742 
 
 INDEX. 
 
 Wnrde, R., 4, 13. 
 Wurreii. Admiral, 28!). 
 
 of Reiinio, Stiinit, & Co., 367, 
 Bros., 460. 
 
 J. H., *!(). «)!>. MIS, 664, 066, 
 M. H. lectuif,,341. 
 V,'.. 4()0, 
 Wtitcnniin, R., ;ini. 
 Watson, .V(liiiiriil.-:8l. 
 J. H.. Ol.'). tlUi, (>(i.1, 
 Wny, Kli/,iil)ot1i, 427, 
 WciitlicrlKic, Mr., .TOS, 
 AVcbh, (iovenior, 285, ,30-J, 507, 
 ■\V()l)l)cr, — , 2'J4. 
 
 D, C, 665, 
 Wclc'li, Cafit, jr., at Boston, 284, 
 
 2!t!). 
 Welsh colonists, 113. 
 M., 375. 
 W., ;{75, .'iSl. 
 Weseott, Attonicv-Oeiicral, 411, 
 West and RcnUoll, r,->7. 
 West Coast, French ships on, 3i>l. 
 no French on the, 576. 
 map of, S.W. 
 Western ships' rootn, 409. 
 Weston, Mr. 334, 
 1'., 305. 
 
 trcasnrcr, 133. 
 W„ 28H, 301, 
 Capt., nu. 
 Wlinlo fishery in Fortune Bay, 298. 
 AVhah'rs from Cape (,*od, iW. 
 Whalinir, 20, (iO, 63, ,327. 
 l),v Basfiues, 4't, rm. 
 picture of, 80. 
 Wilder, Cnpt,, account of Placen- 
 
 tia, 183, 
 Whetstone, Admiral, 237, 
 AVliitbourne. Sir R.,in I^ewfound- 
 land in l.WS, 01. 
 account of, 70. 
 at Vau>rhan's colony. 111, 
 narrative, 116, 
 
 Whithourno— co»<. 
 
 jwtitlon for employment, 118. 
 commission, 207. 
 Junction, 61.S, 
 railway to, 623. 
 White. Capt. Hon. E., 227, 330, 
 33!l. , 341, ,3,W, 402,66.5, 
 1', !>., 665, , 
 W'hite Bay, 247, 278, S»7. 
 
 seals in. 4!i2. 
 White J^car Bay, Newfoundland, 
 42. 
 Harbour, 610, 
 White, (^handler, 6,37, (»8, 
 White Hill plai'is, 62!l. 
 AVhite Island, 27S. 
 Whitely, A\'. H.. 016, mr,. 
 
 nmm, view jof, 608, 
 \> hiteway. Sir W. V., 428, 405,501, 
 502, 500, ,508, 514, 621), 550, 614, 
 61,5. 
 advocates construction of 
 railway by local jtovern- 
 nient. 623, 
 portrait of, 500, 
 WhittiiiKton, Capt., 64, 
 Whittle, Mr. 520. 
 Widdicomb, .1., 375. 
 Widdoinas, G., of Berry Pomeroy, 
 
 157, 
 William "ommodore, 182, 211. 
 (ieoi , 375, 6,52, 653. 
 firillii.i, 206, 427, 652, 663. 
 John, ,38", 
 nurse, 6 ,i. 
 T.,,301,3S2, 654, 655, 
 Harbour, 617. 
 title, 337. 
 V. Thompson. 654 
 Willis, Knsijtn, ,382, (i56, 
 
 A., of Boston, 407. 
 Wil'outthbee, Sir P., 137. 
 AVilson & Co., 4ti0, 
 - -. 617. 
 
 Winchen, Mr., 268. 
 AVinsor, P., 438, 465, 468, OM, 
 Winser Harbour, 610, 617, 
 Winsor, 017, 
 
 AVinter (Perkins and), 410. 
 Dr, J„ 4«8, 684, 
 Sir I. S„ ■VJ\ 529, 532, 660, ti63, 
 
 66.5, 
 port? ait of, 531. 
 AViiithrop, Oovernor, 152. 
 AVintou, F., (KB, 
 K., 428,411. 
 attack on,l36, 4,'W. 
 AVithers (Ryan &),441, 
 AVithss Bay, 271, 
 Wolfcnbiittel map, inscription 
 
 on, about Labrador, 500. 
 Wollaston, Capt., 103. 
 AVood (Clift fe Co.), 527. 
 AVood, F, A, 614. 
 J. B. 455, 666. 
 Samuel, 174. 
 VV. ()., (105. 
 AVoodford. AV. J,, 665. 
 Woods. H. J. B., 5i!), 665, 
 J, & Sons, 626. 
 S., .527, 
 
 J. & Sons, 527, 
 AVright, Nathan, 149. 
 AVrixoi), .\my and AVilliani, 155. 
 AVyatt, F. J., 665, 
 Wyng, Wm„ 280. 
 
 Yore, Father, .304. 
 Young, at Calais Roads, in the 
 lire ships, 82. 
 
 A., 345. 
 
 J., 171. 
 
 Zealot, fishing at, 876. 
 Zoar, 595, 618, 
 
A HISroKV OF ^ 
 
 The Churches in Newfoundland 
 
 BY VARIOUS WEITEKS 
 
 A SdUPLEMEX^i' TO 
 
 A HusTouY OF IVewfoundland 
 
 l''HOM TllK 
 
 JEufllisb, Colonial, an& jforekiii 1Rccor5s 
 
 J). W. UROWSE, Q.C. 
 
 Jmhic of the CrnfmJ District Oniirf of XnifauniUmw 
 
 With a Pukfatouv Notk in K DM UNI) GOSSE 
 
 IVITIi TniRTY-roUli FULL VLATJi COLLOTYPHS; oVEIt TJIUKK lIUNimmi TEXT 
 ILLUSTRATIONS. AND NUMKHOUS MAI'S 
 
 MAOMILLAN AND CO. 
 
 AND NEW YORK 
 
 1,SJ)5 
 
f^l 
 
CHAPTER I. 
 
 THE CHURCH OF ENGLAND IN NEWFOUNDLAND. 
 
 % Rev. W. Pilot, D.1)., 
 
 ,. /l . - '^"'^"''"''■'"''■"t of (Church of Enghnul N,ho.,U. 
 
 The history of the Churcli of En<.lun,l in Newfoun.llan.l n,ay ho said 
 to,httot™mthefir,statt.n.ptto colonize the Ishtn.l hy Sir Hun,ph..y 
 G.lWt m 158.3 when hy authority of Queen Ehzaheth he onlained 
 that the laws and policy of the Island should not he ■' a-^ainst the true 
 Christian faith or relioi„n now ].rofessed in the Church of En^dand " 
 ..his attempt at colonization failed, and it was not till Ifill that tlie first 
 cler^^yinan landed on these shores. Ti.is was the Rev. Erasmus Stourton 
 who came out with John Guy on his second visit to the island. His head- 
 (luarters were at Cupids and his mission extended around Conception 
 Bay, and from Cape St. Francis to Ferryland. He left this country in 
 l()2cS, and became chaplain to the Earl of Albemarle. 
 
 Just before the period of D'Iberville's invasion, 16.00-97, a petition 
 
 was presented to the Home Government by the Newfoundland settler.s, 
 
 praying, " that a sufficient number of ministers should be sent to the 
 
 "principal harbours, and that they might be paid from England." 
 
 There had been many earnest appeals to the same effect without^ avail. 
 
 In 1G97. when the Government of William III. were endeavourinir to 
 
 repair the terrible injuries intlicted on the Colony by the French" an 
 
 order was made that the men-of-war should carry chaplains. The 
 
 Kev. Mr. Jackson was one of these chaplains, with the consent of the 
 
 Bishop of London in KiU!) ; he remained on the island, accepting from 
 
 the inhabitants a guarantee of 50/. a year for three years. A 
 
 small yet handsome church was soon built within the precincts of the 
 
 newly erected Fort William. The population of St. John's at that 
 
 time was about eight hundred. In 1701 Mr. Jackson was taken on 
 
 the list of the " Society for Promoting Christian Knowled<.'«i," and in 
 
 1703 was accepted aa t!ie first missionary of the " Society for the 
 
 Propagation of the Gospel in Foreign Parts" in Newfoundlaud,' 
 
 In April 170.3 the Society took into foiiiidliind, who liml gone upon a mission into 
 consideration the deplorahle condition of tluwe parts witli a wife and eight cliildren." 
 Mr. Jackson, " a painful minister in New- In 1705, when Mr. Jackson was recnlied by 
 
 / p. 2729. . 
 
2 ClllJUCII OF ENGLAND IN NEWFOUNDLAND. 
 
 Tho attacks inado on the new minister l)y the notorious Major Lh>y(l 
 are fully set out in the former part of this history. The Rev. John 
 Jackson, though a very poor man, burthened with a family of eif(ht 
 almost helpless children, showed himself both a God-fearin<j missionary 
 and a bold opponent of immorality and corruption iti high places. The 
 needs of his fau)ily, the poverty of the living, fii'ally drove him from his 
 post; it is satisfactory, hov/ever, to know that aftfr his trials in 
 Nevvfoimdland he was finally presented to an English living by Queen 
 Anne in 1709. The small garrison church was in existence, so wo 
 find from the records, in 1708 ; it gradually fell into decay ; 
 subse(puntly, in 1720, a larger W(X)den church was built near the site 
 ol! the present cathedral ;' by 1759 this also had fallen into decay, and 
 in this year, as described,^ a new and finer edifice was erected by tlie 
 determined ett'ort of Governor Richard Edwards. 
 
 The successor to Jackson was the Rev. Jacob Rice, appointed by the 
 Bishop of London. Our information aV)Out his ministry is very meagre ; 
 like his predeccs&or he was very much distressed through want of 
 means. In 1730 Mr. Fordyce succeeded Mr. Rice ; he was sent out by 
 the Society on the faith of a promise from the inhabitants of St. John's 
 to provide him with a small annual stipend and an allowance of a 
 quintal of merchantable fish from every shallop ; of the salary only 
 three-fourths of the promised amount was paid, another fourth was soon 
 lost through the death and removal of some of the suhscribers, and the 
 promised quintal of fish was either refused or paid in the worthless 
 quality of dried cod, known in this Colony as " Madeira." About three 
 yeais after his arrival everything in the shape of payment was withheld, 
 until he erected a gallery in the ciiurch, costing thirty guineas, at his 
 own personal expense. After manfully discharging his onerous duties fir 
 live years under circumstances of unparalleled difficulty he was at last 
 compelled in 173G to retin-n to England from sheer inability to procure a 
 subsistence lor his family. Whilst the inhabitants of St. John's treated 
 
 the ....hop of Tiondon, he wns wrcpkcd on in 1720. The Uev. Tlininas V.'aniank, chaplniii 
 
 tlie voynije honic, ami lost all his ctt'c'cls. In of II.M.iS. Siilhvrlitiid, wlillsl at St. .lohn's in 
 
 170'J, in rep<)rtin/.t on his case, the Coiiiiiiittt'e 1742, mentions that he " niiiiistcivil for lour 
 
 of tho Society for t)ie I'ropa-iation of the months to a eon;! regal ion of StlD people, in a 
 
 (lospel "were of opinion that the said large ehiiieh built of firr and si)rn('e hy tin; 
 
 Mr. Jaekson is an object of the society's inhabitants, in the year 17'Jt>, the huililing 
 
 favor uiul compassion, that he, liaving been was well fiirnislied, and a poor fisherman of 
 
 in Her Majesty's rferviee, as well by sea as in Petty llinboiir had recmtly given the church 
 
 the plantations, and having thirein suffered a decent silver I'atten and tlhaliee with gold." 
 
 many unreasonable hardships, and being a New Kn^land was not satisfied with supplying 
 
 man of good deserts, he is worthy to he Newfoundland with cattle and grain, she also 
 
 recoinmeudcd to the favour of the Lord wished to supply us with her dissenting 
 
 Kciper." ministers. The West ('ountry men clung with 
 
 tenacity to the (;ld Church of Kngland, and 
 
 ' The first woodc^n church built on the site refused all religious aid from America, 
 
 of tbo prcBcut Anglicttu Cathedral ^yas eroded * At p. 21)5, 
 
REV. JOirN FOIIDYOK. 3 
 
 this most desorvinj^r minister witli such incrc.lil.le mnuu...sH, nftcr hin 
 departure they fonvanK, I to tl^c Society a j.ubli.; tt-sti.uouial thaL the 
 Rev. John tordyeo was a mo.st «mig(nit and faithful pastor. 
 
 Fordyce was presented with a ^t,n-atuity of iiOl. to pay his dol.ts, and 
 was appointed in IT:}!) to the swiety's mission at Prince Ficlerick, in 
 Soutli Carolina, where he died in 1751, fully nuiintainin- the same 
 character for ministerial activity and zeal which had m(,t with so ill a 
 re(iuital in Newfoundland. 
 
 In 1730 the mission of St. John's was given up for nine years, when 
 the inhahitants, haxing fully realized the loss they had .sustained 
 by their own nijrjrarJliness, in refusing to fulHl their stipulati^d agree- 
 ment to pay their clergyman, again petitioned tlu^ Society for a 
 missionary. This time tiicy alleged that they ha.l purchased a house 
 for the missionary, and bound themselves to an annual payment of 40/. 
 towards his maintenance. Trusting to these assurances, the Society, 
 unable to procure a missionary in England, consented to the removal of 
 the Rev. M Peaseley, M.A., who had been sent to carry forward tlie 
 work no successfully begun by Mr. Jones at Uonavista. J'tsaseley 
 remained in St. John's for seven years, discharging his duties diHgenlly. 
 In his letter, dated November 1745, he says his congregation, which was 
 larger on his arrival, continued to increase, insomuch that the church 
 could scarcely contain it. Besides attending to his own Hock in 
 St. John's, he was in the habit of making periodical visits by water 
 during the sunnner mouths to Petty Harbour. But Mr. Peaseley was 
 destined, like his predecessor, to experience the non-fulhlment of the 
 promises of his people, which made his longer residence among tiiem 
 impossible. His embarrassed condition led him to petition the Society 
 to be removed, which was done, and he was a})poiuted to St. Helena, 
 Beaufort, in South Carolina. 
 
 The next missionary of St. John's and tlie out-harbours, whicli 
 embraced the whole of the province of Avalon, was the Rev. Edwai-d 
 Langman, M.A., of Baliol College, Oxford, appointed at the re<piest of 
 the inhabitants, to whom he hiul been favourably known from a former 
 residence among them, and who were therefore well able to appreciate 
 the value of his services. On his return thitlier to take charge of his 
 cure in 1752, he reported that his congregation was numerous, and the 
 number of communicants thirty. Of one hundred families which, 
 exclusive of the garrison, formed the entire population of the town, forty 
 were of the communion of the Church of England, tifty-two Roman 
 Catholic, and eight Dissenters. 
 
 In l7o9 he undertook a missionary voyage to Placeutia, where he 
 remained ministering to a congregation of sixty or seventy liohermcu, 
 
 A 2 
 
4 CHURCH OP ENGLAN") IN NEWFOUNDLAND. 
 
 and performing the several offices of the church. During his visit ho 
 baptised fifty persons, some forty, some thirty, some twenty years of 
 age, and fifteen infants. And further, he stinuilated the people to repair 
 their church, which at this time had fallen into lecny. The next 
 summer he paid a similar missionary visit to the harbours of the 
 south-east. 
 
 Mr. Langman found in lleneuse twenty-five families, of which nine 
 were Protest; nts, and sixteen Irish Catholics, tlie whole population 
 amounting to one hundred and forty. In Fermeuse nearly the whole 
 population, amounting to one hundred, were Roman Catholic. In 
 Ferryland there were sixty-four Protestants and eighty-six Roman 
 Catholics. In this visit he baptised tliirty-eight children, and distributed 
 copies of the Bible, Book of Common Prayer, and Catechism. 
 
 At St. John's his ministry was marked with diligence, especially in 
 the work of catechisins.'; the children iu the face of tho congregation, 
 which he did every Wednesday and Friday, and during the season of 
 Lent, and freciuently reading one of the Homilies, with hich tho 
 people seemed well pleased, and were edified. In 1761 he extended his 
 missionary visits again along the southern sliore, and found in the liay 
 of Bulls forty-five families, of which thirty-seven were Roman Catholic 
 from Ireland, the remainder Protestant. Eleven families whom he 
 found living in Witless I'ay were almost all Irish. 
 
 Thus far Langman s ministry h.id proceeded without any sericMis 
 impediments, but in the year 1762 it was destined to receive a severe 
 shock. On St. John's Day the French landed at Bay of Bulls,' marched 
 their troops towards St. John's, which not being in a condition of defence, 
 si)eedily surrendered by capitulation ; the garrison were made prisoners, 
 and the French seized every kind of property within their reach. In 
 the general plunder, Mr. Langman was a sufferer to the extent of 130^., 
 and the losses sustained by the rest of the inhabitants now rendered it 
 more diflacuH for them to do all that they had promised towards his 
 maintenance. Still much that might have been done on his behalf 
 was left undone. The house pror^ised to him, as to liis predecessor, 
 Mr. Peasely, was never provided, and to eke out the needful substance 
 for himself and his family the only provision on which 3ie could reckon 
 was an allowance of 50/. a year from the Society. The offerings of tho 
 people were scanty, and niggardly gnen, anJ for the little gratuities lie 
 
 * In the nttuclt on Hav Bulls in 1790 by harbour, except Nowlan's. When the French 
 
 the French, they proceedt'd thnmj,'h the woods broke into ills hut. the unt'ortiiniite -.iiotlicr 
 
 half way to I'etty Harbour; diseouraf^ed by ran for her lite, but the sight of poor Nowlaii, 
 
 the diiheulties of tnivellinir, they returned with his infant twins on his knee.s, excited 
 
 and burned the An-ijlican and Konian Catholic sueh connniseration that the iuvudeis left him 
 
 churches in Bay Bulls, and every house iu the in peace. 
 
IIKV. E. LANllMA>f. 5 
 
 did receive, ho was compelled to go and ho- as a poor man would for 
 an alms. Notwithstanding these heavy drawbacks, Lani,nnan persevrcd 
 as a " faithful dispenser of the Word „f God" to discharge Ids lahorious 
 duties until his death in 1783. Ih ha-l been particularly zealous in 
 allaying reli,giou8 strife in St. John's, and could write with satisfaction 
 to its absence, and to the fact that sevcM-al families of Dissenters were in 
 the habit of joining in the public worship of tho church, and of receiving 
 the Holy Communion. I'he Reverend Edward Laiigman is one of the 
 most important figures in the early history of the Chui-ch of England in 
 the Island ; he resided continually in the Colony for about forty years ; 
 he was conspicuous for his culture, broad and liberal views, his upright 
 life and his earnest <levotion to his Master's work ; ho was the first minister 
 
 . to o&iupy the magisterial bench ; a man of strong and deci.led views, 
 he asserted his opinions with the vigour and force of an uncom- 
 pi-omising layman. He was truly the rector of the whole parish, and 
 seems to have been very well bked, both within and without his own 
 communion. Parson Langman was in his day nenrly as popular and 
 beloved as his more modern successor Archdeacon Bridge. The fodd 
 old clergyman died full of years in 1783, and was succeeded by the 
 Rev. Walter Price, curate of Dartmouth, Devon, who had been recom- 
 mended to the Society by the principal merchants and shipowners of 
 Dartmouth, then canying on an extensive trade in Newfoundland. 
 In the first year of his ministry we find that, besides the care of his own 
 parish of St. John's, wdiere he had already merited the regard and esteem 
 of his congregation, ho occasionally visited Petty Harbour, Bay Bulls, 
 and other surrounding settlements. He I'epresented to the Society in 
 striking terms the spiritual destituticm of the Island. " There are some 
 places," he says, " where there are many English settlers who have never 
 heard the word of God pi-eached among them for thirty years ps^st." His 
 congregation at St. John's was numerous and respectable, and gradually 
 increased, " many adoi'ning their profession by an exemplary life." In 
 his time the question of .a parsonage house for tlu; minister was at last 
 satisfactorily settled. Mr. Price mentions, with great respect and 
 gratitude, the kindness of Governor Elliott, who "has done rv^erything 
 in his power to carry out the pious designs of the Society," and by 
 his own good example and precept to promote the attendance on 
 public worship. Thi'oiigh the Governor's liberality and the subscriptions 
 
 f of the naval and military officers and general body of churchmeu a 
 
 suitable parsonage house was procured for the minister. In 1788, 
 
 Mr. Price opened a free school in his new residence, where he taught 
 
 ^ himself, and paid the .salary of an assistant ; he continued in the mission 
 
 for seven years, when the parent Society offered him the new mission of 
 
6 
 
 nrURCII OF ENGLAND IN NKWFOUNDLANI) 
 
 Niisliwalk, in Now BruriHwick. In 1700 Mr. IlarricH, who liiul boon 
 niinintiir at Plnccutia, whs traiiHt'erred to St. JoIim'h, at the jiarticuhir 
 request of the iiiiiahitaiits. Mr. Hariics renui'ncd as minister in the 
 capital from 1791 to 1810, wlicii he was succejrlcd by the venerated 
 Rev. David Rowland. On October 19th, LSOO, a now church was opone<l. 
 His Hucc('s.s()r was the Rev. ThnniaH Grantham, who hiid been the 
 first missionary at Burin. Tie remained in St. John's only one yenr. 
 In 1818, the Reverend Frederick Carritigton, missionary for many years 
 at Harbour Grace and a chief mii^istrate, l)ecame rector of St. John's ; 
 
 fome now living can renienibcr 
 his noble presence and the I'oll 
 of his fine sonorous voice in 
 I>rayer and praise. 
 
 In the year 1787 the See of 
 Novii Scotia was cf»nstituted, 
 and Newfoundland, which up 
 to thi-^ time had been nominally 
 under the cave of the Bishop of 
 London, was included in the 
 letters ])atent, but Bishop Tufflis 
 was never t)tice able to visit the 
 Island. It was not till twenty 
 yens lat'r that it received its 
 first Episcopal visit fioni Bishop 
 Stanscr, when five clei'gymcn 
 and seven schoolmasters formed 
 the mis.sionaiy , start". In 1822 the 
 Rev. John Leigh was ajipointod Episcopal Comiiiis.sary to Biihop Stanser, 
 and made a vi.!iitation of the whole of the Island' in 1822 and 182.S. 
 
 Dr. Stan.ser's successor, Bishop John Inglis, made his first visitjition 
 of Newfoundland in 1827 ; he was received with every mark c ." respect, 
 and amongst his earliest visitors was the Roman Catholic Bishop, the 
 courtly Dr. Sc;dlan. In the cour.se of five thousand miles of travel 
 he consecrated eighteen churches, and twenty burial grounds, and 
 confirmed nearly tv/o thousand four liundred candidate^. The Bishop 
 saw much to gratify him in the labours of the few clergy in the 
 I.sland, but declared that " it was impossible to be unmovcnl by the 
 " deplorable in.sufficiency of religious instruction in large portions of 
 " the Island." He wjis glad to find a gc-neral observance of Sunday, 
 
 IllSIIIII' l.Xil.lS. 
 
 From an ingravini;. 
 
 ' Eev. John Loiii;h was missioimry at, 
 TwiUiugatc aud Fogo from 1817 to 1818 ; 
 
 Hiirboiir Grace, 1819 to 1822: lie died in 
 1823. 
 
Hisiiop in»;lis. 
 
 an.l oven in the hd^l.t of tho fisl.i,,. .soas„„ a n.al,n...s.o„ tho part of tho 
 n,en o„«a^c.l „. .t to invsont theinsolv.s on that .lay for instruoti.m 
 una Olinstian t(^acninfr. 
 
 No sketch of tlio ('lu,rch of Kn-^land in Newfomi.lUn.l, h,nv..v..r h.-of 
 won .1 1.0 con.plete without reference to tho pioneer work i„ e.l.uati,.,' 
 of the 0I.I "^eutoun.llana School Soniety," first called also 'The 
 Society for eaumtin.ir the poor of Newf.,nn.llan.l." now n.e>.re,l into 
 "The (Colonial and Continental Church So(M..ty." This Soeie't.y owis 
 its existence and its successful working entirely to t!... lahours „f a 
 Newfoundhmd mercliar.t, Samuel Codner. Every Nowfoun.llau.le.- sh„„l'l 
 
 revei',! his memory ; no sin^rh. indi- 
 vidual hasevenloneso iiiueh fortius 
 (r)louy as this plain West-country 
 merchant. Mr. Codner himsif 
 d(!scrilies how the Soci»\ty camo 
 into existence. At a me-tiui!; at 
 Marf^^ate in 1H21, to inaugurate a 
 hranch of the iJible Society, [,ord 
 Liverpool made some forcihle 
 oliservaiious on the duty and 
 responsil.ility of CIreat Britain to 
 pive t<j her extensive colonics the 
 hle.ss'ug.s of religious instruction ; 
 liis words sank deep into the heart 
 of Samuel Coiiner, and he deter- 
 mined, with the blessing of God, to 
 found a society for educiting the 
 poor in the C'olony where he had 
 made his fortune. For this purpose h(! canvassed the whole of England, 
 Irelaml, and Scotland ; everywiicre he enlisted the sympathy of the 
 religious and benevolent. He formed branch societies in all the principal 
 towns. The Liverpool branch had for its president Sir John Gladstone, the 
 father of the great statesman, and John Jot), grandfather of Mr. T. 11. Job, 
 for its active committoen'an. The great Earl of Liverpo*! gave 
 invaluable aid to the infant society; 500^. for building the Central 
 School, St. Johii'.s, 100'. annually for its first master, and free passages 
 for all its teachers in H.M. ti-ansports, besides grants of land for 
 Rchools in all parts of Newfoumlland ; all these boons were obtained 
 fi-oni the Itnpci-ial Government through his influence. 
 
 The Society's operations in Newfoundland were commerced in 
 September 1824-, seventy years ago ; the first school, taught l>y Mr. and 
 Mrs. Jeynes, was held in the one stone building then existing in 
 
 BAMUEL CODKEU. 
 
 From a portrait in (he pnssc.ision of flu: 
 C.C.C. Society. 
 
8 CHUPCH OV ENGLAND IN NEWFOUNDLAND. 
 
 Duckworth Street (occupied before Hie fire of July 1892 by the 
 newer houses of Mr. St. Jolin). Mi\ Willougi'hy, the assistant secretary, 
 wlio superintended the scliools in Newfoundhvnd, was of invaluable lielp 
 in forwarding the interests of the infant institution, an earnest worker 
 with broad and liberal views on the subject of education ; his skill, t.iot, 
 and energy largely helped forward the good work. The schools were 
 supported by generoiis contrilnitions from all denominations, Pn)testant 
 vied with Catholic in promoting their success. Sir Thomas Cochrane 
 was a constant friend of the Society ; Chief Justice Boulton and 
 Archdeac<m Wix largely contributed to its initial prosperity. The first 
 teachera of the Newfoundland School Society were admirably suited for 
 the work, well-trained, earnest, religious men ; their enthtisiasm and 
 their success soon excited a universal desire for the Society's schools all 
 through the Colony ; their non-.sectarian plan of education, fcmnded on 
 Bell's system, and their honest and conscientious desire to avoid offence 
 on denominational questions produced universal confidence in their 
 teachers and .schools. Year by year liew fields of labour wei*e opened 
 up ; liljci'al support was given to the Society, both in England 
 and Newfoundland ; by 1830, six shoi-t years after its connnence 
 ment, a wonderful work was accomplished by the devoted Samuel 
 Codner.^ 
 
 
 
 
 Day 
 
 Sunday 
 
 Adult 
 
 • Principal Stations, 
 
 Wliim 
 
 Principal 
 
 Hchouls, 
 
 SrhooJR. 
 
 ScIkioIs. 
 
 with their 
 
 and 
 
 _-2 
 3s 
 
 .- S 
 
 ^_; 
 
 .... » 
 
 
 ->»■ 
 
 Branch Schooln. 
 
 established. 
 
 Jlranch Teachers. 
 
 §1 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 ■g 
 
 
 « 
 
 
 1 
 
 >-•! 
 
 St. John's 
 
 Sopteniherisai - 
 
 Mr. and ;Mrs. .leynes - 
 
 772 
 
 160 
 
 
 
 221 
 
 10 
 
 Fortuual Covo 
 
 N.ivenilior 1M2S - 
 
 Branch teacher 
 
 SO 
 
 40 
 
 _^ 
 
 
 
 
 
 . River licud 
 
 .Inly 1S28 
 
 Ditto 
 
 102 
 
 60 
 
 
 
 _ 
 
 » 
 
 , „ 
 
 Quidi Villi - 
 
 KebniarylS25 • 
 
 Ditto 
 
 !M) 
 
 .10 
 
 00 
 
 .30 
 
 _ 
 
 __ 
 
 .sV'niil Hill - 
 
 Anifust 1828 
 
 . 
 
 50 
 
 30 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Torbay 
 
 i .Inly 1«28 
 
 Snspondcil 
 
 
 
 20 
 
 
 
 .^ 
 
 
 
 Trimty 
 
 , .Tunc 1825 
 
 Mr. Ill iijamin Fleet - 
 
 KM 
 
 75 
 
 178 
 
 Pfl 
 
 01» 
 
 *J3 
 
 North Side 
 Sliip Covo - 
 
 1828 
 
 Bnuieli teacher 
 Ditto 
 
 Xi 
 
 S3 
 
 :w 
 
 33 
 
 
 
 1 nsn 
 
 <'l.'l 
 
 <S3 
 
 .'{•3 
 
 .33 
 
 
 
 (yuckold's Covo 
 
 1828 
 
 Ditto 
 
 24 
 
 23 
 
 24 
 
 23 
 
 , . 
 
 
 
 Old Hoimvciitiira - 
 
 1829 
 
 Ditto 
 
 48 
 
 30 
 
 '18 
 
 .SO 
 
 , 
 
 __ 
 
 JlAUiioi-R Grace 
 
 September 1825 - 
 
 Mr.andMis.KiiiKwell 
 
 311 
 
 141 
 
 251 
 
 130 
 
 08 
 
 36 
 
 Mosquito - 
 
 August 18'28 
 
 Sns|)onileil 
 
 o;) 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Spiiiiinrd's Bay 
 
 .Inly 1H2II 
 
 Brandi teacher 
 
 88 
 
 48 
 
 !H) 
 
 80 
 
 42 
 
 4'i 
 
 Island Covo 
 
 ! Ditio 
 
 Ditto 
 
 85 
 
 4<> 
 
 
 
 
 
 Kivc^r Head 
 
 May 1830 
 
 Ditto 
 
 IH) 
 
 1)0 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 CAnHONNIKRRR 
 
 October 1825 - 
 
 Snspend(Ml 
 
 110 
 
 
 85 
 
 
 
 20 
 
 . 
 
 PjiTTT Harhour 
 
 September 1825 - 
 
 Mr. and Mrs. Murlin 
 
 Um 
 
 1115 
 
 U5 
 
 <» 
 
 C5 
 
 22 
 
 Maddox Cove 
 
 AnKust 1828 
 
 .Suspended 
 
 ,-|(l 
 
 
 
 
 
 _ 
 
 BoNAVISTA. 
 
 1 X()veniberlH20 - 
 
 Mr. and .Mrs. Meek - 
 
 208 
 
 130 
 
 120 
 
 IK) 
 
 no 
 
 50 
 
 Grkkn's Pond 
 
 October 1828 - 
 
 Mr. and Mrs. KiiiK - 
 
 117 
 
 08 
 
 151 
 
 111 
 
 00 
 
 4fl 
 
 Swain's Island 
 
 September 182!) - 
 
 Branch teacher 
 
 20 
 
 R 
 
 20 
 
 20 
 
 
 
 Pool's Island 
 
 18211 - 
 
 Ditto 
 
 2ft 
 
 20 
 
 27 
 
 27 
 
 
 , . 
 
 POKT Iin (iRAVK 
 
 October 182it 
 
 Mr. and .Mrs. Lind - 
 
 130 
 
 ICO 
 
 8k 
 
 (10 
 
 54 
 
 .'HI 
 
 Ray Roberts 
 
 ' l)((ccniber 1820 - 
 
 Branch feacOuT 
 
 ■M) 
 
 ;i5 
 
 
 
 
 
 Cupids 
 
 Mfv is;5() 
 
 Ditto 
 
 2') 
 
 20 
 
 
 
 
 
 __ 
 
 _ 
 
 TWIT.LrNQATK 
 
 October 1820 . 
 
 Mr. Willian. Walker- 
 
 fil> 
 
 (10 
 
 74 
 
 74 
 
 60 60 
 
 Herri tiK Nock 
 
 March 1830 
 
 Hranch teacher 
 Total - 
 
 50 
 
 50 
 
 r,i 
 
 M 
 
 
 Mt 
 
 
 »,12» 
 
 1,613 
 
 1.477 
 
 9S2 
 
 680 
 
NEWFOUNDLAND StiJIOOL S(»<'IKTY. Q 
 
 Most of tJie early toaclievs of the Society became ordained ininiHtcrs 
 of vlio Church of England in the Colony ; the saintly iiieiiiories of these 
 teachers and niissionariea, Meek, Kingwell, and others, will always be 
 revered amongst us. To tlie last Samuel Codner^ took the warmest 
 interest in the Colony ; his life was devoted to the Society lie had so 
 successfully fouudi;d. In one of his last letters to ]\lr. lioiid (father of 
 the Hon. R. Bond) he makes in(|uiries as to whether Mr. lloliort Prowse, 
 who has been recommended as unpaid manager of the institution in 
 Newfoundland, would l>e a suitable person for the work. During the 
 long period that the Newfoundland School Society has be^n at work in 
 the Colony its teaclieis have been almost invariably good instructors, 
 and the schools prospei'ous and well managed ; for a gi-ef„t many years 
 500^. has been granted to them by the Local Government, and to-day 
 twenty schools are in full operation in the Island. 
 
 In 1829 Bishop Inglis constituted the two archdeaconries of New- 
 foundland and Bei-muda, and the Rev. Mr. Coster became the first 
 archdeacon of the former. The venerable George Coster, our first 
 archdeacon, was a missionary at Bernnula from 1S22 to 1S24. He was 
 then appointed visiting missionary to Newfoundland and Ecclesiastical 
 Connnissary. He resided chieily at Bonavista, where he laboured 
 earnestly and faithfully in his Master's vineyard. He is well 
 remembered as the constructor of the first three miles of road around 
 the settlement. The Rev. Edward Wix, first stationed at Bonavista in 
 182G, in 1830 succeeded the Rev. George Coster as archdeacon, and 
 removed to St. John's ; Archdeacon Wix visited all around the 
 island, and even made an extended visitation to the Labrador. 
 The history of the Church of England would l)e 
 very incomplete without some reference to his life 
 and labours. In his very interesting work, "Six 
 montlis of a Newfoundland Missionary's Journal," 
 February to August 1836, he mentions that he had 
 then been ten years in the service of the Society, 
 two of which he had spent in Nova Scotia and eight 
 in Newfoundland. In 1889 the Ven. Aubrey George 
 Spencer, who had been successively missionary in New- 
 foundland, and the first archdeacon of Bermuda, was ahcudkkon wix 
 consecrated the first Bishop of Newfoundland, which 
 was then severed from the See of Nova Scotia. By the appointmen 
 of a bishop and the separation of Newfoun.Uand from the See of 
 Nova Scotia, an immense impetus was given to Church feelmgs. 
 
 . Sumuel Co-lner was con-a-cted with the when he sold his husines. to Wilson and 
 Newfoundland trade uutil Jlareh yoth, 18tl, xMevnell. 
 
40 
 
 CHURCH OF ENfJLAND IN NEWFOUNDLAND. 
 
 principlos, and interests. The Rev. Aubrey Georj]fe Spencer came to 
 Newfoundland as a missionary in 1818. He was first stationed at 
 Piacentia, 1818, Ferryland, 1819, and in 1820 at Trinit3^ It is related 
 that when he first preached in St. John's, Sir Ch;irles and Lady Hamilton 
 were so much taken with his earnest and eloquent sermons that they 
 determined to have him promoted ; the future bishop, however, would not 
 give up his missionary work. Bishop Spencer was a very elegant and 
 accompli.shed man and, although a born aristocrat, he was most simple and 
 unpretending in liis habits. Many of the oluor g.meration can remember 
 his residing in Cochrane Place, the marriage of his daughter to Sir John 
 
 Harvey's son, and the kindly genial 
 manners that c leared him to all 
 hearts. The new Diocesan was an 
 Evanffclical of the old school of 
 Wilberforco and Bicker.^teth ; he 
 promoted the woi-k of the New- 
 foundland School Society, the lii-itish 
 and Foreign Bible vSocicty, and 
 throughout his episcopate both the 
 Church and the Clergy in the Colony 
 were dist"nct1y of tlie Evangelical 
 or Low Church School. When he 
 was appointed to the sec of New- 
 foundland as the fir.st bi.shop, in 
 1889, he wa.s ai; the time Archdeacon 
 of Benuudii.' "At my consecration," 
 said the Bisliop, " to the see of 
 Newfomidland, I found only eight 
 clergymen of the Churcli of England 
 in the whole Colony." The Churdi 
 was in a most disorganized and dispirited condition ; the schools were 
 languishing, many of them broken up, and all were destitute of tliat 
 spirit of unity and order so essential to real cfHriency. Within a brici" 
 episcopate of a little over four ycars,^ some of these cvih: were reniedietl, 
 
 D13II0P SI'BNCEK. 
 
 From an -^graving. 
 
 ' IVishop SponciT resided in liorirnida 
 from 1822 to IHMH, and was Arclidcacnn of 
 JScrnmda fiom 182.') until his cluvutioii to 
 the See of Newfoundland in 18:39. 
 
 2 ISishop Spencer was a grandson of tlie 
 (second Duke of Marlborough. Jn his letter 
 to the Society for the I'rojiaj'ation of the 
 Gospel in 1811, lie says, "I have lravcllc<l 
 this year 1,188 miles, visited .'15 stations, 
 confirined 1,K10 persons, consecrated six 
 cliurches, orjjanised, or assisted in the build- 
 
 ing of 21 new churches, ordained two ])riests 
 iiud eight deacons, founded or rcstoreil mure 
 than 20 day scliools or Sunday sehcols. 
 IJishoi) Spencer K f I the Colony in 184;}. On 
 his appointment as ISishop of .lamaica, he 
 thus w rote about the quaiities nec( ssurv for 
 liis successor : " He must have strength of 
 constitution to su|i|iorl him under a clini.iti' 
 as rigorous as that of Icelund, a stouiaeli 
 insensible to the attacks of sea sickness, 
 pedestrian powers lieyond those of an Irish 
 
lirSITOP SPENCER. 
 
 U 
 
 the most crying .leficienciea snpplio-l, an.l tiio fminriations laid of tl.nt 
 church organization upon which his succ(3.s.sor,Bisli()p FeiKUubscquently 
 built with so much success. In all his work he was largely aided 
 by Archdeacon Bridge.^ Bishop Spencer divided the diocese into 
 rural deaneries ; cst\l)lished, with the aid of the Society for the Pro- 
 pagation of the Gospel, a theological institution for the training of 
 divinity students, helped nnd encouraged tlie erection ofmon^than 20 
 new churohes, originated and revived Sunday schools everywhere, 
 increased the number of clergymen to twenty- 
 five, with lay leaders and f-choolniasters undei" 
 them; ostahhshed a mission to the Micraac 
 Indians, and raised a considerable sum of 
 money, with the hope of building a cathedr.d, 
 the first stone of which he laid before (juitting 
 the diocese. These were the legacies he left 
 to his succcssol- in the See, and it is with 
 that successor, the A])ostolic Bishop Feild, 
 that the progress of the Church in New- 
 foundland will ever be closely associated. 
 
 The story of the labours and succe, ses of 
 the long episcopate, of thirty-two years, of 
 this remarkable man, must of necessity, in tliis 
 brief sketch, l)e ineonii)lete and inipcrfuet. We can only summarize 
 thom. He doubled tlie number of clergy ; churches and parsonages were 
 nuiltiplied in a like pi'oportion. 1'he theological institution was 
 enlarged .and endowed, and now exists under the name of Queei.'s 
 College. He established separate seminaries for boys and girls, which 
 have been highly successi 1 ; founded distinct orphanages for destitute 
 
 IIISIIOP I'KILI). 
 
 Jiy Kibier, St. John's. 
 
 gossoon, and an ability to rest occasionally 
 on the heil of h fisherman or iho hard boards 
 in a woodman's tilt. With tliusc physical 
 capabilities he must combine a patient temper 
 and energetic spirit, a facility to adapt his 
 speech to the lowest grade of intellect . . . 
 . . together with the discretiim and charity 
 which will induce him to live, as far as may 
 be possible, at iK!ace with all men . . .'" 
 
 ' Mention has been made at pajre IG9 of 
 the labours of Arcluleacon I!iidi<e. He came 
 out to Newfoundland in lHi25, lirst as tutor to 
 Sir Thomas Cochrane's sons, Charles and 
 IJailli*! Cochrane (afterwards Lord Lamin;^- 
 ton). Prior to his appointment, as rector of 
 St. John's, in 1840, he had been curate to the 
 Kj'. 1<\ Carrington ; he was a most enrncsf 
 f nd devoted minister, the first promoter of 
 temperance in the Church, and specially 
 energetic iu the cause of education ; at one 
 
 time he was superintendent of the Newfcmnd- 
 land School Society, and all the older genera- 
 tion have lively remembrances of his admirable 
 school and his marvellous gifts as a tcach(?r ; 
 his congregation literally worshipped him. 
 In 1840 he visited Kn^land to take his M.A. ' 
 degree at Oxford, and to obtain funds for the 
 erection of the new cathedral, the cos* of 
 which Hishop Spencer modestly estimated at 
 :(;4,000 sterling. Mr. IJrIdge died in IH.OO. 
 Contemporaneous with Archdeacon Urirlge 
 was the Ue*'. C. lilacknian, for many years 
 incumbent of St. 'I'lioiaas's, a most al)le and 
 eloquent preacher ; he came out to the Colony 
 as private secretary to Sir Charles Hamilton, 
 was ordained in Newfoundland, and after wrv- 
 iiit' several years as minister at I'ort de (iravo, 
 became second incumbent of St. 'I'lioni-is's, 
 in succession to Archdeacon V.'ix, mainly 
 '.nrough whose exertion the (diurch was built. 
 
12 
 
 CiriTllCH OF KNOLAND JN NEWFOUNDLAND. 
 
 children of both sexes; designed and paitiallj' built the beantii'ul 
 cathedral of St. John the Baptist in the Capital ; oiigini.ted and provided 
 an endow iiient for the future support of the Episcopate ; reduced an 
 unoi'ganised and feeble ecclesiastical system to one of synodical order 
 and unity ; and year by year, in the church ship Hawk, visited and 
 comforted his clergy and their flocks, scattered along a rugged shore 
 of over three thousand miles. 
 
 KEV. J. MOtNTAIN. 
 
 From an old photograph. 
 
 KEV. .MR. IirTCIII.NSO.V. 
 
 liy S. H. Parsons. 
 
 REV. W. W. I )•: (iALI.Ala. 
 
 J)y Adams and MvKenncy. 
 
 In all these enterprises and labours he was helped by a staflf of fellow- 
 laboui'ers, like-minded with himself, whom his noble example attracted 
 to the oldest of England's cohmial possessions. The names of Boland, 
 Le Oallais, Mountain, Hutchinson, White, Cunningham, Johnson, CoUey, 
 Curling, Botwood, and a roll of others too numerous to unfold, were 
 
 KKV. THOMAS WOCill. 
 
 lij Gowland, I'ork. 
 
 AliCIII'KAlU.N HOI wool). 
 
 Jiy S. Jl. Parsons. 
 
 UKV. IIH. PILOT. 
 
 £y (S. //. Parsons, 
 
 among tho.se w1k» flocked to his standnrd, and with him fought 
 the Inittle fur the Master. Tlie salvation of souls and the honour of 
 God and of His Church, were the muin.springs of his life and work, 
 and when these were concerned ho knew no compromise. He entered 
 into his rest on the 8th June 1.S7G at Bermuda. 
 
BISHOP JOXES. 
 
 13 
 
 The Right Rev. Jmaes Butler Kelly succeeded liim by virtue o^; a 
 vote of the Synod in 187;i, buthis health did not admit of bin conti.mir'/ 
 his labours, in which for nine years he bud so heartily slnred with Bi:.b<.^* 
 Feild as his co-adjutc»r, and on his resignation in 1877 the Synod )'(niiitt ' 
 to delegates in England the choice (A his successor, wiiich resulte 1 in 
 the consecration, on May 1st 1S7H, of the Rev. Llewellyn Jou<;s. 
 
 His Lordship, the present Bishop of Newfoundland, is a sound High 
 Churchman, a man of broad and liberal views ; in St. John's he has won 
 all hearts by his cheery manner, his unfailing courtesy. Tbe bishop is 
 imbued with the true missionary spirit ; although tbe labours of bis 
 great diocese have seriously injured his health, he declined to accejit 
 easier work, and a more advantageous position as Anglican Bishop of 
 Nova Scotia. On all platforms and by all creeds the bishop is welcomed ; 
 he lias endeared himself to the whole Colony b^i^his exceeding gentleness ; 
 one of the most modest of men, he shrinks from 
 all pufling ajid praise. He is a most methodical 
 and energetic worker, a good platform speaker, 
 a very earnest and able pieacher ; the keynote 
 of all his sermons is sincerity, an over- 
 masterinc desire to win souls for his Mastoi-. 
 One of tbe foremost of his mis.si(jnaries, writing 
 of him, says " He shares witb his clergy their 
 " perilous work, and no less than his prede- 
 " cessor is enkindled with the same spirit of 
 " zeal for the diocese. He has done nuich to 
 " forwai d the work of the church in New- 
 " foundland. Improvements, material and 
 " spiritual, are manifest in all diiections." Besides the care of all the 
 churches in Newfoundland and Labrador, the bishop is ordinary over 
 the English Colony in St. Pierre and Bishop of Bernmda. By the 
 devotion of the churchmen in these lovely islands, and by the special 
 labours of Mr. Rcid, the church has prospered exceedingly. In 
 organization and in church building the later episcopate of Bishop Jones 
 has been specially distinguishe ', both in Newfoundland and Bermuda 
 
 It has also been marked by the completion of the noble cathidral 
 now, unhappily, in ruins from the disastrous fire of July KS92 ; by tbe 
 erection of new and enlarged orphanages in St. John's, and of many 
 beautiful and connnodious churches throughout the diocese, and the 
 eatablishmcnt of a sustentation fund for the future maintenance of the 
 clergy ; by prolonged visitation voyages to all parts of his extensive 
 diocese ; and by a more generous support of all church institutions by 
 the laity than had heretofore obtained. 
 
 HISIKH' JOM- 
 
 Jljl llussdl ami Suits. 
 
14 CIIUUCII OF ENGLAND IN NEWFOUNDLAND. 
 
 In the great fire of July 1892 the Churcli sustained losses amounting 
 to $00,000, exclusive of the beautiful cathedral. By the energy of 
 Bishop Jones, appeals were made to the Church at largo for help towards 
 n'lking these los-es good. These appeals have been liberally responded 
 to, and in a few year.-", with the help of a willing laity, it wdl be found 
 that the dreaded fire was but an angel in disguise. 
 
 Even in this short sketch mention should be made of the deep debt 
 of gratitude which the church in Newfoundland owes to Mrs. (). Johnson, 
 a widowed lady who took up her abode in St. John's, though infirm in 
 body, she was most eu?i"gotic in the Master's service, and contributed 
 
 AMaUCAIf CATIIEDBAb, BT. JOHN'S. 
 
 libei'ally to the diocese. Rev. C. Palairet, anotlier fritnd of tlic Bishop, 
 will always to devoutly romombered for his deep devotion, and his 
 liberal gifts to Topsail. In Bishop Feild's episcopate the missions to 
 White Bay and Bay of Islands were C' mmenced, the first by the earnest 
 and devoted missionary, Mr. Temple, the second by the Rev. U. Z. Rule. 
 After Mr. Rule's resignation the church was provided with oiie of her 
 most remarkable and dcvuted missionaries. The Rlv. J. Curling, whilst 
 serving as an engineer offictr in Bermuda, waa brought under the holy 
 
REV. J J. l!UIU-IN(}. 
 
 15 
 
 influence of Bishop Feild ; he rcsigneil his commission in the army, find 
 after due pre] xvrat ion was oidaincd in 1S73. lie wius appointotl to tlio 
 
 mission of Bay of IslandiJ. Out of his laroo u-eaiH 
 f y lio presented the dioccso with his yacht " Lavrock." 
 
 No more h ami )!(', devoted S'^rvaut oftliii Church 
 has evtr laboured more ;d)undinL'ij' lo win souU 
 than did this yourj,' ongintei' officer. 
 
 In I.S79 Mr. Curling was made ruial dean ot' 
 
 Pjelle Isle Straits. After sixteen years of such 
 
 constant toil and labour as falls to the lot of f(!W, 
 
 Mr. Curling gave up his mission to prosecute his 
 
 further htudi(;s at Oxford. His liberal ben(;factions 
 
 to tlie Church of England in Newfoundland have 
 
 been distributed all over the I^^land. Generous as 
 
 Mr, Curling ha.s been in distiibuting his wealth 
 
 to beuetit the diocese, stid raorc good has been 
 
 done by his spiritual influence and his dci'p devotion to duty; bis noble 
 
 cxaui[)le of self-denial has helpeil to strengthen many feeble knees, to 
 
 suppoit the weak, and to deepen their faith. 
 
 KKV. J. J. CURLINO. 
 
 liy Vebenham, Cuwcs. 
 
 DAY OP 1BLAM19. 
 
 From a ph^logmph by the Uev.J.J. Curliug. 
 
 Time wouUl fail to tell of many interesting feiiturcs of the Newfound- 
 land diocese ; the hardest missionary hibour of all is in Arctic Labrador. 
 Ar.lideacon Wix visited the coast but appointed no clergyuiaii. 
 
u 
 
 CirniCII OF ENGLAND IN NKWK()U^J1)LANI). 
 
 Mr. Giffbril was the first misHioniiry at Foi-toau in 1847, reniaining 
 there ten years. Mr. (Jillurd went al'terwaiils to New ZeuUuKi, where he 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 i 
 
 \ 
 
 
 ^^^ 
 
 
 / 1 
 
 •'->-, 
 
 I 
 
 ^^^^- 
 
 
 ' ■''■ ' *^ 
 
 1 ^\ . 
 
 1 
 
 ^^^^^ 
 
 
 J 
 
 
 l^^g^^ 
 
 ^^^^^^m^^^ Hu 
 
 
 J^I^It-^jI 
 
 ^^TlJ^S^S 
 
 j^^^^^lR^liKBf 
 
 
 ^^B^^'-^ 
 
 m 
 
 fitlj 
 
 IPiPr^ 
 
 ^P|||g 
 
 
 m 
 
 ■Hiu^-il 
 
 
 h'- .:V[ 
 
 NEWFOUNULAMD CHURCH 81111' "l.A\ HOCK." 
 
 From a photograph by the livi\ J. J. Curling. 
 
 still resiilos. Rev. H. P. Disney, an Irish clergyman, gave up liis living 
 in Ireland to plant the church at St Francis Harbmn' Our present 
 archdeacon succeeded Mr. Gifl'ord in Forteau, an<l 'ahomed most 
 ahunchmtly in that dreary region for three years. Rev, F. Colley, and 
 hitest of all, Rev. Mr. Qninton, comhines in his cleri»'al work the 
 hanlihood of the typical Mewfoundlancler with the devuttd zeal of an 
 apostohc missionary. 
 
 THE CHURCH IN THE OU TV OUTS. 
 
 BONAVLSTA. 
 
 In 1722 the Rev. Henry Jones was settled at HonavLsta by the 
 liberality, as it would appear, of tlie inhabitants of that settle- 
 ment. For although the journals of the S.P.O. in 172() show that he 
 was in corres|)oiidencc with the Bi.shop of London, and its Connnittee, 
 and received at ditterent times gratuities of money, and books for use in 
 the school which he had established there, there is no statement that 
 any regular allowance was made to him, as it is always in the case of 
 those who were upon the list of the Society's missionaries. He wrote 
 in 17S0 thiit his church, which was built it would seem from sources 
 altogether independent of any which the Society supplied, was nearly 
 
liAHlJADOU MISSIUX. 
 
 17 
 
 fini.slic.l, and that a rrontlemmi of Lond,,,, had j,/iven him a sot of voshoIs 
 for the Coinnmnion and a handnc.inc stone font. lu 1734, ho repre- 
 sented his congregation to bo in a il.mrishing condition, an<l tlie number 
 of his communicants increabing. Witliin a period of eight years ho 
 baptized one lumdred and foiu-teon persons, ot whom tive\vere adults. 
 His ministrations were faitlifully carried on, and gratefully received" 
 among an atteitionate and willing people, and these evi.lencts of his 
 usefulness led the S.P.G. in 1741 gladly b) iq.point him its missionary 
 in their more important settlement of Trinity ?,ay, as successoi- to one 
 v/ho Irid already begini a go(jil work there. Tlie proximity, however, 
 
 
 
 BOKTKAU ClIUllClI, I.AUHADJli. 
 
 From a drawing by the lion, and Rot; ]V. Oi-ait. 
 
 of Trinity Bay to Bonavis^a enabled him to still keep up some inter- 
 course with his former congregation, as, indeed, he was recpiested by the 
 S.P.G. to do, until the services of a regular minister could be obtained 
 for them, and these were soon afterwards secui-ed by the appointment 
 of the Rev. Mr. Peasley, a graduate of Trinity, Dublin. Mr. Jones 
 continued to discharge his duties as the missionary for Trinity Bay for 
 a period of six years, but in 1744, finding the winters too severe foi- his 
 constitution, lie asked leave, after iwenty-.fivo years of hardness endured 
 
 / p. 2729. " 
 
18 CIIUHCH OF ICNGLAND IN NIOWFOUNDLAM). 
 
 for his MfiHter'H Hake, to be sent to a wnrnier climate, nnd was accoi-d- 
 iii<fly Mppdintod to ii mission lunonj^ tli ■ Indians in tlio Moskito cotindy. 
 On Iiis way thither lie put into Jaiiiuica, and was persuaded \>y the 
 Governor of the Island to accept the living of St. Aimc's. 
 
 TIMNITY. 
 
 Trinity Bay is one of the deejjest bays which iixlcnt the shores of 
 Newfoundland, and had been one of those earliest settled by tisheriiien 
 from the mother country. So numei'ous had they become in 1729 that 
 they represented to the S.P.G. their earnest wish to have a cler^'ymaa 
 settled amonj^st them, pled^'ing tliemselvos to contribute 80/. a year 
 towards his maihtenance and to build a Church. TVm Society accord- 
 ingly sent to tins extensive district the Kov. Robert Killpatrick, on 
 a salary of 80/. a year. 
 
 The discouragements which he cncotmtered, particularly in (he 
 inconsiderable contributions of the people notwithstanding their promise 
 to the Society, led him after a few months' risidence to request that ho 
 might be transferred to a settlement in New York. He was accord- 
 ingly sent to New Windsor, in that Colony, but so far was he from 
 improving his condition by the change, that he applied for and obtained 
 leave to return to his first mission. In New Windsor he could meet 
 with no one who would give him a lodging on any terms. 
 
 On his way back to Trinity Bay his coui-se brought him to 
 Placentia, where he was detained three nionthfi. Hei'c hci did what he 
 could to npair the evils which he describes prevailing in that .settle- 
 ment, frcmi the absence of all religious ordinances, and from the in- 
 culcation of the principles of infidelity to which mai of the inhabitants 
 had abandoned themselves. 
 
 He preached here for six Sundays and baptized ten children. It 
 may be of i ' u-est to mention that while the French held possession of 
 the Island, Placentia was the seat of Governnifnt and was a place of 
 great importance as a military post of the French. In 1(;89, there had 
 been established a branch of the Convent of our Lady of Angels of 
 Quebec, on the site of the present Chuich of England chtu'cii and bury- 
 ing ground, and a few of the French and P>as(jue tombs of the date of 
 1080 and 1G90 are still preserved in tiie chancel of this church to mark 
 out the place where it stood. As on the ac(|ui.'<ition of this place by 
 the Engli>h the French were allowed to dispose of their titles to pro- 
 perties here, it seems probaVde that the site of the recent convent was 
 purcha-ed by the English .settleis, and con\'erted into a church for the 
 use of the Church of England. . Tiiis was only twenty-one years before 
 
10 
 
 KIX 
 
 ClUilU'U IN TIUN'irV HAV. 
 
 tho visit, ..r Killpatri.-k, who prol.ably hell .orvico ir, it „„ tho 
 SuiidayH rcteiTL'd to. 
 
 Tlie joy caUHcd in Trinity Bay I,y KHIpHtrnk's vAurn t. his lluck- 
 proves that his services ha.l n.orc than a tmusieut ellbct upou thoir 
 min.ls, an.l that he had too hastily jtidgod witii nvsp.ctto th.ir n,pnose.l 
 lack of sympathy and froodwiU. Ho reports that his con-ro. rations 
 were mnnero.is, an.l at Ol.l LVrlican ho ha-l about two huudro.f hirers 
 
 " By a stranfTo coiuci<lenco the lan.l iunnuily in tho posso-siun i,f 
 tho church at Old Porlican, and upon which at one tin..3 sto,..! h buildinr' 
 for tho conduct of divine sorvico, has during this year IS.Sl), aftt-r its 
 alienation from tho church for over sixty yeius, hem purchased and a 
 church erected thereupon." 
 
 In 1737, being uurler tho necessity of returning to En-land ho 
 broufrht with him a letter from the justices of tho peace? church- 
 wardens and inhabitants of Trinity Bay, in which they .rratefully and 
 hund)ly thanked tho S.P.G. for their great favour in sending a 
 nn"ssionary to be their spiritual director atcording to the usage of \he 
 Church of England. Subsequently Commodore West, then in conuuand 
 of the station, wrote to the Bishop of London to say that having a full 
 knowledge of the vigorous work of clei'gyman of Tjiuity Bay, lielecom- 
 mended him to tho favour of his Lordship, and characteiizcis Kdlpatrick 
 in tho word, the most comprehensive of all others, as a good Christian. 
 These testimonies of this early missionary afford evidence of the 
 stedfastue.sb and success witii which he had continued tu dischurge his 
 duties. 
 
 HARBOUR GRACE AND CARBONEAR. 
 
 Tlie Rev. James Balfour was appointed missionary at Trinity, with 
 tho out-harbours of Old and New Perlican, Bonaventure, in 170.5. 
 In acknowledgment of his services, his parishioners, soon after his 
 arrival, built him a house, but after nine years spent in this mission, 
 which was not less than forty leagues in circuit, he was removed to the 
 more important station of Harbour Grace and Carbonear, vacant by 
 the resignation of Mr. Coughlan in 1773. Mr. Balfour set himself to 
 establish a school in Harbour Grace, and having secured the services of 
 William Lampon, ho reconnnended him to the favour of the Society, 
 who were pleased to confirm the appointir.ent, and make a grant <if 15/. 
 a year towards his salary, on condition that he taught the children of 
 the poor free of charge. The whole of Conception Bay was his mission, 
 and with indefatigable zeal he made a tour around it four times in each 
 year. In 17fS8 he wrote : " that he had visited every small harbour in 
 " that bay ; that he was in the habit of publicly catechizing the children 
 
 u 2 
 
20 CllUHCll OF ENUIiANl) IN NKWt'OUNDLANU. 
 
 " in cliurc'li, in fiico of tlio conj^rc^jitioii, iind that tlit*y gave ffrcut 
 " Hnti.sfactinii in tlio porfoiniancc!." In a Icstter diitccl 17H!', lit; rei)()rts 
 that the pupulation of tliu I5)iy was throe thoiiKaml seven hundred and 
 Beventy-three ProteKtants, and two tlioiisnnd .six hundied and til'ty-fonr 
 Konian Catiiolics. In the following year he bunents the great increase 
 of Popery ; he reports that he l»ul adnnnistered the Lord's Supper every 
 Sunday, and tliat tlie niunber of communicants was two hundred. 
 Mr. JJalfour continued to discluirge his many duties with unahattd 
 vigour for thirty years, wlien age or infinnity compelled him to retire, 
 tlie Society continning his f^.lary in consideiation of hiy and active 
 services, and the destitute condition of himself anil his fnmily. From 
 the record of the foundation of St. Paul's, Harbour Gnjco, we h^arn that 
 the Hrst Anglican church in the town was built in 17()4<; it was biu'iit 
 down on iSlh August, 1n;{"2, and the present sttme e<lifice was com- 
 menced on the 28th July 1835, the coi'uer stone being laid by Governor 
 Prescott. 'l"ho first Anglican clergyman in Harbour Grace was Laurence 
 Coughlan, next David Balfour, succeeded by G. C Jeiuiei'. Fi-om 1802 
 the place was filled for several years by the liistoiian, Rev. L. A. 
 Anspaeli. Another welldcnown Anglican lector of H.irlKtur Grace wms 
 the Kev. F. Cai-rington. 
 
 The S.P.G., wldeli had becn'for some time solicitous to fill the mission 
 of Trinity, which had been vacant since the removal of Mr Balfour to 
 Harbour (Jrace in 177'^, Jippointed the Rev. James Barker to proceed to 
 that place in ir.S2. Ho had already been in the service of the Society 
 as Missionary at Provi<lence, in the Bahamas, lait upon the captun! of 
 these Islands by the Spaniiirds, a year or so before, he was compijlled to 
 leave it, and rctux'n to Ireland, his native country ; no record, however, 
 of his long work is to be found in any of the Society's publications, ainl 
 ib is probable that Mr. Barker never reached his destination. 
 
 PLACENTIA. 
 
 In 1787 a memorial from the principal inhabitants of Placentia was 
 laid before the S^P.G., setting forth the great want of a clergyman in 
 that settlement, and their willingness to contribute to his support. 
 Placentia had attracted the noti.e of His 3I;!Je,sty King William IV., 
 tiien Duko of Clarence, when in early life he wa.s engaged in the 
 honourable service of his country as Commander of the Pcf/dtms, uud ho 
 was not slow in lecommending the claims of the ancient seat of Govern- 
 ment of Newfoundland to the favourable notic(' of the Society. He further 
 
CIlUUCll A'i" I'LAfENTIA. 
 
 21 
 
 •sliowed l\i3 IntcreHt in tlio work ol" tlio Cluuvh hero, l)y contributing tho 
 Hutn of tii'ty guiupas towiutls tlio erection of the Clnircl., to ^vliicli ul.so 
 ho pruHoiitod a liaii<lsi)ino sot ol" vchkcIs, wliji-li aii! still uscil, aUli(>\i"li 
 now very oceasioually, at iho colcViniti')n ol" the Jloly (.'unimunioii. Tlio 
 S.P.G. had not boon unmindful of tlio condition of tlio nuiglihouriii;,' 
 settlenionts as roproscntod by Kill|)atiiclv a)id Laiigtnaii, and bad mailo 
 Hovoral attouipts to procuro a suitaljlo nmn fo»' tho post, but as no decent 
 provision was assured towanls liis niaintenaiico, by ib<! peo])l(', tliey did 
 not fool juHlitiod in Ijixiiig tlicir scanty inoonio for bis entire support. 
 Now, however, upon tho laith of their proinist'(l coiitributioiis, tbey 
 were enabled to send tlio Kov. John Harris, who bad already proved 
 himself an able and useful minister as curate of Havorford West. After 
 a passage of nine weeks, Mr. Ibn-ris arrived nt Placciitia. He found 
 that tho original church, fDrnicrly the (Jliapel of our Lady of Angels, 
 had boon removed, that tl.e population bad nearly all become members 
 of tho Roman Catholic Church, only a remnant of on", hundred remaining 
 members o!" tho Church of England in I'laccntia, luid tliirty in the 
 outdiarbours. After tlio ilrst year of his ministry liere, ho was enabled 
 to state that by tho activity and diligence of Air. Brown, the iiist 
 
 ANOLiCAS cuuucii AT ukumhaii:; hay. 
 
 magistrate of the place, a new church was nearly completed, and that 
 he had visited Buiin and Fortune liay, peiforming the various ofHces of 
 tho church. In 1700, upon tho removal of Mr. Price from St. John's, 
 
22 CnUllClI OB^ ENGLAND IN NEWFOUNIJLi.ND. 
 
 lio was tranHferred thither on tlie particular rcjiucst of its iiiliabitants, 
 and the Rev. Mr. Evans, a curate in the vicinity of Ha erford West, 
 was appointed to succeed him. 
 
 Mr. Evans .speaks, in 1790, of the civility and atten^ shown him 
 by the principal inhabitants, one :Mr. Waldron, at '.. ittle incon- 
 venience to himself, placing a boat at his disposal, an > accompanying 
 him in his missionary excursions. His visits 'to Burin were highly 
 appreciated. Here he procured from the Governor a «]-ant of land for 
 building a chiirch, and established a school undrr a Mr. Sanders, who 
 discharged his duties with great attention and diligence, to whom the 
 Society made an allowance of £15 a year. He also made excursions 
 into Foi tune Bay, which then had a population of about a thousand 
 settlers, extending the knowledge of God, as he says, among a people 
 who had hitherto lived in lamentable ignorance and darkness, and 
 content to endure risk, fatigue, and haixlship, if so be he nnght answer 
 the end of his mission. On one of these voyages— " voyages of discovery " 
 the apostle of fishermen, Bishop Feild, used in later years to call thoiii 
 —he was shipwrecked, and to the suiprise of all who knew the coast, 
 he managed to escape to shore, having lost everything except what he 
 had on. After ten years of labour such as this, Mr. Evans left the 
 mission of Placcntia, since which, no resident of the Church of England 
 has been stationed there. 
 
APPENDIX TO CriAPTER 
 
 i. 
 
 I. 
 
 RncTons or St. John tiik 
 Uai'Ti.st, St. John's, Ni;w- 
 foijndi.ani). 
 
 1699 Rev. John Jackson. 
 1705 liev. Mr. llice. 
 1730 Rev. Mr. Fordycc. 
 1744 Rev. M. IVaseley.M.A. 
 175'^ Rev. Edward Liiiiffiiiiin, 
 
 M.A., Hi.liol College, 
 
 Oxford. 
 1783 Rev, Wiilter Price. 
 1791 I!ev. John Harries, M.A. 
 1810 Rev. David Rowland, 
 
 M.A. 
 1817 Rev. Thomas Grantham, 
 
 M.A. 
 1819 Rev. Fredk. Carringtoii, 
 
 li.A. 
 1840 Rev.Thos. l!ridge,M.A., 
 
 C.(!. Oxford. 
 IS.H Rifflit Rev. Edward Keild, 
 
 D.I). 
 18/G Right Uev. J. B. Kelh-y, 
 
 D.D., D.C'.L. 
 1878 Right Rev. Llewtllyii 
 
 Jones, D.D. 
 1894 Rev. Arthnr lleber 
 
 Rrown, M.A., St. IM- 
 
 nniiid's Hall, Oxford. 
 
 St. Thomas'. 
 
 18;iG \'en. Archdeacon Wix, 
 
 M.A. 
 1840-18")2 Rev. Charles 
 
 Hlackniaii, M.A. 
 
 ISriH-Bl Uev. Thomas Martin 
 
 Wood, R.D., iiieiim- 
 
 heut IS-Oa, rector 1877. 
 
 1881 Rev. Arthnr Charles 
 
 Fit/gerald Wood, M.A. ; 
 
 ( 'urate, IJev. Henry 
 
 Duiifield, 1881. 
 
 Sr. Mauy's. 
 
 185G Rev. John Pearson, In- 
 
 eunihent. 
 18G4 Rev. Charles Medley, 
 
 11. A., Inenuihcnt. 
 18G7 Rev. Edward Itotwood, 
 
 Incunihent, I8G7 ; 
 
 Rector, 1877; R.I)., 
 
 1879; Archdeacon, 
 
 1894. 
 
 Rectous of IfAunouit 
 
 GllACE. 
 
 17t)fi Rev. Laurence Coiighlan. 
 1773 Rev. Juwes llall'our, 
 M.A. 
 
 Missi()NAun.;s or Tuimtv. 
 
 1?:!9 liev. K(,ht. Killputiiek. 
 1" I:! l!fv. Ilfniy .Iniics. 
 17.'iO lli'Y. lii'iijiinnn Lind.sav. 
 1704 lUv. Jaiae.s lialfoaV, 
 
 M.A. 
 1782 Rev. Mr. liaiker. 
 1780 Rev. Jolm Cliiieh, M.D. 
 18'20 Uev. Atihrcy lU.orgo 
 
 Niaiioor, D.D. 
 
 1822 Rev. William IJullock, 
 
 D.I). 
 183(1 lU-v. William Nishett. 
 
 1842 Rev. 11. J. Fitz.ri.nild, 
 
 M..\. 
 1848 R.v. llcitrani Jones. 
 18,")i) lU'v. 'I'liomas Martvn 
 
 Wood. 
 1853 Rev. Ik'iijamin Smith, 
 
 R.D. 
 1877 Rev Henry Diirilield. 
 INK) Kev. Henry Foster. 
 1883 Kev. Henry Chas. I[. 
 
 Johnson. 
 1889 Rev. William Weaver. 
 
 MlSSIONAIilKS AT FeUBY- 
 l.ANL'. 
 
 IGIO Hev. I'.rasmus S'onrton. 
 1748 Kev. K.hvard Lanvr-nan, 
 
 M.A. 
 1791 Rev. Sanniel Cole. 
 1799 Kev. John Din-rle. 
 1802 Kev. Henry Wood. '"' " 
 1819 Rev. Aaiirey George 
 
 Spencer, H.A. 
 
 1823 Rev. Charks IJIaekman, 
 
 M.A. 
 1827 Rev. I'eter Perriiig. 
 1839 Rev. William Itowman. 
 
 1843 Rev. William J. Hoyles. 
 
 185 
 
 -Chronological List of Clergy 
 
 \r.K, Kev. G. C. Jeuuer. m,; ,> 
 
 l«02Rev. Lewis Amadeus ^" 
 
 -Mis|)ach. 
 1813 Rev. Fiederiek Carrin'r. 
 
 ton, li.A. "^ 
 
 1818 Kev. John Leigh, Episeo- 
 
 ]>al Commissary. 
 1822 Rev. John IJuvt. 
 1833 Rev. James Shreve 
 1837 Kev. S. Mnsson. 
 
 1842 itev.Georg,! J. Addison, 
 
 1843 Rev. George Barinnr 
 
 CI " o 
 
 owan. 
 
 1845 Rev. .[(dm Cha|>inaM. 
 
 18;.() Uev. Henry Pnrden 
 
 Disney. 
 
 18."il Kev. litrtrain Jones. 
 
 1877 Uev. .Jolm .Monk Noel. 
 
 !7- . "'nry Harris 
 
 Hamilton, li.A. 
 Uev. Augustus E. C 
 
 Bavlv. 
 18«I li-v.'ljohert Temple. 
 18G4 Kev. John M„nk NOel 
 18G8J{ev. iiemy Muynard 
 
 ■Skiuuer. 
 1870 Itev. Charles Rock 
 
 West. 
 1873 Rev. Cornelius Martin 
 
 Ellnighani. 
 1875 Key. Arthur Charles 
 
 Wajrhorne. 
 
 TVVILI.INOATH. 
 
 181G Kev.— Lee. 
 
 1819 Uev.— Langhorue. 
 
 1822 Uev. — R„l|„ek. 
 
 1823 l!ev. 
 
 - C 
 
 >ni)iui in. 
 
 Pl.ACKNTIA. 
 
 1787 Uev. — Harries. 
 1790 Kev.-. Evans. 
 
 1819 J{ov. — (Spencer? 
 
 Hl-aut's Content. 
 1827 Kev. Otto Weeks. 
 l'^29 Kev. J. Moore. 
 1H3(; Uev. — Hamilton. 
 1811) Uev. — Lind. 
 
 Rav KonuKTs. 
 
 Rev. Oldvald Howell. 
 
 Caimionkau. 
 
 1820 Uev. -liuit. 
 Uev.— Fitzgerald. 
 
 1815 Kev 
 
 HiiltlN. 
 
 — Grantham. 
 
 St. JonN's Our- 
 
 HAItl!()i:ii. 
 
 1822 Uev. C. niaekman. 
 
 1823 Uev. — Laughorne. 
 1829 Kev. — IVrriug. 
 1829 Kev. T. li,),me. 
 18.i2Uev.T, M.Wood. 
 1840 Rev. — Addison. 
 
 GnEEN'81-OXI). 
 
 Re\'. — Coster. 
 
 Uev. T. M. Wood. 
 
 Rev. — Gilchrist. 
 
 I'OIIT 1)K GitAVE. 
 
 1827 liev. C. lilaekman. 
 1839 Kev. — Viears. 
 
24 
 
 CHUUCII OF ENGLAND IN NEWFOUNDLAND. 
 
 II.— Church of England. 
 
 Cli'.iivli population, iis per census. 
 
 IH'Jl 
 
 - 09,823 
 
 l<.umbcr of Aiissions sinil 
 
 I'avishcH - . - - 51 
 
 !Nunil)er of VAcr^y - - 54 
 Number of Lay ]{ea(lers and 
 
 Catechists ... 141 
 Nunilier of Communicants - 12,000 
 Number of Cburches conse- 
 crated ... - 135 
 Number of I'arsor ages - 51 
 Number of Sunday Hcbools - 172 
 Number of Sunday Scholars- 11,000 
 Number of Sunday 'leachers !t3l 
 Number of Day Schools - 213 
 Number of Day School 
 
 Scholars - - - - 11,9-19 
 
 One Theological College endowed. 
 
 Amount collected for General 
 
 Church Fund - - - 
 j\ mount collected for Home 
 
 and Foreign Missions - 
 Amount collected by Women's 
 
 Home Mission 
 Amount collected for support 
 
 of Orphanages - 
 
 Endowment for Bishoprics 
 Eiulowment 
 
 College 
 Endowment 
 
 Fund - - - 
 
 for Special Mis 
 
 for Queen's 
 for Sustentation 
 
 for Clergy Pen- 
 
 Endowment 
 
 •sions - 
 
 Endo^ynlCIlt 
 
 sioii Fund 
 
 luulowment for Widows of 
 
 Clergy Fund - - - 
 
 Value cf Cathedral ai.d Churches 
 
 „ Schools . - - 
 
 „ I'arsona'^ s - - 
 
 Glebes - . - 
 
 § 
 
 20,000 
 
 2,400 
 
 700 
 
 l,ij00 
 60,000 
 
 4G,500 
 
 12,000 
 
 1,000 
 
 6,500 
 
 2 1 000 
 500,000 
 80,000 
 65,000 
 20,000 
 
 Dkankhy of Avai-on. 
 
 Kev. Edward Hot wood, Archdvacou. 
 SI. John's Cathvil/al : 
 
 Rev. A. H. Brown, Hector. 
 
 ]^ev. .1. S. Thoujpson, M.A., Senior 
 
 Curate. 
 Rev. A. G. Hajly. H.A., .lunior Curate. 
 llev. W. Pilot, D.D., Succenlor. 
 St. Thomas'— llev. A. C. F. Woo<l, M. A ., 
 Rector. 
 
 .S7. Thomas'— Wcv. II. Dunfield, Curate. 
 St. Mary's— llcY. Edward Hot wood. 
 R.D., Hector. 
 
 7'«;..s«// and Fo.r Trap- Max. E. Col- 
 ley, Rev. 11. Marriott, H.A. 
 
 St. Johns Old ports— IWv. II. Elrington. 
 PorliKial Coin--\U'V. W. K. Smith. 
 Non-Parochial—\\<i\. Wm. I'ilot, D.D., 
 St. John's, General Inspector of ClMir(di of 
 England Schools. 
 
 ■ Theolojicid College— Ucv. C. Knapp, 
 B.A. 
 
 DkANKRV of CoNCKlTlON HaV. 
 
 Rev. R. H. Tavlor, U.D., liiir,;! Be.n. 
 nn(/n.s—\{(i\. R. II. Taylor, H.D. 
 Sidmon Corc—\{"\'. J. Darrell. 
 Porl-(lr-(wravc—Rtiv. T. G. Netten. 
 Bay Roberts — Rev. \N in. Shears. 
 Spaniards Bay — Rev. 1'. G. Snow. 
 New llarhonr, Trinity Bay — Rev. S. J. 
 Andrews. 
 
 Upper Island Coue-Wcv. J. S. Sander- 
 son. 
 
 Harbour Grace — Rev. J. M. Noel. 
 
 Harbour Grace {South Side) — Rev- 
 Jumcs White. 
 
 Carhonear — Rev. F. W. t'oUey. 
 
 Bay-de-Verds—\lcv. G. II. Holt, M.A 
 
 Dkaneky of T.unity Hav. 
 
 -, Rural Dean. 
 
 Diocese of Newfoundland. 
 
 Former Prelates— Awhxey George Spen- 
 cer, D.D., 1839. Edward Feild, D.D,, 1844. 
 James Butler Kelly, D.D., 1H76. 
 
 Present /y/.s-Ao/)— Right Revtrend Lle- 
 wellyn Jones,D.D., Lord Hislioi) of Newfound- 
 land", CouKccrated in St. Paul's Cathidral, 
 London, or. Festival of SS. I'hilip iiid James, 
 187H, by the Inte Archbishop Ta't. of Can- 
 terbury, the Hisliops of Ivondoii and Hereford, 
 and Bishop Kelly. 
 
 Archdeacon of NcufoHndland—lhiV, 
 Edward Botwood, R.D. 
 
 Commissaries in Eniiland—Rcv. Canon 
 Jones, M.A. , Hurneside, Kendal; Rev, J. J. 
 Curling, B.A., Hamble, Southampton. 
 
 Commissary in Bermuda — '.'"he Yen. J. 
 Lumley Loigh. 
 
 Hpv. 
 
 Heart's ( oulent—Rvv. H. C. Johnson. 
 Random — Kev. Henry I'etley. 
 Trinilii H'c.s^— Rev. W. Weaver. 
 Tiinit'y East— licv. G. II. Field. 
 Calalina — Rev. John G. Cragg. 
 
 Deaneiiv of Honavikta Hav. 
 
 Rev. Augustus K. C. Bayly, Rural Dean. 
 Bonavista — Rev, A. E (' Bayly, H.D., 
 iiud Itev. Horatio Reed. 
 
 Kiiu)s (^ -'(»■<;— Rev, William Kirby. 
 Goose Hay — Rev. T. R. Nurse, 
 Salvaije — Rev. C. Wood. 
 Greenspond — Rev. J. Aiitle. 
 
 Deankut of Nothe Dame Bay. 
 
 Rev, Robert Temple, Rural Dean. 
 Po(io—Rev. W.t;. White. 
 Tivillinyalc— llev. Robert Temple, R.D. 
 
CHURCH OF ENGLAND IN 1891. 
 
 2r, 
 
 Dbaneiiy of NoTiiF Dame Bay — cont. 
 
 Herriny Neck — Uuv. G. S. Chamber- 
 lain. 
 
 Exploits -Rev. A. C. Waghoine. 
 
 Little Bay— licv. A. rittman. 
 
 Whilf liny , M,.. A. 
 
 Coffni, Ciitechist. 
 
 Deaneky of P1.ACENTIA Bay. 
 
 — — , liural Dean. 
 
 Harbour Biiffett—litv. K, K. II. Cald- 
 
 well. 
 
 Bull. 
 
 J5wrin— Rov. John Hewitt. 
 Lamaline — Rev. F. T. R. Smith, 15.A. 
 Whitbourne and Placentia — Rev. J. II. 
 
 Deanery of Fortu.nh Bay 
 
 Rev. George Bishop, Rural Dean. 
 
 Harbour Briton — Rev. T. V. Qumton. 
 
 Hermitaye Bay— licv. George IJishoii, 
 R.D. 
 
 Bclleoram—Uev. Williiini Ilaynes. 
 
 Burgeo — Rev. Frank Smart. 
 
 Jiose Blanche — Rev. T. 1'. Massiali. 
 
 (Channel — Rev. Llewellyn Godiien. 
 
 St. Pierre — Rev. T. W. Temple (under 
 licence of tlie Bishop of Loudon). 
 
 Deankkv op Straits of Beli.e Isi.k. 
 
 ~ -. liural Dean. 
 
 St (ienryr'.i /},(y- Rev. Charles Jeflery. 
 
 Buy 0/ I.tlunds—Ucv. A. Oiirrie 
 
 B'Wie ,V,,y_l{ev. Charles W. Hollands. 
 
 Jiatllv Harbour y\y \y 
 
 I'itcluT, Catcchist. , - • . 
 
 Samltrirlt Unii m,. t 
 
 leks, Catcchist. 
 
 Strait nf IMte Isle M,. 
 
 G.Mifflin, Cattehist. 
 
 Rev. II. I'etley, Senior, ]SI.A., letircd. 
 
 Rev. J. Goddeii, unattached. 
 
 Theoi-ogical College. 
 
 Fi.siVo/-— 'Die Lord Bishop. 
 
 Principal— \\is\.Q. Knapp, li.A. 
 
 Council— 'Vhii Lord liishop, Rev. K. Rot- 
 wood, Rev. A. C. F. Wood, Rev. W. I'ilot, 
 Hev. J. S. Thompson, Sir J. S. Winter,' 
 K.C.M.G., Messr:. J. Outerbndge, W. n'. 
 Horwood 
 
 DiocKSAN Synod ov Newioi:xi.lani). 
 Executive Committee— T\k LovA Bishop 
 RevB. F,. Botwood, E. Colicy, H. Dmitiel'l', 
 Will. I'llot, A. C. F. Wood, ,1. S. Tlu.nlI,^„n 
 and Hon. A. W. Harvey, Sir J. S. Winter' 
 K.C.M.G., Han. (i. T. Rendcll, .[. VV. AVitlurs' 
 Hon. .Sir W. V. Whiteway, K.C.Jf.ti., W. b! 
 Grieve. 
 
 Secre<(jr//— Hon. G. T. Rendtli, 
 
 #■■ 
 
20 
 
 CHAPTER 11. 
 
 THE ROMAN CATHOLIC CHURCH IN NEWFOUNDLAND. 
 
 By the Moat Rev. M. F. Howley, D.D., 
 
 Jiishop of St. John'i. 
 
 The (larin^f exjiloicrsol' the fifteenth century were aiiiniated ahke by 
 the spirit of discovery and an ardent desire to Sjjread the gospel of Christ 
 and to convert tlie lieathen. We liave notices of catliolic priests and 
 friars accompnnyinj^f many of these early voyagers. 
 
 Italian monks (Augustinians) went wiih Cabot on his second voyage, 
 there were priests with the Portuguese, and in the early part of this 
 volume will be found notices of Biscayan clergymen accompanying 
 the Basque fishermen to Terra Nova. Cartier mentions having mass 
 celebrated at Brest, Labrador, in 1534. 
 
 There are no otluu* records of Catholic worship in Newfoundland 
 until we come down to Lord Baltimore's settlement at Firryland in 
 1()23. He expended a very hirge sum of money on his colonization 
 scheme. In l(i27, when he first visited Ferryland, he was accompanied by 
 three priests, named Smith, Hackett, and Longville. These priests " said 
 " mass every Sunday at Ferryland and used all other ceremonies of the 
 " church of Home, in the am|)le manner as it is used in Spain," so says 
 the Puritan divine, the Rev. Erasmus Stourton. Baltimore's colony tailed 
 like all its predecessors, and the next event in the history of the Catholic 
 Church in the Colony is the establishment of the French in Placentia, 
 16ij2. We gather from the English records, and from French sources, 
 that there was a small chapel, several priests, and one at least always 
 in residence during the winter from the early foundation of Plaisance. 
 
 The formal establishment of the Franciscan Friars at Placentia by 
 Bishop St. Valliei- of Quebec took place in 1GS9. In 1G86 Governor 
 Parat, in sending to France for his winter supplies, mentions " 10 lbs. 
 " of wax candles for the altar." In the official letter of Bish'p 
 St. Vallier to the Franciscans he sp(,'aks of " tl;e chapel which has been 
 " consecrated to God in the said town." ^ The Franciscan Church iu 
 
 ' This cliajiel appears in tin; curly plan of I'lacuutia facing p. 248. 
 
UISHOP (VDONEL. 27 
 
 Placentia seems to liave disappeared with the evacuation oftiu' place liy 
 the French after the Treaty of Utrecht in 1713, and all fuithor attempt 
 at forming any permanent religions .settlement seems to have been 
 abandoned. A Memoir ol' the di.icose of Qurbee at the year 17!)t 
 contains the following remark, " Since the peace of ITGo the Islands of 
 ' St. Pierre and Micpielon havebrcn subject to a Prefect Apostolic. *S'o»ie 
 " travellers report that there is one also in Newfoundland." Quebec 
 had evidently lost all rapport with Newfoundland in ecclesiastical 
 matters. About the middle of the century (1750) tlie innuigration 
 from Ireland (principally from Waterfurd, Kilkenny, and Tipi)erafy) 
 began to assixme considerable proportions, and though they had no 
 regularly organised ecclesiastical government, we learn from the ])t'nal 
 enactments of the governors of the times, agauist acts of Catholic 
 worship, that there were priests in the Island. 
 
 Wo find that towards the last decade of the century the Catholic 
 population of tlic country had increased to nearly twenty thousand, 
 and there were some six or seven priests in the country. Hence, by 
 the year 1784, it was thought that the poi)uhition had taken sutliciently 
 permanent root to demand an oflicial recognition frou) Home. 
 
 In this year then, 1781', we may date the birth of the Catholic churcli 
 
 in Newfoundland. The Rev. James Louis O'Donel, O.S.R, a native of 
 
 Knocklofty, co. Tipperary, Ireland, was appointed Prefect Apostolic of 
 
 the Island by Pope Pius VI. He was a wise and prudent man, and 
 
 thoiudi his assumption of a dignity conferred by the Pope was naturally 
 
 considered an audacious act of " Papal aggression" by the over-zealous 
 
 governors of th3 time, yet by his mildness and firnmess he lived it all 
 
 down, and became a great favourite with all classes. He was elevated 
 
 to the Episcopal dignity in 1790, and consecrated hi Quebec by Bishop 
 
 Hubert. He built the " Old Chapel " and " Ol.l Palace," visited the 
 
 diocese, and drew )ip a set of diocesan statutes. By his prudence he 
 
 move than once quelled the turbulent spirits of his ilock, yoaded by 
 
 persecution, and his services were acknowledged and rewarded by the 
 
 British Government. After a laborious pn.storate of twenty-two years 
 
 he retired to Ireland in 180G. He received a most complimentary 
 
 address and presentation from the merchants and peopV generally on 
 
 leaving, and his departure was universally regretted. 
 
 H^was succeeded by the Right Rev. Patrick Lambert, also a member 
 of the Order of St. Francis, who held the reins of Ecclesiastical Govern- 
 uient for ten year.. During this time the penal restrictions were 
 considerably relaxed, and the population of the place rapidly increase.!, 
 and society generally began to advance in all the amenities of civihzed 
 and social life ; schools .)f various denominations were established. In 
 
28 
 
 ROMAN CATHOLIC CIIUJICII IN NEWFOUNDLAND. 
 
 tlie year 1807 tlie Benevolent Irish Society was fbrnied, and, though 
 non-iKiiomiiiational in character, it soon bocanic practically a Roman 
 Catholic body. Its object was two-fold, charity' and education. Under 
 its auspicies the Or|dian Asylum was built, and schools opened, which 
 have never ceased down to the present day to diffuse the benefits of a 
 sound moral and religious education. Dr. Lambert made a visitation 
 of Conception Bay and the southern shore. Ho enlarged the " Old 
 Palace " and increased the number of priests to seven, and several small 
 churches were erected during his episcopacy. He returned to Ireland 
 in 1817 and died there. 
 
 He was succeeded by Right Rev. Dr. Thos. Scallan, O.S.F., a native 
 of Wexford, who was the first bishop who died in Newfoundland (1829). 
 He increased the number of priests to ten. He visited Rome in 1827, 
 and made a visitation of the diocese as far west as Burin. 
 
 BOMAN CATHOLIC CATII HDUA I,, SI. JOHN'S. 
 
 On October 28th, 1829, Father Michael AntlKiUy Fleming, O.8.F., 
 WJiH consecrated as coadjutor and successor to Dr. Scallan, in the " Old 
 Chapel." Tills was the first time this religious function had been 
 performed in Newfoundland. ISishop Fl filing immediately set to work 
 to divide the Island into regular missions or pai'ishes. He secured nine 
 additional priests from Ireland. He visited as far west as Bay Despair, 
 and gave a great impetus to (iducational matters, especially by the 
 introduction of the Presentation Nuns in 1883. He had built for them 
 a beautiful convent, which was burnt in the fire of 184G. After a 
 hard struggle with the Imperial authorities, he secured the plot of land 
 
IMSirOP MULLOCK. 20 
 
 on which the Ciithednil now sbinds, und on thi' 2()Lh of May LS41 ho 
 hiid tlitj foundation stone of that ina^niiticfnt building', wluch l)eforo his 
 death was so far advanced towards conipUtion that he cclehratod the 
 tirst Mass in it on the festival of the Ei)iphany (January 0th), 1850. 
 In 1842 he introduc(!d tlic Sifters of Mercy Nuns, whose ohject is to 
 visit tlie poor and sick, iind to teach a liigher or(k'r of education. He 
 built the monastery of Belvedere, where he died full of works and 
 merits on the I4th Jvdy LS50. In 1825 there were sixty thou.siind 
 inhabitants in the Island, of whom twenty-tive thou.sand were 
 Catliolics. 
 
 Dr. Fleming's health beginning to fail, he asked t'<ir a coadjutor, 
 
 and Father John Thomas Mulioek, of the same Serapliic Order, was 
 
 appointed. He was consecrated in Rome, by Cardinal Franzoni, on the 
 
 27th December 1847, and arrived in St. John's the Gth May 1848. Ho 
 
 was a man of rare ability, vast erudition, and great strength of 
 
 character. He ruled the Church for twenty years, and it may Ije said 
 
 that the ecclesiastical ati'airs took giant strides under liis energetic 
 
 government. He made several episcopal visitations to the remotest 
 
 parts of the Island, visiting St. George's Bay and the French 
 
 shore, for the first time, in 1849, and circumnavigating the Island 
 
 in 1850. Under his episcopate the cathedral was completed, and 
 
 adorned with its grand altar, its numerous statues, paintings, and 
 
 other rare works of art. He built the New Palace, Episcopal Library, 
 
 St. Bonaventure's College, the two convents for the Presentation and 
 
 Mercy Nuns ; the whole ibrming a group unicpie for grandeur of site ■ 
 
 and beauty ox architecture. The cost of these splendid buildings was 
 
 not less than 120,000/. (■^000,000). When he came to the country 
 
 there were twenty-four priests in the Island ; at his death there were 
 
 thirty-five priests, fourteen convents, and sixty-five churches and 
 
 chaijels. The cathedral was consecrated on Siiptumber 9th, 1855, on 
 
 which occasifjn Archbishop Hughes of New York and several of the 
 
 Canadian bishops attended. At this time, al.^o, the foundation stone of 
 
 the Church of St. Patiick, at Iliver Head, St. John's was laid by the 
 
 distinguished American Prelate. In 1850 Dr. Mullock had the Island 
 
 divided into tv/o dioceses, St. John's and Harbour Grace. Father John 
 
 Dalton was consecrattd by Bishop Mullock, in the Cathedral of 
 
 St. John's, as fiist bishop of Harbour Grace. The nuud»er of Catliolics 
 
 in the Island in 1857 was fifty-seven thousand. 
 
 In St. Bonaventure's College, besides the secular school which took 
 the place of the ohl Koman Catholic Academy, there was an Ecclesiastical 
 Department, and soon several natives of the country were prepared for 
 the priesthood. Dr. Mulleck was author of many learned and interesting 
 
80 
 
 Il<>.MAN CATHOLIC CllUKCUI IN NEWFOUNDLAND. 
 
 lusiinp POWER. 
 lly S. II. I'aritins. 
 
 lectures and pamplilets, which were publi^jhed from time to time. He 
 also is credited with being tlie iirst to orij^inato the idea of the 
 Transathmtic Tek-graph Cable, and the Harb(nu' Grace Railway. He 
 died ill St. John's on Easter Monday, 2!)th March, I8G9. 
 
 Bishop Mullock wag succeeded by the late Right Rev. Thos. 
 Jos. Power, who Vvas consecrated by His Eminence Cardinal Cullen, 
 
 Arch1)ishop of Dublin, at the Church of St. 
 Agatha's, Irish College, Rome, on Trinity 
 Sunday, June 12th, 1870. The new bishop 
 had already passed a distinguished cai'eer in 
 Ii-eland. He was bom in New Ross, co. Wex- 
 ford, in 1830. Ho was Canon of the Cathedral 
 in Dublin, and President of the Diocesan Semi- 
 nary atClonliffe. He had ac([uired great renown 
 as a powerful and eloquent pulpit oi'ator, and 
 had gained University honours in London. He 
 was a most polished and courtly prelate, and 
 well fitted to fill tlio now important See of 
 St. John's. He found before him a churcli 
 flourishing in all its ecclesiastical departments, 
 a grand catheilral, a palatial residence, a devoted, zealous, and dis- 
 tinguished body of clergy, convents, schools, orphanages, and all the 
 institutions of a thoroughly organised diocese, all of which were 
 worthily maintained, increased, and developed during his long and 
 successful episcopate. 
 
 He arrived in St. John's on September 9th, 1870. By a happy 
 coincidence the Church was en fete in honour of the anniversary of tiie 
 consecration of tlie cathedral. The triumphant reception which he 
 received was worthy of the noble and faithful people of Newfoundland. 
 He died on the 4th December 1893, thus his episcopate lasted over 
 twenty-three years, being the longest on the list of our hierarchical tree. 
 During this long reii^n he encouraged all ecclesiastical and educational 
 matters. He i*aised to a height of particular grandeur the music aiid 
 ritual of the cathedral, and while thus caring for the ajsthetic beauties 
 of the catholic worship he did not neglect the material needs of the 
 edifice and comforts of the congregation, having secured at a large 
 expense the heating of the vast building by a hot-water system. He 
 completed and dedic.ited the Gothic church of St. Patrick's, River 
 Head, and several substantial and elegant churches were erected in 
 dilfcient outpoits. The great glory of his episcopate is the intro- 
 duction of the Ciiristian Bi'othcis as teacheis of the Benevolent Irisli 
 Society's schools, and the erection by the same Society of their hall 
 
lilSlloP I'OW Kll, 
 
 81 
 
 un.l schools on the site of the ohl 0,pl,an Asyhii,,. This hall w.s 
 hurnt down in the great Hre of 1S!)2, bat i. a.^.iin n.-aring complete 
 restoration on a still grai»aor scale. The brol.h.rs have als.) schools at 
 liiver Plead, and teach at present some nine hnndre<l hoys. Th.-.r,,,up of 
 ecclesiastical buildings in the capital has also been increased%.y the 
 line residence of the brothers at Mount St. Francis, the coninio^lious 
 Orphiinago ut Belvedere, the Presbytery and Conv.-nt at River Head, 
 and the beautiful Chapel of the Sacred Heart at the Mercy Couv.wl' 
 in all respects the diocese has made great progress. Theie are thirty 
 priests, sixteen convents, two orphanages. 'Jhu Catholic population is 
 forty-five thousand. 
 
 Catholicity! in Newfoundland owes a d-Xip doljt of gratitiide to the 
 old priests of the diocese ; these devoted pioneers had to suH;-,r hardships 
 as good soldiers of Christ, to conquer difficulties unknown to the priisent 
 generation. Fifty years ago tlie toils of travel were such as would 
 appal the present generation, accustomed to railways, 
 fine coastal steamers, good roads and the telegrai)!). 
 Amongst the pioneers of the Holy Fidtli, the best 
 remembered in our day was Dean Cleary, familiarly 
 known all over the southern shore as the "Dane."' 
 He was not only a devoted priest, an eminent church 
 builder, you couhl tell you were e'ltcring his parish 
 by the splendid roads; every public work in his 
 great parish was under his personal superintendence. 
 For over half a century he ministered to the 
 spiritual wants of his flock, rich and poor ; dkan clkart. 
 
 Protestants and Catholics had eiiunl love and esteem HuJ.Vcu. 
 
 for the good dean ; the noble churches and convents 
 erected by his vuiwearied za^xl arc the perennial monument to his sainted 
 memory. The dean was fond of recounting his labours and toil iiv tlie 
 old days. Once when he was telling of his conversions Bishop Mullock 
 said to him, "What's the use of your telling us about Witless Bay and 
 " the Williamses, and all the converts you made ? why, if you had stnyed 
 " in King's Cove you would have made all Bonavista Bay Catholic." 
 
 Time would fail to speak of all the good work done by Father 
 Troy, builder of the churches at The Cove and Torbay, of Father Dalton 
 or Dean Mackin in Brigus, of Father Kyran Walsh and his amiable 
 successor Rev. Jeremiah O'Duunell in Harbour Main, of Fathei' (London's 
 
 ' The foUowiiif; piiragraphs down to the ("oinmi'iiccment of the description of Harbour 
 Grace Diocese hiive l)een lidded liy iiic to liishop llowlcy'fi excellent paper on the Catholic 
 Chuich iu Newtoundlaud with his full approval.— D.W.l". 
 
;i2 HUMAN CATHOLIC CIIUIICII IN NEWFOUNDLAND. 
 
 £,'r(!at works in Placen\.ia, and Father Richard O'Donncll's t-niinent 
 service to the church at St. Mary's, of Father li(!arn, the zeahius apostle 
 to the Alicinac Inthaiis, of Father Ward and Father Brown in Tilton 
 Harbour and Fogo, and of other devoted priests known to our fathers. 
 I must hasten on to recount some of the good work performed for our 
 Holy Church by the younger clergy. Amongst the great church 
 builders of our own time, three young native priests are eminently 
 distiugiushed. Bishop Howley has very modestly ignored his own work 
 at the Belvidere Orphanage and on the west coast, but his praise as an 
 energetic and devoted priest is in all the churches. The most remark- 
 able example of iseal and successful carrying out of Catholic institutions 
 in the colony is the career of Father Morris, cut oft" in the midst of his 
 labours ; never since the apostolic age was th.ere a priest who gave 
 liiniself so entirely body and soul to the service of the Church; no 
 ditKculty daunted him, obstacles that would have paralysed a feebler 
 worker never (luenched his zeal or stopped his onward path. Tlie noble 
 Church at Oderin, the beautiful Chapel at Mimuels, Villa Nova, all btar 
 
 8ALM0NIEU CIIUGCII. 
 
 Vluito by Parsons. 
 
 testimony to his devotion to the sacrcl cause of religion. No man ever 
 so literally fulfilled the Divine injunet'on " Be not weary in well doing." 
 The most unselfish of men, he literally wore himself out ; the worries, the 
 perplexities, the incessant labour he imposed on liis enfeebled frame 
 paralysed at last the unselfish zeal and fiery energy that only death 
 could conquer. Father Monis was a liberal of liberals, one of the 
 earliest promoters of the railway; his lectures and his literary remains 
 all bear the hall mark of genius. 
 
 Father St. John of Salmonier, aniongst the younger clergy, is a wortl)y 
 follower of Dean Cleary ; he attends both to the spiritual and temporal 
 
FATIIKK CLAllKK. 33 
 
 needs of lii.s piimliionors witl. unboundctl gcneiWity. Ho has expeiKk-d 
 from his privato means on tlio biiildinjj an.l improvenioiit of the 
 bcautilul churches that adorn the h)vely estuary ol" Sahnonler, and has 
 been eijually enerfretie in the; promotion of i-oads and the improvement 
 of aj,'ricultare amon;,rHt his Hock. Father Chuke's good work at Tni hay 
 is well known to all. Both in tlie erection of churches ami the moral 
 improvement of his people his Reverence is another signal example of 
 the beiiefits conferred on our Catholic people by a pious, amial)le, and 
 energetic priest. 
 
 A short time before the decease of Bishop Power, the Ilight Rev. 
 Thomas F. Biennan, D.D., was sent here as his assistant. 'I'ho 
 young prelate is distinguished for his great learning; his amiable aiul 
 unassuming manner won for him many friends in the diocese. 
 At Bishop Power's death the spiritual welfare of the ilock wius 
 entrusted by the Holy Father to the care of the Very Rev. J. Scott, 
 as administrator of the diocese pending the advent of a new bishop. 
 The genial and pious administrator is a universal favourite, and 
 under his wise counsels the affairs of the diocese will be well 
 directed. We still happily retain tlie Venerable Archdeacon Ftn-ristal ; 
 may ho long be spared to aid us by his deep learning and profoun<l 
 experience. Of the elocjuence and popularity of Dean Ryan, the 
 devoted pastor of St. John's, West, and the younger clergy. Dr. Ryan 
 and Dr. O'Reilly, it would be supeifluous to dwell on their good 
 qualities. They are well known to all the Catholic people of St. John's, 
 to whom thoy are endeared by the cherislierl ties which link together for 
 time and eternity the devoted Catholic priest and the (Jatholjc people. 
 
 The Catholic Church in this Colony was founded by poor Irishmen, 
 and by Irishmen only, with no extraneous help ; it was begun in an evil 
 time of persecution and penal laws, when the Catholic priest was 
 hunted like a bandit, when all outward ohservances of the faith were 
 prohibited under the direst pains and punishments ; for years it was only 
 anddst the lonely rocks and under the canopy of heaven that the ]loly 
 Sacrifice of the Mass could be ofi'ered up by the sorely pei-secuted clergy. 
 Tf) human eyes the Catholic Church in the Colony seemed a very poo)' 
 institution, despised and rejected of men. Outwardly she might ap|)ear 
 feeble and failing, but sho was growing strong with a Divine strength 
 resting on the sure foundation of the eternal Rock of the Faith, 
 The puny seed planted by these poor Catholic Irishmen in Newfound- 
 land, watered by Divine grace, has grown into a great tree, a devoted 
 and noble branch of the Holy Church, under whose heneficent intiuence 
 piety and charity, pure religion, morality and the blessings of a Christian 
 education have been spread over our land. Since this paper was in 
 
 / p. 2729. C 
 
84 
 
 nOMAN CATHOLIC CIIUUCII IN NKWFOUNDLAND. 
 
 print, Bishop Howloy lias been appointed to the (liocese of St. John's, 
 the first native Catholie l)islif,p. 
 
 In 185(5 ' the iioi thorn part of tiie Cohmy was erected into a 
 diocese under the title of Harbour Grace. The lliglit Ilcv. Dr. Dalton, 
 
 as mentioned above, was its first bishop. He 
 died in May 18(50, five weeks after Bishop 
 Mulloclv. His episcopate of thirteen yeiirs 
 was peaceful and full of good works, the 
 principal of which was the erection of the fine 
 cathedral at Harbour Giace. Bishop Dalton 
 was succeeded by the Rijfht Rev. Henry ( 'ar- 
 fagnini, an Italian fiiar of the Order of 
 St. Francis. He had been previously President 
 of St. Bonaventure's College, St. John's. A man 
 of great talent and learning, his Lordship was 
 promoted, after ten year-i of episcopate,, to the 
 diocese of Gallipoli, in Italy. He completed and 
 embellished the cathedral of Harbour Grace, 
 adding the cupola and transei)ts. This fine buildii.g was burnt down 
 in September 1889, but has been rebuilt on a new and improved plan 
 by the present energetic bishop. 
 
 IIIMIIor DAI.TON. 
 
 Jly Ailmiis, llarhoui' 
 Qraee, 
 
 
 FinST nOMAN CATHOLIC CATHBDllAL, HAUllOUlt OUACK. 
 
 The Right Rev. Dr. Ronald McDonald, the third bishop of tlie Sec, 
 came to Newfoiuulland in 1879 from Pictou, N.S., where he had 
 
 ' Bishop Howle.y's narrative rocoinineiiti'S lioru. 
 
Jjisiiui' McDonald. 
 
 33 
 
 Loon for many years parish priest. His great learning an.l adniinis- 
 tiativo ability, /oal an.l in.lifatigable energy, his prudence an.l charity, 
 were not unknown to tho authorities in Rome, and he was cli.)Hen as 
 the one best fitted to remove the dillicuities which had distracted the 
 
 CATlIIiDItAL, UAUIlOt'U OUACK. 
 
 From a phultiuraph hit J. Vcii. 
 
 dioc('H.j of Tfarhour Grace. The hopes then cherished were filly 
 realised. He soon succeeded in restoring pjace, with all its hlessings. 
 Of his episcopate, in which he still hol.ls honoured and active rule, it is 
 
 enough to .say that he has displayed in a still 
 more marked manner, in his new and wi.ler 
 sphere, those virtues and energies already alluded 
 to. He has studded the diocese with churches, 
 schools, and instituti.ms, and is still actively 
 engaged in the work. There are in the dioccso 
 twenty-one priests, forty-four churches, ei^'.ity- 
 five stations, five convents, twenty-five nuns, 
 ninety schools and a population o^" twenty-nine 
 thousand. 
 
 i'i,.,t„ijuXotm.,n. The we^torn part of the island, conipri,smg 
 
 the French shore, had been obliged to depend, 
 u[) to the year IHoO, on the chaplains of the French navy and fishing 
 fleet for its s]>iritual attendance, Occasionally a priest was sent to 
 visit it from Quebec. In 1849 Bishop Mullock visited it for the first 
 time, and in the following year secured for the people the services 
 of a stationa'-y ckrgyman in the person of the Rev. Alexia Belauger, 
 who was appointed Vicar-General of the diocese of St. John's. He 
 died at Sandy Point, St. George's Bay, on tho 7th September 18G8, 
 
 c 2 
 
 ^^^■Hf 
 
 H^ 
 
 ^^^^^N 
 
 w 
 
 P^l^' 
 
 •■ yl'. 
 
 
 > tt'.i 
 
 ^■^^*? 
 
 i^'* 
 
 ^^^^^BflFfil 
 
 i 
 
30 
 
 ROMAN CATHOLIC CHURCH IN NEWFOUNDLAND. 
 
 and was buried at Quebec. He was ouceeoded by the Right Rev. 
 Monsignor Sears, of the diocese of Antigoiiisli, who, in 1870, was 
 created Prefect Apostolic, thua taking the region out of the juris- 
 diction of St. Jt)lin's. Monsignor Sears was a most cneigetic ami 
 cnthu'^iastic prohite. Besides building several churclies, schools, and 
 pr(;sbyteries, and establishing a regular staff of clergy on the shore, he 
 was the tii-st who, by his lectures and vigorous lettei-s to the press, drew 
 the attention of the Government officials of St. John's and England to 
 the state of that part of the Island, to its great natural resources and 
 future ijrospects. He was the pioneer of the system of public roads on 
 
 the coast, and by his efforts secured 
 for it representation in the Legis- 
 lature, the establishment of mails, 
 police, and custom service, &c. He 
 died at Stellar ton, N.S., on November 
 7th, 1885, and is buried in the family 
 vault at Lochaber, Antigonish. He 
 was succeeded in (he Prefecture 
 Apostolic by the Rev. Dr. M. F. 
 Howley, of St. John's. In April 
 1892 the Prefecture was elevat^xl 
 another step in the hierarchy and 
 made a Vicariate, the Prefect being 
 appointed Vicar Apostolic and Titular 
 Bishop of Ama-stris. The Right Rev. 
 Dr. Howley was consecrated by 
 Bishop Power, of St. John's, in the 
 cathedral of that place, on St. John's 
 Day (June 24th) 1892, being the first 
 native of Newfoundland elevated to the episcopal dignity. During 
 the past eight years the French shore has develoj)ed ra])idly ; several 
 churches, presbyteries, and schools have been erected, and in 1893 a 
 community of Sisters of Mercy was introduced. There are now in th(> 
 Vicariate six priests, two convents, tea sisters, thirty-four church(>s, 
 sixty-nine stations, twenty schools, and about six thousand five hundred 
 of a population. The total Roman Catholic population of the Island, 
 by the census of 1891, is over seventy-two tlumyaiul, 
 
 ST. PATBICK'S ClIUllClI, CAIUIOSBAU. 
 
 From a ijlwtoaraph by E. Parsons. 
 
 The group of islaiuls comprising St. Pierre, Langlade, Micpielon, and 
 Ile-aux-Chiens was fully ceded to (he French by the Treaty of Pai-is, 
 1763. In that year there was a curd there, the Rev. M. Paradis, who 
 was sent from Quebec. In 1770 the Rov. M. Bequct was there as 
 
BISHOP noWLEY. 
 
 Prefect Apostoli^. At tl.e time of the French Revoh.tion (1793) there 
 w re two priests ,u 8t. Pierre and one in Miquelon. The oa h of 
 
 A a.n) efused to take tl.e oath and escaped to Arichat. Pere Lon^ue- 
 V lie took the oath and .en.aincd. At this time the island was taken by 
 the Engl.sh and ocaxpunl by then, till 1816. when it was again ceded to 
 Irance by the treaties of Paris an.l Vienna. A priest of tl>e diocese ot' 
 Eennes, Iranco the Rev M. Olivier, was sent out in LS15 as A^Ii . 
 t ator ; since then there have been four Prefects Apostolic. In 1842 
 the freres des ecoles Chretiennes were introduced. They have a very tine 
 budding, and about three hundred pupils in the communal schools 
 Ihere is also a pcmton for young ladies, under the Sisters of St Joseph 
 de C uny. an asylum for children, maritime hospital, girls' 'asyhim 
 mdustrial home, &c., all under charge of the Sisters. The present 
 Prefect Apostolic is the Right Rev. Monseigneur Tib(<ri. There are four 
 priests. The (Jatholic population is. In summer, twenty thousand in 
 winter, eight thousand. ' 
 
;{8 
 
 CIIAPTEll III. 
 
 THE METHODIST CHURCH IN NEWFOUNDLAND. 
 
 By Rev. James Dove, D.D. 
 
 The history of Methodism in Newfoundland dates from the year 
 1705, one yea;- earlier than its epoch in the United States. The t;tory 
 of its rise, progress, and present position is briefly told in the followiii;^ 
 paragraphs. It is a noteworthy fact that it was the first nii.ssion 
 ground ever occupied by the Methodist Church. Mr. Wesley, having 
 heard of the spiritual destitution of the colonists, was very desirou.s to 
 furnish religious instruction for tliein. At his instance, supported by 
 the Countess of Huntingdon, Laurence Conghlan uas s<'nt to New- 
 foundland by " The Society for the Propagation of the Gospel in 
 Foreign Parts." lie was born in Ireland, and after his cunvtrsion, 
 being called to the work of the miixistry, he laboured ten years as a 
 tiavelling preacher in connexion with Mr. Wesley. Complying with 
 Wesley's i-equest, the Bishop of London ordained Coughlan, who sailed 
 from England and arrived at IIarl)our '^'"aee, Conception Bay, New- 
 foundland, in 1705. Th.ough now a clergyman under the auspices of 
 the aforenamed Society, he was still a Methodist preacher, both in 
 doL'trine and discipline, and to hia evangelical labours Methodism owes 
 its origin in Newfoundland, 
 
 When he entered upon his missionary work not a school was known 
 in the Island, nor was a single temple raised to the worship of Almighty 
 God, except one in St. John's, more especially for the use of those 
 employed in the military and naval services. " Men who had come 
 " from England had never seen a minister since they left their native 
 " shores ; and most of those who had been born on the Island had 
 " never known one in their lives ; the need of a zealous missionary 
 " was great, and few men were better adapted for the work than the 
 " man now sent." During seven years Mr. Coughhin pursued his 
 solitary labours, sufFeiing, much of the time, severe persecutions. He 
 was prosecuted in the higliest court of the Island, but was actpiitted ; 
 abusive letters were written to England against him; a physician was 
 
J{EV. L, COUGKLAN. ;}!) 
 
 ongafroJ to poison him, but, becoming converted, exposed the diabolical 
 design. Meanwhile, as the success of the n)issionaiy increased, the fury 
 of his enemies became more violent. Tlioy had him summoned before 
 the Governor, a discerning and resolute officer, who nut only aaiuitted 
 him, but made him a justice of the peace. His opposers were now 
 reduced to silence, and the persecuted preacher pursued his labours 
 with, increased otfect. His health at last failed and he returned to 
 England, leaving behind him two hundred conmiunicants, little tiiinking 
 that besides their conversion he had also kindled a fire in the land that 
 should never be extinguished ; that a large Metho.bst community should 
 arise therein as the result of the seed which ho had sown ; that the 
 little church he had planted should be cared for, watched over, and 
 edified ; that in after years its members should be comited by 
 thousanils ; that its influence should be felt in the govt;rnment, and 
 its representatives should sit in the councils of the country ; and that 
 by the preaching of his successors, nuiltitudes should be " turned unto 
 the Lord " and l)e for ever saved. 
 
 After Coughlan's departure the Methodist Church in Conception 
 and Trinity Bays was kept together and ministered to by John Stretton, 
 an Iri^h merchant and local preacher, Arthur Thomey, and J. Pottle, 
 who were converted under Coughlan's ministiy ; and by John Hoskins 
 from England, who settled as a .schoolmaster in Old Pelican. In 17.S5 
 Mr. Wesley sent out John McGeary to occupy the vacant post. In 
 1791 the Island was visited by William Black, a missionary from Nova 
 Scotia, who reuiiiined six weeks. His success was verj"- marked ; the 
 drooping cause was revived. During his short stay he organized 
 Methodism in the Island, secured its Church property, and obtained 
 new labourers from Wesley. These carried on and exteiKhul the work. 
 In the year ISOM three missionaries appear in the minutes of the 
 English Conference as stationed in Newfoundland ; these were 
 J. Rennnington, \Vm. Ellis, Samuel McDowell, all Iri.shmen, noble 
 and faithful men. 
 
 In IHll the English Committee had asked their agents to pay 
 particular attention io St. John's. Definite action was, nevertheless, 
 delayed until the autunui of 1814, when those who had been awaiting 
 the appointment of a preacher in St. John's (strengthened by the 
 arrival of several families from Conception Bay) resolved to proceed 
 during the ensuing spring with the erection of a small churcli, which 
 unfortunately was destioyed in the fiery visitati(»u of February 12, 
 JSlti, when a tliousand human beings were rendiired homeless. 
 
 In 1815 tlie six missions of NewfountUand were formed into a district, 
 with William Ellis ehairmai.. In January I8l(j an important meeting 
 
K) METUOJJKST CIIUUCH IN NEWFOUNDLAND. 
 
 took place at Cnrbonoar, when John Gohsc, Esq., presided at a gathering 
 of the ministers and leading hiymen. They unanimously recommended 
 an extension of the work in different parts of the Island, and as a pi'oof 
 of interest in the issue of their rejiresentfitions, sevei'al laymen forwarded 
 neaily £31 sterling to the Missionary Committee in England, with a list 
 of the .suhscril)ers, which appeared in the report of 1<S17 as the lii-st 
 money ever forwarded from a Jiritish colony for mission work. At the 
 Conference of I.SIO, no leas than six ministers were selected for service 
 in the Island. 
 
 This extension of mission work took place at one of the darkest 
 ])eriodH in the financial history of Newfoundland. At the close of the 
 w^ar came the inevitable colIaj)sc. Famine, as a gaunt spectiv, haunted 
 the minds of many at Christmas, liSlO. The uimsual gloom was 
 deepened by the failure of tlie seal fishery of 1S17; yet greater troubles 
 were in store for one section of the Island ; two destructive fires in the 
 fall of the year destroyed vast amounts of property in St John's, and 
 rendered thousands of the inhabitants homeless. Of the distresses of 
 these dark days the Metluxlist missionaries were not mere spectators. 
 By the destruction of their first church in tire fire of 181 (J, which, 
 however, was rebuilt and opened on Christni.is Day of that year, and the 
 two fires of 1817, the congregation v.-as so scattered and financially 
 crippled as to be powerless to aid the trustees in meeting their 
 obligations, which included a debt of nearly ^2,000 on the church 
 biu'ned in 181(3. At this crisis the financial att'airs of the disti'ict weie 
 further complicated l)y the destruction of the large new church at 
 Carbonear in 1817. A burning shingle from a buildiirg was borne 
 nearly half a mile to a pile of shavings in the churchyard, and in a few 
 moments the townsfolk were sorely startled as they saw their new 
 sanctuary, built almost by themselves at a cost of more than £2,000, in 
 the relentless grasp of the flames. In these distresses an aj)Meal was 
 made to the Methodists of England, which resulted in the noble sub- 
 scription of over £2,000 sterling. 
 
 The aborigines of Newfoundlant! were not forgotteir by the 
 Methodist Missionary Committee in its plans for the evangelization 
 of the Island. 
 
 In 1809, at the request of Dr. Coke, Jolm Reinniington had gone in 
 search of these real natives, but through lack of i»reparation Tor a 
 diflieult and dangei'(^us task, failed tu find any representativcss of a 
 i-a])idly diminishing race. Eleven years later, when the story of their 
 nn'sfortune was atti-acting tlu; attention of English philanthi-opists;, they 
 received special mention hi the instructions forwarded by the Connnittee 
 
EXTENSION OF THE MISSION. 
 
 41 
 
 to their missionaries in tlie Island. These instnictions and effoi-ts were 
 to little purpose, for it is (piite proliahle tliat, with perhaps a few 
 exceptions, " the real aborigines of tlie Island were sleei)ing the sleep of 
 death." 
 
 For the spiritual welfare of some niemhers of other Indian trihcs, it 
 was not too late to devise plans. Attempts weie made to establish a 
 mission on the coast of Labrador, from Hopedale, the most southerly 
 station of the Moravian mii^sions, to the Straits of Belle Isle. Diflerent 
 missionaries visited this part of the coast for .iome years, but in the 
 report for iiS2i), it was said, "The Labrador Mission is for the present 
 " abaniloued, principally in consecpience of the removal of the Escpiimaux 
 " tribes from the coast into the interior of the country, und their general 
 " dispersion." Thirty years later, however, missionary work on the 
 Labrador was resumed, and is continued at the present time. From 
 the formation of the Newfoundland District in ISL5, the Society's 
 
 ^vl■:sLKYA^• ciiuiicii, ST. joh.n's. 
 
 operations were faithfully carried on with growing interest and success, 
 the chair of the district being occupied by such men as Ellis, Bell, 
 Pickavant, Williams, Botterell whose ability and wisdom commanded 
 for them genei'al respect. In the year 1855 another step in advance 
 was taken, and Newfoundland became a part of what was known as the 
 Conference of Eastern British America, comprising the provinces of 
 Nova Scotia, New Brunswick, Prince Edward Island, Newfoundland, 
 and the Islands of Beruuida. 
 
 After the or<'-iinization of the ih'W Conference, tlio work in Newfound- 
 laVKl i-eceived a fresh impetus. Adilitional mi.ssiouaries arrived from 
 Eu'dand, sent out by the parent Committei", who still regarded the 
 
12 
 
 METHODIST CllUilCH IN NEWFOUNDLAND. 
 
 missions in Newfoundland with fostciing care. In the year 1878, 
 tlio work having develoi)ed so hirgely, a re- arrangement of the circuits 
 and missions was deemed necessary, wliich lesulted in the formation of 
 two districts, hy the divisioi; and alteration of the one previ"usly large 
 district. Then, h\ 1874, tliere came another epoch in the history of 
 Methodism in Newfoundland. A plan for a united Metliodist Church 
 which should span the continent from ocean to -ocean, being approved 
 of by the regularly constituted courts of the uniting churches, and 
 receivinjr also the cordiiil concurrence of the British C'onference, was 
 
 (lOWmt HTItHKT WKSI.KVW ClllMtCII, ST. .lOIINS. 
 
 carried into effect on Sei»t(^mber IGth, 1874, wlum the representatives of 
 ten annual conferences which had been previously organized, of wliich 
 number " the Newfoundland Conference" was one, met and constituted 
 the General Conference of " the Mefhodist Church of Canada," formed 
 by til ■ union of the former " Methodist (Jluirches of Cana.ila and Kasteni 
 British America" and of the former " New Connexion Methotlist Church 
 in Canada." - 
 
TlIK METHODIST CIIUllCH. 
 
 43 
 
 In 1883 a further union „f Mothodi.st IxxHcs in Canada took place, 
 when tho representatives of " the Methodist Church of Canada " " the 
 Metho.li.st Episcopal Church in Canada," "the Prindtive Methodist 
 Church ui Canmhi," and "the Bihle Cliristian Church in Cana.hi" 
 met in PielleviUe, Ontario, on SeptL-iuber otli, « to nin-jrc thi-ir pre- 
 " viously divided interests, and to prepare to go forth with tlic united 
 " front of one consolidated, influential, and a<rgressive Churcli, with tho 
 " nohle aim of spreading scriptural holiness throughout a vast' territory, 
 " and with tho high honour of having van.iuishc.l obstacles to a 
 " general union, which Methodists iu other lands had hitherto deemed 
 " insurmountable." 
 
 This comi)leted union of the various blanches of the Metliodist family 
 assumed the name of " the Methodist Church," and under this new 
 name the first Newfoundhmd Conference of the Methodist Church was 
 orgiaiized, according to Act of I'ailiament, in Cower Street Church, 
 St. John's, July 1st, 1884-. The Conference meets each year in the 
 month of June, and is composed of all the ministers in full connexion 
 and an equal number of laymen, elected by the laymen of the aimual 
 district synod. It has only executive powers, all legislation for tho 
 Church being enacted by the General Conference, composed of ministers 
 and laymen in equal numbers meeting quadrennially. 
 
 mix. J. s. riTTs, 
 
 UKY. llU. DUVIi. 
 
 HON. KllWAUl) WllllE. 
 
 Since the union of 1874 the history of Methodism in Newfoundland 
 has been marked by progress. Her financial economy has developed, 
 cliurches and parsonages have been multiplied, her evangelistic work has 
 been successful, her educational Avork has advanced. 
 
 " Accei)ting the denominational system so called, which in 1874 and 
 " 1875 was endorsed by the Legislature in accordance with the exj)ressed 
 " wish of the leailing denominations," she has striven, co-ope. \ting with 
 the Reverend Jjr. Milligaii, the able and zealous superintendent of 
 Methodist Day Schools, to provide educational advantages for her rising 
 
41 
 
 METHODIST CIlUKCir IN NEWFOUNDLAND. 
 
 youth, aud her efforts have been successful, as is evident from the 
 tblK)\vin<,' figures taken from the last report of the svfj)erintendeiit : — 
 Number of day schools, one hundred and forty-three; of teachers, one 
 hundred and forty; of scholars, nine thousand one hundred an<l tliirty- 
 one. These tigures do not include the teachers and students in the 
 College and the Carlionear Gramiuar School. 
 
 The erection of the new College buildings, replacing those destroyed 
 in the great fire of LS92, is indicative of her high purpose to furnish the 
 means for the superior and liberal education of the youth of the denomi- 
 nation, and others who may be wishful to avail the <'lves of the same. 
 These buildings, comi)riaing College, Principal's Resin and Home for 
 
 the acconnnodiit'on of non-resident students, and costing when com- 
 plete upwards of 3"0)0f^f^) "I'c most i)leasantly situated in a central 
 Icjcalit}', accessible to every part oH the city, and spread out their 
 extensive fi-ontnge of two hundred and sixty feet, commanding the 
 beautiful outlook of the incomparable Narrows and South Side Hills. 
 
 METnOniST COI.I.KOK. 
 
 The College has spacious class-rooms, well lighted, well heated, well 
 ventilated, and sup|)lied with modern desks, seats, &c. Tliese are for 
 kindergarten and model schools of primary department, also for the 
 use of classes in the College proper, besides laboratory, library, gj'ni- 
 n;<sia, young men's institute, &c. A lecture-hall, with music-rooms and 
 grand organ, is also provided ; chemical and scientific apparatus, ami 
 other efpii])nieiits necessnry for a liberal education, are ai'ranged for. 
 
 Aletlioilism in llu; Island owes much to the libei'ality and zeal of iier 
 intelligent laymen, working liarmoniously with the ministry, aiding in 
 her councils, and in many instances making noble and generous contri- 
 butions to the various de])artnien's of her wtnk. A mjble bequest of 
 
HOX C, K. AVU]-:. 
 
 45 
 
 ??15,000 was nuKle by tl.o lat. Hon. 0. R Ayre, tW the en-ction of a. 
 orphanage m St. John's for tho Motho.list orphans of X.wroun.linn.l. 
 llans tor the same have been adopted, un.l ere 
 long the buildin- will rise, a nionnnient to his 
 thouglitful and loving care for the fatherless. 
 
 The nanie of Joseph Laurence, Esci, of E,ist 
 Keswick, Yorkshire, an Enolish Methudist lay- 
 man, deserves to be placed on r.'cord as a true 
 friend of Newfoundland. Ho took a deep in- 
 terest in the evangelizaticjii thereof, kept up u 
 long and intimate correspondence with tln' 
 officials of the Conference, which was "mai-ke.l 
 by a simplicity, a saiutliness, well nioh apostolic"; 
 it was therefore most befitting that a part of 
 the service at his grave in Oct(jber, 1880, should 
 be conducted, as it was, by the ex-president of the 
 Newfoundland Conference, then visitinr. Engluid, to whom it was a 
 privilege to be able to pay the only tribute then possible to one who 
 
 II'JN. i: It. AVltB. 
 
 Hu 'S'. U. Parsons. 
 
 I 
 < 
 
 
 
 CUClIlUNli STUEliT METIloliISI CIIVIICII, SI. Jiill.s's, 
 
4» aiETflODIST CIIUUCII IN NEWFOUND FANIX 
 
 for years liad liiid tlie prosperity of tlie Lord's work in Nowfoundljuid 
 enyiaveii upon liis very soul. 
 
 Mention may also here bo made of the name of John S, Peach, 
 anotlier zealous friend of Methodism, wlio spent more than fifty years 
 of ministerial toil on the Island, and <lied in 1891. 
 
 Methodism in 8t. John's is well represented liy \nn' four .spacious 
 churches, three mission halls, collo<je, day scIkjoIs, and present orphana^'e, 
 which will be replaced by the new one, to which reference has been 
 made. Outside the city liberal provision has been made to meet the 
 spiritual need of her fifty-three thousand adherents, scattered around 
 an extensive coast-lino. 
 
47 
 
 APPENDIX TO CHAPTKR in. 
 
 Methodist Church in Newfoundland, 1894. 
 
 The following StiiligtloH show the present statiip 
 
 MctlioiliMt popiiliition, as pur 
 
 census of IHyl - - . 53 27(> 
 
 Number of Pistriets - . 4 
 
 Nniiiliei- of MiniMters - . (•„•( 
 
 Ninnlicr of Local I'reachers - Til 
 
 Niinilier of Clmrclu'B - - uni 
 Number of other Ueadiiin 
 
 I'laces . - . (ji) 
 Number of I'reacluDg Appoint- 
 
 ""i''i<» 338 
 
 Number of Parsonages - - 40 
 
 Number of Church Members - l(i,«;i| 
 
 Number of Sunday Schools - I7(i 
 Number of Officers ami 
 
 Teachers - . . l,ll)| 
 
 Number of .Scholars - - 11,5,');) 
 
 $ 
 
 Amount raised for AFissK.ns - 7,l!)5 
 Amount raised by Women's 
 
 Missionary Society - - ]88 
 Amount raised for ministerial 
 
 support - - - l!»,rt5!) 
 
 Value of Churches - - . 25().()(M) 
 
 Value of Parsonages - - loo.ooo 
 
 Uev. Ooorgo P. Story, rimiilciit of 
 
 CoiiJ'n-fiicr. 
 Kev. A. 1>. Morton, M.A., Sixrtlanj. 
 
 1. St. .Toiin's Distuk t. 
 
 SI. John's C,iitii:-l{ti\: A. D. Mor- 
 ton, M.A. 
 
 St. John's W,st—]{cvs. U. v. Cowper- 
 th\vaito,M.A.,.r..I. Itlythe ; .lames Dove. D.l). 
 ^../ifrnn-u'idri/ i (ieo. S. Milligiui, iJ,,l)., 
 Siqwritilondvut of Kduailion liy pcnni.i.'^ion 
 if i 'iiiifcrnirr. 
 
 S(. .r„hn\s- Ea.if—V.i'v: ,Tohn I'ralt. 
 
 Pouch Coir— Rev. H. (". Hatcher, Jl.D. 
 
 Topsiiil — Itev. .lohn Kcay. 
 
 nrii/its-Uvy. W. T. I). Dunn. 
 
 Cupids — Itevs. Solomon Mattliews, T. E. 
 Koberts. 
 
 Hdi/ Uohvrli' (iiid Spunittrd.i /j'l/y— Itev. 
 Fred. O'. Willey. 
 
 Whithoiinie — Rev. Geo. P. Story, 
 Guardian of Home, President of (^)nference." 
 
 Chupcl Arm — Supply under Itev. Geo. 
 P. Siory. 
 
 Sound Island — ]{ev. W. P. Ambrose. 
 
 Mowers ('ore — An Agent, 
 
 St. Anthony — Uev. Herbert Clegg. 
 
 Hcd Iiaij—\{{}v. Arthur Antlo, 
 
 JInmilton Inlet— }li-v. Frank S. IloUett. 
 
 Chairman — Kev. George P. Story 
 I'inamial Srrretari/ — Uev. A. D. 
 Morton, 
 
 of tho denomination in the Islnn.i. 
 
 2. Cauiionk.au liisriiKT. 
 
 Cirhoiwar-Hw. .Imnes Nurse, Uev. F 
 U. Drake s Kdgar Taylor, Snpanrmeran,. 
 Jlorhoar Grare- U.v. \V,„. Swann.' 
 /■nv/i»vi/,T— l!cv. Antlionv Hill 
 yy/,„,./,/,,.,„/-l!ev. If. W. I'VcMnaii. 
 M r.^lrrn /la,/ -Uev. \Vm, Kcn.liill 
 
 /wT ',/•"/"'"' ^ '""<■• -''••■V. U'm. l{,Tratt. 
 Old I er/,ra,i~Hry. Sa:nt„ 1 Snowden. 
 J/ants lfarho„r-~\U-x. .lanus Wilson. 
 Jlrarts CV.HfcH/ -Uev. .lames Pincock 
 (.rem .s J/arlmnr-lU.v. Wm.,J. U.nHett. 
 .N/io,// n<iri,o„r~\{vM. .lolin Pye 
 Norllurn /.i^/U-lU-v. ItnmnvelflVck. 
 Ilrihinnui (,W'e--Uev. H. K. |Vek. 
 Chairman— \U'\. Wni. Swann. 
 
 Vinamial Secretary ~ ]W-v. Wrn 
 Kendall. 
 
 3. BONAVISIA DisruKT. 
 Ilon„risla-.n,v. Thos. W. Atkinson. 
 liird Island Core~.\U■^,. Kdwin Mooro. 
 (alaliHU—Mev. M. Fenwick. 
 7V/»////— Uev. George G. Fnizer. 
 jy"''Vrarc Toien- -Uev. Wni. H. Doldiou. 
 (.lorer lo,rn~\\^-v. Wm, .1. I.uscuube. 
 (treenspond—\{^y, ( 'Imrles Lench 
 ]rc.s/.7//;7/c-l!ev. M\ Harris. 
 Mus.jruve llarhour—May. Albert A. 
 Jlolnies. 
 
 Indian Islands and Srldom-Come-Bu-~ 
 Uev. (icorge St(inev. 
 
 y-'w/o— Uev. Wni. W. V/1'.eately. 
 Herri ny A'.r^-Uev. Akrovd Stoney. 
 
 7'«v//n»/"/c_]!ev.Jal)ez Hill and Thos. 
 W. Hiiiw I, 
 
 Morefon's Hiirli(,nr~Vn'\-. I. ,T. Uiissell. 
 
 E.rploits — Itev. Henry Scott. 
 
 Laiireneelon and ll'nrnl Hay—Rov. W. 
 W. Edniondson. 
 
 Liltle Hay Island and I'illn/'s Island— 
 Uevs. Win. J. Hufchcsoii and Kdgar Jones. 
 
 Lilfle llay—Uvy. Wm. H. Uiowiiing. 
 
 Nipper's llarlmiir and Tilt tbfc-Ucvs. 
 Selby .letfeisoi.' and .\. !•;. Uowson. 
 
 White Z/rt.y— Supply. 
 
 Chairman— TIgv. Jabcz Hill. 
 Financial Secretary— Hay. George C. 
 Fra/.er. 
 
 4. BtriiN DisTKicr. 
 7?»r//( — Uev. Thomas 11. .raiiies. 
 .S>"(.H 0»r— Itev. Charles House. 
 Flat Island— Raw Charles Siiuires. 
 .SV. /Vcrrc— One wanted. 
 Fortune — Uev. George Paine. 
 
-18 MKI'IIODIST ClIUllC'lI IIn NKWFOIINDLAND. 
 
 4. nimiN DiHTKiOT— ro«/. Slittli^iits permiltvd In iiUiml Mount Alli»on 
 
 (!mn,( /;a«/(-llcv. Lov. C.irtiH. U.A. CMoj,; Sachrill.: 
 
 darnUh, Fortune Uay-M^v. CliailcM 11. .1. Ii>;lo.. I •^"''■\'''- /:'*[''• , 
 
 »■ A * . .lumen K Kc-llv. ,1, .1. Durriint. 
 
 „ ,., „ ,? ,, Willuim I'iitMisoii. 
 
 Petites — Kov. Kiiftene I'Drsey. 
 
 Chann,l-Ui'v. ,Tolm T. Nt'wm.in. Toronto University. 
 
 St. Geonyx lU,,, and Ihii, of Islmuh— Willmiu Socley. 
 
 llevs. TtuiH. li. Diirliy, U.A., \i. M. liii'klt". Boston School of Theology. 
 
 Bonne Jiay—liuv. George K. Ileal. A. C. Skinner. 
 
 French Shore— An Agent. ^^.y j,,^^, IIcvfliM "1 An^ lift without ap- 
 
 C7i«i;/mi«—llev. Tims. II. .Tames. „ .loliii C. Sitiuey I iMiiiitiiieiits I'nr one 
 
 Fin.im-iat Secretary - Rev. .loim T. „ M- Hooper f year at ti.eir own 
 
 Newnuiu. ,, Win. Uex J re.iuest. 
 
 
4'J 
 
 ClIAPTKR IV. 
 
 THE CONGnEaATfOXAL AXD PnESnVTERTAX VIIURCJIFS 
 AXD THE SAEVATIOX ARMY. 
 
 The Conoreoational Cuuunr iv NMVFouNnrANr.. 
 
 Tho sumll body of Christians in NewlVmn.llan.l n<nv ofTuMallv 
 c c.s,,.natc.l as " The Con,av,,ational Chuvcl. " is ono of tl>o o ' t 
 d.,s.senhn,^ boa.cs in tbo Colony- ; though ita nun.bcs have always bcc ! 
 very hnuted ,t has had considerable influence and has over been 
 dKst,ngu..shcd for tlic learning and ability of its ministers. It is stated 
 "! " Conffiyat.onal Hand Uook that .n Queen Elizabeth's time some 
 of the Ln-l.sh separatists (Independents) were banished to Newfound- 
 Jan.l : thus )s inherently probable; our Island was then the best known 
 and most accessible pottion of America. In the small scattered .cttlc- 
 n.er.ts then existing about St. John's and Conception, these victims of 
 Elizabeths ecclesiastical tyranny could easily hide themselves awav 
 The separatists were the extreme branch of the Puritans who hul 
 broken away from tho Church and tho Hierarchy 
 
 Guy's colonists and their zealous Puritan pastor, Erasmus Stourton 
 would join with these exiles, and in this manner a small independent 
 body may have been formed, and their numbers would bo increased 
 during the reign of Charles I. In IG45 we have certain proof of their 
 existence; George Downing, the first graduate of Ibirvard, Cambrido-e 
 Mjiss., on his v^;it to Newfoun.lhmd, received an invitation from i\-l 
 Newfoundh.nd Independent Church to become their pastor, and a 
 similar otier was made to the Rev. Richard Bliuman, an English divine 
 who visited Newfoun-lland in IGGO. Probably owing to the want of 
 organisation, this body as a separate denomimition dietl out, and we 1 ear 
 no more of Congregationalism until 1775, when the present church was 
 established by an artillery sergeant, John Jones, a Welshman. 
 
 From the old records of the church still preserved in St. John's wo 
 gather many particulars about this God-fearing old soldier-how first 
 the little congregation met together every Sunday in the Court House.' 
 Nathan Parker, a New Eiiglander, one of the founders of the present 
 house of Job Brothers, soon became au ekhsr; afterwards Wallis Lan<r, a 
 carpenter and builder, also became an older. In the spring of 17777in 
 twenty-eigiit days, under the skilful management of Wallis Lang, a small 
 
 / p 2729. y 
 
rf) . THE CONCniEGATIONAL ClirUCII. 
 
 WMmg was put up. Governor Moutaf-uc tried to stop 'l''-'', P'^S™' 
 and ordered Jol.n Joue» to I'laeentb, l.ut, ."ay» the 'If""*" '' "''^;;'' 
 « The Lord put his Look in his noso and turned hnn tack by the i»ay 
 " ho camo, so that ho did then, no hann. hot K"< »;"»"":"'" 
 " made then, fast and pray. . . . And the Wd wa.s pleased to U.s, 
 
 .. and increase then,." Soon after tl,l» Mr Jo„,s was "j; |" ' ^ '» 
 England. The littlo cl,ureh strengtl,oued and ,ne,ea»od, ""'»■■ '■'"''^K 
 tl,o opposition „r tl,o Uev. Edward Lan«,ua„, a ,uai!,st,-,ao "-' "I -'P;^^ 
 n,i„i"r, even tl,o st,on«er opposition of Governor l^^^v-d d,d,,o 
 Slav their pi-o'-ress. All ,est,-aint.s were ,-o„,«vc.l under the t'tn^l 
 Adn,i Can,;»ll in H81.' In 1781. the Meeting House (--'"« J 
 i 1892 a, the old To.npcranco Hall, was ha, t. Much o 1« wo k 
 was voluntary hibou,-. The articles aro s,g„ed and .scaled hy John 
 Jones, llcury Phillips, the High Shc-llT, Nathan Parker, Walhs Lang, 
 Josepli Lowman, Eilward freeman, Jan,os Barnes. 
 
 At this period in Newfoundland histo,-y every event was inaugurated 
 
 with Zus libations of wines ,u,d spirit, ; the wu,.hip of Baecl,u.s u.» 
 
 ",^ vol we avo „ot su,pr;sod the.eforo to lea,n tl,at the foundat.ons 
 
 "f . od To...re.anccHall were laid with tl,o „ceoa„an,meat o. . 
 
 olarter cask of nne, " Orde,e.l by the eo.un.ittee to be pu,-cl,ase.l 
 
 a^dt t n eare of M,-. Lang." Wo can picture to ourse ves the scene 
 
 vXcn the cask was sa,„p!ed and Frecaan and l!an,es Parke,- ane La, g. 
 
 1 Phillips and the jolly old P.uson Jones, duly ,no„tcned ho foun.la- 
 
 i"„ of the new chapel. They had no fantastic not.ons ol ten.pcan 
 
 n those iovial days wine was „,ado to gladden the herrt of „,an, ad 
 
 : S'Vous occasions it was considc,,,! the correct thing to ge decently 
 
 nou.d, , yself to renlcnUr the ti.no when a visit fro.n the c e,.gy,nan 
 Zl;. u,eant an order to ,ny n.othcr to get out a second bottle „t or t 
 I, rcadiu" over roeo.ds of boll, the Anglican and Congregafo ,,d ho hes 
 w „," suuck with the n,can subsc.iption, to the chu,-el,es thc^palt,y 
 ; tancos to the n,inist... Poor old Jones, like Lang,.,an « the Engl 
 Cl,u,cl, had to go ,«,nd like a beggar, wlnlst at least two o ,s 
 ,!,;;«t:..n wore ve,y ,ich an,l could have paid the whole co,t of the 
 M Hi ;^ House witho,^ feeling it ; Hen,y Phillips had ,. la, go ,nc„„.o as 
 S I- Pickin..s, and a line business as a .ucchant; old Pa.ke,- n.a.le a 
 
 ort, ne out of the Newfoundkn.l trade, a„.l had a la.ge ,nc„,„e a lor he 
 !e , rd f°v„ the n.anMraetn,e of peppcanint. The Cong,-..gat,ona Church 
 
 ^ iw!; bee; noted for its line cUlr In the old ,c|'";^'' ""■"'"; 
 glu;,y is ably Hllod hy C. Winton, Mr. Ihace, and old Mr. Mentafonl 
 
 » .SVf "llihtorj- of Ncwfouiidlnnd," Pl' '•">'- '•^^^- 
 
REV. JOHN JONES. 
 In Mai oil IHOO Jolm Jonc« fho fnWl.f»i ,^- • i 
 
 Rev. Jamc, fealano ; tl,o liev. ]).u,i.| Spencer VVar,l wa/anothor well- 
 
 iii«ti.m.i"«inf((«»HH((|nr«i^l{(||(,,r,i,„i|ihi.' .-.. - 
 
 NKW COSOUEOATIOSAL CnURClr, 
 
 kn.nv.i an.l influontinl dero^^inan, liis pastorate the longest, ami his 
 social mlluence the most powei ful in augmenting the body which in his 
 days embraced a large number of leading families in St Johns 
 Mi-s. V/ard was the founder of the St. John's Dorcas Society, an.l its 
 fn-.st president. The three ministers in succession, Evans, Schofield, and 
 Pedley, were all admiiabl.; proaeh(;rs, an.l very able men. Hall, Beiiton 
 an.l latt.M-ly Ho.lgkinson, maintain.".! the V \ reputation' of the 
 Indepen.lent ministers in St. J.)lurs, which has en fully sustained by 
 
TirK rilESliYTEKIAN CllUllCII. 
 
 the present pjwior, the Rev. G. Ward Siildall. In preparing this .shurt 
 paix^r I have been ^rreatly assifsted hy Mrs. Sidchill'.s paMi])hlet, " The 
 Origin of Noncorromiity in St. John's, Newfoundhind." 
 
 I'ABTOnS OF 
 
 Jlev. .loliii Joiios 
 Itev. Riitton Morris • 
 llev. John llill^aid - 
 ]{ov. Ediiiund Violet - 
 IJev. Jolin Sanderson 
 Ituv. Wni. Jones Iljde 
 l{ev. James Sabino - 
 liev. Thomas Smi-U - 
 Kev. Dauiel Speucer Ward 
 
 THE CoN(iUi;GATU)NAL CntUClI IN St. J(.'HN'8. 
 
 1775-1800 
 
 Ikv 
 
 D. D. Evans 
 
 1801-1805 
 
 Kcv 
 
 Oeoi-fje Schofield 
 
 1805-1807 
 
 Jtcv. 
 
 Charles I'edley 
 
 1807-1810 
 
 Kev. 
 
 John Maize 
 
 1811-1812 
 
 Kev. 
 
 James Howell - 
 
 18l;i-181C 
 
 Rev. 
 
 Thomas Hall 
 
 1816-1818 
 
 Kev. 
 
 David Ueaton - 
 
 1 820-1 82:{ 
 
 Kev. 
 
 T. Uodgkinson 
 
 1824-1813 
 
 
 
 1844- 
 184!)- 
 1857- 
 1864- 
 1866- 
 1868- 
 1881- 
 1886- 
 
 -1848 
 -1857 
 ■1864 
 •1865 
 ■1867 
 -1880 
 •1886 
 -18U1 
 
 The Pkesisyteuian Ciiukcii. 
 
 By Rev. Wm. Gkaham and others. 
 
 Tlie Presh'/terian church in St. Jolui's was first oi'iranised in 1812. 
 On the ily-Ieuf of tlie register, in most beautiful characters, these 
 words ai'e writU'n : — 
 
 " Eeguu on tL>; Fourteenth day of Angust, in the year of our Lord One 
 thouBand cig>it liur.drod and forty-two, by the Eev. Donald Allan Frascr, IMiiiister 
 of the Established Church of Scotland." 
 
 It was not, liowever, until the 3rd of December of the following 
 year that St. Andrew's Church, which stood on the site recently 
 occupied by the Masonic Temple, was opened for public worship. Two 
 yearti later (in 184;)), the labmrs of the first Piesbytorian minister — 
 the writer of the above extract, Mr. Fraser — were cut short by 
 death. 
 
 The Rev. Donald Allan Fraser, the first minister of St. Andrew's 
 Church, was a very able uvni, a fine speaker, and the best Gaelic scholar 
 in North America. A highlander himself, a native of Torosay, he liad 
 a warm heart for his fellow highlanders and islanders ; he made loiij.; 
 toilsome journej's from Nova Scotia to Cape Breton to minister to these 
 poor outcasts from all religious instruction. The Rev. D. A. Fraser w.is 
 tlie father of a numerous family of eleven sons and one daughter: at the 
 ])resent time the be.-.t-kn()wn member of the family is J. O. Fraser, 
 C.M.G., our genial Postmaster-General. 
 
 The following admirable account of Mr. 1^'ra^er has been furnished 
 to me by a member of the Presbyterian Church in Newfoundland. 
 
 " llev. Donald Allan Fra.scr, A.M., who was the first I'resbyterian miiiisiir 
 settler in Newfoundland, was born at Torosay, in the fslniul of Mnll, Scotliiml, 
 on the U4th of November 17!);{, and was ordained by the I'rcsbyt'.ry of Abill ciii 
 the 22ud of September 1814. Uji the iJOth October in the same year ho murriud 
 
THE PllESBYTEllIAN CIIUKCH. 53 
 
 Catherino Maclca.,, daughlor of tho Laird of Coll ; and in 1818 he wa, H.nt by tho 
 Church of Scotland as a nmn.onary to Piotou County, ^vbero ho nnnistoml to 
 a highland population and their dcscon.lants, prcachiu,, in Gaelic and English 
 every Sabbaoh. One of h.s elders, writing of Mr. K'ra.er after his death, said 
 No raunster since his day has gained the aflcetions of his people as he did noi^ 
 IS It ikely that any will.' Mr. and Mrs. Eraser may be said to have lived in Z 
 hearts of his lughland iH,ople.- Being largely influenced by a missionary spirit 
 ho accepted a call to form a congregation at St. John's Newfoundland which 
 call was dated August 1842. The Scotch population at St. John's at that time 
 was not large, but they possessed considerable wealth. A very haulsome church 
 was erected on a prominent site in the city, which was opened for public worship 
 on tho 3rd of December 1813, the text on the occasion being Gal iv IH— ' But 
 it is good to be zealously allected always in a good thiug.' The' event was 
 attended by the Governor of the Colony, Sir John Harvey, and su'to, by tho heads 
 ot Departments, and by an overflowiug congregation. 
 
 '< Mr. Eraser was a scholar of masterly attainments, a captivnlin- speaker 
 and an argumentative roasoncr. His mind was richly stored with iraa.'ery' 
 and being, ordinarily, an extemporaneous preacher, his oloriuence frequently 
 reached sublime heights. He was, too, of commanding presence, standing six feet 
 two inches. lu tho midst of his usefalness, and in tlio flower of his nuiuhooa he 
 was cut down, and died of cancer on the 7th of February 1815, in the 5lst y.a'r of 
 liisageand the 31st of his ministry. His widow and only daughter and six of 
 his ten sons have followed the father, only four sons being now alive." 
 
 His succossoi-H were Rev. Arch. Sinclair, Rev. Francis Nicol, Rev. 
 ]3onald McRae, now the esteemed pastor of 8t. David's, St. Joliii, N.Ji. 
 and Rev. J. Dykes Patterson, wlio (Vm\ tlie other year in Anstralia. 
 The hist named was pastor of the church wlien it was destroyed by 
 fire in 187U. 
 
 In the nieantinie, the wave of trouble which swept over the parent 
 church in Scotland, and which ivnt that church in two, in the year 1843 
 toucheil St. John's, and Free St. Andrew's wa»s erected in 1850, on 
 ])uckworth Street, near the Conimercial Bank. In 1852 the Rev. 
 Moses Harvey received an<l accepted a unanimous call to this cliurch 
 and continued a most faitliful and acceptable ministry till 187(), when 
 it too fell, destroyed likewise by the devouring Haines. In 1877 a 
 union of the two congregations was effected, and on the 18th day 
 of June 1878 the corner-stone of St. Andrew's Church was laid, the 
 Rev. ])i'. Muir, of. Edinburgh, and the Rev. Mo.sos Harvey beiiiif the 
 ofticiatiiig niinisteriS. In the same year the Rev. L. G. Macnelll accepted 
 a call to become minister of the united congregation. 
 
 Thirteen year.-} ago, on the 30th November 1879, St. Andrew's 
 ('liui'ch, recently destroyed too, like its predecessor.s, by lire, was 
 dedicated to the worship of Almighty God. The Rev. L. G. j\[acneill, 
 {)astor of the church, conducted the morning service, and preached an 
 impressive sermon from the text, " The glory of this latter house shall 
 " be greater t!)an the former, saith the Lord of Hosts." The Rev. Jub 
 
54 
 
 THE PRP]SnYTEBIAN CIIURCir. 
 
 Slienton, of tlie Motliodist church, occupied tlic pulpit in the eveniiic^. 
 At oacli service the church was crowded to its utmost capacity, and 
 collections for the day amounted to fjfdW. 
 
 The edifice thus dedicated to the worship of God was a substantial 
 and ornamental structure of brick, faced with white free-stone from the 
 quarries of Scotland. It was capable of sotting 700 worshippers. A 
 tower, with lofty and graceful spire, rose en the western end of the 
 
 ST. AXDKHW'd PRKSBVTKHHN C'llFJRCIT, ST. John's. 
 
 building. The main entrance was on the saivui side, through a 
 handsome porch, over which was cut in the stone-wcrk, in bold relief, 
 '•ThG Burning Bush "—the emblem of the Church of Scotland. 
 Although all was plain anil chaste about the end)lem, yet the appear- 
 ance of the interior was peculiarly pleasing and impressive. The first 
 object which attracted attention on entering was the desk and platlbrui, 
 occupying the place where, in f(jrmer days, a pulpit would have stood. 
 The first was of polished walnut, richly carved, massive, graceful, and 
 in the centre approximated to tlie confonnation of a pulpit. It was the 
 work of Mr. Bichard CJoff and son. A massive pillar at each end 
 
THE PIIESBYTEIIIAN CIIURCir. 
 
 supported a tall ..asalier, l.aving five branches gracefullv prop .rti, n.l 
 The centre gasalior was also of l)f.Mnfif„w w, , ' Piop-'itumed, 
 
 and lightoi the huil,li„g , ^^1^ A ' Z!' , '" '"* ^>-'»-^"™>»"i|'. 
 
 i.av,,,, a coiling u fcot ,,i,„. Ti,„ vo.ry o,.,,:; 2.: w !, rr""' 
 
 Iho coHt of the church -^as «40 000 Tl.o m.. . J'i«tinent. 
 
 the fine „eli 8500. I,.e.u„i,„. uJ'lu^^^Z Z:^' T^' 
 org„ and piano, n.i«i„u „.„rk „n l,a„d, |.ow fi lu.rs" Tf ^V" i 
 libmry, nnnl.,to,.'» gown, pnlpit ,«,,,. ,,, t,, S,"' 1? 
 
 lo.,»by tho flro oxcccdod .?.5O,O00. In addition ..m ."' 
 
 ..uiiding, known a, •■Ti.o Ton.pio," and :TZ,:XZ'Z:'Z::!, 
 p,opc,ty, woro oons„n,ed l,y tho ,lan,„:,. It ,„,; also Ik.- n,, 
 that tno valuaUo connunn.ou plate wa, lil«wi» lost. Indeed „ ' 
 was saved. The rapid advance of the fire preclnd.d ..ll 1h . *" 
 that the doors of tho church were never opene T , C, n:^; d ', '^i 
 $4,000, and St. An,Irew', school-roon,, at §1,000, were a^'de ^Itf 
 naking a total lo.s.s ot church pr,)porty of over ?53 000 
 
 In ISCO the Kev. L. U. Macneill resigned, "having received and 
 accepted a call ft.™ St. AndreWs, St. John, N.„. In°the ,fow ! 
 year the Rev. W. Orahan,, of Kdinhurgh, received and aeoeptcl a c ll 
 to St. A,idreW8, and was oidalncd and inductal to that char -e on II,. 
 =th May, tl,e Rev D. McRae, of St. Join,, N.B., and I" R M 
 flarvey beuig the ofhciatin;' iiiiiiiHtcrs. ' 
 
 In 1855 a^ Presbyterian church was opened in Harbour Gnioe 
 There arc also Presbyterian churcho.s and nussions at Little Iky Min;; 
 and J^ay ol Islands. -^ 
 
 The Prosl,yterians arc a very infiuential body, though s,na1l in 
 mnnber; by the census ol l,S74 they un.ountid to 1,1GS bv the las^ 
 census, of 1S91, to 1,449. ^ ^'^" 
 
 'I'lIK S.VLVATIOX AlJMY. 
 
 In the year 188(i the first service of tho Salvation Army was held 
 in St. John's, in Uarter's field. There was a disturbance, and some 
 assaults on the women who began the " New Religion." Tlie church 
 nov^ numbers fourteen hundred members. It has eighty-five officerd 
 and about two hundred local ofticeivs (deacons), who assist in various 
 duties. There are thirty stations, divided into five corps, from Tilt 
 Cove to Channel. In May 1891 the Honble E. P. Morris introduced 
 
•'J'' Til [<] SALVATION ARMY. 
 
 and passed a Bill axithorisiiig staff officers of the Society to celebrate 
 inairiage. The staff officers are also district registrars and ^M-ant 
 certificates of death. In 1S91 the Army was allowed a grant of .<? 1,400 
 for educational purposes, in accordance with their numbers as shown in 
 the last census. 
 
 There has been lately formed a Refuge Home in St. John's, and the 
 organisation has now a missicjnary vessel. The visits of Commandant 
 Booth and of General Booth in September 1894 were made the occasions 
 of great demonstrations. 
 
J 1 
 2-0 I