742

INDEX.

Wnrde, R., 4, 13.
Wurreii. Admiral, 28!).

of Reiinio, Stiinit, & Co., 367,
Bros., 460.

J. H., *!(). «)!>. MIS, 664, 066,
M. H. lectuif,,341.
V,'.. 4()0,
Wtitcnniin, R., ;ini.
Watson, .V(liiiiriil.-:8l.
J. H.. Ol.'). tlUi, (>(i.1,
Wny, Kli/,iil)ot1i, 427,
WciitlicrlKic, Mr., .TOS,
AVcbh, (iovenior, 285, ,30-J, 507,
■\V()l)l)cr, — , 2'J4.

D, C, 665,
Wclc'li, Cafit, jr., at Boston, 284,

2!t!).
Welsh colonists, 113.
M., 375.
W., ;{75, .'iSl.
Weseott, Attonicv-Oeiicral, 411,
West and RcnUoll, r,->7.
West Coast, French ships on, 3i>l.
no French on the, 576.
map of, S.W.
Western ships' rootn, 409.
Weston, Mr. 334,
1'., 305.

trcasnrcr, 133.
W„ 28H, 301,
Capt., nu.
Wlinlo fishery in Fortune Bay, 298.
AVhah'rs from Cape (,*od, iW.
Whalinir, 20, (iO, 63, ,327.
l),v Basfiues, 4't, rm.
picture of, 80.
Wilder, Cnpt,, account of Placen-

tia, 183,
Whetstone, Admiral, 237,
AVliitbourne. Sir R.,in I^ewfound-
land in l.WS, 01.
account of, 70.
at Vau>rhan's colony. 111,
narrative, 116,

Whithourno— co»<.

jwtitlon for employment, 118.
commission, 207.
Junction, 61.S,
railway to, 623.
White. Capt. Hon. E., 227, 330,
33!l. , 341, ,3,W, 402,66.5,
1', !>., 665, ,
W'hite Bay, 247, 278, S»7.

seals in. 4!i2.
White J^car Bay, Newfoundland,
42.
Harbour, 610,
White, (^handler, 6,37, (»8,
White Hill plai'is, 62!l.
AVhite Island, 27S.
Whitely, A\'. H.. 016, mr,.

nmm, view jof, 608,
\> hiteway. Sir W. V., 428, 405,501,
502, 500, ,508, 514, 621), 550, 614,
61,5.
advocates construction of
railway by local jtovern-
nient. 623,
portrait of, 500,
WhittiiiKton, Capt., 64,
Whittle, Mr. 520.
Widdicomb, .1., 375.
Widdoinas, G., of Berry Pomeroy,

157,
William "ommodore, 182, 211.
(ieoi , 375, 6,52, 653.
firillii.i, 206, 427, 652, 663.
John, ,38",
nurse, 6 ,i.
T.,,301,3S2, 654, 655,
Harbour, 617.
title, 337.
V. Thompson. 654
Willis, Knsijtn, ,382, (i56,

A., of Boston, 407.
Wil'outthbee, Sir P., 137.
AVilson & Co., 4ti0,
- -. 617.

Winchen, Mr., 268.
AVinsor, P., 438, 465, 468, OM,
Winser Harbour, 610, 617,
Winsor, 017,

AVinter (Perkins and), 410.
Dr, J„ 4«8, 684,
Sir I. S„ ■VJ\ 529, 532, 660, ti63,

66.5,
port? ait of, 531.
AViiithrop, Oovernor, 152.
AVintou, F., (KB,
K., 428,411.
attack on,l36, 4,'W.
AVithers (Ryan &),441,
AVithss Bay, 271,
Wolfcnbiittel map, inscription

on, about Labrador, 500.
Wollaston, Capt., 103.
AVood (Clift fe Co.), 527.
AVood, F, A, 614.
J. B. 455, 666.
Samuel, 174.
VV. ()., (105.
AVoodford. AV. J,, 665.
Woods. H. J. B., 5i!), 665,
J, & Sons, 626.
S., .527,

J. & Sons, 527,
AVright, Nathan, 149.
AVrixoi), .\my and AVilliani, 155.
AVyatt, F. J., 665,
Wyng, Wm„ 280.

Yore, Father, .304.
Young, at Calais Roads, in the
lire ships, 82.

A., 345.

J., 171.

Zealot, fishing at, 876.
Zoar, 595, 618,

A HISroKV OF ^

The Churches in Newfoundland

BY VARIOUS WEITEKS

A SdUPLEMEX^i' TO

A HusTouY OF IVewfoundland

l''HOM TllK

JEufllisb, Colonial, an& jforekiii 1Rccor5s

J). W. UROWSE, Q.C.

Jmhic of the CrnfmJ District Oniirf of XnifauniUmw

With a Pukfatouv Notk in K DM UNI) GOSSE

IVITIi TniRTY-roUli FULL VLATJi COLLOTYPHS; oVEIt TJIUKK lIUNimmi TEXT
ILLUSTRATIONS. AND NUMKHOUS MAI'S

MAOMILLAN AND CO.

AND NEW YORK

1,SJ)5

f^l

CHAPTER I.

THE CHURCH OF ENGLAND IN NEWFOUNDLAND.

% Rev. W. Pilot, D.1).,

,. /l . - '^"'^"''"''■'"''■"t of (Church of Enghnul N,ho.,U.

The history of the Churcli of En<.lun,l in Newfoun.llan.l n,ay ho said
to,httot™mthefir,statt.n.ptto colonize the Ishtn.l hy Sir Hun,ph..y
G.lWt m 158.3 when hy authority of Queen Ehzaheth he onlained
that the laws and policy of the Island should not he ■' a-^ainst the true
Christian faith or relioi„n now ].rofessed in the Church of En^dand "
..his attempt at colonization failed, and it was not till Ifill that tlie first
cler^^yinan landed on these shores. Ti.is was the Rev. Erasmus Stourton
who came out with John Guy on his second visit to the island. His head-
(luarters were at Cupids and his mission extended around Conception
Bay, and from Cape St. Francis to Ferryland. He left this country in
l()2cS, and became chaplain to the Earl of Albemarle.

Just before the period of D'Iberville's invasion, 16.00-97, a petition

was presented to the Home Government by the Newfoundland settler.s,

praying, " that a sufficient number of ministers should be sent to the

"principal harbours, and that they might be paid from England."

There had been many earnest appeals to the same effect without^ avail.

In 1G97. when the Government of William III. were endeavourinir to

repair the terrible injuries intlicted on the Colony by the French" an

order was made that the men-of-war should carry chaplains. The

Kev. Mr. Jackson was one of these chaplains, with the consent of the

Bishop of London in KiU!) ; he remained on the island, accepting from

the inhabitants a guarantee of 50/. a year for three years. A

small yet handsome church was soon built within the precincts of the

newly erected Fort William. The population of St. John's at that

time was about eight hundred. In 1701 Mr. Jackson was taken on

the list of the " Society for Promoting Christian Knowled<.'«i," and in

1703 was accepted aa t!ie first missionary of the " Society for the

Propagation of the Gospel in Foreign Parts" in Newfoundlaud,'

In April 170.3 the Society took into foiiiidliind, who liml gone upon a mission into
consideration the deplorahle condition of tluwe parts witli a wife and eight cliildren."
Mr. Jackson, " a painful minister in New- In 1705, when Mr. Jackson was recnlied by

/ p. 2729. .

2 ClllJUCII OF ENGLAND IN NEWFOUNDLAND.

Tho attacks inado on the new minister l)y the notorious Major Lh>y(l
are fully set out in the former part of this history. The Rev. John
Jackson, though a very poor man, burthened with a family of eif(ht
almost helpless children, showed himself both a God-fearin<j missionary
and a bold opponent of immorality and corruption iti high places. The
needs of his fau)ily, the poverty of the living, fii'ally drove him from his
post; it is satisfactory, hov/ever, to know that aftfr his trials in
Nevvfoimdland he was finally presented to an English living by Queen
Anne in 1709. The small garrison church was in existence, so wo
find from the records, in 1708 ; it gradually fell into decay ;
subse(puntly, in 1720, a larger W(X)den church was built near the site
ol! the present cathedral ;' by 1759 this also had fallen into decay, and
in this year, as described,^ a new and finer edifice was erected by tlie
determined ett'ort of Governor Richard Edwards.

The successor to Jackson was the Rev. Jacob Rice, appointed by the
Bishop of London. Our information aV)Out his ministry is very meagre ;
like his predeccs&or he was very much distressed through want of
means. In 1730 Mr. Fordyce succeeded Mr. Rice ; he was sent out by
the Society on the faith of a promise from the inhabitants of St. John's
to provide him with a small annual stipend and an allowance of a
quintal of merchantable fish from every shallop ; of the salary only
three-fourths of the promised amount was paid, another fourth was soon
lost through the death and removal of some of the suhscribers, and the
promised quintal of fish was either refused or paid in the worthless
quality of dried cod, known in this Colony as " Madeira." About three
yeais after his arrival everything in the shape of payment was withheld,
until he erected a gallery in the ciiurch, costing thirty guineas, at his
own personal expense. After manfully discharging his onerous duties fir
live years under circumstances of unparalleled difficulty he was at last
compelled in 173G to retin-n to England from sheer inability to procure a
subsistence lor his family. Whilst the inhabitants of St. John's treated

the ....hop of Tiondon, he wns wrcpkcd on in 1720. The Uev. Tlininas V.'aniank, chaplniii

tlie voynije honic, ami lost all his ctt'c'cls. In of II.M.iS. Siilhvrlitiid, wlillsl at St. .lohn's in

170'J, in rep<)rtin/.t on his case, the Coiiiiiiittt'e 1742, mentions that he " niiiiistcivil for lour

of tho Society for t)ie I'ropa-iation of the months to a eon;! regal ion of StlD people, in a

(lospel "were of opinion that the said large ehiiieh built of firr and si)rn('e hy tin;

Mr. Jaekson is an object of the society's inhabitants, in the year 17'Jt>, the huililing

favor uiul compassion, that he, liaving been was well fiirnislied, and a poor fisherman of

in Her Majesty's rferviee, as well by sea as in Petty llinboiir had recmtly given the church

the plantations, and having thirein suffered a decent silver I'atten and tlhaliee with gold."

many unreasonable hardships, and being a New Kn^land was not satisfied with supplying

man of good deserts, he is worthy to he Newfoundland with cattle and grain, she also

recoinmeudcd to the favour of the Lord wished to supply us with her dissenting

Kciper." ministers. The West ('ountry men clung with

tenacity to the (;ld Church of Kngland, and

' The first woodc^n church built on the site refused all religious aid from America,

of tbo prcBcut Anglicttu Cathedral ^yas eroded * At p. 21)5,

REV. JOirN FOIIDYOK. 3

this most desorvinj^r minister witli such incrc.lil.le mnuu...sH, nftcr hin
departure they fonvanK, I to tl^c Society a j.ubli.; tt-sti.uouial thaL the
Rev. John tordyeo was a mo.st «mig(nit and faithful pastor.

Fordyce was presented with a ^t,n-atuity of iiOl. to pay his dol.ts, and
was appointed in IT:}!) to the swiety's mission at Prince Ficlerick, in
Soutli Carolina, where he died in 1751, fully nuiintainin- the same
character for ministerial activity and zeal which had m(,t with so ill a
re(iuital in Newfoundland.

In 1730 the mission of St. John's was given up for nine years, when
the inhahitants, haxing fully realized the loss they had .sustained
by their own nijrjrarJliness, in refusing to fulHl their stipulati^d agree-
ment to pay their clergyman, again petitioned tlu^ Society for a
missionary. This time tiicy alleged that they ha.l purchased a house
for the missionary, and bound themselves to an annual payment of 40/.
towards his maintenance. Trusting to these assurances, the Society,
unable to procure a missionary in England, consented to the removal of
the Rev. M Peaseley, M.A., who had been sent to carry forward tlie
work no successfully begun by Mr. Jones at Uonavista. J'tsaseley
remained in St. John's for seven years, discharging his duties diHgenlly.
In his letter, dated November 1745, he says his congregation, which was
larger on his arrival, continued to increase, insomuch that the church
could scarcely contain it. Besides attending to his own Hock in
St. John's, he was in the habit of making periodical visits by water
during the sunnner mouths to Petty Harbour. But Mr. Peaseley was
destined, like his predecessor, to experience the non-fulhlment of the
promises of his people, which made his longer residence among tiiem
impossible. His embarrassed condition led him to petition the Society
to be removed, which was done, and he was a})poiuted to St. Helena,
Beaufort, in South Carolina.

The next missionary of St. John's and tlie out-harbours, whicli
embraced the whole of the province of Avalon, was the Rev. Edwai-d
Langman, M.A., of Baliol College, Oxford, appointed at the re<piest of
the inhabitants, to whom he hiul been favourably known from a former
residence among them, and who were therefore well able to appreciate
the value of his services. On his return thitlier to take charge of his
cure in 1752, he reported that his congregation was numerous, and the
number of communicants thirty. Of one hundred families which,
exclusive of the garrison, formed the entire population of the town, forty
were of the communion of the Church of England, tifty-two Roman
Catholic, and eight Dissenters.

In l7o9 he undertook a missionary voyage to Placeutia, where he
remained ministering to a congregation of sixty or seventy liohermcu,

A 2

4 CHURCH OP ENGLAN") IN NEWFOUNDLAND.

and performing the several offices of the church. During his visit ho
baptised fifty persons, some forty, some thirty, some twenty years of
age, and fifteen infants. And further, he stinuilated the people to repair
their church, which at this time had fallen into lecny. The next
summer he paid a similar missionary visit to the harbours of the
south-east.

Mr. Langman found in lleneuse twenty-five families, of which nine
were Protest; nts, and sixteen Irish Catholics, tlie whole population
amounting to one hundred and forty. In Fermeuse nearly the whole
population, amounting to one hundred, were Roman Catholic. In
Ferryland there were sixty-four Protestants and eighty-six Roman
Catholics. In this visit he baptised tliirty-eight children, and distributed
copies of the Bible, Book of Common Prayer, and Catechism.

At St. John's his ministry was marked with diligence, especially in
the work of catechisins.'; the children iu the face of tho congregation,
which he did every Wednesday and Friday, and during the season of
Lent, and freciuently reading one of the Homilies, with hich tho
people seemed well pleased, and were edified. In 1761 he extended his
missionary visits again along the southern sliore, and found in the liay
of Bulls forty-five families, of which thirty-seven were Roman Catholic
from Ireland, the remainder Protestant. Eleven families whom he
found living in Witless I'ay were almost all Irish.

Thus far Langman s ministry h.id proceeded without any sericMis
impediments, but in the year 1762 it was destined to receive a severe
shock. On St. John's Day the French landed at Bay of Bulls,' marched
their troops towards St. John's, which not being in a condition of defence,
si)eedily surrendered by capitulation ; the garrison were made prisoners,
and the French seized every kind of property within their reach. In
the general plunder, Mr. Langman was a sufferer to the extent of 130^.,
and the losses sustained by the rest of the inhabitants now rendered it
more diflacuH for them to do all that they had promised towards his
maintenance. Still much that might have been done on his behalf
was left undone. The house pror^ised to him, as to liis predecessor,
Mr. Peasely, was never provided, and to eke out the needful substance
for himself and his family the only provision on which 3ie could reckon
was an allowance of 50/. a year from the Society. The offerings of tho
people were scanty, and niggardly gnen, anJ for the little gratuities lie

* In the nttuclt on Hav Bulls in 1790 by harbour, except Nowlan's. When the French

the French, they proceedt'd thnmj,'h the woods broke into ills hut. the unt'ortiiniite -.iiotlicr

half way to I'etty Harbour; diseouraf^ed by ran for her lite, but the sight of poor Nowlaii,

the diiheulties of tnivellinir, they returned with his infant twins on his knee.s, excited

and burned the An-ijlican and Konian Catholic sueh connniseration that the iuvudeis left him

churches in Bay Bulls, and every house iu the in peace.

IIKV. E. LANllMA>f. 5

did receive, ho was compelled to go and ho- as a poor man would for
an alms. Notwithstanding these heavy drawbacks, Lani,nnan persevrcd
as a " faithful dispenser of the Word „f God" to discharge Ids lahorious
duties until his death in 1783. Ih ha-l been particularly zealous in
allaying reli,giou8 strife in St. John's, and could write with satisfaction
to its absence, and to the fact that sevcM-al families of Dissenters were in
the habit of joining in the public worship of tho church, and of receiving
the Holy Communion. I'he Reverend Edward Laiigman is one of the
most important figures in the early history of the Chui-ch of England in
the Island ; he resided continually in the Colony for about forty years ;
he was conspicuous for his culture, broad and liberal views, his upright
life and his earnest <levotion to his Master's work ; ho was the first minister

. to o&iupy the magisterial bench ; a man of strong and deci.led views,
he asserted his opinions with the vigour and force of an uncom-
pi-omising layman. He was truly the rector of the whole parish, and
seems to have been very well bked, both within and without his own
communion. Parson Langman was in his day nenrly as popular and
beloved as his more modern successor Archdeacon Bridge. The fodd
old clergyman died full of years in 1783, and was succeeded by the
Rev. Walter Price, curate of Dartmouth, Devon, who had been recom-
mended to the Society by the principal merchants and shipowners of
Dartmouth, then canying on an extensive trade in Newfoundland.
In the first year of his ministry we find that, besides the care of his own
parish of St. John's, wdiere he had already merited the regard and esteem
of his congregation, ho occasionally visited Petty Harbour, Bay Bulls,
and other surrounding settlements. He I'epresented to the Society in
striking terms the spiritual destituticm of the Island. " There are some
places," he says, " where there are many English settlers who have never
heard the word of God pi-eached among them for thirty years ps^st." His
congregation at St. John's was numerous and respectable, and gradually
increased, " many adoi'ning their profession by an exemplary life." In
his time the question of .a parsonage house for tlu; minister was at last
satisfactorily settled. Mr. Price mentions, with great respect and
gratitude, the kindness of Governor Elliott, who "has done rv^erything
in his power to carry out the pious designs of the Society," and by
his own good example and precept to promote the attendance on
public worship. Thi'oiigh the Governor's liberality and the subscriptions

f of the naval and military officers and general body of churchmeu a

suitable parsonage house was procured for the minister. In 1788,

Mr. Price opened a free school in his new residence, where he taught

^ himself, and paid the .salary of an assistant ; he continued in the mission

for seven years, when the parent Society offered him the new mission of

nrURCII OF ENGLAND IN NKWFOUNDLANI)

Niisliwalk, in Now BruriHwick. In 1700 Mr. IlarricH, who liiul boon
niinintiir at Plnccutia, whs traiiHt'erred to St. JoIim'h, at the jiarticuhir
request of the iiiiiahitaiits. Mr. Hariics renui'ncd as minister in the
capital from 1791 to 1810, wlicii he was succejrlcd by the venerated
Rev. David Rowland. On October 19th, LSOO, a now church was opone<l.
His Hucc('s.s()r was the Rev. ThnniaH Grantham, who hiid been the
first missionary at Burin. Tie remained in St. John's only one yenr.
In 1818, the Reverend Frederick Carritigton, missionary for many years
at Harbour Grace and a chief mii^istrate, l)ecame rector of St. John's ;

fome now living can renienibcr
his noble presence and the I'oll
of his fine sonorous voice in
I>rayer and praise.

In the year 1787 the See of
Novii Scotia was cf»nstituted,
and Newfoundland, which up
to thi-^ time had been nominally
under the cave of the Bishop of
London, was included in the
letters ])atent, but Bishop Tufflis
was never t)tice able to visit the
Island. It was not till twenty
yens lat'r that it received its
first Episcopal visit fioni Bishop
Stanscr, when five clei'gymcn
and seven schoolmasters formed
the mis.sionaiy , start". In 1822 the
Rev. John Leigh was ajipointod Episcopal Comiiiis.sary to Biihop Stanser,
and made a vi.!iitation of the whole of the Island' in 1822 and 182.S.

Dr. Stan.ser's successor, Bishop John Inglis, made his first visitjition
of Newfoundland in 1827 ; he was received with every mark c ." respect,
and amongst his earliest visitors was the Roman Catholic Bishop, the
courtly Dr. Sc;dlan. In the cour.se of five thousand miles of travel
he consecrated eighteen churches, and twenty burial grounds, and
confirmed nearly tv/o thousand four liundred candidate^. The Bishop
saw much to gratify him in the labours of the few clergy in the
I.sland, but declared that " it was impossible to be unmovcnl by the
" deplorable in.sufficiency of religious instruction in large portions of
" the Island." He wjis glad to find a gc-neral observance of Sunday,

IllSIIIII' l.Xil.lS.

From an ingravini;.

' Eev. John Loiii;h was missioimry at,
TwiUiugatc aud Fogo from 1817 to 1818 ;

Hiirboiir Grace, 1819 to 1822: lie died in
1823.

Hisiiop in»;lis.

an.l oven in the hd^l.t of tho fisl.i,,. .soas„„ a n.al,n...s.o„ tho part of tho
n,en o„«a^c.l „. .t to invsont theinsolv.s on that .lay for instruoti.m
una Olinstian t(^acninfr.

No sketch of tlio ('lu,rch of Kn-^land in Newfomi.lUn.l, h,nv..v..r h.-of
won .1 1.0 con.plete without reference to tho pioneer work i„ e.l.uati,.,'
of the 0I.I "^eutoun.llana School Soniety," first called also 'The
Society for eaumtin.ir the poor of Newf.,nn.llan.l." now n.e>.re,l into
"The (Colonial and Continental Church So(M..ty." This Soeie't.y owis
its existence and its successful working entirely to t!... lahours „f a
Newfoundhmd mercliar.t, Samuel Codner. Every Nowfoun.llau.le.- sh„„l'l

revei',! his memory ; no sin^rh. indi-
vidual hasevenloneso iiiueh fortius
(r)louy as this plain West-country
merchant. Mr. Codner himsif
d(!scrilies how the Soci»\ty camo
into existence. At a me-tiui!; at
Marf^^ate in 1H21, to inaugurate a
hranch of the iJible Society, [,ord
Liverpool made some forcihle
oliservaiious on the duty and
responsil.ility of CIreat Britain to
pive t<j her extensive colonics the
hle.ss'ug.s of religious instruction ;
liis words sank deep into the heart
of Samuel Coiiner, and he deter-
mined, with the blessing of God, to
found a society for educiting the
poor in the C'olony where he had
made his fortune. For this purpose h(! canvassed the whole of England,
Irelaml, and Scotland ; everywiicre he enlisted the sympathy of the
religious and benevolent. He formed branch societies in all the principal
towns. The Liverpool branch had for its president Sir John Gladstone, the
father of the great statesman, and John Jot), grandfather of Mr. T. 11. Job,
for its active committoen'an. The great Earl of Liverpo*! gave
invaluable aid to the infant society; 500^. for building the Central
School, St. Johii'.s, 100'. annually for its first master, and free passages
for all its teachers in H.M. ti-ansports, besides grants of land for
Rchools in all parts of Newfoumlland ; all these boons were obtained
fi-oni the Itnpci-ial Government through his influence.

The Society's operations in Newfoundland were commerced in
September 1824-, seventy years ago ; the first school, taught l>y Mr. and
Mrs. Jeynes, was held in the one stone building then existing in

BAMUEL CODKEU.

From a portrait in (he pnssc.ision of flu:
C.C.C. Society.

8 CHUPCH OV ENGLAND IN NEWFOUNDLAND.

Duckworth Street (occupied before Hie fire of July 1892 by the
newer houses of Mr. St. Jolin). Mi\ Willougi'hy, the assistant secretary,
wlio superintended the scliools in Newfoundhvnd, was of invaluable lielp
in forwarding the interests of the infant institution, an earnest worker
with broad and liberal views on the subject of education ; his skill, t.iot,
and energy largely helped forward the good work. The schools were
supported by generoiis contrilnitions from all denominations, Pn)testant
vied with Catholic in promoting their success. Sir Thomas Cochrane
was a constant friend of the Society ; Chief Justice Boulton and
Archdeac<m Wix largely contributed to its initial prosperity. The first
teachera of the Newfoundland School Society were admirably suited for
the work, well-trained, earnest, religious men ; their enthtisiasm and
their success soon excited a universal desire for the Society's schools all
through the Colony ; their non-.sectarian plan of education, fcmnded on
Bell's system, and their honest and conscientious desire to avoid offence
on denominational questions produced universal confidence in their
teachers and .schools. Year by year liew fields of labour wei*e opened
up ; liljci'al support was given to the Society, both in England
and Newfoundland ; by 1830, six shoi-t years after its connnence
ment, a wonderful work was accomplished by the devoted Samuel
Codner.^

Day

Sunday

Adult

• Principal Stations,

Wliim

Principal

Hchouls,

SrhooJR.

ScIkioIs.

with their

and

_-2
3s

.- S

^_;

.... »

->»■

Branch Schooln.

established.

Jlranch Teachers.

§1

■g

>-•!

St. John's

Sopteniherisai -

Mr. and ;Mrs. .leynes -

772

160

221

Fortuual Covo

N.ivenilior 1M2S -

Branch teacher

. River licud

.Inly 1S28

Ditto

102

, „

Quidi Villi -

KebniarylS25 •

Ditto

!M)

.10

.30

.sV'niil Hill -

Anifust 1828

Torbay

i .Inly 1«28

Snspondcil

Trimty

, .Tunc 1825

Mr. Ill iijamin Fleet -

178

Pfl

01»

*J3

North Side
Sliip Covo -

1828

Bnuieli teacher
Ditto

1 nsn

<'l.'l

<S3

.'{•3

.33

(yuckold's Covo

1828

Ditto

, .

Old Hoimvciitiira -

1829

Ditto

'18

.SO

JlAUiioi-R Grace

September 1825 -

Mr.andMis.KiiiKwell

311

141

251

130

Mosquito -

August 18'28

Sns|)onileil

o;)

Spiiiiinrd's Bay

.Inly 1H2II

Brandi teacher

!H)

4'i

Island Covo

! Ditio

Ditto

4<>

Kivc^r Head

May 1830

Ditto

IH)

1)0

CAnHONNIKRRR

October 1825 -

Snspend(Ml

110

PjiTTT Harhour

September 1825 -

Mr. and Mrs. Murlin

1115

<»

Maddox Cove

AnKust 1828

.Suspended

,-|(l

BoNAVISTA.

1 X()veniberlH20 -

Mr. and .Mrs. Meek -

208

130

120

IK)

Grkkn's Pond

October 1828 -

Mr. and Mrs. KiiiK -

117

151

111

4fl

Swain's Island

September 182!) -

Branch teacher

Pool's Island

18211 -

Ditto

2ft

, .

POKT Iin (iRAVK

October 182it

Mr. and .Mrs. Lind -

130

ICO

(10

.'HI

Ray Roberts

' l)((ccniber 1820 -

Branch feacOuT

■M)

;i5

Cupids

Mfv is;5()

Ditto

2')

TWIT.LrNQATK

October 1820 .

Mr. Willian. Walker-

fil>

(10

60 60

Herri tiK Nock

March 1830

Hranch teacher
Total -

r,i

»,12»

1,613

1.477

9S2

680

NEWFOUNDLAND StiJIOOL S(»<'IKTY. Q

Most of tJie early toaclievs of the Society became ordained ininiHtcrs
of vlio Church of England in the Colony ; the saintly iiieiiiories of these
teachers and niissionariea, Meek, Kingwell, and others, will always be
revered amongst us. To tlie last Samuel Codner^ took the warmest
interest in the Colony ; his life was devoted to the Society lie had so
successfully fouudi;d. In one of his last letters to ]\lr. lioiid (father of
the Hon. R. Bond) he makes in(|uiries as to whether Mr. lloliort Prowse,
who has been recommended as unpaid manager of the institution in
Newfoundland, would l>e a suitable person for the work. During the
long period that the Newfoundland School Society has be^n at work in
the Colony its teaclieis have been almost invariably good instructors,
and the schools prospei'ous and well managed ; for a gi-ef„t many years
500^. has been granted to them by the Local Government, and to-day
twenty schools are in full operation in the Island.

In 1829 Bishop Inglis constituted the two archdeaconries of New-
foundland and Bei-muda, and the Rev. Mr. Coster became the first
archdeacon of the former. The venerable George Coster, our first
archdeacon, was a missionary at Bernnula from 1S22 to 1S24. He was
then appointed visiting missionary to Newfoundland and Ecclesiastical
Connnissary. He resided chieily at Bonavista, where he laboured
earnestly and faithfully in his Master's vineyard. He is well
remembered as the constructor of the first three miles of road around
the settlement. The Rev. Edward Wix, first stationed at Bonavista in
182G, in 1830 succeeded the Rev. George Coster as archdeacon, and
removed to St. John's ; Archdeacon Wix visited all around the
island, and even made an extended visitation to the Labrador.
The history of the Church of England would l)e
very incomplete without some reference to his life
and labours. In his very interesting work, "Six
montlis of a Newfoundland Missionary's Journal,"
February to August 1836, he mentions that he had
then been ten years in the service of the Society,
two of which he had spent in Nova Scotia and eight
in Newfoundland. In 1889 the Ven. Aubrey George
Spencer, who had been successively missionary in New-
foundland, and the first archdeacon of Bermuda, was ahcudkkon wix
consecrated the first Bishop of Newfoundland, which
was then severed from the See of Nova Scotia. By the appointmen
of a bishop and the separation of Newfoun.Uand from the See of
Nova Scotia, an immense impetus was given to Church feelmgs.

. Sumuel Co-lner was con-a-cted with the when he sold his husines. to Wilson and
Newfoundland trade uutil Jlareh yoth, 18tl, xMevnell.

CHURCH OF ENfJLAND IN NEWFOUNDLAND.

principlos, and interests. The Rev. Aubrey Georj]fe Spencer came to
Newfoundland as a missionary in 1818. He was first stationed at
Piacentia, 1818, Ferryland, 1819, and in 1820 at Trinit3^ It is related
that when he first preached in St. John's, Sir Ch;irles and Lady Hamilton
were so much taken with his earnest and eloquent sermons that they
determined to have him promoted ; the future bishop, however, would not
give up his missionary work. Bishop Spencer was a very elegant and
accompli.shed man and, although a born aristocrat, he was most simple and
unpretending in liis habits. Many of the oluor g.meration can remember
his residing in Cochrane Place, the marriage of his daughter to Sir John

Harvey's son, and the kindly genial
manners that c leared him to all
hearts. The new Diocesan was an
Evanffclical of the old school of
Wilberforco and Bicker.^teth ; he
promoted the woi-k of the New-
foundland School Society, the lii-itish
and Foreign Bible vSocicty, and
throughout his episcopate both the
Church and the Clergy in the Colony
were dist"nct1y of tlie Evangelical
or Low Church School. When he
was appointed to the sec of New-
foundland as the fir.st bi.shop, in
1889, he wa.s ai; the time Archdeacon
of Benuudii.' "At my consecration,"
said the Bisliop, " to the see of
Newfomidland, I found only eight
clergymen of the Churcli of England
in the whole Colony." The Churdi
was in a most disorganized and dispirited condition ; the schools were
languishing, many of them broken up, and all were destitute of tliat
spirit of unity and order so essential to real cfHriency. Within a brici"
episcopate of a little over four ycars,^ some of these cvih: were reniedietl,

D13II0P SI'BNCEK.

From an -^graving.

' IVishop SponciT resided in liorirnida
from 1822 to IHMH, and was Arclidcacnn of
JScrnmda fiom 182.') until his cluvutioii to
the See of Newfoundland in 18:39.

2 ISishop Spencer was a grandson of tlie
(second Duke of Marlborough. Jn his letter
to the Society for the I'rojiaj'ation of the
Gospel in 1811, lie says, "I have lravcllc<l
this year 1,188 miles, visited .'15 stations,
confirined 1,K10 persons, consecrated six
cliurches, orjjanised, or assisted in the build-

ing of 21 new churches, ordained two ])riests
iiud eight deacons, founded or rcstoreil mure
than 20 day scliools or Sunday sehcols.
IJishoi) Spencer K f I the Colony in 184;}. On
his appointment as ISishop of .lamaica, he
thus w rote about the quaiities nec( ssurv for
liis successor : " He must have strength of
constitution to su|i|iorl him under a clini.iti'
as rigorous as that of Icelund, a stouiaeli
insensible to the attacks of sea sickness,
pedestrian powers lieyond those of an Irish

lirSITOP SPENCER.

the most crying .leficienciea snpplio-l, an.l tiio fminriations laid of tl.nt
church organization upon which his succ(3.s.sor,Bisli()p FeiKUubscquently
built with so much success. In all his work he was largely aided
by Archdeacon Bridge.^ Bishop Spencer divided the diocese into
rural deaneries ; cst\l)lished, with the aid of the Society for the Pro-
pagation of the Gospel, a theological institution for the training of
divinity students, helped nnd encouraged tlie erection ofmon^than 20
new churohes, originated and revived Sunday schools everywhere,
increased the number of clergymen to twenty-
five, with lay leaders and f-choolniasters undei"
them; ostahhshed a mission to the Micraac
Indians, and raised a considerable sum of
money, with the hope of building a cathedr.d,
the first stone of which he laid before (juitting
the diocese. These were the legacies he left
to his succcssol- in the See, and it is with
that successor, the A])ostolic Bishop Feild,
that the progress of the Church in New-
foundland will ever be closely associated.

The story of the labours and succe, ses of
the long episcopate, of thirty-two years, of
this remarkable man, must of necessity, in tliis
brief sketch, l)e ineonii)lete and inipcrfuet. We can only summarize
thom. He doubled tlie number of clergy ; churches and parsonages were
nuiltiplied in a like pi'oportion. 1'he theological institution was
enlarged .and endowed, and now exists under the name of Queei.'s
College. He established separate seminaries for boys and girls, which
have been highly successi 1 ; founded distinct orphanages for destitute

IIISIIOP I'KILI).

Jiy Kibier, St. John's.

gossoon, and an ability to rest occasionally
on the heil of h fisherman or iho hard boards
in a woodman's tilt. With tliusc physical
capabilities he must combine a patient temper
and energetic spirit, a facility to adapt his
speech to the lowest grade of intellect . . .
. . together with the discretiim and charity
which will induce him to live, as far as may
be possible, at iK!ace with all men . . .'"

' Mention has been made at pajre IG9 of
the labours of Arcluleacon I!iidi<e. He came
out to Newfoundland in lHi25, lirst as tutor to
Sir Thomas Cochrane's sons, Charles and
IJailli*! Cochrane (afterwards Lord Lamin;^-
ton). Prior to his appointment, as rector of
St. John's, in 1840, he had been curate to the
Kj'. 1<\ Carrington ; he was a most enrncsf
f nd devoted minister, the first promoter of
temperance in the Church, and specially
energetic iu the cause of education ; at one

time he was superintendent of the Newfcmnd-
land School Society, and all the older genera-
tion have lively remembrances of his admirable
school and his marvellous gifts as a tcach(?r ;
his congregation literally worshipped him.
In 1840 he visited Kn^land to take his M.A. '
degree at Oxford, and to obtain funds for the
erection of the new cathedral, the cos* of
which Hishop Spencer modestly estimated at
:(;4,000 sterling. Mr. IJrIdge died in IH.OO.
Contemporaneous with Archdeacon Urirlge
was the Ue*'. C. lilacknian, for many years
incumbent of St. 'I'lioiaas's, a most al)le and
eloquent preacher ; he came out to the Colony
as private secretary to Sir Charles Hamilton,
was ordained in Newfoundland, and after wrv-
iiit' several years as minister at I'ort de (iravo,
became second incumbent of St. 'I'lioni-is's,
in succession to Archdeacon V.'ix, mainly
'.nrough whose exertion the (diurch was built.

CiriTllCH OF KNOLAND JN NEWFOUNDLAND.

children of both sexes; designed and paitiallj' built the beantii'ul
cathedral of St. John the Baptist in the Capital ; oiigini.ted and provided
an endow iiient for the future support of the Episcopate ; reduced an
unoi'ganised and feeble ecclesiastical system to one of synodical order
and unity ; and year by year, in the church ship Hawk, visited and
comforted his clergy and their flocks, scattered along a rugged shore
of over three thousand miles.

KEV. J. MOtNTAIN.

From an old photograph.

KEV. .MR. IirTCIII.NSO.V.

liy S. H. Parsons.

REV. W. W. I )•: (iALI.Ala.

J)y Adams and MvKenncy.

In all these enterprises and labours he was helped by a staflf of fellow-
laboui'ers, like-minded with himself, whom his noble example attracted
to the oldest of England's cohmial possessions. The names of Boland,
Le Oallais, Mountain, Hutchinson, White, Cunningham, Johnson, CoUey,
Curling, Botwood, and a roll of others too numerous to unfold, were

KKV. THOMAS WOCill.

lij Gowland, I'ork.

AliCIII'KAlU.N HOI wool).

Jiy S. Jl. Parsons.

UKV. IIH. PILOT.

£y (S. //. Parsons,

among tho.se w1k» flocked to his standnrd, and with him fought
the Inittle fur the Master. Tlie salvation of souls and the honour of
God and of His Church, were the muin.springs of his life and work,
and when these were concerned ho knew no compromise. He entered
into his rest on the 8th June 1.S7G at Bermuda.

BISHOP JOXES.

The Right Rev. Jmaes Butler Kelly succeeded liim by virtue o^; a
vote of the Synod in 187;i, buthis health did not admit of bin conti.mir'/
his labours, in which for nine years he bud so heartily slnred with Bi:.b<.^*
Feild as his co-adjutc»r, and on his resignation in 1877 the Synod )'(niiitt '
to delegates in England the choice (A his successor, wiiich resulte 1 in
the consecration, on May 1st 1S7H, of the Rev. Llewellyn Jou<;s.

His Lordship, the present Bishop of Newfoundland, is a sound High
Churchman, a man of broad and liberal views ; in St. John's he has won
all hearts by his cheery manner, his unfailing courtesy. Tbe bishop is
imbued with the true missionary spirit ; although tbe labours of bis
great diocese have seriously injured his health, he declined to accejit
easier work, and a more advantageous position as Anglican Bishop of
Nova Scotia. On all platforms and by all creeds the bishop is welcomed ;
he lias endeared himself to the whole Colony b^i^his exceeding gentleness ;
one of the most modest of men, he shrinks from
all pufling ajid praise. He is a most methodical
and energetic worker, a good platform speaker,
a very earnest and able pieacher ; the keynote
of all his sermons is sincerity, an over-
masterinc desire to win souls for his Mastoi-.
One of tbe foremost of his mis.si(jnaries, writing
of him, says " He shares witb his clergy their
" perilous work, and no less than his prede-
" cessor is enkindled with the same spirit of
" zeal for the diocese. He has done nuich to
" forwai d the work of the church in New-
" foundland. Improvements, material and
" spiritual, are manifest in all diiections." Besides the care of all the
churches in Newfoundland and Labrador, the bishop is ordinary over
the English Colony in St. Pierre and Bishop of Bernmda. By the
devotion of the churchmen in these lovely islands, and by the special
labours of Mr. Rcid, the church has prospered exceedingly. In
organization and in church building the later episcopate of Bishop Jones
has been specially distinguishe ', both in Newfoundland and Bermuda

It has also been marked by the completion of the noble cathidral
now, unhappily, in ruins from the disastrous fire of July KS92 ; by tbe
erection of new and enlarged orphanages in St. John's, and of many
beautiful and connnodious churches throughout the diocese, and the
eatablishmcnt of a sustentation fund for the future maintenance of the
clergy ; by prolonged visitation voyages to all parts of his extensive
diocese ; and by a more generous support of all church institutions by
the laity than had heretofore obtained.

HISIKH' JOM-

Jljl llussdl ami Suits.

14 CIIUUCII OF ENGLAND IN NEWFOUNDLAND.

In the great fire of July 1892 the Churcli sustained losses amounting
to $00,000, exclusive of the beautiful cathedral. By the energy of
Bishop Jones, appeals were made to the Church at largo for help towards
n'lking these los-es good. These appeals have been liberally responded
to, and in a few year.-", with the help of a willing laity, it wdl be found
that the dreaded fire was but an angel in disguise.

Even in this short sketch mention should be made of the deep debt
of gratitude which the church in Newfoundland owes to Mrs. (). Johnson,
a widowed lady who took up her abode in St. John's, though infirm in
body, she was most eu?i"gotic in the Master's service, and contributed

AMaUCAIf CATIIEDBAb, BT. JOHN'S.

libei'ally to the diocese. Rev. C. Palairet, anotlier fritnd of tlic Bishop,
will always to devoutly romombered for his deep devotion, and his
liberal gifts to Topsail. In Bishop Feild's episcopate the missions to
White Bay and Bay of Islands were C' mmenced, the first by the earnest
and devoted missionary, Mr. Temple, the second by the Rev. U. Z. Rule.
After Mr. Rule's resignation the church was provided with oiie of her
most remarkable and dcvuted missionaries. The Rlv. J. Curling, whilst
serving as an engineer offictr in Bermuda, waa brought under the holy

REV. J J. l!UIU-IN(}.

influence of Bishop Feild ; he rcsigneil his commission in the army, find
after due pre] xvrat ion was oidaincd in 1S73. lie wius appointotl to tlio

mission of Bay of IslandiJ. Out of his laroo u-eaiH
f y lio presented the dioccso with his yacht " Lavrock."

No more h ami )!(', devoted S'^rvaut oftliii Church
has evtr laboured more ;d)undinL'ij' lo win souU
than did this yourj,' ongintei' officer.

In I.S79 Mr. Curling was made ruial dean ot'

Pjelle Isle Straits. After sixteen years of such

constant toil and labour as falls to the lot of f(!W,

Mr. Curling gave up his mission to prosecute his

further htudi(;s at Oxford. His liberal ben(;factions

to tlie Church of England in Newfoundland have

been distributed all over the I^^land. Generous as

Mr, Curling ha.s been in distiibuting his wealth

to beuetit the diocese, stid raorc good has been

done by his spiritual influence and his dci'p devotion to duty; bis noble

cxaui[)le of self-denial has helpeil to strengthen many feeble knees, to

suppoit the weak, and to deepen their faith.

KKV. J. J. CURLINO.

liy Vebenham, Cuwcs.

DAY OP 1BLAM19.

From a ph^logmph by the Uev.J.J. Curliug.

Time wouUl fail to tell of many interesting feiiturcs of the Newfound-
land diocese ; the hardest missionary hibour of all is in Arctic Labrador.
Ar.lideacon Wix visited the coast but appointed no clergyuiaii.

CirniCII OF ENGLAND IN NKWK()U^J1)LANI).

Mr. Giffbril was the first misHioniiry at Foi-toau in 1847, reniaining
there ten years. Mr. (Jillurd went al'terwaiils to New ZeuUuKi, where he

^^^

/ 1

•'->-,

^^^^-

' ■''■ ' *^

1 ^\ .

^^^^^

l^^g^^

^^^^^^m^^^ Hu

J^I^It-^jI

^^TlJ^S^S

j^^^^^lR^liKBf

^^B^^'-^

fitlj

IPiPr^

^P|||g

■Hiu^-il

h'- .:V[

NEWFOUNULAMD CHURCH 81111' "l.A\ HOCK."

From a photograph by the livi\ J. J. Curling.

still resiilos. Rev. H. P. Disney, an Irish clergyman, gave up liis living
in Ireland to plant the church at St Francis Harbmn' Our present
archdeacon succeeded Mr. Gifl'ord in Forteau, an<l 'ahomed most
ahunchmtly in that dreary region for three years. Rev, F. Colley, and
hitest of all, Rev. Mr. Qninton, comhines in his cleri»'al work the
hanlihood of the typical Mewfoundlancler with the devuttd zeal of an
apostohc missionary.

THE CHURCH IN THE OU TV OUTS.

BONAVLSTA.

In 1722 the Rev. Henry Jones was settled at HonavLsta by the
liberality, as it would appear, of tlie inhabitants of that settle-
ment. For although the journals of the S.P.O. in 172() show that he
was in corres|)oiidencc with the Bi.shop of London, and its Connnittee,
and received at ditterent times gratuities of money, and books for use in
the school which he had established there, there is no statement that
any regular allowance was made to him, as it is always in the case of
those who were upon the list of the Society's missionaries. He wrote
in 17S0 thiit his church, which was built it would seem from sources
altogether independent of any which the Society supplied, was nearly

liAHlJADOU MISSIUX.

fini.slic.l, and that a rrontlemmi of Lond,,,, had j,/iven him a sot of voshoIs
for the Coinnmnion and a handnc.inc stone font. lu 1734, ho repre-
sented his congregation to bo in a il.mrishing condition, an<l tlie number
of his communicants increabing. Witliin a period of eight years ho
baptized one lumdred and foiu-teon persons, ot whom tive\vere adults.
His ministrations were faitlifully carried on, and gratefully received"
among an atteitionate and willing people, and these evi.lencts of his
usefulness led the S.P.G. in 1741 gladly b) iq.point him its missionary
in their more important settlement of Trinity ?,ay, as successoi- to one
v/ho Irid already begini a go(jil work there. Tlie proximity, however,

BOKTKAU ClIUllClI, I.AUHADJli.

From a drawing by the lion, and Rot; ]V. Oi-ait.

of Trinity Bay to Bonavis^a enabled him to still keep up some inter-
course with his former congregation, as, indeed, he was recpiested by the
S.P.G. to do, until the services of a regular minister could be obtained
for them, and these were soon afterwards secui-ed by the appointment
of the Rev. Mr. Peasley, a graduate of Trinity, Dublin. Mr. Jones
continued to discharge his duties as the missionary for Trinity Bay for
a period of six years, but in 1744, finding the winters too severe foi- his
constitution, lie asked leave, after iwenty-.fivo years of hardness endured

/ p. 2729. "

18 CIIUHCH OF ICNGLAND IN NIOWFOUNDLAM).

for his MfiHter'H Hake, to be sent to a wnrnier climate, nnd was accoi-d-
iii<fly Mppdintod to ii mission lunonj^ tli ■ Indians in tlio Moskito cotindy.
On Iiis way thither lie put into Jaiiiuica, and was persuaded \>y the
Governor of the Island to accept the living of St. Aimc's.

TIMNITY.

Trinity Bay is one of the deejjest bays which iixlcnt the shores of
Newfoundland, and had been one of those earliest settled by tisheriiien
from the mother country. So numei'ous had they become in 1729 that
they represented to the S.P.G. their earnest wish to have a cler^'ymaa
settled amonj^st them, pled^'ing tliemselvos to contribute 80/. a year
towards his maihtenance and to build a Church. TVm Society accord-
ingly sent to tins extensive district the Kov. Robert Killpatrick, on
a salary of 80/. a year.

The discouragements which he cncotmtered, particularly in (he
inconsiderable contributions of the people notwithstanding their promise
to the Society, led him after a few months' risidence to request that ho
might be transferred to a settlement in New York. He was accord-
ingly sent to New Windsor, in that Colony, but so far was he from
improving his condition by the change, that he applied for and obtained
leave to return to his first mission. In New Windsor he could meet
with no one who would give him a lodging on any terms.

On his way back to Trinity Bay his coui-se brought him to
Placentia, where he was detained three nionthfi. Hei'c hci did what he
could to npair the evils which he describes prevailing in that .settle-
ment, frcmi the absence of all religious ordinances, and from the in-
culcation of the principles of infidelity to which mai of the inhabitants
had abandoned themselves.

He preached here for six Sundays and baptized ten children. It
may be of i ' u-est to mention that while the French held possession of
the Island, Placentia was the seat of Governnifnt and was a place of
great importance as a military post of the French. In 1(;89, there had
been established a branch of the Convent of our Lady of Angels of
Quebec, on the site of the present Chuich of England chtu'cii and bury-
ing ground, and a few of the French and P>as(jue tombs of the date of
1080 and 1G90 are still preserved in tiie chancel of this church to mark
out the place where it stood. As on the ac(|ui.'<ition of this place by
the Engli>h the French were allowed to dispose of their titles to pro-
perties here, it seems probaVde that the site of the recent convent was
purcha-ed by the English .settleis, and con\'erted into a church for the
use of the Church of England. . Tiiis was only twenty-one years before

KIX

ClUilU'U IN TIUN'irV HAV.

tho visit, ..r Killpatri.-k, who prol.ably hell .orvico ir, it „„ tho
SuiidayH rcteiTL'd to.

Tlie joy caUHcd in Trinity Bay I,y KHIpHtrnk's vAurn t. his lluck-
proves that his services ha.l n.orc than a tmusieut ellbct upou thoir
min.ls, an.l that he had too hastily jtidgod witii nvsp.ctto th.ir n,pnose.l
lack of sympathy and froodwiU. Ho reports that his con-ro. rations
were mnnero.is, an.l at Ol.l LVrlican ho ha-l about two huudro.f hirers

" By a stranfTo coiuci<lenco the lan.l iunnuily in tho posso-siun i,f
tho church at Old Porlican, and upon which at one tin..3 sto,..! h buildinr'
for tho conduct of divine sorvico, has during this year IS.Sl), aftt-r its
alienation from tho church for over sixty yeius, hem purchased and a
church erected thereupon."

In 1737, being uurler tho necessity of returning to En-land ho
broufrht with him a letter from the justices of tho peace? church-
wardens and inhabitants of Trinity Bay, in which they .rratefully and
hund)ly thanked tho S.P.G. for their great favour in sending a
nn"ssionary to be their spiritual director atcording to the usage of \he
Church of England. Subsequently Commodore West, then in conuuand
of the station, wrote to the Bishop of London to say that having a full
knowledge of the vigorous work of clei'gyman of Tjiuity Bay, lielecom-
mended him to tho favour of his Lordship, and characteiizcis Kdlpatrick
in tho word, the most comprehensive of all others, as a good Christian.
These testimonies of this early missionary afford evidence of the
stedfastue.sb and success witii which he had continued tu dischurge his
duties.

HARBOUR GRACE AND CARBONEAR.

Tlie Rev. James Balfour was appointed missionary at Trinity, with
tho out-harbours of Old and New Perlican, Bonaventure, in 170.5.
In acknowledgment of his services, his parishioners, soon after his
arrival, built him a house, but after nine years spent in this mission,
which was not less than forty leagues in circuit, he was removed to the
more important station of Harbour Grace and Carbonear, vacant by
the resignation of Mr. Coughlan in 1773. Mr. Balfour set himself to
establish a school in Harbour Grace, and having secured the services of
William Lampon, ho reconnnended him to the favour of the Society,
who were pleased to confirm the appointir.ent, and make a grant <if 15/.
a year towards his salary, on condition that he taught the children of
the poor free of charge. The whole of Conception Bay was his mission,
and with indefatigable zeal he made a tour around it four times in each
year. In 17fS8 he wrote : " that he had visited every small harbour in
" that bay ; that he was in the habit of publicly catechizing the children

u 2

20 CllUHCll OF ENUIiANl) IN NKWt'OUNDLANU.

" in cliurc'li, in fiico of tlio conj^rc^jitioii, iind that tlit*y gave ffrcut
" Hnti.sfactinii in tlio porfoiniancc!." In a Icstter diitccl 17H!', lit; rei)()rts
that the pupulation of tliu I5)iy was throe thoiiKaml seven hundred and
Beventy-three ProteKtants, and two tlioiisnnd .six hundied and til'ty-fonr
Konian Catiiolics. In the following year he bunents the great increase
of Popery ; he reports that he l»ul adnnnistered the Lord's Supper every
Sunday, and tliat tlie niunber of communicants was two hundred.
Mr. JJalfour continued to discluirge his many duties with unahattd
vigour for thirty years, wlien age or infinnity compelled him to retire,
tlie Society continning his f^.lary in consideiation of hiy and active
services, and the destitute condition of himself anil his fnmily. From
the record of the foundation of St. Paul's, Harbour Gnjco, we h^arn that
the Hrst Anglican church in the town was built in 17()4<; it was biu'iit
down on iSlh August, 1n;{"2, and the present sttme e<lifice was com-
menced on the 28th July 1835, the coi'uer stone being laid by Governor
Prescott. 'l"ho first Anglican clergyman in Harbour Grace was Laurence
Coughlan, next David Balfour, succeeded by G. C Jeiuiei'. Fi-om 1802
the place was filled for several years by the liistoiian, Rev. L. A.
Anspaeli. Another welldcnown Anglican lector of H.irlKtur Grace wms
the Kev. F. Cai-rington.

The S.P.G., wldeli had becn'for some time solicitous to fill the mission
of Trinity, which had been vacant since the removal of Mr Balfour to
Harbour (Jrace in 177'^, Jippointed the Rev. James Barker to proceed to
that place in ir.S2. Ho had already been in the service of the Society
as Missionary at Provi<lence, in the Bahamas, lait upon the captun! of
these Islands by the Spaniiirds, a year or so before, he was compijlled to
leave it, and rctux'n to Ireland, his native country ; no record, however,
of his long work is to be found in any of the Society's publications, ainl
ib is probable that Mr. Barker never reached his destination.

PLACENTIA.

In 1787 a memorial from the principal inhabitants of Placentia was
laid before the S^P.G., setting forth the great want of a clergyman in
that settlement, and their willingness to contribute to his support.
Placentia had attracted the noti.e of His 3I;!Je,sty King William IV.,
tiien Duko of Clarence, when in early life he wa.s engaged in the
honourable service of his country as Commander of the Pcf/dtms, uud ho
was not slow in lecommending the claims of the ancient seat of Govern-
ment of Newfoundland to the favourable notic(' of the Society. He further

CIlUUCll A'i" I'LAfENTIA.

•sliowed l\i3 IntcreHt in tlio work ol" tlio Cluuvh hero, l)y contributing tho
Hutn of tii'ty guiupas towiutls tlio erection of the Clnircl., to ^vliicli ul.so
ho pruHoiitod a liaii<lsi)ino sot ol" vchkcIs, wliji-li aii! still uscil, aUli(>\i"li
now very oceasioually, at iho colcViniti')n ol" the Jloly (.'unimunioii. Tlio
S.P.G. had not boon unmindful of tlio condition of tlio nuiglihouriii;,'
settlenionts as roproscntod by Kill|)atiiclv a)id Laiigtnaii, and bad mailo
Hovoral attouipts to procuro a suitaljlo nmn fo»' tho post, but as no decent
provision was assured towanls liis niaintenaiico, by ib<! peo])l(', tliey did
not fool juHlitiod in Ijixiiig tlicir scanty inoonio for bis entire support.
Now, however, upon tho laith of their proinist'(l coiitributioiis, tbey
were enabled to send tlio Kov. John Harris, who bad already proved
himself an able and useful minister as curate of Havorford West. After
a passage of nine weeks, Mr. Ibn-ris arrived nt Placciitia. He found
that tho original church, fDrnicrly the (Jliapel of our Lady of Angels,
had boon removed, that tl.e population bad nearly all become members
of tho Roman Catholic Church, only a remnant of on", hundred remaining
members o!" tho Church of England in I'laccntia, luid tliirty in the
outdiarbours. After tlio ilrst year of his ministry liere, ho was enabled
to state that by tho activity and diligence of Air. Brown, the iiist

ANOLiCAS cuuucii AT ukumhaii:; hay.

magistrate of the place, a new church was nearly completed, and that
he had visited Buiin and Fortune liay, peiforming the various ofHces of
tho church. In 1700, upon tho removal of Mr. Price from St. John's,

22 CnUllClI OB^ ENGLAND IN NEWFOUNIJLi.ND.

lio was tranHferred thither on tlie particular rcjiucst of its iiiliabitants,
and the Rev. Mr. Evans, a curate in the vicinity of Ha erford West,
was appointed to succeed him.

Mr. Evans .speaks, in 1790, of the civility and atten^ shown him
by the principal inhabitants, one :Mr. Waldron, at '.. ittle incon-
venience to himself, placing a boat at his disposal, an > accompanying
him in his missionary excursions. His visits 'to Burin were highly
appreciated. Here he procured from the Governor a «]-ant of land for
building a chiirch, and established a school undrr a Mr. Sanders, who
discharged his duties with great attention and diligence, to whom the
Society made an allowance of £15 a year. He also made excursions
into Foi tune Bay, which then had a population of about a thousand
settlers, extending the knowledge of God, as he says, among a people
who had hitherto lived in lamentable ignorance and darkness, and
content to endure risk, fatigue, and haixlship, if so be he nnght answer
the end of his mission. On one of these voyages— " voyages of discovery "
the apostle of fishermen, Bishop Feild, used in later years to call thoiii
—he was shipwrecked, and to the suiprise of all who knew the coast,
he managed to escape to shore, having lost everything except what he
had on. After ten years of labour such as this, Mr. Evans left the
mission of Placcntia, since which, no resident of the Church of England
has been stationed there.

APPENDIX TO CriAPTER

RncTons or St. John tiik
Uai'Ti.st, St. John's, Ni;w-
foijndi.ani).

1699 Rev. John Jackson.
1705 liev. Mr. llice.
1730 Rev. Mr. Fordycc.
1744 Rev. M. IVaseley.M.A.
175'^ Rev. Edward Liiiiffiiiiin,

M.A., Hi.liol College,

Oxford.
1783 Rev, Wiilter Price.
1791 I!ev. John Harries, M.A.
1810 Rev. David Rowland,

M.A.
1817 Rev. Thomas Grantham,

M.A.
1819 Rev. Fredk. Carringtoii,

li.A.
1840 Rev.Thos. l!ridge,M.A.,

C.(!. Oxford.
IS.H Rifflit Rev. Edward Keild,

D.I).
18/G Right Uev. J. B. Kelh-y,

D.D., D.C'.L.
1878 Right Rev. Llewtllyii

Jones, D.D.
1894 Rev. Arthnr lleber

Rrown, M.A., St. IM-

nniiid's Hall, Oxford.

St. Thomas'.

18;iG \'en. Archdeacon Wix,

M.A.
1840-18")2 Rev. Charles

Hlackniaii, M.A.

ISriH-Bl Uev. Thomas Martin

Wood, R.D., iiieiim-

heut IS-Oa, rector 1877.

1881 Rev. Arthnr Charles

Fit/gerald Wood, M.A. ;

( 'urate, IJev. Henry

Duiifield, 1881.

Sr. Mauy's.

185G Rev. John Pearson, In-

eunihent.
18G4 Rev. Charles Medley,

11. A., Inenuihcnt.
18G7 Rev. Edward Itotwood,

Incunihent, I8G7 ;

Rector, 1877; R.I).,

1879; Archdeacon,

1894.

Rectous of IfAunouit

GllACE.

17t)fi Rev. Laurence Coiighlan.
1773 Rev. Juwes llall'our,
M.A.

Missi()NAun.;s or Tuimtv.

1?:!9 liev. K(,ht. Killputiiek.
1" I:! l!fv. Ilfniy .Iniics.
17.'iO lli'Y. lii'iijiinnn Lind.sav.
1704 lUv. Jaiae.s lialfoaV,

M.A.
1782 Rev. Mr. liaiker.
1780 Rev. Jolm Cliiieh, M.D.
18'20 Uev. Atihrcy lU.orgo

Niaiioor, D.D.

1822 Rev. William IJullock,

D.I).
183(1 lU-v. William Nishett.

1842 Rev. 11. J. Fitz.ri.nild,

M..\.
1848 R.v. llcitrani Jones.
18,")i) lU'v. 'I'liomas Martvn

Wood.
1853 Rev. Ik'iijamin Smith,

R.D.
1877 Rev Henry Diirilield.
INK) Kev. Henry Foster.
1883 Kev. Henry Chas. I[.

Johnson.
1889 Rev. William Weaver.

MlSSIONAIilKS AT FeUBY-
l.ANL'.

IGIO Hev. I'.rasmus S'onrton.
1748 Kev. K.hvard Lanvr-nan,

M.A.
1791 Rev. Sanniel Cole.
1799 Kev. John Din-rle.
1802 Kev. Henry Wood. '"' "
1819 Rev. Aaiirey George

Spencer, H.A.

1823 Rev. Charks IJIaekman,

M.A.
1827 Rev. I'eter Perriiig.
1839 Rev. William Itowman.

1843 Rev. William J. Hoyles.

185

-Chronological List of Clergy

\r.K, Kev. G. C. Jeuuer. m,; ,>

l«02Rev. Lewis Amadeus ^"

-Mis|)ach.
1813 Rev. Fiederiek Carrin'r.

ton, li.A. "^

1818 Kev. John Leigh, Episeo-

]>al Commissary.
1822 Rev. John IJuvt.
1833 Rev. James Shreve
1837 Kev. S. Mnsson.

1842 itev.Georg,! J. Addison,

1843 Rev. George Barinnr

CI " o

owan.

1845 Rev. .[(dm Cha|>inaM.

18;.() Uev. Henry Pnrden

Disney.

18."il Kev. litrtrain Jones.

1877 Uev. .Jolm .Monk Noel.

!7- . "'nry Harris

Hamilton, li.A.
Uev. Augustus E. C

Bavlv.
18«I li-v.'ljohert Temple.
18G4 Kev. John M„nk NOel
18G8J{ev. iiemy Muynard

■Skiuuer.
1870 Itev. Charles Rock

West.
1873 Rev. Cornelius Martin

Ellnighani.
1875 Key. Arthur Charles

Wajrhorne.

TVVILI.INOATH.

181G Kev.— Lee.

1819 Uev.— Langhorue.

1822 Uev. — R„l|„ek.

1823 l!ev.

- C

>ni)iui in.

Pl.ACKNTIA.

1787 Uev. — Harries.
1790 Kev.-. Evans.

1819 J{ov. — (Spencer?

Hl-aut's Content.
1827 Kev. Otto Weeks.
l'^29 Kev. J. Moore.
1H3(; Uev. — Hamilton.
1811) Uev. — Lind.

Rav KonuKTs.

Rev. Oldvald Howell.

Caimionkau.

1820 Uev. -liuit.
Uev.— Fitzgerald.

1815 Kev

HiiltlN.

— Grantham.

St. JonN's Our-

HAItl!()i:ii.

1822 Uev. C. niaekman.

1823 Uev. — Laughorne.
1829 Kev. — IVrriug.
1829 Kev. T. li,),me.
18.i2Uev.T, M.Wood.
1840 Rev. — Addison.

GnEEN'81-OXI).

Re\'. — Coster.

Uev. T. M. Wood.

Rev. — Gilchrist.

I'OIIT 1)K GitAVE.

1827 liev. C. lilaekman.
1839 Kev. — Viears.

CHUUCII OF ENGLAND IN NEWFOUNDLAND.

II.— Church of England.

Cli'.iivli population, iis per census.

IH'Jl

- 09,823

l<.umbcr of Aiissions sinil

I'avishcH - . - - 51

!Nunil)er of VAcr^y - - 54
Number of Lay ]{ea(lers and

Catechists ... 141
Nunilier of Communicants - 12,000
Number of Cburches conse-
crated ... - 135
Number of I'arsor ages - 51
Number of Sunday Hcbools - 172
Number of Sunday Scholars- 11,000
Number of Sunday 'leachers !t3l
Number of Day Schools - 213
Number of Day School

Scholars - - - - 11,9-19

One Theological College endowed.

Amount collected for General

Church Fund - - -
j\ mount collected for Home

and Foreign Missions -
Amount collected by Women's

Home Mission
Amount collected for support

of Orphanages -

Endowment for Bishoprics
Eiulowment

College
Endowment

Fund - - -

for Special Mis

for Queen's
for Sustentation

for Clergy Pen-

Endowment

•sions -

Endo^ynlCIlt

sioii Fund

luulowment for Widows of

Clergy Fund - - -

Value cf Cathedral ai.d Churches

„ Schools . - -

„ I'arsona'^ s - -

Glebes - . -

20,000

2,400

700

l,ij00
60,000

4G,500

12,000

1,000

6,500

2 1 000
500,000
80,000
65,000
20,000

Dkankhy of Avai-on.

Kev. Edward Hot wood, Archdvacou.
SI. John's Cathvil/al :

Rev. A. H. Brown, Hector.

]^ev. .1. S. Thoujpson, M.A., Senior

Curate.
Rev. A. G. Hajly. H.A., .lunior Curate.
llev. W. Pilot, D.D., Succenlor.
St. Thomas'— llev. A. C. F. Woo<l, M. A .,
Rector.

.S7. Thomas'— Wcv. II. Dunfield, Curate.
St. Mary's— llcY. Edward Hot wood.
R.D., Hector.

7'«;..s«// and Fo.r Trap- Max. E. Col-
ley, Rev. 11. Marriott, H.A.

St. Johns Old ports— IWv. II. Elrington.
PorliKial Coin--\U'V. W. K. Smith.
Non-Parochial—\\<i\. Wm. I'ilot, D.D.,
St. John's, General Inspector of ClMir(di of
England Schools.

■ Theolojicid College— Ucv. C. Knapp,
B.A.

DkANKRV of CoNCKlTlON HaV.

Rev. R. H. Tavlor, U.D., liiir,;! Be.n.
nn(/n.s—\{(i\. R. II. Taylor, H.D.
Sidmon Corc—\{"\'. J. Darrell.
Porl-(lr-(wravc—Rtiv. T. G. Netten.
Bay Roberts — Rev. \N in. Shears.
Spaniards Bay — Rev. 1'. G. Snow.
New llarhonr, Trinity Bay — Rev. S. J.
Andrews.

Upper Island Coue-Wcv. J. S. Sander-
son.

Harbour Grace — Rev. J. M. Noel.

Harbour Grace {South Side) — Rev-
Jumcs White.

Carhonear — Rev. F. W. t'oUey.

Bay-de-Verds—\lcv. G. II. Holt, M.A

Dkaneky of T.unity Hav.

-, Rural Dean.

Diocese of Newfoundland.

Former Prelates— Awhxey George Spen-
cer, D.D., 1839. Edward Feild, D.D,, 1844.
James Butler Kelly, D.D., 1H76.

Present /y/.s-Ao/)— Right Revtrend Lle-
wellyn Jones,D.D., Lord Hislioi) of Newfound-
land", CouKccrated in St. Paul's Cathidral,
London, or. Festival of SS. I'hilip iiid James,
187H, by the Inte Archbishop Ta't. of Can-
terbury, the Hisliops of Ivondoii and Hereford,
and Bishop Kelly.

Archdeacon of NcufoHndland—lhiV,
Edward Botwood, R.D.

Commissaries in Eniiland—Rcv. Canon
Jones, M.A. , Hurneside, Kendal; Rev, J. J.
Curling, B.A., Hamble, Southampton.

Commissary in Bermuda — '.'"he Yen. J.
Lumley Loigh.

Hpv.

Heart's ( oulent—Rvv. H. C. Johnson.
Random — Kev. Henry I'etley.
Trinilii H'c.s^— Rev. W. Weaver.
Tiinit'y East— licv. G. II. Field.
Calalina — Rev. John G. Cragg.

Deaneiiv of Honavikta Hav.

Rev. Augustus K. C. Bayly, Rural Dean.
Bonavista — Rev, A. E (' Bayly, H.D.,
iiud Itev. Horatio Reed.

Kiiu)s (^ -'(»■<;— Rev, William Kirby.
Goose Hay — Rev. T. R. Nurse,
Salvaije — Rev. C. Wood.
Greenspond — Rev. J. Aiitle.

Deankut of Nothe Dame Bay.

Rev, Robert Temple, Rural Dean.
Po(io—Rev. W.t;. White.
Tivillinyalc— llev. Robert Temple, R.D.

CHURCH OF ENGLAND IN 1891.

2r,

Dbaneiiy of NoTiiF Dame Bay — cont.

Herriny Neck — Uuv. G. S. Chamber-
lain.

Exploits -Rev. A. C. Waghoine.

Little Bay— licv. A. rittman.

Whilf liny , M,.. A.

Coffni, Ciitechist.

Deaneky of P1.ACENTIA Bay.

— — , liural Dean.

Harbour Biiffett—litv. K, K. II. Cald-

well.

Bull.

J5wrin— Rov. John Hewitt.
Lamaline — Rev. F. T. R. Smith, 15.A.
Whitbourne and Placentia — Rev. J. II.

Deanery of Fortu.nh Bay

Rev. George Bishop, Rural Dean.

Harbour Briton — Rev. T. V. Qumton.

Hermitaye Bay— licv. George IJishoii,
R.D.

Bclleoram—Uev. Williiini Ilaynes.

Burgeo — Rev. Frank Smart.

Jiose Blanche — Rev. T. 1'. Massiali.

(Channel — Rev. Llewellyn Godiien.

St. Pierre — Rev. T. W. Temple (under
licence of tlie Bishop of Loudon).

Deankkv op Straits of Beli.e Isi.k.

~ -. liural Dean.

St (ienryr'.i /},(y- Rev. Charles Jeflery.

Buy 0/ I.tlunds—Ucv. A. Oiirrie

B'Wie ,V,,y_l{ev. Charles W. Hollands.

Jiatllv Harbour y\y \y

I'itcluT, Catcchist. , - • .

Samltrirlt Unii m,. t

leks, Catcchist.

Strait nf IMte Isle M,.

G.Mifflin, Cattehist.

Rev. II. I'etley, Senior, ]SI.A., letircd.

Rev. J. Goddeii, unattached.

Theoi-ogical College.

Fi.siVo/-— 'Die Lord Bishop.

Principal— \\is\.Q. Knapp, li.A.

Council— 'Vhii Lord liishop, Rev. K. Rot-
wood, Rev. A. C. F. Wood, Rev. W. I'ilot,
Hev. J. S. Thompson, Sir J. S. Winter,'
K.C.M.G., Messr:. J. Outerbndge, W. n'.
Horwood

DiocKSAN Synod ov Newioi:xi.lani).
Executive Committee— T\k LovA Bishop
RevB. F,. Botwood, E. Colicy, H. Dmitiel'l',
Will. I'llot, A. C. F. Wood, ,1. S. Tlu.nlI,^„n
and Hon. A. W. Harvey, Sir J. S. Winter'
K.C.M.G., Han. (i. T. Rendcll, .[. VV. AVitlurs'
Hon. .Sir W. V. Whiteway, K.C.Jf.ti., W. b!
Grieve.

Secre<(jr//— Hon. G. T. Rendtli,

#■■

CHAPTER 11.

THE ROMAN CATHOLIC CHURCH IN NEWFOUNDLAND.

By the Moat Rev. M. F. Howley, D.D.,

Jiishop of St. John'i.

The (larin^f exjiloicrsol' the fifteenth century were aiiiniated ahke by
the spirit of discovery and an ardent desire to Sjjread the gospel of Christ
and to convert tlie lieathen. We liave notices of catliolic priests and
friars accompnnyinj^f many of these early voyagers.

Italian monks (Augustinians) went wiih Cabot on his second voyage,
there were priests with the Portuguese, and in the early part of this
volume will be found notices of Biscayan clergymen accompanying
the Basque fishermen to Terra Nova. Cartier mentions having mass
celebrated at Brest, Labrador, in 1534.

There are no otluu* records of Catholic worship in Newfoundland
until we come down to Lord Baltimore's settlement at Firryland in
1()23. He expended a very hirge sum of money on his colonization
scheme. In l(i27, when he first visited Ferryland, he was accompanied by
three priests, named Smith, Hackett, and Longville. These priests " said
" mass every Sunday at Ferryland and used all other ceremonies of the
" church of Home, in the am|)le manner as it is used in Spain," so says
the Puritan divine, the Rev. Erasmus Stourton. Baltimore's colony tailed
like all its predecessors, and the next event in the history of the Catholic
Church in the Colony is the establishment of the French in Placentia,
16ij2. We gather from the English records, and from French sources,
that there was a small chapel, several priests, and one at least always
in residence during the winter from the early foundation of Plaisance.

The formal establishment of the Franciscan Friars at Placentia by
Bishop St. Valliei- of Quebec took place in 1GS9. In 1G86 Governor
Parat, in sending to France for his winter supplies, mentions " 10 lbs.
" of wax candles for the altar." In the official letter of Bish'p
St. Vallier to the Franciscans he sp(,'aks of " tl;e chapel which has been
" consecrated to God in the said town." ^ The Franciscan Church iu

' This cliajiel appears in tin; curly plan of I'lacuutia facing p. 248.

UISHOP (VDONEL. 27

Placentia seems to liave disappeared with the evacuation oftiu' place liy
the French after the Treaty of Utrecht in 1713, and all fuithor attempt
at forming any permanent religions .settlement seems to have been
abandoned. A Memoir ol' the di.icose of Qurbee at the year 17!)t
contains the following remark, " Since the peace of ITGo the Islands of
' St. Pierre and Micpielon havebrcn subject to a Prefect Apostolic. *S'o»ie
" travellers report that there is one also in Newfoundland." Quebec
had evidently lost all rapport with Newfoundland in ecclesiastical
matters. About the middle of the century (1750) tlie innuigration
from Ireland (principally from Waterfurd, Kilkenny, and Tipi)erafy)
began to assixme considerable proportions, and though they had no
regularly organised ecclesiastical government, we learn from the ])t'nal
enactments of the governors of the times, agauist acts of Catholic
worship, that there were priests in the Island.

Wo find that towards the last decade of the century the Catholic
population of tlic country had increased to nearly twenty thousand,
and there were some six or seven priests in the country. Hence, by
the year 1784, it was thought that the poi)uhition had taken sutliciently
permanent root to demand an oflicial recognition frou) Home.

In this year then, 1781', we may date the birth of the Catholic churcli

in Newfoundland. The Rev. James Louis O'Donel, O.S.R, a native of

Knocklofty, co. Tipperary, Ireland, was appointed Prefect Apostolic of

the Island by Pope Pius VI. He was a wise and prudent man, and

thoiudi his assumption of a dignity conferred by the Pope was naturally

considered an audacious act of " Papal aggression" by the over-zealous

governors of th3 time, yet by his mildness and firnmess he lived it all

down, and became a great favourite with all classes. He was elevated

to the Episcopal dignity in 1790, and consecrated hi Quebec by Bishop

Hubert. He built the " Old Chapel " and " Ol.l Palace," visited the

diocese, and drew )ip a set of diocesan statutes. By his prudence he

move than once quelled the turbulent spirits of his ilock, yoaded by

persecution, and his services were acknowledged and rewarded by the

British Government. After a laborious pn.storate of twenty-two years

he retired to Ireland in 180G. He received a most complimentary

address and presentation from the merchants and peopV generally on

leaving, and his departure was universally regretted.

H^was succeeded by the Right Rev. Patrick Lambert, also a member
of the Order of St. Francis, who held the reins of Ecclesiastical Govern-
uient for ten year.. During this time the penal restrictions were
considerably relaxed, and the population of the place rapidly increase.!,
and society generally began to advance in all the amenities of civihzed
and social life ; schools .)f various denominations were established. In

ROMAN CATHOLIC CIIUJICII IN NEWFOUNDLAND.

tlie year 1807 tlie Benevolent Irish Society was fbrnied, and, though
non-iKiiomiiiational in character, it soon bocanic practically a Roman
Catholic body. Its object was two-fold, charity' and education. Under
its auspicies the Or|dian Asylum was built, and schools opened, which
have never ceased down to the present day to diffuse the benefits of a
sound moral and religious education. Dr. Lambert made a visitation
of Conception Bay and the southern shore. Ho enlarged the " Old
Palace " and increased the number of priests to seven, and several small
churches were erected during his episcopacy. He returned to Ireland
in 1817 and died there.

He was succeeded by Right Rev. Dr. Thos. Scallan, O.S.F., a native
of Wexford, who was the first bishop who died in Newfoundland (1829).
He increased the number of priests to ten. He visited Rome in 1827,
and made a visitation of the diocese as far west as Burin.

BOMAN CATHOLIC CATII HDUA I,, SI. JOHN'S.

On October 28th, 1829, Father Michael AntlKiUy Fleming, O.8.F.,
WJiH consecrated as coadjutor and successor to Dr. Scallan, in the " Old
Chapel." Tills was the first time this religious function had been
performed in Newfoundland. ISishop Fl filing immediately set to work
to divide the Island into regular missions or pai'ishes. He secured nine
additional priests from Ireland. He visited as far west as Bay Despair,
and gave a great impetus to (iducational matters, especially by the
introduction of the Presentation Nuns in 1883. He had built for them
a beautiful convent, which was burnt in the fire of 184G. After a
hard struggle with the Imperial authorities, he secured the plot of land

IMSirOP MULLOCK. 20

on which the Ciithednil now sbinds, und on thi' 2()Lh of May LS41 ho
hiid tlitj foundation stone of that ina^niiticfnt building', wluch l)eforo his
death was so far advanced towards conipUtion that he cclehratod the
tirst Mass in it on the festival of the Ei)iphany (January 0th), 1850.
In 1842 he introduc(!d tlic Sifters of Mercy Nuns, whose ohject is to
visit tlie poor and sick, iind to teach a liigher or(k'r of education. He
built the monastery of Belvedere, where he died full of works and
merits on the I4th Jvdy LS50. In 1825 there were sixty thou.siind
inhabitants in the Island, of whom twenty-tive thou.sand were
Catliolics.

Dr. Fleming's health beginning to fail, he asked t'<ir a coadjutor,

and Father John Thomas Mulioek, of the same Serapliic Order, was

appointed. He was consecrated in Rome, by Cardinal Franzoni, on the

27th December 1847, and arrived in St. John's the Gth May 1848. Ho

was a man of rare ability, vast erudition, and great strength of

character. He ruled the Church for twenty years, and it may Ije said

that the ecclesiastical ati'airs took giant strides under liis energetic

government. He made several episcopal visitations to the remotest

parts of the Island, visiting St. George's Bay and the French

shore, for the first time, in 1849, and circumnavigating the Island

in 1850. Under his episcopate the cathedral was completed, and

adorned with its grand altar, its numerous statues, paintings, and

other rare works of art. He built the New Palace, Episcopal Library,

St. Bonaventure's College, the two convents for the Presentation and

Mercy Nuns ; the whole ibrming a group unicpie for grandeur of site ■

and beauty ox architecture. The cost of these splendid buildings was

not less than 120,000/. (■^000,000). When he came to the country

there were twenty-four priests in the Island ; at his death there were

thirty-five priests, fourteen convents, and sixty-five churches and

chaijels. The cathedral was consecrated on Siiptumber 9th, 1855, on

which occasifjn Archbishop Hughes of New York and several of the

Canadian bishops attended. At this time, al.^o, the foundation stone of

the Church of St. Patiick, at Iliver Head, St. John's was laid by the

distinguished American Prelate. In 1850 Dr. Mullock had the Island

divided into tv/o dioceses, St. John's and Harbour Grace. Father John

Dalton was consecrattd by Bishop Mullock, in the Cathedral of

St. John's, as fiist bishop of Harbour Grace. The nuud»er of Catliolics

in the Island in 1857 was fifty-seven thousand.

In St. Bonaventure's College, besides the secular school which took
the place of the ohl Koman Catholic Academy, there was an Ecclesiastical
Department, and soon several natives of the country were prepared for
the priesthood. Dr. Mulleck was author of many learned and interesting

Il<>.MAN CATHOLIC CllUKCUI IN NEWFOUNDLAND.

lusiinp POWER.
lly S. II. I'aritins.

lectures and pamplilets, which were publi^jhed from time to time. He
also is credited with being tlie iirst to orij^inato the idea of the
Transathmtic Tek-graph Cable, and the Harb(nu' Grace Railway. He
died ill St. John's on Easter Monday, 2!)th March, I8G9.

Bishop Mullock wag succeeded by the late Right Rev. Thos.
Jos. Power, who Vvas consecrated by His Eminence Cardinal Cullen,

Arch1)ishop of Dublin, at the Church of St.
Agatha's, Irish College, Rome, on Trinity
Sunday, June 12th, 1870. The new bishop
had already passed a distinguished cai'eer in
Ii-eland. He was bom in New Ross, co. Wex-
ford, in 1830. Ho was Canon of the Cathedral
in Dublin, and President of the Diocesan Semi-
nary atClonliffe. He had ac([uired great renown
as a powerful and eloquent pulpit oi'ator, and
had gained University honours in London. He
was a most polished and courtly prelate, and
well fitted to fill tlio now important See of
St. John's. He found before him a churcli
flourishing in all its ecclesiastical departments,
a grand catheilral, a palatial residence, a devoted, zealous, and dis-
tinguished body of clergy, convents, schools, orphanages, and all the
institutions of a thoroughly organised diocese, all of which were
worthily maintained, increased, and developed during his long and
successful episcopate.

He arrived in St. John's on September 9th, 1870. By a happy
coincidence the Church was en fete in honour of the anniversary of tiie
consecration of tlie cathedral. The triumphant reception which he
received was worthy of the noble and faithful people of Newfoundland.
He died on the 4th December 1893, thus his episcopate lasted over
twenty-three years, being the longest on the list of our hierarchical tree.
During this long reii^n he encouraged all ecclesiastical and educational
matters. He i*aised to a height of particular grandeur the music aiid
ritual of the cathedral, and while thus caring for the ajsthetic beauties
of the catholic worship he did not neglect the material needs of the
edifice and comforts of the congregation, having secured at a large
expense the heating of the vast building by a hot-water system. He
completed and dedic.ited the Gothic church of St. Patrick's, River
Head, and several substantial and elegant churches were erected in
dilfcient outpoits. The great glory of his episcopate is the intro-
duction of the Ciiristian Bi'othcis as teacheis of the Benevolent Irisli
Society's schools, and the erection by the same Society of their hall

lilSlloP I'OW Kll,

un.l schools on the site of the ohl 0,pl,an Asyhii,,. This hall w.s
hurnt down in the great Hre of 1S!)2, bat i. a.^.iin n.-aring complete
restoration on a still grai»aor scale. The brol.h.rs have als.) schools at
liiver Plead, and teach at present some nine hnndre<l hoys. Th.-.r,,,up of
ecclesiastical buildings in the capital has also been increased%.y the
line residence of the brothers at Mount St. Francis, the coninio^lious
Orphiinago ut Belvedere, the Presbytery and Conv.-nt at River Head,
and the beautiful Chapel of the Sacred Heart at the Mercy Couv.wl'
in all respects the diocese has made great progress. Theie are thirty
priests, sixteen convents, two orphanages. 'Jhu Catholic population is
forty-five thousand.

Catholicity! in Newfoundland owes a d-Xip doljt of gratitiide to the
old priests of the diocese ; these devoted pioneers had to suH;-,r hardships
as good soldiers of Christ, to conquer difficulties unknown to the priisent
generation. Fifty years ago tlie toils of travel were such as would
appal the present generation, accustomed to railways,
fine coastal steamers, good roads and the telegrai)!).
Amongst the pioneers of the Holy Fidtli, the best
remembered in our day was Dean Cleary, familiarly
known all over the southern shore as the "Dane."'
He was not only a devoted priest, an eminent church
builder, you couhl tell you were e'ltcring his parish
by the splendid roads; every public work in his
great parish was under his personal superintendence.
For over half a century he ministered to the
spiritual wants of his flock, rich and poor ; dkan clkart.

Protestants and Catholics had eiiunl love and esteem HuJ.Vcu.

for the good dean ; the noble churches and convents
erected by his vuiwearied za^xl arc the perennial monument to his sainted
memory. The dean was fond of recounting his labours and toil iiv tlie
old days. Once when he was telling of his conversions Bishop Mullock
said to him, "What's the use of your telling us about Witless Bay and
" the Williamses, and all the converts you made ? why, if you had stnyed
" in King's Cove you would have made all Bonavista Bay Catholic."

Time would fail to speak of all the good work done by Father
Troy, builder of the churches at The Cove and Torbay, of Father Dalton
or Dean Mackin in Brigus, of Father Kyran Walsh and his amiable
successor Rev. Jeremiah O'Duunell in Harbour Main, of Fathei' (London's

' The foUowiiif; piiragraphs down to the ("oinmi'iiccment of the description of Harbour
Grace Diocese hiive l)een lidded liy iiic to liishop llowlcy'fi excellent paper on the Catholic
Chuich iu Newtoundlaud with his full approval.— D.W.l".

;i2 HUMAN CATHOLIC CIIUIICII IN NEWFOUNDLAND.

£,'r(!at works in Placen\.ia, and Father Richard O'Donncll's t-niinent
service to the church at St. Mary's, of Father li(!arn, the zeahius apostle
to the Alicinac Inthaiis, of Father Ward and Father Brown in Tilton
Harbour and Fogo, and of other devoted priests known to our fathers.
I must hasten on to recount some of the good work performed for our
Holy Church by the younger clergy. Amongst the great church
builders of our own time, three young native priests are eminently
distiugiushed. Bishop Howley has very modestly ignored his own work
at the Belvidere Orphanage and on the west coast, but his praise as an
energetic and devoted priest is in all the churches. The most remark-
able example of iseal and successful carrying out of Catholic institutions
in the colony is the career of Father Morris, cut oft" in the midst of his
labours ; never since the apostolic age was th.ere a priest who gave
liiniself so entirely body and soul to the service of the Church; no
ditKculty daunted him, obstacles that would have paralysed a feebler
worker never (luenched his zeal or stopped his onward path. Tlie noble
Church at Oderin, the beautiful Chapel at Mimuels, Villa Nova, all btar

8ALM0NIEU CIIUGCII.

Vluito by Parsons.

testimony to his devotion to the sacrcl cause of religion. No man ever
so literally fulfilled the Divine injunet'on " Be not weary in well doing."
The most unselfish of men, he literally wore himself out ; the worries, the
perplexities, the incessant labour he imposed on liis enfeebled frame
paralysed at last the unselfish zeal and fiery energy that only death
could conquer. Father Monis was a liberal of liberals, one of the
earliest promoters of the railway; his lectures and his literary remains
all bear the hall mark of genius.

Father St. John of Salmonier, aniongst the younger clergy, is a wortl)y
follower of Dean Cleary ; he attends both to the spiritual and temporal

FATIIKK CLAllKK. 33

needs of lii.s piimliionors witl. unboundctl gcneiWity. Ho has expeiKk-d
from his privato means on tlio biiildinjj an.l improvenioiit of the
bcautilul churches that adorn the h)vely estuary ol" Sahnonler, and has
been eijually enerfretie in the; promotion of i-oads and the improvement
of aj,'ricultare amon;,rHt his Hock. Father Chuke's good work at Tni hay
is well known to all. Both in tlie erection of churches ami the moral
improvement of his people his Reverence is another signal example of
the beiiefits conferred on our Catholic people by a pious, amial)le, and
energetic priest.

A short time before the decease of Bishop Power, the Ilight Rev.
Thomas F. Biennan, D.D., was sent here as his assistant. 'I'ho
young prelate is distinguished for his great learning; his amiable aiul
unassuming manner won for him many friends in the diocese.
At Bishop Power's death the spiritual welfare of the ilock wius
entrusted by the Holy Father to the care of the Very Rev. J. Scott,
as administrator of the diocese pending the advent of a new bishop.
The genial and pious administrator is a universal favourite, and
under his wise counsels the affairs of the diocese will be well
directed. We still happily retain tlie Venerable Archdeacon Ftn-ristal ;
may ho long be spared to aid us by his deep learning and profoun<l
experience. Of the elocjuence and popularity of Dean Ryan, the
devoted pastor of St. John's, West, and the younger clergy. Dr. Ryan
and Dr. O'Reilly, it would be supeifluous to dwell on their good
qualities. They are well known to all the Catholic people of St. John's,
to whom thoy are endeared by the cherislierl ties which link together for
time and eternity the devoted Catholic priest and the (Jatholjc people.

The Catholic Church in this Colony was founded by poor Irishmen,
and by Irishmen only, with no extraneous help ; it was begun in an evil
time of persecution and penal laws, when the Catholic priest was
hunted like a bandit, when all outward ohservances of the faith were
prohibited under the direst pains and punishments ; for years it was only
anddst the lonely rocks and under the canopy of heaven that the ]loly
Sacrifice of the Mass could be ofi'ered up by the sorely pei-secuted clergy.
Tf) human eyes the Catholic Church in the Colony seemed a very poo)'
institution, despised and rejected of men. Outwardly she might ap|)ear
feeble and failing, but sho was growing strong with a Divine strength
resting on the sure foundation of the eternal Rock of the Faith,
The puny seed planted by these poor Catholic Irishmen in Newfound-
land, watered by Divine grace, has grown into a great tree, a devoted
and noble branch of the Holy Church, under whose heneficent intiuence
piety and charity, pure religion, morality and the blessings of a Christian
education have been spread over our land. Since this paper was in

/ p. 2729. C

nOMAN CATHOLIC CIIUUCII IN NKWFOUNDLAND.

print, Bishop Howloy lias been appointed to the (liocese of St. John's,
the first native Catholie l)islif,p.

In 185(5 ' the iioi thorn part of tiie Cohmy was erected into a
diocese under the title of Harbour Grace. The lliglit Ilcv. Dr. Dalton,

as mentioned above, was its first bishop. He
died in May 18(50, five weeks after Bishop
Mulloclv. His episcopate of thirteen yeiirs
was peaceful and full of good works, the
principal of which was the erection of the fine
cathedral at Harbour Giace. Bishop Dalton
was succeeded by the Rijfht Rev. Henry ( 'ar-
fagnini, an Italian fiiar of the Order of
St. Francis. He had been previously President
of St. Bonaventure's College, St. John's. A man
of great talent and learning, his Lordship was
promoted, after ten year-i of episcopate,, to the
diocese of Gallipoli, in Italy. He completed and
embellished the cathedral of Harbour Grace,
adding the cupola and transei)ts. This fine buildii.g was burnt down
in September 1889, but has been rebuilt on a new and improved plan
by the present energetic bishop.

IIIMIIor DAI.TON.

Jly Ailmiis, llarhoui'
Qraee,

FinST nOMAN CATHOLIC CATHBDllAL, HAUllOUlt OUACK.

The Right Rev. Dr. Ronald McDonald, the third bishop of tlie Sec,
came to Newfoiuulland in 1879 from Pictou, N.S., where he had

' Bishop Howle.y's narrative rocoinineiiti'S lioru.

Jjisiiui' McDonald.

Loon for many years parish priest. His great learning an.l adniinis-
tiativo ability, /oal an.l in.lifatigable energy, his prudence an.l charity,
were not unknown to tho authorities in Rome, and he was cli.)Hen as
the one best fitted to remove the dillicuities which had distracted the

CATlIIiDItAL, UAUIlOt'U OUACK.

From a phultiuraph hit J. Vcii.

dioc('H.j of Tfarhour Grace. The hopes then cherished were filly
realised. He soon succeeded in restoring pjace, with all its hlessings.
Of his episcopate, in which he still hol.ls honoured and active rule, it is

enough to .say that he has displayed in a still
more marked manner, in his new and wi.ler
sphere, those virtues and energies already alluded
to. He has studded the diocese with churches,
schools, and instituti.ms, and is still actively
engaged in the work. There are in the dioccso
twenty-one priests, forty-four churches, ei^'.ity-
five stations, five convents, twenty-five nuns,
ninety schools and a population o^" twenty-nine
thousand.

i'i,.,t„ijuXotm.,n. The we^torn part of the island, conipri,smg

the French shore, had been obliged to depend,
u[) to the year IHoO, on the chaplains of the French navy and fishing
fleet for its s]>iritual attendance, Occasionally a priest was sent to
visit it from Quebec. In 1849 Bishop Mullock visited it for the first
time, and in the following year secured for the people the services
of a stationa'-y ckrgyman in the person of the Rev. Alexia Belauger,
who was appointed Vicar-General of the diocese of St. John's. He
died at Sandy Point, St. George's Bay, on tho 7th September 18G8,

c 2

^^^■Hf

^^^^^N

P^l^'

•■ yl'.

> tt'.i

^■^^*?

i^'*

^^^^^BflFfil

ROMAN CATHOLIC CHURCH IN NEWFOUNDLAND.

and was buried at Quebec. He was ouceeoded by the Right Rev.
Monsignor Sears, of the diocese of Antigoiiisli, who, in 1870, was
created Prefect Apostolic, thua taking the region out of the juris-
diction of St. Jt)lin's. Monsignor Sears was a most cneigetic ami
cnthu'^iastic prohite. Besides building several churclies, schools, and
pr(;sbyteries, and establishing a regular staff of clergy on the shore, he
was the tii-st who, by his lectures and vigorous lettei-s to the press, drew
the attention of the Government officials of St. John's and England to
the state of that part of the Island, to its great natural resources and
future ijrospects. He was the pioneer of the system of public roads on

the coast, and by his efforts secured
for it representation in the Legis-
lature, the establishment of mails,
police, and custom service, &c. He
died at Stellar ton, N.S., on November
7th, 1885, and is buried in the family
vault at Lochaber, Antigonish. He
was succeeded in (he Prefecture
Apostolic by the Rev. Dr. M. F.
Howley, of St. John's. In April
1892 the Prefecture was elevat^xl
another step in the hierarchy and
made a Vicariate, the Prefect being
appointed Vicar Apostolic and Titular
Bishop of Ama-stris. The Right Rev.
Dr. Howley was consecrated by
Bishop Power, of St. John's, in the
cathedral of that place, on St. John's
Day (June 24th) 1892, being the first
native of Newfoundland elevated to the episcopal dignity. During
the past eight years the French shore has develoj)ed ra])idly ; several
churches, presbyteries, and schools have been erected, and in 1893 a
community of Sisters of Mercy was introduced. There are now in th(>
Vicariate six priests, two convents, tea sisters, thirty-four church(>s,
sixty-nine stations, twenty schools, and about six thousand five hundred
of a population. The total Roman Catholic population of the Island,
by the census of 1891, is over seventy-two tlumyaiul,

ST. PATBICK'S ClIUllClI, CAIUIOSBAU.

From a ijlwtoaraph by E. Parsons.

The group of islaiuls comprising St. Pierre, Langlade, Micpielon, and
Ile-aux-Chiens was fully ceded to (he French by the Treaty of Pai-is,
1763. In that year there was a curd there, the Rev. M. Paradis, who
was sent from Quebec. In 1770 the Rov. M. Bequct was there as

BISHOP noWLEY.

Prefect Apostoli^. At tl.e time of the French Revoh.tion (1793) there
w re two priests ,u 8t. Pierre and one in Miquelon. The oa h of

A a.n) efused to take tl.e oath and escaped to Arichat. Pere Lon^ue-
V lie took the oath and .en.aincd. At this time the island was taken by
the Engl.sh and ocaxpunl by then, till 1816. when it was again ceded to
Irance by the treaties of Paris an.l Vienna. A priest of tl>e diocese ot'
Eennes, Iranco the Rev M. Olivier, was sent out in LS15 as A^Ii .
t ator ; since then there have been four Prefects Apostolic. In 1842
the freres des ecoles Chretiennes were introduced. They have a very tine
budding, and about three hundred pupils in the communal schools
Ihere is also a pcmton for young ladies, under the Sisters of St Joseph
de C uny. an asylum for children, maritime hospital, girls' 'asyhim
mdustrial home, &c., all under charge of the Sisters. The present
Prefect Apostolic is the Right Rev. Monseigneur Tib(<ri. There are four
priests. The (Jatholic population is. In summer, twenty thousand in
winter, eight thousand. '

;{8

CIIAPTEll III.

THE METHODIST CHURCH IN NEWFOUNDLAND.

By Rev. James Dove, D.D.

The history of Methodism in Newfoundland dates from the year
1705, one yea;- earlier than its epoch in the United States. The t;tory
of its rise, progress, and present position is briefly told in the followiii;^
paragraphs. It is a noteworthy fact that it was the first nii.ssion
ground ever occupied by the Methodist Church. Mr. Wesley, having
heard of the spiritual destitution of the colonists, was very desirou.s to
furnish religious instruction for tliein. At his instance, supported by
the Countess of Huntingdon, Laurence Conghlan uas s<'nt to New-
foundland by " The Society for the Propagation of the Gospel in
Foreign Parts." lie was born in Ireland, and after his cunvtrsion,
being called to the work of the miixistry, he laboured ten years as a
tiavelling preacher in connexion with Mr. Wesley. Complying with
Wesley's i-equest, the Bishop of London ordained Coughlan, who sailed
from England and arrived at IIarl)our '^'"aee, Conception Bay, New-
foundland, in 1705. Th.ough now a clergyman under the auspices of
the aforenamed Society, he was still a Methodist preacher, both in
doL'trine and discipline, and to hia evangelical labours Methodism owes
its origin in Newfoundland,

When he entered upon his missionary work not a school was known
in the Island, nor was a single temple raised to the worship of Almighty
God, except one in St. John's, more especially for the use of those
employed in the military and naval services. " Men who had come
" from England had never seen a minister since they left their native
" shores ; and most of those who had been born on the Island had
" never known one in their lives ; the need of a zealous missionary
" was great, and few men were better adapted for the work than the
" man now sent." During seven years Mr. Coughhin pursued his
solitary labours, sufFeiing, much of the time, severe persecutions. He
was prosecuted in the higliest court of the Island, but was actpiitted ;
abusive letters were written to England against him; a physician was

J{EV. L, COUGKLAN. ;}!)

ongafroJ to poison him, but, becoming converted, exposed the diabolical
design. Meanwhile, as the success of the n)issionaiy increased, the fury
of his enemies became more violent. Tlioy had him summoned before
the Governor, a discerning and resolute officer, who nut only aaiuitted
him, but made him a justice of the peace. His opposers were now
reduced to silence, and the persecuted preacher pursued his labours
with, increased otfect. His health at last failed and he returned to
England, leaving behind him two hundred conmiunicants, little tiiinking
that besides their conversion he had also kindled a fire in the land that
should never be extinguished ; that a large Metho.bst community should
arise therein as the result of the seed which ho had sown ; that the
little church he had planted should be cared for, watched over, and
edified ; that in after years its members should be comited by
thousanils ; that its influence should be felt in the govt;rnment, and
its representatives should sit in the councils of the country ; and that
by the preaching of his successors, nuiltitudes should be " turned unto
the Lord " and l)e for ever saved.

After Coughlan's departure the Methodist Church in Conception
and Trinity Bays was kept together and ministered to by John Stretton,
an Iri^h merchant and local preacher, Arthur Thomey, and J. Pottle,
who were converted under Coughlan's ministiy ; and by John Hoskins
from England, who settled as a .schoolmaster in Old Pelican. In 17.S5
Mr. Wesley sent out John McGeary to occupy the vacant post. In
1791 the Island was visited by William Black, a missionary from Nova
Scotia, who reuiiiined six weeks. His success was verj"- marked ; the
drooping cause was revived. During his short stay he organized
Methodism in the Island, secured its Church property, and obtained
new labourers from Wesley. These carried on and exteiKhul the work.
In the year ISOM three missionaries appear in the minutes of the
English Conference as stationed in Newfoundland ; these were
J. Rennnington, \Vm. Ellis, Samuel McDowell, all Iri.shmen, noble
and faithful men.

In IHll the English Committee had asked their agents to pay
particular attention io St. John's. Definite action was, nevertheless,
delayed until the autunui of 1814, when those who had been awaiting
the appointment of a preacher in St. John's (strengthened by the
arrival of several families from Conception Bay) resolved to proceed
during the ensuing spring with the erection of a small churcli, which
unfortunately was destioyed in the fiery visitati(»u of February 12,
JSlti, when a tliousand human beings were rendiired homeless.

In 1815 tlie six missions of NewfountUand were formed into a district,
with William Ellis ehairmai.. In January I8l(j an important meeting

K) METUOJJKST CIIUUCH IN NEWFOUNDLAND.

took place at Cnrbonoar, when John Gohsc, Esq., presided at a gathering
of the ministers and leading hiymen. They unanimously recommended
an extension of the work in different parts of the Island, and as a pi'oof
of interest in the issue of their rejiresentfitions, sevei'al laymen forwarded
neaily £31 sterling to the Missionary Committee in England, with a list
of the .suhscril)ers, which appeared in the report of 1<S17 as the lii-st
money ever forwarded from a Jiritish colony for mission work. At the
Conference of I.SIO, no leas than six ministers were selected for service
in the Island.

This extension of mission work took place at one of the darkest
])eriodH in the financial history of Newfoundland. At the close of the
w^ar came the inevitable colIaj)sc. Famine, as a gaunt spectiv, haunted
the minds of many at Christmas, liSlO. The uimsual gloom was
deepened by the failure of tlie seal fishery of 1S17; yet greater troubles
were in store for one section of the Island ; two destructive fires in the
fall of the year destroyed vast amounts of property in St John's, and
rendered thousands of the inhabitants homeless. Of the distresses of
these dark days the Metluxlist missionaries were not mere spectators.
By the destruction of their first church in tire fire of 181 (J, which,
however, was rebuilt and opened on Christni.is Day of that year, and the
two fires of 1817, the congregation v.-as so scattered and financially
crippled as to be powerless to aid the trustees in meeting their
obligations, which included a debt of nearly ^2,000 on the church
biu'ned in 181(3. At this crisis the financial att'airs of the disti'ict weie
further complicated l)y the destruction of the large new church at
Carbonear in 1817. A burning shingle from a buildiirg was borne
nearly half a mile to a pile of shavings in the churchyard, and in a few
moments the townsfolk were sorely startled as they saw their new
sanctuary, built almost by themselves at a cost of more than £2,000, in
the relentless grasp of the flames. In these distresses an aj)Meal was
made to the Methodists of England, which resulted in the noble sub-
scription of over £2,000 sterling.

The aborigines of Newfoundlant! were not forgotteir by the
Methodist Missionary Committee in its plans for the evangelization
of the Island.

In 1809, at the request of Dr. Coke, Jolm Reinniington had gone in
search of these real natives, but through lack of i»reparation Tor a
diflieult and dangei'(^us task, failed tu find any representativcss of a
i-a])idly diminishing race. Eleven years later, when the story of their
nn'sfortune was atti-acting tlu; attention of English philanthi-opists;, they
received special mention hi the instructions forwarded by the Connnittee

EXTENSION OF THE MISSION.

to their missionaries in tlie Island. These instnictions and effoi-ts were
to little purpose, for it is (piite proliahle tliat, with perhaps a few
exceptions, " the real aborigines of tlie Island were sleei)ing the sleep of
death."

For the spiritual welfare of some niemhers of other Indian trihcs, it
was not too late to devise plans. Attempts weie made to establish a
mission on the coast of Labrador, from Hopedale, the most southerly
station of the Moravian mii^sions, to the Straits of Belle Isle. Diflerent
missionaries visited this part of the coast for .iome years, but in the
report for iiS2i), it was said, "The Labrador Mission is for the present
" abaniloued, principally in consecpience of the removal of the Escpiimaux
" tribes from the coast into the interior of the country, und their general
" dispersion." Thirty years later, however, missionary work on the
Labrador was resumed, and is continued at the present time. From
the formation of the Newfoundland District in ISL5, the Society's

^vl■:sLKYA^• ciiuiicii, ST. joh.n's.

operations were faithfully carried on with growing interest and success,
the chair of the district being occupied by such men as Ellis, Bell,
Pickavant, Williams, Botterell whose ability and wisdom commanded
for them genei'al respect. In the year 1855 another step in advance
was taken, and Newfoundland became a part of what was known as the
Conference of Eastern British America, comprising the provinces of
Nova Scotia, New Brunswick, Prince Edward Island, Newfoundland,
and the Islands of Beruuida.

After the or<'-iinization of the ih'W Conference, tlio work in Newfound-
laVKl i-eceived a fresh impetus. Adilitional mi.ssiouaries arrived from
Eu'dand, sent out by the parent Committei", who still regarded the

METHODIST CllUilCH IN NEWFOUNDLAND.

missions in Newfoundland with fostciing care. In the year 1878,
tlio work having develoi)ed so hirgely, a re- arrangement of the circuits
and missions was deemed necessary, wliich lesulted in the formation of
two districts, hy the divisioi; and alteration of the one previ"usly large
district. Then, h\ 1874, tliere came another epoch in the history of
Methodism in Newfoundland. A plan for a united Metliodist Church
which should span the continent from ocean to -ocean, being approved
of by the regularly constituted courts of the uniting churches, and
receivinjr also the cordiiil concurrence of the British C'onference, was

(lOWmt HTItHKT WKSI.KVW ClllMtCII, ST. .lOIINS.

carried into effect on Sei»t(^mber IGth, 1874, wlum the representatives of
ten annual conferences which had been previously organized, of wliich
number " the Newfoundland Conference" was one, met and constituted
the General Conference of " the Mefhodist Church of Canada," formed
by til ■ union of the former " Methodist (Jluirches of Cana.ila and Kasteni
British America" and of the former " New Connexion Methotlist Church
in Canada." -

TlIK METHODIST CIIUllCH.

In 1883 a further union „f Mothodi.st IxxHcs in Canada took place,
when tho representatives of " the Methodist Church of Canada " " the
Metho.li.st Episcopal Church in Canada," "the Prindtive Methodist
Church ui Canmhi," and "the Bihle Cliristian Church in Cana.hi"
met in PielleviUe, Ontario, on SeptL-iuber otli, « to nin-jrc thi-ir pre-
" viously divided interests, and to prepare to go forth with tlic united
" front of one consolidated, influential, and a<rgressive Churcli, with tho
" nohle aim of spreading scriptural holiness throughout a vast' territory,
" and with tho high honour of having van.iuishc.l obstacles to a
" general union, which Methodists iu other lands had hitherto deemed
" insurmountable."

This comi)leted union of the various blanches of the Metliodist family
assumed the name of " the Methodist Church," and under this new
name the first Newfoundhmd Conference of the Methodist Church was
orgiaiized, according to Act of I'ailiament, in Cower Street Church,
St. John's, July 1st, 1884-. The Conference meets each year in the
month of June, and is composed of all the ministers in full connexion
and an equal number of laymen, elected by the laymen of the aimual
district synod. It has only executive powers, all legislation for tho
Church being enacted by the General Conference, composed of ministers
and laymen in equal numbers meeting quadrennially.

mix. J. s. riTTs,

UKY. llU. DUVIi.

HON. KllWAUl) WllllE.

Since the union of 1874 the history of Methodism in Newfoundland
has been marked by progress. Her financial economy has developed,
cliurches and parsonages have been multiplied, her evangelistic work has
been successful, her educational Avork has advanced.

" Accei)ting the denominational system so called, which in 1874 and
" 1875 was endorsed by the Legislature in accordance with the exj)ressed
" wish of the leailing denominations," she has striven, co-ope. \ting with
the Reverend Jjr. Milligaii, the able and zealous superintendent of
Methodist Day Schools, to provide educational advantages for her rising

METHODIST CIlUKCir IN NEWFOUNDLAND.

youth, aud her efforts have been successful, as is evident from the
tblK)\vin<,' figures taken from the last report of the svfj)erintendeiit : —
Number of day schools, one hundred and forty-three; of teachers, one
hundred and forty; of scholars, nine thousand one hundred an<l tliirty-
one. These tigures do not include the teachers and students in the
College and the Carlionear Gramiuar School.

The erection of the new College buildings, replacing those destroyed
in the great fire of LS92, is indicative of her high purpose to furnish the
means for the superior and liberal education of the youth of the denomi-
nation, and others who may be wishful to avail the <'lves of the same.
These buildings, comi)riaing College, Principal's Resin and Home for

the acconnnodiit'on of non-resident students, and costing when com-
plete upwards of 3"0)0f^f^) "I'c most i)leasantly situated in a central
Icjcalit}', accessible to every part oH the city, and spread out their
extensive fi-ontnge of two hundred and sixty feet, commanding the
beautiful outlook of the incomparable Narrows and South Side Hills.

METnOniST COI.I.KOK.

The College has spacious class-rooms, well lighted, well heated, well
ventilated, and sup|)lied with modern desks, seats, &c. Tliese are for
kindergarten and model schools of primary department, also for the
use of classes in the College proper, besides laboratory, library, gj'ni-
n;<sia, young men's institute, &c. A lecture-hall, with music-rooms and
grand organ, is also provided ; chemical and scientific apparatus, ami
other efpii])nieiits necessnry for a liberal education, are ai'ranged for.

Aletlioilism in llu; Island owes much to the libei'ality and zeal of iier
intelligent laymen, working liarmoniously with the ministry, aiding in
her councils, and in many instances making noble and generous contri-
butions to the various de])artnien's of her wtnk. A mjble bequest of

HOX C, K. AVU]-:.

??15,000 was nuKle by tl.o lat. Hon. 0. R Ayre, tW the en-ction of a.
orphanage m St. John's for tho Motho.list orphans of X.wroun.linn.l.
llans tor the same have been adopted, un.l ere
long the buildin- will rise, a nionnnient to his
thouglitful and loving care for the fatherless.

The nanie of Joseph Laurence, Esci, of E,ist
Keswick, Yorkshire, an Enolish Methudist lay-
man, deserves to be placed on r.'cord as a true
friend of Newfoundland. Ho took a deep in-
terest in the evangelizaticjii thereof, kept up u
long and intimate correspondence with tln'
officials of the Conference, which was "mai-ke.l
by a simplicity, a saiutliness, well nioh apostolic";
it was therefore most befitting that a part of
the service at his grave in Oct(jber, 1880, should
be conducted, as it was, by the ex-president of the
Newfoundland Conference, then visitinr. Engluid, to whom it was a
privilege to be able to pay the only tribute then possible to one who

II'JN. i: It. AVltB.

Hu 'S'. U. Parsons.

I
<

CUClIlUNli STUEliT METIloliISI CIIVIICII, SI. Jiill.s's,

4» aiETflODIST CIIUUCII IN NEWFOUND FANIX

for years liad liiid tlie prosperity of tlie Lord's work in Nowfoundljuid
enyiaveii upon liis very soul.

Mention may also here bo made of the name of John S, Peach,
anotlier zealous friend of Methodism, wlio spent more than fifty years
of ministerial toil on the Island, and <lied in 1891.

Methodism in 8t. John's is well represented liy \nn' four .spacious
churches, three mission halls, collo<je, day scIkjoIs, and present orphana^'e,
which will be replaced by the new one, to which reference has been
made. Outside the city liberal provision has been made to meet the
spiritual need of her fifty-three thousand adherents, scattered around
an extensive coast-lino.

APPENDIX TO CHAPTKR in.

Methodist Church in Newfoundland, 1894.

The following StiiligtloH show the present statiip

MctlioiliMt popiiliition, as pur

census of IHyl - - . 53 27(>

Number of Pistriets - . 4

Nniiiliei- of MiniMters - . (•„•(

Ninnlicr of Local I'reachers - Til

Niinilier of Clmrclu'B - - uni
Number of other Ueadiiin

I'laces . - . (ji)
Number of I'reacluDg Appoint-

""i''i<» 338

Number of Parsonages - - 40

Number of Church Members - l(i,«;i|

Number of Sunday Schools - I7(i
Number of Officers ami

Teachers - . . l,ll)|

Number of .Scholars - - 11,5,');)

Amount raised for AFissK.ns - 7,l!)5
Amount raised by Women's

Missionary Society - - ]88
Amount raised for ministerial

support - - - l!»,rt5!)

Value of Churches - - . 25().()(M)

Value of Parsonages - - loo.ooo

Uev. Ooorgo P. Story, rimiilciit of

CoiiJ'n-fiicr.
Kev. A. 1>. Morton, M.A., Sixrtlanj.

1. St. .Toiin's Distuk t.

SI. John's C,iitii:-l{ti\: A. D. Mor-
ton, M.A.

St. John's W,st—]{cvs. U. v. Cowper-
th\vaito,M.A.,.r..I. Itlythe ; .lames Dove. D.l).
^../ifrnn-u'idri/ i (ieo. S. Milligiui, iJ,,l).,
Siqwritilondvut of Kduailion liy pcnni.i.'^ion
if i 'iiiifcrnirr.

S(. .r„hn\s- Ea.if—V.i'v: ,Tohn I'ralt.

Pouch Coir— Rev. H. (". Hatcher, Jl.D.

Topsiiil — Itev. .lohn Kcay.

nrii/its-Uvy. W. T. I). Dunn.

Cupids — Itevs. Solomon Mattliews, T. E.
Koberts.

Hdi/ Uohvrli' (iiid Spunittrd.i /j'l/y— Itev.
Fred. O'. Willey.

Whithoiinie — Rev. Geo. P. Story,
Guardian of Home, President of (^)nference."

Chupcl Arm — Supply under Itev. Geo.
P. Siory.

Sound Island — ]{ev. W. P. Ambrose.

Mowers ('ore — An Agent,

St. Anthony — Uev. Herbert Clegg.

Hcd Iiaij—\{{}v. Arthur Antlo,

JInmilton Inlet— }li-v. Frank S. IloUett.

Chairman — Kev. George P. Story
I'inamial Srrretari/ — Uev. A. D.
Morton,

of tho denomination in the Islnn.i.

2. Cauiionk.au liisriiKT.

Cirhoiwar-Hw. .Imnes Nurse, Uev. F
U. Drake s Kdgar Taylor, Snpanrmeran,.
Jlorhoar Grare- U.v. \V,„. Swann.'
/■nv/i»vi/,T— l!cv. Antlionv Hill
yy/,„,./,/,,.,„/-l!ev. If. W. I'VcMnaii.
M r.^lrrn /la,/ -Uev. \Vm, Kcn.liill

/wT ',/•"/"'"' ^ '""<■• -''••■V. U'm. l{,Tratt.
Old I er/,ra,i~Hry. Sa:nt„ 1 Snowden.
J/ants lfarho„r-~\U-x. .lanus Wilson.
Jlrarts CV.HfcH/ -Uev. .lames Pincock
(.rem .s J/arlmnr-lU.v. Wm.,J. U.nHett.
.N/io,// n<iri,o„r~\{vM. .lolin Pye
Norllurn /.i^/U-lU-v. ItnmnvelflVck.
Ilrihinnui (,W'e--Uev. H. K. |Vek.
Chairman— \U'\. Wni. Swann.

Vinamial Secretary ~ ]W-v. Wrn
Kendall.

3. BONAVISIA DisruKT.
Ilon„risla-.n,v. Thos. W. Atkinson.
liird Island Core~.\U■^,. Kdwin Mooro.
(alaliHU—Mev. M. Fenwick.
7V/»////— Uev. George G. Fnizer.
jy"''Vrarc Toien- -Uev. Wni. H. Doldiou.
(.lorer lo,rn~\\^-v. Wm, .1. I.uscuube.
(treenspond—\{^y, ( 'Imrles Lench
]rc.s/.7//;7/c-l!ev. M\ Harris.
Mus.jruve llarhour—May. Albert A.
Jlolnies.

Indian Islands and Srldom-Come-Bu-~
Uev. (icorge St(inev.

y-'w/o— Uev. Wni. W. V/1'.eately.
Herri ny A'.r^-Uev. Akrovd Stoney.

7'«v//n»/"/c_]!ev.Jal)ez Hill and Thos.
W. Hiiiw I,

Morefon's Hiirli(,nr~Vn'\-. I. ,T. Uiissell.

E.rploits — Itev. Henry Scott.

Laiireneelon and ll'nrnl Hay—Rov. W.
W. Edniondson.

Liltle Hay Island and I'illn/'s Island—
Uevs. Win. J. Hufchcsoii and Kdgar Jones.

Lilfle llay—Uvy. Wm. H. Uiowiiing.

Nipper's llarlmiir and Tilt tbfc-Ucvs.
Selby .letfeisoi.' and .\. !•;. Uowson.

White Z/rt.y— Supply.

Chairman— TIgv. Jabcz Hill.
Financial Secretary— Hay. George C.
Fra/.er.

4. BtriiN DisTKicr.
7?»r//( — Uev. Thomas 11. .raiiies.
.S>"(.H 0»r— Itev. Charles House.
Flat Island— Raw Charles Siiuires.
.SV. /Vcrrc— One wanted.
Fortune — Uev. George Paine.

-18 MKI'IIODIST ClIUllC'lI IIn NKWFOIINDLAND.

4. nimiN DiHTKiOT— ro«/. Slittli^iits permiltvd In iiUiml Mount Alli»on

(!mn,( /;a«/(-llcv. Lov. C.irtiH. U.A. CMoj,; Sachrill.:

darnUh, Fortune Uay-M^v. CliailcM 11. .1. Ii>;lo.. I •^"''■\'''- /:'*[''• ,

»■ A * . .lumen K Kc-llv. ,1, .1. Durriint.

„ ,., „ ,? ,, Willuim I'iitMisoii.

Petites — Kov. Kiiftene I'Drsey.

Chann,l-Ui'v. ,Tolm T. Nt'wm.in. Toronto University.

St. Geonyx lU,,, and Ihii, of Islmuh— Willmiu Socley.

llevs. TtuiH. li. Diirliy, U.A., \i. M. liii'klt". Boston School of Theology.

Bonne Jiay—liuv. George K. Ileal. A. C. Skinner.

French Shore— An Agent. ^^.y j,,^^, IIcvfliM "1 An^ lift without ap-

C7i«i;/mi«—llev. Tims. II. .Tames. „ .loliii C. Sitiuey I iMiiiitiiieiits I'nr one

Fin.im-iat Secretary - Rev. .loim T. „ M- Hooper f year at ti.eir own

Newnuiu. ,, Win. Uex J re.iuest.

4'J

ClIAPTKR IV.

THE CONGnEaATfOXAL AXD PnESnVTERTAX VIIURCJIFS
AXD THE SAEVATIOX ARMY.

The Conoreoational Cuuunr iv NMVFouNnrANr..

Tho sumll body of Christians in NewlVmn.llan.l n<nv ofTuMallv
c c.s,,.natc.l as " The Con,av,,ational Chuvcl. " is ono of tl>o o ' t
d.,s.senhn,^ boa.cs in tbo Colony- ; though ita nun.bcs have always bcc !
very hnuted ,t has had considerable influence and has over been
dKst,ngu..shcd for tlic learning and ability of its ministers. It is stated
"! " Conffiyat.onal Hand Uook that .n Queen Elizabeth's time some
of the Ln-l.sh separatists (Independents) were banished to Newfound-
Jan.l : thus )s inherently probable; our Island was then the best known
and most accessible pottion of America. In the small scattered .cttlc-
n.er.ts then existing about St. John's and Conception, these victims of
Elizabeths ecclesiastical tyranny could easily hide themselves awav
The separatists were the extreme branch of the Puritans who hul
broken away from tho Church and tho Hierarchy

Guy's colonists and their zealous Puritan pastor, Erasmus Stourton
would join with these exiles, and in this manner a small independent
body may have been formed, and their numbers would bo increased
during the reign of Charles I. In IG45 we have certain proof of their
existence; George Downing, the first graduate of Ibirvard, Cambrido-e
Mjiss., on his v^;it to Newfoun.lhmd, received an invitation from i\-l
Newfoundh.nd Independent Church to become their pastor, and a
similar otier was made to the Rev. Richard Bliuman, an English divine
who visited Newfoun-lland in IGGO. Probably owing to the want of
organisation, this body as a separate denomimition dietl out, and we 1 ear
no more of Congregationalism until 1775, when the present church was
established by an artillery sergeant, John Jones, a Welshman.

From the old records of the church still preserved in St. John's wo
gather many particulars about this God-fearing old soldier-how first
the little congregation met together every Sunday in the Court House.'
Nathan Parker, a New Eiiglander, one of the founders of the present
house of Job Brothers, soon became au ekhsr; afterwards Wallis Lan<r, a
carpenter and builder, also became an older. In the spring of 17777in
twenty-eigiit days, under the skilful management of Wallis Lang, a small

/ p 2729. y

rf) . THE CONCniEGATIONAL ClirUCII.

WMmg was put up. Governor Moutaf-uc tried to stop 'l''-'', P'^S™'
and ordered Jol.n Joue» to I'laeentb, l.ut, ."ay» the 'If""*" '' "''^;;''
« The Lord put his Look in his noso and turned hnn tack by the i»ay
" ho camo, so that ho did then, no hann. hot K"< »;"»"":"'"
" made then, fast and pray. . . . And the Wd wa.s pleased to U.s,

.. and increase then,." Soon after tl,l» Mr Jo„,s was "j; |" ' ^ '»
England. The littlo cl,ureh strengtl,oued and ,ne,ea»od, ""'»■■ '■'"''^K
tl,o opposition „r tl,o Uev. Edward Lan«,ua„, a ,uai!,st,-,ao "-' "I -'P;^^
n,i„i"r, even tl,o st,on«er opposition of Governor l^^^v-d d,d,,o
Slav their pi-o'-ress. All ,est,-aint.s were ,-o„,«vc.l under the t'tn^l
Adn,i Can,;»ll in H81.' In 1781. the Meeting House (--'"« J
i 1892 a, the old To.npcranco Hall, was ha, t. Much o 1« wo k
was voluntary hibou,-. The articles aro s,g„ed and .scaled hy John
Jones, llcury Phillips, the High Shc-llT, Nathan Parker, Walhs Lang,
Josepli Lowman, Eilward freeman, Jan,os Barnes.

At this period in Newfoundland histo,-y every event was inaugurated

with Zus libations of wines ,u,d spirit, ; the wu,.hip of Baecl,u.s u.»

",^ vol we avo „ot su,pr;sod the.eforo to lea,n tl,at the foundat.ons

"f . od To...re.anccHall were laid with tl,o „ceoa„an,meat o. .

olarter cask of nne, " Orde,e.l by the eo.un.ittee to be pu,-cl,ase.l

a^dt t n eare of M,-. Lang." Wo can picture to ourse ves the scene

vXcn the cask was sa,„p!ed and Frecaan and l!an,es Parke,- ane La, g.

1 Phillips and the jolly old P.uson Jones, duly ,no„tcned ho foun.la-

i"„ of the new chapel. They had no fantastic not.ons ol ten.pcan

n those iovial days wine was „,ado to gladden the herrt of „,an, ad

: S'Vous occasions it was considc,,,! the correct thing to ge decently

nou.d, , yself to renlcnUr the ti.no when a visit fro.n the c e,.gy,nan
Zl;. u,eant an order to ,ny n.othcr to get out a second bottle „t or t
I, rcadiu" over roeo.ds of boll, the Anglican and Congregafo ,,d ho hes
w „," suuck with the n,can subsc.iption, to the chu,-el,es thc^palt,y
; tancos to the n,inist... Poor old Jones, like Lang,.,an « the Engl
Cl,u,cl, had to go ,«,nd like a beggar, wlnlst at least two o ,s
,!,;;«t:..n wore ve,y ,ich an,l could have paid the whole co,t of the
M Hi ;^ House witho,^ feeling it ; Hen,y Phillips had ,. la, go ,nc„„.o as
S I- Pickin..s, and a line business as a .ucchant; old Pa.ke,- n.a.le a

ort, ne out of the Newfoundkn.l trade, a„.l had a la.ge ,nc„,„e a lor he
!e , rd f°v„ the n.anMraetn,e of peppcanint. The Cong,-..gat,ona Church

^ iw!; bee; noted for its line cUlr In the old ,c|'";^'' ""■"'";
glu;,y is ably Hllod hy C. Winton, Mr. Ihace, and old Mr. Mentafonl

» .SVf "llihtorj- of Ncwfouiidlnnd," Pl' '•">'- '•^^^-

REV. JOHN JONES.
In Mai oil IHOO Jolm Jonc« fho fnWl.f»i ,^- • i

Rev. Jamc, fealano ; tl,o liev. ]).u,i.| Spencer VVar,l wa/anothor well-

iii«ti.m.i"«inf((«»HH((|nr«i^l{(||(,,r,i,„i|ihi.' .-.. -

NKW COSOUEOATIOSAL CnURClr,

kn.nv.i an.l influontinl dero^^inan, liis pastorate the longest, ami his
social mlluence the most powei ful in augmenting the body which in his
days embraced a large number of leading families in St Johns
Mi-s. V/ard was the founder of the St. John's Dorcas Society, an.l its
fn-.st president. The three ministers in succession, Evans, Schofield, and
Pedley, were all admiiabl.; proaeh(;rs, an.l very able men. Hall, Beiiton
an.l latt.M-ly Ho.lgkinson, maintain.".! the V \ reputation' of the
Indepen.lent ministers in St. J.)lurs, which has en fully sustained by

TirK rilESliYTEKIAN CllUllCII.

the present pjwior, the Rev. G. Ward Siildall. In preparing this .shurt
paix^r I have been ^rreatly assifsted hy Mrs. Sidchill'.s paMi])hlet, " The
Origin of Noncorromiity in St. John's, Newfoundhind."

I'ABTOnS OF

Jlev. .loliii Joiios
Itev. Riitton Morris •
llev. John llill^aid -
]{ov. Ediiiund Violet -
IJev. Jolin Sanderson
Ituv. Wni. Jones Iljde
l{ev. James Sabino -
liev. Thomas Smi-U -
Kev. Dauiel Speucer Ward

THE CoN(iUi;GATU)NAL CntUClI IN St. J(.'HN'8.

1775-1800

Ikv

D. D. Evans

1801-1805

Kcv

Oeoi-fje Schofield

1805-1807

Jtcv.

Charles I'edley

1807-1810

Kev.

John Maize

1811-1812

Kev.

James Howell -

18l;i-181C

Rev.

Thomas Hall

1816-1818

Kev.

David Ueaton -

1 820-1 82:{

Kev.

T. Uodgkinson

1824-1813

1844-
184!)-
1857-
1864-
1866-
1868-
1881-
1886-

-1848
-1857
■1864
•1865
■1867
-1880
•1886
-18U1

The Pkesisyteuian Ciiukcii.

By Rev. Wm. Gkaham and others.

Tlie Presh'/terian church in St. Jolui's was first oi'iranised in 1812.
On the ily-Ieuf of tlie register, in most beautiful characters, these
words ai'e writU'n : —

" Eeguu on tL>; Fourteenth day of Angust, in the year of our Lord One
thouBand cig>it liur.drod and forty-two, by the Eev. Donald Allan Frascr, IMiiiister
of the Established Church of Scotland."

It was not, liowever, until the 3rd of December of the following
year that St. Andrew's Church, which stood on the site recently
occupied by the Masonic Temple, was opened for public worship. Two
yearti later (in 184;)), the labmrs of the first Piesbytorian minister —
the writer of the above extract, Mr. Fraser — were cut short by
death.

The Rev. Donald Allan Fraser, the first minister of St. Andrew's
Church, was a very able uvni, a fine speaker, and the best Gaelic scholar
in North America. A highlander himself, a native of Torosay, he liad
a warm heart for his fellow highlanders and islanders ; he made loiij.;
toilsome journej's from Nova Scotia to Cape Breton to minister to these
poor outcasts from all religious instruction. The Rev. D. A. Fraser w.is
tlie father of a numerous family of eleven sons and one daughter: at the
])resent time the be.-.t-kn()wn member of the family is J. O. Fraser,
C.M.G., our genial Postmaster-General.

The following admirable account of Mr. 1^'ra^er has been furnished
to me by a member of the Presbyterian Church in Newfoundland.

" llev. Donald Allan Fra.scr, A.M., who was the first I'resbyterian miiiisiir
settler in Newfoundland, was born at Torosay, in the fslniul of Mnll, Scotliiml,
on the U4th of November 17!);{, and was ordained by the I'rcsbyt'.ry of Abill ciii
the 22ud of September 1814. Uji the iJOth October in the same year ho murriud

THE PllESBYTEllIAN CIIUKCH. 53

Catherino Maclca.,, daughlor of tho Laird of Coll ; and in 1818 he wa, H.nt by tho
Church of Scotland as a nmn.onary to Piotou County, ^vbero ho nnnistoml to
a highland population and their dcscon.lants, prcachiu,, in Gaelic and English
every Sabbaoh. One of h.s elders, writing of Mr. K'ra.er after his death, said
No raunster since his day has gained the aflcetions of his people as he did noi^
IS It ikely that any will.' Mr. and Mrs. Eraser may be said to have lived in Z
hearts of his lughland iH,ople.- Being largely influenced by a missionary spirit
ho accepted a call to form a congregation at St. John's Newfoundland which
call was dated August 1842. The Scotch population at St. John's at that time
was not large, but they possessed considerable wealth. A very haulsome church
was erected on a prominent site in the city, which was opened for public worship
on tho 3rd of December 1813, the text on the occasion being Gal iv IH— ' But
it is good to be zealously allected always in a good thiug.' The' event was
attended by the Governor of the Colony, Sir John Harvey, and su'to, by tho heads
ot Departments, and by an overflowiug congregation.

'< Mr. Eraser was a scholar of masterly attainments, a captivnlin- speaker
and an argumentative roasoncr. His mind was richly stored with iraa.'ery'
and being, ordinarily, an extemporaneous preacher, his oloriuence frequently
reached sublime heights. He was, too, of commanding presence, standing six feet
two inches. lu tho midst of his usefalness, and in tlio flower of his nuiuhooa he
was cut down, and died of cancer on the 7th of February 1815, in the 5lst y.a'r of
liisageand the 31st of his ministry. His widow and only daughter and six of
his ten sons have followed the father, only four sons being now alive."

His succossoi-H were Rev. Arch. Sinclair, Rev. Francis Nicol, Rev.
]3onald McRae, now the esteemed pastor of 8t. David's, St. Joliii, N.Ji.
and Rev. J. Dykes Patterson, wlio (Vm\ tlie other year in Anstralia.
The hist named was pastor of the church wlien it was destroyed by
fire in 187U.

In the nieantinie, the wave of trouble which swept over the parent
church in Scotland, and which ivnt that church in two, in the year 1843
toucheil St. John's, and Free St. Andrew's wa»s erected in 1850, on
])uckworth Street, near the Conimercial Bank. In 1852 the Rev.
Moses Harvey received an<l accepted a unanimous call to this cliurch
and continued a most faitliful and acceptable ministry till 187(), when
it too fell, destroyed likewise by the devouring Haines. In 1877 a
union of the two congregations was effected, and on the 18th day
of June 1878 the corner-stone of St. Andrew's Church was laid, the
Rev. ])i'. Muir, of. Edinburgh, and the Rev. Mo.sos Harvey beiiiif the
ofticiatiiig niinisteriS. In the same year the Rev. L. G. Macnelll accepted
a call to become minister of the united congregation.

Thirteen year.-} ago, on the 30th November 1879, St. Andrew's
('liui'ch, recently destroyed too, like its predecessor.s, by lire, was
dedicated to the worship of Almighty God. The Rev. L. G. j\[acneill,
{)astor of the church, conducted the morning service, and preached an
impressive sermon from the text, " The glory of this latter house shall
" be greater t!)an the former, saith the Lord of Hosts." The Rev. Jub

THE PRP]SnYTEBIAN CIIURCir.

Slienton, of tlie Motliodist church, occupied tlic pulpit in the eveniiic^.
At oacli service the church was crowded to its utmost capacity, and
collections for the day amounted to fjfdW.

The edifice thus dedicated to the worship of God was a substantial
and ornamental structure of brick, faced with white free-stone from the
quarries of Scotland. It was capable of sotting 700 worshippers. A
tower, with lofty and graceful spire, rose en the western end of the

ST. AXDKHW'd PRKSBVTKHHN C'llFJRCIT, ST. John's.

building. The main entrance was on the saivui side, through a
handsome porch, over which was cut in the stone-wcrk, in bold relief,
'•ThG Burning Bush "—the emblem of the Church of Scotland.
Although all was plain anil chaste about the end)lem, yet the appear-
ance of the interior was peculiarly pleasing and impressive. The first
object which attracted attention on entering was the desk and platlbrui,
occupying the place where, in f(jrmer days, a pulpit would have stood.
The first was of polished walnut, richly carved, massive, graceful, and
in the centre approximated to tlie confonnation of a pulpit. It was the
work of Mr. Bichard CJoff and son. A massive pillar at each end

THE PIIESBYTEIIIAN CIIURCir.

supported a tall ..asalier, l.aving five branches gracefullv prop .rti, n.l
The centre gasalior was also of l)f.Mnfif„w w, , ' Piop-'itumed,

and lightoi the huil,li„g , ^^1^ A ' Z!' , '" '"* ^>-'»-^"™>»"i|'.

i.av,,,, a coiling u fcot ,,i,„. Ti,„ vo.ry o,.,,:; 2.: w !, rr""'

Iho coHt of the church -^as «40 000 Tl.o m.. . J'i«tinent.

the fine „eli 8500. I,.e.u„i,„. uJ'lu^^^Z Z:^' T^'
org„ and piano, n.i«i„u „.„rk „n l,a„d, |.ow fi lu.rs" Tf ^V" i
libmry, nnnl.,to,.'» gown, pnlpit ,«,,,. ,,, t,, S,"' 1?

lo.,»by tho flro oxcccdod .?.5O,O00. In addition ..m ."'

..uiiding, known a, •■Ti.o Ton.pio," and :TZ,:XZ'Z:'Z::!,
p,opc,ty, woro oons„n,ed l,y tho ,lan,„:,. It ,„,; also Ik.- n,,
that tno valuaUo connunn.ou plate wa, lil«wi» lost. Indeed „ '
was saved. The rapid advance of the fire preclnd.d ..ll 1h . *"
that the doors of tho church were never opene T , C, n:^; d ', '^i
$4,000, and St. An,Irew', school-roon,, at §1,000, were a^'de ^Itf
naking a total lo.s.s ot church pr,)porty of over ?53 000

In ISCO the Kev. L. U. Macneill resigned, "having received and
accepted a call ft.™ St. AndreWs, St. John, N.„. In°the ,fow !
year the Rev. W. Orahan,, of Kdinhurgh, received and aeoeptcl a c ll
to St. A,idreW8, and was oidalncd and inductal to that char -e on II,.
=th May, tl,e Rev D. McRae, of St. Join,, N.B., and I" R M
flarvey beuig the ofhciatin;' iiiiiiiHtcrs. '

In 1855 a^ Presbyterian church was opened in Harbour Gnioe
There arc also Presbyterian churcho.s and nussions at Little Iky Min;;
and J^ay ol Islands. -^

The Prosl,yterians arc a very infiuential body, though s,na1l in
mnnber; by the census ol l,S74 they un.ountid to 1,1GS bv the las^
census, of 1S91, to 1,449. ^ ^'^"

'I'lIK S.VLVATIOX AlJMY.

In the year 188(i the first service of tho Salvation Army was held
in St. John's, in Uarter's field. There was a disturbance, and some
assaults on the women who began the " New Religion." Tlie church
nov^ numbers fourteen hundred members. It has eighty-five officerd
and about two hundred local ofticeivs (deacons), who assist in various
duties. There are thirty stations, divided into five corps, from Tilt
Cove to Channel. In May 1891 the Honble E. P. Morris introduced

•'J'' Til [<] SALVATION ARMY.

and passed a Bill axithorisiiig staff officers of the Society to celebrate
inairiage. The staff officers are also district registrars and ^M-ant
certificates of death. In 1S91 the Army was allowed a grant of .<? 1,400
for educational purposes, in accordance with their numbers as shown in
the last census.

There has been lately formed a Refuge Home in St. John's, and the
organisation has now a missicjnary vessel. The visits of Commandant
Booth and of General Booth in September 1894 were made the occasions
of great demonstrations.

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