m ©^»H N 5j 1-. iC ^'^■^® '^I'^'^'T *,'l'* "^^^^ ""1, ^'■i<'»cr»o>rf">rf'»o«D'':cso"i-^i-^i-^i'^t-^t^t>^cr©'sf cTcT 3 9 H ^ )O»©iM94C0^iQ;Ob>XCi©i-H( Ixfeao&teteteSoSoScfexoBc >fcr5BS 189 3 f .. .'J. MSi- *. ■ * ■ . • '.1 I- ■»; * *, !40 ' ■ ■ ,V,l »'.. 'i * _ ■ ■ « i It '■■ I' :l>: Kl it' i ■»■•»■, ' - ■I •1 ri i i>5 «ll W' '■'' ,.:,:* iitf.:', A'M.- *ii«-:> 'M'r 140 Decreast* in average rate of interest. Present rates of interest payable on debt. CHAPTER III. 201. Tho average rate of. net interest actually paid on the net debt has decreased, it will be seen, from $4*5l per cent, in 1868 to $8-07 per cent, in 1889, being a decrease of $1*44 i,er cent. This decrease is the result of increased amounts received as interest on investments. The average actual rate paid lias decreased to the extent of $1*12 per cent., owing to tho redno- tion of high interest bearing debts. 202. The following shows the several rates of interest [taid and the amounts on which tho same are payable : — $ Payable in London — 6 ])er cent 6 •• 4 " 3i " 3 • " Total payable in London , Payable in Canada — 6 per cent 5 " 4 •« Total ijayable in Canada . Savings Banks, 4 per cent 42,9.')0,358 Province Accounts, 5 per cent 16,927,884 Trust Accounts — 6 per cent 8 1,125,113 5 •' 4,475,734 4 " 1,5,99,538 Total Trust Accounts — Coin])enBation to Seigniors, G ])er cent Dominion Notes Provincial i 1,14»,50« 2,433,333 140,856,59*) 24,333,333 19,466,667 8188,239,435 368,900 984,962 14,157,500 15,511,362 7,200,385 181,776 :}^^o-te.-t ••{ ''''S Miscellaneous (interest varying) Interest therefore is payable at the rate of 6 per cent, on , 5 4 " 3i 3 " 1,238,812 8287,722,062 2,826,295 24,821,913 199,569,992 24,333,333 19,466,667 Dominion notes. 203. The Dominion notes in circulation, which bear no interest, form a considerable item among the liabilities, and FINANCE. 141 haw increased from $3,113,700 in 1867 to $16,426,281 in 1889. Fixed The fixed charges, that is the charges for deht, sinking fund and subsidies to Provinces, amoutited in 1868 to 58 per cent. of the revenue, but in 1889 had been reduced to 42 per cent. 204. The following table gives the proportions per head of Proiw- Cistiiiiated population, of the gross and net debt, of the assets, debt, and of 'the interest on the same paid and received in each year i^teroH*" since Confederation :— ' i*''»^««'- Yeah kn'oed 30th Jink. \m 1S71 1«T2 1873 1874 1875 187f. 1877 1878 187!t 188f) 1881 1882 1883 1884 im 188G 1887 1888 1889 Gross Total Net Interest Interest t)ebt per Head. Assets i>er Head. Debt per Head. •"its" received per Head. S cts. 9 cts. 9 cts. * i-ts. 9 cts. 28 74 6 27 22 47 1 33 04 32 (»2 10 70 22 22 1 44 09 33 58 10 M 22 64 1 46 10 32 82 10 74 22 08 1 47 16 33 90 11 13 22 77 1 46 13 35 37 8 15 27 22 1 42 11 36 <)0 8 58 28 32 1 50 16 3{) 02 9 17 29 m 1 70 22 40 82 9 28 31 54 1 62 020 43 52 10 32 33 20 1 6«> 18 42 89 8 48 34 41 1 73 15 43 25> 8 80 34 49 1 73 14 46 17 10 00 36 17 1 84 20 45 19 10 23 .S5 76 1 75 17 46 35 11 67 34 68 1 75 21 44 75 9 67 35 08 1 70 22 ^2 «» 13 10 "?. 55 1 67 21 .56 37 11 54 41 83 2 01 42 5(5 98 10 43 45 89 2 11 47 56 03 9 41 46 62 1 98 020 57 22 10 05 47 17 1 98 19 56 68 9 89 46 79 1 5)9 025 Net Interest paid per Head. $ cts. 29 35 .SO 31 33 31 34 48 42 51 .58 59 64 .58 53 48 46 59 63 78 79 74 Note.— Estimated population will be found on page 116 ante. 205. There was a decrease ot 54 cents in the amount of increase gross debt paid per head and of 38 cents in that of net debt, CTease^in while there was an hicrease of one cent, in the '^ross interest, ''*™®* and a decrease of 5 cents in the net interest paid per head. While the amount per head of the net debt has increased over i N,^!,' (.* lit.'; i mm i:^y} S :"',"", l^ ■• i- I ■i iiir t\* - ' '- 'i i I ;l •i! \\ ■■'fl 'i W- ..■:1: VA:'^' 142 Public im- prove- nients the sole object of the debt. Particu- lars of Canadian loans sinco Confedera- tion. CHAPTER III. 100 per cent, since Confederation, the not interest paid j»er- head has only increased 85 per cent. 806. From the foregoing pages it will be clearly seen that, with the exception of the debts allowed to Provinces, whicli allowances were rendered more or less necessary by the o(»n. ditions of Confederation, and which debts, it must be renieni- bered, were themselves originally incurred for the purposes of public improvements, the whole of the public debt has been created by the construction of public works of great utility and national importance ; the principal portion having been spent on railways and canals, facility of transport being the essence of progress, not only in a new but in any country ; and these are the reasons that place the debts of Canada and othur British colonies, whose debts have been contracted for similar purposes, on so entirely a different footing to those of European countries and the United States, the debts of which have accu- mulated solely by aggressive and defensive wars. 207. The following table gives particulars of the several Canadian Loans 8inc6 Confederation, and it will be seen from it how the credit of the country has steadily improved : — PARTICULARS OF CANADIAN LOANS SINCE CONFEDERATION. Loan. 18G9, I.C.R. guaranteed . ' 1869, " unguaranteed. , 1873, " puaranteed. Ruperts Land " Loan of 1874 " 1875 guaranteed. 1 " 1875unguarant'dj " 1876 " 1878 1 •• 1878 J " 1879 " 1884 " 1885 Canada reduced Loan of 1888 Total Issue. 1,500,000 500,000 1,500,000 300,000 4,000,000 1,500,000 1,000,000 2,500,000 1,500,000 1,500,000 3,000,000 5,000,000 4,000,000 6,443,136 4,000,000 Rate Dura tion. 35 30 31 30 35 30 30 35 30 2L» H *25 Mini mum 90 91 96^ 4 •25 4 24i 3 50 95 91 99 92i Price Realized. 105, 12, m 104, 7, 8 90, 3, 3 99, 1, 8 91, 0, 96,11, 9 96, l,10i 91, 2, 2 101, 1, 8 95, 1, Net Amount Realized. £ 2,083,049 1,846,521 3,546,233 2,434,221 2,217,877 2,861,049 2,804,805 4,469,436 3,961,317 6,365,583 3,734,497 Actuiil rate of Interi'Ht Paid. 4 12 3 91 4'87 4 -It; 4-75 4-30 4-50 4 23 4-08 410 3 27 *0r 50 years calculated for 25 years only. 209. The t sions amoun ;■'«»■ i'-'\-u}jvn FINANCE. 148 208. The following are the amounts of Public Debts in the Puhiie United Kingdom and British possessions, with the proportion BritfHh" to population and multiple of revenue : — PUBLIC DEBTS IN BRITISH POSSESSIONS. Hiuns. COUNTHY. I'liittd Kingdom . Malta Et'ROPR. Asia. India Ceylon Straits Settlement Africa. Mauritius . Xatal Cap of Good Hope . . . Sierra Leone Canada Newfoundland . , Bennuda British (luiana. America. Wkht Indies. Bahamas Jamaica Windward IsIandB Leeward Islands Trinidad r . AUHTRALAHIA. New South V. ^les Victoria South Australia Western Australia Queensland Tasmania New Zealand Fiji., South Seah. Total. Year. 1889 1888 1888 1888 1888 1888 1888 1888 1888 1889 1888 1888 1888 1888 1888 1888 1888 1888 1888 1888 1888 1888 1888 1889 1888 1888 Pt'BLio Debt. Amount. 3,399,028,779 385,284 934,136,441 10,9r)!».276 116,800 3,668,273 22.070,tM7 108,502,936 282,267 237,530,041 3,381,920 41,921 3,398,154 404,547 7,694,671 995.793 266,551 2,689,709 214,620,724 168,519,925 93,185,473 6,205,973 126,759,290 21,369,144 179,967,683 1,232,678 Per Head. 9 cts. 89 39 2 87 4 46 384 022 , Multiple of Revenue. 7-89 1-33 6,546,405,200 9 90 46 85 76 94 3 76 46 79 17 14 2 70 12 20 8 42 12 54 2 92 2 20 14 19 197 67 154 48 292 75 147 28 324 67 146 22 296 30 9 82 I 1 20 97 I 2 44 206 004 0-88 4-58 0-51 092 6 12 2 43 0-29 1 51 1-82 229 0-69 62 115 4-98 4-55 7-68 3 57 813 6-86 900 3-89 5 35 209. The total public debts of Great Britain and her posses- Total pub- sions amount to $5,546,405,200, of which Great Britain owes Britrsh ° Empire. /■' '■ . ■'.■ ' .i * H: .! •4. ,i! \ iiii 11 !■ i: * - ' .f: . V-n^i 1: :^-';il #?^-\'i " V' 'K'' Ml !i 111- 1 .1" ij' ^.trwraw^ l:.--' 1!^ " 144 Kx|ifndi- ture cm jir»»cliictivt' puhlic workH ill AuMtra- lasian and other c'ulunieM. ■j;; ,. :,• I'-'- ■ " ProiK)r- ¥.<'■ ■',■ tion of IK'- ■••^■' ;>. public debtH tt) ['■'" ■"■•'■': ii" national ', ■ '.;■'' ;j wealth the .'[ l)roper tompari- ; turn . i' ':U \- |4,, 1 ' ■ ^-j ,!' w'. ■ ■• « Mf \ ■ t-1 H'Vt,,j '.iC ■'♦ ■f ''■.;, '•'i ■I f. • , .^' l::r.}'m ^' 'V/rf W ! ; ; - ■ ;i_ 1 it -.'■ ■ '! ". • ■■' ■^^ s' ; *■ ■ 1 ' ' '■ >, * <, :1 •': ■ ■ 1 'iv i'}' .'i;'!!, • --ii. l»i i < ''i- n\ Pi ; 1" |lllil;ir^ i- ii Hi i: 1 f. CHAPTER III. 61 per cent., India 17 per cent., the Austrftlasian Colonics 15 per cent., and Canada 4 per cent. The debt of Great Biitain was reduced hy $34,709,90i» during the year. AVith the ex- ception of the Au^frahisian Colonies, the amount per head in the United Kingdom was higher than in anv of her possesHions, and with the exception of Queensland and New Zealand the multiple of revenue was also the highest. A . the time of Con- federation five years and six months of the re venue would liavo bt'on required to pay off the net debt of Canada ; in 188!» it would have taken a little over six years. 210. The proportions of debt to population in the Austnil- asiiin Colonies and also in Cape Colony are very large, hut while, as in Canada, the whole amounts have been incurred in the construction of public works, by far the largest portion hnti been expended on railways, which in those colonies are almost altogether the property of the State, and there is consequently a very much larger revenue available for the payment of inter- est derived directly from the expenditure of loans, than there is in this country, where the money has been spent on works directly productive to the country, but only indirectly so to the State revenue. In proportion, moreover, to the wealth and general trade, more particularly of the Australasian Colonies, their populations are very scanty. 211. It is doubtful whether the calculations as to the amount of debt per head of population really possess as much value as is generally ascribed to them ; what may seem an enormous amount per capita for a country to carry may be relatively a far smaller burden than a much reduced amount in another country, and therefore, if possible, the debt of a country should be compared with its wealth and resources, which would aflbrd a far more accurate, in fact, the most accurate idea possible, of its actual financial position ; but unfortunately the wealth of a country can only be estimated approximately, and in no two cases can such an estimate be expected to agree, the absence of certainty therefore doing away with the value of such calcula- tions. If the value of the enormous resources of the principal colonies could be put into figures, the present debts, large as they appear to be, would seem justified by the assets set against them, and it must be remembered that the development of natural wealth in this or any other country is absolutely im- possible without an expenditure, more or less large, first being made, in order to provide the means of bringing that wealth FINANCE. 146 witliin reach of its proper inarketn. Mr. Mulhall cjilculatert that tlio jn»,892,ooo 374.»i7,(M)4 r)2,224,.5;n r),74r),3!t2,(KK> 212,'.KK>,r.()7 121,449.278 2,1)M),r.,74i,»Mr» 2,740,477,08i-| l,221,585,r)lH5 71,«19,307 r),9r>l,JM9 622,293,5.'»0 24,3.S3,aS3 301,2»J0,180 51«},249,211 284,8(;7,0«9 «13, 808,124 90,000,000 184,000,000 259,000,000 1,GH044,985 79,189,944 Per Head. If (. :h. 40 3.") (» 'M 24 77 150 32 4 54 «>1 .85 73 00 loo 53 15 38 121 3i*) .SO 13 31 0« 70 !>1 15 08 2 38 54> 30 (H\ 7 89 75 72 82 92 47 49 35 01 17 70 m 00 m (Hi 132 70 Multiple of Re veil te. 5 2■•. ¥'. t tf-' l 12,5C2 18,4m 27,179 5,794 3,203 6,018 4,769 3,054 135 1,350 Insirle servic", 1,4!»1) 5,41!) h),:m 1S,S!)4 3,777 2,044 i,i«'; 2,\m 2,!IS0 5,120 l,«f2 9,2(K) 1,247 l,5tH 1,2(hJ 145,134 73,800 Pensions. 222. Pcnsious, which arc of a different nature to superuii- nuation allowances, are also granted in accordance with various FINANCE. 149 Acts of Parliament to retired judges, and to a certain number of persons, or their widows and children, for military services. The total amount paid under this head in 1889 was $116,030, lieinii' $4,304 more than in the preceding yeai*. 223. The amount paid out for pensions in the United States ir. s. pen- in 1889 was no less than $87,624,779. BlUUH. ;l;^r;.';.:'t..-f ,f • ;!'*■■ ■']•■ M . .1- .;.♦'•■ 'j m if I; i| id if" i t H m m I i X': '^•^\-'.i 1 --w- ■<'\ i\ I: ;[.■ «'.-■■ ■■Ml i" : 'I if '^:-i:l; ■•.t i'i:' ..- i^;a«i 160 CHAPTER IV. TRADE AND COMMERCE. Weights 224. The legal weigLcs and measureH of Canada arc the measures. Imperial yard, Iniperi; I ponnd avoirdupois, Imperial gallon Mcjisures by weight deter- mined. Customs valuations and the Imperial biisbfl. 225. By Aetof 42nd Vie., (187f>) o. 16, it was provided : That in contracts for sale and delivery of any of the undermentioned articles the bushel should be determined by weigliing, unless a bushel by measure be specially agreed upon, the weight equivalent to a bushel being as follows : — Wheat no lbs. Indian corn 5(i " Rye 50 " Pease <>0 " Karley 48 " Malt 3() " Cats 34 " Beans (JO " Flaxseed 50 *' Hemp 44 " Blue grass seed 14 " Castor beans 40 lbs. Potatoes 00 " Turnips 00 " Carrots OJ " Parsnips 00 " Beets (50 " Onions 60 " Bittnninous coal 70 " Clover seed . . . . (JO " Timothy 48 " Buckwheat 48 " And by the same Act the British hundredweight of 112 pounds, and the ton of 2,240 pounds, wore abolished, and the hundreJ: T^ -1' 162 CHAPTER IV, IMPOHTS-1888 AND 1889. Class I.— Art anii Mechanic Productions. Order J. — Books, d-c. liocks, printed. Currls, playing. StatJ'.'LKTy, &c.. &c. Order II. — Mi<-fic,497 21,671 136,402 11,487! 4,468 159,468 7,250 130,85(5 225,092 70,119 13,704 14,254 2,161 575,161 27,322 22,187 121. 3»i:^ Fvue, 10!»..-.()(; 27.tH)2 6..^)21 Free. 5(18 lo.iV.r 7,021 31,!t04 2,872 1,34(» 47,7rKS Free. 45,H42 5(),010 18,033 Fre". 3,r)r)2 filO 90,592 5,r.43 II'!! TRADE AND COMMERCE. EXPORTS— 1888 AND 1880. i8e«. 1889. i DoiueHtic. Foreign. Total. DonieHtic. Foreign. Total. i 71,786 8 12,224 9 84,010 8 49,514 8 16,789 8 (>6,303 'I i 253,038 17,005 1,381 8,061 2,485 455 261,0!K»' 10,490 1,836 288,271 26,855 1,442 325 5,913 972 288,.5!H) 32,768 2,414 ^ 4 f «< '{ 153 'C- ': -t f.. >^ • i:i^w-'\|.. -'h t^ * ■ • , - .'r ' ! f '.■,■''•* I II- ,«, « i|ikl'.ti;1 ^';. *■•*»'.■ wit ■ I •;,!.' i.;l :|il J J tl- - ■ik^ 'il'il > 1 :f I, •jl 1 1 ' ! M ■! .^tlHIMlll! •I . t i ./%s ;'•<»- V-- ; '3 ,* f'*R 't-; 154 CHAPTER IV. 1MPORT8-1888 AND 188J)— Con<.nH«^ Ahtici.bs. Class I. — Continued, Order VJII. — Anns, Amiaunition, d'C. Cartridges . . Dynamite and other explosiveH. (iunpowder Rifles and other flreanns Shot 1888. Vahie of IniiMirtH, Order IX. — Machines, Tools and Impkments. Agricultural implements Cutlery Diamond drills for prospecting Fish hooks, nets ana lines for use of the fisheries Engines Hardware Machines and machinery Sewing machines T(x>ls and utensils 49,232 151,802 3(1,947 12(1,325 {'.,«>8«> Order X. — Carriaijen, Haraeng, li'C. Axles Carriages, waggons, sleighs, &c. . . Harness and smldlery, whips, &c. Parts of carriages Railway passenger cars Order XI. — Ships, B'wts, tfcc. Anchors Ships sold to other countries Shi|>H and other vessels built in any foreign country, except machinery Ships and vessels, repairs on Wire rigging Order XII. — Buifdinif Materials. («'ce also Order 26.) Bricks and tiles Brick, fire Cement Lime Slate, mantel and roofing 155, 416, 6, 425, 84, 1)45, 1,4J»9, 118, 508, (W7 4«>7 378 484 821 785 029 024 428 27,371 97,275i 144, WK) 54,874 70,698 11,368 Duty. 14,753 3,450 13,001 25,336 1,502 61,249 105,925 Free, 24,(549 311,495 433,875 41,522 141,550 14,655 34,492 43,5(57 17,742 21,209 Free. 19,3(»() 14,568 16,873 145,061 69,270 191,955 7,537 20,2J)2 1,940 3,(J(K) Free. 43,599 Free, 53,370 1,607 4,687 1889. Value t)f Im|K)rt8. Duty. 48,634| 16,34(5 41,751 i 128,452 2,896 181,586 398,097 11,(565 448,720 218,(5(58 823,056 1,508,5(50 117,076 461,2.54 21,049 126,000 152,821 .57,202 220.069 14,680 15,872 9,327 15,849 130,871 81,592! 206,791 9,363 39,166 12,2K-i '2r),lW2 m 3 101,752 Free. 272,2tW 42!t,7.Sl 3i»,43l 13t5,(M 9,8X9 43,321 4r).»W3 18,531 (56,018 Fret'. 1,5S7 2,341 Free. 38,5tl!l Free, 54,1'J8 1,873 8,730 TRADE AND COMMERCE. EXPORTS— 1888 AND l»»ii—Continiml. 1888. 1889. 1 >oiiunitie. 1 l<'omgn. i Tctftl. Domestic. Foreififii. Total. $ 8 9 8 $ a 1 S' ' 1 1 156,219 18 i 156,237 .321,341 60 821,391 '.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'. .'.:'.::...'..'. . », 1 1 1 !l- ! i 1 110,451 ; 50,002 27,033 1,168 137,484 61,170 ! i 1 108,881 56,5«53 43,4<» 2,522 152,344 59,085 1 1 lO. 17,«90 3,581 3,450 1,025 21,140 j 4,606 27,252 4,437 7,472 531 34,724 4,iKi8 /■ I ""28ivJtt9 ! 28«VMJ9 266,817 36,770 303,587 11- I (' i 1 * • * 1 ]?.\ 1 *lbi,647 i 525 295 268 101,842 793 131,0«56 i 398 100 *131,1entine, siririts of All other drugs and chemicals. ... All other kinds Cl.\ss II— Tkxtile Fabhics and DkE88. Order XV. — Ww}l ami Worsted Manu- fuctures. Blankets Cari^ets Flannels Woollen cloths, tweeds, clothing, &c. . . " other manufactures of " rags Yarn " s]>un from hair of the al|)aca or an- gora goat "' mmie of wool or worsted 23,460 12,467 3,384 35,414 41,463 2«),f»7» S»2,52H, 1X),411 25,318 22,31*2 6U,943 3{>2 145,162 f)i,r»oo 39,518 39,410 81,723 59,548 207,186 5(>4,6(>4 20,773 23,i>78 2a3,560 179,589 716,099 318,908: «;4,875 1,()31,9<)() 209,859 5,21(5,317 3,23(5,344 5>2,152 148,a% 8,102 9,936 3,116 Free. 12,473 7,732 Free. 4k 19,554 Free. 39 Free. 10,282 8,677| Fre«*.l 18,188 Free. I 69,2521 72,084 Frt!e.i 17,942 ir)0,(>59 Free, 2(5,065 2(52,405 60,883 1,607,130 815,758 Free. 43,721 Free. 26,804 io,!m 2,800 2,(50(5 42,889 23,397 91,(5531 90,813 34.00(5 17,4(51 76,a')7 164 157,7941 43,104; 53,558 47,51(5 81,244 71,942 208,360: 561,865; 1(5,736; 22,424 260,248; 1H713 715,{M5l' 350,211 H«,s.l74 ri7,(n»2 U,o.>i 2,7;m !H|,S im Free, \\\\% Five. l''l'ee. lii.2ti2 Free. IS.ll,^ Fret (W.347 (!<>.S24 Flee. 1!»,47S ir)4,(;:iH Fr«T, 48,894 2i,7rit; 1,12J»,484 2i 13,023 244,305 73.27(; 5,185,094 \SM.m 3,711,815 \m.m 85,387 F'ree. 12J>,523 38,4!I2 9,464 F'ree. 1,680 Free. ■; Domesti u 14,(i.-H 2.7;m Frit-. 7.M13 Fl-H-. Fifi'. li>.2(i2 Fl'H'. iH.iir. Fret , (>«,»4: (Ki,S24 Fi'ff. llt,47,s IHli'.is Frer. 21.7rifl 2(t3,023 73.27(1 i,m\,m !I.">S,(ks2 F'rec. 38,4il2 Free. Fifc TRAliB AND COMMERCK. EXPORTS-1888 AND , .t-CmitimwL 1888. 1 1889. 1 |)<)uu>Htic. 187,398 Foreign. Total. i DomeHtif. Fort'ign. Total. 13{ 9 3,1(M 1 190,502 U)2,960 8 5,699 8 198,649 ( 1 1 ■ ; ] 1 i ^ h: ir)8,403 158,403 159,039 159,039 1 I i 1 . . . ; ! 1 t 15- 50,340 44,895 27,554 2,7yt} 11,210 423 63,130 50,105 27,977 56,737 42,079 28,444 9,102 19,783 118 (M,839 01,802 28,502 ' • • 157 * I . . •••;': ij'' It;; ''I ■i. >. / . 4 -,■•■4' ,4 ."•, '. ■•> ' ■y- ■'■■ - fj ii ► : .ir v.,.! •1 " ■ •>, ' » ■■■ I6d CHAPTER IV. IMl'OKTH— 1H«H AND imi—CtnUinued. AHTIt'l,K«. Clamm II. — Cuntimml. Oiifir XVI.- Sifk, Minnifticti(rc» »/. IHWH. Value of Iin|KirtH. KiWM)iiw 8i1kH uiul HutiiiH, (Iri'HH *' HfwiiiK " otluT nuuuiftictureM of . " piirtly inamifuctuved . . VflVftM Order XVIJ.—CottMi uml Flax, Manu- /'icturm of. Cuttun clothiiiK " piece if»x)dH , " thread.. •' velvets and velveteenn " wincej'H '* rags, Ac, for pai)er iiiauufacture. *' waste " all other iiiaaufactures of Linen clothir.g . . . . " pi'Ce goods " thread. " all other nianufacture.s of. (hder XVIII.— Dress. Boots and shoes Boot, shoe and stay laces Braces or susiienders Collars, cuffs, &c Feathers, ornamental Flowers, artificial Furs, manufactures of Gloves and mitts Hats, cai>s and bonnets Lace, fringes, braids, &c . . . . . Millinery and embroideries. . . . Umbrellas and sunshades, silk . cotton. Order XIX. — Manufactures of Fibrous Materials. Canvas of flax and hemp Cordage , Felt, roofing and other 445,045 (14'.i,fiI7j K2,349 1,231, 1«» 17«,431» 174,407 1,1»70,372 500,142 135,3<«» 34,21S 154,020 112,421 l,303,2«i5 7»,723 5,074 24(i,135 145,51>4! 717,310 214,053 33,747 77,114 33,804 152,150 83,881 123,573 6((3,3G4 1,284,1)05 637,804 325,852 191,998 98,689 12,154 8,827 75,756 12,180 Duty. 133,510 1!>2,820 120,384 2,070,205 530, iin; 75,121 29,205 146,244 222,942 1,321,410 n{\,\m\ 8,407 311,019 177,919 734,.378 250,288 35,092 49,542 40,32(i 149,210 97,963 102,679 637,191 1,274,380 629,359 317,010 208,386 94,960 11,384 14,360 70,887 11,604 11 1!'. 51 1,-, 17ii,4:<(; 17,. Sim !7 Klcc, 7;j,tW2 ;V),,")74 lia,;"!! lo.-'iis 17.27i; 21,ti7s 44.712 24,4!IS 2r),Hl!) iKl.d:'-.' 31t;,10!l 187,701 85,713 «2,ti<).s 28,4ft.1 am Free. 14,4'JO 2,5% TKADR AND COMMERCE. KXPORT8-1H88 AND imi—Continue>f. 159 1888. 1881». i 1 >(iiii«-Htio. Fur«'iKii. Totftl. iKniit^Htic. \ 1 Fi>rfiKi». 1 Total. • 8 «t (t 8 9 1 Ki- ^ 1 ! 17-; 3(),121 75, 173 0,812 1»,147 3'.»,1I33 i 84,321) 54,^7 148,733 11,(W2 (i,{N)4 («>,22!t liV),(i37 / (M>,038 1,153 (>7,1»1 1US>,400 1,117 110,617 W- 4\i\,m\ 33,(K)!) 525,5<.H) 3i>,S>24 1 2,370 42,294 233 1,224 1,457 770 C,{»15 7,685 . { i - 45,552 3,7m 49,308 33.413 830 34,249 '• ,ii- • ' < '.rj • 'jl^ • If. •i^ •I |j:S;' ■, > '■*, ■ ^ ■ • ■I If •■ pi 100 l-^i; 4 ■ ■■■ II ■ "•■•-,. CHAPTER IV. IMPORTS— 1888 AND 1889— ContmMc'. Articles. Class II.— ConcliuUd. Onkr JT/X— Concluded. Felt, sheathing for vessels . Jute and manufactures of . Mats and matting Oil cloth Palm leaf, grass, &c 8ailb, tents and awnings. . . Twine All other manufactures or . Class III.— Fooii, Dkinks, &t'. Onlcr XX. — Animal Fowl. Bacon and hams Beef Butter Cheese Co(«j,oo2 •78,754i 73,498i 17(5,958! 114,808! 205,1721 2,312 455,109! 8,781 3,427 3,730 312,403 Arrowrixit and tapioca Bread and biscuit Citrons, lemons and oranges for candying Confectionery (sugar) Flour, wheat and rye Fruits, dried " green 704,750 13,307 91,122 10,058 (537 35,518 2J>,«»02 208 103,539 254,877 200,429 780,290 tl58,425 Duty. Free. 50,487 14,012 81,971 203 1,570 18,057 1,402 Free, 42,95-t 23,444 5,941 2,038 Free. 20,888 24,039 Free. 553 125,439 939 Free. 482 34,73!) 100,(X)5 2,074 18,142 3,84]8 Free. 7,283 5,950 Free. 4.5,159 31,338 53,261 115,818 Free. 1889. Value of Imports. 2,102 242,503 00,052 194,855 2,181 5,570 58,12(> 8,009 300,100 33r>,080 200,043 144,249 (531,593 *93,782 92,7(52 188,597 104,482 318,059 4.941 (542,705 5,080 04 13,556 285,561 3 1,030,078 12,070 94,079 18,049 758 41,811 27,308 1,070 121,017 1,098,351 180,066 (527,a53 015,329 Duty. I'ret, 53,787 15,145 78,11)1 431) VM 14,547 ,l,i»78 Frw. 73,17!) 3S,(ltU 1!",7(;4 2,4ti7 Free. ltl,lo!l 28,(N)2 Frtf, 1,32!) 1(55,777 l.im Free. 1,74!) 31.t»7 i' rH»>. 152,!I4!) 2,525 2(»,2t)l 4,(;!H) Frt*. 7,H37 Fref, 52,714 12!),;)5i) 44,830 8!t,0!)7 Fref. Specially e.xempted from Newfoundland. J Sails only. t From 4th April. TRADE AND COMMERCE. EXPORTS— 1888 AND ISHd— Continued. 1888. i 1880, c "w k ^ V 1 Domestic. Foreign. 1 Total. Domestic. Foreign. Total. 8 8 8 8 8 8 V)' *2t)0 3.38 037 3,002 401 *4,183 1 1 ()(;o,oi5 24,005 708,073 8,028,242 3,132,812 2,122,283 2,10(},8(>0 043,047 27,434 10,2(55 25,81(5 (554,(505 .52,883 (587,440 31,3(» 824,485) 0,.582,847 3,185,(505 2,122,283 2,122,041 043,050 ;Wl,2t)3 27,070 .331,058 8,01.5,(584 3,104,(503 2,1.50,510 l,a51,.503 760,834 3,450 8,540 60,(507 (501,.5(5(5 100,(527 " " i3i42lV ' 40 aS4,7.j2 3(5,510 3!t2,(555 i),.517,a50 3,205,320 2,1.50,510 1,8(54,!)32 7(50,883 15,172 3 354 7,0(50 1,320,.547 27,8i(}' 1,(528 10,.577 354 27,877 1,338,4.35 "'27i8i('5'" 1,(533 4(5,885 (52 8,341 1,20(5,508 1,302 " 18^^.56 ' .54,2.57 20,(570 (54,005 14(5 3,534 3,22!) 208 20-! 2i),808 8,888 11,875 1,200,827 8 570 ! 5 " 27^308 ■ 5 17,515 1,307 35,7(55 1 54 2.57 12(5,031 181,237 1,703 128,(534 181,237 1,2.50 1,020 30,92!) (55 025 • 10,2««> *10,2(5(» 10,804 *10,804 1,580,010 10,5(y 857,9!;5 23,603 11,134 20,.350 :i,tK)3,712 21,(508 878,345 ♦54(5,0(58 .3,051 1,(504,203 123,410 2,433 :;:7(5!),478 6,384 1,(504,203 11 Biscuit only. Wheat flour only. !l Game included. 161 i- . ■ ; .< iH":'* « ■ V rt^ ■'X. f . '.'] I i. .i; ! ! m I ■hit' I l1i ,,! ill: H f nl. , :E :.\ i w- >.''/: 162 Itt-'r:-* :i^ ■% 3' . '■ .i 1 ,*.'*'^ -il liii CHAPTER IV. IMPORTS- 1888 AND lSS9—C^itinned. Akticles. Class III. — Cwitinued. Ordir A'l:/.— Concluded. Fruits, currants " raisins " all other Grain, barley " ))ean8 ' " Indian com oats " {leas " rice " wheat " all other Jellies and jams IVIacaroni and vermicelli Malt Molasses (sugar) .... Meal, oatmeal " cornnieal " and flour, all kinds Mill feed, bran, &c Nuts, almonds " cocoa Nuts, filljerts and walnuts " all other Potatoes Sugar of all kinds Tomatoes " and other vegetables in cans. . Vegetables, fresli preset ved . Order XXII. — I)rink» and StimuhmtH. Aerated and mineral waters Ale, beer and iK)rter " ginger Cider. Coffee and chicory " green. . . Cocoa and chocolate . , Hops Mineral water (natural) Mustard Perfumery (not alcoholic) ... Pickles and sauce* Sjniccs, all kinds . 1888. Value of Imports. 210,050 323,185 27,(>(i() 3,210 32,201 1,1(27,722 15,!)75 10,57() (is, 581 4,()(W,582 248,208 25,087 5,370 27,825 881,,(!12 2(!,!»80 ()0,511 24,512 5(;,«20 8(;,875 20,823 '),784,43(i 17,518 33,755 lfK),2f>3 21,553 J»,427 35,2<>8 188,457 5,01() 3,1)38 137,«»7«i 383,508 72,832 !«i,765 1,527 63,721 40,131 11»,7»1| 223,01 «| Duty. 49,005 115,808 12,201 1,029 2,050 173,385 2,042 7W} 34,m7 1,800 43,tW5 1.5,179 1,574 .5,299 139, 15«) l,2i>0 53,837 3,('>04 .5,400 22,028 7,303 30,799 43,275 5,444 3,433,417 4,0(a 9,443 2«J,525 Free. 2,30; 7,304 4«i,8()<» 808 703 22,375 Free. 23,487 34,!K)3 Free. 15,715 12,071 49,482 31,334 1889. Value of ImiKjrts. 230,727 378,233 23,002 3,2(a 21,834 3,478,il(i9 125,320 9,108 73,()(i2 1,007,178 283,278 31,209 9,(i09 3,039 93,798 449,878 73,430 207,572 1,4(50 (»1,501 38,837 108,3(J4 223, .525 Duty. l-'2,21i!i 11.21.5 l,it2s l.KSl 217. ur, (1,323 N2(; t:Vis3 2,27:i 47.l!il 17..-.2; 2,.V.Hi •1.432 173,."iri() 1,321 •11,2(2 "),(i3!i 7,(iii,s 21.1!Ni s,(i;c. 3>^ •),(i4li is. 1(13 24,r.li2 Frt'^. 2,(il)2 5,777 4!t,(;73 l,fHI,-( 2U4'.i Frt-c. 22.0211 41, 124.705 211 185,010 : l,r)02,245 i' l,88fi,476" 12,(M!0 (),404,41() 125,250 705,!M>3 185,010 1,532,245 2,484 (),41<>,054 12,(i«0 (i, 404,502 1 1 4(i4 7!>5,752 40(),!»25 2,101,110 154,110 1,440,417 278 1 2,484 4,.530,484 278 1,273,83(5 1 471,121 40,083 1,744,057 40,083 154,145 154,145 27,5(K> 54,!)51 2,247 40,110 t40,().")5 105,870 5 187,870 507 78,088 00,302 10.5,870 27,50(> 1,42(> 042 30t; 42,078 50,001 2,4(t8 42,083 53,525 1,305 48,714 40,()55 237,037 2,015 78,088 2,778 t72,O80 1 l,(»5O,405 i 10,458 1,050,405 20,1(>4 287,703 27,5()7 287,703 76() 415 27,082 1 10,081 58,085 til 107 11,042 j 08,751 3 08,754 50,182 I 501 1,235 1,820 1,048 320 2,2(58 1 104 7,052 *8,05! .^;:i P "■ I ■ •• % * • ii ^1 . . ' i" ii:. m urn !;jM^|.'' Is? 'I ;•: 'Ii If. .. ..^ 164 f r' 1 4.::' .1,.' CHAPTER IV. IMPORTS— 1888 AND im{)—C,()1'J 43,187 5,043 2il,0);4 88,271 1,3 1)4,473 11«,1>14 15,8(>8 3!>,755 37,HJ4 1,619,822 2,52i) 801 1,483 1,08.5,301 2.5,110 3,378 12,732 18,745 1()5,810 Duty. Ht)8,525 78.5.041 152,01(i 2.31,820 41,2.54 5,010 22,iMil 2,!H)() 2,801 8,530 Free it 53,4.50 170,7<>3 05,058 Free. 8,018 18,071 3,30«» 95,33*! Free. 28,!H'>4 Free. 2,952 9,094 Free. 104 Free 211,999 (5,344 Free. 3,838 Free. 1889. Value Imp98 19.5,299 ;U,813 9,79(1 53,727 17,042 21,372 52,5(15 1,597,729 1.33(1,953 0(1,452 211,192 2.922 1,340,344 8,897 411,514 121,910 1,399 (52,297 23,(»!»1 (59,293 17,010 054,953 51(5,525 89,788 173,405 14,837 31,527 32/J41 1.587,9,53 5,174 .508 (5,234 91 ,,452 1!!,021 3,157 4,505 22,49(5 1(53,238 Duty. 17(,L'4; 27(M.V.i t3,L'.-^l L'7,L'o;< .■i,l)."iS FlVH. :!.(ii)!i Fiv... r),(iii>; 272.H1I1 74.IW) Fivf. (i,3i;j 2(l.77ii 4,1114 95.1L'3 3l.7;i:) Free. .S,(Jtil J,3S7 Free, ^ 11)2 Free. 174,074 4,7.")1) Free. 4,4!lll Fi'ee. :v.i-.>,s2ii SlS.IKIl 27(l,l.V.i 13,201 L'7.2i« :>.(r)S Fi-... :>:{,s;38 .S.H34 22 3,l).56 552,383 5,142 *5.57.525 402,371 5,250 *467,621 38«,()!>7 2,645 :^!t,342 703,538 3,.540 707,078 20,776 20,776 16,135 16,135 ^Includes horns and hoofs. tBones only. 165 Itill .1 f .. • .' • v.. . l:*:l!|: I 'i ■ ' - 4. '. ' *•!■ •i,^ liiii T' .''\ If ill •.i n 1; li ii 166 ;i". h.:' ■»il CU AFTER IV. IMPORTS— 1888 AND 1889— Con^inHCf/. Articled. Class IV. — Continual. Order ,¥,¥///.— Concluded. Soap, coninion " fancy .SjK'ngeM Tallow and stearine (paraftine) Wax and niannfacturew ot Wialelxine, tortoise shell sind skins of fish Wool " unmanufactured ... All other ■)rder XXIV. — VciftUihlc Subnt((nc<:s. Ashes Barks BanilKK), canes and rattan. Br1 81,2!t7 38,.-).57 24,722 14,804 3,«11>7 30,823 7,4.57 .5,005 2.)'h:{ 10,543 184 1,.S22,783 74,305 i'ree. 15 Free. • 4,778 3;^,841 20,145 Free. (( 188!). Value of ImjHJrts. 125,000 8,234 20,.524 71,301 22,008 3,110,522 3,204 2.054 Free. 14,184 Free. 72,538 18,104 133,.571 3a5,400 700,74C.,422 12,302 1,044,025 21, (^58 57,811 34,01(J 547,." i4 34, :.;8 2.3,402 1,100 1S2,.")80 35,710 312,030 30,(;47 20,47<' (i4,07;t 3,051 Free, 80,440 221,83(i Free. 2,472 Free. 1.5,605 08,738 28,81(t 41,.543 12,.307 0,072 007 \\ 1,()0.5,3;.5 55,5^; I 4JW0 7,<)33 10,730 04,.5<)0 0,734 28,;^38 52,l(i5 43,014 3,013,074 20,073 404 83,104 8,078 77,342 3,()04 Free. 00,020 18,.55(i 145,8.33 208,084 843,002 702,107 0,025 1,214,088 32,142 tJ0,717 3,853 Duty, 4,S7,S (1,081 S,.'^l(l •-•,4fM F. '•■e. Fri'H. Fvff, FiVf. lo.Tss Imv... Fiv... 7S.41(i 24.s.it;r Five, i.:Ki Fi'i'f. Ill 85.»i:> !t.,"i4."> olmihi 3.is;t Frw. TRADE AND COMMERCE. EXPORTS— 1888 AND 18»fi— Continual. ■H{ 1888. • 1889. DoiHt'Htic. Foreign. 8 1,421 1 Totp'i. Domestic. Foreign. Total. 8 17,157 8 18,578 8 4,547 8 42 8 4,589 (547 i(J47 5,042 15,042 238,039 223,2(5(i ijo',733" ' 159,02(5 24»5,5«i8 500 1,424 3,551" t238,539 224,090 ' "54,284" ,- -v • 159,02(5 246,508 231,848 217,(500. '" 52,980 ' 131,(548 154,(599 3^05" t231,848 221,095 " " 5!>,074" " [ . . 131,(548 154,(599 1 1 ;«8,002 ,S(»,207 :«8,002 80,207 34(m')36 121,807 340,030 121,807 2,024 J,8(« 4,887 1,(590 1,042 2,732 !K)3,32t) 903,325) 934,082 1,111 934,082 23,290 24,407 34,43(5 2,807 ■ 1,293^200 *37,243 17, '459' 297' 25,057 i(},948i358' 1,530 ' 1,182,997" ' *27,187 18,131,355 75,374 5,194 80,5(58 (53,102 (53,102 tFurs or «kins, &o., the prtxUiCH of fish or marineaniinals. iTallow only. 167 >' •i ' ,,; ' . * 1' i ; • :■:.':! •I, I , "^ ''J ''t-- ::. !-/-r^-' t:,-'j.« 1-\l:^ '•4. fe ^;, m ,-)i m :i I'; !, ^J*! 1 ■,:'■'<"-■ :«w ' ;i If' ill m III'! 168 *r ■ '■; .^ k n 'f. * • ' 1 ■■ •■ « f .; 'IWP'™'^- i" !''^'l.-.-f f1:;' CHAPTER IV. IMPORTS— 1888 AND imV— Continual. AnriCLEs. Class W.—ConclwM. r>/v/f/- A'.Y/»'.— Concluded. Seeds of all kindw . Starch, com Mtarch, &c Straw, mamifactureH of Timber, lumber and shingles. '* unmanufactured Varnish Veneers of wood and ivory . . . . . Wicker and basket ware Woodenware Wood, manufactures of Willow for basl"t makers All ether vegetable substances. -Oils. Oil: Order XXV. animal coal, kerosene, petroleum, &c., and j)roducts of ... cocoa nut and i)alm fi.sh <« ♦ luV)ricating vegetable . . all other.. . Clash V.— Mixkkals and Mktals. Order XXVI.— C(»il, Stone, Chii, Earthen- ware and U'hiss. (.Sw also Order 12.) Asbestos, manufactures of Bent glass Chalk Coal, anthracite " bituminous " all other Coke and diist Clays China and jRUx-elain Earthenware. 'Glass Ijottles, &c " [>late , " window Glass, all other, and manufactures of. . Grii\ els and .sand Gyjwum, crude 1888. Value ot Im]H)rtH. 35M),471 *70,042 3J»,'ii;2 4,''K>4 222,('^t5 284 777 !<00 12,!>34 23,787 42,1,2;V.l 1,.^44 31,822 1(5, 18< 44(),13iJ 8(),!)51 10, IW 34,!K)8 138,148 471,587 27,(i21 8,458 2,438 5,452 5,2*>0,412 3,(W4,110 47« 135,!>6fi 53,2<«> 207,434 532,()18 3()«,827 1!K),504 »7,2i»4 31,705 2,11)3 Duty. 54,050 10,20(5 176,300 Free. 3,123 351,7!«» Free, 2,014 Free. 48,205 130,(J29 5,4111 2,108 > ree. 1,000 Fre. 738,743 81 10,504 Free. 00,485 173,5.5J> 121,151 45,102 103.132 22, -J 50 Free. 1880. Value of InqiortH. 112,717 580,285 5(5,1(50 4,(507 423,05(5 3(50,337 83,034 (501 28,024 15,330 J7,108 778, 177 108 23,585 13,801 522,K58 88,212 0,708 57,028 152,007 4H5.03(5 31,28(5 11,718 2,355 5,256 5,10!»,481 3,388,816 150 138,136 5:^,170 i(5(;,or)6 517,874 3(54,513 2n),848 317,(572 100,178 33,!KJ7 2,472 Si^ecially exempted from Newfoundland. t From 4th April. Duty. •2.4m; FlVr. l,(),".(i 74!l,124 !t 24.1!l,s Frei'. 5i.(i:.M,S 47,!i:'l !»r.,7r,4 2(),127 Free. I'Misii H Free. ^1 1(52,087 I'^^.'.is:) ■ 15.(5(54 l't)..v.H; ■ 14,48] ;<,2;i5,oiH (574,07r ■ ^1 H lOlt*' (5!I7,(521 ^M .V)0,014 ^1 1,055 3r>4.17!i H Flee. ^M (5(5,83- l.'t.Sli ■ -i^J 41,241 ■ 4S,r'V> ■ 115,44.) ■ i>.VXi ■ 1,01- 20: TRADE AND COMMERCE. EXPORTS— 1888 AND imi—Continiu74,075 Foreign. Total. DoiiieMtif. ForeiK"- Total. 8 4,801 (5",i7(V ' ■■■2(i2!351 15,48(5 8 1(57,788 2l!84(V ' tl4,481 3.407,441 (580,.')<51 8 17.5,880 1 2!t.234 10,052 4,018..537 808,474 1.55 io2" i2i8,072" ■ 170,044 tlO,0.52 4.237,.'>00 808,474 1 ! 1 l().!t38 ()!l7,«2a l,311t 34,2(53 12,257 731,883 5>,7ll 803,3;n 2,(K)K 4(5,205 ll,71!t 030,(52(5 r .V.0,!>14 1,052 (5(5,834 5,288 31 251 ;i5(i,2(»2 1,083 (57,085 320.(5.52 1(5!» 18,(5.S1 (5,(522 140 2,3(57 33(5,274 fOO 21,048 •.'5- 41,241 471 41,712 55,3(50 170 5.5,.530 I 1,014 228,355 2,571 3,.585 t228,:i55 450 323,88ft 1,801 2,251 t323,88(S 1,7.30,4(5(5 1117,342 1,027.808 2,232,154 IIM.,774 2,428,028 1 %', i,a>2 33,230 133,238 3,305 4,f)57 .33,23(5 133,238 4,714 42,0(57 i I8i»,401 1,771 0,485 42,(M57 . . 180,401 t AnljestoH, crude. 169 - »■ . f i ,'i' .'t. WL x^ •1i! Illfi^^^ •liiifiii It |i? -r,,.«'..- :V' ■i^ ( 7-w " '. t;t.-' 1 -v • } n. % • ■'R'tlf J-i' I m\ :■ ?i . ■• . J! ii---: ^. if:.' ■ * •t 1 ' >.-:'. ■■* i : .* ' *. Vi-r- '1 1 .' ..'■! 15 :'". 170 CHAPTER IV. IMl'URTH— 1«H8 AND \m)—Ct5 403 485,400 3,205 4,(5yi 1,70!> 1!>, 15, 432, 145, 3(51, t'j, 2' 3, i»l, 2 153 78(5 32 1,432 14,821 K,(>44 (5,513 188!). Yfilue of Im|Kirts. 4!)1 4,583 !»4,704 23,(54(5 41,(540 1,520 (),03!< 15,042 Free. 1,441 12,188 8,727 !),4!)8 Free, Free. 46,538 16,260 81 !>7,107 Free. 4(5!) 171 Free, 4,752 121,481 22,713 18.5,418 28,117 82,(55(5 33,331 105,275 3(5,931 133,!)!)2 (51,610 8,885 25,5!)2 3!»,502 253.009 2,172 100,.314 40,!t88 (!l,!Mt5 22,73i) 70,402 .575,251 35,528 206,279 155,673 74,.583 l!)4 477,081 !)56 4,3f)3 1,239 34,83!) 12,(52(5 437,9481 157,928 404,052 87,433! 214,443 126,769 643,483 881,525 118,711 449,438 a51,810 Duty. + Including Canada plateH. tis l,,; till i.y)<>i Free, l.ltIO Fret'. 47,121 is.mti 3!l !I5,42.-) Fr.'.'. m\ 124 Frtr. 3.752 122.01.^ 21,(m2 20S.83; 40,412 (55, It;" 42,831 Hl,31(i 288. iry.) 41,!K)2 14!».2(;0 88,8,52 DoineMtic (54,88( a8,88( 1,02." ;^!t7,4!»5 13,23( 10,04^ 1,012 lM,;vi(i s,2tKi !t,(i2,S iKV! 5,, (111 i.y")t;;{ Kifc. 1.1(H1 7,."vt;:) 12,2iW TRADE AND COMMERCE. EXPORTS— IHHH AND I88i)— Cwiri»ii«»/. 1 1 1888. IftW). if 1 1 $ Foreign. • Total. DonwHtic. Fori'igii. Total. 9 9 a a a 1,02.. ;3 13,255 23,1 .364,5s *(»40 •iS' ' *44,532 1 3,076 *23,714 802 364,.583 26 640 10,044 28,334 204,298 •27. V^ 1,978,25<> 231,431 1,!)7S,256 1 1 1 H10,a52 +810,.^52 623,479 +623,479 :'<■; 1 1 2!«),420 J299,420 ■■ 1»>8,2(»5 :tl68,2(w / 146,485 2,195 |:148,«W0 202,784 1202,784 20,732 2,491 23,223 9,724 1,749 11,473 632 (532 11 140 151 t *1 ncludinfl' stone . t (4old-b earintr tniartz , dust, nugget ,8, &C. 1 Silver ore. § Grindhtonea only. i| Copijcr ore and tine copjier. 171 .] ■ ■ J- f • ■ I'* 7,414 65,827 629,060 20,5>96 189,998 68,921 53,504 219,152 14,612 5S-' 96,504 1,838 98,342 31,362 3,090 35,052 3,746 66 3,812 3,191 25 3,216 1 40,215 5,708,12(5 2,170,722 1,2(53,125 (5,175 114,489 28,348 6,400 56,170 13,793 68,5(53 5,012,713 2,458,231 1,276,046 5,277 127,043 75 105,176 7,491 1,025' ' 5,012,788 2,5(»,407 1,283,537 5,277 128,0(58 5,714,526 2,22<5,892 1,27(5,918 <>,175 •It^ 212 114,701 ; *l^ ■:---.;^:;-i:' '!•* r m I : I r i lit". "■;■■'"-■ ■ };■ .■ ™ f^'f:" '';;l. 174 CHAPTER IV. IMPORTS -1888 AND 1SS9— Concluded. AKT1CLK8. Class VII.— Misckllaneous Matters. Order XXXI. — MiaceUaneous Articles. Articles for the use of the Governor Gen eral Articles for the use of foreign Consuls General Articles for the use of the Dominion Government Articles for the iise of the Army, Navy and Canadian Militia Billiard and bagatelle tables Brooms and brush ware Buttons Clothing for charitable purjKJses. Fancy goods Ice Models of invention Pencils, lead, in wood or otherwise . . Settlers' effects All other miscellaneous Order XXXII.— Indefinite Articles. 1888. Value of ImiKirts. Curiosities . . . . Goods, manufactured, undescrilied . Personal effects Unenumerated articles Order XXXIII. — Special Exemptions. Articles for construction of C.P.R Articles for construction of Esquimalt and Nanaimo Railway Animals from Newfoundland Total Exix)rt duty. 16,746 3,244 577,9JK) 62,822 2,178 103,060 314,048 11,288 747,787 41 10,1 il 61,722 1,66!>,327 92,688 32,647 2,391 60,898 4,735 «501,787 (>0,464 283,223 1,555 50 Duty, 9 Free. 110,894,630 747 26,079 79,505 Free, 221,995 Free. << 15,341 Free. 10,213 Free. 14,123 Free, 117,205 Free, 1889. Value of Imiwrts. Free. 22,187,869 21,772 $ 16,758 22,070 662,389 122,088 i,a55 92,969 289,700 7,393 852,390 556 9,967 57,001 1,797,112 107,627 147,131 3,047 3" '» 8: VH,ifH2 iHitv. 30 115,224,931 Free. m 23,a51 74.(i22 Free. 2or),usii Free. Ii2!l7 Free. Free. 17,28!) Free. 164,0(;.') Free. Free. 23,742,31(1 42,2(»; ,t y mm TRADE AND COMMERCE. EXPORTS-1888 AND 1889.— Conc/MuV/. 1888. 1889. i Ddinfstic. Foreign. Total. Domestic. Foreign. " Total. 8 « 8 $ 3 1? 31-; 1 7(13,209 (15,864 829,013 783.593 48,1!)7 831, 71M) ( i i 1 V- «ilO,J»43 12!>,018 739,!M»1 701,276 124,950 826,226 1 3,084,322 3,084,322 3,070,(]52 3,070,652 - 81,382,072 8,820,928 90,203,000 80,272,456 8,916,711 89,189,167 176 i; !.; '." •■-.!-''*,';'^i &*'>v.vd $ «, J^l i ^r-x •:•:■ k''- •) l.1 1 H r^ ■ k' Si;! ' • ■^ I •^.^^i I J''; liin'S u li: ■ i-r'^' ) ■ -. . l'^ ■ ■ ■ r^.^ ♦ , i' • ■ ■ -v ; ■ . - >; • » 1 • ■ ■ W. ■-I HhP i 1V6 lUllKJltS anci exi)orts, 1.SS8 and 18S!>. Value of imiwrts and HXIKirtS .since 18(i7, CHAPTER IV. 228. Tlie total value of the imports and exports, aiul iniiunnt of duty collected in 1889, as compared with 1888, was as follows : — Imports. Exports. Duty Collected. 1SS8 ."?110,8!l4,r,30 s!Ki,203,(KK> 822,20!»,(I41 188!» 115,224,!W1 S!(,18!»,l('.7 23,784,.-)2;< There was therefore an increase in the value of imports of §4,330,301, and a decrease in the value of exports of §1,01:},H:3:3^ making an increase in the total trade of $3,316,468. whiit- tlio increase in duty collected amounted to $1,5.4,882. 229. The following tahle gives the value of the total iiiii>oits and exports, and of the aggregate trade in every year since Confederation. The excess of imports over exports, or other- wise, is also shown, as well as the value of the aggregate trade per head of population in each year : — IMPORTS AND EXPORTS, AND TOTAL TRADE OF CANADA. 18(i8 T( ) issii. Ye.\u KXDEI) 30th .Tlxe Total Inijiorts. Total Exi)orts. Excess of Imi)orts. Excess of Exixjrts. Total InuKjrts and Exiwrts. Value uf Total Trade per head. 1868 . 73,45!),644 70,415,105 74,814,33!> {K;,0"J2,!»71 111,430,527 128,011,281 128,213,582 123,070,283 93,210,346 99,327,y(i2 93,081,787 81,904,427 8(), 489,747 105,330,840 119,419,500 132,254,022 11(1,397,043 108,941,486 104,424,561 112,892,236 110,894,630 115,224,931 57,567,888 60,474,781 73,573, 4!M) 74,173,(ii8 82,(539,(i()3 89,789,922 89,351,928 77,886,979 80,96(5,435 75,875,393 79,323,()(»7 71,491,255 87,!>11,458 98,2!)0,823 102,137,203 98,085,804 91,406,496 89,238,361 85,251,314 89,515,811 90,203,000 89,189,167 15,891,75(5 131,027,532 8 cts. ax sc IfsCy 9,940,384 1,240,849 21,919,353 28,790,864 38,221,359 as,861,(554 45,183,304 12,243,911 23,452,5(59 13,758,120 10,473,172 130,889,94(5 8S 3.') 1870 148,387,829 42 !t.-) 1871 1872 . . 170,26(5,589 4S 3'J 194,070,190 r)3 74 1873 217,801,203 5 SK 1874 1875 187(5 1877 187S 200,957,2(52 174,17(5,781 175,203,355 172,405,454 153,455,682 174,401,205 203,621,663 221,5-)6,703 230,339,826 207,803,539 198,179,847 189,(575,875 202,408,047 51 TO 44 1(1 43 i;.-) 42 2(1 1879 37 01 1880 ... . .1,421,711 41 37 1881 7,040,017 17,282,297 34,168,218 24,990,.547 19,70.^,125 19,173,247 23,376,425 20,691,630 26,035,764 41) SO 1882 oO 00 1883 . &) !)il 1884 1885 45 11 42 20 1886 1887 3!» .")7 41 52 1888 201,097,(530 40 4.1 1889 . 204,414,098 40 2'; Total .... Annual Average. . 2,285,361,310 1,834,344,456 452,438,5(55 1,421,711 4,119,705,766 *45 2.5 103,880,060 83,379,293 20,565,389 187,259,353 ^Average. Value uf Total Trad.. |)er head. >< cts. 3S Sti 3S 3") 42 !I5 4S 3'J r)3 74 5!) 37 51 70 44 10 43 i;5 42 20 37 01 4137 4(1 80 50 00 50 !l!) 45 11 42 20 30 57 41 52 40 45 40 2'/ »45 25 TRADE AND COMMERCE 177 230. The^ value of imports has been exceeded seven times Average and tlie value of exports nine times since Confederation, and values, ill live years during the same period the total trade was also laii^erthan in 1889. The imports, however, exceed the average ot h years by $11,344,871, and the exports by $5,809,874. The average annual value per head during the twenty-two years has l»een, of imports $25.12, of exports $20.13, and of the total trade .$45.25, so that in 1889 imports were $2.42, exports $2.56, and the total trade $4.98 below the average. The amount of the total trade per head was considerably below that of several previous years, though the total aggregate trade was .SI 7,154,745 above the average. 2ol. During the last twenty-two years the exports have only Excess of once exceeded the imports, viz., in 1880, in every other year ^™p^''**'* there having been an excess of imports. The average annual excess of imports has been $20,565,389 ; therefore the excess in 1889 was $5,470,375 above the average. Whether a continual excess of imports is or is not pre- judicial to the interest of a country is a cjmplex and much debated question and one outside the scope of a work of this description. The imports into the United Kingdom have for many years largely exceeded the exports, yet that country is steadily augmenting its wealth. India, on the other hand, has had a large excess of exports for several years, and yet is by no means in a prosperous financial condition. The imports into this country, it is seen, are almost invariably in excess of exports, yet its wealth is steadily increasing and its credit improving. 232. The value of the total trade is still considerably below Decline the returns for 1882 and 1883, but the decline in values in S^L^y^ lIlCrGcloG 111 many of the principal articles of merchandise has been so quantities, marked that there is good reason to suppose that at prices of a - tew years ago the trade of 1889 would have been in excess of the highest point yet reached. That the decline in values has exceeded any decrease in quantities to a considerable extent, will be apparent on examining the following comparative statement of the quantities and values of the principal articles 12 r ^ ., m ^#(':~.':'^K'';i/ ■ '. .■ iiJ f - ' IB.' ■ ait !»: %: ' 1 • * ■■ '■' » ! ■•?• ,r'i vr,* »: •• . .->■ "I: :« si -T 4- I- It^* '■ I* Hi • . jH. !^t I > I* t1 \'v\ ff- tfl mii ^iri 178 Values at prices in 1873 and 1888 com- pared. ■■■i.M i '* ■;• CHAPTER IV. of food exported during the years of 1882 and 1889, vespcetively, from which it will be seen that with scarcely an excepti(»ii the percentage of increase or decrease in value was re»pec'ti\elv considerably smaller or larger than the corresponding pcituiit- age in quantities : — QUANTITIES AND VALUES OF PRINCIPAL ARTICLES OF FOoi, EXF^ORTED FROM CANADA IN 1882 AND 188i», COiMPARED. Articles. QlANTITIES. 1882. Wheat Bush. Flour Brls. Corn Bush, Cattle No. Swine " Sheep " Beef Lbs. Bacon " Pork " Butter " Cheese " Eggs Doz. 188!». 6,433,533 508,120 2,22!»,!H)0 ()2,337: 3,2()3 3ii,(;(;!» 1,1!»2,042, 10,28(),1!I0| 2,(i.-M;,778, 15,33.8,488 55,325, l(i7! 10,4!l!),082i 1,785,34!» 15(»,3(;0 4,38«i,255) 102,!>80 l,2lt7 3<50,<.»30 7O7,07(> 3,8510,322 53(>,5i>' 2,217,!t8») 1(5,364,585 14,028,8113 Percent- Values. age of Increase, or Decrease. 1882. 8 laso. 1 8 - 722 8,153.610 1,744,0.57 — 01>-2 2,1)41,740 76!»,478 + 1>7 1 1,353,738 2,101,110 -f 65-2 3,285,4.52 5,714,52(5 — 60-2 10,875 (i,175 -*- 15 '8 l,228,!).-)7 1,276,018 — 406 75,00!» 36,510 — 62 1 1,124,405 3<)2,8 - 71>'8 1!»2,581» 35,765 — 85-5 2,075,170 31»2,(>.55 + 72 3 5,070,537 0,517,250 + 33-6 1,643,700 2,150,510 PiMvt.nt- m' of Increase. cir Decrease. 73 S (il'.S 73 11 + 43 2 3!i 51 3 I-:-: SI 4 ,S(i',S .".!)■ 1 .SI -3 233. Some figures were quoted in the Statistical Abfftract. 1887, p. 197, which had been prepared by Mr. Gitfeii, com- paring the values of the imports and exports of Great Britain in 1886 with w^iat they would have been at the prices of 1873. and showing that instead of 350 millions the imports would have been over 500 millions, and the exports 550 millions instead of 212J millions. The following table of the princi[tal articles imported into Canada in 1888, shoAving their actual import value in that year, and the value they would have had at the import prices of 1873, shows a proportionately similar result as regards this country. It will be seen that the im[»ort» at the prices of 1873 would have been 60*65 per cent, higher, and if a reduction in some articles is allowed for, and an aver- age increase of 50 per cent, is taken, it %vill be found that the imports of 1888 would have amounted to $166,841,945, a much larger sum than has yet been recorded, showing that the trade of the country has increased to a large extent, although at present values the progress is not apparent in figures. TRADE AND COMMERCE. 179 V\LrK OF IMPORTS OF CERTAIN ARTICLES AT THE PRICES OF 1S73, AND AT THE ACTUAL PRICES OF 1888, COMPARED. PUINX'IPAL AbTICLES OK IMPORT. Cliccs.' Laid iiiul tallow Cigiii's Lbs. Butter Oil, coal caiid kerosHne, &c . . Galls. Soiiii. coiiiiiion Lbs. Hdp' Rii't No. Miats, fresh, salted and smoked " Alt', licer and iK)rter, in canks and bottles Galls. Wims, all kinds, except sparkling wines " .Sujiiir, all kinds Lbs. '* candy and confectionery " Tea, lilack, green and Japan ... *' Mace and nutmegs *' CdCiia and chocolate " (JimiKiwder " Maccaroni and vermicelli. Mowing, leaping and threshing machines . . Locomotive engnies and railroad cars Miistawl Lbs. Tui'iicntine, spirits of Galls. Cream of tartar, in crj'stals Lbs. Spices, all kinds, unground , " Iiidip) " I'liosphorus, brimstone and snlpliur " Wiiitiiig. Cwt. Zinc, white, dry Ll)s. A;«lieH, pot, i)earl and soda Brls. Cotton wool Lbs. ( )ils, cocoanut and palm Galls. Wlieat Bush. Wl 181 ,()(»!» ().3,203 404,847 {1,448 fl(»,?}5 (i8,581 l,0<)it,.-)l(J 188,4.")7 403,(507 5,784,334 103,53!! 3,0.*)7,8.")0 42,87(i 13,002 5,533 5,370 1!).040 JMJ,777 02,841 17i»,5!t3 130,5!»!t 158,888 31), 410 31,281 20,508 24,210 4,778 3,110,522 8(>,!»51 4,f)<)8,582 1,322,783 1,481),357 48,400 !».5,58!t !>,03(i,012 4!K»,IK»8 13,308 73,41)8 254,877 1,927,722 100,700 64,«73 253,22!) 20,470 Value of Im|H)rts of 18,SH, according to 1873 prices. 36,4!)1,004 l,02(i,222 582,41)5 81,113 04,5(>7 1,108,201 12,(i.V) 137,033 !)1,873 l,13(i,70!» 154,80!) 343,87(> ll,8!)4,()(t0 138,211 (!,08(;,45(i 74,8(»5 10,175 4,881 .5,!)12 ll,(i73 223,0f.l 7!»,!»20 21!), 174 I(i7,(i5!) 17!),72!) 41,511 4C.,3(!3 01,701 (>C.,(i2!) 8.0!'2 5,52:': His 217, '•..•., 0,320,(50; 2,045,132 1,41(5,(580 51,3(5(5 !)8,481 15,5.55,720 470,!)77 10,(548 50,(5.55 434,103 1,723,(500 03,817 82,.5!)0 401,208 23,404 58,023,814 ■i'' '■ . • ' ■ It : ' ■ *■■ :■ ■ ■ ■•wt ■- ■■M'Jr ■,'- i f 'iii'' m\ i---}^ * . 180 Average prices, 1873-1««!I. CHAPTER IV. 234. The following tigures, showing the course of the aver- age prices of certain articles, were given by Mr. Snuerhock in the " Statist " of 11th January, 1890 :— i.<. < . lK«i7-1877 , 1873.. 1879 1880. 1881 1882.. .. 1883 1884 1885 188(5 1887 1888 188!) 100 111 83 88 86 84 82 7« 72 til) (i8 70 72 Value of gcKxls entered for conHump- tiuii, duty collected, &c. If m:\\ The figures for 1889 show satisfactory progress. 235. The next table gives the value of imports, exports aiul duty collected, per head of population, and the value of gooiU entered for consumption, in each year since Confederation : — VALUE OF IMPORTS AND EXPORTS PER HEAD IN CANADA A\D DUTY COLLECTED ; ALSO VALUE OF GOODS ENTERED FOR CONSUMPTION, m\8 TO 1880. Yearenoei) 30th June. 185| 7,2431 4,500' 4,103! 4,1611 4,272 8,896 8,140 8,810 9,755 8,516 12,305 20,726 31,397 21,772 42,207 8,819,431 8,298,90J» J»,4(i2,940 11,843,65.) 13,046,493 13,017,730 14,421,882 15,3(51,.382 12,833,114 12,548,451 12,795,093 12,939,540 14,138,849 18,500,785 21,708,837 23,172,308 20,164,903 19,133,.''>59 19,448,123 22,469,705 22,209,641 23,784,523 Amount Articles on which export duty is collected, viz. fthingle and stave bolts. ... -Pine, oak and spruce logs, and .'7 TRADE AND COMMKKOE. 181 ». Amount litT Head. 8 cts. il 2()1 09 2 43 40 2 74 55 3 37 03 3()1 30 3.J5 82 3 77 82 3 !)5 14 3 2.5 51 3 12 93 3 13 40 3 12 49 3 35 85 4 2(j 37 4 'JO 08 5 13 63 4 38 69 4 07 23 4 0.5 05 4 61 41 4 4(i 23 4 (58 tered for conmniip tion. 231). The amount of duty was the largest collected m any intwaw vear since Confederation, and was 169 per cent, larger than a.iiectVd. that collected in 1868, though the amount per head shows an incivasc only of 70 per cent. There was an increase in the diitv collected on exi)Ctrt8 of ahout 100 per cent. 237. In goods entered for consumption there was an increase Vuiut-p- of ^0,826,347 as compared with the preceding year, and an gcKxiHMi- incivase of $10,070,753 as compared with 1886. The value per head of these imports in 1887 was $21.67, in 1888 $20.68, and ill 1889 $21.61, an increase over the preceding year of 93 cental. The value of similar goods in the United States in 1889 was $11.40 per head, heing $10.21 per head less than in Canada. 238. The amount of trade done l)y the United States is only Canadian exceeded hj' three countries in the world, and is therefore many American tiiiie."^ larger than the trade of Canada, though in proportion to [j^Jad^^'^JI. l>o[>nlation, the trade of the Dominion is considerably in ad- pa>*'*^- vaiice of that of the United States, as is shown hy the following statement : — FOREIGN TRADE OF CANADA AND THE UNITED STATES PER CAPITA, 1889. Country. Imiwrts. Exports. Total Trade. Canada S cts. 22 70 11 4fi 8 cts. 17 57 11 44 8 cts. 40 27 United States 22 88 Excess per head in favour of Canada 11 24 (5 13 17 39 239. A comparative summary of the value of the principal Sumnmry articles imported in the last three years will be found in the 1887,1888* following table, dutiable goods being distinguished from those **" admitted free : — . -.... .•• s l\i ■ » ' .^1 '.■ w' 1:", 'i : w '4 1?: «. .'■If' ■ .1' ' fS % |i,- ii • A I. Mil 1.^ % ti 182 CHAPTER IV. \{4 ALUK OF THK PRlXriPAL IMPORTS INTO CANADA, DUTlAnLK AM) FHKK. l)rKINWH AM) \mK AUTK'I.KM. DlTIAlll.K (JdOllS. Al»', li«'t'r mill [HirttT AniiiiivlH, liviii(|f . , . . J54 >l 1 HO, 22(5 I88.4r.7 H(M»,i:{0 r)(57,183 1, 21 M ;,!«»!» 1.222. 1!»7 40!l,2:)l 432,08(5 ■»(;i,(U.-) 381.830 .■.,ti(Mi,77H (5,7tM5,Ol3 i»M2,!tiK) (;io.8;i3 11! 1,231 i(»3,or»o 34,2! 12 34,7r.l 3.-.3.424 211,708 7."»,703 ■"»7,(N5;< 13r),!MM'. 128.00S (!,,S!Hi,(;.*)0 3.780,r..*)2 I07,3!t3 131.(i!»3 13,(124 7."i,7r><5 ri,430,r)74 4,21(5,4(52 l,3!»7,r)ll l,4r>(5,!»3!) 7»»,24r) 740,052 2,(»32,7(>7 l,8(»2,8.-)2 (•.13,404 (513,.5.5(5 l,.-.2(i.S31 l,:i')8,(M55 !>7r»,77C> 0;i8,270 h;7(5,HC.!» 8,8(M5,2(57 iV)l,2.')!l 485,400 24(5,422 278,530 1,(584,171 l,51,.y,054 102,701 04,778 34S,4{W 375,;«)1 472,3<58 4(50,707 .^)33,(534 44(5, ia5 707,2,SS 713,423 2W»,7,!L'« 70. ss; ■»,241,4:i l,3l!l, 4(1(1 (i84,s:{(i l,8!l2.4;t' 504, ((.•Hi l,4ss,,s2(l !»77,l'((L' (;27.(t:.;t 7.".7,."):t' 1,2(K»,,S7!) 231, 4!i.-) itit;.7;,Slll 477,0S1 287,24(1 1,51S,(MI7 118,410 3(r),7»J 407,041 .522,8,--.,s (553,(51.") 104,8.") 450,7S1 5(51,8.") 1,132,1.")0 108,3(14 TRADE AND COMMERCE. VALU?: OF THK PRINCIPAL IMPORTS, kr.-ConUnucl. 188 AKTI('I-E8. DlTl.vuLK Ctoo\)H—Conchtil(if. I'lovi-iiiiiM, viz. :— r.iittrr, cliccHe, Inrd iiiul incatH of all kin.lM. Suit, cniirKt' (lint imiKirtt'd fnmi On-iit Britain ,pi' riiitiuli iKisHexHiotm, ov for hbu or gulf fi-li'ii»'^). iio'l iH ^»»' ""It Sttll- lllld I'tNltM Silkiiii'l iimiuifiictureH of Siiii|) ut all kiiulM Spici'^ Spirits iiml wineM Starili, all kiiulM Stoiii', ami iiiaiiufacturcH uf SiikMi' I if nil kiiulH Ml ilassfs CoiifictiDiiary and Hti^ar candy T<-A Tiiluu'cii and ciffarH Till ptiitiiu', xinritrt of Vaiiiisii \VK''tiil>lt'n. . Viiuvar Waflit s and partH of WiHid, and nianufacture« of W'onllcn nianufaetnr»'M All other dutiable articles V.W,LK OK Imi'outs. 1SS7 1,772,1««J 422,H10 2,HiW,U7 202,r»,M23 m,w,2 4(>2,823 173.002 1(«»,7H!I 204,254 10,87<} 44r),!»42 1,425,527 Vi,8!»7,77«> 4,43»i,807 Total dutiable goOHHe8nion, or for the use of the sea or gulf fisherieH ( )tlur articles, the prrxluce of the mine Fishfries — Fish of all kinds* " oil " Other articles, the produce of the fisherieH. . Forest— Lo^'s and round unmanufactured timber., . . Luiidwr .and timber, plank and board, sawn, not 8hai)ed, planed or otherwise manufactured ()ther articles, the produce of the forest . . Aninmls — Animals for the improvement of stock, for ranches, and imiKjrted as settlers' effects, kc 585,075 285,455 3y<),817 273,(>a5 63,.'W3 10,391 33U,88(i 491,81)0 , 89,928 I i 1888. 2,ai5,488 32,254 395,98«} 2,78(1,137 92,458 223.01(5 1,.S84,772 39,(;('>2 173,281 .'),784,4W; 881,911 103,539 117,335 245,2.53 17!».r)39 89,308 187,72(5 8,414 .558,1(17 1,420,!Kt4 9,8.V),334 4,143, 8(W 77,784,037 5,290,412 220,975 4(J1,28C, 347,353 34,!HW 13,034 280,G72 54(5,17(5 91,374 ■875,021 t Specially exempted from Newfoimdland. 5(57,778 1889. 3,130,:5O7 H9,.''.02 112,717 2,973,847 114,:W3 223,525 1,470,129 :.(>,l(io 203,207 .5,.570,")05 1,(«»1,781 121,(517 73,9.17 280,.5(i(5 194,713 83,934 182,723 8,897 .57.5,1(51 1.(593,210 10,35.5,942 4,311,511 80,().5!»,!M5(5 5,19.3.025 253,009 397,410 411,908 57,928 12,.5.59 3(50,337 .507,277 110,489 524,4(51 ' « » •I ■'■t ,4 I • i',:' ■■•>ii*', mi K i' >■ it 184 CHAPTER IV. VALUE OF PRINCIPAL IMPORTS, &c.-Conduded. I!'i .*• ■-■. r» • • :••%, ' -. . •;i.>-Mi ■ 10- ■■•^ft^^! St--. * * " . ♦''. • !..■*. ■ . ■ * . jj-^ ■ ;' •■■ ' ■ if" 4- ■ , ': ■ ''■ M ' * « H-'i t . : ! 4,:; Articles. Fkke Goovfi— Concluded. Animals — Concluded. Eggs Fur Hkins of all kinds, not dressed in any manner Hides, raw, whether dry salted or jjickled, skins undressed, dried, salted or pickled, and tails undressed Silk, raw, or as reeled from the cocoon, not being doubled, twisted or advanced in manufacture any way Wool, unmanufactured Other articles, the produce of animals. . . . A^icultural products, viz. : — Tobacco, unmanufactured, for Excise pur- ix>8es Trees, shrubs and plants Other agricultural products Manufactured and partially manufactured articles — Cotton wool and waste Drugs, dyes, chemicals and medicines Metals, iron and steel, viz. : — Steel railway bars or rails Other manufactures of iron and steel Tin in blocks, pigs, bars, plates and sheets.. Yellow metal in bars, bolts, and for sheath ing All other manufactured articles Miscellaneous articles — Articles for the use of the Dominion Gov eniment, &c Articles for the use of the Army, Navy and Militia, &c Coflfee, green Tea of all kinds Coin and bullion Other miscellaneous articles Special exemptions — Animals, from Newfoundland Articles for original c-onstruction of Cana- dian Pacific Railway Articles for original construction of Esqui- mau and Nanaimo Railway Total, free goods . . . , " dutiable goods , Value of Imports. 1887 8 05,262 478,149 1,961,134 143,521 1,873,651 282,349 1,328,703 752,072 3,081,424 1,238,759 1,431,792 586,721 1,018,400 51,631 2,506,097 670,313 66,925 184,347 3,334,819 532,218 1,717,378 669,016 27,624 27,412,836 85,479,400 Grand total 112,892,236 1888. r 73,498 453,746 1,619,822 104,708 1,322,783 302,850 1,489,357 *74,245 l,m6,lll 3,222,043 1,239,193 1,232,531 491,210 1,045,395 48,409 2,842,954 577,990 02,822 383,508 2,940,515 2,175,472 3,771,735 50 283,223 1,555 33,110,593 77,784,037 110,894,630 ISsii. 92,7(12 51(>,525 1.587,953 1(52,373 i,6iir),:i-):) 32.s,773 1,340,344 128,74!l 2,595,(w!l 3,83().(»1(1 l,3(M),(>7(i 1,921,932 042,2.S7 1,124.948 9 >,S3'.i 3,30Stt5(i 662,3«!) 122,0^8 449..S7.H 2.934,(kS2 575,251 2,000.13!) 35,l()4,!t(K) 80,059,!HMi 115,224,931 From 4th April. m TRADE AND COMMERCE. 185 240. There was an increase in the value of dutiable ^oods of increases g!2,275,929, and in that of free goods of $2,054,372. Among decreases. (liitial)le goods the principal increases were in imports of flour and meal, iron and steel and manufactures of the same, pro- visions, principally in lard and meats of all kinds, manufactures of silk, and woollen manufactures, while among free goods the increases were chiefly in imports of wool, cotton wool, railway iron and manufactures of iron and steel. The principal decreases among dutiable goods were in imports of grain of (dl kinds, coal and coke, and coffee, and among free goods in imports of lumber, unmanufactured tobacco and animals for the improvement of stock, there having been an increase under almost every other head. 241. The following table gives the value of goods entered Goods tor consumption (dutiable being disthiguished from free) in consump-"^ each Province in 1889, and the amount of duty collected proviiies. thereof : — VALUE OF GOODS ENTERED FOR CONSUMPTION BY PROVINCES, 1889 Provinces. Dutiable G Quebec. . . Xo va Scotia 10,393,284 2,338,734 New Brunswick 1,508,242 Manitoba British Columbia Prince Edward Island 549,458 974,676 186,274 The Territories 24,549 242. The dutiable goods entered for consumption were Percent- $4,829,315 more than in the preceding year, while free goods duty coV similarly entered were more by $1,997,032. The percentage ^^''**'*^- of duty on goods entered for consumption was 21*65, being higher than in any year since Confederation, the next highest t « -I ■ I t- .■■'* ^ !'■'*, I ' , 'II' *i: ' ^ ■■ .1- '^a :^. ■ ; -4 I''. j I V. t1 Milt 11' i1 I' m J i!i;:r'.- :.: ii!V ,-; .^ N'^'f • t i w J'^' 186 CHAPTER IV. tion by FruvinceH nut com- plete. having been in 1888, viz., 21-57. The percentage of dutv on the total vahie of imports was 20*60, being also the hifjhest during the last 22 years. Of the total amount of duty collected $9,450,243, or 40 per cent, were collected on goods from Great Britain, and $7,371,148, or 32 per cent, on goods from the United States, bciiig the same proportions as in the preteilincr year. The next largest amounts were on goods from the West Indies and Germany, the sums being 61,727,816 and $1,260,638 respectively. Returns of 243. The figurcs in the preceding table must only be taken as indicative of the channels by which the goods enter tlie Dominion, and not as by any means representing the individual consumption of each Province. Quebec, containing the prin- cipal ports of entry by the St. Lawrence, and Ontario the principal ports of entry for goods from the United States, it is clear that a very large portion of the duty collected is really paid by the other Provinces, and -it is probable that the larnost portion of the duty collected in the Province of Quebec 13 actually paid by the Province of Ontario. The same remarks apply more or less equally well to exports, the Province of Prince Edward Island being now the only Province whose returns can be considered as applying almost exclusively to that Province. No retxnns 244. Morcovcr uo accouut of the Inter-Provincial trade is of Inter- Provincial taken in the Trade Returns, and exports of one Province to another are not mentione«l, c. g. after the harvest of 1887 Manitoba exported some 9,000,000 bushels of wheat to Ontario and Great Britain ; no account is taken of the export to Ontario, and the quantity shipped to Great Britain is credited to Quebec, Montreal being the port of export. Value of 245. The following table gives the value of goods entered tfoods o o o entered for for cousumptiou at three periods since Confederation, viz., in tion"aiid 1870, 1878 and 1888, and shows also the countries from which fr'm which imp*^*'^^*^? the values of imports from each country and the is-o'^is's percentage in each case to the total imports. 1888.' TRADE AND COMMERCE. viLUK OF IMPORTS ENTERED ^OR CONSUMPTION IN CANADA IN ^ THK YEARS NAMED, SHOV a THE COUNTRIES FROM WHICH IMPORTED, AND THE P.K ORTION IN EACH CASE TO THE TOTAL VALUE. Countries. I'liited Stntes (;ivat Britain. (iermivny Spaiiisli West Indies Friir.cH. , .laiKi" ■ i;nti>ili West Indies, China Brazil Belgium... Siiaiii^li Possessions m Pacific Oee.ar Xewfuiiiuiliuid Spain Hdlland..... . British (JuLana Switzerland . . . Italy (JrH'ce .\iistri British Africa.. . . . " East Indies. Turkey Portugal St. Pierre Oeiiinark .\iistralia Dutch Kast Indies. Mauritius Siaui . . Russia French West Indies. . . Venezuela Norway and Sweden. . Chili .... I)ani.sh West Indies. . . Sandwich Islands New Zealand l)utcli West Indies. . . Central American States Mexico British North American Pnivinces . Other Countries Total. Value of Im- j)orts Entered for Con- sumption, 1870. 24,728, ltt«i 38,595,433 469,275 2,423,421 1,394,341 5,340 892,134 432,919 8,504 l(n,5.53 314,925 155,119 384 28,050 11,497 47 70,241 51,399 2,0«M 28,014 28,441 108,049 '2J24 1,2<58,948 5«),009 71,237,603 Per- cent- age. 34 71 54 18 0-66 3-40 1-96 01 1-25 0-61 01 23 44 22 004 02 010 07 004 004 i: 1-78 0'08 100 00 Value of Iin- I)orts Entered for Con- sumption, 1878. 48,631,739 37,431,180 399,326 417,178 1,385,003 212,798 578,405 170,878 255^694 (i72,665 277,429 213,014 147,879 61,178 53,310 37,225 22,0(M; 45,019 8,661 i,r>88 41,913 8,258 2(57 21,68(! 730 15,5(il 2,059 1,019 85,809 91,199,577 Per- cent- age. 53-33 41 04 0-44 0-46 1-52 0-23 64 19 "6'28 0-74 0-30 23 16 07 006 04 002 05 01 005 01 02 02 om) 10000 Value of Im- lK)rts Entered for Con- sumption, 1888. 48,481,848 39,298,721 3,364,5 700 666 39;' 175 30 Per- cent, age. 47 38 3 2 2 1 "6 102, 847, 100; 100 14 21 27 37 17 18 80 88 6(» 48 25 41 37 32 18 19 18 15 13 13 13 12 07 01 0(; 04 03 03 01 01 01 01 00 187 r.-- 'it'-'-'- - ■ * l.'V . ' \'\' - -. -■' ' ,■' - •; ■ ■: I ::-,■■ '-r-' ' ■ ■ ■ !■■••■;', V . - . ■ • - >• I -,'.. i,!*^;- ■•■•^;^i :i ■ f J.' n . ■ I ' 1" III) liiii'i '*^ ■ II'. Ill: S>5, . ,' ■ ■ vT'f -» IfitI 188 CHAPTER IV. Manufac- 246. The number of proof gallons of spirits manufactured in spirii 1889 was 5,847,508, as compared with 5,514,589 gallons in 1889. 1888, being an increase of 332,919 gallons, and the quautitv taken for consumption was 2,960,447 gallons, being an increase of 634,120 gallons over 1888, and was 87,424 gallons more than the average consumption of the four preceding years. Tlie quantity taken for consumption during the last five years has been : — • Proof Gallons. 1885 3,888,012 1886 2,412,818 1887 2,8G4,{»3r) 1888 2,326,327 1889 2,960,447 Average for five years 2 ,890,1)08 increasein 247. The increase in the quantity of spirits manufactured is manufac- attributed in part to the withdrawal from the market of nietliy- lated spirits for other purposes than the mechanical arts. Quantity 248. In the production of the above mentioned quantity of asff '" spirits 98,972,941 lbs. of grain were used. Manufac- 249. The quantity of malt manufactured during the year t)ur6 of malt, 1889. was 60,500,427 lbs., and entered for consumption 51,111,429 lbs., being an increase, as compared with 1888, of 6,217,484 ll»s., and 2,470,962 lbs., respectively. Distillers used 4,859,081 \h. of the quantity entered for consumption, and the remaiiulei was employed in the production of 16,363,349 gallons of inalt liquor. The quantity of malt taken for consumption during the last five years has been : — Lbs. 1885 47,005,917 1880 37,(504,708 1887 42,630,440 1888 48,640,467 1889 51,111,429 Average for five years 45,39 8,592 It will be seen that th« consumption has steadily increased during the last four years. , '•/ 1 ! . i !• TRADE AND COMMERCE. 18i) 250. There was an increase of 501,179 lbs. in the quantity Tobacco of tobacco entered for consumption, as compared with 1888, consump- 1 tlie amount was also above the average of seven years, as *'°"' anil shown by the following figures : — TOTAL AMOUNT OF TOBACCO ENTERED FOR CONSUMPTION IN CANADA— 1883-1889. Lbs. 1883 8,965,416 1884 10,072,745 1885 11,061,589 1886. 8,507,216 1887 8,816,593 1888 9,248,034 1889 9,749,213 Average •)<}, 420,806 9,488,686 251. The quantity of Canadian tobacco taken for use during Canadian the last seven years has been : — tobacco. 1883. 1884. 1885. 18St>. 1887. 1888. 1889. Average LbH. 377,197 326,804 495,721 399,691 517,816 676,335 785,-J<'5 3,578,969 511,281 The amount of consumption of Canadian tobacco, therefore, in 1889, was 274,124 lbs. above the average for seven years. 252. The following is a statement of the number of cigars Consnmp taken for consumption during the last five years : — Number. 1885 78,869,878 1886 92,046,289 1887 85,974,823 1888 5)0,783,658 1889 92,599,820 tion of cigars. Average for five years 440,274,368 88,054,873 It will be seen that the consumption has steadily increased during the last three years, and the number consumed in 1889 was 4,544,947 above the average of five years. ■ ' » • ,lj' ■ « • 1 ■ ''ill. ■ ■ ; ' ■ • «■■ •'E^ ^t'' -•v^, ^■ i«* vii! •I! ■i;;; Mi-; *' »i ■• " i '»t m ' ! -•■f ,!;• ^ .. m v.* ■ I I ; !*5 111 ;' ! •■^ I •ti; EH: 190 CHAPTER IV. I'lv, In ' ■ m • ' ■4 .• .•'■'^' In.:::: ConHiniip- 253. According to the report of the Minister of Inlaufl tion of . , spirits, Revenue, the followina^ has been the annual consumption per iiead since head in the Dominion, since Confederation, of spirits, wine, beer, and tobacco : — ANNUAL CONSUMPTION PER HEAD IN CANADA OF SPIRITS, W JXk, BEER AND TOBACCO, FROM ISfiS TO 1889. Yeak. Sjnrits. Wine. Beer. Tc>l)ai'0(]. 18(i8 18()t> 1870 1871 1872 Galls. 1 (H) 112 1-43 1!j7 1 72 108 l!t!» l-3!t 1 20 0!»7 !M» 1 13 71 0!»2 IMM) 1 Oi» 0!t!l 112 71 074 04 0-77 Galls. 017 Oil 1!> 0-25 0-23 0-23 0-28 014 017 00!> 0!) 010 007 0!> 012 013 Oil 010 Oil OOJ) 00!) 0!) Galls. 2- 26 2-29 2 10 249 2-77 3- 18 301 3 09 2 45 2 32 2 10 2-20 2 24 2-29 2 74 2-88 2 !)2 2-63 2-83 308 3-24 3 20 Gall.. 17:^ 1 75 21!. 2o:) 2'4,S 1873 1874 111!! 2 ■.')(; 1875 lS7(i 1877 1878 1871» . . 1 !tl 2;n 2(1.-) 1!I7 111.") 1880 1881 1!).S 2(t,S 1882 1883 2 1,-) 2"'.S 1884 1S85 2-47 2 ()•' 188() 2-0.^ 1887 1888 2 (Mi 2'(»!» 188!» 2- 15 Average 118 014 2(a 2 11 Duty i)er head on spirits, tobacco, &c. According to the above figures the consumption of spirits in 1881> was decidedly less than it was in 1868, but was slightly more than in 1888. The consumption of wine also has decreased, but that of beer and tobacco are steadily increasing. 264. The average amount per head paid annually in Canadii for duty on spirits since Confederation has been $1.05 and on tobacco 41 cents ; on beer and wine it only amounted to 10 "I*. "..^ TRADE AND COMMERCE. 191 centB and 6 cents in each case. The report of the Minister of Inlan*^ Revenue gives the amounts per head ])y Provinces, but it is not possible to obtain any correct figures regarding the [ictual consumption in each Province, for the Province that has the greatest number of breweries and distilleries will show the liii-o-est consumption, owing to the duty being paid within that Province, while the material is exported to and consumed in other Provinces. 255. The following tables are (1) a comparative summary of Consump- tion of the consumption per head of distilled spirits, wines and malt ii 1 ''■*. ! I' - « til ml 'it ^1 i, •Pi'' I -i in: , itl:iv. 1.11 ■• 1 ill*. ■.• I-:.- ■■■ "I i um , ,1! U'^in 3 %i h^'*i. ' ■ i- ■m •■>', "1 i " ■■ i \ '-X^ '^^ 4. ' • ■ ; ■ •' ' « a: j.' -. i. - -t-_-' " '.!i ■¥ .■ i ■ ' ^ • ^ ;■! i ■ :• • '1 ■;' ■ ' ■ • Jfi 4 1-' '\* ;V| ;f ' '■- ■! ' iB ' f t #! ' . i m '' J:f: .i' jj".f , ■ . ■ 192 Wine pro- duction of the world, 1SS.S, CHAPTER IV. WINE PRODUCTION OF THE WORLD, 1888. Countries. Australia. . . . Austria Algeria Cajie Colony, France Greece Hungary Italy Production. Galls. 1,902,024 92,459,500 72,072,7H8 4,4(K),8!M) 795,204,534 4(5,493,920 184,919,000 798,242,489 Countries. Portugal Roiunania RuHsia Servia Spain Switzerland Turkey and Cyprus United States Prcwliictioii. (inll,*. 132,(iS,-i,()(jo 18,4!ir),<){K) 92,4:.l»,u(H) 52,S84,0(H) 607,r)!(l,iK)0 2tt,it,-),S,7(W fi8,(l,S4,2(J0 32,()0O,()0t) iniiwrts of 256. The following tables give, respectively, the vahio of crude or ^ partially articles, criide or partially nianufactured and of manutiutiirod manufac- t"red arti- articles imported into Canada during 1889 : — eles, 1889 '■ VALUE OF IMPORTS OF CRUDE OR PARTIALLY MANUFACTrRED ARTICLES INTO CANADA IN 1889. Articles. Sugar Coal, anthracite Cotton wool Coal, bituminous Tea BreadstufFs Provisions, including meat and dairy products Fruits, including nuts Wool, unmanufactured Hides and skins, other than furs Hemp, jute, and vegetable substances, immanufactured . Tobacco, unmanufactured Wood " Fish Tin plates and sheets Chemicals, drugs and dyes Animals Seeds Gutta percha, India rubber and caoutchouc Coffee Fur skins, all kinds Salt Rice Rag« Val lie. 5,444,8X1) 5,1!»3,025 3,t)12,574 3,25i),171 3,(XKj,(i5o 2,940,581) 2,3(J3,S45 2,221,4!« 1,(105,35;) l,o87,!l.53 1,311,5.52 1,270,11)7 1,104,3»)8 889,451) 871,85ti 84(i,(H)0 827,524 681,738 733,409 537,2!l9 510,525 2i)l,977 24(V)55 231,(531 I. VALUi: OF Cdtton waste., Diftiiiond.'*, uns Hciiw Vepetalilt's ... Snic■e^^, UllgTOU Mnrlilf iiiid ate iim*!', for uxe ,>lt'i* Spices, unbound Marlilp !'iid atone, unmanufactured. (irease, f i t use of soap stock Silk, uiiuiiinufactured Trees, jiliiuts and shnibs BrcKiin corn EgRs Clays or earths, all kinds ()il-\vli;ile and fish Mineral substances Bristles Siicmges — Coal (lust (VirkwiMxl and cork bark. Hair, uninanufactured . . . Malt. Ivory nuts, vegetable. ..... Cociia, k'an, shell and nibs Hay. Phmibag" ._ _ .\11 other crude or partially manufactured articles . Total. 8 222,942 200,270 205,479 204,466 197,911 195,078 173,405 1(53,238 128,749 94,560 92,762 91,902 87,409 67,8.59 ♦33,635 62,297 56,704 53,553 48,547 32,941 32,672 32,142 28,338 6,025 3,546 5,481,200 49,625,705 ■i:fc*^*\f.. 1- i« ■ ,■ VALUE OF IMPORTS OF MANUFACTURED ARTICLES INTO CANADA Imi^rts of IN 1889. nianufac- tuied arti- - cles, 1889. Articles. Wool, manufactures of Iron and steel, manufactures of Sugar and molasses Cotton, manufactures of .Silk " Fancy articles Settlers' effects Chemicals, drugs, dyes and medicines, prepared or manufactured . Leather and manufactures of Flax, hemp and jute, manufactures of Value. 8 10,391,072 8,598,200 1,337,382 4,367,314 2,978,496 1,8{K),625 1,797,112 1,757,632 1,521,868 1,493,686 13 ^■. w: '-U'^ ■It ■" i> I ^ ;! ■'i'l m\ 'li fl i H!v;. 194 CHAPTER IV. VALUE OF IMPORTS OF MANUFACTURED ARTICLES INTO CAN VT> ^ I!! •'; r r Jll-fr Articles. BoukH, inaiM, engravingH and all other nrinted matter HatH, capH, bonnetM, luiods and inateriaU fur Wood, nianufactureB of , GlasH and glanBware Oils, otlier than whale or fish Pajier, manufactures of Spirits, distilled Gutta uercha, India rubber, manufactures of Furs, aressed, and manufactures of Jewellery, manufactures of gold and silver, and precious stones .. Clocks and watches and parts of ... Earthen, stone and chinaware Paints and colors . Wines Musical instruments Brass, manufactures of Nets, seines and twines Metal, manufactures of, N.E.S Copi)er, manufactures of Carriagei^, all kinds, and parts of Gloves, all kinds, except leather Buttons Tobacco, manufactures of Electric lights and apparatus for, and electric and galvanic batteries.. Cement . , Oil cloth Turi)entine, spirits of Ale, beer and jwrter Embroideries Stone, marble, slate, and manufactures of Paintings, in oil or water colors, drawings or engravings . . . Brick and tiles Sugar candy and confectionery Printing presses, all kinds, folding machines and {laper cutters Cordage Soap G«n powder and other explosives Crai)es of all kinds Brooms and brushes Tinware, manufactures of Baking jxjwder Ink, writing and printing Optical instruments Cork and corkwood, or corkbark, manufactured Hair, manufactures of Lead '/ Candles, all kinds Spices, ground All other manufactured articles Total value of manufactured articles Total value of unmanufactured articles , Total value of articles imported . Viihi i.:m,ii-, wr.547 >^4 1,013 7;-t7,»N; 7(»v)0-) <>!»7,!t4!l r)S2.72s ri(J'2,!t2!i 4!t7,511i 4.H4.2;{:t 434.(!l,s 402,21(1 34(i,0.")|l 5J!»1.22li 27ti,2.V; 224,047 l!l7,r..s 120,7('it> 115. 14S ir2,7»i 105,0.^1 1(»4.722 07,882 03,3S,S 02,33(1 00,.j(i:. 81,337 55,01S 53,!i30 31.5(14 28,057 25,112 17,517 4,340,(i8S 60,047,742 40,()25,70:> 100,1)73,447 Tlio proportion of the value of manufactured articles im- iiortc'd to the total value was 64'75 per cent., and of unmanu- factured articles 45*25 per cent. Similar proportions in the United States in 1889 were respectively 57*48 per cent, and 42"r)2 per cent. 257. The next table is a statement of the value of the exports Value of in ever}' year since Confederation, distinguishing those of Hine*- Con- Caiiadian produce and manufacture in each class from the total foreign exports : — KXl'ORTS FROM CANADA, DOMESTIC AND FOREIGN, 18G8-1889. fe(U'rati(»ii, Ykab. Domestic. Produce of the Mine. 18(W . 1800. . 1870. . 1871.. 1872.. 1873. . 1S74.. 1875. . 187(1.. 1877.. 187H. . 1870.. 1880. . 1881.. 1882. . 1883. . 1884.. 1885.. 188(». . 1887., 1888.. 1880., 8 1,44(5,857 2,0J)3,502 2,487,038 3,221,461 5,326,218 6,471,162 3,«.»77,216 3,878,050 3,731,827 3,644,040 2,816,347 3,082,}KX) 2,877,351 2,767,821* 3,013,573 2,y70,886 3,247,0«J2 3,63J»,537 3,951,147 3,805,955) 4,110,937 4,419,170 Produce of the Fisheries. 3,357,510 3,242,710 3,608,549 3,994,275 4,386,214 4,779,277 5,292,368 5,380,527 5,500,989 5,874,3(K) 6,853,975 6,928,871 6,579,65(> 6,8<)7,715 7,(582,079 8,809,118 8,591,654 7,i>60,001 6,843,388 6,875,810 7,793,183 7,212,208 Pr-xluce of the Forest. 18,262,170 19,838,5K53 20,1»40,434 22,352, 28(5 23,8!K>,759 28,586,816 26,817,715 24,781,780 20,128,0(54 23,010,249 19,511,575 13,261,459 1(5,854,507 24,960,012 23,(«»1,055 25,370,726 25,811,157 20,989,708 21,034,611 20,484,746 21,302,814 23,043,007 Animals and their Products. 6,893,1(57 8,769,407 12,138,161 12,(508,506 12,706,(M57 14,243,017 14,(579,169 12,700,507 13,517,(554 14,220,617 14,019,857 14,100,604 17,607,577 21,360,219 20,454,759 20,284,343 22,946,108 25,337,104 22,065,433 24,246,937 24,71'.>,297 23,894,707 Aprricul- tural Products. 12,871,055 12,182,702 13,67(5,619 9,853,924 13,378,891 14,995,340 19,5!Mt,142 17,258,358 21,139,(5(55 14,(589,37(5 18,008,754 19,(528,4(54 22,2J>4,328 21,268,327 31,035,712 22,818,519 12,397,843 14,518,293 17,652,779 18,82(5,235 15,43(5,3(50 13,414,111 1- ii V ■^?^, . ::t^*^yt;.l iif '•" 'H'.- :•) k :'M m ♦«■ W'^ 1 1 . i' • ! iV - '■ . 106 CHAPTER IV. EXroRT-S FROM CANADA, DOMK.STIC AND FORKIUN, 18flH-lHH!i -,„„ Ykah. Dr>MKMTic. Manufac- ttir»M. c«'l lime* HIM Articlem. I 18fi8 I 1,572,54('. i Isr.iJ I l,7r..\4(il IK70 ' 2,i;«,H5!l 1H71 i 2,2<»1,H14 1S72 1 2.3!t7,731 1S73 : 2,!t21,H02 1874 ■ 2.;i")3,tM'»3 1875 2,2i»3,040 lHr({ 5,3.*)3.3(i7 1877 ' 4,10',, 422 1878 4,127.7rM 187!l 2,7,281 im> 3,242,m7 1881 3,07r),0!l5 1882 ; 3,32{»,r)5»8 1883 ! 3,r)<>3,220 1884 ' 3,577,535 1885 ; 3,181,5(H 188(; I 2.824,137 1887 3,(»7!t,!»72 1888 4,H;i,282 188J» 4,434,»4i> Coin luid Bullion, and KMtiniiitfd Amount rtliort r«'tuin»'d at Inliuid PortM. 1,13!»,872 1.4;i«),5o!> 1,031 4tK),283 320,81»J 401,871 38»i,iMHI ••.40,155 022,182 535,!ta5 528,805 ,5(U>,0!HI 557,374 (M>4,011 044,301 773,877 783,052 7,827,800 7,205,070 l(»,!MM,07r. 0,130,(»18 0,807,4i"Vt 7,i;<8,40«» 4,811,084 3,258,707 3,800,025 2,800,405 2,418,(155 3,040,033 4,575,2«51 3,JKt4,327 4,4«M;,(«y 4,048,324 4,885,311 4,075,107 2,81^7,720 3,002,4r)8 3.101.85<5 .1,048,008 Foroigii. 4,HH;,821 3,855,801 0.527,022 0,853,244 12,708,182 0,405,010 10,014,01« 7,137,310 7,234,!Mil 7,111,108 11,104,878 8,355,(544 13,240,00(5 13,375,117 7.(»28,453 0,751,773 0,38<»,10(5 8,070, 04() 7,438,079 8,540,333 8,803,394 0,038,455 T,,t;il. 57,.")tl7,KSK ♦'0,t7».7si 73.:)7;f, t!i)) 74,i7;<.(ii,s 82,(i;2 80,:r.i,!i'I',s 77,H,s(l,ii7it wt.iidc.ix, 75,87:..;«w 7o.:»2.s.i;(i7 71,1!I1.'J,V, 87,01 1.4.'^ 08,L'!Mi,S'>.t I02,i;<7,*j(« 08, (»s:., St 14 Ol,4! f:".022,f' 19, of produce of the fisheries of . ' ■ ( TRADE AND COMMEKCE. 197 ^;)SO.075, of animals and their pn^lucts 8824,590, and in (,xi>t>rtrt of foreign prodnce !J1,804,H8'.«. 2t!0. Tiie value of the exports of nrticies 'hf pi*oduce or Kx|H)rtH of Miiiiufaotiire of Cana(hv (hiring tlio la!. Vkah kn. ri ^^nH Jink. is:o 1S71 1S7M 1M7(! 1S77 1S7H W* ISHtl ISSl 1.SS2 \SK] 1SS4 iss:. ISSII 1SS7 IHSS Total Viiliu' 4S,r)f»4,Wt1l r.2,40«».772 r>7,«};«»,(>24 (•.:).8:n,uHa 7<>.r».*w,()2r. 7tt,741,tt1>7 (>1»,7<«>,«23 72.41H,437 (;H,030,r)4(» (»7,!W!t,««H) t)2.431,02r» 72,H!«» tW7 ^^:iJ^44,701 J>4.137,,704 SO.lMiO.JHHJ 81,382,072 80,272,45 38 18 24 2() 8t» 2<> tM) 17 '.•4 18 35 1 l(i !t5 Ki (17 l;-) 07 17 21» lit 32 1 21 25 1!) 41 1 17 33 ir. 85 i«; 22 Ki (>1 iti 37 15 81 P( rrt'iitftgfi' of Tt)tal Kx|»ortN. 84 2() 8(( (J5 80 (»2 77 70 70 <»(> 85-24 85 80 80' 50 80jV< 8!> ■»>••> 84-45 87 32 82 02 85 40 J>2 17 80-41 87 .34 88 (17 01 21 IMt 44 00 22 00 00 III five years only since Confederation has the value of ex- ports of Canadian produce in 1889 heen exceeded, and tlie jioicentane of total exports, though lower than in 1888, was ) _'0 above the average of 22 years. The value per head, how- over, was much lower than the value in many previous years. .I- 2«31. The followhig table gives the value of the principal Value of articles, the produce of C:inada, exported during the last three exlSs? von IN '' 1*^7' ^^^ }^^'*' and 1880. LI' '■} '1^ ^ ii mrA Hi ^ > I'M' 198 CHAPTER IV. VALUE OF THE PRINCIPAL EXPORTS, THE PRODUCE OF CAN \Da DURING THE YEARS 1887, 1888 AND 1889. "^^ ii-; r: ^1 . * * • ■ « « •!,■'', y ■ . 'I ■ I u \ ■■ ,< , » 1 « Articlgs. Asbestos Coal Gold-bearing quartz, n. afets, &c (lypsuin, cnide Oil ilneral, coal and kerosene . . Ores Phosphates Salt Sand and gravel Other articles of the mine Codfish, including haddock, ling and {wllock. Mackerel Herring Lobsters Salmon Fish oil Furs or skins, the product of fish or marine animals All other produce of the fisheries Ashes, all kinds Bark for tanning Firewood Logs Lumber Shingles Sleepers and railroad ties Stave bolts Shooks, box and other Timber, square All other products of the forest Horses Cattle Swine Sheep Poultry and other animals Butter Cheese Eggs Furs, inidressed Hides, horns and skins, other than fur .... Meats, all kinds Wool. Other animal products Bran Flax Fruits, green Barley Beans' Oats Pe.ase Wheat V.\LUK OF Exports. 1887. 1,522,272 1,017,401 ir.«,514 11,151 350,«98 31M},449 9,403 23,207 308,804 2,550,518 732,948 440,547 1,400,025 793,233 20,980 307,732 503,827 107,830 235,787 311,931 340,038 10,090,904 151,128 3.55,940 121,203 132,483 2,192,385 372,451 2,208,833 0,480,718 5,815 1,592,167 107,!K)9 979,120 7,108,978 1,825,.559 1,704,160 593,024 1,094,070 317,250 162,716 73,788 78,422 871,188 5,2.57,889 207,402 6.53,837 2,507,404 4,745,138 1888. 228,355 1,730,406 810,352 133,238' 06,834 375,020 397,493 10,044 33,236 325,293 3,132,812 f»0,027 615,304 1,329,547 1,154,602 41,241 224,330 665,320 159,026 240,568 338,002 390,859 16,176,097 311,193 519,918 118,701 243,256 2,384,037 415,157 2,458,231 5,012,713 5,277 1,276,046 127,043 798,673 8,928,242 2,122,283 1,987,525 5.52,383 1,039,671 223, a>6 187,944 49,655 80,207 857,995 6,494,416 124,795 186,010 1,532,245 1,886,470 l.SK!l. 323,8S(i 2,2.32.1.M ()2.%47!) lH!t,4!)l lS,(i81 25!»,.-)41 304,:)S3 3,750 42,0(17 3(ll,r)3S 3,104,(;!I3 45(>,7r)4 541,013 i,20o,r),817 192,950 504,008 1,411,868 10 783,642 3,070,652 80,272,450 2G2. Although out of the 72 articles enumerated in the fore- increase going table there was an increase in 33, yet there was a total crease^in decrease of $109,616, brought about principally by decreases aSes. in exports of lobsters, salmon, horses, batter, meats of all kinds, wheat and wheat flour, potatoes, furs and dried fruits. The largest increases were in exports of coal, lumber, square timber, cattle, green fruits, agricultural implements and leather. Special tables with reference to the exports of agricultural produce will be found in the subsequent chapter on agricul- ture. , 203. The following table gives the value of exports, the Value of produce of Canada, in each class, during the last five years, the pro- \m''i: d^ iM: ' '•\ ■■I ,1 ;i U .#. I r, .i/i 1 j' : '•' ■ iii' :i ■' 'f 1 II^HB ^i i i^.ij \i ■ 1 ' 11 ■■ ^^^t\ .f :^A, U' 'i .■!■':•■ '■'■ '^M§ ' y. Jc ■ 'm% iii', .' ;-'A-!-i< i;^ .» « 200 CHAPTER IV. duce of showing the countries to which exported, and distinffuishiuo- Canada, , , ~ 5 by coun- brtween British possessions and foreign countries : — tries, 1885- ^ ° 1889. VALUE OF EXPORTS, THE PRODUCE OF CANADA, DURIXc THK YEARS 1885 TO 1889, INCLUSIVE, SHOWING THE COUXTKlKS 'fO WHICH EXPORTED, AND DISTINGUISHING BETWKEN BHITISH POSSESSIONS AND FOREIGN COUNTRIES. MINE. t • Countries. 1885. 1880. 1887. 1888. 188!), British Possessions- Great Britain 485,408 15.5,251 10,077 589,832 140,128 10,752 2,550 2,405 29(> 477,722 135,073 4,379 I,6i7 $ 478,200 140,222 1,897 2"i84 400 o--. Newfoundland I."i3.311 4.131) British West Indies " East " " Guiana . . 1,244 702 " Africa Australia 120 Gibraltar 400 Total 058,100 752,029 018,191 029,023 ■>8(),4!tS Foreign Countries — United States 2,898,518 7,277 3,115,09(J 15,920 1,930 11,428 15,315 3,08.5,431 4,932 3,341,308 1,%0 3.7.')3 .Til Spanish West Indies Danish " 7,1)40 Sandwich Islands Saint Pier»e 19,440 17,357 830 27,064 15,040 3,384 875 7,839 10,312 1,432 10,570 340 40,053 2,970 17..SHII 1(! .■)(i4 Belgium (', (xxi Mexico 1,500 10,118 Sjmin Germany 32,870 311 930 *224 808 22,294 3,010 43,452 1,240 lo.S,")!; France 5 isi Denmark Sweden and Norway Central American States. . 322 494 l,2(Xi Argentine Republic China 432 2,400 12,950 Portugral 800 3,277 2,754 4,200 U. S. of Columbia 7'.N) Morocco Russia in Asia Japan 5,250 40,180 4,00(1 Total 2,981,437 3,199,118 3,187,7<58 3,481,914 3,s3S.(;;2 Grand Total 3,039,537 3,951,147 3,805,959 4,110,937 4,41i),17(i Sweden only. .1 I: TRADE AND COMMERCE. VALUE OF EXPORTS, THE PRODUCE OF CANADA, &c.-Cmitin ucd. 201 % 422.3.M lo3,311 4.131) FISHERIES. COLNTKIES. Britisli Possessions — Great Britain Newfoundland British West Indies " Africa ' ' Possessions in China Mauritius Briiish (Juiana Possessions, South Atlantic Australia Gibraltar Total Foreign Countries — United States. , Sjianish West Indies. . , French " Danish Saint Pierre (ireece Brazil I ruguay France U. S. of Columbia. Spain Pi irtugal Italy Belgium Madeira Norway and Sweden. Cliina.;. Sandwich Islands. . . . (ierniany Havti. Central American State.s. . . Argentine Republic Chili I'ortuguese Possessions in Africa Denmark St. Domingo Total. (Irand Total . 1885. 1,543,014 14,!)4() 1,152,8G8 97,438 81,193 11,740 2,901,199 3,.5G0,731 718,9.56 130,2*5 .38,2(i3 1,014 293,022 595 .32,350 7,910 125,41(i 132,507 10,203 700 1,94S 2,907 15 2,030 1886. 1,586,771 2,405 919,330 100,806 20 38,978 2,648,.S10 2,587,548 027,5()3 80,010 18,242 1,926 340,315 232,667 195,()65 101,130 1887. 1,704,190 15,529 820,849 125,165 59,646 2,725,379 2,717,509 641,024 49,295 16,199 547 414,08(5 " 80^866 102,663 105,881 2,485 1,250 1,769 2,895 648 335 1,290 5,058,802i 4,195,078 7,960,001 6,843,388 1,340 11,808 8,733 480 4,150,431 6,875,810 1888. 1,544,901 27,705 l,130,i:iO 500 125 200 118,979 1889. 130,63< 2,953,17; 3,123,853 919,953 47,073 18,988 10,934 7,804 330,455 1,200 173,082 4,462 7,864 126,492 52,168 676 450 554 2,634 7,113 1,100 3,151 4,840,00(> 1,249,928 1,509 l,248,a53 13,452 152,514 157,932 2,824,188 2,839,988 791,074 15,574 37,378 14,928 320,351 i4'5jii 10,405 11,100 119,40«) 57,684 4,05<) 2,700 650 21 3.55 11,200 1.860 3,106 481 4,388,020 7,793,183 7,212,208 ::■* f ♦4 ■■'■ m • ■rl' '\' ■ J f ■ * mm.. ■i;. . •: ,:J||.. !li ■; ■■f i' m i I- I! } h ni; Li 'w. J. liJiJjJIi I' I! 4 202 CHAPTER IV. VALUE OF EXPORTS, THE PRODUCE OF CANADA, kc-Cantinml. FOREST. COUNTHIES. 1885. 1886. 1887. 1888. 1880. British Possessions — Great Britain 9,577,581 100,879 206,494 $ 10,899,727 61,997 150,840 5,650 27,110 33,609 12,268 148,592 9,445,491 45,988 157,889 $ 8,932,177 36,076 197,405 8 10,1!t7,529 44,103 184, 4'J!) Newfoiindland British West Indies ' * Possessions in South Atlantic British Africa 28,049 81,677 17,380 187,011 12,646 40,670 8,129 126,049 '* Guiana 35,491 180^885 83 41,834 Gibraltar Australia 3:^5,207 Labrador Total 10,179,071 11,339,793 9,836,862 9,382,117 10,803,172 Foreign Countries — United States Spanish West Indies French " Danish " .. .. Dutch " 9,355,736 51,797 5,150 142 8,545,406 56,176 5,315 1,356 9,353,506 62,537 1,540 331 6,309 1,606 2,122 21,606 10,622,338 72,223 1,798 4,309 11,043,023 125,02(1 1,034 5,'J25 " Guiana 5,496 4,008 30,115 8,338 Hayti Saint Pierre U. S. of Colombia 30,578 32,804 2)»,H18 7"l'l Santo Domingo 1 i(4") Brazil 16,318 20,991 13,098 144,627 «5«)(»,(i86 252,199 748 123,841 32,917 18,242 4,980 6,064 26,388 36,430 549,037 214,251 714 52,534 44,971 12,833 38,073 33,828 150,965 46(J,186 250,248 665 70,420 42,247 1,729 1,060 16,994 108,592 69,516 623,800 134,249 1,633 42,990 2J>,329 6,083 13,118 31,113 «7,137 73,787 5<)0,!)5») 117,2711 G,411 l,ti00 40,615 100 Peru Chili UruBTuav Argentine Republic France . . Germany Spain Portugal Belcrium Austria o5 Morocco 20,230 14,948 3,688 11,!)08 Madeira Zanzibar 10,178 16,141 16,751 la) China French Possessions in Africa 5,621 5,419 49,434 13,576 36,280 12,215 56.775 4,846 23,009 11,774 4,366 53,868 5,075 Mexico . 5,603 Spanish Possessions in Africa 3,832 1,701 7,587 2,148 3,586 13,566 13,641 Portuguese Possessions in Africa 1,324 Holland 16,790 1,101 French Possessions, all other 28,081 2,398 5,589 Italy 8,0(}5 18,253 7,471 19,690 22,728 2,358 Japan 3,514 itimtdj. 188!). 8 10,1!t7,529 44,103 I84,4!il) 41,a34 3i3i-i,207 10,803,172 11,043,023 12r),02ti 1,034 5,'J25 21),«18 7!)!) l.'.tW 13,118 31,113 67,137 73,787 560,y5t) 117,27!! 6,411 1,()00 46,615 100 55 16,751 13.5 53,808 5,075 5,003 13,641 1,324 1,101 2,358 3,514 TRADE AND COMMERCE. VALUE OF EXPORTS, THE PRODUCE OF CANADA, 8ic.—aontinuc 864 10,920 San(l\vit:h Islands 5,324 Total 10,810,637 20,989,708 9,694,818 10,647,884 11,920,697 12,239,836 (irand Total 21,034,611 20,484,746 21,302,814 23,043,007 ANIMALS AND THEIR PRODUCE. ikitisili Possessions — ({reat Britain Xewfmindland Britisli West Indies. " (riiiana Australia Labrador 17,979,895 399,320 15,«»7 1,422 Total. Foreipi Countries — United States Danish West Indies Spanish " .Saint Pierre Mexico U. S. of Colombia Brazil (ierniany Belgium Japan Austria France Italy China Central American States 18,395,734 6,789,562 3,082 57 55,198 2,710 78,333 11,600 320 178 220 110 14,814,672 368,040 14,914 335 15,197,961 6,742,789 1,309 55,806 66,078 Total... :iran(l Total 6,941,370 640 850 16,315,474 415,212 7,804 655 16,739,145 7,291,369 3,791 156 62,855 16,571,072 372,295 12,977 753 220 16,227.060 308,013 21,662 28 r50 16,957,317 7,595,743 5,386 55,540 16,557,513 7,137,006 1,227 «i39 <54,581 74,5821 74,875 107 62 . 50,649 450 248 15! "i49 52,920 ' " ' "875 1,415 iH>,280 30,900 791 2 33,820 533 6.867,472 7,507,792; 7,761,980! 7,337,194 25,337,1041 22,065,433, 24,246,9371 24,719,2971 23,894,707 AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTS. British Possessions — (ireat Britain Newfoundland 6,502,7(53 317,486 94,873 7,729,264 746,441 107,808 150 38,076 9,438,408 821,652 132,814 4,292,(540 5!H>,693 76,800 3,674,055 385,258 British West Indies . " East Indies 105,173 " Criiiana 36,666 38,380 4(),220 350 2.3,413 Labrador iMX) Total 5,951,788 8,621,739 10,431,254 5,012,703 4,188,799 2oa *• ■ ''I '■I.}-:- ]■' ■ '. m-r- ["■ '/| ■;"' -fl ■I ..., « • » ■ :<:■•■■;■ 11; '.•.■,■- -Ill • ,1 — r i^,. •'■> ;^i t'^ i^ i: ! ■ -4 m 1 . i :i ^{'^■- 204 CHAPTER IV. VALUE OF EXPORTS, THE PRODUCE OF CANADA, kc-Conluuml F.= ■ .. * *, • •. ■4 ' ■• ? ^■/ k' * ■ « •, . '--. i : ■ ,, • ■ ■• ■' * ■ Countries. 1885. 1880. 1887. 1888. 1 NS'I, Foreign Countries — United States .> Si)anish West In,279 0,398 4,368 20,934 1,702,894 242,140 45,827 1,190 2,848 25,907 1,07!)..35m Newfoundland 255 (i;ri British West Indies " East Indies »;,3',»; Ml "• Guiana Africa " India 4,415 0,949 3,498 140,393 19,000 2.217 1 1,3(11 Australia 72,0<)8 3,720 82,42«) 58? 132,948 2,186 244 l()4.(iS4 New Zealand 4iS,s;j'' Labrador Gibraltar 342 42 '.'1 Total 1,75(>,020 1,135,741 4,048 277 8 35,05(5 1,395 1,345,992 1,. 590, 424 2,210,197 1,632,025 5,ajO 771 2, 2(H). 4 J.) Foreign Countries — United States 1,207,3.5«) 10,281 2,425 106,646 218 1,280,052 14,752 42«3 29 33,987 226 I,822,!t4^ Spanish West Indies Danish " French " 17,4s,) (;ii7 Saint Pierre 04,300 3,021 57,(i(i"i Mexico 5,2Nl 1 ; I mt'iuifil. l.SS'.l. !t.i2:),7i>; I.imh; ) 22,521 i" I'.WT J 17,011 21,H2s i i70 5 24.S 2 (144 3,3111 104 7^ '.>.225„3VJ k) 13,414,111 1 >4 l,()7!).3.V.i 10 25.'),o:i) 17 %,^% 10 HI »S' 2.217 )7i 1 1,3111 1 .. 4.S 104,0X4 W 4,S.S32 44 iO !t7 2.2(Mt.4rC) 25 1,822,1I4< 501 17,4s,i 71! iiii; . . ! 4,in"' 21= 5,2S1 TRADE AND COMMERCE. VALUE OF EXPORTS, THE PRODUCE OF CA^ADA-Conchukd. Countries. piirpipnrmmtrieM— (7(mic/m 3,030 "'5i4 48 1,424,881 3,181,iV)l 0,000 oi3 2,100 4,341 !I0 10,741 4,0<'>0 28,443 307 30.783 44,353 itO i,oi3 1888. 80 1,688 31,647 217 42,140 0.570 37,280 1,478,145 730 10 1,476 107 4.52 10,000 23 1,055 1,480,548 600 82,013 10,104 4,308 oiis' 6,022 526 001 524 808 52 750 1889. 8 .5,740 1,310 1,720 l.S8,0O8 21»,476 25,091 1,072 102,322 350 10 8 2,685 311 4 1,045,085 432 8,315 5,681 121 "82 1,625 2,234,404 2,824,137 3,070,072 4,161,282 4,434,949 205 *Xorway only. 264. The preceding table gives the several quantities ex- proportion ported to individual countries, and the next table gives tbe*^*^'*^^^ proportions in each class exported to the various countries exports to (luring the same period, distinguishing between Great Britain countries, iiiul other British possessions and the United States and other foreign countries. ) -• C-:- ^f: !"■ m:\ m ;fn. !•;■ "i :if il k I'll 206 \r- m:'-' CHAPTER IV. PROPORTIONS TO TOTAL VALUE, OF ARTICLES, THE PRODlT'K ov CANADA, EXPORTED TO BRITISH POSSESSIONS AND FOHfi-v COUNTRIES, RESPECTIVELY, DURING THE YEARS 1885- iss)''^ MINERAL PRODUCTS. COfNTHIES. Great Britain Other British Possessions. United States Other Foreign Countries . . 1885. 1886. Per cent Per cent 13 34 4-74 71»04 228 14 93 410 78 80 211 1887 Per cent 12-55 3' 6!) 81 07 2 09 1888. l.S.S!l. Per cent Per cent 11 03 3 07 81-28 342 .3TkS S4!I3 PRODUCTS OF THE FISHERIES. Great Britain . . Other British Possessions . United States Other Foreign Countries. . 2479 14-85 39-52 20-84 19-82 18-07 40- 09 22 02 17-3.'< 21 S^ 21-47 PRODUCTS OF THE FOREST. Great Britain Other British Possessions . United States Other Foreign Countries . . 45-03 51-82 40-11 41-93 2-87 2 09 1-91 2-11 44-57 40 03 45-00 49-80 0-93 5-40 6-32 10 ANIMALS AND THEIR PRODUCTS. Great Britain Other British Possessions . United States Other Foreign Countries . . 70-90 07 -13 67-29 67 04 1-04 1 74 1 75 1.50 20-80 30-50 30-07 30-73 0-00 0-57 0-89 07 44 ai 2-(;3 47'!I2 5 1!l 07 111 las 2it-,s; 0',S4 AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTS. Great Britain Other British Possessions. United States Other Foreign Countries . . 37-90 43 78 r^-13 27-81 3-07 5-0<5 5-27 4-00 57-81 49-58 42-32 60-77 1 20 1-58 2-28 70 27-.'?!l 3-,S4 (18 -03 (1-74 »L\NUFACTURES. Great Britain Other British Possessions. United States Other Foreign Countries . . 41-98 30-3(5 41-24 42-37 13 23 11-30 10-40 10-89 35-70 42-75 41-85 39 22 9-09 9-59 6-51 7-52 37 s; 11 -T.-) 41 10 !C2.S The largest portion of the products of the Mine, the Fisher- ies and of Agriculture go to the United States, and of pro- ducts of the Forest and of Animals to Great Britain, the pro- portion of Manufactures being about the same. Barley forms TRADE AND COMMERCE. 207 13 44 a; 1 2(13 W) 47 112 10 r)i!i )4 (17 ',11 )<> V3,s '3 2!l',S7 57 (i',S4 <1 27-311 >() 3-,S4 1 (18 03 '(> (»-74 $7 37 s; «) ir7.) 52 41 10 )2 !f2,s the largest portion of agricultural products exported to t}\o rnitcd States. 265. The following table gives the value of domestic exports Kx, ^ u> to foreign countries in 1870, 1878 and 1888. couiltries, m\TEMKNT SHOWING THE COUNTRIES TO WHICH GOODS, THE PRO- SiJSJ** DICK OF CANADA, WERE EXPORTED, AND THE VALUE AND "^"^ I'KOPORTIONATE VALUE OF THE SAME, IN THE YEARS 1870, 1S7N AND 1H88. COINTRIES. (Jreat Britain., rnitfd Stiitfs. rrantr (ienuiiny . Holland. . Bi'l|?iiiin . Aiixtriii. . Russia . . . >|iaiii Purtugal Italy Xiuway and Sweden. (Jrt'fce Ciiina .Taiian lintish We.st Indies . . Spanish " Fivnch Danish Dutcli 15ritish Guiana Brazil Ciiili l\ Aigintine Republic riWiay Mfxico British East Indies Xewfo\indland ,St. Pierre Sandwich Islands Australia New Zealand (iibraltar Madeira British Africa Labrador British North America Pro- vinces South America Otlier Countries Value of Exports, Domestic, 1870. 21,160,987 31,734,(i()0 278,420 15,535 6,735 13,598 Per- cent- age. Value of ExiK)rts, Domestic, 1878. 35 84 53 75 47 003 01 002 Per- cent- age. Value of Exix)rts, Dom«'stic, 1888. 35,861,110 24,381,009 341,891 111,317 53,760 49,998 11,610 52 75 36-86 50, 16, 0-081 007 002 » I 33,648,284 40,407,483, 382, 651 1 192,7731 Per- cent- age. 41-35 49-65 47 24 85,082 58,322 150,006; 014 10 25 1,512,780 1,280,268 167,830 27,368 1,320 166,654 51,861 2,958 91,711 38i891 14,928 1,425,520 340,693 419,463 2-56 2 17 0-28 004 0-28 0-09 0-01 0-16 007 03 2 41 0-58 0-71 Total 59,043,590 10000 67,989,800i 10000 81,382,072 10000 47,816 104,028 151,861 133,188 0-07 015 22 20 102,517 0-15 1,926,253 1,035,461 246,003 (59,350 5,930 189,289 2 83 1 52 0-36 010 001 0-28 38,838 852 1,838,656 135,189 24,689 366,728 13,058 3,178 25,4 20,9J»6! 18t»,573| 65,391 1 .53,504 219,152 13,8631 681 444 sJ0,282 13,779 i 14,258! 544 1 33,7491 3,783! 7,059 740,495 30,116 9,314 21,671 317,8161 2,59(5! 2(>,7!K5! 2,840 4,424 6,702,114 625,9001 24,267 13,258 lll,488i Viiluf, ISSl). 21,7.V) 17."),(i,s(; •'<7,i):'2 2.")0,47H 13,1211 23 374 !MI,,-)(11 14,403 ll,.-)44 37:) 3(5,421 4,472 2,878 738,471 14.723 8.1I1I2 13,2S3 313,5:il 4,3(13 25,303 2..")!ll 4,141 5,3(;!t.li;2 1,4(17,812 72,805 (),]ll!l 89,11)2 TRADE AND COMMERCE. i;i;l-ATIVK VALUKS OF AKT[CLK8 IMPOHTKD, &t'.-Co(i " r)iitt(iii> CaiKllt'^ •. ;••••.■ Calif iir rattiui, Hplit or otliwwise nianu tad (1. ('arnai:ts, nil kiiuls. ('aiTiai.'fs, [larts (if. . (■ai|«ts ('a>t"^, i('«i'l, iiiifl watc'li-eaHen, &(• ('tlliilnid. niouldt'd into sizes for handlt-s ipf knives, forks, &c' ri'iiicnt Chalk. , Chic, in Cidrr Clucks and clock springs . . . Ciial and coke _. .' Ciial tar and coal pitch CdC'dii matting Cociia nuts, ••ocoft paste, &c Cdtfcf... CjIIius, oiffs and shirt-fronts, linen or t'dttoM Cdiiilis Copper, and manufactures of Ciinlajje of all kinds Cotton, and umnufactures of Craiies of all kinds Cnicihles _ ._ Dni^fs, dyes, chemicals and medicines. . . Earthenware and chinaware Electric and galvanic batteries '• light, apparatus for Embroideries Emery wheels Essences Excelsior for upholsterers' use Fancy gowls Felt.. Fertilizers Fireworks Fish, fish oil, &c Flax, hemp and jute, and manufactures of Fruits and nuts, dried " green 14 (JUK.VT liHIT.MN. Value, ISHH. 2,2H2 SI 27,4!t7 21,420 70 l!»,r)0!l 2,!MW r)r>,08« l,7!t4 2;!0 i(;!i,i4;} i,22;< 3,2r)H 47 12,77a 204,105 3,8 3,32t),324 104,021) 43" 558,412 178 2,580 13!),477 70 504 1U2 1,247,415 2,8(i4 431 «7 4(5,828 1,304,280 222,831 150,G02 Value, lH8!t. 3,128 34 24,213 118,5;W 14,272 38 23,il31 (i,(;i2 85,422 3,i)23 88(i 171,353 1,081 3,348 280 13,!U4 17!t,(i(J0 5,812 4,857 3!»,7(»5 448 21,it1H) 3i»,5(>7 4!»,003 !»,011 3,457,847 !I5,2(H» 32<.> 317,1M;8 527,004 1,018 14,725 110,105 114 501 l,2i>8.172 2,(»0() 1,084 037 4(5,737 1,415,415 180,113 130,(580 I'MTKIt ST.VTKS. Value, 1H88. 5,823 1,074 34,3;53 81,832 11,230 8,134 148,438 40,707 1,800 1,031 040 l."),88i( 3,52(5 871 3,833 104,3(53 3,57(5,447 32,000 (512 54,8(10 130,472 X'aliie. 188! I. 11,.'>23 .■>(;o 33,153 8.5,704 7,701 (i,:i(ii 322,187 47,(.72 5,058 1,711 (108 0,(141 3,518 01(5 2,573 107,883 3,34.5,04(5 25,!»83 (118 57,45(5 83,870 18,77(1 1(5,793 18,350 1(5,258 7(1,!M13 107,(K»5 (17,135 (11,755 7(11,(123 (172,14(5 o 238 4,370 1,170 (517,5(55 015,01(5 58,(50(5 (12,477 20,314 17,237 142,(531 180,485 8,701 10,012 3,022 3,812 1.222 1,776 1,302 1,.540 240,351 250,158 0,312 8,898 12,025 12,139 9,297 8,933 493,085 430,028 31,189 48,743 220,385 247,04(5 510,405 419,(103 * 4.; , ■•*.■ « m .Hi:, a 1; % w 210 CHAPTER IV. RKLATIVK VALDEH OF ARTICLKS IMrORTED, kc.-Contlnual. '-■ •m Ahticlkh. Di'TiABLK {.iooMn—Cvntinmd. " in cans or pac-kaf^eH Fnri, and nianufacturea of GlasH " (iloveH and inittH, excej)t leather (iol(] and Bilver, niannr.iC'tureH of (itreaHf , axle, &f (luniit)wder and other exploHiveH Gutta |M>rcha and Indian niblxT, nianu- facttireH of Hair, and nianufactureH of HatH, cap8 and bonnets Hay Honey HopH Ink, writing " printing Iron and steel, and niannfaotures of Ivory, nianufactureH of •Tellies, jams, and niai nialade Jet, manufactures of Jewellery, of gold, silver or other nietal, or imitations of . . Lead, and manufactures of Leather, and manufactures of Lime Litho^aphic stones, not engraved Machnie card clotliing Magic lanterns Malt Extract of malt for medicinal puriK)8e8. . Marble, and manufactures of Mats and rugs, all kinds Metal, and manufactures of Musical instruments, and parts of Oils, coal and kerosene, &c., refined, and prixlucts of Oils, all other ( )il cloth Packages Paints and colours Pa|>er, and manufactures of Pickles, sauces and cai)er» of all kinds , Provisions, viz.: — Butter Cheese Lard ... Bacon and hams, shoulders and sides Beef Pork Meat, all other Okrat Britain. Value, 1888. 8 525 4(W,722 2)>2,()22 274,2117 «»7,J*)3 101 23,420 224,ir)«» 70!».345 H4 32, 4(H) 1JM87 2,(175 4,.33!t,237 347 21,2(>5 3(J7 124,482 248,180 4()0,53!» Value, 188U. 323 341,778 3;m,3()2 221M03 7!>,570 35,787 321,!N;3 7,7(i5 702,457 (i 11,388 1,837 5('iO 157 023 ;i8,o(w 117,70(} 23,(>;i4 153 4.37,583 158,220 100,513 344,052 4;«»,lli> 100,707 707 2,250 3,012 2,105 l,40i> 2,l(i9 8,374 38,(W1 17,852 2,010 4,834,751 70 27,383 174 123,105 205,175 300,".)(»8 27 1 10,805 1,140 1,373 53 1,135 30,1 1)7 !H>,800 21,352 32 348,(W1 1.53,453 110,031 316,8«)7 407,4(i2 05,575 431 3,242 219 813 723 15 6,J»97 I'^NITKI) HTATKft, Value, 1888. 8 2(i,508 150,001 431,800 12,515 122,010 15,707 (50,(517 563,853 23,812 55(5,!I!N! 12,314 2,224 33,;«8 14,428 42,213 4,107,r)O4 m 3,305 3( 330,080 1(5,028 824,210 7,537 5,112 13,1(50 !»72 27,2(55 3,205 88,;+i0 15,511 244,:«2 3(5(5,151 445,082 228,32j5 48,321 07,003 140,840 (5(53,(545 11,541 02,383 602,073 451,257 227,i«52 120,450 700,482 115,304 1S,S!). 22,8.32 i:r.„M)4 4-'l.4Hl I7.4:b ll!i,:p(;ti 1»,H,S7 7iMta-, 4!i.').22!i 21.072 ■">"';v.i2i ti,!i2:. 4.7."i;t ii>r),s:i;t 1"',774 4(i,7(i,-, t,4Hlllili 4211 2,7!W 20 33l,;fH4 l'),74!) 8;t!l,7:.,s :j,!I2:i io,4;{4 SIKi •'ii,;ji!i 2,.Vi;5 iis,ii« 1M04 2.")t;,!l44 37M,41(; 522,S2i; 2t;().ll!i 4(),7iKi 15.'"),4.Vi lir.,,1!)S (i(i;},")4ii l(»,31.i 143,S1S (127,001 (;42,4.s(; 335,1h:. 2()5,,S7.^ 1,024,0411 134,23.^ 'I i;C),:,!i4 4.".1,4«1 i7,4;tt 14,H,S7 70.'.l3,-. 4!l.\l.'2ii -'1,(»72 ti,'.i2."i 4,7:^f l").77l 41 1, 7(1,-, 4,4r)4,(ili'.i 4l'".i 2,7!W 211 ;wi,;iii4 ir),74!i 8;«i,7.\s ii,:tt; ;}.!i2:i i(i,4;ii Slid 2.n:,n !IS, l!i;i IS.KM 2r)(;,'.)44 a7s,4ii; r)22.s2i; 2t;o,ii:t 4(),7'.«i irM,4.M ii.\r,!is (;(i3,:)4i; 143,S1S ()27,(H)1 (142, 4Si; 335,l,s:. 2()5,H7."^ 1,024,0411 134,2:i>< TRADE AND COMMERCE. KKIiATIVK VALUES OF ARTICLES, IMPORTED, itc— Continued. 211 Abtiolkh. PlTIABLK GoOltM— Cone/ !«(/«•(/. Gkkat Rhitain. Valuf, 18H8. Suit SiimIs iind riK)tH Silk, liiiil inanufacturea of S(iap, all kindH S|>ict'H Spints iiiul wine Stiircli Stdiic, iiiul inamifactureM of S\it;iir MolasM'K C'oiiftitii>ii«'ry and migar candy T.'ti : • TinwiU'c, and all inannfacturcH of tin. TiihaicM) and eitfarn Titts, (iiiit and Mhade, vineH, &c TmiH'iitiiif, 8|iiritH of Val■ni^^ll Vtj.'ctalilt'.'* \V:itcln!<, and partn of WihhI and niatnifattnifM t)f WiKillfM niannfactnrfrt ... All (itluT dutiable goods Fhkk Gck>iw. Cii.ll, anthracite DiiuiumcU, miHet, and diamond dnnt or bort « Salt, Lcigs, and round unnuuiufactured tiinlxr, X.KS Lumlx r and timber, plank and lx>ard, siwn, not shai)ed, planed or iitlier- w \av manufactured Hmscs (improvement of wtock). . . . Cattl.' " " .... OthiT animals " " Horses and nuiles (settlers' effects) Cattle (settlers' effects) Hristles KgKs Furs, skins of all kinds, undressed . (irease for use of soap stock Hide.s Silk, raw \ViK)l, unmanufactured. * To 4th April, 1888. m 8 3;<,S77 2,448,075 '2S,M\ 182,W>7 312,222 18,7r)«i 21»,0H4 71,(HMJ 150 47,093 Value, 1881). 23,383 27.410 25,511 305,402 1!>,()31 «w,333 53,lilO 86 40,908 8,054 5,8<« *2,43(> 224, .535 20,5«>5 8,2«W 19,975 42 114,()3!» 205 35,018 309,902 5,21 11,089 63 24,021 (>,)>93 18,878 (57,008 9,557,5<}9 330,703 24,415 40,878 2(t3,208 31 2,283 201,031 10,715 17,479 15,002 29 117,55K) 47,1M)8 24,4(J1 409,030 IFnitki) Statks, Value, 1888. Value, 1889. 8 11,575' 321»,400 124,818 (i3,8(U( 39,153 09,0,35 19,891 140,125 750,249 126,32«J 41,443 117,335 83,51H}i 84,073 •27,387 , 179,497 01,731 1.52,721 417,932 1,22.3,772 142,370 921,842 5,287,583 81,922 2,700 10,119 59,592 121,1J>2 70,949 53,773 «MU23 3.5,427 1.15,882 490,058 238,215 59,120 73,9.37 85,972 91,245 ' i04^«'..56 57.«'.22 144.194 40.3,011 1,.518.013 131,219 l,02»i,a!l5 5,175,000 17,808 3,928 279,872 358,797 54.5,540 241,2.53 53,830 0,504 .5,710 300 48,0;«) 72,042 240,380 110,387 l,.5»i5,20«) 104,708 543,004 510,010 2.54,227 27,275 1,311 41,459 91,172 299,411 173,405 1,521,4!«» 112,287 098,007 I , . 4 '■4 212 If" , '^-ji .?>. *;'■ I !. I. s 1 1 V 1 ; CU AFTER IV. RELATIVE VALUES ()]•' ARTICLES IMPORTED, &c.—Concf,„l,,l. Articles. Fkkk Hoods— CmUinuLd. Gkkat Britain. Value, l.s,ss. 772,7!»0 104 *l,l(i7 2,5!»8 2(),7!>1 2,0iH 4!»8,748 1!)3,033 Broom corn Fruits, green Hemp, undreHsed Trees, shrubs, ])lants, vines, &c Tobacco luimanufactured, for Excise. . . . Seeds Bells for churches Cotton waste '!» wool Drugs, dyes, chemicals and medicines, &c Nets ami seines Lines and twines (xutta percha, crude, Indian rubber,; unmanufactured Jur.h and oivkum .lute cloth, for the manufacture of bags only Metals, iron . and steel, &c., and manu- factures of Newspapers, magazines and weekly liter- ary i)ai)erfi, unlx)und Oils, cocoanut and palm Rags, for the manufacture of paj)er Veneers of wood and ivory, sawn only . . Woollen rags Articles for the use of the Dominion (Tovernment, &c Articles for the use of the Army and Navy Coffee, green, N.E.S Paintings, oil or water colour Settlers^ effects Tea, black, green a:.d .Japan ... 1,218, 4!)8 Coin and bullion, except United States silver coin 131,077 Sjiecial exemptions, articles of j 283,223 All other free goods ! 3ti«>,!>7!t Value, I88i». UXITKI) St.\Tk.s, Value, 1888. lit,553 42,7ft8 104,782 2,507,358 18,783 13,370 22,877 !»,871t 54,iM0 350,754 57,25!) 230,(>30 24,153 40y,!«>7 7t)3 (57 J)88,(>5(> 4,(»88 l,5iK! 0,042 12,r>04 3(;,77!» 13,117 5»1,!»81 S 125,«0!» *iri8,175 272,135 *73,358 1,441,705 *(i8,224 17.2.33 85,()30 3,108,431 027,420 Valu.., issii. 197,2J>4 I 21i»,480 J 32,071 43,408 283,205 3,377,570 22,7(53 11,240 33,807 t5,782 54,033 449,030 117,733 103,{M)0 05,(532 1,443,482 (5(5,200 23,42(5 453,338 Total i 30,433,617 42,240,555 i I 5(57,401 13,548 13,138 500,874 54,710 72,073 110,012 15,402 20,242 224,!X>9: 5,278; 141835 1,248,002! 2i:.,417 l'-'l.'.!i,S!i 1,-'NL',4IK| ■'")tis,.'")(i;j l.S.\4H-l 3,r);i!i,4.-,7 til.S,!l!l,S (>3M,()!),S 703, loi; 5.'),050 70.IMI3 .s.s,74;{ +22,242 1S,4»; lit7,!»47 4,2",),^ '24i223 1,371,733 2,041,552 1,555 819,(595 .508,021 t),404 8!»8,(I7(; 55,513,790 5(5,3(58,!tiK} * From 4th April, 1888. + Ivory only. It may be remarked that many articles of import, which are really the produce of South America and the West Indies, are credited to the United States, from which country they are bought at second hand. TRADE AND COMMERCE. 213 Utilnl. S'lAlKs. Viiln,., •iU.S'.ls L'i:),417 12'J,!l«!l 1,2.S2,4(H) 5(;H,r)03 20,(;s(i 185,484 3,r,!i!l,4n7 tllS.llilS 237,;t'4 (i3S,0!IS 15,313 7()3.15(i 55,05(( 7t),!M;3 S.s,743 t22,242 1S,43(; 1!>7,!I47 4,2115 24,223 1,371,733 508,021 (),404 8!»8,07ll 5(;,3()8,!I!K) t, which t Indies, itry they KKLVriVE VALUES OF ARTICLES EXPORTED TO (iREAT BRITAIN AND THE UNITED STATES IN THE YEARS 1888 AND 188!». Articles. Grkat Bkitain. Value, 1888. Vahu", 188!). AsllfStllS Coal (;()ld-lit';iringqnartz, nuggets, dust, &c {jyiisuiu, crude oils, mineral, coal and kerosene Ore, antimony '• udpper and fine copper . . " iiou MaiiK'iinese 17,8211 77,584 Silv I'luisphates Stone and marble, unwrought ( hsters Lobsters, fresh canned Fish, all kinds Kisli oil Kiu's and skins of marine animals Asiies. [lot and iHjarl kvi'k, tanning yireW(H)il , HiHiji, telegraph, hop and other ixjles Iiosjs Lmulier Masts and si)ars Sliinj,'les and siiingle bolts Sleepers and railway ties Stave iKilts Sliooks, box and other Timber, scjuare Horses Horned cattle Swine Sheep Poultry and other animals Bones Butter Cheese , %«»*•• ■• 1' urs, dressed , " undressed Hides, horns and skins, other than fur Honey Lard Bacon .» Hams Beef 10,080 13,550 .350 8,352 5 345,002 50 ()10 .558, (Mil 848,01(i 17,070 115,.571» lOl.lMW; IH 750 0,.5!»4 0,430,11(0 l,!»8(i 25 5,120 20,540 74,451) 1,042 30| .3o: 1,1001 .322,200, 100 41M): 444,070 651t,«i«2| 18,333 121,500 84,032 538! 8,027i 0,071,100: 5,27(5 *240 705 15,400 2,300,281 3(5,750 4,123,873 211,881 1,1K»2 Mutton Pork Meats, cainied *Hhingle8 only. 014,214 8,834,!»07 2(52 75,00; 1,(500,(508 25,(534 8 (5,471 (528,3.32 21»,0(>3 1,075 320 188 124,575 14,004 3,100,070 2(5,975 4,lHt2,l(51 303,001> 1,127 174,027 8,871,205 1ft 27,738 1,3(5(5,215 7,070 8,192 .350,921 18,815 1,752 748! 28,841 1 United States. Value, 1888. 203,231 1,411,740 810,352 131,054 (50,(500 (597 132,035 .30,.505 10,.373 290,415 13,011 04,(587 143 109,024 482,(523 2,393,4(53 22,(J01 108,017 (5,782 240,.5(58 337,80(5 14(5,750 383,52(5 8,091,800 9,204 289,743 514,789 118,701 214,800 5,53' 2,402,371 (548,178 3,842 1,027,410 122,222 20,014 13,4(58 83,153 2,110,582 4,084 281,900 515,220 .330 459 9 85 2,(570 25,(542 417 2,:W3 Value, 1889. 8 290,979 1,937,752 (523,479 188,789 18,307 202,754 (50,259 29,027 1(57,105 .32,4(54 44,3as 224 110,8.35 490,504 2,07(5,403 3(5,043 1M),8(55 33,253 154,(599 3.39,990 9(),72(5 .5(54,(i2(» 8,2(55,004 2,528 *.3(58,312 4(50,703 122,(50(5 3(5.3,340 0,3(55 2,113,782 488,2(5(5 4,448 918,334 110,703 34,294 7,879 .31,473 2,150,725 3,7!M) 430,177 454,105 52 13 83 4 3,299 (5,0()4 1,019 756 ' p '. .-, ■ .'k ■«ll -^^^'•.:m|. '.'■■■ •1.- .t : ' h •• ■■■'■■i M\'^' #:% .! /: .*^w-FI■■ i-ir!.'*:>" I' ' ■ I. J.. ' -:■ 1 !»■, ! t 111 ■ 1 . 214 i'- U"'' v- <• •'■ ''^ ,, i . • CHAPTER IV. RELATIVE VALUES OF ARTICLES EXPORTED, kc—Conclwlal. Articles. Meats, all other, N.E.S Sheep T)elts Wool. Bran Flax Apijles Fniits, all other, g^een Barley Beans Oats Peas Rye Wheat (irain, all other Flour, wheat Oatmeal Hav Malt Potatoes .... Straw Vegetables, other . . Agricultural implements Books, pamphlets, maps, &c Carriages, carts, waggons, &c. . . . Clothing and wearing apparel ... Cordage, rope and twine Cottons ..:... £.\tract of hemlock bark Furs Grindstones Gypsum, or plaster, ground Sewing machines Iron and steel, manufactures of. . Junk and oakum Leather, sole and upper " manufactures of Lime and cement Musical instruments Oil cake Ships sold to other countries Starch Stone, wrought, and marble Household furniture Doors, sashes and blinds Pails, tubs, chums, &c Other manufactures of wood Woollens Fruits, dried All other articles of Export. ... Great Britain. Value, 1888. 97,721 31,163 520,754 5,282 700 1, 49,835 131,041 244,757 1,743 068,139 45,465 64,781 973 259 59,099 9,003 2,747 5.167 2,563 10,586 130,95/ 407,580 750 28,046 152,089 3,118 265,181 83,003 25 194,787 3,120 105,393 12,532 275 12,258 54,201 6,633 183,160 4,274 23 348,197 Total 33,648,284 33,504,281 37,323,161 36,44!>,288 Value, 1889. 18,561 470 54,237 1,277,577 " " 3,838 750 1,091,078 439,863 15 388,376 152,516 84,610 245 542 45,379 16,559 1,781 3,967 820 6,926 156,312 3,103 39,694 96,036 586,366 64,691 231,826 17,171 57,220 22,542 123 25,172 23,701 6,186 190,861 14,763 332,393 United St.\tk.s. Value. 1888. 36,324 20,776 223,125 16,548 80,207 284,252 39,387 6,488,317 124,214 9,019 351,365 14 633,438 10,944 20,172 1,810 800,622 154,145 957,570 14,414 93,102 8,018 23,936 10,528 41,566 20,416 57,459 317 2,8J>9 31,192 13,218 8,300 171,554 31,307 92 10,366 101,207 20,676 70,427 7,000 3,067 18,126 173,215 1,193 3,888 214,4.3i) 18,814 10,344 1,944,222 IKS!). ilS,0!t7 itija-) 21tl,!ll8 10,874 121,807 230,108 80,1!)S C,4r)4,003 405,534 0,72'J 312,(150 20,591 40,083 8,314 23,!KHJ 822,381 10.5,183 li)2,5"6 111,807 ()3,t)13 !»,730 20,681 22,058 4<»,563 5,602 127,80(5 3,758 23,488 42 9,135 95,786 25,5!H) 19,289 21,265 130,4!)3 30,783 45,920 15,500 6,-537 22,438 1(53,394 21.(543 3,345 222,130 11,300 2,502 2,12(5,956 TRADE AND COM lERCE. 215 18H!). !tS,0i»7 '^Hi,ill8 10,874 121,807 230,108 80,1!)K 6,454,003 405,534 6,72'J 312,ti5(J 2(i,m 40,083 8,314 23,i»(N) 822,381 105,183 192,576 l!t,807 63,613 S»,730 20,681 22,058 4!),563 5,602 127,806 ' 3,758 23,488 42 9,135 95,786 25,5!Hi 19,289 21,265 130,4i)3 30,783 45,920 15,500 0,537 22,438 163,394 21.()43 3,345 222,130 11,309 2,502 2,126,956 267. The next table gives the imports from and exports of imports Canada to the United Kingdom, other British possessions and ports of ^ ^ _ Canada by foreifiju countries during the year 1889, with the percentage countries, ()f the total amount in each case : — IMPORTS AND EXPORTS OF CANADA BY COUNTRIES, 1889. Countries. United States (ireat Britain (Jerinany France _ British West Indies 'Other _ " + " British Possessions. . . . Japan South America China Belgium Newfoundland and Labrador. Sjtain Holland Switzerland Turkey Italy Greece Austria Portugal Norway and Sweden Australasia Russia Denmark St. Pierre Other Countries Total Imports from. Value. 56,368,990 42,249,555 3,858,983 2,225,251 1,062,039 1,885,391 456,056 1,197,277 1,299,447 717,8«>9 537,526 488,985 406,015 405,393 169,194 135,292 155,490 169,.324 220,216 75,902 22,296 22!>,4«54 11,889 3,093 89,119 784,876 Per- centage. 115,224,931 48-92 36-67 3-35 1-93 0-92 1-64 0-40 1-04 1-13 0-62 46 0-42 0-35 0-35 015 012 13 0-15 19 07 02 0-20 001 0-08 0-68 100-00 Exports to. Value. $ 43,522,404 38,105,126 143,603 334,210 1,658,844 1,098,069 248,899 12,047 1,241,401 72,127 64,75(} l,30i»,201 13,526 1,222 15 Per- centage. 48 42 1 1 1 1 60,062 2*50 166,021 104,172 710,040 11,270 3,310 220,289 88,293 80 72 16 37 86 23 28 01 39 08 07 47 02 00 00 07 00 19 12 80 01 00 25 10 89,189,167 I 100-00 * Includes Danish, French and Spanish West Indies. +Not elsewhere specified. 268. The imports from Great Britain exceeded the exports Tradewith ^ ^ Great Bri- tliereto by $4,144,429, and the imports from the United States tain and were in excess of the exports to the same by $12,846,586, almost states. > ■-^i., -»■ ■i'Uf.iSfi 'f L' f ■ 1'^ It-'.- ■F .!* -J ^^.••^k.■ .1 sr-'''^''-yi r.v >■ >;.'•]>« ,i':-.ii .J,i 216 CHAPTER IV. ProjKjrtion of Cana- dian trade with United States to United States total trade. the same amount as in 1888. The trade with the United States showed an increase of $1,805,539, and formed 48*86 of the total trade, while the trade with the United Kingdom increased $836,080, and formed 39*31 per cent, of the whole trade, the two forming 88 per cent, of the total imports and export;? which was the same proportion as in 1887 and 1888. 269. According to Canadian figures our trade with the United States, exclusive of coin and bullion, formed 6*71 per cent, of their total trade, and according to American official figures 5*77 per cent, of their total imports were exports from British ^orth America (including Newfoundland), and W\l per cent, of their exports were imports into the same. There is, however, and probably there always will be, a large dis- crepancy between the two sets of figures, owing to carelessness in valuation of exports on both sides of the line. • Destina , tions of ' ■ • , ■ ■' . exiKtrts. ' ^^* ■ . ' ' "V f • ■■*.. 270. Almost all the exports went to the United Kingdom and United States, the proportion of the whole being 91*52 per cent., slightly lower than in 1888 ; and 5*95 per cent, went to New- foundland, South America and the West Indies, leaving onl}- 2*53 per cent, to bo divided among all other countries. The exports to exceeded the imports from seven countries only, viz., British West Indies, Newfoundland, Portugal, Norway and Sweden Australasia, Denmark and St. Pierre. The imports Trade with ffom British possessions were $44,486,098 and the exports to i^lSions the same $42,032,110,beinganexcessof imports of $2,453,988, and forming altogether 42*33 per cent, of the total trade, being precisely the same proportion as in 1888. 271. The next table is a comparative statement by countries This table has been Vahie of countries,"^ of the total imports in 1888 and 1889. 183"J.^" extended, and now gives particulars of the imports from every country were the value was over $100. 1* . TRADE AND COMMERCE. 217 nAirVKATIVE STATEMENT BY COUNTRIES OF THE VALUE OF * l>[PORTS INTO CANADA IN THE YEARS 1888 AND 188l». COINTHIKH. I'liiti'il States Civiit ]>ritiuu Fnintf • • • • • • • Spanisli W e.st Indies. Brazil .laiiaii .• • • Kntisl; West Indies China. Spanisii Possessions in Pacific Ocean IVlgiiiiii Xt.\vf(i\iiidlan(l Spain . . i Holland Au.^raliii Au.4ria ; Kritisli (Iiiiann ; (Jivi'ce j Switzi'i'land Italy British Kast Indies Turl British Afri St. Pierre Piirtugal Venezuela . . Dutch Kast Indies. Mauritius Siani . Xorwiiv and Sweden Cinh..' ..^ , French West Indies Russia Danish West Indies United States of Colombia Central American States Denmark •.•••. .• • • I'lirtngese Possessions in Africa. Hayti Peru 55,513, 7!H) 3!»,433,(il7 3,143,113 2,2(58,1411 3,02<»,8:^l 700,845 1,225,451 887,484 870,<)8() 4«8,(i78 487,308 42(i.774 383,807 35(i,2i»8 43,444 140,334 243,2(kS ir)0,701 104,224 l(;!t,447 132,303 128,428 13;i,8!»4 (i7,781 85,5()(i 10,087 34,8iM> 32,101 2.5,044 J»,241 8.232 11,(W3 13,24«) 3,77!) 3J>5' (M),753 Mexico Dutch West Indies New Zealand Sandwich Islands , . Otlier Countries ... Total 194 431 7,3»i8,!«M) 42,24J>,555 .3,858,083 2,225,251 1,85(),()51 1,217,305 1,107,277 1,0<52,0.30 7i7,8(;!> (»8(j,877 537,520 488,085 400,015 40.5,.303 220,404 220,210 205,130 1(>0,324 100,104 155, 4! K) 141,l!t7 135,2!>2 100,503 80.11!> 75,!M)2 75,210 48,140 " 4iMi4 22,200 " " " i7,85«y 11,880 10,081 5,207 4,.30«> 3,093 2,417 1,484 1,280 880 80n" 50,218 153,117 02,211 22,208 40,005 18(5,020 70*882 LS(>23 "38;i.38' 25,030 " " 8,894' (5,804 1.3,9.57 24,,39i 21,338 (55,129 9,(5(54 13,2.53 i5i370' 32,101 13,055 ()ii(57' ' (5! .30.5 5,297 3,911 '2!417" 1,484 1,28(5 (58(5 375 51 8(50 11.5,224,931 836 4,3:^),301 8,232 l!357' 57,(5(50 700 1.248 «.;■ «.. ■ ■' M »■• ■ > f ■ ■- •■:.r,- ■ * ■ I f ■ . • • ■ • f : M^"\: ■r •- ;. . ,,.•, - _. > i-.'iM- ,*'i'-,i'i i» ■< ** i ii '1 m ,1 i i- 1 f ' 218 CHAPTER IV. Increases and de- creases. *** Value of inijK)rts for home con- suiDption, 1888 an' 1889. r ! \- !' 272. There was an increase in the value of imports from 29 countries, and a decrease from 15, the largest increase boino- in imports from Great Britain, amounting to nearly three million dollars. There wab also a considerable increase in imports from Germany, the trade with which country has been steadily growing. The principal decrease was in imports from the Spanish West Indies, there having been a fallino- off in value of over one million dollars. As will be seen, however from the next table, this decrease was almost entirely in through imports, the value of articles imported for home con- sumption being only a little over $200,000 less. The imports from St. Pierre et Miquelon consist almost entirely of fish landed at !N'ova Seotian ports, and afterwards shipped cit of the country. 273. The next table is a comparative statement by countries of the value of imports for home consumption in the years 1888 and 1889. With the exception of the years 1882 and 1883, the amount imported for home consumption in 1889 was larger than in any year &.' ""e Confederation, and, as the table shows, was nearly seven million dollars more than in 1888. Of this amount over five million dollars was made up of increases from Great Britain and the United States, the increase from the former country amounting to 18,018,668, and from the latter country to 2,055,592. The other principal increases were from Germany, British West Indies, Brazil, Australia, and the Spanish possessions in the Pacific Ocean. The largest decrease was in imports from the Spanish AVest Indies, which has been already alluded to. A new line of steamers has been recently started between Halifax and the West Indies, and as it has been found that there is a good market and brisk demand for a number of things that Canada can supply, it is hoped that a considerable trade between those colonies and this country will be the result of the new venture. The value per head of population of goods entered for con- sumption in 1888 was $20.68, and in 1889, $21.66, being an increase '>f 98 cents per head. , . /I I' il TRADE AND COMMERCE. 219 roMPUiATIVE STATEMENT BY COUNTRIES OF THE VALUE OF IMPORTS FOR HOME CONSUMPTION INTO CANADA IN THE YKARS 1888 AND 188». COCNTRIES. Valuk ok Importh. I'nitwl ^f"'''*^'* (IreatBiitain Ormniiy • — France •• • • • •• Spanisli West Indies. Japan • ■ • ; ••• British West Indies. . China Brazil- Belgium....... XewfouiuUand . Si)ain Holland Sijanish Possessions in Pacinc Ocean Switzerland British (Juiana Italy ••• • (Ireece British Africa Austria British Kast Indies Turkey in Asia . . . Portugal Denmark .\ustralia Mauritius Siain Russia French West Indies Venezuela . Norway and Sweden St. Pierre et Miauelon Danish West Indies Chili Dutch East Indies Sandwich Islands New Zealand Dutch West Indies Central American States Mexico , United States of Colombia .\rgentine Republic Hayti Portuguese Possessions in Africa Other Countries 1888. 48,481,848 3!>,298,721 3,364,m)3 2,244,784 2,434,835 1,21«,47J» 818,393 012,2281 (581,4821 488,743 421,5<>9 3ir4,J»32 331, 791 I 256,12« 193,8381 182,&}7 180,720 148,343 133,894 133,»)0"J 132,103 120,r)47 74,.'>7(} «»,753 43,444 31,549 25,044! 12,103 11,(583 10,087: 8,973; o\575 3,08(5 2,1''2 1 JSd 700 666 S86 175 17 8! 1889. 50,537,440 42,317,389 3,()!>2r)70 2,228, t>83 2,207,793 1,193,705 1,073,841 770,833 1,131,059 530,740 488,1(51 407,2(58 413,080 90(5,314 1(5(5,890 182,143 12(5,124 150,847 109,.503 220,93(5 140,730 119,567 72,085 3,045 22J),4(54 Increase. Decrease. 2,055,592 3,018,608 328,007 255,448 449,577 41,997 (5(5,562 32,336 81,289 650,188 2,504 87,327 8,(527 186,020 21,105 11,889 17,850l 75,216: 22,555 3,143 1,624 82,9i9 51 846 4,306 439 5,297 2.% 1,484 2,647 1,656 102,847,100 109.673,447 (5,1(57 6,5,129 13,582 80,980 180 3,911 264 5,297 233 1,476 2,547 1,651 6,82(5,347 16,101 227,042 22,774 141,395 26,948 124 54,602 24,391 980 2,491 57,708 31^549 3,879 214 3,432 1,402 2,172 1^248 700 274. The following tables give the value of the imports into imoorts Canada for home consumption from the principal countries consump- in each year since Confederation, and for the .purposes of com- tion, 1868- parison the years are divided into periods of five, the total for ^^'' each period being given. ^■l.\*^^'--|': '^:.,^ \ u V J" < t>'^' ^-i^--. 1- - j ' r t ■ " ■ " ' i '■ ■ ■ ■;■; 1 ' • : 1 ' ■t ■ -•1 » il » -,i . t.i ft! I'l 220 lite:: ; 4 ■ ■ ! o o a O X o ^5 i >z a: o (<5 H 2C CHAPTFR IV. I- X o I- ■X. X o '^ •-? X fi M S r: "^l ? "5 *^ « 3? "^ •^_^iS X 1-.I-I X X X K V"i ^ fi ?i ^ •'J *^ ^^ 1—11 '5 ? 55 '?' I'- "-5 I- '• ?\^ ?5 IS c X o -r 1— M V) re 1— iS 1 "f x' -f rf -f cf -r '• 1* I-.?: "T X X -r X -r .-I ui c i~ \S I— I ^i i~ v; •r — <:; ri i~if; i~ •*■ •* |v "S* ^ J* "* '"^ ''''r^-r tc ^ 1^ 3J u-i i J iS f-H o ri "2 M 5 I- -.s S '^ f i 5 it § 5 =5 '- '5 15 — i- t- 555 ill 2J r', 3 Lr 2 1 - - '■a s «5 -i ■/■- "f Cli 3*5 i* t i-i -o -t M M jf i^ x' x 53 •^- » rf =f — ' -/ *■! p 1— 15 X ^ F-i i> *: j; z, w iR lO^ii 1-H -^^r-i ip 5". i -7. tT e' sf CO «£' Tf ic « x' — ■ M ir: i- f r. X n X rs X N ci o* o' -t q" £J I-*' x' I -T i>. 1-1 i-H I', in ^ Q -r H" ni 1-. fH ?-. i-< i-( ecio X i-"t x'-r i~ 3; X X Q W I'- I- 1-1 O I- «C O — « o X is cs X i^ irt 2 c 3;' o" c" sa »3 ao «' 1"' c:' -c' i^ 1 5 56 2S 3 '^ '- '- '^ i- O ac -r M X I'. I- ^ I - ^ ^ -t x'jfx 1- -M •i fj C". M O ■»♦• is Jl is 1^ c^ * ^i '^ ®, '^^ ''I *i ' 'l ^ .»? i-is'i-I'x'i-re'f i-I^'Tc'is' ;5S? .= c -t n i-*^ ^ r1 -f o iS TI 1" tr M 5 i^^i^'-i X • ec i- Q 1-1 c 1-1 1-1 ~ ! ** ■— i^ .■^ * »^ f?vl nr ■ I- X O . X C5'ri;{i-(c;xxc5ri x©iSi-ii-ixxoi-f" M « C5 W^C-. rt O^C'J -x.^ 1-H ej rf w i-f r-Ti-T i-T i r. 1 ~ I. c. ri -f f5S '5 an I- X f :r 5^ i: i-O ^ x'l-?frHrH t-i' .5 i '^ ^ > ^ *^ 5 t- « ^ ='5 X S 3. ■ -- ' ■<-> H 4; 4J 'v H' P'il w W S s o ?g 0-- I? w fl U T, 1-1 v: X r. 1-1 55 r. o X J: 2 I -. t W X 1* Vl S aj C •2-S cj is'E . g 3 = TS - J — r> r. p; ;< 1 X ^ — ^« ^ . ^m 1 ^ l- ^ («- •/. / _ — ■ .■■ • „ ,, ('. - 1 •- , • "' ■ •/« u H ■H T ■ Z 1^ i ■ !? /..^ -J V ^ ■i.z -/. A w - ■ il: ^ I , ^ :i r A -•X j _'•/: y'Z ' X 'J ..,7" i- ~> ••^ ^ — ^ ._ ^ •/.i^ IP, *. ♦ TRAP^ AND COMMERCE. 221 i'£ 'Ti - ■/, _^ i7. 1^ rl ^ ^ '•4 '■* ^ ■ ■s* K ' y •■• t ,^ ^ S ; X 7 :> ^1 : ., M ^' : •C =1 T» -*r - "T ■ — ■ • X . -r ■* ^ ^ i« it •"i* — . X i-Z — t^ i« , 1 ^ s?. 1* - -r. Si fix :! j: >.1 (M.- !^l ^ ;;> l-l > M» " 1.^ u. ' ■*< _ *i* •/.i^ §8 ^ 00 t-- H O '^ » T i2 2 t f- f^ «5 1-1 c. -J o « t- ct 5 c 3 ^„ ' ^ ^T ' "■ ''^» "^^ "*- ®^ ^l "^ I C x iC 0^ :a :s -o' eo rH x" ^ iM sc n; in -f o T- w ri ©x'iM'r-rcir-r(?r « iftf 00 1-1 so ?i ijf i^'T J'5^x_^^ n rt rJ 't i-^ 'A 'S ft\ fy Ci x3xXf^t-«^^^H •^ -t o — ^5 -/ I- M r. •-; c" — ' s' I - -' •£ x' s* c o" -r -^ C ?i M c >-•—'- -r I r CO C' 1-H c' x' x' ? f rf sf {■lei ^ ^- ? M •-£ s r. '4 iM S " I- 53 ■? f 1^ ^f 1 n x' cT «' -r -f i-T ■f — Lr M i) *-■ I' 'i I- 'i e. f I ^ rt c; o *i f5 fi o 12 M C! X I— 1-* X r IX -O-O 1-1 -.^ o s: o X IT o jv «2 «r, -^ -r 1-1 -f 1-1 S « ?. ?i M "' f CO rH •n' IM ri l~ in 1-1 1^ ;S?5'^ ^' CO I- r-i £ fH I, iM I- 2.1 S o N C-. © »n X t in r. « t>. © 1-1 ?: CO © c X in 1 i-i 3o © in I- m Ti -r ^ X 1- _. •© X — 'J'J r. ^ J-. -ri- ?? in *■ i-T >-• ©'■-fi-<'!M'^''i-r-i' © ^ ^t* i t- ^ 1-1 © OTT © in X "M i". ?"! in ?i CO f: -f ^ ^ I'n £) in 'i T- in 1-1 . X v5 © in rf ri in ^ ?i in CO ©. l-T "-^ T-! l-^ r^ <>\ r-i r^ yS CO' X I- -3[ m © © ^ © T" X © © ^ ^■M-rl-.l-COI-l-^'M © X X l-ji— ^l- '- ■- ~ X x'rr©rin ©'•TTf© x'l- i-©©i_-x^'t^55'-' •^_^-p I- ~,— ^-- — . i- — "^ CO©''t-J'rH M i-Ti-I CO -r in ij CO © 1 1- in in in '-I f ^ '"' im'© rfi^'w rfr4' eo' © 1^ j^ •.•s'5 S -2> 3 ^ Ix - - i, » !* 4> • rt ' r5 Wl Ld pi -Ti S PQ X ' U • -u • C : s • c : « 2? •a B I— 1^ 73 ' S •2 a I' T !R «« s 1 3 •E-S 5 ?1 i © X S ? c ij — — S 3 » §55 u •» I- 53 3 »•* .*>'■■% •■■.. -..;, ■ ■*•••■ , '■ill "l" •■'vl 222 GHAPTBR IV. Value of imiK)rtM '*•' 275. Out of the four periods into which the foreifoinu' talil.. imiK)rtM '■ , highest 18 divided, it will he seen that the aggregate value of imports 1873-1877. was largest in the period 1873 to 1877. Trade was very flourishing all over the world at the commencement of that period, and prices ruled high. If, however, the pricos of 1873 and 1874 had pievailed during the period 1883 to 1887. the aggregate value of the imports in those years would have been much the largest. The following table shows the pro- portions of imports from the principal countries to the total aggregate value of each of the same periods : — ProiDor- PERCENTAGE OF IMPORTS INTO CANADA ENTERED FOR CON. tions of ini- ixjrts from principal countries to total value, 1868-1887. SUMPTION FROM PRINCIPAL COUNTOIES TO AG(JRE(;aTK VALUE OF THE SAME DURING THE PERIODS NAMED. COIIXTRIKS. 18(W to 1872, inclusive. 1873 to 1877, inclusive. 1878 to 1882, inclusive. 1883 to iw;, iuehisive, (ireat Britain Ignited States France (iermany Per cent. .55-4(i 3508 1-78 74 0-83 1 • 15 1-70 Per cent. 48 13 44 24 r(w 05 1 0« 078 {>1 02 018 1 42 Per cent. 44 03 4«J18 1-74 83 148 1 .38 r.'>4 08 027 1-87 Per cent. 41 •:>.•> 4.'. IS is; 2 (HI Other Euroijean Countries British West Indies l!t> 1 4'l Other " i-,v> Newfoundland 0'4',i Other British Possessions " Foreign Countries B. N. A. Provinces 03 1 23 200 (»-,\s ;v(ii Total 10000 100 00 10000 KM) (HI Value of 276. A comparative statement of exports from Canada in e.xixirts, ^ ^ 1889.''"'^ the years 1888 and 1889 will be found below :— TRADE AND OOMMEROE. 228 »g tabic iniports I'aa very of that prices of to 1887, lid liaw' the pro- the total [•'OR CON. (JRKdATK ). IKS3 toi.ss;, iiidusivi'. Per cent. 41-2.-i 4:)iH 1S7 2(1!) I'.i-j 1 4!l r.vj (»4!l (C'tS ;vt;i 1(M)(NI aimda in f-OMPAKATIVE STATEMENT BY COUNTRIES OF EXPORTS FROM CANADA, 1888 AND 1889. COINTHIEH. rnitfcl States (Irtat Britain . .., (}ermany Francf... . ^.. liritisli NN ewt Indies •Other Wewt Indies Other British Possessions Japan Soutli Anienoa China Uelginni Newfoundland and Labrador. Sjiain Holhvnil .. . Switzerland Turkey Italy Vaix'K ok Extorth. 1888. dreeci' Austria PurtUK'al Xiirway and Sweden . Australasia Russia . Denmark St. IVnv Otlier Countries. 42,r)72,0<{6 40,084,084 liW,r)43 »>7,773 1,41»1,824 1,101>,(W2 240,343 5«>,437 1,D}2,32»} 7«,011 17,057 1,524,527 52,317 378 1,100 52() 55,090 7,8(H 4,971 155.821 82,()13 448,205 10,1(J4 1889. Increase. Decrease. 230,240 122,219 Total 90,203,000 43,.'>22,404 .38,10.5,12»} 143,*U)3 334,210 1,«58,844 1,098,009 248,81«> 12,047 1,241,401 72,127 04,750 1,309,201 13,520 1,222 15 8 960,339 S 167,020 !, 8,55«' , 60,002 260 16«5,021 104,172 710,040 11,270 3,310 220,289 88,293 89,189,167 47,699 '■"844" 4,972' 10,200 21,559 261,835 1,106 3,310 1,979,8.58 .54,910 63,563 ii",693' "44,3!>6' 20,925 3,884 2i5,32»V 38,7!>1 1,085 526 7,804 4,711 9,951 33,926 1,013,833 * Includes Danish, French and Spanish West Indies. 277. There was a decrease in value of exports to fifteen Decrea-se L'ountries, the largest decrease being in exports to Great Britain, exiH)rts. the value of which showed a decline of nearly two million dollars. Exclusive of the United States and Great Britain, the principal increases were in exports to Australia, British West Indies and Belgium, and the chief decreases in exports to Ncav- foundland, France, Germany and Japan. 278. The value of exports, the produ.e of Canada, during Values of the years 1868-1887, which are divided into periods similar to prlSuce of those in the preceding table of imports are given below. S^*i8«7. H"-t: 4 \^ i liili k: tl' ''\ -1 224 CIIAPTKR IV. '* ■ '■'. • 11 Si X » H T ai H ^ ai PH a /< ij ;>; H ai ;j^ ^ -^ j^ ** a •{ f— w ►-' h! S »^ o > N-^ S^ ;^ 2 ^ 1— 1 ai o H x^ t: ^ ?5 O o W biri *B H H -rl H 02 1^ ^j fe 36 93 o o X .': -j: -r I -. I - -r * j — _ -r 1 J I - 1 -T -r r.' c f 1 *' T i r' I *' 'k* fC w , 'JS ^- * '^ » ?t ^ I .- ' J t *i ?> ^ D tJ it *' ?5 ■JC I- -f « 1^ O ij 5 T i .v. II f b f. ■?! r- l-l-lj -J '• If ->: t-i -r ^; r. --< li 5 s»5 ?. " ?l C ■/. X r- - -• — ' \t 3 Tl « M f— I 1-1 .-I ©^ l£ « H s^ ;: l::^^ ^^ r. /-' i. I i5 ^' {■• -''ii:*K'(rf»^'L2'ii!.T a' (.^ I;: -^ Ci ^ ?-' -7 - « ^ 1- « -r — I - r^-r -Z Clf) i^S «• r. i-.-t< Iff -^ ri i-M i^_^r;_^ 2 ;? » ;£' ;■£' f ; K v« i^' £f t— I- ri K i": -f i '" I- iMM o i-i^i>.M r: ?i v; -MM !>. r ?. -^ r. "^ s I -. i;: •* -r •- — rl i~ li i-< I '^ 'T I '.c I >. 1 * jc cc :'. ■/, jc" 1-^ ^ '£ i\ ^ v^ "^ T-^ vi '^ ""^ ■*' i I- i- e ^ ?. ^ i^ " i- 5 •/ ! i- Zfi?. 4. ■-;.-■: ri !;*=; = I ; oc' :;' — ■■£ '4. ij- s' « i' ?i S "" ^ i^ oc c^cn^T^^f^^s: c Vi n .^ i j; §-** C'5'l'l'."i5'l>rx'i~''r-<'|-.-:' _■ I- ««^-— ^in-Z — i--r -r a '-T !z ST i.' — 5 -• — *' X? t>- X t ei •>1< S5 '.C X ?-. c- I ,-; J. I- 3 2 1* ^1 rf ft 1 1 r; I t'i •£ «5 i-<"x'^v; -frTr-rcfi-r-r X i £ i S «{ if- M £.-? 3-f Si - Ih X b C^ >-> E js .1: js * .c - '^ca;5?50 S a a a is 1.1 fie ji ij ^jj t, *a ^11 ■« si ill ■ 1; = . ■/. - • s 5 S iT a a 3^-2 * ie ^ c8 M ^" ^ ? '^ .* ;f :( TRADE AND COMMEIICE. 225 :?^r, Irs : r I ■/. % I .-. -- ! ;* •'i"- sT -.1*1 s ■ t r. i iH MM I- K JS ?; ?: V. 2 f 1 - - ■/. -r-f d!:'4 -r ti 1* •r rr.r ^ ir^?. ?^ 'Mr- — "M t--r ■jC V rH 1- c l- ? ■4-* 5 ^ c X i) T) '^ i X b •4^ r c ,- — " Cn u 1 4^ - ^O J 'ii Mi i^!? [It: i/, /- C-j 1 ^ i 'x cc H ?; u O O 15 o> Lrrr •jT 1^ 83 •^ 3 i?. x l-:^; M %: ^ X X H 7;,v *r Mr: l- I- Tf • t 1— 1 1— 1 •; a -2 'a .t -^ 2 M =r Vi « ^ r. ■/ — ri i-^ f rt ri i-. c iJi x -/r?rf^«' iCi-' i-^it-T i 4 .yr, X I - X i-i r. VS M -C ^ M «'• 2 ??5?*5'i?t^yi?iM«.- ^ y I -i fi M t -^ — X -2 ir: -r C*0 CO 7. ir^or I- -r M vi X M ^ M I- x'"?fl-|^f s'/T-h'i- x" CO J{ "C I - -ri -. fl ;-. 1- 3 •c c5 2 X I - fj r- -f J? i ? ^ •• r— ^ ^^ ^^ V. 'j ^ ^^ ^ r; X r I -r r. -f 1* S s ?. I o i^ so I— I 1— 1 1— I i« I'. f-; © 2 X M X I ■- M t- S * X « '?; « j^ « rt >"f -r n r r- ». »- r »- n r- »• C. VT M I - O ^ I - X ■5' M I- 2 Tt '^ '-' ^1 "i ~ i -• -f s". I - ci r: 5 1- 1- iM "-1 ^ M ^ -f rH »t> 5-. I* -f -J CV 8'ia" --■-■ I X 5 r< *' y ~ I- X 'M w o » "t — M "T vi S -^ in I'- c u ^ « n 1^ ^. S -f It g ?.''$' ?2!5 5 Lr S ;f •? -t> 5c M rH 5i I - K f I c; 'M ^J? Mi * JK C ' - "i ^2 3: r- "-".5 i-i Q C". i-i o 10 -r c I r- X rH O X M i-H fU- l- X l^ g X — I 1-1 rt i-l (M -C "^ M t! T 1 =• a^ ao_M M r-i i;i r^cc ' s t. sr:__ irT-r MN m" rf o' L~ "1"' 1^' ~: "I"' c' I -^ l^l-»-i7l t l-X ~. l-M •c M_^'— --c X i-M_^-^^x -r rfcT i-I'i-?i-<' i-T MM e 3 •c DC 3 £ s a £►« Si's CS » *3 2 » C *i o o H |1 3$ s a D's n w f S a 58 5«^ 1- M C5 1- -■ • • * ,# ;1r-f it.!' tf. lir- '■■ mi^^ I M ' ' ' llj.!" . f.%y. . * i '• ■ . '-j cf , • H _, • |.' 41 • J* ' . • ' - i i ■ , ♦• r* •• 226 Increase inexiwrts, Projwr- tions of ex|x)rts to principal countries to total exports, 18(58-1887. CHAPTER IV. 1 279. Though the annual value of the exports has necessarih- varied from time to time, it will be seen that there has been a steady increase in the aggregate value at the end of each period, the aggregate of the period ended 1887 showino- an increase over that ended 1872 of 32 per cent. The bulk of the exports have always gone to Great Britain and the United States, and from the following figures it will be found that while the exports to Great Britain have increased 28 per cent. those to the United States have decreased 21 per cent. The proportions to other countries have not varied very much, with the exception of exports to the West Indies, which have con- siderably declined. 280. The proportions of the aggregate value of exports to principal countries to the total exports, during each period of 5 years, are given below. PROPORTIONS TO TOTAL "VALUE OF EXPORTS, THE PRODUCE OF CANADA, TO PRINCIPAL COUNTRIES, FOR QUINQUENNIAL PERIODS BETWEEN 18(W AND 1887. COUNTBIES. 18(58 to 1872, inclusive. 1873 to inclusive. Gr«at Britain United States France Germany ; . . Other Eurojjean countries British West Indies Other " Newfoundland Other British ixjssessions . ' ' Foreign countries . . Total 37 53 51-50 024 006 0-68 3 23 2-71 1-88 ' 0-86 1 31 10000 47-68 41-31 0-38 010 0-82 2-88 2-25 2 33 0.53 1-72 10000 1878 to 1882, inclusive. 47-96 41-76 0-78 14 0-99 2-41 1-86 1-98 0-76 1 36 10000 1.SH3 to . 1887, inclusive. 4()()L' 44 11 Or)4 0-.S() 0-88 1-83 1-33 1-7!t 0-S7 1-73 100-00 281. The following table gives the imports and exports of the United Kingdom and her possessions for the year 1888, ^1888 together with the amount per head in each case. The figures Imix)rts &. exiwrts of British Posses- sions « : •■/I TRADE AND COMMERCE. 227 have all been taken from official sources and the calculations made in this office •.— IMPORTS AND EXPORTS OF BRITISH POSSESSIONS, 1888. Country. I'nited Kingdom. . . India Straits Settlement.. Ceylon Miuuitiiis. Natal Caiie of (tockI Hoi)e St. Helena Lagos (iolcl Coast .Sierra Leone Gambia Canada Xewfoniulland Bennudas Honduras. ...... British (iuiana Bahamas Turk's Island Jamaica Windward Islands. Leeward " Trinidad. Xew .South Wales . . Victoria South Australia. . . . Western " (Queensland Tasmania Xew Zealand Fiji . Falkland Islands. . . Total Imixjrts. 1,886.493,949 388,508,277 107,207,059 20,174,859 12,948,715 14,01 6,491,476 37,80(>,982 1,834,626 431,882 Value I5er Head. 2,495,872,334 S cts. 38-12 2-13 167-72 4-76 43-56 14-33 30 -.53 3-98 24-73 1-33 2200 40-64 18-14 33-84 31-22 37-76 35-38 12-32 26 .51 14-51 22 11 20-47 54 - 75 93 -.50 (51-80 10(5-78 78-57 76-94 44 42 (52-23 14 (52 228-51 9-39 L-'f'-i'i' .>• 282. With the exception of the United Kingdom, India and Trade of ifew South Wales the aggregate trade of Canada is larger than and other that of any other British Colony ; but in proportion to population compared, the external trade of the Australasian Colonies is far in advance of that of any other British possession. The value of diamonds exported through the post office is now included in the exports 16J -f • m-'-: *f ' u\ ■II li.-l! n.!«-i ,!^;f ^S- hi- •r ■ i l"-' M 228 CHAPTER IV. of the Cape of Good Hope, which will account for the larwe fio-ures. Vaiupof 283. The value of the total trade of the United Kin oclom of British'' f^nd her possessions Avas $5,440,888,005, as compared with ix)..session.s §5j22,737,727 in 1887, being an increase of $318,150,278 ; in 1887 there was an increase of $258,332,689 as compared with 1880. The total imports exceeded the total exports by $449,143,337 ; the excess of imports into the United Kiiiudom amounted to $436,785,800, showing that, exclusive of that country, there was an excess of imports of $12,357,537. Excess of 284. The following is a list of British possessions in wliich imports & exj)orts imports and exports were respectively in excess in 1888 : — rtsjiective- ly 111 Bri- tish ixjsses- Imports exceeded Exports in sions. United Kingdom. Bermudas. Straits Settlements. Bahamas. Ceylon. New South Wales. Natal. Victoria. St. Helena. Western Australia. Gold Coast. Queensland. Canada. Tasmania. Jsewfonndland. Turk's Island. Exports exceeded Imports in India. .Jamaica. Mauritius. Trinidad. Lagos. Windward Islands. Cajje of Good Hope. Leeward Islands. Sierra Leone. South Australia. Gambia. New Zealand. Hondu*'as. Fiji. British Guiana. Falkland Islands. Imports & 285. The total value and the value per head of the imports exports of foreign and exports of some of the principal foreign countries in the countries. ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ latest available years are given in the following table. The fisrures have been taken from official sources, and the calcula- tions made in this office : — '. ■:■'•' TRADE AND COMMERCE. IMPORTS AND EXPORTS OF FOREIGN COUNTRIES. 229 ^! ■- ■■ ' Country. Kussiiiii Empire. , Xorw ay Swcdfii Dfinniirk (;tiiii:iii Empire... Xt'tlifrlaiuls Bi'lj,'iuiii . , I'niiuv I'uitnKiil Spain Itnly Aiistid-Huntrarian Eminre. Hduiiiiiuia (Ircfff Ttiiki'V Servia land Year. .SWltZt Asiii- Cliiii:i .Faiian AtVica - H^rypt Aiiii'i'i^'a — Cliili riii.iruay Arirt'iitinc Repvi))lie Mexico I'liitcd State.s ISiazil I'wu 1880 1885 1887 1887 1880 1887 1880 1887 1885 1885 1887 1887 188(J 1880 1885 1887 1887 1884 188<) 1880 1887 188<) 1880 1880 188i» 1885 1884 *Imi)orts. S 304,490,528 37, 48 17 21 99 10 84 10 08 3 42 5 27 07 20 37 85 *Exi)orth. 394,194,110 20,941,3<;4 08,408,045 40,.S18,504 701,02t»,410 301,982,015 207,841,340 ()00,040,000 24,02(),.390 120,177,140 207, ()80, 4.50 332,2()8,845 30,948,(MX) 23,092,100 58,272,475 8,12.5,815 150,494,845 125,402,940 40,72t),910 Amniuit l)er Head. 40,250,000 5 fK) 51,940,750 .52,888,840 25,275,349 117,123,120 40,285,300 774,094,725 103,<)91,240 10,.503,448 20 92 42 37 .34 09 3 85 12 00 8 02 3 91 ((8,001,093 25,253,000 77,418,041 .51,982,21K) 839,042,908 115,143,2(>0 7,458,328 S cts. 3 78 13 75 14 50 21 97 14 90 82 44 45 32 17 27 5 10 7 32 8 93 8 38 71 11 9») 2 28 4 19 53 21 32 1 00 7 02 20 93 42 34 22 53 4 97 13 00 8 91 2 7(5 ♦Including Merchandise, Sjiecie and Bullion. 286. In proportion to population the largest trade among foreign countries is done by the Netherlands, the amount per lioad being considerably larger than that of any other country, the countries next in order being Switzerland, Belgium and Uiiiguay ; but with the exception of the Netherlands, the j^er nipit'i value of the trade in the Australasian Colonies is higher than elsewhere. Exports exceeded imports in the United State?*, Russia, Spain, Austria, Hungary, Greece, Japan, Egypt, Chili, Mexico and Brazil. 287. The total trade of the United Kingdom is the largest Aggregate in the world, Germany and France taking second and third principal countries. ,<■ " ^ ^'alue of \h. trade i^er t head in various % countries. 'm'' ",f ■•■•:'' m >;;:.■■ "J. ■ «'it fir- .:*,., Ik':'.; Ill • t • V im^ mM\y^^< V, ' 230 Trade of United States with British iwssessions Imports into Bri- tish poa- sessions, 1887 and 1888. CHAPTER TV. places ; and the following is the order in which the principal countries, doing the largest trade, stand, with tiie ainoimt of that trade in each case, according to the latest available figures, principally for 1889 : — United Kint'^^.m .93,602,513,811 Germany 2,422,1>28,40() France 1,846,413,000 United States 1,613,137,683 Netherlands 968,040,150 India 5iK),885,7H5 Italy 421»,!l<)2,741 288. The United Kingdom takes the largest share of the exports of the United States : in 1860 the proportion was 52*50 per cent, and in 1888 52-38 percent, ; in the latter year 8*60 per cent, went to other British possessions, making a total export to British possessions of 60'98 per cent. In return for this, liowever, the States only imported 24*58 per cent, from the United Kingdom in 1888 as compared with 39*17 percent. in 1860, and 1108 per cent, from other British possessions as compared with 10" 84 per cent, in 1860, so that while the imports from other British possessions have slightly increased, the Imports from the United Kingdom show a decrease of 14*59 per cent, since 1860. 289. The following is a comparative statement of the imports into British possessions during the years 1887 and 1888, show- ing in each year the amount and proportion per head that came trom Great Britain and other countries respectively. . r ■ ■ ■ ». TRADE AND COMMERCE. IMPORTS INTO BRITISH POSSESSIONS, 1887 AND 1888. 231 Colony. India Straits Settlement Ceylon .Mauritiv.^ Xatal Cape of CrO"d Hope St. Helena I^agos (lold Coast . . Sierra Leone (Janilna Canada Xewfouiidland BerniiKlas Honduras.. British (luiana Haiianias « Turiv's Island .Taniaica Windward Islands Lwward Islands Trinidad New South Wales Victoria South Australia... Western Australia. . . . (Queensland Tasmania Xew Zealand Falkland Islands Total 1887. I.M PORTS KROJI Great Britain. 25(5,334,813 19,274,755 4,93.3,062 3,0.52,831 9,022,664 24,393,670 105,042 1,286,138 1,300,257 l,205,7a5 152,005 45,167,040 1,613,008 349,834 358,338 4,459,891 144,389 16,693 3,648,«J.52 2,6.57,214 904,076 3,657,349 38,926,364 40,344,891 9,531,a55 1,30;>,284 11,177,774 2,119,711 20,311,019 284,248 Amount l)er Head. 508,041,852 $ cts. 1 22 35 89 1 73 8 29 18 91 17 72 20 66 12 86 92 19 92 10 74 9 27 8 17 22 79 13 05 16 10 3 01 3 49 6 04 8 04 7 46 19 94 37 32 38 94 30 02 31 40 30 46 14 87 33 66 154 23 Other Countries. 98,107,780 104,.579,591 14,4.51,0a5 8,456,734 1,99.5,07!> 3,694,.505 58,906 735,197 421,1.56 21»3,338 241,221 67,725, liMJ 3,861,895 939,446 465,2.58 3,342,227 777,62J> 113,374 2,786,716 3,887,571 1,062,481 5,(;80,17!t 52,597,317 52,22i>,578 15,270, JtO-i 1,933,595 17,1.54.0(J5 5,6.51,465 10,083,821 40,773 Amount ijer Head. 2 23 478,638,082 $ cts. 47 194 75 5 07 22 97 4 18 2 68 11 58 7 35 30 4 84 17 05 i;} 89 19 57 61 21 16 95 12 06 16 20 23 73 4 62 11 77 8 77 .30 !«> .50 42 50 41 48 11 46 37 46 75 39 67 16 71 22 12 2 10 • -J fe.»*: 1 »'".»* ' : •:> R • f ••• *^ •- ■ ' *:. s r? i '■ : I* * !■♦■ — : im • > . " . ; ' ■ ' ■' '" 1 ■ "> ■ f'i.- : 'if'--' . i, ■ ?|'i. :lt !. . ■' J ^^liJi^'H 1 ■' • ';!■ ^ 1 ■* ■ - i; ■ 1 t , ,! , • ■■ ;i . -; ■■■ I ■ '^?> ■■t i ' i; J i'!:|.ti ■' ( 13 ) ' 232 Imi)orts into Bri- tish 1X)S- sessions from Great Britain & foreign countries compared. *i . CHAPTER IV. IMPORTS INTO BRITISH POSSESSIONS, 1887 AND 1888. Colony. India Straits Settlement.. Ceylon . Natal Cajie of ( iood Hojie . St. Helena Lagos (xoTd Coast Sierra Leone (iaml)ia , Canada Newjpundland Bernmdas Honduras British (ruiana ]3ahauias Turk's Island Jamaica Windward Islands.., Leeward Islands. . . . Trinidad New South Wales. . . Victoria South Australia Western Australia. . Queensland Tasmania New Zealand Falkland Islands. . . . 1888. IjII'OHTS FKOJl (ireat Britain. 8 270,7{tr),23!) 18,121,014 5,()!>4,316 11,778,2.53 21>,317,121 108,()(W 1,418,<»31) 1,521,155 !»27,241 258, !)!»!» 30,433,»)17 3,-310,482 403,8(50 40.5,102 4,408,100 103,()2<.t 1.5,573 .5,204,315 3,138,0.51 890,153 3,8()(),211 44,83(J,.508 52,811,445 11,507,050 l,770,i»02 1.5,11M),0«4 2,302,230 18,131,370 237,810 Amount i)er Head. Total 554,333,483 S ets, 1 32 33 74 2 00 24 47 20 52 21 37 14 18 1 08 12 30 18 30 7 03 10 77 26 00 l(i 04 10 04 4 03 3 20 8 03 22 7 30 20 30 41 20 48 41 30 34 42 03 30 20 10 10 20 85 125 82 2 44 Other- Countries. 111,713,038 80,08(5,045 14,480,543 2,288,601 4,81(5,973 74,348 732,434 581,789 200,140 242,593 71,401,013 4,294,994 1,05(5,091 530,(521 3,250,045 733,009 . 121,008 2,9.57,t>29 4,017,944 1,075,805 5,593,562 .56,80(5,535 63,852,040 14,779,321 2,0.55,515 17,157,304 5,47(5,329 10,785,877 25,028 AuKmnt H..U.1. >• ots. (I :>^ Km !I() rxi; 4 7:. 'A-M 14 (>2 7 :« 41 •{S7 17 14 14 'M 21 77 (17 '.18 19 (ill 11 (IS ir) 27 25 4.5 4 11 8 29 52 58 40 48 44 37 17 82 80 88 .51 82 53 48 1 1 28 48 70 13 24 490,347,844 2 i:. 290. The total amount imported from Great Britain in 1888 was $46,291,631 more than in 1887, and the proportion to the total imports was di cidedly higher, being 53'06 per cent., as compared with 51 "49 per cent in the preceding year. The excess of imports from Great Britain over imports from other countries has been as follows in the years named, viz. : in 1884, $72,371,510 ; in 1885, $74,073,065 ; in 1883, $36,833,- ,675; in 1887, $29,403,770; and in 1888, $63,985,639, showing a voi'.v con imports froi ill twelve c( toria, ^cw the order i 818.121,014 countries. 291. The total inipor about til. Si the followiu PKOPOUTION 1871.., 1875. . , 1880.., 1884. 1885.., 188(5. . 1887... 1888.... But the pro] Colonial exj In 18S8, ho> being liighe] PKOIHJRTIO TO' 1871.... 1875..., 1880. . . . 1884.... 1885. . . . 188(5. . . . 1887 1888.... 292. In 1 countries we ft34.309, l)eii ing year, as TRADE AND COMMERCE. ji very considerable increase over the last two years. The imports from Great Britain exceeded those from other countries in twelve colonies, and the largest importers were India, Vic- toria, iN'cw South "Wales, Canada and Cape of Good Hope, in tiio order named. The Straits Settlements only imported S18.121,014 from Great Britain and $89,086,045 from other countries. / 201. The proportion of imports from British possessions to the total imports into the United Kingdom has remained much about tlK same, and with hut slight variations, as shown by the following figures : — I'KOroKTIUN OF IMPORTS FROM BRITISH POSSESSIONS TO TOTAL IMPORTS INTO THE UNITED KIN(iDOM. isn 2203 ,)er cent. 233 1S75 22-57 isxn 22-50 ]S,S4 '^4-4() ISS;") 75 ISSd 23-40 1S87 23-13 ISH8 22-42 But tlie proportion of exports to Great Britain to the total Colonial exports has steadily decreased during the same period. Ill 1888, however, there was a slight increase, the proportion being liigher than in any year since 1884. PROVCmTION OF EXPORTS TO THE UNITED KINGDOM TO THE TOTAL EXPORTS FROM BRITISH POSSESSIONS. 1S71 50- 45 per cent. 1H75 4!»-47 1880 4(J-4ti 1HS4 43-33 1885 42-84 188(! ^ 41-54 1887 41-SO 1888 4314 292. In 1888 the exports from Great Britain to foreign countries were 1104,773,840 and to British possessions $444,- 984.309, being a slightly higher proportion than in the preced- ing year, as the following figures show : — Similar ]>roi tort ion of exjHirts to total colonial export.s. Prc>i)ortion of exi)orts of the I'nited Kingdom to British possessions to total exix)rts. "v. ' ►*• !i; V. Proixjrtion of imiMjrts from Bri- tish 1)CS- scssions into Great Britain to total im- S -22 " IHHH 30-69 293. The total foreign trade of British possessions lias in- creased very largely since 1871 ; and, as will be f^een from the following figures, the trade with foreign countries has increased in a greater ratio than that with the United Kingdom, wind) has been steadily decreasing. There was an increase, howevor of 3'62 per cent, in the proportion in 1888 : — PROPORTION OF THE TRADE WITH THE UNITED KIN(4I)()M To THE TOTAL FOREIGN TRADE OF I?RITISH POSSESSIONS. 1871 51 - 41 jier cent. 1875. 1880. 1884. 188(j. 188(i. 1887. 1888. 52-33 49-36 46-72 48 44 45 31 44 14 47 76 294. The following table, taken, with the exception of the figures for 1888, which have been added in this ofiice, from Mulhall's " Fifty Years of National Progress," p. 30, shows the distribution of the trade of the United Kingdom at various dates, and shows also that the trade with India and the Colonies has increased in a much greater degree than that with foreign countries : — DISTRIBUTION OF THE TRADE OF THE UNITED KINGDOM, 1840-1888. Trade with Millions £. Pkrcentaoe. 1840. 1860. 1875. 1885. 1888. 1840. 1860. 1875. 1885. im Colonies United States . France (iermany Various 34 23 6 5 45 89 68 31 34 153 161 95 74 56 270 170 118 59 50 245 178 120 62 54 270 30 20 6 5 39 24 18 8 9 41 24 15 11 8 42 27 20 18 17 {) i) 8 S 38 40 Total 113 375 656 642 684 100 100 100 100 KW ) TOTAL ;ent. TRADE AND COMMERCE. 235 Till I W )|*^id 295. The following table gives the value of the imports and & t.xi)ortH exports and the amount of duty collected at each port of entry ?K)rUn the " ' ■ " ■ I)i)mini()n, 111 tlie Dominion during the year 1889 : — IMPORTS AND EXPORTS AT EACH PORT IN CANADA, I8«i» 188JI. H 'J. 18 has iu- ' from tlie increased im, which , however, ItDom To ^ONS. cent. ion of the )ffice, from 30, shows at various a and the than that S^GDOM, \GE. ima. 1888. 27 26 18 17 •) a 8 s 38 40 100 100 POHT.S. Ontaiuo. Viiilit r>tlnirg lifilevillt' Berlin Hrnutford liriffliton Hidckville Cliatluuii Clifton CoIhiuiv Cdllxinic CollingwiitKl (Virnunll . C'ranialu' Darlin^'toii I)esen>iit() Ddver Dumia*! Dunnville Fort Erie Calt OanaiKKiue (i(Kk*ricli (iuelj)h Hamilton HciiK".. Kincardine Kingston KinK'. Value. ExiJortH. Imix)rt8. 135,270 7!>r>,037 !»2,817 208,845 41,173 645,137 (M>7,7G2 1,2««>,562 240,320 40,J»57 528,0f)2 67,256 8!»,502 222,205 481»,640 267,719 37,882 .51,()31 2,61)3,604 113,4.59 60,279 122,588 454,000 651.338 8/4,721 770,490 756,434 53,122 285,708 415,630 211,607 152,876 4,368 171,313 171,025 3,562,518 80,116 90,601 102,748 316,730 393,973 201,874 603,570 100,151 35.5,392 443,736 734,619 15,859 486,491 166,327 1,256,789 217,797 18,083 203,831 7<»6,293 12,4«!1 83,498 44,83<> 119,279 208,;i04 27,241 577,234 288,893 164,650 .52,485 576,139 4,270,742 198,351 58,687 1,358,331 24,242 48,491 2,4«x5,792 50, 0«) 67,176 22,913 89,757 132,558 1,984,928 155,471 119,377 22{»,482 272,516 59,22i» 404,871 408,722 Duty. 8 10,639 60,Jt07 61,305 107,388 1,078 79,476 27,.S14 229,629 20,623 4,{K)3 37,386 19,o<'* 709 8,871 7,831 14,128 18,267 4,767 114,338 36,540 27,465 10,473 70,058 727,623 26,179 6,215 178,706 4,0{)4 9,420 547,07(5 7,856 4,429 1,{K}3 3,698 20,325 348,083 15,131 15,781 30,971 44,106 10,080 83,.527 50,764 ■■•'J!\ ' i ** ■v1- ■:.!;! •rt- '•; -."i. tl: m m 286 CHAPTER IV. IMPORTS AND EXPORTS AT EACH PORT IN CANADA, im\~Co„.tinw,l PORTH. Ontario— C()uc/«. • 1 'UtV. E.\iK)rts. ImiK)rtH. t $ .y 187.537 !>30.378 s;<,4i:i 124,«()4 348,440 ti.s,:>t;;t 548,125 543,515 .S1.41W 10,2.53 83,378 (llii 5!»8,47it 324,4(53 S(i,!l!l(; (ni,4!»5 374,(578 riii.o^a 3,282,!»ll l!>,;i52,874 3,!m7,(il4 (;»>!l,(>!>7 71,183 lo.SK) 45!»,315 2l,!>82 •\272 28i(,u33 !ll,21(5 .'),ll!lt 7(>8,3!I5 1,175,514 •-•til.STl 8(ii),2.54 441,253 7.H.731 27,r.27,7!»V 43,100,!»07 7,7SS..S!C. 2,708,iM)l 3O,330,(i!»8 43,100,!»07 3,501 7,78,s.S!ir) 13,(W2 (l.'?(l 1,028,720 233,<.»85 3(I,L';V.' 40,421 !M35 1,1'2S 4,428 7,2(50 hX> 221,424 25,080 2,."!l 52,485 21,052 1.31!) 15,0i»l 1,C!1 L'Ti; 2(5,52(),742 41,7(54,1(58 o,2(;.\4ih; 275,«5(j 73,577 7,ii.")(l 72,518 10,413 iui-1 53,832 13,7(50 rMiT 5,757,835 3,815,151 S(;,\4!I2 !»2,9i>4 28,715 t;,!iis 21,333 10,3(57 1.302 15U,25!t 33,(581 3,.-)lS 25,507 3(M».348 2r),nr)7 074,451 1,278,734 32.,s;m 60.5,11(5 075,(502 8!I,S.")(; !»8,080 34,187 t;.3ti4 24(),470 87,271 21,4!ir) fi!t8,164 307,441 !»,7!I0 177.fi40 128,118 2(),H15 3(5,861,854 40,272,475 10,4()K,0(}7 361,751 37,223,(505 4!), 272, 475 10,40.S,007 -Coiitinilnl, l>utv, H1.4it8 Sf.,!HHl ;i,!l'.l7,(il4 10.316 .\272 r.,!l!H 201. H71 7.S.731 7,7H8.,H!ir) 7,7HS.S!ir) ; 1.2L'.H L>.:)7!i 1.31!I 27t;' !»,'2(;:).4(Hi 7.i'r)(i s,47:> r>.:i>7 S(ir),4il2 (i.dlS 1,302 3,:)is 2.-),on7 32.S34 S!i.sr)ti (;.3()4 '_'1,4!I5 '.•,7!I0 2»),«ir) 1(),40S,OU7 10,408,007 TRADE AND COMMERCE. iMinjll rs AND EXPORTS AT EACH PORT IN CANADA, im'J-Cunti,uu,(. 287 POHTiH. Nova Scotia. Aiiilii'i-*t. .\iiiiii|"iliK AiifiH"i>i^l> Aricliiit liiidilfi'k liiiiTiii^rtcin ItliilK'rtdWII ly-y •, Ciivslmrougn Halifax KMitvillf (CornwalliH) . Livfi'iKiol LiK'ki'port I,oml(iii(lcrry Luni'iilpurg Miirfjiin'tsville Ndrtli Sydney ParrslMiro' I'ictim I'lirt Hiuvkesbury I'lirt Hudd Witt Midway Slii'lluii'iu? Sydney Tnin I Wcyiiuiiith Willi Isiir VariiKiuth Total New Jrunswick. Bathurst CaiiiiK) Bello{\Velchi)ool). Caiaquft Chatliam Dallionsie , Dorchester Frederictoji Hillslyirough . Moiicton XewcMistle Richibucto Sackville SliippeKan. . . St. Andrew's. St. (ieorge . . . 1H«!>. Vai-lk. Kx|)ortH. IiniKirts. • 8 lil2,2l.3 l(S!»,r)71> 54,53! t 34,HO:. 45,7<>;> 37,470 (5,025 134,171 t>l,!IH2 4,772,(M>5 100,OH:i 05,757 280,043 10,32(5 .H.")(5,542 4,505 05,101 238,30(5 1(57,774 113,123 (5,«82 73,084 .S(5,050 1(58,133 2,11(5 154,540 140,251 770,157 8,832,281 101,. 570 27,7150 (520,426 230,(551 24,(5(5(5 130,015 283,105 3(55,833 104,071 84,126 24,142 262,366 1(55,7(M» 70,30(5 58,052 15,2(M» 10,01(5 13,03(5 11,010 57,281 8,044 (5,0.'W,342 (5(5,250 47,287 38,17(5 8,003 280,475 3,007 87,450 15,35(5 410,124 38,412 (505 04(5 10,478 42,(505 a55,022 72,686 11M),(5(>5 1544,055 Duty. 0,700,007 20,751 4,878 112,886 23,575 (5,875 371,711 581,574 57,863 (5,360 35,407 3,286 86,204 8 47,128 14,(5(M5 13,5(51 2, .548 1,1(53 2,011 2,427 10,158 1,877 1,83(5,050 13,42(5 7,885 3,523 1,7(51 22,542 45(5 20,070 3,702 84,0r)4 11,714 320 87 3,354 10,5(52 02,137 14,724 14,541 05.,')21 2,342,717 6,281 (5.")8 11,744 7,402 1,388 47,050 361,005 11,238 2.418 7,807 615 27,365 - * . • * J'''!':^''!!,! :i\m& ' " . i.t1' •f ii^J: , 4 , • hv h N •fi * f 238 CHAPThR IV. IMl'OKTH AND KXl'OHTH AT EACH PORT IN CANADA, 188t)-Cou, /«,/„/ • 1889. I'OUTS. Va IXV., 1 k . ExjiortH. h\\\)ovU. Hiity. N Kw Bhvnswick — CvMludcii, Ht, John Ht. Stoplu'ii 3,!»84,(i38 142.234 147,11M5 4,371,25({ <>45,824 !»0,725 s !t.'f,H,H,'t» 'Jii,i:{,s WcHKlntoik Total «,7<»(i,8!»8 83 4i.rjti VViiwuDeff Total 782,G0«) 5411, 4o,s Bkitish Coiamhia. Nanaitiio l,851,41i) 3(>,3<»4 518.5<)2 1,!>27,!>31 3()1,01() ir)5,54!» 443,75!» 2,8(52,803 fin, 4411 :m.; 2(ii»,ta4 54!»,003 100,210 1(1(1 S,Vl Hiiiiiiiif^rsiclH I'MI") Total !»78,773 (54!»,213 1H(1 ''74 Nohth-Wkst Tekuitokikh. • Port McLeod 113,!»81t 21 .")'.)" Eort Walwh Wood Mountain 14,7(5(5 2,!l")(i Total 128,755 24.r»4S 289 CHAPTER V. POST OFFICE AND TELEGRAPHS. 200. By im Act of the Imperial Parliament, 12-13 Vic.(1851), Tinnsf.T chap. <)0, the management of the Postal systems in tht Colon- \mi-v\u its of British North America was transferred to the vprious liVvMi',?' Pioviiicial authorities, and up to the time of Confederation ""*"*• cadi Province controlled its own system, under its c ,vn laws and regulations. :i!i7. After Confederation these various laws were allowed iOHtottic to loinain in force until the 1st April, 1868, when the Post ' *^ ' OftiiH' Act, 31 Vic.(1868),chap. 10, came into effect, estahlishinp* uniform rates and regulations for the Dominion. *•: . 298. In 1875 an agreement Avas made with the United Pontai States, hy which a common rate of postage between the two with countries was adopted, each country retaining all money col- statt^H. lectcd, and no accounts boing kept between the two post offices in regard to International correspondence. 209. The Universal Postal Union was formed at a meetins: Fommtion hold at Berne in 1874, and the first treaty was signed on 9th Union. October in that year; the countries representee* i jing the several countries of Europe, the United States and Egypt. The ol)ject of the Union was to form all the countries of tht world into one single postal territory, and to establish, as far as possible, uniform reduced rates of postage, and also to further the interchange of correspondence, by arranging that every country should be bound to convey the mails of other countries by its land or sea services at the lowest possible rates. At a meeting, held in Paris, in May, 1878, the regulations were ;■ • v. i < ■ n :' . * *■. • ■•* *'■* ':-: IV, ■; ■■!' 240 CHAPTER V. revised and embodied in a convention which came into foixe on 1st April, 1879. AdniisMon. 300. At this meeting Canada was admitted a member from Into postal the following Ist Jnly, and letters, newspapers and other printed Union. niatter, samples and patterns, became subject to uniform post- age rates and regulations for all places in Europe, and for all other countries that were members of the Union. The exist- ing postal arrangements with the United States were allowed to remain undisturbed, being of a more liberal and advanta- geous character than the ordinary regulations of the treaty. Third 301. The third Congress was held at Lisbon, in Februarv, Pasta" ° 1885, and Canada was represented by the delegates of the nion. British Post Office. No material change was made in the Convention of 1879. Countries 302. All the States of Europe and America, some countries the Union, of Asia and Africa, and all the British Colonies and possessions, except the Australasian Colonies and South Africa, are now included in the Union. ^"•"w 303. A new agreement between the United States and agreement Canada was signed at Washington on 12th January, 1888, to United comc into etfect on the tbllowing Ist March and to supersede States. ^^^ agreement of February, 1875. The principal change in the agreement was the establishment ot a parcel post between the two countries, subject to certain regulations for the pro- tection of Customs with respect to articles liable for duty. All the principal provisions of the agreement of 1875 were retained. Number 304. Th^ following table gives the number of post offices in &c., i8«8- the Dominion, and the estimated number, and number per ^ '^* head, of letters and post cards sent in each year, from Ist July, 1867, to 80th June, 1889 :— m •. . ■ ■'■ - ^ ■H ^, ■ * ■ /a POST OFFICE AND TELEGRAPHS. NUMBER OF POST OFFICES IN CANADA AND ESTIMATED NUMBER AND NUMBER PER HEAD OF LETTERS AND POST I CARDS SENT, 1868 TO 1889. 241 Year Knokd 30th Jl'NK, Number of Post Offices. Estimated Number Sent. Number of Registered Letters. Free Letters. Total Letters Posted. Post Cards. Letters per Head. miW .... 3,638 3,756 3,820 3,943 4,135 4,518 4,706 4,892 5,015 5,161 5,378 5,60() 5,773 5,935 6,171 6,395 6,837 7,084 7,295 7,534 7,671 7,838 704,750 850,000 1,000,000 1,100,000 1,280,000 1,377,000 1,5<;2,900 1,750,000 1,774,000 1,842,000 1,980,000 1,940,000 2,040,000 2,253,000 2,450,000 2,(550,000 3,000,000 3,060,000 3,400,000 3,5(50,000 3,580,000 3,649,000 733,100 874,000 1,034,000 1,218,000 1,125,000 1,091,000 1,432,200 1,290,000 1,059,292 1,096,000 1,250,000 1,384,000 1,464,000 1,838,000 2,3{K),000 2,(500,000 2,824,000 2,9(50,000 3,310,000 3,1(50,000 3,500,000 3,872,000 18,100,000 21,920,000 24,500,000 •27,050,000 •30,(500,000 ♦34,579,000 •39,358,500 •42,000,000 41,800,000 41,510,000 44,000,000 43,900,000 45,800,000 48,170,000 56,200,000 62,800,000 (56,100,000 (58,400,000 71,000,000 74,300,000 80,200,000 92,668,000 537 mill) 6 42 1870 1871 1872 1H73 709 7-69 4,646;6o6 5,450,000 6,4.55,000 6,940,000 7,800,000 9,640,000 11,300,000 12,940,000 13,580,000 13,800,000 15,109,000 1(5,35(5,000 16,L 36,000 19,355,000 8-47 9-43 1H74 10-28 187.^ 187ti 1877 Ifi'S 10 81 10-58 10-34 10-78 1S7!I 10-59 inso 10-86 1881 1882 \n^;i 11-08 12-68 13 -iK) 1884 ISS") 14 35 14-57 1881) 1887 1888 188!) 14-81 15 24 16-13 18-25 ,1.. - !»•'•, ■•*('■■. 1^4 •, ■.* ■ r * Including post cards. 305. During the past year 1 67 new offices were opened, and Inc^ea^'e the total number of post offices is now considerably more than "f ietters,*^ double the number at Confederation, there having been an ^^' increase of 4,200. The increase in the number of letters sent, as compared with 1888, was, in registered letters, 69,000 ; and in total letters of all kinds, 12,468,000, which was the largest increase in any one year since Confederation, being a total increase of letters posted of 6,568,000, more than the increase of 1888 over 1887, which was 5,900,000. The total number of letters sent in 1888 was 74^568,000 more than was sent in the tirst year of Confederation, being over four times as many. The number of letters sent per head of estimated population 16 . - ^d yV'^ r -I. M\ N i ' :' ! I ■ ij :'■: ■■! m M • ■",.■ ;• ■;■ '.' t-.'. •■ . . .: 242 CHAPTER V. was, according to the above figures, a little over 18. Vo^{ cards, which were first issued in 1871, have now readied the large total of 19,355,000, the increase 'over 1888 boino- 2,769,000, as compared with an increase of 230,000 in 1888 over 1887. There was an increase of 372,000 in the number of free letters sent. . , Nunii)erof 306. The next table gives the number of newspapers, books i)er8, &c., periodicals and parcels sent during the same period : — 18(>8-1881». or NEWSPAPERS, PERIODICALS, BOOKS, CIRCULARS, PARCELS &, 1868 TO 1889. Postal rates on newspa- l^ers. Ykar RNORD 30th June 18<)8. 18«J9. 1870. 1871. 1872. 1873. 1874. 1875. 1876. 1877. 1878. 187!>. 1880. 1881. 1882. 1883. 1884. 1885. 1886. 1887. 1888. 1889. Newsimijers and Periodicals posted otherwise than from Office of Pub- lication. 18,860,000 18,700,000 20,150,000 22,250,000 24,400,000 25,480,000 29,000,000 31,300,000 38,549,000 39,000,000 6,252,740 5,610,000 5,870,000 5,980,000 7,150,000 7,402,000 8,210,000 8,760,000 !),200,000 10,340,000 10,8ti0,000 12,269,000 Newspapers and Periodicals posted from Office of Pub- lication. 33,483,672 36,769,086 39,250,062 42,709,0«}8 43,695,000 45,737,26«> 47,779,532 49,821,798 51,864,064 .,:J,906,326 55,948,591 67,990,856 Books, Circulars, Samples and Patterns, &c. 4,539,912 4,638,000 5,090,000 5,054,000 5,224,000 6,000,000 7,186,000 8,724,000 10,160,000 10,500,000 15,140,000 20,000,000 17,810,000 17,053,000 Parcels. 24,800 38,720 51,844 64,160 95,200 112,300 102,800 1.31,352 70.724 90,000 107,800 206,600 217,000 331,500 394,00« 4(>3,200 541,000 600,000 640,000 820,000 76.3,900 519,400 Total. pel- Head. 18,884,800 18,738,720 20,201,844 22,314, lt» 24,495,200 25,592, 3(K) 29,102,800 .31,431, 352 43,159,(a() 43,728,000 44,934,212 47,<)37,(W« 50,561,0()2 55,020,5 5 -(id r)-4ii 5- So (I 34 (>'78 (I'llS 7-fil 8 -OS 10'Oi) 100!t 11 02 11 ^ll 11 idi 12(«i 13 111 13-8(1 14 4!* 14 M 1(103 17 40 17 17 17-30 307. In the figures in the first column for the years 1868 to 1877, inclusive, are included all newspapers and periodicals sent by mail, whether from the office of publication or other- ' < " I .1 ':■ Nuinbr 1. 1 per Head. i ,80<) 5 -I'll) ,720 r)-4!» ,844 .vs,-) ,1«K) (1 34 ,200 (I- 78 ,3(K) ()-it8 ,800 7-111 ,a')2 ' H'OX ,G3«i : lOD!) ,000 10 0!! ,212 11(»2 ,68« 11 W ,0(i2 nitii ►,5:--4- -m^ • 4* ■..»■■.!> i, *•+ ■ 1*1! (• I iM' '•' H.i]\\ mm 244 CHAPTER V. ESTIMATED NUMBER OF LETTERS AND POST CARDS, BY PROVINCES, 1885 TO 188«. . V Provinces, I- Estimated Number Sent. P. E. Island B. Columbia Mani toba, Keewatin & North-West' Territories Regi8<' .'^d Letters. 1,820,000 Free Letters. Total Letters Posted. Post Cards. 1 2,100,000 37,500,000 9,000,000' 2,000,000 2,400,000 39,000,000 10,089,000 2,100,000 2,300,000 41,000,(K)0 11,000,000 2,050,000 2,600,000 43,500,000 11,000,000 2,084,000 2,1)08,000 49,887,000 12,671.000 660,000 420,000 16,000,000 2,700,000 780,000 400,000 1(),700,000 2,900,000 810,000 360,000 17,000,000 3,100,000 820,000 400,000 18,3(X),0(JO 3,150,000 824,000 437,000 22,437,000 3,811,000 155,000 140,000 5,300,000 850,000 160,000 150,000 5,400,000 900,000 164,0 140,000 5,(!00,000 950,000 103,000 128,000 6,200,000 1,000,000 11)8,000 146,000 6,721,000 1,266,000 115,000 100,000 4,000,000 700,000 120,000 120,000 4,000,000 700,000 123,000 110,000 4,150,000 740,000 140,000 125,000 4,750,000 756,000 146,000 127,000 5,173,000 • 'J,000 30,000 20,000 800,000 90,000 30,000 20,000 800,000 100,000 31,000 20,000 850,000 10«i,000 30,000 30,000 1,050,000 10 OO 1233 m la 00 00 11-37 00 11-44 00 1170 00 12 78 00 13-08 00 11 SI) 00 1178 00 12-10 00 13 72 00 14-80 00 (•> !)2 00 0-82 00 714 00 8 70 00 !lll 00 12-3.S 00 12-00 00 12-05 00 13 !t4 00 13-57 100 l!l-21 KX) 21-42 m l!)-05 KM) 18-!)3 KX) 20 20 POST OFFICE AND TELEGRAPHS. 245 Pl•o^ ince there was a fractional decrease. The figures for each Province are only estimaced on averages, and therefore can only 1)0 considered as approximate. As a general rule they inay be taken as being under the mark, the figures for British Columbia in 1889 being an instance, it being probable, in view of the i^rogress and development of the Province, that the increase in the number of letters was larger than that stated above. There vvas the large increase of 3 letters per head in Quebec, wliicli places it third in the list, instead of, as in former years, last but one. Ontario, Manitoba and the Territorie shave the largos correspondence. 311. The following table gives the gross postal revenue and Postal re- expenditure for every year since Confed oration, and the pro- expendi- portion each year per head of population : — ig89'_ ^^*^' POSTAL REVP]NUE AND EXPENDITURE OF CANADA FROM 18<)8 TO 1889. 1'.^^ . •it,— lit. k - . : . Il,' . .1.' m<: > :'« Ykar ended 30th June 1808 . IStli) . 1870 1871. 1872 . 1873 . 1874. 1875 . 187(> , 1877 1878 , 187!) , 1880 Revenue. 1,024,710 973,050 1,010,707 1,079,707 1,193,002 1,40«),984 1,470,207 1,.53(!,509 1,484,880 1,501,134 1,()20,022 1,534.303 1,048,017 Expendi- ture. Expenditure in excess of Revenue. Amount keh Head. '"I -J" 1881 1,767,9.')3 1882 2,022,098 1883 2,204,384 1884 2,330,741 1885 2,4(K),0(i2 1880 " 2,409,379 1887 2,(J03,255 1 i 2,751,139 1889 2,984,222 1,053,570 1,079,828 1,155,201 1,271,00(} 1,309,103 1,553,004 l,«UiJ,480 1,873,241 1,959,758 2,075,()18 2,110,305 2,107,200 2,280,011 2,333,189 2,459,3.56 2,087,394 2,')31,387 3,097,882 3,380,429 3,458,100 3,533,397 3,740,040 9 28,859 100,772 144,493 191,238 170,100 14(5,019 219,272 33(t,731 474,871 674,483 4tK),343 032,SK)2 038,593 5«)5,230 437,258 423,009 000,040 097,820 911,050 854,845 782,258 701,817 Ml\\:.'\I- Rev- enue. I cts. 30 29 29 .31 33 38 39 40 38 37 40 37 39 41 40 ,50 61 51 61 53 55 58 Expeii diture. I cts. 31 32 33 30 38 42 44 48 .50 62 52 52 54 64 50 69 04 Cm 70 71 71 73 ill'? '* ■r'^- K' ^ U .'1!' 1^";:"^ \^ iii Hi u..« ft. 246 Reasons for excess of exv)eTi diture. ■J iT_ ^ , ^ i ■:,!■' Ki [is ''?■ -. -l CHAPTER V. 312. The e'xpenditnre has exceeded the revenue continuously during the last tventy-two years, but the excess of expenditure appears to he on the decrease, having been $20,441 less than in 1888, and $93,028 less than iii 1887. The reveniir .>,.lv showed a small increase of $27,621. Owing to a oIjuiil-' ot system in keeping accounts, it is difficult to be quite ;;,o whether the receipts have actually fallen off or wh' rlur th . diminution is consequent on a forestalling of part of the r vi'ime last year under the new system which, under the old, would liave ("ome into the accounts lor 188!'. Sonic aems of expon'lituro also, amounting to about $120,000, properly belongp'l to pre- vious years. A^^len tl\e long distances that have to be covered in thiei country arc cotisidered, as well as the compuratively s< itntv population of nii^ny parts of it, particularly in the iNorth-West Territories and British v'olumbia, it will easily be understood that it must be sonni lime yet before the revenue can either balance or exceed the expenditure. The successful develoji- ment of the eountry has required and will for some years require continual additions to and extensions of the postal system, and in order to provide postal facilities pori pussa with the progress of settlement, it is from time to time necessary to erilablish office:?, the expenditure for which must for a nuniher of y-ars be in excess of the revenue derived therefrom. The Postal Service, however, is managed on sound econoiiiioal principle 1, and the importance of carrying out the princi[ile of providing every part of the country with postal communication is so well recognized, that exception is seldom if e^'er taken to these deficits, it being well understood that as the population increases and the country progresses, it cannot be very long- before this service is at least self-sustaining, the reveime from the older and wealthier Provinces covering the excess of expenditure in newer districts. Number of 313. The number of stamps issued to Postmasters during the i8s3 year was 137,689,300, as compared with 125,411,050 in 1888, an increase of 12,278,250, and almost the whole postal revenue POST OFFICE AND TELEGRAPHS. 247 is derived from thi3 source, the amount received from the sale of stamps in 1889 having been $2,973,507. 3! 4. The following comparative statement shown, not only p«8taiope- the extended operations, but also the increased efficiency of ikgh-ishj) tlic service since 186!S, inasmuch as a much larger quantity of '^""'i"^'"*"'- ;. ;,i! matter is carried at the same expense : — POSTAL OPERATIONS IN CANADA COMPARED, 1808 AND 1889. Ye.\R Number of Offices. Numlier of Money Order Offices. Miles of Post Rojite. 27,674 5<5,835 Amount paid Miles for con- Travelled, voyance of Mails. Nunil)er of Letters &c. Niunber of News- pajiers,' &c. Total Cost i>er Head. 18(58 .... ISM) .... 3,638 7,838 515 t)!>3 10,622,216 25,75(),078 543,105) 1,78!),070 18,100,000 112,023,000 18,884,800 87,832,256 * cts. 31 73 31o. Tn 1868 the conveyance of mails over 10,622,216 miles Cost of cost per mile 5|'„ cents, and the transmission of 36,984,800 sion, 1868 letters, newspapers, &c., cost If',, cents apiece; in 1889 the*" ^ ' conveyance of mails over 25,756,678 miles cost 6/V cents per mile, and the transmission of 199,855,256 letters, newspapers, (k'., I**,, of 1 cent apiece, so that there is a decrease in the cost t)t'eiU'h article carried of more than h of 1 cent; and it must not be overlooked that, if newspapers were carried now at the old rate of 1 cent per lb., a sum not far from $100,000 would l)e added to the revenue each year. 816. The system of free delivery of letters by carriers in the Free deli- principal cities was commenced in 1875, and it was estimated letters, &c. that the total number delivered in this manner in 1889 was: letters, 29,510,312, and newspapers, 10,714,860. The number of earners employed was 279. There was a decrease in the number of letters of 735,436, and of newspapers of 353,600, owing probably to the increase in the postage on drop letters. I ■>rjj:!|lic|[| ■jtfe. ••'■'■ .Ni:;^;i: ■. J ' ■ :' ■ . ; r ; '■ ■ - . LiL. 248 Pof tal re- vejiuf and t'XiM'iidi- ture by ProvinceM, 1885-1889. CHAPTER V. 317. The next table gives the Postal Revenue and Exi>eiuU. ture in each Province since 1885 : — POSTAL REVENUE AND EXPENDITURE OF CANADA, lU PROVINCES, 1885 TO 1881). Provin'ces. I, , Year endi?d 30th Juntt. Revenue. Ontario . Quebec . Nova Scotia. i''P. New Brunswick . Prince Edward land British Columbia. Manitoba, Keewatin and North-West Territories . . . r 1886 1880 1887 1888 1881) 1885 1880 1887 1888 1889 1885 1886 1887 1888 1889 1885 188« 1887 1888 1889 1885 188« 1887 1888 1889 1885 1886 1887 1888 1889 1885 1886 : 1887 1888 I 1889 1,345,007 1,393,600 1,470,045 1,5<)3,673 1,639,494 512,513 .534,046 555,824 597,279 631,462 188,751 190,383 197,450 216,979 238,355 143,837 137,2(»0 142,343 152,262 161,488 29,648 29,000 31,391 34,215 34,204 42,248 46,174 54,545 (>8,802 83,074 138,055 138,913 151,(}58 170,209 UN), 146 Exjiendi- ture. ExiK^ndi- ture in Excess of Revenue. 1,483,092 1,5)0,4.53 1,632,283 1,665,511 1,735,649 6M,072 750, -*:;;• 753,0()7 767,0i) 77 72 (177 7o 7.H 3(i 48 aT 52 37 51 40 52 42 54 40 (t (12 40 (15 41 0(14 45 (15 48 71 43 71) 40 HI 41 HI 44 7!t 40 HO 20 47 25 0()(i 2>i (» 42 28 ' 40 28 ; 50 47 !H1 44 105 4(5 125 50 , 121 53 1 1 14 72 1 1(5 78 1 4H (» (!i) i:«i 71 123 70 , 1 Itl enue was lit. of the expenditure was paid out in that Province, being slightly snialK'i" proportions than in preceding years. There wan an iiR'ivii"fr Registered Head Lettt;rs. I How Di.sroMEi) OK. Remain- Failed of Returned ing in delivery to Writers Office or ! and or Offices with Post- found to Deliver- ed to Address ^.'^ i- of origin, master for contain no delivt-ry. Value. 18(1H 704,700 805,000 1,000,000 0-21 24 0.20 58 41 50 IHdll isro , . IH"! . 1,100,000 31 115 1872 . . 1,277,000 0-35 38 2,.50O 1873 1,377,000 37 30 3,080 1874 1,502,000 41 100 3,557 1875 . . 1,750,000 045 52 3,270 187(1 . . 1,774,000 0-45 54 '],8.")(5 1877 . . 1,842,000 0-4(5 (54 5,888 187H . . 1,080,000 0-40 (55 (5,7(57 187!) . . 1,040,000 47 57 0,(582 477 7,810 98 1,21>5 18,80 . . 2,040,000 0-48 70 0,132 3(54 7,(505 93 980 1881 . . 2,2.53,000 052 20 10,21(5 755 8,825 95 541 18H2., 2,450,000 55 113 0,182 (51(5 8,138 93 333 1883.. 2,050,000 50 148 10,70(5 1,004 9,125 140 431 1884.. 3,000,000 0(55 105 12,048 4,025 8,192 220 511 1885.. 3,0<)0,000 0(55 221» 1(5,340 4,277 11,072 24(5 745 188(1 . . 3,400,000 0-71 1(50 n,m\ 3,878 13,1H53 119 8!M5 18H7 . . 3,500,000 0-73 1(5(5 21,012 4,833 15,525 122 1,132 188H.. 3,580,000 0-72 107 10,618 (5,345 11,788 (5(54 821 188!) . . 3,(540,000 0-72 243 23,091 • 20,933 847 1,311 h!'!' ■• * ■ •iiri^^r .. !' i ^ K, •Included in letters returned to writers or offices of origin. it. ; ♦ 260 CHAPTER V. w fi 1^:1 : 'ii^i;- ii l*iirti''ii- lar.>* f i]'20. Out of :],()49,000 reifiHtcrod lottery estimatod ti. have nlfiHti'nd been st'iit in 1H8}>, only 248 contuiuinp^ nionoy failed altoncriicr Ictterx iiiiHciirrHM ri,.,l to reach their deHtinatioii. The eontentrt of tl2 wore made good l)v the otHcials lu'ld rcrtponsihlo for the Iosh, 47 wore accidentally doHtroyed in transit, fJO were ntolen, in 82 tlu' contents were said to bo missing, and 21 were contained in mails which were said never to have arrived. Tlie increase in the total mimber sent, as compared with 1888, was «J1>,0()(). and the number that miscarried increased by 40. One letti r in every 15,01(1 letters registered miscarried, a much larger pin- portion than in 1888, when it was one in 18,172 letters. Nuiniurof 821. The numbers of lettei-^ and other articles sent to tlio Htiui to Dead Letter Office in each year, . ince Confederation, are given Deiul Let- 1 i„.., t.-r Office below:— 1808-1S89. LETTERS, POST CARDS. riRCULARS, BOOKS. TARPKLS, <\:. .. IJK CKIVEI) AT THE DEAD LETTER (JFKICK IN CANADA Dl l!i\(; THE YKARS 1808 TO 1889. Total Number 312,220 How DlSPOSKI) OK. Yeak. Re- turned to other Coun- tries. Deli- ver* <1 or Re- For- tiu'ued warded to to Writers. Address Re- inuining in Office or witli Po«t- luiwter. Failed of Delivery, con- tained no Value. Destroyed Re '^•■• turned . ^ "••'"••' to ,, "' Printe.l ''"^■*'^"- ^,| IIH'Ilt .fres.s. l'"l""t- nit'iit. 1808 1809 307,889 324,291 3a5,r)08 38C,810 420,880 508.100 572,127 587,370 50:^,484 0.30.847 .540,42!» 592,.385 017,712 058,762 717,271 704,731 787,110 753,489 833,742 910,929 893,298 1870 1871 1872 1873 1874 1875 1870 1877 1878 1879 1880 1881 1882 1883 1884 1885 1880 1887 1888 1889 49,9.52 03,755 0!>,a57 70,820 88,553 100,843 111,081 97,550 JH>,.3{Mi 95,184 100,462 12,045 19r>,(W9 12,54(» 219,728 14,387 235,«W(i 12,083 279,.56«{ 13,198 284,771 24,124 27.5,497 2.5,111 208,72.-. 25,744 2.58,491 2J>,507 274, 7:« 31,601 a58,213 31,.514 300,040 1 .5.58 1,380 1,4.54 2,268 2,480 2,209 2,000 14,1.55 11,414 10,«W0 10,989 202.404 270,704 270,021 2(i4,122 298,478 321,229 .343.838 320,!>.53 383,319 380,404 405,392 19.119 19.022 4,:VHi 18,259 7,44,S w,m\ 4,744 21.il09 7,.SS1 25.254 !t,oi:. 2«),239 !t,;)l.; 2«;,709 !t,821 29,109 !l,2(;;< 30,908 !),«7!l 33,509 11,.^% ■ n POST OFFICE AND TBLEdRAPllS. 251 ■.Vli. TluTu WHB a (locroase or 23,631 i" ^ha number of letters, Vnim- df \,„ ^oiit to the Dead Letter Office, vvliicli, as tlie total number of of ",i|!",V l,,fi MS liad largely increased, may be considered sfttisfactory. ''"•'■''• 'fhe iiiniiber of letters containing money or other articles of valiu- ivceived at the office during the year was J7,700, and rhoir t^\,. ISHI . . is,s.3 . . 1SH4 . . iss:, . . is,sii,. W' . . ISSS . . NuiuIht of Onicrs Ih.siu!(1. r.l5 ;•).")<) .JaM 571 (i34 *>(4 W,2 (W7 73ti 754 7»i» 772 775 7«<> mi 82(5 WM) 885 !)1() !W3 !I44 y93 !IO,l(t3 !M),(tL'7 110,021 120,521 l»i,422 Ktl.OiMi 17J»,851 181, OJH 238,«M'>8 253,1X12 2«!t,417 281,725 ,30<'.,088 3;«,2,38 372,248 41!»,«13 4«;3,502 499,243 529,458 574,899 (i30,!KW (>73,813 AtHOUllt of Orders IhhiuhI. 3,.S52,881 .S,5<)3,()45 3,910,250 4,54f>,4.34 5,154,120 (i,2.S9,5(H> 0,757,427 (i,71 1,539 ♦>,8(),920 Amount of ( )r(lt'r« ir(Hiic7 1,18.5,751 1,245,9.57 1,495,074 1,720.011 1,75(5,945 liOHses sustained. If 2,3.55 3,170 1.585 '"'478" 2,o.S7 118 797 4.239 0,100 (i.57 147 L'S«5 !10 a9 882 4,2:»5 25 1,179 .%113 > ■'iH' ■ •• i'\ NM:- •IP *X() retiiruH available. Il!l# 252 ClIAITER V. DcccftM*' in iiiiiiiiint of Dl'lK'I'M. NuniU'r of money or- (ItT orticeH by l'ii)vin- 324. There wart an itioreiiao in the mimbor of order" lont n»' 42,845, and there was alflo an increase in the amouiu .(n- „| 349,802, hut the average value of each order has h.cn n\]]] further reduced. In IHfIS it was !?87.1H ; in 1HH5, Sjo.",. in 1880, $li)M ; in 1887, $17.9() ; in 1888, $17.30, and in \HHi\[ 1$16.72. It may be argued from this, that as the count iv \m\- gresses and banking facilities increase. for the busiiuss and wealthier classes, the money order system is used |,ii,|. cipally by the working classes, who keep no banking accounts; and the large increase in the volume of business done niav li,. taken as an indication of the improve7.\. . 174, KM! \sy,.... 4!M,;<(W l!»4,tW(» 1^77 4(»!»,474 188,1U> ISJS . ;H8.S,H()8 18!>,()82 ih:ii. ... mi,\m i7ti,(H57 Ml ;w,r)8!» i8i,.')(;i issl 4H0,(IH('> 175,4(11 is,s:' m),\rio, 170,304 lS,s:f 827,2<)Oi l!Mi.4<|l 1.03.3,331' 3(14,(157 « I'ayabkf IhhuwI in in Canada. Canadii. Payabh^j InHund in I in Canada. Canada. 212,1.35 27(i,821 328,2(i4 3.*r.,2(M» 420, Odd (110,004 781,1(17 1,02.3,548 1,100,8.V.' 1,288,245 1,2.S2,(MM» 1,2()2,.S81 1,207,7.34 1,301,743 1.5('.,1.34 207,880 24(1..58(] .308,25(1 404,0.37 807.372 1,(K);{,070 1,015.358 0.50,(101 820,04(1 801,347 l,0,407 11,0!I7 22,177 24,0.55 Payable in Canada. .3,142 (1,514 7,328 .5,040 4,028 3,807 (1,014 (i,0:Kl 8,400 12,280 23,070 21,500 22, 10, 20, 24, 20, 37 4(t, 42, M, (13, 4.52 iHIl (144! 448! 1.50! 8031 002[ 1141 482 8i4 .3(1,04(1 (15,(131 02,883 12.3, .5(18 117,i>30 124,372 1(1,285 28,3(18 50,034 53,051 (12,701 (17,370 t Including all those British Possessions and a few foreign countries between which luul Canada there is not a direct money order exchange. From the above table it is seen that the lu-ineipal money order bnsinesH with other countries is transacted with the Tnitcd States, the United King(him and Newfoundland. SiiiL'o the year 1870, inclusive, the amount of money sent by this system to the United Kingdom has exceeded the amount [lavalile in Canada by $5,740,123 ; during the same period, however, the amount sent to the States has only exceeded the aiiiouiit received by $260,195, while the amount received from Xcwfonndland has exceeded that sent to the Island by ??:)00,198. *•: . \.'V ^ . :l ,,:. ■ ■ in ^Mf- ■ ' .1- 1(1 " ■ I J! ^ Im * . ■ •- •; '^ ij'hl i'- 1 ' , ■ 254 Kxcess t)f money sf^nt from Canada over amount received. Ocean mail service. ProiKjsed fast Atlan tic and Pacific Ocean services CHAPTER V. 329. With the exception of Newfoundland, it will he seen that more money is sent from this to other coi\: tries than i* received, and this may be taken as showing that iminiirrant.; settling in Canada soon improve their circumstances, and are able to send money to their friends at home, instead of liaviuo to apply to them for help. 330. The sum of $126,533 was paid as a subsidy to tho Montreal Ocean Steamship Company (Allan Line) tor tlio twui.'e months ending 31st March, 1889, for the conveyance of mails to and from the United Kingdom. This mail service has been performed by this company continuously since May, 18o(j. until the close of 1885, since which time the " Vancouver" and " Oregon," o :' the Dominion Steamship Company, havo assisted in the service, about one passage in three being nia(U' by one of these vessels. In the lirst year of service, viz., 18al), the average passage westward was 12 days 20| hours, and eastward 11 days 2 hours. The total amounts paid tliroii^li the Post Office Department for ocean and inland navigation mail service was |198,794. 331. The Imperial Government having decided to grant a subsidy of $300,000 (£60,000) per annum towards a line of steamships between British Columbia and China and Japan. and the contract with the Allan Line for the convevanco of ft/ mails between this country and Great Britain having expired, the Government propose to provide an additional subsidy for the improvement of the Atlantic Mail Service, and will alsn subsidize the line from British Columbia, so that a fast line of travel may be established in comiection with the C'anadian Pacific Railway between Great Britain, the East and tlio Australasian Colonies. Negotiations have been in progres;; for some time with reference to tlie Atlantic fast service, lint no satisfactory agreement has yet been come to with any com- pany. In the meantime the service is performed as usual hv the Allan Line. POST OFFICE AND TELEGRAPHS. 255 't ; 11 3.S2. The following particulars of the passages in 1867-68 Coini)ari- mid in 1888-89 will be interesting for comparison : — passages, > ; WINTER SEASON. ' 1889.*"'^ Ykak. Average Passage to Liverpool. Number of Passen- gers. Barrel Bulk. Average Passage to Portland. Number of Passen- gers. Tons of Freight. 1807 i!8 1SS>'<-«!I d. h. m. 10 12 44 8 23 30 1,02(5 1,517 169,375 • d. h. m. 12 12 To Halifax. 9 16 30 4,399 6,433 16,095 43,883 SUMMER SEASON. 18 1,083 171 5,280 1(5,483 73 1,150 Number Sent. 30,377,774 2,253,814 1,701,000,000 44,845,000 15,181,300 41,287,072 2,141,000,000 00..532,510 11,58(5,807 4,540,8!H» 1,174,354,(510 131,43(5,041 iK5, 280,502 00,072,015 (503,1(52,187 02,(5(58,000 35,308,210 501,020,000 20,77(5,(522 118,304,708 203,(535,(575 23,174,481 5,048,60G 7,435,0(58 23,275,001 7,502,200 30,(525,07(5 17,030,538 100,64(5,258 4,757,5;« 24,724,142 12,016,000 180,700,(KtO 230,(532,382 1,370,885 2,578,030 Nuiuher pfr Head. (!.r2(5 54 05 45 -3(5 43 00 ■17',S2 35 (W 33 Si) 31 57 31 -30 25 Oi) 22 24 2(")-41 20-51 18 14 IS 25 1307 14 01 1000 ()S7 (ISO (5-75 s-4(; 5 40 4 04 3 70 1870 3 00 2 -87 2 4., 101 1S(1 1S2 1(10 0-lS 007 PART II.- TELEGRAPHS. 335. The ptincipal telegraph lines in Canada are in private hands, and the Government only own and operate tliose linos which have been buili by them in furtherance of the public service, between placv^-s where the traffic could not be expected to be sufficient to compensate private outlay, but where public . J POST OFFICE AND TELEGRAPHS. 257 Number l)fr Head. 54 O.-) 4.-)-3ti 43 00 47 ■S2 3! IX.-) 35 -(IS 33 'Si-) 31 .-)7 31 -30 25 oi; 22 24 20 41 20 '.51 IS 14 lS'2.j 13- 07 14 01 lOdO <5H7 (iSO 6 75 8 •4(1 5 40 4 04 3 70 18-7!) 3 00 2'S7 2 4„ 101 i-8(; 100 o-i,s 007 iiitt'ivsts required that there should be communication, ^.giiecially in connection with the signal and other stations ,^^;tal>li>hed by the Marine Department along the shores of the Gulf <>t St. Lawrence, the Maritime Provinces and British (;olaml»ia, and also for the advancement of settlement in the Xortli-West Territories. :j:j(;. There were 1,394 miles of land lines and 174 miles of Situation f 1 ' cable along the St. Lawrence and eastern coasts, 903 miles of" *"'''^' liiiul lilies in the Territories, and 294 miles of land lines in Briti^^li Columbia. The principal cable lines on the eastern coasts are in connection with the Island of Anticosti and the M.i2;(lnlen Islands ; and in British Columbia, across the Straits lit' Georgia, and between Vancouver's Island and Washington Territory. ^ _ ^ , _ :!o7. The following table gives the length of the various Partic•uIar^^ linos operated by Government on 30th June, 1880 :— nlnH'T"' I WD AND CABLE TELEGRAPH LINES IN CANADA. OWNED AND graph Oi'KRATED BY GOVEKN.MPINT IN THE SEVERAL PROVINCES. lii>e«. ' •'■'h' ■ ■• Jl u»- ^ i;' r . <•> r VI 1. r. « - 'i "... 1>' GOVEKNMEXT TeLEUK.VPH LiNES. N.wfnuiuUand (subsidized line) — I'liit mix Bascjues to Cape Ray. . . X(iv:i Scotia— Syflnt'V to Meat Cove Low Point to Lingan I'iiUTinj,'tun to Cape Sable I.sland. Malioii to Cheticanip Niw Binnswick Bay of Fundy Lines Cliatliani to Escuniinac • ^•lU'beu — Magdalen Island.H Anticosti Island . . North Shore of St. Lawrence Cliicoiitinii < Quarantine, Urcsse Isle Ontario — IVlfc Island Xurth-Wt'st Territory liiitish Cohnnbia Total , DiJSTANC'E IN MlLE.S. Intermediate. Grand Total. Land. Cable. 14 14 127.^ 5 IG 1 ■" 21» 42 J'i } m 242 4G0:i !>2 4<; 733 444 3!lJ (V ' - 1,08(54 23 1)03 21)4 i 31^ !)03 2f)4i 2,440i| 183A 2,«235 .,1 j 17 If.'- 268 CHAPTER V. Tel(■gl•a^)h lines bdilt and HuhMi- dized by ( Jovorn- nifut. 838. In addition to the above lines the Government have built or subsidized the following lines : From Canso to Ilnlit'a.v. :20S miles, maintained and operated by the Western Union ToU.. graph Compan}^ ; south shore of St. Lawrence, Grand Metis to Gaspe Basin, 206 miles, operated by the Great Nortli-AVosti^.m Telegraph Company, and the Bath-Amherst Island lin,.. ,s miles, operated l)y the North American Telegraph Co]ii])a!i\ making a total of 3,045| miles built or subsidized by Govern- ment \ r Revenue 339. The uext statement gives the revenue and exponditiuv ditun-uf in connection with the construction, working and maiiiteiianoc luentThi's, ^^^ ''^^^ different systems for the year ended 30th June, lM,si) ;__ 1880. (government telegraph lines in CANADA- EAKNIXCS \\i, WORKING EXPENSES, imx Lines. Gulf of St. Lawii-nce and Maritime Provinces — Antieonti Island Magdalen Isfands (including Meat Cove lines). Cheticaini>^Mabou Cai)e Sable — Barrington Chathaui — P^scuminac (irosHe Isle Quarantine Bay of Fundy North Shore, St. Lawrence Subsidies, office materials and contingencies . . . . Ontario, Bath — Amherst Island " Pelee Island North-West system Excess of Revenue Total excess of Exjunditure. «--ue. ^^^ ■'\2 l,(i!»2 27.") VA 132 21(5 720 2,(571 .1 46 70 (>,41t .s 4,1()7 (VSI);-) 778 3(>8 243 7,178 1,074 7,;>40 l>,!)3(i 45 70 2.5,138 KxiH-iuli tiirt'. :i7;i:, .■).173 :m m 111 Six '\%'.t lt<,7i'4 12,817 03,802 , r»U,!iSil I *.")<.), lis:') *The Signal Service and Meteorological Service messages are transmitted fncnf charge, and the cost of construction of new lines, amounting to over .*ill,0( (•, is included. A considerable mileage of new line was built duin;; 18^9. and a large amount of repairs and re-poling was done. POST OFFICE AND TELEGRAPHS. 259 ■ ' ' ■ .■■:il- ;U»». The following table gives particulars of teleo-raplis in all Teie- 1 i "^ • J.1 11 ^ graphs in tin- [iriiicipal couiitnes in the world : — inmcipai c(tuntries. TKLKGRAPHS IN PRINCIPAL COUNTRIES IN THE WORLD. ■i *■-. COUNTKIES. Miles of Lini'. Miles of Wire. Number I of I Messages. hiinipt' - Vu-riiii-Hungary 35,(r<7 iv!--iuiu 3,HW \humark 2,433 FiMiu' ......_ (12,347 I ;, 1111:111 Knipire r)r),74S {WvAt Britain 30,4.30 (iivc- 4,128 Itiilv 1!>,108 N.t'li.ilands 2,0!M( i'ditii^'al 3,210 Hu>si:i ; 73,(K)0 Hdiimiuiia 3,324 SiTvia 1,<>24 SiKiiii 11,512 Swrdcii and Norway .... 10,017 Suit/.iTland 4,4(K) TnikfV 14,(517 A>ia ! China 3,089 India ' 30,034 .raiiaii i),85.5 IVisia 3,824 Africa Ciipf of (icjofl Hoik- l,32it i'Vypt 3,172 .'.iiit-rica— Aiv'iitine Republic 4,410 Caimda 20,2.30 lUa/.il (),440 Ciiiii !l,000 Mexico 10,540 Peru 1,382 United States 100,000 rni^'tiay 1,1(52 Australasia — New .Soutli Wales 12,000 Victoria 1,004 t^hit eiislaud 8,225 .South Australia ' 5,4.5!.' Western Australia 2,405 'IVsniania 1,772 New Zealand 4,54(5 J_ *State lines only. flndo-Eurojiean chuliiig shipping and weather rej>()rt8. Persons to each Ottice 105, .570 12,711,405 4,885 i 8,114 17,000 (5,708,108 031 (5,380 (5,800 1,300,187 341 (5,182 220,870 23,001,3(i0 8,030 4,750 108,214 21,750,348 14,0i»0 .3,12(1 180,0(K) 53,403,425 (5,(521 5,743 4,800 72(5,547 1(51 12,204 7,58(»,!(78 3,530 8,401 *i7,oio 3,(522,810 (557 (i.()S3 7,408 1,730,107 275 ! 17,121 170, 2(M) 10,200,7'.K) .3,(152 28,407 (),()()(» 1,231,.372 207 18,518 7(55,883 3,540,8(50 114 014 1(5,003 28,870 18,847 23,438 2,102,8.50 505 13,220 l(^,(i()4 3,184,470 1,3(53 2,157 2(5,(MiO 1,250,133 464 54,(53(5 .5,482 8(5,35)0 2,51(5,82(5 (534 320.(5.53 1.5,000 2, .5.58, .575 280 13(5,254 (•.,124 t83,(.»00 82 1 03,337 770,500 (501,8(50 203 1(58 7,0.38 5,423 40,570 ii,;i(;o (52,020 11,185 .50,320 776,28!V 20,707 10,111 14,443 10,312 2,3.50 11,178 ().58,4(il ^ :^5, 032, 8(5(5 3(57,780 ; 533,5iM5 I " 'VlO,(V)0' 8(),0 ' . .w'i^ M'-'i'-','^ ' •ir 1:1 ;' : , 260 Tclpgrapli mileage of the world. Canadiaii Telegr.ij)h companies CHAPTER V. :341. According to the Amorican Almanac for 1889 the total lengtli of telegraph lines in the world is 735,906, of whieli the United States owns the largest portion, or just about one- fourth, but though that t'ountry possesses about 160,000 miles of line more than the United Kingdom, the difference in the number of messages sent is small, and the Western I'niou Telegraph Company of America, which possesses 171,375 miles of line and 616,248 miles of wire, sent 1,939,470 messages less than were sent in Great Britain. There are, it will l)e seen, only six countries that possess a greater telegraphic niileatre than Canada, and with the exception of one or two of the An -itralasian colonies, no other country possesses the snuie •'' legraphic facilities in proportion to population. 342. The telegraph business of Canada is in tlie hands of the Great Xorth- Western Teh graph Compan} , the Canadian Pacific Railway Company, and, in the Maritime Provinces, the AVestern Union Telegraph Company. The following are par- ticulars concerninir them in 1889 : — CO-Ml'ANV. Miles of Line. Miles of Wire. Number of Messages. (heat North- Western Telegraph Co Canadian Pacific Railway Co Western Union Total I7,7i;» ti,(X>0 2,H1»7 32.iH)5 1II,(J00 7,4i»2 2»M51<' r)!),3!l7 3,825,581 720,(MM» 450,285 4,!l!)5,8(i(i Nuiiil)er (.f Ottic.s. l.-»!li; (;.■)() is:, •-',.'];ii Press messages are not included in t^ " number sent by tlie Canadian Pacific Railway Company, particulars not being available. There is now direct communication by the Cana- dian Pacific Railway system between Halifax, N.S., and Vic- toria, B.C. POST OFFICE AND TELEOUAPllS. 34:'). The telephone nystem of Canada is almost entirely in the liantls of the Bell Telephone Company of Montreal, which has 825 offices, 18,114 sets of instrnments in use, 4,407 miles of p< >les, and 17,489 miles of wire. The r umber ot messages sent wiis about 37,137,450. The abo^'e ligures do not include Xova Scotia, New Brunswick, Prince Edward Island or British Columbia, all of which aro n-orked by separate companies, particulars of which are not at hand. The longest distance in which audible speaking has been accomplished by the telc- [iliouc is between New York and Chicago, over one thousand miles, and the next longest distance, between I'aris and Mar- seilles, iiQ'l^ miles. 261 ]i)uiiie in Ciinada. • ■ ' b 1 . 1 %':i^:t.,- i I liii lit ^'**:'!( i' •2G2 The agri- cultural industry. Crops ill Ontario, 1SS!I. Yield of ^'rain crops 111 Ontario, liS.SiS and 188!). CTTAPTER VI. AGRICULTURE. 344. Caiuula is essentially an agricultural country, aiid in s[)ite of tlie extensive mineral resources which are waitiiiM I'ui. (levelo[)ment, the agricultural industry. must ahvays l.c the most important one, for while tlie value of imports and cxjuirts of animal and agricultural produce maybe exceeded hv tlmt of other industries, the number of persons depending on uuii. culture for a livelihood far exceeds the number dependino ,„, any other pursuit. 345. The 3'ield of fall wheat in Ontario in 1G89 Mas small and the (piality generally inferior, owing to heavy rains in June, succeeded l)y a protracted drought, while spring a\ In^ut was of a slightly better quality, but the average yield was less. The total wheat crop oidy amounted to 18,()!»!i..")7i' bushels, being 8,161,304 bushels below the average of rioht years, and the yield per acre was only, of fall wneat l,r8 bushels, as against an average for seven years of 19*4 busluls, and of spring wheat 14*3 bushels, as against an averag" of l-r6 bushels. Barley and pease were fair crops, and tlu- yioM of oats was large, but the weight light. 34(5. The following figures, published by the Ontario Iliircaii of Statistics, give the yield of the principal grains in 1888 ami 1889, and the average for seven years : — YIELD OF GKAIX CROPS IX ONTARIO, 1888 AND 188'.». Chops. 188<». Average . Viel.l •\^-''^"' foi- seven '"'t''- Years. I"''- -^'■'■'■' Bush. Fall wheat . 13,830,787 Spriiij^ wheat 6,4r)3,r)r)il P.arley 23, 3t)( J, .'>«)!• < >ats (w,4(>('.,'.ni Rye 1,21(5,302 Pease 14,2,;■);■)! 1 lir4 r),»)!>7,7()7 8,M(»4,317 15 i; 23,;i8(i,388 2<».218,.0 2(1-4 AGRICULTURE. 263 H ;J47. The yield of root crops was inferior uiid generally Yiiiii <>f lielow tlie average, while hay was good and above the average, iuOntivrio, , 1 ,1 ,. 1-1 . /. ' IHHS and ;i5 jhown by the lollowing ngures : — ihsk. yii:ld of hay and root crops in Ontario, imn and ism. Choi'h. lav ami clover. . , . I'dtatiif-i Maiitrf'l-wiirzelM. . , Carri't-i Tiiriiili^ IHHS. im.K Averrtgf yifld for Meveii Yearn. i\vi'i'ng«) yiflrl jKi-r .VcrH. Tons. 2,00!),017 BuHh. 22,273,(i07 10,()2(>,(>r>!» 3,Hi»S,.5H4 47,«40,237 TollH. .3,728,.313 BiiHh. 7,22.3, 47H a,431,i).")!> 37,021,2(50 ToiiM. 3,041,077 BuhIi. 1H,34H,728 7,750,874 3,571,114 3il,23«,84J> Tons. I 3ti JjUsIi. lis 7 423 1 341 (7 ;^8(i-5 :!4S. Contrary to general expectation at the commencement Ci^iih m lit rlu' season, the yield per acre oi tiie gram crops m Manitoba ihhii. ill 1889 was al)Out the smallest on record, owing to the dryness of the .season, bnt the weather at harvest time was most tavour- jihlo, and the several crops were takr" -If in exceptionally good condition. There was an increase of 191,111 acres in the area iiiuler wheat, but the yield was much below the a\ erage, the iliiantity per acre being only 12*4 bushels. The following are [lartirnlars of the principal crops in 1889 : — crops in MANITOBA, 1H8<>. Crops. Yield. Yield |>er acre. Wheat . . I lats . . . . llarW, . I'utat'ops Hay.... Bush. 7,201,519 .3,415,104 1,051,551 1,393,385 Tons. 199,501 Bush. 12 4 l(>-8 13 (5 119 Tons. 104 Average Yield per Acre. 1883 1HS7. Bush. 200 33-7 25 '8 205 Tons. 1-.53 ti-lV; m i 264 CHAPTER VI. H {■:■' A . •rf » - ■ riici'fitiHC in area iiiulcr cnltiMitinii wlicrc in Caniiiiii. Wii.iit Clop I if Canadii. l.SSS. Impfn'ts & exp'ti'ts f)f whe.vt and utiier breadstuffs l.S(J8-18,H!». Ji4!>. There was an increase as compared with 1887 (thoiv are no fisfures for 1888) in the area under wheat cnltiviitioii ot 44 percent., in that under oats of 41 per cent., and in ii,;,, under hadey of 43 per cent. 350. The Deitartment of Atcriculture, Quebec, leportvfl the crops of liay and o-raiu to be good, and the only weak in,,, and that on account of rust, to he potatoes. No returns aiv collected of the yield of the respective crops. In the Mnriiiim. I'rovincos reports were generally good, but in this case also ik, returns of (juantities are collected. 351. The total wheat crop of Canada in 1888 pro!»ab!v did not exceed 33,000,000 bushels, and if the amount of wlirat and flour imported ior homo consumption, viz., I,17li.s2i; bushels, be added, the total quantity available would havi been 34,17Jt,826 bushels. Of this quantity 1,081, IGiHuislul. were exported, and at the rate of 2 l)ushels to the acre 4,6ti0,17ri 1)ushel8 were retained for seed, leaving 28,498,481 busho]> available for home consumpitioi- , being at the rate of 5*07 busliol. per head of popai^ilion. Tlie consumption in the previous year was calculate^! to be <)'31 bushels per head, Init tlic quantity of wbuat may have been rather over-estimated, audit is likely that the ligures for 1888 more nearly represent the consumption. Tlie consumption per head in the United States varies in different parts, but an average of 43 bushels per cajiita has been fixed by American statisticians for the whole iniinii. The consumption in the United Kingdom is about 5| l)nslieN per bead. 352. The following tal>les give the values and quantities of imports for liome consumption and exports of Canadian prodiirr of wheat, flour and other breadstuffs, and also the total iniport- and exports of the same articles n each year since Co :- federation : — (.. .■ AiiUICULTlRK 'JOo 1,1 K OK IMI'OH'IS OK WIIKAT. Kl.OlIf AND OTIIKR MIJKAH ^11 KKS, KOH lloMK CONST MITION. AND KXI'OU'I'S OK THK \.\IK. HKIN(i THK I'KODl'CK OK fAXAUA, DL'UlMi KACH OK TIIK VKAKS iHiw TO IHSil, INCLl'SIVK. VKAIi KNI'KI' HdTH .IlNK. Wh.at. is:-' i\;( is;.. IMTIi IS?'.) issl ISSL' iss;< 1S.S4 ISS,-' ISSII 1: 3,!mi,()'_»4 \^\>>* l.sCi' is;(i I 4,(»;«),ii."j is:; 4,iMH.,s(i.s 74 !t.!ll(),r>.j| 4.4r>;{,;t4i (■.,IM»!t.(12] ,(m2 .074 l.^l(^S•J4 (),r>HM4s H.itr)7,4(M; 7,!>S(> r.4.104 .S(;o,(i;<4 47,i>74 3r)!»,(t!tS r).").,s()4 iH.;ii;: I»,(i4.") •M KM'OHTS. Tm POUTS. Kloul-. :!i.- 8 2,o7!t,.'nr> l,(i7'.»,<»(MI •J.223,r>(;!t •J,ir)7,i"74 l,H42,fM;'' 1.7.'^H 2,t(;2,i>i l.'.KIC. L',!t7;'i,W,i i,.s74,7r}f; l,4H0,33!t riHr),2(!r» !tl!t,7!»!l !t41.0.-)7 1,.'«7..S(;4 2,43.\44(i l.Mti."),01(; 7.SH,4(i4 (i3!M21 t>4-_M!i7 l.(MI(».30l ( )tlier HreadstutfH. Total. 1,1)03. 1)1)4 .\43.S.!).S4 l.*J27,t3 i4.(wi I 11, :>.");■), oDi; ').1{»5 14.n32.7M.1 l!).7t iM l))< lL',)>74.7-'4 > '' 11,41-_>,:..S7 ..>. -W i 14.14!),1S1 .■.,;i"il.ti2l i l.S,73(!..-)2r. !),3M!).r,13 2,0(i4,144 2,77(i,S74 3,!).")1.WW 1,.")20,!)42 l..S02.!)71 2,131.033 2.llti.l72 2, 122. 1.*)') l,7!»<).H4(i l,r)l)4,175 1,724.!)H2 l.D.Vl.StNl 2.173.(iO<.l 3,432,124 .3,:.01,21i) 4.H4!),t;34 4,31 4, DCO 2,43S.443 2.3S2.41(i 2,20(i.l3S 3.1,S(i.(;44 VI- isds iKti!) 1N7") 1S71 1S72 1S73 1N74 tS,l) ts7!i ISSO 1SS.S l,s;-i4 iss:, ISSli l,s,s7 isss INS!) 3,(!4S.«)H1 3.1S3,.HS3 :<,7o:..173 1,!)S].!)17 3,1)00,.")S2 (;,023,S7C' H.SSC. 077 4,!).".!).73(i 2!)S 2,742.;^:i r>,37ti,i '.'•"! '4. >i) r).!)42.o42 2..">!)3..S20 .■.,1SI».33,") r).ssi,4ss S12,l)23 l,!)tit;,2S7 (•.,741 <;, 4,74.\13S l.SH( 1,470 471,121 2,(i21»,r)40 1,!)4.S,(1!)(; 2,302,14!) l,(i01),H41) 2,071. !)14 2,!)03.ir.4 .{, 11)4,072 l,.'i4:..242 2,17>.:W!) l.4s:,. ;:,441 12,204.002 0,r)!)o,7f>0 7,03(;.172 4,1)20. ' 10 S,."i.S4,007 2, Mi"), !),-);■) ' 10,22!),02S 2,322,144 l,r)80,0l!) 040,(Mi8 .S, 512,811 S,83i»,04r» 11,722.,si3!) 13,04.S.4!)4 8,512,212 .'),22!).rfiO 11,802.2.")0 4,848,370 13,775.700 0,424.824 18, .-.05. 573 !),8()3,320 10.308,304 lo,!M)7,248 1!),834,!).35 7,08.5,1)31 11.1)13,752 8,4(M),242 10,51.5,!)O3 17.381,!),S2 2.!)30,i).-»5 10,40!).0n3 l!).342,00O 2.173,108 ' 12,13!),803 10.1)00,731 :J,748,!).H8 ' 10,88!),703 24,81!),O80 '8.0: ,071 1,025,!)!)5 8,007,233 Io..".o0,151 550.5.30 ^ 1),221,040 11,744.403 3,02.5.804 1.744,!)(;!) 10,01)2,135 14,802,1)08 !),021,577 10,088.851) li,l)71),3oo 1),1).50,234 otl lm|M>rt.s of New IJiunswick pive in. detail i.f free goods. tNot separated from K'f hrea( Istntfi IMAGE EVALUATION TEST TARGET (MT~3) 1.0 I.I |50 "^^ lllllaM ■^ 1^ 12.2 L25 B51U 11.6 I HiDtDgraphic Sciences Corporation 33 WtST MAIN STRHT WiBSTIR.N.Y. MSM (716) •71-4503 > ;\ \ 266 CHAPTER VI. QUANTITIES OF WHEAT, FLOUR AND OTHER BREADSTUFFS nr PORTED FOR HOME CONSUMPTION, AND EXPORTS OF THK SAME, THE PRODUCE OF CANADA, DURING EACH OF THV YEARS 18(i8 TO 1889, INCLUSIVE. iii'-:i-"7:- \ ' V I -\ ' > I Year. 1868*. 1869., 1870., 1871., 1872. , 1873. , 1874., 1875. , 1876., 1877., 1878., 1879., 1880. , 1881. 1882. , 1883. , 1884. 1885. 1886. 1887., 1888. 1889. I. M PORTS. Wheat. ! Wheat Flour. and 1! Flour. Bushels. 2,734,809 ....t.... 4,402,773 4,201,657 4,168,179 5,821,390 8,390,443 5,105,158 5,8.55,656 4,589,051 5,63.5,411 4,210,165 10,176 76,652 345,909 44,097 298,660 373,101 6(5,084 22,540 12,042 15,167 Barrels. 234,589 349,248 326,387 392,844 376,772 278,832 288,056 467,786 376,114 549,063 314,520 313,088 101,799 197,581 172,517 264,956 531,188 540,108 201,327 169,629 62,482 2.58,813 Bushels. 3,907,754 1,746,240 6,034,708 6,16.5,877 (>,052,039 7,215,550 9,830,723 7,444,088 7,726,22(i .7,334,3(MJ 7,208,011 5,775,605 519,171 1,(M)4,557 1,208,494 1,368,877 2,9.54,600 3,073,641 1,072,719 870,685 324,4.52 1,179,825 Barley. Bushels, t .... t .... t .... t .... t .... t .... t .... + 34,099 3(>9,801 302,147 43.2.33 14,009 16,933 9,491 1(;,465 28,093 14,.573 8,212 5,0.53 (»,856 6,852 Maize. Bushels. 746,976 2,.582,314 666,327 1,319,-552 7,328,282 8,833,992 5,331,307 3,679,746 3,(!35,528 8,2«)0,079 7,387,507 6,184,237 1,677,445 2,043,309 1,812,-552 1,.595,725 2,290,289 1,498,4(53 1,823,383 2,029,061 2,311,757 2,894,838 All other Grain. Bushels. 1,464,392 3,591,948 791,. 502 1,468,853 .577,599 1,374,980 643,982 294,(539 (581,185 1,772,882 2,319,(515 2,11(5,7(59 87,934 81,914 92,487 243,742 61,817 2(59,910 109,880 36,872 121,105 18(5,775 OtIuT Bieud- Stlltf,S. Pounds. (M!74,!l!l.3 21,';4(;,3HK 14,217,411 l<»,94(;,!»2r) 42,74.%(;32 (So,r),s7.3r)!) 54,720,!i21 41,474,()(ll 40,14(;,212 71,952,!I40 o(>,3u;'),r)l)2 54,8S7,04,'> 4(1,804,141 52,()r)7,4!)3 51,lM(;,3i)S 49,93(i,,')0(t 51,8,S3,3.-)r) (52,387,3(10 51,121,881 58,.374,37S 53,(;41,884 (51,()4(),81.j Exports, 1868.. 2,284,702 383,344 4,201,422 +4,0.55,872 10,057 3,54.5,-598 14,577,!l(i4 1869.. 2,809,208 375,219 4,68;),303 J4,(530,069 6,093 1,847,722 9,27!l,97r) 1870. . 3,557,101 382,177 5,4(57,98(5 +(5,(563,877 14,6(54 3,701,0(55 19,!I!»2,.V2() 1871.. 1,748,977 30(5,387 3,280,912 J4,832,999 23,954 1,737,899 19,973,070 1872.. 2,993,129 453,158 5,258,919 J5, (50(5, 438 102,243 1,989,917 12,847,420 1873. . 4,379,741 474,202 (5,750,751 +4,346,923 706,(519 1,807,8(50 13,a51,300 1874.. (5,581,217 540,317 9,282,802 +3,748,270 23.5,864 2,805,308 i2,im,m 1875. . 4,383,022 302,783 5,8!>6,937 +5,419,054 28,399 .5,941,070 8,357,ir)0 1876.. 6,070,393 415,504 8,147,913 ilO, 168, 17(5 9,299 5,088,34(5 14,547,000 1877.. 2,393,155 268,605 3,736,180 6,34.5,(597 1,512 4,935,294 8,(i!».5,t;00 1878. . 4,393,535 476,431 6,775,(590 7,2(57,399 655 5,252,98(5 37,9(il,02 1,.5(59 9,584,929 30,100,(i00 1881., 2,523,673 439,728 4,722,313 8,800,.579 1,284 8,154,228 2O,33r),!K)0 1882.. 3,845,035 469,739 (5,193,730 11,588,446 49 9,233, .501 1(>,72!),200 1883.. 5,867,458 489,046 8,312,688 8,817,216 252 4,(559,589 1(5,952,000 1884.. 745,526 197,389 1,732,471 7,780,262 11,924 4,567,281 19,051,700 1885.. 2,340,95(5 123,777 2,9.59,841 9,0(57,395 18,885 5,,593,508 21,357,300 1886.. 3,419,1(58 386,099 5,349,663 8,554,302 494 7,785,692 28,4(51,(100 1887.. 5,(531,726 520,213 8,232,791 9,4.5(5,5H54 2,507 6,415,0.59 22,375,(100 1888.. 2,1(53,754 a50,115 3,914,329 9,370,158 322 2,816,202 12,04(l,80(i 1889.. 490,905 131,181 590,314 9,948,207 4(55 2,694,471 22,(12(1,.')00 "Imports of New Brunswick give no detail of free goods. fNot separated from other grain. +Rye included, i Rye flour included in imports of flour up to 1876, in- clusive. )[■* r^*» — Otlier Breud- Htlltfs. . Pcmiicls. (2 »M;74,!I!I3 18 2],';4(;,3H8 )2 14,217,411 )3 i(;,04(;,!»2r) »«) 42,743,(;32 W <>o,r),s7.3r)!) \2 r)4,720,!i21 Kl 41,474,()(ll «5 40,14(),212 52 71,i»r.2,!l40 5 r)(;,a5:-v-,ii2 )i> 54,8S7,()45 (4 4(vS04,141 14 52,or)7,4!l3 i7 51,lM(;,3i)S (2 4<>,tt3(i,,-,0(» 17 51,883,355 L(» «2,387,3);0 M) 51,121,881 •2 58,.374,37S )5 j3,(i41,884 ro ()1,040,815 w 14,577,!l(i4 22 !),27!l,975 1« l!»,!l!)2,52() )9 lit,!»73,070 17 12,847,420 tK) 13,a51,3(K» )8 I2,m;,m ro 8,357,1.50 k; 14,r>47,000 J4 8,(;!»5,t;oo m 37,!)til,000 )» 25,21',»,300 2!» 30,100,()00 28 2O,335,!)00 01 1«>,72!),200 89 l(),il52,000 81 19,051,700 08 21,357,300 it2 28,4()l,(iOO 59 22,375.(i00 02 12,04(i,8(Hi 71 22,()2t;,500 AGRICULTURE. VALUK OF TOTAL IMPORTS INTO AND EXPORTS FROM CANADA OF WHEAT, FLOUR AND OTHER BREADSTUFFS, 18(t8 1889. Ykah ended 30th June. 18(i8*. IStiO . 1S70 , 1871 . 1872 . 1873 , K4. 1875 . 1870 . 1877 . 187^^ . 1870 . . 1S80 1,^81 . , 1882 . 1883. l,'vS4 , 18S5, W-^O . , 18.'<7 . l.'<88 . 1S8!I . I8i;8: 1870^ i87i: 1873 . 1S74. 1875 . 1870 . 1877 . 1878 . 1.S70 . \m . 1881. l.s.><2 . 1883. 1884. 1885. 1880 . 1887 . 18,H8. 188!). Imports. Wheat. 3,946, ... .t 5,523, 11,21G, 4,4.53, 6,894, 9,910, 6,657, 6,01M), 4,84(i, 6,510, 4,469. 8,079, 7,801, 3,358. 5,912, 3,876, 3, 10 J, 2,229, 3,152, 4,(^, l.<>77, 624 m 003 341 504 .551 652 074 824 148 79(5 073 593 571 181 132 422 792 478 582 178 Flour. 1,850,444 2,079,315 1,75(5,176 2,700,111 2,164,091 1,842, {W9 1,739,377 2,462,618 1,906,298 2,964,273 1,866,101 1,486,661 5!K),342 1,112,964 l,084,02t) 1,.518,296 2,602,548 2,273,a55 844,290 657,194 254,097 1,093,718 Other BreaclMtuffH. Total. 8 S 2,045,374 7,842,442 5,421,895 7,501,210 1,241,820 8,.521,1(K) 2,094,690 16,010,804 4,971,t534 11,.589,066 5,883,741 14,621,214 4,052,778 15,702,706 3,571,041 12,()91,311 3,424,154 11,420,.526 «!,300,.582 8,944,139 15,046,712 8,420,785 10,416,«J36 4,102,210 ll,(»3l,128 9,748,795 13,549,876 9,636,505 8,1.53,610 11,703,374 3,359,192 5,061,005 5,190,424 7,859,.538 6,416,954 1,744,957 2,629,540 1,948,(596 2,302,149 1,609,849 2,(571,914 2,958,(5(52 3,274,1.S0 1,583,284 2,205,4(57 1,525,230 2,757,(588 2,603,118 3,019,717 2,469,1*00 2,941,740 2,703,078 1,440,675 716,739 1,875,979 2,366,472 1,603,712 7(59,478 .5,926,441 (5,5!K),7(iO 7,03(5,172 4,920,446 5,22t>,7(50 8,452,818 8,13(5,1(52 11,398,9.^4 12,383,291 10,850,898 11,372,470 11,342,8(55 12,715,136 14,7(5.5,712 18,2.50,340 10,8(:0,760 11,279,-5(51 10,.533,283 11,525,-527 10,(583,-501 9,314,275 11,109,338 12,204,062 11,722,8.39 1.3,043,494 8,512,212 11,802,25(5 20,3i557519 2(5,457,004 21,403,003 2.5,005,394 16,478,338 25,761,28(5 23,694,77K 29,284,72<) 2(5,872,117 29,34.5,(5JK) 25,267,212 1(5,079,428 1(5,311,027 18,-591,930 20,i»09,.511 17,3.34,941 13,(523,773 * Amount entered for consumption only, as regards New Brunswick, t Not separated from other breadstuff rt. t The value of produce of Canada only. 267 m ■'■'■It'*" •I*. r I; ••,'/ ;.■*.;: ; 1 -j .; : .,,tl > *■■";, " -,*■•. t ■ ■■'■i,r::-Z'.t'-r:'^'-- ..%. >^' . I. ■;i ■;,!> ■ ' • - ,'.! .V. .. .!-.!'U! •v-\:- , '■>. ^ -.'1. f ■ «• - ■ ■ CHAPTER VI. (QUANTITIES OF TOTAL IMPORTS INTO AND lOXPORTS FROM f'w ADA OF WHEAT, FLOUR AND OTHER BREADSTUFFS, l.S(„s i,s,s.^ Year ended 30th, Time 18(>8*... 18<><).... 187(». . . . 1871.... 1872. . . . 1873. . . . 1874.... 1875.... 1870.... 1877.... 1878.... 187il.... 1880.... 1881. .. 1882. . . . 1883. .. 1884.... 1885..., 188)}. . . . 1887.... 1888.... 188!».... Imports. Bush. 2,734,801) .... t.... (•,108,454 10,0.50,547 4,1(18,081 5,804,(>30 8,.3!M),443 5,105,irxS 5,858,13(5 4,580,051 5,0.S5,411 4,708,733 7,521,504 7,330,(J80 2,031,220 40(51,374 3,(i04,442 3,128,143 2,373,230 3,550,844 5,.S21,717 1,724,085 272,875 340,248 343 7(»0 485,003 370,421 27(5,048 288,15<5 4(57,78(5 37(5,114 540,0(53 314,520 315,044 113,035 23(5, 4a3| 200,71(5 301,455 5(55,277 5(55,5(52 215,301 174,353 (55,187 270,371 Bu«li. 4,(J00,184 1,740,240 7,887,200 13,37(5,012 (5,050,78(5 7,184,870 0,831,223 7,444,088 7,738,70() 7,334,3(5(5 7,208,011 (5,343,0.53 8,08(5,7(50 8,521.854 .S,034,8(M) (5,4(58,(540 (5,430,827 .5,055,053 3,450,185 4,422,(500 5,(547,(552 2,082,154 Barley. Mai/.e. All otlier (irain. Bush. Bush. Bimh. ...t.... 715,424 1,(M50,020 ...t.... 2,5(51,240 3,591,048 ... + .... (5(5(5,327 701,774 ...t.... 1,310,5.52 1,(532,0,53 ... + .... 7,328,282 577,447 ...t.... 8,834,225 1,374,010 ...t .... 5,331,307 (543,082! ...t.... 3,070,74(5 294,(523 34,000 3,(53.5,.528 081,21o 3(50,801 8,2(50,079 1,772,802^ 302,147 7,387,507 2,310,(5.-)4I 43,233 7,017,421 2,1.54,3471 15,(535 (5,377,387 20,5,0(58 1(5,033 7,454,802 0.5,541 1 ".(,401 3,018,031 90,024 l(i,4(>5 2,425,(5(58 2<»4,227 28,003 5,00(5,412 2tK),3;« 14,717 3,508,529 340,804 8,212 4,.528,878 231,580 5,053 5,304,630 .50,020 (5,85(5 3,401,91(5 148,(507 0,852 7,340,729 .5.53,852 ( »tllH' I5iva(l- stutfs. Lb... (l.()(>2,S-iS 2l,(i4s,2;a 14,7l).S.!l.-)7 li>.744.i:5 14,752.21H 1877 3,550,095 27(5,430 4,941,200 (5,587,180 4,0^3,174 5,9(58,(588! H,817.3iil 1878 8,r>09,243 470,245 10,905,4(58 7,543,342 3,98,,;)')0 .5,380,,52i»j 38,200,1(12 1870 0,7(57,555 580,77(5 12,071, 43<5 5,30.3,212 .5,420,359 .5.930,158 25,774.3',il 1880 12,1(59,493 .5(51,484 14,97(5,913 7,241,370 4,547,942 9,(522,(505 32,458,4X2 1881 ' 9,092,270 501,4.55 11,599,554 .S,800,.570 5,257,(504 8,154,302 20,81t.3,57ii 1882 , (5,433,.533 .508,120 8,974,133 11,.588,440 2,229,!>00 9,235,442 17,0!M1,()4II 1883 10,73:^,535 52(5,.340 1.3,3(55,255 8,817,21(5 819,(505 4,704,8!Kt 17,(!i)1.3ik'< 1884 1 3,021,188 2H4,'m 4,443,708 7, 780, 202 3,80(5,474 4,730,319 2(),3r)4,!l42 1885. . . I 5,423,805 1(51,054 (5,229,(»75 0,007,395 2,007,074 5,619,799 22,127.12S 1880 1 5,705,874 415,.307 7,782,859 8,554,302 2,(5(57,401 7,851,134 29,(524,2711 1887.... ! 9,127,045 .531,1.52 11,782,805 9,45(5,9(54 3,373,704 (5,41.5,208 2.3,28!i.817 1888 7,209,094 355,883 9,070,100 9,370,1.58 1,203,195 2,81(5,.353 12,38(i,iili.'< 1880 1,785,.S49 15(5,3(50 2,428,605 9,948,217 4,386,2.50 2,775,403 2(!,4!l3.1ii'< * Amount entered for consumption only as regards New Brunswick, f Not sejiaiatK', from other grain. | Rye included. Ij; The produce of Canada only. *• ., im- Tm.-''.-.:' ii|MH«; ;?■. -f '. 'iWi '■'■^•t FROM PAN- "<, lS(;.s issii. ther in. Rh. 0,929 1,948 1,774 2,053 7,447 4,910 3,982 4,(i?-'< l,21r, 2,81»2i 9,6541 4,347i |5,0<>S; 15,541 1 10,924 14,227 I0,3;« i9,894 11,580 .9,929 18,607 13,852 < )tliHr Uivad- stuffs. Lb>. <>.(!<12,S2S 21,(14S,2:» 14.7(i.S,!).-i7 111, 744, 1811 4:i5(;!i.232 <>^N774,.3:.li ■).S,(lll,41o -12,217,317 4().2!i!MiM 72.sr)!),2,S.-. .">.■), 11 ii,!Ht: r)7,''2);,2i;!i 47,12(i,31.-. 5H,570,224 r).").s22,.")2;) 51,22(i,147 r.2„S01,7-!ii (■.4.a;i,!tvi 5i,r.2ii,,")2i; 57,.")2S,2(W 54,(178.474 6a,377,,')3ii I 15,598 17,722 )1,'"- i7 «l )5,325i )7,693j 19,2951 >8,688 <0,529 J6,158 J2,(i05 34,302 35,442 )4,899 i6,319 19,799 }1,134 15,208 1(5, .353 75,403 14,r.77,!iii4 9,27!t,!i7"i 19.!t!)2,:.2ii ''t,!l73,(i7H .2,847.42(J 13,4.").S.IX)4 l.S,l(;2,.")7ti S,3(;2.7ii'-' 14,752.21H H,S17.3i;i 38,200,1(12 25,774,3!ll 32, 458,4X2 20,8'.t,3,r)7(i 17,0!Hl,(i4li 17,(i(ll,3(^>t 20,3r)4,!l42 22,127.12S 29,(;24,27'.i 23,28!i.317 12,38(i.ii(i.s 2(i,4!)3.1i)S t Nt)t seiiaiatKi AGRICULTURE. 353, The very marked eiFect which the impobltion in 1879 of a small duty upon wheat and flour had upon the imports of the same, will be visible at once, on examining the first two of tlie pivceding tables, and it may be estimated that in conse- quence of the adoption of that policy upwards of $5,000,000 have l)een annually retained in the country which would otherwise have gone into the pockets of foreigners. 354. During the week ended 1st October, 1887, the price of wheat in London was the lowest touched for 125 years, viz., 28s. 5d. per quarter, or 86 cents per bushel ; and the steady tlill of late years is shown in the following table, which gives the average price of wheat in London and the average export price in New York in each year since 1871 : — 269 Effect of the Natio- nal Policy. •- : 1 1' M .' "■ ' it • '» , ' V . .. «. '■!*■ *■ • j " 1 . 1 » ^'■:;!.- {■H-'- n»'.; '/i\J ml' . ' .:!( ' :. "Jm: ■ Price.s of wheat. »■: ■.•■ ^^.^-■r.:M-\ T Lr: •,-i" London. • New York. 1 Year. Price. Year. Price. Year. Price. Year. Price. 1.^71 1S72 1873 1874 187.) 187(; 1877 1878 187» §' ots. 1 73 1 73 1 78 1 70 1 37 1 40 1 73 1 41 1 33 1880 1881 1882 1883 1884 1885 1886 1887 1888 $ cts. 1 35 1 28 1 37 1 2«; 1 09 , 99 94 99 096 1871 ■ 1872 1873 1874 ; 1875 : 187ti 1877 1878 1879 1880 !? eta. 1 31 1 47 1 31 1 42 1 12 1 24 1 1() 1 33 1 06 1 24 1881 1882 1883 1884 1885 1886 1887 18«8 1889 iS cts. 1 11 1 18 1 12 ] 06 86 87 89 85 89 ■ ■• •! ■. h • , t ' • ! ■*■ • .1 •x - - ■ t' '■y' % 355. The principal wheat-exporting countries are the United Wheat States, Russia, Austria-Hungary, British India, the Argentine principal Republic, and the Australasian Colonies, and the following countrief, figures give the estimated crop in those countries in 1889 : — ^^'^*** Bushels. United States 490,560,000 Russia 188,535,989 Austria-Hungary 136,020,.333 British India 243,076,549 Argentine Republic. 11,350,000 Australasian Colonies 26,205,957 ■ ^ 1! j.i 1 ^ " \ .■ ' ■ V 270 CHAPTER VI. ■ ■"•, . . . ■' 4ii*;-.. ■ •.. : ( ■ ' . ■ • • . • . 1 ■ ' ' iC ■ . ' . t 1 ■i ■ ■ . ' I ^ lii ?!'i ' ' \\nieat crop of the world. 1889. Wheat crop of the United States, 1889. Average wheat yield in princii)al countries. 356. The total estimated wheat production of the world in 1889, as shown by a subsequent table, is placed at2,041,07.).()27 bushels, being about 4,000,000 bushels less than in 1888. 357. The wheat crop in the United States in 188!) ^vas 74,692,000 bushels in excess of that of 1888, while the crops in the other four principal wheat-exporting countries were in tlnj aggregate 107,929,505 bushels less than in tb'^t year. 358. The average yield of wheat per acre in some of the principal wheat-producing countries is given below : — COUNTBY. Year. Yield per acre. Country. Year. Yield I't'l-ilCl-e. (rreat Britain Austria 1889 1887 1888 1888 1888 1887 1888 1888 Bush. 29-89 17 (55 19-24 18-18 19-47 8-JH) 9-21 10-80 New South Wales. . . Victoria 1889 S. 1883-87 Kush. 13 -ie 11 -.T) Htinjfarv South Australia < hieensland. . . Western Astralia. . . Tasmania New Zealand Canada* 7'7.S France ior)t; German V 11 71 Hussia IH.'^l India United States 2(1 04 IS'T.s Share of princiiml countries in import of wheat into the United Kingdom, 1871-1889. * Ontario and Manitoba. 359. The United Kingdom is the largest importer of wheat. and the British demand has a most important eftect on the prici' of wheat almost all over the world. The following table, taken from the report on the Foreign Commerce of the United States^ 1889, shows the share of the principal countries in the import of wheat into the United Kingdom, during the years 1871 to 1888, inclusive : — TV .-. -n . -f -<-■ *■■' i AGRICULTURE. 271 1889 13 lis o 11 a-) sg 10 -.y. CD S un ^^ 18-31 a 2t)()4 1-87 is-7,s er of wheat. on the price table, taken lited States. the import jars 1871 to \]5Li; SH0WIN(4 THK PROPORTIONATE QUANTITIES OF WHEAT IMPORTED INTO THE UNITED KINGDOM FROM THE PRINCIPAL WHEAT-EXPORTING COUNTRIES, 1871 188S. Imported khom. KuHsia. I'er cent. Germany Per cent. British North America. Per cent. United States. Chili. British India. Per cent. Austra- lasia. Per cent. Other Coun- tries. Per cent. Pfr cent. Per cent. 1S71... 3;} -37 I»(i0 8 52 35-22 1-33 50 0-84 8-02 1ST2... 37 70 10.87 4-53 20-23 3-52 0-34 1-17 21 04 1S73. . . 18-78 5 '85 8-3('. 42-17 ' 3 -.50 1-43 4 -05 15-80 1S74... ll'7(i 813 8'71 55 10 4-47 2 -18 2-35 7 24 1S75. . . 17 (Xi 11 11 6'83 44-20 1 51 2 24 2-13 14-83 1,S7(1. . . 17 17 (5 72 5 35 42-81 105 G-a5 5-48 14 17 1S77... 17 33 11 03 5 14 37 -10 1-28 !)-02 0-71 17 73 1S78... 15 32 10- 5)1 5 03 .50-27 0-00 3-04 2-02 0-72 1S7!>. . . 11 12 (5 -52 7 33 01-12 2-04 1 22 3 15 7-50 ]m... 4-33 412 »)()3 05 -''1 2- 12 4-72 0-74 5 02 1S.S1 . . . mr^ 4 34 4 40 (i4-05 1-04 10-29 4-(>4 4-80 t8S2. . . 12 01 (5 id 3-87 .55 72 2 13 10-51 3-83 5-02 1SH3... 1.5 !)1 «25 2-87 47-57 2 72 13-30 3-30 8-08 18S4,.. 8 34 4<)5 3!Hi .53-74 1-00 12 -(MJ 811 7 24 i8,sr). . . 14 •8« 4 (11 2 -.58 47 -!K) 2-00 14-08 0-00 0-38 1S8()... ()03 3 43 ()'20 .58-05 2-74 17-75 1-31 4-40 1,^7... 7 51 2{)0 (>()7 01-45 2 !«) 11 -.52 1 83 5-13 W.)... 21)22 5 J»l 2-53 30 0!) 200 11 01 3-15 9-40 360. The United States share of exports was less than in any Decline of year since 1877, while that of Russia was higher than it had profitable been since 1872, and the advance that this country has made ^^^^*' as a wheat-exporting country during the last three years has been very marked. The proportion from British India was about the same as in the preceding year. "Were it not for the British demand, it is questionable whether wheat would be any longer a profitable crop beyond the limits of home consumption ; and, ill any case, one thing appears certain, as pointed out in a previous issue,* that only under some unexpected and untoward circumstances can wheat ever approach in value to the prices of former years, and it would be well if the farmer, especially in the older settled parts of the country, could be brought to understand this, and turn his attention from rais- * Statistical Abstract, 1887, pp. 224-225. 1 . ..-.■, i y1 ••>■•.• : > (,• t ?i* ■it' I "- ■' * . r -H' ::c. =-Jlffl 'l-J y-'i.'\^:Mk J-' •iiw'-iVll'' ^:. , ] ' ■r" ^"1 »>-rr r^ ' ;> m '"i ^ '. am I '*>■' 272 CHAPTER VI. .4,"-<' ..'> .^' It''?^^,-.:: r .' ■^■•\' 1 rf li* t '. • '( 1 value i)f wheat per acre in I'nited States and ( )ntari(i. InijKjrts of wheat into the United Kingdom, 1888. iiig wheat to what he will find far more profitable, \h, -i good system of mixed farming. The statistician of the Dci.ait- ment of Agriculture, United States, says that Western EiiiKpo alone now is left " to supplement its nearly full gamers witJi the contributions of all other countries, those of Europe iucluilvd. Of the average 4 bushels consumed 1 )y each inhabitant of Ku i( ii )o, only ahulf Inishel comes from other continents and this isjjiacti- cally the measure of the market for the wheat surplus of the world." 361. According to the returns of the same Department the average value of wheat per acre in the United Spates in 18S8 was $10.31, and according to the Ontario reports for the sanie year the value per acre in that Province of fall wheat was $17.14, and of spring wheat $17.42. 362. The following table shows the t Bulgaria Denmark Turkey France Sweden Spain Other countries . . . . Total. 5<),()3s,i(n 40,r)83,24S 15,243,tl7-l 8,70(),!)81 4,778,011 4,441,070 3,8«5,7t)0 2,773,r.07 2,t>4(),37!) l,37o,84.j 547,2411 448,801 300,487 2G8,288 81G !I3 3,732,1)02 14(5,345,572 AGRICULTURE. 278 Its viz., ii 11 En rope lers witli iuelndod. ( isjtracti- "H ot'tlio tnient tlie es in 18S8 tht' same k'heut was vheat and 1888 ami UNITKI) Bushels. 5<;,(aH,l(n 40,o83,24« 15,243,ti74 8,700,i)81 4,778,011 4,441,670 3,8«5,7ti0 2,773,(W7 2,64(!,37!» 1,375,845 547,24!l 448,801 300,487 208,288 810 93 3,732,r)02 146,345,572 303. The figures given below of the wheat crop of the world Wheat ill ISSH are from the March, 1890, report of the United States world, pepartment of Agriculture, and are partly official and partly ostiiiiated. The figures for Canada, it is thought, are about corivct. WHEAT CROP OF THE WORLD IN 188». CofXTUIKS. XdCtli America— I'liited StateH ( "iiiiada Sotitli America— Ai>,'eiitiue Republic Cliili '... Kni'dlie— _ Austria Himjfary , lielffliun . . . . 1 >eiimark France ( Jermany . . (ireat Britain Inland ( Ireeee ... Italv Netherlands Portugal Koumania Hnssia, exclusive of Finland Servia Spain Sweden Xurway Switzerland Turkey Asia— India Asia Minor Persia Syria Africa- Algeria Kgyi)t : Ca|« of Good Hoi)e Australasia Total Bushels. 41tO,5()0,000 31,217,4{»4 11,350,000 12,768,750 42,000,000 94,020,333 10,000,000 5,000,000 316,268,36!) 82,000,000 75,576,.S83 2,»»0,838 5,000,000 103,832,354 5,675,000 8,512,500 44,784,a-)3 188,535,08!) 5,000,000 75,622,213 3,708,045 283,750 2,270,000 39,725,000 243,076,549 36,r.87,500 22,500,000 12,768,750 22,500,000 7,945,000 3,800,000 26,205,957 2,041,075,627 ''if 4.. ^ • «. ■ '|::4v':-nl'4;-- ■: h i'Y . ' "*"• ■'4-, '■'i; -.■••:- ■...«• • .- <. 364. With a view to creating a market in England, an Experi- extensive series of experiments has been conducted at the tw"TOw*S 18 barley. . . . •• . 1 ■■• ,1- .-' : ■ 1 '''i'l: :'■ :■!'' .1'' , "Vit (i! V^ ]W^j. '.-V^K.. ^' '■ «# . • • \ ; -. # .», J,. » ■■■'■ ' i'. '■'..'■ V. » 1?') . • 1 • * '■ I >'[ ■ « • •■ .' •. » ' <■ 4 . « ' . .' •'■.1' ■'! • ' ... i ■:■< . " i ' '. 274 Barley crop of Canada CHAPTER VI. Experimental Farmn for tlio purpOf*e of ascertaining wlutlio)- two-rowed barley could be successfully grown in Canada, and what varieties would be most suitable, and what districts most likely to produce the best results, and in order to cover as large an area as possible, sample bags of seed were distrihiitod among farmers throughout the Dominion for cxperiiiiiut. Space will not permit any detailed account of the results of the various experiments,* but tlioy were sutKcient to slmw th.'it, even in an unfavourable season for barley growing, tluiv is a wide area over which two-rowed barley can bo grown with advantage, and as, in order to command a ready sale, it is absolutely necessary that this kind of l)arley should bo entirely free from mixture with any other kinds, the Govorn- raent early in 1890 purcliased 10,000 bushels of "Carter's Prize Prolitic" barley, for distribution among fanners in two-bushel bags at cost price. f This system was adopted in Denmark in 1883, and as a consequence that country now exports l)etween two and three million bushels annually to Great Britain. Experiments were also made in Nova Seotia in 1889, under the auspices of the Provincial Secretary for Agriculture, and certain quantities of " Sharpe's Im[ierial Chevalier" barley (two-rowed), and of six-rowed barley from Ontario, were distributed among the farmers, the result l»einu' rather in favour of the Ontario barle}', the season having boon unfavourable in some places for the English barley, wliidi takes longer to ripen. These experiments will doubtless bo repeated this year. 365. The quantity of barley produced annually in Canada is probably about 28,000,000 bushels, almost the whole of which is of the kind known as &.x-rowed, and the principal market for this barley has, up to the present time, been the * See Central Experimental Farm Bulletin No. 6. t As evidence of the interest taken in the question by fanners, it may be noted that within twelve days of the receipt of the circular announcing the fact, upwards of $6,000 worth of applications were in the hands of the Director of the Farms. AORIOULTUKE. 275 Unitctl States, Caimdia!! ])arley being largely used by Aniori- ojiii iiiiiltsters, and being mucli superior to anything grown on the other side of the border. The total quantity of barley (.xjtorti'd from C^anada in 1889 was 9,948,207 bushels, of which li,!)34,o01 bushels went to the United States. Americans, liowover, are not oidy paying more attention to the production of l)iirU'y, but are also using to a large extent substitutes for malt in the manufacture of beer, and the demand for Canadian liiirli y is said to be falling ott*. In view of this fact, and of the praitieally prohibitory duty which Congress proposes to place on Itai'ley, the importance of the success of the experiments with two-rowed barley cannot be under-estimated. Apart tVuin other considerations, one point of importance is, that if liarU'v can l)e raised in sufficient (piantities and of sufficient (|uality to satisfy the English maltsters, the profit to the tanner will vary from 50 cents to 80 cents per bushel, which i^ considerably more than ho makes now on his six-rowed liarK'V sold to the United States. 36*5. Owing to a falling off in the demand for imported imports of stoik on the Chicago market, and to the prevalence of disease k^**' '^™ in (ireat Britain, the importation of stock from Europe for breeding purposes was much less than in 1888, as shown by the following figures : — MMI5KR OF CATTLE, SHEEP AND PIGS IMPORTED FROM EUROPE, 1884-1888. \ • ■ - . . * [...>:. • • .. • iv.HV ' .. » i> • ■' 'iiiroiw. j» 1 ■ _ •■f Ykap. 1S84. 1885. im\. 1887. 1888, 1889, Cattle. Sheep. 1,607 473 1,356 255 1 601 328 162 488 229 2,01(5 150 600 Pigs. 26 37 16 10 86 70 , i| 18J rv f: : :% ■ ■ ••" ■ if' <• wit li If' '. ' ■ ■I ;. i 1 ,■ . - •Ir .{ • .': .1. M i m il» . . . . ■ I' •:,<.'■ ■: lit : ■: . i! , • ■, • ■ • ., ■ • . « '-I i . ;-.:'v;^ f ■ 'J • ,' ,", ¥ 7, '• . I- *. ) .■ < .*• • . , 276 CHAPTER VI. I'lirticu- 867. Of tlio al)ovo iminl)or 17H sheei) wiTO for tlio Vu\\vi\ IiivcIh itii States, uiul all otliert* for Canada. Tlio partioularH i.f tlic |MII't)'(t. I 1 !.• II ' uivcds are nn tollow : — CATTLK. Hliortlionm 2 Kt'rry 4 W.'Ht MiKhlaiulM 23 I'oll.'il AiiK»m !li» Hi'rt'fordH 1 .Ternj-y i{ ('((U-niiif (Fn-nch) .S I'urticiiliirH of 10 not K>v«n. MHKKP. Sim »| whir*' 5(K) Oxford Down 2S W»'.>*t HiKlilund 5 OotMWold 44 Fat Tail 2 Moiitlidown s HanipHliini Down 11 DoiM't 11 PIGS. Hf ikuliirf 3!> Tani worth ft Yorkshin' 'Jl AVitli tlio oxroption of one animal slaughtered on utcoiint of tuborcnlosis, no disease of a eontagious nature appearod in any of them. lniiK)rtN of 3G8. The following comparative tigures of the total im[M)rtii- 1H8H and ' tioii of stock iuto Canada during 1887, 1888 and 188U show *^"' tliat there was a considerable increase in the last year. especially of horses and i^attle, almost all of which wtTu imported into the Territories : — 1HH7. Horses 412 Cattle r)41» Sheep (i,53S» PigH 202 The number of sheep imported into Manitoba amounted to 2,635 showing that the industry of sheep-raising is on the increase in that Province. Exiwrts of 369. There was an increase in the number of cattle and a cattle and falling ofF in the number of horses and sheep exported from 1874W>. Canada during 1889, as will be found in the following table, which gives particulars of the export trade of Canadian live stock since 1874 : — 1S8H. 1S8!(. 84«} 2,041 454 .3,!»84 3<),<>2*! 34,03(i 2,4(58 2,132 AORICrLTURB. KXr<»l{'l'H OF HOUHKS, CATTLE AND HIIKKl', THK TUOUl'CK OF CANADA, 1874 TO 188JI. -t. 277 Vk.mi km>ki> HoitHKH. CATTt.K. Hhk;i', ;tlClM .ll NK. Nunilwr. Vftluf. Numlwr. Viihie. NuiiiImt. Value. is:4 5,.'W!» 4,;W2 4,21MI 8,:i(N> 14,17!» l((,021l '2\,:m 20,020 13,010 ii,r)or. 11,078 i(;,r»25 18,770 20.307 17,7(i7 570,544 4tiO,(i72 442, :«w 77!>,222 1.273.728 1,370,704 1,880,370 2,004,037 2,32(i.037 l.(iJi3,2t>l 1.017.820 1,554,020 2,147,r.H4 2.2(i8,8;iS 2,ir)8,231 2,170,722 .•^0,023 38,008 25,.357 22.050 20,025 4(»,500 54,044 02.277 (12.100 00.3IH1 8!>,20;i 143.(M)3 01.800 110.274 KM (.747 102,010 l.Oi 12.803 8 051,200 823,522 001,148 715,750 i,i52,:m 2,(HN),000 2,7(14,437 3,404,871 .3,2r>o,:«o 3.808,028 5,081,082 7,377,777 5,825,188 0,480,718 5.012,713 5,70H,12(l 55,81.5,080 252,081 242,438 141,187 2(M»,80i( 242,080 :«W,003 .308,740 354,155 311,000 308,474 ;<04,403 335,043 350,407 44.3.405 305.074 300.131 4.007.284 H 702.504 1S7."> 1H"ti 037,501 507,538 is;: isrH is:ii 583,020 000.3.37 088,045 \m issl ISS"' 1.422,8;iO 1,372,127 1,228,057 iss,s l,388,o:)(i iss-l ISS,') 1,544,0»»5 1.201.071 m'l ISST 1,182,241 1,502,107 \)i)l„'< 1,270,040 ISSII 1,203,125 Tctiil 227, iVM) 25,055,470 17,040,2tM) ", •*('* '• M *•: .' 370. Somo idea can bo t'ormcd of the extent and importance Total va- of this trade when it is soon that the value of the horses, cattle ^d during and slicep exported during the last 16 years has reached the^''^*'""* oiioniious sum of $98,520,749, and, as the above table shows, till' dimensions of the trade are, subject to lluctuatiuii, contin- ually increasing. 371. Previous to 1872 no meat, either live or dead, was Liw cattle exported from this country to Great Britain, except a certain tmde to (|uantity of salted beef, and the export of live cattle may be \\l\^^in. md to have commenced in that j'ear — the first shipment l)eing made through the United States, owing to there being no vessels trading to Canada suitable for the purpose. Since - that time, however, vessels have been built specially fitted for the tarrying of live stock ; and this circumstance, by reducing tho rates of freight, has contributed largely towards keeping the l)usiness a fairly remunerative one, in spite of the fall in iii- ■ ' ■ > li' I * ■ .«■ - . "■■■•, • ■ i i ■'1 ■ ■Sif^" ' ' liip- 1^ i ■ I A. :•■ i'. . 1 J, '•*:.■■.- . «"'V 278 Exj)ort» of live cattle to (4reat Britain and United States, 1874-18«(>. CHAPTER VI. prices and the reduced demand, owing to a much larger home supply. 372. Tlie following table shows how rapidly the trade with Great Britain has increased since its inception, and the ij;roat difference in the value of the exports to that country and to the United States shows how much more important is the trade with the former country. This difference in value is, of course, explained by the fact that only first-class heasU specially fed, are as a rule shipped to England, while all sorts and conditions of animals are sent across the line. KXPOKTSOF LIVE CATTLE TO (JREAT BRITAIN AND THE UMTKD STATES, 1874-188!». Cattle Ex pouted to Yeau. 1874 1875 187»> 1877 1878 187!t 18S0 1881 1882 1883 1884 1885 188() 1887 1888 188!» Total (Ireat Britain. Nuniber. Value. (>3 455 (!38 4,(M)7 7,433 20,587 32,(580 4!»,40<» 41,510,000 55(i,512 142,280 33,471 83,250 315,230 (W(],700 1,571,211 2,202,1(!1 3,157,000 2,70(5,051 3,209,17(5 4,(531,7(57 5,752,248 4,008,327 5,344,375 4,123,873 4,002,1(51 I'^nited States. Number. ^^•^l 3(5,(571 34,(551 20,800 I3,a5i 17,(557 21,31(5 1(5,044 7,323 15,014 23,280 30,503 (57,758 25,3;« 45,7(55 40,047 37,3(50 724.2:)4 (»7'-',(h;'. 4(i(; 44,030,200 454,377 0,147,.%.S Export-s of 373. As regards value, the same remarks apply to the next Great table, whicli gives the number and value of sheep exported andUnited to the United Kingdom and United States during the same im-im. period:— HE UMTKD ed Statis. A'ahif. s 1 724. 2:14 1 (;72,(Mi', !) 4(I4,:m I 2(1S,3,7 7 ( ;«»,:)(;•: } 401'. 7! Ill 4 2.S7.(i:,7 3 1 ir)4,s:.i 4 1 4l.'.S,sii7 [) r)iii.:)s:i } S!i;i,7:i:i 8 l,411.(14l> S (k<;<.uii4 J H87,7'i. 279 m^- ■■1*'' ' ,..♦• ..■^f Ykar. Sheep Exported to (Jreat Britain. United States. Nunit)er. 1S74. 1S7:>. lS7ti. 1S77. 1S7S. 1S7!I. 1S,><||. issl. I,ss2. iss;(. isst. iss,-). ISSd. 1SS7. ISSS. ISS'.t. Total. 3,170 11,1»85 54,421 10<(,50<> 80,222 71,55(> 72,038 105,(>(>1 51,3,55 3(!,411 (i8,545 30,421 43,477 Value. 21,9(>8 «J8,402 3a'i,531 (!25,232 5!t4,5!H) 510,152 032,38<; !tl!»,4!)5 45(),13G 317,087 5(i8,433 211,881 303,000 Number. 248,208 230,808 135.514 108,820 223,822 240,573 270,202 2(i4,812 233,002 228,541 102,244 274,002 313,201 30.3,04(5 a")3,'t00 307,775 Value. •S 689,888 017,032 487,000 530,(i48 (i00,]03 ♦»0,174 771,128 748,045 70O,.504 723,(i55 5iM5,724 773.401 820,884 074,482 1,027,410 018,334 ^-^F,. IV J* ■.?f^v[!^-iv:^ i.& i V 738,768 5,563,208 4,101,120 11,035,002 i•:■?:^.^ 374. The figures in the preceding tahles arc taken, in order to show, comparatively, the trade with Great Britain and the riiited J^tatcs, from the Trade and Navigation Returns, and are for the fiscal year ended 30th .June, iiut the returns made to tlie Department of Agriculture of exports to Great Britain, as well as those kc[>t in that country, are for the calendar year, and the following figures show the exports of cattle and sheep to (Jrcat Britain in each calendar year since 1882 : — i:X PORTS OF CATTLE AND SHEEP FROM CANADA TO GREAT BRITAIN, 1882 1880 (CALENDAR YEAR). Exports of cattle and sheep to (rreat Britain (calendar year). "h; >'T Ykar. 1SS2 . W'A 1SS4 ISS.") iss(; 1S,S7 lM.s^ ISS',1 Cattle. Sheep. No. No. 35,378 75,005 55.625 114,352 61,843 67,l!t7 00,1.58 38,.-)34 64,555 04,207 64,621 3.5,473 ()0,828 46,1<>7 85,053 .58,083 m *!■;, '^m » ■ > , It" M\ ■»■. 1. 280 Total iin- jKjrts of cattle into Great Britain. Extract • from the *"■:*"' * Meat Trade'* -•':-^-i ■■.■•■, Journal. • i. ■■ • ^ ■ IniiK)rts of cattle and sheep into ( i reat Britain, 188!». CHAPTER VI. 375. The exports of cattle last year, it will be seen, Aveio tar ahead of any previous year, and there seems no reason to doubt the continued increase of this trade. The imports of cattle into Great Britain in 1889 exceeded that of any pre\ious year since the inauguration of the trade, the total inmiber having amounted to 502,158, being no less than 170,91i0 in excess of the average of the three preceding years. 376. The Meat Trade's Journal (Liverpool, Eng.), after re- ferring to the large number of cattle shipped from the riiitcd States, says : — " With resjtect to Canada, which last year (K'cupied tliird jilace, it now iaiik< " second, contribnting nearly 17 per cent, of onr live supply. A large i)niiHiiti(iii df " this went to Aberdeen in the shajK^ of lean cattle, nearly l(),()fM) head having; Uhm " consigned there to fill up the gai)s caused by the continued restrictions against iiisii " stores. 'I'he past year has l>een the ' banner " year of Canada's live exjxirt li\isiiitss, " her wonderful total of M4,000 markinfj an era in tiie coniniercial deyelopnieut (if tlic " Dominion which many on this side wdl regard with much satisfaction. ' 377. The following table of imports of sheep and cattle into Great Britain in 1889 is taken from the same journal : — IMPORTS OF CATTLE AND SHEEP INTO GREAT BRITAIN, ISi^ii. CouNTRiKS FROM WhknceExpohtki). : Cattle. Sheep. Per cent. Cattle. SilfC]!, No. United States 2l)4,3iK) Canada 84,444 Denmark 77,!I42 !>,472 14,1()7 Netherlands Sweden (xermany Spain Portugal Channel Isles Norway and Iceland . Falkland Isles Total. 11,58!> 7,02(i 2,482 *i4(> No. 17,!lll) r)(j,(>28 ir)3,3ti2 l(t8,04() 12,4»i8 l!>3,lill 44,2<.I0 2,tM;.*) r)8()2 10 82 l.-)-.-)3 l-8!» 2-83 "2-31' 1 40 0-41» Oil 2 (14 22 li-.' 211 :'i 1N4 2N4!i i; :^4 (LSI 502,158 677,!«»3 100 00 Klin.Ki Impor- tance of quarantine I'egulat'ons in Canada. 378. The above table shows how large a proportion of the meat supply of England Canada is gradually assuming, and the fact quoted aboveof nearly 10,000 lean cattle being shipped to Aberdeen for fattening purposes, shows how absolutely nwcv sary it is to maint.iin the jiresent strict quarantine regulations Jr, ■: . t r )2 L' 114 (2 SX, ia 22 ly ») 211 ■•-'1 <3 1N4 2S'4'.i tl 10 lit 1 (i .•)4 •• (131 AGRICULTURE. 281 in consequence of which thifi ' -ntry erjoys such an immunity from disease that she is allow . to land cattle alive and have them sent further into the country, whereas all beasts coming from the United States and Europe have to be slain on landing. Xlio withdrawal of this privilege would immediately put an end to the trade in store cattle. 370. The shipment of cattle direct from the ranches in Alberta siiipment to till' United Kingdom, while it has been proved to be per- AiAdeen. fectly practicable, has not yet been found to be ver^' remunera- tive, owing partly to the lateness of shipping and partly to ' want of proper accommodation between the shipping point and Montreal. It i)0ssibly may be eventually found more profitable to ! kv->; W' : i.il ■!l'^;^i^||ni1j.i: .1". - « > ..I t 1 ¥ 'Wc^' . I' Li' ''■■• 282 Consump- tion of meat in London. Canada as a meat exiwrting country. Provisions oxijorted from Canada, 1874-188!). F!. •■■• • • ' » ' 'f • ■1 .,,■ • . .' '"'-*'. ^ '1 i vfi. I( :mi . CHAPTER VI. 381. Some idea of the amount of meat consumed in London may be gathered from the fact that the quantity of dead meat received in Smithfield market in 1887 amounted to 2<;0,000 tons, in 1888 to 264,000 tons, and in 1889 to 276,000 tons.' 382. Canada has obtained a foremost place in Great Britain's list of meat-shipping countries, and as there seems to Ijc no limit to the demand, so there need be, practically, no limit to Canada's capability of supplying it. 383. Successful as the live and dead meat export trade lias proved, there are other articles of food for which there is an enormous demand from Great Britain, and which this country is well adapted to produce, and the following tables give the quantities and values of provisions exported from Canada in each year since 1873, and the countries to which thoy were sent : — QUANTITIES AND VALUES OF PROVISIONS, THE PRODlCK 01' CANADA, EXPORTED FROM THE DOMINION, DURlXd THIl YEARS 1874 188i). Yea 11. Bacon, Hams, Pork and Lard. Beef. Other Meats. Cheese. Butter. 1'4'tr''. Lbs. Lbs. Lbs. Lbs. Lbs. I)(IZ. 1874.... 3:^,(i07,4(i.5 (•.,(>10,01(> .... t .... 24,050,082 12,23.3,04(> 4,-i(i7,r.;<4 1870.... 13,344,:«4 2,0<;(),400 .... t ... 32,342,030 0,2»>8,044 3..')21,(n;,S 187<>.... 12,r),2!>7,r)8<> *5, 420, 800 .... t .... 35,030,524 14,001,781> r.,()2:),!i-i8 1878.... t;,8()7,841 .5,134,244 1,043,037 :i8, 054,204 13,00(J,(>2(; 5,-_'i;l',!ii'(i 1871t... .5,457,887 2,050,072 712,510 4(),414,035 14,307,077 5,14(I,.Sl>2 1880.... 11,3.')2,413 (i!»2,842 1,337,140 40,3(i8,078 18,53;5,302 ti,4.">L',r),S{) 188L... 12,142,034 1,372,800 1,2)10,317 40,25.5,523 17,(>40,401 0,(»'.MI,1,S.-, 1882.... 11,1(I0,2()1 740,742 1,701,200 50,807,040 15,101,830 10,4!I!I,(I,S'J 1883.... 5,112, 40C. 028,728 2,212,175 58,041,387 MOfM-i" l.'i, 451.411) 1884.... 8,!Hi3,712 423,015 1,078,2.50 00,755,423 8,075,r)37 ll,41Mi,S;V) 188.').... 8,771,082 542,200 '.M)1,0(11 70,()55,3(»7 7,;«0,788 11,.")4L',70;{ 188(>.. . . !t,008,385 533,353 1,431,710 78,112,027 4,(Mi8,741 i2,7r)N:i;t' 1887.. . . 12,202,325 450, 7W) 1,7!K),022 73,(i04,448 5,4a5,r)00 I2,!i4.5,:v.'r. 1888..,. 7,38i»,128 .5.50, tUiO 3,8(W,274 84,173,207 4,41.5,381 14,170,H;V.I 188i».... 4,443,381 440,158 1,554,504 88,534,837 1,780,705 14,0L'M,,Slia *Mutton inchided. tNot (?iven. . IP in London dead meat to 2(i0,000 )0 tons. at Britain's IS to 1)0 no no limit to tradi" has thoro is an liis country !S give till' Canada in tlioy were K)l)rCK (IF TKIX(i THK KgK's, Doz. 4,4(>7,r):u ;i.:)L'i,(i»is ;i,,s.s(t,.si:{ "),((•_>:), ira r>,L'(;2,'.ii'(i r),i4((,.SL".' (;.4.vj,r),s() !t,()'.Hi,i;r. 1(»,4!I!I,(IS1» i.s,4:)i,4iii ii,4;i(i..^:m ll..")42.7(tt i'2,7r>.s,ri:t' i-2,!)4r),:v.'i'. 14, 170,^.1 14,t):iM,,si« AGRICULTURE. VALUE. § ■S § 8 S S 1S74.... 2,120,770 270,308 3,8(>8 3,523,201 2,(520,305 587,51(0 lS7."i.... i,ii4,mj7 133,747 3,7(50 3,88(5,22(5 2,337,324 434,273 I,s7ii.... l,133,(Wti 140,108 !tJI,855 3,751,2(58 2,540,81(4 508,425 1,>*77.... 1,535,475 375,lt74 185,328 3,748,575 3,073,400 534,801 1S7S.... 5()4,87» 451,87<> 24(5,(585 3,lll»7,521 2,382,237 04(5,574 Kit...- 3:32, 402 148,587 1(«),3!»3 3,700,300 2,101,81(7 574,01(3 is«o.... (532,543 41,!I48 134,54!> 3,803,3(5(5 3,058,0(51) 740,(5(55 ISSl.... 8!tl,!H0 83,7;« 117,232 5,510,443 3,573,034 1,103,812 ISSl'.... 1,17!>,348 4{»,7i»8 150,145 5,500,8(58 2,1)3(5,15(5 1,(543,701) iss;i... 575,082 40,722 205,355 . (5,451,870 1,705,817 2,25(5,58(5 1SS4.... 85!t,745 27,4(i!» 171,728 7,251,!»81) 1,(512,481 1,1)(50,1!(7 iss:).... 758,015 34,517 (57,104 8,2(55,240 1,430,1M(5 1,830,(532 ISSd... ()7!>,485 28,745 121,570 (5,754,(52(5 832,355 1,728,082 1SS7.... !»55,3«2 22,14t> 1211,002 7,108,078 1(7!(,12(5 1.825,551) isss... . (>8(>,(M>1 24,0it5 335,1(84 8,1(28,242 71(8,(573 2,122,28.'J 1SS!I.. . . 407,884 27,1)70 103,145 8,1)15,(584 331,1(58 2,150,510 STATKMKNT OF THE TOTAL (QUANTITY AND VALINE OF PRO- VISIONS, THE PRODUCE OF CANADA, EXPORTED FRo:\[ THE 1)((MINI()N DURINO THE YEARS 1874 1880, AND OF THE PRINCI- PAL COUNTRIES TO WHICH THEY WERE EXPORTED. Vkah. 1 Total. 1 Valve Ext OUTKO TO j (Quantity. Value. (ircat Britain. Ignited States. N ew- foinulland. Other Countries. Lbs. $ 8 s S .s IS74., , . 8.3,12(5,412 0,12(5,051 7.084..34;) 1,741,948 24(5,273 53,481 1S7:...,. (52,302,4(50 7,010,21(7 (5.21)9.78(5 1,18(5,121 344,278 80,112 IS7(i.. . . (57,455,740 8,174,23(5 (5.(585.03(5 1.111,428 31.3,548 (54,1:24 1S77.... 82,870,(528 l(,453,(;.->2 7.41)3.8((5 1,524,770 338.2(15 9(5,872 1S7S.. . . 72,(501,322 8.280,772 7.((3(5.345 1(84,901 218,88(5 49,(540 1S71).. . . 77,104,323 7,053,732 (5.((11(.827 811,011 180,180 42,714 isso.... 81,1((55,.311 8,501. 14(( 7.27((,871 91(3,(5(55 204,15(5 32,448 W\.... 1(5,.345,87(5 11, 280.1(111 1(,8.'?1(,842 1,11K5,205 20.3,730 4((,392 1SS2.... !)5,;i58,(5(53 11,4(50,024 1(,023,.*)52 2,153,-527 233,949 48.1(9(5 iws.. . . !(4,278,2r)8 11,2.35,432 8,432,(543 2.53(5.2(54 222,057 43.8(58 l.'W4.... 1... . 112,81)2,414 1((, 144,8(53 8, ((8(5. 742 1,8.3(5,834 194,(547 2(5,(54(( ISS7.. . . U2,l(.5((,!(l(l( 11,020,173 8.71)1(,001 1.943,973 244,439 32,7(50 ISKS.... 121,(552,!K51( ;2,81(5,1(38 10,380,015 2.2S4,300 197,700 33,1(23 IWll.... ! 117,805,084 11,1)4(5,151 0.480,580 2,25.3,(580 178,(534 3.3,257 With the exception of cheese, there was a general falling off in the quantities exported, and a decrease of |i949,787 in the total value. The largest share went, as usual, to Great 283 1' ,_ • • ,, 1 ■* ■ ,. ■ ' i'f- "' ••• f.V.i '"-J: 'i. .ji ■( ' M.il :"^^m h' ? '..i-i 284 The Hiip- )tly of J'ork in Cnnadi). IJutter. Manufac- ture of butter in (intarii >. Cliee.se factories in (Quebec. CHAPTER VI. Ih'itain, the proportion of the whole being, as in 1888, cSQ i,qi. cent. 384. The exports of pork, bacon, hams and bird have steadily decreased from 33i million pounds in 1874 to U million pounds in 1889, but the additional duty recently im- posed (1890) upon pork will probably have the effect of iiuroas- ing the supply. The Ontario Department of Agriculture. made an enquiry during 1889 into the possibility of raUiiii.- pork for export, as well as for the home market, at a remunera- tive cost, and it appeared, as a result, that attention to the l)est modes of feeding, and to breecling the right kuid of swine. are apparently all that are required to enable Canadian faiiners to supply the demand of packers for both the home and the Eno'lish markets. 385. The decrease in the exports of butter has been verv considerable, amounting to 85 per cent., and is attributable almost entirely to carelessness on the part of the farmers in not producing an article of sufHciently high quality to obtain a readv sale in the Eno-lish market. It has been said that the deterioration in quality and decrease in quantity are largely due to the establishment of cheese factories, which absorb the new milk ; but, be that as it may, there is plenty of room in Canada for the production of large quantities of iirst-elass butter as well as of cheese, and as the export of this artiele could be made a source of considerable profit, it is a subjeet well worthy the attention of agricultural societies throumlioiit the Dominion. Recognising the importance of enconragins; this industry, the Government have recently appointed a Dairy Commissioner, who will travel about the country and give the farmers practical lessons in butter and cheese-making. 386. According to the Ontario Bureau of Industries lioport. 31 creameries in operation in the Province in 1888 made 677,279 lbs. of butter and 153,247 lbs. of cheese. The average price of the butter per lb. was 20.34c. 387. There are said to be 672 cheese factories and creameries ni Quebec, but no returns of their product are availalde. AGRICULTURE. 285 :3SS. The total quantity of butter imported into Great imports of Bi-itaiu in 1888, according to British Customs returns, was ("Iv^t '"'^*' 1S7,:2I)0,496 lbs., and of this quantity only 1,042,384 lbs. came ""^""'• from Canada. The Australasian Colonies, jtarticularly New /Zealand, are turning attention to 8hi[)ping butter and cheese to Kiiii'land, and are meeting with considerable success, the total >hiitments of butter from Australasia in 1888 having iiniomited to 2,858,800, lbs. and it is evident that if these colonies eiui make this trade remunerative, much more so could Canada, Avhen the gain in distance and consequently in freight ihaim'S is considered. 88!>. Denmark is a striking example of what can be accom- Exi))rts of jilishod by diligent attention to the best modes of farming, bacon from About five or six years ago Danish butter and bacon w^ere ^^""""''*' nhnost unsaleable on the English market, while to-day Danish l)iittt'r fetches the highest price in London, and Danish bacon is lajtidly superseding that from Ireland, Canada and the Uniti'd States. AVith a population of only 2,108,000, less than half that of Canada, this country exported to Great Britain in ]8SS over 18 million dollars worth of butter. oOO. The ex[>orts of cheese have steadily increased, and in Cheese. lS^i!t were 208 per cent, more than in 187-1. It almost all goes to the United Kingdom, and it will not be long before more cheese will be imported into that country from Canada tliaii from anywhere else. According to British Trade Returns i>0,980,960 lbs. were imported from the United States in 1888, and 74,858,520 lbs. from Canada, but there is good ground for liolieving that a certahi quantity of Canadian cheese is shipped from United States [)orts and sold in England as American dieese. 391. There were 404 cheese factories that made returns to Cheese tlic Ontario Government in 1888, showing the manufacture of Ontario!^" 38,88(1,589 lbs. of cheese, from 402,599,463 lbs. of milk, given by 150,618 cows. The value of the cheese made \vas §4,515,188. A large quantity of cheese is made in the Province of Quebec, but no statistics are available. 1 '' SVi'-l ■•«.!--. •:!-.r.r.(': '.!*■ I i ■m . 1 1 1; *■ i'. m 1 . ■- I w . 1 f: 1 i .4 286 Kggs Civiiiidiiui fx|)()rt« & imports of farm pn>- ,;«)7 8,1>!K).(K)1 (•.40,871 4!»4,()82! 82,240' Total. (i.")2,748i lo,l(i7j (!,8r)2 t)3,23.3i 8,258' 2,S!>4,8;i8! ir)3,027i 258,813 43,122 100,57!) 70,021' 4,278 02,8(W: 087,11« .3,327,317 24,122 1,742,272 21,750 81,8(i3 13,5.55 37,(K)2 002, 4;w :i3«,08(} 101,302 »i.'}f(,(t78 .30,400 77,t)5!> 1(5,040 12,(i24 02,702 12,734 .3,2(a 21,031 0,108 i,2(;(;,oio 3<>8,5<>7 1,000,301 24,4{K) 7,494' 121,782 3(;3 9,3a3 02,130 138,270 18,431 99,480 From I'nited States (Quantity. X-Aw. 748 43,«.'.55 174,044! 3,907 15,205,072: 3,()53,758j 3,795,1051 8,287,7011 (n5,0(!2 492,482i 5.5,479 03.3,19() 15,121 (),581 (!2,817 7,9!Ki 2,894,838 153,(»23 257,391! 43,100 109,.528 70,921 4,278 92,803 r>43,153 3,.327,317 24,122 1,741,507 ,s •Jl,"n f2 :ri.(Mii 4S2 77,i;-N 47! > ii.'jii'.i 1!M) ".I'll in.172 121 iLMi'.'S 581 L>.SS.-i S17 2i,:.4(i illMi s,riCi7 8».H j l.'.'tKl.lllii 02;^ :ii;s.4'.i:) 3!»1 1 WX'221 10() 24.411',) 528 7.4S7 1121 121.7SL' 278 »W 8(ia !i.3:» 159 3.S.(;4!I 317 i;w.27ii 122 • 18,431 50; 'j !l!t,4')'.' 1 5,(13r),14ii AGRICULTURE. STVTIMKNT OF EXPORTS FROM CANADA IN 18811 OF CERTAIN MiTICLES OF A(}RICUI/rURAL PRODUCE, SHOWINO TOTAL IM'ORTS, AND KXPORTH TO THE UNITED STATES. 287 EXI'OKTS, THK PHOmCK Ol' CANADA. AHTICI.Ks Total. < Quantity. f'littl.' . Shf.'|i.. MMttnll Swiiif. . I '(irk.. Hiicnll.. Ilaiiis. . liirf . . . Lard.. Talliiw Kiittcr . fll.'f.Sf . No. it Llw. No. Lbs. Value. To Ignited States. Quantity. Valiu 102,91!» 3(;0,131 1111,285 1,21(7 284, (i! 17 3.870,782 18(;,!M)0 440,158 02,002 70,(105 1,780,705 88,534,837 i'uiiltiy Kk'trs Wli.'iit I'larlcv Oats' ['.■asr Corn ('uniiin';il riiiiir (wlicat) I'litatiH'.s I'ruits. viz :— ApplcH, driwl. {^rt'en or ri|)f IVrrii's, all kinds Fniits. i-annt'd or iire.served yruit.s, all other Do/.. Rll8. Brls. it Bum. Lbs. BrlH. 14,028,803 41(0,1105 0,048,207 3.S7,185 1,082,8.53 4(kj 143 131,181 1(75,851 1>1,113 771,071 Total 8 j 5,708, 12») 1,203,125 8,570 <),175 18,250 3(il,070 20,223 27,070 8..341 5,042 .331,058 8,1(1.5,(181 54,2.57 2,150,510 471,121 (),4<>4,r)89 130,()32 1,440,417 402 .507 (>4(),0«)8 287,7(>3 .3,041 1,528,440 75,75t 14,083 5,.51(1 .37.3('.0 307,775 73,051 l,03;i 14,208' 013 20 42,7r)0 KiO 1KH1 .30,((0() 207,417 i4,bii',(')i7 3(5, 5(M) 0,0.34,501 l(i,780 332,027 l((i 488,20() 018,;«4 (i,0(;4 4,448 1,((1!( 83 4 .3,200 13 72 7,870 .31,473 51,732 2,15(5,725 2(»,51(1 (i,4'>4,«i((3 (),72!( 312,(if,0 05 1,527, 7]7,«i(i8 (>2,37() 144,018 8,314 102,57(i 2,502 230,108 75,285 6,202 4,013 21),%(),(>18 1 10,000,000 f. -Ttil'. * • - • • • ..■ * % r;4 » 1 . i- .. • 394. While in 1889 we imported 5i million dollars worth of Trade with '^ , " United agricultural products from the United States, we exported to states, them products to the value of $11,000,000, the two largest items ])eing barley and eggs, which aggregated $8,611,328. Cattle and sheep were the next most important exports, fol- lowed by apples, of w hich twice as many were exported to as were imported from the States. The largest portion of the ■• ■• 1 . ■"> : !r ■ ^ ■i' •■ 1* . ^ l;l '^'i ■'{■ J- i' ■ : ■*■ i • .' . ■,_ «■ * "■:■■. P. l ' ■ i^ t-' m/^m :■:; v», 4t 3 «. V--;-.i'. 288 CHAPTER VI. apple oxportt*, however, go to Great Britain, as in 1880, out of a total of 771,971 barrels exported, 61}),217 went to thatcountiv, Kxpuits (if Ontario and Nova Scotia boing the principal apple-prodiiciiiu- iV|i|»lt'H. • n Provinces. The Annapolis valley, in Nova Scotia, is said t(ili,> the finest apple-growing country in the world, and theiiuiiilu.i- of orchards are increasing every year, as the profit to he mado becomes better understood. The principal articles of ji«>ii(;iil. tural produce imported from the United States were corn, tor producing which in large quantities this country is not gciKr. ally adapted, cornmeal and flour and the products of swiiic, and these articles formed 82 ])er cent, of the agriciiltiirul imports from that country. ini|M>rts of 895. In order to furnish some idea of the enormous quaiititiis jirovisions , . . • , into the of food annually imported into Great Britam, the followinir I'liitt'd Kingdom, table is given, the figures having been tai, out (if itcoiiiitrv, •|»r()(liiciiiu' \ Ai\u\ \nW lieiimiilicr o 1k' iiiado of {ij;'ncul- ^e corn, tor ,■ not «;-oiu'r- 8 of swine, X ^ricultiiral A r. A W X 1>» •r. - X if II 1 'it * e 1^ 5 3f e '•■5.2 s-c I u -< 19 AGRICULTURE. «e-r iWowoo'f'fobjr 9-1 e m I- 3S3 © Ci T §0 fi •■« 96 '.c '-c jfi 3: 53 ■« » C 13 S * 59 ?6 S L= ''' fi ^ fi X t-l ^ I-l 1-1 N 1-1 >H S:> 3C » IN •■£ •■£ 9i is O <-i ?: <-i -^ ^ ^5 « f © © iC 9: W ?t I - l^ X ?H!t iR iS "* V£ ?1 X O © « « Cr "* »0 * 2^ it O iJ £ f- -S '• 5". © "t ■■« £.' I- L- 1.' ^• I'. © M N © t^ © is © © 1-. 4: & X ^ a- 1> ^ -^ -2 jc ^ i^i i: -^ ^ ft © rl fl »♦• X -^ « « X f JR 9. «^ X 10 I- I'" ?. 1^ ^ *» t> ?. 5 '"'^"=ii;^"Sit$^sfi«$S' — --w-'-ie »»• S in «■! © »r w I- 2 2 © M y. « w ^ — I c<; •- Q X i~. el aC ■* ■■? Q f- ?£2 ss • ? •2 5; ^S : ft" §"i; i :^ iC ; 1-1 31 S i6 jS ?■< ^ P S U 3C £1 o © w -J -»• tr '^ r- 5^ ^- 5"' £3 1-1 © © 1-1 © ift 3 I- O T-l CC C5 a5 ^ — ««i-1 ^'-f t»»f©©x©:r©'tf^© a: ec © ir: * x « »S ri w t'. rt o S' irf' er sT ec' cT irf : W f « © ^ i!f © : I- ©c5 (Tf ili 52 36 ^/ ¥^ I- I « 5 S - ®^^ B e X S ■• t: s- - - js s ^3^il6^p^( s 4 s 4ri^pHC 289 * ■ ' I ^ir ' ^•u +•• JS' l' i i 290 Kx|M»rt« ^. ; l>rff(liii)(, Ranches, N.-W.T. CHAPTER VI. of 81)6. Tlu' total miinUer ot' horsoH that have boon ox|iuitt.,l from this coiiiitry since Confederation is 2S)9,914, of wliiol, 280,3()1 have gone to the United States, 6,863 to (livat Britain and 6,200 to otiier eountrics. The total nunilitr imported during the same period, principally for the impiovu- ment of stock, is 36;116. 897. Ilorse-hreeding prevails more or less genoiallv in Canada, hut it is being made a special industry in Alhcrtu N.W.T., where it is rapidly becoming of importance, and it is expected that in a few years a largo number of scrvicciihle liorses will be available. Though owing to the jealousy of British agriculturalists, the Imperial Government has di^. continued, for the present, the purchase of horses in Canada for the army, there is not much doubt that the demand will be ultimately revived, and it is to be hoped that CaMadiiiii farmers will employ the interval in profiting by the advice and remarks of the officers sent out to purchase, with reference to the style of animal required, so that when the time does conic again, as it inevitably will, a far larger supply will be found available than was the case in the Hrst instance ; and even it the animals thus produced are not required for the army. they will be found greatly iniprov(.d for general purposes. The market is sure to come, and there is likely to be nimli money made out of the trade. From official returns to the War Office it appears that there are now 24,400 horses. exclusive of those owned by officers, actually at work in the British Iviilitary Service, being 1,200 below the number votod in the Army Estimates, and considerably below the niunbir required for active service. Some idea, there foic-, (..u iie formed of the opening that exists for horses suita^-l' l">i!) ♦' ' army and general purposes. 398. The Uvimber of ranches in operation was 115, compris- ing 3,113,878 acres, and the quantity of stock in the grazing districts of Al]>t r'a and Assiniboia was, as far as returns were available, 108.i)0C ..ditle, 16,322 horses and 44,822 sheep. AtJRlCULTt'RE. The iiftiial nuiubiTs are iiiuloubtodl^ luf^c^r. Tvvoiity-8ovoi» l,,ji>»(.r< wore cji'M'oUod (hiring the yoar, arxl tlif nuinbcr ot' iii>nl'Kiiti()ti8 for h'aMOH wart 42, thoro liav'ni'r In-tMi a tfp^at falling i,f» in Hio number of applicants fur leascK nirir'e April. 1887, wht'ii the Government derided to grunt them unU by public ,rMijK'tition. The oattle induntry wnn very HiU'ceHsfnl d\irinsf the year, the winter having been very favoural)le for stock. Xo iiitormation in avaihdde as to tlie qnantity of stoiik in the otluT portions <)fl lie Territories. ;!9!i. T lio fr,llo,\;:ig comparative table will give some idea of the I'vugvcss mude i)y the Province of Manitoba between 1H87 18H7. 1SH!>. Iiicreiwf. \iunl.or 1 'f liorHfK 21»,!Ur> 4r),74(» ir>,«.'n fiittU- 1()1,27 '• hUh-p 12,640 :n,341 IH.SOl pigH 35,713 51,(157 15,!I44 " ontiiv h(ii-s»'s 411 (»42 231 Ana pi»i>aml for crop (iKTw) («}4»,a»5 S!»3,4()2 257,107 400. Much work was done at the several Experimental Farms, and the progress made has attracted general attention.* At Xappiin, N.S., where the farm for the Maritime Provinces is situated, ninety acresof upland were under crop, and numerous ixperiinents made with various kinds of grain. The buildings Wi'va completed and fences erected. At Indian Head, N.W.T., 215 acres were under crop, the greater part of which was in whoat, barley and oats. Upwards of 11,000 trees were set out ill various places on the farm, and the result was generally satisfactory, though the very trying winter and spring was ff't'i to a large number. Out of 342 apple trees planted in the spiiiig, 257 were living on 1st November, 1889, and out of 64 \hntQd in 1888, 38 were living on the same date. At Brandon, Manitoba, the farm has been fenced in, and a large quantity of *For details, nee " Kxiierimejital Fan»i»" Apiienflix to rejiort of the Minister of AKiifiiltiu-e, imi 291 I'l .^■r>•sM *>t Alrtiiitd- )iu. issT- 1S,S!». K.\|ieri- nieiittil KiiriiiM. Napiiaii. X.S. Indian Head, N.-W.T. Hrandon, Man. ■!ii| 292 CHAPTER VI. if, . 4* •: '" Apas! 294 E'li;' 1^:^; . V H V. M ■ ■ :ii Draw- backs ti» iiiiiicral devi'loj)- iiient. CHAPTER VII. (4.) Minri'ol 31aimres. — Gypsum, shell-marl. C^-.) Mhici-dl Pifpncnts ami Detergents. — Iron ochres. I'ice. barytes or heavy spar, soaj) clay. (6.) Salt, Brines, and Mineral Waters. — Salt and biino mineral waters. (7.) Mivirals Apylicable to Common and Decoraiin Can- strur-tion. — Limestones, dolomites, sandstones, granite and sven- ite, gneiss, Labradorite rock, marbles (limestones), serpentiiios, breccias, slates, flagstones, common lime, hydraulic lime, bricks and brick clays, drain tiles. (8.) Refrartonj 3faterials, Pidter^j Clays, and Pottenj.— Plumbago or graphite, soapstone, potstone, mica rock, mica. asbestos, fire clays, sandstone (refractory), pottery clay, and potter}'. (9.) 3Iat(ri"ls fur Grinding and Polishing. — Whetstones, hones, bath-brick, Tripoli, grindstones, millstones. (10.) Minerals appliahle to the Fine Arts and to Jewellenj. — Lithographic stone, porphyrites, labradorite, albite, pertli- ite, jasper conglomerate, amethystine quartz, agates, Canadian precious stones. (11.) Miserllaneims. — Sandstone for glass-making, moulding sand and clay, carbonaceous shale, artificial stone. 403. The principal drawbacks to mining development hitherto have been want of capital, and the fact that a number of the enterprises that have been started have been purely of a speculative character, which has thrown suspicion on genuine undertakings, and driven investors to place their funds else- where ; but as the explorations of the Government Geologieal Survey are continually making better known the extent and >: i MINERAL STATISTICS. 295 locality of minerals, and the fiscal policy of the Government is calculated to stimulate production, public attention is becoming more attracted to our mining resources, and it may not be long befoic the mining industry becomes second in importance only to that of agriculture. 404. Nova Scotia, British Columbia, Quebec, the north and Mining west portions of Ontario, and some parts of the North-West of the Territories, are essentially the mining districts of the Dominion. """""'" • Coal has been found in Manitoba, but no metalliferous ores have at present been discovered there, and though a number of minerals and metals are known to exist in Now Brunswick, none of them have yet been found in any very large quantities, and mining is only carried on to a small extent. There is no mining in Prince Edward Island. 405. The figures relating to Canada used in this chapter Sources of have been taken almost entirely from a statistical report on tioi the minerals of Canada, compiled by Mr. H. P. Brumell, of the Geological Survey. The figures relating to the United States and foreign countries have been taken partly from official and partly from 'ther sources, notably the publications of the American Iron and Steel Association. on. ■■^^^•I;;i'li!''---Jj ..■>.hfK.. *•: ■; extent iind 40(5. The following statement of the mineral production of Mineiai Canada in 1887 and 1888, the latest years for which complete of Ciuuuia, returns are available, will give some idea of the present value i.shh.' of an industry which is still in its infancy : — » 296 ■ >. ' V « CHAPTER VII. MINERAL PRODUCTION OF CANADA, 1887 AND 188«. Product. Antimony yds, Cement Brls. Charcoal Bush. Chromic iron ore Tons. Coal " Coke " CopjH^r . . Lbs. '"'ertilizers Tons, Flagstone Sq. ft. •(irlass and glassware. ... Gold O/.. Granite Tons, Graphite " Grindstones " Gypsum " Iron " 1887. Quantity. Value 584 30 4,«)ll» 400 181,.581 2()2,.^)J)2 «!»,843 l,610,!t00 38 2,418,494 40,428 3,2*50,424 498 ll(i,000 ore. Lead (fine, containedinore) Ll)s. *Lime Bush. Limestone for iron flux . . . Tons. Manganese " Marble and ser|ientine.. . . " Mica Lbs. Mineral paint Tons. Miscellaneousclay products ♦Mineral water Galls. ♦Moulding sand Tons. Ochre " Petroleum . ( Brls. of 3.5 Imp. gal. ) Phosphate Ions. Pig iron " Platinum Oz. ♦Potters' ware Pyrites Tons. Salt " Sandsand gravels (exixjrts) ' ' Sewer pii)es and tiles Silver Slate Tons. Soai>stone " Steel........ " Sulphuric acid Lbs. ♦Terra cotta ♦Tiles 1,000. Whiting Tons. ICstimated value of mineral prcxlucts not returned . . (Mi, 270 21,217 300 5,292 1.H008 31,527 7«,330 204,800 2,2«>9,078 17,171 1,245 242 22,083 100 KiO 385 7(>3,933 23,<»!tO 24,827 1,400 38,043 <)0,173 7,357 100 7,32(> 5.47<>,9.50 14,(i58 75 Total, 10,860 1,200 22(i,97« 2,400 98t),()89 5.52,267 81,«K){> 88,823 570 4,758,590 ia5,951 342,345 2.5,943 11,»500 1,]78,(>37 142,.50<) 2,400 64,008 157,277 1,087,728 146,197 9,216 394,a59 17,500 43,(3.58 6,224 2<.>,81(> 1,.500 182,1.50 800 2.233 595,8«i8 319,815 3<>6,192 5,(i00 1888. Quantity. 171,194 166,394 349,330 89,000 800 331, 1!W 70,60<> 230,068 600 1,610,49';) 15,000,0(K) Incomplete. 345 30 4,404 1,100 165,818 411,570 .50,668 1,500,000 2,()58,134 45,373 5,.562,864 .548 64,800 61,310 21,352 1.50 5,764 175,887 44,949 78,587 674,.500 2,216,764 16,a57 1,801 191 21>,025 397 124,8:50 169 733, 5 1,.500 «»,479 59,070 2«M),929 .5,314 140 9,553 8,727,220 7,518 o,2,")!i,,><;y 184, LSI <)t>7.."i4;< LM,(«I() (;,.\s() l,(»!i,s,(;i() 147.:«i.^ •'")l,12!i 17'.i,;V.iH l,r)!l2,!Wl 1 .')•_>, OiLS 'J7.472 3;v.t,!i.')i 47,'.)44 .S.KM) 30,207 7,!HX) .S4.-) 7;"),.")71 242,2S."i 3i8,2:r. <;,iMHi 27 "it) 2H."),(i.'i.;{2ii 3!».-).;<77 !H »,(;,*. I 2.S() 472,till !21,.M.-. 4!t.S(HI 1 I4,(r)7 24(1 S!t7.172 1(),500.(MX) MINERAL STATISTICS. 297 1888. 188. Value. s l)l)er ore 257,287 ( lold (i28,l.%.S (;,v|)sum 12l,as!> iron and steel (alnnit) .350,000 I'liosphateH 2H8,()(H> .Silver '. 21tl,008 Stone and marble 78, Hit Iron ore .'»5,177 ( )tlier articles 478,5!M) Total .«!4,73S,810 And tlie countries to which they were principally exported wore : — I'nited states .<> ( )tlier British jtossessions l.")0,7<>3 ( iermany 46,05.3 •lapan 40,180 St. I'ierre 1(!,312 Cliina 12,!t.50 Mexifo 10,.570 < )tlier c(iui»tries 14,541 Total *4,110,!«7 Tlic dift'ercnce in amounts is owing to the total values being iriven for the calendar year and the export values for the fiscal year, it will be seen that 81 per cent, of the exports went to the United States, and 15 per cent, to the United Kingdom iiiul Britisli possessions, as compared with 78 per cent, and 18 per cent, respectively in 1887. ■■••ttl. •kI r 1 ■ • y- ii!'!llliliWi.::i 0^M r ••! |('V 'ij;' It 1) i < hi Hi . .V ' • • :. « . • 298 Valtu' of iiiilK)rts, 18SS. PiikIuc- tioii of coal, THUS. Coal pro- dueiiig portioiih of Canada. « '*» .- CHAPTER VII. 408. The total value of imports of minerals and products chiefly manufactured therefrom, in 1888, was $28,230,788, of which amount $8,975,792 was for coal, and $12,000,000 for iron and steel, the two forming 74 per cent, of the whole sum. 409. The most important mineral, in point of value, pro- duced in Canada in 1888, was coal, the quantity being 2,658,1.34 tons, valued at the point of production at $5,259,832, Ixino; an increase over 1887 of 239,640 tons. In the former year the quantity produced was 2,418,494 tons. 410. Almost all the coal at present is produced iu the Provinces of Nova Scotia and British Columbia, but the coal deposits in the NortliAVest Territories will soon be extonsivolv developed and the output very materially incresised. Those deposits are inexhaustible, the coal-bearing area beino- esti- mated at 65,000 square miles, and the quantity of fuel known to underlie some portions of this area at from 4,500,00(1 to 9,000,000 tons per square mile. This coal varies from lignite to bituminous coal, and in the Rocky Mountains large depo- sits of anthracite have been found, beds of which are l)eino: Avorked near Banff, on the Canadian Pacific Railway, by the North-West C'oal and Navigation Company and the Oiuuidian Anthracite Company. All the coal supplied to the Canadian Pacific Railway at Brandon and points west is now exclusively the product of Canada, and the Canadian Anthracite Conipanv are finding a constant demand for their coal in the San Fran- cisco market, and as the Banff mines are nearer to that city than are anv of the United States anthracite coal fields, it Is probable they will become the principal source of supply for that class of fuel. The importance, from an Imperial point of view, "of having large deposits of smokeless coal within two days' journey of the principal naval stations on the I'aeilic coast can hardly be over-estimated. Anthracite has been found cropping out in Queen Charlotte Island, B.C., but though a considerable sum has been spent in prospecting and mining, no good results have as yet been accomplished. MINERAL STATISTICS. 299 411, The coal fields of Nova Scotia are estimated to occupy Coai titids (III ait'ii of 685 square miles and, as at present known, are five seotin.'^ in number, viz., three in Cape Breton and two in the Province propel'. The coal is bituminous, and for gas, cooking and •fteaiii purposes equal to any in the world. 412. The following table shows the production of coal ly Piodut- „ . . 1 Doo tioii of coal Provinces m 1»8» : i„ Canada, PRODUCTION OF COAL IN CANADA, 1888. 1S8H, by . , J rovitices. N'liva Scotia. ... Ilriti^li ('Dlumbia. ^■^ll•tll-^^ t'«t Territories , Xcw iiriiiiswiek Total. Tons of 2,00<) lbs. I,!t8!l,2(i3 .548,017 115,124 5,730 2,058,134 Value. 3,108,224 1,057,204 183,354 11,0.^)0 .5,250,832 413. The next table shows the production of coal in the Produc- Provinces of Nova Scotia and British Columbia in each year [.oal H, Nova Sco- tia and PKDDl'CTION OF COAL IN NOVA SCOTIA AND BKITLSH COLUMBIA, J^j*'"'', . 1874 TO 1888. V'-V','i •."^' 1S74-1888. s^ince 1874 : — Ykau. Nova Scoria. British Columbia. Total. is:4 \s■;:^ i,s7t; 1S77 1S7K 1S7!I m\ iwi m> \m \m 1S,S5 m\ iw ISSH Total Tons. 077,440 874,005 704,803 848,305 8. 187(>. 1877. 1878. 187!>. 1880. 1881. 1882. 1883. 1884. ISS.^. 188(1. 1887. 1888. Tons. •52,124 5 70{> 287 45«» 4<.tl 8(>.S 17!>, 12«!, 173, IH 11.3, 1!»», 1<.).3, 21»>. 1!»2, 222 17r}i 240, 207 105, Tons. Total 2,814,70(i (5.57 071 3,0{»4,131 New Bninswick. T<'!lS. 7,(»0(; 4,527 4,04(i 0,000 7,!MHt (■.,('.22 12,a50 14,210 15,(M)(i 15,(i41 1,707 l,2(iO 17 1,.341 3 Total. I nils. lUd.T.Sl •J4'.i,!tiir. •-'4s.:{7(i :<(ii,.siii :<•_•:. SI 7 :«Ki.i.-).s 4;ii.:,sii .' 47!i.(r)(i 4(;'.i.!t.-.4 4--'7,7:'.s .■.14.!HL' 5ti5,4S!l r.7IM«7 103,543 I (i.012,;<,so Coal in British 1 '-**-i Coal produced in the North-West Territories and exportod to the United States, would be included in British Columlmi exports. Newfoundland, the United States and the West Indies are tlie principal markets for Nova Scotia coal. 415. All the coal exported from British Columbia may bo Columbia, considered to have gone to the Ignited States, principally to San Francisco, the receijtts at that port in 1887 amounting to 252,810 tons. The coal of this Province is of a very Iii2;li quality and commands a better price at San Francisco than any American coal. In an analysis published by the State Mineraloii-ist of California, in 1887, the relative values for rod net i( .11 of quantity of ?ar,ofwliicli coal. l)oin.r otia, Britisli ig the years .I'MniA AND k. Total. Tuns. :mii,7.si L'4'.l,!tlir, 24,s,:{7(; »)i.:{i(i SL'7,S17 »H1.J,-),S 4; 47!i.ii;')(i 4ti!l,!ir.4 4l'7.7.".'< .■.14,!HL' at 15. 48! I .■>7o.!i;i7 (■..oi->;wi id exported li Columl)ia I the West oal. ibia may bo rincipally to amoiuitinij a very liig'li ncisco than y the State vahie.s fur MINERAL STATISTICS. 301 (itcain of British Columbia and Washington Territory coal were given as: Wellington, 1,407; Nanaimo, 1,335; and t^eattU 1,330. (Statistical Abstract, 1887, p. 344). 4l(). The imports of coal into the Dominion during 1886, imixjrts of 1887 and 1888 were as follow : — 1887 and'' Vkovinc'ks. 18H«. Ontariti (^iu'Ih'c . , ._ S'dVii Sfotia _. Xew Hninswick MiUiitiilia British Columbia Prince Kdward Island . T(jtal TonH. 1,587,372 343,150 20,04« 43,767 3,497 615 1,783 2,000,230 1887. Tonn. 2,180,356 413,370 23,040 3«i,435 l.aS4 HI 2,673 2,658,485 1888. TonH. 2,096,512 431,017 24,34() 55,789 2,816 355 2,518 *■: .- 2,613,353 417. The following table shows the coal produced by the Coal pro- principal countries of the world, for the most part in 1888 : — the world. COAL PRODUCTION OF THE WORLD. COCNTKY. (Ircat liritain I'liitt'd States , (Ifniiiuiy Fraucf .\iistiiii and Hungary , Bt'lgiuiii Russia .Australia Canada . . Sfiain Italy Swi'deii Otiicr I'ountries. Total 81,8(»,811 22,951,940 20,779,441 19,185,181 4,650,000 2,830,175 2,658,134 977,559 243, .325 300,000 10,000,000 n. ■ 457,705,882 Long tons of 2,240 pounds are used with reference to Great Britain, the United States, A-ustralia, India, New Zealand and ^.!.'-!t . v'ji'ii] f ' 302 (J()l(l iiiiiiiiiK i» C^iumtla. '. • Prtxlne- tion (if gold in Caiiiulii, 188S. Value i)f gold per ounce. CHAPTER VII. Kii8sia,and the metric ton 2,204 pounds for continental com it lios. The aggregate increase in Great Britain and tlie United States as compared with 1887 was 18,585,209 tons. 418. Next in importance, as regards vahie, amoiiL: tlu' minerals now heing worked in Canada, is gold, the production of which is at present confined almost entirely to liiitisli Columbia and Nova Scotia, though a small quantity is aiiuiiallv jtroduced in Quebec, and it has also been obtained from some parts of Ontario. It may be that when the country north and west of Lake Superior is fully explored, valuable deposits of gold maybe discovered, as it is known to exist in many localitios, and has been found in several places in small quantitios. A small amount of gold is also obtained each year from tlu> Saskatchewan River, near Edmonton. Gold was first discovore't in British Columbia in 1857 in the Thompson River, near Nicoamen, and in Nova Scotia in 1860, near Tangier Harbour, since which date the value of the production in the latter Pro- vince has been $8,892,675. British Columbia, since 1858, lias produced $51,599,957, as near as can be ascertained, but as only an estimate can be made of the quantity carried a^^ ay i!i i»ri\ ate hands, the actual amount is probably larger. 419. The following table gives the value of the gold piodue- tion in the Dominion in 1888 : — PRODUCTION OF (40LD IN CANADA, 1888. Pkoduce. British Columbia Nova Scotia North-VVest Territories, including Yukon District, t^uebec Total . ValiU'. ()1(1.7;!1 41,2Jl,s.s.s. Ykak. Britinli Cnluiiihiu. 1 I 4.24<».2(5<> mi IStW is()4 .sjan.Hrio isd,-) 3,4!tl,2()r) iscii; , \m , is<;!t isrii , 1.S71 1S72 1S7S \m IsT.-i W7(> 1S77 1S7H lS7!t ISHl 1HS2 ]m \m \m \m\ W7 2,(M)2,l(Mi 2,4H(>,S(W 2,372,".«7'J 1.774.1)7« 1.33(>,J>r)(i 1,7'.«»,440 l,t51(),5>72 l,.SOr).74!» l,S44.4H l,ti()H,182 1,275,2(M i,2iM),or)S 1,01.'<,S27 l,()4(>,7:i7 !K')4,(>8r) 71t4,2r)2 73(i,i<>r) 713,73« !>4,55it «>l(i,7.^l NovaSootia. (^lU'ltei-. Total. Total 1 44,570,721 141.H71 272, 44S 3JK),34i> 4!Mi,:«)7 4Jtl,41H r)32.r)(W 40«),5;V) 34S,427 .SH7,3i>2 374,!>72 2rKJ,34!> 231,122 17S,244 21S,t)21t 23;i5)C) 32<.t,2or) 245,253 2(>8.32H 257, S23 20i»,755 275,0!M) 301,207 313,554 432,!t71 455,5«i4 413,(i31 43<>,93i» «,8!»2,(>75 12,057 17,!>37 32,072 33,174 5I>,)><>1 17,(«>3 17,7S7 8,720 2,120 3,081 1,«)04 3,740 4,(MM),585 4,12t>,10!t 3,087,502 .3,15.3,507 3,013,431 2,773,527 2,123,405 1,724,348 2,174,412 l,8r>(>,321 1,5.3«).871 2,022,8<>2 2,(>03,5;W 2,020,2.3:^ 1,040,444 1,538,304 1,501..358 1,304,824 1,313, 15;^ 1,240,208 1,113,240 1,058,4.30 l,148,82i» l,3(>3,l!Mi 2,472,it73 1,057,410 207,840 55,034,420 The production of gold in the Province of Quebec has been regular since 1862, but figures were not available before 1877. The total quantity of quartz crushed in Nova Scotia since 1862 ' Ai hi ^f^ 804 CHAPTER VII. Iiiiiw^ Ml (■(llll pto- (Imtiuii of tli«' wiirld. I'riMhu!- tidii of gold ill AuMtnilii- HJa and riiitwl Iron Off. IVodiic- tidii of iron or*' ill Ciiiiiida, hart beon 621,247 tonH, wliich has yiciital. it has no where been mined, ro any great extent. Even in Nova Scotia, which possesses ore of extreme purity, and which is the only Province in the Dominion where fuel and ore are to bo found in close proximity, the production is practically liniitod to the Acadia Mines, at Londonderry. 425. The total production in Canada in 1888 was 78,.')87 tons, valued at the mines at $152,068, and was produced as follows : — Phovin'oeh. Tons. Villi . • . «'>.l Nova Scotia Ontario <2i'.eb«'c BritiHh Colnnibia. Total 42,(511 1«,8!M 10,710 8,372 78,587 8 74,"Hl!i 37,710 24,S!)!l ir)2,(HW MINEKAI, srrATISTICf». 305 luiiiii" sill incroiiao, as roniparud with 1H87, of 2,'2i)l totiH in (|iiiiiitity suul $5,871 in valuu, 54 per cont. ot'tlio (|uuiitity aii,21W i5,2:« 34,i»27 2«N82r) r)H,(MW 2«i.i7r) «>4,!K»4 5«i,447 l»t,583 37.:«H S(>,417 13,.S3W 28,r>«c> it,4rM 18,3!»7 3,785 10,528 4,315 8,84() 187i». \Hm. \HH\. 1882. 1883. 1884. 1885. 188«. 1887. 1888. CJuiviitity. TdllM. Total. 48, 42, 5«1, 25, 52, 15, 1», 13, 20, 4<)7 r.82 227 (i48 501 811 t)28 1U4 002 471 Value. 20,074 124,180 122,022 177,«WO 71,270 122,408 4ti,;«)7 r>8,410 42,034 55,177 554,005 1,410,734 427. There were four furnaces in blast during the year — one Furnaces at Londonderry, N.S., two at Drummondville, Que., and the '" ''''^"*' Radnor furnaces near Three Rivers, and the amount of pig iron piodiiccd was 21,799 tons. The quantity of pig iron imported wiis 08,333 tons, and as none was exported the quantity con- sumed was about 90,132 tons, valued at $1,153,840. 428. The following is a comparative statement of the im- TmiK)rtH o ports of iron and steel into Canada in the years 1887 and 1888, steel "'i88'' showing also the duty collected : — '""' ^^*^- r 20 M,M 306 |!": ■ ■ : '■•••♦■. .. Hi- Consump- tion of iron in Canada. Produc- tion of iron and steel in the world. CHAPTER VII. IMPORTS OF IRON AND STEEL INTO CANADA, 1887 AND isss. 1887. 1888. Atriclks. Value. Duty. Value. Duty. Pig iron 9 620,104 309 33,694 3,344 438,338 143,381 287,563 169,279 30,238 940,000 2,247,88«> 9 840,605 80,252 337,738 44,275 1,305,081 973,971 2,a59,042 549,5<51 1,586,003 3,700,000 27;^,.'}2(i 4i>,47',t 54,i;iH 7,0!i(; 51(i.li24 222,487 4r.2.().-)l *">7 oVi Slabs, blooms, &c Scrap iron and steel Ferro manganese, &c Iron, manufactures of Steel do Iron and steel, manufacture of. . Castiners and fortrinurs Railroad iron and steel 41) •,\->- Highly finished articles, about. . 1,15(1.(10(1 Total 10,824,875 11,776,528 2,91tH,87S 429. The above figures for 1888 represent ji consumption of about 400,000 tons of pig iron, vahied at over $5,000,000. This quantity would necessitate a supply of over 1,000,000 tons of ore and 3,000,000 tons of fuel, and some idea can thus lie obtained of the wealth that would be retained in the couutrv if the iron and coal resources of Canada, which are quite e(|ual to such a demand, were sufficiently developed. 430. The following table gives the world's production of pig iron and steel, principally in 1888. Tons ot 2,240 pound:" are used with reference to Great Britain, the United States. Russia and "Other Countries," and metric tons of 2,204 poumls for continental countries : — THE WORLD'S PRODUCTION OF IRON AND STEEL, 1888. COLNTRIKS, Steel, I Great Britain United States Germany and Luxemburg . . France Belgium Austria- Hungary Russia Sweden ri887) Spain (1885) Italy (1886) Other Countries (estimated) Total 23,194,501 Tons 7,898,634 6,489,738 4,258,471 1,688,976 826,984 761,606 541,951 466,626 159,225 12,291 100,000 Tons. 3,405,iJ3(i 2,899,44(1 1,785,.V)4 525,t)4(; 223, ((."W 355,03.S 246,()()0 111,565 24,50() 23,760 30,000 9,630,477 !* 4tl.47!l .■)4,iaH T.ii'.h; r)i(;,!i24 2-Jl',4S7 4ri'j.(i:ii L'27,ii:)ii 4'.l.:i27 l,ir)(i.(M)(i ■onsuiiiptioii $5,000,000. 100,000 ton^ I'an thus 1)0 tlio countrv quite 0(nial odiictiou ot' ,240 pounds lited States. ,204 pounds L, 1888. Steel, Tons. 3,405,531) 2,8}t' world's production of iron ore in 1888 was 50,951,705 ton>. 431. Great Britain and the United States coml)ined pro- iliicod <32 per cent, or the toral quantity of pig iron, and 65 per tent, of the total quantity of steel, produced in the world. In 1881) iind 1887 the production of steel in the United States sur- pas^sod that of Great Britain, but the former country in 1888 tell Itack again to second place, owing both to the increased iK'tiviry of the iron and steel industries in Great Britain and GonuiUiy, and to a decreased activity in those industries in tlu' United States. The pro[»ortionate products of the two countries in the years 1887 and 1888 to the total production won' : — 307 Produc- tion of iron and steel in ITnited Kingdom iV I'nited States. ISSS, Ykar. (iKEAT BhITAIN. United States. Pig Iron p. C. 34 34 Steel. Pig Iron Steel. p. c. 33 35 p.c. 29. 28 p. c. 35 30 432. " Copper constitutes one of the most important of the Copier, '•'.iiinoral treasures of the Dominion, and is destined to occupy "a very important rank amongst its resources. Its ores are dis- "ttiltuted over vast tracts of country in Ontario, in the Eastern "Townships of Quebec, in Nova Scotia, and British Columbia, •and in Xew Brunswick." There are no copper smelting works at present in operation in Canada, and consequently all the ores are exported for treatment abroad, but smelting works have been established at Sudbury, in Ontario, in which neigh- liouvliood what are perhaps the largest deposits of copper ore ill tho world have been recentlv discovered. 433. The production in 1888 was limited to the mines at Produc- Capolton, Que., and the quantity produced was 63,479 tons of cq!\hI in ore, containing 5,562,864 lbs. of fine copper, valued at $667,543. ^***^- Tills was an uicrease of 2,802,440 lbs., as compared with 1887. •20i 1 . F- ■: . .1 i ■ " l* ", * i ' ^.1 ''! •' 1 ■ T" \M k- ^ 1 • "* i n- '. >ii W'i^^] 308 CHAPTER VII. 1 " ¥ t , I KxiK)rts of 1871M88.S. .1 . " ' 4tl 434. During the years IH60 and 1869, inclusive, copper ore to the vaUie of $1, 503,978 was exported from (^nobec and of $2,498,008 from Ontario, but since that year, until 1886, there was no export from Ontario. The total value exported from the two Provinces since 1860 lias l)eon #8,026,371. The exports from the other Provinces have heeii too small to be worth notice. It is said that the Customs returns of quantity and value have been low, and the amount actually exported has been considerably larger than the above •figures. The following table gives the exports of copper for the ten years, 1879-1888 :— EXPORTS OF COPPER FROM CANADA, 1870 TO 1888. Yeak. \ ' V . 187!>.... 1880 1881 1882 1883 Quantity. Lbs. 408,860 1,434,700 1,241,780 1,8(54,170 1,400,300 Value. Year. 47,817 192,171 125,753 182,502 148,709 1884. 1885. 1886 1887. 1888 Quantity. Lhs. 2,714,400 2,(>26,(KM» 2,403,040 2,589,660 Vulu,.. 27;<,4'J:' •Jf.'J.WH) L'4!I.L>.')!I i;<7,!i(;ii l.'.-)7,2(Hl In 1886 copper to the value of $16,404 and in 18S7 of $3,416 was exported from Ontario. With that exception, the whole quantity during the period went from the Province of Quebec. The 435. The following table is said to give the w^orld's proiliic- production tlOU ot COppCr HI 1888 : of «)pi)er, rj,^Y WORLD'S PRODUCTION OF COPPER, 1888.* ..,%;■. COINTKV. Quantity. • ■»• -I f^nited States Spain and Portugal . Chili Germany Ja|>an.. AuHtralia Cajje Colony Tons. 102,000 60,000 31,000 15,000 11,000 7,500 7,500 COI'NTKV. Quantity. I Tons. Russia 4,7fl() Canada 4,;«Xl Venezuela 4,(KKI Other Countries 14,()0(l Total 261,000 * Monetary Tinm, I4th March, ^.890. MINERAL STATISTICS. 309 43i;, The supply from Canada is at present very small, but H. H. Vi- -,"; , ., , „ -on vian & Co. thero is no doubt that there is abundance ot copper at feudbury, whioli is likely to be soon largely developed, as in addition to the works already erected there, the celebrated firm of H. II* Vivian & Co., of Swansea, have applied for incorporation in Caiia;: ■;, im m' .1 ■ i m^ ^0 ■i 310 CHAPTER VII. PKODITCTION OF OIL REFINERIES IN CANADA, 1887 AND Inss. 1887 Articlks 1888. (Quantity. I (Jails. Illimiinatinfi: osls 10,387,825 Benzine and naphtha .... 344,570 Parafine oils ^ (4as oils. - «,7!t3,461 Liihricating oils and tar J Value. 1 (Quantity. $ (Jails. mi,2'M) I !t,833,228 31,447 41t2,88(> r (>i»0,72!l 240,851 \ 3,107,3(M) t 3,284,273 V.-i Total gallons 17,525,85(5 Parafine wax (lbs. ) 400,03(5 Total value 24,521 • ■uuc. H l,sS2.... ---. ■ issl... .S ■ tSS4.. H .ti-v.i,(;i4 ^ ISSIi.. •Jli.lW M ><•-'. L'lJS ■ il.\477 ■ m\.... i:t'.(i()i ■ 17,408,422 585,(551 •-•!t.i7: 1,288,100 1 1.4(11,4.^!) Average 44(). The average price of criule oil on the Petrolia Oil price of oil. p..^^|,,^jj^^ -j^ ^1^^, ^^,^^^g iggg^ jgg7 ^^,^j ;^ggg ^^,j^g ggj ^p,,^^ -^ cents and $1.02§ per barrel respectively. Exports of 441. The following table shows the exports of Canadian oill881-88. T) i. 1 • 1Q01 retroleum since 1881 : — EXPORTS UF CANADIAN PETROLEUM, 1881 1888. Yeah. Quantity. Viiluc, 1881. 1882. 1883. 1884. 1885. 1886. 1887. 1888. 1, (Jails. 501 1,110 1,328 0!>8,0!»0 337,0(57 241,71(5 473,550 1!K5,602 \-- 1 ■.» (^jnsunn)- 442. The following table taken from the Petrolia Adrcrtiser in Canada, gives the figures of domestic inspected and foreign imported 1882-1880. ^ji gjj^^^ IBS'?, showing the total quantity of refined oil con- sumed in C''' aula during the period, from which it will be soon that there has been a steady increase in the consumption. wliich would appear to indicate a proportionate increase in population and improvement in condition : — 1; r AND ],S8S. 1SS2.. 1SS3.. 1SK4.. ISS.").. is«7 MINERAL STATISTICS. Ykah. Cana<1iaii Oil. (ialis. «!,lfi*.»,353 7,135,580 7,83«,!»4!> 7,H43,033 8,341,203 8,436,038 isss ! 0,7i 188- 1888. Yeak. Ontario. (Quebec. BuHh. Bush. is7,-i iH;ii 1S77 1S78 IS7!l ISXU W] 1SS2 W.\ im \m \m LS87 1888 541, 1M)5, 702, 40.3, 587, 4()4, 33<), 181, 1JM>, 1<')7, 24(>, 224, 1.53, 14, 009 522 4«>4 798 805 «)«1 008 007 7.S.3 029 584 595 475 908 Other Provinces. Bush. Total. Bush. 1,089 42 542,800 3,833 909,355 2,15i) 704,044 3,297 407,095 2,010 345 590,700 1,887 1,093 407,041 0,<»00 343,208 Value r5i 210 1.33 .348 570 150 181,758 199,733 107,O21> 24(),794 224,943 151,045 15,251 (i(),834 84,154 00,077 37,027 49,.367 40,211 44,027 i8,a")0 19,492 15,2t>l 18,7.'i«5 10,880 ii,52«; 3,987 jM- ;.'-:■ ;^iii if I' ) 1 ,■ » « . HiQ 314 Output I Halt in ITiiitffl Statt'M, Silv»T. ExiKirts of silver, 1873-188M. CHAPTER VII. 451. The total output of 8iilt iu tlio United States in 1887 was 7,831,962 barivk, valued at $4,093,846. 452. The total production of silver in Canada in 18S,s was valued at $395,377, being an increaso as ooinparo3,463 472,!K»2 a54,178 42,848 6<»."),715 154,273 <«,2()5 15,115 Ye.\r. Value. 1882 8 ti,7(l5 1883 S.tlLl) 1884 i;!.»Ni 1885 2!),17il 188(5. 1887.. 1888.. 2."),!ir)7 2fM;,2M 21!t,00.s Total 4,oi!t,r)'jr Produc- tion of sil- ver in United States Phosphate 454. The total value of the production of silver in the United States since 1848 has been $82,%724,517. In 1887 the estimated value was $53,433,300. 455. The total quantity of phosphate or apatite shipped from Canadian mines in 1888 was 22,485 tons, valued at $242,285, being a decrease of 1,205 tons, as compared with 1887, due to » ■ - .■■« • MINERAL STATISTICS. 315 a siiKiller production from the Ontario mines. The only two jiliucs where this mineral is worked at present are in Ottawa I'ouiity, Quebec, and north of Kingston, Ontario, and the (juantity shipped came from the two dlrttricts in the following proportions^ : — Ottawa County mines, 20,396 tons jandOntisrio niiiu's, 2,089 tons. 4')tl. The ([uantity exported was 18,776 tons, valued at KxportH of .^208,009, and of this 14,957 tons went to Great Britain, 2,643 ft'''''**'' tons to the United States, and 1,176 tons to Germany. 4.")7. The total production of phosphate in 1889 amounted ProdHc- to 33,198 tons, being the largest (piautity yet produced. The phoVpimte. amount was made up as follows : — Tons. Kx|)orte;l to EiiroiR' 23,542 " I'liitt'd States 4,17»t Homt' eonsuinption 480 Kstiniivted ,00. 1887. 1888. Total. (^niintity. TonH. 21,700 28,!M}0 20,440 23,152 1H,770 V;, I'.M.LMO liHi.'jii;) :vi;i.(H(7 t;«.-ji: :*!tH,(;()ii liH},055 3„VJ7,1()! IT ■f'v. PhoHphatf- ■ • .*' ' in United States, 1 m.: ,*• 1888, Asliesttw. I. I' < I I • "«, », , Of the above sum ^3,397,749 worth was exported from Quebec and $149,412 from Ontario ; but a considerable (|naii- tity of Ontario phosphate is shipped from Montreal, and there- fore included in the exports of Quebec. 460. The production of phosphate in the United States in 1888, principally in the Carolinas, was 483,705 tons of 2,240 lbs., valued at $1,951,673. 461. According to the Mining) Beview,* the mineral which is produced in Canada under the head of asbestos is in reality a form of serpentine called chrysotile, and is found in certain portions of the serpentine rocks of the Eastern Township.s of Quebec. Though its existence was known for a numl)or of years, no attempt to work the mineral was made until 1878. when 50 tons were taken out, since which time the industry has progressed rapidly, and in 1889 nearl}' 6,000 tons wore taken out. The mining is practically confined to two sections. one at Thetford and the other at Black Lake, the two sections being about four miles apart. The mineral, while not suitable for millboard and steam packing, answers admirably for cements, paints, &c. • Febmary, 18!K>. MINERAL STATISTICS. 317 itity. Viilu,'. ifWyt} 3.:)47.1()! \{'}-l. The following table, made iq* from roturns fiinuHliecl siiipnunts by tlic i>rodiicers, gives the quantity and value of shipmeiitH iWitiwHH. since 1879. It is l»elicve(l, however, that the output was sDiiK linics given instead of the quantity Hhii)ped, and aceording to returns of shipments made by the (Quebec Central Railway the iiiigregate quantity is too high by 1,662 tons : — SIIII'.MKNTS OF ASBKSTUS FROM CANADIAN MINES, 1H7!» TO IHHH* \kai<. is:ti. IHSi \xnx 1S,S4, < Quantity. Valuo. TCTIS. » .'«I0 \\),rm :««) 24,7(M> 540 Hi"), KM) SIO •VJ.tiAO !»*):) (w,7r)« 1,141 7r),0!>7 Yeak. IHST). 1SS«). 1S87. IHSH. Total. t^iantitj. OllH. 2,440 a, 458 4,010 is,r)7t» Valu.-, 142,441 200,251 220,070 277,742 1,120,207 4tI3. As a result of reeent explorations, large deposits of Nkkei. iik'keliferous pyrrhotite have been found at Sudbury, Ont., the vein being in soue plaees 100 feet thick, but the i)re is li)\v ill nickel. It is, however, easily concentrated into a rich matte, and this the company propose to send to England for tiiiiil treatment, and claim that they can supply nickel at the siinie. if not at a lerss, price than that charged by the French (•(imiiaiiy, the Societe du Nickel, which controls the carbonate ot'niekel mines of New Caledonia and absolutely the cupply of iiiekel. If this could be done, and nickel be procured more tlieaiily, there is a vast iield for its use in the steel trade, and tlit'si' deposits are now attracting considerable attention in Knglish metallurgical centres. It is estimated that the daily inodiiet of the Canadian Copper Company's mines at Sudbury is al)mit 40,500 lbs. of matte, equivalent to a yield of about 4,000 tons of nickel a year. The total annual consumption of liekol at present is only 1,100 tons. 4(34. There is not space in a work of this kind to tj*ke up Minor ill! ot' the minor mineral productions in detail. The table, at the eoniniencement of the chapter, of mineral production in 1887 and 1888 will be some guide to their annual value. minerals. ii: J: 318 l< < I Tl.f Mil- riiif l)t ■ NihuImt ( f ligl.t- &i:, IStW- IHSil « > •< CUMBER virr. MERCANTILE MARINE AND FISHERIES. I'.MiT 1. Mkucantii.k .Mahink. 405. The special object of the Marine Deitartnieut is the i-idt-i . tion of our mercantile marine, and of the shipiting that fnijihiit our coasts; it is therefore of the hiu'hest consequence i hat it should be made as otticient as possible, and no |>ains are sjiaivd in order to bring alout this result, and to provide seeuritv u> shipping e([ual to that of the most advance«l of countries. 460. An examination of the following table will give soim. idea of the progress made since Confederation. In it areslidwn the number of light stations, lighthouses, fog-whistles and Wnr. horns in every year from 1808 to 1889, iuitlusive. The Ijijlit stations in Newfoundland that are maintained by the Doniinum are included in these tigures: NUMBER OF LI(;HTHl)USKH, &(.. IN CANADA. WW 188{>. • > - « Ykak enuki) 31ht Dkckmhku Li^ht StatiuriH. Li^hthouHeH Vng- Whi^tleK. AutiiiM;iti( Fi)K-Htiiii>. IWW lH«ii» IHS 219 240 264 280 316 842 377 407 41(5 427 s 470 484 607 526 fiS4 661 86» 5?J 227 238 278 297 S14 MS Ml SOB 618 M8 mi m 662 678 m tt8 iM 675 2' 2 4 S 13 17 18 22 24 25 25 23 22 23 23 23 23 23 23 23 23 24 1870 1871 1872. 1873 1874 ' ■ 1875 187«} 1877 1878 1879 1880. 1881 4 *) ( 1882 1883 1884 1885 188(5 1887 !l !l III 12 10 24 1888 1889 27 211 MEKCANTILK MAUINE AND KISIIKUIKS. 319 38. is tlU' pldtfc liat tViM|iu.|it leiioe tliaf it 8 nro s|i;iiv(| security to uiitrii's. 11 give SOUK. it are sIk.wh ties iuid [\)if. . Til(> liyiif le Dominion 4»8-lHH!». Autciiiiati( 8. KtiK-H(Mii'<. 2" 4 6 7 « <) 9 10 12 16 24 27 29 407. It will l»e Hcen that there were no less than 1381 light stMtit'iis, 448 lighthouses, 22 tbg-whistles and 21) tog-horns iiiorc than tlu-re were in 1H08, without taking into account the Ijiivc iiumher of bell-huoys, buoys and beacons that have also liioii su|>plie21, and of construction, ^8,(539. 470. The (Quebec division is a large and important one, com- prising, as it does, the Richelieu River and Lake Memphre- magog, the River and Gulf of St. Tijiwrence, the Strait of Belle Isle, the north-west coast of Newfoundland and the Labrador coast. In this division theix' were 151 lights, 8 lightships, 3 sui>idicd with steam fog-whtetles, 10 steam fog-whistles, 8 fog-guns, 112 buoys, of which 8 were gas buoy a, 59 beacons ami 9 life-saving canoes for service in the ice. The lights were supplied by the Steamers " Druid " and " Napoleon III." The expenditure for maintenance was $124,966, and for construc- tion, ^12,203. 471. The Nova Scotia division, likewise a very important one, contained 163 lighthouses, showing 170 lights, 1 lightship, 14 steiim fog-alarms, 2 fog-bells, 3 signal-gun stations, 10 initoinatic signal-buoys, 6 bell-buoys, 98 iron-can buoys, 625 otlier buoys, 8 stationary beacons, 13 life-boat stations, 3 humane in iinniltcr. Nuiiilwr of liKhtM, &C., IHHH. Ontario flivision. C^iiebec division. Nova Scotia division. hH : 1 * New Brunswick (livisicin. Prince Edward Islnnd division. Britisli Columbia division. 320 CHAPTER VIII. establishments ami H signal stations. The lights were su pi .Hod by the steamer '• NewtieUl.'' Five new lights were estalilij^hed and put into operation and one new one erected. The amount expended for maintenance was $140,197, and for construction, $6,040. 472. In the New Brunswick division there were 110 lioli^. houses, 1 Hghtship and 13 fog-alarms, 486 buoys and 5 bi'iuonti. Four new lights were established during 1889. The ex|niuli. ture for maintenance was $78,286, and for construction, ^2,966. 473. Prince Edward Island division contahied 50 liglits and 1 fog-alarm. Three new lights were established during \]^^, year. The expenditure for maintenance was $19,118. The schooner "Prince Edward," which was built for the purpose, delivered the annual supplies. 474. British Columbia division contained 10 lighthouses and 2 fog-alarms, besides a number of buoys and beacons. Tho lights were supplied by the steamer " Sir James Douglas." The expenditure for maintenance was $16,877, aiid for con- struction, $1,890. Light- 475. On the 1st July, 1886, the lighthouse at Cape Race, CapeRace. Newfoundland, was transferred by the Imperial Governnuiit to the Dominion of Canada, and the sum ot $100,151, being the balance of light dues collected by the Board of Trade, was paid to the Canadian Government, on the understanding that the lighthouse and fog-alarm should in future be maintained at the expense of the Dominion free of dues. "^Phe expenditure since the transfer has amounted to $16,935, which sum, liow- ever, includes expenditure for several important improvements and repairs. The lighthouse is indispensable to the safotv of all vessels navigating the North Atlantic to and from Canada, and the transfer has relieved the Dominion of dues whicli amounted to about $1,200 annually. (iovtm- 476. The Department has 8 steamers, the property of the steamers. Government, under its control, for the purpose of supplying the different lights, laying down and taking up buoys, attend- MERCANTILE MARINE AND FISJIERIES. 321 iiicf to wrecks, &c., &c., besides the steamer " Sir James Poiiii'las," which discharges the duties of this Department on tlio Pacific coast. The total cost of maintaining these vessels during 1889 was $126,629. 477. The new steel steamer " Stanley," built expressly for tho winter service between Prince Edward Island and the miiiiili^nd, kept up communication, with the exception of two short intervals, during the whole winter of 1888-89, and the service has never been so successfully conducted before. 47S. A police force was established for a number of years at the harbours of Montreal and Quebec, for the purpoi?e of keeping order and restraining crimping, to meet the expendi- ture for which a tax of 3 cents per ton was levied on all vessels at cither port, paid once a year by vessels under 100 tons and twice a year by vessels over that amount. The force in 1889 ooM^isted of 52 men, 21 at Quebec and 31 at Montreal. The number of arrests ina 1* • • * ill * .J 322 CHAPTER viri. grant of ^500 is made to each of the General Hospitals at Kingston and St. Catharines for the care of seanioii. At Montreal sick seamen are cared for at the General and Xotio Dame Hospitals, at Quebec at the Marine and Innni:.iaiit Hospital, and Marine Hospitals are established at St, .lolm. St. Andrews, Miramichi, Richibucto, Bathurst and Sackvillo in New Brunswick, and at Yarmouth, Pictou, Sydney, Lunen- burg and Point Tupper, in Nova Scotia. Seamen aro also cared for at the Provincial and City Hospital, Halifax, and tlu- Charlottetown Hospital, Prince Edward Island. Thr total amount received from dues in 1889 was $39,306, beinu- a df- crease of $2,363 as compared with 1888. The total c.\[ien(li. turc was $51,332, being $12,026 in excess of receipts. A con- siderable number, however, of immigrants and residents wore cared for at the Marine Hospital, Quebec, and if the amount expended for them be deducted the excess woidd only In. $2,014. The total excess of expenditure over receipts dnrinii- the past twenty-one years has been $11,498. imini- 481. The legislative grant in aid of the Marine Hospital fJ^dfTnt" Quebec, having been considerably reduced in amount, and adiiitS complaints having been maHction j.g^.gipt9 ],y $23,095. During the year 1889 the receipts amounted to $12,576, and the expenditure to $22,313, being an excess of expenditure of $9,737. ■'..•{: MERCANTILE MARINE AND FISHERIES. 323 48"). Since the 16tli September, 1871, when the Act came MaHter« into o[)eration, 1,684 candidates have passed and obtained certificates masters' certificates, and 1,111 certificates as mates ; of certi- ficates of service, 947 have been issued for masters and 380 for mates. The receipts from fees amounted to $2,202, and the expenditure to $4,381. Since 1871 the expenditure has ixeeidcd the receipts by $37,694. 484. During the calendar year, 74 candidates for inland and iniandand coasting certificates passed and obtained masters' certificates certificates of service, and 31 mates' certificates of service, while 87 obtained mastirs' and 47 obtained mates' certificates of competency. 485. The total number of wrecks and casualties to sea-going wrecks* vessels of all nations that occurred in Canadian waters and to i^q^ *'*'''' Canadian sea-going vessels in other waters, during the eleven months ended 2'v November, 1889, as reported to the Depart- ment, was 163; t-* ;onnage involved was 63,554, and the amount of loss, so far as ascertained, $957,199. The number of lives lost was 88. The disasters to all vessels in Canadian inland waters and to Canadian vessels on American inland waters were 15, involving 4,230 tons, and causing loss to the extent of $29,250. The number of lives lost was 21. It is not possible to make any just com[»a risen of the returns for 1889 with tliose of previous years, as the Department does not receive particulars of all disasters in time to include them in its annual report, which will explain the difli'erence in the figures for 1888 in the following table as compared with the figures given for the same year in last year's Statistical Abstract. 486. The following is a comparative statement of loss for each Xumiier of year since 1870, all casualties, whether at sea or on inland SJo-im' waters, being included in the table : — -im rtM •'t- .,-■ ' •<•••■ ',«.. m .,1 1 324 CHAPTER VIII. COMPARATIVE STATEMENT OF WRECKS AND CASUAL in.s 1870 TO i«»y. 1^1-: '*•. > i' •• • P!«f'/'/-'r-., Marine tlisastt iH in 1889. Ykak enoki) 31ht Dkc'kmbkk Casual- ties. 1H70. . 1871. . .1872. . 1873. . 1874.. 1875. . 187ti. 1877. . 1878. . 187!». . 1880. . 18S1. . 1882. 1^82. \i^m. . 1885. . 188(5. . 1887. . 1888- - 188i» 11 months ended 30th Nov. do do Total. 335 274 21K) 350 308 286 452 408 414 533 445 4482 99,427 15;i,3«)8 177,8!H5 101, 7(» 198,3<>4 179,!«>3 210,719 19? '-.^.^ 158,820 119,741 144,72(i 150,277 14!f,395 105,0(50 07,784 2,740,148 Lives Ltt'it. 210 81 237 »813 109 78 404 1.53 187 339 217 399 J)u 271 259 253 198 54 91 52 109 4,514 llMgC. ".tOl.lKNl '-Ml"t,()()(| -'.■'<»7.33s -'..^44.i:« L',itL>!l,li(;,-, ->.4(;s,r)'>i :^,44.\S7,-, 4.nii,-j;<;< 4.'.i!lL',4L>:f :<.i:<.s,4L';i •2.(»L".).7,^2 2,'.i('.r),32i -."■);i,(iii7 i.!ir)i»,7!iii i,ii(iL',(;,s,s l.lL'lULM list;, 44'.) * 545 jtersons were lc=it Vjy the wreck of the Whit« Star SS. " Atlantic." 487. In view of the largely increased and increasing efRcieiu v of the Marine Protective Service, it would bo dishearteniiiu if the figure!^ in the above table did not show some reduction in latter years ovGr those earlier in the period, and it is pleasant to note that the figures for 1888 were smaller than for manv previous years, especially when it is remembered that the ship- ping done now is infinitely larger than in former years. It would not appear from present indications that the returns for 1889 will be quite so satisfactory, the increase in loss of life being considerable. The principal marine disaster, though fortunately unattended with los-. of life, was the stranding ot the SS. " Montreal " on Belle Isle during a dense fog. Tlir vessel was 2,160 tons register and valued at $150,000. She became a total loss. H-hpf' UA.LT I F.S, !10 81 !37 113 L0!» 7« 104 L53 Ih7 «<> J17 W.\ ill 2oit 253 im 54 1(1 52 lOit 514 Dai lilgc. !im,(MHl l-',ll«»,(H)(| '-•,''07.33S '-'.S44,i:« '-',iii".i,iH;r) -',4liS,;V>l 2.!l42,!ir)r) :i44:>,s7r, 4.ii!i,'j:« 3,S2(),(;,Vj 4.!t!lL',4L'H 2,0-J!).75l' 2,'."15,321 2,7.')3,tl(;7 l,!t50,7!«i l,('.l>2,(W,s 1,12(1,124 !IS(;,44:i .^2,737,!H»i Atlivntiu." ing efficieiiov heartening if reduction in it is pleasant lan for many hat the ship- ler years. It \e returns for \ loss of life ister, though ! stranding of iBe fog. Till' 50,000. She MERCANTILE MARINE AND FISHERIES. 325 488. Particulars of the operations of the Meteorological isieteoroio- ^crvioe, which has such an intimate connection with the ?ice. ^^^ welfiiit) of our sailors and our ships, are given on p. 17. 480. The following is a general summary of the expenditure Exiiendi- of this Department during the year ended 30th June, 1889. Marine The oxpenditure in 1888 amounted to $883,250 ; there was, j^.ei;tS89. therel'ore, an increase of $140,551. If, however, the exceptional expenditure of $143,595 on the construction of the steamer "Stanley " is deducted, there was a decrease of $3,044 : — KXri-NDITURE OF DEPARTMENT OF MARINE, 188n. 1 )epartinental salaries Maintenance of lights rVjnstruction of " I /ouiinion steamers Kxaniination of masters and mates Marine hospitals Meteorological service Siffnal service Rewards for saving life ( iforgian Bay survey Water jiolice Steamlxiat insix>ction Winter mail service, Prince Edward Island M iscellaneons . . . S .34,54!> 478,514 31,753 270,225 4,381 52,332 50,477 .5,0<)2 5,503 17,808 31,H47 22,313 1,842 13,453 Tot.''. §1,023,801 49'). The revenue for the same year amounted to $99,940, made up of the fol]owing items : — REVENUE OF THE DEPARTMENT OF MARIN^^ 1880. Kaniings of Dominion Steamers Sl(),3ur9 and Piers 5,508 HarVwur Police 10,()88 Improvements oi Harbours ; 10 Si. k Mariners Fund 30,30«> .SteamlK)at In8i)ection 12,t>24 Marine Hos])itals 2, 124 Casual Revenue 1,301 §00,040 Revenue of Marine Depart- meut,1880. " I i.' f. '' ■H4,^ .--, tl t K; ^ b 'I i- ■ . i ,* • , ■ * ;■ f , ,'1 ' ". , t mm'- ■i' *l ; 'i •* .r « M'}-^-. m-. >4.' ".; •:::■ •: ■/■:"• ' • "• •• ' ■ ■ !*]'♦:■■ ' i • III iS* ■ \ ,* • l----.-'r. m V*' ■''^. I '■.;',•.•"' ' ' ■,..■•' ■. :■*■■■' ■ :ll 326 Revenue and exjien- ditnre of Marine Depart- ment, 18(>7-1880. CHAPTER VIII. 491. The following table gives the total Revenue and Kx. penditure of the Department of Marine since Confederation :— Ykak. Revenue. KxiHMiditure Ykak. Revenue. 18(t8. . . 18(i!». . . 1870. . 1871. . . 1872. . 1873. . . 1874. 1875. . . 187f!. . . 1877. . . 1878. . . 1870. . . 7i,r.n 75.3- 71,4 70,; 70,3:..): 144, 75» 108,350 01,23rj 107,084 105, {K)7 100,850 84,144 9 371,071 3(>0,000 307,120 380,537 518,J».58 70«i,8]8 845,1.*)0 844,580 070,14(5 820,054 78(!,152'.i,!Kll '.i7;i,ni;() !tl7,.V)7 88;i.i>,M l.02:t„s(n E.xcexs of e.Ki>endi- ture. Numl)er of vessels on registry book, 1867-1888. 2,138,r)41 I 10,584,820 492. There was an excess of oxpendilure during the whole period of $14,446,279 but it must be remembered that the expenditure includes the construction of a large numl)('r of lighthouses and other permanent works, as well as of several steamers, besides which $123,906 has been spent on the survey of Georgian Bay, and $71,000 on the taking of observations in Hudson's Bay. 493. The following table gives the number of ves.sels and number of tons on the registry books of the Dominion on 31st December, 1889. All sailing vessels, steamers and Imrges arc included : — NUMBER OF VESSELS, &c., OX THE RPXilSTRY BOOK OF CAXAD.A ON 3l8T DECEMBER, 1880. N^umVier of • GroHS ToTUjage, Steamers. Total Pkovinces. Sailing Vessels and Steamers. Sailing Vessels. Steamers. NVt Tonnage. New Brunswick Nova Scotia 022 2,704 1,1.51 im 20<5 70 28 01 01 304 080 18 1(H5 40 0,a55 0,000 74,428 85,020 3,078 18,870 5,254 1,013 2,a55 1,45<5 1,353 224 170 t i 7,153 218,87:5 4t;4,4;ti i(i8,r((Ht H1,,S.'V,I 15,241 (),!K)1 t4;..ebec Ontario Prince Edward Island British Columbia Manitoba Total .5,805 1.348 205,(k^2 1,040,481 MERCANTILE MARINE ANJ> FISHERIES. 327 le and Kx- eratidii :-_ Kxp. mlitun' 7l';!,;{iii 7iii.7;i7,or,7 I H,s;}.i-,i l.,5.S4,S20 the whole cl that the numljiT of of several the survey bservations k'esf^els and ion on 3 1 St barges are •F CANADA Total « Iti Net ToimagH. rs. 13 218,87;< 55 »(>4,4;ial iniinber of vessels, l)ut a decrease of 49,101 tons in creaHes. tlie total tonnage, and assuming the average value to l>e $80 a toil, the value of the total tonnage would bo $^^1, 214,480, lieiiiu ii decrease in value of $1,474,880. Tliere was an increase ot i!:! in the number of steamers, and a decrease of 1,510 tons ill steamers tonnage. 4!i."). The next statement shows the numl)er of vessels and Nnmberof d. . , ,. -lo'TO vessels on le register m each year irom 1878 : — there>,'is- 1__ '' ter, 1873- ' I \ 1881). N'kau. 1S73. 1S74. IS7."'. 1S7I1. ^77. 1S78, 1S7'.|. ISSd. 1S,S1. Vessels. (i,783 (),!»») (>,!»52 7,li>2 7,;i(>2 7,4(i!) 7,471 7,377 7,3i»4 Tens. Yeau. 1,073,718 1,1.58,303 l,20.5..5(k5 l,2(i0,8!»3 1,310,408 1,;«3,015 1,332,0<.»4 1,311,218 1,310,8 1,217,700 1,130,247 1,080,042 1,040,481 4! If). The follovv^iiig is a list of new vessels built and regis- Xew ves- tered m eacli rrovince in 1889 : — in isso. Phovin<'k. Nuinl)er. Tonnage. Xiivii Scotia Ontiirio Ntw ninnswick • jhifiiec British Columbia. ... Prince Kdwaifl Island. .Maiiitiilia Total. m\ 19,(i45 45 3,250 iV) 4,702 27 3,750 12 840 12 1,1503 8 548 280 34,340 • Tliere was an increase of 16 in number and of 9,216 in ton*- iiuife, as compared with the preceding year. Assuming the value of the new vessels to be $45 per ton, the total value would be $1,545,570. .. .■.:M'; t> ^:' ■I. ■ ' t ^^ •*■>,." ..,;•• • ' ». , . •■ ? :* -■ •- .J' ;j.. • V-', 328 l)eort'ast' in (U'uiaiKl for Wooden ships. Shii>i>ing of Canada, 1888 and 1889. CHAPTER VIII. 407. Iron and steel have so completely superseded tlic ns.. of wood in the construction of ships, that the demand for wooden ships is reduced to an extreme limit, in conscMnuiiri' of which the sliip-building industry in the Maritime rroviinos. which used to be a tiourishing one, has almost died away, nnd it does not seem probable that it can ever be revjvod. the decline having been caused by a cessation of demand uwino' to change of material, and not through depression of trade or any causes consequent on the policy of the Government (d' ilio day or within their control. There does not, however, a[)iiear to be any reason why ship-building should not again bi'conu' u profitable industry, at any rate in Nova Scotia, the matciinl used being, not wood, but iron and steel. That Province is favoured with large deposits of high chiss iron ore and ex- cellent coal, and it may safely be said that capital and ciitcr- prise alone are wanting, to make the iron ships of Nova Siotin almost as eagerly sought after in the present market as w tie her wooden vessels in olden days. 498. The following table is a comparative statement of tlio total shipping of Canada, inland as well as sea-going, in tin- years 1888 and 1889 :— COMPARATIVE STATEMENT OF ALL VESSELS (BOTH SEA-iJOI.Nt; AND INLAND) ARRIVED AT AND DEPARTED FROM CANADIAN PORTS (EXCLUSIVE OF COA«TIN(i VESSELS) IN 1888 AND 188!). NumlxT Vessels, 1 Tons Register. I Frekjht. Natiox.\lities. Tons. Weight. Tons Meas- urement. of Mfii. 1888. British Canadian Foreign .... 3,31(i 33,305 27,502 3,.32«,417 (i,182,(i07 5,708, l{t4 15,217, 30.Vf 1,341.407 2,20«i,748 1,181,002 4,81J»,757 r)81,045 1,440,000 1,441,217 « 3,403,171 !ii;,or> 2i;().2."iN 27S.I ;;.•() Total «4,303 (i40.!IH 1880. British Canadiai.> Foreign 3,.305 34,5t>4 27,188 3,.33.3,070 (),()3«),032 !>,08.5,110 l,3O4,<«0 2,147,850 l,5!Mi,050 58(),10<> 1,470,032 1,233,337 105.(Hi'.t aos,;«7 281,1 ISO Total ' «)5,057 1«,054,221 5.040,450 3,205,5«r» (;!M),OS() ded the us,. demand for conso(|iiciici. le rroviiiccis. d away, mul revived, the nam! owino- of trade or ment ul' llio ever, apjiear in bccoiiu' 11 he Tnatorinl Province i.< ore and ox- and ontcr- N"ova Si-otiii ket as \voiv nent of the :oiiig, in till' [ SKA-(;()i.\(; [ CAXADIAX ; AND 18,S!), Nllllll"! lean- ,," !t45 !)i;.o;« 000 2(i(l,2:is 217 27S,(i20 171 (;4o.!tn in(! 032 337 i((o.(«;i' .S08..S.S7 281, (ISO 5(55 ()!H),(1S(; MERC^AXTII.E MARINE AND FlSirEUIES. 401». The shipping of Canada is continually on the increase, tor thore was an increase in 1888 over 1887 of 6,368 in the nninltor of vessels, of 1,126,310 tons in the number of tons iviiislor, of 333,358 tons in the number of tons of freight, and of 51.115 in the number of men employed, while in 1889, as (()iii]iarcd with 1888, the increase was, in the number of vessels 154, of tons register 836,913 tons, of tons of freight 229,702 tons, and in the number of men employed of 49,1 75 .VM). The next table gives comparative particulars of all sea- jroiiiii" vessels entered and cleared at Canadian ports in 1888 iiD-l 1889 :— S1;A (iOINd VKSSELS KNTKRED AND CLKAKED AT CANADIAN FORTH, IHHH AND IHSO, 32!) liic'r«'aHf>iii Hliippiii)^. Sea-fjoing v«'SHels eii- ttTwl and clearefl at Canadian lH)rt.H, IHSH and 18H!>. N.\T|ii.\AI.ITIK.S. NuiiiIht of VesselH. Quantity ok Fkkkjht. Tons K«'gist»li ... Ciuiadiaii. . Furi'ij,'n . . Tutal 1S,S!(. I'ritisli ('[iiiailiiiii. Kiircif(n ... Total 3,.3ir, 1.3,S2« 13,(503 3,32(5,417 1,S(>2,205 4,00J»,0!tl 0,107,803 1,341,407 80!>,01S 733,205 2,««4,530 581,045 840,483 023,325 0(5,033 8(5,84(5 — 181,002 ;^o,«o7 2,354,753 3(54,781 3,305 13,021 12,21H 3,333,070 1,500,504 4,3(53, 02« !t,21H5,(501 1,304,(550 «00,015 040,341 .58(5,10(5 847,805 045,120 105,0(50 00,807 188,28(5 ... . 2H,544 .3,0.51,iKX5 2,370,211 384,252 oOl. There was a decrease of 2,263 in the number of sea- increase in sroiiiii' vessels entered and cleared at Canadian ports in 1889, onnage. iisiomparcd with 1888, but an increase of 98,798 tons in the luimbor of tons register, of 167,376 tons in the weight of froighr, of 24,458 tons in measurement, and of 19,471 in the number of men. Of the total sea-borne trade of the coun- try, 42-75 per cent, was carried in Enghsh bottoms, 26*24 per cent, in Canadian, and 31*01 per cent. :n Foreign bottoms. This is the first time for some years that more freight was ■ ■ / ■• "*'4i.-\ ■ • jVFJ., :, ■■'•I - ', : ' I -l .»,,.| • ', V;;;: i4 .,11: 1., mm' m Tff!^ ^^^ '.JH i • ('M^ * '!t ^ ' i! ^ ' t . ,*- > ' ** 1 1', • *•:.•, '■i- 380 hj, ' . ■•' * HtatiNtiiM of arriviil« at tilt- iKtrt of Mont- rral. '"'4 .» and the increase in tonnage is only a [)roof of the way in w liich large vessels, particularly steamers, are taking the place oftln' smaller vessels of a few years ago. In coimection with this, it may be interesting to state that the lirst ocean-going st( ainir arrived at Montreal in 1853, in which year four arrived, of a total tonnage of 1,951 tons, and in the same year 248 ocean- going sailing vessels arrived, of a tonnage of 57,752 ton^ In the next year, 1854, six steamers, of 5,545 tons aggregate, -lirl ocean-going saiUng vessels of 65,365 tons, and 4,251 inland vessels of 323,578 tons arrived at the port, making an nggiv- gate tonnage of 394,488 tons, and the average toimage of sea- going vessels 274 tons. In 1880, 35 years after, the total ton- nage that arrived at Montreal was 1,892,225 tons, of uliidi 823,165 tons belonged to sea-going vessels, 522 of which were steamers and 173 sailing vessels, the average tonnage of eaeli sea-going vessel having increased to 1,184 tons. In 1880, 354 steamers, 42 ships and 143 barques, sea-going vessels, arrived at Montreal. In 1889 the numbers respectively were b±l, S and 49. 503. The following is a statement of British and Colonial in British PoHseH- shipping for 1888. The figures are all taken from official »ion». sources • — ShiiJpinj? ■ Br " ...» < ■ 10' '■^'*'' , ' ' ' ' nage of widi and Colonial from oilifial MERCANTILE MARINE AND FISHERIES. SHiri*IN(} IN BRITISH rOHSKSSlONS, IHH8. 831 Colony. Tonniigf of KiittTHd and Cleaii'd. 1 iiittil KiiiK<''>»' tw,r»itM4r) M:iltii ililmiltiir ('aiiailii • • . Stmit'* Sfttlfiiieiit.. liiiliii Vw Siiiitli WaleH. , (Vvluii Vii'toriii iiiit'Mi^'lMiid Uinilwiiicl Isliuids Siiiitli Australia. . . , f'ii|»' of (l(Htd HoiM', LiiMiinl IslatidH.. , Ti'inidiiil Xiw Zt'iilaiid .'iiiim it'll io,r.4r),!»r)7 ii.iit7,wt;< s.i.sc.ttor) 7.1S!l,4(ir. 4. 7(1.-., 41 9 4,4r)3,41H 4,;<(>7,hh;i 2,21l,l)t4 i.i>7.H,2M r));o,()2r) H12,3!W r)25,Hr)7 r.i7.<>Mi 727,(»r>7 228,385 2r).s,ir>2 ll«,07« 13 1(H,127 r.4,!MiO 74,5)30 "'■H- *•: . Gibraltar and Malta being merely ports of call, it will be seen that no British possession outside of the United Kingdom has a larger shipping trade than Canada, though the combined sliipiiiiig of the Australasian Colonies considerably exceeds that of this countr}'. The year 1888 was the first in which Canada stood second to Great Britain, Hong Kong having in previous years taken that place. o04. The following table shows the nunibor and tonnage of ReKistered tonnage of merchant vessels (both steam and sading) owned by the prin- the world, cipal countries of the world, according to the latest available returns. The figures have been taken partly from official sources, and partly from the Statesman's Year Book, 1889 : — t Ir ■::il :;4 332 CHAPTER Vlir. United Staten flhipping. m . « ~r\ RK(;iSTKRKl) TOXNAtiK <)K THK rKINCII'AL COINTRIKS IN T||| WOK 1.1). Fisheries of Canada. CofNTHIKM. \'t'MM»'lM. I' nited Kingdom . 17,723 Sweden and Norway I 11,380 < Jennan Knijiire. .....' H.Sll f'anada 7.142 1 'nited States* I 1,(W1 France | li"),'j;<7 Italy ; ti.itlH KuHsia I 2,387 Spain I !Mi8 AuHtriilania I 2,7H(t NetlierlandM (.21 Austria I 11,728 Denmark j 3,324 < ireece r),l.')7 I'ortngal 22(> Belffimn I (>'> Tui-key 842 AveruKc 'lonnage. tuns til (.;|c|| Vf>„.l. 7,123,7.-»4 lO'J 2,024,471 17H 1,240,182 :!•.•.-. l,08!t,(142 i:.:' 1,021, .W) litis 1)72, 52.') lU 805, (i2r) l'.",! 014,.'.«il :'"'7 .*.31,2(H» .•.is .soi,(m l:",! 07.'«,781 l,(i,s:. 287,2(17 .Sil 272,5(10 ,s:' 2.58, 84ti .Ml 71»,51() ;<(ii 8(;,391 I.H2!l 182,25{> mil * Licensed and enrolled vessels tmt included. 50'). Canada, it will be seen, stands fourth in the list, luit if the licensed and enrolled vessels belonging to the United States which are employed in the river and home trade were included, that country would take second place, its total ton- nage amounting to 4,307,475 tons. To such an extent has tlio American mercantile marine declined that, whereas in 18;')!] 75-2 per cent, of the United States imports and exports were carried in American bottoms, in 1888 the proportion was only 13*48 per cent., the value carried having increased in the .sinu' period 112 per cent. I'AKT II-KI.SHEIUKS. 506. The sea fisheries of Canada, which are situated off the coasts of Nova Scotia, Xew Brunswick, Prince Edward Island, Quebec and British Columbia, are among the richest and most important in the world, while the fresh water fisheries of the great lakes and rivers of the country are nowhere to be sur- passed. t * i;!': V MERCANTILE MAUINE ANU FISIIKKIES. 333 11 KS IN Till: Avfru)fi. '. to 11^ tci llicli , V.>H,.|. » Iii-J I 17H i .'tLV. i l."c' \ I'lOS ) lU ) ll.1i 1 2." !» .-.J.s 1 iLlt 1 I,(ih:. 1 3(1 1 H-> i Till i mil 1 i,;{iii ) 21(1 'All. The following are luminary rom partitive statemeiitsii of Ni. i.i imii the total yield and value of the tisheries, both marine and ti'. Hm'i'i... fresh water, and also of the value of the same by rrovitutes, in '('Zm!ui 188S and 1889. jJJ*;'''"' CO.MI'AKATIVK STATKMKNT OK THK VIKM) AM) VALUK OK THK KIHHKKIKS OK (JAXADA. ISHS 1HH<(. C.hI Cwt. jiipiii'li'ss Cod Llw. iicriiiij^, pickled BrlM. smoked BoxeH frozen No. " frt'Mli Ll)H. Liiltsti rs,|»r»'Ht'rv«'d,iii c'li.s " inMlu'll,iilivt',N. " preserved, in cans " siuokwl. •' .MackiTel.preHer'd, in cans " frewli ...... " pickled IJrln. Hak Cwt. Hiik.' " I'cili.K'k " Tnmt Llw. ■ pickled .... Bris. Whiteti.sh, i)ickltHl " treHh Llw. Smelts " Sardine.^ HhdH. Oysters Brls. Hake sodndw Lb8. (\x\ toiijfiu'M and Hounds . Brls. .\le\vives " Siiiui Ll)H. " iiickled Brls. Ms " " " Lbs. Halibut " Stur|{«m " Maskinonge " Bass " Pifken-l " Pike " Winninish " Tom Cod or Frost-fish ... " Fknmders " IHH1». 'Quantity. Value. (.Quantity. Value. 8 • l,Oi>(),S47 4,203,;W8 !KI4,5<10 .3.(iU 240 3,(HH> 120 ;M 1,077 l,.3tl4,.'108 28(1,(178 1,1(1.5,724 l,4!»7,SiM) 373,272 2,(ia5,17(t (1(1(1,342 22,;ioi"),i">oo 133, 8;« 22,247,8(10 i;«,487 !»,()r).s,»w 482,821 10,(148.021 .•(.32,804 !t,r)!(7,773 1,207,03.3 ]().(W7.2.S3 1,27(1. 4(1H (i,2HH 27C.,;i')4 5,247 208. 02O 8.4(14 100,078 (1,704 84.740 4,()40,(i<>0 080,432 4,2(17,173 (134,734 8,K78,ir)<-. 1.110,874 20,141,1.52 2,417..5(»8 30,.57(» (1,115 24,714 4,043 (W.-'-XW 7,883 1!M1.212 23,545 MO, (100 32,4»1 542,,50O 32. .550 (■.2,7.')r. 041,;il0 (12,237 874. .302 2:^7, 18H '.148,732 125,(1(12 r);i2.048 121,C.3.-) 4W1.540 118,714 474.8.5(1 121.071 484.284 77,10(1 ;^8,784 4,4iHt,8(W 440,381 .5,125,403 512,.54!! n,0(J8 (10,(180 4,082 40,820 7,r)(i.s 7."»,(i;,2:i4 1(13,002 (13,040 180,807 103,i")57 103,.557 70,480A 70,400 l(J,(>00 128,.541 10,2.54 37.470 1(1(1,441 514,251 30,8.55 I7u,;m 10,220 3,050 .30,.5(K) 4,808 48,145 22,504 20(1,.570 7,100 71,000 1,.')!H),145 114,778 1,378,473 82,708 1,3(W,808 12«>,405 1,!K)3,115 1(50,0.50 1,802,518 111,11(1 1,773,(585 102,128 78(5,1»81 47,218 755,203 4.5,312 l,034,84(i (}2,0(»0 1,153,487 55,725 3,184,41(5 104,4.58 3,2(14,501 182,382 1,500,878 .5.5,.333 1,74.3,444 00,288 100,000 (1,000 100,000 (1,000 1,2l 12«,449 1,1.58 8 49,784 2,820 20,020 40 3,000 279,830 31,087 7,500 1,847 31H),()50 208,851 231,580 03,224 28,950 7,500 11,649 380 82,500 0,700 Total. . . . Increase 45,500 203,235 17,418,510 33,570 33,333 115 777 984,183 27,275 217,609 60,563 984 !I42;325 Valr 4(;,r)!i(i ■S.-ioO 1,340 ISMWI ;tt,"),7(H) ii.rioii .s.i.-ii 4()7,Sl,-i 147.853 2(il.347 30,281 24.11011 10,7.">0 52,48(1 4iym) 2!t5,871 17,<')o5,2o() 23<),74(; COMPARATIVE STATEMENT OF THE VALUE OF THE FISHERIES OF CANADA; BY PROVINCES, 1888 AND 1889. Provinces. Value. 18811 Nova Scotia ! 7,817,031 New Brunswick 2,941,863 Quebec 1,860,013 Prince Edward Island 876,862 British Columbia I,!t02,195 Ontario 1,839,869 INIanitoba and North-West Territories 180,677 6,34(1,722 3,0ti7,03!l l,S7(),li« 88(i,431 3,348,0(W 1,9(13,123 l(i7,<)7fl Total ' 17,418,510 i 17,(>55,25t) .' »• ^LUE OF THF Jt. 18Sf). ;.v- ValuH. .s ;4<( 4(;,a!ti; wo 3, 8(H) HX) 8.2."H) roo 1.340 l!l,!l.'i(l )70 33,"), 7(H) W3 31.,-).S3 15 11,.')(HI n 3.1.M [S3 4(t7,81.-. {-;■) 147.853 )01» 2(11.347 )«3 30,281 W4 24,(i(Ki l(),7ri() L>5 .")2,48(i ... Ai)M) 2!)5.871 ... 17,(wr).2.5(! 23(i,74(; ISF [ERTES OF .S 81 13 «2 6,340,722 3,0t)7,03!l 1,87(),1!M 880,431 95 69 77 3,348,008 1,!K;3,1?3 107,(i7!t 10 I 17,(ir)5,2.5() MERCANTILE MARINE AND FISHERIES. 335 .^OS. Ah compared with 1888 there was an increase in the Particu- liirs of the total vahie of $236,746, the large decrease of $1,470,309 in .yield in Xova Scotia being counterbalanced b}' the equally large increase of 81, 445,873 in British Columbia. There were also increases in New Lru'iswick, Prince Edward Island, Quebec and Ontario i,goi(>irating $274,180, making a total increase of $1,720,053, aoaiiist a total decrease of $1,483,307, leaving the net increase, a? stilted, of $236,746. The decrease in Nova Scotia was laru'oly attributed to the use of purrs seines and to the scarcity of bait. The mackerel catch generallj' was a small one, and in QiioIk'c a complete failure. There Avas a general increase in Idhstcrs, smelts and oysters, the improvement in the smelt fisliory b(dng a very decided one. The large increase in British Columbia was principally caused b}^ the unprecedented run of salmon in the Fraser River, the total pack of canned salmon Salmon in having reached tlie enormous quantity of 20,122,128 1-lb. tins, Columbia. licing an increase of 11,288,184 lbs. over that of 1888, and of this increase the Fraser River contril)uted 11,112,288 lbs., and tho Inspector say.-s that sufHcient fish ascended the river to pack' 15,000,000 lbs. in addition, had there been sufficient appliiinces. It i.s not, however, expected that such a large catch can be maintained, and the number of licenses has been limited to 500, 350 on the Fraser River and 150 to local fishermen. There were 28 canneries in operation, 16 on the Fraser River and 12 on the coast (Naas and Skeena Rivers), and the pack was 14,789,856 lbs. on the Fraser River and 5,332,272 lbs. on the coa.st. Since 1876, when canning operations first commenced, 2,160,763 cases or 103,716,624 lbs of salmon have been packed in British Columbia. ••(■'•vi. -■L"?" ■''!'. .,1 1 '>'. •••!„ .i'tU'-' ■• J-- \...r K,. • ji'ii ■« m * • ■ -■■ : : 1? '^m^ 1 '■■■.« - <"'i ■ ■ ■ i» 336 CHAPTER VIII. Value of 509. The followiiii< table, applicable to the whole cat di of catch of «-. I i I ji principal the Dommioii, shows the increase or decrease in value of tlir. and 188!». principal kinds offish in 1889 as compared with the catdi of 1888. ! \ ' l'> » ...;•■• • ■ 1 • VALUE OF CATCH OF PRINCIPAL KINDS OF FISH IN 18«i), (OM- PARED WITH am. Fish, Value. I « Cod 3,01S,240 Salmon 3,141,925 Herring 2,41t8,3r)7 Lobsters 1,484,488 Mackerel !)30,39«J VVhitefish (ksr),0% Trout r)53,3(Ht Haddock 532,948 Hake 474,851! Pollock 308,784 Fish oils 407,815 Seal skins | 3(i7,283 Smelts 298,951 Ovsters 189,897 Pickerel 182,381 Alewives KM!, 441 Halibut 1(W,059 Eels ir)3,708 Sturgeon 102,127 D.Wi 1,234,525 144,123 1,100 43,308 .1 17,1<»5 55,7(«! 7(i,277 25,!K»5 37,i»6o 34,(k)4 'I'CIISI'. .■>S.-.,2t).S 17,22S 4i:..7S4 IK(i.S4 7.\:)iHi 1-2,077 i(;7,ii4(i lit *• < .' Niunber & 510. The followinff table o-ives the number and valuo of value of & O fishing l)oats, iicts, &c., and the number of men employed in tlic nets, etc. fisheries in the several Provinces in 1889, according to returiis published bv the Fisleries Department. Can!iin<)^ estahlisli- ments, fishing piers, houses, hand lines, trawls, steamers, Ac. are not included, and their value cannot be given, but it is very considerable : — ■aMo' MERCANTILE MARINE AND FISHERIES. 337 - ■- ^ M 18811, COM- 1 s ."isri.L'ij.s 35 23 m .M.2tW 17.22S (08 415.7X4 II.I1S4 7.\.".(HI (>r> m k^w U 1 1(5 12,077 (K) 54 i(;7,ii4ii .H,!is!i lid value of :»y€ !(1 ill tllC igi :o returns K ostaldisli- :eaniers, &q.. m, Init it is VKSSELS, MEN, NKT8, &c., EMPLOYED IN THE FISHERIES OF CANADA, 1889. I'HOVINCK. VeMselH and BoatH. Number Xiiva Scotia ' 14,773 Vw liiiiiiHwick 5,288 i'lim-f I'ldward Island. . 1,357 ilnelnr i 5,{»3() Kiitisli Columbia t I.JmC) (liitario I 1,()50 'Miinitoha and North- Wtst 'I'crriten-ieM 542 Value. ; Men, NumlHT l,754,(>t'.8 320,5101 85,(534 275.4(>3 aV),085 2.3l>,.568 Nets. FatiiomH. Value, 27,334; 10,527 4,245 11,.583 7,78(5; 3, 528 1 3, 1, 131,080 3!K;,5.31 JI2,y27 248,823 2(53,013 320,708 44,200; 2,000' 53,000 Toval 31,l!»(5i 3,072,128! (57,003, 5,50(5,172 Other Fishing Material. 70(5, 07«> 232,385 (55,!l.35 1.5(5,311 212,187 218,101 8,400| 81,(570 242,7(55 8(J0 53,838 8,8(K) 0(5,147 1,500,485 484,020 * Returns incomplete. 511. Ill addition to tho above, J^ritisli Coliiinbiii employs ojO men and 213 vessels of 1,499 tons agij:regate, in the seal iisliery. The total number of seals caught by Canadian vessels in 1SH9 was 33,570, valued at $349,825, while 7,428 seals, viiliu'd at 174,280, i^aught by foreign vessels, were disposed of in Vietoria, B.C. 512. It will be seen that upwards of 08,000 men are omiiloyed in the fisheries proper, while no aeeount can be irivoii of the number of men, women and ehildren t'luployed on shore in conneetion with them. Seal fish- ery in Hritish Columbia. Ntnnber of hands em- l)k)yed. 518. Four steamers and two schooners were employed in the Fisheries Fisheries I'rotection Service in the drulf of St. Lawrence and Senice."" on the Atlantic Coast during the season of 1889, but only one seizure was made, viz., that of the IT. S. schooner " Mattie Winslii[»,"' for fishing within the territorial waters of the Dominion. The vessel was afterwards released on payment of a tine of $2,000. The modus vivcudi, which has been in force for two years, pending a settlement of the fisheries question, iiiis lieon continued for another year. By this arrangement 22 ■'V !■ h^K: ii' %' ! *•; "* Til I il :[;? :iiii '1 1 ( '■.'■'* <;• 338 U:-: •', a','* ' '^.'. , If U. 8. inaekv -h1 fleet. Fishing lx)untie». Fish hatcheries. ■ tn i»:. ■'■ '^ . « < U-. * 1 ' ' CHAPTER VIII. United States iishing vessels are admitted to Canadian fislieries on payment of a license fet of $1.50 per ton, and the privilege Avas largely taken advantage of during the past year, heino- evidently highly appreciated by United States lishermen. TUi is shown by the fact that 7i licenses were issued, as compared with 36 in 1888, and $9,5F9 collected in fees, as against |iS,o.jl in the previous year. 514. The United States mackerel fleet, fishing in Canadian waters in 1889, comprised 62 vessels, and the take amounted to 6,775 barrels, as compared with 83 vessels in 1888 and a take of 10,418 barrels. 516. Under an Act passed in 1882 to encourage the develop. ment of Sea Fisheries and the building of fishing vessels, tlie sum of $150,000 has been annually distributed among fisher- men and fishing vessels entitled to the same. The numLor of claims paid d'lring the year was 15,599, and the amoui t paid $150,185. The bounty was paid on the basis of $1.50 per ton to vessels and $3 per man to boat fishermen, and the niinilier of vessels which received bounty was 827, of 31,640 tons, tlie number of l)oats 14,772, and the number of fish ''nen 28,250. The total amount of bounty paid since 1882 has been $1,094,801. 616. There were 11 Government fish hatcheries in operation in 1889, situated at Fraser River, B.C. ; Sydney and Bedford, N.S. ; St. John River and Miramichi, N.B. ; Restigouche, Gaspe, Tadousac and Magog, Que. ; and INTewcastle and Sand- wich, Ont. The gross output of young fish of all kind^ during the year amounted to 67,700,000, of the following species, viz. : Salmon, (Atlantic and Pacific), salmon and brook trout, whitetish, pickerel and black bass. The num])er of eggs collected in the autumn of the year tor subsequent hatoli- ing was 136,000,000. A fish hatchery has been reoently established at Ottawa, and the one at Dunk River, P.E.I., will probably be in operation next summer. The great l)enefit of these hatcheries to the fisheries generally is universally acknowledged, and it was the almost unanimous opinion of n:f r I MERCANTILE MARINE AND FISHERIES. 339 those interested that the extraordinary run of salmon on the Fniser River was hargely due to the operations of the hatchery there. 517. The total expenditure by the Fisheries Department Fisheries (hiring the fiscal year ended 30th June, 1889, was : meiltVx- Ki.^hery utticers Jij! H3,()84 IH-nditure. Kish-br ceding. .... 41,31.') Fisheries i)rotection service ♦»9,6it4 Fishing bounty 14!>,!M>1 Miscellaneous — 10,912 Total .1ia55,5!K) 518. The following table, showing the value of the yield and Value of of tlio exports of the lisheriert since Confederation, yv\]\ give pij>orrs"of >oiue idea of the great importance of this industry : — isns-'im) VAIA l'?OF THK YIELD AND UF THE EXPORTS OF THE FISHERIES IN CANADA, 1868-1880. ... ii: •hi,; . , ■•• 1 « '• <«- , 1 It,, ^ ,. •• - . I ''\ ■ . ' .? Ykak. Total Value of the Yield of the Fisheries in the Dominion of Canada. S WW. Will. 1S70, 1H71. 1872. 1S73. 1S74. 1873. 187ti. 1877. ' » .. -y * , ;- ■" •' ,' 'ii ■ ■ •■ . Value ExiKUted. ;„i ■ J 4„S7«,r)2(i <),577,3iH 7,573,1!«» !>,570,11«) 10,754,!«t7 11,()81,88() 10,350,385 11,147,590 12,029,957 W.s ' 13,215,«78 1S7!I ' 13,529,254 \m I 14,41K»,979 18S1 ' 15,817,162 18N2 16,824,0J>2 1883 16,958,192 1'8S4 1 17,76*5,404 18H(;. 1887. 188H. 188!) . Total. 17,722,973 18,679,288 18,38«J,103 17,418,510 17,655,25<> 282,5.'M,!>38 3,357,510 3,242,710 3,608,549 3 994,275 4,38. . . 1887. . . 1888. . 188!). . . . Total l.^ Ontario. < ineVtec. Nova Scotia. liniiisuitk. .-i! .s •S .■«! 1!M»,'_>(W 1,()4(!,240 2,.501,507 (!;<.s,.-)7i; 'J(i4,!t82 l,l(il,551 4,010,425 l.K^l.Wi l!».S.r>24 I,()!t3,(il2 5,101,030 l,is.\(i;tt 2(!7,<»33 1, 320,1 8! 1 t!,01t»,8.'}5 l,!Hl.\4.7l 2!t3,0!»l l,;.!ll,5«>4 (i.577,08(i 2.L's.").(;(;i 44(i,2()7 l,(i()8,(i()l (t,(;52,3(m 2,OS.-i,7iii' 453,1!»4 l,5!Mi,7.5!» .5,573,85i 2,4l>7.Im4 437,22)1 2,01»7,(i(i8 (),02o,or)<» l,!i.");i.;Mi 438,223 2,.5(K),147 5,527,S.-)8 2,i.s;i.:>;)7 348,122 2,()(i4,055 (>,i3i,(;(Ht 2..S(»r),7IMI »i7,133 2,820,3i»5 .5,7.52,0,S7 2..m4,7l'1' 444,4i)l 2,»>31,55(i 0,201, 0(51 2.744,447 r)<)it,iK)3 2,751,iM;2 t>,214.782 2,it:«),iHi4 825, 4.57 l,!)7ti,51(» 7,131,418 .S.1!I2.;«I 1,(»27,033 2,138,!M>7 7,080,373 3,iM."),(i7:i 1,133,724 l,«>!>4,r)<)l 8,7(«,770 3,7:{li,4.')4 l,342,(i!>2 1,71!>,4(H) 8,283,022 4,(MI.\4:<1 l,4;i5,!M>8 1,741,382 8,41.5,»!2 4,lso.:>L'7 1,531,8.50 1,773,.5<>7 8,370,782 3,.V.II,:)()7 i,83i»,8 13.5,210,714 54,8(»4,t;.'i:' ■'■ ■„, -1 MERCANTILE MARINE AND FISHERIES. 341 CKS, l«(i<.» issii. tia. N.-w lirunswitk. s K): r..'{,s.:,7(; 25 i.i;!l,.".()7 131 2,!»41,K(;3 22 3,(M;7,o:i!i 14 .HWt4,t;.'!2 \ ALUK OF THE YIKLl) OF THE FIHHKRIKM HY PROVINCFH, .>NHi,1 '■ „. Ykah. Maiiit(>l)ii and 'IVrritorif.H. BritiHh Prime Kd- CV.«himbia. ward Island. 1S71. is7;5. 1.S74. \. In!.. ISsli. ISSl. ISSJ. iss;?. is>4. ISS"). ISSI). 1SS7. lS,>v>«. lS,S!t. »»..")!H) 24,023 Total 18<>,!»80 121t,(>84 18(>.(»77 lti7,<}7!t 1()4,(H»7 .■)83,4;i3 !»2r>.7(>7 713,:«r) l,4r>4,"21 l,842,<>7r) 1,<>44,()4IJ l,;i*)8,2(>7 1,(>78,0:« 1,577,348 1,!I74,887 l,!M)2,l!ir) 3,348,()(;8 711»,0;« l!M.'«>,443 2()7,r)i».*) 288,8(13 2t»«,!»27 4!»4,!M)7 7()3,(t8(i 840,.S44 1,4()2,»»1 i,(>7r),()8!) i,!»r)r),2!M» l,8-)r),»i87 1,272,4(18 i,08r),(iii» 1.21(3, 43<) 1,141, !I!H 1,037,42(> 87(),8(>2 88(J,431 Total of Canada. 4,37(i,r)2(> (),r)77,3!ll 7,573, 1!H» !»,570,ll(i 10,7r>4,i»!»7 n,(>81,88(i iu,;i*)((,:w.-) n,147,5!»() 12,(>2tt,!C)7 13.21 "),(J78 13,r>2t»,254 14,4i»!»,!>7!> ir),817,l(i2 1(;,821,0!»2 l(i,!t.*)8,lit2 17,7(i(i,4()4 17,722,!t73 18,(>7!»,28H 18,38(i,l()3 17,418,.-)10 I7,(>.")r),2r)(i 17,37(>,32(i I 282,r)34,!>38 ,:-f "'':t^-^ir'i':^'- IH HI ' •r,' .. . ji.i ''^m- >';U 342 t \ .* ,»*, ♦ .' 'i<^ '-/; ' n' . fc '« * i ■ ■ ** CHAPTER VIII. CANADIAN QUANTITIKH OF SOMK OF THE PKIN( ||ai, M.\CKKltKr,. >Iki;- H '<'^'''- Ct)d Ykar. and Ling. HatM(Kk. ^^^1 — FreHli ■ V Pieklfd. and Picklod. Sini.kHl. ■ *""■" in Cn.u». Cwt. Llw. Brls. Ll)H. JirlH. 15UX..S. I iww 513,.V)8 483,000 51,011 301,i»76 Ifl'l ^1 1S70 578.423 ;i51,8(K) 02,183 240,180 \'2M, ■ 1S71 tl74,t;02 537,500 240,305 24,228 ;i8.5,700 1S72. ... 824, 4;« 227,600 110,430 84,180 284,032 •'>l,ti.si; ^1 1H74 7!t7,8i»l 4,128,632 l(tl,0!M! 130,4»)O 40(>,o<;s 4.U2.m\ ^ 187(i... . 8.30,8(«> 15,107,800 104,3.56 •m,".'H) 420,367 .•,4!i.i:,(i ■ 1877 815,0(;8 11,488,114 l()3,0ir. 101,037,484 14,18:^,550 101,440 03,514 340,025 Tlni.'.hui H 1880 1,002,514 11,104,2(M) 233,W;i> 113,707 342,763 544.ii;>-) ^1 1881 1,075,582 11,708,0<)3 105,772 3i)0,6(M! ;i62,;i54 . l,()Ho,4ii; ■ 1882 !Mt3,030 17,!H»3.(>.50 110,3.52 .504,«)61 423,042 i,'J47,i';,318,200 14.5,752 .5.30,734 477,2(52 i.4f;i,s.->4 ■ .-i* 18W! 1,081,41(1 21,:W,4(K) 148,420 772,502 374,784 ^^^.%^M, ■ 1887 .... 1,078,355 21,t)00,;«Kt 12«.>,610 508, tMl 340,i)0!» i..-)S(i.rus ^ '-h 1888 1,053,847 23,7]8,3(K> ••.2,751.'1,II.S|| ti4'.',(l(H) ■>4li.l.-,(i "i.'i.'^.l'li.'p •■>44,',IL>:> l,tHi(l,4|i; l.LMT.L'Hl l,l.M7,iWi 1.4(ll„sri4 M2!l.3li:i 1,4!»7„S!N| L',(iH.M;i| i!»,;<44,(i(;i KIMkS of fish caught during the years 1W5!) 18«!). lilS4 7,;4,4!t7 !t.(;,")3,308 l(»,ti4M,021 34,X70,r)3« Frozen. Picked. No. 16,050,000 20,527,200 20,87.5,0f)0 14.a-.l,5(H) 15,800, l.W 21,023,300 21,1(86,700 22,305,.50« 22,247,8(»0 175,()<»7,210 BllH. 7,«»>3 12,613 7,676 8,205 7,722 7,383 5,02») 5,6-10 7,130 J>,440 4,340 4,157 6,038 6,840 K^OtW 7,82»i 6,511 !l,042 8,464 <>,704 14i»,126 Smoked, | FreHh and ' in Cans. Lbs. ! !»H4,164 1,4',K>,3!>2 2,110,825 2.104,302 3,!K»7,238 4,578,.572 2,41!>,3(K) 2,274,70 12,.503,!MM) 10,!»2(i,JK)3 10,101,648 10,720,081 14,46.5,365 13,.540,302 24,433,030 IjolwterH. lAw. 61, (MM) .501,rjO0 1,1»),000 3,5*^,863 4,864,008 8,117,221 6,514,38(t 5,373,088 8,086,81!> 10,714,611 10,244,320 13,1(»5,072 18,.576.523 20,813,7;<0 17,084,020 22,063,283 27,2!«t,038 3:1,758,421 10,485,687 22,173,773 21,131,2:i3 Smelts. IFish OHh. Lbs. ' (tails. 124,000 102,601 l(i,4lM) r),34,72i» 5r)5,l(K) (il6,3«i4 584,000 6iMi,701 810,3!Mt 674,1.55 1,156,3.50 518,2.34 1,4.51, .580 621>,752 1,000,825 702,017 2,2»Mi,202 01,5,667 2,718,207 !M>0,170 1,787,378 l.060,«60 2,042,628 1,0«M,746 2,324,715 1,278,247 3,241,024 1,077,005 4,180,043 1,140,508 6,177,410 783,765 .5,082,358 818,1.52 7,20!>,888 3,723,772 060, .541 5,011,058 084,183 16(5,710,463 274,754,500, 60,187,555 I I 17,523,.348 .. • , '"{ irS-^l m ii fe^'1 . M< r .V .v. ■• |: l.i ■ ;U4 CHAPTER VIII. Tho tigurort in tlio foregoing talilo will prol»sil>ly be toiind interesting, a.s giving Home idea of tlie enonnoiiH ([iiantitics (,(' Home kinds of fiHli that are ti»ki'n aiiniiallv, thongli tlav u\\ almost too large to ciinvey anv really correct impression. (iiiantitiis 521. Tlic iicxt table is a snmmary of the (imintitics mi,! uikI viiliitM .11 1 • ' 1 of ifitain values t)f the same hsh, taken durinij^ the iienod : — I* I c ' ^^ A ;<4,72i 7,r)71,2<)4 i!t,.s44,»;(n ;<4,N7(),r);w 17r),(Mi7,210 14!».12«i l(M!,7l!t.4C>:< 274,7r>4,r)!«» ' »»(»,1,S7, .•).").-> I7,r>28,;i4s V..1U-. 7!i,i'ils,»i;> 2i».27s,ii74 ■ ;H7,!M,;t.LM 2;«,;i")i,:.i'."i ;<.:{7!Mi7ii The «sh. ery laws of the Do- minion. THE FISHERY LAWS OF THE DOMINION. T.\IU,K of Close Seasons in force on .Slst Deeeml>er, 1HK((. Kinds ok Fish. Salmon (net fish- ing). Salmon (angling). . SfwckltHl Trout Sep. 1.5 to (Sahrfinua Fon- Aliiy 1 thiali»). Large (irey Trout, L\mge, VVinni- nish and Land-' Kx'ked Salmon . . i Nova Scotia. A tig. 1 to May 1. Aug. ir> t(f Feb. 1. Oct. 1 to Jan. 1. Oft. I.') to Dec. 1. Aug. 15 to] Aug. l.'i to March 1| March 1 Aug. 15 to'.\ug. 1.") to Feb. 1. Feb. 1. Maiiitdli;. iiinl N.AV. T. Oct. 1 to April 1. Oct. 1 CO Ajn-il i. Oct. 1 to Oct. 1 to Oct. 1 t( April 1. Dec. 1. ! .Inn. 1. Oct. 1 to April 1. M m-^> vi).s OF nsii MEKOANTIT.E MARFNK AND I QUERIES. THK FISHKKV LAWS OF THK DOMINION. Kim,-, UK Ki.sii. ■rk'T.l (l)on').. Ontmiti. (^utln'c Niivii New Scotia. Hrmiswick April l.'ito April l.")ti> S.;i ISm tpnl 1.1 to April 1.) to Mny 1.') Aliiy 1"> I'.jis-' jim! MiiMki-'.Vpril 1.*> to .V|>i'il 1."> to, Ii(,li;;i . ' .Imic I."). .luiU' 15. \Vhitili>ii iuid Sal- Nov. 1 to iiKFii Tnnit. j Nov. .'W(. Whit, fi.-li ' Nov. 1(» t'l Dff. 1. iMarcli 1 to ( >ct. 1. Simlt^ \l'iil 1 to April 1 to April 1 to! April 1 to I .Inly 1. .luly 1. I .Inly 1. i July 1. I nj>|< lift ti!»liiiij< prohibited, t-xccpt iiiult-r ! llCfllHC. |,iili-*tiiM ...Inly 1"> to.Iuly 1 to .Inly 1 to.liiIyK) to V. K TnIiukI. Maiiit<)l>a and N.-W. 'I'. April 1.') to >Iay 1.-). 845 Thf Hsh,.. ry lawH of thf Do- minion. Dff. -M \h'v. HI. Dfc. 'M On .Vtlantif coast, from ('a|H' ('aiiso to houndarv liiif, I'.S., .Inly I.".' to Dfc. ;^1, in rfiiiaiiiiiifj '.vatfrs of No\a Scotia and New hnmswick. Still>,'coll ' I 1 Aug. HI to Mav 1. Dfc. 1. I i\vtfrs , .I.Fuiif 1 to.luiif 1 to.luiif 1 to.Juiif 1 to Oct. .^ to Nov. 10. May 1 t( .Tunc 1.*). NoTK. Thf following Ufgulatioiix aif ajiplicahlf to the Provincf of HritiMi I'l'liiiiiliia : 1. Nft tishing allowed only luidfr licfUHfs. L'. Salmon nets to have nifslum of at leant '>':} inches extension measure. :i. Diift lifts coiitined to tidal waters. No nets to bar more than onf-tiiird of any riMi. Fishing to lie dis<-ontiiiued from ti p.m. Saturday to 11 a.m. Monday. 4, The MiniMter of Marine and Fisheries to determine numl>er of Iniats, seines or iii'fs t(i U' used on each stream. .1, The close season for trout is fixed from the I'lth Octolu'r tti l.'itli March. SYNOPSIS OF FISH FRY LAWS. Nit fishing of any kind is ]iniliil)itfd in public waters, excejit under le.»^"» or ilccliscs. Tlic siy.f of nets is regulated so as to prevent the killing of young fish. Nets iiiiiiiit t»' set or seines used so as to liar channels or buys. A ^'ciifial weekly dose-time is provide^!, in addition to s|)ecial close seasons. The use of explosive or ]ioiHonous sulistances, for catching or killing tish, is illegal. .Mill dams must l>e providefl with efficient lish-piwses. Models or drawings will Ufiiinislifd by the Dejiartment on application. Tlie alK)ve enactments and close seasons are supplemented in s|)ecial cases, under iiutlinrity of the Fisheries Act, by a total prohilntion of fishing for stated j)eriods. M ••f % 1 I \i:r I I • ■ 346 CHAPTER IX. RAILWAYS AND CANALS. I'akt I.— Raiiavavs. ill' Jh.SI in* 51* i » I .. . . •« ' ■ .. ■:- •*■■ ■■' ■' ■ * 1 • ' ' ' ■ (toverii- iiit-nt aid railwayH. Railway develop- ment in Canada. 522. In Tiuliji and in all the principal Britinh Coloniofi. with the exception of Canada, the rail\va}> have been princi|nillv. and in some cases entirely, built by the Govornnient vvitli piil). lie money, and lai'^e portions of the public debts have hocn incurred for that purpose, but in this country the (loverniii.ut have only built such lines as were re, lS8i». SouRCK OK Capital, Oiiliiiary sharo ciipital I'rfftTt'iiwt " PkiikIi'iI (If bt Aid fniiii Duminiun (Jovennnent " Ontario " " Ouel)ec '* " NewBninHwick " N '"a Scotia " " M&nitol>a " " British Columbia Government " MimicipalitieH Capital from other sources Total Amount. Amount jier Mile. * $ 2:<«i,«W!»,181 17,73;-) !tr),87(>,41»l 7,184 251,r>7r),22(5 18,8r)<» 135,H5»4,:J04 10,183 5,!»47,(M»8 44(i »,«8(;,(M}7 748 4,230,«3«5 317 1,85.3, 4!HJ 13» 1,S»81,000 148 37,50<) 3 13,4«il,224 1,008 2,»4!>,713 221 7«»0,r)7(!,44«> r)«,««a '^ri .^-i?' i' ! i I ?!■ i ! .... ■! •'■I- *, ' 348 Proportion of heads of capital to total. :y''-'-< Railway .statistics lS75-188!t. ||!i V, ■/VU^.^.- ) * ■• CHAPTER IX. 525. The proportion tliat each amount ])ears tc tlu; total capital is as follows : — Per c-t'iit. Ordinary sliare capital 31 ■ Bonded debt 3;v Dominion (Jovernnient aid 18' Preference .share capital 12' Provincial (Jovernnient aid 3' M^unicipal aid 2' Other sources (» 4 Nearly 25 per cent, of the total capital has thus, it will be seen, ])een contrilnited l)y State and Municipal aid. 52l). Though returns of a certain kind were annually mado to the Government, they were, previously to 1874-75, moio or less incomplete, and only since that year have any accurate statistics heeii collected. The following tahle gives the train mileage, nund)er of passengers atid tons ot freight carried, and the receijtts and expenditure of all railways in the Doniiniou for each year since the 1st July, 1874 : — Yeah KNItEl) Jlne .SOTH Miles in 0|)e ra- tion. Train Mileag*', 1875 4,H'M 187« 5,157' 1877 5,574 1878 (>,143A 187!> «»,484A 188() «),8!»l| 1881 7,200 1882 7,530 1883 8,72(» 1884 5»,575 1885 10,150 1886 10,097 1887 11,(«>1 1888 12,1(53 1889 12,,443,!»24 (5,52.3,810 0,4(52,948 (5,943,(571 9,.352,.3;« t>,.')79,948 9,982,358 9,()72,51>9 9,8(51,024 10,(598,(538 11,41(5,791 12,151,051 Tons of Freight. .5,(570,83(5 (5,3:^1,757 (5,859,7!t(5 7,883,472 8,348,810 9,938,8P8 12,06.5,323 l.3,.-)7.5,787 13,2(50,255 13,712,269 14,(5.59,271 1.5,(570,4(50 It5,.3.5(5,.3a5 17,173,759 17,928,626 Earnings. W(irkiii: 21»,027,7J>0 a3,244,585 33,421,705 32,227,4(59 .33,389,382 38,842,010 42,151.1.53 42,149,(515 15,77n,i)»2 1.5,H(l'J.721 15,2!H),(l!ll 1(>,1!XU(I2 10.1.S8,1()-J Kl.MO,?),! •20,121,41S 22,;5iH),7(Ht 24,t;!ti,t«ir 2.5,r)!tr),;54i 24,oir),;wi 23,177.:W 27, V)8,()«4 r42,().')3 V20,()78 t2r),«i«) ): )27,7tM) >44,58f) 121,705 J27,4«9 W»,382 M2,010 151.153 I4!»,«)15 15.77/).r)32 ir.,WfJ.721 ir),2)t(M)l)l 1(),10,1-J1,41S 22,3(K>,7(W 24,r.!tl,(»;7 2r>,r)!tr),:{4i 24,oir.,;wi 23,177,:W 27, -. -• •1.- '■■, •■'•■ A .- < < Jz; ^ t- W«« S CO N O w^i CO w v^ iS'ao 00 CO ,-1 « ^ O t>. 'O M -O O ■* 09 ►X CO»OOi-lN3ir-'005. i^ X -o rHCOii-iC*5frH55i-H'r iJJrH IrH Si 31 o I- in' rH 35 Js X 5: I- rH CO -. I-' I— M -r rH M rH IS I 'T rH l IS IN I ■* CO rH O rH IN • a ■ « ' -4H C.C at O a e a c4 00 ' :V *-"■ C5 ^ -i« 2?: ils,^ eS ! > * a - js t iv ,->J-X P< ,^ 4^ o ■3 o r £ o 1 i RAILWAYS AND CANALS. 351 I ! 01 > < 1. X r as i fi li J^3 X ^ s X V S C. C; 35 -f O 35 I- 1-1 a X l- o ;r » 35 1^ S ;o i^ S 3 I- Oi-i OOt-3s;935«ea090l^t» 35 -t *! l^ I--. I < ec 35 55 » o 35 w « * s& I— 35 l-» '^ CC CO O t^ 35 CC ' Q353i35 35a6^30©l^: M X' 35 i-i r-l ;S tH iS 1-^ I (NX (N «^ 35 N 5 35 N C5 ^ O S 35 -* >-"' t' "t X' X -^ t--r lo" "t 35' 5■ IK O <-i «XC 35r-int-l«»<.-lC<5 INSf .-H 1^; t-35 *© IS S eo i b5 (M I- iM I- 35 X t". l~ 5<1 ^ f-i i-^^:fl©'rx©i-©© O i-<^© rH CO rl X M O W l-^ •»fcr rJ o" ih' sT 5^ i-T •^iT iC ^' Xr-r-IX'^OO^J^IJ'l© •^ 1-- 1- N iH X 5. © co^5c_i-i "t N eo l_ •* CO 55 © r-l 35 IS 1-1 X X CO ©53 r- 3^1-1 X W 1.^ rH ©^ co'c' irT N 15''* X C 53 -^ X rH t>. 1- 35 rH •^ l- WT'rH?lC0l5 35rHt^rHC0 l-5£"*«35lSe0 5Ct>.©»35 5f 1.1' l-T ;£" I Ci *■" M ^^ C*f Tt »2" ©l^t^rHjvJS-. ,-<©MX© * ©,®,'-' 5^. '"t*' '" "^ O, CO © ^ rH .2 TS c! C a S o '-^•'J' i 'f ''i J-! ' ■-.U- . .1,, .m 11:!-. il* I' I ,' 352 CHAPTER IX. Pro}K)rtion 529. Tliougli, as provioucd}' Motod, there was a decvcuso ot to receipts. Working expoiises per mile in operation, there was an lurivjise of 1 per cent, in the proi»ortion of expenses to receipts, flic mileage having increased in a faster proportion tlum the receipts. The Canada Atlantic again showed the smalk'st proportion of working expenses, and the Manitoba and Xdi-tli- "VVest'^'i' the largest. There was a decrease of 8 per oent. on Government railways, but the expenses an.' still in excess ,)t' the receipts, the reasons for wliich are alluded to furtlici' on. Thf aggregate proportion of expenses to receipts is higluT in Oanadi; than in many other countries. In the United Is iiit>(loiii in I8H8 it was 52 per cent., and in India 41 jier cent.; in the Australasism (colonies in 1887 it was 64 per cent., in the United States in 1886 68 'per cent., and in most European countries it ranges from 50 to 55 per cent. ProjMJrti'jn of traffic, &c., to miles in operation. 580. The Crioadian Pacitic system has the ji-reatest nunil)ei' of miles in cperation, but the traffic on the (Jrand Tiunk system is considerably the largest, running as it does throitijli the most po[)ulous and l)est settled portion of the Dominion. In proportion to the number of miles in operation the tVoiuiit traffic on tlie CanachT, k^outhern exceeded that of anv other lino, being at the rate ot 6,892 tons per mile, that on the Graixl Trunk system iiaving been 2,289 tons, and on the Cauiidiau I'acitic 580 tons per mile. On tlie same lines the pas.sengers carried per mile were : on the Grand Trunk 1,900, on the Canadii Southern 1,561, and on the Canadian Pacitic 494. Tiic num- ber of miles run by trains on the same lines in proportion to each mile in operation was : on the Canada Southern 8,226 miles. on the Grand Trunk 5,012 miles, and on the Canadian Pacitic 2,137 miles. Princii)al 581. Tlic followiug tjdilc givcs tlic principal sources of rec%?tV*^ receipts and expenditures on the most important railroads, a? iiiture'*" Well as tlie earnings and expenses per mile : — RAILWAYS AND CANALS. SIMMARY STATEMENT OF EARNIN(J.S ON CANADIAN RAILWAYS, 1889. Railways. Earnings from Ciuuida Atla.itic I'liiiiula S( (iithf ni (':iiiii(liaii Pacific .systt'ia. . (iiaiiil 'I'nink system Iiitcicoliiiiial N,w linuiswick system.. . Miiiiitdlia i*fc Noi til western Siiiitli-Kiistern system Pass nger Traffic. 110,791 1,2(>1,.389 4,127 319 5,r.32,749 8(17,171 293,280 44,10.5 18.5,3«M Freight Traffic. Total 12,362,108 $ ;^S3,920 2,803,089 8,095,114 11,0<)1,58!» l,H82,;ifil| .■)37,154i 111,8221 310,().5t'. Mails, Ex- press and other Sources. Earnings Total. '' iH'v , Mile. 25,13.5,705 8 70,«()2 149, 4o9 794,178 7.32,470 115,833 «)9,354 10,821 33,112 2,005,919 $ 515.373, 4,1.J,«.H>7 l.3,(»l(i,()ll 17,.32(;,808 2,895,364 899,788 166,748 .529,072 3,734 10,960 2,617 5,564 3,238 2,l(i3 715 2,034 39,502,731 3,798 353 1.1 -.^ ■1 • ■■ .1 1 f '■'■,, .- • - IK Caiiailiaii Pacific system 2,172,351 liniiiil Trunk system 2,402..540 liitfR'nliiiiial 789,678 Xiw Biaiiiswick Hvstcm 197, 94(5 Miiiiitulia & Nortfiwestern . . . 67,082; Stiiitli- Eastern system 173,885' I Total 0,265,923; 141,800 1,089,717 3,4.54,702 .5,441,026 1..55<),0.33 2.53,399 63,821 175,786 Exi)enses i)er Mile. 12,176,284 108,057 307,169 2,2a5 1,404,558 2,899,434 7,«>50 3,370,259 8,997,312 1,809 4,349,687 12,193,2.53 3,915 808,218 3,1.53,929 3,528 1.58, 74() (il0,091 l,i70 52,727 183,(}30 788 1.59,9'" ft • iti'^i; ^;- ..' 3 354 CHAPTER IX. were for working and repairs, 36*08 for general W()il 22,173 108,8iJ0 1,136,217 Bush. 1,878,142 1.5,051,485 14,4.5<),004 53,(>3(),7<)0 1,.'J1it,885 !t,r)4.5,3;)5 No. 18,965 978,.575 228,272 1,293,641 77,Wil 44,657 2.301 30,180 454,»W9 Luml)er of all kinds, except Firewcjod. Feet. 115,970,000 33,401,61X5 427,051,2(»!) 623,459,.371 197,545,777 42,2t)6,00O 4,017,000 40,73«),(K)0 462,.539,514 3,128,901 1,941).986,627 Manu- Railways. Firewood.! f^V^d | ^J,?*''- Total Weight ' (Joods. ! ••^••ticles. Carried. I Cords. (■iiiiKla Ath'.ntic 42,957 Caiwda Southern 233,395 C'aiiiulian Pacific system 100,!H»7 liraiKl Tnnik Railway .system. . . . 169,40;) liitercolduial 19,2;^» Xnv Brunswick syteni ■ 9,'.>80 Mimitolia and North- Western. ... 730 Siiuth-Ka.stern .systeni I Other lines I 9.5,823 Tons. 10,907 151, 7a5 656,420 882,9.56 252,398 170,962 16,377 .59,320 426,259 Tons. 94,692 1,3(>4,328 578,719 3,076.465 523,955 34,9.53 1,2.52 67,445 1,457,0.32 Total i 672,431 2,627,384 7,198,841 Tons. 407,5fN) 2,.5«}3,.S04 2,636,121 7,128,973 1,204,790 295,919 .50,084 219,0«i7 3,422,868 17,928,626 •X 'i . ,V)"). The Grund Trunk system carried 39 per cent, of tlie total tivight, a slightly smaller proportion than in 1888, and about the Slime as in 1887. The Canadian Pacific carried the next liirm'st proportion, viz., 15 per cent., and the Canada Sontliern tilt' next, viz., 14 per cent. 5:*4 Tliere was a decrease of 1,694,609 barrels in the quantity iif tloiii" i'arrie«l, and of 671,654 tons in the quantity of mis- t(llaiu()u« freight, while there was an increase of 11,183,654 liusht'ls in the quantity of grain, of 256,672 in the number of 2U ProiK)rtion of freight carried by principal lines. Decreases and in- creases in freight. , :-l|. .^i^*^ ^P- ;r^.-.'"^' «■ i: ■...•'„■ .. •'ry, • •'■■■■■ , ■■ \ ■ ^ 356 Proiiortion of traffic to caiiital C08t. • * . . Actual and theoretical COBt of railways in Panada. ••■ . ; • • CHAPTER IX. live stork, of 258,335 cords of firewood, and of 144,187 tons of maniifacfnrod articles. 587. The cost of a railway, it has heen said, should not bo more than ten times its aiimial traftio — that is, that the niinual traffic should be 10 per cent, of its capital cost. It' this standard is applied to Canadian railways their cost will h,. found to very far exceed the limit, as in 18H9 the iiross iiiriiifs only amounU'd to 5-54 per cent, of the total «'apital exiniidi- ture, the theoretical cost havino; been $421, 496,150 and the actual cost $760,576,446. In the United Kingdom, Fiuikc. Germany and Italy, the cost of railways is above this stiimliird. while in British India, Belgium, Russia and the United Stiito> it is below it. 538. The following table shows the cost and cost per mile, bath actual and theoretical, of some of the princi[»al raihuiids in Canada in 1888. Kolling stock is in most cases inchidcd in the cost : — ACTITAL AND THEORETICAL COST OF FRIXCIPAL RAILWAYS |\ CANADA, 1888. 11 . Name ok Rau.wav. NunilHT of Miles. Theokktk'ai. Cost. Total. I r ,~ Canada Atlantic Canada Stmthern Canadian Pacific system Central Ontario Eastern Extension Erie and Huron Esfiuinialt and Nanainio (irand So\ithern. (xrand Trunk system *Intercolonial International Kingst(jn and Pembroke Manitoba and North-Western New Brunswick system North -W'estc rn Coal and Navi gation Co Poutiac and I''acific Junction. . . Prince Edward Island (Quebec Central Windsor and Annapolis. .... Total l.SO mi2 4,t)91 104 80 73 78 82 3,093 im 81 112, 2(J7i 415| 109 71 210 154 84 Per Mile. AcTiAi, Cost. Total. ,i'7' Mile. 4,882,440 47,172,220 127,110,100 803,820 705,020' %2,920 707,370 27«,<)60, 172,413,780 31,403,.51O 819,120 1,914,470 1,590, l«K) 8,501,030 2,3(J1,980 314,730 1,583,630 2,114,830 2,275,090 11,0021 407,974,010 S I 37,557 130,31(> 27,oih; 7,721t 8,819 13,li>l 9,838 3,374 5.5,743 33,913 10,113 17,093 7,082 20,02f< 21,1191 4,432 7,541 13,733 27,092 30,881 3,302,8(14 27,451,478 237,082,947 1,4!. i,(J(>3 1,928,04(1 1,289,407 2,7tiO,!K)7 l,(i()9,(l(Xl 3(:K), 73(1, 84(1 4.'),887,7r)<.t 1,28(1,521 4,018,21(1 3,4(i5,2].S 10,929,281 1,0.50,484 1,088,805 •i, 741, 780 8,027,882 3,922,.5!KI 7.\.s;y .■)(l,.i.Sil lt,.S71 •>l\m 1(1,740 lt,(»7 i:i,;tti ")(;,ie.) 4(i,(;!t7 o()i,8oo,fW8 :)%m * Windsor Branch included. J,i 'I ^ *' * « • i ■i •* i RAILWAYS AND CANALS. 357 ■ 144,187 tons should not Ijc lat tlic iiiiinial 3st. If tliis • cost \vi!I 1„. "TOSS I'l'coiiifs :>ital i'X|H'ii(li- 5,1 ')0 iiiid the ^doiii, Fi'iiiuv. tliis stiiiidiinl, United States cost jK'i' mile. ill raili'oiids in s iiu'liidcd ill RAILWAY S IX ACTLAI, ( 1 1ST. Total. Mil... § s 3,3t>2,H(;4 ■.'."i..^liN ^7,4.■)],4^^^ 7."i,s;t' i7,0H?,!)47 r)(i,.")3ii 1,4!. 4,(;(W M,:in l,!»28,(»4o ■2l\w 1,2H!»,407 17,iiii:< 2,7(lf>,!K)7 ;i\4:;i l,t)()it,(MX) L'(i.;«j Ml,73(NX4t; !i7,'j;n k\H.S7,7r)!t w;>:a l,2H(i,r,i'i liX^^si 4,(HH,2I»1 ;i."i.s;('i 3,4ti.\21.S ni,:4(i <>,921t,2H1 L'Clffi l,0r)0,484 lt,(»7 l,<>88,8()r) i.'i.sii ".,741,7811 17,S1'< 8,027,882 ."HI,":'.") 3,i>22,r»!Ki 4i;,(;it: ;i,8(K>,WW r)!),82ti 58!». There are, it will be noon, only three railways in the ji1m)V(" lif»t, the actual cost of which has been less than the theo- ivticiil t'ost, and those are the Canada Atlantic, Canada South- ern iiiid North-Western Coal and Navigation Eailway Com- panies. The expenditure on the eonstruction ami e(iuii»ment of the Orand Trunk system has l)een heavier than on any other load, the original outlay on the main line having heen very txcr.-sive, and the cost of construction of the North West C^oal iiiid Xavigation Company has heen the lightest, owiiig probably to the line running through a level ])rairie country, and to no outlay having been required for the purchase of land. The iranjiv on this road, also, was only 8 feet. r)40. The total average cost per complete,470 177,«72 134,82«J 103,.34!> !t7,333 5)7,177 ««j,741 «)4,970 04,173 Canada United States. . . . A\istralani» Ca|»e C()lony Tasmania New Zealand Queensland ....... South Australia . . . Western Australia. 54,301 40,33«! 44,8.5,328 30,811 33,540 2t>,404 22,23<) 541. The following is a statement of the number of accidents Railway th( iik'iit railways, for the last 14 years : — 111 (Oiiiiection with the railwavs in Canada, including Govern- ?™idents ' ~ in Canada. "Jf lS7(i. 1H77 1.S78. I«7!t. 1880. 1881 . 1881!. 188.S. 1S84. 1S8.*). lHS(i. 1887. 1SH8. 188!t. Killed. Injuretl. lOit 304 111 317 97 301 107 Ot> 87 102 !)<> 147 147 397 1011 5.T0 227 7!K5 157 (W4 144 571 178 033 231 775 210 875 1 :.:h 1 1' i H I' I i' "'t- * .\ < ,.«: .,;• ■• », 368 Causes of accidents. Persons injured. Passengers killed i j 1885 I 1880 1887 «... 1888 0«2 (» (11 103 1881 1889 ;v(),j 1882 Average for the whole i)eriod 1 ' 48. RAILWAYS AND CANALS. 859 Tiit'se ti^nres, liowovir, tire capable of a large amount of iiiij.K.vemetit, the safety of travelling having Ix'en by no raiaiis yet reduced to the minimum that in both desirable and prii in shown by the figures for the United Kingdom in ISf'iS, which say that only 1 passenger in every 6,942,380 Wiis killed duriiig the year from any cause whatever, and 1 in ,)27,r)77 injured. The corresponding figures for Canada in IHSit are 1 passenger in 328,407 killed and 1 in 117,971 in- jiirfi. .»45. The next table gives some particulai ning the jiiisscugerH and freight carriid relatively t lion and KiiiTth of Ihie in each vear from 1875 : — I'.\S,SKX(iKKS AND FKKKIHT CAKHIED PKH HKAD OF POPI'LATION AND MILES OF LINK OPEN IN CANADA, 1875 188«. Fhkioht. PaHHeiij^ers and freight |H^r head of IKtpiiIution and mileti of line. ' -"i..i ■ Ykah Per Head Per Mile of of Po]>ulation. Line o|ien. TonH iRT Tons jier Head of Mile of Population. Line oin-n. ing the iiiim- railway coin- trictly speak- taken, it will )untry staiiiU 1875 1«W». PaMsenger- KiilHl l)er Million Carried, • • • Oh-l . . . 4 (10 0H2 , . (11 1()3 l"> ;^(),j is;,-. w> 1S77 1S7S ISTIl 1,S8(I IHSI WI W3 \m im im\ iw 1S,* 2 01 1,288 1 53 1>38 2 3«! 1,442 1'60 !»52 2 12 1,242 3 (Mi 1,802 2 12 1,0!»8 2 04 1,520 2 17 1,043 2 08 1,432 2 mj !>53 3 12 1,444 2 (>♦» 1(22 3 27 l,4«fc5 2 1» (•14 3 3(5 1,401 2 '30 038 3 45 1,412 2 39 '.H)2 3 53 1,417 As regards population, both passenger and freight traffic have increased in a faster ratioj but in both cases it will be seen that the total mileage has increased in a faster proportion than has the traffic carried over it. 546. The following table shows the number of passengers Freight and of tons of freight carried per head of population in some engerHper "^^mif- •b^ ■->. •^^^. ^. o^. \'^^ IMAGE EVALUATION TEST TARGET (MT-3) 1.0 I.I 11.25 l^|2£ 12.5 ■^ 1^ 12.2 1!^ I4fi «■■■ 1^0 HIV 2.0 U 11.6 Photographic Sciences Corporation 23 WiST MAIN STREET WEBSTER, N.Y. 14580 (716)E/3-4503 !> <^ \::% ■:^': <^.- .■ '*iv '!■■,. k* ill.,.-; .V4-^^ *. . . ;••! ; ■■i-^-: ■V.;! 5kl> ■ f' } al ■?88eSf nons, and tics are avail- )UNTRIKS. RAILWAYS AND CANALS. 548. The receipts per mile in Canada are less than in most of the countries named, but, with the exception of Victoria and New South Wales, are higher than in the Australasian Colonies. In comparing the receipts of Canada and Australasia with other countries, the large area in most cases to be covered must be taken into account. The receipts by Provinces in Canada, if they could be obtained, would be the most correct figures to compare with the receipts of the several Australasian Colonies. 549. Almost all the railway companies in the Dominion use a gauge of 4 feet 8| inches. The only exceptions are the Carillon and Grenville, and Cobourg, Peterboro' and Marmora roads, with a gauge of 5 feet 6 inches ; the Prince Edward Island Railway, with a gauge of 3 feet 6 inches, and the North- western Coal and Navigation Company, where the gauge was, until this year, 3 feet. 550. The quantity and description of rolling stock in the years lb88 and 1889 will be found in the next table. An increase will be found under each head : — ROLLING STOCK IN USE ON RAILWAYS IN CANADA, 1888 AND 1889. 361 Receipts in Canada compared with other colonies. i,i ,1 . . If i-r Gauge of Canadian Railways. Rolling stock in use 1888 and 1889. .■«■ jit Ykak. Loco- motives. Sleeper and Parlour Cars. First ^^^ B^ff?*»e, Cattle nylll „.wi w.„ Mail and and Sir W.^t Express Box Cars, .g^nt ^'ars. Cars. 1 Plat- form Cars. Coal and Dump Cars. 1888 \m 1,653 1,761 79 105 759 795 568 505 27,870 .581 517 31,025 12, '392 13,925 933 3,047 3,235 Increase ... Decrease .... lu8 26 36 13 12 3,155 188 1 551. The above table represents the rolling stock in use. To Rolling ascertain the quantity owned, the following numbers of cars s*<»khned hired must be deducted in each year : — Year. 1888. 188'J. Loco- motives. 39 43 Slee.)er pj^^ ^^^ fefT^ Cattle Plat- Cars. C'*>-«- 'g;*;:';* Cirs. ^ ■ ' ' %''\. u^'i''' d-'i » Cars. Cars. ..•I-. 8 17 17 32 16 17 23 33 2,952 3,583 242 32(J 'J'.H -4- ^'m^f-' 1i Bi ■■■''Nil'l'i 'i :|ll ".i'Jt" i ^t••;^■:• • ■ t • ^ ♦ . . . . .> 1,736 1,287 l,8»i5 5,209 4,000 2,772 3,950 3,934 4,692 5,697 2.910 1,187 1,581 7,357 52,914 6,147 731 2,443 1,550 2,223 1,<>61 421 1,724 Ifi 4 12 7 8 W 15 8 28 34 111 ")■) 33 52 9 99 2 4 1,730 12 1,287 i 1,8«>5 H 5,20!> W 4,000 15 2,772 8 3,950 as 3,934 34 4,092 111 5,097 ;■)■) 2.910 33 1,187 52 1,581 !» 7,357 it!t 52,914 2(Mi 6,147 10 731 23!l 2,443 (M)8 1,550 ISO 2,223 irxs 1,661 L'S5 421 23 1,724 212 leii raihvavs V hronolo2:i('al RAILWAYS AND CANALS. 865 DATES OF OPENINGS OF RAILWAYS IN VARIOUS COUNTRIES. •IH Countries. Eiitflitnd Au'^tria Fraucf I'liiti'd States. .... . . Heljriuni (inniany Ciiiiiula Cuba Russia Italy Switzerland Denmark .lainaica Spain ^le.\i^•() and Peru Sweden Ciiili India. . Norway Portugal Brazil _. . . . Victoria (Australia). , Colondna New Siiuth Wales, . . . K^fyjit Soutli Australia Ca|ie Colony Turkey Mauritius .\lgeria . . . Western Australia . . British (Tuiana .\rgentine Republic. . < Queensland Ceylon I'niguay Tasnuinia . Honduras , Japan Trniidad Barbados Year. 1825 1828 1828 1829 1835 1835 1836 1837 1838 1839 1844 1844 1845 1848 1850 ia51 1852 1853 ia53 1854 1854 1854 1855 1855 18.56 1856 1860 1860 1862 ]8<)2 1864 1864 1864 1805 1805 1809 1871 1871 1873 1880 1883 ■4' . Date. 17 Seirtember. 30 1 October. 28 December. 3 May. 7 Decendjer. 21 July. 4 April. — September. 15 July. 18 September. 21 Novem'oer. 24 Octol)er. 8 9 February. — January. 18 April. 14 July. 9 " 21 April. 14 September. 20 January. 25 September. 20 January. 16 April. 26 June. 4 October. 13 May. 15 August. 21 January. September. December. July. Oc toiler. January. 19 February. 25 September. 17 October. 1 " . ■ » ^^b' " "I- ■ . i ■ 1 W;:^4 */■' ■.J" 1 14 31 1 1 I -J 10 September. 559. The railways owned by the Dominion Government are Govem- the Intercolonial,* Windsor Branch, Eastern Extension and ways.™' Prince Edward Island Railways, with a total mileage in oper- ation of 1,217 miles, as follows : ■il Intercolonial Railway Eastern Extension Railway Windsor Branch " Prince Edward Island Railway . Miles. 894 80 32 211 1,217 ■irt -.1 . •I I'M In >l iJ ' ■*•.. -/.,.••••• |i. ■ ■ ■ * . • ...i. ' . "" " ■ V '• ■■'*•*■ ■ ^ ,i * - ♦ ■"' :' 366 Financial pusitiun of (lovern- inent rail- ways. Excess of exjxjndi- ture. Causes of excess of ex|)endi- ture. CHAPTER IX. 560. The following statement shows the financial position of each road on the 30th June, 1889 : — FINANCIAL POSITION OF (JOVKRNMENT RAILWAYS IN CANADA 1888-1889. Railwaym. Capital Paid Up. Earnings. Exi)en8('8. Profit. Loss. « 258,504 18,282 70,i89" PflCfllt- agr lif E.\|)t.iwes to Kaniiiijfs. Intercolonial Eastern Extension. Windsor Branch. . . P. E. Island 9 40,542,987 1,318,731 " 3,74i'78i « 2,895,3(54 72,437 28,372 171,370 3,153,928 90,719 20,85*5 247,559 9 1(».S !) 12.-) 2 7:v.-, 144 4 Total 51,(503,499 3,107,543 3,513,002 7,510 353,035 110 11 561. Though the expenses still exceeded the receiiiti? on Government railways, there was an improvement on tlie results as compared with 1888, the percenta/re cf expenses to earnings being 110*9, as compared with 114*8 in 1888, and the total excess being $345,519, as compared with $454,823. Tlie improvement was almost entirely due to the Intercolonial the excess of expenditure on this road having been $105,094 less than in 1888, due in a great measure to the favoural)le character of the winter of 1888-89. 562. The excess of expenses over receipts on Government lines may be attributed principally to two causes, one being that both the Intercolonial and Prince Edward Island Eail- w^ays w^ere built from . national considerations, and for the advancement of pu]>lic convenience : the first road depending largely upon through traffic, since it runs through districts sparsely settled, which will require considerable time for development, while it will probably be many years before the travel on the Prince Edward Island Eailway will be sufticient to cover expenses ; and the other being that while every eftprt is made to secure economy and profit, the public interests are first considered, and many things are done which, while advantageous to the public, are, to say the least, unremuner- RAILWAYS AND CANALS. 867 iitivc to the Government. For instance, the coal from the Xova Scotia mines is, with a view to developing that industry, (•arrii'd by the Intercolonial Railway at almost an actual loss, iiiiil it is partly to the reduction in the quantity of coal carried duiiny: the year that the decrease in excess of expenditure is attrilnited. The difficulty also of keeping the track of the Intircolonial free from snow during the winter will always he the source of an expense to which other roads are not liable in tlie same degree. 503. The main line of the Intercolonial Railwav runs from interco Point Levis, Quebec, to Halifax, a distance of 688 miles, and RaiTway in connection with the Canadian Pacific Railway now forms part of the through route between the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans. The extensions consist of 206 miles, making a total leiiffth of 894 miles. 564. The following are figures of the traffic during the past Traffic 12 years : — TRAFFIC ON THE INTERCOLONIAL RAILWAY, 1878 1880. on the Inter- colonial, 1878-1889. Yeak. 187S.. 187!>.. 1880.. 1881 . . 1882.. 1883 . . 1884 . . 1885.. 188(1.. 1887.. 188«.. 1889.. Earnings. 1,378,947 1,292,100 1,500,298 1,760,394 2,079,262 2,370,921 2,363,<}47 2,368,154 2,383,201 2,596,010 2,912,784 2,895,364 Passengers. Tons. 522.710 •^10 861 L';i,5'24 725,.-77 838,956 970,%1 1,001,163 l>70,069 1,008,545 1,131,334 1,275,995 1,204,790 No. 618,957 ♦540,101 581,483 631,245 77P,994 878,600 920,870 914,785 889,864 940,144 996,194 1,0J>1,189 565. Tliere was an increase in 1889 as compared with 1888 in Chief ar- tlie number of passengers of 94,995, but a decrease in the receipts freight^ of $17,420 and of 71,205 tons in the quantity of freight, the ^S^'^^'J;^, falling oft' in which was principally in general merchandise, ^^^• as shown by the following figures : — ' ■ I ■ k] ,i<^ :>^' I'M H . ■!!i, ; m i-5' ■ U\ I Ijli ¥ UkkiA m^'- ■ ' : 'M''a:^ 1 ••• ; ••• i.-- M..',. ■■ 1 • ' * <■ .,■ .■••♦'.■ • ■ ■ . r..?^-^ ... ■ i • »:,''.;.» '. • • , « » ' r * ■ ••■'■>■. '1 ••' L ' * 'i • 1 « ' ' . 'l • * - • • , '." ■ ■•'•>•'■•" .■ • ■• ■ •.. ■. '-•.^ ■; •' -. • i ' < ' ' ' / .. •• ■ < 1 • , » -" ■ ' ! . .' •'.• ';' . '■»"■.. ■•■* ■.■■''.»>•*• :-■■...:.; -^;)*^''*- in iiii'"'" ' " ' ' ''' "' Ml iSn''' * jy ■Hnf '- ■ ' ■ •■ ' Hl^ r •■* * fP3?! '■•'■.■ , ^' , ■ •.■■ • ,., ■ ,*v f. ' .■ •, . ■ ' ' -' -. ";♦;" ' •..'•i- . « . ■ '•: v '*. * t .'! .■•••■ ^ :.:'■■ • fi :■. < : ■ *i--. ■•.:-v:,>fc^;r. i. ■ ■ .j.j'i- .■ . i , ■ .»,■■;.,•■ ,/"■•; ...!.-■*:■■>.--;, f : ' ' ■ ;•■. ,',-■• ■•> . ' ' » . <• ■ •■•.:.'■».«• ". ■ ^ • ■ ^» T . • .. • f t . . .. ■" ; ■,•;-■ * *•.■.'■"'■ , ■ ^ .' ■ , *:■' ' '• ••■ • • r ,*»-.■ " r. •■''«.■■• ■• . ■ ■ ' ' , • . 1- _ i ^ • ' ' ' .' ■■■■.'■•■.- «•-...'■;• 1 i>^ «•-■...'! ij , ■ , • ■ =«s-;' '1. ■■ -' . ■ ••.•.^•* . '.: . r;'^' . .'— \''-- ' ' li. -'. :■.. •■ >!■ ■..•■'' ,:■„ ;-^-.-'* V'-:-- I,'.- ..•'•' : i!-'^ :■■■ <'.••• .. •: - ! ^:J^:^::-:-^.. ::•:•■' " , , s .1 ,.", ■>,< ■ i 4 > ■ y ;k jijljiyjij^^ ; ! 368 CHAPTER IX. . Flimr BrlH. < train BiihIi, i LiuiiIht Ft'et. j Livn ttUtck No. Miscellaneous Tons. 845,730 I 1>27,014 1,211,540 I 1,51»,W!2 l!Mi,444,8t!» 1!»7,545,777 !K),43J» 77,tM>l !K>!t,487 I 814,!H« KRIKI) ox ceil ver . tol liuicascor I't't'lI'llM', leii + l,ll«l,ll,"l,S ii.',:7s ext iiK' (lei '.M.Jlll Coal carried. Receipts and ex- jjenses jier mile. Canadian Pacific Short Line. Windsor Branch. Eastern Extension Railway. 566. The ([uantity of coal carried was 173,732 tons, bciiiir u (lecreaBe of 18,290 tons. 567. The rt'coipts per mile were |3,238, as compared wiili ^3,258 in 1888, and the freight earned per mile amountid to 1,347 tonn, as against 1,427 tons in 1888. The expenses jur mile were $3,528, being a decrease of $195 per mile, and tlio train mileage was 4,591,087, a decrease of 348,166. 568. On the 3rd June, 1889, the Canadian Pacific Railway Company opened their Short Line from Montreal, via Matta- wamkeag, through the State of Maine to St. John, N.B., reduc- ing the distance between that port and Montreal to 480 inilt'!<. It is extremely probable that a portion of the business of the Maritime Provinces with the West will in future take this route, reducing proportionately the traffic on the Intercolonial. 569. The Windsor Branch is owned and maintained bv the Government, but it is operated by the Windsor and Annapolis Railway, who pay one-third of the gross earnings to the Gov- ernment. The Government's share is generally sufficient to cover the cost of maintenance, and during 1889 the profits amounted to $7,516. The road runs from Halifax to Windsor, a distance of 32 miles. 570. The Eastern Extension Railway is 80 miles in length and extends from Jfew Glasgow to Port Mulgrave on the Strait «»f Canso, and connects with Cape Breton by means of a ferry. It is worked by the officers of the Intercolonial Rail- way. There was a decrease both in freight and passenger re- bo •• RAILWAYS AND CANALS. 869 eeipis, and the expenditure for renewals of bridges, &c., was very heavy. Expenditure for these purposes may l>e expected to 1>(» costly for the next few years. 571. The Prince Edward Island Railway runs the whole Prince lentrth of the Island, a distance of 154| miles, and including uiZu? extensions, has a total length of 211 miles. There was an **»'lway. iiurcase in the passenger traffic during 1889 of ^7,688, but a (lecii'tise in receipts from freight of $806. In proportion to its cofit, the traffic on this road is very light, and it will probably be several years before the earnings equal the expenditure. 'u2. A line of railway between the Oxford station, on the Oxford Inti'ieolonial, and Brown's Point, on the Pictou Town Branch, ^'"'"^ '* and a branch from Pugwash Junction to Pugwash Harbour bi'iiii;- respectively 67J and 4J miles in length, are now being built, and will soon be completed. ')73. A line of railway is also now in course of construction Cai* liy the Government through the island of Cape Breton, a RnUway. (listaiice of 98 miles, from Point Tupper, at the Strait of Causo, to Sydney. This road will form part of what is known as the Sliort Line, in which expression is comprised a scheme for connecting Montreal with Canadian Atlantic ports by the shortest route. Connections will be made by this line with the eoal mines of Sydney and North Sydney, which will thus 1)0 phieed in direct communication with the Intercolonial sys- tem. The road, which is well advanced towards completion, will connect with the Eastern Extension Railway by means of a terry between Point Tupper and Port Mulgrave, and will, it is expected, be open for traffic about August, 1890. 574. The Government have also assumed the work of con- Digby and striK'ting the link of 22 miles between Digby and Annapolis, Raiiway**^ and the road is expected to be completed about the middle of 1890. 575. About 115 miles of a contemplated link from Harvey, on Harvey & the New Brunswick Railway, to Salisbury, on the Intercolonial Branch7 Railway, which will also provide a short route to Canadian Atlantic sea ports, is under survey by the Government. It 24 ^■■'..:r c> * . '' i • ' ' jk ii jjj J '^0^ 870 CHAPTER IX. h!^' * . - ; Ws''- }.•■.,■;V^f>•■..^.'i ij!^. ^i , >.;■'• ♦ Mivniic Kiiilwny. Ht. Clair Tunnel. (»t>vern- nient ex- |x the Straits of Northumherlaiul from the \h\y of Fuiuly, whidi is ])eing rai»i, Ims been subsidised by the Government, as has i.iHO the St. Clajr Frontier Tunnel, which will be 6,000 feet in length, and is ixiiiu- built under the River St. Clair, between Sarnia mid I'oi^ Hur«)n, and whieh is intended to connect the (irand Tiimk Railway and the Chicago and Gran5 126 3,()3(i,841 18,751 28»,(J51 80,330 403i245 Total on railways. Pacific Railway Loan Ac- count St. John Bridge and Railway ■ Extension Total. m 818,150 2,8JK),427 40,763 2,J>85 3,035,.378 H»,22S» 221,413 94,!»40 85,470 2,326,340 124,678 1887. 1888. 471,705 460,087 17,103 1,200 3,.525,418 2fi,042 210,037 04,264 2,300 1,406,533 24,157 $ 52,374 iHHlt, H7,134 0,208 116 4,018,827 24,040 22{M>-t<> JtO.O-^o 504 1,027,042 307 76,502 126,037 13,831 11,4,37 680,451 I5.!tii:> 3,Hli»,2(;7 2<»,S.Jti 247,rK.ll 124,!iru H-Hn722 " " ' !»!lii7' 1,43 6,715,120 7,114,343 mill's slitiptcr yi IT miles ill si'|iuriift>> tlif \u\y, which is will tniiisfcr 500 mih., Iian ) tlu' St. ('hnr li, and is hcjno- Ilia iuui I'ort Graiul Tniiik ihvay : hut no m\ 18H!). Hpeiit hy tli*^ coiirttnu'tioii. KXPKNDITrHK t)F RAILWAYS L'NE 188H. 1S,S!I, $ A 52,374 S7,134 ' 9^208' ' ' liMHI'j 11« m 18,827 3,81(V.'(;7 24,040 2»,m 2J>,K40 247,r)r)!t 1K),}»55 124,!I,V> 504 27,042 ' .S4ti',722' A\n ■ !t,H47 8«,),451 l,OHH,277 13^575' !!!!!!!! 3,112 I 177 r4,j>47 2r),(ir.3 S0,932 H41,!)43 15,120 7,114,343 RAILWAYS AND CANALS. 871 Pakt II.-Ca.naw. 578. ThoHystom of inland navigation in Tmada is tho lariji'st st, Law- [111(1 most important in tho world. The St. Lawrotu'c HVfite'n Hyst.ui ..f aldiit . in oonjunotion witii tiio ^rt'at lakes, extends for 2,2»)0 ^ '"'""" iiiiii^, viz., from the Straits of llelle Isle to Port Arthnr, at the luiul of I^ake Snperior ; of this distance 71 J miles are artiticial iiaviuiition by means of oanaU, and 2,1 88|^ miles ojien navisra- tidii ; from Tort Arthnr to Duluth, which is the i»rincipal port ill that section of the United States for the produce of the Western States, is a further distance of 124 miles, making alton'cther 2,384 miles. When it is considered that, hy this iiuitiis, «ml»roken water communication is afforded from Port Arthur and Duluth to Liverpool, a total distance of 4,018 iiiiK's. the importance of this system, and the necessity for its tlioiouiih maintenance, will be at once understood. .')7l'. The following is a table of distances between Port Diatantes Artliur, Lake Superior and Liverpool : — p^rt Ar- tluir and Miles. Liv»r,KH,l. Port Arthur tt) Sault Ste Mnrie 273 Sftult Ste Marie to Sarnitt 318 Siiriiitt to Anihen«tl)urg 70 Aniliersthurg to Port Colborne 232 I'ort CollH)rne to Port Dnlhouxie . . 27 Port DalhouMie to KiiigMtini 170 KingMton to Montreal 178 Montreal to Three Riven* (Tidewater) 86 Tlu'ee Rivers to t^uebec 74 Qnel)ec to Saguenay 126 Saguenay to Father Point 57 Father Point to W. end Antictwti 202 Anticosti to Belle Isle 441 Helle iHle to Malin Head (Ireland) 2,013 Malin Head to Liverjwol 221 4,494 4,; o80. The great lakes, which form one of the most remark- i^jg*jj"j.j;' able features of this system of inland naviojation, contain c^reat .2^^ " '=^ Lakes. ' . 1 I'll I a ,'•'•■.,. lir '%■■■■ • ' . ■ ■ It n ' ' 4» s. ?•..>•■ 372 CHAPTER IX. more than half the fresh water of the globe, and consist of Lakes Superior, Huron, St. Clair, Erie and Ontario, and the following table gives their length, breadth, area and hcio-ht above the sea : — Lakes. Siii)erior. . .'. Huron — with (reorgian Bay St. Clair Erie Ontario Michigan Area. llfi^fht alK)vi' Sea, Sq. MileH. I'Vct. 32,000 (m 24,000 o7(ii aJO .-,7((i 10,000 'm\ «,700 240 22,400 .-)7S'/ A. • 1.;:' !'-> ' • Lake Michigan. Sault Ste. Marie Canal. 581. Lake Michigan is in the United States, but is connected with Lake Huron by the Strait of Mackinaw. 582. Lake Superior and Lake Huron are connected by tlio Ste. Marie River, which is not capable of navigation, owing to the numerous rapids. This difficulty was overcome l)y thu construction of a canal on the United States side of the river, which is rather more than one mile in length, and has one lock 515 feet long and 80 feet wide, with a rise of about 18 feet. Traffic through this canal has, however, increased to such an extent that the Dominion Government are buildina: a canal on the Canadian side, and through Canadian territory. It will be about two-thirds of a mile in length, with a mean width of 150 feet, and a depth of 18 feet below the lowest water line. There will be one lock, 600 feet long and 85 feet wide, with a rise of about 1 8 feet. The work is progressing, and the contracts require the whole undertaking to.be ready for use in May, 1892. The total cost is estimated to be about $3,000,000. Traffic 583. The present canal was open for navigation for 233 days Sauitste. during the year 1889, being 21 days above the average RAILWAYS AND CANALS. 373 ^. Ml-;. ■ ■ * ^ Hit is connected time, which is 212 days, and during that time 7,516,022 tons Marie of actual freight, valued at $83,732,527, passed though, being an increase over 1888 of 1,104,599 tons, and $1,576,507. The total number of vessels was 9,579, of which 9,136 had an aggregate registered tonnage of 7,221,935 tons. This waa an increase over 1888 of 1,776 in the number of vessels and of 2,091,276 tons in the amount of registered tonnage. The east-bound freigh i amoun- ted to 5,552,641 tons, and the west-bound to 1,963,381 tons. The actual freight tonnage passed through the Suez Canal in 1888 according to official returns was 6,640,834 tons, and in 1889 (5.783,187 tons, from which it will be seen that the freight carriod through the Sault Ste. Marie Canal during the season of navigation, 1889, exceeded in bulk that carried through the Suez Canal, which was open for the whole year. There is of course no comparison as regards value of freight, tliat through the Suez Canal being upwards of 282 million dollars annually ; but considering that the Suez Canal will accommodate the largest vessels and is used more or less by the mercantile marine of the world, some idea can be gathered from the foregoing and following figures of the business done through the Sault Ste. Marie Canal and of the importance of providing additional accommodation for it. ^ .* "^S# trijfc i^S- ■ :■ • I u I \* ^^ ■ , i. •■■'?':■'' > ■-•-''■ ' t'-: 1..-." •,? . ■ .■v;.-'.'f/--^ -I ','■"■■■, :. 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J £0 c5© ©N -f -r'©'©' 5r; be ii©in IN © -r © X iSco XN n'l^tCn' int^it f O © »f SCO I- 5 c 1 1^ in X ii 1- 1^ If -i< © © t X T 1-. in ©1-- -t eo_^ ©'in< * © IN o i- in © © © iH — I ■»»> 1-1 1-1 © © in © -f © 11 IN 5^1 N n ^ X © © © IN © © 11 1- © CO 1- © 11 11 rt ,-1 f^ 1 1- („ 2; © Tl .* r; © X rt ""~ '~ ? 2 '- =2 © 5 '-5 ^ 15 26 < — © X X ii © ?i © in in in CO © in a* x < X f c5 © i^ 3 n m 5i 1- X X 5 © 2 M ! x' x' x' ©' ©r -t>' in ©' iC I C m' in ©' rf ©' ©' ih ©' x' iHt-"i1iiiii1i1i1iiWC0Ni1WNWi* JIT© . CO © © 1-1 © © t 3 ti in C0 11 l-^©^IN_^i-_^»1^ I tf -r ©' ©' i»^ ©" I- ■: r 1 n 1 1' ?i w w CO m CO %■) « r) ri t- y. Y. ■/. ?i -r X ;3 1; 1- i-< 1-1 in ti X © 3. ?: 21 -fi IN ©m c\'~ -«ciTi t^ m n m © I- '3 -♦ 3 i>r©iC'.i"'©'i - -1-'— '3 © fj © t- in N 3. — — in © N X - o^©©© N X — ri »iiiirHi-ini-iiHiHN5'lNiNC0-fril^l. Ed in © t^ » © © n N CO 1 15 © i^ X cs © i-( IN eo "If m © t^ X © © iH 53 !5 3; 'v — '- •{ S in i^ in in in © © © © © -.i 3 © © © ri i- 1^ ii i • i^ ti t^ i^ ti x x x x x -/ x x x x xx«o£oifxxx5ExxxoEaoxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx-/x RAILWAYS AND CANALS. 375 ^ * ^^ *^ ^ ^ *■) V* !il ""• f— ^ 1^ «) 5; 2 5 K '^ '^ .9 ~ ~ r' *-H r-* ^f ■jf^^-; in;: 5 « c: ■»». -r ri r; tX , - 1—1 ^ ~ '■• > M IS C X I -i ~ a ii J I'- 1— 1— I T-1 ^ I ^ «! ;^ Mri r !■'"■•■ : "I"-.: !. ;!*■' . 1 ■1 'i ■ „• ■; r '■ 1, '. .'J ■ ,'4 ? * ' •If' '' i'' ■■t'-'i, ■ U' t . "f : . • , ■ ■ lot*;-. : • ' •♦ .' ?..,.,, V .• li:' ; n^r^v^"' ::..,. ■if • ' * ■ Burling- ton Bay Canal. ^"..•r •■•■■-'■ • t •♦.■.- St. Peter's Canal. 376 CHAPTER IX. distance of 246 miles. The lockage on this system (not iiuliul- ing that of the Lachine Canal) is 509 feet, 345 rise and 104 fall, and the number of locks is 55. The Rideau Canal was originally built by the Imperial Government for military j)ur. poses. It was begun in 1826, finished in 1834, at a coj^t of $3,911,70 1 , and transferred to Canadian authorities in Januaiy, 1857. Canai^'"^ 588. The Richelieu and Lake Champlain system, or Chauil)ly Canal, extends from the junction of the Rivers St. Lawrence and Richelieu, 46 miles below Montreal, into Lake Champlain, a distance of 81 miles. There are 10 locks, and a rise of 79 feet. By the Lake Champlain Canal communication is obtained with the Hudson River, and thence to New York, to which place from the boundary line is a distance of 330 miles. 580. The Burlington Bay Canal, half a mile in length, con- nects Burlington Bay and Lake Ontario, giving access to the port of Hamilton. There are no locks on this canal. 590. St. Peter's Canal, Cape Breton, Nova Scotia, gives access from the Atlantic to the Bras d'Or Lakes. It is 2,400 feet long, and has one tidal lock. The rise and fall of the tide is 4 feet. 591. The Trent River system, which comprises a series of water stretches extending from Trenton, on the Bay of (iuinto, Lake Ontario to Lake Huron, is only efficient for local use. A scheme for making use of these waters to efl:ect a system of through water communication between Lakes Huron and Ontario was projected many years ago, and construction was commenced in 1837, but afterwards deferred, and, up to the present time, only certain sections have been made navigable, or fit for the passage of timber. In view, however, ot the interest taken in the scheme, it was thought advisable that the matter should be again investigated, and accordingly a Com- mission has been appointed to examine into the question, which Trent Kiver sys- tem. RAILWAYS AND CANALS. 377 iias not yet reported. The total distance between the lakes is 235 miles, and about 155 miles of this are available for light draft vessels. 592. The Murray Canal has been built through the Isthmus Murray of Murray, giving connection westward between the Bay of Quinto and Lake Ontario. It has no locks, is 4J miles in length, and with improvements at either end in the way of dredging and other work, covers a total distance of 9| miles. It was opened for traffic during the season of 1889. 593. The total amount spent on canals by the Imperial Govwn- Government previous to Confederation tvas $4,173,921, and by Jl^nditure the Provincial Governments, $1«, 518,323. At the time of "" ''*"''^'- Confederation all the systems became the property of the Dominion Government, who have expended the further sum of '$33,903,945, making a total amount spent for construction and enlargement alone of $54,596,189, the amount expended for repairs not being included in these figuies. 594. The following table is a statement of the number, ton- Traffic nagc and nationality of vessels that passed through the several canals ^ Canals during the season of navigation in each of the years i^'*"^'^^^- 1884 to 1888, inclusive, and of the number of passengers and tons of freight carried, and tolls received. .: ■•< 4. ir ■il:.-" r. '. ' • , f-i^y n t ^ . , 1 ; 1 fi ' h ii ■ ■ . -1 "^ ..I I- ^ 1 ... ■ii^ f ! ■If ... I ■ ' M' ■ 378 CHAPTER IX. TRAFFIC THROUCiH CANADIAN CANALS DURlNc THK Canals. :!'|. Jl ■*.'•' '. ■ * v. . Welland ;..v-'":,-:- St. Lawrence System Chanibly , I m-'§ Ottawa Rideau '.'!,. ' m^' ■•i'T ■ > ... " Burlington Bay. . St. Peter's.. Newcastle Dis- trict Year. 1884 1885 188(5 1887 1888 1884 1885 1886 1887 1888 1884 18a5 188« 1887 1888 *•■ >• fVv ■■ . , .' •• Canadian Vkssels. Total No. Unitki) St.\tks Vksski.s. 1884 18a5 ■\ \ 188«t I 1887 U 1888 1884 1885 188(! 1887 1888 1884 1885 188(i 1887 1888 1884 1885 188fi 1887 1888 1884 1885 1886 1887 1888 Steam, Sail, No. No. 530 1,680 .530 1.323 831 1,711 a54 1,277 745 1,1.50 2,733 4,503 2,828 5,030 3,187 5,972 3,201 5,702 2,880 4,918 351 941 322 7!K) 332 vm 373 647 355 619 1,052 1,884 1,033 2,029 1,203 2,458 !>72 1,746 1,021» 1,709 ()80 1,1{»0 745 1,039 917 1,225 l,0t>9 1,283 1,141 1,388 ToNNA«iK. Steam, I No. i^iiil. 'I'lital No, Xn. 181 1()3 275 244 1 2,219 1,8.53 2,542 2,131 1,895 7,326 7,867 9,159 8,!)03 7,798 1,292 1,112 1,031 1,020 974 2,93«) 3,062 3,(561 2,718 2,738 1,879 1,784 2,142 2,382 2,529 45(5 407 1 403,555 394,336 54(5,140 504,268 477,953 1,439,845 1,465,383 l,667,(5a5 1,622,796 1,407,797 1.51,208 122,.548 122,509 117,381 115,(599 391,472 4a5,980 417,506 368,6.51 379,419 117,255 110,123 l.S0,5(J() 147,784 1(5(5,4(5(5 ! 13(5,984 I 110,673 I 325 252 190 315 288 303 515 511 552 42(5 411 7 5 3 4 10 <)(57 6!H) 732 I 36(1 44!) I 79- ' (5,52 717 I 790 I 796 ! !tl!l m) 1,047 i;:)4 "y> 1.242 l.ltB i,2(;!i i,2(h; 1,2(»7 1,179 ! 1,18(1 1,093 ] l,(l!l,s 24 42 64 .50 1,109 1,246 1,2!>3 (522 510 561 (528 436 102 114 81 170 12 18 1,112 i,2:)ii \,m (122 :.i(i :i(i8 ()2S 4,S(1 m 12(1 l.-)(l 14a 2211 12 IS 593 173 35 125 111 24 51 85 126 144 901 975 1,171 1,.5(5(5 1,470 16 28 17 20 2 1,494 1,148 1,206 1,(591 1,.581 40 79 102 146 146 133,1(55 (58,716 .57,322 82,597 90,401 2,440 3,880 .S,620 4,475 2,587 J* DURINC THK . LTnitki) Stai'ks Vk.s.ski> iin, Hail, Total ). No, Xn. 52 (H>7 mil •K) «!M) u; 57 72 titl J4 102 12(1 12 114 m\ 54 «1 w iO 170 220 12 12 18 IS 1 •■ •■! RAILWAYS AND CANALS. SEASON OP NAVIGATION IN THK YEAR 1884-1888. 379 Timiiagf. Total Number of Vessel B. Total Tonnage. Pas- sengers, No. Freiglit, Tons. 1 Tolls. Increase or Decrease. « •^ 3.'«7.774 3,138 741,329 4,(57(5 837,811 1.53,192 — 33,18i5 287,fl11 2,733 (581,947 .3,912 784,928 14,5,814 — 7,378 m,'>xx 3,.580 9.39,728 3,182 980,135 188,984 + 43,170 2S.S.03!! 2,785 787,307 5..503 777,918 140,711 — 42,273 3,^1,318 2,(i47 828,271 .3,402 878,800 109,1.35 H- 22,424 111,732 S.-'MW 1,5.31,577 49,117 727,048 84,481 — 2.5,913 sr),313 !»,030 1,550,0!«5 44,185 734,280 74,.513 — 9,«K58 !l7,0!t4 10,428 1,704,779 52,4(50 913,.590 74,917 4- 404 !t2.4!>i» 10,109 1,715,21>5 .5(5,404 88(5,!>82 72,437 2,480 !l2,2!t!t 9,005 i,m),mi .50,602 781,599 (55,715 — •5,722 11(;.7.S(» 2,478 2(57,988 (5,(502 199,14(5 18,898 3,449 10S.173 2,210 230,721 3,813 184,212 17,118 1,780 10!t,('.S!) 2,143 232,198 5,109 193,940 18,140 + 1,022 121,(KI5 2,270 238,38(5 3,278 22.3,272 20,49(5 -r 2,350 127,442 2,277 243,141 3,488 241,753 22,313 "r 1,817 (I2,r)40 3,558 454,012 10,439 (573,7(50 .54,714 — 5,222 h\Ju>h 3,.572 457,535 13,714 7(53,2.3(5 54,995 u- 281 ,")(;, 43() 4,224 473,942 15,038 745„3.35 .57,813 4- 2,818 (;i.7t>4 3,340 430,415 14,785 783,047 ,54,997 2,810 42,SI)S 3,174 422,287 14,112 (593,249 .51,(503 3,394 7,.")(lti 1,978 124,821 1,015 7(5,389 4,0(52 1,282 l(l..S70 1,910 120,493 2,181 87,944 4,97(5 + 914 ii.ut; 2,298 141,(5.52 2,973 90,990 0,318 -r 1,342 S,373 2,527 1.5(5,1.57 2.944 92,478 5,5,5(5 . — . 702 ix,r)!i7 2,749 185,0153 4,193 112,248 (5,627 + 1,071 1,(112 4(>8 138,59(5 232 7.5,895 1,975 + 9 4,4i(; 425 115,089 1,8JM» 73,174 944 — 1,031 1 325 1 — 943 1 1,494 133,1(55 (5,449 19.115 2,854 + 064 1,148 (58,710 8(57 20,1(50 1,575 1,279 1,200 57,322 2,5,887 1,405 170 1,691 82, .597 41,174 2,508 + 1,103 2r)3 1,.584 90,(5.54 39,149 2,204 304 40 2,440 13,049 225 + 47 79 102 3,880 3,620 25,707 19,210 480 384 + 261 102 140 14«J 4,475 2,587 1.5,045 14,7!«) 330 257 54 73 ,1 ■ . .K' i i i 'L % : -r = ■ri, \\- !-'''ri^. ■'.I. ■•■.<, ' '■■ ' r, ro^-J^v.-..:. |- ,■•;■;.■■; I- "I* ' . • ■i'.-'i.V-.T • '•■. ■; «*•, ; ■ .11 ■ ■'»'■■ ■•„ r^' ■:■• f !iiV:'.-.i-...-::,. ■; « ■ ■ " III!', 'f '■■■ .•:...•■ *• 380 CHAPTER IX. Humiuiviy And the next table ia a summary of the [H'ecedini; oiu- through showhig the total amounts, numbers and quantities uirKm' the 1884 1888. various heads in each year. SUMMARY »TATEMf]NT OF THE TRAFFIC THROUGH THK CAN \ DIAN CANALS, 1884 TO 1888. Canadian Vessels. Ykar. i HteaiK . Sail. 11,48!> 11,407 1.3,2.54 12,241 ll,25 914 782 774 Sail. Total. 3,279 3,(M)5 3,23;i .3,101 3,147 4.0H0 4,147 Tonnage. (U8,004 .547,438 (M}7,953 .566,680 631,777 Twtal Niunber of Vessels. Total Tonnage. Passengers. I 21,72U 21,107 23,1>91 22,874 21,582 3,393,928 3,229,077 3,013,5«MJ 3,414,()32 3,272,099 No. 84,4.30 70,571 78,762 82,914 75,7!>7 Freight. Tons. 2,622,213 2,073,041 2,9«)9,0«.»3 2,820,51() 2,761,.597 Tolls. 320,401 300,421 347,tM)2 303,0a5 317,8.54 Iiicrea.ie or 1 )«'creiise . -(W,.'«l ^47.541 44,!t27 + 14,Hl!t Increases and de- creases. 595. There was an increase in 1888 over 1887 in the uuml)er and tonnage of United States vessels and in the amount of tolls received, but with these exceptions there was a decrease under each head. There was a decrease in passengers of 7,117, in freight of 58,919 tons and in the total tonnage of vessels pa^ss- ing through of 142,533 tons. The figures generally were tlie smallest since 1885. Freight 596. The following table gives the quantities in tons of the through principal articles of freight carried tlirough the Canadian canals 1887 and during the seasons of navigation in 1887 and 1888. 1888. recediiii.' one ies uiulcr the H THK (ANA Itates Vksski.s. Sail. Total. 3,27!) 4, OHO 3,(M>r) 3,-!l.j 3,233 4.147 3,101 ' '^m 3,147 i v.m Increase 'olLs. (ir Decrease. 9 .■s; 20,401 -(I8„33l )0,421 -1!»,!>,S0 l7,iMi2 + 47.541 )3,035 -44,!I27 17,854 + 14,81!t 1 the iiuml)er nount of tolls icrease under i of 7,117, ill :' vessels pa!«s- ally were the 1 tons of the ladiaii canals RAILWAYS AND CANALS. (il ANTITIE8 OF THE PRINCIPAL ARTICLES OF FREKiHT CARRIED THROlUiH CANADIAN CANALS IN 1887 AND 1888. AliTiri.Ks. Wellaiid Canal. 1887 1888. St. Lawrence CanalH. 1887. 1888, Clianibly Canal. Rideau Canal. Tons. Tons. Tons. 1887. 2251 Tons. : Tcjns. !»,830 117,7,C.80 91,874 223,871 145,513 143,(524; 94,01(5 108,994 (>:^ 122 27 18(5 204 .53 432 32(5 92 275 17 15 Flunr 23,949| 1(5,98;^ 14,582 Wheat 22L927I lt5<>,JM53 248,049 Cm 114.938 194,88(5 37,742 iJarlev 9,.574 5,!K»(5 3,(54(5 Oats' 12,0.50 2<5,(52{l 7,714 Hve 811 2,722 All I'thm- vejfet able f.HMl 12,533 Lmnl)er (51,134 r.ial 14.5,193 All other mere li an- i i (Use 17(5,«20 175,539 32.5,208 340,738' 32,272 38,175' 44,03(5! 41,-559 294 229 42,943 59,780 3,979 9,523 I Total 777,918 878,8(J0 88(5,982: 781,599 223,272 241,753 92,478 112,248 I Ottawa*CanalH. Ahtici.ks. St. Peter's ' Newcastle Dis- Canal. trict Canals. 1887. 1888. I 1887. 1888. i 1887. 1888, Flour Wheat Corn Barley Oats Rye AH other vegetable food Lumber Coal All other merchan- dise Total .... Tons. Tons. 53 271 1 (592 3,255 9 23 40 471 1,088 2 3,439 1,902 560,73(5i 533,20(5 99 327 214,492 783,047 15(5,190 693,249 Tons. 2,550 Tons. I Tons. 2,20(5 Tons. 4,385 23,795 10,444 41,174 4,12(5 20,816 12,001 39,149 1,435 14,210 1.5,(545 Totals. 1887. 1888 434 Tons. 41,993 47«,37e 152,7CS 1.5,851 24,.549 2,784 56,917 82.5,465 412,595 14,3(55 817,282 ■I- Tons. 29,851 279,0i)5 277,172 8,588 30,527 837 39,615 810, 1 -f 3r/'.i:- ... .%■•■■• :» • • •• ". ;.'■ 382 CHAPTER IX. KxiH.iirii- 597. The following table ^ivoa the amounts that have licon ture oil 1 T/i. 11' 1 /. oiiHtnic- spent on the diirerent canals dnrnig the past five ycais to|. tion, &C., , , • • 1 • J. i8Ho.i88i». construction, repairs and inaintenaiu'c : — CANADIAN CANALH-AMOUNT KXrKXDKD FOR CONSTKlMTKiN REPAIRS AND MAINTKNANCK, IStC) TO imx Canals. Year. Con- stniction. Lacliine . . ( IMS,') I 1HH(i ■ 18H7 I 1888 I 188!t i 1885 1881} 1887 Ikaiiharnois I 188!) f Cornwall . . *$2,!>8!»,288 Williamsburg System — Farran's Point Ranide Plat Galops ♦«1,824,754 St. Lawrence System, unapi)or- tioned *^70,017 Welland ... *$23,787,950 ^ Burlington Bay. 1885 188(» 1887 1888 188U 1885 188(» 1887 1888 1881> 1885 188(> 1887 1888 188!» 1885 188(> 1887 1888 1^89 1885 188(i 1887 1888 1889 9 111,21.') 2lO,iVK» 44,3<.)3 27,411 77,0(m; 7.J«t3 8,4{»2 3,<>34 14,412 10,i«>3 78,333 (i4,782 4(>,tN;t) 07,!Mr. 1()3,1K)4 103,237 14!»,8»> 115,853 71,742 5!>,8«7 113,110 11«},0.')3 74,4()5 50,483 18,494 409,055 210,837 1.074,!H)3 440,551 270,077 Staff Repairs, and Main- 'I'ltiil tenanoe. 20,liM> 19,199 22,5«i8 19,J«M> 22,958 14,«J37 14,35<> 14,9S«» 14,349 14,983 12, aw 11,83;^ 12,1(H(*' 13,933 58,205 8,198 7,847 7,i»05 8,11H) 8,795 91,534 09,507 77,441 87,301> 77,547 20(> 100 49,(MI4 50,909 53,114 52,230 64,111 18,!HK) 19,229 18,8(>8 19,325 20,01!> 15,988 15,994 17,521 10,948 17,891 7,0!M> 7,071 7,«)3<> 7,(547 7,4«> 112,<;70 111,070 109,372 110,80<» 113,587 i.'sii,(;7,s l'.'o.(i7,-. '.t!t,t;4(i l.")4,()7,-, 41,r)!l7 42.077 :<7.."K»i 4s,((S(; 4:).!i!):( I'HMIDl !IL',(;0!l 7(i,r.s7 "••«.S27 240,0! H) iiii.iai It;.-),;},-)! iai,3!l4 S7.r)7!i 7(1,147 ll.S.llo lltl,(ra 74,4(k") :»(;.4s;i 1H,4!)4 (i7;i,H('i() 3!tS,004 l,2til,71t) (WM, ()()») 4()1,H11 20(i 100 RAILWAYS AN1» CANALS. CANADIAN CAXALH-AMOUM' KXI'KNDKD FOR CONSTRirCTION, KKl'AI RS. kv.-Ciyntinuol. Canal. ilttiiwa SyHteiii— St. Aiin'H •.7<» laiilliiii iiiid (trenville. •Vi40,'.»7a Ciill'Ut.' •413,717 Riileaii •.<4,Wr),H(!l. Trent •■■jil.otM^tlO'J. CliiUiibly Systeni- St. Onrti *m>,7l2 Cliaiuhlv . •*I10,773 St. Peter's. ••^77,2t;7 . . Year. Con- Mtnictidii. >-! l; 1885 I 1880 I 1887 1888 188J» , 1885 ! \m\ 1887 \ 1888 ' 188S) 1885 ' 188«i 1887 1888 1889 , 1885 ' 188.5,(M8 20,747 .S8,9!Hi 298 19,(»71 2(»,385 7.7«1 7,674 17,112 2,098 6.50 20,824 18,889 6,(>()5 121,382 75,103 179, .542 114,879 77,270 4,700 17,SM>4 21,049 14,547 17,911 «5,537 51,438 10,820 2,317 1,838 '560 ♦'l>airM. ! Htaff luitl Main- ; teiiunce. 9 I 4,042 i 5,H03 1,.*)0(> 1,381 1,731 10,421> 9,.303 lO.iVM 10,037 10,1.S5 572 2,31H> !H>7 731 110 18,189 3.5,»M8 18,5<>5 25,479 18,10«i 4,(>53 .5,918 (5,009 5,161 .5,93«5 .3,6.52 4,143 5,8<)5 2,801 2,003 13,04«i 12,000 20,071 11,850 19,:^92 183 298 343 1,588 353 I 2.018 2,011 2,537 2,50»J 2,5«i9 19,702 20,.598 20,011 21,.531 22,01>9 730 730 730 739 1,050 2«5,971 27,046 29,440 3.3,4.59 33,802 3,303 l,«a9 1,9.38 1,770 .3.242 2,271 2,312 2,175 2,216 2,421 18,378 19,501 19,054 20,073 19,679 1,929 2,360 2,777 3,218 3,085 I Tntttl. 100,340 138,0 8«),448 10,624 «),455 8,040 5,017 22,388 52,474 46,048 57,0.36 97,460 90,50!> 18,932 4,975 4,958 4,806 3,938 383 j.". ^i^w^^l > ** M I* ' 1 • 1- «"; 1 '■'■ ; • -:| ' ... ' . ' ■ ' • -•1 ! i . • l;ri * Total amount expended on construction to 30th .Tune, 1889. '..ji I 1' ,H V * ■ . » ■ ' t ■ ., «•■ ■ . 384 CHAPTER IX. (JANADIAN CANALS AMOlNT KXI'KNDKD KOK (ONSTUl I Hon KKI'AIHS, A(. Cnnrhiiliit. r\SM. Y»*»r. Cun Htniction. Kcpaii'H, Miirrav . • . Riv.T 'I'.iy. •»407,7til... Sault Stf. .Murif, **42,1 1887 18HH 18«» IKKJ 18K«> 1HH7 188H 18H1» 14H,1K)2 17».71>4 14l»,r)a'> 14«l,7r)4 •Jir),32«l il2,47a 4!»,nis 54,171>,t»44 i,;wr».72it 1.873,11t3 1,188.302 1,14.5,088 Stat' ni(i Main-' 'ri,t,i|. t>'iiai\t'»'. ' 1,210 77t5 (HO 5,800 1,000 203,125 1!«»,128 1!«»,.W 208, 5! K» 242,201 3,208 280.220 282. .S24 28,-), 172 202,4(i8 304,248 1 jN.mr.i 17!i,7ii| II'.',. 'a-. Uf..7:.4 2i:).:V'' lu,.")ti| .4,1(111 S!i,4,si; M4:. i7,!Wt; •.'1,1(K1 21..V.'H 4(»,;m 1 :>,:'! i!i (M12.!lll(i Sf.T.lsl .'C)7,lHI'j (iS!i,:i(;!i (>!'•.'. I'.i; * Total amount exiM'iided on conntruction U> 30tli June, 1888. The sum of $44,387, spent on the survey of the Baio Vertc Canal, added to the above figures, makes the total of $54,59(i,] H!», I' ' m-: • • • *• • « ^ •NSTUrcTK.N, nS5 !ui Miiiii' tfllllMCv ■I'ni.il. ("IIAITKK X. 3,2(».S .'4 ir.'.:):t:, i4(i.:.M •-M:..:v !i'-', i: I.."),;.!,, til.llls ..4,1(10 S!i,4Wl N.ur. H"l!l I7,!t;((i LM.Khi 21,.vj:< 4(i,;ra SOCIAL AND OTHER STATiaTICS. KKI.IillON. 2SO,22(i I :'.(Klilt!«; '2H\i,:m ' i.scT.isi •JH5,17'J '2,Xu.m 'Jtt2.4(W , l,(isii,:i(;:) 304,248 l.tliiLMn: ^ I", riioiv is no State chiu'ch in tin' l)oiniui«m, find no ^ v;it*' iiJSfifitaiK'o is ifivou to any tlonomination ; tlic Koman iiitliolit climvli, liowovor, luMnu; »;naninti'tM|, in the rroviiur it (^lU'ltei', till' pi'ivik'u^i's onjoved bet'oiv the Britij»]i jiussos- I .loll. I\(Mnan Catliolieisni jtr«'vails vitv extensively jn the Pi'iivini'e of (Juehee, and also has munerons t'ollo*^ Xirs in the Muritinie Provinces, Ontario and Manitolta, while almost ,\viv variety of Protestjintisni is represented in some ])art of tlir country in greater »>r less nnnibers, the |>rinei[>al denomi- nations being CMinrehfof England, I'resbyterian, M ihodist ;iii(l I5ai>tist. V.i'.i. it is not possible to give theexaet tignres of the \ iiionf vliu'iniis denominations in (\inada, as some of the leatlin*: ones. le, 18««. he Bale Verte of$54,500,lHi», hiHf riliii tinli "i n'liKiHvn-;in ( 'llltll<''lH. iitiiMv tlu' Roman Catholie eliureh, and manv dioec ses t ) f tl le Stiitistics (if iifitaiii ilciiDiiii- iiiitiiiiis. iliuii'h of England, do not snpply the information askeW for; lit till' following tignres, whieh are partly official, arebeli -ved tl u'ive a very fairly correct statement of particulars con- villll ig the \irim'ipal religions bodies in this country : — h. Till' Church of Kngland has 10 liishoi)s and abontp.iMiO \vi\\ The first colonial Hi(,058 teachers and 208,785 pupils. The Conuivo^a- tionalists have 97 clergy, 117 churches, with seating caiiaeitv for 35,469 persons, 122 Sunday-schools, 1,220 tcaclu-rs ami 8,503 pui>ils. Their average annual expenditure in salaries. A'c, is ^127,800. The Evangelical Association has (57 cloiov. 84 churches (seating capacity 33,(300), 85 Sunday-schools. 1,003 teachers and (3,300 pupils. The average salary of cacli minister is $450 per annum. The TJnivc^tsalists have *•• cK ruv. 12 churches, 402 c(mimunicants, 7 Sunday-schools and 'Axi ]iupils. The church property is valued at !^123.00(l. Tln' I'nited Brethren in Christ have 23 clergy, 41 chunlus, :!ii Sunday-schools, 427 teachers and 1,768 pupils. The avcrai:v expenditure in salaries, r)i 10,043 47,11."» !),.S01 3»)»>,r)39 (i.S,7!>7 (>o,2.")r) 4(>,7(iS 23,20<> 7,804 7,li»2 iM>7<> 417,74!t -10,287 112,488 42.888 28,40«; 4,0i)r) 33,835 I Metho- dist. .')»l,r)03 3!>,221 .')0,811 34,514 18,()48 3,r)i»> 13,485 (J,!»10 Baptist . 10(i,()80 8,853 83,7,439,188, and of Roman Catholics 1,791,082. (i02. The Xew York Indcpcntlcnt gives the following static- Nuiuiiers t"u's of the piincipal religions denominations in the United States pal reir 111 ^>8.» . iMxliesin M'MBERS OF THE PRINCIPAL RELKHOUS DENOMINATIONS IN it'S' THE I'NITED STATES. ' " . «•: . * ." 4ri' DkNOM [.NATION. Churches. Ministers. Communicants. 're received iii ^vorth quotiiii:'. ■ading deiioiiii- atest eciisiisos: .\(l\l'Iltist^< iiaptists Cliristian Union. . . . r'liiiffrt'^ationalists. . Fi'it'iids I icriiian Evangelical. Ii\itliiTans Mftliddists Mcimouites Mdriivians I'lfshyterians . . . K|iis((p|ialians lii'foniu'd Hdiiuui Catholic I'liivfi'salists New .lerusalem .... I'liitarians 1,.575 4C.,»i24 1,:>(K) 4,5(i!» 771 .'•)0,()80 420 H8 13,34!» 5,15!) 2,058 7,424 721 1(K) 381 Totals 142,71 !»8,322 100,712 4,078,.58!> 120,(MM» 475, 1)! 18 l(M>,!t30 125,000 JI88.(M»8 4,723.MS1 ltM»,(MM) 11.21!l 1,180,113 45it,(;42 227.542 7,885,2»4 38.780 (1,000 (>4,780 20,«i()7,318 25J ,1 •■':a- •<■■■■■ I .. ■ ' 388 CHAPTER X. The relatively large figures for the Roman Catholic clmnli are accounted for, the paper i^ays, hy the fact that they indiKK. all the adherents of that church, as reported in Sadler's Catliolic Directory, while in the case of the other churches the tiiiuies represent only the actual church nieiuhcrship. Pi 'I- 1. KlllCATlON. ■ ■J '■ ^. • -.^. ' _ ■> I K(hu;i (108. Under the British Xorth America Act, 1807, the riiilit truiv^'stld to legislate on matters respecting education was placed in the dan?('v-" li'^iiids of the Governments of th« several Provinces, the rights .■niuieiits. .„jj privileges of denominational and separate schools, tlioii existing, being specially protected. DitfeivTue 604. As a consequence of the above, there is a considerable several difference m many details in the Public School systems in lone Kystei'is."^ in the various Provinces, though they are all l)ased on tlie principle of free education, the funds being sup[»lied l»y local taxation and Government grants. Ontario lays claim to haviiio- llie most perfect system ; but be that as it may, the arranue- ments in each I*rovi nee are admirable, and it is doubtful if any country other than Canada can boast of the same extended educational facilities. Leacliiiy: featiiivs (if tli«^ sp\>Tal HVStt'lllS. * 005. In Ontario the school svstem is under the control of the Minister of Education, who is a mendier of the Provincial Government for the time being. In the other l*rovinees tlieiv are Superintendents and Boards of Education, who ro}»ort to the respective Provincial Secretaries. In Xova Scotia, Xcw Brunswick, British Colund>ia and Prince Edward Island, the schools are purely undenominational. In British Colunilna, "the highest morality is to be inculcated, but no religious "creed or dogma taught." In the other three Provinces religious exercises are permitted, but no children can bi' com- pelled to be present against the wishes of their parents. In Manitoba the schools were Protestant and Roman Catholic, SOCIAL AND OTHER STATISTICS. liiit ii Bill was [lassed during tliu last session of the Manitoba House of Assembly providing' for the abolition of Separate Schools — all Public Schools to be non-sectarian, and religious exercises to be at the option of the School Trustees t)f the (li>rrict, subjeet to the regulations of the Advisory Board. In (^lU'bec the schools are Protestant and Roman Catholic, and education is based on religious teaching, the Roman Catholic ciitochism, and, in Protestant schools, the Bible, l)eing text liooks. In Ontario the schools are undenominational, l>ut Piotcstants and Roman Catholics are allowed Separate schools wirliin certain limitations. Every Public and High school is oiieiied an' ■■•• ■ .|: ■ - ■.■:>. 1 Av*'ra^'e . " _ . * i. -. atU'nd- illUM S'-jiiinitf KtllO lis ill Oiitiirin, 1KH7. CHAPTEK X. PUBLIC SCHOOLS, ONTARIO, 1887. NnmlH-r iif Sfh(Klln 5,5(M) ScluK.l Poiiulation betwt^u ') and 21 years of age. (il 1,212 ^ Total Numbf r of Pupilw. Boy. Girls. Av.Tap. Atteiiiliuiic, 4i»3,212 251t,0S3 234,12!) i 24:),i:.2 Teacheks. Male. Female. 2,71S 4,87(i Receipts, Exiienditure Average Cost i-kh I'l in On Total On Avrwt;.' Attendance. ; AtteiKJaiRc, ! 4,331,357 $ 3,742,104 $ Cts. 7 5!> S cts. i:i I'd (107. The luimlter of pupils registered in 18S7 did not licnr quite so large a projiortion to the total school population as in the two preceding years, thetigures liavingbeen 81*02 itercciii., 81 '08 i>er cent, and 80*70 per cent., but there was an inqnovo- ment of 1 per cent, in the average attendance, the ]in>[)orti(in Ix'ing oO per cent, in 1887 as against 49*03 per cent, in LSsi;. There Avas a decrease in the nnnd)er of children between tlic ages of 7 and 13 that did not attend for tlie fidl time of 100 days, but the number was still large, viz., 89,028, 90 per cent. of whom lived in the rural districts. The average attcndaiKv in rural districts was 4«:! jter cent, of the registered attendiUKt'; in towns it was 60 per cent, and in cities 02 per cent. G08. The tollowing table gives particulars concerning tlic lionian Catholic Separate schools in Ontario in 1S87: — ■I » . ;.• • )■ Cost i'ku I'iimi,. 1 ! On Avfiii^'c ce. Atteiulauff, SOCIAL AND OTHER STATISTICS. liOMAN CATHOLIC SEPARATE SCHOOLS, ONTARIO, I8K7. 391 Xuuilxi" Niuul)er (if of Buys. Scliiiiils. Pnpiln. AVKKAdE CoHT I'KR PlI'IU Average i^i ■,- (JirlH. At- Receipts ^"V.!^L <^>n ' <>» tendance. tnre. Total Attend ance. A verage Attend- ance. •S 8 L>J!t I 30,373 irj,37« 14,!«)7 I 1«,8()(» 22<.»,S4S I 211,223 (\ !t.5 12 52 The average attendance at the Se[)arate schools was better thiiii at the public schools, being 55 [)er cent, of the total number of pupils, and it will be seen tliat the average cost per [iiil'il was less both on total and average attendance than in rlie Public schools. TIktc were also 7 Protestant Se^tarate schools, of whicli iiiiuK' returns, showing H teachers, 819 pupils, average attend- aiiiH' 142, and expenditure $1,894. (!(»!>. The following are particulars concerning the High mIiooIs in Ontario in 1887 : — HKtH SCHOOLS, ONTARIO, 1SS7. Higli schiMils in Ontario, 1.SS7. AvEUAuK Cost PEK PllMI,. ( )n ( )n Total Average Attend- Attend- ance. I ance. Ill* 17,4r)(> S,7!(3 S.tHit; 10,227 ■)2!l,323 ' 4!C.,»112 § Cts., .S cts. 2S 3K 4S 4r. ■"I 1«f; I ■••!.. i'T *t i. :r I't ■ .. I •iliil, The average attendance was 59 per cent, of the number of I'tipils. •no. There were 5,549 school houses in the Province, ofsdun.i which 2,572 were of brick or stone, 2,380 frame ami 591 log. in Ontario. The log school houses are fast disappearing. liiJM^.i'J 392 CHAPTER X. Nuiiii..i(.f nil. According to tlie returns there was 1 teacher to cvciv 60 pupils in the Pubhc schools, and 1 to every »)2 iii tlic Separate schools, and 1 to every 44 pupils in the Hio-h s( iio,,]. Totiil vf ceipts. i)l'2. The total receipts for Public school purposes in Iss; amounted to .$4,331,857, derived from the following siun,,., . Legislative gn.nt, |268,722 ; nuinicipal school grants ;iii,l assessments, $3,084,352; clergy reserve fund and other sdiutts. 1^978,282. . ^. 1 ■4 \\ :'• • \ •• ...;••• *, , , .•^ -kW: \ > "J > I .^•Si^v:-!, ../ 1 Afodei 613. In addition to the ]\iblic and IIi»li schools, there \\( 1, Meciiiiniis 5< county Model schools, with 1,072 teachers in trainii\g: .'i &c ' training institutes, with an attendance of 46, 06 teachers' insti- tutes, with 0,718 members, and Xormal and Provincial Model schools, with 1,260 students. There were also S Air schools in operation, with 808 pupils. In connection witli ainl under the control of the Department of E74. and the expenditure of 167 amounted to $96,360. ()14. The second Fridav in May in each vear has been set apart under the name of Arbor Day, for the purpose of plant- ing trees and improving the school grounds. In 1885 on tliiit day 38,940 trees, in 1886 34,087 trees, and in 1887 28,057 trees were planted. Total 615. The total number of pupils attendhig Public, Separate of'i'nipik iiud High, Normal and Model schools in Ontario, not inclndinu' colleges and private schools, was 511,911, an increase of IS^'rl as compare.y local taxation and partly by (Jovernment grants, and arc individually cc^ntrolled l)y local hoards or hy the local clcriiy. As previously stated, religion is assumed to be the liiisis of education, and the various Roman Oatliolic religious liod'u's and institutions are largely interested in such matters. Out of a total number of 97^] uncertilicated male teachers, !>1)) were Roman Catholic clergy, or members of some religious institution ; and out of 2,380 unceriificated female teachers. 2,254 were nuns and sisters belonging to Roman Catholic con- vciitnal institutions. The following table u'ives the numl)er of eihicational establishments of all grades in the Province, and of the pupils who attended them : EDUCATIOXAL STATISTICS, (^I'EBKC, 1880 87. SiHOOI.S, COM.KCKS, ACADKMIKS AND INIVKHSITIKS. Nniulier PLI'II.S ,\N1) I Stidknts. . Boys. (iirls. Total Nmnhei' of unt. Roniuii Catholic. Pupils and Students. Klfiiifiitiuy ScluMils— I'nitfstiuit Hdiiuui Ciitluilic Suiifrii)!' Sc'liools — I'rotfstiiiit Kimiiin (\itholie .... *In(it|)en(Ieiit Schools I'rott'stinit. . 0(i4 3,501 ti4 525 48 125 1 2 T 8 20 25,808 705 5, .337 07 1,407 18 00 772 3,705 135,185 142 00,085 37!- 15,683 185' 575 l.-),472 07,315 2,805 ;").508 725 7,770 .5 185 575 080 14,131 08,575 2,014 33,454 80!) 7.025 01 20,003 135,8!»0 .5.47!> 07,0.52 l..")34 Hdiiiiin f'atholio . . . Nm'iiial Sfliools - IVntestiUlt.. ...... Hiiiiiiiii Catholic. . . . 15.701 00 185 I.iivnl riuver.>17. The average attendance at the Public and High schools Awiatrtf was 1J>4,191, and formed a very much larger percentage of the Ji^l'J"'' J ; ;' ' -^i. \ ■N,..^ "-I " ' ■•l.i- f .*'' :ri .I'll;' i I ■j:^ I'M f •I!' ^?^':''^ i'.'ii • # ' ■ * - M . , ,, . 'V.'/.^-Kv, *:. .' It > 1' ^ |) :' .(^ •'■■:•• i ' < ,!•*■?.-■■'■ - ) . ■." •• • ?> «■ , 4 . ' •••';■. I fc . ., . * 'I ■ ■■' ' « » .J ■ . •■■■■ ■ > • ■ • ''• ,»' ■•■ ■♦" ••" . «:!*■! 394 l*li)teKt- ttiit pupils Kflnciitiim in Nova Scntia. AvHiage attenii- Pojiula- ti .n at .so!h:i)l. KxiK'iidi- t\ire. E(liK-a- ti(/nal statistics Nova Wcotia. CHAPTER X. total number of pupils than can be found in any otlRi- Province, the proportion being as high as 75*99 per cent. 018. The proportion of Protestant pupils was just a sluuk- less than in 188(1, being 15*1 per cent., as compared whli l.Vi; per cent. 019. The Council of Public Instruction in Nova Scotiii ion- sistrt of the members of the Executive Council. There is ulso a Superintendent of Education. The local management of the Puldic schools is in the hands of trustees chosen by the rate- payers of the section. t)20. There was a falling off in the number of pupils and in the aver.age attendance, the latter having been 57"6 per cent, ot the numl)er enrolled, as compared with 58*5 i»er cent, in 1S87. This is attributed to an exceptional \>revalence of weather uii- favouralde to attendance, especially of small children, in the iiinil districts. Attendance at the Public schools of children between the ages of 7 and 12 is by law compulsory, but the regulation is not strictly enforced. There was, however, a decrease of VI in the number of sections without schools, and increases of '20 and 43 respectively in the number of teachers and schools in o}»eration. (121. The proportion of the population enrolled in the I'liblie si'hools remained about the same as in 1887, vi/. : 1 in -rl. This proportion is base22. The total Government expenditure for education duniii;" 1888 was .«211,19(^;, a decrease of .$4,889. The county fund amounted to .$118,485, and the sectional assessments to !*;!4ii.- 314, the three amounts making a total of $675,995. 623. The following table of educational statistics ex]ilaiiis itself : — Ill any othop ^er cent. ^ Just a sliadc red with l.ril SOCIAL ANI> OTHEII STATISTICS. \()\ A SCOTIA-KUIICATIONAL STATISTICS FOR THK YEAi XDKU Ms I OCTOBKR, Itm. I'UHi.ir Sc'Hoor-M. r.iiii Knded. NuiuIht of Schools. Nuinlier of Pupils. Boys. (iirls. Average Attend- aiice. ProiMtr- tion of Popula- tion at School. Cost Iter Pu|)il. April .Sii 2,045 2,l S2,4H(i St',,.f)8,') 44,.')0(» 43,211 37,!»77 43,371 47,520 4it,H!»3 1 in 5-8 1 in5() « cts. \M !IS County Acadkmiks. NniiiliiTof I'ui.ils. 1.5(14 Males. Females. Average Age » .. „ „ Number of Average rr i i Kn. . A . 1 eaeliers and Attendance. * • * » Assistants. 7«7 737 15-7 I Si'KCIAI. Al'ADKJIIEH. S12 35 ACADKMY. m Teaciiers and Assistants. Number of Pupils. 72 32 Average Attend- ance. Income. Exjiendi- ture. lihtitution for deaf and 'Iniiili Sclidol f(ir blind 11 8 CO 27 S,470 Not given. !»,344 Not given. 305 Vi I' * ■ ' ..!■ ^■ ■Hn. " , ' i J.*'-: • *|-, i;..^." tH jlUr •!24. Tlie Provinciai Board of Education of New Brunswick Kducati.tn insists of the Lieutenant-Governor, the inenibers of the Ex- iWuns-^ I'litivc C-ouncil, t)ie IVcsident of the Umversity of New Bruns- ^^'^•'^• wick, and the Chief kSuperintendent of Education. 7'j • " t- ''i| t f » :{96 CHAPTER X. I^nii^t ■ v^Jtf'W-r. 1 i. • ,• .■ •'..' ; a utteiid- aiicf. K\|it'n(|i- tinf. <»-'>. Tlio total niiiulu'r oi' piqiils was sliu:litly laruvi tlmi, ill tlio [dvccdin^' year, hut tho avon»j;v attriidaiicc dn ivii,,.,! from .')SMl') per cent, to 57'21 per (vnt. This is also atirili'Uc,| to t'Xc't'}»tionally severe wcatlier. Tlic average (lail_\ iittcihl. aiico (liiriiiu' the term endocl :51st Di'i't'inltor, 18H7, was dii. m,,! duriiiu' that oikUmI :)()th .luiu', 1887, 54-4:), a lU'creasr in iMtj. rases over the ti_i>MU'es for the two preeedinu," terms. Tlif \^\^.. portion of the estimatcil population attendino- tli,. puM;, schools was 1 in Wh. ^'ly\. Tho Government expenditure for the year was.Sl:)(!.;!:;ii: the county fund amounted to !ii>04,r)01, and the district ji-s(». ment to !!i5l7r),4i'4, making a total of :$40(;,2r>l. The aveiii-, cost per pujiil, including tlie pupils of Superior and Urauiiiia! schools, was $r).S8. ' mak i Arlior '-. ' 9 1 Diiy. 1 H'' "- - T^~ * A ^, • , • \ •■: - . ■ i ■'"r-y^'r' ,, ■ '■"' r *.; . MiluL'ii- tiipiiul ' ' ' statistic, 1 •, ■ -J Xhw » . " •■• Bnins- .• ' • • wi( k. • -. . ' « •-. " * ''m \ ■ > f ' ■'■ -' ^4 ' r •t '*• I.'i ! I' 'V> .-•• • '• % 027. An Arhor Pay, on the same i>rinciple as that in On- tario, was held on 18th May, 1888, when (J, 571 trees and li'iH shruhs were planted and :}0:} Hower heds laid out. (128. The following tahle gives the educational statistics t'er the vear : — XKW lUa'NSWICK-KDl'CATlON'AL STATISTIC S. PlHMC Schools, 1HS7 «H. Nuuiher Teachers \uiiil)erl T.Tiii Knded.i of I Sch(K)ls, and As- of ! Boy> sistaiits. I'upils. H Averawv PropKitii'ii (lirls. I Attend- I'dpiihitinii ance. at Sc'lllKll. I 18«7. Dec. 31 1888. .hnieSO j l,o32 l,(il3 -M,4'.)'2 27,888 27,(i04 33,315 1,587 I ry.l.GSd 31,7 27,870 32,4(55 fr-H ;>Sli SOCIAL A\l» OTHER STATISTICS 8«»1 M:\V Fmi'N'SWTCK KDrOATTONAL STATISTICS Conehul,,!. • JUAMMAIt SCHODI.S. NoUMAl. S('H hi'cn in tlic hands of a Hoard of Ediieatiim, eoinpose(W)f tDiiu. ill iiieiiibers, and divided into two seetions, one section eon- •i-fiiiu- of 12 I'rotestants and tlie other section ot 1> Roman t'ailioru's, each section having exclusive control over tlio vlio(»ls of its own denomination. (See, however, ante par. I'lii.l) The local management is in tiie hands of trustees ulrtcd by tlie [leoj^le. ii:>o. Two sections ot land of «I40 acres each, in overv town- Sdiool ^liili.ai'c reserved and held in trust bv the Dominion Government ;i> school lands, tor the purpose of aiding and promoting edu- iiriiin. and it is estimated that upwards of 1,500,000 acres are hivailulilc for settlement. These lands liave, until (juite recently, 'wii imrposely kept out of the market, in order to aHow their |v;iliu' to increase ; but in .Fanuarv, 18SS, a number of sections wvic ottci'ed for sale at several points in the Province, wlien li'.l'Sii acres were disposed of for the sum of fsl40,180. -H ■ 1 .^08 t'HAPTKR X. I'lcittwUmt .S<'l|IHt|N ill Miuiitoliii. ' 1 • Koiiijiii Ciitlidlio .S(.-li(K)ls ill Maiiitnlia. Kduc'ii- tiiiiial sys- teiiiBritisli Coluiiihia. A\t'raK'' attfiid- iiui'e. (131. Tlic tbllowiiiu; stiitisticH roluto only to tin* Pidfistsmt !*«li(H>ls of Mimitoba. Thi' iiicn'iisc in tlic ninultor of >t houl, iiiiH lu'rn vorv I'np'ul. In 1H71 tliciv were only l)i in \\\,. Proviniv ; in 1H81 tluTc woiv 12H, jind in 1HH7 tlu'rc Wiic .'i^^ «Iistrirt8 orifunizcd and 404 schools in oju'mtion. Tin- m Iki,,; iVfSv irt '> to 1') years iiiclnsivt', and in 1MS7 tiic school |»oiiiilariu!i in orii'ani/cd districts was 17,»I(M), the nMnd»cr attcndinu' mIh,,,] 1«!,J>40, and the avcraii:c attciuhmcc i»,71o. There is a Xnrin;,! Sciiool for tlie training of teadiers at Winni[u'tf. at wlih h tl„ atteiahince in 18H7 was 14:'). The total ntunber attciidiun school was 17,1M)'), there heing 30;') over the school age. Tiic first Arhor Day wan held on Sth May, 1S!M>. The iiiiiiil,,., of teachers employed was fjSl. Thi' expenditure of \ova] school hoards is provided tor annually as follows: — 1. Kinn, the (lovernnient grant, not exci'oding ^100 to each >v\ |, '2. From tlu' municipal h'vy, not exceeding ^240 to each si lui,,], 3. From the special district tax tor the halance re(|uired. Th. (ilovernment gi.;.it in 18H«J amounted to !i?r)J>,r)r)(l and the tufni receipts to $357,2<>7. The total I'Xju'nditure ainoiuircd r^ $31S,142. ()3'2. rnder t-ontrol of the Roman Catholic Hoard there wen. in 1S8S, oil school districts, with a total of 4,364 [)upils— I'.lH:! hoys and 2,201 gii'ls. The expenditure for the half yoaiciiildi 30th June, 188'.', amounted to ^8,138. t)33. The educational system of British Columhia i> t'lo. undenomhiutional, and sup[iorted entirely hy the GoveniiiKii!, There is a Superintendent of Education, acting under the Tn'- viiicial Secretary, and eacli school is locally controUiMl liy trustees, elected by the ratei>ayers of each school district. 634. There was an increase in the number of schools ainl pupils, but a decrease in the average daily attendance tidiu o3*7r) per cent, to 48'54 per cent., which was attributed ;)artlv to severe weatlier, and })artly to a prevalence of contauinih diseases incident to children, which necessitated absence on tin parto^'maiiy in order to avoid infection. There was iiii in- SOt'IAh AND OTHER ST A T I. "^T I ('6. 090 ,iv!i-t' of 1,027 in tin- total munln'r of pupils, ami of s in tlio iiuiiilior of scliool «listri»'ts. tl.l.j. The cxiu'iiiliturc for t'diuiatioii proitor aiiiounfcd to lAi-ndi !iiit>.'.i02, and for construction of school houses, furnituri'. '^""' iv|iiiirs, \c.. !!^18,777, nmkini; a total of !*11:J,070. il:'.t!. The followinff tahle shows the nunthcr of schools, K-liwi fcaclicrs, and pupils in each class : — HtiitUiiH KIU'CATIONAI, STATISTICS OF HKITISM COMMIMA. ISSS. (ul.m,liiii. Common Schools. NuiiiImt Siliii"li*. Tt'lM-'lltTW iUlll AssiHtiuits. NumiIm r nf I'lipilM. ]\i>\, r.n-U H8 1» 83 (tltADKD SCHOOLH, «,(W7 i,nr>4 Hii;ii Schools. I!t3 Total Ni miikk ok Schools. l.KHt A \ fl'llKH Oiiily Attf'iulamt'. 1.;7S 115 l(Mi !)!) 121 orintendent, and are supported partly liy (lovernment ii'i'ants and partly hy district assessments. The • iiivcrnnient expenditure in 188S was $108,S4(!. and that of the school Imards $3S,«'>01), nial' a t(»tal expeuiliture of 147.400, heinu; an increase of !if(377, as compared with 1SS7. ii-)8. The school aue is between the ages of 5 and !»!, and it Wiis cstinuite«l that there were upwards of 28,000 children be- tween those ages in 1888, of whom 22,441 attendeereentage of attendance trom 54*88 percent. 1'', lifatim ill I'liiicc I-Mwani I-!iui(l. A \ Hr.of^H iitt^-iid- iHice 4i' ■r ■ •1 1 ] ' ". r I'.'.. r • v.. .,i ". «V,.M'v'" •- ...;■•• », , •■"•>. ' ■?• . ■:'^.. .f-4- : ■* 400 KilniM- tioiifil Stati-itics 1*1 iiH'>^ Kilwiiid Islaii.l. CHAPTER X. to 54"49 por ooiit. Tlio number of A(hiiiictr-(1 gnuU'd sclumls ... 14 First-class .schools U Charlnttetowii Public schools 3 i4»; 3,(!(»2 2S 55S IS 401 25 S22 Total Av,- rat;,. Pupils. •^"'"''- Total. .. Priiiov. 17: 217 5,;i.s3 Primary schools .Vilvancfd graded schools . . Fii'st-class schiHils Siuuiucrside Public schools 127 127 3,217 (1 12 3(»3 5 11 27S 3 11 2! to T(jtal .... Kiiio'ts. 141 ICl 4,0HS I'riiiiary schools Advanced gi'aded schools First-class schiM)ls 3 113 s 1 10 2 ' 2,i»3!l 47C. 2i)(i 525 )i,541 1,(134 (iil7 1,34X 4,237 !*,(i2() 2,(i2« 1(>3 233 2(»7 5,845 4i;ii .511 4i>7 3,231 7,31i» 2,254 4,71t3 Total Ti,tii/.-<. Primary schools ' Advanced ^rraded schools . . . First-class schools I t'liarlottetowii and Sunuuer-j side Public schools (Jrand Total i 120 130 2,53!» 2,254 241 143 184 141 2,!)(i4 2,538 384 .325 3S(i .381 ; . 25 50 l(i (> 3() (i 433 .')08 5,502 !t,.358 7,821 17,179 3,:i!M Cilll i,(i8i; 5,4;r. 3.(l(i(> L'(W 31)11 3,!i(ir) 2.1711 ISM 2.S,S!( 1,102 S(i3 1,112 782 (•>70 733 12,4.35 l(»,00(i 1,884 1,533 1,845 S.1I27 1.112 S.-,4 i.3»; 22,441 I 12.2l>!( Educ^tioii N. W. 'I\ 640. The educational svstem of the Noith-West Territories is under the control of a .Board of Education, appointed by the Lieutenant-Governor in Council, and composed of live iiieiii- 3nt sohooU has !Lrl»or Day was yet boL'u vitv lie educational MLAXI), 1.SSS. Total Av,r Pupils. •^*f'"" ip. lllcf. (),r.4i 3..S1I1 1,034 i;i 3,!l(r) 4,703 3S4 325 L'.-ITii L'od 5,502 2,SS!I 17,170 S,!IL>7 1,.S84 1.112 1,533 s:,4 1,S45 i.3:ii; 12.2:i!l 22,441 st Territories )ointed by the of five nu'iii- SOCIAL AND OTHER STATISTICS. licr-. two Protestant and two Roman Catholic, and the Lieu- tuna i it-Go vornor, who shall be chairman. (;4l. No school district shall, at its erection, exceed an area of o'» square miles, nor shall it contain less than 4 heads of liiinilies, or a smaller school population than 10. 042. No religious instruction is allowed in any public school before 3 o'clock in the afternoon, at which time such instruc- tion as is permitted by the trustees may be given, parents hav- iiii); the privilege of withdrawuig their children at that hour if iK'sired. {]\3. The increase in the number of schools and pupils dur- iiio- 1889 is a very reliable indication of the progress of settle- ment in the Territories. The total increase was 33 schools, 33 teachers, and 1,121 pupils, divided amongst l*rotestants and Eoiuan Catholics, as follows: — Protestants, 25 schools, 28 toaeliers, and 801 pupils ; Roman Catholics, 8 schools, 5 teach- ers and 320 pupils. There were, therefore, 164 public schools ill operation, and 5 Roman Catholic Separate schools with a total of 4,574 pupils. The average attendance in the Protes- tant schools was 59*55 per cent, and in the Roman Catholic schools 68*06 per cent, of the pupils on the register. The fol- lowing table shows the state of the schools during the years 1888 and 1889 :— KDl'CATIONAL STATISTICS IN THE TICRRITORIES, 1888 AND 1880. Pkotkst.vnt Schools. 401 ■J Sciidol dis- tricts. Religictus iii.struc- tiou. Kdiica- tidiial Statistics, N. W. 'I\ DisTiiirr. 1888. No. of SeluH)ls. Nil. of Teach- ers. No. of Ptjpils. No of ' ^"* °^ Schools, i ''^™^'^>- ; ers. Kastcrn Assiniboia. . WVstt'iii do I'liiK'e Albert District liiittlcford do Ciilgiuy do Kclinoiitoii do Maclcod do Total ~26 ~ 38 40 38 42 13 14 2 2 11 ;> ert Macleod Calgary Battleford AssinilH)ia East 5 8 1 1 1 7 8 10 1 3 2 7 165 220 13 70 48 113 () 13 3 1 1 5 2 9 13 3 1 5 do West 2 Total 23 31 649 31 36 Grand total 131 150 3,453 164 183 4 :i4H H21 74 \V.\ r)7 115 41 '.M'lit 4,574 I'nion 644. Union or High schools have been opened at Regiiia N. w. T, and Calgary, but particulars of attendance are not availal>lc. The school expenditure, the greatest part of which is provided for by Government grants, in 1888 was $44,547, and in 1889 $56,985. Summary 645. The following is a concise summary of the precedino- of Educa- ,11 "^ tionai tables : — Statistics, EDUCATIONAL STATISTICS OF THE PUBLIC, HIGH, NORMAL AND MODEL SCHOOLS OF CANADA. PKOVINCE.S. Year Ended Number of Pupils. Average Attend- ance. Number of Teachers. ■ 1 i i IVr- Exjjendi- ^^''"^^e-^ *"•■«• Attend- ance. Ontario Quebec Nova Scotia N. Brunswick Dec. 31, '87. June 30, '87. Oct. 31, '88.. Dec. 31, '88. Jan. 31, '88.. 511,911 255,540 105,231 69,063 22,412 6,372 22,441 4.574 255,379 194,191 49,518 *33,314 t8,783 3,158 12,229 :3,088 8,025 7,939 2,133 1,673 +535 4,2.37,717 4!f8!) 2,511,(527 75'J!) 675,995 47 0)) 40<),251 48 24 +316,54(; t4!l05 113,679 4!) -51) 147,455 54 4!) 56,985 :)17 51 British Columbia.. P. E. Island The Territories. . . June 30, '88. JuneJiO, '88. Sept. 17, '89. 124 508 183 21,120 Total 997,544 559,660 8,466,255 55 22 *Not including Normal students. fProtestant schools only. :{;(juarter ended 30th June, 1889. Total 646. It will be seen that the total number of pupils at the pupils.' " Public, High, and Model schools amounted to 997,544. If all those attending the various universities, theological colleges ? i 9 •-MS i 13 :27 075,995 1 40(),251 ! t31«,540 113,(>79 147,455 56,985 4!)-8!l 75!l!l 47'0(i 48-24 t4!»-05 49 aO 54-4!) ^ 8,466,255 55'L'L' ^Quarter ended f pupils at the )97,544. If all ogical c ollogos SOCIAL AND OTHER STATISTICS. and ]iiivate schools eould he reckoned, the whole number of those underifoing tuition of some kind would he considerably ovor niR' million. ' 647. Owinn" to the fact that the various Provinces issue their roiiorts at dift'erent periods, as ap[>ears in the above table, it is not jiossible to give the figures for the whole Dominion at a uivcii (late ; but as it is intended in future issues to kee^) to the siiuu' periods as those given above, the figures will in a verv «li()it time be as valuable for comparison as if they all represented tilt' same year. i!4S. A second attempt, more successful than the first, has lioeii made to collect particulars concerninu the princiytal higher otliuational institutions in the country, and though a large miiiilK'r of small local as well as all the private institutions are luressiirily omitted, it is believed that all the i)rincipal institu- tiitiis are referred to in the following pages : — Kinjfs College, Windsor, N.S., was founded in 1789, by an Act of the Provincial Lt|,'islature, and by Royal Charter in 1802 received all the privileges of a l^niversity, thus heanuing the first university of British origin established in Canada. The college is in connection with the Church of England, the patron l>eing the Archbishoj) of t'anterbiu-y, but is oi>en to students of all denominations, no religious tests being iiniMised, except in the Divinity course. It confers degrees in Arts, Divinity, Civil Law and Kngineering. It has an endowment fund of §15.5,000, without including real ^^tate, and an income of alxjut $9,000 |)er annum, and has also a number of scholarships iittaclied, to the value of .$2,000. The total value of projnrty owned is alK)ut .$250,000. The niuiiber of students in Novendier, 1S89, was 18. Tlie University of New Brunswick, situated at Fredericton, was first foinided and iiiciiriKirated by Provincial Charter in 1800 as the College of New Brunswick, was iiRiii'lHivated by Royal Charter in 1828, under the name of King's College, Fredericton, and ^^as re-or-janised by Act of the Provinc'al Legislature and established as the I'lmcisity of New Brunswick in 18(50. It lias an endowment from the State of S'<,S44 iier annum, and the average revenue and exi)enditure are alxmt $10,000 |)er annum. Scholarships are attached of the annual value of .$l,.50O. Degrees are con - hired in Arts, Science, Philosophy and Civil Law. The College iK)S8essesan Obser- vatdiy fitted with a jx-werful achromatic teles(;oi)e and a complete collection of astro- imniioal and meteorological instruments. There were (>0 students in 1889. Females ;uv admitted. The I'liiversity of Mc(Jill, Montreal, consists of Mc(till College and attiliated iiilh'Sires. McGill College was fovnided after the death of the Hon. .Tames Mc(iill, in lsl3, wlio endowed it by will with 4() acres of land in Montreal and £10,er Canada College. total aiuount of its endowment .*!842,41S, and its revenue and exiienditnic ;i\riaK,, )?!)(»,()(••(. It is a I'rotestant Institution, Imt entirely nndenoininational. l)e.;ivis aiv conferred in Arts, Law, Medicine and Ajiiilied Science. 'I'liere is also a special tdiuM' in .Vrts for females, in sei)arate classes. The t(.tal annual value of Hcliolarslii|is and exhibitions is .Sl.T'Mt. The numherof students of thecollege proper in session Issji ^va> (mO, and there were in addition 4.'") in colleges affiliated in Arts, and i»S in thr Nuiiiial SchiH)l, making a ti)tal of 7!W, exclusive of students in the affiliated th( nldirj,..,] colleges, wlio are not reckoned, except when taking ('ourses of lectures in the h'ai nhv nf Arts. There were also 321 in theMoilel schoolsof the Normal School. 'I'hc atliliatid colleges are Morrin College, (Quebec ; St. Francis' College, Richmond ; Congr(i;atiniial College. Montreal ; Presbyterian College, Montreal ; The DicK-esan College, Mdiitnal; Tht' Wesleyan College, Montreal ; The Montreal Veterinary ScIkm)!, as a l^'aculrvdi Comparative Medicine and Veterinary Service; McCrill Normal School, and a miiiiun of sch(K)Is and High scliools. The university ])ossesses a valuable nuiseuiii, ami an excellent library, containing 3S,!IS5 volumes. Dalhousie College and I'niversity, Halifax, N. S., was founded by the Km] nt Daihousie in 1S21, "for the education of youth in the higher branches of scicmi- ami " literature." The original endownu'nt was derived from funds collected at the {» u of Castine, intheStateof Maine, during itsoccui)ation in 1814 l)y Sir.Tohn Sh(ilii(i,il<,.. After a checjuered career of many years, the College was re-organised in 18(i3, and n\vt« its present prosperity inincipally to the generosity of tieo. Muaro and Alexamlii ^[cLeod. Degrees are conferred in Arts, Law and Medicine. 'J'he number of snidint- in 1S8() was ItJit. The Presbyterian College, Halifax, which confers thedegref nf H. I), is affiliated with the above. It has an endowment of about !J!il20,00(), and the numlni of students in 1888, was 30. The University of Toronto was founded by Royal Cliarter in 1827 as a Cliunli nf Kngland institution under the name of King's College. It possesses an endownitnt of 81,042,000, invested in various securities, and also owns lands in the city of 'I'drdnin valued at $!l,8(K),000. Its income is aljout !?8r),000, of which upwards of .i are conferred in Arts, Law, Medicine (inchiding Denti.stry) Civil Engineering, ami Agriculture. In order to conciliate certain projMjsed federating colleges (ISSDtlif name of I'niversity College was retained, and certain dei»artments of instructiDii ait- classed under it, while the remaining departments in Arts, and the Faculties df Liu and Medicine, are teaching Fsujulties of the University ;but as the whole work is car- ried on in the same buildings and imder the same President, tiie distinction is littli' n.ore than nominal. The University and University College constitute one ImwIv for teaching jmriKJses, and all examinations are conducted under regulations of tlieSenatt- of the University, which determines the requirements and apixnnts examiners. In October, 188!>, there were upwards of .'MX* students in Arts and 300 in Medicine. Females are admitted. There were 11(5 degrees conferred during 18H8. On 14t!i February, 18!K), the University buildings were totally destroyed by fire, including tlin contents of the Libru,ry and Museum. The loss was upwards of $275,000, but nniny articles of value were destroyed, esj^cially in the Library, that no money can re|ilatf. In connection with the ITniversity is l^^pper Canada College for boys, wliitli was attended I)y 415 impils during 1888. This institution provides a first-class educatiim in classics, modern languages, history, geography, mathematics, &c. SOCIAL AND OTHER STATISTICS. Vicinriii University, Cohonrg, founded as I'pjier Canada Academy in ()ctt)l)er, ISHii, i~ under tlie atntrol of the Metiuxlist ChiU'cli, hut free from all sectarian tests. In IS II the charter was enlarfjfed, full university powers were secured, and the name ili;iii^;'d to its |)resent one. All State aid was discontinued in 18(18, and tiie institution j, supported by \(ihintary contriluitions. Kndowment, exchisive of lands, l)\iildings, jc, i^ •Sli'iO.OOO. Annual expenditure, .S2(»,(J(X>. In anticijjation of federation with til,, i'lnvincial University, a furtiier sum of 84.")O,(M)0 is now being raised for buildings mill iiidowment The land, buildings and e(iuipments cost !i<7r),0(M,'. The number of .(iiijiiits in 188(1 was ()(!(». Females are a,'i(al College, Montreal. Till' University of Acadia College, Wolfville, No\a Scotia, was founded \n 1838. Ilic (li)V<'ru()rs are ai>iH)inted by tiie ISaptist Convention of the Maritime Provinces, ;iiiil "wliile no religicms tests or suliscriptions are recjuired, Acadia is designed to be ;i |i(psiti\ely christian college."" Tiie college has an endowment of sl(*(),(M>0, and its l;iii(l-, liuildings, &o., are valued at a similar amount. It receives an annual appro- iiiiatidii frtmi the funds of the Baptist Convention. Tliere are seven scholarsiiips t)f till, value of $250 annually. Tiit usual university degrees are conferred. There were l:'Ost\i(lents in 188i(. Females are admitted. Horton Academy and Acadia Seminary iiiv uiiiler the direction of its Board of (lovernors. 'I'll. I'niversity of (Queen's College, Kingston, (hit., was founded by Koyal Charter in 1.S41. It has an endowment of >'4(tO,(»IM», and tiie lands, buildings, &c., are valued ;it >*12.'>,0(M>. The average revenue and expenditure is ><4(t,()()0 per annum. It is uiKlniiiiiiinational, but has a Tiieological Faculty connected witli tlie l'resl)yterian Cliunli of Canada. The iisual degrees are conferred in Divinity, Arts, Law and MrtHciiie. In 188!) there were 425 students. Females are admitted. jiishop's College, Lejnioxville, (.Quebec, was incorporated by Act of the Legislature nfi^iiiebec in 1843, and was designed to provide the Church of Kngland in the Pro- vim* of (Quebec with a suitable place for educating her ministry, and also to offer to the I'lovince at large the blessing of a sound and lil)eral education, l)ase(l upon iflijfinus jirincijiles. Tiie university was institned l)y Ko.val Charter in 1852. Tlie mdowiiient, including real projierty, buildings, Ac, amounts to .'?2(H),( •(•(). The value uf the endowed scholarshijis is alniut 837, 4( Ml, and tlieir annual valu. about 82,000. Detfrees are conferred in Divinity, Arts, Medicine, Law and Music. Tiie Medioal Fatuity lias its quarters in Montreal, and tliere are atiir"s College school, Lennoxville, for boys. Fees. 8280 per aiinuui. Sdiis of clergymen working in the dioceses of ( ,|uebec and Montreal are admitted as luianlers at a greatly reduced rate. In October, 1880, there were 110 pui)ils. The University of (Jttawa, Ottawa, was founded in 1848, under the title of "College "f 15\-t()wn," in 18(M) received the title (\' Ctillege of Ottawa, a.id the iiower of con- tVning degrees, and in 1880 was created a university. It has an average revenue of >^4li.(lil(l. It is a Roman Catholic institution, conducted by tlie 01>late Fatliers of Maiy Immaculate, but Protestants are not excluded. Scholarsiiips are attached, of ilic value of ,'i!!17,500; yearly value, 8875. It confers degrees in Arts, Law, Medicine, 405 X'ictoi'ia University Cobourg. Acadia College, Wolfville, N. S. (;u?en"s College, Kingston, Out. Bisliop"s College, Lennox- ville, C^ue. Bishop"s College, School, University of Ottawa. •H' •I V 1 = 'i- •r! '-U i 406 CHAPTER X. * ■?' r.'.f •"■*.'•< • , ' ' ■'•.* v.; .# ,?■''■■ I Triiiitv Toroiitc. St. Mi- chael-s Col- lege, To- ronto, Laval Uni- versity, < ^neVjee. Knox Col- lege, To- ronto. Presbyter- ian College Montreal. Civil, Mining and Mechanical Kngineering and Muwic, and all degrees ediit, n, ,] .„,,. oftieially recognized in the Province of Ontario. The number of students in isss was 3!I8. Females are not admitted. Tile I'niversity of Trinity College, Toronto, was ccmstituted by Royal ('li;utii dated loth 'Tuly, 1852, and iK)sseHses all sueli jKjwers of conferring degi'cts as aiv enjoyed by the MI. !versities of (treat Britain. The annnnit of endowment, im luiliiiL' tlie value of lands and buildings, is about i?7r»<),(KM», all contrilnited by priMn,. m,!,. scription. Annual revemie, 830,(KK). Tt iKissesses scholarshijjs of the vahie nt ■A\\^^^x 82,000 \n'Y annum, besides exhibitions in the theological scIum)! of the value i,t sl,7(i() The university is under the sujtervision of the Church of England, but studnitsin Arts are admitted witliout reference to tiieir religion, provided tiiey conf.nin Ki tin. regulations. Tiie total number of degrees conferred in 1S88 was 152. Tlie fnlldwin" colleges are nttiliated :— St. Hilda's College for women, Toronto (on tiie iiattim ..f Lady Margaret Hall, Oxford); Trinity Medical College, Toronto; The WdiiKn's Medical College, Toronto ; tiie Royal College of IMiysicians and Surgeons, KiiiListmi and the Conservatory of Music, Toronto. Tlie total numlier of undergraihiatis last year was ,S!Mt, viz. : Arts, (io ; Law, 13; Medicine, 215; A[usif, 10<5. In coiiiitcti(jii with the university are the following schools: Trinity College school, I'mt Hup,, opened on 1st May, 18().5, for lK)ys only, jiossessing fine buildings valued at >«.mi,(Niii, find having an average number of 1.38 juipils, fees for board and tuition, !i-H\~ |„.|. annum; tlie l-5islioi> Strachan school, Toronto, for girls, and the Hellimitli Tiiuliis' College, London, Ont. The university fees are 82 550. All the usual degrees are conferred. Sixteen colleges and seminaries tlirciu!,'li out the Province of t^uelH'C are affiliated with the university. The total \alui' ut jiroperty owned, lands, buildings, &c., is over 81,000,000. Knox College, Torttnto, is a theological school of the Presbyterian Churcii in Can- ada, and was founded in 1845. The amount of endowment is .820O,0(M». Tlie aveiaj.'!' revenue is alxjut 81,0. Value of scholarships, .si, SiNipir annum. Tiie students of this college mostly prosecute their studies in Arts in University College Toronto. The numlier having in this manner connection with Knox College in 1888 was about ll(», there lieing 70 resident students. The tutal value of proi)erty of all kinds is i)laced at C470,(KM). The Presbyteriari College, Montreal, was founded in 1808, and has an eiulownunt of 81()0,000, with scholarsliiiis worth annually 81,300. The value of the college l.uiM- ings and grounds is $225, OfK), and the average revenue and exjienditurealKHit slL'.liMii, The course of study is limited to tiie theologica' curriculum of the Presbyterian Church, including the jireparatiim of French and (laelic preacher.s, and degrees aiv . II SOCIAL AND OTHER STATISTICS. ,.,iiifiM it'd in Divinity only. Tim nninl)*'?' of Htndents during the winter of 1889-lK) Till I'liivfisity of Mount Allison College was foiuided hy Act of the Legislatvuv i,f N'lW Brunswick in 1M('(2, and eonsists of the ITniversity of Momit Allison, the Mount \llisiiii Academy for hoys and young nie:i, founded in 184H, and tiie Moinit Allison Lailii -■ College, fovmded in 1804. Tiie vuiiversity is under the control of a Board ;i|i|Kiiiited by t\u' Metiiodist Cluirch, and lias an endowment of !ij!12((,00<>, and seholar- s|ii|iM)f tiie annual value of ii^iVM). The buildings, lands and eciuipments are valued at ,*llii,(i(K). It has iH)wer under its cliarteij'to cojifer degree.* in Arts, Science, Divinity, ],AW iUid Medicine. Eighteen degrees were conferred in 188il. Tiie nmiilxM- of sttidciits in 188!) as 271"). The Wesleyan Theological College, >[ontreal, is aHiliated witii Mc(iill rniversity, ;iii(l confers degrees in Divinity only. It was founded in 1873, and has an endowment iif >iV-,lMK), and lands and buildings wortli !ii!r)0,00(>. Tiie average annual revenue and ixjxiiditm'e are .'?(>,()0(), and tlie nunil)er of students in 188!) was 41. W'liodstock College, Ontario, in connection with McMaster University (of wliich [iiutKulars are not available, thougii several applications have l)een made) is a Baptist sdiiMil of learning for young men and l)oys of all denominations, and lias an endowment „f .slCid.lKM), an average revemu^ of iS2r),000, and Viviildings and grounds valued at !ii'2()0,- (Hiii. Tiie attendance in 1888 was alxmt 100, In connection with the ordinary course lit' four years, a manual training dejiartment has l)een establishtKl, giving instruction ill dunving, cari>entry, wood-turning, carving and iron-work. Fees for board, tuition, ,*!(■.. si 44 per ainium. Ttic University of Manitoba, Winnii)eg, wa.s founded in 1877, lieing incorporated by iiu Art of tlie Provincial Legislature. It has in attiliation with it St. .Tolm's College iKntilish Cluirch), St. Boniface College (Roman Catholic), Manitoba Bresbyterian fiilli '^'i', Wesley Methodist College and the ManitoVia Medical College, all situated in Winnipeg, and is at present only an examining and degree-conferring Inidy. The Diiuiinion (lovernment has granted an allotment of 150,0(10 acres of huul as an endow- iiniit, which lands are now In-ing selected, and \i\> to the Hist Octoln-r, 1881), 123,541 IK 11^ iiad lieen chosen out of 250,000 acres temiM)rarily reserved. It has also an endow - imiit of !j!80,g, was foiuided in 1870, and is iittiliated with the University of MaTiitoba, for the degrees of which in Arts and Oiviiiity students are i)rei)ared. The average revenue and ex^jendittu'e is about ^l.^.-jOO, and the value of the buildings, &c., $50,000. Its endowment at present aiuoiiuts to $15,000. Scholarships of the value of $280 are attached. The inimber of students in 188!) was 87. F-^males are admitted. 407 Mount Al- lison Col- lege, N.B. Wesleyan College, Montreal. W(H»d- stock Col- lege, Out. l^niversity of Miini- toba. St. John's College, Winnipeg. St. Boni- face Col- lege, Wini- Presbyter- ian College Winnipeg. Hi J .'•1. r ■ ■ i j.rH ". *'' l\ " "> 1 ■»i !*>'_ M 'l,l- i! 1 -■ I : - t ] ^ M'l. i:i'r , m tm':U. i;J.«tK.,.. K. ; .• ;• I •!, ■ *«J :-i y .'■■ ' ' 'r ** •;, >■«• ll < • ■ • * t^ l>f ^ * !* ' ; -^vv-'v-v.-^ » •■ . .. 1 408 MctlKKlist Winiii|)eg, Manitoba Medical Collegf. Wydiff.' College, Torcmto. AMsuinp- tion Ct)l- le^e, Saiul- WR'll. Helhuutii LadiesCol- lege. Ladies College, Whitby. liraiitford Ladies College. Ladies College, St. Thomas Ladies College, Hamilton. Ladies College, Oshawa. Agricul- tural College, (iuelph. School of Agi'icul- ture, Truro X. S. School of Practical Science, Toronto. CHAPTER X. Tlie Wesley Methodist College was establislied in IHHH and embraces l)i\iiiitv ami Arts. It at present only occupies teni|H)rary (juarters. The Manitoba Medical Collegs was established in IHH4, and has a \V(lluii:iiij;,,i building. WydittV College. Toronto, is a Cliurch of Kngland institutictii, atHliattMJ witli the University of Toronto, and tiie cotu'se of study is confined to tiieological sulijirt^, It has an average revenue of )S10,(MK) per anmnu, an endowment of .S();i,L".t(). .nid tin. iMiildings, itc, are valued at 8<»5,(MM). Scholarships of the annual value of si.iyo arc attadied. Tiie numln-r of students in IHMil was 40. Females are not admittcil. Assumption College, Sandwich, Out., (Komnn Catiiolic) was founded in isriii. luid gives a general education. It has a revenue of .Sir.OlM) per annum, and the buiMiiins. itc, are valued at .*illO,(M)(). The number of students in lSHi» was l.T). Femalo aiv not admitted. Fees for l)oard and tuition, SloO jM-r annum. Hellnmth Ladies' College, London, was fcnnided in IHU!! as a Church of Knj,'iiinfl institution. Its average revenue is .'i?.S(>,(K)0, and the value of pro] )erty owned aiiwiuiits to .S«<»,t)00. 'I'he n\nnber of students in ISSil was KM). Ontario Ladies' Ct>llege, Whitby (Methodist) was founded in 1874. It li;is :,ii aver.age revenue of .S2.S5,0(X), and i>roperty valued at .*<8(),(KX). It confers ;legrt(s ami dipl(n from 70 to 140. Alma Ladies' College, St. Thomas, founded in 1878, has a revenue of .*>24,, has a revenue of 814,000 per annum, and projterty valued at .Sr)5,000. It is undenominational. The number df .-tudents in 1889 was 138. The (Ontario Agricultural College, (Juelph, was established by the Provincial (!ov- ernment in 1874, and is sn))iK)rted by an annual vote of tiie Provincial Legislature, the average annual expenditure l)eing about 838,000. The total value of the land, buildings, itc, is .8340,!)00. There are lut .scholarships, but each county in Outaiin may .send one student free of tuition. A general education is given in agrictdtiiri', live stock, draining, veterinary science, chemistry, geology, botany, &c., nieiisina- tion, mechanics and btx)k -keeping. The degree of B. S. A. (Bachelor of Scieiititii Agriculture) is conferred. There were 135 students in 1880. The Provincial School of Agriculture, Truro, N.S., was established and is sup- liorted by the Provincial (lovernment. There is a farm in connection witli it, wliiili is worked by the students, who arv paid for their labour, and by this means n sound practical agricultural education may be acquired. There are also classes for women in dairying and domestic economy. The school of Practical Science at Toronto was established in 1877, when tiie I'ro- vincial (Tovernnient affected an arrangement with the council of University College, whereby the students of the school enjoy full advantage of the instruction given liv SOCIAL AND OTHUR STATISTICS. 409 nhniccs Divinity ;iiii haH 11 Wfll-iiiiaii its iniifcHHors uiul It'cturHi's in all (U'partiuciits df xci»'iicf t'liiltmcfd in tlu- work of tlif rtlidiil. Ah now (ii'^ani/.cd, tli<- srli(K)l inL-lu(l«-H in its tt'aeiiinK ^tatf prnff.sHcii'H in Kiif-'iiiitrinj? and Applied CliftniNtry, and profe.MMojs and lecturt'is in Matlieniatits, |'liy>ii'!^, Hnrvt'vinK, Ciifniistry, Mint'ralt)(?y, (Jeolo^^v, lliolojjy and Ktlinoloj^y. l)ipl(iMias aiv Ki'iii'ted in Kn^finnt ^, AKsaying and Mining (ieokigy and Analytical ;iiiil Applied Clu'niiHtiy. I'leliniinary scientific cminiiig for the profenNiuns of Sin- wyiii^;' and Medicine \h also fucnislied. A laboratory an>l WMrksliop arc also attaclieil til the scIkkiI. Tiie sciiool is maintained l)y an annni',1 gvant from the Provincial liiiM rnment of alxait -W.HOO. The nnmlier of of ntudentt; in IHHS wan 71. Candidates fur tlic degree of C. E. at the I'nivcrMity of Toronto nni.st hold the diploma in Civil Kiifiiiii'cring of this school. The Provincial Minister of Hdncation propost-s to estivlilish full courses of instructiori in Applied Chemistry, Ai)plied Mechanics and Aiclnte(tture. The details given above, as tar as tliey go (and tliey arc by 110 moans complete), show a sum of no less than $9,S8(l.00O invested in endowments, hnihlings, lands, ite., with an annual iiu'ouie of upwards of >?t)55,000, making provision for the odiication of over 7,000 students. LAW AND CRIME. 1)411 By the TJritish Xorth American Act it is provided that the (Tovernor General shall appoim the Judges of tlie Superior, District and County Courts, excejtt those of the Cmirts of Probate in Xova Scotia and Xew Brunswick, and that their salaries, allowances and pensions shall l)e tixe • r '• .* Ml- . ■ '• i- mp :„■..;.!.. I' I ■ ■ ■ . • '■ '■' * I" ' ' '■ *■ ' ■ '■ ■' •* -■- »; :•■■ ^ ' ,' ' •' » ■ '. ■ ^ » ' ■ « • . ■ ' ' • * .■ liiMJlijLli..,,,::'' '■ .' ' 410 K.\c'lic Court of Exchequer on its revenue side, against the (^-own ,),. any of its ofHcers. This court also possesses concurrent oriiri. nal jurisdiction in all cases in which it is sought to en for. c any law relating to the revenue. The court may sit at any time and at any place in Canada. 652. The Superior Courts of the several Provinces arc consti- tuted as follows: Ontario — The !Su[>renie Court of Judicatuit', composed of the Chief Justice of Ontario and three Justices of Appeal, and the High Court of Justice, divided into rime divisions, having concurrent jurisdiction, viz. : the (^lurii's Bench and Common Pleas Divisions, each presided over hy n Chief Justice and two Judges, and the Chancerv Division. presided over by a Chancellor and three Judges. Qucbcr— The Chief Justice of the Queen's Bench and iive puisne Juducs, and the Chief Justice of the Superior Court, and tw«'iity-six puisne Judges, whose residences are iixed in various parts of ihe Province. Nova Scotia and Xew Brunswick — The (^liief Justice of the Supreme Court, the Judge in Equity, and five and four puisne Judges respectively. Manitoba — The CJiiof Justice and three pusine Judges. British Columl)ia — The Chief Justice and four puisne Judges. Prince Edward Island — The Chief Justice and two assistant Judges. In the Xortii- TVest Territories there are five puisne Judges of the Suitrcuie Court. There are also Vice- Admiralty Courts in (Quebec, Nova Scotia, New Brunswick and Prince Edward Island, and a Maritime Court of Ontario. 653. There are also County Courts, with variously linutod jurisdiction, in all the Provinces, but not in the N orth-AWsi Territories. Police Magistrates and Justices of the Peace, of whom there is an ample supply in each Province, are appointed bv the Provincial Governments. SO("rAI< AND OTHER STATISTICS. 411 r. i4. TluMV are five iKMiitcntiarios in the Dominion, situated iVnit.n iir K'infstoii, Ont. ; St. Vincent de Paul, Montreal, (^ue. ; iimmt.H. Pdirliester, N.B. ; Stoney Mountain, Man., and New AVest- iiiiiister, B.C., and the total (•onvi(!t [»op\ilation of the Domin- ion (that is, the total numher oontined in the above peniten- tiiiiii's) on the 80th .Fune, 1H8S, was 1,01)4, as eom[»ared with I,!,')!* on the same «hite in 1887. These tiii^ures show a decrease of 65, but do not, however, represent a correspond- iiiir (loerease in crime, the number admitted in 1888 having l)('eii .■$50*, or 8 more than iii 1887, when it was 851, and rlu' (leci'ease of 05 wan due to the large number of convicts who. having served their time or for other reasons, were tlisi'luirged from prison. There has been, however, in pro- |i()rti»in to the increase in population, a satisfactory falling ott' in the penitentiary population of late years. At Kingston, in 1S78, the average number of prisoners was 698; in 1888 it \\;is 558. In proportion to population there was, of course, a con iderable decrease, the proportion in 1885 having been 1 ci)ii\ ice in every 4,226 persons, in 1887 1 in 4,206, and in 1888 1 ill 4.680. Out of the total nund)er of convicts, 1,068 were niiilcs and 26 females, the i)roportion being just about the saiii ' as in the preceding year. (!.)") The t'otiviets were divided among the several peniten- Number of ■ ■ ,• 11 convicts. uaru's as to Hows : — Daily NuihIkt. Avt'iage. Kiii(jr^t()ii 52G 553 St, Vincent de Paul 276 269 I )()rchester 167 164 i Manitoba 67 70 British Cohnnbia 68 7.3 ii."»(]. The vaUie of the buildings and stock, &c., on hand on Vaineof :!Oth .lune, 1888, of the several penitentiaries, together with ti.aries, etc. the revenue sind expenditure of each during the year then «i- ,4: |. t^ :.l i, The Reix)rt shows 3(M) ; but one was a recapture, not a new admission. :■'•■, I i >,^ ;*!. 412 niAITKIl .\. I ili.iW «' " 'i ■ • •' ■ *. ' I ■ . ■ i * • • *i k - ml* i' * 4» ' .. * *.. ft *' ■ ■ a , 4 » • * % ^ * \: ' * '.■'.)• V -;* i' ' . '* * • • » _ " « ^ ■ ' •' * ' • ■• ' '•,'■■ * •' - ■ * • * \ ' • 1 . .-■:-v.' '■.,.' , ' » - ■ . •■ . ■ . . ■ ■ V. •■•.■», •■; . :■ ;• •;■.••'•:; • • ■■■■ ^•i"-:'-'- ,. closed, Jii'c u'ivi'ii Itclow. Tlic rcvi'iiiU' is derived tVoiii | rixm iaUoiir and iiiiseellaneoiis resoiuves. Kiii(,'st(in St. X'itufiit (If I'liul. ItorcllcsttT Miiiiitoha Hiiti.-Ii "oluiuliiii. . . . — - - \'aliif of hiiililiiiK^, li. ■Vl'liUf. K.\|i.iiilitiiii $ « M H47.»l!m 7(H;.(;;r) 4(»r).HLM 8ir).!M»7 •.'lM»,3»."i l.fi-Jl :*.7r>7 I, !»(•(•) 751 ii;i,(CT.i >tl. Ills l-'/Jls ."''1.727 •2,r)(i(;,45i '.»,t'..Hl ;<-'l„s;c. Cost of prisoiuTs. ihU. AWvv dediietiiiii' tlie revenue, tlio not expeiidituro is tniiiid to liavo beon .$:n2,l')4, an ineivaso of ^ll>,4H rejtresents the averaji'e nnnd)er of pi-isoinTs durinii' the 3'ear, the total cost />€>' ctt/n't'i will have Ihhh ^i^T.S.Ur). If, however, the value of the work perfonuetl liv the convicts in and about the buildini«;s is taken into account, the cost jh'r capita Avould ajipear to be reduced to $177.')4. Punish- (ir)8. The followinn" itunishments were awarded in thescvciiil iiieiits . . ' awiinU'l prisons durinn" the vear : — 18.SS. rUNISHMENTS FOR oFFKXCKS COMMlTTKl) WITHIN I'KXITKN TlAKUvS, 1888. Pknitkntiauv. l»e To prived of bacc( 1. Daj-^ Cells. Solitary Cells. FloKKed. K( Lost ^mission. 172 (■)•) 2!) 28 51 ;«5 Oth.T I'lniish- nii'iit.<. Kingston. ... , 1 1 lit 1 51 ^ 1 t 221 15!) 70 11 12 •>s St. Vincent de Pavil. . ,h:.i Dorchester LW Manitohsi British Columbia 4 117 Total 450 23 l.lfJ SOCI.M, ANh OTIIKH STATI.STK S. 41.] -OtluT Piinisliiiu'iitrt" inchuli! iroiiH, hri'jul and water, lianl 1)0(1, I08H of sii|»|u'r, li^ht, scliool, It'ttors and hooks, and ivpi'i- iiiaiuls and adinonitioiis. 'Plici'i' was n t'oiisidcniMc incivast' ill till' imiidn'i' of imnislmu'Mts as coinitartMl witli lH)-i7, Imt |iriii< i|tall;.- in tlic liu'litrr kinds, sufli as lidnionition, loss of )I."il>. Tlic foUowinu; tablo gives the otftMU'cs foi* wliiili < riim^ nf pcrsiiiis wort' coniinittt'd to tim Pcnitcntiarit's in tlu' years 18^7 iss; iiik'i and IS88, and tlio sex of tlie offenders : — ISHH. 1S87 IHHS. 1 in tlie sc\ci'ii I'HIN I'EMTKN JH'KKN'I'KS, ^i''i-l,.S;. Miinlir 1111(1 attt'iiipt ivt 8 Miiiisliiiiditcr M Itllpc 1111(1 (itluT St'XUIll (ltft'll('»'H 14 I'liK'imiy 1 AlHirtiiiii 2 Sliodtiii;; at, ur wuiindiiiK witli intvnt to (in Ixidily harm IS Assault !» Iiinxliiry and rdhlH-ry with violniee "8 Hiirsc, cattle and sliccp stcalin>j 18 otliiT Dtfcnt't'M aj^ainst |>rf information varies in almost each case. (too. Particulars of all persons committed to the Peniten- Particu- tiaries during the years 1887 and 1888 are given in the next t^mvkts table :- {JS;-^ ■i|7'"' 1 r- If >ii !•; •■■■■■:■.• I ,■■ * '^ . . - • ■• |, • .. ■'■ : < .-' f-lj-.- R-.' •- ■ ... ' - ■">'*■ ■fsffl!!!* ■'i.- r, • '■ ,*■' '' w ■ -t * ■ V * ^' ■ ■ " • ..A 4 :.\si'-;- ..•*■ 1 ., :<*'■'. WB-:.:-. ■ ■ '■••■.-■ '.','V 414 CHAPTER X. PARTICULARS OF PERSONS COMMITTED TO THE PENITENTl \l;]FS DURIN(i THE YEARS 1887 AND 1888. Desokiption, White. . Coloured. Indian . . Chine.se . . Married Single Widowed Not given Under 20 years From 20 to 30 years. . " 30 to 40 " " 40 to 50 " " 50 to (50 " Over (50 years ... . Not given 1887 1888. Male. (Female. Total. Male, r'emale.i Total. Ill 4 l-.'O L>(»,s I 24 51 3 r)4 145 t) i:.(i HO 3 S3 25 •> 27 11 3 14 24 .. 24 Caiuiot read 3!> 2(5 187 71 4 43 2(5 187 71 38 12 205 88 2 1 •) 4 41) Read only Read and write Not iriven 13 214 England Scotland Ireland Ignited States 34 8 23 .% 206 2 2 34 8 25 35 208 38 *.) 17 40 223 1 2 2 5 3 1 4 H 41 10 21 40 Canada •'31 Hungary 1 (4ermany France Italy 1 1 1 3 1 (5 2 2 1 1 1 3 I (5 2 2 Denmark Newfoimdland China..... West Indies I 1 4 1 Spain i Commercial Agricultural Industrial Pn)fe88ional Domestic 2(5 23 10« 10 3' 1 26 23 10!) 10 3 156 : 35 18 ! !>1 ! 7 i 5 j 12(5 61 5 2 9 IS 111 t 10 LalK)urer8 Not given 155 12S 70 t * Including 4 half-ljreeds. The proportion of women to the number of men iid- mitted in 1887 was 1*24 per cent., and in 1888, 4*66 per eoiit. KNITENTIAHIKS 1888. Female . Total. 1« m:> io 4 10 i") 1 120 20,S 7 24 1) 3 o 3 1 4 r)4 ir.o S8 •)- -I 14 I 24 40 13 214 !I2 41 10 21 40 8 231 1 •> • ) 1 4 1 3,-1 IS !tl 10 12S 70 5 2 1 I of men ad- '66 per cent. SOCIAL AND OTHER STATISTICS. 415 The proportion of criminals under 20 years of age fell from l8'3o per cent, in 1887 to 15-04 per cent, in 1888. The num- ber vt' Canadians remains about the same, the proportion for the last three years having been 64*68 per cent., 63*60 per cent, and 64*34 per cent. As regard-* the amount of educa- tion i)Ossessed by the criminals of 1888, 60 per cent, could read and write, 11 per cent, could not read, and of no less than 25 per cent, particulars were not given. Roman Catholics num- bered 176; Protestants of some denomination 178, and those of no religion 5. 'i'ho labouring class contributed 35 per cent., the industrial 25 per cent., and of 19 per cent, the occu- pation was not given. i]()l. The number of deaths during 1888 was 13, being just Number of a little over 1 per cent., which is a very low average, especially when the physical condition of many of the offenders is con- sidered, and makes it evident that the prisoners are well attended to. 662. A block of cells is about to be built at Kingston, for the 9*'\^» f«i" , . . '-' location. jiuipose of trying the experiment of isolation or cellular con- iinement both on incorrigible and habitual criminals, as well as on those newly received, and good results are expected in lioth cases. liij:}. The foreffoiiiff fiii'ures relate only to those persons who Criminal ■ . ^ f- • .fi 1 «tati>stics. ivceived sentences ot imprisonment tor two years or over, and were therefore sent to the penitentiaries, while the following tables are compiled from the Criminal Statistics collected by the Dominion Government, which embrace all classes of oftence. The Act authorising their collection came into operation in 187G, and the results at first were meagre. The returns, how- ever, are now much more accurate and complete, but are yet some considerable distance from perfection. It is much to 1)0 regretted that this should be the case, for statistics of crime, when they can be depended on, are not only valuable indica- . ■'»! 1 u *; I'ii iiijki^ -mm ?'; . ,' S> ;■ I i-,-*:^' . .■ • ■■■■ ■■ .' ■•. .■ '" ' 1 j ' ! ■ ■• - ■ • « ■ 1 ■ .' ■■■■i ■ ■ ■> ■». .■■■-. i'V,- IS ■ "'r ■ I «■ •> < 1^ i I- :••• ;.-.^V ^fi:*■■ ( . «■■;»» .',• !• • 1^. ■ >-• ■ , I 416 Classifica- tion of in- dictablf t)ffeiice8. CIIAPTEK N. tions of the social eon lition of ji country, but are also of imuli importance both in the makineiliaiis (Quebec, it is certain that those of minor offences are defiiitnt. 664. The various indictable offences, which comprise tlic more serious crimes, are divided into six classes, as follow :—- Class T. Offences against the person. Class II. (3ffence8 against proijeity, with violence. Cliiss Til. Offences against i)roi»erty, without violence. Class IV. Malicious offences .against )iroi)erty. CJlass V. Forgery, and offences against the currency. Class VI. Other offences not included in the foregoing classes. And the following list gives the principal crimes and offences that are included in each class : — Class I.— Okfencks a(;aixst the I'ehson. Munler and attempt to nnirder. Manslaughter. Sli(x)ting, stabbing, wounding, &c. Rape and other offences against females. Unnatural offences. Bigamy. Abduction. Aasaidt, aggravated and common. Other offences against the jn-rson. Class II.— Okkencks against Proi'Ehtv, with Violence. Robl)ery, with violence. Burglary, house and shop-breaking. Other offences against proi)erty, with violence. Clah.s III.— Okfenckh against Property, without Violence. Horse, cattle and sheep stealing. Larceny. Enil)ezzlement. Felonious receiving Fraud. • i.- () 11. ill. IV. A V. F ■ t " * SOCIAL AND OTHER STATISTICS. 417 '1 ! Clams IV.— Malicious Okfenoks against Prcerty. Miilieious injury to horHOH, cattle and other property. Ai-^on, burning, &c. Class V.— Forgery and Offences against the Currency. Forpfery. OttVnces against the currency. Class VI.— Other Offences, not included in the foregoing Classes. Carrying unlawful weajions. ( Ittcnces against gambling, municipal, liquor and other Acts. Kt'iping disorderly houses and houses of ill-fanie. P.TJury. Smuggling, and offences against the revenue. Otlicr offences, not incliTded in the above classes. 66."). The following table gives the total number of eonvic tioiis of all kinds in Canada, according to the above returns, luring the years ended 30th September, 1884 to 1888. Owing Convic- tions in Canada, 188t-1888. es and oftViicet; to the much greater promptness shown by the various officials in making returns, the statistics of 1888 were able to be com- piled in shorter time than usual, and consequently the figures to '■ 1887 and 1888 are given in the subsequent tables : — TO PAL NUMBER OF CONVICTIONS IN CANADA, 1884 TO 1888. OLKXCK. Offences. for th( 1884. 4,284 228 3,286 274 20 21,459 29,551 C( ". Year t 1885. nivictioi 'nded 30 1886. IS th Septt 1887. smber. 1888. i.- Offences against the j^erson II.— do i)roi)erty, with violence. . . Ill,- do do without violence iV. Malicious offences against property . . . V. Forgery and offences against the cur- rency . . 4,88(> 222 3,5{H> 201 48 24,913 .5,202 255 3,178 269 43 24,927 4,902 208 2,784 176 43 26,340 34,453 4,790 225 3,437 332 45 VI. -Other offences, not included in the iil)ove classes 28,820 Total 33,869 33,874 37,649 666. There was an increase of 579 in the total number of con- Apparent vietions in 1887 over 1886, and of 3,196 in 188,8 as compared ^nvT '" witli 1887, making a total increase of 3,775 over 1886 ; but it *^''"'- must not be inferred from this that there has been a corres- 27 '■f •mmf' M,H "^f .] -•I '■4 I, ■■■■^ .'•j '. '• i^ , I" r- i . . ♦ * .•". .11 1^ < t i. • I. . ..V, . if 418 CHAPTEH X. ponding increase in <)rime, for it will be noticed that tho increase is confined to minor offences, and is the consequence of the more complete returns received, particularly from On- tario and Quebec, which Provinces show a united increase of 5,179 over 1886, the improvements in the returns from Quebec having been very marked. Attention has been called in the ^>fe8s to the apparent excess of crime in Ontario as compared with the other Provinces, but so long as that Province con- tinues to send ^n accurate returns and the other Provinces inaccurate ones, so long will it appear to^av« the largest pro- portion of criminals. Persons 667. It must be borne in mind that the number of eonvic- morethan tions does uot represent a similar number of individujil orimi- '^"^®' nals, because any person convicted more than once during the year, whether for the same jr a different offence, is counted as a separate person for each conviction, and it is well known that for drunkenness, vagrancy and similar offences a number of persons are convicted several times every year. The [lolice returns for the city of Toronto for 1887 furnish an apt ilhistra- tion of this. Out of a total number of 10,597 persons charged, 987 were brought up twice, 520 three times, 131 four thnc!*, 87 five times, 29 six times, 17 seven times, 10 eight times, i nine times, 1 ten times and 1 eleven times, thus reducing the number of individual criminals from 10,597 to 7,477, a reduc- tion of 3,120. It seems a pity that the Police Commissioners have discontinued the keeping of these statistics. Total con- 668. Out of the total number of convictions, 3,253 in 1887 issrTm and 3,747 in 1888 were for indictable offences, showing an increase of 494 in 1888 over 1887, but only of 238 in 1888 over 1886, which was principaliy in Quebec, the increase tiiere amounting to 212. The number of summary convictions were respectively 31,200 and 33,902, being in proportion to the estimated population of 1 in 156 persons and 1 in 14t) persons respectively. The proportion of indictable ott'emes s ,t' 'L SOCIAL AND OTHER STATISTICS. 419 to population in the two years was 1 in 1,498 persons and one in 1,327 persons respectively. The total number of indictable offonces charged in 1887 Avas 4,770, resulting in 3,253 convic- tions, or 68*2 per cent., and in 1888, out of 5,867 charges thiTe were 3,747 convictions, or 63*8 per cent. {W)9. The number of individual criminalscannot beascertained N»»iber of 1 •• 11 r» • 1 n M • 111 crinunals. from the statistics, and, thererore,«in the loUowmg tables the nmnber of convictions only are given, and are treated as indi- viduals. The statistics give only the number of those convicted twice or more than twice, and assuming that no one was con- victed more than three times, the number of criminals in 18>57 would have been 2,421, and in 1888, 3,089, as compared with 2.S20 in 188^. It is probable that the number would be smaller in each year if the exact figures were obtaina])le. lITO. The foHowing; table give^ the sex and residence of '^"x.*"^ persons convicted for indictable offences in the years 1887 and of crimin- ^. als. 1887- SKX AND RESIDENCE OF PERSONS CONVICTED FOR INDICTABLE OFFENCES, 1887. ■tA .'*•:: ■^iM' Okkenceh. Sex. Re.SII)ENX"E. Male. B'eaiale. Cities and Towns. Rural Dis- tricts. Not Given. Chis- I 713 203 1,813 51 43 .. •M) : 21) 5 17i 2 531) 160 1,641 32 30 171) 2,581 11)4 42 323 •) " II (> " 111 90 " IV " V 21 12 1 "VI 43 1 Total 2,1)83 270 J)rf5 1 S7 \>^ I I I 1888. Class I " II " HI 772 223 2,01)9 67 42 1.5!) 50 2 11.8 6 3 126 634 184 1,1)63 46 31 221) 3,087 180 31) 287 25 13 45 8 2 47 "'^::;:: ;:•.:;.: :;:;;::::■:;:;; " VI 2 1 11 Total 3,362 »:5 581) 71 .' h r 1 ' ■■fii! 27J 1 , *• , ^ I* * m 420 Conviction of females. ProjX)rtion of crimin- als in toM n .and coun- try. Age and Education of crimin- als, 1887- 1888. CHAPTER X. 671. The proportions of convictions of females to the total number of convictions was, in 1886, 8*6 per cent. ; in 1887. s-g per cent., and in 1888, 11*2 per cent., and the proportion per 100 convictions of males in the same years was 10*6 per cent., 90 per cent, and 12*7 per cent., respectively, so that there would appear to have been a considerable increase of crime anKMif fern? 5 in 1888. No female has yet been convicted of a prni- ten I .i'y offence either in Manitoba or British Columbia. 672. It is invariably found in these days that cities and towns have an increasing tendency to attract population, and the proportion of convictions among the urban population is con- sequently on the increase, as shown by the following tigiirof* for the years 1886, 1887 and 1888 respectively : in cities and towns 76-77 per cent., 79"34 per cent, and 82*38 per cent. ; in rurr.l districts 22*50 per cent., 19*52 per cent, and 15-71 per cent, of the total number of convictions. 673. The next table gives the number of convictions for indictable offences in each Province in 1887 and 1888, togetlier viith the ages and educational status of the convicted. AGE AND EDUCATIONAL STATUS OF PERSONS CONVICTKD FOR INDICTABLE OFFENCES, 1887 AND 1888, BY PROVINCES. 1887. Provi.ncks. Educationai. Statis. AiiKS. Con- vic- tions. ! Su- lor. Kle- men- tary. Un- able : I l«> Underi Years either Not IG j and to Gi- '. Years, j Under read ven. ' , 21 or , write. M. F. M. F Ontario . ... 1,807 22 Quebec 1,023 15 Nova Scotia. . . 170 4 N. Brunswick. 54 2 Manitoba 70 1 B. Columbia... iid 3 P. E. Island . . 18 Territories 15 47 Total 3,25.3 1,447 839 107 .37 62 40 8 7 2,540 275 141 38 6 21 <) 4% <>3 28 21 9 1 32 1 15 I/O 294 13 70 8 19 1 2 ... 6 ... 3 ... 4 ... .318 107 41 11 11 4 39G 22 498 2(5 14 7 1 48 Ml Years aiul Under 40 40 Years and Over. \(it Ci- ! veil, M. I F. i M. F. M. V 755 51 G 57 22 47 ''I 7 2 73 240 37 249 G 1() G 10 1 5 li 13 li 2 1,4G7 125 535 45 8 271(1 i H. 17 1 2,. 1 14.. 1.. 11.. 59! 8()17 SOCIAL AND OTHER STATISTICS. 421 i to the total ; in 1887. 8-3 )rtion per 100 per cent., !)-0 . there -would crime anioiur ted of a {K'ni- lumbia. ies and towns ;ion, and the ilation is con- (vving ligiiron in cities and per cent. ; in nd 15-71 ptr iivictions for 888, together ted. VVICTKl) FOH VIXCKH. rs er 40 Years and Over. Nut (ii- veil. F. M. F. M. !• 73 240; 45 271(1 37 240 « 10 (5 10 li 5 8, 14 . 17 1 2 li 13 1 2 1 14.. 1 ,. 11 125 535 1 1 5«J 1 8(il7 AiiK AND EDUCATIONAL STATUS OF PERSONS CONVICTED FOR INDICTABLE OFFENCES, Sic.-C2 F. M. 38 48 F 1,767 2i'Ai Itl 390 20 14 14 008 242 37 147 12 220 14 503 53 118 10 25 40 13 27 8 14 10 3 10 2 23 1 1 34 18 18 < 2 12 2 22 " 12 2 10 1 m 1 7 13 5 2 . 30 i 1 (} • > • . (il 12 40 3 14 2 (iO, 6 •) 1 23 4 1 7 5 6 4 I ... 2 3 5r< 37 '1 . . 40 186 568 • ' • 72 450 63 37 2,884 34623 1 1,535 107 10 '•"t 4-!-':^'|:'^ (574. The steady decrease wliich was apparent during the years 1884, 1885 and 1886 in the nuinl^er convicted who could neither read or write has eeased, as in 1886 the pro- portion of these to the total number was 9*60 per eent., hut in 1887 it rose to 15*24 per cent., and in 1888 to 14-81 per cent. It is very probable that increased care in supplying particulars ir* the real cause of this increase. Ars regards ages, the pro- portions of those convicted were as follows : — 1886. 1887. 1888. Per cent. Per cent. Per cent. Uunder 16 years 11 0«( 12 84 1606 16 years and under 21 16 (H 16 78 18 55 21 years and under 40 .50-66 48 - 03 46 ' 22 40 years and over 17-02 1826 13-60 The above figures would seem to indicate an increase in youthful depravity which is not encouraging, more especially as the increase is corroborated by the figures for 1884 and 1885, which were 10-13 per cent, and 10-24 per cent, respecti- Number unable to read or write. Criminals under 16, (111'. I T" r, •■ ■ i^ii'I- !■;•■•' ( ' "•■]."• v^l J •'■-'■■■• ' -■ ■' j,. -{!?;•■ -. < ■ k ; • .■ .* ^?'^ In.;'-' .0/> ■: ' I ■■"•■> ■■■^.^'■.. |,M.VvV:,:.-.v ... II":--- 'rl^-'\ :">-'. ■'■ h ' ■ ■-^^■f-- 422 CHAPTER X. vely. Out of 418 young criminals under 16 years convicted of indictable offences, 329, or 78 percent., were charged with larceny. of*crm^»iif- ^'^^' ^^^ "^^^ table givewthe religions of those convicted of ais, 1887 indictable offences in 1887 and 1888 : J Or 8 RELIGIONS OF PERSONS CONViCTED FOR INDICTABLK OFFENCES, 1887 ANi> 1^88. 1887. OFKENt'KS. Class I . . . " II . " III. " IV " v.. " VI Total , Baptists Roman ^^'''^^ Me- thtxl- ists. Pres- byter- ians. Pro- test- ants. 17 4 50 2 2 7 82 376 i 104 82 44 955 331 18 6 11 12 88 25 1,529 522 88 .58 ; 49 35 17 10 224 131 . 122 9 9 1 4 5 6 1 36 11 15 1 Other De- Xdt nomi- (Jiv- na- fii. tions. at ')•) ;) 11 112 ■)!) 2 3 23 397 I 232 201 170 I 12(1 1888. 5 I* J M' ■ 1 , >■*.-:' . . V . . . ' i t'4 r'MWk Class 1 " II 18 10 418 116 1,136 20 17 100 123 37 394 8 14 61 79 26 219 16 3 34 58 17 171 8 5 32 62 t 117 7 1 15 29 5 " III " IV " V " VI 70 3 2 7 102 8 2 10 Total 110 1,807 637 377 291 209 156 I 3 1 2»; Pro|)or tions of 676. The following were the proportions of those convicted prindi'lai belonging to the four leading religious denominations in 1886, religions. ]887 and 1888 :— Roman Catholic Church of England . Methodist Presbj'tenan 1886. 1887. 1888. Per cent. Per cent. Per cent. 4417 4700 48 22 15 81 16 05 17 00 9-88 12-20 10-(M; 800 713 776 jars convictt'd charged witli 1 15 1 10 2(1 209 1.5'' i'-\' 11.1 J. i«'-, ..• j* f"i:'ij'^''' ''.1 m-, .■■■• .... ■■■i ■■ -1 '''■':■■: ■* • •1 1 .,,■;. ' .. : • ' •• ' ■» K : '•i !"4 ■ • • ■, '.;t V p.- ■■ ■ ■ . I.' r^'^ '■'.^■^^•'• If ii i •v.. ' >' I 424 CHAPTKR X. Tho proportions havo varied vory little during tlir iln'^.^ years. tiou"'of ^^^' ^^'^* occupations of those convicted are given Ix-luw :— . ?«!I"'V& OCCirPATIONS OF PERSONS CONVICTED FOR INDICTAI'.rj !««( l«w. OFFENCES, 18.S7 AND IHHH. 1H«7. Incom- plete re- turns. Okkenckm. Class I . . . II. III. IV. V VI. OCCI'PATIONH. Agricul- tural. 80 9 02 8 4 10 Com- mercial DonieH- InduH- Profen- tic. I trial. Hioiial. I 100 15 117 6 14 28 39 ' 8 148 1 1 30 163 39 270 I 3 I 34 Total. 173 280 227 I 499 2(5 3 24 1 4 9 LalN>nr- Nut ei-M. |l. 284 till 88 4ii 950 m 22 i:. 15 •) 73 ;j!t 1,432 .)(.! 1888. ClaH8 I 70 97 W) 1.52 " II 4 8 8 51 " III 02 190 180 224 " IV 7 3 10 " V 4 9 3 8 " VI 7 37 341 23 17 Total 154 283 4()2 27 2 33 '"4' 6 339 103 908 23 14 04 1,451 411 7lM) ;<(i ;< 131 !t.S4 The lahourers and the industrial and commercial olassis furnish the largest number of crimhials, and the following liavo been the proportions of these classes to the total number (lin- ing the three years, 1886, 1887 and 1888. 188«>. 1887. 1888. Labourers 44 i)er cent. 44 j>er cent. 38 i)er cent. Industrial 15 " 15 " 12 " Commercial 8 " 8 " 9 " 679. In the three yi^ai'b above named no less than 21 [ler cent., 17 per cent, and 26 per cent, of the immber oonvicttd were returned with the occupations not given, showing the very unnecessary carelessness of those making the returns. SOCIAL AND OTHER STATISTK'S. 425 ivt'H Ijcli.w ;__ .'DICTAHM, 1 i ( 1 i 1 Lalx.ur- Not ere. (Jivfii. 284 (ii. HH 4,; 22 1.-, 1-) 73 ;«) 1,432 .-,75' 33!t 103 JMW 23 14 ()4 l,4r)l 71 4!) 7lM( ;< VM !tS4 lercial elassfs tbllowing Iiavt- ,1 iiumlier diir- 1888. 38 iier cent. 12 " U " ; than 21 iier iber convictfil , showing the le returns. t;80. The vtirious sentoiicen passed on the peraons convicted HMitenceH ill 1887 and 1888 were as follow :— 1887 1888. Death Penitentiary, two yearn and under five. " five yearn and i>ver life (iatil, with optiun of a fine " under ot>e year " one year and over Syjt to refonuatorieM SentenceH deferred N'arioiw Hentencex 1887. 4 24!) i)l :< r)43 1,717 2()1 lfi7 28 Number. 1888. <) 231 117 :Mi 1,887 180 21« »r»8 48 Total convictionH 3,2r)3 3,747 1 (;81. Between the Ist July, 1867, and the 3rd June, 1888, Numi)erof there have been 78 persons executed in Canada, and the follow- executed, ing- table gives all the available particulars concerning them : — i**«»< i*<8. PERSONS KXKCIITKD IN CANADA, 18G7-1888. Hkhidknck, Ot'cri'ATION AMI SkX. Tutiil nuinl)er executed Residence — Cities and towns. . . . Rural (liMtricts Occiipiition— Agricnlturti.l Commercial liniiistrial LalKKU'ers Professional Not ^'iven Sex ~ Male Female Hirtliidaee - Canada ... Ki)j{land Ireland Scotland 18()8 to 1888. 32 4(i 11 1 5 16 o BlHTHIM..\('K, RkLUMON, &C. Cim. 'J I 43 77 1 55 3 1 1 Birthplace- France (ieruiany China United States . . . Not given Religiori— Roman Catholic . Protestant Not given Conjugal State— Married Single Widowed Not given Oflfence^- Murder High treason. . . . 18<}8 to 1888. 1 2 3 2 10 13 n GO 3;^ 12 2 31 77 1 Of the above number 15 were Indians executed in the North- West Territories and British Columbia. I'M *■ ■f.' ^^i^^aq^ * * • } ■ ^.j.^ J/ ■ i\ ••i *' v> • » A .!■.; ■.'•- v.- • t * • ' _ , n , ,:-., • \ ■'•■ • U'.'. '"(\ ••■J>-'V'' 426 Huiiuiiary convic- tion H. CHAPTKR X. The largest number executed in any one year was 12 in 1885, the year oi the North-West Rebellion, and next laiircwt wan 9 in 1881. There were no executionHin 1871 and 187:,, 682. In 1887 there were 31,200 summary convictions, of which 29,190 were commitments to gaol with the ojition (»t'u fine, and 1,297 without that option ; and in 1888 the total (on. victions were 33,902, of which 31,276 were with and 1.S25 without the option of a fine. The proportion of convicts jier 1,000 of population remainn low, when compared with otlior countries, as for the years 1886, 1887 and 1888 it was &U, 6*40 and 6*82 respectively. 688. Assuming, in the absence of information to tlio con. trary, that all those charged with indictable ott'ences were com- mitted for trial, the following figures will show the proportion per 1,000 of population of those committed and of thortc ion- victed during the last three years. 18W1. ConimitmentH 1 14 Con viction>s 73 18«7. 1888. ((•97 1 18 «6 0-75 Commit mentH in 684. In England and Wales in 1888 the commitments per Engiand 1 OUO Were 0*47, and convictions 0'36, and in the United Kiiii;- ancIWales. dom in the same year they were respectively O'oO and 0-;}7 per 1,000. Total con- 685. The following table gives the number of convictions for victionssby ... iVovinces, indictable ofl:ences and the number of summary convictions in 18K7 1888. each Province in 1887 and 1888, according to the returns :— SOCIAL AND OTHBR STATI8TICg. 427 n to tlic con- es were coni- le proportion of thoge con- CONVICTIONS BY PROVINCKS, 1HH7 AND 1H88 INDICT ABLK OKKKNCKH. 1887. Okkknckm. Onta-' Que- Nova rio. Itec. Hit)tia JInrdir, attcinittH at, and inaiiHlatigliter. . . R;i|it' ami oth»'r offeiifi-M njtaiiiHt femaleH. . . , . . 24 lltlitT otFciict'H agaiiiMt tllf IKTHOIl. 92i) RiiliU'ry with violence, liurgliiry, hontte ami sliitp lin-aking 127 Horse, lattle atul Mheej stftiiiii^' I 27 Otlier ntft'iiceH aj ]3 .'il 02 n 12 1,!K«» 3 lo! 16.''* 70 06 18 16 3,2r)3 1888. >nvictioiis for onvictions in i returns : — Murder, attemntu at,' ;iiid mimslaugnter. . . i 8 R,a|ie and other off enceH i iij:iiiiii , ■« -;^" •■[.:■: .'. -v'-^. ■'■■*"■- • ' • \ ■■■ • 1- ' •• ■., '■ .-■'* \. •I- ♦-•Wvi,'- ,. ■ . It . « ^1/ '• ». 1, ■ • ' i » ' ••■; .• ,1 428 CHAPTER X. SUMMARY CONVICTIONS, 32-as VIC, CHAPTERS 31, 32, ;«. :{4, 1887. OkKENC'ES. Assault on females .... Various offences against On- tario. Que- Nova liec. Scotia 11 2,47« 1,0») the i)erson Various offences against proiierty 343 90 Breach of municipal by-laws and other minor offences ; !»,701 3,427 Drunkenness | ♦>,200i 2,947 Total Grand Total 18,823 ^030 7,504 8,527 209 31 394 462 1,096 1,266 New Bruns wick. 2 25)5 33 465 1,011 1,806 1,860 Mani- toba. Brit- ish Col- umbia 50 237 529 821 P. K. '„ Till Island p'.'' .tones. Can- iwla. 49 9 317 261 636 21 6 191 274 IS] 4,142 ' M7 7i 14,82!) I io:ii,(;!t4 492 891; 732 510 22l31,20()| 37 34,4.53 j 1888. Assault on females .... 10 1 11 Various offences against the jxTson 2,3il8 1,008 193 289 37 21 34 17 ;i,iin; Variousoffenci-s against projjerty 477 255 53 58 7 8. 3 sdi Breach of nuuiicipal by-laws and other 1 1 minor offences 11,395 3,365 376 .513 158 278 135 4»> i(;,2(«; Drunkenness 6,633 3,360 501 1,123 1,203 1,141 479 370| 677 287 456 469 m 102 12,H<»7 Total 20,873 7,989 2,001 «581 3;i,'.Hi2 (irand Total ... 23,017 9,190 2,072 748 799 151 37,(HII Convic- tions for indictable offences, li>y Provinces . 686. The proportion of convictions for indictable ott'eiices per 1,000 persons in each Province, in the years 1880, 1887 and I 88!^, was as follows : — Ontario C^ueliec Nova Scotia New Brunswick Manitoba British Columbia Prince Kdward l.sland. The Territories 188(). 1887. 18H8. (Mi •85 ■!l!t •(W •70 •81 21 •a5 ■It; ■19 ■16 ■2<) •71 ■57 •4!t •70 ■81 8!) 33 ■15 ■11 ■77 •15 ■4S ,S 31, 32, ;<;j. :{4. P. K. iHland Til.. Teni- torii's. i 21 1 fi 1 4 Cai.. ada. 101 274 IS! 4,142 I .M7 7i 14,82!l 10 11,(1!I4' 4rt2 510 22i31,20()l 37 34,453 ! 34 135 l)| 287 456 40!) 17 i :v.'"i7 8(11 4« U:M 3t; 12,*I7 102| 3;i,!H)2 1511 37, Will lictable ott'eiices iars 1880, 1887 M>. 1887. 18H«. i '85 !»!» ^ -70 ■81 L -asi ■It; ) l»i •2() L '57 •4!l ) '81 8!) i 15 ■11 r -15 •48 SOCIAL AND OTHER STATISTICS. The proportions fluctuate considerably in some of the Provinces, though Quebec shows a gradual increase, and Man- itoba and Prince Edward Island a steady decrease. There is not much doubt that the increase in Quebec is due to more complete returns, this Province having been very remiss in earlier years. 687. The total number of convictions for drunkenness dur- ing the years 1886, 1887 and 1888 were 11,156, 11,694 and 12,807, respectively, the numerical increase being apparently large, but the proportion per 1,000 persons not varying very much, the figures for each year being 2"33, 2*40 and 2*57. Im- proved returns again have undoubtedly to an&v>^er T >r some portion of the increase. 688. According to the returns for 1888, convictions for drun- kenness were made in the several Provinces, in proportion to population, as follow : — 420 Total con- victions for drunk- enness, 1880-1887 and 1888, Manitoba, New Brunswick, ( hitario, British Columbia, Prince Edward Island, (Quebec, Nova Scotia, 1 conviction in every 284 (H-rsons 1 " 303 1 " '\Hi 1 " .3«)8 1 " 420 1 " 441 1 " tM;7 Convic- tions for drunken- ness by Provinces, 1888 Manitoba still heads the list, but under improved circum- stances, the proportion having steadily decreased during the last four years. British Columbia stands more favourably in the list, owing probably to the completion of the Canadian Pacific Railway, and the consequent departure of numbers of navvies. l!Tova Scotia is still the most temperate Province, but the returns are not what they ought to be. It is most pro- bable that there are a certain number of convictions for drunkenness in every Province, not even excepting Ontario, of which no returns are made ; and such returns might change the above figures, though possibly not the order. 689. The following table gives the total number of convic- Convic- tions of all kinds in the several Provinces in the years 1884 to kinds by 1888, together with the kind of sentence imposed : — isM^-im 1^ - •'■•!H ■ :-i:\ -• 1; :■ ir *■ J ! f . ;- T* J i: ^ -.'' « . ■ t . no« >:. 1 ^ r ' 4 I' 1 . % .4 Hi •' ( , ' IM 430 CHAPTER X. Provinces. Ontario . Quebec Nova Scotia New Brunswick Manitoba British Columbia Prince Edward Island , The Territories Year ended 30th Sept. f 1884 I 1885 1880 1887 1888 ( 1884 i 1885 ; 18m 1887 I 1888 ( 1884 i 1885 -I ias(> 1 1887 I 1888 J 1884 I 1885 -i 1880 I 1887 I 1888 (, 1884 1885 188(; 1887 I 1888 r 1884 I I 1885 ■; I 188<5 I 1887 I 1888 1884 1885 1880 1887 1888 I (• 1884 I 1885 ; 188(5 I 1887 I 1888 Total Convic- tions. Sentenck. Committed to Peni- ten- tiary. 10,284 20,01»7 19,174 20,030 23,017 1 0,1»2 7,223 7,854 8,527 , <.»,11K) 1,420 i 1,701 1,542 , 1,2M : 1,203 2,450 2,047 2,170 '■ 1,800 I 2,072 2,148 1,«W3 1,411 891 748 485 297 •.►99 732 799 627 698 0.58 159 211 227 148 158 121 114 135 101 110 15 40 » 34 22 23 20 22 23 25 10 18 15 11 13 19 32 18 25 (4aol or Fimnl. 510 ■■■■4': 409 39 10 123 02 (W 10 37 4 151 4 l,5,8(i4 19,392 18,33!) 20,005 22,148 5,901 6,479 7,190 7,!K)9 8,415 1,401 1,634 1,402 1,138 1,151 2,430 2,004 2,143 1,817 2,000 2.133 1,048 1,330 845 (W3 469 276 J>35 097 7(iO .521 094 (i54 mi 467 22 41 40 31 133 Refor- ma- tories. Deatli 73 74 79 91 128 76 81 72 09 83 Vari- ■ oils ; Sen- ' teiiwa 1S2 41S 527 .385 5S1 !I4 'AH 4r)7 448 582 3 23 114 8(1 24 3 Hi 11 20 41 5 17 (id 35 f,8 2 2 28 !.■) 12 o 4 3 SOCIAL AND OTHER STATISTICS. 431 i Vari- Deatli 73 74 79 91 128 76 81 72 69 83 4 2 7 5 1 ...... t t 1 1 Sen- teiice,s 1 1S2 418 527 .385 581 04 548 457 448 582 3 23 114 S() 24 3 111 11 2(J 41 5 17 .35 .',« 2 2 2X V) 12 4 13 3 2 !( ti90. The following table shows the number of persons con- Persons confined in fined in common ffaols and prisons of the several Provinces in county goals and 1888 as far as returns were available. As the Provinces differ prjspns, 1888, as to the dates to which their returns are made up, it has not been possible to give these particulars at a date common to all but they have been brought as close together as possible : Pkovinces. No. of Gaols. Date. 1 1 No. Confined. Total. Male. Female. Oiitiirio *54 24 22 15 3 3 3 1888. Sept. 30.. Dec. 31.. June 30.. do 30.. 890 362 118 44 .S.56 179 15 14 1,246 541 Qiu'Ih'C Nova Scotia New Brunswick Manitoba 133 58 Briti.ih Columbia t)ct. 31 . . 109 Prince Edward Island June 30. . 18 1,414 Total 124 564 2,105 * Including Central Prison and Mercer Refonnatory, Toronto. Only three counties in Xova Scotia and New Brunswick noiflccted to supply the information requested, and with these exceptions the returns, as far as given, may be considered com- plete. If the number of prisoners in 1887 in Manitoba be taken for 1888, viz., 48, the total would be increased to 2,153. These figures, taken in conjunction with the prisoners in the peniten- tiaries, show that on 30th June, 1888, one in eveiy 1,531 of tlie population was in prison at that time. (JOl. There are 15 asylums for the insane in Canada, which Asylums . ^or the in- aie supported almost entirely l)y Government, and, in some sane. cases, municipal aid, and the following table gives some parti- ciihirs concerning them : — ii^: .. I ...,'-ih " 1 ■, . fl4;;IJ''fVr-:;.:l.v» ■ I <> MMi'^ ..■ :■• - W'-'i ■"■a'-'j '". '■.'' '■, .■,-i.. .•I'.'' ■ ' ■ . ;5 ••;■■*>,■■.■ ■ • ■■ ;.:^---^:^^ r r ■ M ; <■■; . ;' . ..■ :. ^W ■*. . ' I • 1 - . ■ ' : '■■ ■''■' :•>; rii•'=• •■■ (.4 ... - ' ■•. •> ^j,-- ■:■ y; .' li , > ■ •• • s ' .1'': * Including 110, sex not given. + Including 70 sex not given. In addition to the number given above tneve wero 100 insane in the Halifax Citv Asyhim and Poor House. Xo w- turns are available from New Brunswick. Nunii^rof 692. Ill Ontario, on 30th Septemb , 1888, there were :1,1:'.7 jH-rsous of . . , T . unsound per-joiis in the Provincial Asylum«i. and 14 in the lloniewood mind un- der re- Retreat, Guelph, 31 insfine convicts at Kingston and 130 in.^nne straint in *"" Ontario, persous in tlie common gaols, making a total of 3,312 persons of unsound mind under public accommodation in the Province on thai date. Public 603. The following table gives some particulars concerning institu- the principal public charitable institutions in Canada, 1888 : — tions, 1888. . •■ • !•■ • ;• rn.„,r of f aths . tiuii lit' Dentils to /Pntnl Nuiiilii'riif llUimtes. 182 144 121 ! 4 (;2 :. !i4 •-'(• (11 3 450 (i 27 re -wero 100 nise. Xo IV- fe were :),1;17 3 lloinewood id 130 insnne 1,812 persons the Province rs concerning xla, 1888 :— SOCIAL AND OTHER STATISTICS. PUBLIC CHARITABLE INSTITUTIONS IN CANADA, 1888. Inmatks ani» Dkath.s. Insi 111 I'lox.s «Y Pkovincks. Ontario— lifiii Till Hos]>itals ]).af k Dumb Institution, I'l.llcvilie niiiul Institution, Brant- toid Hiiiises of Reflipt) ()i|iliiin Asylums Dtaf it Dumb Institutions Inilustrial and Keforma- tory 8ch2 02 l,37(i l,5'.l(t , 3 130 240 8 714 453 1 1 1 1 524 44 153 31 20 12 2 *14 *11 1 5(i8 272 I I'ropor- Number Number ti(jn of of I of Deaths to Inmates' Deaths, total mnu- ' bertreated 8,292 2()4 15(J 2,302 3,452 385 1,107 __ 1 077 75 85 32 *25 840 582 7 02 180 127 7 02 3-08 14 47 1'20 94 22 25-88 7-98 483 l(o particulars are available of the General Hospital in Montreal, or of the charitable institutions in Quebec other than those given, but the figures for the other Provinces cor- rectly represent the public charitable iubtitutions in the same. Ontario is the only Province that furnishes full details of its various institutions,^*' and therefore no figures can be used for comparison either by Provinces or for the whole Dominion. 094. The following table gives the receipts and expenditure Receipts oftlio several institutions in 1888, distinguishing between ("tov- liiturellf" ernment aid and other receipts : — charitable institu- tions, 1888. *Vredericton institution only. ** lleijort on A sylums. Prisons and Public Charities, Ontario, 1888. hj I'll ■■ :« 28 i:fi--r^'-i.. «''■;'•' ,^ » . ' • ' 1 ,M ■i.' ■ ' ■',-il::•^•;i .' ■,' j- ! « • '■'*'.* . ." ' • ! .■*"'.• * ■ -.* „ ,1 ■" ■ .«• f'. ." ■■ '*■ >':j w: :. ;..v,- ^f.-.'r. ■. :K.-- 434 CHAPTER X. UKCKirTS AM) KXPENDITURE OF PRINCIPAL AHYLIMS WD PrBLTC CHARITIKS IN CANADA 18.S.S. lNHTiTni''.N"H in Pkovinck.s. Rr.cfciii'M. GoMTiinif 't Ontario — (lemral Hospitals •••■•; • • ■ Deaf and Dumb JnHtitutitni, Pn l!<-vilU' Blind Institution, P)r;intford , Houses of Refuge Orplian Asylums Asylums for thi- Insane (^uelx'C — Deaf and Dumb Institutions Tt\dusti'ial and Reformatory Seh(M)ls. . , Asylums fwi the Insuive Nova Scotia — (ti-nt r-vl Hospital. ■...•_ lA'uf au'l Dumb !!i!s for ti.e Insane \(\v iirunswick — IVaf and Dumb Tnstitiition Miiuitoba — (leueral Hospital Asylum for the Insane, Selkirk Britisli Colu:ubia — Asylum for the Insane (!.'< f.74 4.' . M7 3(>,710 35,210 Hi,4ri;; ;i!Kt,735 Other Sou ices. 121,442 None. None. M7,512 !i'i,n',i Kxpciiiliti 1I1S,.-|,S1 ii.iitir »l,71ii lls.7;i; 1L':V.MH i.'.ii.ar;! * Including Loan ()f $7,500. t Frederictou Institutitm only. :J: Including *()><,J")70 numicipal aid. § Balance unexpended, .SI, 370. li No returns. The funds derived from other sources are generall}- made up of patients' fees, subscriptions and donations, and in someensos municipal aid, the amount derived from patients' fees being in many cases very small indeed. (Jovern- 695. Tho abovc figures show a Government expenditmo of i.enditure $972,777, and if $20,000 is added for the Asylum for tho In- sane in Manitoba, the expenditure being practically all Govoni- ment aid, and $39,316 for Government aid to charities generally in Quebec, we have a total Government expenditure of $1,032.- 093. This amount, less the general aid in Quebec, will give the sum of $39.74 per head of persons treated during the year as paid by the State. i8YLl'MS AND 8. tiier KxiM'iiilitiuv luceH. j 1 i 1 .s 121,442 None. None. .S7,512 !I!>,0',1 li)s„-i,si ii.',ii;7 »i.71ii 11S.77H t:.:i,;ir;< 11 .... 7!I.SL'lV •J31,il7S 2,r)4(t . • H . • • - l.'7.'J(l'.i ll.;!44 ij:r)3,673' tl,854 t;f.:i:iii *30,72K ..11 ... I'.I.Slll iM.iiti; i;l(i,.')!lii ■ndwl, .«!l,;^7i». iicrally made u}i lid in some eiises :s' fees beinsi' in expenditure of dum for tlio In- ally tdl GoYom- urities genorally iture of $1,032.- uebeo, will give luring the year ^SOCIAL AND OTHER STATISTICS. 435 i;!Hj. Between the years 1867 and 1888 the Government of cnem- tlic Province of Quebec has spent $894,364 for hospitals, |',!'il,'iiture ^l,:i:]5,085 for reformatories and industrial schools, and $3,816,- '" '^""''**''- 1140 for lunatic asylums, making a total of $5,946,389. MISCELLANEOUS. (!!i7. By the Canada Temperance Act, 1878 (commonly -riic Can- kii(»wii as the " Scott Act," from the name of the member who i".!",,,,','."' introduced it), it is provided that any county or city may ■^^'^• petition the Governor General in (Jouncii praying that the Act shall be put in force in such county or city. Such petition must be signed by at least one-fourth of all the electors in the district sipplying. A proclamation is then to be issiued. naming II (lay on which the votes of the electors are to be taken for or iigf.iiist the adoption of the petition, at which election only [lorsoiis qualitied to vote at the election of a member of the House of Commons are entitled to vote. If the adoption of the petition is carried, an Order in Council may be issued Ininging into force that part of the Act which provides " that '•no person shall, within such county or city, by himself, his "elevk, servant or agent, ex[>ose or keep for sale, or directly or "iinlirectly, on any pretence or upon any device, sell or barter, "or ill consideration of the purchase of any other property, "!>ivc to any other person any intoxicating liquor." Certain provisions are made for the sale of wine and intoxicating lif[nor for sacramental, medicinal and mechanical purposes, and tor the disposal of the manufactures of brewers and distillers. Siieh Order in Council cannot be revoked until after the expir- ation of three years, and then only on a similar petition and election, and if the result of the first election is against the ailoption of the petition, no similar petition shall be put to the vote of the electors for a like period of three years. It is also provided that every person who by himself or another violates the above provision against the sale of intoxicating liquor •M|, 'f' t;i l> • • * " » 1 ' - . ■;f ■li'i ■ I ! 28J mm- rill J ^^ ■ ••• ' .■ ■.■! S;>i5''-3''';' '■■ "'I .' , 't---ti'v':r.;T:..:. . ■ . w. .<■•'■;■• )v R .1 .'1. . ''-"■ r:^.:;.:_^l .ii:"-i'. J.-i*:■:^4^^l,.■'■' : . 1 * •3' ,i^v'y-< v:' ».• ■ iV .....■• !. 436 PlawH in wliidi t\w Act lias iH'eii sub- inittwl. CHAPTER X. shall, on conviction, be liable, for the first ofl'ence, to a fine of $50, for the second offence, $100; and for the third and every subsequent offence, imprisonment not exceeding two moiitlis. 098. Much diversity of opinion exists as to the result oftho working of the Act, and no reliable statistics are availalilu showing the inimber of convictions for drunkenness in dist ricts for periods when the Act was and was not in force, and onlv by such means can the results be, even approximately, aii'uod at. The following particulars, however, of the results of the various elections that 1 ave been held under the Act, since ir came into force, will doubtless be interesting to some, as sliow- ing the movement of pooular opinion regarding the Act : — STATEMENT SHOWINc; THE NVilvIP':?. V.V PLACES IX WHirii Tl||: "CANADA TEMPERANCE ACT" HAS BEEN VOTEJ) ON SINci; 1878, AND THE RESULT OF THE VOTINO IN EACH CASE. Place. Votes Polled. For. Against. 1878. Fre(lerict()n(City)N.B. York, N.B Prince, P.E. I 1879. ■ Charlotte, N.B Carleton, N.B Charlottetown, P.E.I. Albert, N.B King's, P.E.I. Lambton, Ont. King's, N.B. < Queen's, N.B Westmoreland, N.B.. Megantic, ilw. 1880. Northumberland, N.B., Stanstead, Que Queens, P.E.I Marquette, Man Digby.N.S 403 1,221> 1,7«2 8C7 1,21.'} 837 718 1,076 2,rA\7 7J)8 315 1,082 372 875 7(50 1,317 «12 944 203 211 271 149 (59 253 114 59 2,352 245 181 299 844 673 941 99 195 42 Majority. For. AKiiiiist. 200 1,015 1,491 718 i,i4t; 584 (i04 1,017 215 553 l;i4 783 472 202 1,218 417 902 181 ;. f. ., . . SOCIAL AND OTHER STATISTICS. 437 iiee, to a tinc of hinl and (>vorv ^ two months. he result of tlio 8 are availalik' mess in flistn^■t^ force, and only mately, arrived e results of the he Act, since it some, as sIkw- ^ the Act :— IX WHICH TIIK OTEJ) ON SINCi; ACH CASK. M.ajority. For. Against. 200 1,015 1,4!>1 718 l,14ti 584 (i04 1,017 215 55a i;u 783 202 471' 1,218 417 !J02 181 STA rKMKNT SHOWING THE NUMBER OF PLACES IN W^HICH THE CANADA TEMPERANCE ACT " HAS BEEN VOTED- CnnclwUil. Plack. 1881. Quern's, N.S SmiliiiiT, N.H Slii'lliunie, N.S Ijs^rai', Man llaiiiilton (City) Out. . Kiiws N.S.. ; Haiti 111, Ont^ .\iiiia|M)li^, N.S Wtiitwiirth, Ont CuIilicsttT, N.S fajK' Hn'ton, N.S limits, N.S Wclliiiid, Ont Laiiilitdu, Ont 1882. Invi'nu'>s, N,S . . . IVtoii, N.S St. .Idlin, N.B Fivilcricton, N.B. 1883. Ciiiiilu'rland, N.S. 1884. I'lincCountv, P.E.I Vanni)\ith, N.S ll.vfdid, Ont .\rtliahii8ka. Que Westmoreland, N.B Haltdu, Ont Siiiicoc, Ont . . . . Stiinstead, Que Charlottetown, P.E.I StuniKint and Dundas, Ont. IVel. Out ' Bruet', Ont Huron, Ont Ihitferin, Ont Prinw Edward, Ont Yiu-k, N.H Keiifrt'W, Ont Xoifolk, Ont Ciiuipton, Que liiant, Ont VoteH I'olled. For. Against. 7n.s 170 807 247 1,()01 1,478 1,48;^ 1,111 I, (ill 1,418 7;«t 1,082 1,010 2,8.57 IMiO 1,555 1,074 203 l,58 2Sllb 1,701 1,7(57 4,52i> 075 715 2,884 l.OftJ) 3,189 4,304 1,100 1,(5.53 (555 1,018 1,(504 1,620 1,088 Majority. For. Aj^ain.st. (581 135 (5.53 127 1,370 81 !I!N) 1,234 523 0!H) 854 1,102 41 1,208 1,874 1,101 775 1,252 73 180 1,183 325 40 1,700 1,312 1,(553 705 .523 730 1,087 (502 1,150 508 7(58 105 104 125 ■ 1 ■ 488 ..jii J,'!. ••- .« ir • u A . •- • •>'•'■■♦;...■■ %.'■' i : ■■■■' . ,;.«^::''i'^'-i, :."■;' , . . - > ■ •' •^ ; , ■ . * ■ .'■ . «■«. •■ i 4:18 CHAPTER X. STATK.MKX'I' SIIOWIXC Xr.MHKK OF I'i.AC^KS I\ WHICH 'I'H : ••( .\N. ADA TK.MI'KKANCK ACT" HAS IVKEN VOTED ON HINCK isys. itc Contiiinnl, I' LACK. 18h4- Cnncliukd. r.niiitford (City), Out Lteds and Ort'iivilU', Out . . i,H«r). Kfiit, Ont Lanark, ( )nt Lenudx and Addin^ton, Ont Bionif, Que (luelph (City), Ont Carlt'tim, Ont Nortlninilxrland and Dutliani, Ont. Dnuiunoni Qno Elgin, ( )ni Lanihton, Ont St. Tht.niaH, Ont Mis«is(ju()i, Que Wellington, ( )nt. . . Cliic'dutinii, Que KingHton (City), Ont Entntenac, ( )nt Lincoln, ( )nt IVrtii, Ont Middlesex, ( )nt ( fuyslxn'o', N.S Hastings, Ont H.aldiniand, Ont ( >ntario, Ont Victoria, Ont ... ... I'eterVHirougli, ( hit Eredericton, N.U Argenteuil. «iue Prescott and Russell, Ont. . . ISSC). I'outiac, <^Me St. John (City), N.li. . . St. John (County), N.H, I'ortland, N.B Charlottetown, r.E.I. Votes VoHe.!. Eor. Against. iUti 5,05« 4,3<}S 2,047 1,224 ti!»4 2,440 (►.ono 1,1{M) 3,33r» 4,405 754 1,142 4,.")10 1,157 785 l,.'i34 2,0«0 3,3G8 5,745 4(>3 2,3(«) 1,755 3.412 2,407 1,015 20H 526 1,535 .533 1,010 4(»7 ()<)7 (589 H12 4,3H4 1,075 2,027 2,011 73{» .-)2(i 1.747 3.K«J3 170 1,470 l,."v40 743 1,107 3,08() 52t» 842 003 1,4!M) 3,530 2,370 31 2,370 2,0<)3 2,0<;i i,r>02 1,55>7 285 001 3,131 035 1,t. 074 2,303 400 30 485 KW 003 2,187 1,020 1,8.-)C> 2,010 11 1,430 028 041 .570 3,375 432 1,3.51 005 408 13 43 147 . 20 Itiii it;.s :((is (•I i,.".!h; 41 >2 SOCIAL AND OTHER STATISTICS. 430 ON S|N( K |s7,s. ^fftjority, For, Against, (J74 11)11 •i,3!»3 4*m; 86 485 IflS fi03 2,1H7 1,020 i,,sr.t! 2,!ll!» 11 1^430 ■J.I (>L'H ' ' im , •). 670 1 l(;,s 3,375 432 :i(is i,3.')i y65 408 ! 18! '.'.'.'.'.'.'.'. (■I 1,.",ih; 43 147 1 1 ST\I'KMKNT SHOWINC Nl .ui^KU OK I'LACKS IN WHICH THK "CAN- \|)A TKMl'KUANCK ACT" HAS »KKN VOTKD ON SIN'CK 1K78, I'l-ACK. 188K. ArtliabiiMkii, (}m' liiucr, Out DiillViiii, Out Halinn " Htiioii " .VMvtolk " Il.iifivw " i;i( limoiid, (-Ixw Staiistcad " Siiiicdc, Oni Sturiiioiit aixl DiuidaH, Out. Wrstniort'laiid, N.H 188!>. (City). r.miit. Out. .. ('Milctoii, Ont. FliiIltcIUK! " . K.iit " LMllllltdll " MMlillesex " ., \'ictiiria " Oxford " DniiiiiUDiul, (jiiif (Intario, Out Liiiculn " liiids and (Trt^nville, Ont . . . , I'ltiihdroupfh, Ont NuitliunilttTland, Ont Lanark, Ont Ldiiiux and Addington, Ont. r..|clu'ster, N.S Willinjfton, Ont St. Tlioinas " FiiMlcrioton, N.li VoteH PolU'd. F 3,155 5,208 2,404 1,008 1,2H!» 1,441 1,082 2,407 547 1,770 1,177 1,000 480 020 2,835 4,4.55 2,044 3,374 '> *i*)'2 .5,.5;i0 1,5(M» 2,552 1,5.38 3,400 73!l (')(K) 2,8«>«} 3,787 1,493 2,0iKj 3,6<>0 4,o;w 1,504 l,92(i 4,305 4,032 1,538 2,300 1,4«)2 2,0*10 43 1.107 2,084 J/i;' 42<.> 1,0(1! 370 3(f,? Majority. 510 700 13!l Ki)r. Atifainnt. ('>8 225 1,302 213 107 722 010 142 3,102 2,143 1.52 725 1,223 513 440 l,(i2() \,xm 2,53S 002 1,022 ' 02i" 507 1,278 302 (>27 771 004 1,004 1,H(M^ 572 (^ .-I'" 20 .1 Ml ■ 1 J' ; 1 1 t W ^i'v-v -^ r.v' i ■, r ■' h "ii: IJ-: '■ •.;• I -,.'•■■.,• <. ' ' .*•* . .«i-.i ;...'■•.» • ^ "•>■"• ■••s'.li'i- , 440 Suiinmiry of tlif vot- ing; III) tlic Sidtt Act. CHAPTER X. 009. Since the pansing of the Act it wi'i ;»o booh that il lum boon submitted to public opinion in 82 places, viz., in TcitifMnid 75 counticH. It in now in force in 2 only of t1ic cities an. I in 83 of tbo counties. The following is a summary of the result of the votinn;— I'll Ifct. CaiTii'd .S tiiiit'H mul Mtill in fmc 1 )ffcnt»'(l and not Hulnuittod a^iuu in 1(> Carried tlu> iHt tinit', deftatt'd tlic 2nd time in 27 " twice, defeated twice, in 1 once " " in 1 " twice " once, in 1 Defeated twice in 1 47 Total in which Nnbniitted S2 Convic- 700. The following statement shows the aggregate number drunken- of coHvictions for (Irunkciiness in the Provinces of Ontario, PnniScvH. Quebec, Xova Scotia, New Brunswick and Prince Edward is«4 i««K lisiland, in the years named : — Convictions. 1884 8,.')37 1885 10,427 188« 10,13() 1887 l<>,8!>r. 1888 11,!»22 Conmnnp- 701. The folloAviug table, compiled from an article by M. E Hi'.irit!. in Yvcrnes'^, will give a general idea of the consumption of ■ n 1 I ■ I 1 • m '.«' 1 ■1 ■• ; ■ ■ i»' ■ ■ i ■ ■ . . •• •'I ^ • *The Consumption of Alcohol in Various Countries, Royal Statistical Suciity Journal, March, 18!»0. SOCIAL AND OTIIEU STATISTICS. 441 ;t'ii that it 1, lis in 7citi<'>i\i Ml ' cities jiihl ill 10 votiiin:- — IMivcf.t, •> Statistical Society m\'\tA luul in the criminal Htatistics of cortain European mui ' , (.'riiiiinii tviiiitnert : — C'(>l•.^••nl^. (;.niiiiiiv — ... . i;ii^:i;iM(l imtl Willi's Aii"ii lii i'll'j^'iulll jiiiiiiiark j-'iiiImihI Kraii.i' tluMKMry Italv Nuiway NitiitrliindH I!ii.''>iii Swdcii Switzerland I1 i1 -23 ■« 11^ - rX «2 m if J y. y, • w lH1,21t7 Ksn lll!.57'J 2* it I IMO.IMM) 4:< KMo.-) l!t4 I.CiiVi 1,574 ;«»*), 70.S tH) •' l(i7,472 17.-1 !Mt7 ** 22*) 'J<).!I21 T4i» lHl.!»7i» •J«Mi •* !l!»7 ** 771 li»,7Hi> lai h c z i 5 < Z. 3 iu — 2 111 •Am 11.;MH.1(MI 7 74 1(»(MI 2,022,(MK) i Mil :m(i 4s,i:«»,72o 12 :v» :i2,447,loo I 4 40 1, 2'4S II H'lO II ! 8-S() 7 (Mi 2,«(»r>,i(»r) ait;-) m i r. = i 'A \k I Mtatistii'H of (•» rtain Kiini|H'itn iMiiintiif.N. * ;r)H,ri;i7 2.S2,07.S * 2,«o:{ l(i,(iK!l i: r)-i,:Mi ft 2,r)(io 7t»ii 2.42!t 2, ; l,741t l.SOH i,r)(»i 14M 41<> 1,177 8« •No iitiuns availalilf. "IVrsons cimvicti'd only. 1 FignreH not givt-n. fCon- vit'tfil for drunkcniH'ss only. ** Towns only. ttNunilH-r in prison only. Wiiilo tlio above table may servo to give, as stated, a jft'iieral idea of the alcoholic consumption in the countries iiiiimd, and also of tlie criminal statistics of the same, it must be clcarlv understood that no arijuments or deductions re- spc'cting tlie connection, between them can be safely based on tlio tigures, for, as stated by M. Yvernes, economic and sotiiil conditions varying in different countries, and the statis- tics of each country, though possibly accurate in themselves, being prepared on ditt'erent bases, make it almost impossible to obtain statistical data which would be absolutely com- parable. 702. The l)usiness transacted by the Patent Oftice in 1889 The Patent was larger than in any previous year, the receipts for fees showing an increase of ^12,650 over 1888, and of $76,106 over 18tJ(S. There was an increase of 532 in the number of appli- cations and of 654 in the number of patents granted. % i'.i mm. : -,■1 S" '■■.'.', .'(.■.; 'III ■■;'?• ■' ; '■' «'•'■'.": «•' ii I .i ■ .'■ , J ! • W'-l ■'■■ >'"'\ ^ ',^."T J.'' > ■ '* '"'* . *■■:..•..« 1 ' '■ ' ' V '}■ ; ,'■ W '"'V ".■•:'• . ":- ■'.■i « / ■■A ■ ,'■■ !i; * ; 1 *! •}7^: I.'*. . ••■• 1. f>,^-:^'^1^Hr Is : ■ ri'i" 11 ' 442 CHAPTER X. r>UsillCSH of tllfPiV 703. Tho tbllowing table shows 'ho difFerent transactions of tentotticc, tlie Patent Office in each year since !* t Julv, 1867 : — lSt;S 188i». ^ BUSIXKSS OF THK PATENT OFFICE OF CANADA, 18()8 ISCli 1 *-i ■ r . 1 ' "■ " '.1. " .* Duration •'.■'.! : ' " • " of piitfiits. : 'V. * AitjiH- Ylau Exnici) 30th cations Jlxe for Patents, Patents. 18«S., 18(»!t , 1870 1871. 1872. 1873. 1874.. 1875. . 187(5.. 1877.. 1878. . 1870.. 1880. . 1881. 1882 . 1883, . 570 54(5 781 588 (I2C 550 579 IM) 7)2 (571 1,.24 1,01(5 1,37(5 1,218 1,418 i,2(5G 1,048 1,337 1.445 1,277 1,428 1,172 1,358 1,137 1,(501 1,252 1,055 1,510 2,2(5(5 1,84(5 2,(541 2.178 Certifi- cates. 1884 2,(581 1885 2,540 188(5 2,77(5 1887 2,874 1888 2,747 1880 3,27!t Total. 2,4.5(5 2,2.33 2,(510 2,50(5 2,2.57 2,725 10 27 57 4(5 75 0(5 101 15(5 222 201 2{tl 1(57 214 250 2.54 282 35(5 38,374 32,056 2,805 Totals. Caveats. 54(5 1 588 *(50 .55(5 132 500 151 (571 184 1,02(5 171 1,245 2(M» 1,323 104 1,383 185 1,3;52 1(58 1,2(58 172 1.238 203 1,408 227 1,732 220 2,137 108 2,4(50 242 2,(523 238 2,447 222 2,8(K) 107 2,8.50 210 2, .5.30 240 3,081 221 35,851 4,0.50 Assign- H. reived, nients iiichulinfr of Designs Patents, in ' Tiiule i .Marks. 3.37 470 431 445 327 547 711 701 7(51 841 8.32 728 855 007 055 1,052 1,172 1,075 1,322 i,;«r> 1,1.50 1,437 11.(Ci2 14.LM4 14,.')4ii M,0!I7 l'.i„")7s L'!I,S») ;i4,r),-i.-. ;{.•), ;iss 42,141 r)L',.s."ii5 iiit.su 7.s.(t';{ (i!i,.');if> (;!i,(ir) 7:i,iitit 7i;.]:tt 74,. Mis S7,1.')S 18,400 !;8!I,S!IS * Tlicrc weie no caveats until 18(50. 704. The limit of duration of a patent is tifteen years, wliicli period cjin be reduced by the applicant to tive or ten years on payment of a proportionate fee. In 1884 there wcri' 2.45<» patents granted, of Avhicli 84 were for tifteen years, 15 tor ton year.i, and the remainder, 2,857, for tive years, and of flii>^ last number 2,048 were allowed to lapse at the expiration of the term, showinc; that the large majority of Canadian patents atv not kept in force for more than tive years. SOCIAL AND OTHER f^TATISTICS. 443 traiisjictioiis of ^67:— )A, IWJS ISC! I Assign- 1 H.r.Mwd, iiieiits : includiii^r of i |),.siu„s l^atfiitH. aii ' 'I'liKli' I A I inks. >! 337 11,(C,L> 470 14.:>14 431 I4,:>4(i 445 14,(1117 327 i'.).r)7s 547 111,SH(I 711 ;(4.:^(i] 7!tl a4,.Vu 7(il »i.is7 S41 :!,••). ;^s,s S32 IW.dllS 728 ;<;<,; 1,075 Ii!l.(l7."> . 1,322 7;<.!it!t !,;«;'. 7(i.i;« 1,15!> 74,."iits 1,437 j S7,i:i,s 18,490 1 !;S!l,S!tS n yoai's, wh'wli or ton vi'iii-s oil M'e woi'i' 2.450 oars, 15 for ton ami of \\\U last cpiratioii of tlio lian patents :iiv 705. The Model Museum, which is designed to bo a school Patent of iiistiMictiou in every department of science and mechanical Museum, iuvi'ution, attracts large numbers of visitors, and as it has now been moved to the new Departmental Block, Wellington ftnet, whereby a much larger space is available, it is hoped that arrangements will be made by which the great variety of models may be properly classified and exhibited to advantage. 706. The business in the Copyrights and Trade Marks Cony- BiiUich showed a small decrease, the receipts being $151 less trade ' than those of 1887, and the following table shows the large "sfis^ias!)'/ iiu'iease in the business of this branch since Confederation : — COI'VRUJHTS, TRADK MARKS, INDUSTRIAL DKSKJNS AND TIMBER MARKS RECJISTKRKD IN CANADA, mw TO 1889. Indus- Yk.\i{ Cony- ri(j;hts Tr.ide trial KNMKI) Marks De- Si IT II Regis- Regis- signs .Il NK, tered. tered. Regi.s- tered. ; Timber Marks Regis- tered. WW.. lMi!l.. KO.. 1S71 . . IS7'-' . ls7o . . 1S74.. 34 (i2 (>*; 115 S7 122 134 l.^l.l. . . . ls7ii.... 1.11 178 1S77.... 1.3S 1S7S..,. 193 lS7!i.... 184 l.^v''!!. . . . 185 ISSl .... 225 Iss-J, .. 224 iss;;,... 2.">3 1SS4 ... 281 IKS.-) 555 is,s(; 574 l'«s7 .... 554 isss. .. 5()ti 1SN!I.... OK) 32 .50 72 km; 103 !»5 1(')3 149 238 227 223 154 113 l.-.(i It 10 100 190 2U9 203 245 288 28' t () tJS 48 54 105 71 88 1!M» 105 04 (19 41 21 17 18 10 13 1!» 30 21 24 14 10 17 10 29 26 Total Total Number Number of of Rtgistra- Certi- tions. ficates. Assign- ments Fees Regis- Received, tered. 124 351 348 271 31ti 3()8 332 480 433 400 392 357 449 450 503 5.59 S28 848 920 9.54 1,010 124 351 348 207 232 289 251 359 332 334 277 2<;5 318 313 350 407 .398 375 533 5.55 r.7'> 11 20 19 15 33 31 14 24 2.S 22 04 33 49 54 58 50 71 49 183 418 877 1,092 927 940 1,.339 1,175 1,758 1,732 1,071 2,434 3,80() 4,772 4,950 5,397 f>,273 0,898 r),795 8,192 9,203 9,112 IIH .(. 7o7. The importance ot the Avcliives Branch of the Depart- Tiie .\v iiK'Ut of Agriculture is steadily growing, under the management nland.. i;:?4:f li i* .■: ■ if ■■.;i•4.■■^ ii■:^^••■■:.^•'J■ ivfty ■ . •* ".•' ^ '' '. ,''1 444 Datp of establish- ment. CHAPTER X. of Mr. Douglas Brymner, and references to it from various parts of the world for information respecting questions wliieh have to be settled by documentary evidence are daily incru{i>iiio, while there is scarcely a work recently published on the history of Canada or the United States whicii has not lieen imjcli indebted to this branch for information, and which does not contain acknowledgments of obligations for assistance reiulcred. 708. The branch was established in June, 1872, sinci; winch time the collection and classitication of State papers and records, Parliamentary documents of all kinds, copies of parish registt^rs. old documents and tamily papers, original accounts of many of the early settlements, and miscellaneous documents of general and local interest, has boon perse veringly proceeded with, and the value of the present collection, incomplete as it is, can hardly l)o estimated. ■ /■-■: ■*' '■: ■ * *. ■ .: * ■ ■ '. •W-, • • * c 445 CHAPTER XI. BANKS AND SAVINGS BANKS. 709. The denominations of money in tlie currency of Canada were declared by the Act 34 Vic, chap. 4, to 1)0 dollars, cents and mills, there being 100 cents in a dollar and 10 mills in a ci'iit. By the same Act the British sovereign, as then coined, waf^ declared to be legal tender for $4.86|. 710. Silver coins struck, by order of Her Majesty for circula- tion in Canada, were declared to be legal tender to the amount of ten dollars, and copper coins, similarly struck, to the amount of twenty -live cents. The gold eagle of the United States was also declared to be legal tender for ten dollars, and multiples and halves of the same for proportionate sums. 711. The coins in circulation in Canada are silver fifty, twenty-five, twenty, ten and five cent pieces, and bronze one cent pieces, all of which are struck in England. No twenty cent pieces have been coined for a considerable time, and they are gradually disappearing from circulation. Canada has no gold coinage of its own ; but, as stated above, British and American gold pieces pass current. 712. The notes issued exclusively by the Government are of the denominations $4, $2, $1, and ^^enty-five cents frac- tional paper currency, no bank in the Dominion being allowed to irisue notes for a less sum than five dollars, or for any sum not being a multiple of five dollar^. 71^5. The chartered and incorporated banks of the Dominion are regulated by the Bank Act, 84 Vic, chap. 5, and subsequent iuiiending Acts, by which it is provided, amongst other things : That at least one hundred thonsand dollars of capital shall he hdnCijide paid up, to the satisfaction of the Treasury Board, l)efore iny incorporated bank shall commence business. The r-mount of notes issued lor circulation by any bank shall nevv-r exceed the amount of its unimpaired capital, under a penalty varying with the amount of such excess. Canadian cuiTei.oy. Coins in circula- tion. Pajier cur- rency. Tlu' liiuik Acts and jirinci^ial ])roviHion.s. Capital paid up. Amount of notes for circula- tion. .*'.s Silver "-.i gol.i ■ '"'<. il ■ ^^'" 111. ..V 446 CHAPTER XL 1 :.i.i;j,;' ■ I^T:i'-. •■■d••^^^■^.■ .,'1 '!• ■•■■*j.,. •: ' '' \^ Pint )>!iy lllfllt tci 111' ill Ddiiiiii' ion iioti's. Nott'S tolif ii first cliiirK''. Limit to it.s — I'ayii')]*' (in (Icnia'Ki l':ivii.)le after uotiw or un a fixed day Hildas security '. Made Ity other banks |)ui- other hanks o'- agencies ( )ther liabilities '?(),444,()13 ; 31,2()!>,!»72 Total liabilities, AssKi's. Siiccii and Dominion notes >1 Vn;i - of and elie(ines on other banks |)i,. trnni agencies and cither banks Uniniiiion delientures or stocks Dtht r < Mivernnient securities I/iMiis to Dominion and Provincial (iovernnients Loans or discomits for which collateral seou'ities are hrld fjiiaii> to nnmicipal and othei' corporations Lciaiis to or di'jHii.its made in other baidniinits l).lit> overdue, not secured " secui'ed Molt ;,'aj,'es on real estati', and real estate held l>y tlit hanks \M\k prennse; Otiicr assets . . Total a>sets. :u,2V2,0'22 71,131..H(ir) 378,(i42 3,(l4!),7(w I 3,S(i3,5()() I 2(>l,35i (•.l,2.S8,4Hi; 74,()il7,5!»3 3(»7,8!»!) I,,344,852 175, 0(52, 2r)7 17,r)3(i,113 5,!ni,08!» 2",t,8(;i,;-)l!» 2,l(it;,()17 3,078,231 i,r)(;2,(H>o ii,43t),i;ic. 21,773,3(;s 1,21I,!H14 1.37,4(K),(MI!) 1,1 OS,! 102 l,3;iS,.S42 i,7r)7,2or) 3,ti2(i.010 4,177.r)08 244,07:), 223 17,005.012 0,420,418 20, 242, 070 2, 004. ( 171 • r),2lo.o21 1,801,704 12,030,430 2(>,42(),70('. 1,103,288 140,708,507 1,001,070 1,304,403 1,()78,4«3 3,703,700 4,048.47."' 25."),7t)5,(i31 Tlu' proj>ortion of lial)ihtios to assets wa;-' larger in 1889, hciug 08*44 per cent., as compared with GT'OO per cent, in 18. c. lS!li» 75 03 11 40 7H'H4 2 !I4 4(«> 187 p. e. 1!) 22 75 03 8 '2!) 8077 2 30 4 •(■)!) l.vyi. 11 1 1 S,1 i; iiS 7s •I Sl' M 1 111 718. The rate of interest allowed on deposits by the banks is at present in most cases 4 per rvut. 719. The next table gives the paid up capital, assets, lialiili- ties, and other particulars of the vario\i -^ banks in operation in each year since Confederation, according to the rotmns made to the Govornment, as required by the Bank Act : — PARTICULARS OF BANKS IN CANADA, 18(18 188!l. I'.r- Year Caiilal Paid up. Notes Total Ci'iitagf EN DEI J 30th June, in Circula- tion. on Deix)sit. Liabilities. As.sets. of LiaUili'iif t'l Assets. S * •S •S •S 1868.. 30,28i»,048 8,307,079 32,808,103 4.3,722,047 77,872.257 ad'l.'v 18t)!>. 30,981,074 8,044 1.51,772,870 It' (IS 1873. . 55,102,959 29,510,046 08,(577,137 98,29(i,()77 108,519,745 TiS :a 1874.. 00,44.3,445 26,583,1.30 78,790,.3<)8 117,. 051 20,288,158 74,594,057 101,08(>,717 184,421,514 rui;{ 1877.. 03,92; 15(; 18,205,35(> 71,284,797 95,004,254 174,375,0(t3 r)4-4s 1878.. 03,387,034 19,351,109 '1,900,195 95,641, (M)8 175,473,08(5 54 ■."ill 187i.». . 04,159,427 18,0!M),814 .],3(i8,502 93, .375,749 170,44(5,074 .-.4-7S 1880. (U), 584, 789 20,! 8*;, 170 84,818,804 108,8;«,271 181,741,074 .'i!ISS 1881.. .59,.384,987 20,102,308 94,15.5,()21 125,0(i3,540 198,907,278 CL* S.") 1882.. 58,739,980 32,229,937 11.3,820,495 l.5.3,(MH,9!)4 22!»,271,tM54 (Hi 7;5 1883.. ;!l,404,.554 32,211,945 107,148,004 145,290,83(> 22(5,803.491 (',4 mi 1884.. (>1,443,397 29,054,511 100,594,253 1 40,97.3, 2:« 22.3,855,(501 111' it; 1885. . 01,821,1.58 29,092,803 104,05(i,.500 138,510,3tK) 217,2(54,(555 (i:5'"i 1880,. 01,841,395 29,200,(527 112,991,7()4 147,547,(582 228.422,;i-)3 (14-. V.I 1887.. (i0,815,35(i 30,4:^,152 114, 483, HM) 149,413,(532 229,241,4(54 (i."i IS 1888.. 60,108,010 .30,444,()43 128,725,f>29 10(5,344,852 244.975 223 (iT'.IO 1881). . 60,236,451 31,209,97L 130,293,978 175,062,257 255,7().5,()31 (IS. 44 ILVNKS AND SAVINGS BANKS. 449 NCIPAL ITKMs Ul. . I'. !'• •■. 10 -22 75 03 17 S2 77 'S.') .■^ 20 KO-77 2 30 4-50 • iiiS 7s s^ :' r.i 7 ill 8 by the banks I, assets, liahili- cs in operation to tlie roturns ink Act :— m iHso. I'lr- Ci'iitagf Is.setH. (if Liiihili'iif t> Assets. 8 ,872,257 ,')i;-i:> ,5(i5,027 'ux'.* ,147,2!»3 ti.") IS ,014,3!>5 iii'(i;{ ,772,87t: li'JIlS ,510,745 ,')S ;i;i ,417,005 i;'j 44 ,441,108 ;i4!Hi ,421, .514 ruiii ,375,(i(t3 54 ^s ,473,08() r^Titt .440,074 54 -TS ,741,074 ,J!)SS ,007,278 {<•> X'l ,271,0(14 (ill 7,S ,8(13.401 (uih; ,855,(i(tl di' n: ,204, 055 (i,'v;:i ,422,:i53 i;4r>!i ,241,404 (u IS .075 223 (17 no ,705,031 (IS. 44 7:20. The iunnl)cr of banks tliat made returns to the Gov- lumnse dmintf tlie oiiiinent on the 30th June, 1868, was 27, beiuo- 11 less than in iHii«Hi. 18!^'.', and the followuig are the proportions of increase uiuU^r the several heads, between those years : — Increase in amotmt of paid up capital, 08 per cent. ; in notes in circulation, 270 jie'i- cent. ; In amount on deposit, 315 per cent. ; in liabilities, oOO per cent. ; and in assets, 228 per cent. The proportion of liabilities to assets was higher in 1889 than hi any other year, mill was lowest in 1877. 721. The total amount of reserv^e held by the banks on the Rfserve fiuul. mh June, 1889, was $19,966,999. No returns of this fund \\\'\v made previous to 1883, when an amendment to the Bank Art, requiring them, was passed. 722. The total amount of money on deposit in 1889, in the Total ainuunt on Chartered l>anks. Post Othce and (jrovernment Savings Banks, deinwit. Montreal and (Quebec Savings Banks, and in the hands of Loan ('om[>anies, was U[iwards of ^207,446,000, ecpial to the sum of UO per head of population. 72:5. Tiie following table gives the share value, paid up Dividends ,,,..,, Ti'i Ti '""^^ prices raiatiil, last six mouths dividend, and highest and lowest of iirmci- Dill stocks jiinrations at Toronto, in 1889, of the principal banks and loan companies in Canada. The prices quoted are taken l'n>iii the statement published by the committee of the Trdonto Stock Exchange: — !(ii. r. . ■' ll I! 29 lilJ li.:;tV::1. h* m in ^ ■.. « ■l\ ■« . I i' • • "« . 'h'^I* 450 CHAPTER XI. Stock. Hhare. 13iink.H- Montreal . . Oiitiirio Toronto . . . Mcreliiint.s' Conmierce. Jni]rt'ri il. . . Dominion . Stimclard . . Huniilton . Britisli Anicrit'a Western Assurance Consuiners' (ias Montreal Telegraph North-West Land Co Canada Permanent Freeiiold Western Canada , Loan Companies — I'nion Canada Landed Credit. Biiilding and Loan Association. . . Imperial Saving and Investment. Farmers' Loan and Savings London .and Canada Life and Ac- cident National Investmetit PeopU'V Loan .... Real Estate Loan and Debentin-e Co London and Ontario The Land Security Co Manitoba Loan Hiu'on and Kiie Dominion Saving and Loan Ontario Loan and Del)enture. . . . Hamilton Provident Jiritish Canadian Loan and Invest- ment Ontario Industrial Loan and la- ment Co '*• 200 1(K) 100 100 50 100 50 50 100 50 40 50 40 24 50 1(X) 50 50 50 25 100 50 50 100 50 50 100 25 100 50 50 50- IW) 100 100 Dividend last () months. $ 12,0(W),(K)0 T.5(M).0,0(M»,(MH) 1,5(X),,0(M> 2,000,0 l,200,(MMt 2,iMHt 'MX) 7,a 1)11,430 700, (XXt 425,000 l,23i),455 018,250 1,200.000 1,100,000 322,412 I 309,056 ! Per cent. 5 3 4 5 \ 7 10 2.^ 4' 5 4 3.\ 3' 3A '^\ 4 3 3i 3 3A 5 3J, 4i 3A 35 3i 3i Prices (Iniiii!; Ye.r. Highest \,' 23S 141 222 i 147.1. 130" l.Vt 220 [ 142 l.-)0 110 l.-)0 181.1. IS,-,' iir; •-•i; 141 S4^; l.S'.i 87 1 20S,', lll'.t" 171 Itlli IHH 1S*I 135 1:<1 120 lin.\ 110 104 117. IKi 122 mil 1551 105.( VlVr, it; 121 11 n! 30i S,-) 114 111) 200 242 110 !«l 15,S.\ !.-,.'< !»3J. S,V1 125.^ IL'I 12S VJS 114 lui; 11(1 110 Clearing T24. A Clearing House for Banks was established in Moiitival Montreal. ^^^ ^lie Commencement of 1889, and has proved an iinqnali^'ud success. Some idea of the ma<> M! • ' 110 .'<4: ) l.Vl in;i }.•> l.Hl.l 17:", i 07, l)eingamont]dy itvorage of .^87,880,055. The largest amount was in C)etoher, vi/., 146,434,1 i>{>, and the snujllest in February, $32,11>8,789. .Montreal standi elevontli among the eities of North America liaA'ing clearing houses, and if the Stork Kxehange operations were iiu'luded, as is the case in cities of the United States, its position would be considerably higher. 725. Till' operations of the London Bankers'Cleariiig House in 1880 reached the enormous total v)f $37,077.: '94,533, being the largest yet recorded. The operations of the Manchester Clear- ing House amounted to !fi;730.(in(l()ii iiini Miui- cllt'Stfl'. 72tJ. There were 1,668 failures in Canada durinu' 1888 and Faiium-* in 1,747 in 1889, representing liabilities to the extent of $13,974,- iss!).' ' 7s7 and $14,528,884 respectively, divided among the Provinces as follow : — XTMBKH <»■" ^'AILrRKS IX CANADA, 1HS8 iuul 188!». I'kovinck. 1S8S. 1HS!». Ontario (^uchec S'dVii Scotia \('\v Hninswick .... .Manitoba British Cohuuliia . . . . I'linee Edward I.sland Total . . . . Nninber Liabilities. Nnnibcr Liabilitit'.H. * $ !nr. (),704,.'i43 8(18 «!,334,!tOO 482 4,4()(>,S24 (151 (1,85(1,105 12(1 1,305,503 78 4(1!),234 (id 741,(191 (15 388,i)58 52 478, !M5 3!» 250,'.»12 1J> 128,803 37 173,004 K 148,(178 •) 53,(181 l,(i(>H 13,!»74,787 1,747 14,528,884 727. It will be seen that there was an increase of 79 in the increase in number of failures and of $554,097 in the amount of liabilities, andVea- as compared with 1888. This increase was due almost entirely f^j."* ^^^^^'^' to the large number of failures in the Province of Quebec ; and, V^ i ■ f 1 "s T ^? fe-11 » 1 J t * ' ' 1 ■•i ih k « • • ; ■ " !^;l^ 'i:''v;4 I'' »4 \' 1 ■■< :, ■ ) , •«. u ill i I >■ ^ I *r 1 '*- ■•' *, * "i 1 ■' / I'':]-: k i' . * • ,.»«;•.! ^r^- 452 Fiiilnrt's, IHK-J ISWI. niAPTEU xr. in I'act, it' it were not for the enormoas inoroni«e in that Pi iiK .. there would Lave lieon a decided decrease aH eom]^5irc(i \ Mi t'ornu'r yearn. The Journal of Conuncroe attrihutes the incv.ist. in (^lichee to three snccessive bad harvcnt , it being, oiitsid.' ,,t' Montreal, a purely agricultural Province, and bad har\'>is being followed by unsatisfactory winters, together witli he low prices for grain aiul hay that have prevailed, the fanners, as a consequence, have been unable to meet their obligntioiis. and the small traders necessarily had to go under. 728. The following figures give the number of failun s aiul extent of lialnlities during the past six years : — Liii'iilitii W.1I74.7S7 I4,r)'js,ss4 13,H.T.,(177 Failures in Ignited States, 1889. It will be seen that the number in 1889 was considcraldy above the average of six years, and that the amount of liabili- ties was $693,207 above the average. 729. The number wf failures hi the United States in 1889 was 11,719, representing liabilities amounting to $140,000,000, as compared with 10,587 in 1888, with liabilities $120,000,000. I i'.n BANKS AND SAVINOS BANKS. 453 fkilurt s ;nul oiisidcralily it of liabili- ites in 1889 140,000,000, 120,000,000. I. :/. ■--/. wo 3ra -r :in ii - s J3 ii ■ - c S S _♦ w is ^Jk -j ■> ? t ~'~ t 2 «M ^ "^ 3« >■. — r * rs * w '^ "c -r I3 ^ -r i ^ = 'l 'i'i i -i.* ^ r! — S ,— I >. ii* ^l u " iljl 1 "i *5 ^ 'Tl -^ 1 y ^ JUJ r rr* si '^ '-"''"' "^ V • -■ ^* •■•• ^ ^ v^ ^ 1 ;/. . 1 ii -5 «* •• ' " * * =■ 7 = i.-= i • "C ^1 •^ ^ ^-< ^™ '/^. ""^^'Y' X. .IS 5:' ~. t a: s'. .1 fi2 r~ ^5-f ■¥^ ''^ r. j^ cirif ♦t •/^ ^ A^ ^ 15 55 iS >f 5^ f ^^ . r^ tT t-* t\ n .0 "7 v. 1 •-£ 151; U 1-0 1^ -r ^: ri ^ 71 -X -J ?. cc — ; I 5 ,x -?,■£» 5 S 5 r- I - r; compared with 1888, but this was largely due to the trans- ference of Government Savings Banks to the Post Office : — Provinceh. Ontario , . V'ufbw N'(i\ a Hcotia New Brunswick Manitoba British Columbia Tlif Territories . , Total . . . . Number of Offices. 330 77 27 18 2 3 Number > of Depositors «8,!»' ;»:H l::-i:=.-,' ' ■ ■ "■ . . »i !i 1 ... ;i. 1" -■-. '^ 1'> ■(••!' ^ ■mm¥^ -i ' * '!i V'.-iii' 'I* 1^ ;■! ^•V« E^ ;, *f . ■■*.■.! . . . . '.t, -,(;L •1 - -■'5^.^ '•:(;#■:# -•.-?>•&: ill: Jt' '.':! ^: '..^ it: :■<;■';. ::5-I^:=J^' ,. H ■ ' '■ ■ J m mi 456 CHAPTER XI. ber, 1887, the purport of which address was to show tliat. in spite of the depression, England had made and was niakino- material progress, said : " Another fact is the steady im rwise " of saving bank deposits and depositors. These deposit,*; are " not, of course, the deposits of working classes only, so ealkd. "They include the smaller class of tradesmen, and the lower "middle classes generally. But, quantum. vah ant the facts as " to a growth of deposits and depositors should reflect the coii- "dition of the countrj' generally, in much the same way as the " returns of pauperism." If, then, the figures for this cou itrv are taken, relating to Post Office savings banks alone, it is found that between 1870 and 1877 the number of depositors increased from 12,178 to 24,074, an increase of 97 per cent.. and the deposits from ^1,588,848 to $2,639,937, an increase of QQ per cent. ; while between 1878 and 1889 the number of depositors increased from 25,535 to 113,123, an increase of 34:] per cent., and the deposits from $2,754,484 to $23,011,422, an increase of 736 per cent. " Whatever special explanations " there ma}^ be, facts like these are at least not inconsistent " with a fuller employment of the population in the last ten " years than in the previous ten." Disijosai 738. The balance of deposits is not nov luired, as formerly, on deposit, to be iuvestecl in Canadian Governmen: x'urities, but forms part of the unfunded debt of the Dominion. LoanCoiu- 738'^ A comparative statement of the liabilities and assets &c."is74 of Loan Companies and Building Societies in each year siiiee 1888. 1874 is o-iven below. ies and assets icli year since BANKS AND SAVINGS BANKS. COMPARATIVE STATEMENT OF LIABILITIES AND ASSETS OF LOAN COMPANIES AND BUILDING SOCIETIES, 1874 1888. Liabilities. 457 " f Ykak. 1S74 is:.-) isrii IH" 1.S7S lS7!t ISSO ISSl 1HS2 ISSS 1HH4 liis:) 1,SS('> ISS? ISSS Capital Paid up. 8,042,157 10,088,; ^<8 ll,(i95,772 13,858,(}34 17,287,538 17,474,(>5»; 24,4!»5,i»75 2"), 445,(53!) 28,4!>8,742 .30,8!»!>,44(i .30,751,251 3],34.5,(>20 31,874,a58 .32,125,00it 32,410,358 ReHerve Fund. Dejwsits. Deljen- tures Payable. Liabilities $ 1,33(;,4(52 l,578,l»0!l 2,001,258 2,452,715 2,803,580 2,017,874 4,017,832 5,128,413 5,5183,702 0,417,470 0,812,00 7,738,027 7,747,070 8,420,735 4,014,812 ij,020,70«; (!,12t»,377 7,102,18<) 8,2()i»,2!»5 9,420,148 11,713,033 13,400,2(58 14,241,782 13,0.54, 4(>0 13, 87(5,. 515 15,435,084 1(5,22(5,581 18,2.51,422 17,307,033 S 10,092 772,084 2,314,419 3,922,1M)4 5,(573,491 (5,393,859 23,212,7(58 23,154,234 2(5,070,3(50 29,(520,470 32,2(58,3(57 34,798,038 38,905,842 38,iH50,314 43,797,45(5 2,215,984 2,5!M),980 2,2(59,181 3,11(5,816 3,575,248 3,111,878 4,477,2(50 4,77(5,403 4,(588,923 3,(525,302 4,111,298 4,1(51,130 3,(>2{»,JK)!) 4,500,398 (5,043,394 Total Liabilities. 1(5,229,407 20,051,(577 24,497,7 30,4.53,255 37,(509,152 39,324,415 (58,517,4(58 71,9(55,017 80,083,510 84,517,217 87,81i»,437 92,939,3.34 98,375,217 101,584,819 107,978,97(5 Assets. Veak. Current Loans Secured on Real Estat'^ Total Loans. 1S74 is:.-) 1^7(1 1S77 1S7,S lS7!i IHSO ISSl , 1SSL> , \m . \m . iw.-) , iMSd , 1.S.S7 , ISKS , 15,041,8.58 18,3(50,715 22,827,324 28,282,712 33,!»98,174 34,781,493 5(5,(512,200 (51,948,0.53 (58,025,897 (59,t»22,344 74,11.5,13(5 78,775,243 84,573,:«4 8(5,901,3(53 91,713,319 8 15,4(59,823 18,8!)0,809 23,258,(580 28,993,812 34,703,748 .3.5,(575,(587 58,493,037 ()4,498,.542 72,021,310 74,12(5,1(55 77,2(57,357 82,084,049 88,094,2(50 !»0,(51 1,278 9(5,878,812 Cash cm Hand and in Banks. Proi>erty Owned, t>. , Real P^opt'rty Total Estate. 8 344,753 (545,(505 (548,933 .538,738 831,780 1,748,211; 4,52(5,077! 2,380,977 2,0.5i>,372 2,4(55,987 2,(508,224 2,501,277 2,358,900 2,595,437 2,01(5,88(5 124,2(50 1(52,2(57 .338,011 723,505 1,081,451 1,(585,881 4,3.52,439 3,(53(5,295 4,722,328 4,5(55,923 4,424,198 4,331,140 3,91!»,125 4,440,040 Owned. 75i>,(534 1,1(50,470 1,238,320 1,48(5.828 2,liM),l(50 3,708,531 11,495,.598 9,408,095 9,042,390 10,4(59,084 10,339,323 10,094,12(5 9,922,732 10,(518,031 12,551,34(5 Total Assets. 1(5,229,407 20,051,280 24,497,007 30,480,(571 3(;,893,!M>8 39,384,21t» (59,988,(5,3i5 73,!M)(5,(5as 81,0(53,701 84,.5!t.5,250 87,(50(5,(580 !»2,178,175 98,01(5,992 101,229,310 109,430,158 739. Thirt3'-throe companies made returns in 1874 and 78 increase in ill 1888, 65 of which were in Ontario, 10 in Quebec, 2 in Nova cJluiKvnies Scotia and one in Manitoba. In the period between 1874 and 1888, the companies increased in number by 32, their paid-up oapitid increased $24,368,201, and their total loans 181,408,989. .... : ■it^ - ■■'■ •. '■■;r- , ,;: P' '. ^_'-ii,. *■■■ «!'■ ( ' ■ ..i'l." • . •■ i« •i".. , It "' . Jf .. ■■ •) fe .■ 't ! ►. , ' " ■. ■ ?* (■:■■ ' ■■ , ■ ii- "■■ v [r ■ ■■ r \f' •■'-■ 1 If ,, 1 i' ... . 1 jti.: * 'J f ' : ■!■«.-■ i ii'' .i''ii ,;iii m^m I lll#^' '- I'. £., MJ fn,« ■ ** 458 CHAPTER XI. 740. The following tables are statements of the transactions the yiars 1888 and 1889, and of the affairs of Loan Companies STATEMENT OF THE TRANSACTIONS OF THE POST OKI ICK THE YKAKS Banks. ' Year. Post Office Savings Banks. Government Savings Banks — Nova Scotia New Brunswick . Toronto Winniiieg British Columbia. Prince Edward Island (irand Total, Post Office and (rovernment Savings Banks combined . i 1888 188<» 1888 188!» 1888 1880 188S 188<» 1888 188<» 1888 1889 1888 1889 1888 188!» Balances, 1st July. l!),4i>7,760 20,689,032 9,0«i4,829 H,879,r)8.5 (5,138,734 »),2C9,.588 874,342 794,927 989,209 948,. 527 2,112,472 I,n28,!l09 2,1.HJ»3<) 2,100,430 40,832,27r) 41,371,0.58 Depositki). Casii. Tnti Tt'st Alluw.d. *7,939,7ir) 9,012,(il4 1,324,7»«) 1,484,983 923,741 903,824 ia5,911 173,277 301,009 271,02(5 421,791 .399,048 383,923 412,430 11,480,^59 12,057,802 7t).">.t;;r)7 ;«i,.v,Hi .ST), I'll 74,!W7 (i;i,()7,s Sl>,8!ll 8:),L'L'(; l,r)7S,!t,H7 l,t)1!t,L>L'l *.f217,385 of this amount was transferred from British Columbia Savings Bank. ti!;217,385 " " to Pott Office Savings Bank. i ■ 1 f / f • ■ / 1 \ BANKS AND SAVIN(5S BANKS. 459 le transiictions 3an Companies [K POST OK KICK THE YKAHS Depohitkh. ish. Inti ri'st Alluwcd. S! s 39,715 1 7(M.iy!l 12,014 841,!I2:> 24,70«J 34(;,L>r)7 84,983 ;i;fi,:)iK» 23,741 24o,a(y 03,824 23l',84t; a5,911 73,277 -'!i,:i72 m,009 71,02«i 3(1,^1 3:..i!)i 21,791 74,il37 99,048 tl8,07.s 83,923 12,430 SL'.Sdl 8:),L'i>(; 80,859 57,802 l,r)7S,!i87 l,01!l,221 a Savings Hank. Savings Bank. of tlie Post Office and Government Savings Banks clnring ;iml Unilding Societies in 1888 : — \M» OOVERNMKXT SAVINGS BANKS IN CANADA DUR1N(} isys AND 1889. Increase or Decrease. Rate I)er Cent. With- drawals. Balances, 30th June. Increase or Decrease. Rate 'l\'tal. iier Cent. s ■'s,L'(t:^i04 ;;(i.j4:i.5(;8 i(i.7;r>,H53 iM,(i!H;,i58 7.:<(r.>,838 ;,4(M),259 l,(i!f.',322 -,i!)7.570 1,:VJ7,(»49 l.L':u,345 :Ml(i!t,202 :'.(i!ti,n90 L',t;21.750 :',(;r>,s,(t80 :.S,X!ILM22 .u,(;4S,(»82 + 2,079,287 + 2,340,404 - 642,471 - 39,095 + 140,384 -f 103,421 - 141,013 - 94,74(i - 70,232 - 71,704 - 50<;,807 - 518,112 - 41,302 + 3(),336 + 823,787 + l,755,9(i0 7 9 S-2 50 3 2 14 11 4 80 50 5 4 102 19 8 1-5 1-3 10 3 2 7,514,071 7,532,145 l,850,2ti8 2,284,047 1,033,250 1,300,913 21>7,395 244,871 378,522 3<".3,308 t 980,233 492,144 4(il,.320 413,01m; 12,521,0<>4 12,091,724 § 20,(>89,032 23,011,422 8,879,584 8,411,511 (5,209,587 (5,045,34(5 794,92(5 752,705 948,527 892,037 1,028,{M58 1,'>98,940 2,1(50,430 2,244,390 41,371,0.58 42,95(5,357 + l,l'91,282 + 2,322,390 - 185,245 - 4(58,073 + 130,8.53 - 224,241 - 79,410 - 42,221 - 40,082 5(5, 41K) - 483,504 - 30,022 + .5,494 + 8.3,!K50 + 538,783 + l,r)8i),299 1 11 2 5 '2 .3 9 5 4 5 22 1 3 1 3 2 2 2 I 5 1 3 1 9 8 8 3 8 3 8 tL . ,. '..J ill' *;'■■ ' i J,. . ■ L' .,' ?^% (Mi;.. " i il' M 460 • CHAPTER XI. SUMMARY STATEMENT OF THE AFFAIRS » OF LOAN LlAlilL Phovini'ks. Cajiital Sulwcribed. Capital Paid up. Reserve Fund. Lialiilitifstn Simril|.il,le;.. s 3i>.7S4.4-.M 2.s!i(;,4s7 52!t.814 Ontario 74,r)on.oi»3 (i,583.2iK> ooO.iNM) 173,!K)0 2!t,372,07«i 2,414,012 55(»,000 73,370 * 8,141,742 278,348 04.5" Quebec Manitoba Nova Scotia Total 81,81(J,2!t2 32,410,358 8,420,735 43,7(i().i.':':) - - -^- H PROVINC'KH. Current Loans Secured on Real Estate. Loans to Shareholders on their Stock. Tt>tal Loans. Pkoi'KKTv Ottiei- FiiMiiturc aiid Fi.xtuns -".t..s:,i .s.s.s:t> Ontario 84,2()t>,413 5.828,431 1,121,700 553,775 875,!M>3 !t0,!»35 88,8r)0.020 »),333,71!' 1,121,700 572,404 t^uel)ec Manitoba Nova Scotia Total 01,713,319 !M)0,S!)8 0(>,878,812 iw.ls;i MlSCKlJ PROVIN'CKS. Dividend Declared dininir the Year. Amount Loaned during the Year. Amount Received from Boii"o\vers dm-ing the Year. Aimmnt Kect'ivHl f n Mil ] )('])ii.>itiirs (hirintr the Vfur. Ontario 8 2,184,757 00,704 1,5«>5 18,()(i4,877 ()05,078 200,101 S 10,837,183 5!Mi,755 1,5.51 23,ti.")!t,(W 444.!Ht' 4S,4(« (Quebec Nova Scotia Total 2,257,08(5 10,530,050 20,435,480 24.i:)L'.4l';i V V ' A.IRS OF LOAN MAlUlJ 1 ljlilllllltH'»til '■ ' SlliUvli'.M,-;-. lUKl 1,742 8,348 045 ' 3!).7S4,4:'4 2.s'.Ml,4s: .V)tl.(KHI r>2',t.;,-Ji':> 1 ASsI I'HOl'KlCn vl Loans. ^ ( )rticv Fiiniituiv aiul l''i.\t\iits. ,8.^0.it2!» < 2'XX)\ ,333,711' : :tt.S3:i ,121,700 I .572,404 ! ,878,812 i)3.ls3 MISCKL )unt Amount ived Kec'fivMl >ni (wei'.H fn mi ])i-]N)>itiiv I ear. (lunnt; the Year 7,183 H»,755 1,551 i5.48i) 23,iir>!Mi")'< 444.tH»2 4S,4l« 24.ir)--'.4l'o BANKS AND SAVINGS BANKS. I COMPANIES AND BUILDING SOCIETIES, 1888. ITIKS. DeiMisitH. i(;,rC)K.34it (.4;M44 105. 240 ' DeliHiitureM Payable in Canada. 0,870,083 344,702 i:,3(i7,033 7,214,785 Del>ent\ireH Payable in Britain or elHewhere. 32,882,304 2,!K)0,27« 800,000 36,.582,«)70 Total LiabilitieH to the Public. .50,0!K),151 4,121,057 800,000 10«),S»40 (irand Total LiabilitieH. 1888. 8 08,074,275 7,018,444 1,3.50,000 (k'«;,257 04,118,751 107,078,076 1887. 07,287,0.57 2,.553,770 1,2(H>,()00 543,083 101,.584,810 ETS. Owned. Total Proi»erty Owned. Total AwMetH. Cash in BankH. Cash mi Hand. 1888. 1887. t;.S,882 20,054 183"" 9 2,21HJ,015 148,241 78,3(M) 2,410 11,337,720 021,528 228,.30O (>3,702 100,188,(;.50 7,25i5,24t; 1,3*50,000 036,25(> 00,8.3it,123 2,047,104 1,200,000 543,083 111,010 2,.52.5,860 12,551,34«i 10«>,430,ir>8 101,229,310 LANKOUS. Amotuit Ke-itaid to Dejuisitors (luring tlie Year. LM.85.5,071 ;^«7,3»» 3(i,8t;i •i\270,2«8 Amount invested and secured by Mortgage. 85,71H),627 !H;1,475 09,540 86,821,651 Total Amount of Interest Paid and Credited during the Year. 2,6.50,761 63,288 2,973 2,717,022 Value of Real Estate under Mortgage. 180,1.58,625 3,659,976 15(5,125 183,974,726 Amomit Overdue and in Default of Mortgages. 2,448,3(;3 68,484 28 2.51(5,875 461 air i" I-- '*'.■. ?li m. .">' ;• .; Ik 7- :-u '«'■■ * ■ i' ! s II', H'- ;..lii ^LMM 4''"' ■ '* ' ■ ji' '• • ..>,]«•, hi*.* I mm J;. Vj' SJ:,' ■*• IJ* . '■■■:; ■■!'*' " r ■■-.«' ■■■i .■■?■*■ (I'.'i iJi-.: I '^i'i;-. ni-'ri:-;.T. C!. Area sold, 18Si>. 741. The Crown Lands of the Dominion of Canada, kiiov i ^enemlly as Dominion Lands, are situated in Manitoliu, t], Territories, and in what is known as the Railway ImU m IJritish Cohimbia, and comprise some of the finest iiuriniltuia lands on the Continent. In order to provide every facilitv ti information to immigrants and settlers the Commissioiur ( Dominion Lands has his oliice in Winnipeg, and a iiuiuIkii land agencies are situated at the most convenient points, wlur the fullest details can be obtained. 742. AVith the exception of the years 1882 and 1888. tliq area of land entered by actual settlers under the ]irovisi(jii> n the Dominion Lands Ac'. ,>'as greater than in any previous voarl In 1885, owing to the disturbance in the North-AVest, the aiv^ entered for homestead purposes only amounted to 249..3" acres, but since then the increase has been continuous : tlia increase in 1888 over 1887 amounted to 100,833 acrei;', and iij 1889 over 1888 to 275,717 acres. 743. The increase in the area pre-empted was very cousiilcij able, amounting to 142,130. This increase was undoulitodlj largely due to the fact that the privilege of pre-emption c'easvij on tlie 31st December, 1889, and many settlers were tlieiil induced to apply for pre-emption entries who otherwise iiiiglij not have done so. 744. There was a decrease in the area of land sold of 20,04^ acres. The following are the comparative figures for tlie lasj three years of the transactions in Dominion Lan«Is : — 1887. 1888. IS^sit. Homesteads 319,500 acres. 420,.S33 acres. 096,050 acres Pre-emptions 87,747 " 70,521 " 212,«51 " Sales . . 114,544 " 197,140 " 177,092 " DOM J ION LANDS. 463 ^82 ami 188:1. tli« • the provisujiis o any previous yoai'j rth-AVest, the an ►untecl to 249,o5| h continuous : tli« ,833 acrefi. autl iij was verv considi'i'l • r was undouliti'dlj )re-omptioii ccasvi] tiers were tlicrelij lO otherwise iniglij and sold of 20.041 jsrures for tlie las| 745. The nuniher of entries cancelled has heen steadilv Kntiit-M *' 111 (Iccroasing; in 1874 08 i)er <'ent. of the lioniestead and 1)3 |u'r cent, of the pre-emption entries were cancelled ; in 1888 aii'l 1889 there were no cancellations. The nuniher of patents issued was 3,282, as compared with 3,275 in the preceding vi'iir, and the numher caneellcd was 30. The docreaHe in the number of patents issued during the last two years is, as stated last year, owing to the fact that under the Territories riit.ntH Real Property Act, notifications to the proper officials, hy tli( Minister of the Interior, that certain lands have been granted to any railwaiy company or to the Hudson's Bay Company, sliall be equivalent to letters patent. 74(). The next table gives the total amount of pre-emption R..'.i|.ts and homestead fees, and proceeds of sales received in each aiurHiii^Ts, year from 1st July, 1872, to 30th June, 1889 :— ^'"•'^ i'^'^'"'- I'KK-KMl'TION AND HOMESTEAD FEES AND I'FtOCEEDS EROM HAIiES, 187;f 1HS!». VkAK KNI>KI) ;<(h'ii .Fink. 1S7S 1S74 is::.. is7(; 1S77. 1S7S. lS7!t. ISSd. ISSI . 1H8L'. \m. \m. issr.. ]m\. 1H88 1HS!», Honientead and Prp-MMI)tion F»'»'s. (;,«)7o 8,2110 11,570 4,700 r),«;20 1.5,370 3»i,02(> 32,a')H 30,«82 94,228 127,740 70,3iM) 42,74.5 40,481 2(v502 28,521 50,010 ( )idiiiar,v Salt's. SaleH to I Colonization Companies. Total. Cash. Strip. Cash. 21,()l»i 17,(5!>7 1.%.5»1 3,704 l,0(i{» 2,(i82 8,188 41 "^m )J2.it40 l,i;28,424 51(),01t2 42.3,113 ll>8,7o!) 7«5,140 48,17« 52,238 .57,513 .320 1.3t),{»55 120,15)» 210,!K)4 81,(W5 70,828 .50,5!K) .33,«J38 40,«ai» 45,875 204,6.58 337,(540 313,523 318,238 .3.54,03<; 248,4!>2 2.5.3,713 1,214 10,000* 1«,000* I 28,58tJ 25,!>87 25,101 8,724 143,(545 138,211 25.5,110 155,812 1(54,451 1,727,280 !>25,9(i2 788,i:i«; 288,.5!»4 321,27!» 412,318 404,282 441,7(51 *Sfrip. 747. The total net revenue for the year ended 30th June, Total le- 1889, including receipts from timber dues, graziiig, hay and 1% \y '.■ ' ■M. venue. !.,t 1.1/*' E*., ^''.■,|;*'J''."''«-4'i . i fi '. •i../^ni-,i'i'iK .V.' I It; m 'm V: 'Li< 4:'iSi« 464 |{i'VfllUf th'pait- IlU'lltill y.'iir. CIIAI'TKR XII. ruiiu'rnl laiuls, was $r)8H,8fi2, hoiiig .in iiunvaHo as ('oim|,,ii,.(| with i88Hof#2r),ir):i. 748. The above figurortrolato to the jiscal year only, and iIk. following ti«;ui'('H ifive the total rovonuo tor tho arfiii( ntul voar ondod 31rtt Octohur, 188M :— < JroMM r»'Vfiiu«' ill ciixli Sorip rwlt't'iiiwl and wiirriiiitM l(K.:iit«) Total in 1KH8 (i2!t,4rxi Total r.- e»i|it-<, 1><72 1SH!». DfCTwvH.. ill \mt *_"^"'*" 749. Tlio total n-coiptH on account ot'T)onunioM lands imd,... the various lu'ads, troiii Ist Xovomher, 1872, to 3l8t Oetdhor. 1889, have beon :— HoinfHtf'a,;i<;i !? (i,44!t,;W4 Al<'!l Sft out fur st't- tlenieiit. 750. Tho total area set out for sottlomont in eaoh year siiici 1873 is given below : — AcTeH, Prf viou« to .Tun.-, 187.S 4,7!>-',2<»2 InlH74 4,2a7.Sr,4 1875 (MM.mm 187(5 42(»,r)<>7 1877 2.31,(;(tl 1878 •MH\,*m 1875I l,i:«).482 1880 4,472,0(M) 1881 8,147,(KK) 1882 i>,4C>0,0«K( 1883 27,(K»(),00«) 1884 ('.,400,000 1885 301,(W0 188(i l,37!t,O10 1887 m3,710 1888 1,1.31,840 1889 51G,!»«K) Nuniln r of FaiiiiH of l(i(» acrt's eacii. 2il,!»r)2 2(i,487 4,150 2.C.28 1,448 l,itlH 7,(VMJ 27,!»50 5(»,in!» 5!»,125 l(i8,75(» 40,000 2,448 8,020 4,(t2.3 7,074 3,231 Total. 71,326,!>72 445,7!l5 DOMINION LANDS. 4(i5 as t'Oiii|iaii(I >nly, iiiitl ili(. «loi»artiii(iit;il * 232,srt4 .1. r)r)i,4io ( (21 1, 45(1 $ 7H,040 m lands iiinjcf 8 4.'):), (Mr. 272,wn !? «,44!»,324 acli year sinci Nuilllii 1 nf 'aniiH tif lti(t acr»'M eaeli. 21t,!ir>'J 2»i,4H7 4,i:.(J 2,liL'S 1.44S l,!tl8 7,(Wi<'. 27,!ir.<> .')<», i2r. i(is,7r.(t 4(),(XM» 2,44H S,(i20 4,023 7,074 3,231 44r),7iir) At tho rnto of Kvc souIh to a homerttejul of UjO acron, thoso 1:iii(U would KUHtaii) an agricultural population of 2,2'2H,97r). lh\. In addititni to tho incroaHc in area of Dominion landH Srti.H i.y iMtored upon by settlorrt, the saU'w mad ' hy tho largo land "mnttn,! loiporatiouH vvoro larger and at hotter prices than in 18H8. Tho '"'"i"""*"'- Ciiiiadian Pacitic and Manitoba Soutli-Wewtcrn Railway Com- jiiiiiioH sold 1H1,857 acres for $7IJ),H7J>, being an average of ji:').75 per acre. Tho North-WoHtern Coal and Navigation (;om- jiiiiiy Isold 98,000 acres at an average of $2 per acre ; tlio Iluoth coarse gold and gold-bearing quartz will yet be made, is con- fidently asserted. From information he obtained, Mr. Ogilvie places the total amount of gold already taken out of the district at $250,000, about half of which was out of Canadian territoi\ . 755. Between Fort McPherson, on Peel River, and Fori Cliijit'- wyan, on Lake Athabasca, a distance of 1,300 miles, Mr. Ouilvio says that the country, as far as soil is concerned, is as eajmlile of supporting an agricultural population as the greater })art of Ontario and Quebec, but the principal drawback is tlie clinuitc. He ffives a number of instances of fa\ourable gr. wth both of vegetables and cereals that came under his notice, and, in spite of the prevalence of summer frosts, sees no reason to regard the district as useless, as there is ample time before the territory is required for settlement to determine what parts are fitted for airriculture. On the lower Mackenzie he considers the timlior about sufficient to supply the needs of the immediate vicinity, but on the upper river the supply is not sufficient. He calls particular attention to the indiscriminate slaughter of fur- bearing animals, and shows that they will soon become extinct, unless restrictive measures for preserving them are adojited. 756. Beyond some experiments on a comparatively small scale at the Experimental Farms at Indian Head and Brandon, iiotli- • JiifMi!.!-! r; 1i; DOMINION LANDS. iiig lias yet been done in the interest of forest tree culture in the Xorth-West, and the Forestry Commissioner in his Report^ very earnestly points out the importance of immediate atten- tion being given to this question, not only by the Dominion, but by the Provincial Governments, particularly those of On- tario. Quebec and New Brunswick, in which Provinces, he says, the destruction of our forests by tire and by the axe goes on with unabated fury, and with painful disregard of the inevit- able consequences in the near future. 757. On 3rd April, 1889, judgment was given by the Judicial Committee of the Privy Council, declaring that the right to adniinistertheminerals within the Railway Belt in British Col- umbia was vested in the Government of that Province. In order to dispose of the anomalous condition of affairs that con- seqnoutly arose, viz., that the jurisdiction over the lands was vested in the Dominion Government, and the right to admin- ister the minerals in that of the Province, the following ar- rangement, ratitied by Order in Council of 28th February, 1890, was Jigreed upon between the two Governments : So disposition of lands containing minerals (except coal laiuls) shall be made by the Dominion Government other than liv patent in fee simple, thereby bringing the minerals at once iiiider the administration of the Provincial mining laws. All lands containing minerals (except coal lands and Indian reserves), offered for sale by the Dominion Government, shall lie open for purchase by the Provincial Government at the jiriee of |5 per acre. Any lands sought to be acquired by the Provincial Govern- ment under the last clause, shall be set apart from alienation by the Dominion, upon the Provincial Government making a 467 Land re- ffiilatioiiH, Railway Belt, B.C. .1,; ■m '' l"\ 30| Reix)rt of the Department of the Interior, 188!>, Part VI. m ■i^: mm VH ;•>..„ . < , .■•*'fi>'ii' 5i« * ,4 Hi 'I ^'' 468 CHAPTER XII. written application for the same. Such lands to be surveyed j (if not already done) by a Dominion Land Surveyor at tlie ex- pense of the Provincial Government. Nothing in the agreement shall apply to coal lands. The agreement may be terminated at any time by either Government. All minerals, including gold and silver, within Indian Re- serves, shall be administered by the Department of Iiuliaii Affairs. Dominion 758. Amendments are being made to the Dominion Land uiationpf Regulations, which, at the time of going to press, were not com- pleted, but the regulations, as amended, will, if practicable, be added in an appendix. ^-1 469 7 time by either CHAPTER XIII. MILITIA AND MOUNTED POLICE. Part I.- Militia. 759. Previous to the confederation of the Provinces, the I defence of this country was entirely in the hands of the Im- perial Government, who for that purpose maintained troops in leach Province, supported by various local volunteer militia corps. This volunteer militia had, when called upon, rendered most efficient service in times of trouble, an account of which would be beyond the scope of this chapter, being, as it is, part of the histpry of Canada. 760. After Confederation the British Government gradually withdrew all the Imperial troops from this country, and at present only maintain a garrison at Halifax, and a naval I establishment there and on the Pacific coast. 761. By the British North America Act the command in I ehief of all naval and military forces of and in Canada w^as vested in the Queen, and the control of the same was placed ill the hands of the Dominion Parliament. A Department of Militia and Defence was at the same time established, the first Minister being Sir George E. Cartier, and the first Militia Act was passed in 1868, 31 Vic, chap. 40. This Act was subse- quently amended in various ways, but is practically embodied in the present Consolidated Militia Act, 46 Vic, chap. 2, passed 25th May, 1883. By it the militia of Canada is declared to consist of all the male inhabitants of Canada of the age of 18 years or upwards and under 60, not exempted or disqualified by law, this population being divided into four classes, as I follow : — The first class comprises those aged 18 or upwards and I under 30, being unmarried or widowers without children. Defence of Canada beforeCon- federatiun. Withdraw- al of Iin- IJerial troops. Command in chief vested in the t^iieen. Militia Act. Who con- stitute the Militia. !!):•'■-: it' I ijj I" ^.^ '¥: .;:]i: f^ .1. Ml U: A '^ ; ' ''», -.".J f #iv. ■,.•■■■ ..'I IP , .•**'' -.■'"' I, r'«frl "i -' .'I' ' ■1' *' ■ ' . . • * "* . ' v'i: !. i I, '- •.. r. >■* 1,. -r 470 PerHons exempt from ser- vice. Number of men and I)eriod of drill. Active and reserve militia. PeritKl of service. Military districts. Perman- ent corps. CHAPTER XIII. The second class comprises those between the ages of iio and 45, being unmarried or widowers without children. The third class comprises those between 18 and 45, \m\\i;\ married or widowers with children. The fourth class comprises those between 45 and 60. 762. The following persons are exempt from enrolment and actual service at anytime: Judges, clergymen and ministers I of all religious denominations, professors in colleges and! teachers in religious orders, the wardens and officials of all j penitentiaries and lunatic asylums, persons physically disabled, I and any person being the only son of a widow and her only support. Certain other persons are exempt from service, except j in case of war. 763. The number of men to be trained and drilled annually is limited to forty-five thousand, except as specially authorized, j and the period of drill is to be sixteen days and not less tliauj eight days each year. 764. The militia is divided into active and reserve land and I marine force. The active land and marine force is composei of men raised either by voluntary enlistment or ballot, and tlie ! reserve force consists of the whole of the men not servinir in '• the active militia for the time being. 765. The period of service is three years. 766. The Dominion is divided into twelve military districts in each of which a permanent military staff is maintained,! under the command of a Deputy Adjutant-General. 767. The permanent corps and Schools of Instruction cont^ist of "A" troop of Cavalry at Quebec, "A," "B" and "C" Batteries, Schools of Artillery at Kingston, Quebec and Victoria, B.C. ; " A," " B," " C " and " D " Infantry School Corps, at Fredericton, N.B., St. John's, Q., Toronto and London, Out., | and a School of Mounted Infantry at Winnipeg. Tiie total sti'ength of these permanent corps is limited to 1,000 men. The present strength is 1,015 men, including officers. MILITIA AND MOUNTED POLICE. 471 768. The Royal Military College at Kingston, which is under Royal the control of the Militia Department, was founded in 1875, cJllegef and has proved a most successful institution. The present number of cadets is 64. The total number of cadets who have joined has been 295, of whom 143 have graduated, and 74 liave been gazetted to commissions in the Imperial army. Four commissions are annually offered by the Imperial Govern- ment, and in 1888 six others were offered, proving that the Imperial Government is fully satisfied with those graduates who liiive alreadv obtained commissions in the service. In 1889 one cadet received a commission in the Royal Engineers, one in the Royal Artillery, and two in the Infantry. 769. The following is a statement of the numbers of the strensjth {)i til6 J^C* Active Militia, showing the strength of the different arms of tive the service :— SJ.*'"' STRENGTH OF THE ACTIVE MILITIA IN CANADA, 1889. Pkovince. Dis- trict. Cav- alry, Field Artil- lery. Garri- son Artil- lery. "67" 45 302 En- gin- eers. In- fantry. 4,098 5,801 2,973 2,175 4,070 2,430 3,606 1,672 2,952 939 45 342 31,103 Total Dis- trict. Total Pro- vince. 1 Ontario -! • (Quebec ■[ 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 187 437 329 83 417 240 240 160 160 240 '89 4,525 6,545 3,507 2,418 5,118 2,430 4,0.52 2,451 3,646 1,064 225 617 I 16,995 i 11,600 New Brunswick Nova Scotia ManitoV)a 96 324 45 45 80 160 ■ 80 80 270 250 569 '■■45' 2,451 3,''l'j < ■ * '♦ ■ ■; '■- ' v* j ;"r'.vi> ?■-■ ,*.;vf-'!^Ji ,:; j'^1 . ■■■. j.v- 1 !■ ^ .i ! 472 CHAPTER XIII. companies was: troops, 43; batteries, 61J ; companies of in- fantry, 640, and engineers, 3 — making a total of 747|. Militia 770. The total ordinary expenditure amounted to $1,323,- ture"i88J). 561, and the special expenditure, in consequence of the rol)c'l- lion in 1885, to $41,228. The following is a summary of the expenditure by the Department of Militia in 1889 : — MILITIA EXPENDITURE, 1889. SalarieM, district staff $ Brigade majors Royal Military College Ammunition, clothing and military stores Public armouries Drill pay and camp purposes Drill instruction Dominion Rifle Association Drill sheds and rifle ranges Construction and repairs Barracks in British Columbia Care of military properties (Irant to Dominion Artillery Association A, B and C Batteries \ Cavalry and Infantry Schools / Improved rifle ordnance Contingencies Militia revenue, 1889. Militia pensions. 20,700 13,lfi4 51,237 195,589 61,177 286,«37 36,885 10,000 19,641 88,067 17,8(58 9,410 2,000 471,720 3,000 36,455 Total ordinary militia service 91,323,551 North-West service (Rebellion, 1885) 41,228 Total expenditure $1,.%4,780 771. The Militia revenue for 1889 amounted to $22,738, made up as follows : — Ammunition, sale of $13,002 Military stores " Clothing " Miscellaneous stores, sale of Military properties, rent of. 1,574 679 3,127 4,a56 Total 922,738 772. The sums paid for Militia pensions amounted to $31,940, as follow :— Pensioners. Number. Amount. Pensioners for wounds, 1812-1815 " '* Fenian raids Rebellion, 1885 Annual grant to surviving veterans of 1812 46 23 123 104 « S.oiX) 3.»)7 21,8t>.'} 3,120 Total 296 31,!)4() MILITIA AND MOUNTED POLICE. 473 ipauiea of in- ' 747|. ;ed to $1,323,- ) of the roUcl- mmary of tho 19:— 1 20,700 13,1H4 51,237 195,.589 61,177 286,637 36,885 10,000 19,641 88,067 17,868 9,410 2,000 471,720 3,000 36,455 $1,323,551 41,228 «1,364,780 d to $22,73 $13,002 1,574 679 3,127 4,35«) $22,738 amounted to umber. Amount. 46 23 123 104 $ 3,590 3,%7 21,803 3,120 296 31,940 773. In addition to the gratuities reported aa having been GiatuitieH. paid in 1887 and 1888, an additional amount of $529 was paid ill 1889 to two applicants, making a total of $68,861 paid in thir* way to 240 persons. Part II. NORTH-WEST MOUNTED POLICE. 774. By an Act 36 Vic, c. 35, (1873) authority was given for prganiza- tlie organization ofa Mounted Police Force, for the better prener- n. w, m. ration of law and order in the North- West Territories, the """*'■ iinniber of men being limited to 300. Accordingly, in the autumn of the same year, a small force was organized, consist- ing of 190 men. Subsequent Acts have amended the original provisions in various ways, and the number of men is now limited to 1,000. On the 30th [N'ovember, 1889, the strength of the force was as follows : 1 commissioner, 1 assistant com- mifssioner, 11 superintendents, 32 inspectors, 6 surgeons, 2 veterinary surgeons, 178 non-commissioned officers and 807 constables, making a total of 1,038. There were also 894 horses, valued at $150,000, and 24 ponies and mules. The country is divided into 9 divisions, exclusive of the Depot, i.iul these divisions are sub-divided into a total of 58 stations, 775. The duty of the Force, as defined ])y Act of Parlia- i^"ti^» "^ J ^ J the Force. lUOnt, 18 1. The preservation of peace and order, the prevention of crime and the apprehension of criminals. 2. To execute warrants of magistrates, &c., and generally (lisdiarge the duties of a constable in relation thereto. 3. To escort prisoners and lunatics to and from gaols, asy- lums, &c. 4. To search for, seize and destroy all intoxicating liquors held contrary to law. ..^'- .. i,i,. ;i '•!. ir.i ".. I- ' 474 H'/'^.'-n fj;l'>'l-?: '-tififlV- !''^ t'','(-.-,^.-'n ,]•!■? i-V ■ .;. ■ ■■ iftVr'yVV :• 'is* 4' :M- i i»i J-,h \V irkdone by the Regular tions and pay. CHAPTER XIII. For the better performance of the above duties, ir is provided that the Force, in addition to special powers, sliall have all the powers that any constable has by law. 776. The amount of work that is yearly done l)y this Force can hardly be realized by any one unfamiliar with the enormous extent of territory that they have to watch. They patrol steadily along the frontier from Emerson to the Rocky Moun- tains, a distance of 800 miles, keeping down raiding, cattle stealing and smuggling — especially ot intoxicants, and in tliis way are of the greatest possible use — as well as prott'ctini,' i:)eaceable settlers along the border. They also see that the Indians do not leave their reserves, and keep a w^atch on their actions generally. The maintenance of the ordinance agaiiifit starting fire on the prairie, with the punishment of otfendors, is one of their important duties. They are, in short, responsible for the preservation of law and order throughout a district of upwards of 300,000 square miles, and some idea may be formed of the amount of work done when it is considered that no less than 1,546,262 miles were covered by the Force, in the dis- charge of duty, during 1889. It is generally admitted that the Force constitute a remarkably fine body of men, and the regulations for joining are strictly adhered to. 777. The following may be said to be the principal regula- tions : — Applicants, who must make liersonal application, must be between the ajres of '>.' and 40, active, ablebodied men, of thoroughly sound constitution, and must produce certificates of exemplary character. They must be able to read and write eltlur tlie English or French languages, must understand the care and management of liorses, and be able to ride well. The term of engagement is five years, and rates of i)ay aiv as follow : — Staff-Sergeants SI to $1.50 per day Other Non-Connnissioned Officers 8.5c. to $1 " Service Good Total. Pay. Conduct Pay. Constables — 1st year's service 50c. — .50c. per day. 2nd " .... 50 5c. 55 3rd " 50 10 60 4th " .50 15 (55 .5th " 50 20 70 MILITIA AND MOUNTED POLICE. 475 '0 duties, ir is Kxtra {wy in alluwed to a limited number of blackmnithn, caritenterH, and other aitisanB. The miuimun height in 5 feet K incheH, mininmm cheHt nieaHurement 35 incheH, and ijiiixinnim weight 175 poinidH. No married men are engaged. 778. The service is becoming more and more popular, and Popularity many men re-engage for second and third terms. Out of vice. 122 men whose time expired during 1889, 72 re-engaged without leaving, and 17 who took their discharge afterwards rejoined. 779. The average height of present force is 5 feet 9| inches, Average and average chest measurement 37f inches. 780. The deposits by members of the force in the Govern- Deposits nient Savings Bank during 1889 amounted to ^32,929, and Votce. in addition to this a considerable amount was placed in other lianks. 781. There were 644 criminal and other cases tried during Number of 1889, principally for oftences against the liquor laws and the i*^!). prairie fire ordinance. ill. ; ,. ■ .l.^.t. u 476 CHArTER XIV. iU!.'.l.l.'A.',-,«" I ■ !• ■''•:?'v 'tH'-Vvi^ ^i[;-.i.'ri :,i^i :" •■•■1 ■^^i-i.-'n:.'. ^11 INSURANCE. PART I— KIRK IN8URANCE. Fire Assur- ance Com- i)anie8 in 888. 782. During the year 1888 the business of fire insurance in Canada was carried on by 32 active companies ; of these 6 wore Canadian, 21 Britisli and 5 American. Inland Marino and Ocean Marine Insurance were also transacted by 4 of tliom (;{ Canadian and 1 American). This list of companies does not differ from that of the previous year. PreniiuiuM 788. The cash received for premiums during the year, in received '^ o ./ ' and losses Canada, amounted to $5,437,263, beinff greater than that Uftid 1888 '''CO ' received in 1887 by $192,761 ; and the amount paid for losses was $3,073,822, being less than that paid in 1887 by $329,692. The ratio of losses paid to premiums received is shown in tlie following table : — FIRE INSURANCE IN CANADA, 1888. Companies. Paid for Losses. Received for Preminms. Percentage of Losses to Premiums. 1888. 1887. Canadian Companies British " American " 9 750,448 2,094,465 228,909 $ 1,131,9{)1 3,859,282 445,990 (i6-29 54 27 51-33 (;3 21 70 H!) Total 3,073,822 5,437,263 56-53 64 iK) Premiums 784. The following table shows the amount received for arui'iosHes Premiums, and paid for losses, as well as the percentiigo of 1888.' ^^^ losses to premiums, in every year from 1869 : — ?ntage of Losises o Premiums. 88. 1887. 629 4 27 1 33 (i8 1t) ()3 21 70 -Si) 6-53 (U !K» received for INSURANCE. PREMIUMS RECEIVED AND LOSSES PAID IN CANADA, 1W50 1888. 477 Year kndrd SIht Deckmhrr PreniidiiiH rt'tjeived. lK»i» 1870 1S71 1H72 1S73 1S74 187") Ih7t> 1H77 1878 1H7!> 1S80 1881 1S82 1883 1884 lS8r)., 188(> 1887 1888 Total 9 l,78r),63!> 1,!»1«,779 2,321,7UJ 2,628.710 2,1MW,416 3,522,303 3,594,764 3,708,(KKi 3,764,005 3,3«t8,430 3,227,488 3,479,577 3,827,116 4,229,706 4,624,741 4,980,128 4,852, 45 8,4{tO,919 1,822,674 2,14.M98 1,««M»,578 3,169,824 2,664,986 2,S>20,228 3,245,323 2,679,287 3,301,.388 3,403,514 3,073,822 63,734,641 IVrc«'ntage of IjOHMCM to PremiumH. 57 '56 8477 66 73 72 (W WP67 .54-68 71-31 77;« 225 •.58 .54 11 6«) 47 47 '90 82 83 r>3 01 «13 14 <>5 Ki .55-22 »«>-93 64 90 .5«)-53 72 21 785. The total amounts for the whole period were divided Amounts among the companies according to their follow : — * 1* • r^^^ivoci nationalities, as and jiaid by O :om- panies. COMP.\NIEH. Premiums received. Losses paid. Percentage of Loses to Premiums. Canadian Comnanieg • 22,386,048 46,108,832 5,919,104 i 16,334,024 .33,332,022 4,068,695 63,734,641 72 97 British '' 72-29 American " 68-74 Total 74,413,984 72-21 Ultj V -i If the year of the fire in St. John had been excluded, the average percentage of loss would have been 64'04. 786. The next statement shows the business done by the Fire insur several companies during the year 1888 : — ance busi- ness, 1888, 1 1.:!'-^ K'''v'- •■.i • •tit'';'''!*. i^» ' ' ,:i ■JI''." . 4> if I'll' 'J* ■ "• 'I-'' 478 CHAPTER XIV. FIRK INSUKANCK lUSINKSS IN CANADA IN 1H«H. CUMI'AMKM. (irOHH Amount of KiMkH takt'ii. I'r.- niiuiiiH CliarjfHd tliei'ciiii. Ciiiuiiiinn Ci/mjMtnic8. liritiHh Aiiiericft CitizeiiM' liondun Mtittinl Fire .... t>llelH'C Royal Canadian Wf Mtern I Rate of I Hrnni- iiiniH e»Mit, to RlHkM taken. N«'t Net Caili CaMlipaid rectwc^ for ,ur IxwHeH, I Pre- niiuniH. 2(),«wr>,154 11M47,44.J 1(M>B».«7<1 7,214,41W 38.»42,354 273.:W4i 'J41,1»H2 23j '.•■),«W7j 223,<»40l 4«l,;«l I'.r. c lit- IV,,1 tn iV.ni. !>• Ceivwl Totals i2(Mr)8,Wt2 l,4!W,iMi7 AtlttM Caledonian City of London ('oniinercial l^^nion Employers' Liability . . , Fire Innuranee AMHociation (ilaHgow and London (iuardian I)n|>erial Lanca«hire Liver|Kj<)l, London & (Jlobe London and LanL-axhiiv London Axsuranee National of Ireland North Britiwh Northern Norwich Union Phienix of London (^ueen Koyal HcottiMh Union and National Totals. American CuinjHniieg. .^tna Fire Agi-icultural of Watertown Connecticut Fire Hart;"ord Pheni.v of Brtxjklyn Tv*-n's. !>,172,7(>2 ii,r)r)7, 11.32t),(il4 2(i,7\n,V.)l 18,3«51 ,7(;i» ii(,'n4.i5ii 2(),L'n7.40l 1!<;,20!>,37!» 12,H74,c<32 10,33H,733 8,737,Gr)« 31,»;!»5,22« 1«>,2H2,2<>7 !t,!H)l,r>21 20,211,820 21,(147,421 r>l,7«9,721 13,521,945 1 32 12«J 1 27 1 33 1 23 1 18 <>4,23(l 117„!t1»4 175,2,872 ;«il,73.'i 204,54!»! 22(»,881 275,8!»3| 142,712 J»0,5(M) 102,1701 ;i54,0«»5' 11«»,770| 108.8411 238,«.t88j 254,8<»2 550,280 137,!H>3 37»>,540,072 4,3!>4,4(>4 11,525,614 8,4!»4,8.53 4,«K)7,000 11,520,225 8,733,(551 13(5,31Kt 82,331 50,2(k) 137,815 «K),a55 44,881,343 4!M>,8(>5 1 25 1 1(J I 21 152 1 ;«> 1 23 1 l(i 1 35 111 1 17 1 2(i 1 05 1 11 0'88 1 17 1 12 1 23 110 118 118 1-08 1'02 130,784 14(i,037 05,257, 57,070 l.H8!Ni 175,508 H»7.72M 203.727 120,881 87.0.V) 171.8 t(i .S40.^.s 7(» :m 750,448; 1,131,02 80,472 210.775 03,.S34 85,557 lf>4,728 127,3(W 42,8iH) 28,(i05 43,823 l(i.5,052 00,208 4(!,101 !M},785 107,040 284,20!> 02,380 1 17 '.',4, »C.4 I 45,805 l(H!,88(i 153,780 28().iMi;i 48,740 117.721 31it,820 170,807 21.S,44»» 212 01*2 25.si44ri 123,183 7.5,883 73,413 312,003 170,111 80.800 200,427 228,85(1 .523,580 115,01(; ■VJ 02 ti.")(l2 S2 (i7 .'(1) ,so tin ;<7 7(i IM) (W 72 :>! !ti 40 OS III 17 ^4 ,S2 ;t7 70 ."•',1 (l!t "ilVOM :.,s:<7 r.i:i4 411 S!» 4(1 7H r)4 2S ra.si 3,850,283 :)4 27 li 07 10«> 1-20 1 03 1 11 .:.,i^- 121>, 080 .'id 73 47,337 75, 1.S4 (13(10 23,238 42, 515 54 (Hi .58,.5.58 128, 510 45 ■•57 20,034 00,845 37 27 228,SHM) 445, OIK) 51-33 INSURANCK. I J r iHtw. ( lit- Net iih..,.f ior tn Pri.- IPv..,,,. iniuiiiM. I iniiiH 2 171,8 It; :>■ (1 8 1,1«1,!HMI llii .11 AHlt-) KHt.HHti irK%78!t 28«>,iM»;4 4H,74!t n i,l »1 [) aiH.S'.x.t 17!»,807 213,440 •_'r.:{,44(i 123,183 7.*), 883 73,413 312,«M>3 170,111 8»,800 20 34 .S2 37 70 .■)!»■(;'.( 53 (1.x :.S'37 r)i'34 4(; Ml) 4(1 7S .■)4 2.S r)3Mi 3,8r)!»,283 r)4 27 K 1) 12!t,!t8(J .")(i 73 75,1.34 (i3 (H) 42,511*) 54 (Ml 128,510 -!■) ," (K),845 37 27 445,!»iM) 51 -33 787. The biiHiiiesH done l>y the Bntinli tire C'oni|tuuii's ivHultnl HiiNiioHH ill :i Imlunoe in their t'avom "f #752,t)5*), luring an iiu'ivasi> ot Hnti^h ji ),71}J, a8 coinpaiHMl witli 18mT, as shown l»y the tolU)\vin*i: "•"'"""*" 4'i'i'inont :— l'»i(l fcir I< )MH»«M '* Kciifi'nl «'xi)»'iiHeM. 1887. 1888. fl»l|»,0»2 «2,0iM.4«(5 Total «3.:»34,747 !i»3,1(»'..3'J* R»>c«'ivi'(l from pitMiihiiUH .'l,(»»3,'.»!Hi 3.8ry.»,2H4 Bttlnnce in favour • 359.24.S $ 752,».'HJ i'lio adverse halanco, which has been in existeti. »■ every v'lir since 1877, when occurred the disastrous tire at St. .lohn, >. Ii., wlien the losses paid by British companies amounted to t'mir and one-halt' millions, has been at last revtM-sed, there iR'iiig a favourable balance for the period, at tiie clos. of 1S88, of!§l,094,894. 788. The followiiiff is a comparative statement of the busi- Hy .AmtM • .. eiiii f'l Illi- nois done by American companies in 1887 and 1888:— 18H7. 1888. Paid for 1omm.-h lK?25,ltiO ;)!t2.S:i,07.". " gfiu-ral cxiK'Hwe** 116,531 111,405 pan U.S. Total «I441,«!H .42 44»»,7<»8 Balance — S 4iH!SI 102,288 789. A similar comparative statement of the Imsini'ss done HyCana- , -^ ■,. .... Ill (lian Coni- hy Uanailian companies is touiul below : — i)anie.s. 1887. raid for U«hhh *2,3!t7,382 " K^-neral f.\|HinHf.s.. 1,031,<>!>7 " dividends 12.3,423 1888. ..H>8 122,1!»8 Total $3,552,502 .^3,487,32(i Received for preniimn.s .... $.3,34(),,384 Total. .3,471>,8!H) 3,484,42i» Balance -872.(il2. -*2,8!>7 I., t "U P.:y]:'-M Jf ' 480 CHAPTER XIV. 1 '■ • 1* 1 . ProiK>rtion 7P0. For overy $100 received foF premiums the payment ^iv nientJto BHtisli and American companies therefor were as follows : receipts by British and Ameri- can Com- panies. ' — k Companies. For Losses. For Expenses. Balance tor Companies. 1887. $■ 63 21 63 73 1888. 1887. 1888. 1887. IKHK. British 54 27 52 17 27 06 26 39 9 26 22 24 94 9 73 9 88 l!l 51 22 8!( Anie' m The business, it will be seen, was more favourable in 1888 for both British and American companies. ByOana- 791. For every $100 received for income by Canadian dian Com- . .-i , panies. Companies the payments were : — Canadian Companies. For Losses. For Exj)en8es. For Dividends. 1887. $ 68 89 71 63 1888. 1887. 1888, 1887. 1888. For every $100 of income " '* premium $ 67 61 70 37 29 64 30 82 28 96 30 14 3 69 3 51 3 (15 r I *• • Inland Marine Insurance i • ' >* Ocean Marine In ■X'^'i' ;-'>.'!;"'' ''.■ surance. ' i ■ -' ■ « ■4-. * * ', V : ' . ■ * ■ « ■ ' j, Total in- surance In land and Ocean Marine. i* • O <• * *' ; / ■* i 1 Their total cash income in 1887 was $3,479,890, and in 1888 $3,484,429, and their cash expenditure was, in the same years, $3,552,502 and $3,487,326 respectively. 792. The Inland Marine insurance business was, on the whole, more favourable than that of the preceding year, the losses incurred having been 73*10 per cent, of the premiums received, as against 73*84 per cent, in 1887. 793. The Ocean business was also more favourable, the jvo- portion of losses to premiums having been 89*07 and 100*41 per cent, in 1888 and 1887 respectively. 794. The following figures show the total business of l)utli inland and ocean marine insurance in 1888 : — Premiums received .$768,(502 Losses incurred 605,197 " paid «50,098 INSURANCE. 481 [le payment ^y e as foliows : — 8. Balance for Companies. 8. 1887. 1K8K. ! 22 94 i» 73 9 88 l!l 51 22 8!) ourable in 1888 e by Canadian " ' ■ ■ — ^s. For Dividends. (8, 1887. 1888. $ $ .*! 96 14 3 .55 3 «9 3 51 .3 t;5 B90, and in 1888 ;he same years, as, on the whole, vear, the losses iniums received, )iirable, the p'-o- ♦•07 and 100-41 business of both . .|7«8,<)02 605,197 225 )92 ('^,317 10«>,098 795. The total amount at risk against tire in each year, Amount tV(»m 1869, are given in the next table. When it is considered 1869 1888. tliat the very large increase in the amount, upwards of S460,000,000, represents a proportionate increase in the value (if property and in the wealth of the people, it must be admitted that the progress made during the period has been ('onsiderable : — FIRE INSURANCE IN CANADA-AMOUNT AT RISK, 1869 TO 1888. Ye.vk kn'D'^i) 31st Dkc'kmbek Fire Insurance. Ykar kndei) 31st Decem beh Fire Insurance. 18(11) 188,359,809 187(1. 1871 1872 1878 1874. 1875. i87(;. 1877 ]91,.594,586 228,4.53,784 j 251.722,940 ! 278,7.54,835 I .306,848,219 i 3)>4,421,029 ! 454,608,180 420,342,»)81 187S I 409,809,701 ! 1879 1880. 1881. 1882. 1883 1884. 1885. 1886. 1887. 1888. 407,357,985 411,5<)3,271 4(>2,210,968 .526,856,478 .572,2(54,041 605,507,789 611,794,479 .58t», 773,022 634,767,337 650,735,059 PAKT II. — LIKE INSURANCE. 796. There were 80 companies transacting u life insurance Number f T *f ' business in Canada in 1888, viz. : 11 Canadian, 10 British and surance !» American. One new license was issued during the year to ^""'i"""^^ ill! American company, the Germania Life Insurance Company. 797. The value of the insurance eltected during the year Life insur- was $41,226,529, being an increase of $3,218,219. The busi- ^"g'lS" iiess was divide«l among the several companies in 1887 and 1888, as follows :— 1887. 1888. Canadian companies $ 23,.505.549 $ 24,876,2.59 " " ■ ■ ' 3,067,040 3,985,787 Il,4a5,721 12,-364,483 British American $ 38,008,310 .? 41,226,529 Tiie Ganadian companies do a larger share of the busi- ness than all the other companies combined, their share in 1887 having been 61*84 per cent., and in 1888 60*34 per cent. 81 i. n mm ■;:i,- fi-'i ■■' '."vi. • ' it; -^■'' ' '•■ 'i> :'■''■ ■.■iH.K ]\>.v"V ■' V r.-: r^i. I. <■..•; ' '. ■( 482 Life iiLsur ancf effw;ted iSfW 1888, CHAPTER XIY. 798. The following table shows the amount of life iiisur ances eft'ected in each year from 1869 to 1888, inclusive : — AMOUNT OF LIFE INSURANCE EFFECTED IN CANADA IN Km u YEAR, 18(>!l 1888. Ykak Ended 31st Dkcemhek COMPAN'IES. ! Canadian. British. 18(>!» 1870 1871 1872 1873 1874 1875 187<) 1877 1878 187!> 1880 1881 1882 1883 1884 . 1885 , 188(> 1887 , 1888 l,15(i,855 1,584,45(; 2,r)23,i»44 5,27(),85!l 4,«08,!>13 5,25!t,822 5,077,601 5,4(;5,<.M)() 5,724,(548 5,508,550 0,112,706 7,547,870 11,158,47!* 11,855,545 11,883,317 12,026,2(55 14,881,(5it5 1!»,28(M5!I4 23,505,540 24,87(5,259 2,627,302 1,657,430 2,212,107 1,8015,(555 1,704,3:^ 2,143,080 1.(589,833 1,(583,357 2,142,702 2,789,201 1,877,918 2,302,011 2,53(5,120 2,833,250 3,278,008 3,167,910 3,950,(547 4,054,279 3,0(57,040 3,985,787 American. 9,0(5!t,885 8,952,747 8,49(5,575 13,89(5,587 14,740,3(57 11,705,319 8,30(5,824 (5,740,804 5,(5(57,317 3,871,998 3,3(53,(500 4,057,0(X) 3,923,412 5,423,1M50 6,411,635 7,323,737 8,332,(54(5 11,827,375 11,435,721 12,364,483 Totii I2.s:.4.is-j 12,l!M.i;iHi i3.;y2.(iL>ii 21,(17(1,1(1] 2i.(i:);^.(ii,s r.M(is.L'i>i 15,(l7i-J5,S 13,S!l(t.l27 13,534,(1(17 12,l(i!i,7.V) 11,.T)4,:.'L>4 13,!i(>(;,S,S7 17.('>lS,(ill 2,7r),-) 21,57i!.!)(i(i 23,41 7.!llL> 27,1C)4,!IS,S 35.171.;i4S 38. (MIS. .SI I ( 4i,2i'(;,:):".i * Imperfect. Increase 799. The increase in the total amount of insurance in t'orce last "free"' in 1887 ovcr 1886, and in 1888 over 1887, was very large, ^'*''''"'- amounting to the sums of $20,378,574 and $20,067,318 respectively, as shown hy^the following figures : — LIFE INSURANCE IN FORCE IN CANADA— 1886, 1887 AND 18.SS. Companies. Insurance in Force. 1886. 1887. isss. Canadian | H8,181,859 British. .♦. I 27,225,(507 American i)5,(K)8,230 Total ! 171,315,696 101,7JH),754 28,1(53,329 (51,734,187 114,(»34,L>7!I 30,il(»;i.21(l (57,724,(«I4 191,(594,270 211,7(51, Wa INSURANOK. 483 it of life iiisu I'- ll elusive : — [ADA IN KACll Ticim. 152,747 i7 •05,31{> KN>,824 ■40,804 )()7,317 i71,itil8 «)3,23,412 123,1M)0 411, (>35 323,737 S32,<>4(i <27,37r) 435,721 m,483 Tota' I2.s:.i.i:y i2,l!M,(;i)i; la.'yL'.tyC) 21,070.1(11 2i.or)3.iiix l!t,10S.-J21 ir),()74,-.'.\s 13,S!I0.127 I3,r);i4,(;(i7 12,l(i!l,7:u 11,3.H2lM 13,".hm;,s,S7 17.f)lS,()ll 20,ll-.'.75r) 21,r)7-_MiliO 23,41 7.'.I12 27,li'>-l.lW,s 3:), 171.. "MS 38.imis.;mo 41.22lvVJ!l 800. The Canadian companies' share of the increase in 1886 share of over 1885 was 63"64 per cent.; of that in 1887 over 1886, Conips; t)6-81 per cent., and of that in 1888 over 1887, 60-98 per cent. >aiiies sOl. The amounts at risk for both tire and life insurance Life iusur aie often used for the purpose of estimating the wealth and j^eansof i,i()><-ress of a nation, and the amount at risk for life insurance '^^'^xn-it'".*? I' .-^ ' progress lu may be more partioularly used to indicate the progress made, weiiith. not only in wealth, 1)ut in what maj' be called surplus wealth. Y'wv insurance is to a large extent looked upon as a business expt-'use, which must be incurred as necessarily as rent, salaries, ic, and which is tlierefore paid out of the gross receipts. But with life insurance, people far more generally insure in propor- tion to their ability to pay the premiums ; not until after evoiything else is paid, and there is a surplus, is the question of life insurance considered. Life insurance, therefore, being ociierally paid out of surplus earnings of the people, the following figures indicate the very large increase in their [iiemium-paying power during the last few years, and conse- quent improvement in their condition : — m[ surance in force vas very large, id $20,067,318 1887 AND 18S8. ;e in Force. 887. 18S,S. r!K),754 114,034,27'.l [(13,321> : 30,1103.210 •34,187 ' (i7,724,0'.l4 LIFE INSURANCE IN CANADA. Year ended 31.st December AMOUNT AT RISK, 18(1!> 1888. Life. Insurance. K>4,270 211,7til,.W 180it *3.5,()80,0S2 1870 42,()!»4,712 1871 45,82.5,!»35 1872 <»7,234,()84 1873 77,.500.8!Mi 1874 85,71(),325 1875 84,5(;0.752 187G 84,344,1)1(5 1877 85,»>87,tt03 1878 84,751,1».37 1871) 8(5,273,702 1880 1)0,280,2113 1881 103,21)0,1)32 1882 115,042,048 1883 124,1!)(),875 1884 135,45.S,72(i 1885 141».lK)2,14(t 188() 171,315,(;;)() 1887 11)1,01)4,270 1888 211,7(51, .583 Life insur- ance in Canada, 18(50-1888. ■k-i 0I2 ,1- L'l i ■' "'I ! ■' ■ m ■ • 12 • '■■'. ■>■'!. IVk*.- !■• ■ ■ 'J • r (r- If ■■,!* ^ ; 'L -..ri. ■8'' ■ L • ■ i' <'■•"•■ :■ '■jM', v •• ^H ■:■ :. '-"«• '^^■. I^'i^ 1' ■ ■'■ v..r Ipi ■■■■',• ■ ■■ *'■ ■ 'J» #■■/••■'/ ■ •■■,','■*' Ivj !,' 'i '^z .; •■ ■' *. • ■; ■ ■ '" r,' -Ui--' ■' ' .'•''■,:■ ; ' f', ' , ': k ^ • i;'.'Mi' i Mi 'i r■■.^'^"'4 n k :.>•.•« ■'' 1) M i«l •.!■.;=-■,: i^>ii 1 1 484 CHAPTER XIV. Life inmir- 802. Thc following tables will enable the progress of tho Companies total biifiiuess to be tracer! during the past fourteen years. lM)tli 18,5 1S88. ag i-egards tho amount of iusurance elFccted from year to vcar and the total amount in force : — AMOUNT OF LIFE INSURAXCK EFFECTED IN CANADA Dl'IilM; THE YEARS 1875 TO 1888. 1875. 187(>. 1877. . 1878. 187!>. . 1880. 1881. 1882. . 1883.. 1884.. 1885. . 188(i. . 1887. . 1888. . 1875 187(5 1877 1878 187!> 1880 1881 1882 1883 1884 1885 1881) 1887 1888 Yk.\k. Canadian CunipanitiH. British I American Companies, i Companie.'i. Tnt.-i 5,077,(501 5,4(t.'"),y(>(i 5,724,(548 5,508,5.5(i (5,112,70() 7,547,87(5 11,158,47!) 11,855,.545 11,883,317 12,»2(5,2()5 14,881,(5!)5 ll»,28!>,(ii»4 23,505,54!! 24,87(5,259 l,(i8<»,833 1,(583,357 2,142,702 2,78!>,201 1,877,!»18 2,302,011 2,.53(5,120 2,833,250 3,278,(X)8 3,l(57,!HO 3,<»50,(;47 4,054,27!t 3,(Mi7,040 3,985,787 S 8,30(5, (5,740, 5,(>(i7, 3,871, 3,3(5.3, 4,057, 3,!»23, 5,423, (5,411, 7,323, 8,.3:V2, 11,827, 11,435, 12,3(54 823 804 317 !»!»8 COO 000 412 !M)0 (535 737 ()4(i 375 721 483 l.">,,-,,> 13,S!i(Mi;7 I3,r);i4.i;(i7 12.1(i!i,7.u 11,:<">4.L'L'4 13,!)('ll.SS7 17,(il.s,ii]I 20,1 iL', ::),-, 2i,r)7i.',!i(i(i 23,417,!ilL> 27,lt;4,',i,s,s 35,171,;<4S 38,(»0S,3iii 41,22i;,.-)2il AMOUNT OF LIFE INSURANCE IN FORCE IN CANADA 1875 TO 1888. Year. Canadian Companies. 21,957,2!H5 24,()4!»,284 2(5,870,224 28,(55(5,55(5 ;}3,24(5,543 37,838,518 4(5,041,591 53,8.55,051 5!),213,(M)!> (5(5,519,958 74,591,139 88,181,8.59 101,79(5,754 114,034,279 Briti>!h Companies. 19,4.55,(507 18,873,173 1!»,349,204 20,07^ .533 19,410,829 15), 789,803 20,983,092 22,329,3(58 23,511,712 24,317,172 25,930,272 27,225,(507 28,1(5.3,329 30,003,210 American Companie.s. Total. 4.3,5!l(i,3(51 40,728,4(51 3!», 4(58, 475 30,01<5,848 ,3.3,(51(5,330 33,(54,3,745 3(5,2()(5,24!t .38,857,(52!l 41, 471, .5.54 44,(51(5,5!)(5 49,440,7a5 .55,908,230 (51,734,187 (57,724,094 .s 85.<)l« 84,7r)l,!IH: S(i,27.'i.7()2 91,272, U'l; l03,2!K»,!):t» 115,042,(»48 124,liH!,87r) l.r),4.').S,72f; 14lt,!)(;2,14(; i7i,3ir),t;!H; 1!»1,(1!I4.270 2li,7<) N CANADA. merican T.)t:ll. inipaiues. ■^ •S ^,.')!l(5,3(51 «:).()()! 1,2(14 ),728,4(51 84,2r)0,ill,s (,4(58,475 85,(;,s7,!io;5 5,01(5,848 84.7M.H37 },(51(5,:^iO S(i,27;!.7()2 i,(54.3,745 !tl,272,12r. 5,2(S(5,24!t 103,2!H),i(;t> <,8i".7,(521» 1 15,042, (I4K 1,471,554 124,l!l(;,87r) »,(51(5,5i»(5 l.T.,45.S,72t; >,440,7a5 14!t,!t(52,14(; j,i(08,2.30 I7i,3ir),(iii(; 1,734,187 l!)l,(i!t4,270 7,724,094 211,7(51.5S;5 INSURANCE. 1-85 803. The average amount of policies in force in 1888 was Average «_>» mi • 1 ji • 1 r^r-,n 1 • auimuit of S1j57. Ihis amount was larger than m 1886, but not quite iM.iicieH in 1 • 1 • 1 oDfT force, 1888. 30 liigh as in 1887. .\VKRAC4E AMOUNT OF POLICIKS IN FORCE IN CANADA, 1888. Companies. POLICIKS. Nuiulwr. Amount. Caniidian . Hritish . . . Anifiican . Total. (57,258 ' 14,740 I 37,(53(5 I 113, 4(53, 31^8 30,(M)3,210 (5(5,740,(57(5 11!),(534 210,207,224 Average Auioiuit. $ 1,(587 2,035 1,773 1,757 The average amount of the new pohcies was, for Canadian companies, $1,694 ; for British companies, $1,884, and for American $1,936, the corresponding amounts for 1887 having been $1,843, $1,943 and $2,085. 804. The death rate was higher in 1 888 than i)i the two preeed. Death rate iiig years, as shown by the following table : — INSURANCE DEATH RATE IN CANADA, 1885 1888. 1888. 1887. 188(5. 1885. C().MPANIKS. Nvnnl)er of Lives Ex- |M)sed to Risks. Numlxsr of Deaths. Death Rate i)er 1,000. Death Death Rate. Rate. Death Rate. Active Companies. . . . Assessment " .... Kftired " 9(5,473 12,028 .5,875 831 117 138 8.(514 9.727 23.489 8..317 9.120 17.943 8.1.32 7.997 1.5.817 9.(540 (5.207 1(5.041 Total 114,37(5 1,08(5 9.495 8.955 8.(55f> 10.011 The death rate as given in previous issues of this work will 111.' found to (litter from the figures in the above table, the rea- son being that the data for the oaloulation of the deatli rate wore considerabl}- augmented in 1888 l)y the admission ot the moan number of policies in force and the number of policies toruiinated by death during the year, as an approximation to ^K: J!ii ■j 11; I ;(fM Mr--' \k > '-•.•'/ii.'.', I af miUi ■•'''•■ ■■' '^i'- ' lit'-.''- ^' '■ :i>-i.:i '^:;^^^'^.v •'■■■:■ ^ ; -v.-. ■' lv;/Tl!;:i..;.:.|:R:|:.:'-ij I.; f •>! 'a':. ■■■''.;i.i.M' >♦..■•<& I ■ ... I'i v; jtl ■': ■;/', ' ''I'liH'. ^ ; ■ . ' . i • .i''f\^ . ' J; 486 CHAPTER XIV. the moan number of lives exposed to risk, and the numlK r ,^f deaths dnrini?the year respeetively, in the case of those Cdin- })anies which did not report that item. The death liUc liai* therefore been entirely re-i-alculated for the last 4 years on this Itasis, and it is believed that the present fignres reitriscnt tlic actual mortality among insured lives in Canada, as aceiuatrlv as they can possibly be ascertained. 805. There was an increase of $422,012 in the amount nf insurance terminated naturally, /. <'., by deatb, maturity or expiration, in 1888, as compared with 1887, the amount last year having been $2,867,533 ; and an increase of $4,3:)(i.')87 in the amount terminated by surrender and lapse, the total amount so terminated having been $18,375,555. Pmniinii 80(3. The ncxt table gives the amount of income from pic- 18(19-1888. miums received by all comjianies in each year from ]8ii!i to 1888, inclusive : — INCOME FROM LIFE INSURANCE PREMIUMS IN CANADA 18(19 TO 1888. [llsUl'illlCf termin- ated. Ykah ended .31st COMP.VNIES. Tut ill. Decemhek, Caiiadiiiii. British. American. 1869 1870 164,910 208,922 291,897 417,(528 511,235 638,854 707,25(1 768,543 770,.319 827,098 919,345 1,039,,341 1,291,026 1,562,085 1,652,543 1,8(19,100 2,092,986 2,379,238 2,825,119 3,1(56,883 515,741 .531,250 570,449 .59(1,982 594,108 (12tt,808 623,29(5 597,155 577,364 586,044 .565.875 579,72i» 613,595 674,362 707,4()8 744,227 803,980 827,848 8!K),332 928,667 5.57,708 729,175 9!K),()28 1,250,912 1,492,315 1,.575,748 1,5.51,835 1,437,612 l,2f>9,724 1,197,535 1,121,.\37 1,102,058 1,190,068 1,308,1.58 1,414,738 1,. 518,991 1,72,3,012 1,988,6.34 2,285,954 2,466,298 .s l,l!.SS..Sr.!) 1.4(i!l,;U7 1871 1872 1..S.CMI74 2,-_'(i.\:iL'i.' 1873 1874 1875 1876 1877 1878 1879 1880 1881 1882 1883 1884 1885 . 2,:)!i7,(i.\s 2,S44.41il 2,ssL',:{s7 2,s(i.s,;,;^lS 4,(n;i,!)7S 188(1 1887 5,l!t.\7L'0 (i,(Mii,-,(i:i 1888 (1.5(11, S4S Total 24,104,328 13,1.58,280 28,202,640 (15,4(ir),24S INSURANCE. 487 [N CANADA .s 708 i,i.'.ss,nr)!i 175 1.4(i!l,a47 l)2S l,.S.cMi74 !»12 2, L>(;:.,, ■)!'•-' ilh 2,.-)!i7,(l,\s 748 2,S44.U(t S35 2,8S2,:10,(;77 ■)37 2,()(m;.7:)7 )5H 2,721,12S MW .••i,(l!l4,(iS!) 158 .s,r)44,(i(ir) r38 .S,774,74!t )!»1 4,18l>,;^1S )12 4,()1ii,!l7S W4 r.,i!r),72(i )r)4 (i,(Hn.-.<'"i jiw (),r)t;i,s4s HO G5,4(M,24S 807. The total amount paid to poHev-holdors duriuu- 1887 rayments 1 1QQC ' ' tnlK)llcy iiiid 188b was : — 1887. 1888. Deatii claims (inckiding bonus additions). . . . !Sl,!IO.S,17il .?2,214,(»01 Matured endowment " " 2C.7,7!»r) :m,V,)7 Annuitants (»,743 Ki.HDl Paid for siirrendered policies. 287,08!» 28(1,442 Dividends to i)olicy-holders 770,3!l!» r){K),ti!l8 holders 1887 and 1H88. $3,235,20.') .«i3,440,72i> The amount received for premiums was $6,561,848, thcre- foio for every $100 of premium $51,70 was paid to policy- liolders, and $48.30 carried to expense, profits and reserve ; ill the preceding year tlie proportions were $52.99 and $47.01, respectively. 808. The following tables give the condition of the Canadian I'ompanies in 1888, showing their assets and liabilities, income and expenditure : — CANADIAN LIFE COMPANIES, 1888. ASSKTS ANI> LlAHIMTIKS. Financial l^osition of Canadian Companies 1888. Companies. Assets, Liabilities including Reserve, but not Capital Stock. Surplus of Assets over Liabilities excluding Capital. Capital Stock l.aid up. Surplus of Assets over Liabilities and Capital Stock. Canada Life Citizen' (Life Department). . . . Confederation 8,954,0(i4 270,(i!»9 2,.542,042 120,«32 l(j(),03!) 204,775 203,810 <>60,919 1,207,587 1,520,855 86,359 $ 7,906,718 275,937 2,2(56,457 (!1,008 82,256 169,071 127,008 555,849 1,213,972 1,364,279 .52,978 1,047,345 27K.584 .59,625 83,783 35,704 76,803 111,0()9 8.3,615 1()5,.576 33,381 8 12,5,000 * 100,000 21M72 79,912 33,6.50 127,320 60,000 None. 62,.500 60,000 $ 922,345 * 175,584 Ddiniuion Safety Fund Federal t30,452 3,871 London Life 2,053 Manufacturers' Life. . North American 51,069 ( liitario Mutual Sun 83,615 103,07(» Tiiiiperance and (ieneral Totals 16,042,781 I4,075,.533 1,967,247 677,554 1,289,693 *The capital in this company is also liable for its other departments, so that these culiunns cannot be filled up. t Including $20,840.91 l)elonging to Mortuary Fund. :ll':' '.<■ !1 1« i;.-"- \. IW;''''-'''} ■ *'i' 'i ■''■"'■■. lir'J :' '•' '::'■' -H '••' ■'■' fi:.]r:iii ..''■:-. -'••: lli - ■'^^>r■'^:"•■v■ ■ :: iv^^Y "" . ■^^'i■i f '^■ • 'i "'' > ■ it ■'■;■ ■■ la , . .,;:i..i:<,,./;-;?W.,;r;- v:.^ 14 : . 1 ' ' .u-l*' '';i ■■'■,■■. ■ • ,■*■ • 1 .Mi:.'' ■,,)■', 488 CHAPTER XIV. CANADIAN LIFE COMPANIES— (7(>uc/H(/fl'l"s ..f to '/^^""•'^J , toStoc'k- Kxifndi- '"'"IV" Policy Kx,.enses.; ,,,,,^,^,.^ '^„,^ ov.r Kx- holders. i iKiulituiv. f>!»r),840 15»,823 204,320 22,957 111,752 14,881 !»,(>50 58,75!» 122,804 137,630 18,000 1,410,515 237,32*; 2<),(>»)5 124,«5«5 11.512 52,:H)(> 28,485 87,231 70,540 71,035 124,022 2!>,410 874,057 25,0,881 143.108 104,820 270,0iii,;;,sii N(HU'. 7i,:)()ii 14,!»1() ••41.1177 12(i 4(;,n4i; 124 i,ii,()ii;i NoiU'. •Ml.Uil !tfl3 i-.'2,7i:. None, 2(13,(1111 n 3i»3,()75 7,403 r)02,(i4(i None. HS17 And the expenditure during the same years was : — Paid to iM)licy-holcler8aml annuitantw. (ieneral expenses Divi(Jends to stockliolders 1887. 188 Sll,405,(>8(i 81,41(>,.^t.. 7»i,8l»> 874,(557 70,202 r)2,»'.52 Total »2,212.V34 82,343,824 810. From the above figures, therefore, it appears that out Pioik)!- of every $100 of income received the comi>anies expended : — myments . . from in- Paid to policyholders (iciieral exiH-nses Uividends to stockholders. Reserve come. 1888. ..-)8,l()6 7:^3, L>U 47,338 24,171 341,123 30(),r);Vi 34,47, 782, 1)38 Consideration for annuities 5,3!>1,230 Interest and dividends (less tax) .S0,7K4,!KM> Increase in value of investments 1,1(55,!(.')(> Fines, fees, &c . , 3!t,420 Cajntal paid up. ... 47,000. Conversions made in tliis otHce. Assess- ment Com- panies. Life Assur- ance Com- panies in the I'nited Kingdom, 188U. i , . ■■':■ J ■■'■'•■ in . !'•■•- „ i ,. \r •:,'^^ n' i hi .■t':/ • ..i.f '. '.'' 'i 4:^' If tt ... ■ v. i-'l . ■ ' ;i ' '. '■ ■ V .' ' ' ■ *' 'I . S a"' . ■*■-" '■ ' . ■■• ii;^' •■,". * ■ 'i ' 1- ;•#'■:-■'■:■ -J :.mMX''.: ■ ' '■ ■■'.'". •■ I" " ■■ :'t.i:'^-i>iiii. -J » • 490 Accident Insurance. CHAPTER XIV. KXI'KNDITUKK. < "liiiniH .K»3,r)41,()'_'H Cash iMnniwes and reduction of iireiniuniH ■),17r),427 .\nnuities .S.C.K.jVio Surrenders 4,32.*!, 14'J f'dinniissions 3,4r)l,(!('>!l K.\|M'nses of nianaKeinent t»,it.H2,iV,tl Had debts (;,4(Mi I )eer»'ase in value of inveHttueiitH 332,1(1(1 Interest, dividenrls and InuuiseH to slmreliolderH 2.il2S,H33 Miscellaneous (irKMUd Total !3I80,!M10,78(; Percentajfeof ConiniiMHiouHand K.xiK-nsei of Management to I'reniiuui Incuuie, ]:r2. per cent. .\SMKTS. 1HH8 S!». .Mortpipes *37!>,!>7it,Hl'.» r>ritisli (idvernnu'Ut securities 2(>,8i((i,4r»() Indian and Colonial (loverinnent securities (»(>.!•( IS, 33r> Foreij^rn (Jovernnieut securities 1/,4(»2,8(17 Debentures, shares and stocks 1-^1 737,it32 Land and house property and ground rent ")/..')7(),4(>i» Miscellaneous 231,!l5,(i;!r> Total »y 9 companies, viz., 5 Canadian, 3 Britisj: and 1 American, and Guarantee business by 3 companies, 1 Canadian, 1 IJiiiish and 1 American. One Canadian company was added to tlie list, by tlie Canada Accident Insurance Company. The busi- ness done in 1887 and 1888 was : — AcciDEXr. 1887. 18HS. Premiums received 193,715 30,()C.7,i»82 K;i,318 8 24! •.(MS Amount insured 38,(t7S.(M;(i Paid for claims 112,(122 (tLARASTEE, Premiums received 64,478 J),072,850 20,(;!)2 ()2,:)4!i Amount guaranteed 10,l(l7,2()4 Puid for claims 22,r)Si» 1 iiiiuni Ineotiic, I'l'j. INSURANCE. 401 814. Plate ii!;lMSf< insurance was transacted by 2 coniitanios, I'lat.^,' i«n 1 Britirtli and 1 American, reBpectively. The prenuunis re- ceived during the year were ^:i8,0ll8, tlie amount in torce waH $;J44,0iraiice 41 " " iiHSf'HHiiit'nt pliin 5 " tin' iiisiiraiici' 32 " inland marine iiiHuraiice 7 " ocean marine " 3 " accident " i> " guarantee " 3 " steam Iniiler " 2 " plate glasH " 4 816. The total amounts of deposits held by the Receiver DeiKisits General, for the protection of policy-holders, amounted on .Vnn'ientr 17th June, 1889, to the sum of ^14,584,772, and there was also deposited with Canadian trustees the sum of $670,697, making a total of #15,225,469 tor the protection of policy- holders. This sum was held among the different classes as follows : — .-«! 15 24!I,04S ■<2 38,(>7S.(Mi(l IS 112,01.'2 78 (;'j,r)4!) 50 10,lli7/-'04 !)2 22,.JSi» Fire 8 4,170,«)02 Life 10,702,(187 Accident, &c .S82.180 « 15, 255, 401) 817. The total amounts received for all forms of insurance Total Re- in 1887 and 1888 were :— lAl^' \Vv}\ ■m ii A ■" • ': I'* J "ill I • • •.-'■'' -< . ' , ! fii:&' ..:•■■■ ■.■'.■■■; ' 1. 1 Al :■ P ■ ^. ' 1 • .-'1 ii.:'^^.:l •i!' t-":!^ :*<: .-•i"; 492 CHAPTER XIV. Ykah. COMI'ANIKM. Cuiiailiiin. HritiMli. 18«7. 1888. t 4,r.(>r),«t'',4 "»,(C>(),337 4,«W3,7(K> 4,S41,t>l4 Aineriuan. Total. 9 2.(W7,770 3,lt>8,2(MJ I 1'2.177,I4H i;i,7 And those were divided among the diflerent elansed in tlio followinff sums : — Clams ok HlHlNKMS. 1H87. IHSS. Fire i M(»,71!t 274,r)2S (),(K)l,4(>r» 'J!»8 l Life ( AMsesmiieiit) Accident 24IHI4S (Juarantee ti2,.")4!l Plate (ihiHw 2«,(H>8 18,1, S3 Hteani IJoiler Total 12,177,143 13,(M)(>,ir)7 Totul. 11. !<( 70 Mi 12,177.1 C! 13,0orrt in Part ir, wliich *M)ntainH tlic ('luint»;o!S inado dnrini^ tiic Session of 1890. P»v moans of tlio index, the duty on anv article ami tiie onU'r in wiiieli it is jdaced in the tahle on pp. 152 to ITo can 1)0 found iininediatelv. CUSTOMS TARIFF, CANADA, ISIIO. 1. 2. 4. 5. «. 7. 8. {». 1(». 11. 12. 13. 14. 1.5. l«t. 17. 18. lit. 21). 21. 22. 23. 24. 25. (lOODH SiriUKCT TO Dl'TlKS. .Void, H\il|iliiiric Nos. 1 iind 2. Acid, iiinriatic and nitric. Acid, Htdiihiirio and nitric combined, and all mixed acidw. No. «iO. Nt). 4. Ale, liftT and inirtcr, when iniiiortt'd in l)ottlcs (six (luart or twelve pint lM>ttles to Ik- lieUl t(i contain one Imperial gallon) Ale, l)eer and iK»rter, when im|Mirted in caHks or t>therwi«e than in lM)ttleH Almonds, shelled Almonds, not slielled Aniline dyes, not otherwise pi*ovided for Nos. ") & (J. Nos. 7 *. 8. Aslnmtos in any form other than crude, and all manufactures thereof No. !». Babbit metal Bagatelle tables or boards, with cues and balls Bags, containing tine salt, from all countries Nos. 203 & 204. No. 10. Rei)ealed. No. 11. liells of any description, except for churches Billiard tables, without |KKkets, four feet six inches by nine feet or under • •. • ; On those of over four feet six inches by nine feet k'. p. lb. 20 p. ct. 25 p. ct. ISc p. I. g. JOc. p. I. g. iK'. i)erlb. 3c. i>er lb. 10 p. ct. 25 I), ct. 10 p. ct. 35 p. ct. 25 1). ct. 30 p. ct. *22.50 $25 I;. - !:. V" h-, 1' J 'h^' ••f ' . ' I ]:■■'■:.■ k^h *^U .••■.^■.•iM mi ;' ivfNlf 1:1k, 1 ..^..^N;*^^P ,■■'■•■ r 1^ f'l:,. ^l.;,-^ ■ .i'. ..■• .11. !'>■:■: ■'•^'; *:.•- ":. f .'■. "' '' ■ J ■ ■• * 3< r- .>^'-' . ii! > ■■.It *■ V-" ' ' ■ . ;■ ■■■■: %*■'*! .>h-;:/:|- •.■:•; i:.' '■"•'■ ^^■i^ll1•^^■■ ,..'.N." .'/^ I.'^^m;- :^; ^cf m;-m^: .■■, ';i;:S.': if '■''■.! ''j- ■■ > - • ■ ■ • ■ m^- :.':< *■,', ■•>;;*■ ■; ■ ■. . ••' 'Ml- ;! .. 494 2(>. 2S. 29. SO. SI. 32. ;«. 34. 35. 3(i. 37. 38. 3il. 40. 41. 42. 43. 44. 4"). 4('.. 47. 48. 4!». 50. 51. .52. .53. 54. 55. 56. 57. 58. 50. «0. «1. ((2. (13. 04. ()5. (Mi. «7. «!8. G!>. 70. 71. 72. 73. 74. APPENDIX A — PART I. On hilliiird tables with packets, five feet six inches liy eleven feet oi' under And on all over five feet six inches by eleven feet And in addition thereto (each table to include twelve cues, and one set of foin- balls, witii markers, cloths and cases, but no pool balls) No. 215. No. 12. Blueing — Laundry blueing of all kinds (1887) No. 13. No. 13. Books, printed, periodicals and ][)aniphlet8, not elsewhere*S>i)eci- fied, not being foreign re|)rnits of liritisli copyriglit works nor blank account ))()oks, nor copy Inniks, nor Inioks to l)e written or drawn upon, nor Bibles, prayer-books, psalni and hynni-biHjks British coi)yright works, reprints of .?35 $40 15 i>. et. 30 p. ct. 15 J), ct. 15 [). ct. and 12.i p. ct. 5 J), et. 10c. p. 11). <>c. p. i)k. 1.5c. )). Ih. and25ii.it. Bibles, praver-bot>ks, psalm and hvmii-lxK)ks No. 14. No. 15. Printed music, boun-1 or in she»'ts Playing cards Labels for fruit, vegetaliles, meat, tisii, confectiotiery and other goods, alst) tickets, i)()stei's, advertising lulls antl folders (1«S7) No. 17. Boot, shoe and stay laces of any material No. 18. Br.as.s, in bars and Ixilts, drawn, j)lain and fancy tuliing (1887). . No. li>. Brass, manufactures of, not elsewiiere sjjecitied No. 20. Breadstulf s, grain and Hour and meal of ;U1 kinds, when damaged by water in triiii*it,u, twenty |)er cent, iid vd/orciii uiH>n the appraised value, -such ai)praised v.alue to l)e ascertained oh provided by sections 8, 71, 72, 73, 74, 75 and 7. ^c. p. lb. 50c. p. lirl. ::c. p. II I. 20 p. ct. 25 p. ct. Ic. p. 11). 4c. p. lb. 25 I), ct. 10 p. ct. 2c. I). 11). CUSTOMS TARIFF, 1890. 495 en lid ,S35 $40 no ir. p. ct. 30 p. ct. »ci- rks md 15 p l.-.p 12ii 5 p. ct. Ct.illlll ). ct. ct. 10c. p. 11.. )ic. ). jik. liei lei> liV. and ).. 11.. 2r)p.ct ... 30 p. ct. 7). . 10 p. ct. . . . 30 p. ct. ged tlie \m The 20 p. ct. I'k. p. lisli. lOc. u. hA\. T.'iC. p. lisli 10c. p. lisli Uc. p. 11.. 10c. p. hsli ir)c, p. i>sii 10c. p. l«^
  • li .ic. p. 11.. 40c. p. 1)1-1. 2c. 1.. 11 >. ^c. p. 11.. nOc. |). l.rl. 2c. p. U.. 20 p. ct. 25 p. ct. ).. Ic. p. 11>. 4c. p. 11". 25 p. ct. . 10 p. ct. . 2c. p. n>. »i). VI- 77. 78. 7!». SO. SI. S2. S3. S4. S5. St>. S7. SS. S!l. ilO. ill. 112. !I3. 114. (15. ;•(). !>7. IIS. !l!>. 1(10. 101. 102. 103. 104. 105. 1(H>. 107. IDS. 10!l. 110. 111. 112. \VX 114. 115. , p. l)il. p. hsli. Candles, ]>aiaftine wax. : .5c. p. lb. Candles, all other, including siH^nn 25 p. ct. Cane or rattan, s))lit or otherwise manufactured 25 p. ct. Cans or packages made of tin or other material, containing fish of any kind admitted free of duty under any existing law or treaty, not exceeding one (juart^in contents, one cent and a half on each can or package ; and when exceeding one art thereof l^c. )>. qt. Canvas of hemp or flax, and sail twine, when to l»e used for boats' and shijis' sails 5 p. ct. Capliiis, unfinished Leghorn hats 20 [). ct. No. 25. Buggies of all kinds, farm waggons, farm, railway or freight carts, pleasure Ctarts or gigs and similar veliicles, costing less .*<10 each than fifty dollars and 20 p. ct. Costing fifty dollars and less than one hundred dollars (1887). . S'15 each and 20 j.. ct. All such carriages, costing one hundred dollars each and over (1887) 35 p. ct. Railway cars, sleighs, cutters, wheel l^arrows and hand carts. . . 30 p. ct. Children's carriages of all kinds 35 p. ct. Celluloid, moulded into sizes for handles of knives and forks, not lv)red nor othtrv ise manufactured ; also, moulded cel- luloid balls and cylinders, coated with tinfoil or not, but not finished or further manufactured (U.C. 12th April, 1887) ... 10 p. ct. No. 154. Cement, burnt and unground 7A c. p. 100 lbs. Cement, hydraulic, or water lime, ground, including Imrrels. . . 40c. Cement, in bulk or in bags Itc, Cement, Portland or Koman, shall be cla.ssed with all (tther cement at s]H'cific rates as alnn'e provided. Cheese 3c. p. il). Chicory, raw or green 3c. p. lb. Chicory, or otiier root or vegetable used as a substitute for coffee, kiln dried, roasted ».r groiuul 4c. p. 11). China and jx.rcelain ware 30 p. ct. Cider, clarified or refined 10c. p. I. g. Cider, not clarified or refined .5c. p. I. g. No. 2(i. No. 27. No. 28. Clothes wringers (1887) SI each and 30 p. ct. No. 29. Coal, bituminous (JOc. p. ton of 2,000 lbs. Coal dust 20 p. ct. Coal tar and coal pitch 10 p. ct. No. 30. Cocoa nuts .«!1 p. 100. Cocoa nuts, when imported from the i)lace of growth by vessel direct to a Canadian jM.rt 50c. i>. 100. Cocoa nut, desiccated, sweetened or not. 8c. p. lb. No. 31. No. 32. Coffee, green, from tlie Ignited States. 10 [j. ct. Coffee, ix)asted or grtnind, from the United States 3c. p. lb. andlOi). ct, Coffee, i-oasted or ground, and all imitations of and substitutes for, not elsewhere si»ecitied 3c. p. lb . Coke, i)er ton of 2,C0O ixjunds .... 50c. p. ton. .i...i \\i£^ \.i)J m\i^^ '••■■.•■■..'I 496 pi..' II^''. •'•■>:f''Ml ■.fi ' i^ ■' I'M:' >.;;''.A;.- • .. -u '«■■■■■■',«•' i '■• 1 :■•.','■■ life' ,*j<.^'r' ■ ■•■ IKi. 117. 118. 11!>. 12(». 121. 122. 123. 124. 125. 12(;. 127. 12S. 12!». 130. 131. 132. 133. 134. 13.5. 13«. 137. 138. 13!». 140. 141. 142. 143. 144. 145. 14(5. 147. 148. 149. 150. 151. 152. 153. 154. 155. 156. 157. 158. 159. APPENDIX A PART I. No. 34. No. 3(5. Nos. 113 and 114. No. 3.-). No. 3. No. 43. Corks, and other niannfacture.s of coi-k wood or cork biirk 20 p. ct. Bed foiiiforterH or cotton Vied (jnilts, not including woven quilts or co»niterjtane.s (1887) 35 p. . s(|. yd. cotton or canton flannels, not stained, painted or printed . . . and 15 p ct No. 44. Cotton wadding, batting, batts and warps, cariiet warps, knit- ting yarn, hosiery yaru and other cotton yarns, under nuuilwr 2o. p. 111. forty, not bleached, dyed or coloured and 15 ]>. ct. And if bleached, dyed or coloured 3c. p. II i. and 15 p. it. Cotton warp, No. (»0 and finer 15 p. ct. Cotton warp, on beams Ic. p. yd. and 15 p. ct. Cotton seamless bags 2c. p. Ih. and 15 p.ct. No. 45. Cotton sewing thread, in hanks, black and bleached, three and si.\ cord 12i p. ct. Clothing made of cotton or other material, not otherwise pro- vided for, including corsets, and similar articles made up by the seanistre.ss or tailor, also tarpaulin, plain or coated witli oil, paint, tar or other composition, and cotton bags made ui> by the use of the needle, not otherwise provided for (1887) 35 p. ct. Lampwicks 30 p. ct. Nc). 4(;. Printed or dyed cotton fabrics, not otherwise siiecitied (1887) . . 32i p. ct. All manufactures of cotton not elsewhere s|)ecified 20 p. ct. Crapes of all kinds 20 p. ct. No. 47. . D.amask of cotto'i, of linen, or of cotton and linen, bleached, unbleached or coloured 25 p. ct. Drain-tiles, not glazed 20 p. ct. No. .50. Earthenware and stoneware, viz., demijohns or jugs, churns and crocks (1887) 3c. p. gal. Earthenware and stonewart!, brown or coloured, and Rocking- ham ware, white granite, or iron-stoneware, "C.C."' or cream-coloured ware, decf)rated, printed or sponged, and all earthenware not elsewhere 8i)ecified (1887) 35 p. ct. Emery wlieels 25 p. ct. No. 148 (d). Essential oils for manufacturing puri)oses 20 j). ct. Excelsior for ujjholstorers' use . . 20 p. ct. E.xtract of beef or fluid beef, not medicated 25 p. ct. No. 51-52. Fireworks 25 p. ct. 1 ishing rods 30 p. ct. No. 116. Flax fibre, scutched Ic. p. lb. Flax hackled 2c. p. lb. Flax, tow of, scutched or green ic. p. lb. Flax seed fOc. p. bsli. Flag stones, sawn or otherwise dressed (1887) $2.00 p. ton. Apples 2c. p. lb. t.. . CLISTo IS TARIFF, 1890. 497 KiO. Kit. 1(i2. 1C.3. 1(14. 11)5. Itlll. 1(17. KIK. l(ii». 170. 171. 172. 17:i. 174. 17(1. 177. 17S. 17!i. ISO. isi. 1SL>. \XS. 184. IS.-). ISd. 1S7. ISS. IS! I, liH>. litl, lit'. 1!W. 1!I4. 1!!.".. l!l(i. 1!I7. IDS. RaisiiiH le. i>. lb. and 10 p. ct. Currant.s, dates, tigs, jmines, and all othtr dried fruits, not else- where snecitied Ic. p. lb. No. .53. No. r>4. No. 57. No. 55. No. m. Set also No. 324. (4rapes 2c. p. lb. Oranges and lemons, in boxes of capacity not exceeding two and one-half cubic feet 25c. yi. box. In one-half l)oxes, capacity not exceeding one and one-fourth cubic feet 13c. p.i liox. In cases and all other packages, {H^r cubic foot holding cap.acity. 10c. p. eft. In bulk, jier one thousand oranges or lemons $l.t>0 p. 1000. In barrels not exceeding in ca[>acity that of the one hundred and ninety -six jKnuids tlovn- barrel (18H7) .55c. p. brl. Fruits in air tight cans or other packages, including the cans or other i)ackages, weighing notoverone ixmnd, three cents \Kr can or package, and three cents addition.al per can or package for each pound or fraction of a |)oiind over on-- inmnd in weight — the rate to include the duty on the cans or other packages, and the weight (jii which duty shall be payable to 3f. ]). 1 lb., include the weight of the cans or other packages canor pkge. Fruits, preserved in brandy or other spirits .^l.iK) p. 1 g. Fur skins, wholly or i)artially dressed 15]). ct. Caps, hats, niutfs, tipi»ets, cajw-s, coats, cloaks and other manu- factures of fur 25 p. ct. Furniture of w(M)d, iron or any other material, house, cabinet or oftice, finished or in parts, including hair and spring and other mattresses, l)olsters and i)illows, caskets and coffins of any material 35 p. ct. Rei>ealed. Show cases S2 each and 35 p. ct. (ias, coal oil or kerosene fixtures, or parts thereof 30 p. ct. No. .58. (lermaii and nickel silver, manufactures of, not plated 25 p. ct. Flasks and phials of eight ounces capacity and over, telegraph and lightning rod insulators, jars and glass balls, and cut, .5c. p. dozen l)ressed or moulded tableware (1887) and 30 p. ct. No. (iO. No. (>1. No. <)3. Nos. (iii and OG. No. (i2. Nt). (»7. No. ()8. No. - Ush .. .• -• It- * , 1 I ; • .1 ' J ^' •ij • «! 1 ^ ' I '• Ml 498 APPENDIX A — PART I. litit. Nitro-glycerine lOc. p. II). and L'()|i. u. 200. (ititta-i)erclia, mtinufaetvin's of lia p. ct. 201. Hair-cloth, of all kind.s 3o p. ct. 202. Hair, curled 20 j). ct. 203. ilandkerchiefs, cotton or linen, jJain or printed in the i)iece or otlierwine 25 p ct 204. \o. 12. 205. Harness and saddlery of every description (18H7) 35 it. ct 20(). No. 75. 207. No. 7<>. 208. Hops (ic. n. II,. 20!>. No. 4. 210. Nos. 77 78. 211. N().s. 225-220. 212. India-rubber vulcanized handles, for knives and forks 10 ]). ct. 213. Ink for writing 25 p. ct. 214. Axles and spnngs of iron or steel, parts thereof, axle bars, axle blanks or forgings for carriages other than railway and tram- way vehicles, without reference to the stage of manufacture Ic. \>. Ih. and (1887) 30p. ct. 215. Bar iron, rolled or hammered, comprising flats, rounds and s(juares, and bars and shapes of rolled iron, not elsewhere specified (1887) 813 per ten. 210. Barbed wire fencing of iron or steel l^c. p. II). 217. Boiler or other plate iron, sheared or unsheared, skelj) iron, sheaied or rolled in grooves, and sheet iron, common or black, not thinner than numlH-r twenty gauge, not elsewhere specified, including nail jtlate of iron or steel, sixteen gauge and thicker (1887). 813 iicrton. 218. Buckthorn, and strip fencing of iroii or steel IJc. p. Ih. 21i*. Cast iron forks, not handled, nor ground oi otherwise further manufactured 10 ]i. ct. 220. Cast iron pijH? of every descrijjtion 812 per ton but not less than 35 p.ct 221. Cast iron vessels, plates, stove [Jates and irons, sad iron.s, hat- 810 per ton, tens' irons, tailors' irons and castings of iron not not else- but not less where siwcified than 3(1 \>. ct. 222. Chains (iron or steel) over nine-sixteenths of an inch in diameter 5 p. ct. 223. Comi)ositioii nails and spikes and sheathing nails 20 p. ct. 224. Cut nails and spikes of iron or steel (1887) Ic. p. 11). 225. Cut tacks, brads or sprigs, not exceeding sixteen ounces to the thousand (1887) 2c. [». l. ct. 230. Forcings of iron and steel, or forged iron of whatever shajte or lie. p. lb. m whatever stage t)f manufacture, nut elsewhere specified but not less (1887) than ',V) p. ct, 231. No. 81. - 232. Hoiise fui-nishing hardware, not otherwise provided for 30 p. ct. 233. Hoop or band or scroll or other iron, eight inches or less in width and not thinner than number twenty gauge 813 jtei- ton. '2i>\ Hoop or band or scroll or other iron, eight inches or less in width and thinner than number twenty gauge (1887) 12A \>. ct. zuo. Iron bridges and .structural iron work (1887) l^c. p. lb. hut not less tliaii 35 p. ct. 236. Iron or steel car axles, parts thereof, axle bars, axle blanks or forgings for axles, and car si>ring8 of all kinds, and all other $30 j). ton I>nt springs not elsewhere sitecified, without reference to the not less than stage of manufacture (1887) 35 p. ct. CUSTOMS TARIFF, 1890. 4'J9 2;<7. Iron or stet^l railway bars and rails for railways and tramways, of anv form, pnncl-ed or not punched, not elsewherf sitfui- ficd (1887) !§(•) per ton. ■j;iS. Iron or steel rivets, holts with or without threads, or nut or liolt lAc. j). 11). blanks, less than three-eighths of an inch in diameter (1887). and .SO p. it. '.';?!(. Iron in pigs, iron kentledge and eu-it scrap ii'ou (1887) !*4 per ton. 240. luiii in slabs, blooms, loops, pvidd.i'd luirs, or other forms less finished than iron in bar.--, and more advanced tlian i)ig iron, except castings (1887) $9 per ton. •J 11. Xo. 2(Mi. •2\2. Knife blades or knife blanks, in the rough, unhandled, for use by electroplaters 10 p. ct. l'W. Locomotives and other steam engines, Ixiilers and machinery composeil wholly or in part of iron or steel, not else- where sjjecitied 30 p. ct. Proviumps 35 p. ct. •J."ii». Railway fish-i>lates (1887) $12 jjer ton. i"il. Rolled iron or steel angles, channels, structural shapes and special sections, weighing less than twenty five iKunids per Ac. a lb. lineal yard, not elsewhere specified (1887) and 10 p. ct. l'.'")2. Rolled iron or steel Vteams, girders, joists, angles, channels, structural shai)es, and special sections, weighing not less than twenty-five pounds ]tev lineal yard (1887) 12A p. ct. ■-•.■>3. Rolled iron or steels lie.ams, girders, joists, angles, channels, eyebar blanks made by the Kloman process, together with all other structural sliajies of rolled iron or steel, including rolled iron or steel bridge j)latenot less than three-eighths of an inch thick, nor less than fifteen inches wide, when imported by manufacturers of bridges for use exclusively in in the manufacture of iron and steel bridges (1887) 12A p. ct. 2.")4. Safes, doors for safes and vaults scales, balances and weighing beams of iron or steel (1887) 35 p. ct. 2.")5. Screws, connnonlv called " w(R)d screws," two inches or over in length (1887) . ' 6c. p. lb. One inch and less than two inches (1887) 8c. p. lb. Less than one inch (188/) lie. [). lb. 2.")(1. Sheet iron, common or black, smoothed or jxilished, and coated or gah anized, thinner than No. 20 gauge, Canada plates, and plate of iron or steel, not less than thirty inches wide and not less than one-fourth of an inch in thickness (1887) I'^ip. ct. 2.")7. Skates (1887) 20c. p. pair, and 30 p. ct. 2")S. Steel ingots, cogged ingots, blooms and slabs, by whatever process made, l)illets and bars, bands, htxjps, strips and sheets of all gauges and widths, all of alx)ve classes of steel 30 p. ct. )ut not elsewliere provided for, valued at four cents or less per not less taan iwund (1887) '?12 per ton. 32J ■ih. i 500 APPENDIX A PAHT I. !/• ■■■'■'■■ } ' ■:'-.V(' K-'3 >■'•', ■'■■ ' <.' ,i«^'| mm I m i ■■'. ! I- 25i», 200, L'Cl 2(52. 2(J3. 2t>4. T 2(i5. 2<)>). 2(>7. 268. 2(>!>. 270. 271. 272. 273. 274. 275. 27r.. 277. 278. 27{t. 280. 281. 282. 283. 284. 28.5. 28«. 287. 288. 28y. 290. 291. Except ingots, cogged ingots, blooms and slabs uiwn which the specific duty shall be not less tiian (1887) ,>J8 per t, ,,_ When (if greater value than four cents i)er iniund (1887) 12.'. \). ct. Provided that on all iron or steel bars, rods, strips, or steel siieets, of whatever shape, and on all iron or steel liars of irregular shaim or section, yold rolled, cold hannnered or polished in any way in addition to the ordinary i)rocess /\c. inr 11., of hot rolling or nannnering, tiiere shall be paid (1887) additidim'. Provided further, that all metal produced from iron or its ores, which is cast and malleable, of whatever descrii)tion or form, without regard to the percentage of carbon contained therein, wiiether produced by cementation, or converted, cast or made from iron or its ores by the crucible, Bessemer, pneumatic, Tliomas-Gilchrist-basic, Siemens-Martin or t)pen heartii process, or by the e(|uivalent of eitiier, or by the combination of twoor more of the processes or their equivalents, or by any fusion or other i)rocess which produces from iron or its ores a metal either granulous or fibrous in structure, which is cast and malleablt, except what is known as malleable iron castings, shall bw c assed and denominated as steel (1887). Provided further that all articles rated as iron or manufacture of iron, shall be chargeable with the same rate of duty if made of steel, or of steel and iron combined, unless otfier- wise s[)ecially jmjvided for (1887). Steel needles, viz. : — Cylinder needles, hand frame needles and latch net^dles 30 p. ct. Swedish rolled iron nail rods, under a half-inch in diameter, for manufacture of hor.-ne-lialf inch in diameter, of rolled steel (1887) lo p. ct. Wrought iron tubing, threaded and coupled or not, over two inches in diameter (1887) la j). ct. Other wrought iron tul)es or pi|)es (1887) i'r, e. p. Hi, and 3(t p. ct. Wire rope of iron or steel, not otherwise providwl for (1887). ... 2.5 p. ct. No. 20«i. No. 85. No. 211. Manufactures, articles or wares not specially enumerated or j)rovided for, comiK)sed wholly or in part of iron or steel, and whether partly or wholly manufactured (1887). . . 30 p. ct. Iron sand or globules, and (Iry putty for {K)lishing granite 20 p. ct. No. 8(>. Jewellery and manufactures of gold and silver 20 p. ct. Jute cari)eting or matting and mats 25 ji. ct. Jute, manufactures of, not elsewhere si)ecified 20 j). ct. No. 87. Lamp black and ivory black 10 p. ct. No. 88. No. 89. Lead, old, scrap and ing 40c. p. KIO lbs. Lead, bars, blocks and sheets (iOc. p. KH) lbs. No. iK). No. 91. Lead, and all manufactures of lead not otherwise sjiecified 30 p. ct. No. 92. Boot and shoe counters made from leather board 4^. p. pr. Leather, sole, tanned, but rough or undressed iO p. ct. !/'■• CUSTOMS TARIFF, 1890. 501 •J!t3. :.'!t4. •.".I"). •.".Iti. :;'.t7. :;(>(). :m. :w2. ;!i>3. :<(t4. lit),"). ;iiM». ;io7. oO,S. ;.-). No. !>4. .Japanned i)atent or enamelled leather (IHH7) 25 j). et. Cordova leather, tanned from horse hide, and nianufaettues of, 25 p. ct. All other leather and .skin.s, tanned, not otiierwixe specified . ... 20 ]>. ct. NoH. 217 218. No. !)7. No. i)8. Litliogi'aphic stones, not engraved 20 p. ct. Malt, niKin entry ff)r warehouse, snhject to e.xcise regulations. . 15e. p. bsh. No. («>. Machine card clt)thing 25 p. ct. No. Wi. Manilla hoo. ct. Mustard cake 20 p. ct. No. 321. Mustard, ground 25 j). ct. Nickel anode.s 10 p. ct. Nuts of all kinds, not elsewhere specified 3c. ]>. lb. No. ik;. Oils, coal and kevosene, di tilled, purified or refined ; naphtha. l>enzole and )H'trolevim ; products of ]»etroleum, coal, shale and lignite, not elsewhere s))ecitied. edicated 20 p. ct. Lard oil 20 p. ct. No. 107. Rei)ealed. No. 108. All other lubricating oils 25 p. ct. Neatsfoot oil ■ 20 p. ct. Olive ( )r salad oil 20 p. et. Sesame seed t)il 20 p. ct. Oil cloth, floor (1887) 5c. p. h(\. yd. and 20 p. ct. No. lOi). No. 110. Oi)ium, prei)ared for smoking ... . $5 j). lb. Organs, cabinet, viz. : — on reed organs liaving not more than two sets of reeds $10 each. Having over two and not over four sets of reeds .^15 " Having over four and not over six sets oi reeds -^20 " t^, ... I ■ . -•<.'.■ . 1 ,• . .,..'>'•.;- 502 AP1'EN1>IX A — PART I. M:\'-V- Wh"^ i" 1-' ■ •■•■I - : »V . I,-'. jui ' ■' ^ .. . •.. );> .■ .■ i '!>■■-'' -!''"-^ ■■■•': ip' %; • H.n-: •■■' KIlMr IV.' '. H' ■"■ . m i 'J ■ *■■ 34H. 344. ;<4:>. 34ti. 347. 34S. 34tt. ;i')(t. H.M. 3r.i». ;r)3. .sr)4. 3.").'). 3r)(;. 3.-)7. 3r)S. 3r)!t. 3(;(>. 3t;i. 3(;2. 3(13. 3(14. 3(;»;. 3(i7. 3GH. 3t)9. 370. 371. 372. 373. Having' over six sets of r^^^ rls And in udditidii tluTftcj, on tlif fair inarkt'f value thereof. . . Organs, i)ii)e orpins, and sets or parts of sets of reeds for cab- inet tjrgans No. 111. Nos. 114-115-117. Repealed. No. 112. No. 114. I'aris green, drv No. 118. Paper of all kinds, not elsewhere specified (18H7) Manufacturers of jiaper, including ruled and lH)rdered i)apers, papetrie.s, lK)\ed papers, enveloi)es and blank iKHjks (1}^H7). . I'ajter, tarred (1S87) No. 120. No. 121. .Mill-l)oard, not straw-board No. 122. No. 123. Nos. 124-14S (, ). Phosi>hor bronze, in blocks, bars, sheets and wire No. 12-). All s(piare pianofortes, whether round -cornered or not, not over seven octaves All r)ther square piaiiofortes I'pright 1 iianof(jrtes Concert, semi-concert or parlor grand jnanofortes (1SH7) .«i3() " 1"> p. ct. -•) p. ct. 10 p. ,t. 2.') p. ,t. 3.'"> I ). It . Ac. p. 11,. 10)1. ct. 10 |.. ct. Parts of jiianofortes Nos. 127 and 12H. No. 12<.t. Picttire frames, as furniture I'ins, manufactured frtnn wire of any metal .SV( also No. 171. Plants, viz.: — iriiit plants i sjR'cified No. 172. No. 173. No. 174. No. 17'"). Plaster of Paris, or gypsum, ground, not calcined !S!2r) fiu'll. .■*30 " .( » •' antl 20 p. ct. 2.") p. ct. not elsewhere 374. Plaster of Paris, calcined or manufactured . 375. 37»). 377. 378. 379. 380. 381. 382. Per barrel of not over three Inmdred jKiunds Plated cutlery, namely, knives plated wholly or in part, costing inider three dollars and fifty cents jier dozen (1887) 35 p. ct. 30 p. ct. 20 11. ct. 10c. 11. 1(11 1 lbs. 15c. p. IIMI lbs. 45c. p. brl. Plated ware, all other, electro-plated or gilt, of all kinds, wlie- ther plated wholly or in jtart (1887) Plates engraved on wtwd, and on steel or other metal No. 130. No. 131. Pomades, French, or flower odors jireserved in fat or oil for the purjKJse of conservinjj; the odors of flowers which do not ItCcar the heat of distillation, when imjiorted in tins of not less than ten |»ounds each No. 132. Projnietary medicines ; to wit : — All tinctures, pills, jxmders, troches or lozenges, syrui)s, cordials, bitters, anodynes, tonics, i)lasters, liniments, salves, ointments, pastes, drt>ps, waters, essences, oils or medicinal preparations or compt)si- tions recommended to the public \nider any general name or 50c. p. doz. and 20 p. ct. 30 p. ct. 20 p. ct. 15 p. ct. CUSTOMS TAKIKF, 1890. titlf as s|K'citi»'s for any (linfiiHt's or nfffctioiis wliiitHot-vt-r atfcctiii^(tlic luinian or animal Inxlics, not otluTwisc piovidcd for ; all li(|ui. (Jnill's L>(» p. ft. •M\. No, 13(i. IW7. Ribhonn of all kinds and mate: an 30 p. i-t. ;WH. N(;. 137. :W!l. Sails for boats and siiiiis, also ti-nts and awnings 25 j). ct. 3!M>. Malt, coarse (nt)t to inchidc salt iiniK)rte(l from the United King- dom or any liritish jKjssession, or salt imported for the use of the sea orK'ilf fisiieries, whitli shall l)e free of dnty) (1H87) 10(,'. ji. lOOlbs. :«»!. Halt, fine, in bnlk (1887) l(»c. p. lOOlbs. 3!I2. Salt in bags, barrels or other i)ackages (the bags, barrels or other jiackages to bear the same dnty as if im]Kirted empty) (1887) l.'K'.p. KJOlbs. ;{i»3. Saltiietre 20 ]>. ct. 3!I4. Sann-paper, glass, flint and emery-i)aper (1HS7) 30 |i. ct. ;«•.'). Nos. i:iS-13i»-140. '.VM'), Screws of iron, steel, brass or othftr metal, not otherwise pro- vided for (1887) 35 J), ct. ;«»7. No. 141. ;{',(>•. Sewing machines, whole, or heads or i)arts of heads (jf sewing -SS each and machines (1887) 20 p. ct. 3i«». No. 142. KK). Shingles 20 p. ct. 401. Ships and other vessels built in any foreign country, whether steam or sailing vessels, on application for Canadian register, on the fair market value of the hull, ringing, machinery, and all appurtenances,— on the hull, riggnig and all appur- tenances, except machinery 10 ]>. ct. On lK)ilers, steam engines and other machinery 25 j). ct. 402. Shirts of cotton or linen (1887) •'i'l p. doz. and 30 p. ct. 403. Silk in the gum, or spun, not more advanced than singles, tram and thrown, organzine, not coloured 15 p. ct. 404. No. 143. 405. Silk velvets and all manufactures of silk, or of which silk is the comiK)nent jiart of chief value, not elsewhere si)ecified, excejit church vestments 30 p. ct. 400. Silk jilush netting usmI for the manufacture of gloves 15 p. ct. 407. No. 30i>. 408. Slates, school and writing slates Ic. each and 20 p. ct. 409. Slates, rting slate, bhick or blue (1887) 80c. p. sq. Red, green and other colours 81 p. sq. In eac^h case when split or dressed only. 410. Slates of all kinds, and mainifactures of, not elsewhere specified Ic. p. sq. ft. (1887) and 25 p.ct. 411. Slate mantels 30 ]>. ct. 412. Soap, connnon brown and yellow, not jjerfumed .... He, p. lb. 413. No. 140. ■ 414. Soap, i)erfumed or toilet (the weight of the inside packages and 10c. ]i. lb. wrapi)ers to 1)« included in the weight for duty) ... and 10 p. ct. 415. No. 147. 410. S(K;ks and stockings of cotton, wool, worsted, the hair of the 10c. ]>. lb. alpaca goat or other like animal (1887) and 30 p. ct. 417. Siwctacles and eye glasses (1887) 30 j). ct, 418. Spectacle.s and eye glasses, parts of, unfinished (1887) 25 p. ct. 41!), Spices, viz. : — Gniger and spices of all kinds (except nutmegs and mace), ungr^und 10 p, ct. 503 .,Ai •;■■ i .■ ^-i |i: hf- ' ■ ■■■ 1>r' •■••-■•• ■ ,■; li;'' • \.' 1 :'>-»V-;-: 504 Al'PKNliIX A — I'AUT I. (iriMiml -*) |i. cr. 42<>. Niitiiif^^H luul mucH 25 p. it. 421. No. 14H. 422. No. 14H. , 428. Nu. 148. 424. No. 14S. 425. No. 14H. 42(1. No. 14H. 427. No. 14H. 428. No. 148 (r). 421». No. 148 (r). 430. No. 14!>. 431. Cliainpa^ii*- .iiul all other sparkliii)/ wiiit's in Inittles contniiiiuK each not more than a (piart anu nioiv than one \)int .*(3 p, ddz. Containing not more tiian a pint eacli, and more tiian one-iialf pint. Sl.ijOp.d,,/. Containing one-half pint eacli or leNw ~'k: p. dny,. liottles containing more than one niiart each, sliall pay in addi- 81.")0p, |, i|. tion to tlu'ee dollars jier (ioscen iMittles for ail (imt I (jt. p. I Kit. The (luartH and pints in each case l>einjif '•''' ^^'hie measure ; in addition to the alH)ve 8|)ecitie duty there shall he an it(/ rdloi'cia duty of 30 p. ct. 432. But any licpiors imiH>rted under tiie name of wine, and con- taininur more than 40 |>er cent, of spirits of tlie strength of pr(M)f hy Silic ft, 438. No. 154. 43J». No. 224. 440. No. 223. 441. Straw lK)ards, in sheets or rolls, plain or tarred.. 40c. p. KiO lbs. 442. Sugar, melado, concentrated melado, concentrated cane-juice, concentrated molasses, ctmcentrated heet root juice and con- Ic. p. lb. 7<' Crete, wlien im|K)rted direct from the country of growth deg. test & and pnxluction, for refining puriH>ses only, not ovei' number 3.k'. p. lOo fourteen Dutch standard in colour, and not testing over lbs. for em li .seventy degrees by the |K>iarisco])ic test, and for every ad- deg. al>ovc ditional degree siiown by polariscoi>ic test 70. 443. Sugar not for refining puriM)ses, not over number fourteen Dutch standard in colour, when imported direct from the country of growth and pnnluction free on board at the last Ic. ]>. lb. & |K>rt of shipment 30 j). ct. 444. All sugars alH)ve numlier fourteen Dutch standard in cokmr and refined sugar of all kinds, grades or standards, free on He. )>. lb. it board at the last |K)rt of shipment 3o j). ct. 445. On all sugars not imiH»rted direct without transhipment from 7i p.c.i if tlif tlie country of growth and prfuluction there shall be levied dutv payiililc, and collected ad(\itiunid. 44(5. Provided tiiat when any cargo of sugar imi)<)rted for refining puriHJses is fotmd to grade, in i)art, above numl)er fourteen Dutch standard in coloiu-, such part to the extent of not exceeding fifteen iter cent, of the wiiole of tlie cargo may Ije admitted to enter by iK)lariscopic test 447. No. 157. 448. No. 15«). 441>. No. 15«. CUSTOMS TAHIKF, 1890. 505 m. \:>'2. ».J4. I. "..">. m. If)?. 4r)8. 4r)it. 4t;(). 4(i2. 4()3. 4(i4. 4(»r). 4I>*>. 4(i7. 4(W. 4(>i». 470. 171. 472. 473. 474. 47;"). 47(). 477. 47H. 471>. 4H(). 4S1. 4H2. 4S:i 484. 485. 4,S(>. 4H7. 488. 48!l. 4!M». 4!»1. 4!»2. 4!t.S. 4!t4. 411.'). 4i)(;. 4!t7. 4!)8. No. 157. No. l.-)8. Kf|»'iilt'(l. No. KM). (lluioHf 1)1 iO'tqt*' stijfiir, til lit' »lii.H«f'l mxi nvti-dforddiy an Htufur iic<'- KUI. Ci>iriii'H and oiKaivttes, the Wfiglit iif ciKaretten t(i iiicliidf tin- weiiflit of tlu' paptT covt-ritiK (1887) Axt'H of all kindH, ad/.cH, liatcln'ts and liaminerH, not elru'whtre siH-citit'd (1887) ClioppinK iix»'.s (1887) Ic. II. 111. 10 p. ft. 20 p. ct. !?2 JUT lit, and 2.*) p. it. Files and raspH (iarden rakes, two and tlnve-pron^ed forks of all kindH, and iiocs (1887) Hav knives, and four, five and si.x-pronj^ed forks of all kinds ■(1887) ,..._ ,. ... Mowinjj machines, self-liindin^ liarvesters, harvesters without liinders, binding attachnients, reapers, sulky and walking plougiis, and all other agricultural inacliinesand implements not otiierwise provided for (1887) No. 1(17. No. lt!8. Scythes Towels of every de.scription No. ITS. N.I. li". No. 178. No. 17!>. No. 180. No. 181. No. 807. Turiientine, spirits of Nos. i.:;t.170 No. 18;-). 'I'yjie for printing TviH' metal N'o. 18»;. Nos. 187-.S23. Nos. l(i!»-170. ^'arnishes, lacciuers, japan, jajian drieis, licpiid driers, collodion and oil finish, not elsewliere specified (1887) ... Vasseline, and all similar preparations of in^troleum f.ir toilet, medicinal or .itlier pur)Ki.ses, in liulk And in Inittles or other packages, not over one jiound in weight 3.") p. ct. !j(2 11. (hi/,, and 10 p. et. iSr» p. ct. oc. eacli and 2.5 II. ct. !?2 I. do/,, and 20p. (!t. Ii"> p. ct. •*!2.40p. doz. '25 p. ct. Ill t aoh Potatoes (1887) Tomatoes, fresh (1887 No. 188. N.I. 189. N.i. liM>. No. 191. No. 1. Nos. 1!>3-1!»4. Watch actions or movements (1887). 10 p. ct. 20 p. ct. 10 p. ct. 20c. p. gal. and 25 [i. ct. 4c. p. lb. (ic. p. lb. 15c. p. bush and 10 p. ct. 10 p. ct. ,i;Jil^ t ' , 'i 1 ; M ' ' ■ • ) > ' ^i v' '•• \t r • 'I .-I If ' . v ill-'. ' ',v ■■■ ^j*^ i (14' ■-■*■': ' ^:l^ ,/^' ■[' ;■■■ t'. v^«Ji.V ■■:■ ■.■•;■;■■: L m%: 500 APPENDIX A — PART I. 4!t!t. No. \u:>. .■||H(. WiiKfVH, (liicktil, Mtri|H(l or fiuu-y fntt«m ovfr tw»'nty-Hvf 2c. p. nii, vi. iiiclifs wi.i.' '. ... (iiid i:, i',;, ,^ "lOl. \Vinc»'\> of 111! kinds, imt ntlitTwiHi- |irii\ idcd for 'j'J.\ \>. tt. .■|Oi». Win -ilntli, (if IdiiHM iiiid lopiMr "JO ii. ct :.•»;«. N(., Iil7. :>04. N.I. 1!»H. .■|(>."i. Hiilw, H|Hik«'M, fi'lliK'"*. and piirtH nf \v1i»'»'Ih, i'oukIi lu'wn «»r hiuvii only . i:» p. (t. .">(Ni. l^iiinlN'r and tiiiiliiT, iKit I'isi'W |ii>i'i- s|N>ciKfd 20 p. t-t, ."i(W, MciiiidinK'M tif wuud, f^ildfd or otlHTwinn furtluT iniiiinfiiot\ir»d tlmn plain HO p. (f .•|. Nos. 201-202. .M(i. 'I'rehle in^rrain, three-ply and two-ply carjH'tM, cominwed wholly lOc. p. si|. of wool yown conii>in(j w(miIs, or wools known as lustre wools, jind othei' like comliin^' wools, such as ure grown in Canada. . . . lie. )i. lli. '>'3K Nos. 203-223. Zinc, seandess drawn tubing 10 p. c. .")24. Zinc, m.anufactures of, not elsewhere H|R'citied 2.') p. c. .'j2.">. All giKids not einnnerated as charged with any duty of Customs, and not declared free of duty, shall lie charged with a duty of twenty ]ier cent, ntf mhirtni, when imiMirted into Canada, or taken out of warehouse for consumption therein. 42 V., c. !.">, Schedule A ; 4.S V., c. IS, s. 1 ; -44 V., <•. 10, s. 2 ;— 45 v., c. rt, ss. 1, 2, 3 ,ni ;— 47 v., c. »», s. 2 ;— 48-40 \'.. . . Cil, ss. 2, 3, 5. ti, 7, H aiul ;— 40 v., c. 37, ss. 1 anil 3. 1)1 TiE.s (IN Fish and Predicts (vk the Fishkries : — .•)2.' S III .lly lOc. p, S(|. yil. iiiid L'li olll- p. It. t.Ml, 5('. 1. S(|,yi|. am L'Op.'t. iiiiy nth 17^ p. ct. mill ;. 55<», TmI. 552. .55:i. 5r)4. 55.5. 55C.. 5.57. .558. r>5!». rm. 5«1. 5«2. 54W. rm. 5('>5. r><»(i. 5*-.8. 5«)!>. 570. 571, Ami ill (piartt r Ixixi'^, tmnHiiiiiiK iint muri' than four inchts ami thro'-iinartiTH lon^, tliro' an\ ics ami wanlim's .'<<• p. vt, Salinnn ami all i>tlnr tinli pn-iiari'il ui |»riMirviil, iiiiliidiiiKiiyHt^TM, nut Min'iially I'linniiTati'il or proviili-il fur 25 p. it. ( )ysti'rK, Nhrllril, in Itnlk lOo. p. ^al. OystiTs, I'aniiril, in raiiH nut ovi-r Dm* pint, inrlmlin^' thf can. . Mr, p. can. OyHtcrs in caiiH ovim' uni- pint nnil nut uvcr uni- quart, inchulin^ the v,k.v. 5c'. p. can. OyHti'i'K in can.i cxci'i'din^ uni' ijiiait in capacity, an additiunal duty fur each ipiart ur fractiun uf a ipiart uf capacity u\cr a ipiart, including the ciuih. .... 5c. p. i|t. Oysters in the shell 25 p. ct. Package cuntaininKuyMt«'rs or ntluT fish, tint ntlierwise provided fur 25 p. ct. Oil, s|H'rinaceti, whale and nther Hsii nils, and all other articles the prniliice nt the fisheries, nut s|H'ciallv pru\ ideil fur. lS-4(( v., c. (11, s. 4, ;«//'^ '. 20 p. ct. KHKK (JOODS. .\jraric ; Nn. 2H0; Nn. 221 »; Nu. 2:n ; Nn. 2;«; Xu. 2^2: Aiiiher^^ris ; Aniinunia, siilphnte uf ; Nn. '2M ; Nu. 2H5 ; Aniline nil, crude ; Nu. 2a(i ; Animals lirnn^rht intu f'anada teinimrarily, and for a i>erind nut exceediiif? three iiiuiiths, fur the |iur|M)se uf exhiliitiun nr I'nmpetitiun fur i.ri/.e., uH'ered liy any a^'riciiltiiral ur uflier assiK'iatinii ; (I5iit a ImhiiI shall l)e first (fi\ en in accurdance with remilatimis jnescrilied liy the Minister nf Ciistuins, with the cumlitinii that the full ilutv tn which smli animal would ntherwise !«■ lialile sjiall Iw paid in case nf their sale in Canada, nr if nut re-exi>urti i| w jthin the time specified in such loiid.l Animals foi' tin .uprovement of stock, \i/..:- Horses, cattle, sheep and swine, under »-,-»i;uIatiuns made l)y the Treasury Huard and appruved by the t>rHnnal and hniiseti(il(leff..,.t , not merchandise, of British subjects dying abroad, but lomiciled in C'anada : Hej)eali'd ; No. 240 ; Arsenic; Nu.28(i; Articles fur the use uf the (Jnvernnr (leiieral ; Articles for the jtersonal use of Cunsuls ( oiieral ulinare natives nr citizens of the country they represent, and who are not engaged in any other busi- ness or jutifession ; Articles iunM)rted by and for the use oi the Domininn (Jnvernment or any of the departments thereof, or by and for the ISenate nr Hnuse of Commons, i.^i:' •V . • f ^. fi-l:' MS''.' ■'^'' ■'/■■' |1P'),;.■•••\.^;•■■ '■;•',., [5vi '.■■<. , ■ '^ '• li'sV-"' ' ''■■ '■■,:'i'"'' '■(•■■.; J; '.■■■' «■■ ■ ' '■ • •' I*" "^ '■ i ' I . ( 7 ■ . . J , . ' .'■■ 1. . . * ^ '■ Li" ', '■ ■ ii- -."•,/ !'■•■■•■ ■ ,': !•"/■„'.■■'■ ..'•,■! ' ■ ■■•:ri .V... : ,i, ,-. , if ic ' If! •i;M^r S'V'itt :t<; li-»'*,k: •;■;.. 508 572, 573. 574. 576, 577. 578. 57!t. 580. 581, 582, 583. 584. 5a5, 58(i. 587. 588. 58i>. 590. 5i>l, 502, 593. 594, 595, 59(). 597. 598. 599, «>00. «01, 602, 603. 604, 605, ()(m;. 607. ^m. 60!>. (ilO. 611. 612, 613, 614, (>1.5, 61(). 617, (>18. (>19. (i20. 621, APPENDIX A PART I. including the followingarticles when imiwrtedby the said (Jovernnient or through any t)f tlie Departments thereof for the use of the Caiuidiaii Militia :— Anns, nnlitary clothing, nnisical instruments for bands, military stores and munitions of war (1887); The following articles when imiKirted by and for the use of tlie Army and Navy: — Arms, military or naval clothing, musical instruments for bands, military stores and numitions of war (1887); Bamboo reeds, not further manufactured than cut into«suitable lengths f^r walking sticks or canes, or for sticks for umbrellas, parasols or sunshades ; Bamlx)os, unmanufactured ; Barrels of Canadian manufacture exported, filled with domestic petroleum and retiu'ned empty, under such regulations as the Mixiister of C\ist(>nis |)rescril>es; Barilla ; Rejiealed ; No 241; Bees ; Belladonna leaves ; No, 242 : Berries for dyeing or used for comiwsing dyes ; No, 311 ; ' No, 243 ; Bolting cloths, not made ui» ; Bones, crude, not tnanufactured, burned, calcined, ground or steamed ; Bone-dvust and lK)ne-ash for manufacture of phosjihates and fertilizers ; No 244; Books, educational, imiKU-ted exclusively by and for the use of schools for the de.af and dumb and blind (1887) ; Boracic acid ; No, 246 ; No, 247 ; No, 248 ; No, 249 ; Bristles ; Britannia metal in pi^s and bars ; Brimstone, crude, or in roll or flour; Brim moulds for gold Vieaters ; Bromine ; Broom corn ; Buchu leaves ; Buckram for the manufacture of hat and bonnet shai)es ; No, 250; Burgundy pitch ; No, 251 ; Carriages of travellers and carriages laden with merchandise, and not to include circus troo[)s nor hawkers, under regulations prescril)ed by the Minister of Customs ; No, 253 ; Casts, as models, for the use of sch(K)ls of design ; No, 230 ; No, 254 ; Canvas, jute canvas, not less than fifty-eight inches wide, when im]K)rted by manufacturers of fliwr oil cloth for use in their factories ; Caoutchouc, unmanufactured ; Cat-gut strings m- gut cord for musical instruments ; Cat-gut or wiiip-gut, luinianufactured ; No. 255 ; No, 2524. Cinnabar ; 625. Citrons, and rinds of, in brine, for candyinfj ; (»234. No. 261 ; <».35. Coir iind ct)ir yarn ; 6338. Cotton waste and cotton wool ; (m. No. 263 : 640. Cork w(kk1, or cork bark, uinnanufactured ; 641. No. 2(i6 ; 642. Cream of tartar, in crystals ; (>43. No. 2(i7 ; 644. No. 2(W ; (i45. No. 2(>8 ; (i4(!. Dragon's blood ; r)47. Duck for l)elting and hose when imiJorted by niamjfactiirers of rubber goods for use in their factories ; (>48. Re|)ealed ; 64!*. DyeiTig or tanning articles, in a crude state, used in dyeing or tanning, not elsewhere specified ; »>50. Eggs; 651. EmlM)ssed books for the l)lind ; iM. No. 26!l : (W3. No. 270 ; .5!(. Fire clay ; (560. No. 272 ; 661. Fibre, vegetable, for lisanufactining piu'iKises ; (k)2. Fjbrilla ; (M»3. Fillets of cotton and rubber, not exceeding seven inches wide, when imiwrted by, and for the use of, maiuifacturers of card clothing ; <>. Flint, flints and groimd flint stones ; (!<57. Foliai digitalis ; «MW. No. 274 ; 66!>. Fossils ; 670. No. 275 ; 671. Fullei 's earth ; (>72. (iannister (1887) ; 673. No. 276 ; 674. (Jentian root ; 675. lirinseng rtK>t ; 676. (iold-beaters' moulds and gold-beaters' skins ; (»77. (iravels ; 678. No. 277 ; <)7(t. (iuano and other animal and vegetable manures ; (WO. No. 278 ; WffW 13;' Sh m ; (f ■A l'^ .■' rfi'- ;i^ |-l^:";'M.:- •, .;.:■.'••.. fif.J ■■■I •»,',■ ,■'•■ :*.''■ ■■■ '>■'?■.■■■ I'?U- -'-■■''- ,■ . ■ . '. • >•■■' mm ^ It t i-'l ' . ■ I ■ it't'i'. !•■ • . ■^ Ja;5-j^ ■■.,;•■ ^ 510 APPENDIX A — PART I. (•81. (int, and worm gut, inamifactured or lunnanufactured, lov whip and other cord ; 082. (iiitta |)t^rcha, crude ; 683. (iypsuui, crude (sulphate of lime) ; (i84. No. 27!t ; (iS"). Hatters' furs, not on the skin ; 1180. Hatters' i>lush of silk or cotton ; 087. Hemlock bark ; 088. Hemp, undressed ; (i81). Hides, raw, whether dry, salted or pickled ; OJK). Hoop iron, not exceeding three-eights of an inch in width, and being No. •_',") gauge or thinner, used for tlie manufacture of tul)ular rivets ; 091. Horn strips, when to be used in making corsets ; 0!>2. Horses, cattle, sheep and swine, for the improvement of stock, under regula- tions made liy the Treasiny Board and approved l)y the (iovernnr in Council ; 003. Hoofs, horns and horn tii)s ; 0!t4. Hvoscyanms, or henbane leaf ; 0!)."). Ice; 0!)0. India rubl)er, lunnanufactured ; 097. India hemj) (crude drug) ; (•98. Indigo ; 099. No. 280 ; 7(W. Indigo, paste and extract of ; 701. Iodine, crude ; 702. Iris, orris root ; 703. No. 281 ; 704. Iron or steel l)eams, sheets, plates, angles and knees for iron or composite shijts or vessels ; 705. Iron liquor, solution of acetate of iron for dyeing and calico printing ; 700. No. 272. 707. Ivory and ivoiy nuts, mnnanufactmed ; 708. Iron masts for ships, or parts of ; 709. .Talap, nxit ; 710. Junk, old : 711. -f ute, butts ; 712. Jute: 713. Jute cloth, as taken from the loom, neither pressed, mangled, calendered, nor m any way finished, and not less than forty inches wide, when iiii- ]torted by manufacturers of jute bags for use in their own factories ; 714. No. 282 ; ' 715. Kainite, or (rerman iwtash salts fertilizers ; 710. Kelp; 717. No. 283 ; 718. Lac — dye, crude, seed, button, stick and shell ; 719. Lava, uimiiinufactured ; 721K Leeches ; 721. No. 284 ; 722. No. 285 ; 723. Litnuis and all lichens, prepared and n jt prepared ; 724. No. 280; 725. Logs, and round unmanufacture:! timb:ir, not elsewhere provided for ; 720. No. 287. 727. Locomotives and railway j>assenger, l)aggage and freight cars, l)eiiig the proi)erty of railway companies in the United .States, running \\\^n\ any line of road crossing the frontier, so long as Canadian locomotives and cars are admitted free under similar circmnstances in the United States, under regulations i)rescrilied by the Minister of Customs ; 728. No. 288; 729. No. 289 ; 730. Madder and munjeet, or Indian madder, ground or prepared, and all ex- tracts of ; 731. Manganese, oxide of ; CUSTOMS TART IF, 18' 0. 511 1' v\'lnp and other ^H 732. ^^1 733. ^^1 734. ^H 735. ^1 73fi. ^^M 737. ^^M 73S. ^^1 739. ^^^1 740. nd being No. ^H ^■1 741. hP^ 742. k, under reguhi- K 743. the (Jovernnr in B,' 744. B; 745. ^^W' 74(i. 747. Si^ ■ 748. K'' ' 74it. w& ' 7.50. ' ■; 7.51. '■ ■ 752. 753. i : 754. i'- ' 755. )n or funipositc v 75(). l»rinting ; < 7''7. '■. i 758 if i 75!). t ' 7<»0. ' ; 7c)ds or in grains ; No. 311 ; Nut galls ; Newspapers and quarterly, monthly and semi-monthly magazines, and weekly literary papers, unboimd ; Nickel ; Oak bark ; Oakum ; No. 21)4 ; No. 204 ; No. 205 ; No. 200 ; Ores of metal of all kinds ; N<>. 207 ; Osiers ; Oxalic acid ; Taintings, in oil or water colours, by artists t>f well-known merit, or copies of the old masters by such artists ; .. ,i'ngs in oil or water colours, the |)roduction of Canadian artists, under i ■ ulations to be made bj- the Minister of Customs. ' 1 ieaf, unmanufactured: Ifearl, mother of, not manufactured ; Persis, or extract of archill or cudbear ; IMiilosophicivl instruntents and apparatus, — that is to say, such as are not manufivctured in the Dominion, when im|K)rted by and for use in univer- sities, colleges, schools and scientific societies ; Pictorial illustrations of insects, &c., when inijxjrted by and for the use of colleges ajid .schools, scientific aiid literary societies ; Phosphorus ; No. 2i)H ; No. 2t»0 ; Pitch (pine), in packages of not less thiin fifteen gallons each ; No. 300; Plaits, straw, Tuscan and grass ; Potash, (Jerman mineral ; Pcjtash, nun'iate and bichromate of, crude ; Precipitate of copi)er, crude ; Pumice and pumice stone, ground or ungroimd ; No. 271 ; (Quicksilver; (^tiills in their natural state or unplumed (1887) ; Ouinine, sulphate of, in j)owder ; No. 301 ; No. 302 ; Re-coveied rubl)er and rubber su))stitute ; Red liquor, a crude acetate of aluminium prepared from pyroligneous acid, for dying and calico printirig ; No. 287. Rennet, raw or prepared ; No. 303 ; No. 304 ; tir ^j.MS, vi ■Its ■ ,', . '•; y -i - '. ■ < ' . a '•^n' .' • i '■' ' ''■ ■•■' li'^T ■ •.■ , 'i'W-f." '•' ^.v •■■■ ■! •!. I w^i Sir' ■•■':' \i - ' 512 APPRNDIX A — PART I. 7S5. Rollt'd rods of steel under half an inch in diameter or under half an Iik 1, Mcjuare, wlien iMiported by knol) or lock inain\fa(turers or cutlers for use exclusively in such manufactures in their own factories (1W87) ; 78f>. No. 304 ; 7H7. No. lior> ; 788. No. 310 ; 78!t. .Salt im|M)rte(l from United Kingdom or any British jiossess^ion or imiK)rt((| for the use of the sea or gulf fisheries, not otherwise provided for ; 7iK). Saffron and safHower, and extract of ; 7iU. Saffron cake ; 75>2. Sal annnoniac ; 7!»3. N(» VI. 7!>4. Sa ; 795. Sa.mafje skins or casings, not cleaned ; 7!M>. Scraj) iron and scrap steel, old and fit only to he re-manufactured, l)eing ])iut of or recovered from any vessel wrecked in waters subject t( lliv jiiri- diction of Canada (18i',') ; 7i)7. Sea-weed, not elsewhere specified ; 7il8. Sea- grass ; 7!«>. Ni>. 308; H(M). Senna, in leaves ; 801. Silex, or urystalized quartx ; 802. Silk, raw, or as reeled from the cocoon, not l)eing doubled, twisted or iulvanced in manufacture in any way, silk cocoons and silk waste ; 803. No. 301» ; 804. Skins, undressed, dried, salted ov pickled ; 80r). No. .Sll; 80r.. No. 311 ; 807. No. 311; 808. No. 311 ; 800. Settlers' effects, viz. : — VVe.aring ai)i)arel, liousehold furniture, i)rofessii)nal lx)oks, implements and t(K)ls of trade occupation or employment, wliich the settler has had in actual use for at least six months beft)re removal to Canada, musical instruments, domestic sewing machines, live stock, carts and other vehicles and agricultural imi)lements in use by tiie settler for at least one year Itefore his removal to Canada, not to ineliulf machinery, or articles imported for use in any manufacturing estalilisli- ment, or for sale ; i)rovided that .any dutiable articles entered as .settlers' effects may not be so entered unless brought with the settler on his first arrival, and shall not be sold or otherwise dis|K)sed of without jiaynient of duty, until after two years' actual use in Canada; i)rovided also, that mider regulations made by the Minister of Customs, live sttKk, when imiK)rted inti; Manitoba or the Nor'h-VVest Territories by intend- ing settlers, shall be free, until otherwise ordered by the GovenKjr in Council ; 810. Steel, in sheet of not less than ele en nor over eighteen wire gauge, and costing not less than seventy-five dollars per ton of two thou.sand two himd»'ed and forty pounds, when imjwrted by manufacturers of shovels and spades for use exclusively in such manufcicture in their own factories ; 811. No. 312; 812. Steel rails, weighing not less than twenty-five pounds iht lini al yai'd, for use in railway tracks (1887) ; 813. Steel valued at two and one-half cents \>er ixjund and ujjwards, for use in the manufacture of skates (1887) ; 814. Steel bowls for cream separators (1887) ; 815. Steel for the manufacture oi files, wher imiKjrted by file manufacturers foi' use in their factories (1887) ; 81f». Sleel for saws and straw cutters, cut to shape, but not further manufactured ; 817. Si)elter, in blocks and pigs ; 818. Sj)ur8 and stilts, used m the iranufacture of earthenware ; Sl<». No. 313; 820. Sulnhur, in roll or flour ; 821. Tai.s, undressed ; CUSTOMS TARIFF, 1890. 522. Tagging metal, itlain, japanned or coated, in coils not over one and a-half inclieM in witltli, when imj)orted by manufacturers of shoe and corset laces for use in their factories ; 523. No. 272 ; 524. Tanners' bark ; 525. Tar (pine), in ijaekages of not less than fifteen galK)ns each ; H2(i. Tea, except as hereinlx-fore provided ; S27. No. 314 ; .S28. Teasels; S2t>. Tin, in blocks, pigs, bars and shet's, and ))lates and tin ft)il ; H30. Tobacco, uiunanufactured, for excise i)uriK)ses, under conditions of " The Act rcxpectinii the Inlantl Revenue ; " 531. Tortoise and other shells, unmanufactured ; 532. Travellers' '.)aggage, under regulations prescribed by the Minister of Customs; 533. Trees, forest, when imixitrted into the Province of Manitoba or the North- West Territories for planting ; 534. Tree-nails ; SX). Turmeric ; s;i(i. Turpentine, raw or crude ; S37. Turtles; 535. No. 315 ; 539. Vaccine and ivory vaccine ix)ints ; 540. Varnish, black and l»right, for ships' use ; ,S41. No. 313. X42. Veneers of ivory, sawn only (1887) ; S43. Verdigris, or sul)-acetate of ct)ijper, dry ; .S44. Vegetable fibres, natural, not produced by any mechanical process ; S4r). White shellac, for maiiufacturnig puriH>ses ; S4(). No. 310 ; .S47. WhalelH)ne, unmaiuifactured ; S48. Kei>eal«d ; S4!». Repealed ; S.'m. Repealed ; 5.51. Wire rigging for shii)s and vessels ; 5.52. Wood for fuel, when imiK)rted into Manitc^ba and the North- West Terri- tories ; sr)3. No. 287 ; sr)4. No. 317 ; . S").'). Yellow metal, in bolts, bars, and for sheathing ; s.')(». Zinc, in blocks, pigs and sheets. 42 V., c. 15, Schedules B and C ; — 43 V., c. 18, s. 2 ; -44 V., c. 10, s. 3 ;-45 V., c. (i, s. 5 ;— 4(i V., c. 13, s. 1 ;— 47 v., c. 30, s. 1 ;— 48-4!t v., (. (51, s. 1 ;— 49 V., c. 37, s. 2. The following articles are prohibited to be imjwrted under a p,enalty of two hun- dred dollars, together with the forfeiture of the parcel or package of goods in v.hich the same are found, viz. : — sr>7. Books, printed pajter, drawings, paintings, prints, photograi)hs .)r repre- sentations of any kind of a treasonable or seditious, or of an immoral or indecent character ; s."'>8. Reprints of Canadian copyright works, an'' reprints of British copyright works which have been also copyrighted ni Canada ; So!t. Coin, base or co(mterfeit. 42 V., c. 1.5, Schedule I) ;— 44 V., c, 10, s. 4 ; -4!) v., J. 37, s. 5, part. Export Dutiks :— StlO. Shingle U/lts of j)ine or cedar, and cedar logs capable of lieing §1.50 p. 128 made into shnigle Vxilts (1887) cubic feet. S(>1. Spruce logs §1 i)er M., B. M. sie. Pine logs .«!2 per M., B. M. st')3. Provided that the jKDwers vested in the (xovernor in Council by section nine of 49 Vic, cap. 33, shall extend and apply iii • all resjjects to the above-nanied articles, and that the (iov- ernor in Council may increase the exjKirt duty on pine logs to ' S3 iwr M., 49 v., c. 37, s. 4. B. M. 33 513 .1, R"" ■:mm •.1■■ ,■!.• ; ir--' i ^ ;»\ :••' ■. ■ • ( P:>-YU .•'- •■; !^i.! jmM . i ' vr-:vM.'V , m:0 ■• * 1 '■ I! 3:. 1 : • •• ./ '.•' ■; ' . ?■ .\. '- :■*,-. ■ > I' ( I I.-. ■•*■.! , , . . ■ * li-X^ ''.io. if:' ■'■vV '•;;'••' ■ ..ali'' •'<■!• • 1 •'■;•■ ;■■ »;< •. !*; .ii' . - I H' 514 APPENDIX A — PART I. ARTICLES ADDED TO THK FREE LIST UNDER AUTHORITY ()] ORDERS IX COUNCIL. ma. Hi]S, 8(ii). 870. 871. 873. 874. 875. 87(>. 877. 878. «7a 880. 881. 882. 883. 884. 885. 886. 887 888. 889. 890. 891. 892, 893. 894. No. 301 ; Repealed ; To Act ; LiiHtings, mohair clotli, or other manufacturer of cloth, imiK)rterl by luani; facturers of buttons for use in their own factories, and woven or "uade in l)atterns of such size, shajn' or form, or cut in such manner as to l)etitf(.r covering buttons exclusively ; Crucible sheet steel, 11 to Ifi gauge, 2h to 18 inches wide, imiwrted by niaiiu- factur' rs of mo\yer and reajier knives for manufacture of such knives in V ' ' • own factories ; Fisl" :ns xnd fish offal, imported by manui'actiu'ers of glue for use in tluir (I M factories ; No. 318 ; Hatters' bands, bindings, tips and sides, and linings, botli tii)s and sides, when imiK)rted by hat manufactm-ers only, for use in their factorii* in the niiinufacture of hats ; No. 287 ; Steel striii, si>ecially iunnn'ted by manufacturers of buckthorns and plain strij) fencing for use in their factories ; No. 319 ; No. 287 ; No. 315 ; Brass cuji being rough blanks, for the manufactiu'eof lirass and paper sh(H> i^r cartridges, when imiwrted V)y manufacturers of brass or j taper sliells nr cartridges f(jr use in their own factories ; Yarn, sjtun from tlie hair of the alpaca (ir angora goat, when imiiorced by manufactiu'ers of braid for use exclusively in their factories in tlie manu- facture of such braids only ; Repealed. Square reeds and raw iiide centres, textile leather or rublier heads, tliunilis and tijts, and steel, iron or nickel cajts for whij) ends, imiKtrted by \\lii|i manufacturers for use in the maimfactiu'e of whips in their own factories ; No. 320 ; Rejiealed ; Rejjealed ; No. 2.59 ; Cop])er rollers for use in calico printing, when imported by calico Itrinters for use in their factories in the itrinting of calicoes and fornootheri»iriM)se (such rollers not l)eing manufactm-ed in Canada) Retorts, jtans, condensers, tubing and pil)e, made of platinum, when imixjited V)y manufacturers of sulphuric acid for use in their wt)rk» in the manufacture of concentration of sulphuric acid ^ Rei>ealed. ;*i .!•■' ORITY OF 515 "or lis*' in tlicii orns and jilaii APPENDIX A. PART II. (;hax(Jks madh in the tariff dukixc; the session of i.sito. ' The initials " n.e.s." represent the words " not elsewliere >;iiecified;" The initials " n.o.p." repres'^nt the words " not otherwise pro- vided for ; " The initials "f.o.b.'' represent the words "tree on hoard ;" The expression " gallon " means an Imperial gallon ; The expression "ton'* means two thousand pounds avjirdu- pois; The expression "proof" or " proof spirits," when applied to wines or spirits of any kind, mc^ns spirits of the strength of proof as ascertained by Sjkes' Hy^ /meter; The expression " gauge," when applied to metal sheets or plates or to wire, means the thickness as determined hyStubb's Standard Gauge ; The expression " in diameter," when a[>plied to tubing, means the actual inside diameter measurement ; The expression " sheet " when applied to metals, means a sheet or plate not exceeding three-sixteenths of an inch in thickness ; The expression " plate " when applied to metals, means a plate or sheet more than three-sixteenths of an inch in thickness. 1. Acid, acetic and pyroligneous, not elsewhere specified, and vin- egar, a specific duty of fifteen cents for each gallon of any strength not exceeding the strength of proof, and for each degree of strength in excess of the strength of proof an addi- tional duty of one cent. The strength of proof shall be held to be equal to six i)er cent, of absolute acid, and in all cases the strength shall be determined in sucli manner as is 15c. p. gall. e8tal)lished by the Governor in Council ... & Ic. add 1. 2. Acid, acetic and pyrolijjneous, of any strength, when imported by dyers, calico printers or manufacturers of acetates or colors, for exclusive use in dyeing or printing, or for the manufacture of such acetates or colors in their own factories, under such regulations as are established by the Governor in 2.5c. p. gall. Council and 20 p.ct. 3. Acid phosphate 3c. p. lb. 33J wi ;-rT-^ m ■*'.l^;i.'"' H ...v.,',.. IHj . .!••■! ■, iSi'' >'•■ ■ ', ' k • Wt0. Ifl .'.'.' .,•.'■''■';, r i- r^. •■' ',' ■^'| » **v ••' ;■' •■\,j) ff" M' ■*• ' '•' 1 M. ■' Cdl-'Ml A^ . ' • ■ ■ t ■■,-,■. 1 r^;. .' : !•' "■■■■ : Iff .-M. 3 '■■;.■ V^-'i ; n.^»' 516 7. H. It. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 10. 17. 18. 11). 20. 21. 22. 23. 24. 25. 2(5. 27. 28. 21». 30. 31. APPENDIX A PART II. Precious stoiieH, ii.e.s., iKilislied hut nut set or Dtherwise inanu- factniTcl, and iinitaiionH thereof AninialH, living, viz. : — C'attle and slii'c,i Live hugH Artificial Howers Feathers of all kinds, n.e.s Axle Krease ... Darrels, containing ]>etr(>leuni or its pnMlucts or any niixtiires of which iKftiHileuni forms a part, when sxich contents are chargeable with a si»eciHc duty Surgical Mts or trusses and suspensory bandages of all kinds. , IMacking, shoe, and shoemakers' ink, and shoe, harness and leather dressing, and harness soap Advertising pamphlets, pictures and pictorial shew cards, illus- trated advertising iwriixlicals, illustrated price liscs, adver- tising calendars, advertising almanacs, tailors' and mantle- makers' fashion plates, and all chromos, chromotyiws, oleo- graphs, photographs and other cards, jnctures or artistic work of similar kinds, produced by any process other than hand ])ainting or drawing, whether for business or advertis- ing p\iriK)ses or not, printed or stamjied on pai)er, cardlHjard or other material, n.e.s ( leographical, to|X)graphical and a-ttnmomical maps, charts and gk)l)e8. n.e.s. Xewsj)apers or supplemental editions or parts thereof, jiartly pruited and intended to be comi>leted and published in Canada Hank notes, V)onds, bills of exchange, checpies, promissory notes, drafts, and all similar work unsigned, and bill heiuis, en- velojies, receipts, canls and other commercial blank forms, printed or lithograi)hed, or jjrinted from steel or coi)per or other i)'ates, and other printed matter, n.e.s H(K)kbinders' tools and implements, including ruling machines, and bookbinders' cloth Fancy work boxes, writing desks, glove Ixjxes, handkerchief l)oxes, manicure cases, |)erfume cares, toilet cases and fancy cases for smokers' sets, and all similar fancy articles made of bone, shell, horn, ivory, w(>od, leather, plush, satin, silk, satinette or paper ; dolls and toys of all kinds, including sewing machines, when of not more than two dollars in value, and toy whips ; «)rnaments of alabaster, spar, aml)er, terracotta or comjiosition ; statuettes, and bead ornaments, 10 p. ct. 'M p. ct. 2c. I). Ml. 25 p. ct. 25 p. .i'. 5c. p. gr. and 20 p.ct. Cariieting, matting and mats of hemp ; cari)et linings and stair Vads 25 jt.ct. ToVjacco pijjes of all kinds, j>ii)t> mounts, cigar and cigarette holders and cases for the same .' 35 p.ct. Clocks and clock cases of all kinds 35 p.ct. Clock springs and clock movements other than for tower clocks, complete or in i)art8 10 p.ct. Horse clothing, 8hai)ed, n.o.p 30 p.ct. Cocoa mats and matting 30 p.ct. Cocoa paste and chocolate, and other preparations of cocoa, not sweetened 4c. per lb. CHANGES MADE IN THE TARIFF, 1890. 617 naiiii- <1Z. 10 p. I't. 30 p. ft. 33. 2f. p. M,. 34. 25 p. ot. 25 p. ct. 35. .. . If. p. 11,. 3<>. xt»ireH tH are .... 40f, t'iifli. 37. inds. . 25 (>. ct. 38. H and 3!). 30 p. ft. illuH- adver- 40. lantlf- 41. , olw)- B 42. rtiHtic 43. r than '■■ vertis- 44. llnianl (if. p. lit. V and 20 jut. ■ts and I 20 p. ft. '". partly ied in .■ 4o. 25 p. ft. » , notes, t 46. ds, en- forms. 47. Iter or 35 p. ft. 48. iliines. 4!t. . . 10 p.f. 50, fancy 51. made », Kilk, »- 52. ludin},' ,53. 54. ars m iients, ..... 35 p.c. ■ass in .55. m. 15 i>.f. K' i^7. 35 p.f. 17* p.c. 58. , TiK.'. p. Itrl. ^^^; 5i). 10c. p. gr. ^UfV and 20 jt.f. 5c. p. gr. 60. and 20 p.ot. I stair 61. 25 it.ct. arette : 35p.ct. ■|( 62. 35p.ct. 9^. 1 locks, 1 (>3. 10 p.f t. ^E; 30p.ct. 3(»p.ft. 64. a, not ()5. 66. Cocoa 1 taste and chlate and other preparations of coctia con- taining sugar Extract of coffee or snVtstitutes therefor ctf all kinds Collars of cotton, linen, xylonite, xyolite or celhiloid Combs for dre_ss and tttilet of all kinds Coloured fabrics, woven in whttle or in i>art of dyed or colored cotton yarn, or jute yarn, or of part jute and jiart cotton yarn or other material except silk, n.e.s .... Non-elastic webbing Klastic webbing Old and scran copjter, counter in pigs, bars, rods, bolts, ingots and sheathing not planished or coated, and copiter seamless drawn tubing Copjier, all manufactures of, n.e.s Copjter in sheets or strijw of less than four inches in width Cotton cordage and cotton braided cords Cordage of all kinds, n.e.s 5c. p. lb. 6c. p. lb. 24c. p. doz. and 30 p.c. 35 p.c. 25 p.c. 20 p.c. Cotton denima, drillings, bed-tickings, ginghams, plaids, cotton or canton flannels, flannelettes, cotton tennis cloth, or stri|)ed zephyrs, ducks and drills, dyed or colored, checked and stri]>ed shirtings, cottonades, Kentucky jeans, ]iantal(Mjn stuffs, and gtxjds of like descri|)tion Cotton sewing thread in hanks, black, bleached or unbleached, three and six nord Jeans and coutils when im{)orted by corset and dress stay-mak- ers for use in their own factories Cuffs of cotton, linen, xylonite, xyolite or celluloid Curtains when made uji, trimmed or untrimmed Hammocks and lawn tennis nets and other like articles manufac- tured of twine, n.e.s Drain pii^es, sewer Hil>es, chinmey linings or vents, and inverted blocks, glazed or unglazed, earthenware tiles Feathers, viz. : — Ostrich and vulture, undressed. Feathers, viz. : — Ostrich and vulture, dressed Apples, including the duty on the barrel Blackberries, gooselierries, raspberries and strawberries, n. e. s. — the weight of the package to l)e included in the weight for duty ... . • Cherries and currants Cranberries, plnms and (juinces Peaches, n.o.p., — the weight of the i>ackage to be included in the weight for duty Gjvs meters Crystal and decorated glass table-ware made expressly for mounting with silver-plated trimmings, when imiK)rted by manufacturers of plated ware Glass carboys and demijohns, emjtty or filled, bottles and de- canters, flasks and phials of less capacity than eight ounces. Lamp, gas light and electric light tehades, lamps and lamp chimneys, side-lights and head-lights, glolies for lanterns, lamps, electric lights and gas lights, n.e.s. Common and colourless window glass ; and plainjcolored, stained or tinted or muffled glass in sheets Ornamental, figured, and enamelled colored glass ; ] tainted and vitrified glass ; figured, enamelled and obscured white glass ; and i-ougn rolled plate glass ... Stained glass windows Silvered glass Silvered glass, bevelled 20 p.c. 10 p.c. 30 p.c. 15 p.c. 30 p.c. lie. I), lb. and 10 p.c. 2c. It. sq.yd. ana 15 p.c. 124 P-c. 25 p.c. 4c. I), pair, ana 30 p.c. 30 p.c. 35 p. c. 35 p. c. 15 i>. c, 35 p. c. 40c. p. brl. 3c. p. lb. Ic. 1). qt. 30c. p. bush Ic. p. lb. 35 p. ct. 20 p. ct. 30 p. ct. 30 p. ct. 20 p. ct. 25 p. ct. 30 p. ct. 30 p. ct. 35 p. ct. W' 'I ■ •;.' M ' ••■,. ^^' v. I ," ■ •■"i -fit I. ft.: ■■■''!■';■.■ •t'T •; ■>• ■■■, .« n-; • '.,. .I,',-'... , fci: -.■'^ ■'■■ ;. Sift; »*l .!■; •'.'■' '■■- B HI""' ■'.'■";.. . ' m gfiiMn.-i'^.i 518 «i7. ^ OH. (lit. 70. 71. 72. 73. 74. 75. 7«. 77. 7H. 79. HO. 81. •APPENDIX A — PART II. IMatf jrliisH, mit coloim-eJ, in i>aiieM of not ovt»r thirty H(|unr»' ftet »'iicli, Hix et'iitH iHTHjjuarefjHit ; iindNvlu'ii U-vt-lled, t\vi>cent« |K'i' s(|nan' f(K>t additional Plate jflasH in ijanch of over thirty and not over Heventy miuare feet each, eight cents |ier «t additional Plate glass in panes of over seventy scjuare feet each, nine cents iH'r si|uar»; fcH)t; and when bevelled, twr) cents jnir sijuare fiMit additional Imitation iMireelain shades and coloured glass shades, not figured, paintea, enamelled "v «>ngraved All other glass and mauiifactnresof glass, n.o.p., inchiding lient plate glass ( Jlov*'s and mitts of all kinds tJold and silver leaf, and Dutch or schlag metal leaf (tun. rifle and pistol cartridges ; cartridge cases of all kinds and materials ; {lercnssion caps, and gun wads of all kinds . , . Hats, caps and Ixjnnets, n.e.s Honey, in the comb or otherwise, and imitations and adultera- tions thereof India rublRT Inntts and shC. p. H(l. tl. it 2('. p. ^(| ft. add). He. p. N(|. ft it 2<'. p. -M, ft. ad.h. !»c. p. s<|. ft & 2c. p. s(i ft. add! 20 1). ct. 20 p. et. a')p. ct. 3(1 ).. ct. 35 p. ct. 30 ji. ct. :. tm Builders', cabinet-makers', harness-makers' and saddlers' hard- ware, including curry-combs, carriage hardware, locks, butts ami hinges, n.e.>. , saws of all kinds, and tools of all kinds, n.e.s H2. 83. 84. m. 87. 88. 89. 90. 91. f»2. 93. 94. 95. Fire-arms ' Surgical and dental instruments of all kinds Lajj-welded iron tubing, threaded and coupled or not, one and one-(piarter to two inches inclusive in diatneter, for use exclu- si\ely in artesian wells, petroleum i)i|te lines and jietroleiim refineries, luider regulations to Idc made by the Governor in Council Wrought iron or steel nuts and washers, iron or steel rivets, bolts with or witlumt threads, nut and lK)lt blanks, T and strajw hinges and hinge blanks, n.e.s •Tellies, jams and preserves, n.e.s Laces, braids, fringes, embroideries, cords, tassels, and bracelets ; braids, chains or cords of hair ; lace collars and all similar gtxMis, lace nets and nettings of cotton, silk, linen or other materials Lard, tried or rendered, the weight of the package, when of tin, to be included in the weight for duty Lard, untried, the weight of the ]>ackage, when of tin, to be included in the weight for duty Lead, nitrate and acetate of, not ground Lead pipe and lead shot ' ... Leather-board and leatheroid Skins for morocco leather, tanned but not further manufactured Belting leather and up|)er leather, including kid, lamb, sheep and calf, tanned but not drc-f-sed, waxed or glazed If dressed, waxed or glazed Glove leathers when imported by glove manufacturers for use in their factories in the manufacture of gloves, viz., kid, buck. 3i") p. ct. 20i.. c. 20 1). c. 20 p. c. lc.i).l)).aii. c. 3c. p. lb. 2c. p. lb. 5 p. c. Uc. p. lb. 3^-. p. lb. 15 p. c. 15 p. c. 20 p. c. .^i-^ CHANUEf* M\I»E IN TIIK TARIFF, 1800. 519 !Mi. {»!». 1(K». 101. 10-J. 103. 104. 10.-). 106. 107 lOH. lOit. liiloMO|i)iical, |i}iot()^ra|iliic, iiiatheinatioal and optical instruiiifiitH, n.e.s Bttrrt'lU' Um. weight, the bar- rel containing the same to Iw free of duty Meats, fresh or salted, n.e.s Halted lH'»'f ill barrels, the bariel containing tlie same to b«' free of duty Dried or smoked meats and meats preserved in any other way than l).y iH-iiig salted or pickled, n.e.s., if imported in tins the weight to include tiie weight of the tin Milk fcHxl and other similar preparations Miicilage, and li((uid glue Linseed or flaxseed oil, raw or lH»ile. s(|. yd. and 1") p. c. 110. Ojiiuni (crude), the weight t > include the weight of the liall or ■ overiiig iSd l». lb. 111. Paintings, jirints, engravings, drawings and building plans.. . . 20 p. ct. 112. Dry white and read lead, orange, mineral and zinc white. . . o p. ct. 113. Colours, dry, n.e..s 20 p. ct. 114. Paints an. Pajxjr sacks or bugs t)f all kinds, printed or not 3:5 p. c. 120. Union collar cloth paiier in rolls or sheets, not glossed or finished 20 p.c. 121. Union collar cloth pajier in rolls or sheets, glossed or finished . . 25 p.c. 122. Paraffine wax, stearic acid and stearine of all kinds 3c. p. lb. 123. Lead jjencils of all kinds, in wood or otherwise 30 p.c. 124. Perfunierj^, including toilet preparations (non-alcoholic), viz. : — Hair oils, tooth and other i)owderH and washes, jKimatums, pastes, and all perfumed other preparations, n.o.p., used for the hair, mouth or skin. . 30 p.c. ^^^~^^:^9SS^^!^ l. ■' 520 Al'PENIHX A — I'ART 11. •..-■^.f ' H ■■■ "•• k- ■ I •.•.. p I,' • ','. •■ ■' ■.'■(■ :•■■?■ ,li, *:■' ikjll-,,,,^/ 'I «■! .•'• 13fl. 127. 12H. 1211. 130. i;n. 132, 133. 134. 135. 13«. 137. 138. 139. 140. 141. 142. 143. 144. 145. 14«. 147. 148. KHl Kill KM I I'h(iti>KrH|ihic- dry pliiU-M !k'. [i. sij. i .\llMiiii*>nr/.)Ki°iv|>li*'rM' iim** 25 p.c. I'ii'kltM ill lK)ttl«', forty cvnts iK-r K'^llon, iiu-liidiiiK tin- fluty on tlie txittlt-H ; and fiicli Ixittlf luildinK Ii>kh thiiii niH-liulf pint hIiiiII Im> dutiiil)lt> liH cnntuiiiin^nn**-tiiilf pint, and t'lioli IxittU' holding more than one-half pint tint not inon' than oiu' pint Hhall Im* diitialilt' aM containing on»' |>iiit, and »'ach tNitth- holding iiion- than oiu* pint but not niort< than one (|uart Hhall \h- dutialile iw containing one (piart 40c. p. I'ickU'H in jaiM, |M>ttU'H or otlier ximilar veHneU, forty centH jkt giillon on the ivMcertained quantity, the duty to include the duty on the Jar, |M)ttlp or otiier veHsel 40c. p. Pickles in bulk in vintgar or in vinegar and inuNtard ;Vk;. p. In brine or 8alt. . 2.^'. p. I'lunilNtgt 15 p.e. Plumbago, all iiianufactureM of, n.e.M 30 i).('. Printing presnes and printing macliineM, such only an aif uned in iiewH|)a|)er, ImniW and job printing oHiceH ; folding iiiachineH and pa|ier cutters imed in printing and bookbinding entab- liHhmeiitH 10 p. c. Lithographic presneH 10 p.c. Prunella for faootH and Hhoen, and cotton netting for the lining of iHKitu, nhoes and gloves 10 p.c. Woollen netting for the lining of iMKitw, Mhoes and glovet* 25 p.c. Ked and yellow pniHsiate of i¥>ta«h 10 p.c. Rubber lielting, hose, packing, iiiatrt and niatcing, and cotton 5c. p. II >. urn I or linen iiose lined with rublnr 15 p.c. Sauces and catHups in Ixittle, forty cents jier gallon, and twenty |)er cent, mf valorem; and each Isittle holding less than one- fialf niiit shall be dutiable as containing one-half pint, and each iNtttle holding more than one-half pint but not more than one pint shall be dutiable as containing one pint, and each liottle holding more than one pint but not more than 40t'. p. giill. one (piart '•hall l)e dutiable as c(mtaining one (piart uiul 2ii p.i . Sauces and catsuj)s in bulk 30 c. p. ^m11. and 20 |.,c. Soy 10c. 1). giill. Seetls. viz. :— (iardeii, Held and other set-ds for agricultural or otner pur|K)ses, n.o.ji., when in bulk or in large i>arcels, 10 p.c. when put up in small pajiers or parcels 25 p.c. Shawls and travelling rugs of all kinds and materials except silk . 25 p.c. Sewing and embroidery silk and silk twist 25 p.c. ComiK)sition metal for the manufacture of tilled gold watch cases 10 p.c. Slate iM-ncils 25 p.c. Castile soap, mottled or white, and white soap 2c. p. lb. Soap jHiwders, jmmice, silver and mineral soa|)s, sajjolio and (jther like articles, the weight of the |)ackage to be included in the weight for duty . . 3c. p. U). Spirituous or alcoholic liquors distilled from any material, or containing or "omiwunded from or with distilled spirits of any kind, and any mixture thereof with water, for every gallon thereof of the strength of proof, and when of a greater strength than that of proof at the same rate on the increased (piantity that there would lie if the liquors were reductjd to tlie strength of proof. When the liquors are of a less strength than that of proof, the duty qhall be at the rate herein pnj- vided, but computed on a reduced quantity of the liquors in projiortion to the lesser degree of strength ; provided, how- ever, that no reduction in quantity shall lie computed or made on any licpiors lielow the strength of fifteen per cent. CIIANOK.-i MADE IN TlIK TARIFF, 181)0. 521 undfi' |>rtM)f, liiit ull hiicIi li(|Ut)rHMlinll In> cHtnim< coiiiiiniiily known iih uIcuIioI, hyciratt^i oxieh* of ♦•thy), or MiiiritM of wint- ; ^in of nil kiiul'*, n.e.M. ; nun, wliiHkcy imd lill M|>irittio\iM or lilcoliolii- li(|UorH, II. o. n {Ii) Ainyl iilcohol or fimil oil, or luiy Miilwtnncx known uh |M)tiito Hpiiit or jKititto oil (r) Muthyl lik'oliol, wcmmI alcohol, wckkI nnplitliii, pyroxylic Hpirit, or any HiihMtancc known u,n wimhI spirit or nn'thy- Itited M^iirit ; aliiintliH, arrack or palm Hpirit, brandy, inclnrl- iiiK artificial hraiuiy and iinitatioiiK of )iraiirs of any kind inixtKl with any iiiKrt>- dient or in^ivdifiitH and Immiik or known or dt-HiKnatfd an an(Klynen, i-lixirn, i'shciicoh, fxtractM, lotionn, tinctiuvH, or iniKlicincH, ii.»«.h Alcoholic iH'rfuincN and jn^rfunu'd HuiritH, bay rum, colotfiii- and laveiKter wati'iH, hair, tooth and Hkin waHhe and otiu-r toilet prcparatioDH containing HpiritH of any kiiiii in )M)ttle8 ur tlaHkM wtMtfhing not inon* than four ounct-H fach, when in lM)ttler<, flaxKH or other ))ackaKeH weighing more than f mr ounceM each 82 p. gall. 82 p. g(..ll. & IM) p.c. (/) NitrouH etlu-r, «weet npiritw of nitre and aromatic Hpiritn yf ammonia (,'/) Vermouth and ginger wine, containing not more than forty iKT cent, of pnjof HpiritH If containing more than forty |»er cent, of pnK)f HpiritH (/() In all caHeH where the ntreiigth of any of the foregoi; j articleH cannot lie correctly ancei-tained liy the direct appli- cation of the hydrometer, it shall U^ iiHcertained by the dis- tillati(m of a nample, or in such other manner an the Minister of Custoniii directs. 149. Wines of all kindn, except H|)arkling winen, including orange, lemon, strawl)erry, rasplH'rry, elcfi'r and currant wines, con- taining tveiity-six i)er cent, or less of spirits of the strengtli of proof, whether im|M)rted in w(K>d or in lH)ttleH (six (piart or twelve pint Vnjttles to be held to contain a gallon), twenty- five cents |)er gallon, and for each degree of strength in excess of twenty-six ikt cent, of sjnrits as aforewaid an mldi- tional duty of ttiree cents until the strength reaches forty |M'r cent, of |>nK»f spirits ; and in addition thereto, thirty jht cent, mi vulorem l.'M). Starch, including farina, corn starch or flour, -Mid all prepar- aticms having the qualities of starch, not swt» •,>■■ ^d or flav- oured, 2 c. p. lb. ; when sweetened or flavoui ; ; the weight of the (tacknge to l)e in all cases included in the weight for duty. 151. Stereotyi)es, electrotyj»es and celluloids for almanacs, calendars, illustrated nantphlets, newHj>a|)er advei tiHements or engrav- ings, and all other like work for comiiiorcial, trade or other purjKxses, n.e.s., and matrices os copiter shellH of the same 152. Stereotyjjes, electrotyiies and celluloids of books, and bases, and matrices and copiier shells for the same, whether com|)Osed wholly or in jwrt of metal or celluloid 153. StereotyiK-s, electrotyijes, and celluloids of nBWsi)a|>er columns, and bases for the same, c(>m|>osed wholly or partly of metal or celluloid, three-fourths of one cent jier square inch, and matrices or copijer shells of the same, two cents iier square inch V) p. (;. 8i: p. gall. & '0 p. c. 82p. gall. \ 'M p. c. ''v. p. gall. '.u p. gull. 25c. ]). gall, and 3c. |K'r gall.foreach ."). Curling stones (so called) of whatever material made 25 p. c. 15. gall. ru]), orn- d in t'fin- pro- ered and 11 be It. . . any ;ory, luty 1^ -1 Ic. p. 11). and 30 i).c. ! Iier ding vhen [ned. con- lilk, one •ies, ling H. . . inm iK!. J), gall. addn'l. .$10 p. 11). Uc p. 11). an(l 3;-) p.c. 35 p. c. 25 p. c. 35 p. c. 25 p. f. 40c. p. lb. and 12Ap. c. 30c. i).lb. & m. i).c. Ic.'p. lb. and 25 p.c. teel $1 p. doz. and 25 p.c. 30 p.c. 35 p.c. ver. iibn 20 p.c. Ic. each. 2c. eacb. Ic. each. 3c. each. 3c. each. 3c. each. 3c. eacli. 3c. each. f t ^ r I 180. 181. 182. 183. 184. 185. 180. 187. 188. 180. 100, 101. 102. 103. 104. 105. 1!H). 107. 108. 100. 200. 201. 202. 203. 204. 205. 20«;. 207. 208. 20{t. Cherry trecH of all kindn 4c. each. Quince trees of all kinds 2hv. each. Cases for jewels and watches, cases for silver and plated ware, iCto. each & and for cutlery and other like articles 30 p.c. Cotton twine Ic. i»er lb. & 25 p.c. Twine for harvest binders, of jute, nianilla or sisal, and of nianilla and sisal mixed 25 p.c. Twine of all kinds, n.e.s 30 i).c. Un'brellas, parasols and sunshades of all kinds and materials. . 35 p.c. Umbrella, parasol and sunshade sticks or handles, n.e.s 20 p.c. Tomatoes and other vegetables, including corn and baked V)eans, in cans or other itackages, weighing not over one iwund each, two cents per can or lockage, and two cents additional \wr can or package for each i)ouncl or fraction of a iK)inid over one iM>und in weight — and the weight of the cans or other packages to be nicluded in the weight for 2c. i>. can, & duty 2c. add"l. Vegetables, when fresh or dry salted, n.e.s., including sweet iwtatoes and yams 25 p. c. Velveteens, and cotton velvets and cotton plush 20 j). c. Veneers of wood, not (,.erone-si.\teenthof an inch in thickness. 10 p. c. Walking sticks and canes, of aU kinds, n.e.s 25 p. c. Watches 25 p. c. Watch cases 35 p. c. Whips of all kinds, e.xcejjt toy whips .50c. perdoz. and 30 p. c. Wire, of brass or copj>er 15 p. o. Wire, coveiisd with cotton, linen, silk or other material 35 {). c. Pails, tubs, churns, brooms, brushes and manufactures of woofl, n.e.s., and wood pulp 25 p. c. Fibre ware, indurated fibre ware, vul'^anized fibre ware and all articles of like material 30 p. c. Clothing, ready-made, and wearing apparel of every discription, including horse clothing, shajied, com{X)sed wholly or in part of wool, worsted, the hair of alpaca goat or . ♦her like animal, 10c. jier lb. made up by the tailor, seamstress or manufacturer, n.o.p.. . . and2.^ic p.c. Carpets, viz. : — Brussels, tai)estry, Dutch, Venetian and damask ; cariK't mats and rugs of all kinds, n.e.s. ; and printed felts and druggets and all other cariiets and squares, n.o.p 25 p. c. Smyrna carjjets, mats and rugs 30 j). c. Yeast cakes, and baking {lowders in packages weighing one ix)und or over ; and compressed yeast in packages weighing one jjound or over, but not over fifty ixjunds, the weight of the package to be included in the weignt for duty Oc, p. lb. Yeast cakes, compressed yeast and baking i)owders m packages of less than one jH)un(l in weight, the weight of the package to be included in the weight for duty 8c. i»er Hi. Compressed yeast, in bulk or mass of not less than fifty pounds. 4c. jier lb. Wire of all kinds, n.e.s 25 p. ct. Electric arc light carlnins or carbon points, not exceeding twelve inches in length, and in projwrtion for greater or less lengths. .^2.50 p. 1000 Uncoloured cotton fabrics, viz. : — scrims and window scrims, cambric cloths, muslin apron checks, brillants, cords, piques, diapers, lenos, mosquito nettings ; Swiss, jaconet and cam- bric muslins, and plain, strijied or checked lawns 25 p. ct, M anufactures composed wholly or in part of wool, worsted, the hair of the alpaca goat, or other like animals, viz, : — Blank- ets and flannels of every description ; cloths, doeskins, cas- simeres, tweeds, coatings, overcoatings, felt cloth of every dercription, n.e,8. ; horse-collar cloth ; yarn, knitting yarn, fingering yarn, worsted yarn, knitted gocKls, viz. : — shirts 10 c. jier lb. and drawers, and hosiery, n.e.s and 20 p. ct. :!l"'.. ' ' ' . " * * ''l.'V, :; i!«f '••:.•'■•>•• ^■■::' ".'•I If I 'H i; ; ,.'^1 ^Pm.>-^j^ ■■."■:J |t;tj^j,f^l'!.^■■.■| 524 APPENDIX A — PART II. 210. Pknigh plates, mould Iwards and and land sides when out to shape from rolled sheets of crucible steel but not moulded, punched, polished or otherwise manufactured, and being of a greater value than four cents a ix)und 12^ p. c. 211. Wrought scrap iron and scrap steel, being waste or refuse wrought iron or steel and fit only to be re-manufactured, the same having been in actual use, not to include cuttings or clippings which can l)e used as iron or steel without re- manufacture ^2 p. ton. 212. Wrought iron or steel sheet or plate cuttings or clippings, as cut at the rolling mills or ship yards, and fit only for re-rol- ling and to be used for such nurix)8e only 3<) p. ct. 213. Illuminating oils composed wholly or in part of the |)roducts of l)etroleum, coal, shale or lignite, costing more than thirty cents per gallon 2.5 p. c. 214. Sulphuric ether .5c. p. 11). 215. Bird cages 35 p.c. 216. Brass and copper nails, rivets and burrs 35 p.c. 217. Boots and shoes, n.e.s 25 ji.c. 218. All manufactures of leather, n.e.s 25 p.c. 219. Barrels containing linseed oil 25c. each. ' 220. Lime juice, fortified with or containing not more than twenty- five iier cent, of proof spirits GOc. p. gall. And when containing more than twenty-five \)er cent, of proof spirits .?2 p. gall. 221. Lime juice, sweetened, and fruit syrujw, n.o.p 40c. p. gall. 222. Lime juice and other fruit juices, n.o.p., non-alcoholic and not sweetened 10c. p. gall. 223. Granite and freestone, dressed ; all other building stone, dressed, except marble, and all manufactures of stone, n.e.s 30 ji.c. 224. Grindstones, not mounted, and not less than twelve inches in diameter $2 jier ton. 225. India rubber clothing, or clothing made waterproof with India rubber, n.e.s 35 p.c. 226. India rubber surfaced waterproof clothing 10c. p. lb. and 25 p.c. 227. Biscuits of all kinds not sweetened 25 p.c. The duties of Customs, if any, im^wsed on the articles mentioned in this section are rei)ealed, and the said articles may l>e imixjrted into Canada or taken out of warehouse for consumption free of duty, that is to say : — 228. Admiralty charts. 229. Alkanet root, crude, crushed or ground. 230. Precious stones, in the rough. 231. Aloes, ground or unground. 232. Alum, m bulk only, ground or unground. 233. Aluminum, or aluminium and alumina and chloride of aluminium or chlor- aluin, sulphate of alumina and alimi cake. 234. Anatomical i>reparations and skeletons or jwkrts thereof. 235. Aniline dyes and coal tar dyes, in bulk or packages of not less than one iwund weight, including alizarine and artificial alizarine. 236. Aniline salts and arseniate of aniline. 237. Antimony, not ground, pulverized or otherwise manufactured. 238. Ashes, ix)t and pearl, in packages of not less than twenty-five ixjunds weight. 239. Asphalt or a.«: haltum and bone pitch, criide only. 240. Argal or argols, not refined. 241. Beans, viz. :— Tonquin, vanilla and nux vomica, crude only. 242. Bells, when imported by and for the use of churches. 243. Bismuth, metallic, in its natural state. 244. Books printed by any Government or by any scientific association for the promotion of learning and letters, and issued in the course of its proceed- ings and supplied gratuitously to its members, and not for the puriwses (»f sale or trade. CHANGES MADE IN THE TARIFF, 1890. 525 to ed, ;of ... 12ii). c. use the i or re- . . . «2 p. toil, as rol- . . . 30 p. ct. s of rty ... 25 p. c. ... JK!. p. lb. . . . 35 p.c. ... a'ip.c. . . . 25 p.c. ... 25 p.c. . . . 25c. each, ity- . . . GOc. p. gall, ■oof ... «2 p. gall. . . . 40c. p. gall. not . . . 10c. p. gall, led, ... 30 p.c. 3 in . $2 per ton. dia . 35 p.c. . 10c. p. lb. and 25 p.c. ... 25 p.c. itioned in this .anada or taken linium or chlor- 18 than one ix>uii(l ix)und8 weight. ciation for the of its proceed- ir the purposes 245. 24G. 247. 248. 241». 2.50. 251. 252. 253. 254. 255. 2m. 257. 258. 2.59. 200. 2()1. 2t>2. 2()3. 2(;4. 2(M. *'■ '. ^' ' 2(M>. w 207. w 2(i8. K 209. Hb 270. ^H 271. ^H 272. w 273. m 274. H 275. I 2.5t). H 277 I 278 ■ 279 ^H 280 ^H 281 Books specially imported for the homl filates of not less than four inches in width. Fire bricks, for use exclusively in processes of manufactures. (iold and silver bullion, in bars, blocks or inglate, when imiK)rted by and for the use of churches, Copi)er in sheets or plates, of not less than four inches in width. Cotton yarns not coar.ser than No. 40, unV)leached, V)leached t)r dyed, for use in covering electric wires ; also for the manufacture oi cotton lcx)m har- ness ; and for use in the manufacture of Italian cloths, cotton, worsted or silk fabrics. Cotton yarns in cops only, made from single cotton yarns finer than Xo. 40, when for use in their own factories by the manufacturers of Italian cloths, cashmeres and cotton cloths for the selvages of the said cloths, and for these puriKjses only. Indian corn of the varieties known as "Southern white Dent Corn" or horse tooth ensilage corn and "Western yellow Dent Corn " or horse tooth ensilage corn, when importrtd to l)e sown for soiling and ensilage, and for no other [niri)ose, under regulations to be made by the Governor in Council. Colours, metallic, viz. : — Oxides of cobalt, zinc and tin, n.e.s. Diamond drills for prosi)ectiiig for minerals, not to include motive power. Diamonds, unset, or diamond dust or bort and black iliaiiKjnds for borers. Emery in blocks, crushed or ground. Entomological s{)ecimens. Extracts of logwot)d, fustic, oak and of oak bark. Mexican fibre, and tampico or istle. Fish hooks, nets and seines, and fi.shing lines and twines, but not to include s|)orting fishing tackle or hooks with flies or trawling spoons, or threads or twines commonly used for sewing or manufsicturing purixises. Foot grease, being the refuse of cotton seed after the oil has been pressed tmt, but not when treated with alkalies. Domestic fowls, pure-bred, for the improvement of stock, and pheasants and quails. (ias coke (the product of gas works), when used in Canadian manufactures only. Orease, rough, the refuse of animal fat, for the manufacture of soap only. Gums, viz. :- Amber, Arabic, Australian, copal, damar, kaurie, mastic, sandarac, Senegal shellac ; and white shellac, in gum or flake, for manu- facturing puriKjses ; and gum tragacanth, gum gedda and gum barberry. Hair, cleaned or uncleaned, but not curled or otherwise manufactured. Indigo auxiliary or zinc dust. Braas, copjier, iron or steel rolled round wire rods under half an inch in diameter, wlu-n imported by wire manufacturers for use in making wire in their factories. mm ■■'1(1 A.r •. ';»■>■■ ■,\' 1 . f ) \ ■ ■ , > ■ * T-'^V' ■;(!'.■/•-;.■■ '. .1' ■•• ■■/' ; ! "■' !,, , ■, ^* "t," -■.: ■■, , \ i ■ .,.• . ■■•* , ' iSii's !' ■ . ' ■.'■>' ml'- ;^ ■' '■'•m M .'•I'i':!'' «t*, 'i* ' 1:'/- r-i 4 iliJ-i-i •! 526 APPf:Nl>IX A — PART II. 282. .T>itf yarn, jJaiii, dved or colfnired, wlien imported by inanufacturers of carj>et«, rugs aiifl mats, and of jute wel)bing or j\ite cloth, for use in their own faetfU'ies 283. Kryolite or cryolite, mineral. 284. Liquorice root, not ground. 28."). Litharge. 28(>. Lemon rinds, in brine. 287. Lmul)er and timber planks and boards of amaranth, eocolx)ral, boxwood, clierry, chestnut, walnut, gnmw(K)d, maiiogany, jntch j)ine, rosewood, sandalwood, sycamore, .Si)anish cedar, oak, 'nickory, whitewood, A*lit ; hickory hil'«ts to be used in tlie manufacture o .e, hatcliet. iiamnu r and oi iier tool handles, when specially imjKjrted for such use; the wood of tli" jh-. .-tnnnion and dogw(H)d trees, when imix)rted in blocks for the manuMcture of shuttles ; hickory lumber sawn to shape for si)okes of wheels, but not further manvifactured ; hickory siK)kes roug'li turned, not tenoned, mitred, throated, faced, sized, cut to length, romid tenoned or ]K)lished. 288. Locomotive and car wlieel tires of steel, when in the rougii. 28!(. Locust l)eans and locu.st bean meal for the manufacture of horse and cattle fo(jd. 2i)f». Miner.alogical si)ecimens. 2!)1. Mining machinery imjwrted within three years after the i)assing of this Act winch is at the time of its imiK)rtation of a class or kind not manufactured in Canada. 21>2. Models of inventions and of other improvements in tiie arts ; but no article or articles shall be deemed a model which ciin l)e fitted for use. 293. Iceland moss and other mosses, and seaweed, crude or in their natural state or cleaned (mly. 204. Oil cake and oil cake meal, cotton se»d cake and cotton seid mtn and palm nut cake and meal. 295. Oils, viz.: — Cocoanut and palm, in their natural state. 2JM>. Orange rinds in brine. 297. Ottar or attar of roses and oil of roses. 2!>8. Pelts, raw. 299. Pi|>e clay, mnnanufactured. 391). Platiiuim wire ; and retorts, ])ans, condensers, tubing and pij)e made of platinum, when innwrted by manufacturers o. ilphuric acid for use in their works in the manufacture or concentration of sulphuric acid. 301. Rags of cotton, linen, jute, hemp and wtwllen, paper waste or clippings, and \ aste of any kind except mineral waste. ,302. Rattans and reeds in their natural state. 303. Resin or rosin in iiackages of not less than one hundred jwunds. 304. Roots, medicinal, viz. :- Aconite, calumba, ijKicacuanha, sarsaparilla, squills, taraxacum, rh\ibarb and valerian. 305. Ru1>ber, crude, and hard rubber in sheets,Jbut not further manufactured. 30(). Seed and breeding oysters, imixjrted for the puriwse of being iJanted in Canadian waters. 307. Seedling stock for grafting, viz. :--Pluni, i)ear, iieach and other fruit trees. 308. Heeds, aromatic, which are not edible and are in a crude state, and not ad- vanced in value or condition by grinding or refining, or by any other process of manufacture, viz. : — Anise, anise-star, caraway, cardamom, coriander, cumin, fennel and fenugreek. 309. Silver, German silver and nickel silver, rolled or in sheets. 310. Soda, sulphate of, «rude, known as salt cake. 311. Soda ash, caustic soda in drums ; silicate of soda in crystals or in solution ; bichromate of soda, nitrate of soda or cubic nitre, salsoda ; sulphide of sodium, arseniate, binarseniate, chloride and stannate of soda. 312. Steel of No. 20 gauge atid thinner, but not thinner than No. .30 gauge, to lie used in the manufacture of corset steels, clock springs and siioe shanks ; and flat wire of steel of No. 16 gaiige, or thinner, to oe used in the manu- facture of crinoline and corset wire, when imi^rted by the manufacturers of such articles for use in their own factories. CHANGES MADE IN THE TARIFF, 1890. 527 arse and cattle mt j,i and palm 1 pi 1)6 made of 313. Suli)hatf of iron (c(>i)i>t;ras) ; and sulpiiate of copi)er (l)liu' vitriol). 314. Ttrra jaiKmica, gambier, or cntch. 315. I'ltramarine blue, dry or in \>n\\>. 31(>. Whiting or wliitening, gilder's whiting and Paris white. 317. Wool and the hair of the alpaca goat and of other like animals, not further jirepared than washed, n.e.s. 318. li(K)ks nrinted in any of the languages or dialects of any of the Inrlian tril)es of tlie Doniiiiion of Canada. 31!t. Brass and copi)er wire twisted, when imiM)rted by manufacturers of boots and shoes for use in their own factories. 320. Noils, l)eing the short w(ki1 which falls from the combs in worsted factories. 321. Seeds, viz. : — Beet, carrot, turnii), mangold and nmstard. 322. Crucible cast steel wire, when im|K)rted liy manufacturers of wire rojH', jiianos, card clothing and needles, for use in the manufacture of sucli articles in their own factories only. 323. Kibs of brass, iron or steel, rwimers, rings, caps, notches, ferrules, moiuits HTid sticks or canes in the rough, or not fm'ther maniifactured than cut iuto lengths suitable for umbrella, parasol or sunshade sticks, u lieu im- l)orted by manufacturers of umbrellas, ]>arasols and sunshades for use in their factories in the manufacture of umlu'ellas, parasols and sunshades only. 324. Fruits, viz. : — Bananas, plantains, ))ine-api)les, jKnnegranates, guavas, man- goes and shaddocks ; and wild bluel)erries and wild strawl)erries. 325. Camwood and sun.ac and extractjfor dying or tainting iturjioses, when not fiu'ther manufactured than cruvhed or ground. 32(1. lilood albumen, tannic acid, antimony salts, tartar emetic and grey tartar, when imiKirted by manufacturers for use in their factories only. 327. Manufactined articles of iron or steel which at the time of their imiKirtation are of a class or kind not manufactured in Canada, when imixtrted for use in the construction of iron or steel shii)s or vessels. 328. Wire' of iron or steel, Ntj. 13 and 14 gauge, flattened and corrugated, used in connection with the machine known as the wire grij) machine for the manufacture of boots, slK>es and leather l)elting, when imixn'ted by manufactmvrs of such articles to be used for these puri)08es only in their own factories. 329. Steel ttf Nf). 12 gauge and thinner, but not thinner than No. 3" gauge, when imported by manufactniers of buckle clasps and ice-creeimrs, to be used in the manufacture of such articles only in their own factories. 330. Blanketing and lai)ping, and discs or mills for engraving coi)per rollers, when imiKirted by cotton manufacturers, calico printers and w.all i)ai>er manufacturers, for use in their own factories only. 331. Yarns made of wool or worsted, when genaiJi)ed, dyed and finished, and iuiported i;y manufacturers t)f braids, corns, tassels and fringes, to he used in the manuf.octure of such articles (mly in their own factories. 332. Chlorate of iK)tash in crystals, when imiK)rted for manufacturing puriwses only. 333. Florist stock, viz. : Palms, orchids, azaleas, cacti, and flower bulbs of all kinds. 489. Salmon, jtickled or salti'd Ic. per lb. 490. All other fish, pickled or salted, in barrels Ic. i)er lb. \h ■ It' iltiii 1 U,i nl il \ •: \m IK' t > tU 4 IV •.:r / .^^^' , ' 1 . '/ ' 1 i^'i '.' * ' 1 . » • ..'• 1 i. ' ti' [ '} 1 i 1 '" ' !,• '|i ■ u < ,\ ,.tv •^L fiJtl ' ^. llhl-i 1 INDEX TO TARIFF AXD IMPORTS. (The tariff miml)er.s of all articles printed in italics refer only to Part II. of the Appendix.) INDKX TO TARIFF, AND TO TABLE OF IMPORTS AND EXPORTS ON P.P. 150 TO 175 INCLUSIVE. Artut.ks. J Tariff C No. Absinthe Acid, acetic boracic mixed uniriatic and nitric. . oxalic piiui^phatc sulplinric sidjjlmric and nitric. tannic Aconite Adhesive felt Advertising bills pamphlets . . . . l»ictures Adzes African teak Agates, iwlished not jKjlished Agaric Agricultural purposes, seeds for. . . settlers Alabaster, ornaments of. . . Alcohol Ale, in Iwttles casks Alkanet root Almanacs, advertising . . . Almonds, shelled not shelled Aloes Alpaca, hair of maniifactures of. . . Alum.. Aluminiun* acetate of . ... chloride f )f Amber, ^um Ambergris 34 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 24 ISt 1 1 1 •) 24 27 27 20 24 24 31 22 22 22 24 1 ! 21 21 14 23 23 14 26 14 14 24 23 3 1 4 326 786 (558 41 32 33 463 853 6 544 543 397 801) 44 421 7 8 .545 33 <» 10 546 854 509 648 547 780 620 680 549 Amethyst, not iwlished. Ammonia, sulphate of i Anatomical jireparations . .j ATichors ' Anchovies, in oil 1 other ! Angle iron Angles for ships Angola hair Andine, arseniate of dyes Aniline dyes, in bulk oil, crude salts Animals, imported tempo- rarily impi'ovement of stock living, N.E.S... of settlers, live stock pn)duct of New- foundland .... Animal maniires Aniseed Annato seed Anodes, nickel Anodynes AnteU)pe skins, tanned, &c. Antimony »aHs Anticjuities, collections of . Apjwratus for schools, col- leges, &c Apparel, wearing . . of settlers | of .subjects dying abroad i I •■it 14 14 11 20 20 2?s 28 23 14 14 14 14 14 29 29 2{> 29 29 23 24 14 24 28 14 23 14 14 32 fi 15 31 32 .■)44 :\m 551 560 532 .•)33 251, 252, 253, 704 ♦584 56S n 552 553 554 55.5 5.5(5 12 809 557 (579 799 .5.58 55!t 324 382 295 561 32(5 607 7(51 514 809 564 >'i > «•',•• .',4, ' ■ ' I V'' 530 INDEX TO TARIFF AND IMPORTS. ^^ " • .; • \,i '' *' ■ ,■ ' wj •• ■' '■■■• ■ . ' * < ' . V; ■■.*''•■,■:■ fill J' i ■ .■,.'.•; , .. 1^. ,5,< ^,,-, .■" r..' •<•■ ' ». Air ■ ■.■,■•>;. ti^-.;- I M,-\^- ■ v'; ■' ■ I .1 m\ .(,-,' .♦■ ■.-. ArTIC'I.KS. Apple treeH Apples, dried green essence of Apricots, ijreeii A(|ua marine, stones Arabic, >funi Arcliill, extract of Argol, dust crude Articles not enumerated. . . Arms, fire Army, articles for Arsenic Arseniate of andine Artificial flowei-s and feath- ers Asbestt)s, aufl uianufac- tares of Ashes Asphultum. . . Attaclinients, binding Australian g\un Awnings Axes Axle grease Axles Azalcdii. ... . ... 1 Tariff No. 1 Babbit metal Bacon Bags containing salt ... . cotton, N.K.S cotton, seamless. . . . Bagatelle tables Baggage, travellers' Bakmg i)o\vder Balances Balls, bagatelle glass Bamboo reeds immanufaciured. . Bananas, green Band iron Barrels, jtetroleum exi)orted, &c salted meats Barrels, contuininy linseed oil Barilla I 30 21 21 14 21 27 24 14 14 14 31 8 31 14 14 18 28 24 31 •) 24 li> 9 23 10 24 28 20 32 17 17 31 31 14 <) 31 26 24 24 21 28 24 24 24 24 14 888 ir)!» 884 147 ; 884 .544 (i80 77 568 13 I 14 '. 562 .563 468 (!80 38{> 4(53, 464 15 214, '£M\ 333 16 315 18 134 131 17 831' 1!) 254 17 l/» .573 574 884 233, 234, 258 20 ■■ 575 21 211) 576 AllTICI.KH. ■s o Taiitt Nu. B Bark, ciiichonn. cork . . . . hendock. . tanners' . Barley Bars, iron iKv ay rai Barytes Batteries, electric, &c Batting, cotton, unculoured coloured . . Batts, cotton, not coloured. coloured. Beads and bead ornaments Beams, rolled for shi|w weighing Beaun . . locust nux vomica vanilla Bed comforters ... quilts Bed tickings, cotton Bedsteads, iron furniture. . Beef fluid, extract of Beer, in lK)ttles ca.sks Bees Beet-r(M)t juice Belladonna leaves Bells for chxirches Belts Belting, rubl)er . leather Benzole Berries for dyeing Bibles Bichromate of jKrtaah st)da I Billets, iron ' Billiard tables Binders' cloth j Bird ca, s | Biscuits, sweetened, all kinds not sweetened do Bismuth . . Bison hair Bitters, medicinal other Blackljerries Black diamonds 24 tl-JM 24 .-,,s. 'JtlO 28 L':<7 26 •">77 6 4.-)S 17 l-'7 17 12S 17 127 17 12S 31 U 28 252, 2:..S 28 704 28 •S>{ 21 .'.!l 21 72!l 24 .-.7.S 24 r.7s 17 ILM 17 121 17 12(i 28 174 20 15(1 22 J 22 S 20 .57! » 21 442 24 i),S() 28 2;i 28 5S1 1 ».) 24 3MS 23 2!t3 25 1527 24 5,S2 1 3t; 14 77(» 14 .5>i3 28 258 31 24 10 42 32 2!l 21 Kil 21 227 28 ,5S4 23 ()84 14 3S2 22 425 21 885 27 644 INDEX TO TARIFF AND IMPORTS. 531 1 Tftiiff T Nm O 24 111';: 24 till) 24 r„s7 • . . . 24 Ml>4 21 .-.0 28 215, 2.-.S. 28 '2H7 2(> •">"" 6 4.-)S ured 17 127 ed.. 17 IL's ired. 17 127 m'd. 17 12.S leiits 31 U 28 252, •2X\ 28 71 >4 28 2.-.1 .... 21 5!l 21 7211 24 57S 24 57S ^ 17 124 17 12 1 17 12ti re. . 28 174 20 irxi 22 t 22 s 21t 57!t 21 442 24 i)W) 28 2.S 28 5S1 t >).) 24 3.SS . • * . 23 L'iia 25 327 24 5^2 1 :m\ 14 770 14 583 28 258 31 24 19 42 32 2!l inds 21 Kil io 21 227 28 5.S4 23 084 14 3S2 22 425 21 885 27 044 AUTK'LES. Blacking . . HlanketH BUtnketniijund Uippnui. . . . Blank Ixjoks Bl(Nid8t(ineH Bloixl alhiiiiu'n BlctoniH, iron \ Blue Mack ('hinene , PrusHian Blueing, laundry Board, leather Board.s, sawn, not shai>ed.. lioilers Boiler i)late Boilers, ships' Bolts, shingle iron .... Bolsters Bolting cloths liont's, crude Bone-ash Bone-du.st Bone, n nufactures of, fancy Bonnets Bot>ks, blank enilKwsed printed, N.E.S.... professional, set- tlers' Indian dialects. . . . for promotion of learning for deaf and dumb specutUy importai.. iiniK)rtation prohi- bited B(K)kbinderH' t 240, 2.58 118 118 118 31 289 720 243 217 401 860 238,272 173 585 ,587 .587 .587 44 20igs and bars Britannia metal, manufac- tures of British copyright works. . . British gum Bromine Bronze, phosi»hor BrcKnns Broom corn Brussels car|H't Brushes Buchu leaves. Buckriim Buckskins, tanned Buckthorn fencing Buckwheat flour or meal. . . Buffalo hair Buggies Building stone Builders' hardware Bullion Biu'gundy pitch Burr stones Burrs, coinier Bushes, blackberry go«j.seb«rry raspberry rose Butter .. . . Buttons, vegetable, ivory,&c all other Button covers. . . . 15 18 22 28 28 28 28 28 28 28 28 21 12 12 28 31 14 23 28 28 1 24 14 28 31 24 15 31 24 1!» 23 28 21 21 23 10 26 9 27 24 29 .S«)0 .504 (iOO 515 504 (501 602 295 218 51 60 684 82 437 231 ()03 (>04 605 121 888 888 888 888 70 71 72 73 34J rT" I. " ' ' .1 532 INDKX TO TARIFF AND IMl'fUlTS. rl •' .'.:■',. AHTH'I.KS. „.«.•■ ,• I 1 I, f ■ • ' '. ■'■■ .l\ Ill ■ . . 1 ■ -rf':. pi-:..: •.■•■'. ■■ [<■'•■* '' ^.J'l o Cahiint furnitiirt' 13 Cal)iuHtH iif luiticmitit's. ... 32 ctiiii!* 32 iiiKlalM 32 Caliiiiftuuikt'rK'hardwun'. . if Cap'H, hint 32 Cau'iidaiH, iwlvt'rti«ing. . . . 1 CalfHkiiLs. 23 Calmiiba 24 Caint^l liair 23 CanieuH i 27 Canada platen 2K Cftii.iry secfl i4 CaiKlles, tallow 2.' wax . . 2> < other 2;^ Candv, hu.i?ar 21 Cacti 24 Can*' juice, concentrated.. 21 other 21 Cane, split 24 CinxK mill ii'iilkiii'i x^(VA'.s. . . 24 Canned meat.s 2() Cans, tin •.■■.••■; , -'8 Canvas for ships" .-.ailH Ill for floor oilcloth. . Ill jute, for do ... l!( Cacmtchouc 24 Cajits, fur IS Caplins 18 Caps, cloth 18 not elsewhere s|H'citied 18 fur : 18 for umbrellas [28 Caraway seed. 24 CarlK)lic oil 25 Carhun or airhun pitint*. . . 2(5 CarlMjys .......... 2(t containing liquids . 2(> Carbuncles 27 CardlK)ard, i)rinted or| »tani|)e<1 | 1 Cards...... ] pictf)rial show ; 1 playing 1 Card — clothing, machine.. 32 Cardamun seed 24 Carmine 14 Carr)ets N.E.S lo CarjK't bags 23 Car) )ets, Brussels, &c 15 treble ingrain . . . i 15 two-ply and three- ply .' ! 15 Tariff No. 173 (J07 (M»: (W)7 231 2)> 33 21(3 78<; (i84 544 25fi 88() 74 75 7« 4r)3 3:« 442 447 77 l'.»2 317 78 71» «;i() (ill 012 172 80 514 2(M> 172 48fi 887 328 207 180 5 :aa i 33 : 33 33 40 30() 700 118 515 487 .515 516 517 I .VllTH't.KS. Ian Car|M'ting, licniip ; 10 jute ;••••:■ 1" Carpets, W( Nil, treble ingrain 15 warp of cotton. ... 17 Carriages , 10 childntn's 10 costing .*100 or over 10 travellers', &c 10 Car]>et mats 15 warps, c!)lo\ired. ... 17 warps, not cohtured 17 Cars, baggage, luider regu-, lations j 10 freight, tmder regu- lations 10 railway, under regu- lations ; 10 railwivy 10 Carts, hand 10 farm, railway ori freight. ...'. : 10 jileasure 10 Cases, fancy 31 show 24 Caskets 24 Cats-eyes. . 27 Cattle for improvement of stock j 2!> Cartridges- gun, rifle and! pistol, Ac I 8 Cases, jewel, &c \ 31 Ci(i 17 i'>i" t t • 1 1 10 N'J 10 H.'. UVtT 10 HH 10 iiih; , If) :.i.-. . • • • t 17 IL'S irefl 17 127 eKii- 10 727 HKU- 10 727 I'K" . . . . 10 72 • • • 10 S4 10 H4 or • t • . 10 «2 10 «2 31 H . 4 • 24 17:. . . . 24 17:< 27 544 t of 29 (!!)2 md H 1!»3 31 4M7 ?A • • • 24 »x\ ■ • • 24 72(1 * • . 32 8fl ripH 32 f.r) i 12 «8 ...1 12 Hit 12 !l(l {(>- ... 12 111 (. . . ' 12 87 28 222 • ■ • 1 23 28(» AUTICI.KS. Tariff Xo. Amtici.ks. 'I'liritf N... O (^Imlk Mtoiie ChainoniiN' flowfru Chainpiiniu' Clittiiiu'lf*, inm Charts Chiirfu, A'lniiriift/i Chee«e . . . . , Cli»>rrins Cherry, linuljer treeM Cherry-hfivt weldiiiji- v'.,.i- IHmiid Clifrttniit, liiinl»tir Chitt seed Chicory, raw roasted or jifi'ound &c Chimneys, glass lamp China clay ware Chinese hlne Chloralum Chloride of lime zinc Chocolate Chromos Chromoty|)es Chronometers Church vestments Churches, articles for Churns, ws. Citrons Citron riwiK Clay, china pij'f ; tooacco pijies Clays Cliff stone. Clippings and waste CloaKs, fur Clocks springs Cloth caps hoi'se collar . Cloths, N.E..S 2 025, 8!M) 257 010 705 08 j>20 010 777 172 iK) 100 514 500 50!> o Clothes-wringers Clothing, cotton, N.E.H. , . wUnl.. . . Coir yarn Coke gas, for manufacttu'es . Collars, linen or cotton. . . . Collar cloth. Union, not glossed. Union, glossed Collection of antiijuities . . . 31 17 15 15 31 31 15 24 20 2ti 2() 24 25 28 25 18 15 21} 14 14 21 21 22 22 22 22 24 10 25 22 22 22 22 22 24 27 32 27 10 10 2«} 20 18 24 24 32 101 134 514 102 027 571, 572 102 880 028 103 104 105 327 17ti 327 172 5(«» 020 041 030 107 108 100 110 111 111 031 KMi 320 112 114 113 032 33 173 033 «M)7 857 (>35 035 115 073 110 a'>4 355 007 V] . •^-. '■I I 1 /' '■■ , '.i 'v V.,,. . . V, V «•• A \J P--.:' ill ■*'■."• . '■• P? ■■.■■■ t^.v.^' =';>'■■ '/,,.• (•I ' , - . 584 INI»EX TO TARIFF AND IMPORTS. AkTU'I.KM. O Colh'tfcH, articl»'M for ColltNlioll C(>l<>iir»'(l fabricH ColouiM, N.K.S. Kroiinci in oil (Iry ColdurN, in ptilp nictullic C'<)lii>ni*'l'ikeH C'lilogn*' water, in 4-(mnoe ImttlcH C'(ili>Kn»' water, over 4-ounct' Uitth'M ConiliM ConmionH, Houmh of, arti- cU'M for Coninmnion plate ConipaHHex Coui|MMitionH, medicinal. . . onuunentH . . Concrete, sugar Confection of liquorice. . . . Confectionary laln-lH for. . . . Coniuin cicuta ... ConsulM-(teneral, articles for Copal gum. ... CopjH-r nianufaetureH of. . . 124 134 134 4L' 137 12.-. is;{ 12.-. t;; 13!» 14:. (.42 144 .■.44 4(i!l 8f.S .".44 544 74:! 7(.<> 17 14(» 887 252 IGl 884 88S 43(1 INUKX TO TARIFF AM) IMI'OIITS. 586 i 8 Tiiriff 21 (tl 24 43:{ 21 41(L' 27 ')44.6it!i 17 : i:ti 28 7!l 17 12.-) 17 124 17 1:<| 17 i:<^ 17 4'J 17 V2 17 u: 17 ILV. 17 IKi 17 rr. 17 l.HS 17 (i;i!i 17 L'til 17 (las 17 .Vni 24 (;:{s 17 (i(i:< 17 24 SH() 24 74S 24 74M 17 12(1 24 2! 10 17 i;<(; 21 hh:> 1« VM 2(i , 14.-. 14 M-2 2ti 144 27 r.44 1) 4(i!» '2H : MtlS 27 1 r)44 27 r)44 14 74:.' 14 1 7C.«T hikiiiH, tanned DeiiiijoliiiM c'oiitaiiiinK liqnidM cartlu'iiwan' .... DHniuiM, cotton iH'partnif'utH, aiticU-M for. . I)«'nk«, writing IMainondH, Mack Diaiiioufl (Irilix ;UiMt WUHi't JtiHCK or iiuIIh DoeskiiiM, N.E.S DollH. . Doiniiiion (fViTimieut, ar- tich'H tor DiKH'H for .safes anil vaults, . Dragon's bliKxl Drain \»\>yn tiles I)ra\vers, wcHiUen Drawings ini|K)rtation pro- hibited Dressine Dressing, harness Dried fruit, N.K.S.. Driers, Japan and licjuid. . Drillings, cotton Drills, cotton, not nrinted. dyed Drops, medicinal Druggets Dry ^)utty Dualin Duck, for belting and hose. Ducks, cotton, not printed, &c dyed or col- oiu-ed . . . 13 i) !) 10 !> 24 17 ir> 21 2ti 23 2<( 2«i 20 17 31 31 27 •I 27 27 28 15 31 31 2H 14 12 12 ir. 3 10 10 21 24 17 17 17 14 15 2ear, «!fec. medicinal fruit containing s]>irits Essential oils for manufac- turing (mriKises Ethir, xafphtiric Excelsior 15 14 14 14 8 20 20 20 20 24 32 20 22 (( 28 28 28 22 "T 18 20 20 430 458 458 370 434 435 43(( 427 051 280 544 052 304 140 'il7 228 344 221> 243 401 243 248 053 352 10 0.54 055 147 382 147 427 148 214 140 ' f\ 536 INDEX TO TARIFF AND IMPORTS. #iSv ■• ..•If. r^.f.. ,'. »• ., ' V ; 'u .■'■'• •''"■'1 III, 1 1 ' ' •■ !. l'>->' ■-' in ■; :>iji: ;-■*, •■,■■' i- ^'i''J ." -.■■••'' PvW'L" ' ' •■ •'■•■* Articlks. E Exi)l()sives (wi-e giiniwwder) Extra(!ts containing spirits of archill beef. Extracts of cudbear EHrnct of C(i)nirooreserved or prepared packages :. smoked hooks Fisheries, produce of , N. E. S Fishing rods Fish plates, railway Fixtures, gas, coal oil, &c. Flag stones, &c Flannels, Canton, not printed Canton, dyed, &c. cotton, not printed dyed, &c. . N.E..S.. .. Flasks . Flats, iron . . . .' Fla.\, canvas fibre hackled seed tow of seed oil Flints stcjnes, ground pai)er Floriiit xtock Flower odors, |)reserved. . . Flowers, artificial Flower seeds Fhii'i r hulls, all kinds Flour, damaged Flour of buckwheat rice rye sago I'' 663 24 6(i3 14 ILS 8 245 12 r)!»4 26 6r>!( 14 l.-)4 1.V2 20 531 20 530 1 41 20 5l'<» 23 870 25 542 25 32'.) 20 534 20 535 20 541 20 5.31 9 664 20 542 5 153 28 LTjO 28 176 26 15,s 17 125 17 12() 17 125 17 126 15 5t)!» 2(i 179, 180 28 215 19 79 19 155 19 15-. 24 15T 19 15t, 25 .33 1 26 666 2() 666 9 394 24 3.33 31 380 18 13 24 397, 886 24 333 21 49 21 60 21 6() 21 t)4 21 w; !f,' 'i-V* ^1 -'ik h ''i INDEX TO TARIFF AND IMPORTS. 537 fe Taritf No. Akticleh. "3 17 663 L>4 663 14 lis 8 245 12 5! (4 2« 65! 1 14 154 5 152 20 531 20 530 1 41 20 52!» 23 870 25 542 25 32;> 20 534 20 535 20 541 20 531 y 664 20 542 5 153 28 2'^) 28 176 26 158 17 125 17 12(; 17 125 17 126 15 50!t 2(i 179, 180 28 215 1!> 79 19 155 IJ) 15-. 24 157 10 156 25 33 i 26 666 26 666 1» 394 24 333 31 380 18 13 24 397, 88(> 24 3;« 21 49 21 60 21 6(. 21 64 21 6(> Flour of starch wheat Fluid extracts Folders Folitft digitalis F(K)t grease. Force puiTips Forgings, N.E.S Forks, cast iron, not han'd 2 and 3- pronged . . . 4, 5 and 6-pronged- Fossils Fowls, imre breed Franiew, picture Freestone Frencli cnlors, preserved . . Fringes Fruit, dried, other green , in cans , labels for j)reserved in brandy essence of trees Fuel, wood for, Manitoba andN.W.T Fullers' earth Furniture, wood or other. iron settlers' Furs, dressed hatters' manufactures of. . . Fur skins, undressed a (ialvanic V)atteries Game (Tannister (iarden seeds Uarnets, iwlished not jwlished .... (las coke fixtures meters |)i|>tfs, cast iron . . . , light shades Gentian root Gennan mineral jKjtash salts .... silver, not platnl in sheets. , TarifF No. AKTICLE.S. -2 Tariff No. 21 433 21 65 22 427 1 41 24 667 24 6(W 28 249 28 214, 230 236 28 219 9 466 9 467 2<> 669 29 670 4 366 2«J 437 31 380 18 280 21 161 21 162 21 169 1 41 21 170 14 147 30 888 24 a52 26 671 13 173 13 174 13 809 23 171 23 685 18 172 23 665 (> 458 20 31(> ;.6 672 24 886, 397 27 6 27 .544 2(> 673 28 176 9 177 28 220 13 181 24 ()74 14 769 14 715 28 178 28 407 a German silver, for manu- facturing. Giant jwwder Gigs Gilt ware Ginger wine Ginghams Gin, (4eneva "Old Tom" Ginseng r(X)t G irders Gl l.r Grain, damaged Graniteware 28 803 8 198 10 82 27 376 22 419 22 430 17 12(5 22 421 22 424 24 (575 28 252,253 26 179 26 179 26 865 26 188 2(! 182 2»> 182 2(5 185 2(5 18(5 2(5 187 2(5 183 26 182 26 (54 2(5 184 2(5 189 9 394 13 181 2(5 275 23 295 18 190 23 191 21 454 21 455 23 (W4 15 510 27 192 27 (533 27 277 31 (57(5 31 676 21 885 30 888 1 .588 31 5(59 21 49 26 145 1^ it • •;.- v. t-^:e^; '»;/ *•:;; K'"'' ■ . ■ ! It:. '■ .■• ■ #■ •' 1 1 *f;. , ■ 1 '♦ ■ . ■ ■'■#• •' ' .* i' ' " !,■ ■'■^ It.'. li '■:■ '^« • 'if ■' ■•■• ■ .- ■'('.'■■, ■iiV . .,'!:■: #'^' ■•'••■:;■■ III! ; ■ ' .' , ■ «;i-v;-.:i ■ 538 INDEX TO TARIFF AND IMPORTS. Akticlf-s. Tariff ■fc No. O Or (Trai)fs (Trai)e sugar (Traiie vines Orass, Spanish nianilla l)laits pulp of other seed Grasses, fancy (Travels (irease, soap stcK-k axle (xrindstones (Tuano (xunis (JunnvrHid Gunpowder, blasting and mining. . . . cannon and musket .... canister giant rifle and sjKjrting. . . Gut Gutta percha, m a n u f a c- tures of crude . ... Gyimimi, crude grtiund H Hair, braids, chains or cords of not cui'led cloth curled mattresses Hair oils Hanuiiers . . )>lack.sn)iths'. . . . HninmockK HajMs Huiid carts Hand franii' needles Hangings, paper Handkerchiefs Hardware, carriage liouse furnishing Harness and jiarts of ... dr'-ssing Harve.sters 21 21 30 24 24 24 24 24 24 24 26 23 23 26 23 24 24 8 8 8 8 23 24 24 26 26 23 23 23 23 23 2? 9 9 17 20 10 (» 24 17 9 9 10 10 9 167 454 888 655 732 768 (i55 655 886 657 677 678 15 439 679 «»0 726 197 195 196 198 194 681 200 (i82 (J83 373 280 (i84 201 202 173 359 4(» 469 49 315 84 263 350 203 231 232 205 204 4«]8 Article.s. Hats, fur Hats, Leghorn, unfinished N.E.S Hatters' bands, bindings . . linings sides, tips furs l)lush Hay forks Head lights Hemloc-K bark leaf seed Hemji, canvas India undressed carpeting, matting and mats rags Henbane leaf Herrings Hickory . . billets lumber, sawn for spokes Hides, raw Hinges Hoes Hog hair Honey Hooi) iron Hooj) iron for manufacture of rivets Hoi)s ... H(K)fs Horns strips manufactures, fancy tips Hosiery, cotton w(Kjllen Horses, improvement of stock Horse clothing, shain-d, X.E.S Horse collar cloth hair lowers shoes nails Hose, ruV>ber House of Commons, articles for Hou.se furniture 18 18 18 31 31 31 23 31 9 13 24 24 24 19 14 24 19 17 24 20 24 24 24 23 28 9 23 20 28 28 22 23 23 23 ."1 23 17 15 29 15 15 23 9 28 28 24 31 13 Table No. 172 m 2w; H72 ,S72 M72 (185 fWC. 467 IK] 687 636 636 79 697 6,s.S _S1 ( 1 7 6! 14 •V_'7 7i.'(; S7.S 7ln; t;s'.) 272 4tl6 (;S4 L>o7 23.'i, -I'M, 2.').s 6! 10 ■JOS (;<« (I'.n 44 tiiiH 41(1 5(1'. t 6! 12 .M4 :m\\ (;s4 24H 24<; 24f, ; 7!t (;il7 (IMS _S1 I I I 7-J(l S7.S 7ln; (is; I 272 4t;(i (1S4 2(17 233, 2;vt, 2.").S (i'lO 2()K ti!W (;!)3 (iin 44 f;!i3 41(1 r)(i!» (1!»2 15 :)14 15 .Vt!t 23 (184 9 248 28 24(1 28 24(1 24 38K 31 :.7i 13 17:'. INDEX TO TARIFF AND IMPORTS. Articles. H Household furniture of settlers Hubs Human hair Hymn books : Hyoscyamus I Ice Iceland moss Illustrations, pictorial, for schools Imitation precious stones. . Implements, agricultural . . Incrusted stones Indigo auxiliary extracts paste Indian hemp madder corn India rubber manufactures, belting, hose, &c . clothing unmanufactured . . vulcanized handles Ingots, steel Ink, writing shoemakers' Inlaid stones, not polished. Iodine, crude Insulators, lightning rod . . 'telegraph Intaglios Iimcacuanha Iris Iron and steel : — Adzes Anchors Angles I O 13 10 23 1 14 31 24 Tariff l| No, ' for ships Arms, fire Axes chopping Axles parts of . . . . . Axle bars blf^nks Attachuu iits, binding . Balances Bands . . . . 9 28 28 28 8 !) 9 10 10 10 10 9 9 28 809 505 684 36 694 695 738 1 762 31 209 9 468 27 544 14 698 14 699 14 700 14 700 14 697 14 730 21 52 24 210 24 388 24 211 24 696 24 212 28 258 14 213 10 30 27 544 14 701 26 179 26 179 27 544 24 78(J 24 702 463 5()0 251, 252, 253 704 245 463 4(i4 214, 236 236 214,236 214, 236 4<»8 254 233, 234 258 Articles. Iron and steel- Bar. . .. -ConVd. Bars, railway Beams for ships Bedsteads Billets Binding attachments. Blanks Blooms Boiler plate tul;)es Boilers ships Bolt blanks Bolts Bowls, steel Brads, cvit Bridge plate . Bridges Canada plates Caps for imibrellas . . . Car springs Cast iron scrap. Castings Chains Channels S Tariff Clock springs Combs, curry Crowbar- Cutlery Ciittiufis or cUpjtiiujg.. . . Engines, tire. locomotive . . . Engines, ;)ortable ships steam, otlier . . Ends Fencing, barl)ed wire. . buckthorn . . . . strip Fen-o-nmnganese silicon Ferrules Files steel or Firearms Fish hooks plates Flats 28 215, 258 260 28 237 28 252, 253 254 28 704 13 174 28 258 9 468 28 238, 253 28 240, 2.')8 28 217 28 265 9 243 9 401 28 238, 272 28 238, 272 28 814 28 225 28 253 28 235 28 256 28 486 28 236 28 220, 221 28 239 28 221, 244 28 222 28 251, 252, 253 6 ]00 9 231 9 469 9 227 28 212 9 229 9 243 9 248 9 401 9 243 28 228 28 216 28 218 28 218 28 228 28 228 28 486 9 4»k5 28 815 8 245 9 664 28 2.50 28 215 539 !l , .,. •.' .1 ..■:>' If!-''-- ,i 1.1 fl ■, , I' , ■ » ■< ,'■..•.' i. .':,M ''.■*■ '■■'■ I ,' i. *.:i ; f i I ■ ■' i ■ • w. . . ' V ,' rv ( v".:j r-: ♦■ i' • 1 » . •'('■■., 540 INDEX TO TARIFF AND IMPORTS. ArTK'I.KH. I Irrm ;ind steel -Cwi-pronged. For Khipx or veHxels Furniture ( iirders H'lniniers blacksmiths'. Hardware Harvestei"s Hatch^'ts Hay knives Hinges Hinge blanks Ht)es Horse iK)wers shoes Hoop Iniplenients,agricultural Ingots, steel Instruments, .turgical. . . Irons, cast liatters and tailors. Iron, othf r rolled sand scroll liquor masts sul|)hateof same duty as steel. Joists Kentledge Knife blades blanks Knives, hay Knees, ships' Locks. Locomotive tires L(M>1)S jMaciiinery, N.E.S ships Machines, agricultural . foM:.g mowing . . . . lX)rtable .... .sewing settlers . I 28 Tariflf No. 214, 230, 23(> 28 219 !) 4G(> <) 4t)7 iW Hsr 13 174 28 252, 253 !) 4<>3 !t 4(>!t it 231, 232 il 408 <) 463 !) 467 28 272 28 272 !) 46(> •1 248 28 246 28 233, 234, 258, 690 \) 4(58 28 258 1 245 28 221 28 221 28 233, 234 28 251, 252 253 2(! 275 28 233, 234 14 705 11 708 14 819 28 262 28 252, 253 28 239 28 242 28 242 i) 467 28 704 !> 231 9 243 28 728 28 240 9 243 9 401 !) 468 !» 381 it 468 9 248 9 3i)8 9 80it Articlem. I Iron and steel — Confil. Maiuifactures, not enu- merated Masts, ships Mattocks ; . , . . Metal from iron Mills, saw and |)laning. Muskets Nail plate rod Nails, composition cut hoi) hor.se shoe sheathing wire wrought Needles, steel Notches, umbrella Nut blanks Nuts, wrought Pa]>er cutters Picks Pig : Pi]*, cast iron Plate PlaiL.-!, engraved ships Ploughs Ploiifjh platen, moiif- hiMtrilx ami lanilniiltx. Presses, printing Pumps Rails Rasps Reajjers Ribs, umbrella Rifles Rings, umbrella Rivets Rods rolled wire Rojje, wire Runners, umbiella Safes , Saws, steel for Scak's Scrap from vessels w"ei„.v 'd Screws Scroll Scythes Tariff No. 28 11 9 28 9 8 28 28 28 28 28 28 28 28 28 i) 28 28 28 it 9 28 28 28 3 28 9 28 it 28 28 9 i) 28 8 28 28 28 28 28 28 28 28 28 it 28 28 28 28 9 217 247 274 70S 46!l 261 24h 215 217 264 223 224 246 246 223 246 246 2(;3 486 238 272 3S1 469 2.S!t 220 ,221, , 256 377 704 468 210 .SHI 249 237 ,812 4()5 4(i8 486 245 48() 238, 272 260, 264 785 703 270 486 254 816 254 239, 273 7i)6 255, 3!Mi 1233, 234 471 pi INDEX TO TARIFF AND IMPORTS. 641 J ' Tariff Akticles. 28 11 9 28 9 8 28 28 28 28 28 28 28 28 28 y 28 28 28 •) 9 28 28 28 3 28 9 28 9 28 28 *> 9 28 8 28 28 28 28 28 28 28 28 28 9 28 28 217, 247, 274 TOS 4()!t •2»n 24s 215 217 204 22;^ 224 24f) 24(1 228 24(i 24l> 2(13 48t; 238 272 3S1 4I>!I 23! t 22(1 221, 2r)(i 377 704 4(J8 210 381 249 237 ,812 4(55 4()8 48(i 245 48() 238, 272 2(;o, 2()4 785 703 270 48t! 254 8i(; 254 239, 273 79() 28 255, 39() 28 ;233,234 9 I 471 Iron and steel --Coji<'(/. Sections, special . . Separators . Shapes, structural . Sheets f ir ships shovels, &C', skates Shoes, horse mule Sllovels Skates Skelp. Slabs . •lank,'! Sledses . S|»aaes Spiegel Si)ik.s blanks for M Tariff t 1 No. Ahticleh. and ^pi'JK^ Springs clock .... Kteel S(|uares Steel bowls for files. . . . Steel ignots, &f.. needles . . parasol rails Steel for saws ships . . . shovel spades skates i not enumerated. . ' Stcfl, ^u. li j/atKjc ((»s Structural work Surgical instruments. . 28 9 28 28 28 28 28 28 28 28 9 28 28 28 9 9 28 28 28 28 28 (> 28 28 28 28 28 9 28 28 28 28 28 28 28 28 28 28 28 28 28 28 28 28 28 7 251, 252 248 251, 252, 253 217,25(5 258, 2<50 704 810 813 24« 24(5 24(; 470 470 257 217 240, 258 4t59 470 470 228 223, 224, 24(5 225 214,23(5 100 811 215 814 815 258 263 48(5 ,812 81(5 704 237 810 813 247 329 811 261 241 850 271 322 221 258, 260 235 245 Iron and steel— Cont'd. Swedish nail rods Tack, cut Threshers Tools and inipiements. . tinsmitlis' Track t(K)ls Tire::, locomotive 'lubing, boiler la])- welded . . . . not welded. . . . wrought iron . . other Vessels, cast Washers \\' edges Win, hrdKHor copper. . . covered A^o. hi ci- l-i ija u(/e. 15 gauge ... 1(> do . . . . rigging.. ....... rods under A inch. rope spring steel Istle Ivory, uinncamifactured. . . . black manufactures, fancy mit^, unmanufac'red vaccine points. . . . Veneers .... Jala]) root Jams Japans Japanned leather. . . ware Jars, glass Jeans, cotton, for makers Jeans, Kentucky . . . Jellies Jet lilack, dye Jewellery Jewel cases Joists Jugs, earthenware . . Junk, old Jute butts carpeting o corset 28 28 9 9 9 9 28 28 28 28 28 28 28 28 9 28 28 28 28 28 11 28 28 28 24 23 14 31 24 31 23 24 21 24 23 28 2i; 17 17 21 14 27 3' 28 26 24 24 24 19 Tariff No. 2(54 225 248 4(5.3to471 231 469 728 2(55 2(5(5 267 268 2(59 221 272 469 196 503 328 241 850 851 703 270 271 7(M5 707 281 44 707 839 842 709 27(5 488 297 4(5(t 179 13(5 12(5 27<5 (548 277 487 252,253 144 710 712 711 27K i ■;■« ''ill i ■■■.r/4 u 1. 1 !,^ If' ■ ■'1 ,; 'i 4 l--:-:M f '.-r ^-,. • , [--*;'/ ■ . * • f'-'' ■ - . f ■ i » ' ' . , r ■» i /"', ' « " ■ ||f.yf; . W •'■' " •w. i ;'■ ' ■ ■. .' '. 'I i .' * . ii V -'•':)• ■ . ■ ■^;% •i r>---.^ 642 INDEX TO TARIFF AND IMPORTS. Jute cloth, for l)ags t)iily . cloth, uniinitthecl matting manufactures, N. K.S. rags yarn, jdain seed Kainite Kelp. Kentledge Kentucky jeans Kerosene oil fi.\tm'es Kid, leather Kloman process, iron made by Knees for ships Knife blades, rough . ... l»lanks Knitted goods, woollen. . Knitting yarn Knives, jMated hay Kryolite Lal)els Lac, dye Laces IxKjt, shoe and stay . . Lacquers Lakes, in pulp Lami>black Lamps, glass . Lamp-wicks .. Lanterns, magic Lard oil tried untried Lasting."! Latch needles. Lawn trees Lava Lead, acetate of nitrate of bars, blocks and sheets old scrai) and pig . . . l^encils ... 1!) l!l V.) lit 10 1!> 24 14 24 28 17 25 28 23 28 28 28 28 15 15 !, !) 2() 1 14 18 18 24 14 14 13 17 5 25 20 20 31 •) 30 26 14 14 28 28 31 713 713 278 27!> 777 714 88(i 715 71« 23!> 12() 327 17(i 2!)3 253 704 242 242 .50!> 50!» 375 4(i7 717 41 718 280 43 488 118 281 181 135 307 330 282 283 867 263 368 71!) 286 28(> 285 281 a)8 L Lead, pijje manufactures, N. E.S shot red and white white in pulp Leaf, gold and silver Leather l)elting Lmtlwr hiltitxj, N.E.S. .... 1 Halting, dressed. . . lx)ard Cordova dressed and waxed glove japnjined, patent, t'itC lamb skins sole . . sweat upiK-r manufactures of, N.E.S all ether, N.E.S. . Leghorn huts, uutinisJied. . Leeches Lemons for Ccandying Lemon wine Lichens Lightning rod insulators . . Lignite, products of Ligmnn vitse Lime, chloride of JHICC suretentd and other fruit juices not Kweetentd sulphate of Linen rags Lines for fishing Liniments Linseed oil Liquor, iron red Liquorice root paste, extract of. stick, extra<^t.. . . J.iterary societies, articles for Litharge . Lithographic stones Literary pajjers Locks Litmu.s 28 28 8 14 14 27 23 23 23 24 23 23 23 23 23 23 23 23 23 23 18 29 21 21 22 24 2(i 25 24 U 22 22 22 14 17 !> 14 25 14 14 24 14 14 31 26 2«i 1 J) 24 2!»1 287 2S,s 287 347 34S l!t2 3(11 > W 2!»:< 2S!I 2! IS 2!l() 2!)5 2!»7 2!»3 -2!»4 880 2«.»3 3('0 2ii!t SO 720 KiS 724 4: 14 ()83 17 777 9 ()i>4 14 382 25 3;n 14 705 14 7S0 24 721 14 301 14 302 'M 31 7()2 2(i 722 2« 303 1 744 () 231 24 723 L Locouiotiv*? Mif^ineH of rftilwayCos inU.S". tirt's Locust iKiaiiH Logs cedar, exiK)rl duty ... l>ine do Kpruff do Log\V(H>d e.xtract L(K)i).s, iron Lozengi's, medicinal Lubricating oil Lumber, N.E.H Hawn, not shajied, M Macaroni ... Mace , Machine card clotliing. . Machnies, folding mowing jKirtable Mewing settlers'. Miichiiivrii, mhu'iig other ship.s Mackerel Madder Maga>iines Magic lanterns Mahogany Malleable inm o*sting.s.. . Malt extract . . Mangane.se, <>\ide of. ... Manj^oes, green , Manilla, grass hoods Manures, aninia' Manure, vegetable Manuhcripts Maps Marnle bh>cks, less than 15 cub. ft. . . over 15 cub. ft rrtugh sawn slalw manufactures, NES (t 1 2'3 !> 727 28 728 21 729 24 725 24 800 2-; 862 24 8«)1 14 (;5<} 28 240 14 382 25 332,333 .334 24 506 24 726 21 62 22 420 32 30<> !( 381 <) 468 9 248 9 398 9 809 •) 291 9 243 !> 401 20 52() 24 730 1 744 i> 307 24 726 28 244 21 304 14 305 14 731 21 884 24 732 18 308 23 679 24 679 I 733 1 37 2« 310 2« 30!) 2B 310 26 311 2(> .312 2() 313 M MartKin, in pulp Masts, iron Mastic, gum Mats, hemi) jute India rublwr Matting, hemp jute India rubber . . Mattocks Mattresses, hair and spring homo spring steel for Meal, buckwheat corn . . oat oil cake, cotton seed cake and palm nut cake damaged Meats, dried smoked or l>reserved fresh or salted . . . labels for. ... . . N.KS. ,. Medicines, jnoprietary. Medicinal preparations. . Meerschaum Melado, iniiKirted direct not direct Melons Meiuur^ries Metal, babbit britannia pigs and bars comp<>,' 2 24 S 22 22 24 2« 28 28 2« 28 28 28 28 28 25 31 25 !> 17 Hi 15 9 17 2i> 1 1 442 448 44!» 451 447 2!)1 738 73! » ()7(! 508 5()7 468 31!» 172 730 770 3!( 320 571,572 80!) 741 245 321 323 88(i 217 2(i4 223 224 240 240 240 223 24(i 327 572 3^5 203 383 400 383 004 40 557 744 38 N Nickel anodes silver, not ])lated. . . in sheets . . . . Nitrate of stnla Nitroglycerine Noils . .". NtitiK, Ixink ilraftn, 7s . 24 72(; 24 74(; . 14 773 . 24 747 . 21 53 21 (13 . 14 32(; . 31 3S0 . 13 173 . 25 327 . 25 32.S . 25 327 . 25 327 . 25 750 . 25 32!t . 14 148 . 25 542 . 25 18S 25 :m . 22 35<» . 25 327 . 25 330 . 25 327 . 25 331 . 25 332 . 25 333, 334 . 14 382 . 25 327 25 335 . 25 ;<;^(i . 25 750 25 327 f 25 327 . 25 33t> . 25 'XM Aktici.ks. OiIm, kIuiU^ prodHL'tH H[)enn whale Oiluaktf meal Oil-cloth, ill the \)U'vv, &c. fl(X)r Oiiitiiieiits OliitiifraphH.. . . Olives Onyx ...._ 0|iiilM, jM)lislied not iK>lishe(l Opium, drug for Hiiioking Optical iuMtruments ( )rnngeH , forciiiulying. . . . . ; Or.'ingts mineral wine. (hrhidx I trgauH, cabinet 1 . I'iix' I ( )rganzine \ Ores I Ornaments, alalwister, &.c. . | ( )n'is riK)t Osiers Ostrich feathers Otter of rose 0\erc()atingH Oysters, canned. in the shell seed and breeding, shelled in bulk . . . ( )Nalic acid I'iickages, fish I)roduce of Canada, exiK)rted and re- turned I'iicking, rublHT ... .... Paddy, rice I'ails. Paintings of Canadian ar- tists what .shall be pro- hibited by artists of merit Paint, fire-proof 35 1, Tariff 'i No. 26 327 25 542 i 25 542 ! 24 748 : 24 74!t AUTICI.KH. ± I Tariff J- No. Paints, gromul. Ill lit 14 1 21 27 27 27 14 14 « ! 21 ! 21 14 ! 22 : 24 I 2l 2 ' l(i 2« 31 ! 24 24 i 18 i 14 I 15 ! 20 j 20 j 20 I 20 14 , 31 31 24 21 24 3 3 14 3;^!> 338 382 33 884 544 (» 544 340 341 :^>7 1))8 751 347 430 3;i3 342 343 403 752 44 70" 151 753 500 537,538, 530 540 800 53(5 755 78, 541 866 388 55 504 : 344 757 I 1 a57 ' 756 I 154 i gri N.K..S Pdhii Palm leaf Palm nut cake meal , Pamphlets, advertising. . . . i N.Ks ; Pantal(K)n stuffs, cottun. . . ; Poptralhnmnni~i2 759 544 .58 764 358 145 350 428,429 a50 33 34 760 327 489 m-'4 Hi', ■•' ■ ■ ' '.'! •J; ■.:.. J Ill* ■ . :• I ■■'^::v 'I. IS!*?. ■ '.. , \m 546 INDEX TO TARIFF AND IMPORTS. Ahtici.ks. I'hf'asiuits iMiiiilrt, glasH Pliil()Hi)|>|iical instruments. PiKwplioriiH I'hoMplior hmnze I'lioto^rapliH, whiit HJiall In* l>i(>lii()itt'(i I'ianofoi'teK pai'tM of . . . Picks I'iekles Pictorial illimtrationM for scIhmiIs Pictures I'ictinc franu^s Pig irtin Pills Pillows Pine-apple, essence of Pine-apples, green Pine logs, e.\jK)rt duty •■ • . duty may be iu- creaned Pins Pil)e clay Pijws, cfist ir<)n ■:r.»'n 'ind sewer Pitcli )iiin\Hn wn,n()t sliaiied liM:i'fc,n»>dy i-W.\ me and Pitcher i|><;ut, punijis Plaids, coUon Plaits, straw, grass T\iscan Planks, sawn, not shaped . Plantains, gieen Plants Pla.ster of Paris, calcined . not calcined Plasters, medicinal Plated ware for churches . . Plates, lK)iler and Canada . engraved for ships photographic, dry . Platinum wire Playing cards Ploughs Plumbago manufactures of . Plums 1 Tariff ■^ No. 2t» (170 2(5 180, 171) (> 7(i1 14 7(13 28 :«50 8i-)7 ! •> 3()2 1 2 3(>3 1 <) 4(H» ' 22 3(»i"), IWA 3 7ti2 i 3 ;<3 i 4 •.m> \ 28 23!» 1 14 382 i 13 173 H 147 ! 21 884 24 8(i2 _ 8(;3 28 3(17 1 •2ii 7(>5 ' 28 220 12 143 24 72(! J4 (i()4 24 105 24 7(»(i 28 24!> 17 126 ! 24 768 24 72(J 21 884 ' 30 3(58 1 2(i 374 1 26 373 14 382 , :?7 376 i ■ i 634 28 217,221,1 247,2r)(i : 3 377 28 704 2(> 361 ' 28 767 i 1 40 i y 468 ! 28 378 j 28 379 ! 21 884 1 !Mum trees Plush, hatters' Pocket b.'mks Pomades I'omatunis Pomegranates, green Porcelain ware shades, imitation Porter, in bottles in disks Portland cement Posters l?ot-ashes J'otash, crude chUtnid' ')/. bichromate of ... (Ternuiu mineral. . salts nua-iate of j red pnissiate of. . . 1 Potatoes sweet i Powder, gun, rifle ancV s])orting Powder, camion & musket. cannister blasting and min- ii'K giant tooth and other. . . medicinal soaj > baking Poultry Prayer lKX)ks Precious stones imitation of. not polished Precipitate of co[>per .. Presses, pi'inting lithoiji'dphic Price lists Printed pa]>er, what shall be prohibited Prints what shall be prohi- bited Prohibited articles . Proj)rietary medicines .... Projaietary medicines on- taining spirits Prunella Prussian blue Prunes, dried 30 31 23 31 22 21 2(i 2«} 22 22 12 1 2-t It It 1-,^ 14 14 14 14 21 21 8 8 8 8 8 22 14 23 14 20 1 27 31 27 14 !i 1 n 77m 3.S-_' 77" • 7i;ii 7V^ 77n ;;st; (III) VXi vx. \\»\ lit; l 22 > itiition 22 12 1 2-1 It It U 14 14 14 14 21 21 A « 8 N ntf ;>'.<. I IC. 1 s n 77" ;»2 77it 7iHt 71. •- 77ii ItKI T.i.-. I'.ii; 8 1!«7 8 l!i.s 22 ;<:.!i 14 ,MSL' 23 41.-. 14 I'.i 20 m 1 'm; 27 i; 31 2(111 27 :m 14 771 !) ;{si 9 i;« 1 3.S 14 22 17 14 21 ,s.>7 344 8r)7 8r)7t(isr)'.» I 3X-2 427 3.S3 lis ARTIcr.KS. I'miliu iHMikw I'ulp of gras8t"H 24 Puniirc. 2(5 stDiie 2(> I'lUiipH, iron 28 PursHN 23 Putty 14 dry, for iMilisliing ... 20 KaK-< . W(X)lIell Kaken Rails, iron stnel Rf.ilway bars, iron . . ,ste«'l . .. , car.'*. Rai«in.s Kasjjs KasplierrieH t'.ssencf of wine of l)U.> 237 81;> 237 , 812 84 100 4(>r) 88r) 147 430 8''8 77 778 4(W 853 347 780 380 881 781 778 343 782 783 784 387 AiiTrdi.Ks. Tariff No. Ribs, bniMH (ir iron, for tiin- brellas Rice Hour luicleaned RiHes RiuKs, for lunltrellas . KivetH, iron or steel copper ' ingliatn ware iron or steel rolled round wire . steel , HiiMian cement Rose l.vkes wood Roots, medicinal IJi Hinds, iron RubU'r belting', itc fillets hard, crufle . Rul)ber, recovered substitute. . . . Rubies, not iKilislied. . . I{>ijrs, all kinds , Ruling machines Rum siu'ub Runners for lunbrellas. . Rve Hour. 28 21 21 21 8 28 28 28 2t; 28 28 28 12 14 24 24 28 24 17 24 24 24 27 15 U 22 22 28 21 21 s 480 54 (10 55 245 480 238, 27 200, Saddl' rv and parts of 10 SaHlouer 24 extract of 14 Haffron 24 e.Ntract of 14 cake 14 Safes, iron 28 d0 7H0 701 254 254 ()0 389 79 330 792 7!»3 528 788 789 391 390 1 1. 35| ^> IMAGE EVALUATION TEST TARGET (MT-3) // t 1.0 l^|2e ■ 50 *^* > m E 1^1^ ■ 2.2 1: m I.I 11^ m 1.25 1^ \i^ Hiotographic Sciences Corporation 23 WIST MAIN STRUT WEBSTIR.N.Y. MSM (716) •72-4503 fV iV ^ o o^ /.I .. *li V, . f 648 INDEX TO TARIFF AND IMPORTS. jr.! '• \i "1 l» '. ■/■.«• '.1* Articles. 8 Salt in bags, barrels, &c . . Salts, (lerman iMJtash Saltpetre Salves, medicinal Sand Sandal-wfK)d Sandaric Sand pa|ier Sandstone Sapjjhires, jxilished . not polished . . . Sardines, in oil other Sardonyx Sarsaparilla Satchels 22 14 14 14 2(> 24 24 9 26 27 27 20 20 27 2t 23 Satin white, colors I 14 wood \ 24 Saiices 22 Sausage casings 23 skins 23 Sawdust 24 Saw mills, ixjrtable 9 Scales 9 Scarlet colours 14 Scientific societies, articles; for.... j 31 books i)rinted byi 1 Schiedam schnapjis I 22 Schools, articles for ! 31 28 28 28 28 28 9 24 24 Scraj), iron f i-om vessels wrecked Screws, N.E.S " wcKxl screws ". . . Scroll, iron Scythes Sea grass weed Sections, sjjecial i 28 Seeds for agricultural pur-| ])08e8 1 24 medicinal ! 24 Seines for fisheries 1 9 Senate, articles for I 31 Senna 1 24 Separators ! 9 Sesame seed ! 24 oil i 25 Settlers' eflfects | 31 Sewer pijjes 12 Sewing machines , settlers. Shaddocks, green 9 9 21 Shades, gas Tights ! 13 Tariff No. 392 715 393 382 794 726 (WO 394 437 6 544 .■)32 533 .544 786 487 118 853 395 795 795 726 248 254 118 761 588 425 761 239, 273 796 396 255 233,234 471 798 797 251,252 397,886 799 664 571 800 248 886 337 809 143 398 809 884 181 Articles. u S Shades imitation porcelain. lamp Shade tre<^s Shale, products of Sliapep, structural Shawls. Sheep, improvement of stock skins, tanned Sheetings, cotton Sheets, iron or steel for ships do Shellac white j Shells, m-.tfufactured, fancy i unmanuf.actured | Shingle bolts, e.xport duty. I Shingles j Ships I beams, sheets, plates,' &c., for ; Shirtings, cotton ■ Shirts, cotton or linen woollen Shoe blacking \ Shoes, India rublier ■ leather | horse, mule and ox . \ Show cases , cards, pictorial Shoulders, meat I Shovels i Shrubs i Side lights i Sides, meat I Silex I Silk cocoons | in the gum manufactures, N.E.S.. plush netting raw \ sewing twist. ... . velvets waste Silver coin for manufacturing. . German, manufac tures of leaf manufactures Tariff No. 26 188 13 181 30 889 25 327 28 251,2.52 253 18 399 29 692 23 21>3 17 125 28 704 28 217, 256 258, 2C>0 810, 813 24 «W0 21 31 23 24 24 11 28 17 17 15 10 24 18 28 24 1 10 9 30 13 20 2(i 23 16 16 16 23 16 16 16 23 27 28 845 44 asi 860 400 401 704 126 402 509 30 210 300 246 175 33 315 470 3()S 181 315 801 b02 403 405 40<> 802 404 404 405 802 633 803 28 178 27 192 27 277 > • !' •« INDEX TO TARIFF AND IMPORTS. 549 3; Tariff c No. -^ J6 188 L3 181 K) 88!) }5 327 IS 251, 252 253 L8 3!)1) K) «!»2 S 2tt3 L7 125 58 704 58 217, 25<» 258, 2»M) 810, 813 54 «W0 !1 845 tl 44 Articles. a31 8(i0 400 401 704 12(> 402 501» 30 210 300 246 175 33 315 470 3(>S 181 315 801 im 403 405 40(> 802 404 404 405 802 633 803 178 192 277 S Silver nickel loUed . . Sizing creftm enamel ... Skates Skelp iron Skins, dried pickled salted tanned, N.E.S undressed Slabs, iron or steel Slate, mantels other manufactures . rooKng. ... sch(x)l and writing. . Sledges Sleiglis Snuff Soap, brown and yellow, common hi V o- Castile and white l)erf umed powders Socks and stockings Soda ash ashes ... bichromate of caustic nitrate of sal silicate of Sodium, sulphide of Spades Si)anish cedar grass ... Si)ar, ornaments of Sparkling wines Specifics for any disease . . . S|jectacle8 parts of. Spelter Sjierni candles oil Spiegel Spices Spikes, comiK>sition cut wrought and pres'd Spirits, not sweetened perfumed, 4 oz. bott over 4 oz. bott sweetened N.E.S 28 28 14 14 9 28 23 23 23 23 23 28 12 12 12 26 9 10 22 23 23 23 23 15 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 9 24 24 31 22 14 6 6 28 23 25 28 22 28 28 28 22 22 22 22 22 Tariff No. Articles. 240, 178 407 69 69 257 217 804 804 804 299 804 258 411 410 409 408 469 i 84 461 ' 412 i 413 i 414. 1 415 i 41(5 I 805 5<)2 583 80<) 742 793 807 808 470 726 655 44 431 382 417 418 817 76 542 228 419 223 224 246 421 428 429 425 426 o 8 Spirits, nnenumerated, &c. of wine i Six)kes I Spools, cotton ! Sprigs Spring mattresses Springs Springs, clock Spruce logs, export duty . . Spurs for earthenware. . . Squares, iron Squills Starch Statuettes Steam engines, fire locomotive, jjortable . . . ships other Stearine Steel bars railway for fencing saws skates shiijs umbrellas, &c. . . . manufactures .... shovels & spades. ingots manufactures, N. E. S. needles rails .... railway bars scraps sheets Tariff No. 22 421,432 22 10 17 28 13 28 6 24 26 28 24 24 31 9 9 9 9 9 23 421 !M 132 225 173 214, 236 100 861 818 215 im 433 44 229 243 248 401 243 357 28 ! 2.58, 260 crucible for straw-cutters, wire, 15 gauge. . . wire 28 28 28 28 28 : 28 28 ! 28 I 28 28 9 28 28 237 874 816 813 704 486 262 810 258 274 263 812 237 spring steel, homo. . . wire rods, rolled j round | Stereotyijes of books i N.E.S for blanks Stick, extract of liquorice . Stilts for earthenware Stockings Stones, burr ... cement 28 ! 239, 273 28 i 217, 2.56 ' 2r>8, 260 28 868 28 816 28 241 28 ; 271, 503 850, 811 28 883 28 ' 703, 7a5 28 434 28 , 28 i 14 26 I 15 ! 26 1 26 I 436 435 302 818 416 605 438 550 INDEX TO TARIFF AND IMPORTS. .' ',..1 S.: '. I .■ • E'l 'I* ' '«;.■■.; Articles. Tariff. No. Artici.kh. ., ■« , ,■ .(,' '1.7 s Stones, cnrlinn diamond dressed flagstones BTindstones Tithograpliic precious, injlished. not {X)lished. Stones, rough ware inlaid or incrusted. Stove i)lates Strawberries essence of ... . wine of vines Straw board l)laits Strip fencing Strips for fencing Structural shapes work Sugar, candy iniiKjrted direct for refining not direct above No. 14 not above No. 14. . . syrups beet seed . cane seed Kdccharine Sulphate of ammonia. . . . . . iron lime quinine soda zinc Sulphide of sodium Sulphur Sunshades Surgical instruments Susijenders Swedish nail rods Swine, improvement stock. ... . . Syrups, medicinal sugar of Table ware, glass (/loss, crimtal and decorated 31 27 26 26 26 26 27 27 26 26 27 28 21 14 22 30 24 24 28 28 28 28 28 21 21 21 21 21 21 24 24 21 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 18 7 18 28 29 14 21 26 26 1.55 644 440 158 43» 303 6 544 437 145 544 221 885 147 430 888 441 7(i8 218 258, 2i/ INDEX TO TARIFF AND IMPORTS. 551 1 § Tariff I No. 1 17 1 24 8 225 2 425 8 822 3 821 3 45(> 4 70« 4 823 4 824 4 04!) 5 515 4 105 4 825 7 134 4 32«i 4 32« I 280 2 457 2 82«; I 7m 1 (542 I 828 I 853 i 458 } 17J> ; 458 » 307 » 38i» 44 i 827 133 13. 1 24r 41 ! 142 725 72«) 506 460 829 78 488 641 459 829 78 460 382 427 172 728 461 Artici-ks. fe Tobacco, i)ii)f 8, clay imiuanufactiirfd , I'oilet preparations Tomatoes, fresh Tonjatoes, in cans Tonics Tonquin beans Tools and imjilements. . . settlers' tinsmiths' track Tooth 1 owders Topaz Tortoise shell Tow of flax Towels Toys, all kinds Tragacanth Travellers' baggage Tree-nails | Trees, forest j fruit, shade, lawn, &C| Troches ' Trunks Trusses { Tubing, brass ; copixjr I boiler | lapwelded . . not welded. . wrought iron! other iron, of. zmc .... Tubs... Turmeric Tnrijentine, raw. .spirits Turtles Turquoises Tuscan plaits Tweeds Twine for harvest bhulers. Twine for fisheries N.E.S., Twints sail Twist, silk Tyr)e metal u Tariff No. 26 22 22 21 21 14 24 9 9 9 9 22 27 23 19 17 5 24 31 31 30 30 14 23 7 28 28 28 28 28 28 28 28 24 24 24 14 20 27 24 15 19 9 19 19 16 28 28 Ultramarine blue 14 do j 14 Umber, raw | 14 98 830 359 491 492 382 887 463to471 809 231 469 359 544 831 150 472 44 680 832 a34 833 888, 889 382 481 22 45 120 265 26(» 2(>7 268 269 .523 504 835 836 480 837 544 7»)8 509 184 664 482 79 404 483 484 838 877 118 Articles. U J ! Tariff Umbrellas 18 materilVls for, Unenumerated articles Union collar cloth paper, glossed, &c Union collar cloth paper, ijot glossed Vaccine Valerian Valises Value of sugars, what shall be Vanilla, essence of beans Varnish for ships' use Vasseline Vegetables, in cans fibre... natural, for l)eds, &c . . . labels for manures other, N.E.S.. Vegetable substances for be(" i j Vehicles ] settlers' effects . . . j Velveteens Velvets, cotton silk I Veneers, w 525 355 354 839 786 487 450 147 .578 488 840 489 492 844 739 41 679 493 739 82 809 494 494 405 495 842 515 843 62 221 401 405 370 496 841 151 128 127 82 350 726 i-;-;; 552 INDEX TO TARIFF AND IMPORTS. ' t. W" I' 'i ■"'WJ. « \ S ' < .« ' ' l' '• 't fill Pa Articles. « o w Ware, china and i)orcelain, 20 earthen, stone, &c . . 20 plated 27 table, ^lasa 2<> Waters, medicinal 14 Warps, coloured 17 cotton, on beams. . 17 cotton. No. 00 17 not coL Hired. .... 17 Washers, iron 28 Washes, toilet 22 Waste, for pajier 31 Watch actions cases do 31 movements (» Watches 6 Water colours, by Canadian artists 3 other 3 lime 12 Wax, parafiine 23 candles 23 Webbinf/, non-elastic 31 elastic 31 Wedges 9 Weighing beams .... 9 Welding compound, cherry, heat 14 Well pumiMj 28 Whalelwne 23 Whale dl 25 Wheat 21 flour 21 Wheelbarrows . . 10 Wheels, parts of ........ . 10 Whips... 10 articles for manu- facture of 31 Whip gut 23 White, fine washed 14 White gla."s, enamelled. ... 20 obscured. . 26 Whiskey 22 White lead, dry 14 in pulp 14 zinc I 14 Whiting I 20 White shellac \ 24 24 24 15 17 26 wood Willow Winceys, N.E.S Winceys, cotton Window glass, common. Tariff No. 95 145 370 179 382 128 130 129 127 272 777 498 497 487 498 497 757 750 89 357 75 37 38 409 \ 254 618 I 249 847 ! 542 1 57 05 84 ' 505 499 , 881 ! 614 II 118 I 182 I 182 !! 421 347 348 347 i 840 ; 845 726 848 501 500 184 Articles. W Windows, stained glass . . . Wines, except sparkling. . . Wine, spirits of Wines, sparkling Wire, brass for boi.ts and shoes . , buckthorn and strip, cloth copj)er covered fencing, barbed j 10 gauge or smaller .. iron or steel, 15 gauge and coarser.. . . platinum rigging rods for wire manu- facture rods, steel spring steel, 9 gauge. Wooden ware Wood for fuel manufacturers mouldings, gilded . . . plain red sawn or split dogwood l»ersimmon veneers Wool, class one other, N.K.S carjjets 20 22 22 22 28 28 28 28 28 28 28 28 Wocjllen clothing fabrics . felt manufactures fabrics, N.E.S... . Wonn gut Worsted, manufa<;tures of. N.E.S. Wringers, clothes Writing slates % Xyolite I 14 Yams Yarn, braid 17 Taiitf N(,. 1,S2 4.30 421 431 M4!t •Jls :)02 S4'.t 21 1; 21 28 241 28 7()7 11 «51 28 28 28 24 24 24 4 4 24 24 24 24 24 23 23 15 15 15 15 15 15 23 15 15 31 26 703 78.-) 271 004 852 504 508 507 781 853 87t; 87ti 4!t5 51!t 854 515, 51 (i, 517 514 510, 511, 512 518 50!l 510 (181 .50i» 510 101 408 015 HIW 879 INDEX TO TARIFF AND IMPORTS. 558 Tariff No. Ahticlks. 20 182 22 430 22 421 22 1 43] 28 1 «4!1 28 «7.") 28 21,s 28 .")(»•_> 28 Mil 28 .Vi:{ 28 21(; 28 NoO 28 241 28 707 11 851 28 703 28 78-. 28 271 24 -.04 24 852 24 r)04 4 508 4 507 24 78] 24 853 21 87t; 24 87(i 24 4!»5 23 511) 23 i 854 15 515, 510, [ 517 15 ' 514 15 510, 511, 512 15 518 15 50! 1 15 1 510 23 081 15! 50i» 15 510 31 101 26 408 Yam, cotton, not coloured &c cotton, coloured, &c.. for manufac- tures hosiery, not coloin-ed coloured .... knitting, not coloured coloured . . . woollen, fingering, &c knitting. . . . worsted .... Yarns, wool or worsted .... Yeast cakes, 1 It., or over . . compressed i ' 1 1 Tariff I No. 17 127 17 128 : 17 ()3i» 17 127 17 128 '■ 17 127 17 128 15 50!> 15 501> 15 50!> 15 331 j 14 52() " 520 Articlem. S I Tariff C i No. O Yeast cakes, less than 1 Itj, ' Yellow metal Zinc, blocks chloride of colours manufactures, N.K.S pip • • • salts of sheets sulj.hate of tubing white 14 28 28 14 14 28 28 14 28 14 28 14 .521 855 85(i 522 041 .524 85(i 522 850 522 .523 347 14 015 21 17 89t) 879 w • lU'. 'f y I /! v.. DO p.*-t''i. Tr'.'f'' I •••i \ I , 1. even- the I reser of or if'* ,* '.'• •s if < ■ if., >v I. ." f n<. surv( |1 by ai I who Loca fee o At unde I liis \i he hs (1. stead mont on 01 need conti moni of he (2. with- mak< M' APPENDIX B. DOMINION LANDS REGULATIONS, REVISED TO JUNE 1800. 1. Under the Dominion Lands Regulations all surveyed (ven-nunibered sections, excepting 8 and 26, in Manitoba and tlie North-West Territories, which have not been homesteaded, reserved to provide wood lots for settlers or otherwise disposed of or reserved, are to be held exclusivelv for homesteads. 2. Homestead entry for one quarter-section (160 acres) of Conditions surveyed agricultural land, open to such entry, may be obtained stead by any person who is the sole head of a family, or by any male *^"**^" who has attained the age of 18 years, on application to the Local Agent of Dominion Lands, and on payment of an office foe of $10. At the time of making entry the homesteader must declare under which of the three following provisions he elects to hold Ills land, and on making application for patent must prove that lie has fulfilled the conditions named therein. (1.) The homesteader shall begin actual residence on his home- stead and cultivation of a reasonable portion thereof within six months from date of entry, unless entry shall have been made on or after the first day of September, in which case residence need not commence until the first daj of June following, and continue to live upon and cultivate the land for at least six months out of every twelve months for three years from date of homestead entry. (2.) The homesteader shall begin actual residence, as above, within a radius of two miles of his homestead, and continue to make his home within such radius for at least six months out \:4 Hi ■It v./ ■■rf . A' ■ , ' • • ►J ■,' <». a ■':.■•{■'- Lilt i? ■ ■ " ■ • ik**- ^*' • ; 111.. •«.■■■,'■' J»'l '. ', ! ',..1 il'Kll) Til ll-Mi!>si'; -J 566 APPENDIX U. of every twelve months for the three years next succcodinu- tlicl date of homestead entry ; and shall, within the first year tVniuf date of entry, hreak a!id prepare for erop ten aeres of his horn^ -I stead quarter-section ; and shall within the second year iioi. the said ten aeres, and hreak and prepare for crop fifteen aoivs additional — making twenty-five aeres ; and within the tliiidj year after the date of his homestead entry, he shall croj) tliol said twenty-five acres, and break and prepare for crop tit'tt cnf acres additional, so that within three years of the date of lii- homestead entry he shall have not less than twenty -five iurtsj cropped, and fifteen acres in addition broken and prepared lor crop, and shall have erected on the land a habitable house in I which he shall have lived during the three months next pre-j ceding his application for homestead patent. (3.) The homesteader shall perfect his homestead entry l»y| commencing the cultivation of the homestead within six months after the date of entry, or if tl entry was ohtaiiunl| on or after the first day of September in any year, before tlio first day of June following, shall, within the first year at'tor the date of his homestead entry, break and prepare for crop not less than five acres of his homestead; shall, within the I second year, crop the said five acres, and break and prepare for crop not less than ten acres in additioti, making not loss] than fifteen acres in all ; shall erect a habitable house upon his homestead before the expiration of the second year after his homestead entry, and before the commencement of the third year, shall hond fide reside therein, and cultivate the land for three years next prior to the date of his application for his patent. In the event of a homesteader desirino- to secure his patent within a shorter period than the three years provided by law, he will be permitted to purchase his homestead at the Government price at the time, on furnishing proof that he has resided on the land for at least twelve months from the date DOMINION LANDS REcJULATloNS. 557 itt'his perfecting his liomostead entry, and that ho Iuih hrouglit at least 30 acres thereof under cultivation. 3. The Government nuike no advances of money to Hottlers, iv.w.iM.f liiit for the l)ett('r o!icouragement of hond fiili' settUMuont, in er»"tiM" ciises where any iicrson or company is desirous of assisting in- t{j|!'^^J,„'i"' tt'n(]ing settlers, when the sanction of the Minister of the Interior to the advttnee has heen ohtained, the settler has lK)wer to create a cliarge upon his homestead for a sum not exceeding six hnndre«l dollars, and interest not exceeding fight per cent, ^ler annum, provided that particulars of how 8Uch an advance has heen expended for his henefit he first furnished to the settler and verified hy the local agoit, or if the charge he made previous to the advance, then such charge shall only operate to the extent cortitie s, 7 inehort inclusive, for fuel or foneini^, for their own use. In eawen where there is timbered land in the vicinity avail- able for the purpose, the homestead settler, whose laml is| without timber, may purehasi' a wood lot, luit exeeedinn' i. area twenty acres, at the price of #5 per acre rash. 6. Licenses or permits to cut timber on surveyed or iin- serveyed lands are granted after competition to the higlir>tj tenderer. Coal lands 7. The price per acre for coal lands is, for land containiiii: lignite or bituminous coal, $10. and for anthracite coal, .$20, or the land may be sold l>v public comi»etition. When two or more parties apply to purchase the same laiidj tenders will be iiivited. 8. Leases of grazing iauila in Manitoba and the North- WtM Territories and within Railway Belt in British Columbia may be granted only after public competition, except in the case of I an actual settler, to whom nmy be leased, without public com- petition, a tract of land not to exceed four sections, and to be in the vicinity of the settler's residence. Leases shall be lor a| period of not exceeding twenty-one years, and no single lease shall cover a greater area than 100,000 acres. The lessee is obliged, within each of the three years from the date of granting the lease, to place upon his lease-hold not less than one-third of tlie Avhole amount of the stock which he is required to place upon the tract leased, namely, one head of j cattle for every twenty acres of land embraced by the lease, and shall, during the rest of the term, maintain cattle thereon in that proportion. After placing the prescribed number ot cattle upon his lease- hold, the lessee may purchase land, within the tract leased, for a home, farm or corral. - Lea«eM of Bfiaziiig lands. DOMINION LAND UEUULATIONS. 569 the same latid Any portion ot the huuU t'ormiii^ ft ^rn/iiii; tract jiuthor- ized to be leased ftuhtjetiuent to the 12th .Taniuvry, 1880, luiU'HH otlierwise prov'uh'd in any U^ase tliereof, are open tor homestead and pre-em[tti()n and to pureliase tVuin (i'.vonnnent at the price obtaining' in tlie class in which the lands are situate; and in the event of such settlement or sale, the lease (if any) to be void in respect of such hinds so entered or pur- chased. 9. Any person may expldre vacant Dominion lands not Mining appropriated or reserved by Government for other purposes, and may searcli therein, either by surface or subterianean prospectinj^r, for mineral tleposits, witli a view to obtaining a mining k)cation for the same, but no mining location shall be granted until the discovery of the vein, lode or deposit of mineral or metal within the limits of the location or clainj. On discovering a mineral deposit, any person may obtain a mining location, upon marking out his location on the ground, in accordance with the regulations in that behalf, and tiling with the agent of Dominion lands for the district, within sixty days from discovery, an atHdavit in form prescribed by mining regulations, and paying at the same time an office fee of ^5, which will entitle the person so recording his claim to enter on the land and work it for one year. At any time before the expiration of five years from the date of recording his claim the claimant may, upon tiling ])roof with the local agent that he has expended in actual mining operations on the claim tlie amount prescribed in the mining regulations in that behalf, by paying to the local agent there- for the price per acre fixed b}' the regulations, and a further sum of $50 to cover the cost of survey, obtain a patent for said claim, as provided in the said mining regulations. r ViV ••1." 1 r 'ff: ^./ I, * « / '- ^ ¥' ' . • INDEX. , Paragraphs. (All numbers inclusive, ) ACADIA College, Wolf ville, Nova Scotia 648 Accident Insurance 81.S Accidents on Railways in Canada ... 541 *,o 544 Administration of Public Affairs 64 Alberta, Shipment of Cattle from 379 Allegiance, Oath of 61 Apatite. (Set Phosphate.) Archives 707, 708 Area of British Possessions • 120 do Canada 1, 113 to 117 do Europe 114 do Foreign Countries 121 do of the Provinces 117 do the World 122 Asbestos 461, 462 Assets. (.S'ee Public Debt. ) Asylums in Canada 691, 692, 693 Atrophy and Debility, Deaths from 102 Australasian Meat, Exports of 380 HANK Acts and Principal Provisions of 713, 714 Banks, Assets of, 1888-1889 716 do Deposits in 716 do do Total in 722 «lo Failures of, Since Confederation 730 do Interest, Rate of 718 do Liabilities 716 do Number of 715 do Particulars of, 1868-1889 ." 719 do Proportion of Assets and Liabilities 716, 717 do Reserve Fund 721 do Savings. (See Savings Banks.) «lo Stocks, Prices of 723 Barley 364, 365 Beer, Consumption of, in Canada and Foreign Countries 253, 254, 255 Bishops College, Lennoxville 648 Boundaries of Canada 1 Breadstuffs, Imports and Exports of 1868-1889 352, 353 British Columbia, Physical Features of 14 do Railway Belt, Land Regulations 757 British Possessions, Area of 120 do Excess of Imports and Exports in 284 do Exports from, to United Kingdom 291 do Exports to, from United Kingdom 292 do Imports from, into United Kingdom 291 do Imports of, 1887-1888 289,290 do Imports and Exports of 281 to 284 do List of 79 do Population in 120 86 562 INDEX. Wf-r 1*'" ■.li '. 1 i' * * ii-'' ••'■* ■ »:•;■. . ' ' "*.' ffi ■''■'■ •. , '" • IT •' l'^'"' ■'■ ( p; ■' ■ ' ' V l;jjV' • ^ , iff'' ■ '■ III/-' ■ • p.: Pakaguaphs. British Possessions, Public Debt in 208 to 21 1 do Revenue and Expenditure in 104, 1(5.") do Shipping in 331 do Taxation in 1 S 1 do Trade of, with United Kingdom 2}>3 do Trade of, with United States 28!S Building Societies, 1888 739, 740 Business Failures, 1889 726 to 729 Burlington Bay Canal 589 Butter 385 to 389 CABINET Ministers 74 Canada, Area of 1, 1 13 to 1 17 do Boundaries of 1 do Climate of 15, 16, 17 do Constitution of 40 do Discovery of 38 do Events in History of 39 do (Governors General of 69 do Gulfs and Bays of 8 do Islands of 9 do Lakes of 4, 5 and 580 do Latitudes and Elevations of Principal Places in 18 do Mountains of 8 do Manufacturing Industries of 33 do Minerals of 25 do Natural Industries of 26 do Origin of Name of 2 do Parliament of 43 to 52 do Physical Features of 3, 10 to 14 «lo Privy Council of 41 do Rainfall in 19, 20, 21 «lo Rivers of 7 do Temperature of 19, 20, 21 Canada Agricultural Coal and Colonization Company 752 Canada Temperance Act 697, 698 Canals, Burlington Bay 589 do Chambly 588 do Depth of 585 do Expenditure on 593 do do 1885-1889 597 do Murray 592 do Ottawa and Rideau 587 do Revenue from 594, 595 do St. Lawrence System 578 to 58(5 do St. Peter's 590 do Sault Ste. Marie 582, 583 do Suez, Traffic throucrh 583 do Traffic through, lt!,64-1888 594 to 597 do Trent River System 591 Cape Race Lighthouse 475 Capital Account 155, 157 Cape Breton Railway. (See Government Railwaya.) Cattle, Export* of ! 369 to 379 do Imports of 3(56, 367, 3(58 do do into United Kingdom 376, 377 INDEX. 563 Paragraphs. 208 to 21 1 1(>4, K).') :wi ISl 2!);i 28cS 739, 740 726 to 729 589 385 to 389 74 1, 113 to 117 1 15, 16, 17 4(» 38 39 69 8 9 4, 5 and 58(» 18 8 33 25 26 2 43 to 52 3, 10 to 14 41 19, 20, 211 19, 20, 21 752 697, 698 589 588 585 593 597 592 587 594, 595 578 to 58(5 590 582, 583 583 594 to 597 591 475 155, 157 369 to 379 366, 367, 34)8 376, 377 Paragraphs. Census, 1871 and 1881 82 do North- West 1885 83 do of Manitoba, 1886 83 Chambly Canal 588 Charitable Institutions 693, 694, 695 Cheese Chignecto Marine Transport Railway Children, Deaths of Cigars, Consumption of Cities, Progress of Principal Clearing House, Montreal do London and Manchester. . . Climate of Canada Coal Districts, North-West Territories Exports of Imports of of British Columbia Production of, in Canada do the World Coins in Circulation in Canada Commons, House of Commons, House of, Names of Members of . Constitution of Canada Consolidated Fund Cojtper do Kxports of Copyrights Cotton Mills in (^anada County (iaols, Prisoners in Criminal Statistics tlo do do do do do do do do do do do do do do do do .do do do do do do do do do Ages of Convicted Birth Places of Convicted Commitments in England Convictions for Drunkenness Convictions, Number of, 1884-1888 (^onvictions by Provinces. 685, 686, 689 390, 391 576 99 252 93, 94 724 725 15, 16, 17 409 to 417 410 414, 415 416 415 412, 413 417 710,711 50 to 62 76 40 141 432 to 436 434 70<» 34 690 663, 664 673, 674 677 684 687, 688 665 to 669 Convict Population of Canada 654 County ( iaols. Prisoners in 690 PMucational Status of Convicted 674 Females, Convictions of 671 Indictable Offences, Convictions for 670 ta 673 More than once Convicted 667 Occupations of Convicted 678, 679 Penitentiaries. (Sae Penitentiaries). Persons executed, 1867-1888 681 Religions of Convicted 675, 676 Resilience of do 670 Sentences passed, 1887-1888 680 Sex of 670 Sunnnary Convictions 682, 683 Crops iu Ontario 345, 346, 347 do Manitoba 348, 349 do Quebec 350 ilo Maritime Provinces 350 Currency, Canadian 709 36J :■'■ V '» It*. . r' 't r'' V ■^ i' r- ..'' !' (:> f 564 INDEX. Paka«raphs. Currency, Paper "12 Custoina Duties per Head 171, 175 «lo Revenue, Collection of 173 do Valuations 226 do Duties, Amount of 171 to 17B DEAD Letters, Nund)er of 321, 32'2 Deaths from Diphtheria 134 {See also Revenue and Expenditure.) FAILURES. Business, 1889 726 to 729 Farms, Experimental 400, 401 Fiscal Year, The 139 Fisli, quantities of principal kinds of 520, 521 do Value of since 18()8 518, 519, 520 do do by Provinces 520 Fishing Bounties 515 Fish Hatclieries .... 516 Fishery Laws 521 Fisheiies Protection Service 513 Fisheries, Value of, 1888 and 1889 507, 508, 509 do do by Province?., 1888 and 1889 507 Fishing Vessels, &c., No. of 510, 512 Food, Imports of, into United Kingdom 395 Foreign Countries, Area of 121 do Customs Duties per head in 175 do Imi)orts and Exports of 285, 286, 287 do i'opulation of 121 do Public debt in 212, 213 do Revenue and Expenditure in 1(56 do Taxation in 182, 183 Foreign (Xirrency, Conversion of 140 Fur, Reserves, North- \Ve.st Territories 12, 755 do Trade , 13 566 INDEX. *.•: -, V PARAfillAPHS. GRATUITIES, Militia 773 do Otlier 22(» (!oia 418 to 42:i do Coins in Canada 7 10, 7 1 1 do Production in Canada 4'21 do do the World 42*2, 423 Government Lines of Railway. (Set also Railways). do Cape Breton Railway o73 do l)igl)y and Annapolis Railway 574 do Eastern Extension Railway 570 do Expenditure on 560 to 562 do Harvey and Salisbuiy Railway 575 do Intercolonial Railway 563 to 567 do O.xford Branch Railway 572 do Prince Edwar Horse Breeding 397 Hospitals, Marine 480, 481 House of Commons 50, 51 , 52 House of Commons, Mendjers of 76 Hudson's Bay Co. , Fur Trade 13 ILLEGITIMATE Children, Deaths of 127 Immigrants, Money and Effects of . 106 do Nationalities of 99 do Trades of 107 Immigration, 1889 95 to 111 do Assisted Passages 98 do Children brought out 101 do Customs Arrivals 100 do Cost of Settlers per head 1 10 do Expenditure 109 do Female Help, Demand for 108 do Into Ontario 103 do Returns, Uncertainty of 104, 105 do Settlers in Canada 96, 97 Imports, 1887, 1888, 1889, Summary of 239, 240 do by Countries, 1888-1889 271, 272 do Duty Collected on 235 do Entered for Consumption, 1868-1887 274-275 do do do by Provinces 241 to 244 do do do 1870-1878,1888 245 do do do 1888-1889 273 do Excess of 231 do into British Possessions, 1887-1888 289, 290 do into Uniterl Kingdom from British Possessions 291 do of Crude Articles into Canada 256 do of Manufactured do 256 INDEX. 567 Pakaghaphs. 773 2*20 418 to 423 710, 7H 421 422, 423 -)73 r)74 570 mo to o«2 r>7r) iiOS to 5(>7 572 571 5(){) 70 40, 41, 42 ()!) 813 478, 47!) 585 78 368, 3(«), 3!)(1 397 480, 481 50, 51, 52 7(i 13 127 ]()() 99 107 95 to 111 98 101 KM) 110 109 108 103 104, 105 96, 97 239, 240 271, 272 235 274-275 241 to 244 245 273 231 289, 2J)0 291 256 250 PaHA(JKA1'H.S. Imports of Meat into Unitt'd Kingdoii) 380, 395 ilo of Stock ilo 366, 367, 368 do of Wheat do 1888 362 do and Exports, 1868-1889 229, 230, 231 tlo do 1 888- 1 889, Table of 227, 228 do do of each Port, 1889 295 do do 1889 267 to 270 do do (.'anadian and American Trade compared . 238 do do Decrease in Value and Increase in Quantity 232 do do ('lassification of 227 do do per Head, 1868-1889 :. 235 do do of British Possessions 281 to 284 do do f>f Farm Produce 393, 394 do do of Foreign Countries 285, 286, 287 do do of Wheat and other Breadstuffs, 1867-1889 352,353 do do Prices ol, 1873, 1888 233 do do with (ireat Britain and United States. . . . 266 Indians, Number of 90 do Particulars of 86 to 92 Industries, Manufactiu'ing, of Canada 33 to 37 do Natural, of Canada 26 Inland Marine Insurance 792, 794 Insane Asylums 691 , 692, 693 Insurance, Accident 813 do Deposits with Government 816 do Guarantee 1 83 do Fire, American Coujpanies, Business done by 788 do do Amount of Risks, 1869-1888 795 do do British Companies, Business done by 787 do do Business done, 1 888 786 do do Canadian Companies, Business done by 789 do do Losses paid, 1 887 783 do do do 1869-1888 784,785 do do Number of Companies 782 do do Preminms received, 1888 783 do do do 1869-1888 784,785 do do Proportion of Payments to Receipts by British and American ("ompanies 790 do do Proportion of Payments to Receipts by Cana- dian Companies 791 do Inland Marine 792, 794 do Life, Amount of risk, 1869-1888 801 do do do effected, 1875-1888 802 do do do do 1869-1888 798 do do Assessment Companies 811 do do Assurance Companies in (ireat Britain 812 do do Average Amount of Policy, 1888 803 do do Business done, 1888 797 do do do of Canadian Companies 808 do ilo Death rate 804 do do Insurance terminated 805 do do Expenditure, 1887-1888 807 do do Financial position of Companies 808 do do Increase in Business 799 do do Number of Companies., 796 do do Payments to Policyholders 807 I l;< i* I'A. ■:.it m':'. !'.!,i>y 568 INDEX. PAKA(iUAFHs. Insurance, Life, Premium Income SOU do do Receipts, 1887-1888 8(M» do Number of Companies of all kincls 81.") do Ocean Marine 703, 71)4 do Plate Olass 814 do Total Receipts 817 Interest on Public Debt per Head 2(>4, 'iO,) Intercolonial Railway. (.SVe (Government Railways). Investments !,")(> Iron and Steel 424 to 4.S1 do Consumption of, in Canada 4'20 do Furnaces in blast 427 do Imports of 42S do Production of, in Canada 424, 42."! do Ore, Export of 42<) do World's Prrxluction of 430, 431 Islands of Canada !) JUIKJES, Appointment of (i4!» KIN(iS COLLEGE, Windsor, N.S (i4.s Knox College, Toronto G4S LAKES of Canada -)80 Latitudes of principal places IS Laval University (i48 Leather industry 37 Legislatures, Provincial Go, 60, 77 Letters. (Sec Post Office. ) Lieutenanii-Oovernors, Names of 77 Lighthouses, &c., Number of 466, 467, 4(58 Loan Companies, Dividends and Prices of Stock 723 do Statements of, 1888 739,740 Lung Diseases, Deaths from 133 Luniljering in Canada 27 to 31 MACKENZIE BASIN 12 and 7o.-) Manitoba, Crops in 348, 340 do Progress of 39!) do University of 648 Malt, Manufacture of 249 Marine Divisions — do Ontario 469 do Quebec 470 do Nova Scotia 47 1 do New Brunswick • 472 do P. E. Island 473 do British Columbia 474 Marine Expenditure 489 do Hospitals 480, 481 Masters and Mates. Examination of 483, 484 Mc(;ill University (»4H Meat, Consumption of, in London 38 1 Meat, Shipment of, from Australia 380 Mend)ers, Proportion of, to Population at Meteorological Information 18 to 24 Military College 768 INDEX. 569 l*AKA(fUAFHs. H(M) 8(M» HI.-) 793, 704 HI4 817 2()4, 20.) !.")() 424 to 4.S1 42!» 427 428 424, 42') 424!) 048 048 r)80 18 (i48 37 Oo, 66, 77 406, 467, 4<)8 723 739, 740 133 27 to 31 12 and 7.'>.-) 348, .349 399 048 249 469 470 471 472 473 474 489 480, 481 483, 484 (>48 381 380 r^i 18 to 24 708 PaHAOKAI'Hm. Militia Act 701 do Active and Reserve 704 do Coniniand-in-Chief of 701 do Kurly History 7.'>9, 7(«) do Kxpenditnre 770 and 402 do Exports and Imports of 407, 408 do List of (\inadian 402 do Production of, in Canada, 1888 406 Mining Locations, North- \N est Territory Appendix B Ministers, Cabinet, since 18()7 74 Model Museum 705 Money Bills in Parliament 62 Money Order P.O. System and Transactions 323 to .329 Mountains of (^mada 6 Mount Allison University 648 Mounted Police, particulars of 774 to 781 Murray Canal 592 NATURALIZATION 68 New Brunswick University 648 Newfoundland, particulars of 119 Newspapers, &c. (Src Post Office. ) xv'^ickel 463 North-West Territory, physical features 11 OATH of Allegiance .61 Ocean Mail Service 330 to 3.33 Ontario, Crops in .345, 346, 347 Ottawa Canal System 587 do College 648 PAPER and pulp mills in Canada 36 Paper Currency 712 Parliament, Authority of 63 do Buildings, Cost of 197 44 1 do ill Kiirniaii 447 do ill North- West Territories 443 do ill Russia 44'), 440 do in United States 444 do Production of Canadian 438, 431) Pliosuhate 4.V) to 46() Plithisis, Deatlia from 133 I'liysical Features of Canada 3, 10 to 14 Pigs, Importation of 3«H, 3(17, 3«8 Plate (ilass Insuraiice 814 Police, Harbour 478, 479 ilo Mounted, I'articulars of 774 to 781 P( Illation, Density of 118 lo Estimate of 84, 8") lo ill British Possessions 120 do in Foreign Countries 121 do of the World 122 Pork, Exports of 384 Post Office Act, 18(58 2}>7 do Agreements with United States 298 and 303 do Cost of Transmission of Mails, 18(i8-188i> 314 do Dead Letters, Number of 321, 322 do Excess of Expenditure 312 do Free Delivery of Letters 31H «lo Letters in Principal Countries 334 do Money Order System and Transactions 323 to 329 do Number of Letters 304, 305 do do do by Provinces 3(K>, 310 do do Newspapers, liooks, &c 30H, 307 do do Stamps issued 313 do Ocean Mail Service 330, 331 , 332, 333 do Operations, 1867-1889 314, 315 do Postage Stamps, Revenue from 313 do Proportion of Offices to Area 308 do Registered Letters, Number of 319, 320 do Revenue and Expenditure, 1868-1889 31 1, 312 do do do by Provinces 317,318 do Savings Banks. (Sen Saving Banks. ) do Transfer to Colonial Authorities 296 Postal Union, Admission of Canada to 300 do The 299 to 302 Presbyterian College, Halifax 648 do Montreal 648 Prices, Average since 1880 234 Prices of 1873 and 1888 compared S!33 Prince Edward Island, Communication with 477 do Railway. (ns. (i.-»8 ma 222 223 ilil to 447 440 442 , 441 447 443 44.-) , 440 444 438 , 4.3{) ■i'M to 4(50 133 H, 10 to 14 Sm, 3(17 3H8 814 47S 479 774 t( >78l 118 84, S.-) 120 121 122 384 297 298 and 303 314 .321 322 312 31(j 334 323 t( 32J) 304, m') 3(«», 310 30«, 307 313 m, 332, 333 314, 31. -> 313 308 319, 320 311, 312 317, 318 296 300 299 to .302 ()48 648 2.34 i;33 477 39 I'AltAliKAI'IIH. Privileues of I'arlianiunt (10 I'rivy Council, Members of 70 f, into United King, 201 , 202 do do per Hend 204, 20.') do Loans since (\»nfederation 207 do Net 18') do ()))ject8 of 189, 2(H5 do of Foreign Countries 212, 213 do Per Head 2(»4, 20.') do Proportion to Revenue 188 do Provincial 214 do Rate of Interest 2(M), 201, 202 Public Works, Kxpenditure on 194 to 196 QUKKN'S College, Kingston 648 RAILWAYS, Accidents on 541 to .')-)4 do Actual and Theoretical Cost .')38, r)39 do Articles of Freight carried 5M to ").36 i'tioti of K\|ifim«H to Ri-ceiptH Bm «lo do Ht>vt!mie to CoHt ASS 7 tlo RucoiptH per Mile rt47, •">*« ,'< I do • ill the World iVti) do Rolling Stock "mO, '»") I , .Vt'i do StatinticH, ISSH-M}> 528, r»V«>, .-.MO do do I87.'»-M» .V2H, .VJ7 do SulmidioH to I")2, 1 ").S, 154, l.".7 do (loverniueiit (nee also (Joverntnunt RailwayH) Tirtl) to 577 Rainfall, 1889 21 do 188H JU RanchcH, Niunher of 3»8 RegiHtered Toiniauu of tlio World 5<)4, 505 ReKidivtionH, Dominion Landa ApjHjndix H. ReligionH in U.S (502 ReligioUH StatiHtics 51>8 to (MM Revenue and Kxpenditiire, 1889 14H, 144 do do 18(18-1889 145,14(1 do do 1889, Kstiniated 158 do do 1808-1889. Head h of 100 do do in liritisli I'os^teHHions 104, 105 do do 1889, Increase 146 do do in Foreign (Countries 166 «lo do of Marine Department 489 to 492 do do of Provinces, 1888 lOS do do per Head, 1808-1889 101, 102 e 44 to 4# «lo Nanit'M of Mendiei'H of 7o Settlers, Cost of, uvv head 1 10 do Ktf'fctH, Valne of KHJ Slieep, KxportH ..f. 'MW, 'M'A, 874, :<77, 'AHO do lnip< '-'v I ion ot ;<()H t(» 'MM do IhiTM) 1 ... I 'n , ' Inited Kingdom .'{7 Short Line, 'i ju .Vis mUi'V 4-)i>, 4:>.S, 4:)4 ill' Coin, Profit on l.')9 do ('oin in Cmiada 7I<>, 71 1 do OfH, Kx ports of 4.'»H er of 4S2 Steamers, ( J<»venunent . .' 47(1, 477 Still-lMjin, Number of (liildren I2S Stocks, Principal, Dividends and Prices of 723 Storm Signal Sei-vice 22, 23 do Warnings 22, 23 Subsidies to Provinces I.'tl do to Railways 1 ')2 to ir)4 Suez Canal, Ti-atHc througii ,')S3 Sugar, C(m8umpti(m of ISO Suicide, Deaths from 129 Superannuation 21 ."» to 221 Superior Courts (i,">2 Supreme Coiivt e'lO lAXATION, Amount derived from, ISSO 167, 1«8 do do 1SH8-1SSJ) im)tol79 do by Custonix Duties 171 to 176 do by Excise Duties 171, 176, 177, 178 do Heads of, 1S67 1HW> 176 do in British Possessions 181 do in Foreign (^)untrie.- 182, 183 do Receipts frcmi, per Head, 1867-1889 169, 171 674 INDEX. Tea, Consumption of Telegraphs in Canada do in Principal Countries do Lines, (rovernment Telephones in Canada Temperature, 1889 do 1886 Territories, The, Voting in do Ranches in Timber, Licenses to Cut or Purchase, North- West Territories. Tobacco, Consumption of do Manufactui'e of do Consumpticm of Canadian do Duty on Tonnag ; Registered, of the \\'oi 1 l^oronto University Trade, Canail <\ and United States, compared do Distribution of, of United Kingdo)n, 1840-1888 Marks of British Possessions with United Kingdom Total, of Hritish Possessions with United Kingdom and United States, compared. . with United States 1889 Trent River Canals Trinity College, Toronto Typhoid Fever do Deaths from do do do do do Pahaghaphs. 180 •M'2 340, :u\ S.S.') to 3.S9 343 19 to '21 19, 20 3!»8 Appendix li. •_>:.:{ 2-)0, -i.-)! 201 . 177 604 648 238 294 70(5 289 to 293 283 266 269 691 648 135, 136 135, 136 te;:' •■'! UNITED Kingdom, Customs Duties per Head in do Distriljution of Trade of, 1840-1888 do Kmigration from Ill, do Exports from, to Hritish Possessions do Exports to, fnmi do do Lnports into do do Imports of Butter do do Food into do do Wheat into 362 do Trade of, with her Possessions 293 do Trade f)f Canada with 266 United States Mackerel Fleet 514 do Trade of (\inada with 266, 269, 393 do do with British Possessions 288 175 294 112 292 289 289 388 %c. \Li:^-'<'. 232, 233 233 94 496 504, 505 do Registered in Canada 493, 494, 495 VALUES, Decrease in do in United Kingdom . . . Vancouver, Progress of Vessels, New, Number of, built do Number of, in Principal Countries. do Wooden, Decrease in demand for. Victoria University, Cobourg Vital Statistics Voters, Disqualified do Number of, on Lis^t do at Provincial Elections dp Qualification of 497 648 123 to 128 57 68 67 53 to 57