IMAGE EVALUATION TEST TARGET (MT-3) A {./ ^ k ■^,% 'IH-Vt\ MlMSTEIl or «I>i;cATIl)W PRINTED FOR THE KDUCATION DEPARTMKNT Bv W.uw.cK & Sons, 08 .s-,, 70 Fko.vt .s,,.ket, W,-.t 1893. ¥ im LSi) fy<\\\ / ■J CONTENTS. The KducAtional HyHteni nf Ontario— ■■.m;K. lU Origin- ItH Unity I Ita Relations— Municii)alitieB—('hnrchw«—l*ari'nt«. . H CompiiUory Kdiication H Sep-tratinn from Municipal and Party Politica 8 The Education 1 )ipartnient 10 Kkinentary ScIumiU— I. KindergartfnH 12 II. I'nbliu HcIiooIh — DiitieH of I'lipilM and TcachcrM— C<>urgeii 43 DutieH of Examiners -Asaociate KxaminerH , 45 Examination PaptTH- Primary -Leaving 46 DutieH of Presiding ExaminerH— Candidaten 48 Ap|M'als— SiK'cialiHt*' Ortiticaten 60 University Eeciali/.ation of Function ! 74 Ins|)ection of High .Sch(M>U 7B Regulations 77 List of Inspectors 80 L'niform Text-books —Regulationn 88 List of Text-lwoks 85 Mechanics' InHtitutes and Art Scliools 87 Free Libraries— Regulati'ms— .Statistics 88 Progress of Education 02 llpi)er Canada College— Staff 94 The Provincial University— Function.* 9(; The Huildings 97 Organization— Faculties . . . 98 University Federation— .Matriculation 100 Regulations— Scholarships— Fees 101 Statistics— Officers— Staff 104 The .School of Practical Science 106 Ontario Agricultural College 107 Schools for Special Classes— Deaf and Dumb— Blind 108 Industrial Schools 109 Professional Schoi-'ls Ill Results of our Educational System 113 PROVINCE OF ONTARIO, LIEUTENANT-aOVERNOR : THK HON. UKOROK AIKKY KIRKPATRICK. LL.IX, Q.C. COMMITTKE OF COUNCfL ON KDUCATION ; Tlio Hon. Sir Umvkr Mowat, Knt., Gko. W Ro88, LLD., C. F. Fkahkr, (}0., A. 8. Hardv, Q.O., " J. M. Gibson, M.A., LLB., R. Hahcourt, M.A., Q C, J. Drvdkn, *' £. H. Bronhon, Premier and Attorney-Ueneral. Minister of Education. Commiuioner of Public Works. " Crown Lands. Provincial Secretary. " Treasurer. Minister of Agriculture, (without Portfolio.) OFFICIAL STAFF. .FoHN M11.1.AH. B.A., FllAN«'l8 /. TAVI.OR, IIknhy R. Ai.i.kv, J. T. R. 8TIN80N, H. M. WiLKiNmtN, A. C. Pauli,, F. N. NiiOKL, W. W. .Iki'kkks, KsTKN Wll.UAMS, .F. ifi. G. 5 o H o Q s EDUCATIONAL SYSTEM OF ONTARIO. ITS ORir.lN. From the earliest settU'innnt of Ontario, scliools were oslaMislicd. as the wants of the inliabitants rciiuireO. Tlie fiOfriHlature Hoon rec()<,mi/e»l tlie iioetls of the country, and iniule ols ia limited to a few suljects of tlio most practical character, the three " R's " receiv- ing special prominence. Moreover the curriculum of the High Schools in the lower lorms puts stress upon English, Arithmetic, Geography, History, Elementary Science, Book-keeping, Drawing, Reading and Physical Education. The principles of our sy.stem of national education favor no class or sect. " The rich and the poor meet together." Private schools have been successful only in rare instances. The High School has been called the " poor man's college," on account of the general desire in the community to exact low fees from students and in many instances to charge no fee.s. The highest distinctions in the Uni- versity are most frequently gained by the sons — and daughters too — of working men. No part of the system can do without the others. To the High Schools the Public Schools are indebted for their efficient army of well edv.cated teachers. In like manner the University furnishes in the persons of its graduates the well- trained principals and assistants of our High Schools and Collegiate Institute.s. The secondary schools in turn supply the University with hundreised may be taken from the book of selections adopted by the Department for that purpose, or from the Bible, as the Trustees, by resolution, may dii-ect. (3) Trustees may also order the readin<^ of the Bible or the authorized Scripture Selections by botli pupils and teachers at the opening and the closing of the school, and the repeating of the Ten Oommandmenls at least once a week. (4) No pupil shall be rccpiired to take part in any religious exercise objected to by his parents or "juardians, and in order to the observance of this regulation, the teacher, before com- mencing a religious exercise, is to allow a short interval to elapse, during which the children of Roman Catholics, and of others who have signified their objection, may retire. (5) If in virtue of the right to be absent from the religious exercises, any pupil does not enter the school room till fifteen minutes after the ]>roper time fm- opening the school in the forenoon, such absence shall not bo treated as an offence against the rules ol the school. (fi) When a teacher claims to have conscientious scruples in regard to opening or closing the school as herein ])re8cribed, he shall notify the Tru.stees to that effect in writing ; and it shall be the duty of the Trustees to make such provision in the premises *.: 'hey may deem expedient. (7) The clergy of any denomination, or their authorized representatives, shall have the right to give relijAious instruction to the pupils of their own church, in each schotd house, at least onci! a week, iifti'r the hour of closing the school in the afternoon ; and if the clergy of more than one dcMomination apply to give religious instruction in the same school house, t)ie Board of 'J'rustees shall decide cm what day of the w eek the school house shall be at the disposal of the clirgymeii of each denomination, at the time above stated. But it shall be lawful for the Board of Trustees and clergymen of any denomination to agree >ipon any hour of the dav at which a clerLtyman, or his authorized representative, may give religious instruction to the pupils of his own church, provided it be not during the regular hours of the school. Emblems of a denominational character shall not bo exhibited in a Public School during regular school hours. U' 1 1 O w ■< H H H » ;<; o a: I ii'lli'lJIi' ,,, }!if -III' liillliltlll i J ^'Hillii lillilw^ 7 "■ lllliiiii'Milil'^ ,:., il^ill :ll .||^ll,|.,i n I'.iWit The Imperial statute, called the British North America Act, which united the provinces forming the Dominion of Canada, guaranteed certain educational privileges to the Roman Catholic citizens of Ontario. The Separate Schools Act, as it is termed, enables Protestants, as well as Roman Catholics, to establish, under certain conditions, schools for themselves. In these schools, in addition to the ordinary course of study for Public Schools, religious exercises arc taken up under the direction of the trustees. The Education Department has not the same authority under the statute over Roman Catholic Separate Schools as it has over the Public Schools. Yet in the main features, such as the qualification of teachers, excepting those in religious orders, the selection of text-books, ex- cept those required for religious exercises, the authority of the Department may be said to be the same. There is no provision in the constitution allowing the establishment of Separate High Schools, and any private or denominational in- stitutions of this kind which have been established receive no Legislative aid, nor are their supporters exempted from taxation for the national schools. The Roman Catholics have shown as little disposition as the Protestants to establish denominational schools fgr secondary education, and the verdict of all classes appears to be that religious convictions are not interfered with, and that Christian principles are strengthened by attendance at the High Schools and Collegiate Institutes. A few church schools have been opened for boys and several ladies' colleges have been established by different denominations. The course of study in these institutions is, in many respects, similar to that in the High Schools, and the students frequently write at the same University and Departmental examin- ations. The Provincial University is also non-denominational. All the churches are well represented among its alumni. The arts course has been taken up by Epis- copalian, Presbyterian, Methodist, Baptist and Roman Catholic candidates for the ministry before attending the theological colleges of their respective denomina- tions. No religious tests are required of the professors, who in fact represent different denominations, and in many instances have identified themselves with the work of the different churches. An important adjunct of the University is a flourishing Young Men's Christian Association, which has been ^f much service as a reliijious and moral bond of union among the students. The wishes of those who prefer attendance at a denominational University are well met by the several institutions of the kind that have been established, viz. : — Ottawa University (Roman Catholic), Queen's University (;.'resbyterian). Trinity (Episcopalian), the Western University (Episcopalian), Victoria University (Methodist), now federated with Toronto, and McMaster University (B ipbist). These are sustained by private endowments or grants made by religious bodies. No financial assistance is given them by the state. The course of study is, as a lule, the same as in the provincial University and University College, except 6 that some options of a denominational character are allowed. They have all accepted a uniform matriculation examination held by the Education Depart- ment and Toronto University. No religious tests are required, and the degrees- have the same legal value as those given by the Provincial University. ITS RELATIONS TO PARENTS- CATION. -COMPULSORY EDU- It is assumed that the parent, as well as the state, has duties to perform re- garding education. The parent is not denied the right to have his children edu- cated at a private .school, a church school or college, or a denominational uni- versity, but if he so decides he is not thereby relieved of his duty in the way of paying his share towards the support of the institutions sustained, or partly sustained, by the state. It is held to be the duty of the state to provide free elementary schools. To allow children to grow up in ignorance is detrimental to the interests of the community. All persons are taxed to support education, because its general ditfusion is for the public good. It is held that compulsory education is a necessary corollary of free education. If the state gives the boon of free schools to all, it has a right to see that the expected advantages are realized. On this principle the Truancy and Compulsory Education Act of 1891 was passed. This statute combines the best features of the laws of Great Britain on the subject, as well a- those of the principal tates of the American Union. By this Act all children between the ages of eight and fourteen are obliged to attend school for the full term during which the school is open, and parents or guardians who fail to send their children, are subject to p*»nf»lties. The rights of conscience are sufficiently guarded. Penalties are not in- flicted if the child is under efficient instruction at home, or unable to attend through sickness or other unavoidable cause, or is excused by a justice of the peace, or by the principal of the school, or if he has passed the High School entrance examination. Any person employing a child under fourteen years of age during school hours is liable to a penally of twenty dollars. When the services of a child are deemed urgent, an absence from school for six weeks of the term may be granted. Provision is made for sending a child who is vicious or immoral to an Industrial School. To nip truancy in the bud is regarded as the most elective means of preventing a recourse to the penalties of the Act. Truant officers must be appointed for every city, town and incorporated village, and may be appointed for every school section. These officers are vested with police powers, and have authority to enter factories, workshops, stores and other places where children may be employed, and ascertain whether there is any violation of the Act. Regulations may be made by the local authorities for the better en- forcement of the statute. The truant officers must report annually to the Edu- cation Department according to prescribed forms. The following are some other provisions of the Act : — It shall bo the duty of truant officers to examine into all cases of truancy when any such come before thtiirnotice, or when requcstel to do »o by the in8i)ector of scho )ls, or by any school trustee, or by any ratepayer, and to warn such truants, their parents or k'uardiauB, in writing, of the consequences of truancy if persisted in ; and also to notify the piront, guardian, or other person bavins; the charge or con'rol of any child between eight and fourteen years of ago, when such child is not attending school as required by this Act, and to require such parent, guardian or other person to cause the child to attend Home school within live days from said notice. If the parent, guardian or other person having the legal charge or control of anychild, sliall neglect, or refuse to cause such cliild to attend some school after being notitied as heroin re- quired (unless such child has been excused from such attendance as provided by this Act), the truant offi .-or shall make, or cause to bo made, a complaint against such parent, guardian or other person, before any police magistrate or justice of the peace having jurisdiction in the muni- cipality in which the offence occurred, and upon conviction of such refusal or neglect, such parent, guardian, or other person, sliall be liable to a tine of not lcs4 than tive dollars, nor more than twenty dollars, or the court niay, in its discretion recjuire persons so convicted to give bonds in the penal sum of one hundred dollars, with one or more sureties to be approved by said court, conditi f any child, or against any corporation, or against any child violating any of the pro- visions of this Act. No complaint shall be entertained for any violation of this Act, unless it appears to the* satisfaction of the court that the alleged offender was duly warned in writing of the consequence of his oflence by the truant ofticer. The assessors of every municipality shall annually, when making their assessment, enter in a book, to be provided by the clerk of the municipality, in the Form A, in the schedule of this Act, the name, age and residence of every child between the age of eight and fourteen years, resident in the municipality, and the name and residence of sucii child's parent or guardian, and return the said book to the clerk of the municipality with the assessment roll ior the use of the truant officer. It shall be the duty of the trustees of every school to report to the truant officer of the municipality in which their school is situated, the name, age and residence of all pujiils on the school register, who have not attended school as required by this Act, together with such other information as said officer may refjuire, for carrying out the provisions of this Act. Such re- ports shall be made in the last week of June and December in each year ; and it shall be the further duty of the trustees to report forthwith to the truant officer all cases of truancy or ex- pulsion in their respective schools. When any of the provisions of this Act are violated by a corporation, proceedings may be had against any of the officers or agents of the corporation, who in any way participate in such violation, by the corporation of which they are the officers or agents, and such ofliceis or agents shall be subject to the same penalties as indiviurposes of this Act may be given by delivering the same to or at ths residence of the person to whom it is to be given, or in the case of a company or corporation by delivering the same, or a true ropy thereof, to any agent or person einpl lyed by such company or corporation ; it may also be given by post by a prepaid letter, and if given by post shall be deemed to have been given and received respectively at the time when the letter containing the same would be de- livered in the ordinary course of post, and in proving such sending, it shall be sullieient to prove that it was properly addressed and put into the post ; and where it is required to bo sent to any company or corporation it shall be deemed to be properly addressed if addressed to any othce or agency of such company or corporation, with the addition of the proper postal address. Any person or officer mentioned in this Act, and designated as having certiiin duties to per- form in the enforcement of any of its provisions, neglecting to perform any such duties, shall be liable to a fine of not less than $25 nor more than $50 for each and every offence. All prosecntioi.s under this Act may be brought and heard before .iny of Her Majesty's justices of tho peace in and for the county wliere the penalty was incurred, or the offence was committed or wrong done, and in cities and towns, in which there is a police magistrate, before 8 Buch police maiiistiato ; an 1 «avo whoro othorwiHO provided by this Act, the prcjcodui'e shall be <;(roceedinK8 for any offt-ncc or penalty under the i)rovision8 of this Act, where a child is aj)par»'ntly of the aye alleged, for the purpose of such proceeding it shall lie with the defendant to prove that the child is not of such age. Nothing herein shall be hehl to reipiiri' any Roman Catholic to attend a public school, or to re«iuire a Prolt'stant to attend a Knnian Catholic separate school. There shall be no penalty in respect of the absence of any child from scliool on any day regarded as a holy day by the church or religious denomination to which such chihl belongs. SEPARATION FROM MUNICIPAL AND PARTY POLITICS. The system of education in Ontario is remarkably free from politics. Not to mention tliis fact wouUl be to omit infornwvtion about which enquiries are often made. Dr. Rice, in liis recent articles in The Foruvi on the AiTierican schools, says their tlofects are owing chieHy to " politics, untrained teachers, and scanty super- vision." In describing the connection between .sdiools and politics in one of the large cities, he states : " This is true not only of the board of education, but also of the superintendent and, to a grert extent, the teachers. That the board of education is a purely political body is evidenced by the fact that it is constituted by a comviittee of seven of lite common council. As for the superintendent, he is elected directly 1 y the people, and must, therefore, almost necessarily be a politician. And when we consider that the .superintendent who is elected by the people has the sole power to appoint teachers, it becomes clear that political in- fluence is liable to play a very important part in their appointment. Until recently mattei's were apparently still worse, as the superintendent had the sole power to examine as well us appoint teachers ; and what is more, he had full power to regulate the character of the examination, without being restricted, as far as I can learn, to any fixed minimum. The result is that a large number of incompetent teachers have found their way into the schools." This extract is not quoted from Dr. Rice's interesting articios for the purpose of directing attention to any weak features of the American schools. The object is simply to show not only that such tlefects as he describes are not found in Ontario, but that under our system they cannot ari.se. School trustees are not selected from our municipal councils, and in the case of Hiffh School boards and Boards of Education the members cannot hold at the same time positions in the municipal council of the municipality or county in which the High School is situated. The candidates for political honors, or the " wire-pullers " of a political party, have scarcely any chance to advance their interests by bringing party politics into the domain of school management. In- Y. o 6 H ■A O as o H 73 H ■< 3 .-3 O o H 25 H 72 Q OS O S3 OS 33 H ! .. ! 1 ftpectors are not Bolected by populnr vote. No person can be appointed as Inspector who h&s not a certificate showinfj^ that ho has attained to the hi^diest rank HS a Public School teacher. Activo politicians am<*n;j teachers in Ontario are rare, and, wherever found, their schools are not among the best, and their fame does not recommend them to trustees. Boards of Education have nothing; to do with fixing the standards of exandnations or awarding certificates. The gradu- ates of the High School, which is controlled by the trustees, must attend a training school before being eligible for positions in the gift of the Board. In the case rff Public Schools the Inspector,or in the case of High Schools the Principal, is properly consulted regarding appointments. It is safe to say that rarely does an Inspec- tor or High School Principar'make his recommendations tlirough political motives, or niajce himself obnoxious to a section of the community by taking a part in the " party caucus," or political campaign. Appointments are almost invariably made <»n the ground of fitness, and even thou'.^h personal motives and preferctico} may in- fluence trustees, the fact that a candidate for a position takes an active interest in politics would prove fatal to his success even among his political friends. It is not intended to convey the impression that teachers or Inspect(jrs are debarred from any rights as citizens in the study of political questions, or the expression of their political views. It is only meant that their positions render it injudi- cious for them to .alienate a part of the public by actively indulging in the strife of party warfare, and that Inspectors or teachers who do so tineilless innovation from pseudo-reformers or visionary K»e(lill<;rs. Extensive powers are fjiven to the Education Department, but every rejjuliition f)r Order in C.'ouncil made undtr the statute givinj; it an existence, or un ler tho Public, Separate, or Ili^h Schools Act, must lie hiil before the Lej,'isliitive Assembly. It has power, subject to the provisions of iiny statute in that btOialf, to make rej^ulations : — (1) For thu cltiHHiHuntioii, <>r|i(aiii/ati<)n, ^me teacliers, mg children le success of idee a lively is the case, ivity and a the Normal . daily, and )servable in tever it can lildren may ;s are favor- their play- be directed of infancy, ity, so that od." and consist he teacher's acting the with play- ant part of O q" o H ?5 -*; » hi o o » O 2 (KS.) y- 18 the course. These have also in view the cultivation of such habits, as will lead to a love of industrial pursuits. Such occupations as sewing, coloring with crayons, mat-weaving, pease work and modelling engage the attention of the children. Object lessons leading to the cultivation of a taste for elementary science, form a part of the course, and it is held that young pupils trained in this way become more observing, more obedient to parents and teachers, and more agreeable to one another. Already the Province has sixty-six Kindergartens, attended by 6,375 pupils with an average attendance of 3,287. IGO teachers are employed. The average salary paid Directors is $342, the highest being $600. In some cities there is also engaged one as superintendent of Kindergartens at a larger salary. In the Normal School Kindergartens the highest salary is $900. The Legislative grant to this class of schools is $3,000. II. PUBLIC SCHOOLS. Townships ai'e divided by their municipal councils into sections and each of th?se has its own school (a few have two schools) managed by _^a board of three trustees, who hold office for three years — one going out of office annually, when his successor is elected. A grant of money is paid by the Government to each school according to the average attendance of pupils, and the county council is obliged to make an equal appropriation. In addition the township council must give a grant of $100 ($150 if two teachers are employed) to each school, and the ratepayers of the section are taxed to raise whatever further sum the trustees require to maintain the school. Since 1871 the schools have all been free. Cities, Towns and Incorporated Villages in Ontario also receive their share of the Legislative grant for Public Schools and the balance necessary is raised by the municipal council at the request of the board of trustees. The Public School board consists of six or more members, two elected from each ward, of whom one retires annually. If the board so decides, the elections may be held by ballot and on the same day as the municipal elections. The graded system of classification under the dix'ection of the principal or Inspector is adopted, and promotions are usually made twice a year. As in rural schools, the Public Schools are all free, and free text-books, under the Act of 1891, may also be provided by the trustees in cities, towns, and villages, or each pupil may be charged a small fee for their purchase. Night schools and kindergartens may also be established. Trustees have extensive duties. To them is entrusted largely the amount of money to be expended for school sites, buildings, equipment and maintenance. fc They select the teachers and determine the number, grade, and description of •schools to be established and maintained. In cities and towns the boards have •erected a large number of very handsome school buildmgs furnished with the Batest improvements as to heating and ventilation, maps and apparatus, and pro- I M vided with school furnitunj of the most moiiern character. In the case of rural schools the trustees are re(|uired to conform to the followinjjf requisites for site* and outside premises : — . (1) Kverv sclmol situ slimilii be on a well travelloil road, as ffU' romovocl hh |iossiblu from a swamp or iiiarsh, and ho tdevatud as to admit uf easy drainage. (2) The acliool yrounds should be properly levelled and drained, planted witli shade tree* and enclosed by a substantial fence. Every rural school should be provided with a woodshed. (3) There should be a well or other means for procurin.; water, so placed and guarded as ti> be perfectly secure af^^iinst pollution from surface draiiiaj^e or tilth of any kind. (4) The area of the school site should be not less than half an acre in extent ; and if the flchool population of the section exceeds seventy-five, the area should be one acre. (5) The water-closets for the sexes should be several feet apart, and under ditierent roofs. Their entrances should be screened from observation. (G) Proper care should be taken to secure cleanliness and to prevent unpleasatit and un- healthy odors. (7) Suitable walks should be made from the school-house to the water-closets, so that the closets may be reached with comfort in all kinds of weather. VOl'll the of th for h over in<' For a rural school house the following ar<^ required : — (1) The school-house should be placed at least thirty feet from the public highway. (2) Where the average attendance of the section for the previous year exceeds fifty the school-house shall contain two rooms ; where it exceeds one hundred it shall contain three rooms — an additional room and teacher being retjuired for each additional fifty pupils in aver- age attendance. (3) In each room the area occupied by the pupil's desk should be at least twelve scjuare feet per pupil, and at least two hundred and fifty cubic feet of air space for each pupil. (4) There should be separate entrances with covered porches and suitable cloak-rooms for boys and girls. (5) The heating apparatus should be so placed as to keep a uniform temperature throughout the room of at least sixty-seven degrees duriiig the whole school day. (G) The windows (both sashes) should be adjusted by weights and pulleys and provided with blinds -, and light, when possible, should be admitted to the left of the pupil. (7) Care should be taken to arrange for-such ventilation as will secure a complete change of atmosphere three times every hour. The following are the icquisites for school furniture and equipment : — (1) The seats and desks should be so arranged that the pupils may sit facing the teacher. Not more than two j)U[)il8 should be;vllowed to sit at one desk ; but f ingle-seated desks are pre- ferable. (2) The height of the seats should be so graduated that pupils of difterent sizes may be seated with their feet resting Hrudy on the tloor. Tiie backs should slope backwards two or three inches from the perpendicular. (3) The seats and desks shoidd be fastened to the Hoor in rows, with aisles of suitable width between the rows ; passages, at least three feet wide, should be left between the outside rows and the fide and the rear walls of the room ; and a space, at least five feet wide, between the teacher's platform and the front desks. (4) Each desk should be so placed that its front edge may project slightly over the edge of the seat behind.. The desk should be provided with a shelf for pupils' books, and the seat should slope a little towards the back. (6) A suflicient number of seats and desks should 1)6 provided for the accouvmodation of all the pupils ordinarily in attendance at the school. There should be at least two chairs in addition to the teacher's chair. (G) The desks should be of throe different dimensions, according to the sizes of the children. 15 ise of rural tes for site* ssiblu from a 1 slia'le tree* a wootlslied. gu.irdod as to- ; and if the iH'orent roofs, sunt and un- I so that the (7) There shoukl be one l)lftckl>i)ard at least four feet wide, extending across the whole room in rear of the tojiclief's dusk, with its lower edi^o not more tliau two and a half feet above the Hoor or platform ; ami, wlien possilde, there slioiild l)e an additional blackboard on each side of the room. At the lower edge of each blackboard there should be a trough five inches wide for holding crayons and brushes and for collecting the chalk dust, which should be removed every day. way, eds fifty the ontain three pils in aver- e siiuare feet k-roonis for 3 throughout rovided with dete change It:— the teacher, jsks are pre- 503 njay be irds two or of suitable the outside de, between the edge of id the seat lation of all I in addition he children. The follovvinjj; re<,nilations have also been prescribed : — (1) The Board of Trustees hIiouUI appoint one of its own number or soni" responsi1)le person to look after petty repairs, such as repairing fences, outhouses, walks, windo vs, seats, black- boards, and stoves. (2) No public school-house or school plot (unless otherwise provided for ':i the deed), or any building, furniture, or other thing poitaining thereto, shall be used or occupied for any other than puplic school purposes, wittiout the express permission of the Board of Trustees, act- ing as a corporation. (3) Provision should be niade by every school corporation, for scrubbing and sweeping the school-house regularly, for whitewashing walls and ceilings at least annually during the sununer ludidays, and for making tires one hour before the time for opening school, from the first of November until the first of May in each year. (4) The first Friday in May shall be set apart by the Board of Trustees of every rural school and incorporated village for the purpose of planting shade trees, making fiower betls and other- wise inaproving and beautifying the sch(jol grour.ds. (5) In every school-house consisting of mure than one story the pui)ils shall be regularly trained in the fire drill, in order to prevent accidents from the alarm of fire. School Hours. — (1) In rural schools the hours shall be from nine-o'clock in the forenoon till four o'clock in the afternoon, but the trustees by resolution may, for the purpose of affording facilities for religious instruction or any other proper purpose, prescribe a shorter period. In kindergartens the time at school shall not exceed three hours per day. (2) There shall be a recess of not less than ten minutes each forenoon and afternoon, and at least one hour shall be allowed for recreation during the middle of the school day. (3) In cities, towns, and incorporated villages the trustees may, by resolution, order that any public school under their charge shall be opened at half-past nine in the 'orenoon, and close at half-past three in the afternoon, with a recess from twelve till half-past one. DUTIES OF PUPILS. (1) Every pupil whose name is entered on the register of a Public School shall atten- punctually and regularly every day of the school term in which his name is so entered ; he shall be neat and cleanly in his person and habits, and diligent, truthful, honest, kind, courteous, respectful and obedient, and shall conform to all the rules of the school. (2) Every pupil shall be present at the time jjrescribed for opening the school in the fore- noon and afternoon. (3) Any pupil absenting himself from school, except on account of sickness, shall be liable to such punishment as the teacher may lawfully infiict. (4) No pui)il .shall be allowed to leave school before the hour appointed for closing, except in cases of sickness, or at the re(|uest, either oral or written, of the parent or guardian. (5) Any pupil once admitted to the school, and duly registered, shall continue in attendance regularly until he is withdrawn by notice to the teacher to that effect. (6) Any pupil guilty of any of the following offences, viz :— (a) persistent truancy, (b) violent opposition to authority ; (c) the repetition of any oflFence after being warned ; (r gu.-irtliiins, th the books- aril of Trus- tl all the fee* y be, for sucl> t. a made good Lient. oves from a lead teacher 8, the duties- hole -school, e-table, the the school, lovisiuns of the school,, '1; prescribed I the visits- o the regis- school pro- employing II give due ection and o CO O o X mati tion > his e throi ; •Scho matt i this «rG« ir (8) To furnish to khe IMinistor of Educiitioir, or to tlio koIiooI inspoctor, from the trustoos' teport or othorwiso, any information whinh it miiy be in liis p')wi'r to j»ivo reapuctiiii; anything oonnoctod with tlio oporations of his school, or in any \vi«o atfeetinj,' its interests or cliaracter ; (!•) To propivro. So far as the scliool roi^istors supply the information, such roiiorts of the corporation employing him as are rei(uire(l i)y the Education Department ; (10) Tt) notify tho trustees, uuil in case of their neyloch, to notify the local hoard of health wlien the closets or outhouses holoni^ing to the schoijj are dan<(erou8 to the hoallh of the pupils ; (11) To notify ti\o medical health otticer of the municipality, or where theie is none to notify the local board of health, whont'ver he has reason to hdieve tliat any pupil attending school is afFi'oted with or exposed to smiil-pox, dudera, scarlatina, diphtheria, whoopin','-cough, measles, mumps, glanders or other contagious disease, and to prevent the att'jndance of all pupils so exposed or suspected of being exposed, until furnished with the written statement of the health ofKcer, or of the local hoard of health, or of a physician, that such contagious diseases did not exist, or that all danger from exposure to any of them had passed away. In addition to these provisions of the statute, teacheivs are obliged to observe the following duties which have been prescribed by the Education Department : — (1) To see that the school-house is ready for the reception of pu])ils at least fifteen minutes before the time jirescrihetl for opening the school in the morning, and five minutes before the time for opening in the afternoon. (2) To classify his pupils strictly accoriling to the programme of studies prescribed l)y the Education De|iartment, and to make no departure from such classification without the consent of the Board of Trustees and rhe In.spector. (3) To pre|)are a time-table to be jiostod in some conspicuous part of the room for the guid- ance of himself und his pupils. (4) To prevent the use by pupils of unauthorized text-books. (!)) To make at the end of eacli school term, or at such other time as may be approved by the Inspector, and subject to revision by him, such promotions from one class to another as he may deem exi)edient. (G) To practise such discipline in his bcIk)oI as would be exercised by a kinil, firm and judicious parent ; to reprove his pupils with tenderness and becoming deliberation, and t > aim a'' governing them through their affections and reason rather than by force ; to encourage his pupils to entertain kindly feelings towards one another, to respect each other's rights, to be polite in ami out of school, to form habits of honesty and truthfulness, to obey all persons in authority over them, to cultivate a patriotic interest in their country and to discountenance cjuarrelling, cruelty to animals, and the use of profane and other improper language. (7) To give strict attention to the proper ventilation and cleanliness of the school-house ; to make and enforce such rule?* as will ensure the keeping of the school grounds and out-build- ings in a neat and cle.anly condition. (8) To see that the school grounds, sheds and water closets are kept in proper order ; that no damage is done to the furniture, fences, out-buildings or other scIkjoI property ; to giee notice in writing to the Trustees of any necessary repairs or sujiplies. (9) To employ, unless otherwise provided for, at such compens.ition as may bo fixed by the Board of Trustees, a suitable person to make fires, sweep the rooms, dust the walls, seats, desks, and other furniture ; but no teiicher or pupil shall be re([uired to perform such duty unless regularly eiuployed for that purpose as herein provided. (10) To make up all returns to the Inspector or the Education Department, as far as the information required can bo supplied from the school register ; and to furnish such other infor- mation aflFecting the interests of his school as may from time to time be re([uired by the Educa- tion Department or the Inspector. (11) To attend regularly the Teachers' Institutes held in his county, and to contribute from his experience and observation to their general usefulness. (12) To give immediate notice to the Trusteea and Inspector of his absence from school through illness or other unavoidable cause, (13) To conduct every exercise and recitation from the text-hooks prescribed for Public Schools, in the English language. All communications between teacher and pupil in regard to matters of discipline and in the management of the school shall be in English, except so far as this is impracticable by reason of the pupil not understanding English. Recitations in French or German may be conducted in the language of the text-book. 18 (14) To tako up no collnctionH or lubHcriptioiis from the impils ; to miike no announcement* nor distribute bills or advertisunients, except for school purposes, without the consent of the Board of Trustees. (15) To receive no ]ircBcnt8 from the pupils except when severing his connection with the school ; nor to give any modal or prize to nny pupil without the consent of the Board of Trus- tees. (16) To avoid makiiifi^ u|) lost time by teaching on a holiday or attendance during such tiniu shall be disallowed by the Inspector. during vacations. Any REGULATIONS RKSPKCTIN(J COUR.SE OF STTTDY. (1) The ('ourse of Study for Public Schools shall be taken up in tive forms, as sot fortlv below, and shall be folio wed by the teacher as far as the circumstances of his school will admit. Any modifications deemed necessary shall bo made im\y with the concurrence of the Inspector and Board of Trustees. (2) In school sections whore the French or the German language prevails, the Trustees, with the approval of the Inspector, may, in addition to the course of stucly prescribed for Public Schools, ro(iuire instruction to be given in Reading, Grammar and Composition to such pupils as are directed by their parents or guardians to study either of these languages ; and in all such cases the authorized text-books in French or German shall be used. But nothing herein contained shall be construed to mean that any of the text-books prescribed for public schools- shall be set aside because of the use of the authorized text-books in French and (jorman. (3) Trustees are recommended not to open a Fifth Form in the Pul lie School of any city, town, or incorporated village in which a High School is in operation. Form I. ; Readiitg. — The use of the Tablets and Parts I. and II. of the First Reader. Spellhig and Writiiig. — From reading lessons on slates and orally, writing from blackboard copies — simple letters and words. Geography. — Conversations respecting the earth ; explanation of any references to places- that occur in the reading lessons. Orammar and Composition. — Ora,\ exercises in language, correction of common mistakes in conversation. Arithmetic — Notation and numetation to 1.000; addition and subtraction; mental arith- metic. Drawimj. — The exercises in First Reader and blackboard exercises. Form II. . Rtadiwj. — The Second Reader ; easy questions in the literature of every lesson. Spelling and Writing. — Oral spelling and dictation on slates and paper ; writing on slates ;, blackboard exercises ; copy-books in senior divisions. Geography. — Local geography and elementary definitions ; map of the world. Grammar and Composition. — Oral and written exercises in language ; correction of commo» mistakes in conversation. Arithmetic. — Notation and numeration to 1,000,000 ; multiplication and division ; mental arithmetic. Temperance and Hrjgiene. — Conversations on temperance, the use of alcoholic stimulants andl the laws of health. Drawing. — Authorized Drawing Course, Nos. 1 and 2. Form III. Reading. — The Third Reader ; literature of every lesson. Spelling and Writing.— Course in Form II. continued ; copy writing ; business.formd. Geography. — Definitions ; simple map geography ; North America''[and Ontario ; map drawing. 19 luncomcntt lunt of the m with the (1 of TruB- lons. Any bB sot forth) nrill admit. i Inspector I Trustees, for Public luch pupils and in all ing herein )lic schools- lan. f any city. blackboard i to place» mistakes in iital arith- on slates ;. f conamoi* 1 ; mental ]lants andl ftiammnr ami CompoHltion. — Classos of words and their infloctions : simple descriptive writin|L{, and letter writing. Jfistonj. — Conversiitions on British and Canadiiin liistoiy. Aritlniutii. — lWWa and accounts; elementary reduction ; compound rules; mental aritli- motic. Tt'tnperance and H\njini.f. -Conversations on temperance ; the physical otloct» of intoxicat- ing lii|nora ; import^tncu of exorcise, etc. i>j((ici(H/.- -Authori/.od Drawing Course, Nos. W and 4. Fonn IV. lieudliiij.- Thii Fourth Render ; the literature of every lessoji, SpdliiKi nnd Writinij — Systouuitic orthography and orthoepy ; business forms and single entry witliout a text-book. Ovuiirttphij. — Geography of the continents, Canada and Ontario ; uiiip drawing. (inimiiKtr aitil Composition. — Elements of formal grammar and composition ; descriptive, narrative, and letter writing. Hidorij. — Leading events in British and Canadian history. Arithmetic. — Review of elementary work ; multiples, fractions, percentage, interest, mental arithmetic. Tvinpcrance atul Hygiene. — Conversations on temperance ; how to preserve the health gen- erally. The use of the authorized text-book strongly recommended. A(iricnltnrt- (Jor Rnral Schuols). — Plant life; composition of soils, etc. The course in authorized book to be followed. Drawing. — Authorized Drawing Course Nos. 5 and 6. ^ * , Farm V. Reading. — A general knowledge of the principles of orthoepy and of elocution; reading, spelling and syllabication. English Grammar. — Etymology and syntax ; exercises chiefly on authors not prescribed. Enqlish Composition and lihetorie. — The framing of sentences and paragraphs ; paraphrasing; of prose ; expansion and contraction of prose passages ; synonynu ; correction of errors ; rhetorical analysis of passages from prose authors not prescribed ; themes on familiar subjecta^ and the prescribed texts ; familiar and business letters. English Poetical Literature. — Intelligent comprehension of and familiarity with the pre- scribed texts ; memorization of the finest passages ; oral reading of the texts. Hintorii a)id Geograpliij. — The leading events of Canadian and English Hist(jry — the nine- teenth century more particularly. Commercial, physical, ami matlR-matical geography. Geo- graphy of Canada and the British Empire more particularly. Arithmetic ami Elcmentarg Meusnration. — Arithmetic in theory and practice; special at- tention to connnercial problems ; area of rectilinear figures, and volumes of right parallclopipedd and prisms ; the circle, sphere, cylinder, and cone. Commercial Course. — Writing ; Prucis writing and indexing ; book-keeping, single and double entry ; commercial forms ; general business transactions. Agriculture {for Rnral Schools). Drawing. — Freehand ; practical geometry ; perspective ; object drawing, and industrial designs. Optional Subjects. tma, no ; inai> Algebra. — Elementary rules ; factoring ; greatest common measure ; least common multiple, fractions ; simple equations of one unknown quantity ; simple problems. Euclid. — Book I, propositions 1-26 ; easy deductions. Fhysics, — The same as prescribed in the High School course for forms I. and II. Botany. — The same as prescribed in the High School course for forms I. and II. 20 Sl'i;( t.M, DlUKCTlDNS. Flml Time Fouhk. HfoJiidi mill f. Ill iiittii'. Tli(^ Fiist I'lut of tho Fiint IltHik-r slidiild lu' tauu'lit fnmi tho liliicklmiird iiiiil tlui 'I'lililct, Li'SHiiiiH, rini |)U|iil hIhuiIiI pnictistt n'liiliiiK l)y pliniHt's witli tho tirHt IcHHiiiiH, Hiiil Niich f\|ilikiiiklitt i;ivL'ii HH woiiM fiiitlilti him to ro.-u! intitlli^i-ntly, unci in • ho oiiHy nalnriir iiiiiiiiior wliich ohiiriu'tcri/oH unod ('<>iiv<'i'suti(iii. CloiiriioHs, Ihioncy, fnrco and iiiktiiridiicHs lilt! I'Hsciiti.'ii til Liiiiid loading'. I'lipilH in t-vory form Nhnidd ho iciinircd I't^^ularly tn ■t'liiiimil til iin'iniiry sidci't iiaHMiij^cH in |iriini'and vitho, tn i,'ivo thu meaning; nf wiiat thoy read, 4tnd Id ni.'kke, frmii time tn tiiiio, a Hiiiiimiiry uf tlic roadiii;; h-HmniH in thoir nwn laii^uHK"- (litiiiriifih>i. — 'I'lio Hchiiol hniiHo anil its HnrroundiMiiH, with whitih tlio imiiils are familiar, should he takiui iih tlio lirHt BuhjoctH of loHHiins to ^{ivo (nrroct iilttiH of boundary and direction. Map drawing ilioidd lio ]iractiHi^d from tlio ht'^^'iiinin;^. I)oliiiitions in |iliyHical ^eograpliy hIioiiIiI Iio fully illiiHtrati'd in all ciihch hy lilacklmaril diawiiii;-) or nthurAi.so. Tho teacher Hhould ti'iic'h this Hiilijoi't in the lir.st and H( coiid foi'iim hy niotins of faiiiiliar talks aliout the natural I'hi'iiiinii'iia nf ditleroiit countrioH, tho peculiarities of iliilenuit nicoH, the hirds and animals of ilitleront /.ones, etc. draiithutr and ( nmnimHini. — (Jrammar slmuld ho taiiylit at tirst mainly as tho basis of coiii- liiisition. The esHcntial larts of tho simple seiiti^iiee, tho functions and detinitioiis of tho parts d English from his pupils in all their answers in class or in conser.sation. Histonj. —Tho principal events in Canadian history, with their beariiiK upon tho jiro^rossof Canada, should bo discussed. (Jaro should bo taken to explain thoroiij^hly our municipal and federal forim of <,'overuiiier.t, and the priiiei|)al events of British history, without unnecessary details or uiiiui|)ortant dates. A comprehension of loading facts and ifeneral principles is more valuable than the most accurate kiiowlodfjo of details, if unaccompanied by ability to distinj^uish wiiat is important from what is not. Thiout,'hout tho course tho teacher should bear in mind tho interestin;{ and \ aliiable lessons that may be deduced from tho lives of the men and women who liitve i>layed a prominent )iart in history. Afitlnmlir. — Systematic; training,' in mental arithmetic should prevail 'in all the classes. Accuracy and expertness in performinj.; elementary operations are of the tirst iinportaiiee. Problems based on tho elementary rules should be given from the commonceiiient. (Jreat stress ahoulcl be laid on the solution of i|iie8tions by the analytic method. Writing. —Neat and legible writing and the proper formation of tho small and capital letters should i>e aimed at. y>/(nii;i;r - The drawinjj exercises in Parts I. and II. of the First Reader, and the authorized Drawing,' Hook should be used. Pupils should be encouraged to exjiand these exercises into original designs. Fourth Form. ^f *f If In. Jieailing. - A general knowledge of the elements of vocal expression, with special reference to emphasis, inflection and pause. Tho reading, with proper exi>ression, of any selection in the Fourth Reader. The pupil should be taught to read intelligently as well .as intelligibly. LiteraUire — Tho object of tho study is to secui'e the pupil's intelligent comprehension of and familiarity with the lessons in the reader. To this tncl, he should be taught to give for words or phrases, meanings which may be substituted therefor, without impairing the sense of the passage : to illustrate and show the appropriateness of important words or phrases ; to dis- tinguish between synonyms in common use ; to i)araphra8e difficult passages so as to show the meaning clearly ; to show the connections of the thoughts in any selected passage ; to explain allusions ; to write explanatory or descriptive notes on proper or other names ; to show that he has studied the lessons thoughtfully, by being able to give an intelligent opinion on any subject treated of therein that comes within the range of his ex]>erience or comprehension ; and «specially to show that he has entered into the spirit of the passage, by being able to read it with proper expression. He should be recjuircd to memorize passages of special beauty from the selections prescribed , and to reproduce in his own words, the substance of any of these selections, or of any part thereof. He should also obtain some knowledge of the authors from whose works these selections have been made. . . , .. It fi-din thu vitli thu tii'Ht iitly, luid in y, fnrco Hiul it'miliirly tu tlioy read, initio. iru fiiniilinr, 111 direct ion. I ^odgiiipliy itcliei'HiiouId tliu iiaturiil iiniiiiiiU of iiHis i>( coin- i)f tliu parts * mIiouKI 1)0 ish. Every isu ill Com- xipils in all J I'ro^roasof uiiuipal and Linnecussary lies is more distin^^nish in mind tho ivomen who he classes, mportance. ( treat stress and capital ! authorized ircises into 1 reference 'ion in the bly. hension of to give for le sense of es ; to dis- ) show the to explain >w that he ny subject ision ; and to read it ;auty from of these thors from 21 Orthography and OrthoSpy. — The pronunciation, the syllabication, and the spelling from dictation, of words in common use. The correction of words improperly spelled or pronounced. The distinction between words in common use in regard to spelling, pronunciation and meaning. Writing. — Besides writing the regular copy-book exercises, the pupil should be taught letter writing, simple business forms, and how to keep simple accounts by single entry. No text book is required. Geographif. — The form and the motions of the earth. The definitions as contained in the authorized text book : divisions of land and water ; circles of thu globe ; political divisions ; natural phenomena. Maps of America, Europe, Asia and Africa. Maps of Canada and On- tario, including the railway systems. The products and the commercial relations of Canada. Grammar. — The sentence ; its different forms. Words ; their chief classes and inflections. Different grammatical values of the same word. The meanings of the chief grammatical terms. The grammatical viilues of phrases and of clauses. The government, the agreement, and the arrangement of words. The correction, with reasons therefor, of wrong forma of words and of false syntax. The parsing and analysis of simple sentences. Composition. — The nature and the construction of different kinds of sentences. The com- bination of separate statements into sentences. The nature and the construction of paragraphs. The combination of separate statements into paragraphs. Variety of expression, with the fol- lowing clashes of exercises ; changing the voice of the verb ; expanding a word or a phrase into a clause ; contracting a clause into a word or a phrase ; changing from direct to indirect narra- tion, or the converse transposition ; changing the form of a sentence ; expansion of given heads or hints into a composition ; the contraction of passages ; paraphrasing prose. The elements of punctuation. Short narratives or descriptions, and familiar letters, to which most attention should be given. History —Outlines of British history. The outlines of Cfinadian history generally, with particular attention to the events subsequent to 1841. The municipal institutions of Ontario and the Federal form of the Dominion Government. Agriculture. — The authorized text book on this subject should be introduced into every rural school. Special attention should be given to such points as, how plants grow and what they feed upon ; how farms are beautified and cultivated ; the value of shade trees ; what trees to plant and when to plant them ; the relation of agriculture to other pursuits ; the effects of climate on the habits of a people. Fifth Form. Algebra, Geometry, Botany and Physics shall be optional subjects and shall be taken up only when, in the opinion of the Inspector and the Trustees, the circumstances of the school pbk'mit of their being thoroughly taught without injury to the other classes. Physics should not be taken up unless a proper supply of apparatus is provided. Every Form. Temperance and Hyqiene. — The nature and effect of alcohol upon the system and the im- portance of temperance and a strict observance of the laws of health, should form part of the regular instruction of the school, and, at least one hour per week should be devoted to this sub- ject. The use of the authorized text book is strongly recommended. Miisic. — The Kindergarten songs should be taught in the First Form. Rote singing ; musical notation in the other Forms. The study of music should be treated as a matter' of primary importance. Drill and Calisthenics. — The different extension movements prescribed in the authorized text book on the subject should be frequently practised, not only during recess, but during school hours. In addition, the boya should be formed into companies and tauglit the usual squad and company drill, and the girls should be exercised in calisthenics. Accuracy and promptness should characterize every movement. Moral and Religious Instruction. — No course of moral instruction is prescribed The teacher is expected, however, by his perstmal example as well as by the exercise of his authority and by instruction, to imbue every pupil with respect for those moral obligations which underlie a well formed character. Respect for those in authority and for the a .{cd, courtesy, nianlinesa, reverence, truthfulness, honesty, etc.. can best be inculcated as the occasion arises for referring to them. The religious exercises of the school should be conducted without haste and with the utmost reverence and decorum. Trustees and teachers will be guided as to the nature and extent of religious instruction by the Regulations on this subject. 22 Reviews ayid Recitations. — Every Friday forenoon should be devf»ted to a review of the- week's work, and the ufLurnooii to exorcises tending to rolieve the usual routine of the school- room, while pntnioting the uicntiil and moral culture of the [i> reduced to the rank of a Hi^h School, and deprived of the special leyislativo grant, at the discretion of the Minister of Education. TuusTEKS — Each High School or Collegiate Institute is managed by a Board of Trustees, whose duties are similar to those of Public Schools. Each board consists ot at least .si.\ trustees, and, except in the case of cities and towns separated from the county, three of those are appointed by the county council, and tlixve by the council of the town or village where the High School is situateil. If the district is composed of more tlian one municipality, then each of these municipalities is represented on the High School Board. In towns separated from the county all the trustees are appointed by the town council. In cities the council also appoints all the trustees, and if two High Schools are established, twelve trustees are appointe 1, and if more than two, the council appoints eighteen trustees. Each trustee so appointed holds othce generally for three years. Two other trustees holding office for one year may be added, one by the Public School Board and the otlier by the Separate School Board of the city, town or incorporated village where the High School or Colleiriate Institute is situated. Higli School trustees cannot be members of the municipal council. The Cost of each High School and Collegiate Institute is made up of the expenditure required for " Permanent Improvements " and " Maintenance." The former of these nuist be met entirely by the district or municipality, and consists mainly of the expenditure for school site, building, furniture and equipment. The latter consists of the usual outlay for the salaries of teachers and other officers, rei)airs, fuel, stationery and sundry expenses for ordinary school purposes, and is met from four sources, viz.: (1) Government grants,(2) county grants, (8) district or municipal grants, and (4) fees of students. Government Grants to the High Schools and Collegiate Institutes are mainly based on the efforts made by the locality. If the local expenditure is good, a correspondingly liberal grant may be expected from the Legislature, so far as the annual appropriation will allow. As a minimum each High School re- ceives a fixed grant of !$375, and each Collegiate Institute an additional grant of $275. On the condition and suitability of the premises, a High School is entitled to a maximum grant of .S1;)0 .and a Collegiate Institute to one of $200. For equip- ment there is a maximum grant of S200 and one of ^600 on the basis of salaries of the teachers. The remainder of the grant is distributed on the basis of avei-age attendance. The grants in full vary from about !?500 to Si, 800 on the basis thus outlined. County Grants. — The county council is required to make a grant to each High School or Collegiate Institute in the county equal to the grant made by the Legislature. This grant is intended to meet the cost of instruction for county pupils : that is, for those pupils of the county who do not reside in the munici- pality or district where the High School is situated. It sometimes happens that — \ y. in a' o H >— t H •f. -11 J 3 O U !il!!i:i[!i|l!i!l!i|l!!l!lilillllll!l If li li i<. n the equivalent of the Government grant would not be sufficient to inei't the cost of maintenance for county pupils, and in that case the county is lialtle for what- ever additional amount is necessary to meet its share of the cost of maintenance. The principle involved in this part of the statute is that the county should pay for the education of county pupils. Municipal Grants, — After the county and legislative grants have been received, whatever further sums in addition to any fees which have been paid, may bo required to meet the cost of maintenance, must be made up by the muni- cipality or district where the High School is situated, on the requisition of tho Trustee Board. Under the provisions of the Act the municipal grant raised for this purpose is, as a matter of fact, its proportionate share of the cost of mainte- nance. If, for instance, there are as many county as resident pupils, the county and district pay equal shares of the cost of maintenance after deducting the legislative grant. Should there be any dispute as regards these amounts the Act provides a ready settlement by arbitration. Fees. — County councils may require a portion of the liability of the county to be paid by the county pupils in fees not exceeding one dollar per month, the fee being uniform for all High Schools in the county. Resident pupils may also be required by the Board to pay fees, thus lessening the amount to be raised by the municipality. It thus follows that the question of free High Schools is left to be determined by each locality, and it has been found that this option is more satisfactory than making all High Schools free by Act of Parliament, or fixing a uniform fee for the Province. Non-resident pupils, that is those from other counties, must pay such fees as the Board deems expedient, but such fees must not be greater than the cost of maintenance or less than those of county pupils. Of the 128 High Schools and Collegiate Institutes 48 of them are free, and the fees in the others vary from $2.50 to $26 per year. ENTRANCE EXAMINATION. A uniform examination is held every year about the first of July for admis- sion to High Schools and Collegiate Institutes. Each High School has a Board of Examiners for the purpose, consisting of the Principal of the High School, the Public School Inspector and two qualified teachers who have no i)upils at the examination, one being appointed by the Public School Board and the other by the Separate School Board of the city, town or village where the High School is situated. The examiners are paid $1 per pupil for their services and the cost may be met by fees from the candidates or by the county and district for their respective shares. The examination papers are prepared by the High School Inspectors and Public and Separate School Inspectors appointed by the Minister of Education and sent in sealed envelopes to the presiding examiner, to be opened during the hours of the examination. Only those pupils who pass the examina- tion and whose admission has been confirmed by the High School Inspectors can be admitted to a High School or Collegiate Institute. The examination is based on the course of the fourth form of the Public Schools and includes the following ::8 subjects and Viiluijs : — llrailiii;,', .'>0 marks ; drawins^, i'O; rioatiiess, .'].') ; writin;,', 50 ; ortho^fraphy, .'}() ; litt'ratiirt', 100 ; arithinutic;, 100 ; ;,"-ainiiiar, 100; f^cogiapliy, 75; composition, lOil; history, 7o. Optional papors aro set in temperance and liygiene and ajjricuiture, each valued at 7'). Tho standard re(|nired to pass is one-third in each sulijoct and one-half ot' the a<,';^'ri';^'ate numlter of marks, 'i'liero is also |irovision for rccnmiiiendin;,' in case of failiin^ the followin<^ classes of can- didates : — ((/) Those who fail to reach the standard pn^scrilxMl in some sulject, but who make consideral)ly more thiin the aj^jurtj^ate marks reciuired, and {b} those who in the opinion of tho examiners, on account oi aiije yv for some special reason, should 1)3 rocoinniMnde I. The reasons shoulil hj set forth in each case. The report of tho lioard of Examiners and the answer papers fto provide for any appeals) are sent to tho Kihicatiop l)oi)artment. 'i'he re<,nilations also provide for tho provisional a,'h Sciiools siiall ba tho same as those proscribed for Public Schools, oxce[)t as heroin otherwise provided. Except when tho Puldic and tho Hij;h School occupy the same buiMin^, tho I'rincipal of the High School shall not be Principal of the I'ubli Schools. The lliy;h Scliool subjects of study shall be taken up in four Forms. The Principal is not restricted in the sub-division of Forms and he shall arranije the upper limit of Form I, to suit tho re(iuirements of his school ; but it is recommended that the Conuneroial Course shall be completed before takiiis,' up tho full work for tho Primary Examination. The regular subjects of study in Forms I. and II. sliall cojisist of Roadiu'j;, English tJranunar, English Composition, Uhetoric, English Poetical Literature, History and (ieography, Arithmetic and Mensuration, Algebra, Euclid, tho Commercial Course, and Drawing, with Latin, or French, or (Jcrman, or Physics and Botany; in Form III., of English (Jraminar, English Composition, Rhetoric, Englisii Poetical Literature, History and Geography, Arithmetic and Mensuration, Algebra, Euclid, and Chemistry, with Latin, or (Jreok, or French, or German, or Physics ; and in Form IV., of English (;rainmar. Philology, Rhetoric and Prosody ; English Composition, Engliiili Poetical Literature, History and (Jeography, Algebra, Euclid, and Trigonometry, with Greek and Latin, or French and German, or Chemisry, Physics, Rotany, and Zoology. The special subjects re'] ui red for pass Senior Alatriculation in any of the Universities of Ontario may be taken up in Form IV". in addition to the regular subjects prescribed. Every High School pupil shall pursue the course prescribed in the Form to which he i& assigned, and no pupil shall be exempt fr()m Reading, Drawing, and the Conimercial Course. Pui)ils iu Forms II L and IV. preparing for the Matriculation Examination into any of the Universities or the Learned Societies of Ontario, may take those subjects only that are required for their examinations. The Commercial Course, Reading, and Drawing may be continued m the higher Forms, and Agricultural Chemistry, Temperance and Hygiene, Vocal Music, and Stenography may be taught in each Form, at the option of the Board of Trustees and the Prin- !«; I- Ji he i» Course, of the :quired lued i» lie. and e Pria- o 32 -J X l1 t^ 1 11 tt 11 I 29 II cipal. Any pupil may take, in addition to the subjects in the course selected, such other snb- i'ectsas may be agreed upon by his parent or guardian and the Principal of the High School ; mt no subject not prescribed in the regular High School courses of study shall be taught in^any High School or Collegiate Institute without the consent of the Minister of Education. Throughout all the school terms — Writing shall be taught at least twice a week in the lowest division of Form I., each lesson being not less than half an hour in length ; and the subject shall also he taken up in connection witn Book-keejung in the other divisions ; Reading shall be taught at least twice a week in each of the divisions of Forms I. and II., each lesson being not less than half an hour in length ; and the subject shall also be taken up in connection with English Literature in all the forms ; Drill, Gymnastics, and Calisthenics shall be taught not less than an hour and a half a week in each division of Forms I. and II. ; and not less than an hour a week in the other forms ; and additional provision shall be made for practice by the pupils under efficient supervision. In High Schools which have no gymnasium. Gymnastics is_not obligatory and Drill and Calisthenics shall be taken up only when the weather permits. The following are the details of the course of study : — Forms I. and II. Reading. — The principles of Orthoepy and Elocution; Reading ; Spelling and Syllabication, Eiujlish Grammar. — Etymology and Syntax ; exercises, chiefly on passages from authors not prescribed. English Composition and lihetoric. — The structure of sentences and paragraphs ; paraphras- ing of prose ; expansion and contraction of prose passages ; syiionyms ; correction of errors ; rhetorical analysis of passat^es from prose authors not prescribed ; themes on familiar subjects and the prescribed texts ; familiar and business letters. English Poetical Literature. — Intelligent comprehension of and familiarity with the pre- scribed texts ; memorization of the finest pas.sages ; oral reading of the texts ; supplementary reading from authors provided in the High School Library or supplied by the pupils under the authority of the High School Board. History and Geograjihy. — The leading events of Capadian and Britisli History — the nine- teenth century more particularly. Comniercial, physical, and mathematical Geography, Geography of Canada and the British Empire more particularly. Arithmetic and Elementary Mensuration. — Arithmetic in theory and practice ; special atten- tion to commercial problems ; areas of rectilinear figures, and volumes of right parallelopipods and prisms ; the circle, sphere, cylinder, and cone. Alijabra. — Elementary rules ; factoring ; greatest common measure ; least common mul- tiple ; fractions ; simple equations of one unknown quantity ; simple problems. Eiiclid. — Book I., propositions 1-21} ; easy deductions. Commercial Course. — Writing ; prficis writing and indexing ; book-keeping, single and double entry ; commercial forms ; general business transactions. Drauiiig. — Freehand ; practical geometry ; perspective ; object drawing ; and industrial designs. Physics. — An experimental course defined as follows ; — (a) Properties of matter: Sonsations and things ; causes and effects ; absence of chance in the order of nature ; matter ; the mole- cule ; constitution of matter ; physical and chemical changes ; inertia ; force ; ■ neigy (as defined in sections 88-92 inclusive of the High School Physics) ; three states of mattui , phenomena of attraction ; cohesion ; compressibility ; elasticity, etc. (h) Sound : — Vibratiims and waves ; production and j)ropagatioii of sound waves ; velocity ; reflection ; echoes ; refraction ; inten- sity ; pitch ; diflference between noise and music ; (li]i. — CIreat Britain find her colonies from tho revolution of 1088 tfi the peace of 1815, and tin; (ieograjihy relating thereto. Outlines of lloinan history to the death of AugU'^tus, and the Cieou'i'aphy relating thereto. Outlines of (ireek history to the battle of Clueronea, and the (jieograi)hy relating thereto. Arithmetic and Mensuration. — Course in Form II. comri'eted. Ahjehra. — Elementary ndos ; easy factoring ; highest common measure ; lowest common multiple ; scjuare root ; fractions ; ratio ; simple e(iuations of one, two and three unkniiwn quan- tities ; indices ; surds ; easy (piadraticeciuations of one and two unknown (juantities. Undid. — Books 1, II, and III ; deductions. P/ij/.s/cs. — An experimental course defined as follows, and including an acquaintance with the Metric System of Units : — (") Dynamics ; Delinitions of velocity, acceleration, mass, mo- mentum, force, moment, couple, energy, work, centre of inertia; statementof Newton's laws of motion ; composition and resolution of forces ; conditions f(jr equilibrium of forces in one plane. Delinitions of a fluid, fluid i)re9sure at a point, trai-smission of fluid pressure, residtant fluid j)ressure. specific gravity, Doyle's law, the l)arometer, air punq), water ])unqi, siphon. (/*) ileat : Effects of heat ; temperature ; diti'nsion of heat ; specific heat ; lateni heat ; law of Charles, (c) Electricity : Voltaic cells ; chemical action in the cell ; magnetic effect of tho current ; chemical effect of the current; galvanometer; voltameter; Ohm's law; heating effect of the current ; electric ligiit ; current induction ; dynamo and motor ; electric bell ; telegraph ; teleph(jne. Chihi.'st ri/. — Definition of the object of the science. Relations of the physical sciences to Biol- ojy, and of Chemistry to I'hysius. Chemical change, elementary conq)osition of matter. Laws of combination of the elements, atomic theory, molecules, Avogadro's Law. Tin; detei-niination of atomic weight, s])ecific heat, atomic heat, nomenclature, classification. Tho t)reparation, characteristic ])roperties, and principal compounds of the following elements : Hydrogen, Chlorine, Brouune, Iodine, Oxygen, Suliihur, Nitrogen, Plio3|)hori.s, Carbon, Silicon. Greek. — (Irannnar, Composition, prescribed texts, and sight-reading, Latin. — (irammar, Composition, ])rescribed texts, and sight-reading. Frencli. — Orannnar, Comjiosition, Conversation, Dictation, the prescribed texts and sight- reading. "TiGeniKii,. — Orammir, Comp tsition, Conversation, Dictation, the prescribed texts, and sight- reading. '^^Grammar and Philolojii. — \ course t!onsisting chiefly of exercises on passages from ruthors not prescribed. Unj'iili. Coinp'tsltion, ll'u'Aori.'i aiil Prosolii. — Essav-writing ; a course in Rhetoric and Pro- so ly, conrin III. together with variation progression, permutations, and conibinations, binomial theorem, interest forms with annuities^ '■I'i i' ■l!.„i 1 'i I ' , siglit- uthors • \ Vvo- 'Uigont olution O o E-4 -3 O ill ( 1!' '■ H: 31 Euclid. — More thorough knowleds^e of the subjects of Form III. together with Euclid, Bks. IV,, VI, and Detinitions of Bk. V.; deductions. Plane Trigotiometry. — Trijjonometrical ratios with their relations to each other ; sines, etc., of the sum and difference of angles with deduced foriiiul is ; solution of trianglos ; expressions for the area of trian'j^les ; radii of circumscribed, inscribed, and escribed circles. Physics. — Course in Form III. continued. Chemistry. — Tiio practical study of the following elements with their most characteristic compounds, in illustration of the outlines ot Mendelejeffi classification of the elements : Hydro- gen ; Sodium, Potassium ; Mague.sium, Zinc : Calcium, Strontium. Barium ; Borax, Alluiuin- ium ; Carbon, Silicon, Tin, Lead ; Nitrogen, Phosphorus, Arsenic, Antimony, Bismuth ; Oxygen, Sulphur ; Flourine, Chlorine, Bromine ; Iodine : Manganese, Iron, Gold, Platinum. Botany. — The practical study of representatives of the flowering plants of tho locality in which the High School is situated, and of representatives of the chief sub-divisions of crypto- gams, such as a fern, a lycopod, a horse-tail, a liver-wort, a moss, a lichen, a mushroom and a chara. A knowledge of structure, such as can be obtained with the use of the compound micro- scope. Drawing and description of parts of plants supplied, and their classitication. Compari- son of different organs, morphology of root, stem, leaves and hair, parts of the flower, repro- duction of flowering plants, pollination, fertilization and the nature of fruit and seeds. Zooloyy. — The practical study of the subject as defined in Tlie Hifh School Zoology, but limited by the author's syllabus of work. Greek. — Grammar, Composition, the prescribed texts, and sight-reading, Latin — Grammar, Composition, the prescribed texts, and sight-reading. French. — Grammar, Composition, Conversation, Dictation, the prescribed texts, and sight- reading. German. — Grammar, Composition, Conversation, Dictation, the prescribed texts, and sight- reading. DIPLOMAS AND COMMENCEMENT EXERCISES. 1, I (1) Every pupil shall be entitled to a High School Graduation Diploma, who passes a Departmental examination in any of the courses in Form III. or IV. of the High Schools, and whosubmits to the Minister of Education, through the Principal, a certitieate from the Princi- pal that the candidate has attended a High School for at least one year ; and a certificate of <:liaracter signed by the Principal. (2) Coinmenceiuant Exorcises shall be held in each High School or Collegiate Institute at a suitable time during the autumn of each year, at which Diplomas, Medals, or Certificates miy be presented to the successful candidates. STATISTICS. Number of Collegiate Institute ;')5, High Schools 93, total 128. Number of pupils enrolled 22,230, average attendance 13,448 ; about 42 per cent, of the pupils attending are the children of farmers ; 22 per cent of mechanics; 25 of merchants, And 1 1 of professional men. Number of teachers is 484, of whom G9 are ladies ; No. of teachers who are University graduates, 305 of whom 193 are graduates of Toronto University, 51 of Victoria, 40 of Queen's, 13 of Trinity, 1 of McGill, 1 of Manitoba, and 6 ot British Universities. The highest salary paid is $2,500; the average for principals is $1,177, and and for assistants $814. The salaries in Collegiate Institutes, for specialists range from about $1,000 to $1,500. During the last year reported 413 pupils from the High School and Collegi- ate Institutes, matriculated, 400 joined the learned professions, such as law and medicine, 1,202 left for mercantile life, 974 for agriculture and 1,605 became teachers. The legislative grant is $99,693 and the county grants $98,104 ; amount received in fees $89,886 ; amount granted by municipalities or districts $402,527. The cost per pupil is $34.26. 4 (e.s.) 82 iSlra The following is a list of the Collegiate Institutes and High Schools of Ontario : — I. — Collegiate Jnstitdtes. Location. Aylmer Barrie Brantford Brockville. Chatham Clinton Cobourg . Collingwood . . Gait Goderich * Teachers. Degree. Rutherford, Walter VV. Cole, James W Hoag, .lamps P Measmore, J. Franklin . Stewart, Etta Murray . Hunter, James Macfie. Hay, Andrew Milden, Alfred William Arthur, Colin C Mcintosh, Alex . W . . . B. A., Toronto B. A., Toronto . B. A., " M, A., Toronto. Oliver, William Birchard, Isaac James. Passmore, Samuel F . . . Bunnell, Eifie Maria . . . Miller, Nancy M.A Scott, Robert H Burt, Arthur William . Dickson, John D . . . . Copland, James Stuart. Ross, Ralph Giles, Edith Anna . . . . Burns, Hettie M Paterson, David Smith Twohey, Wm. James . Seymour, Wm. Frederick Knox, Andrew Alex Cairns, James Frederick Smith, Thomas Corlett . Errett, Charles F Houston, John Gundry, Arthur P McKee, George A . . . . Rand, Wilfred Erie . . Hume, Nettie Ashack. Ellis, WiUiam Stewart.. Mitchell, George Winter. Mott, Nellie O'Dell, Albert Steer, Albert B Williams, William Hamilton, James Reed. Hammill, George . . . . Shipley, Frederick W . Dippel, Moses G Garscadden, Thomas Logan, Chas. J Wright, Arthur Walker, Lochhead, William DeGuerre, Ambrose Evans, William E Strang, Hugh Innis . . Moore, Alvin Joshua . Charles, Henrietta MacMurchy, Norman Selwood, Frederick S.. Cameron, John S B. A., Toronto , M. A., Queen's , B. A., Toronto . M. A., Toronto. M. A., " B. A., Toronto . B. A., Toronto B. A, " B. A, B. A., B. A., Toronto . M. A., Toronto. B. A., Toronto . B. A, M. A,, Toronto. B. A., Victoria. . B. A., Queen's . . B. A., Toronto . . B. A., Toronto B. A., B. A, " B. A., M. A., Toronto. B. A, Trinity . B, A,, Toronto . B. A., B. A., B. A., Toronto . B. A., " B. A, B. A., Date of appointment. 1883 1891 1892 1892 1890 1892 1882 1889 1893 1892 1882 1882 1885 1891 1892 1892 1885 1889 1889 1891 1889 1891 1889 1885 1892 1889 1889 1891 1893 1891 1892 1892 1892 1890 1889 1891 1892 1893 1892 1873 1889 1892 1893 1890 1885 1883 1886 1889 1890 1892 1871 1880 1889 1891 1891 1893 S^'-y- 'expire. 1400 900 900 900 650 1300 950 900 800 700 1500 1200 i 1100 { 1000 750 i 750 ' 1500 1000 1000 900 600 650 1500 1000 1000 1000 700 700 600 1200 850 750 800 500 140tf 900 900 900 600 1400 1000 800 800 650 1750 1200 1100 1100 1100 700 1300 850 1000 800 600 600 $ c. 6010 84 7339 97 9083 01 m:. 236 181 342 Gael Ham 7034 44 8214 16 6062 39 8653 33 .6471 53 15304 69 10385 28 27» 36» Ingei Kin( 159- 17* 290 269- Lind Lond Mori 24a i as I of I. — Collegiate Institutes. Location. ir 236 181 342 Guelpb Hamilton 279 363- Ingersoll Kingston 159- 178- 290 269- Lindsay . London Morrisburg 24a Teachers. Davison, James Campbell, John Hill, Ethelbert Lincoln. . Robson, Jessie Holmes. . Charlesworth, JohnWm, Dobbie, William J Thompson, Robert Allen. Turner, John Burgess . . Paterson, Andrew Crawford, John Thomas Logan, VVm. McGregor.. Hogarth, Eber Septimus. Sykes, Wm. John Gill, James Brown, Oliver Jenison. . Elliott, Walter Herman . Davidson, Margaret C . . Johnston, George Lang.. Morgan, Sidney Albert. . Locheed, Lachlin Truman Asman, Henry O. E Degree. B. A., Victoria. M. A., B. A., Toronto . B. A., " B. A., Toronto . B. A., Queen's. . B. A., Trinity... B. A., Toronto . B. A., B. A., " . B. A., Victoria . B. A., Toronto . M. A., Victoria. B. A., Toronto . M. A., Victoria. B. A., London . Briden, William i B. A., Queen's Cornwell, Leslie J i B. A., Toronto Allen, Th(mia8G.. Phelps, Frances J Burgess, James Edward , Irvine, Wm. Henderson . Sliter, P^nest Oliver Dales, John Nelson . . . . Brough, Thomas A Pope, Fred<;rick John . . Harstone, John C Stevens, W. H Hardy, Edwin A Harrington, James T . . . Head, John Fit/.gerald, Eli/.a Sophia. Hillock, Julia S Merchant, Francis Wl'tr. Little, Robert A Gray Robert A Hotson, Ale.xander Radcliffe, Samuel J Ferguson, William C. . . . McClement, William T . Faskin, George R Wilson, Nicholas Andrus, Guy A Porter, Thomas Jones, Samuel S Hanson, Fannie M . . . . B. A., Queen's . B. A., Toronto . M. A., Victoria. B. A., Toronto. B. A. " M. D.', Western! H. A., Tdfonto. B. A., " M. A., (Queen's . B. A., Toronto . Jamieson, James S . . Whitney, William A Smith, Allan C . . . . Stafford, Joseph Kerr, Edith M Massey, Arthur M. A., Victoria. M. A., " B. A., Toronto . B. A., Victoria. B. 4,, Date of appointment. Salary. Total expenditure. M. A., Queen's . . B. A., Toronto . . M. A., Queen's . . B. A., M. A., Toronto. . B. A., M. A., Queen's . . B. A., Toronto . B. A., McGill... B. A., Toronto . . 1878 1886 1889 1892 1888 1892 1886 1885 1874 1889 1892 1892 1892 1802 1881 1887 1876 1888 1891 1890 1891 1886 1890 1892 1891 1892 1883 1888 1889 1889 1892 1887 1889 1889 1890 1879 1890 1893 1891 1886 1887 1880 1891 1892 1892 1892 1866 1888 1892 1892 1886 1882 1886 1882 1890 1891 1892 1300 800 950 800 700 600 1800 1400 1100 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 750 800 750 750 700 1200 1000 1000 800 1400 1000 1000 1000 950 800 1400 1100 1000 725 800 1000 900 2000 1200 1100 1100 1100 1100 1100 1000 1000 1000 900 900 700 1100 800 800 900 800 800 iS c. 9201 69 SCO • _a to gas ill 254 20103 39 686 4969 75 16» 7849 77 323 9269 89 373 16440 28 557 5934 71 232 84 I. — Collegiate Inbtitdtks. m w Hi Location. Teachers. Degree. Date of appointment. Salary . 1 Total expenditure. Total number of pupils at- tending. Napanee Heiiry, Thnmas McKee. Lang, Augustus IJdward Morden, (iilb't Walworth Collincr. Tames B. A., Toronto ..' B. A., Victoria . .1 B. A , Queen's . . B. A., Toronto . . 1890 1889 1890 1890 1893 1892 1 1881 ' 1884 • 1889 1890 1887 1892 1883 1887 1892 1892 1890 1881 1 1884 1890 1892 1892 1892 1891 1890 1889 1892 1892 1890 1890 1887 1889 1889 1891 18C2 1892 1889 1888 1891 1892 1892 1885 1890 1891 1891 1878 1887 1890 1890 1892 1884 1890 1890 18!)0 1891 1891 1890 1890 » i 1400 1100 1000 900 GOO 600 2150 1550 1450 1350 1260 1050 ia50 10.50 900 800 160O 1200 1100 1200 1000 1100 1100 700 1250 1050 900 800 850 1600 1100 1100 950 1000 900 800 1200 900 800 800 550 1300 1000 1000 950 760 1300 1100 1000 900 700 1.500 1100 1000 1000 800 900 800 « c. 10543 g6 30864 43 * 10182 70 6676 73 9056 49 14023 39 45498 14 5892 17 9281 26 272 Nicol, Margaret Smith. Masrcrie Ottawa MacMillan, John Jolliffe, Orion John McUougall, Alex. Hiram. Guillet, Cephas Scott, Colin A B. A., Toronto .. B. A., Victoria . . B. A., Toronto... B. A., Victoria . . B. A., Queen's . . B. A., Victoria . . 411 . Libby, Walter Wallace, James K .... Stothers, Robert Owen Sound.... Sidey, Thomas K Scott, Bessie M Levan, Isaac M Carrie, Mervyn Edward. Packham, Jas. Henry. , . Jenkins, \Vm. H Burgess, Herbert H . . . . Parker, Francis R Northwood. Arthur P . . Craicr. Minnie B. A., Victoria. . B. A., Toronto . . B. A., Toronto . . 438 B. A., Victoria. . B. A., Toronto . . B. A. , Queen's . . M. A., Toronto.. Perth Paterson, Richard Allan . Stevenson, Louis Hardie, William CrolL John A B. A., Toronto . . B. A., Victoria. . B. A., Toronto... B. A., B. A., Victoria. M. A., Trinity . . B. A., Toronto . . B. A.. " B. A., Victoria . M. A., Queen's . . 172 Peterborough . . Woods, Kmina Orilla Fessenden, Cortez Fife, James A 270 . Jeffries, John Drope, W Hear). Frederic Marty, Sophia O'Brien, Michael Ridgetown Little, John George Smith, Jas. Harvey . . Bald, Wm. Francis Willson, Annie Keillor. James B. A., Toronto .. IB. A., Toronto !. B. A., 223 Sarnia Grant, David M Campbell, Alexaider. . . Corbett, Lewis C Corkhill, EdwarJ Jas. . . Fottinger, Sylvia B. A., Toronto . . B. A., " B. A., " B. A., Queen's . . 300 Seaf orth Clarkson. Charles Crawford, Henry Job . . Prendergast, Wm Minus, James Edward. . Kirkman, Mrs. Barbara. Mayberry, Chas. Alex . . Taylor, Wilson Forrest, William Marquis, Thos. Guthrie. Addison, Margaret E. T. Malcolm. Georore B. A., Toronto . . B. A., B. A., B. A., Victoria.. 213 ^Stratford B. A., Toronto . . B. A. " b! A,,'M.D.,Tor. B. A., Queen's . . B. A., Victoria.. 349 Dickinson. Jas. Arthur. . » Location. Strathroy 11 St. Catharines . St. Mary's 138 172 270 St. Thomaa Toronto — Harbord St. Jameson Ave. 223 Jarvis St 213 349 85 I. — COLLEGIATK INSTITUTES. Teachers. VVetherell, Jainex Elgin. Gourlay, Richard Sinchvir, John Reynolds, Aaron K •Tones, Laura Lucinda. . Graham, Emma Degree. Henderson, John Robertson, Wm. John . . Mclntyro, l^lvan John. . . Gifiin, James Andrew . . . Walker, Francis A Norrish, Enos John Stevenson, Wm. J Martin, Stejihen Follick, Thos. Henry . . Riddell, Frank P Rice, John Clayton, Adelaide H. . . . B. A,, Toronto B. A., " B. A., " B. A,, Toronto M. A., Toronto. H. A., " B. A., " B. A., B. A., Toronto . M. A., Victoria. B. A., Toronto . Quance, Noah McGeary, John Henry. Marshall, J Packeuham, Wm Leitch, Thomas Galbraith, Daniel E . . . Spotton, Henry Byron. Hagarty, Edward Wm . Balmer, Eliza May Lawler, Gertrude Smyth, Thomas H Cox, John Loane Eldon, Robert Henry . Forfar, Charles Aubin, Alfred L Kennedy, Lyman A . . . Bruce, Edward Wesley. Enibree, Luther Edmund, Carruthers, Adam Smith, Gilbert Acheson. Riddell, George Ivanhue. Libby, Melanchton F. . . Millar, James Ryckman, Louisa L \V ismer, John A Spence, Nellie Nugeut, Wilbur W MacMurchy, Archibald Crawford, Wm. Glover. Manley, Frederick F Shaw, George Edmund. McEachern, Peter Grant, Wilbur McEachern, Neil Chase, George A Thompson, Charlotte E. ManMurv hy, Helen Thomas, Janie B. A , Toronto , B. A., Toronto , B. A., B. A., Queen's , B. A., Toronto , M. A., Toronto. B.A., B. A., M. A., " B. A., •' B. A., " B. A., Toronto . B. A., Oxon ... M. A., Victoria. M. A., Toronto. B. A , B. A., B. A., " B. A., Victoria. M. .\„ Toronto. M. A., Trinity . B. A., Toronto. M. A., Toronto. B. A., M. A., " B. A., " B. A., " Whitby Tamblyn, Wm. Ware Michel], VVilliam B. A., Toronto , B, A., " M. A., Toronto. Date of appointment. 1883 1892 1890 1890 1892 1892 1873 1874 1886 1892 1883 1889 1892 1889 1886 1885 1889 1891 1891 1888 1892 1890 1873 1S89 1891 1891 1891 1891 1891 1892 1891 1892 1892 1892 1892 Salary 1800 1050 1000 950 860 700 1(100 1200 1000 1100 700 700 650 1400 950 950 600 950 1500 1200 1000 1000 1000 700 2600 1500 1500 1500 1600 1500 1500 1000 1000 1000 1000 9 c. 7293 87 8391 24 5470 66 8738 35 40990 51 1888 2500 1889 1500 1889 1600 1890 1500 1890 1500 1888 1500 1891 1500 18K9 1500 1889 1000 1893 1000 30366 52 34G ill 361 267 352 611 466. 1872 1872 1874 1876 1880 1880 1885 1839 1874 1880 1882 1888 1892 2.500 l.nOO 1700 1500 1200 1500 1500 1500 1000 900 800 1300 750 23450 31 5745 91 G88- 20O 36 I. — Ojllkgiate Institutes. H. — High Schools. J iir Location. Whitby Wood stock Teachers. Hogarth, Georf^e Henry. Hamilton, Robert S Henderaon, Anson G . . . . Hunter, David Hamilton, Griffin, Albert Dyke... Lennox, Thos. Hodsrins. Kerr, Charles Staples. . . Fair, Caroline Fletcher, Win. Hugh Bell, Frederick H Degree. B. A., Toronto B. A., B. A., Toronto B. A., Toronto . B. A., " B. A., " B. A., Tnronto Date of appointment. Salary. ^ t 1890 900 1881 800 1881 900 1884 1500 1882 1100 1886 1100 1889 900 1893 900 1892 0,50 1893 600 Total expenditure. II. — High Schools. 7623 78 sag ft ^ 331 Brai Brig Cale •Cam Iff!' Alexandria Almonte , Arnprior Arthur Athens Aurora Beamsville Belleville Berlin Cowmanville . . Bradford .Tames Smith . Thomas, Louy. McGregor, P. Campbell. McPhail, Alex. C Ott, MinaE Parlee, Edith A. M., Aber . . B A,, Queen's Craig, Wm. Barclay.. Rutherford, Walter R. Clark, William Stevenson, Andrew Wright, Josephine Flach, UlysHes Jacob Passmore, Albert Daniel. Hayes, Charles Harrison, Louise M Redditt, Thos. H . . Hall, Walter A Simmons, James W Jardine, William W.. Ball, Kathleen Hester Wright, George Sills . . . , Milburn, Ed. Fairfax . . . MacRae, Jessie Carre. . . Knight, William W Clarke, Harry J Connor, James Wm . . . Forsyth, David Mueller, Adolf Sheppard, Fred. Wm. B. A., Queen's .. M. A., Toronto. . B. A., Toronto . . B. A., Queen's . . M. A., Toronto. . B. A., B. A., Toronto B. A., Toronto . M. A., Toronto. B. A., Trinity.. B. A., Toronto B. A., " Fenwick, Murray M. . . . B. A., Toronto Coates, Daniel Harsum Gilfillan, James Highet, Minnie E . , Gummings, Lizzie J. Waugh, John Potts, Helens McLean, Allan. B. A., B. A., "Victoria. . B. A., Toronto 1886 1892 1882 1892 1891 1890 1891 1891 1891 1891 1892 1890 1892 1893 1888 1888 1890 1892 1892 1893 1882 1871 1888 1892 1892 1870 1876 1877 1889 1887 1887 1880 1892 1893 1892 1891 1892 875 700 1100 750 650 575 1000 800 800 1000 600 1000 1000 600 650 1100 700 700 800 500 1200 926 600 800 600 1500 1200 1100 800 1300 1000 800 800 500 1000 550 700 1838 64 3747 16 2796 84 4115 47 5604 97 7690 90 1559 08 4463 64 6761 06 10194 66 2260 66 72 179 96 88 218 144 49 256 143 172 124 <:arl« €ayu Colb Corn Dese Dun< Duni Dutti Elora Essex Fergi Fores r ! -•■' I 87 II. — High Schools. a.ei S31 1 » 72 179 218 144 49 266 143 172 124 Location. Brampton . lirighton . . Caledonia . . 'Campbellford . . Oarleton Place. Cayuga .. Colborne Cornwall Deseronto . Dundaa Dunnville Dutton Elora Essex Fergus Forest Teachers. Murray, Alexander Fenton, William .1 . (Talbraith, Wm. Jas Lees, Richard Howard, Edwy S . . . Grey, J. W . . . Davis, John S. Street, J. Richard . Forbec, William B. Skeele, Jamea K . . Shields, Alexander M . . Jewett, Alfred E Haight, William A . . . Patterson, Wm. John . . , Nesbit, David Ashton . McKay, Donald McDonald, Neil Kinnear, Louis .. Stanley, T. E. A., Bellamy, J. Wesley ... Drewry, G Johnston, Wm. D . . Nugent, .Tames Crewson, Joseph W Cameron, Kate Croly, Jolin Edgar . Brown, Malcolm D Cooke, John A Robertson, George . Degree. A. M. , Aber . . . B. A., Toronto . M. A.. Queen's . B. A., Victoria. B. A., Victoria, M. A., Victoria. B. A., Toronto! B. A., Toronto . B. A., Queen's . M. A., Queen's , B. A. " , , b! a!,' Toronto" '. M. A., Toronto. B. A., B. A., Victoria. B. A., " B. A., Toronto . B. A., Victoria. Knight, Adolphus G — Walker, Duncan Breuls, Ira D Col beck, Franklin C . . . . Hill, Richard Panton, Agnes Skinner, Danl'. Spencer. Newman, George E Hume, Wallace C Snell, Joseph A , Ingall, Elmer E . Carter, Janie W. Crassweller, Chris. L . . . Nugent, Wilbur Wilkes, Lennox, Elizabeth E . . . . Perry, Peter Maudson, William H. Munro, Margaret K . . Crosby, Alonzo Cyrus . . Ross, Clarissa A. B McLean, Ebenezer M. . . B. A., Victoria. B. A., Toronto . B. A., Victoria M. A., Toronto. B. A., (,>ueen'8. . B. A., Toronto , li. A., Queen's , B. A., Toronto M. A., Queen's , B. A., 'Toronto , B. A., B. A., Toronto . M. A., Trinity M. A., Victoria. B. A., Toronto . Date of appointment. 1882 1801 1887 1887 1892 1892 1891 1887 1892 1893 1889 1886 1882 1892 1889 1890 1891 1888 1893 1892 1892 1886 1884 1888 1890 1890 1892 1890 1889 1891 1892 1890 1889 1891 1892 1893 1893 1893 1891 1891 1893 1888 1890 1891 1889 1893 1891 1892 1891 1892 Salary , ex|)ei « 1200 900 900 900 760 950 600 1050 750 700 1100 900 700 1000 760 700 650 900 700 900 600 1300 900 900 >m 1400 900 900 1200 700 500 900 750 700 500 1000 860 700 1000 050 500 1200 700 600 1000 660 600 900 550 650 j !|' Total i^ inditur<>, " =t, 111 III 4835 43 4899 92 3087 85 4629 99 4572 15 2173 81 2795 73 2314 50 6006 34 9 c. 6407 16 , 200 2014 60 79 2867 44 I ISO 3162 02 , 160 3546 61 213 1719 08 i 80 I 1817 76 91 171 118 120 128 i07 88 111 151 117 38 II. — Hiau Schools. ih Us- '. >:^ Location. GanatKxjue . . Georgetown . Glenooe Gravenhurst . Grimaby . . . . Hagersville . Harriston Hawkesbury . Iroquois Kemptville . Kincardine . , Listowel Lucan Madoc Markham ,. Meaford .... Teachers. Sm«llie, Win. K. T. JackMon, J(>H«4|)li A. . MttthcHon, John . . . . (■ibl>ard, Alex. Ilannu.. GooniliH, Albert Krriust. . Hoffgan, Ada K. K Wright, Katharine M. . . Freeman, John W. . . (lovenlock, W. M. • . Cloney, Hurah LouiHe WhiteHide, Carrie M. Sherin, Frederick. Moir, Kate K Hunt, William Horner. . Misener, Carrie McNicol, James Kaiser, Jesse B Howard, John F . . . McMurchie, James . . Schmidt, Otto L Mills, (ieor^e K Bingeman, Sylvia M. Mills, John Hudson . Miller, May Carman, James Addison. Carstairs, J. Stewart. . . . Knox, Robert H Dillabough, Ida F Cody, William Stephen Dillane, William Munro, Wm. Norman . Weidenhammer, Fred, . Perry, Samuel Walter.. G ray, James Graham, Robert G Faniuharson, Robert . . . Phillip.s, Wm. Alex ... Irwin, William Treleaven, John Wesley- Johnston, Frederick J . Mulloy, Clias. Wesley . McDonald, George L. . . Nelson, John Degree. B. A., Toronto , B. A., Victoria . B. A., Toronto B. A., B. A., Toronto ., B. A., M. A., Victoria.. B. A., Toronto . . B. A., Toronto . . B." A.", Toronto"!. B. A,, Toronto , . B. A.. M. A., Queen's . B. A., Victoria. . B. A., Toronto . , B. A., Toronto . . B. A., Toronto . . B. A., " B. A., Victoria. . M. A., Toronto. . B. A., Victoria. . B. A., Toronto . " bV A.', Toronto ". Watson, Alex. H. Muldrew, Wm. H. B. A., Toronto B. A., " Reed, George Henry . . Ireland, Wellington, W. I McArthur, Christina . Eby, Minnie B. A., Toronto . B. A., Toronto . Barron, Robert Armour. Mowat, Alexander Huff, Samuel B. A., Toronto B. A., " Date of appointment. 1882 18!)1 1892 1891 1892 1893 1892 1892 1893 1889 1802 1889 1891 1891 1892 1892 1891 1893 1381 1886 1891 1892 1891 1892 1886 18!K) 1893 1892 1884 1892 1891 1892 18JK) 1890 1892 1892 1892 1888 1892 1893 1890 1892 1891 1889 1891 1890 1890 1890 1893 1891 1892 1891 Salary, 8 1100 700 000 1100 UOO (WO ooo 1000 7ftO 600 600 8.')0 600 800 400 1000 750 650 1300 9.50 800 650 1000 550 1000 800 800 500 1100 700 600 600 1300 950 900 850 1000 800 600 600 1200 800 600 1150 750 1000 700 600 . 500 1200 800 726 Total ^ s-S exi>enditure. a*^ § Hit; 8 c. 2501 22 121 :^93 86 I 16» 3116 19 ; 160 1769 44 6r 1646 30 bT 8613 32 I 9L 4588 22 20» 1837 86 85 6197 90 16» 3259 30 19r 4007 21 16& 3972 10 3311 39 ; i:?0 2616 56 ; 95 3902 16 18& I 7046 41 10» In \ Mil Mo Nei Ne) Nei Nia Nia Nia Nor Oak Om Ora Onl Osh Pari Pari Pem 39 II. — High Schools. 91i 169 95 18& lOS ' Location. Mitchell . Mount Forest . Newburgh Newcastle Newmarket . . . Niagara Niagara Falls . Niagara Falls B Norwood Uakville Omemoe Orangeville . . . Orillia OshftTva Faria Parkhill Pembroke .... THacliers. Rlliot, William Homnrvillf, Thos, C. Black, Jamert S Hretliour, John llenry.. Snider, Kgerton Ebi-r . . . Harber, Klla Uri-ula .... Tucker, Geo. Laurence . . WilHon, Henry Langford Dandeno, Jos. Brown . . Robertson, Alex, Morton Davidson, Hugh. Smith, Margaret. Dickson, John Elder.. UolIingHhead, .Tohn K. Burgess, John A Cooke, Abraham B. Garnochan, Janet . To be opened in Septem Orr, Robert Kimball .... Owen, Thos. Arthur Pook, Annie Davidson, .Tohn . . . Garratt, Mina Campbell, Mary E . Wellwood, Nesbit J ... Lusk, Chas. Horace Page, Thomas Otway . . Orr, Alfred Degree, Date of *^"""" Salary : '^"'*' g2,| appointment. , '" expenditure, " xts B, A., Toronto ,, B, A., B, A,, Victoria, . H. A., B. A„ B. A,, Toronto . . M, A,, Queen's . . B. A,, Toronto B. A., Toronto M. A., Trinity ber, 1893. B. A,, Toronto . . B. A., Cambridge M,A.,LL.B.,Vio. B. A,, Toronto M.D B. A., Toronto. Steele, Alexander j B. A., Toronto Clark, Joseph Campbell. Moir, ^^a^y Ann . Hogg, John L.., Ryerson, Jesse ^IcConachie, Robt. G. , Thomson, I )avid Waterworth, Minnie D. Mackenzie, Mary . . . . B. A., B. A„ Toronto . B, A., Toronto , B. A,, B. A., Smith, Lyman C B. A., Victoria . , Slemon, Edward T I B. A,, Henderson, Margaret E , Panton, Jessie R. H Acres, Jonathan Wni. Armstrong, George H, Pugsley, Edmund . . . Bigg, Edmund Murney . May, William Fisher . . . Hitchon, Alice Rachel . . Hulliday, Harry , French, Frederick W. Green, Laura L B. A., Trinity . . . B. A., Victoria. . M. A , Toronto. . B. A., Queen's.. B. A,, Toronto . B. A., 1891 1871 1893 1887 1879 1892 1888 1892 1881 1891 1892 1S92 1893 1H82 1892 1879 1886 1857 1875 1890 1878 1886 1889 1891 1892 1893 1060 760 780 650 1400 800 550 600 10.50 750 720 700 700 1300 9.50 750 700 1100 700 700 950 760 600 1000 800 700 3090 29 2077 69 1766 93 4039 63 9004 22 4854 91 2995 33 2780 17 3017 31 115 67 233 179 200 108 119 143 ii n im m II. — High Schools. 11 Location. Petrolea . . Fioton Teachers, I Bell, John .TohiiHtone . . I Clyde, William i Montgomery, William.. Graham, Wm. Henry. . . Port Arthur. . Port Dover . . Port Elgin . . , Port Hope Port Perry . . . Port Rowan.. Prescott Renfrew Richmond Hill Sinicoe Smith's Falls. Degree. B. A., Toronto . M. A., Qufien'b . B. A., Toronto . B. A,, Dobson, Robert I B. A., Victoria . Rogers, James C I Rose, .Jennie | B. A., Toronto . Law, William H. . . Morgan, James M Simpson, .John . . . Seaton, Edward T. Lillie, John Turner Innea, Alexander R Auld, Charles Purslow, Adam Kirkconnell, Thos. A Lent, David H Galbraith, Robert . . . B. A., Victoria. M. A., Toronto. B. A., Victoria. M.A.,LL.D.,Vic. McBride, Di-.gald . Stone, George Spence, Frances. . . Laidman, Allan W Rose, R. Charles Race, Wilfred B. McPherson, Moses Walker, David McK. . . McDowell, Charles . . . Young, Robert Annia, Mary B. A., Victoria. B. A., Toronto . M. A., Victoria. Robertson., Neil . MacLean, /^Uan. Smithville. C'iiristie, ./as. Douglas.. Furlong, Thoa. Henry . . Bell, Walter N Lingwood, Frederick H. Houston, .John Arthur. . Anderson, Ed. Albert . . Beatty, Isabella Brown, Percy W B. A., Queen's . . H. A., B. A., Toronto . . B. A., Toronto . . B. 4 . Toronto .. M. A., Trinity . . B. A., Dublin ... Stirling Streetsville . . . Sydenham Tremeer, James | B. A., Victoria. Wickett, Maud I White, Jessie O I Reid, Joseph Kennedy, George McGregor, John O Weidenhammer, Wm . .Johnston, Jos. Reynolds. l'.irvey, Wm. Blakely.. .;)ouner, Mt rgaret Maria. M.A.,LL.B.,Tor. B. A., Victoria. . . M. A., Toronto. . B. A., (Queen's. . B. A., Queen's . Date of apj>uintment. 1888 1888 1889 1891 1880 1890 1892 1887 1890 189-2 1890 1889 1892 1891 1865 1888 1891 1892 1871 1883 1892 1892 1892 1893 1871 1889 1870 1893 1893 1893 1892 1888 1888 1890 1892 1887 1889 1892 1892 1890 1891 18J2 1885 1893 1891 1891 1892 1889 1889 Salary. Total expenditure. $ 1100 1050 900 900 1200 !)00 800 1200 1000 900 075 1100 750 600 1300 900 750 750 1400 8,50 600 COO 850 600 1000 700 1000 800 800 1000 600 1.300 750 750 500 12O0 900 500 500 950 500 500 1000 700 800 6:i0 1200 900 550 S c. 4095 83 4791 58 « 3209 41 1571 08 3750 75 4381 20 3331 60 2053 54 2045 49 2707 70 2081 66 2129 30 2015 29 3418 34 an tc o o *» H 168 211 68 60 165 187 156 60 90 l38 2208 05 66 3107 27 ' 186 3781 16 168 94 67 57 135 « 1 *J« Thor Tilso Toro Tren Uxbr Vank Vieni Walk Ward Wate Wate Watf( Wella West! \Viart Willi, Wind 41 II. — High Schools. CO 90 l38 66 186 168 94 67 57 135 Location. Thorold Tilsonburg Toronto Junct'n Trenton , . Uxbridge Vankleek Hill. Vienna . Walkerton Teachers. McCulloch, Andrew Walrond, Thoma^'J Reavley, Albert VV . ... Standing, Thomas W. . Robertson, John Charles Ooidge, Thomas Clarke. Eastwood, Ida Gertrude Little, David C. . . Longman, Edwin, Pattee, Ada Degree. Date of appointment. M. A., Queen's. . ' B. A., Toronto .. B. A., " ..j B. A., Toronto . . B. A., B. A., " .. B. A., Toronto .. Park, Henry George. . . Ferguson, Miles Nelson, Arietta Barr, Lydia Jamieson, Thomas. Sawle, Emily Might, Lincoln . . . . B. A,, Toronto .. B. A., Victoria . . Hicks, David Kilmer, Ernest Elgin Morgan, Joseph Elliott, John . . . (Jltvrk, Lutlier -T , McKay, Donald , Wardsville .... Waterdown . . Waterford Watford VVelland Weston Wiarton Williamstown . . Windsor Mackay, John Walinck,. Krick, Philip Kerniann.. O'Hagan, Thomas Closs, Frank David Armour, Amy Annette. Phillips, Sylvanus Brown, Harry Clapp, H Potter, Charks Shotwell, Willi(\m Henderson, Minnie , McCuaig, Herbert M. Lennox, .John Perry, Edith Elliott, Thomas E , . Doxsee, William M. Conklin, .Tames D. . . Da La Matter, Henry. . McCready. Samuel B.. B. A., Toronto M. A., Toronto. . B. A., Queen's. . . M. A., Edinburgh B. A., Toronto ..' B. A., Victoria. . li. A.,Torohto B. A., (Queen's.. B. A., Toronto . . B. A., Victoria . . B A., Toronto Williams, Chas. Wynne. McCormack, Joseph . . . Boyle, Joseph Sinclair, Anguo ... Bald, May Belle.... Cameron, John A. . Gavin, Frederick P. Climie, Jessie R . . . . B. A., Cambridge B. A., Queen's . . B. A., " ... M. A., Toronto.. I B. A., " .. 1877 1889 1886 1891 1892 1892 1892 1»«6 1891 1889 1888 1889 1891 1891 1889 1892 1892 1888 1890 1881 1890 1892 1880 1893 1891 1892 1891 1893 1892 1892 1893 1892 1891 1892 1891 1888 1889 1890 1893 1892 1892 1893 tjoio,,. Total ^"^■^'y- expenditure. B. A., Toronto 18^0 1000 1892 600 1892 tiOO 1875 1425 1892 900 1891 •MX) 1892 6.% 1893 90O 1100 750 900 700 1200 1000 800 1200 750 700 1000 750 500 500 850 575 650 850 700 1200 1000 800 600 800 550 900 650 400 1000 600 600 900 750 550 1100 850 .550 1200 700 :m 1000 two S c. 2481 62 1984 93 53 .i -.•3 te 80 3313 34 2268 26 1942 83 8287 03 1722 67 1610 21 3194 87 2673 39 22{)9 10 5404 78 82 133 4271 32 136 139 41 202 51 84 6407 36 104 130 105 65 205 4S DKPARTMENTAL EXAMINATIONS. PURPOSES. The origin and development of the system of examinations conducted by the Education Department may be readily understood by considering the general aims of written examinations. (1) Examinations furnish valuable aid to both teachers and students regard- ing the manner in which the work of the school should be taken up. They tend to give direction to the teaching, and to prevent faulty methods of instruction and a consequent waste of time and energy. They provide the teacher with a good way of testing the effect of his work, and the exercises in themselves fur- nish an excellent mental discipline for the students. If the questions assigned are of the proper kind tlie students ai-e intellectually benefited. Much has been said regarding the evil of "cram " in schools, but there is such a thing as good " cram " as well as bad " cram " in education. Most of the evils said to arise from examinations are th^ result of objectionable features that may be largely eliminated from a system of such written tests. The principal objections to written examinations are due to the holding of too many of them, to the setting of unsuitable questions, and to the employment of examinations, as the only tests of efficiency. It is held that a proper system of examination does much to im- prove the discipline of school or college, and that wherever examinations are ignored the morale of the institution will be found weak and the education in- ferior. In Ontario the aim has been, by making physical training compulsory, and by emphasizing the inculcation of high moral principles, to reduce to a minimum the possible evils of examinations, and to guard carefully their educa- tional value while utilizing them for other purposes for which their application is indispensable. (2) Examinations are serviceable as tests for the promotion of pupils. They are almost essential, but do not supply the only data for this purpose. In the schools of Ontario promotions are generally made by the principal, aided by the members of his staff. The principal and his assistants prepare their own questions, and hold examinations at the close of each term. The itromotions are not, however, based entirely on " percentages " gained at the final examinations. The daily, weekly or monthly class records are also taken into account, and to some extent the general estimate made by the teachers as to the pupil's industry and ability. Evidence of jyower and fitness to begin the work of a higher class is recognized as the main consideration in deciding upon the promotion of a pupil. The pupils in either a High or a Public School may be promoted from time to time and reach the highest form, on the recommendation of the principal, who is responsible for the organization of his classes. No pupil is obliged to take any examinations other than those proscribed by the principal, and parents are left free to have their children write or not at the Departmental or any other ex- aminations. It is found, however, desirable and expedient in practice to modify m tm ^ this feature of school organization in view of the third object of examinations, and the prevailing laudable ambition of students to win distinction and equip themselves for their intended callings in life. (3) Examinations are held for the purpose of granting certificates that have a qualifying or commercial value. These cannot be left to be awarded by the teachers or other local authorities of each school. To do so would furnish no guarantee of uniformity in standards, and without such uniformity the value of the certificates granted would be slight. The estimate of teachers may, however, receive consideration in special cases where a candidate, through sickness or other cause, clearly fails to do himself justice. Uniformity is secured by the system of Departmental examinations adopted for the entire Province. It is also found convenient for teachers in High Schools to utilize generally the Depart- mental examinations for purposes of promotion, and the regulations regarding the mode by which these are conducted have, moreover, in view the direction given to the teaching and their consequent educational effect upon all the pupils of the schools. In short, the aim of the systeni is to secure at the same time the three objects of examinations here mentioned, and to lessen, as far as possible, the evils that are said to be associated with tests of this kind. The method is practically a combination of the systems of admission to college by certificate and by exam- ination. The plan adopted in Ontario has greatly reduced the number of examina- tions. For instance, the High School entrance examination is conveniently used by Public School teachers as a test for promotion to the fifth form, and the High School primary and leaving examinations serve as promotion examinations to liigher forms in the secondary schools. Some years ago in Ontario each of the four or five univei'sities held its own matriculation examinations. The Law Society, the Medical Council, and the Divinitv schools had their own entrance examinations. There were besides, ex- aminations held for admission to Normal Schools and other training institutions for teachers. Dentistry, pharmacy and engineering each had its own tests for admission to a course of study for these professions. Wliat made matters worse was that the courses prescribed were not based on a common curriculum, the ex- aminations were held at different periods of the High School term, and pupils were •mder the expense, in most cases, of going from liome in order to write at any one of these examinations. This condition of affairs, so annovinfj to Hisrh School teachers in the orrrani- zation of their classes, has been entirely changed by having prescribed a uniform course of study fo." all the schools, by the adoption of a system of uniform examinations for the Province, and by the acceptance on the part of the »' 1-3 o m (2) Tho Minister of Education mny act in conjunction with the Senate of the University of Toronto in conducting tliese exiiuiinations by means of a Joint Board of the Education Depart- ment and University of Toronto, to be ai)|)ointod as soon after tiie 1st day of October in each ycitr as is practicable. (3) The Joint Bjard shall elect a clir^irniau from their numbar who shall retain his right to vote as a member of the Hoard. In case of any vaciuicy on the Board tho api)uinting body may fill the same for the remainder of the term. (4) The Board shall appoint Examiners to prepare the examination papers for the Depart- mental and I'niversity Matriculation examinations, hut such oxiiminors shall not exceed fifteen in number. The Board shall also appoint such Associate Examiners as may be necessary for the reading of the answer jiapers of the candidites at the said examinations. (5) The Examiners shall be selected from persons qualified by exi)erionce as teachers in either a university or a Higli School to set papers suitable for candidates at such examinations. (6) The Associate Examiners shall be selected from a list of graduates of Universities in the British Dominions actually engaged in teaching, such list to be furnished by the Minister of Education, and to contain the names of at least double the number of Associate Examiners retjuired. (7) No Examiner or Associate Examiner shall be appointel who is objected to by three out of the four representatives either of the University or of the Department of Education. DUTIES OF EXAMINERS. M The following shall be the duties of the Examiners : — (1) To elect at the first meeting a chairman from theirnumber, who shall retain his right to vote as a member of the Board. (2) To assign at. the first meeting the subjects of examination to the different members, and to arrange for having the mmuscript of the examination papers in the hands of the Minister of Education at such dates as he may fix. (3) To revise and approve of all examination papers and to assign values to tho ([uestions. The Examiners are jointly and severally responsible for the character of the (iuesti(jns in each of the papers. (4) To arrange in alphabetical order the names of the Examiners in each department at the head of each pai)er in that department, and to give, as far as possible, instructions to candidates in tho same form at the head of each pai)er. (5) 'I'o avoid, as far as posaible, (juestions that consist of numerous parts with different values for each part, (0) To use capital letters, A, B, etc., to denote the sections of the papers, and figures 1, 2, etc., consecutively through )ut, to mark the individual (juestions. To sp.ice in printing and to mark with letters (a), (6), etc., the several sub-sections under each number. (7) To place, as far as the nature of the paper allows, optional questions, if any, at the end of the paper. (8) To take tho general management of tho work of the Associ.ate Examiners, and to settle such (luestions connected therewith as may bo referred to them by tho chairmen of tlio sections (9) To assist tho Associate Examiners in each section in reading the answer papers and to report to the minister of Education and Joint Board the results of the examinations. (10) To settle the results of the exa.ninations in accordance with the standards and regula- tions of the Education Department and the Senate of the University resi)ectively. (11) To decide and report upon all appeals in conjunction with such persons as may bo ap pointed for that pur[)Ose. DUTIES OF ASSOCIATE EXAMINERS. (1) Tho Associate Examiners shall be classified into sections according to t':e subject of ex- amination. An Examiner shall be the chairman of each section, or, where an Examiner is un- able to act, such person as may be appointed for that purpose by tiie Joint Board. (2) The chairman of a section shall have general oversight of the work done thereby, and ahall spend so much of his time as may bo necessary in revising the work of his colleagues, with A view to remove clerical errors and secure practical uniformity in valuing the answers. 5 (E.S.) 5- 'ft-; I 46 (3) Before commencing the actual work of examination the associate oxaminers of each section shall spend sufiicient time in discussing tliu answers and reading answer papers j(jintly, to enable the members to arrive at a concensus of opinion as to tiie valuation of answers, especially of partial or imperfect answers. (4) When a section finds that the values assigned to the (juestions on the examination papers are unsatisfactory, or when it is evident that tlio Examiner has not followed the Course of Study prt'sciibed by the Education Department or by the Curriculum of the University of Toronto, it shall report through its chairman to the chairman of the Examiners or the pers(jt> acting on his behalf. (5) No Associate Examiner shall have in hand more than twenty papers at one time, nor ■hall ho have more than onu envelope oj)ened upon his table at one time, except in cases of suspected copying, in which case he shall return each sheet to its pro])er envelope. The papers shall be reUarned in the numerical order in which they wore received. In cases of suspected copying, the Asscjciato Examiner shall note on the face of the envelope " Copying, see No. question ." (6) One mark shall be deducted for each mis-spelt word and for each instance of bad Eng- lish from tlie murks obtained in each subject. At the Primary and the Junior Leaving Exami- nation in English Composition, an cs.say will be expected of about sixty lines in length, and at xhe Senior Leaving Examination of about ninety lines. (7) At all the examinations in Arithmetic, either arithmetical or algebraic solutions shall be accepted. (8) In rending the papers each Associate Examiner shall mark distinctly in the left-hand margin, the value assigned by him to each answer or partial answer, shall sum up the total on each page at the foot of the margin, and shall place the result on the face of the envelope, inoicating the ileductions for mis-spelt words and incorrect En<4lish thereon, thus, e. (/., History 80 — 2 sp. —4 f s.=: 74, and initialing the envelope of each pu^ r examined. (9) The hours of work shall be from o'clock a.m. to 12 noon, and from 2 o'clock p.m. to 5 p. 11. Examiners shall begin and stop work promptly, and shall abstain from all unnecessary conversation during working hours. The work of the examination shall be strictly confidential. (10) Associate Examiners shall be paid the sum of $6 per day, the payment being subject to the restriction that the whole amount paid for the examination shall not exceed the sum of $1.50 per candidate. (11) Associate Examiners who do not reside in Toronto will be allowed their actual railway expenses to and from their utual residences in Ontario. EXAMINATION PAPERS. (1) At all the examinations, each paper on the Latin, Greek, French and German authors shall contain, in addition to questions on passages from the prescribed texts, questions on pas- sages from works not prescribed but similar in style and of equal difficulty ; and the meaning shall be given of words not likely to have been met with by the candidates. The examinations in the " Sight-work " shall determine, not whether the candidate has read more than the pre- scribed tots, but whether he is familiar with the idioms and constructions niet in the prescribed course. (2) At the Primary and Junior and Senior Leaving Examinations in Poetical Literature, " Sight-work " shall also bo given ; but at the Leaving examinations the examination papers shall consist of three sections, two being on the prescribed texts, and the third on an '* unseen " passage ; of these. University candidates shall take the first and second, and Depsirtmental candidates the third, with one of the others i)rescribed by the examiners. (3) In tho subjects of Mathematics, English, and History and Geography the papers for pass matriculants either shall be distinct from those for the Junior Leaving examination, or shall be supplemented by (juestions specially adapted to the latter class of candidates. (4) At the Primary and Junior Leaving examinations the value of the questions on Gram- mar, in the paper on (Jrammar and Rhetoric shall be two-thirds of the value of the whole, and at the Primary examination the value of the (juestions in Algebra in the paper on Algebra and Euclid shall also betwo-thirds of the value of the whole. The questions in Mensuration are for the Junior Leaving examination only. (5) At the Senior Leaving and Honor Matriculation examinations in Botany and Zoology, the specimens for description and identification shall be sent from the Education Department where required, ar.d at the Primary examination in Botany they shall be provided by the Pre- siding Examiner. m ^ * (G) The subjects, number, and values of the p/ipors for the different uxauiinations shiUl bo as follows : — 1. Primary E.i'amination, English (Jramninr and Rhetoric Enj^lish Composition (Essay) English Poetical Literature... History and Geography Arithmetic, Mensuration, and Comercial Trans- ] actions J Algebra and Euclid Physics Botany Latin | French Gorman No, of paiiers. One Two — one on Authors and one on Composition and (irammur. Vahii^ of subject 2(X) 100 200 160 200 200 100 100 200 200 200 2. Junior Lenviny Exami nation , Engli.sh Grammar and Rhetoric. English Composition (Kssay) . . English ''oetical Literature . . . , History and Geography Arithmetic and Mensuration . . . , Algebra Euclid Chemistry Physics Latin French German Greek No , of i)apers. One Value cif suliject. 150 100 200 150 200 150 150 200 200 Two — one on A thors and one on Composition and Grammar. 200 20O 200 200 S. Senior Leaviwj Examination. English Grammar, Philology, Rhetoric, and } Prosody f English Composition (Essay) EngUsh Poetical Literature History and Geography Algebra Euclid Trigonometry Chemistry , Physics Botany Zoology Latin G'^eek French German No. of Papers. One Value of subject. * 200 Four .400 Two — one on Authors and one / on Composition and Grammar. J it 100 200 liJO 150 150 150 125 125 75 76 20O 200 200 200 jology, rtment le Pre- PRIMARY AND LEAVING EXAMINATIONS. (1) In addition to Reading, Drawing and theCommercial Course, the subjects of examination for the Primary Examination shall consist of English Grammar and Rhetoric, Englisli Compo- Bition, English Poetical Literature, History and Geography, Arithmetic and Mensuration, Algebra and Euclid, with Latin, or French, or German, or Physics and Botany. The subjects of examination for the Junior Leaving Examination shall consist of English Gram- 4S i'it I'll I i' ': ! I! - ; :| 1'^^'^ (Jeriuan, t»r Choiiiistry, l'liyHic», Itutany aiid Zoology. (2) Any ciuitlidato wlio obtiiiiis onci-tliird of tlio murks in each papor and oiio-half of the agyrogati) marks ohtaiiial)lo, sluill In; entitled to tliu certiticato for which ho has boon examined. (3) On'y thoso i'andiH aro oliyililo to writo at tho Junior Loaving oxamination who have passed tho Primary oxamination, or wlio havi;iy made the aggrej^ato marks reiiiiired, have been recommended by the I'liiiciiJal of tho Hiyh Scliool. (4) Any candiilato who has passed the I'rimary oxamination in Oral Ilea liny, Drawing, and tho Commercial Course shall, on tho recommendation of tho Principal, bo eligible to write at tho Senior Loavin>i examination without passing tho Junior Leaving oxaminatiuu or the rest of tho Primary examinatiijn. MATRICILATION EXAMINATION. (1) All candidates for Junior Matriculation shall take the pass subjects in Latin, Mathematics, Engli h, History and Geography, and in one of the followin./ groups : («) (ireek ; (6) French and (Jerman ; (cj French and either Phyaics or Chemistry ; ('/) (Jerman and either Physics or Chemistry. (2) The standard for pass shall be twemy-tive per cent, on each paper and forty per cent, on tho whole examination. The standard for honors shall bo for Second Class, fifty per cent., and for First Class, sixty-seven jjor cent, of tho aggregate of marks obtainable. The honor standing of each candidate shall be determined by the marks obtainai on both his honor and hte pa^s papers, and the names of honor matriculants shall be arranged alphabetically in each department. NOTICE BY CANDIDATES. (1) Every person who purposes to present himself at the Primary or Junior or Senior Leaving Exainination, or tho Matriculation Examination shall stmd to the Inspector within whose inspectoral division he intends to write, not later than the 24th of May preceding a notice stating the class of certificate for which he is a cuididato, and what optional subject or subjects he has selected. Such notice shall bo accompanied by a fee ot §j. (2) In the case of those candidates who apply for examination in one or two subjects only, for tho purpose of comploleing a course for pvss matriculation into any University or Learned Profession, a fee of §2 shall be charged, !?1 of which shall bo sent to the Department. (3) Where a High School is situated in a city or town constituting a separate inspectoral division, tlie Inspector of such city or town shall be responsible for the conduct of the examin- ation held thereat, and shall receive applications ii\m\ ititonding candidates, and report to the Department ; Imt in all other cases the County Inspector shall be responsible and shall receive the necessary ap^dications. DUTIES OF INSPECTOR AND PRESIDING EXAMINERS. Tho following .shall be the duties of Inspectors and Presiding Examiners: — (1) When the Inspector is unable to preside at tho examination, or where more examin- ations than one are held in his insjiectorate, he shall appoint, one month before liie examination, subject to the approval of the Minister of Education, a i)residing examiner who shall be a teacher in active service (competent to select the plants for tho Piimary Botany Examination); otherwise tho Minister will make the !i])pointment. When more rooms than one are required for the candidates, an Examiner (who shall bo a teacher in actual service) apjiroved by the Minister, shall be appointed by the Inspector for each room. The presiding Examiner shall indicate, in his report to the Department, the candidates who were placed in the several rooms respectively, and shall .ilso send a diagram of the room* on the form provided, showing the position occupied by each candidate and Presiding Examiner during the oxamination. (•J) Tho Insj)octor shall not appoint, as presiding Examiner, any teacher employed in a school from which there is any candidate at such examination, or any person who has taken part in the instruction of any of the candidates ; nor shall any person, except tho Exam- iner?, be present with the candidates, in any room at such examination ; and, at least, one Examiner shall be present during.the whole time of the examination in each room occupied by the candidates. \ i|! 40 (.'t) Every Iiispoo'or shall ■ond to tho EdiiiJiition Dopartinotit, not liv^er tliaii tho L'.'dli of May, a lint of the ciuilidates with $'\ of tlje foo i>f oa.'li, tho otlior 8 I l)niii.' sunt on tho sami' date to tlie Treasuror of tlio Iliuh or tho l'iil)lio School Hoard, as tho case may h.\ (4) Each Inspect t or such other pcraoii as may ho ap[>ointed l>y the Minister, shall himself, in person, receive from the Department, or the Inspeitor, tho examination papers, and shall thereupon he responsihlo for tin* safe keepuiL; of tho parcel euntainin^ the xame, unopened, initil tho mornin<^ of the tirst day of t)io exanunation. (")) \o presiding,' Examiufr shall admit any candidate, either as an additional candidate, or in the place of an ahsent one, whose notice has not h(!en duly Lfiven to the |)e|iartiiifnt ; no candidate who, in his notico t > the Dejiartment', elects to takt^ any sjtecilic o])tioi)ul suliject, will he allowed to snhstitute any other, and no candidate who has i,'iveii notice to the Depai'tuient of liis intention to he exaiuined at a specified place, will he allowed to appinr for examination else- where. 0») Tho Insiiector or presidiiijjf Examiner >hall tr.insmit to the Education Departmi^nt. on the first day of the ex.i uiiiation. a copy of ilu( fullowini,' ilecliration siL,'ued 1>3' hiiijself and the other examiners', (liut such declaration shall not he reipiind more than once from any Examier; : — " [ sojcnnly declare thtvt I will perform my duty i»f Hvnmiaer, without fear, favor, alF I'tion, or parti- ality towards any candidate." (7) Places shall he allotted to the c.vndidates so that they may he .at least live feit a])art. All diagrams or mips iiavini; reference to the sul)jejts of oximinition shall hj remove 1 fro ii llij room ; all arrantjemonts shall hj comple'^od, auil tho necessary stationery ilistributed at loa>fc fifteen ininu os before the time appointed for the coinmenconaont of the examination. (8) Punctually at the time appointed for the commencemont of each examination, the pre- eidinji Examiner shall, in tho examinati.)n room and in the presence of the (viiididates and other Examiners (if any), break the peal of the envelope eoiitainiuf^ the exjimination j)apeis, ami i^ive them to the other Examiners and tho candidates. The papers of only one subject shall bo opened at one time. (0) Should any candidate he det?ctetl in talkin<^ or whisperinj^, or in coi)jinf? from another or allowinij another to copy from him, or in havtni; in his ]> issession, when in the r«om, any books, notes, or anything from wdiich ho might derive assistancj in tho exainination.it shall be the duty of the Examiner, if he obtain clear evidence of the fact at the time of its occurrence, to cause such candidate at once to leave the room ; nor shall such candidate be permitted to enter during the remaining part of the examination, and his name shall be struck otl" the list. If, however, the evidence bo not clear at the time, or bo ol)taineil after the co!iclusi(jn of the ex- amination, the Examiner shall report the case to the Uepartinent. (10) Punctually at the ex[)iration of the time allowed, the Examiner shall direct the candi- dates to stop writing, and causj them to hand in their answer pipers immediately, duly fastened in the envelopes. (1 1) The Examiner shall keej) upon his desk the certified list of the candidates, aiul as each paper in any subject is handed in, he shall check the same by entering tho figure "I " op[)osito the name of the candidate, on the form provided. After tie? pipers are li mdi'd in the Kxaminer shall not allow any alterations to bo maile in them, and ho shall bj resiionsible for their safe keeping until transmitted to the Education Department, (jr placed in tlo liaads of the presiding Examiner. (12) The presiding Examiner, at the close of the examination on the last day, shall secure in a se[)arate parcel the fastened envelopes of each candidate, and on the same day shall forward by express (i)repaid) or deliver to tho Ivlucation Department the packa.ce containing all tlie j)arcel8 thus separately secured. The papers are to he arranged in tlie alphabetical order of the surnames of tho candidates. The Inspector or presiding Examiiier shall, at the same time, sign and forward a S(demn declaration that the examinations have been held and conducted iii strict conformity with the regulations, and fairly and properly in every respect ; and also a certificate that he has been satisfied as to the personal identify of each candidate. (13) At the Primary ex. iminition in IVitany the presiding Examiner shall himself provide the specimens to be submitted to the candidates, in accordance with si aled instructions from tho Education Department. (14) Two plants will be submitted to candidates at both examhiations one for examination and one for classification. The former shall belong to one of the prescribed orders, but shall not be one of those fully de-^cribed in the High School Botany ; anil in the classification of the other, candidates shall be allowed to use the text bo k. 50 f *"{(I6) H|)oc'm»iis of tlio plant diik f oiivoli>|ii) hIdiII I)i> Hunt by tliu prosidiii;^ Kxiiiiiiiuir to tliu Education Di^iartnu'iit witli tlie auHwor piipt'iH in Itutany. (10) At thu Senior Leaving and llonni' Matriculation tixaniinntiona, "Nlidus" will l)u Hont frnin lilt' iMliicatiiin Dcpartnutnt with Hpcciinuns fur uxaniination and claHsillcation, and tho proHidin^' Kxaniin r ia ri'ijuirtnl to arran^o tjiat each cundidato may havu tliu n-^o of a compound inicroHcopu for at luaHt twunty niinutus diirin;{ thu examiinttion in Motany and in /oolo^^y. DUTIES OF CANDIDATES. Thu fidlowin^ HJiall bu the dutiu» of candidates : — (1) Eich candidate bIiiiII BatJHfy thu presiding Examiner as to his ])er8 nal identity before tho connn(^ncement of tlie oecnnd day'H examination, and any person detected in attempting to perHonate a candidate sliall bo repurtod to tlie Department. (2) Candidates sliall be in theii' allotted places before tho hour apiiointed for the cominence- nient of Mi(M>xaiiiinatiiin. If a candidate be not present till after the a|)p<>inted time, lit* shall not bo allnwed any additional time. No candidate shall be iiormitted, on any |)ri'tence what- ever, to enter tho room after the oxp ration (.f an hour from the commencement of the examina- tion. (;<) No candidate shall leave the room within aiie linnr after tho diatribntiun of the exam- ination papers in any subject ; and if he then leave ho shall not bo permitted to return during the examination on nmh subject. (4; Every camlidate shall conduct himself in strict accordance with the regulations. Should he !j;ive or receive any aid or extraneous assistance of any kind, in answering the examination (piestions, or it he leaves his answers exposed so that any candidate may copy from liiiu, he will forfeit any certilicate ho may have obtained. Should the candidate have failed at the examina- tion ho shall be debarred for twoyears from writing at any departmental examination. (5) Every can * REMUNERATION OF INSPECTOR AND PRESIDING EXAMINERS. (1) The Treasurer of tho High School Board, on the certificate of tho Public School Inspector, shall pay all the expenses of tho examination, including tho sum of four dollars a day and actual travelling expenses, for the Inspector and Presiding Examiners. (2) If an examinati(jn is held at a public school, the Treasurer of the Public School Board shall, upon the order of tho Inspector, pay all the expenses of the examination. APPEALS. Candidates may claim to have their i)apors re-read upon tho following conditions : — (1) The appeal or claim must be in the hands of tho Minister of Education on or before the 15th day of S ptembor ; and the ground of tho appeal must be specifically stated. No appeal shall subsetpiontly be entertain-id on any ground wtiatovor. No appeal shall be allowed in the case of a candidate for a Specialist's Non-professional Certificate. (2) A deposit of two dollars must be made with the Department, which deposit will be re- turned to tho candidate if his appeal or claim is sustained. > o o H o O :/; w H H I— t w H O w J o ISp, 3)1 SI'ECI A LISTS' CKRTI FICATES. The ff)llo\vin<,' regulations also provide for examinntions in certain depart- )nent.s in order to enable teiielurs to (pifilify tliein.selv(;.s as ITif^li School Speeial- ists: — (1) CandidnhiH i\t (lie iioii-jirofi'ssidiiiil exfiniiiiat.iini fi>ra Cdniiiicrcifii Spcciiilist'H Cortilicafo will bo t!xaii)iiiv'(l in ■luiy of (^nuli year at thu Education l)i'|iartim'tit, Toronto ; candidateH fur all other SpcciHlists' CertiticalL-s, in May of each yeiir at tho ' ni versify of T.irot.to. (2) Evi;ry jicraon dcsiiiu!; to jirencnt hiiriHidf at tho examination for a Mp(!(;ialist'9 (HM'liticato shall notify tho Education Di j;.n tnient on or before the l^t of Apiil in each year ; such notico to bo accoinpanieil liy a fee of §5 for each oxaininutton, witli a .statement Hhewiiijj; the optional course selected. (;j) The examiiiations for SpecialistH' Cert ilicntrs and the Scnir)r [.ea\int,' ('eitihcate may be taken in an V order the oandidat'! selects, but the S|)i;t'ialist"s (Jertilicati; shill not bi ;^ranted until he has [)assed tho examination |)r(?Hcr{bod for the Sfuiior liiiavin,' ('ertiricate. The Hubjects lircHcrilied for S[)ccialist.s' Cortliicates in tho '>partnient, at on'i oxaminaiion. (4) Tho standard for a Specialist's Certificate shall bo one-third of the ;n irks obtainable in each paper, and sixty-seven ])er coiit of tiie total of the marks fjbtainablo in tho paiiers on tho prescribed subjects. (5) Tlie course of s'ndy fici» of iho s(!Cond and thinl years of the (Jhemistry and Mineraloi^y ('oursc ; or the honor course in (^'lieniistry and Mineralo^'V of ihi: St ( (ind yc.ir with tho I'hysics of the thii'd year of ihe same Course and the liicdoLry of tho second year of the Natural Scieiicii oourstj. (()) The course of study for a certiticate as a (,'ommi'riial ^piicialist shall be as follows : — Precis of corrcspoiideiict!, departmental papiers, etc. ; iudoxiir^ of invoices, recoip's, (Correspond- ence, and lej^al ijocumonts. I'e?imanshi[) and tlie principles of I'linmiiiship ; Practical IJook- keepin;^ in all its branchts -particularly tho Mook-keepint^ of Joint Stock Ciuiipanies, Loan and SaviiiL's' Societies, Manufacturini,' Industries, and .Municipalities, auijitini; of I'ooks and .\ccounls. The l{iinkiii<,' systcuii of the rountry and its relation to commerce ; annuitii's and exchan<{«. Th(> " coiiesp'jndin<( style ' of Isaac I'itmuns system of I'iiorioj^raphj ; writ ir/ from dictation. The .'ruifiio iirescribtd for tlu! .\it !-(liool (xaminaiion in l''rei'band ; I nilii-it i;h1 ; Primary at'il AiUaiiced < ieomelry ; Parallel, An;,'ular and ()lili.|Ui' I'eispect ive ; .Mold, l)lack- boanl, and Memory Drawing. I NIVEKSITY EQUIVALENTS. (1) 'I'he staiidiiif^ I f the fourth yoAV in Arts after a rei,'ujiir course in any (•haileifd rni\fr- sity in the liritisli Uo iiinioiis will be .icceiited in lieu of tho Senior Leavint; E.\.uniiiation. ('_') The exam nation of any I iiivccrsity in the Pro\iiice i/ Ontario will Im; acci'i ted by tho Education Depa' cniet'i for a Sjiecialisls Certilicate on tho fidlowmg conditions : (/() C""i('.idat( 8 shall take the regular University examinations ; no special or supplemental examinatii au will bo acceptt.'d. m (b) Each candidate shall submit to the Education Department, with his application, a copy of the time-table of each examination, and of the examination papers on which lie wrote, both being certified by the Registrar of the University ; a confidential statement from the Registrar of the University, of the marks obtained by the candidates ou each paper, and of such other marks as may have been awarded him at each oral or practical examination. (c) Should the standard set by the University be higher or lower than the Dejjartmental standard, the Education Departmoiit shall value the papjrs as it may consider necessary. ME Em EXAMINATION OF 1892. Primary : No. of candidates examined 4,08! " " successful 1,448 Junior Leaving : No. of candidates examined 1,701 " " successful 807 Matriculatiun : No. of candidates examined 570 " " awarded full Matriculation certificates 202 " " succeeful at partial examination 131 Double Exam. (J. L. (t Mat.) : No. of candidates examined 61 " " failing in J. L., but passing in Mat 8 Senior Leavituj : No. of Candidates examined 343 " " successful 155 Clcii f i Mat .Pi vei MEMBERS OF THE JOINT BOARD AND BOARD OF EXAMINERS, 1892-3. Under Statute No. 227, of the University, approved by His Honor the Lieutenant-Govei'nor in Council, the following gentlemen were appointed mem- bers of the Joint Board for 1892-? :— Phy^ By the Senate of the University. The Hon. Edward Blake, M.P., Q.C., Chancellor. WiJliam Mulock, Esq., M.P., Q.C., Vice-Chancellor. James Loudon, Esq., M.A., President. John Galbraith, Esq., M.A., Principal, School of Practical Science. By the Minister of Education. John Millar, Esq., B.A., Deputy Minister of Education. John E. Hodgson, Esq., M.A., High School Inspector. John Seath, Esq., B.A., High School Inspector. Henry B. Spotton, Es(| , MA., High School representative on the Senate. 53 MEMBERS OF THE BOARD OF EXAMINERS APPOINTED BY THE JOINT BOARD. English, Histonj and Geograj)ky — W. J. Alexander, Ph.D. J. E. Bryant, M.A. F. H. S^vkes, M.A. X. J. Bell, Ph.D. W. Dale, M.A. W. S. Miiner, B.A. Mathematics — A. R. Bain, LL.D. A. T. DeLuiy, B.A A. C. McKay, B.A. French and German — J. Pech, M,A. J. Squair, B.A. A. H. Young, B.A. Physics, Chemistry and Biology-- C. A. Chant, B.A. E. C. Jeffrey, B.A. A. P. Knight, M.D. F. N. NUDEIs Registrar, and Secretary to Boards. 54 THE TRAINLXG OF TEACHERS. fiENERAL CHARACTERISTICS. V ' l \ One of the most valued features of tlie system of Eilucatioii in Ontario is the extensive provision made for tlie training of teachers. Every position from the lowest in the Kindcrrrarten to the highest in a Colleiriate Institute must 1)0 filled by a trained teacher. No teacher of a High or Public Scliool receives a permanent certificate who does not pos.sess qualifications of a three-foM nature — (1) scholarship, (2) a knowledge of pedagogical principle-!, and (8) success shown by actual experience. Among educationists it is now fully admittesumed that the different grades of schools — Kindergartens, Public Schools and High Schools — require teachers of different ijualifications whose professional attainments should be 66 gained at institutions specially providcnl in each case for the purpose. With this view there have been established in Ontario the following training schools for teachers : — (1) Kindergartens, including the local schools of this kind where the training is given for Assistants' certificates, and the Provincial Kimlorgartens connected with the Normal Schools where the training is given for Directors' ci rtificates. (2) County Model Schools where all Public School teachers receive their first professional training and from which Third Class certificates valid for three years are awarded. (3) Provincial Normal Schools for the further training of Public School teachers who desire to obtain Second Class certificates, and wliich are valid for life. (4) The School of Pedngogv for the training of th^^se who desire to obtain cei'tificatcs as first class Public School teachers, Assistant Hiffh School teachers and Specialists in one or more of the six departments of Classics, Mathematics, English, Modern Languages, Natural Science and the Commercial (Jourse. The School of Pedagogy also gives the pi'ofessional training which, with the necessary scholarship and experience, enables its graduates to obtain subsequently certifi- cates as Public School Inspectors or Principals of High Schools and Collegiate Institutes. I. KINDERGARTENS. A young woman who desires to become a regular teacher in a Kindergarten must take one year's training at any local school of the kind which has been established by a Public School Board. If she is intelligent, fond of young child- i'en and ready to read up such literature as bears on her work, an extensive preliminary course at a High School is not essential, but she will be all the better qualified by having first attended one for three or four years. After the year's training an examination must be passed, conducted by the Education Department, but the certificate gained only qualifies to teach as an Assistant. The holder of such a certificate becomes, however, eligible to attend either of the Normal Kindertrartens at Toronto or Ottawa and a vear's additi<)nal cour.«e there is required in order to obtain a certificate as Director. This certificate qualifies her to take charge , of any Kindergarten established by a Board of Public School Tru.itees. In 1892 the number of Directors' certificates awai'ded was 45, and Assistants' certificates .34. The following Regulations have been prescribed regarding Kindergartens : — (!) No person shall be appointed to take chari^e of a Kiiulert^arten in which A.ssistant teach- ers or teiichera-iu training are employed, who has not passed the examai'.ination prescribed for Director of Kindergartens ; and no person shall be paid a salary or allowance for teaching under a Director ■,vho has not passed the examination prescribed for Assistant teachers. 67 (2) No candidate shall I'o admitted to the course of traiiiin<; pre8cribeout lour months — from Septend)er to l^ecember. The time of the teachers-in-training is taken up with (1) observation of the work done by the regular teachers, (2) practice lessons given to the classes or to sections of a class, and (3) criticisms, discussions of methods and lectures by the Principal on pedagogical principles. A Third Class certificate 'n valid for only three years, and if the holder has by that time no higher non-professional attainments than a High School Primary certificate, or if lie has not been successful in teaching, he is not eligible to enter a Normal School, and may be obliged t*o retire from the profession. This -regula- tion is based on the ju'inciple that u life certificate should be given to no teacher until he is tried by the only true test — that of experience. The object is to pre- vent incompetent persons from holding positions, and by offering their services at low salaries, shutting out cnei-getic teachers ami injuiiag the schools. It was intended that as far as possible Third Class teachers should bj Assist- ants, and the intention has been observed in cities and towns, but the supply of Second Class teachers is not yet sutHcient to confine Third Class teachers to subordinate positions in rural districts where there is often only one teacher in each schov)]. It is however (piite common for Third Class teachers to have passed the Junior Leaving or even Senior Loaving examination before attendinfif a County Model School, and the good education thus gained by a three or four years' previous attendance at a High School or Collegiate Institute gives even to rural schools a class of young men and women earnest in their work, deter- mined to rise in ))ublic e,-, imation, and Avho, in spite of too prevalent a tendency to make teaching a stepping stone to .some other [trofession, have generally a fine intellectual an^ moral influence upon the youth committed to their care. The following Regulations have been prescribed for County Model Schools: — The e.xiiiiiiiuition for Third Class certificates sliall lie condiicti'.l by the County Board of Exiuniners, which shall have autliority to elect its own chauiiian and secretary. JS'o Principal cf a County Model Schnol .siiall he a uienil)er of the County Board of Exiniihcrs. The secretary shall l)e paid such renunieration as may be approved by the County Council. KSTAliLlSllMKNT. (1) The Board of Exanntieis for any co'-nty niiiy. with the approval of the Education De- partment, set apart any I'ublie School to '.e a County Model School for the professional training of Third Class teachers on the f(illo\vi>'g conditions : — (a) The Principal shall hold a First Class Provincial Certificate issued by the Educational Department, and shall have had at least three years' experience as a Public School teacher. y. 5 ;3 (i (K.i :; m 69 (l>) There shall be not fewer than three nssistimtB hoMin;^ at Ijnst Sfcond Ciiiss Provincial Certilicates. (c) The ei|uipniunt of the school shall he ecpial to that rei|r.irod by the lle<,Milation8 for the Fourth Form of a Public School. ((/) A room for Model School purposes, in addition to the accommodation reijuired for the Public School, shall bo provided either in iho same buildinc; or e(|unlly convenient. (i) The Principal shall bo relieved of all Public School duties, Vxcupt manayemont, durini,' the Model School term. (2) The County Board of F\ MuintTs shall distribute tlio toachors-in-trainini,' anum^ the difl'oroiit Model Schools, whore 'i >rd schools than on4 are establisiiod in (i county ; and, in caHos where there may bo a dt'ticiency ■( room in any Model School, the lioaiil shall }.;ivu tlie profcr- encc of admission to hucIi as have obuuned the highest numi>er of marks at the non-prolessional examination. (}J) The l'»o!ird of Trustuos for any city may, with the approval of the Minister of Education, ostabliah a Modol School for the training of teachers who are residents of such city ; iimi in all cases such tcachers-in-traiuing shiill during the first term, take the course of stiuliis proscriliud for Model Schools and be subject to a similar inspection and examination. (4) Hoards of Trustees may impose a fee of not more than tivo (lollars on each teachor-iu- f raining, and in addition thereto the County Council may impose a fee on eacli teacliei in-train- ing not exceeding two dollars as an oxaminatiice of school, if any, shall l)e received by the Inspector not later than the 2r)th of August ; liut no person shall be admitted who will not be eighteen years of age tm oi- liefore the close of the term. (2) The teachers-in-training shall attend regularly and punctually from the first day of Sep- tember till the final examina!:ion in December, and shall be subject to the discipline of the Prin- cipal, with an appeal in case of dispute, to the Chairman of the County Board of Examiners. (3) The teachers-in-training shall make no presentation t(j any meud)er of the Model School staff. * (HirKSE OF .STl'DV AND TEXT BOOKS. The Course of Study in County Model Schools shall embrace the following : — A course in School Organization and Management based on Baldwin's Art of School Management (Canadian Edition), and Methods of Instruction in all the subjects prescribed for Forms I. -IV. of the Public Schools ; such practice in teaching as will cultivate correct methods of presenting subjects to a class and develop the art of school government ; a course in Temjierance and Hygiene, based on the Manual of Hygiene for Normal and Model Schools, omitting ch.ipters T., VII., \'lll., IX., and XVI.; a knowledge of the School Law and Regulations, so far as they relate to tiie duties of Public School teachers and ])upils ; Music, as prescribed for Forms l.-l\'. of the Puldic Schools ; Drill and Calisthenics, as contained in Houghton's Physical Culture. K.XAMIN'ATtONS. (1) The teachers-in-training shall be subjected to an examination in Practical Teaching dur- ing the last week of the session, and also to a written examination on jiapers prepared by Ex- aminers appointed by the Minister of Education, the results of which, on the percentage fi.ved by the County Board of Examiners, and the report of the Principal on tlie standing of each student as shewn by the register, shall determine their final standing. (2) At the final examination each teacher-in-training shall teach two lessons of twenty minutes each, one of which shall be assigned the ^ f^. ^> >^ >^ Photographic Sciences Corporation 23 WEST MAIN STREET WEBSTER, NY. 14580 (716) 873-4503 L(? vV f^^ 60 The Rniil examination of each County Model School shall be condix'ted h} the County Board of Examiners on the following suhjucts and in accordance with tlie following schedule of inarkR : Methods of Instruction, 250 marks ; Theory of Education, 150 marks ; Tem|it'rance and Hygiene, School Law and Regulations, Music, Drill ami Calisthenics, 50 markH each : Teach- ing ability 500 marks— 250 by the Hoard and 250 by the Principal (report based on the practical work done in the Public School and the sessional answer papers on professional work). In the first four subjects, ])apers will be submitted by the Education Department. In Music, and Drill and Calisthenics the Hoard shall accep'. the results of an examination held by the Principal, or shall conduct a special examination, as it may deem expedient. The Hoard shall have power to reject any candidate who may show himself deficient in S'holarship. TIIIKI) (LASS CKKTIFICATES. (1) When a Third Class Certiticato has expired, the holder thereof may, on passing the High Schocd Primary Exam nation, or an examination of a higher grade, and on proof of good chHra:;ter and «>f efficiency as a teacher, obtain from the Hoard of Examiners of the County in which he ha» last taught, a renewal of the same for a period not exceeding three years, at the discretion of the Board. (2) Where the holder of an expired Third Class Certificate, though failing in one or more subjects, obtains the aggregate marks rei(uired at the Primaiy Examinations or Junior Leaving Examination, the Hoard of Examiners may, if 8;itiBfied with the efhciency and aptitude of such candidate as a teacher, renew such Third Class Certificate for a period not exceeding three yet^rs. (3) Where a teacher, on account of illness or any other reason satisfactory to the Board of Examiners, was prevented from teaching on his certificate for the full time of its duration, the Board may extend, by endorsement, such certificate for a period not exceeding the time such teacher was unable to avail himself of his certificate. (4) In case of an emergency, such as a scarcity of teachers, or for any other special cause. Third Class Certificates n>ay be extended by the Minister of Education, on the joint request of any Board of Trustees and the Public School Inspector ; but all such extensions shall be limited to the school on whose behalf the request is made, and shall be granted only where it is show that trustees have used reasonable diligence to obtain a duly qualified teacher. H o O H h4 .J O O o 99 o n o OS . I" Gl LIST OF COINTY MODEL SCHOOLS. Name of School. 1 AthonB 2 Barrie 3 BeaiDHville 4 Berlin 5 Bracebridxe 6 Brampton 7 Bradford 8 Brantford i) Galed >nia 10 Chatham . . '1 Clinton 12 Cobourg 13 Collingwood 14 Cornwall 16 Durham 16 Elora , 17 Forest 18 Gait 19 Gananoque 20 Goderioh 21 Hamilton 22 IngersoU 23 Kincardine 24 Kingston 25 Lindsay 26 London 27 Madoc 28 Meaford 29 Milton 30 Minden , 31 Mitchell 32 Mount Forest . . . . 33 Morrisburg 34 Napanee 35 Newmaiket 36 Norwood 37 Orangeville 38 Owen Sound 39 Parry Sound . . . . 40 Perth 41 Picton 42 Plantagenet 43 Port Hope 44 Port Perry 45 Prescolt 46 Kenfrew 47 Richmond 48 St. Thomas 49 Sarnia . . . . 50 Simcoe 51 Stratford 52 Strathroy 53 Toronto 54 Toronto J unction . 55 Vankleek Hill ... 5ti Walkerton 57 Welland 58 Whitby 59 Windsor 60 Woodstock Name of Principal. Average G. Sharman . . . W. J. Hallet A. E. Caverhill .T. Suddaby G. H. Thomas Arthur L. Merrill, B.A. A. Orton W. Wilkinson, M.A. ... R. Thompson W. U. Simmons W. K. Lough A Barber K. Ward .T. Connolly T.Allan R. Shepherd T. A. Reid R. Alexander >F. C. Linklater R. Park . . S. B. Sinclair, B.A H. F. McDiarmid F. C. Powell R. K. Row G. E. Broderick R. M. Graham E. Richardson A. Jordan H. Gray C. S. Eggleton C.W.French S. B. Westervelt W. B. Kayler J. Boweiman W. Rannie C. N. Callander M. Ariiistrong T. Frazer •T. A. Cuinniings M. M. Jaciues R. (ireenfeen P. Chenay, M.A F. W ood A. M. Rae C. McPherson E. N. .lory W. J. Simpson N. M. Campbell A. Wark I. Rowat .1. R. Stuart T. Dunsmore L.J. Clark W. Wilson E. T. Hoidge E. .T. Rowland S C. Woodworth J. Brown A. Wherry S. Nethercotl Salary. A.,.^i„,„j Number of (For 1892.) Api^inted. ^^^^^^^^ 700 1,000 700 1,000 660 850 760 1,275 700 SOO 825 800 1,000 875 676 600 776 1,000 900 900 1,400 900 850 1,100 1,000 1.0.50 760 650 760 500 826 700 750 800 800 700 760 1,000 750 925 '.too 1,100 1,000 800 1,000 760 600 1,000 860 800 1,000 850 1,450 800 600 850 800 900 860 900 854 1888 1893 188(> 1879 1885 1893 1888 1872 1893 1891 1884 1885 1881 1892 1888 1892 1891 1876 1888 1889 1887 1885 1877 1885 1888 1891 1892 1890 1882 1889 1893 1877 1892 1879 1877 1891 1885 1883 1891 1884 1886 1889 1886 1877 1881 1891 1888 1877 1877 1889 1887 1882 1888 1886 1892 1893 1890 1876 1891 1893 Total . 26 23 14 11 16 14 24 20 20 31 27 13 24 16 16 11 17 23 5 19 36 8 26 34 29 32 28 16 12 10 25 29 16 30 19 23 21 26 30 40 23 40 26 13 16 43 17 31 12 19 43 32 18 24 17 27 20 18 10 17 1,323 lir. NORMAL SCHOOLS. To havi! a peniianent license to teach in a Public School it is necesisary to obtain at least a Second Class certificate. This certificate can be secured only by teacheis who have attended the Normal School and pas-sed an examination at the clo.se of the session. This examination, which is both written and practical, is conducted by Inspectors appointed from time to time by the Minister of EducJi- tion. In addition to these tests a favorable report from the Principal of tlie Nor- mal School is also essential. Two Normal Schools, with large Model or Practice Schools as adjuncts, have been established, one in Toronto and the other in Ottawa. There are two sessions each year and only those students are admitted who have pas.sed the High School Junior Leaving examination, and who have, as reported by the In-spector under whom they have served, taught succesbfully one year as Tliird Class teachers It is customary, however, f#r the students to have taught two or three years before being admitted to the Normal School. With this experience in their own schools after having had their preliminary professional training at a County Model School and with the scholarship gained previously by three or four years' attendance at a High School or Collegiate Institute, the teachers-in-training of the Normal Schools occupy valuable vantage ground in the acquisition of pedagogi- cal knowledge and profes.sional skill. In order still further to confine their atten- tion during the .session to practical work and the discussion of principles and methods, a preliminary entrance examination must be passed on most of the books prescribed for the course. The work of the ])upils of the Model Schools is in harmony with that of ordinary Public Schools and several of the early weeks of the .session are partly employed by the Normal School students in observing the teaching done by the regular teachers. Subsequently they are required to take charge of the Model School classes under the immediate direction and criticism of these teachers and with the advantage of lectures from the masters of the Normal Schools on Psy- chology, the Science and History of Education and the application of the general principles of Pedagogy to the methods of instruction peculiar to each branch of study. An nnpo.'tant aiui of the Normal School course is not to train teachers to become imitators, but rather to encourage individuality and self-reliance, not to cause them to become mechanical or the slaves of methods, but to lead them to understand the principles upon which all good teaching and school manage- ment are ba.sed. About 100 students attend each Normal School every session. The following are the Regulations that have been prescribed for the Provin- cial Normal and Model Schools : — (1) Teachers who hold at leiist a Hi^h School Juuior Leaving certificate, and who have pitssed the final examination of tlie Cunnty Model School and taught successfully for one year, k at • •• are To d" oxs tiiii by Oil Te. Te Ctl Mi (,:i shnll )>e adinittetl to a Normal School, and on pasHiii^ the examinationB preaciihod rliall bo Hwarde MASTKll, (1) The Principal shall be responsible for the discipline and organimtion of thfl Normal School students ; he shall prescribe the duties of the i>IaHters, subject to the approval <>f the Minister of Education ; !ie shall cause such sessional examinations to be held as he may deem necessary, and shall kee]> a record of the same : he shall give such directions to the officers of the Normal School as will secure the efiiciency of the service. {'i) The Masters shall bu responsible to the Principal for the discipline and general progress of their classes ; they shall re|M)rt monthly to the Principal the standing of each teacher-in- training in the subjects of their departments, and daily, the absence of any student from their classes. KITIES OK TKAtllKU.S-IN-TRAININO. (1) Teachers-in-traihing shall lodge hnd board at such houses only as are approved by the Principal. Ladies and gentlemen shall nut board at thu same housu. Communication between the sexes is strictly prohibited, except by permission of the Princii>al or one of thu Masters. (2) Teachers-in-training shall attend regularly and punctually throughout the sessicm, und shall submit to such discipline and perform such duties as may be prescribed by the ]*rinci|)al, (5) The teachers-in-training shall make no presentation to any member of thu staflfs of the Normal or the Model Schools. V AXI> TEXT-IIOOKS. (1) The course of study and training sh<»ll be as follows : — History of Education ; Science of Education ; School Organization and Management ; Methods of teacliing each subject on the progranmie of studies for Public Schools ; practice in managing classes and in teacliing in the Model School ; instruction in Temperance and Hygiene, Agriculture, Reading, Writing, Diaw- ing, Music, Drill and Calisthenics, and such other subjects as may be prescribed by the Minister of Education. (2) In addition to the books prescribed for forms L-I v., of Public Schools, the following are authorized for Normal Schools : McLullan's Applied Psychology, Fitch's Lectures on Teaching, Manual of Hygiene, Houghton's Physical Culture, (Quick's tducational Reformers (International Educational Series, 18{K) Edition.) ^I EXAMINATIONS. (1) Teachers-in-training shall take the following examinations : (a) At least two written exandnations conducted by the staff of each Normal School on the work of the session ; (6) a final written examination conducted by the staffs 'of the Normal School and Examiners appointed by the Minister of Education, in the History of Education, the Science of Education. School ( )rganization and Management, and Methods of Teaching ; (c) a final examination in Practical Teaching, conducted by Examiners appointed by the Minister ; and {d) a final examination in Temperance and Hygiene, Agriculture, Reading, Writing, Drawing, Music. Drill and Calisthenics, conducted by the staff of each Normal School, unless otherwise ordered by the Minister of Education. fl w 64 11 ttiucliur tioii each (2) Tliu folldwiiig Bcliui) {h) and (r) ; and (c) one third of the marks in each subjtct ut the final examination in Temperance and Hygiene, Agriculture, Reading, Writing, Dr&wing, Music, anJ Drill and Calisthenics, with one-half of tho aggregate marks in these subjects. Any candidate who obtains fifty per cent, in each subject and seventy per cent, of thit ag!;regate shall be entitled to a certificate wich' bcmors. The Examiners shall have power to reject any candidate who 'uay show himself deficient in scholarship. a' - ■ ! = IXSTRUtTIONS T(> KXAMI.VKKH. .At the final examination in I'ractical Teaching, the examiners shall \he guided by^ the following instructions : (I) The Presiding Examiner app inted by the Minister oi' Education shall, on consultation with the Principal of the Normal School, arrange a time-table for the examination ; and shall, on consultation with the teachers of the Model School, assign the lessons to the students who are to teach before the examiners. Roth lessons shall not be assigned in the same from or in the same subject, and no lesson shall be assigneil more than once in any class. (i) The subject of the tii"st lesson shall be given by the ])residing Examiner to the teacher- in-training the day before, and the subject ot the second lesson forty minutes before, the lesson is to be tiiught. (3) After a lesson has been assigned, no hint or assistance of any kind shall be given to a teacher-in-trainiug by any examiner, or teacher on the staff of the Normal or the Model .'•chool. (4) The full time of twenty minutes shall bo given to each lesson taught by a teacher-in- training. (5) The lesson ton- ■ihle to him for the order, discipline, nnd proi;reHH of the pnpils atteiidih>{ the hoys' and n^rW Model Schools respectively. (2) Thu terms of the Model Schools shall correR|)(md to those in Hi<{h Schools, and, except to till up vacancies, pupils shall ho admitted only at the be^innini; of n term. The hours of daily work shall be from 1».:U) a.m. to 12 m., and from 1.:J0 i-.m. to .'{..'{O i-.m. (:<) The Retjulations respectin); pnnilH in Public Schools shall apply to the pupils nf the Moroved by the Minister ,f Kdiication on the report of the Principal of the Model School. (4) All teachers on the Normal or the Model School stafTwho may be out of the city durin;^ any vacation shall return to duty not later than the day befoie the re-opening of the Hchool. KTAFK OK TOKONTO NOIIMAI, HCMool,. Snlary. Thomas Kirkland, M.A., Principal .^13,500 James Carlyle, M.D., Mathematical Master 2,000 A. C. Casselman, Drawing Master, and in Model School HOG S. H. Preston, Music " " " 900 Miss Natalie Gillmayr, French Teacher 150 Sergt. T. Parr, Drill and Calisthenics 780 STAFF OF OTTAWA NOKMAL SCHOOL. John A. McCabe, LL.D., Principal 2,500 Wm. Scott, B A., Mathematical Master 2,000 T. H. McGuirl, B.A., Drawing Master, and in Model School 900 W. G. Workman, Music •• •' *' 900 M. Fichot, French Teacher IDO E. B. Cope, Clerk and Accountant, also Drill and CaliHthenicH Manier, and in Model School 900 .STAFF OF TOKONTO MODEL SCHOOL. Angus Mcintosh, Head Master, Boys' Model School 1,500 R. W. Murray, First Assistant, " " 1,200 Thomas »L Porter, Second *' " " 1,000 Miss Jeannie Wood, Third " " " 750 " Sarah M. Ross, Fourth " " " 650 " Margaret T. Scott, Head Mistress, Girls' Model School 1,100 " May K. Caulfeild, First Assistant, " " 750 •• M. Meehan, Second " " " 800 " Alice Stuart, Third « " " 050 " Mattie Rose, Fourth " " " 750 '• Mary Macintyre, Kindergarten Teacher 800 " Mary Adair, Assistant " " 480 STAFF OF OTTAWA MODKL SCHOOL. Edwin D. Parlow, Head Master, Boys' Model School 1,500 Thomas Swift, First Assistant " " 1,200 H. R Cowley, Second " " " 1,100 MissC.F.Sutherland, Third Assistant " " 750 *' Adeline Shenick, Head Mistress, Girls' Model School 1,100 " Mary G. Joyce, First Assistant, " '.' 850 •' Margaret A. Mills, Second " " " 800 " M. E. Butterworth, Third " " " 750 " Eliza Bolton, Kindergarten Teacher 900 " E. Guillett, Assistant " 480 ■ri r 06 IV. THE .SCHOOL OF PEDAOOCJV 1^ IH The highest '^ oHitions in the teaching profession are open only to the grad- tiatcs of the Hchool of I'etlaj^o^ry. This institution is locntcd in Toronto, and in it are traintd the First Class Public SchoolTeachers, the Assistants and Principals of High Schools and Collegiate Institutes, and the Public School Inspectors. Its inipoi'tancn may Ite .seen from the additional fact that only First Class teachers are eligible to be appointed Principals of County Model Schools or members of ('ounty Hoards of E.xaminers. The A.s,socijite Examiners for the Departmental Examina- tions must be University graduates actually engaged in teaching, and this pro- vision practically leaves the work of reading the papers in the hands of peisons who have pa.ssed through the School of Pedagogy. The j^raduates of the School of Pedagogy are in fact the teachers o' the teachers of the Public Schools. As High School teachers they ediicate the .-tudentn of the secondary schools, anu ^ivfii.and many i'i><|uisitoH of a ^(uxl teacluT tcstLM), Itct'oru hu i.H allowud to take charj^o of a class, even as an asHistHiit. Tlic ability to show the l();;ical ai*ran<>('iiic>nt of a sultject to l»e tauifht, to riu!o;»iii/t' tin- salient points to be brought out in a presentation lesson, to show, as a teacher, accuracy of Ian^'ua','e and gra.sp of the matter t(» bo taken up before a class —these and kind- red chiiracturistics of a goof Education with the prescribed state- ment of the standing of each teacher-in-training at the close of the session. (2) Each Lecturer shall develop systematically the best method of dealing with fach branch of his department in the var ous stages of a pupil's progress, and shall, as far as possible, explain and justify his methods on scientific principles, eiviiig model lessons for classes in different stages of advancement. He shall also criticise the practice teaching of the teuchersin-training in the School of Pedagogy, and shall, by suitable records, provide the means of forming; a just estimate of the standing of each teacher-in-training. (3) No certificate or testinumial shall be given to any teacher-in training <.r other i:iiudidato at the final examination by any of the examiners or menibers of the staff of the Scho.,1 of Pedagogy. DUTIKS OF TKACHKRSI.N-TRAIMXli. (1) Teachers-in-training shall lodge and board at such houses only as are approved V)y the Principal. Ijiulies and gentlemen shall not board at the same liouse. Communication between the sexes is strictly prohibited, except by permission of the Principal or one of the Lecturers ;)r Masters. (2) Teachers-in training shall attend regularly and punctually throughout the session, and shall submit to such liiscipline and perform such duties as may be prescribed by the Principal. (3) The teichers-intraining slia 1 make no presentation to any member of the staff of the School of Pedagogy. L'ODRSK hy, Drill. Gymnastics and (^Jalistiienics, and such other subjects as may be prescribed by the Minister of Education. (2) (a) In addition to the text books jjrescribed lor Collegiate Institutes and High Schools, the following are authorized for the School of Pedagogy: <,)uick'8 Essays on Educational He formers (International Educational Series, 1890 ediiion), McLoUan's Applied Psyciiology, Spencer's Education, Landon's School Management, Fitch's Lectures on Teaching, Manual of Hygiene, and Houghton's Physical Culture. (/») The following are recommended for reference : Mahaffy's Old fJreek Education, Com- payre's History of I'edagogy, (lill's Systems of Education, Riidestock's Habit in Education, Dewey's I'sychology, Sully's Teachers' Hand-book of Psychology (Appleton), Ladd's * Kitlines of 1 hsyiological Psychology. EXAMINATIONS. (1) Teachers-in-training shall take the following examinations: — (i/) .\t least one written examination conducted, during the session, by the staff of the School, on the work of the sessions; (/») final written eNamination in (IJecem >er or April) conducted by the staff of the School and such other examiners as the Minister may appoint, in the following subjects, which Oobligatory ouall Candidates : — Psychology, Science of Education, History of Education, School Organizatiou and Management, Methods in Mathematics, and Methods in Knglish. In additicni to the foregoing Bubjects, candidates holding University ciualifications shall take Methods in Latin, and Methods either '11 (Jreek or in French and <>erman ; atid other candidates. Methods in Science or Classics, or Modern Languages ; candidates for a Commercial Specialist's Certificate shall take also Methods in the Commercial subjects ; (r) and a final exomination in Decend)er, in Reading and Drill, (iymnastics, and Calisthenics for male teachers, and Drill and Calisthenics for female teachers, conducted by the staff o; the School, unless otherwise ordered by the Minister of Education. . If 69 (2) The following schedule of marks shall bo the basis for determining the standing of each teacher-in-training at the fin%l examination in December : — Psychology, 200 ; Science of Education, 200 ; History of Education, 150 ; School Organization and Management, 150 ; Methodic in English, Mathematics, Science, Classics, French and German, and the Commercial Department, 100 eitch ; Teaching ability, on the report of the staff of the School of Pedagogy, based upon the records of the written and oral tests, 250 ; and 100 for each of Reading, and Drill, (lymnastics and Calisthenics. (3) The standard for the examinations shall be as follows : — (a) one-half of the marks for Teaching ability ; (/>) one-third of the marks in eaih subject at the final written examination conducted by the staff of the School and the Examiners appointed by the Minister ; (r) one half of the aggregate of marks given under («) and {h) ; and {d) one-half of the marks in each of Reading, and Drill, (iymuastics and C.ilisthenics. For Specialist's Certiticatus the standard shall be two-thirds of the marks in the candidate's si)ecial department. Any candidate who obtains fifty per cent, in each suliject and seventy per cent, of the aggregate, sliall be entitled to a certific:ite with honors. The examiners shall have power to reject any candidate '"ho may show himself deficient in sch) French and German, and (r) Physics Botany and Chemistry, and in Zoology (in the case of Senior Leaving certificates obtained in July, 1H90, and thereafter). (4) For a candidate for a Specialist's certificate, subjects shall be assigned in his specialty of a more diftiuult character than would be assigned for a pass candidate ; and, if this department 7 (ES.) r 70 be not one of those in which he would be assigned a lesson in the ordinary course of the examin- tion, the presiding Examiner may substitute one or more in the Specialist's department for any one of the three regular lessons. (5) The Examiners appointed by the Minister of Education will present themselves at the Schools to which they are respectively assigned, on the afternoon Qf the day preceding the practical examinat od. (6) The presiding Examiner shall arrange a time-table for the examination, and shall, on consultation with the other Examiners, select the lessons for the candidates. ^7) The time-table shall be posted in a suitable place on the afternoon of the day preceaint; the practical examination, and shall indicate the hours at which, the forms in which, and the examiners before whom, the candidate is to teach his three lessons. (8) The subject of one of the lessons shall be given the candidate by che presiding Examiner the day before, and the subjects of the other lessons one h<,ur before the time is lequited to teach ; and in the case of each of the three lessons, it shall be the duty of the candidate to apply to the Examiner for the subject at the proper time. (9) After a lesson has been assigned, no hint or assistance of any kind shall be given to a candidate by any Examiner or Collegiate Institute master. (10) The candidate shall teach before at least two ex&miners, cne of whom shall be the presiding examiner. (11) In practical teaching the examiners shall assign the marks according to the aptitude and efficiency of each teacher-in-training, and in all doubtful cases they shall in writing also set forth in detail their opinion of the qualifications of the teachers-in-trainine. (12) Immediately after the close of the examination each presiding examiner shall send to the Education Department a return of the practical examination in the prescribed form. (13) After a lesson has been taught, r.o infoimation or opinion shall be given to the candi- date as to his standing or marks. All repoits in connection with the examinations shall be re- garded by the examiners as strictly confidential. (14) If, from any unforeseen cause, the Eegulations of the Education Department are varied in any particular, the presiding examiner shall report such variation fully to the Minister at the close of the examination. STAFF OF THE SCHOOL OP PEDAGOGY. J. A. McLellan, M.A., LL.D., Principal and Frofeesor of FBychology and Education. F. H. SykeF, M.A., Lecturer in Methods in English. W. S. Milner, B.A., Lecturer in Methods in Classics. J. J. McKenzie, B.A., Lecturer in Methods in Science. A. C. McKay, B.A., Lecturer in Methods in Mathematics. J. Squair, B.A., Lecturer in Methods in Modern Languages. Miss Agnes Knox, Lecturer in Elocution and Reading. W. Oldright, M.A., M.D., Lecturer in Sanitary Science. Thos. Bengough, Lecturer in Stenography. A. 0. Casselman, Lecturer in Writing and Drawing. Sergeant Parr, Instructor in Drill, Gymnastics and Calisthenics. (The salary of the Principal is $3,000 ; that of each lecturer depends upon the number of lectures required.) 71 the V. TEACHERS' INSTITUTES. The Educational Association of Ontario has been in existence for more tlian thirty years, and meets during the Easter holidays for the reading and discussion of papers relating to various questions of educational interest. The meetings of this body have done much towards giving direction to the school legislation of the Province. The Association may be regarded, in fact, as a kind of "Educa- tional Parliament." It receives a grant of 8200 a year from the Legislature, and its proceedings are published for the information of its members. Besides the sessions of the general Association, very many valuable papers are road and dis- cussed in sections of that body. In this way there have been organized sections for the Kindergartners, Public School Teachers, High School Teachers, Training School Teachers, Inspectors, etc. There have also been formed Associations for the advancement of Classics, Mathematics, Modern Languages, and Science. The High and Public School Trustees have organized a Provincial Association which has, in like manner, contributed much to the discussion of educational questions. It is now a section of the general " Educational Association." Besides the Provincial Association, there is organized in each county or in- spectoral district a " Teachers' Institute " for the purpose of imparting instruc- tion in methods of teaching, and for discussing educational matters, subject to the regulations of the Education Department. A grant of $25 is paid by the Legislature to each Institute, and the county or city gives a grant of an equal amount. Many of the Associations have valuable libraries of professional works. The Public School Inspector takes a leading part in the work of these County Associations, and he is generally aided by the more e.Kperienced Public School teachers, and the teachers of the one or more High Schools or Collegiate Institutes situated within his district. A Director of Teachers' Institutes, ap- pointed by the Education Department, frequently attends these meetings, and very often other prominent persons aie invited to give addresses on educational topics. The main object, however, is to have discussed pedagogical principles and methods of teaching, and to enable teachers to "compare notes" regarding their daily duties. Dr. Arnold, of Rugby, felt it to be necessary thac his pupils should " drink from a running stream rather than from a stagnant pool." Young teach- ers often go away with fresh inspiration. Books on the Science of Education are read and renewed interest is taken in school work. In cities these Associations often meet monthly under direction of the Inspector, Sometimes he finds it desirable to have teachers of the same grade meet together. These Institutes have also had the effect of creating greater interest in school work among the general public. The following regulations have been prescribed for the management of these Associations : — (1) The officers of a Teachers' Institute shall be a president, vice-president and secretary- treasurer. There shall be a management committee of five. The nfficefd of the Institute and the management committee shall be elected annually. I n ' \ (2) There shall bo one meeting of the Institute each year, extending over two or more days, for the election of officers and the discussion of such matters as may be submitted by the ma'i- agement committee. (3) The first days session shall be from 10 a. m. to 12 m., and from 2 p. m. to 5 p. m. ; on the second day from 9 a. m. to 12 m., and from 2 p. in. to 4 p. m. A c()i)y of the programme shall be sent to every teacher in the county or inspectoral division at least one month before the time of the meeting. All questions and discussions foreign to the teachers' work shall be avoided. (4) A portion of the afternoon of the sec(md day should be set apart for discussing such matters as affect the relations between the Teacher aud the Trustees, of which special notice sliould be given by the Secrebiry to every Board of Trustees in the county or inspectoral division. 'J ho actual travelling expenses of one representative from each Board of Trustees may be allowed by the Board for attendance in all sucli cases. (5) Every Public School teacher shall attend continuou% all the sessions of the Institute of his county or nisi)ectoral division, and, iu the event of his inability to attend, shall report to his Inspector, giving reasons for his absence. (6) The Inspector shall furnish the Secretary of the Institute with a list of the teachers in his county or inspectoral division. From this list the roll shall be called at the opening of each session. He shall also report to the Department on the form prescribed. (7) Any teacher who has been elected a delegate, by the Association of his county or in- spectoral division, to the Provincial Teachers' Association shall be at liberty to attend tlie meet- ing of su''. A880ciati(m for any time not exceeding one week each year, providing always he shall report to the trustees such attendance, certified by the secretary of said Provinc al Association. H 'A O < H H O yi" -^ -^ o a o Q O < o 1.^ <, I— t '-5 o 03 H tf t' > 1 f V ina ' It ye) tin COl 73 THE INSPECTION OF SCHOOLS. QUALIFICATIONS. The system o^ Education in Ontario makes provision for a thorough inspec- tion of all classes of schools. School inspection is needed (1) to enforce the general rules and regulations sanctioned by the school authorities, and (2) to see that the proper methods of instruction are employed and that the teaching is made effective. In older to secure proper supervision it is necessary that the In- f I spector should be well qualified, and that he should be invested with sufficient authority to enforce the prescribed regulations. It is assumed that no person is (jtialified for this important position who is not possessed of a wide range of scholarship, and who has not had several years of experience as a teacher. With- out the latter, there can be no guarantee of fitness to deal with the many details of school management, and without the former there would be a lack of that culture and broadness of view which scholarly attainments are 'presumed to give The Public School Inspector requires a knowledge of the work of elemencary schools. Experience gained only in a High School will not suffice. The following is the regulation regarding the qualifications of Public School Inspectors : — The qualifications for a Public School Inspector's Certifioate shall be (a) five years' success- ful experience as a teacher, of which at least three years shall have bjen in a Public School ; and (6) a Specialist's Certificata obtained on a University examination, or a Decree in Arts from the University of Toronto with first class graduation honors in one or more of the recognized departments in said University, or an equivalent standing in any other University of Ontario, with a certificate of having pissed the final examination of the Provincial School of Pedagogy. APPOINTMENT. It is not deemed expedient to have these officers elected by a popular vote Other elements than those of fitness might then determine the appointment The high qualifications required limit the numbar of candidates and shutout the ordinary " office seeker" from the list of applicants. County Inspectors are ap- pointed by the county councils, and city Inspectors by the Public School boards. When a vacancy occurs, the position is generally filled by appointing some teach- er with the prescribed qualifications, who, by ability and application, has gained a reputation in his profession. The removal of an Inspector seldom occurs. It is provided that the county or city Inspector cannot be dismissed except by a two-thirds vote of the council or board appointing him, unless for misconduct or inefficiency, in which case he may be dismissed by a majority vote, or by the Lieutenant-Governor-in-CounciL It is quite customary for Inspectors to hold their positions for more than twenty years, and when they keep themselves abreast of the educational progress of the country they become more useful with increased experience. By his inter- course with the members of the municipal councils, trustee boards and the teachers 74 of his district, the position of an Inspector is a most important one for exercising through his scholarship, professional attainments and character, a valuable influ- ence upon the pupils of the Public Schools. The statute requires each municipal council of a county to appoint an In- spector of Public Schools. If there are more than one hundred and twenty schools in the county the counc;l must appoint two Inspectors. The salary of county Inspectors varies from about $900 to $1,G0U according to the number ot schools. The minimum rate is $10 for each teacher, and $5 of this is paid by the Legislature. In cities, if there are more than three hundred teachers, two In- spectors must be appointed. In some of the smaller cities and most of the towns the county Inspector is also Inspector of the city or town schools. It is usual in these places for the principal to perform many duties pertaining to the organiza- tion of the schools that would otherwise be discharged by the Inspector. In the larger cities where the Inspector devotes all his time to the service of the Board, the salary varies from about $1,200 to $3,000, the Legislature allow- ing, as in the case of county schools, $5 for each teacher. Sf SPECIALIZ.\TI()N OF FUNCTIONS. Herbert Spencer affirms that "u differentiation of structure and a speciali- zation of function " form the law of all growth and progress. It is an evidence of statesmanship when the three departments of representative government — legislative, executive, and judicial — are properly differentiated. In the system of education for Ontario there has been a judicious division of responsibilities among different authorities. What has largely added influence for good to the position of Inspector, is the fact that he is free from many of the duties assigned to such an officer in some other countries. He has nothing to do with the auth- orization of text books or the fixing of courses of study. He does not engage the teachers, but in rural schools it is quite customary for trustees in selecting teachers to seek his advice. In cities his recommendations are almost invariably sought by the committee of the Board, to whom the selection of teachers is as- signed, and it rarely happens that the trustees ignore his opinion on a matter of this kind. The Inspector is not required to undertake the responsibility of licensing teachers in Ontario. By entrusting this duty to a Board of Examiners he is saved from the " pressure " that might otherwise be brought to bear on him to grant certificates. He has, however, as chairman of the Board of Examiners, a proper influence in preventing incompetent persons from entering the profession, and without his approval no teacher in his inspectorate can attend a Normal School. It therefore follows that Inspectors have power to block incompetent teachers from receiving permanent^certificatcs. 78 The Inspector is also relieved from a more embarrassing responsibility — that of determining the academic qualifications of applicants for teacher:^' certificates This duty, as already described, is entrusted to a board of examiners, acting not under local, but under provincial authority. The aim has been to place the Inspector in such a position as will enable him to give his best thoughts and eflforts to the most important duties of school supervision, and to have his tenure of office so secured that he need not fear being disturbed, so long as he discharges his duties energetically, honestly and judiciously. It would not be out of place to quote here a portion of the report of a co.iimittee of the National Education. Association of the United States, made in St. Paul in 1890, regarding the office of Inspector of schools. It evidently shows that our American friends are earnestly striving to solve more than one educational problem that we have already successfully dealt with : — " It may be wisely questioned whether this duty (that of licensing teachers) should be vested exclusively in the superintendent or any one person ; and this is especially true in large cities. There are few city superintendents in the country competent to examine applicants efficiently in all branches of a school course. In every large city there are, or should be, a score or more of specialists whom no general scholar, with discretion, would care to examine. Besides, the licensing of teachers is one of those special functions of school administration which should be under the direction of the State Department of Public Education. The qualifications of all applicants for the teacher's high office should be determined by a board of experts, at least three in number, and acting directly as agents of the State. The Superintendent of schools may very properly be made a member of the Board, with the special duty of determining the professional knowledge and skill of applicants. His advice would be valuable in the renewal of certificates or licenses, and especially in determining when an applicant is entitled to legal recognition as a professional teacher— a. position in wliicli the examiner no longer vexes or annoys. As an examiner the Superintendent should act as an agent of the State — not as Superintendent of schools It must suffice to say that the Superintendent should be made an authorized and recognized school officer, and he should be chosen in a manner consistent with the dignity and high duties of his position ; and his tenure of office should be made sufficiently secure to enable him to serve the schools and the public in accordance with his best judgment and power, and, to these ends, his appointment and continuance iu office should, in some practical way, be placed beyond the control of the ward politician, whose self-assumed function is to attend to other people's business ia public affairs." THE INSPECTION OF HIGH SCHOOLS. The supervision required of High Schools and Collegiate Institutes, is con- siderably different from that of Public Schools. The Inspectors of High Schools 70 »re appointed by the Government, and are selected from Principals of Collegiate Institutes, who have attained the front rank in their profession. The important functions of the Secondary Schools, and the Reijulations under which they are conducted, render their Inspection a matter which effects largely, elementary as well as higher education. It has been found desirable, as in the ease of the inspection of Public Schools, Ui apply here also, Herbert Spencer's law of growth and progress — " A specialization of function." An Inspector has more import- ant duties to perform than" reading examination papers" to test the academic quallHcations of candidates for teachers certificates. It has been fully acknow- ledged by educationists that work of this kind to be properly performed, must be assigned to experts practically engaged as teachers in High School or University. The High School Inspectors, like the Public School In.spectors, are also largely relieved from the responsibility of licensing teachers. They have however, and properly so, a voice, like Public School Instructors, in preventing incompetent persons from entering the profession. The High School Inspectors have thus been enabled to devote their energies to the proper work of supervision, and acting under Regulations of the Education Department, their official visits have tended much to improve the character of the Schools. Their reports to Trustees have in a few years brought around great improvements in the accommodations, large additions to the libraries and -apparatus, and superior appliances for physical training. More satisfactory still has been the advance made in the qualifications of the teaching staffs, and it has come more and more to be recognized that the great desideratum in promoting the cause of education is the employment of teachers of high academic, and pro- fessional training — men and women who have a high conception of the nobility of their calling. » .-ft THE STATUTE MAKES THE FOLLOWING PROVISIONS KEOARDING THE DUTIES OF COUNTY lNSrEUTOR.S : 1. To visit every Public School within liia jurisdiction once in each term, unless required to ) When the trustees fail to transmit the annual or semi-annual scliool returns properly filled up ; or (c) When the trustees fail to comply with the school kct, or the regulations of the Eiucation Departmeat ; or (d) When the teacher uses, or permits to bd used, as a text book any bjok not authorized by the Education Department ; and in every case t) report to the trustees and to the Education Department his reasons for so doing ; 77 f •» 5. To ((ive when dosired luiy information in liix power to the Minister of Education, ruapect- ini! any PubUc School matter within his jiiriBdiction, to prepare and transmit to the Minister of Eilncation, on or before the first day of Marc)i, an annual report in the form prescribed by the Education Department ; 7. To recommend to the county or town8hi|> council such ppecial aid as he may deem advisable to be ^iven to new or weak school Heitions in the county ; b. To appoint, in his discretion, the time and place for a special meutiii)^ ; 9. To give, at his discretion, any candidate, on duo examination, a cortiticate of qualiticittion to teach a school within his district until the nuxl unsuin;^ professional examination of toachera ; 10. Todoliver over to his successor, on rotirini^ fromotHco, copies of his olticial correspond- ence, and all school papers in his custody, on the order of the county council or public school board appointing him. The Act also provides : — No inspector of schools shall, during his tenure f>f oftice. en^a^jo in or hold any other em- ployment, othce or calling which would interfere with the full discharge of his duties as Inspec- tor. In addition to these provisions of the statute the following regulations are prescribed. It shall be the duty of every County Inspector : — (1) To spe till at least half a (lay each term in etch school. Where a school has several de partmenta, the Inspector should devote half a day to each department. When, however, from the character of the work done, an Inspector thinks it would be in the interest of the school to extend his visit over the whole day, he should do so. (2) To mtUfy himself an t> the proijress made hij the pupils from time to time. This cannot be done without many memoranda of the standing of each class. It will therefore bo neces^ar^ for the Inspector to make cojiious notes in regard to each recitation, allowing the condition of each class and the proKciency attained in the several subjects of the curriculum. This pait of the work should be thorough and searching ; and the conclusions arrived at should be based on the Inspector's own observation. (3) Toexamitie into the methods of iti^trtiction pursued hij the teacher. To do 'histhe Inspec- tor should require the teacher of the school to teach several lessons in his presence. In this way the teacher'^ methods can be observed and hints given for improvement, should he evince any faults of method or of manner. Great attention should be paid to methods ; the proper and logical presentation of a subject is so important that success is impossible without it. He should see that the prescribed time for instruction in Temperance and Uygieiie is observed. (4) To teach a feu: model lessons himself. The proper methods of teaching subjects that are found to be neglected or badly taught by the teacher should be exemplified by the Inspector. Here all the ({ualities which go to form the model teacher should be exercised. His methods of questioning and of receiving answers,of arousing the enthusiasm of the class, of securing attention, of reaching by apt illustration the judgment of the pupils, should serve the teacher both as a model and as a stimulus. (5) To ascertihi the natrire of the discipline eecrciaed hij the teacher. This no doubt will ap- pear from the attention and diligence of tiie pupils, without special en<|uiry. The manner of the teacher will very soon indicate the nature of the discipline. It would be well, nevertheless, to ascertain whether corporal punishment is frecjuontly resorted to, and if not, what are the punishments (if any) usually indicted. (6) To examine the reijisters, maps, seats and all the internal and external equipment of tlie nchoid-house. He should see (a) that the register and class bo(tk are properly and neatly kept, and ascvrtain whether or not entries are made therein daily ; (b) that the maps are suitable and well preserved ; (c) that blackboards are in proper repair, and that crayons and brushes are fully supplied ; (d) that the furniture is generally adet'ho;>l. No text-books should be placed in the hands of the pupils except those authorized for their use. Under tho tlisguise of oein',' books for " homo study," many unauthori/.ed text books are introduced into the school. This should bo prevented liy the Inspector in the exercise of his authority as an othcer of the Education Department. (10) To withhold the school ijrnnt in certain cases. Before tho scliool prant is withhold : (a) An opportunity should be afforded the Board of Trustees to remedy tho wron^ complained of. (6) A full statement of the case should be sent to the Department, and the consent of the Min- ister of Etluciition obtained. As tho grant can bo withhold for ^ny violation of the School Act or Departmontiil Regulations, the power thus conferred should be exercised judiciously, and only when other romedioa fail. (11) 7*0 ill vide the school ijrants. Care should be taken to see that the semi-annual returns of the Boards of Trustees are properly added up, and if any doubt exista as to their accuracy they should be compared with tho school register. When the division of the grant is made, as re wi of int aff Sj mu ree ha ro ny se wi fie sh 7!) DUriKH c»r y tiiu liourd of TruHtuus. In citius with more liMpuutorN than unu, each Inspoctur may bu rutiuirudtu report fltiparately to tho Education Dopartmunt. 'itUTIEH OK SKI'AIIATK H< lloor. INHI'KOToB: , [nspcct4)rB of Supirate Suhools shall purform tliu liku diitius as Inspechti.. of Public Scliools, and siiall, with roi^aril to Si|i,'initti SuhooU, hivi:, H I far as thu Mime is nruuticablu, liko power and authority as^lNiiilic Scliool inspuctors liavo with rugard to I'ublic SciiooU. ••• ItlTlES OK.MOKKL mHOOL* 1' ^^^»•E^•TOR^», Thu IiiHDOctor of Modtil Schools shall visit uacli Model School at least once in twoyoars, and shall cluvotu a tuU *lay to thu uxamination of thu tdachers-in-training and the ins|>(!utioii of the dupartmunta used for Model Sjhool pur|iosu-i, and shall rojxtrt annuilly to thu Minister uf Kdu- Cition on the standing; of each Mo iel Scliool and all other niittcrs affecting the etlijiiMicy uf thu schools. \ DITIKH OK IIKin SCHOOL INSl'ECTOU.S. (1) Eich High Scho(d Inspector shall visit the High Schools and C dlegiato Institutus in the section of the Provincu assignetl to him, at least once ii) each year; and shall spend not luss than one inding and paper ; in case of using any book not publislied in Canada, the English edition shall be preferreil to any other (3) A sample copy of every edition of every authorized book shall be deposited in the Educa- tion Department by the publisher, and no edition of any bonk shall be cimsidered as approved without a certificate from the Minister of Education approving thereof. (4) Every authorized book shall bear the imprint of the publisher, and shall show up m tlie cover or title page the authorized retail price, and no \rM't of the book shall be used for .idver- tising p u'poses, without the written cinsent of the Department. (.5) The Education Department may re(|uire the publisher of any text-book to make such alterations from time to time as may he deemed expedient : but no alterations in coiitent.s, typogi'aphy, binding, paper, or any otlier material respect, shall, in any ease, l)e ma Ic l)y tlie publisher, without tiie consent of the Eilucation l.)e[iartinent. (()) Every publisher of an authorized text book sliall, before iilaeing any edition of such authorized book upon the market, execute sueh agreements and give such security for the due fnllilment of these regulations as may be reipiired by the Eduoatior. Department. (7) All authorized text-books may bi: pulilished by any tirm or puldiahers in Ontario on the ))ayment to the (original publishers ot such sum or sums of money as may l)e agreed U|)iiii between the pul)lishers concerned and the .Minister of Education rcsi)ectively. 8 The Minister of Education may, at his discretion, after making full en(|uiry into the cost of manufaet\ii'e, reduce the retail price of any authorized text-book; he may also remove such book from the list of authorized text-books, if the pubiishei' fails to cjmi)ly with the regu- lations of the Educatiini Department, or if it be considered to be in the public interest so to do. (It) In ease the Kdueation Department sliall at any time reeounnend any books as aids to the teacher for private reference or study, it is to be distinctly understood that such books are not tv) he used ai text books Ity the pui)ds, atid any teaeluT who permits sijicli books, or any other book not authorized as a text-book for the Public Schoids, to l)e used as such, shall be li ible to such penalties as aie imposed by the School Act. S (E.S.) 84 The adoption of a uniform series of text-books for the Province has been attended with many advantages. Among- them the following may be mentioned : — 1. The cost to pujiiis has been less than if the selection of text-books were left to each locality. 2. There are better facilities thereby afforded for securing a uniform course of study, and a uniform standard for Departmental and University matriculation examinations. 3. The difficulties have been minimized that arise when pupils remove from one school to another. 4. It has, by limiting their responsibilities, tended to render teachers, Inspec- tors and other school officials more useful in the discharge of their duties. 5. Annoyance and confusion resulting from the frequont changes of text- books by school-boards have been avoided. 6. Parents, teachers, Inspectors and trustees are protected from the incessant importunities of book agents and publishing ffrms. 7. It is a measure of economy to parents and pupils, as they ave saved from the too frequent changes of text-books. To the Education Department has been given the powdr to authorize text- books for the High o.nd Public Schools, and for the various institutions tor the training of teachers. In preparing and authorizing text-books the following objects have been kept in view : — { 1 ) To cover the course of study in each subject so far as possible by one text-book. (2) To control and regulate the price of each text-book, and thus protect the public as well as act fairly towards the publishers. (3) To reduce the price of text-books should it appear to the Department that the profits are excessive. (4) To keep up a required standard as regards the binding, typography and general workmanship of the books. (5) To encourage Canadian teachers of well-known ability to undertake the preparation of text-bocks. (G) To manufacture, as far as possible, all authorized text-books in the Province. (7) To prevent frec^uent changes by teachers and trustees. (8) To reduce the number of text-books. This has been especially kept in view as regards the Public Schools. In High Schools where fewer pupils are affected a choice has been allowed in the case of some departments. By the Public Schools Act of 1891 it has been pro.ided that the Public School board of any city, town or incorporated village may provide free text- books for the pupils. In accordance w'th the democratic principles of our school system it has been considered preferable to leave a matter of this kind to be decided by the ratepayers themselves for each locality. It is yet too soon to say liow far this optional power may be taken advantage of by muiiici|ialitie-i. S5 lijsT of text books. 1. The text-buoks named in Schedules " A," " li' and " C " shall be the authorized text- books for the Public Sch<.,.l8, for Forma I„ 11. and III. of Collegiate Institutes and Hiith ftchools, and for the Training Schools respectively, of the Province of Ontario. e a\ '^^l'^ text-books in French or Oernian mentioned in schedule " A " are authorized only tor Sch(iol8 where the French or German language prevails, and where the Trustees with the approval of the luspector re(iuire French or Oerman to be taught in add tion t j English. 3. The books named in schedule " B " shall be the authorized text-books in the corresnond- ing subject m the course of study prescribed for the Fifth Form of Public Schools. IV *f AH text-books jirescribed or re High School Euclid, McKay (Books I., II., III., 50 cents) 75 Clis.iics. Henderson and Fletcher's First Latin Book $1 00 Carruthers and Robertson's Primary Latin Book 1 OO Harkness' Introductory Latin Book nO Harkness' Revised Standard Latin (irammar 1 00 Leighton's First Steps in Latin 1 00 Bradley's Arnold's Latin Prose 1 50 Cioodwin's (Jreek (Irannnar 1 25 Harkness' First (Jreek Book 90 Moderns. High School French (irammar $0 75 High School French Reader 50 High School (leruian (irannnar "75 High School (Jerman Header 50 Lessons in French, complete (Kas(|uelles Sykes) 75 Science. High School Physics 81 00 High School Botany 1 00 High School Chemistry 75 r>i>ol-kcp)>in(i (I ml Pxiifiiiij. High School Book-keeping $0 »J5 High School Drawing Course— five pivrts— each 15 lUCTIONAIUKS KECOMMEN'DKD. .?li 1. £ii;//i,s/t— Stonnonth's Engli.sh Dictionaries (smaller and larger). Skeat's Etynioligica) Dictionary (cheap unabridged edition). The Concise Imperial Dictionary. 2 Zj((^/'(i— -Antlion's smaller Latin Dictionary. Harper's (Lewis and Scott's) Latin Dictionary. 3_ Orrck Liddell and Scott's larger and smaller Cireek Dictionaries. 4 2'y(')r(7/—Casseirs French and English, and Euudisli and French Dictionaries. Spiers and Surcane's Ftencli and Eiigli.sli. and English and French Dictionaries. 5. (IrniKin -Blackley and Friedlaiider's Cerman and I<]nglish, and English and German Diction- aries. Fliigel's Cernian Dictionary. 6. ^nttr/iMfw'.s (((!'/ ;'irj///(''/;-f/;/—Antlion's and Smith's. TKATNIXO SCHOOLS. (sCirKDC'I.K C.) Baldwin's •. f ;. i.' -.''Chn i"',Pi,vgement (Canadian Edition) 80 76 Hopkins' Outliu.; .-i .i. >.> 'Ian 1 25 Fitch's Lccbuics .m ! « i..iuii^ 1 00 Quick's Educational Reformers (ii.troduction l)y Harris) 1 25 McLelian's Apjilied Psychology 1 00 Spercer's Education 50 Landon's School Management 1 50 Manual of Hvgiene *^ 50 Houghton's Physical Culture 60 MI'CHANICS' INSTITUTES AND ART SCHOOLS. By an Act of the Legislature of Ontario any mimber of persons, not le-s than ten, may become incorporated as a Mechanics' Institute or Ait Scliool. The primaiy object of these Listitutes was to form Libraries and Readinjj,- Rooms and to or^ani/-e a system of instruction by means of Lectures and Evening Classes. In most of the cities and towns, as welj as in many of the villages, tlourisliing Mechanics' Institutes have Ijeen in existence for many years. They liave done much towards providing wholesome reading matter for the public, and by systematic courses of lectures much valuable instruction has been imparted. The evening cl isses that have been established have proved of much advantage to many you "^ pr^rsons who have not time to take an extensive High School course 'l"..c ..ultjects taught are English grammar and composition, history, arithmetic, writing, book-keeping and drawing. The last of these subjects has received special attention in several of the Mechanics' Institutes. Freehand, geometrical, perspective and object drawing are pursued with considerable success, and in some of the institutes many student j have shown creditable proficiency in archi- tectural ai;d mechanical drawing and in forming various industrial designs. The following are tlie principal sections of the Statute relating to Mechanics' Institutes and Art Schools : — The otlicers of every Mechanics' Institute or Ait Sclioul ihjill consist of a iirusident (who shall be ex nfficio a director) secretary, treasurer, and a board of directors of not loss than iivo or more than nine (exclusive of the president) and sucii other oilicers as may be designated in the by laws of the corporation. (1) Any Mechanics' Institute in a municipality in which a Free Library has been established according to TIte Free Libraries Act. may by agreement with the Board of Management referred to in section 3 of The Free Libraries A<.t, ISSJ, transfer to the Corporation of the municipality, for the purposes of the said Free Libniries Act, 1S8:.', all or any property, real or pers(n:al, of the Institute; but any transfer which, but for this section, tiio Institute would not have author- ity to make, shall only be made in the manner provided by the said Free Libiaries A< t, 1SS2. (2) In case the transfer is to be made on terms involving tlie assunijjtion of any liability of the Institute, or the payment of anj- money in consideration of the transfer, tiie agreement shall not bo binding unless approved of and consented to by by-law of the Municipal Council. It shall be the duty of the Directi>rs of every Mechanics' Institute, in rks of fiction ; for its Heading-room the sum of SI for every dollar expended for newspapers, magazines or other periodicals, but so as not to exceed the sum of $50 for Reading-room purposes ; for Evening Classes the sum of $3 for every pujiil in any of the courses herein prescribed for classes of twenty-five pupils or inider, and 81 for each additional pupil, but so as not to exceed .*1(X) in all for Evening Classes. Every Art School incorporated under this or any other Act and complying with the regu- lations of the Ediic ition Department respecting the enuipnieiit, accommodation and teachers re<]uired for Art Schools, shall bo entitled to receive out of any moneys appropriated by the Legis'ative Assembly for Art purjooses a fixed grant of $400 and such additional sums for pro- ficiency in art studies as may lie determined by the regulations of the Education Deiiartnient respecting final examinations. IRKK LIBRARII':S. By " Tlie Free Libraries Act" of Ontario a free library may be cstablislied in any city, town or incorporated village. The following are some of the pro- visions of this stattite : — Where a free library is so established, there may, without any proceedings for the jturpose under this Act, be connected with the library, a free news-room, or museum, or both ; and there may be established a branch library, or I ranch libraries, and a branch news-room or branch news-rooms, in the municipality. In case i'esented to the council of a city, town, cr incorporated villagj, signed by not less than one hundred electors in the cuse of a city, or not less than sixty in the case of a town, or not less than thirty in the case of an incorporated village, praymg for the establish- ment of a free library under this Act, the comicil may ))ass a by-law giving effect to the peti- tion, with the assent of the electors (pialitied to vote at municipal elections given before the final passing of the by-law as provided by the municipal law. In case of the establishment of a free library under this .\ct, the genera' management, regulation, and c ntrt)l of the library, and of the news-room and nniseum (if any) HJiall be vested in and exercised by a board to be called the board of management ; which board shall be a body politic and corporate, and shall be composed of the mayor of the city or town, or the reeve of the village, and three other persons to be appointed by the council, three by the public school board, or the board of education of the nuitiicipality, and two by the trustees of the separate school, if any. Subject to the restrictions and provisions hereinafter contained, the buard are, from time to time, to procure, erect, or rent the necessary buildings for the ])urposes of the li!)rary or of the libriry, news-ronui and museum (as the cise niiy b") ; to purciiiso books no ws[):ipors, re- views, magazine •, ma])S and specimens of art and science, for the use ( f the library, news-room and museum, and to do all things necessary for kcejiing the same in a proper s'ate of preserva- tion and rejjair ; and to purchase and provide the necessary fuel, lighting, and other limilar matters ; and are to appoint and dismiss, as they see occasion, the salaried otiicors and servants employed. But no free libr.iry board shall in any year ]jurchase any lands, or erect any build- ings, or -nake any additions or alterations thereto, exceeding in cost $2,()i without the authority of the municijjal council. T .,ii.i(iil''ihii'ri /. i •• 89 4 \ ) For tlio imrposo of providing; for tlio oxjiuiisos iiucDi.sury for cjirryiii'^' thin Act into ffffct, the council of the nun ici polity, in tiiUlition h> all othor ritL'ttatid iitHoaHrncntH litviod lind iiHHUHsud for i!!unicipiil purpoiiUB. hIi.iII li>vy and iishuss froai year to your w Hpucnil ;innuiil I'litu HiiHicicnt to f urniHh t)it> imtount cHtiniatud hy fliu naid hoard to he ruqiiirt'd ax aforesaid, hut not i xcot'din'^ one- hnlf (one-ipniiter ia tho ciiHu of a city haviinr ovir lOD.OUo of a population) of a mill in the dollar, upon the assuHiied value of all ratahle real and perbonal property, hucIi rate to Ix' called •' Tho Free Library Kate. " At any time after the adoption of this Act in any launicipility, any MouhanicH' Institute or Librury AHaociation in the municipality may hy agreement with tho hoard tran?fer to the rorpo- ration of the uuinicipulity, for tlu' purposes of this Act, all or any property, real or persoiial, of the Institute or Association ; hut any transfer which, hut for thia section, the Institute or Association would not have authority to nuke, shall (tiily ho made in the maimer provided hy The Act renpectiiKj Mi'i'lianw.s In.ititiitvn itiut A rl Sclumis. There may also he estahlishod evening classes f(jr artisatis, merhaiiica and workingmon, in such subjects as may promote a knowledge of the mechanical and maniifacturing arts. All the powers invested in the board of manaj^emcnt, and all the duties imposed upon the i-aid board with respect to libraries, news-rooms and museums, shall he considered as applicable to the evening clatsea es'ablished under this Act, and in the event of the estAhlishment of such classes tho board shall have the same powers with respect to the appointment and dismissal of teachers or instiuctors as they now possess with respect to other salaried othcers. The Education Department has prescribed the following regulations regard- ing Art Schools and Mechanics' Institutes : — ■ 1. Any as.Hociation of persons, for the purpose of promoting the study of Art, shall he ri cognized hy tho Education Department as an Art School on the following conditions ; (1) The association must be incorporated under the Act respecting Mechanics' Institute.^* and Art Schools, or under some other Act. (2) There must he a registered average attendan -o of at least fifty pupils. (3) The accommodation must he ample for teaching all the subjects in both J'rimary and Advanced courses herein prescribed. (4) The e(|uipment and start" of teacliers must he satisfactory to the Education Dejiartment. (.")) Tho course of study lierein prescribed must he followed. (G) Fupils under 15 years of age will not be reckoned as Art School pupils for the purpose of Government Aid. '1. The Primary Art course shall consist of ;{(> lessons, < f 2 hours each, in the following subjects : — (1) Freehand drawing from flat examples. (2) 1^-iiutical (Jeometry. (:{) Linear Perspec- tive. (4) Model D.awing. (5) Memory or IMauk In >:ii(l Drawing. 3. Tho Advanced Art cour-ie shall consist of oti lessons, of 2 hours each, in the following subjects : (1) Shading from flat examines, v-) Outline Drawing from the r.unul (casts or nature;. 3) Shading from tho round. (4) Drawings fnjiu tlowers and olijeutsof nalU'al history. (■")) Ornamental Dt'sign. 4. Tho Mechanical Drawing course shall consist of :M) loisons, of 2 hours each, in the fol- lowing subjects : — (1) Projection and Descriptive Geometry. (2) Machine Drawing. Ci) Building C<.n3tru.;- tiou. (4) Indu.strial Design. (5) Advanced Peispective. 5. Any Art School having established classes of not less that 25 pupils in each .if the Primary and Advanced courses, may make provision for teaching any or all of the following subjects : — (I) Drawing fr.mi Lite. (2) Painting in Oil CVdors. (H) Paintng in Water Colors. (4) Modelling in Clay and VVa.x. (5) Wood Carving. (6) Wood Engraving. (7) Lithography. {H) China Painting. (U) Repousse Work. no i hold in April of each yoar, under the direction of thj HMiuatiou Dopart'uont, the exi)enH •« of whicli HJiali ins paid by the Art Scho(d com.'ortied. 8. A proticiency certiticiito willbo awarded in each subject ; and any pupil wlio pusses in all the subjects, in any of the three courses above named, shall bo entitled to a teacher's certificate In which the various subjt^cts constituting the course shall bj duly stated, such certiticate ti) bo designated Priniury, Advanced or Mechanical, as the case may be. 0. The holdorof a teacher's certiKcate will bo bi^ally (|ualitied to teach the subjects named therein, in any Art Si-lii)ol, Hinh School, Model School or Mechanics' rnstitute. The Kdui;a- tiou Dei)artmon\ will accept a Primary certiticate in lieu of the non-iirofessional examination in drawing for any clasi or tirade of public school teacher's certiticate. 10. Any colloj{e or private school mny, with the consont of the Eilucatiou Department, take DopartuuMital Rxamisiations, but such c(jllej?e or private school shall not be entitled to any portion of the yrant provided by the L'jijislative Assembly for such purposes. 11. \11 grants are made subject to the regulations of the Education Dapartuiont, and eacli Mechanics' Institute and Free Library shall bo paid according to the work done or money ex- pended duriu'^ the tinancial year immotliately prec 'ding the grant. Books, newspapers and poriodic'ils must be purchased so as to bo in use not later than the Ist day of April, and all invoices muit be paid before the .'}()th day of April in each year, otherwise the grant for Library and Reading R xjm will not be allowed until the following year. 12. In order to be entitled to any grant for a Reading Room, the following conditions must bo complied with : — (1; The Reading Room must be conveniently situated. (2) It must be properly warmed and lighted, and furnished with suitable racks and paper tiles, and with chairs for at least ten persons. (3) It must bo regularly opened to the public at least three hours every alternate week day, between 2 and 10 ]).m., or for a like |)eri()d of three hours at such other times as may be deemed expedient by the Directors. (4) There must be placed on separate files, at least two daily newspapers, live weeklies, and three standard monthly magazines. ]'3. In order to be entitled to any aid for Library purposes the f(dlowing conditions must be complied with ; — (1) The Library must be conveniently situated, and open for the rece;pt and delivery of books at least one hour every week. (2) The books must be i)roperly numbered and placed in order on suitable shelves or cases. (3) A .satisfactory record, according to the regulations of the Education Department, must be kept of all books given out and taken in. (4) If reipiired, invoices, shewing a list of the books purchased, must be sent to the Depart- ment. 14. In order to be entitled to aiiy grant for Evening Classes, the following conditions must be complied with : — (1) The classes in each course shall consist of such ]nipils as are over 15 years of age (not school pupils) who attended at least 20 lessons (non-resident pupils attending a Model or High School are allowed for in the Drawing Course). (2) Twenty-five lessons of two hours each must be given in each course. (3) The teachers must possess certificates approved by the Education Department. (4) A full list of the pupils, signed by the teichers in charge, on the form prescribed, must be forwarded to the Education Department with the Annual Report, not later than the loth of May. • I * 91 / 15. Tho suhjccts for Evoiiiny Cliwa instruction shall ho divide.! int.. tho following courses : ronr-'!? I'Tl'l^' ^"T<' ^''^ Conunercial Course, (c) Drawing Course, (./; Eien.entury Science lyourse, ((■) Advanced NciiMJce Course. ^ * in. Every MechanicH' Institute shall he entitled to the s-nn of ..no d<.IIar for every uui.il obtiiinmj,' ..ne |.r..hciency certificate, ..r tw,. .lollars for every pupil ..htaining tw.. or'n.oie .r.Ifi- cioncy certihcates in the HuhjectH named in any ..f the Drawing Courses, and tiv .loUarH f..r a full certificate in the A.lvanced ..r Mechanical Course, as determined at the Dcpartnieiital 7 ^ ";, '^'l';"'" ^'["l ''" •*" inii»i'il examination at each Mechanics' Institute in tho month ..f \i.ril under the directi..n o' tiiu Educati.,n Dopartment. The local expenses for cn-lucting the exami- nationjmust bo borne by the Mechanics' Institute concerned" . h « .. •• A groat 111 my cortiHcates, ami g..ld, silver and bronze luodals are aiinuallv ..fferod for ciii- |.etiti..n amoii.. sui. ents of tlio Art Scliools, .Mechanics' Institutes, Public Scli..ols, Fli-rh Scli....l3 N..riiial ochools and Co leges for i.roticioiicy in tlie various departinentB ..f Drawing and raint- ing, including industrial designs. " STATISTICS. Number of Mechanics' Institutes and Free Libraries reported .... 216 Number ..f members and readers ' ' " "_ (jy ygg Number of evening classes ' ;2 Number ..f reading rooms 138 Number of neivspajjors and periodicals ' * ' 4 opj Number of v.)lume8 in lil.raries !!!'.!! 4'2t»' !>(!() Number of volumes issued j 12'> 4ii() Total receipts '.'.:'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.['.[:[ $l7:i,MHi Total assets. . $663,310 1 roticieiicy certihcate granted for Primary Drawing Course 4 114 Full teachers' certificates f.jr Primary Course 104 I ...ticioiicy certificates granted for Advanced Drawing Course . . . . 30 i Full teachers' certificates f.ir Advanced Course '. 23 Proficiency certificates for Mechanical Course ......'. 101 Extra subjects aa Medals .... 15 Special certificates .'. . . Ifi 92 ^ CO 13 ^ ^ o 'S '-I I* *^j ^ r— ( s s o es O ^ l-l u o OS ?i » 9 TS "O o M <\ "S a 00 cs »-H «-i eS a -a s -1^ « C4 a es • r» H oc oa ■^ 0) 0) 4!> d 5 a. -tj a; "S •5 Q X S 1-^ o c a> .^J o *J eg w eS o V ??= s ■^ "o W &tl O a) c JS hn 13 c c T3 • fH ,..1^ 3 ^ o s <*- C h 9 'r O a 2 <; tM >-) SB 13 '5. < W o H o •«! ^ H a; rt) •4^ > eS •■4 ^ 00 3 ■< a: a >!; H O S8 8? 00 S8 »-" 't' ;© i- 15 ^ S « S t~ w :?? i 2 8 - 9 5 ••■ »o »o -^ t N CC i2 05 -T — *:? ?: :- ■^ ^ tC m r- W O iC o M O I-- i-H cc e^ 1^ in IM 1-1 !- ?? o 5 s in t^ h. c -1 rl W W rJ !2 i in CS o ^ o o in cc X o :r -o .S o X in i- X M (M !iS n -T m c: in o O t" -r rH CS t— CO e-i \ %) i f 93 i§ * I ^ T3 rr" a :3 c4 1« •"^ c4 js M. a (^< "O o c tn c« a ■l £ •J U4 e f. 11 13 2 b ca V 11 X 3 0) -4-a a 2 o !« u 3 c 3 M «u, s JJ ill ^ T i'- 1^ 5i CO c^ c*5 '^^ M t~- -o t^ r- M T 8 S S5 "^ en oo 00 2; f CO ^- "fi t^ -!• iM r^ 'f. N t~ M ^j, 2P S (M 30 ;g ^ I I - t, C^, ^ o u § g o C-l 00 i 00 X s =^ •- •o o OS o O (M >>< 00 00 o fe £; ';r =^ g o If; i; 25 o 00 Q g « o ^ CO in CO IM CO cs CI O IM CO so CO 00 o S a a '• 'i Qo" "; ; M ■ S5 -D . J3 « c« • W =4 ClC ^ D • -= y u< ■ «s: tie 's * c 0>-! 3 £" 0) CQ O/ _C 3 S : c : a 52 : •E rt ■ X.; « ^r2 5 v: g. 0; 0, o oi tic - c «q o 1> 73 " c r _ 5 .? "rt « ";: o SSa, o H o S s £ .a u 03 is 05 C C5 3 3 H S s 3 s ' li tic — O taC S ■5 3 "3 "a "S 2 2. O O i-l ■-I (M (M CO IN is 94 ■•i UPPER CANADA COLLEGE. Upper Canada College is one of the earliest established educational institu- tions of Ontario. The original intention of its founders was to have it modelled after the great public schools of Kngland. It received a large grant of public land from tlie Legislature, and from this endowment it ha ! derived an annual income sufficient for its maintenance without any additional charge on the revenues of the Province. For a long time Upper Canada College has held a prominent position among the secondary schools of the country. It has prepared a great many students for the University and for the leained professions, and a large number of the most distinguished public men of the Province-received the benefits of the training it affords. For many years it was an adjunct of the University of Toronto and managed V)y a committee of the senate of that institution. An important change was made in its management by an Act of the Legislature passed in LS87. Tliat statute provided for its management by a board of five trustees appointed by the Lieutenant-Governor. The trustees have power to make regulations for the admission of pujjils, for fixing the fees to be paid by pupils, for the care of college property, and generally for promoting the efficiency of the institution. All masters must hold qualifications like those required of teachers in High Schools, and as regards the methods of instruction, discipline and organization, it is subject to the same inspection as High Schools. All regulations made by the trustees or by the Principal, after approval by the trustees, must be submitted to the Minister of Education. The Principal is required to report ai.nually regard- ing the attendance of pupils, the nund)er in the difierent cla.s,ses, the number promoted, the number retiring from the college, and generally such information as maybe desired by the Minister of Education. By the same Act of 1887, provision was made for the removal of Upper Canada College from the block of land it occupied on King street, Toronto, to some other site approved by the Lieutenant-Governor in Council. The site chosen is one of the finest in the Province, just to the north of the city limits and commanding a view in the distance of the new Parliament buildings to the south. The site itself is on an eminence 32'> feet above the level of the lake. From all .sides the prospect is very fine and as the centi-e of a charming landscape with surroundings the most atti'active Jind beautiful, no l)otter site could be desired for a first-class residential school for boys. Roads and sidewalks have been con- structed, a thorough system of drainage has been carried out, and the grounds have been laid out with the tlesign of s.'curing, in addition to the gyumasiuin, pleasant and healthful means of recreation. nstitu- jdelkd public annual venues iniiient a great a large benefits lanaged icje was . That I by the for the ■ college m High aiion, it by the litted to regard- nutnber lation as f Upper onto, to ^he site inits and le south. From all ape with ired f'oi' icen con- ! grounds nnasiuin, O O H 5^ O A O H M 2 J o -J! o o ■•:: :/ T ■•^. i' »■■■ 95 The building is in the form of a quadrangle, its front measurement being 258 feet long. 58 feet deep, the west wing 150 feet long and 60 feet deep, and the east wing 164 feet long and 50. feet deep. There is a separate building for laundry purposes. The plumbing, heating, lighting and ventilation, furniture and internal arrangements of the building are of the most approved character. It is intended to accommodate 200 resident pupils and has class rooms also provided for 140 pupils. The following constitute the staff of the Colleffe :— George Dickson, M. A.. Principal and First English Master 32,Go6 VV. S. Jackson, B.A., Dean of Residence and First Classical Master I'oOO G. B. Sparling, M.A., First Mathematical Master i^goo S. B. Leacock, B A., First Modern Language Master I'sOO A. Y. Scott. B.A., M.D., CM., Science Master .".'.'".'.'." '500 A. A. Macdonald, M.A., Second Classical Master 1 2OO D. Hull, B. A., Second Mathematical Master 1 200 VV. Allan Neilson, M.A., Second English Master . . . . . . . '90O O. Pelham Edgar, B.A , Second Modern Language Master 1 000 J H. Collinson, B.A., Third Classical Master '700 F. VV. Terry, B.A., Third English Master '..".'.'.'.'.'.'...'. liOO G. W. Johnson, Esq., First Commercial Master " 1 500 F. H. Carpenter, Esq. , Second Commercial Master ' " 'gQO Walter Robinson, Es(i.. Musical Director 200 Percy VV. Mitchell, Esq., Violin i?-l„ W. A Forsyth, Esq , Piano .'.'...''.".".".".■.'.'.■.'.'.".■ " George Bowles, Esq., Organist " R. Holmes, Kat\., Drawing Master .............. 400 Sergt. Halfpenny, Gymnastic and Drill Instructor 400 9 (E.S.) 96 THE PROVINCIAL UNIVERSITY. FUNCTIONS. The highest institution of learning in Ontario controlled by Provincial authority is the University of Toronto. It is the copestone of the educational structure. From its halls of science, philosophy and literature are graduated every commencement day about one hundred students in the Faculty of Arts. Its departments of Law an' 1 Medicine and its affiliated institutions of Divinity have given to the coimtry many of its most distinguished lawyers, doctors and clergymen. Applied science, agriculture, dentistry, pharmacy and music have each gained its connection, and in every calling in lite where scholarship is. needed, the University of Toronto is able to number its a^Mviiui among successful men. Its graduates ha^ sjtk .lany of the highest positions as teachers and professors in Canadian and - i 'i', . colleges. In the counsels of the Province and of the Dominion, in every learned profession, and even in the Imperial House of Commons, distii. ••' jbed representatives of Toronto University have won more than a local reputu.tioii " Excelsior " was the motto of Longfeiiovi s youthful hero, and it is often the motto of the holder of a High School Leaving or Matriculation Certificate ns he aims by obtaining a university training to reach greater heights in the acquisi- tion of knowledge. The L^niversity of Toronto attracts to its Arts course hundreds of the gifted students of the secondary schools. In its classes are found many of the brightest sons and daughters of rich and poor, of farmer and mechanic, of merchant and professional men. It is cheerfully sustained by Protestant and Roman Catholic, and it has a large body of devoted graduates representing all the leading religious denominations. More than once its friends have proved themselves faithful to it', intei'ests, and in nearly every town and city in Ontario, as well as in other parts of Canada and in the United States, its graduates are to be found watching its progress, discussing its policy and work- ing vigorously, when necessary, to guard its rights and to extend its usefulness. It is the child of the state. When the nation was young it received its endow- ment, and it is now every year paying the Province compound interest for the investment. It has no party politics. It is a conservative force guarding the educational citadel from ill-advised innovations, and at the same Lime an agent of progress and enlightenment seeking to incorporate new elements of strength and righteousness into the future of higher education which has been reared by years of Christian enterprise. The entire system of education in Ontario has been established with the object of making good citizens. It is assumed that the state is benefited by having its educational facilities brought as nearly as possible within the reach of all. With all our Public Schools free, and our High Schools either free or available by the payment of comparatively low fees, the University of Toronto also opens it.s doors on easy terms to all students who pass the Matriculation examinations. In ii Provincial educational rrrailuatecl CD .ty of Arts. :)f Divinity loctors and music have lolarship i* I,' successful iaehers and he Province le Imperial ersity have ; is often the :ificate as he the acipiisi- Arts course i classes are f farmer and ustained by id 2i'a3 55 9T the Arts department the instruction given has in view somethinc; more than Huxley's idea of " a liberal education." Accepting the honest convictions of those favorable as well as of those adverse to denominational oversight in the training of youth, the Univei'sity Federation Act has presented a solution of a problem at one time embarrassing to statesmen and dangerous to the progress of higher education. Assuming to help in shaping and furthering tlie educational policy of the State the University of Toronto proceeds in an unprejudiced and impartial manner, and summons to its counsels the wisest minds of every class of scholars in the country. The aim is to present to its students the strongest incentives to industry and uprightness, and thus to furnish them with the best facilities for the development of character. It holds before them from the pages of history the noblest examples of patriotism and virtue, points with pardonable pride to its own sons holding the most honorable and responsible positions in the Domin- ion, and strives to fashion those seeking its advantages, if not according to the letter, at least according to the spirit of Milton's lofty dictum : — " I call there- fore a complete and generous education, that which fits a man to perform justly, skilfully and magnaminously, all the offices, both private and i)ubUc, of peace and of war." THE BUILDINGS. Black, the novelist, regards the University of Toronto as " the only college building in America worthy a place in the classic streets of Oxford." The many persons who annually visit Toronto from Europe and the United States never fail to admire the chief educational structure of Ontario, The spacious lawns, shady groves and beautiful ravines — the drive around the recently erected Parliament buildings — large and massive in appearance — Victoria University — the other numerous affiliated and federated institutions of learning which adorn the Queen's Park, as well as the architectural beauty of the University itself, present a pleasing picture to the eye of the tourist. For many years the University experienced repeated changes in its local habitation as well as in the scope of its functions. That stately pile which forms the centre of the cluster of collegiate buildings devoted to the work of the University was partly destroyed by fire three years ago, but it has since been reconstructed with many internal improvements. Considerable extension has been effected in the numbers, capacity and adequate equipment of the lecture rooms and laboratories. Much attention has also been given to improvements in heating, lighting and ventilation. The new School of Biology which harmonizes in sti-ucture with the Univer- sity is one of the handsomest and most substantial buildings on the continent devoted to that department of science. Its corridors, lecturs rooms and laboia- tories are of a very spacious character. The central portion is assigned to the University Biological Museum. This contains, in addition to other collections, an extensive and valuable series of preparations used for illustrating the lectures in animal and vegetable morphology and embryology. To the south and east of the University stands the School of Practical 98 Science, a large four-stoty building, where stiidents have extensive facilities for gaining proficiency in the different departments of Applied Science. Tlie accommodation has in view extensive courses in Chemistry, Mineralogy, Assaying and Engineering. A new building for Chemistry is to be provided this year to the west of the School of Practical Science. This building is to be in the form of a quadrangle, with the lecture-rooms on one side and the laboratories on the other. There will be laboratory accommodations for 200 students, and the lecture-rooms will hold about 350. With the supply of new apparatus to be provided it is expected the equipment for instruction in Chemistry will be one of the finest in America. Between the School of Biology and the University has recently been com- pleted the new Library, on plans embracing the most recent improvements derived from the experience of leading Universities in Germany and the United States. It contains a fire-proof room to accommodate 120,000 volumes, a read- ing-room to accommodate 200 students, and seminary rooms for various depart- ments of instruction. Within the last vear there has been erected to the north and east of the main building a spacious and well equipped gymnasium. This is intended to afford ample provision for physical training to all students of the University, South-west of the Biological School is situated the building of the Young Men's Christian Association. It is well fitted up and forms a convenient place for the students to hold religious meetings. The large number of ladies who of late years are taking up the B.A. course has recently given rise to a project for the erection of a residence for women attending the University. A suitable site has been oflered for the purpose by the University authorities and a number of the citizens of Toronto have taken considerable interest in the object. ORGANIZATION. By legislative enactment the Provincial University now consists of the University and University College, which have their respective functions Various bodies are entrusted with the management of these institutions. 1. The Crown. The supreme authority in all matters continues to be the Crown, from whom emanated the charter that erected the University. All appointments, therefore, rest with the Lieutenant-Governor, and all statutes of the Senate to be binding must receive his approval. All property is vested in the Crown and is managed and administered by an officer appointed by the Government. 2. The Board of Trustees. This body is entrusted with general powers as to the management of the endow^ment and consists of ten irembers, viz., the Chancellor, the Vice-Chancellor, the President of University College, five mem- bers elected by, but not necessarily members of the Senate of the University, and two members elected by, but not necessarily members of, the Council of University College. w facilities for donee. The •y, Assayinj,' west of the quadrangle, There will ns will hold L'Xpected tlie imerica. y been com- nprovementa I the United mes, a read- ious depart- 1 east of the ded to afford f the Young enient place 3 B.A. course e for women e purpose by have taken isists of the ve functions ions. lies to be the ^ersity. All 1 statutes of is vested in inted by the al powers as ers, viz., the re, five mem- liversity, and 5 Council of 'A. The Senate. This body con.sists of ((t) ex-ofjicio nieiiibors, (/<) appointed nienibers and (c) elected uieinbcrH, niakinj,' 61 in all. The functions of the Senate are the general administration of the University. It has to do with tlio appointment of e.Kaminers, the j)rescril»ing of courses of sttidy, the ti.ving of standards for examination, the granting of degrees, and may be said to give general direction as regards the policy to bo pursued in University matters. The Chancellor is elected by the graduates and the Vice-Chancellor is chosen from actual members of the Senate at its Hrst meeting after a triennial election. 4. Convocation. Convocation consists of the whole bodv of graduates of the University in all its faculties. It elects the Chancellor, and, in divisions accor- ding to faculty, it elects members of the Senate as its representatives in Arts, Law and Medicine. The result of its discussions is not bindinj; on the Senate but may be communicated to that body for action to be taken thereon. 5. The Universitij Goionc'd. This body is composed of a president, who shall also be President of the University College, and the Professors in the University. It has full authority and responsibility of discipline over all students in relation to professors and other teachers. It has also entire authority respecting the societies and associations of the students. All oHicers ami servants of the Uni- versity are also subject to its authority, and on its report the laboratory fees to be paid by students are determined by the Lieuteuant-Gavernor in Council. 6. The CoionaU of University GoUei/i'. Like the University Council, this body has control over students of University College and authority over its servants. It consists of the President and Professors of the College, together with the Dean of Residence. It has larger duties and powers, however, than the University Council, being constituted a corporation. FACULTIES— THE ARTS COr^RSE. The L^niversity now possesses teaching faculties in Law and Medicine as well as in Arts. It was felt that the advantages of a well-equipped faculty for the course in Arts might readily be made available for the students of Medicine and thus elevate the standard of medical education. A similar opportunity gave rise to the establishment of a faculty of Law. To furnish instruction for students in Arts has always, however, been held as the main object of the Piovincial University. Its endowment hos been regarded as primarily intended for the advancement of higher education, and its resources have been guarded in the interests of those taking the B.A. course. The clo^e relations which exist between the University and the Secondary Schools of Ontario have given to the former a national position perhaps unsurpassed by any University in any other land. This connection is now felt by the University to be far more valuable than a large addition to its endowment. The Universitv draws the "cream " from the Hijjh Schools and Collegiate Institutes of the Province — more valuable than gifts of money or scholarships. The curriculum has been arianged with due regard for the aims of those who desire simply a liberal education as well as of those intending to enter some profession. It has provided such a course of literature, mathematics, lUO scionco and plulosopliy as servos tlio purposes of all students who desire a high ncademic training, and l»y its provisions for afliliation and federation, facilitii?s are secured in tlio interests of the various reiif,Mou.s tlenoniinutions and of the learned professions. The division of the Arts course into what are termed I'niversity and College suhjects, res[)ectively, marks an iinpoitant development of University orfjaniza- tion. To the University professoriate are assigned the departments of Mathe- matics, Physics, Chemistry, Jiiolocry, l*hysiolofj;y, Mineralo<,'y and Ceoloi^y, His- tory and Ethnolojry, Italian, Spanish. Comparative Philolo},'y, Political Keonomy, Constitutional History, LoLfic, and Mental Philosophy. In University C!()lleiir(l, U.A. French : — Associate Professor .lolin Sijuair, l'>..\. Lecturer— .lohn Home Cameron. I'>. A. Fellow— W. C. P. Bremner, M.A. Oriental Literature : Professor— .1. F. McCurdy. Ph.D. Lecturer -D. W. McGee. IV A. Ethics :— Professor -.lames (I ilison Hume, M.A., Ph.D. Till- -SCHOOL Ol* PRACTICAL .SCIKNCL FUNCTIONS. The Scliool of Practical Science, whicli is now attended by 138 students, was founded by Act of the Looislative Assembly in 1S77. An arrangement was entered into with the Council of University College whereby the students of the Scliool received instruction in those Uiuveri^ity subjects which were included in the work of the School. In 18S9, the School was affiliated to the University of Toronto. In 1890, vory large additions were made to the original building. The latter was set apart for the work in Chemistry, Mineralogy and Assaying, while the Engineering and Architectural Departments were accommodated in the now building, a large portion of which is occupied by the Engineering Laboratory. This Laboratory has been equipped with the most modern machinery and appar- atus for carrying on original investigations in steam engineering, hydraulic and electrical engineering, strength of materials of construction, stanchird.s of lengtli etc. The cost in fees for a full course is SI 20. The Department of Chemistry is provided with laboratories for (jualitative and quantitative analysis, toxicology, etc. In tlie Department o{' Mining Engineering there are laboratories for assay- ing, blowpi])e analysis, microscopic lithology, etc. For instruction in Surveying and Practical Asti'onomy the School is supplied witli a good collection of the oi'dinary field in.struments — transit levels, etc. — and als(j with a ten-inch theodolite astronomical and geodetic work. The Departments of instruction are : — 1. Civil EngiiieiM'ing, including Sanitary Engineering. •2. Meehanieal and Electrical Enoineerinof. 3. Mining Engineering. 4. Architecture. 5. Analytical and Applied Chemistry. IS' /i'l 'A; \ i snt.s, was ent was ts of the iluded in ersity of ncr. The f\ ig, M'hile the now boratory, id appai- -ulic and t' length alitative r assay- irveyinLj II of tho leodolite u Tlir iiiHtructi .•iln.i ti. 1,'ivu 1 ^,. iinitisHHioiii III iir.li>!' til [.,. yt'iiiH' cotll' jv i>n it'll OH i fun\isl.v piiism> f.piut.li yi'ar. Lt'ction with fitli \i'\r iii'i' • iiit'i. llraili jfil Kii^iiiiMir (I Th.' facu |E.,assisttMl ,'oral profes The Ins ental Farm Intro of itn le liy rail f Jo of which ^ncc is well Tlu' ins kiirse (if stu jucU'iits \vh( Irms, (Uirin* ractical t'ai line a diploi iHii'lin:^; in I liird y ^mmtn anc iltm was altvu'al ent.s, of wh (le]iartm( bm SCO to The fac irge staff o 107 Til.' iiistnictK.n uivoii m oiicli of Uiohc -IfpiirtiiKMiU \h (lesiKiuMl t.. uivo ili,. sMi.l,.|.t ■, tlmr Ml Kmuu1c(1;,'o i.f tho scioiitilic principhw uiuU)ilyiii« tlio prnctico in tin- sc^vnal pn.tv'ssiouM J uiso In t{iyo liim "iich a tniuiitiy nn will iiriko liim iiiinu-dintdy nsoful «li..ii h,. .nt.TH iia.i live |iriil't!H8iniml work. In ,,r,i.T to iitlnra iiii opportunity of tdkinir full iior,itori(is 11 fourth or p'>Ht i,'i uliiatt' ywir lian ]>w\ .•ntHhlislu.ri. h, tlic n^'uli'ir leoyi'iirs' cour.si) tlio livltonitiry iiml prjictical woik is (,f huuIi a niituro that it can l.c Hum-HH- By cuTioil on in tlio intcrvalH hiHwoon IccturoK All lali..ratory work wlii.li cannot l.i- advan- KoiiMJy luirsnoil in comuiction with a tixml Mnm tahlo fur l.'.otui'us h ih h^i'u ivscrvftl fcr h CiMi'th year. Tho fourth yuar is thus ussoiitially a liiltoratory ymr. Loctinvs ar." i^ivL^n in Lci'tii'ii with till) work as oofasio I ro<|Min's ( iraduatos whu' fuliil the n'i|uiromfiit.r of tlio trth year aiv i!li<,'il»lo f If this (U'f,'ri'i' of I'.acliolor uf Aiiplir.l S/iiMnu- (!'.,. \..Sc.) rniMT.sity df bmto. ( irailuat.i'H of t.lu' DopirMm-nt nf Civil Kii'^innorini! aro also eli^'jliV. f^r thi- doLtreo'of Iril Kii'jiniMsr (C.l'i.) Univor,sity of Torotito, ufter throo yoar.s of practical work. Tlio faculty consists of tln' priTicipal, .lolm (Julbntith, M.A., A.ssoc. M. Tiist., |K.,a-^sist(\(l Ity a lar<:c staff of instiuctors in (luj ijilit'ivnt (lepiu'tmi'iits, iiiclinhiu' Vera! ))rofossor.s of the rnivcrsity. ONT.ARK) .\(;kIClJLTURAI. COLLKGK. F I NOTIONS. The [iistitution known as the "Ontario Ai;ri(:uUnr!il College nml I'lxperi- jeiital Farm, is sitnatod about a mile to the south of the city of (juolpli, in the [litre of an extensive a[,n'icultnral find noted stoclc-i'aising district, readily aece.ss- Ic hy rail from all parl.s of the province. The farm consists of 550 acres, about 1)0 of which are cleared. Tt is compo.sed of almost every variety of s • 1, and ;iico is well suited for the ])in'pos(' for which it was selected. The instructicm ojiven at the Institution is embraced under two h e.uls, a liu'se of study and a course of apprenticeshi)). The latttn- is intended for spicial luih'nts who come in for practical farmino- for the autuiiiii. winter and sprinif inns, (luring which they are employed in rottition in each of six departments of tactical farm labor. The course of study is for two years, at the end of which liue a diploma is granted. Holders of a diploma, who have obtained a certain iHinliu:^' in the theoretical and practical work of the first two years, may remain hird year. In 1HS8 the College w^as afliliated with the University of loroiito and an examination for the Degree of Bachelor of the Science of Agri- iltM' was instituted, to which only students of the third year in the Ontario ^,^T. iltural College may be admitted. The institution is attended by 217 stu- ents, (.f whom 159 are taking the regular course. The cost of maintenance in •leiiartments is !?59,201. Students who arc residents of Ontario are charged |:oin SGO to !?G' year ; other students pay from SlIO to §105 a year. The faculty consists of the principal, James Mills, M.A., LL.D., assisted by a irge staff of profe.ssors and instructors. 108 SCHOOLS I'OR SPl'XIAL CLASSKS. INSTITUTION l«OR rill' Dl'Al- AND DUMl^. The Legislature of Ontario lias miule ample provision to meet the cdueatium! requirements of the deaf unites of the Province. Tlu' Institution fo;- the Dc and Dumb, situated at the city of Belleville, is open to all deaf mutes froia .sevei to twenty-one years of age wlio are residents of Ontario, and wlio are not deiicit'Di in intellect and are free from contagious diseases. The object in founding and maintaining thi.s Institute is to afford education; advantages to those v^'ho are, on account of deafness either partial or total, unaU! to receive instruction in Public school.';. The period of instruction is seven yeai-; witli a vacation of nearly three months duiing the summer of each year. Pareiiil or guardians who are able to pay are charged the sum of SoO a 'ear for boari There are no charges for tuition, books and medical attendance. Nothing musi be furnished by parents or friends. The course of instruction is both scholastic and industrial. In the former tkl work is analagous, so far as the capacity of the pupds will allow, to that of ik elementary schools. The modes of instruction eujployed are the manual alphahet signs, writing and articulation or \'isible .'ipeech. In the Industrial Department, the trades of printing, carpentering and slm,- making arc taught to boys, and girls are instructed in general domestic work tailoring, dressmaking, sewing, knitting, the use of the sewing machine aiid ,sucli| ornamental and fancy v.'ork as may be desirable. Since the Institution was opened in 1870, not fewei- than {)()» children liav> received the benefits of the instruction given. M(jst of those who have attendci have turned out well, and have become an intelligent, law-abiding class. Tlioii lives have been niade less irksome and their lonely lot eheei-ed by the opening ii, to them of some stores of know!i,.lge and a few avenues of usefulness. Aboit -240 children are usually in attendance, and their content.'d and happy mann-r uu quite apparent to all who have vi^it(Ml tht; Institution. In the organization :iiii management of the In.stitute, advantage has been taken of the most impro.fi methods of instruction recognized in America and in Kuropc for training the dcat and dumb. The Superintendent is .Mr. R. .Mathieson, who i.< assist.-d \>y > of teachers. INSTITUTION FOR rill': IILIXD. I large numiai The Institution foi' the edueati(jn of the- lilin.l was establii,hed in the cit\ 4 Bxantford in 1872 Like th.,- Institution foi- the iJeaf and Dund), it is inten.l^'. to be sup-^lementary to the I'ublic school system of the Province. Youths between U e ages oi' seven and twenty-one are admitted who are not disqualiticd mi;. ) educational o;- tlie Ufa: i fri'Si, .sovfij notdcHciiTil educational total, unalill .seven yearJ tinr. Paroiitil V foi' lioarol )thin use of emb I card, wdiicl hlind [)n\n Where the vocal and i marked pr have been now an iiii kindernart Coasi find that t chair and as a coni[)( Girls knitting r com f ortab Atten thenic exe tory provi and evcnii every Sun are increa: tutc of abi The s teachers. Accoi Boards of training;' \i- tan^-ht. 2 to a bene Secretary of niimnge The the ui'nera 109 by disease or mental capacity, but whose sight is so defective or impaired as to prevent tlietn from receiving education by the ordinary methods. No chavces are made for tuition in tlie case of pupils admitted from Ontario. It is not considered that children deprived of sight or hearing sliould be treated simply as objects of cliarity, l)ut that the state owes them an education like other youths of the countiy. Pupils are taught arithmetic, grammar, geography, reading, writing, and at a more advanced stage, English literature and history. Reading is taught by the use of embossed type traced by the fingers, and writing with the aid of a grooved card, which acts as a guide to the hand. The ordinary expedients in the case of blind pupils are employed to give information in geogrd])hy and natural history. Where the alnlity of the pupils justifies, very valuable instruction is given in vocal and instrumental music. Many graduates of the Institution have shown marked proficiency with the pianoforte, organ or violin, and the lives of hundreds have been made happier by the training thus obtained. A kindergarten class is now an important department of the Institution, and the work of the little l)lind kindergartners creates a great deal of interest. Considerable attention is given to industrial training. Many of the boys find that the willow shop presents an excellent means of gaining a knowledge of chair and Ijasket making. In a few sessions an intelligent youth may graduate as a competent workman and become able to earn a living for himself. Clirls are instructed in sewing and knitting, including the use of sewing and knitting machines, and have in this way been trained to provide for themselves a comfortable living. Attention is paid to physical training by instruction in gynmastic and calis- thenic exercises. The health of the pupils is carefully looked after, and satisfac- tory provision is matle for religious instruction by devotional exercises mornmg and evening, and by attendance at the churches of their respective denominations every Sunday. The pupils have access to a good library of embossed books which are increased in numbers from yeai' to year. There is an attendance at the Insti- tute of about 150 pupils. The staff consists of Mr. A. H. Dyniond, Principal, and a large number of teach I -rs. INDUSTRIAL SCHOOLS. According to the provisions of "The Industrial Schools Act" of Ontario, I5(iards of Trustees in any city or town may establish schools in ndiidi industrial training is provided, and in which children are lodged, clothed and fed, as well as tau-ht,' A Board of Trustees may delegate these powers, rights and i.rivileges to u lienevolent or philanthropic' society, but in such a case thr Chainuan and Seer.tary of the Board and the School Inspector become members of the b.^ird of management. i i 1 The trustees provide the teachers necessary for the industrial schoo , and the j^cneral superintendent of the .school nmst, when practicai>le, be selected from 110 tlie toachei's .so }i])pointi'il. Any person may brin^- bot'ore the Police ^fugi-stratc, or before some other eoinpetent nuthority, any cliihl apparently under the age of Ibuiteen yeai.s who comes within the followinj;- (li'scri])tions :— 1. Wild is found Vwgniiig or receiviiis; .ilins, (pf lii'iiit,' in any street or public ]pla(o for tbe purpose of beggin<,' or reueivinu' nlms ; 2. Who is fouml wanderiiij,', and not havinuany home nr settled place of abode or projier i,niiirdianshii), or nut luiviui; any lawful ciceupaiiim or business, or visible means of tnbsisteuce; ;{. Who is fomid destitute, either beinii' an oriihan. or havui;^ a surviving parent wiio is uiider- going penal servitudt- or ini|)risnnuient : 4. Whose jparent. slep-|)arent or guardian rei)resonts to the judge or magistrate that he is iniable to control tlie child, and that he desires the child to be sent to an industrial sclincl, U!ider this Act ; 5. Who, by reason of the neglect, drunkenness or other vices of the parents, is suHered tu bo gmwiug up without saiui.iry parental contrul and education, or in circumstances exposing him to lead an idle and dissolute life ; (}. Who has been found guilty of petty crime, and wlio, in the opinion of the judge or magistrate before whom he has been convicted, should be sent to an industrial school instead of to a gaol or reformatory. The judoe or maujistrate, if .satisfied on entjuiry that it is expedient to deal with the child under the Act, mav order him to be sent to acertitied indnstriiil school for a period not extendint,' beyond the time when the child will attain the age of sixteen years. The trustee board or .society may adnut into its industrial school all children apjiarently under the age of fourteen years whoareconunitted by the judoe or maoistrate, and it has power to place said children at such em])loy- ments and cause them to be instructed in such branches of useful knowledge as are suited to their years and ca{)acity. The Act provides for havin^^. as far as practicable, Roman Catholic chiMien sent to Roman Catholic industrial schools, and other children to other industrial schools. A uunister of the religious persuasion to which a child appears to beloni; may visit the child at the .school on such days and at such times as may be tixcd by regulations of tlie Education Department. The Minister of Edueation may, at any time, order any child to be dischaigL'd under certain conditions fi'om an industrial school. The school corporation or society may make rules for the management .uid discipline of the industrial .school, but such rules must Iw consistent with the Act, and must be approved by the Education I) ; art meat before beinii enforced. In ease a child sent to an industrial schot)l has not resided in the city or town in which the said school is situated, or to which it is attached, for a [lerio'l of one year, Itut has resided for tliat period in some other comity, city or to^vii, the school board or society may recover from the corporation of such county, city or town the expense of maintaining tlie child. An Industrial School was established a few years ago at Mimico, a slioit di.stance from Toronto. The total expenditure was abimt $100,001), which wa.s partly raised by sub.scrij.tion and partly met by the Legislature and city corpnru- tioii. The buildings consist of one large and three smaller " cottages^' besi-h's workshops, and a large new building will soon be ready for occupaUon. Tleie is a farm of Hfty acres attached, and by working ui.on this, as well as in the wnrk- z y. Ill shop>. th.. buys a,^ truined to in.lustrious habits. Mauv beco.n. nuite .kilful at dirt .r..nt trades, such as shoe.naki.io, tailorin^r,. p.-inting, etc. The cost of .aainte.i- ance .. lessened by teaching the boys to make their own clothes and shoes and to do tludr own washing, ironing and men-ling. The result has been that nmnv boys otherwise worthless, and even vicious, have been trained to become useful citizrns. The school is non-denominational, and has enrolled children whose paients are Anglicans, Methodists, Presbyterians, Roman Catholics etc About 200 children are in attendance. The cost is about $2 a week for each and the Le-i-^latiire makes a grant of 33,500 to the institution. Another school of the kind has been proposed for Hamilton. Corresponding to the Industrial School for Boys, a refuge for young girls uixler the age of fourteen years, has been established in counection^he Mereer Reformatory, Toronto. The institution is inider the control of the Provincial Insi.eetor of Prisons and Public Charities. It is sustained by grants from the Legislature, and like the Industrial School at Mimieo, the result^Tof the training given have been of the most satisfactory kind. A Rc'"ormatory for Boys at Penetanguishene, has for a number of years, been sustained and conducted by the Province. By the custody and detention of boys convicted of crime, the institution has done much towards the moral reclamation of those confined therein. PROFESSIOXAL .SCHOOLS. The design of the Government of Ontario has been to provide a general educa- tion for all classes, and such a training as will enable any student who so desires to take a professional course. With the exception of the fees required, the Academic training is provided at the public expense, V)ut it is not the policy of the Piovince to provide free for students a professional education. Perhaps the only exceptions to this principle are to be found in the case of the Agricultural College and the School of Practical Science. As the interests of the farmers are largely hound up with those of the Province generally, the sulyect of Agriculture lias ihi.' )'ecognition in the Public School curriculum, and liberal grants from the h''gi^lature have been made to Farmers' Institutes, The expenditure annually made in liehalf of the Agricultural College at Cuelph is justified by the growing ini|)urtance of a knowledge of Seientitic xVgriculture to the farming community, and by the high postion gained by that Institution among Colleges with a ^iniilar object. Encouragement is also generously given in the Public and High ^ch^wl^, as well a.s in the Mechanics' Institutes, to drawing as a preliminary training for various industrial pursuits, and the erection and e([uipment of the School of Practical Science have been demanded in view of the inuuen.se mineral resources of the Province, which are now only beginning to be fully valued. In the case of other professions, such as law, medicine, dentistry, etc., the iutriition has been to require tho.se who take up those pursuits to gain, at their own expense, the knowledge or training necessary. These professions have, how- 112 ever, l)oen placed Ity law on such a basis as to fjnarantee to the public that those who follow such callings shall bo persons of good education and high professional acquirements. The statutes give largely to the memlters of each profession the power to make regulations regarding the examinations to be passed Ijy those desiring to enter such pi-ofession. The Law Society, which has its permanent seat at O.'igoode Hall, Toronto, makes regulations for admission to the profession of law. Tn order to enter upon the course a student must pass the Matriculation Examination for admis- sion to the Arts Faculty of a University, and must then take a five years' course and pass the examinations, which cover an extensive field of professional reatlintf. Many students previously taki' the B.A. or LL.B. degree in a University anil thereby shorten the course to one of three years. There has been establisheil by this Society a Law School, which students must attend a portion of the time. The College of Physicians and Surgeons for Ontario prescribe-: the course of study and conducts the examination tor all students who enter the medical pro- fession. To begin the study, a student must pass the Matriculation Examiiiatiim (with th" addition of science) as conducted by the Education Department. As in the case of law, Wvv. years are necessary to complete the course. There are six Medical Colleges in tin; Province, including the vledical Department of the Provincial University, but a degree from any University or College will not relieve a candidate from passing the examinations prescribed by the College of Physicians and Surgeons of Ontario. The College of Dentistry, Toronto, which is afiiliate I with the Provincial University, controls the entrance to that profession, and the College of Piiirinacy, also affiliated with the Toronto University, perscribes the course of study ami conducts the examinations for those who desire to become dfuirffists. Powers somewhat similar in character are held by Surveyors and Civil Engi- neers. The Ontario Veterinary Cjllege,Torouto,bas ac([uired a more than provincial reputation by the thorough training it gives to those who intend to practise the veterinary art. A number of Commercial Colleges have been established in the principal cities of the Province, where good facilities are offered to those desiring a business education. The increased attention now required to be given in the High Schools and Collegiate Institutes to the different departments of a business education, has no doubt enabled these institutions to irive a sfood commercial training without recjuiring students to lie at the expense of attending a < Jumnier- cial College. The incorporation of the " Stenographic Reporters' Association " is expected by the powers and privileges conferred to give valuable aid towards the study and practice of a profession growing in value. Music, both vocal and instrumental, has attained a high position in Ontario through the etHciency of the College of Music, (affiliated with Toronto University), the Conservatory of Music, and the various Ladies' C.jlleges. These latter institutions, as well as the different Art Scliools, have contributed much towards the progress of the fine arts, and the character of the exhibits made at the Art School examinations of the Education Department has for years been most commendable. Scientific and ii;} listorical research has been much inJebted to tho success of the Ciinadian lusti- ^ite, Toronto, which receives aid from the Lei,nslaturo, and to a numbeidt' other jiterary and Scientitic Associations in diH'eient parts of tlu; Province. Admission to the sacred calliny of the ministry is controlled liy tlie Respective denonnnations. In this, as in other professions, the Statn provides for ill candidates the Academic training furnished by the University. Some of the reliijious bodies have established Universities, of which their tlKolouicul schools r O O form departments. All the religious bodies, however, utilize paitly, and .some Entirely, tiie Arts course of the Prox-incial University. The rapid development )f education in the Province and the growing importance of a well-educated Ministry, have resulteil in the establishment and ei[uipment of several very brticient Theological Colleges. More and more it has come to be felt by the litlerent churches that a broad and liberal culture— a tliorouLdi knowledge of [theological learning — such a training as gives power and increased zeal for their lission — are urgently required of all vho would "carry the glad tidings" and be instrumental in spreading " peace and good will among men." RESULTS OF OUR EDUCATIONAL SYSTEM. Such are the main features of the Educational System of th(! Province of jOntario. Its results have fully justified the correctness of the principles liy jwhicli it was established, and the intelligence of the Legislature iiy whom .t has Ifroni time to time been improved. Recognizing the rapid strides of the Dominion in material {U'osperity, the necessity tor corresponding intellectual developnii;nt has not been ignored. The marvellous activity of the age in the investigation of Ipolitieal, social and religious questions has, in most countries, ati'ected in a few years the methods adopted for the spread of education. The thorough discussion of educational questions— a full and friendly criticism of every feature of our [system— the closest examination of its details and of its defects— have always 'een invited and have been productive of much go nl. It is believed that the importance of correct views on education;il matters is only just beginning to l)e understood. It is felt that the proper training of the youth of any country is a subject which should engage the best attention of the citizen and stitesnian. The limits which .should mark the functicms of the State and nnniicipality, (-t the nation and the church, and of the general connnunity and the indivi.lual, will, for years to come, afford a wide field for the operati(ms of educational retorm-is. The respective relations of University, Secondary and Elementary education, subjects of the curriculum, courses of .study, text-books, the best .sy.sten.s of trani- ins teachers,— these and many other topics may and .should be discussed wit i advantage. . . The system of education in Ontario is worthy of a free people. Its fruits are not difficult to discover. Among the boys and girls of the l>:ick "^^^^^^^^ well as among those of the largest cities, there is a hungorln- and ^^'''"'^'']^ ^J^ knowledge. To equip his children for the battle of life by givmg tlu'iu a, nu.ia 11 (E.s.) ^' H aiiil ml.llci'tiial triiiniii;^, is tlif laU'lalili' aiiiliitioti cil' the |»ar(;Mt in i\ crv iiari „( till' l'in\ itifr. All iiilri|iiM->iiiL;. iiiilu^l I'll His.ain I la w'-al 'i( llii;^' population (•(iiitn)|>tlie ilc'.iiiiif- lit (lir I'oiintiy. I'lMii.t til' thrir Pfoviiicc, liDpct'iil of tin- D'aniiiinn itiil iiilai'lu'd til ilic Biitisli Empire, ai'f till' |i"i)pli' of ( )iit irio. No iiaii'dw |ia'i'ioti>iii ctiiuaetci'i/L's the inhal)ilant> of Caiiaila. W'liilr ackiiowltnlLjiiii;' tlif fich ln'ritu;;. uliich is tlu'ir.N a« tin.' most valiialilt' nf Uritish (\iloiiics, tlu-y t'stccin it nf htim \aliii ami iiiip(iit.auir to ('ulli\at(' anil preserve the most t'rit'inlly relatiuiis witi ilie entire Knelisli speak itli;' race. Setthil, as the I'lcivilice has hcen, hy iK'nliJi III ililleren! nat innalilies aii'l reli'^ioiis. m hi'^h ie'_;anl Inr the ln'itad pi'lnoijiltsol i'lii-istiaiiit y, li;is etiahlcil it -, eiti/.ens In w ci k i ait the eilucationul prohlcinin suii a waN;!--!!! ile.slrn\- liii''_;cl\- the e\iU ,)!' lii'>()tf\' ami intulei aniM- ainliiivei innleia nmi lieiiiiMii.atinual s\si(iii toa ha the ■aiiie tune iiiui;il ami "(iml i'eariiej uei >\'y. IT' •ii/Us ami intelli''enl.;iii'l i y pan 4 ninii mil atriuti>iii I li-ritii;;. " (if n-IVHI iuiis witli liy l)ei.|il, lei pit's ol II ill Mli'li ;'i\o n- lit, jiii'l