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The following diagrams illustrate the method: 1 2 3 L'exemplaire film^ fut reproduit grdce d la g6n6rosit6 de: Bibliothdque nationale du Canada Les images suivantes ont 6t6 reproduites avec le plus grand soin, compte tenu da la condition et de la nettet6 de l'exemplaire film6, ot en conformity avec les conditions du contrat de filmage. Les exemplaires originaux dont la couverture en papier est imprimde sont film^s en ccmmengant par le premier plat et en terminant soit par la dernidre page qui comporte une empreinte d'impression ou d'illustration, soit par le second plat, selon le cas. Tous les autres exemplaires originaux sont filmds en commenpant par la premiere page qui comporte une empreinte d'impression ou d'illustration et en terminant par la dernidre page qui comporte une telle empreinte. Un des symboles suivants apparaitra sur la dernidre image de cheque microfiche, selon le cas: le symbole — ► signifie "A SUIVRE", le symbole V signifie "FIN". Les cartes, planches, tableaux, etc., peuvent dtre filmds d des taux de reduction diffdrents. Lorsque le document est trop grand pour dtre reproduit en un seul clichd, il est filmd d partir de Tangle supdrieur gauche, de gauche d droite. et de haut en bas, en prenant le nombre d'images ndcessaire. Les diagrammes suivants illu&irent la mdthode. 1 2 3 4 5 6 n^^m^t^mnndxmm, II ENGLISH READERS. MEIKLEJOHN. r IT'"] 1^ National Library/ Bibliotheque Rationale of Canada du Canada CrOaniiU ho^ ^tu. ^ "»y "tm«t i,„p„.^„,„ s ir« isr '1: '^'" " '■ °' " ' closo of tho lessons. '^ ^'^'^^^«' ^avo been inserted at the Lessons on Tempfrivmu u O'litor feeh that intempelceTs t' '"? ^*"^"^'«''- ^^^I- Bpread vice-the greatest Zl ' ^'■'^*''* ^^^^ '"^^t ^'i'l- successfully coped with, it' Z ttt"f ''?*' ^' '' '' ^^^ *« ^e y«"»g. "'' '^""^ theschool, andamongthe The lessons on llYaTr.w xv',}) • i^ooK« JII. and v., supply a want ^"""f'"'" ^^*'^ '^^^^ i- out adding to the numbef ofT V '"^^'^^^ ^^'*- ^^^^h- h- text-books, he is by t e a d th?^' ^'""^ "^ *^^^ ^^ ^f y aul of these lessens taught the lead. VI. PREFACE. ing rules for preserving his nealth, and is directed as to the best means for preserving life and avoiding unnecessary pain in case of accidents. Canada receives special prominence in this book. The leading Canadian authors have been laid under tribute, and the pupils will become familiar v,-itli their names and their style. Most of the selections made from their vi^ritings refer to Canada or to some phase of its social life. Canadian Hiftory has been briefly sketched. This will save the purchase of an additional text-book on that subject. The Appendicks will be found to be most useful. Brief sketche,, of the leading authors from whom selections have been made, are given in the first ; the second contains the cliief ele- ments that form our language ; and the tliird completes the work begun in Book III., by giving an additional list of the words commonly mispronounced. Our thanks are due to the illustrious American poets, Henry W. Longfellow and John Gieenleaf Whittier, for kindly for- warding us aut(^graph selections ; also to Messrs. Dawson Bros., Montreal ; the Methodist Publishing House, Toronto, and others who have kindly permitted us to reprint extracts from their copyright works. to the 'oest lin in case he leading the pnpils Most of mada or to s will save ct. 'ul. Brief have been ; chief de- pletes the list of the its, Henry :indly for- /sonBros., and others from their CONTENTS. Page Counsel for the Young Men and Woniei of Canada i.ord Diiffcrin 9 A Modern Fairy Story 12 The Beaver 25 KingJjear and his Three Daugliters, Part 1 23 A Tale Witliout an End Hcv. S. A. Fears. ... '27 King Lear and las Tliree Daughters. Part II 32 J']lephaut3 30 TliG Lost Ship ^j The. Taking of Eoxburgh Castle Sir Walter Scott . . 49 The Highland Gathering Sir Walter Scott .... 63 The Reindeer The Sagacious Cadi. Part I DioJiena . '. '. '. '. [ '. '. '. '. '. '. "A Wet Sheet and a Flowing Sea " Allan Cunningham. The Sagacious Cadi. Part II Dickens Spiders A Tale of War y. ........[.[..[[..[].[.] [ An Adventure Baj/'a^t'd Tay'lor.. '.'.'.'. 83 ^ Hero Carbjle..... So Tlie Tiger , g^ Canadian Boat-Song Thomas Moore.'..'.'. . '. 92 Tile Fox j,4 The Miller of the Dee MacJcay 99 The Dogs of St. Bernard. ■Library of Entcrtadnlng Knoivlcihic. 102 Hoaltli and How to Retain It Parti... J. W. McLaughlin, M.B. 106 Health and Howto Retain It. Partll ..J.W McLau.ghUn,M.B. 114 A Small Catchisni y, 7) McGce 120 The Sea and the Wind Bayard Tayl'o ".. ...'. 121 58 64 7u 72 70 82 The Camel Rev enge. Youssouf.. . . ranee . Tempe "II. 123 130 132 135 CONTENT-;. PAGE The Sea-GuU '^TToiir" The Future of Canada /I'ct'. Josrjilt ('ouk. . . . Suow Lowell The Snow Sliower Brijant Kindness to tlie Poor licv. W. M. Pnnshoii. Murder Ei'h'nting S/idkcs/ican' Evening in Paradise Milton The Eve of Quatre Bras Ijoril Bijroii In Westminster Al)hey Addison Dedicatory Poem, To the Prineess Alice. .Toiiiijso)! Charge of tlie Light Brigade Tennyson Higlier Education for Women Dr. Wilson Common Gifts Mrs. llawhcsworth. . Hamlet's Soliloquy on Death and Suicide. .Shukcspcare On the Death of the Duke cf Wellington. .Disraeli An April Day Chaucer Advice to Young Men Hugh Miller How They Brought the Good News from Glicnt to Aix It. Brownin;/ The Sermon on the Mount N"w Testament Contemiilation Milton Aphorisms from Shakespeare Dare to Do llight Thomas Hughes The Cause of Temperance Tohn B. Gougli Canadian Loyalty R r. Dr. Bijerson.,. , The Creation of the Earth J W. Dawson, LL.D. Manitoha Niagara Falls A rchhishop Lijnch . . North- Western Canada. . His Excellency the Marquis ofLcrne. Sketch of the History of Canada The Christian's Enjoyment of the Works of Nature. . Cowper. . Tlie Greatness of England IT'. E. Gladstone. . . . A Psalm of Life Lonyjellow The Eed lliver Voyageur Whit tier Biographical Sketches of Poets and Authors Chief Prefixes and Suffixes in the English Language Latin Roots M^isprouounced Words 13!) 112 IJG 118 Hi) 152 15!) 102 mi 170 171 173 178 180 181 18G 188 195 1!)9 203 208 212 218 220 225 230 234 240 247 2t)3 2G4 2(35 208 270 275 279 286 ^«^ ENOLISII READERS. BOOK IV. COUNSEL FOR THE YOUNG MEN AND WOMEN OF CANADA. Imped'iment, a himlrance. An'nals, records. I Chiv'alry, pallantry. I Au'spices, iiifluuiiccs. o^s/s^vrrsiToSr,'' •"^"-"' ^*°"" "■'■ ^« 1. Remember that tlie generation which has pre- ce,le.l you has succeeded in bringing to a successful issue one of the most difficult beneficial achieve- ments which statesmen have ever undertaken. The generation which now lives and superintends theaffan's of this great country has been able, in spite of no ordinary difficulties and impediments, to weld into an united Dominion, the whole of those magnificent provinces of Canadian America whic>h are contained between the Atlantic and the lacihc. .It IS to the guardianship and improve- ment of this inheritance that in due time those I now address will be called,-and a heavy respon- sibility lies upon you to use to the best advan- tage the glorious birthright to which you will fall heirs. Hapi.ily you live in a land whose inhab- itants are as free as the air they breathe, and 10 ENGLISH READER — BOOK IV. tluire is not a single prize which the aml)ition of man can desire, to which you may not aspire. There is not one of you here who may not rise to the highest offices of the state, who may not render your names illustrious for all time to come, who may not engrave for yourselves on the annals of your country an imperishable record. 3. Perhaps in no country in the world, under no possible conditions which can be imagined, do a body of young men, such as those I see around me, start in life under more favorable auspices, or enter upon their several careers with a more assured certainty that, by industry, by the due cultivation of their intelligence, by sobriety of manners and of conduct, they may attain the greatest prizes of life. 4. I would remind you that you are citizens of a country, in which all the most cherished prizes of ambition are open to all — that, however humble the origin of any of you may have been, there is no position in the service of the country to which you may not hope to attain, and such a position is one of the most honorable objects of ambition which a young man could put before him as his aim in life. «. And I would further remind you that you may hope to attain to, not only the prizes which exist in this country in the several professions you may adopt, or in the public services of the Dominion, but that there are other prizes of an Imperial nature within your reach — for the Queen of England does not stop to inquire whether a deserving citizen is an Aus- tralian, or a Canadian, or a Scotchman, or an 4 3 ."S ■^ j* I COUNSEL FOR YOUNG MEN AND WOMEN. 11 Irishman, or an Englishman, it is enough that he slioukl liave rendered the State good service, and this is his title to her favor and reward. 6. In speaking of a certain lady, an English writer, famous in his time, concluded a brilliant passage in her honor by observing that "to know her was itself a liberal education." I would venture to I recommend you to lay this observation to heart, and to remember that the character and conduct of the women of a country do more, perhaps, than anything else to elevate the tone of feeling amongst its inhabitants, to inspire them with high thoughts and noble endeavors, and with that spirit of chiv- alry which raises our nature far above its ordinary levej. 7. When, however, these sentiments are still further illuminated by a spirit of devotion, and directed by the counsels of religion, we may have just cause to hope that the career of such a nation will receive the blessing of God, and will prove a benefit to the world at large. Exercises.— 1. Learn to spell and give the meaning of • Achievement Guardianship Auspices Imperishable Impednnent Inheritance Chivalry Imagined Citizens Ambition Professions Endeavor 2 Write a composition describing some of the advantages of a residence in Canada. 3. Analyze the last sentence. 12 ENGLISH READER— BOOK IV. A MODERN FAIRY STORY. Oon-ven'-ieno-es, things to make life easy. Cen'-tu-ry, a hundred years. Cut'-ler-y, things to cut with, such as knives and scissors. Mln'-e-rals, substances found in the earth. Lo-co-mo'-tive, moving from place to place. Cor-re-spond'-ence, letters. Oan-als', water-roads, made, not natural. Tel'-e-graph, a message sent from a distance by electricity. Ed'-l-tor, a person who prepares writing for the printer. Photog'raphy, thu art of nialaiii; pictures by means of light. A'-gen-oy, action. Mir'-a-ole, a wonder. Viv'-id-ly, livingly. Re-nowned', famous. Prov'-i-dence, care. Civ'-il-ised,educated, not barbarous. 1. I live in a house that has conveniences and comforts which even a king could not command some centuries ago. There, are ships crossing the seas in every direction, some driven by steam, and some by the wind, to bring what is useful to me from all parts of the earth. 2. In China and in India, men are gather- ing the tea-leaf for me; in the Southern States of America and in India, they are planting cotton for me ; in the West India Islands and in Brazil, they are preparing my sugar and my cofFcc; in Italy and in France, they are feeding silk-worms for me ; at home, they are shearing sheep to make me clothing; powerful steam-engines I A MODERN FAIRY STORY. 1.3 for lY. essage sent from f electricity. )n who prepare) ;he printer. \i art of inakiiig Bans of light. der. y. aus. :e. ted, not barbarous. use that has tnforts which lot command Therq. are seas in every en by steam, incl, to bring me from all 2. In China I are gather- r me; in the America and [anting cotton West India izil, they are ^ar and my id in i ranee, ilk- worms for • are shearing steam-engines I fire spinning and v 3- My fortune is small, yet I hivp 1^.^ .• feet likones/of ' t,/o 1% TT^" " P"^" out human touch bvfLT- ^i " ' ''™^° *'*•>- B A„,i :. °"™' "y 'he simple agency of lio-ht d'th?"mi;:c.: r:,; "' -^ '''"^^' ^ ^-- Jtaks; for they carrv me ilS i^ ""^ ^''''"''n places, but to alSr ZTl T ^°'^ '° "" :viviclly before me :^rthe S a^, '^ ' T '"™S old ; and for mv n»„ . '' ^""^ ™°n »f #^11 their deeds TLT > - ""'^ renowned of the pole, and from rherr ™'" '^' ^^»^'°' '» foofi.nbf:;^^:^-;-"""-"^"'^ I ' ^ ^^^^* ^s the miracle of God's 14 ENGLISH READER — BOOK IV. goodness and providence, that each individual of the civilised millions that cover the earth may- have nearly the same enjoyments as if ho were the single lord of all ! Questions. — 1. In what respect are we better oflF than even a king was hundreds of years ago? 2. How do ships sail? 3. Where do we get tea from? 4. Where is cotton grown? 5. Where is Brazil, and what conies to us from there ? G. What is reared in Italy? 7. What is cutlery? 8. Name somo minerals. 9. How are locomotive engines driven? 10. What is gas made from? 11. Who is the chief printer in a photo- graph- r's studio? 12. What is the equator? 13. What are the poles ? Dictation. — Learn to spell and write out section 5. Exercises.— 1. Learn to spell the following words : Con-ven'-ience Clotli'-ing Tel-e-graph'-ic Pcs-ses'-sion Cen'-tu-ries Cut'-lery Through-out' Ke-nowned' Braz-il' Lo-co-mo'-tive Phot-og'-raph-y E-qua'-tor Shear' -ing Cor-re-spond'-ence A'-gen-cy Civ'-il-ised 2. Parse every word in the following sentence : Thought and patience and work can perform greater miracles than any we read of in the most wonderful fairy tale. 3. Add suffixes to the following words: House; comfort; Icing; command; steam; loind ; useful; home ; fortune ; world; serve; perfect; human; simple; luonder. 4. Make nouns out of the following verbs and adjectives: Live; command; useful; planting; preparing; shear; spin; sick ; serve ; draw ; simple ; act ; jjlease ; extended ; cover. 5. Give the princii)al parts of the following verbs: Drive; bring; spin; make; run; tell; go. 6. Give the meaning of the following phrases : (1) Even a king could not command these comforts. (2) To carry my correspondence. (3) Telegraphic lines. (4) The simple agency of light. (5) The miracle of all my possessions. (6) From the equator to the pole. (7) This picture is not overdrawn. 7. Write down a list of some of the things we get from abroad, and say what country produces them. 15 [dividual of earth may if ho were off than even do ships sail ? cotton grown ? ere? 6. What 8. Name somo n? 10. What er in a jthoto- What are tho in5. rds : I Pcs-ses'-sion Re-nowned' y E-qiia'-tor Civ'-il-ised : Thought and J8 than any we oase; comfort; fortune; world; and adjectives : ; shear; spin; id; cover. ; verbs : Drive ; 3es : (1) Even a I) To carry my simple agency oi (6) From the rdrawn. ja we get from BEAVER. A-dapt'-ed, fitted. En-dur'-lng, lasting. Se-lec'-tlon, picking out. Re-paired', mended. Excess', the too-much. Am-phlb'-l-ous, living both on land and in the water. Crev'-l-ces, small holes or openings. Slulo'-es, flood-gates ; openings for tho water to flow away by. Ex'-ca-vate, dig out. War'-y, careful, always on the look-out. In'-stinct, the power to do things with- out thinking. Sa-gao'-l-ty, intelligence, good sense. Pad'-dle, a broad flat oar. Lo-cat'-ed, settled. "^ I. Canadian boys and girls ought to be especially interested in the beaver. As the lion represents Eng- land, and the eagle the United States, so is the beaver the emblem of Canada. Every one knows how valu- able is the fur of the beaver, and almost every one has heard how clever an animal he is. Indeed, the 16 ENOLISH HEADER — BOOK IV. bcnvcr lins always been considered as one of tho cleverest of all animals, and to some extent this is true. 2. Beavers are not, however, really luori^ clever than do«vs or elephants ; but they generally live together in societies or villages, all working together for the common good, and so they can accomplish things that dogs and elephants are (piite unable to do. They are amphibious animals, living botli upon tho land and in tho water ; and, when they are going to establish a village, tlu^y always seek a place which is adapted to their peculiar mode of life. 3. Usually they choose some running stream, with thickly wooded banks, and their first care is to construct a dam across tho river for tho purpose of collecting a constant supply of water. This is quite necessary to their existence ; for they would perish if the stream were to run dry in the summer time, and in the winter they n ust have a sufficient depth of water to allow them to swim freely under the ice. It is necessary, therefore, that their pond should be six or eight feet deep, for the ice which forms their ceiling is often very thick. 4 The dam which the beavers construct is always a work of great labour, and of very solid and enduring workman- shij). All the beavers in the society — except a few males called ' idlers '—join in working at it, and they shew great judgment and sagacity in their selection of the best spot for building it. The materials of which th.e dam is built are wood stones, and earth. They choose a tree close to the river side, and apply themselves wdth diligence to THE nKAVKU, 17 cut ,t tl,ron,i^l, vvitl, tluir sharp elusd-sliap..,! front tr."tl,. . \MH«n it fulls, th,.yo.naw it thro.in], into j.imjs about tlnvo f.-.t in Lnntl,, an.l tin., placo tlH' lo,,sat tin. Lotton. of thoriv.r, piling, earth an.l .stonrs up„u then, so as to kcrp then, in their rT I 7 '.'" "'^^ '^'''''' ^^'^ '^^^'' "'to the hotto.n ot tl.e r.vor, hut siu.ply lay then, clown flat Non.etnnos thrustino- snuilk-r hranelu-s between the larger ones. ., They seldon. cut (lain looks like a carefully pJantcMl liodgo. o. Tlio pomis toruiod by the heavers in this way sometimes cover five or six hundred acres. Tliey <,'enerally spread over jrrounds ahoundin^^ with trees and hushes of the softest wood, such as maple, hirch, poplar, and willow ; and, in order to preserve the dams a,i,minst sudden tloodinir, the heavers leave sluices near the middle, by which the excess of water may flow away. lo. Closer to the dam the beavers ])uild then- houses, or ' lod,tres,' as they are usually called. Each lodge is intended to hold five or six beavers, and their shape is somewhat like that of great bee-hives. They are built of bvnnches of trees twisted together, and strengthened with moss and mud, the walls being five or six feet thick, and so strong that no beast of prey can break in. The roof is finished outside with a thick layer of mud, which the beavers smooth ott" beautifully with their broad tails. 11. Every lodge has two doors, or means of entrance. One of these is on the land side, and opens into a deep ditch which the beavers excavate round the lodges on that side. TLr other opens below the water ini:o the great pond foni.t;! I.y the dam. The beavers can thus get in tmd out of their lodges on either side without being seen, a matter of great importance to them, as they are very shy, and only work in the dark. T£. The beavers spend all the long and dreary 'vvf.i.ter, protected from the cold, within their lodges. i>uring ti summer, they collect a quantity of [V. tly forinod, to that tho (lain 0. The poiKl-i iictirncs cover lerally spread nd biislies -)t" h, poplar, and dams against I ices near tlie ier may flow rs l)'iil(l thoir called. Each heavers, and Gat bee-liives. Htcd together, Lid, the walls rong that no of is finished , which tho their broad or means of nd side, and ^ers excavate other opens )rnjed. '-ythe i out of their en, a matter ire very shy, f and dreary . their lodges. quantity of THK IIKAVKR. 19 small logs and branches, and fasten theni under tho wator, close to their lodges. I„ the wint<.r-tin,e. unds. Ihey have only to .live into the water and In i 7 "" n" "' T'^'' ^^''^""^'V'^'r they are liunrrry and t u-n they make a capital n.eal off the bark' 13. Bc-avers arc. extremely wary and cautio.is nnunals, and It is l.ar.lly possible to take ttn bysur^nse. ^M-.never any one approaches their Ihige, the beaver who first perceives the stranger, once stnkes the water with his tail, to .dvo mat ' ^^ll^^'^'^5''-«- ^^-^-; and all those ^llo may be swnnmmg about or sitting on the and mstantly pl„n,e beneath the water^and tak MioltiT in tlioir liaMtntions. ». It is only wlien living in society that tl.o beaver .,l,ow,s s„cl, wonderful in.stinetK as tl 1 To .ave spoken of. In countries where it rn „ h Asurbed byn,a„,tl,e leaver leads a solitar^ f and docs not then exhibit a sagacity superfo to Omt of many other wild aninrals. u. Ev n n North Amenea, where the Wve.-s general ylivo m vdlage,, the,, arc always a few%hat L 1 hcse ves. Th, se build no dain.s nor hon cs i^r themselves, but simply Jig long burrows n tho calthem 'Hers, and find them much easier to catch than thoir swial brethren. 16. The bcavor lias a beautiful thiel- sn-l -nt which is greatly valued .nd .sougifX "lut' .yields a scented .ubstanee, which is me;i ,• Wy. The hunters eat^h t,t\7l:r5 -^U EXG'LISJI JJKADKK— I'.OOK IV, • *'7' '.T^-'l "'''"^ ^^'^'''^' ''''''' ^'^'^'^^ Jimds of beef TUK HKAVEI^. 21 SUjniARY AND X0TE3 tnl,„ as rats, mice, «,ui,rti, E ' I\,,, > "f '° "'" '"""-' - ti.e uppe,. ,•„., ,v,,i:,. .s: :;,:«/"■" '-''■. ;-"■ it can ii,c in .-naivin- ,,,„,. , , , ," "'"'•''• "'"' "1"'^'' -.ctauo .„;;;;:: t -i"!,':: ..fr-r;' °''" '""■' lensll., witi, a d.ort rontKl 1 .„! , ' 1°''°'"/ "?• '"" '" »rtel,esl„„t f„,.. TI,o.„esitVt,,t'w'i, *■''"'' lo«etliei- l,j- tl,c skin so fl„i -, ""'*'"'' " J'"""'' 3. Its tail i tlat, ; 2 ' ;„ ';•" 7"" .™J .live cas.ly. : l»™y scales, „„,I tl,c a L ,„" i ttu' ,• ' ■°""'"' "'"' nl»in,.Uteri„g „„,d oveHt:h„r°T , ' w:™'""? "'"' I". tin, Europe and i„ Nortl.cm America 4 7 lally in societies ; and it bnilj, , 7 1' , ^ "'°* «>■■'«!- logs ;vi,ic,. it en,s\v.t„ i.V r,! ,' ,. "L ,:'' nf , "'' '"""' ' gi'eaty valued for i(^ f.,,. ,..i • i • , ^^^^ beaver 13 ■ on..nk ana :a;it::;:;sr„?t:;' '"^ -'""""-"■™ : >.o.se,, or any ordinary .dd lir" Wh" „td of '!""' ?" t .ey generally cln.ose for tbeir villaees , 4 Wl J,' "e "° sl'ape? 11 How.lo,., Tl 1 ■'■''■"''' ''*"'' ^^'^I'-it is their '-vers warn each othe^^i/Tcilt L:;;"^"i4 h" 'T '" tiuy Leavers Jive ? 15 Whi)- rln , I'x " ■""'^^ '^" S"''" 1«. To «.l,a. trd,e of „:;„", '.^ r^t "l. P" ""= "'">'" ' "thcr animals are inclnded i„ ,"•''"'<" ■'"■■'"ns! 17. Hla.t Wnd of front leell, 1 " ■! f ' ' i" ?'™ ''■''"■ "»• "'I'"' '»■' 'i^»' 2,, How does tLe bea;:t sli™, '^Wll^n:: 22 ENniJSTr READER — ROOK IV. beavers principally fouml ? 23. Wlicro uaed the beaver to live once ? Dictation. —Learn to write out section 2. ExEmusRS. — 1. Loam to spell the following words : Val'-u-a-blo Ncc'-es-sa-ry Piec'-es Pcr-ceivc' Con'-er-al-ly Suf-li'-ciont Trow'-el Sa-gac'-i-ty So-ci'-c-ties Ma-te'-ri-als Us'-u-al-ly rer-fum'-er-y. 2. Parse all the words in the following sentence : Every person knows how valuable is the fur of the beaver. (Horn is an adverb modifying rnlunhlc. It also connects the two sentences •everyone knows' and 'the fur is valual)le.' It is therefore a conjunctive adverb, or adverbial conjunction.) .S. Give the principal parts of tlie following verbs: Dwell; know; do; (jo ; nfck ; choot^e ; build; work; ulicv) ; fall. 4. Turn the following adjectives and verbs into nouns : Clever; valuable; work; thick; establish; deep; sufficient; dili(ient ; appear ; possess ; resemble ; 2^1'eserve ; siron Until at last in famous France ^ho gentler fortunes fonnd • Though poor and bare, yet she was deenu-^ ilie ±an-est on the ground • ^^ An'^u/-^'" 'l","^'"" ''"■"'■'"'» '■-'•■''■'I. And this fair lady seen mU, full consent of all his court He made his wife and queen. It will '^'""'™-^^'^ ^^^ '^-^0.. ran kkaokxo. the .Le accent very Lo.'^tirir"'"'/";""^'^''^^''^) ^'^^ give a// his attention tVi",^,^ S V,," .f" ""'"' ""'•^* Lnt . I'l ''f ! "'^ *'''"«' I ^^-''"^ I'^'^'ri's I content •' ^^-w..3ii,hten.h...j::---^^^^^^ «'/..-cA. Take care of the 0/-. UK L; -^^'', ""I'''--^*'*^ ^vord i.s 26 No ENGLISH READER— ROOK IV. .t^::Ln'tr:r '^ "--^"^"'^ "^^^^^ -^ Avoid the accent on t/,al ; ami make ^.e.^A„, one word ' eZh ^^'"' " ^"''"^ the accent on /or; and place the TonV , No aecent on the ness in ^«fe<«e.. /-Line 8 • No accent on mcuj / Make mai,...„ioi-. one word '^ » • ^« word-Lit^r'n ' ^I'^^^^l^'^^^^ on so; nuke .ay/„^..o one word.-Linc 3 : Do not say : But what | say'st thofi' Read • But what-say'st-thou ?_Line 6 : No accent on to ! Make t' Vour-yrace one word.-Line 7 : No accent on he! Make .L/l Ic-the-dubj one word. iu-me wia«- VmsE 6.--I.i„e 1 : Wm-tlm,->lim as one wotd— Line ' • Wn worf-Linff- v"""° T. '» "«* ** » the l;h,S b^lre'' It;!:;::',:" Tin^rrr'n t*. »"»■"-' I*, nnn «,n^ 1 T • o^k f ai . father? 4. Why did ^rt^Lrc^Sli V^w^tTas* t^: S:^nr%^^tft '^''^f ' '^^ '^'"^'^^^^"^ betweent:! and CordeTia^oV f'^J^^^'^^^-^f^ont in England, where did i^oraelia go ? 7. What hai>pened to her f liere ' DiCTATiON.-Learn to spell and write out verse 1 EXEECISES.-L Learn to spell the following words • PliVhTed I'tT'''^ ^--«ve' Main-tained' Plight -ed Qui.et-ness Realm Pa'-tiont-ly i : IV. me word.— Line 6 : '■e as one word ; and le word.— Line 7: one word. 'or; and place the ir-hi(jhnei^s as one ness /-Line 8 : No make saying-so one i^'st thofi ? Head : b on to ! Make to- he! Make shall- '^ord,— Line 2 : No is the emphatic atic words, should nisli-thee-mii-court, rt and child ; and phasis on ivell! — The 6th and 7tli ' That lovingly I accent on he! — sten on to dying, ■ord.— Line4: No I. i 5 : No accent on g Lear ? 2. What !m promise their . What was tlie ween Regan and land, where did ie 1. ords : Main-tained' Pa'-tiont-Iy KINO LEAH AND HIS THREE DAUGHTERS, 27 2. Explain the following phrases: (1) So princely seemin^. 3 Ere that I see your reverend age the smallest grief sustain. 4 Ihe worst o all extremities. (5) How is thy love allied (0) My pompal state. (7) Flattering speeches won renown 3. Write a short account of King Lear and his dan^hters 1^1 tt/"' T?f °"*i'"? \l'' ^^'^^' - ^^ king, had-th^" 7ShZ\x.^\ "^ *•'"" """^ ^'^y^lnc-h of them would ' d tW won rr'f 'T' '' ''"'• ^'^ ^^«^» -'^ Gonorell ad hey would die for him; and Gonorell said she would .erve lum day and night; but Cordelia would only promised duty of a child. (4) Lear drives Cordelia away, aiuWividi is kuigdoni between her sisters. (5) Cordelia wLders a' out in i^ngiand, and then goes to France, where the king marries her A TALE WITHOUT AN END. Mon'-arch, a king. Can'-dl-date, a person asking for an office or honour. De-lib'-er-ate, slow, calm. Stip-u-Ia'-tions,conditions,bargain. Gran'-a-ry, storehouse for grain. Lo'-oust, a winged insect, very destructive to vegetation. Cu'-blt, an ancient measure equal to the length of the arm from the elbow to the tip of the middle-finger; about a foot and a half. Ca-price', whim, a foolish fancy. In-gen'-ious, clever. De-vice', plan, scheme. . An Eastern monarch made a proclamation, that f any man ,vould tell him a story that shouU last or ever, ho would make hi„> hi heir, and .>Vo nm the pr.ncess, his daughter, in marriage; huf ' any one shonU pretend that ho had .suc1> k sto^; to an end-ho was to have his head chopped off. 2. ior .such a prize as a beautifnl princess and a kingdon,, many candidate,, appeared ; ami dt^d- iuUy long stories some of them told. Some ll ted a week-some a month_so,„e six months P«r 28 ENOLlSir IfKADKI}— nooK IV. follows ! thvy all spun tboin out as hmrr as thoy possibly conld, you may bo sure; but all in vain; soonor or later they all came to an end ; and, one atter another, the unlucky story-tellers all had then- heads chopped off. 3. At last came a man who said that ho had a ■story which would last for ever, if liis majesty would bo pleased to give him a trial. He was warned of his danger; thoy told him how many others had tried and lost their heads • but he said ho was not afraid, and so he was brought before the king. 4. He was a man of a very composed and deliberate manner of speakinn-- and after stipulating for time for his eatin'o-' drmkmg, and sleeping, he thus began his story: "^ '0 kmg! there M-as once a king who M'as a great tyrant ; and, desiring to increase his riches ho seized upon all the corn and grain in his kingdom, and put it into an immense granary, which he built on purpose, as high as a mountain. 5. ' This he did for several years, till the granary ^vas quite full. He then stopped np the doors and windows, and closed it up fast on every side. 'But the bricklayers had, by accident, left" a very small hole near the top of the granary; and there came a flight of locusts, and tried to get at the corn. e. But the hole was so small that only one locust could pass through it at a time. So one locust went in and carried off one grain of corn ; and then another locust went in and carried off another grain of corn; and then another locust went in and carried off another grain of corn • and A TALK WTTTIDT'T AN KND. 29 tli.'ti another locust wont in anne with the • the foolish J ingenious fficer in India, . A. Pears. ig offer to make in his daughter lihire ? 3. Did e stories last? A TAFJ-; WITFIOUT AN END. 81 f M r.. What happened to tliein ? Ck What sort of man was it who 8airoe]amat.on. (2) He would make him his heir. ^3T Man^ locusts, (Others may be given.) 32 ENULISII 1!1:A1>I;U— IH)OK IV. KING LEAR AND HIS THREE DAUGHTERS. TART II. Do-cayed', wasted away. Chief'-est means, most of his Jiioiipy or }.;oo(l.s. Train, followers. Wont, ill tlio habit of doing. Al-low'-ance, iiL'rnii.s.sion. Hie, to liasti.'u. Scull'-lon, ftcuil-on Cour'-age Dauc^ht'-er l>oubt-i„g Re-pos-sess' Swoon'-inc. Grieved ^ -J- - -J •> <->t/ii "luy *i*?';t:,,f 'i^iTf.'^-'- (" She to„k„.„„, „i,„j,, V-; -iMenty men M'ere wnnf /'i\ \\n w- well wtbin her conrt. (Others n.^ be "htn )^^ '" '^' 7. Write a short paper from the followinrrouthne. rn P takes everything away from Lear an +^7 V- ^'^ ^'^S''^" rospcct. (2) He goes to GoiordT (Tl n ' n" ^''''^' ""^ ™ay have the kitehen crap b„ l^oth""' '''"' '"''" ''« returns to Keoan (5) s I ! 7 ? "= '"°'''- (^) "e (6) He goes ag^'ro G „;^ 1 '^^heTo '"''5 ^^-^ ^°"'^^- from her dooi° ^^\ T . ' ^ *"" •''^"^'^ him away 39 •ds: WOOn'-iunr o itence : Kinod, the mouth, ■Nvliich grind down the phints upon which he lives, just as a pair of niill-.stones would do. ii. There i.s usually only one tooth on each side of the jaw above and below, but these arc of iinniense size, and their tops are flat. Besides his great back teeth, the elephant has two teeth in the front of his mouth in the upper jaw. These grow out of his mouth to a great length, and they are generally called the tusks. 12. Young elephants have only little tusks, and those of the females are also small ; ))ut the tusks of the males may be six or eight feet in length, each as heavy as a man could lift. The elephant uses his tusks in fighting and in protecting himself against his enemies. When left alone, the elephant is generally very quiet and harndess, but he is very savage if he is attacked by a tiger or a man, and he can inflict very terrible wounds with his tusks. 13. He also seizes his enemy with his trunk, and dashes him upon the ground, or he tramples him to death with his huge feet. It is not very safe, then, to hunt elephants, especially as they can run very fast for a short way, though their bodies are so heavy and they look so clumsy. 14. Elephants, however, are greatly hunted for the sake of their tusks, from which we get ivory. So many elephants, indeed, are killed every year for their ivory that they are becoming very scarce in many places. Ivory is an expensive material, and is used for all kinds of ornamental work ; and it brings so high a price that even the naked savages of Africa will venture their lives against 44 ENGLIsrijiEADEI.-ROOK JV. the elephant, and vow ^n and both arc ve^ J" ""'' °"" '" Africa: great heavy creature, witH """f "■■• ^"'^ »« 'eg.% and withlea' ho^ , '^'l ''f * """ t^* Both have the salt^^'f^l. "f " ^'^'"■'• same short tails and f U ""'^ '"^"^s. 'he wayof ™,ki„,; rBo^;r;t,-;-'t: """""'« brown or grayfeh-black colour thou'r ^'''■"'" then one meets with » wl,;. , , ^h now and thought to bo of Sefait t: "'t'^'l ""^"^ '' phant, however is easily t T ° "^'"^^n ele- olephant by hil 2at fltl"""'" *'''"" ""= ^"*an other differences '^^"^ '""^' ""'^ ^ certain p.aifo?j;Xo?rnd!i7n:;"r^-'-mpy and they are%en;ra";'fo:^i'';„'f"--dA«^^^ or forty together. S^H^Jl^l'^ f "**^ hundreds are met with • nn/l 5 °* ■*™™' a .solitary elephant J^ommont '"^""''^ ^'^ ""'I phant-that, t is thouS,rb ^ f"^ " "'^"^ ''^<'- hyhiscompanionsb^clu 'he"w^^°,*r?-y ^vage. TJ>ey live to a great a "en '^t^^''""^ ''»'' a« one hundred and iift/yet,®lT«'P' f ' """='' are easily known by the gTeat 1." , " "" "''''^^ their tusks. ,.. Now-a-days the Af*" '"'" ''"" "^ B never tamed, but is siS!; f. fi'"^" '^'''Phant and there are much we7jf t^b™*!^""- '"^ i™ry, t« oe. There was a timi I"" "'"" *^^^^ "'^'^d ^Hcan elephant waT i:^^:^^^:^ Z IV. ELEPHANTS. 4r) fighting or as a beast of Liirdon. At present it is only in India and some of the neiglibouring countries that the elephant is tamed, and there il is rightly thought to be one of the most valuable and useful of all animals. nd swampy and Africt ; 5 of thirty of several !s We find I'ogue ele- ven away ■tured and s as much old males fifl size of elephant lis ivory, 5ere used hen the ised for fiUilMAUY AND NOTES. 1. Only two living kinds of elephants are known. One of these is called the Indian elephant, and lives in India, Ceylon, Siam, and Eurmah. The other is called the African ele- phant, and is easily known by his great fiaijping ears. 2. The elephant is a ve;/ large animal, with thick legs, a very heavy head, and a short tail. The skin is thick, with very few hairs, Tlie nose is very long and very flexible, and is called the • trunk.' The nostrils are placed at the end of the trunk, and above them is a kind of fleshy finger, which can be used to pick up any little thing that the elephant wants. 3. The aniaial uses its trunk as a hand,, to take hold of anything that it wishes. It puts its food inf,o its month with the trunk, and it also drinks by first filling its trunk with water. 4. Tlie elephant lives upon vegetable food, such as grass or the leafy branches of trees, which it gathers together with its trunk. It has great back teeth, with flat tops, with which it chews' its food. It also has in the front of the upper jaw two front teeth which grow out to a great length, and extend far beyond the mouth. These are known as the ' tusks.' 5. In the male elephants, the tusks grow to a great size, sometimes six or eight feet or even more in length, and the animal uses them for fighting. 6. The tusks are made of ivory, and a great many elephants are killed every year for the sake of it. Ivory is like bone, but harder and whiter, and is used to make all kinds of things, such as the handles of knives, paper-cutters, billiard-balls, &c. 7. lu India the elenhant ia often tamed, and is Ljely a beast of burd^ Sen, as it is not only very strong, but also very obedient and very thoughtful ^ 10 '-N"u.sif iM;.\f.|.;i;_no()K- n\ "'•oc-Ie,,lantstanKulan 1 ''''V'';' '• '" "'"^t -""try - «- ei.pi..,.,. t.';::^^ik :;^':r'""* 7 r^*" '"• ""^" • ^- ^^''-''^ 't ••'■ally corrc.H,.on.l y - ,.. '; '" ""'''^t !•••"•<; «f tl.o In..Iy ,h,v. I'-v the el.,.l..„t drinks ) W L "l J"""'^'' • "• ^^-''•••- tliat mibstaneo ? "'^* *"'"«« »ro made from DrcTArrox.-Learn to write out section 2 ^^---.-I.Wa to speil the following words: Oir-afFo' '^on'-e-ral-Iy t-''ar'-ria<'-t's Or'.di.„a-ry Kx-traor'-di-na-ry 2. P.u.e every word ;;hr7:;"" ^'-1--- >adr„iKHl understood. .J,. LV' "5 ''/ '^''''^''^^''''y the noun convspondin. to the second «s Thl'? ' T''''''"" '"^'' ■'">'' ""«l'6i-.^- tall understood Til h f"""^ "■^' ^'^ '-^'^ ^'Iverl,, 'Not as tall as the g,r.,re is J/!') ''' '^'"^"^^ ^""^^^ '- i" A.H : 4. Turn the followinrr verbs and ^'i; .■ • "-; reoular ; ,,,/,, , r//w;,t;'" /"'j^f ^^« "^t" nouns : ^«y,, special value. ^ ^ ^^e m hite elephant is thought to be of irni-i IV. '"^' «'lf|iliants an <• in wJiiit f(tuiiti\ 'J^'" ? 4. Wlint aiv t" m.m ? r*. W'li.u t "f tlie Imdy ,I,„,s 'I'liiliit live iijK.ii ■■ I't'''^ a Dt.,scnl„. ii'l)liant'.s 'tusks?' ■ Wliat siil)stiviRv "!,'« firo made from orda • lor'-di-na-ry Diise' 'an'-ions ^ : TJiu t'I(>|)])ai,(; ' 's "lit as tall fy'"y tho noun 'fy'".!^ fa I/, and ^' is an adverb, iilil be in full '; 3: /7«(/; ride; 'le nostrils is a oi'giit to be of nt' from tlio 0"- (3) How 47 TTFE LOST Sin P. Pen-nons. flags. ] staunch, strong and true. | Craft, tl.c ship. 1. There sailed a Img of a thou.sanURGH CASTLE. Gar'-rl-son, the body of troops pusted in a castle to hold it. Bat'-tle-ment, a wall surrounding the top of a castle, pierced with openings for the soldiers to shoot through. Moat, the wide ditcli— filled with water — round a fortress. Swarth'-y, having a dark com- plexion or colour of skin. Par'-rled, warded off. 1. The important castle of Roxburgh ^ was a very large fortress, situated near where two fine rivers, the Tweed and the Teviot, join each other. Beino- within live or six miles of England, the English wanted very much to keep it, and the Scots wanted very much to take it. 2. It was upon the night of what is called Shrovetide,'' a holi lay to which Roman Catholics paid great respect, and kept with much mirth and feasting. Most of the garrison of Roxburgh Castle were drinking and making merry, but still they had set watchers on the battlements of the castle, in case of any sudden attack ; for, as the Scots had succeeded in so many attempts of the kind, and as Douglas was known to be near them, they felt that they must keep a very strict guard. 3. An Englishwoman, the wife of one of the officers, was sittin child in her arms g on the battlements with her and, looking out on the fields 60 a i Wow, she saw ENOLISHMApKn-nooK IV. some black ol>|oete, lik of 111 cattle pointcS C o o\te" 'T\°' *'" ^-^'"^^ «'"^ asked him wCt tliev „'''""' "P™*"'™™. »d the soldier t if F '■ ' ^ooh. Pooh/ .sai,l (naming a man ; ,o^T,n hf """"f'^ ^^"'°' Douglas him elf and h n- ™ ™' ^^*"^' '^«' Waek eloaks above tti™!*^ '>-' P"' about on hands and fl t "f"'' '™™ •^••'=«P«? -n,toget:rnerot^^'-;*;--M-tbL| to be able to set ladder, to it 1 T^° '^'"" ™" ""- who knew nothino. of «,• . ^'"' P'""' ™''an, and began to S^f b ^'eMlr v'^ ™ '"« ™"' that the name of DouWas tl i " *""'' "^""^^ to the English that be ^''°'"'' '° *'"•'■"''<' thcirehildrenwitl if ,'""'' ""*"' *° fngl't™ •>o).aved ill ti: ft ;;"; 3:i» «>-. yhon^be, Douglas take them ' And f " ^'^^ "'o Blaek singing to her child: '"""^"^ "^^^ *<« c.^eTridririLTritr'^^'^''-- ^ reit at the same time a ■% V. ^^■0 a hen] of he wall, and Ccastlo. Slie itcliman, and 1, pooh/ said »ne's cattle' the castle), ovetide, and their yard ; eforo niorn- iake lie has which they cattle, but liad put re creeping liout beino- itle wall as 'or woman, ti the wall, lust know 50 terrible 3 frighten ^Jicn they lie Black wife was a voice time a THE TAKING OF ROXBURGH CASTLE. 51 heavy hand with an iron glove « laid on her shoulder ; and when she looked round, she saw the very Black Douglas " she had been singing about standing close beside her, a tall, swarthy, stronj?' man. 8. At the same time, another Scotsman was seen climbing over the walls, near to the sentinel. The soldier gave the alarm, and rushed at the Scotsman, whose name was Simon Ledehouse, with his lance; but Simon parried the stroke, and closiro- with the sentinel, struck him a deadly blow with his dagger. The rest of the Scots followed up to help Dou ments 1^'%:"^"'^ Swarth'-y Hol'-i-clay Succeed''^*' q ^V l'?''^^ iV'-Wed' ^- Parse each of f I. , "" ^'^'-^^'''^ <'f t'.o ..hUors ^Lf;r;o^i:'^''^^'"--. sentence. AH„, «-'"-. and the child. ' .1,, •*'',''"* ^^-^^'- i-tecte 2 •n-.'.er n, .,,,,„, ,.„, ^ ^ "yjJ:*'^'^ «^ -'definite „un,b ° 4- Add suffixes to the fJ ■ '-''^''^'^^--■ru; success ;;or^rZS,'?j'^^ '^'V„.,., ,,,^^. •'5- Wake nouns of the folio!- ^ '^*' ^^ ^"•«^^^^- ^^V i "" J leai, quiet; «:;;;,.''' «„„„„ ,„„,, ,.„ .,„,j-',;'^;^w.er ,^.e «. W,. (2, The wife „, .nomTr.7l;Z *' >■»"* «' «-e tl" (Oj Jaking of the rv. 2. What wastlio t became of tlio Sw.arth'-y I'ar'-ried Sol'-diers ^ntcuco : Many ]>rotocte(I tho ^finite number, '"> joiiiinL' tlic rtant , name , 'otcct; sing'. Import- ves real , quiet; ■^^s: Keep; m Catholics '*■ gave the 'd with the ■ the follow- of the Eng. attlements, be sentinel her baby, »i? of the 53 11 THE HIGHLAND GATHEKING. (FnOM 'THE LADY OF THJ5 I.AKR,' „v sir wALTKU HCOrT.) Braced, tightly Btrung up. i'alse mo rass', morass that hnki^ ■A good f()oting-i)l;ice, but is false to you and deceives. Quest'-lng, auarcliing. Scaur, clifl". Clam'-our, noisy talk. Brand, sword. Stayed, stopped. Prompt, ready. Strlp'-Hng, young man. Ea-says', tries. Re-mote', distant. Op-poa'-lng, opposite. Braes, slopes of a liilL Ravines', narrow hIciis, Se „ i !."'„ 1 1, 'j'-iiui DO tlio crow ^ach va ley, each .sequestered .den Mustered its little liorde of luea "Th ^ as torrents from tl>e heio.ht In Highland dales tli,.?,. .f.. • Still gatherino. L ,," ''^'"''''"•'^ ""'*«' _b yuLung, as thoy pour alonc^ A voice more loud n f / '"""»> Till of*i ' a tide more stroncr . lill at the rendezvous they stood No law but Roderick Dim', conuua^d «feW*ffl into „„„„.„,<,, °°°"'™ V'""'.' Run V«»..w/,8. pa««e afte77./"' ^ '' '^''''''^ *^° ''°''°* ^'^ ^'^' ^nd make a slight ««m^A one word.-Line 6 : Avoid Z 1" ' /'''' "^-^Ae.7.«//.c«^ Vkrse 6.-Line 5 • Vn . ''''''''"* «" "'• ^'>« one word. '"'''"" "" ''""'•'-Line 8 : Make on-h^ Vkrse 7. — Line '^ • Ti,„ i .. \i THE IIKilFLANn fiATOKniNO. 0/ Vki! ic S. -Lino 3 : No acci'irfc on !,i / Vkh.sk U.-Lino 1 : Tl.o pliivvse wiv-lhe-slrram to bo road as one word.— Lino W : Avoid iiccont on Ute ! VicnsK 10. -Lino .'i : Avoid any accent on L tilil. Vkuhk 11.— Lino 8 : O'cr-tha-hmtliH as one word. ViiiwE 12.-Lino 1 : No accont on From, but Jia^tou on to <,m>l wm-Lino .'J: No accent on ) Each sequestered glen mustered its horde. (10) At last they stood at the ren \.2vous. 5. Write a short composition on the 'Fiery Cross' from the followmc; bead. : (1) A messenger is sent througii the country to call the c an to arms. (2) The people leave their work : the hsherman; the smith; the mower; the shepherd; tho i-lou^h- man ; the falconer; the hunter. (3) All buckle on their armour and take their arms. (4) They meet at the rendezvous 58 ENGLISH^READEll— BOOK IV. THE REINDEER. Ac-com'-mo-date, fit. , „^ . , In-t8'-ri-or, the lieart of a country • ' in .^.' 'f ' ^"'■<''''' the part away fro 7 L' ' ^t of ^'"■''^*°^^'''^"-^^- boundaries. I ^^sr-or-ous-iy, with great earnest. , mi . , . "ess and detennination. boon fa „ou, fori " ""■ T'"' '""^ " ^^ '»■>« ••^'twnBiat^i^ THE REINDEEU. 59 e believed. t earnest- iion. inimal, in cold irts of IS lonof mts ol" u, and has never been tamed. In Laplnnd the reindeer is the coiuiaon domesticated animal ; and it takes the place of the oxen, the sheep, ami the horses of this country. 2. Like the cow, it yields a lar^re amount of milk, out of which excellent cheese and butter can be matle. In winter, its hide is of a <,^rayish- brown tint, and white in parts; in summer, it darkens into a sooty brown. Its hair, like tho wool of the sheep, can be woven into warm and durable garments. Lastly, harnessed to sledges, it will carry its master or his goods, at a higher rate of speed and for a longer time than any hoi.se could do. 3. In a country so cold as Lapland, our ordinary domestic animals could not exist ; and tho inhabitants would certainly perish if it were not for this invaluable creature. The reindeer is the only wealth of the Laplander, and a man is counted rich or poor according to the number of reindeer that he may possess. Tlio very rich people may own flocks of a thousand of these animals or more ; moderately well-off people may have three or four hundred; while those who have only fifty or sixty are so poor that they are com- pelled to become servants of the rich. i. During the daytime, the herds of reindeer are driven out to graze, and at night they are brought home to be milked ; after which they are shut up in sheds, or driven into enclosures with walls high enough to protect them from the attacks of wild beasi,^.*^ 6. The Laplanders are unable to have any fixed residence durng the whole year, because they are obliged to accommodate themselves to the peculiar 00 tNC;LlSn READER— BOOK IV. I. cacp snow witl, tliuir muzzles and foiv-ffot .. t .,, sunnnor ti,nc, tla.y can no longor 'ivc n the Wei plams near the sea, for those arc eov«o, "kh CO „ ry where they Hn «"''- ''- bottom of irhorn" Vl'T .'""'™'"* *" "''^ rein on eithor'rof I ^dX S- '"^ T'^ to the side in which he wishef t o tV^Iuf > ^^ moy are somewhat obstinate and TiiK i{f:ixi)i;Eii. 01 grass iinruly, nne reindeer coini.ioi.Iy knoM's Keindecr Sledge. its way across the patldess wikls of LnpLind better than its master, and can therefore usually be trusted to find the right road by itself. The ordinary rate ot travelling of a reindeer harnessed to a sledurs. At iG faithful r own red long and that the lales, who 3er. The e females, leniselves. fitted for ers Lap- fs can be ivent the i frozen avelJino-. indeer is ivhere it is, how- its flesh 'lerefcre a foot, eacli !ed at the ■Like the er, it has ■ peculiar ^e horns, ler deer, omposed 8 we see iot keep he same pair of horns all its life, as sheep and oxen do, but it throws 1 Its horns every year and grows a new pair. 4 The reindeer lives in the northern parts of Europe and Asia, and IS also found in the north of North America, where it is called the caribou. In America it is hunted only for ^' i ilesh and hide ; but in Northern Europe it has been domesci- caed, and is used as a beast of burden, while its flesh is eaten and its milk drunk. Questions.-!. In what climates is the reindeer found' o I„ what countries? 3. AVhere is it a domestic animal ? 4.' \at are the four things for which it is chiefly useful ? 5. Tell me itn "™fi W.^ '""^'r ?"* '"'^^ " ""'"'^'^'y ^' ^ respectable Ihol ■> 7 a^ T,^ ^'^T '^^^Sed to change their place of abode ? 7. On what do reindeer feed ? 8. Why cannot they live in the plains in summer ? 9. How is the reindeer harnessed ? 10. How fast can they go? 11. Tell me about the king of Sweden s remdeer. 12. What difference is there between the reindeer and other deer ? 13. How is the foot of this deer fitted for running over the snow ? 14. What is the reindeer called in North America ? 15. What are its uses there ? 16. How often does it shed its horns ? lesLr''^"'''""^'^''' *"* ^""'^^ """^ ''^^ ^''* *'^° sentences of tho Exercises.—!. Learn to spell the following words : Ap-par'-ent-ly In-val'-u-a-ble In-nu'-mer-a-ble Jour'-ney Do-mes -ti-cat-ed Ac-com'-mo-date In-te'-ri-or Sen'-a-rit Pri Har'-nessed Pe-cul'-iar Trav'-el-lincr J^^ ^""^'^^-^f j-xciv ei-img Vig'-or-ous-Iy J'lr^ f ^^^ T^" ^° *^' ^""''^''"S «^'^*^"°« = In a country 80 cold as Lapland, our ordinary domestic animals could not exist. (So IS an adverb, modifying coM, and corresponding w^h a. ^«is an adverb modifying cold understood ; and the full statement is, ' as Lapland is cold.') 3. Give the principal parts of the following vfirl., . Jiarr • brmy ; shut ; cost ; take ; find; know ; get ; shew '~ ' '" ' 4. Make nouns of the following verbs : Live; inUhit; ^,eave • endure ; carry ; possess ; serve ; fi^ ; reside ; move; sit. 04 I^NGLISH READER— BOOK IV THE SAGACIOUS CADI. PART I. Sheik, an Arab cliicftain. Des-pot'-lc, witli full power over life and death. Re-pute', name or reputation In-teg'-rl-ty, goodness. In-fest'-ed, haunted and troubled Ex-tlr'-pate, root out. Dis-guis'-lng, hidinfT bis face and appearance by a .lifferent way of dressing. Trav'-erse, go through or cross. j Ad-min'-ls-tered, gave out. I Do'-clle, gentle and teacliable. De-cide; make up his mind. Dis-tort'-ed, twisted. In-fal'-li-we, that cannot make a mistake. Have pre-ced'-ence of. must come before. Res-to-ra'-tion, giving back. Op-pon'-ent, enemy or adversary Pre-clss'-ly, exactly. t«-olve tribes. Ove each ,«? r 7^^ "'"' the highest rcDutP fn? f ! ^ ''"^"' " '^'^^ "* ° ™P"™ 'O' integrity ami wisdom T„ the government of his district nothing sl"„, J° escape h.s eye. When he first took the°re nsof « . gove^ment, the country was infested ^vilh ™btt^ but ho .soon found means to extirnate *r ' '- »'»S'"'^inghim.seIfasapoormerch*ntt, ""; out and dropped a gold coin on t e ™ und 7 ''' care not to lose sight of it „ ,,*^ ' *'''""§ happened to pick «p the coi pu it WoT" T''° and pa,s.sed on, Bou-^Akas madfa tn hfe Z^"' who r„.shed forward and cut off the^fl^nd 'rw/: and It became a .saying among the AralKt f ' ch.1,1 might traverse the count.; of B™ T!' n° a golden crown „„ his head I? ^T'^^™ stretched out, fr. foi.^ ,-i *" ■ ^^^^^tl be lerl out to take it. 3. Having heard that the cadi of one of liis twelve THE SAGACIOUS CADI. G5 tribes administered justice in a manner worthy of even Solomon himself, Bou-Akas determined to judge in person as to the truth of the report. Accordingly, dressed as a private person, without arms or attendants, he mounted a docile Arabian steed, and rode to the town of the cadi. 4. Just as he was entering the gate, a cripple, seizing the border of his garment, asked him for alms in the name of the Prophet. Bou-Akas gave him money; but the cripple still retained his hold. ' What dost thou want?' asked the sheik; 'I have already given thee alms. What more can I do for thee?' ' Thou canst save me— poor crawling creature that I am !— from being trodden under the feet of men, horses, mules, and camels, a fate which would cer- tainly befall me in passing through the crowded square, in which a fair is now going on.' 5. ' And how can I save thee?' 'By taking me behind thee, and setting me down safely in the market- place, where I have business.' 'Be it so,' replied the sheik. And stooping down he, with a good deal of difficulty, lifted the cripple up behind him. At length they reached the market-place, e. Is this where thou wishest to stop ?' asked the sheik. 'Yes.' 'Then get down.' 'Get down thyself' ' For what ?' 'To leave me the horse.' ' To leave thee my horse ! What dost thou mean by that ?' 'I mean,' said the cripple, 'that the horse belongs to me. Knowest thou not that we are now in the town of the just cadi ? If we bring the case before him, he will certainly decide in my favour.' 7. ' Why should he do so, when the animal belongs to me V 66 SNGI.rStl READEn— BOOK IV. •no,t thou not tl,ink that, when ho sees thee so me with my weak legs and distorted feet he will «cree that the horse shall belong to the ml who ha, most need of it r ■ Should he do so "1 not be the just cadi,' said the sheik. 'Oh ' a, to that, rep bed the cripple laughing, 'althou d, he t ,iust, he IS not infallible.' ». < So '• thon°Jl,t tl, *eik to himself, ' hero is a capittropp SL*' ..Kigmg the judge.' And then he said aloud^'I am content. We will go before the cadi ' On arriving at the tribunal, where the iud<.e was administering justice in the Eastern mannef t ev found here were two trials which bad meced nee of theirs. . The first was between a pM o oph and a pea.sant. The peasant had carrk 1 off th philosopher's wife, and now asserted tha, .he .vas h« oxvn ,n the face of the philosophy, who T- manded her restoration. What was veiy stran'e the woman remained obstinately silent, and would not declare for cither. This rendered a dedZn extremely difficult. The judge heard both fc attentive y, reflected for a moment, and then said Leave the woman here, and return to-morrow.' .0. The philosopher and the peasant havino- bowed Tardtr': '"'"''^'r ^° ™'-"» --to- ward the la ter covered with oil, and the former Bprmkled with blood. The butcher .pokeTst I bought some oil,' said he. 'from this m , -* pulled out my purse to pay him. The si-'l ' '■ ^ money ' ■ ^ - - ■ - ■ 1.110 to force it from me. I cried out, but seized me by the wrist he vould not >s thco so imbs, and it, ho will man wlio he would )h! as to Jgh ho is ught the tunity of doud: 'I idge was ler, they 3cedenee losopher off the ^.he was vho de- strange, 1 would leeision h sides n said : lorrow.' bowed me for- former e fi'-st. :., ^ic' ^' Uio i wrist lid not THE SAOACIOITS CAW. /»w I'^t mo go, I have JioM the money in my hand and he has continued to grasp mv .yru/tui arc hero before thee. Thfs i,i,?e T ' I T g.ve him change for a piece of gold I drew f •„ Zm ' "^"f "' "' --y- -" >»S n a in"off±'"™'"^'*'y -'-^ "."nd wa, walk h"fn bv tf ^- T""^ '"^'^ ""y °"' ^""^n I caught X i^ I" ™-«t./nd cried out, - Bobber I" ° „ sp.te of my cnes, however, he would not -vivo un the money; and I have brought him before tlee'^ Th., ,s true-I swear it by Mohammed.' T. The cad. made each of them repeat hi, story b t The LrrlcTed^'f '™'" '"-^ ^'^'"'"^^ *^- ine cadi reflected for a moment, and then .said • Leave the money with me, and return to-morrow '' The butcher laid the money on the ed-^rof T — HeandhisoppoLtthent^ed^t ". It was now the turn of Bou-Akas and th» hir f '"'^ ;°^' ^^*'' -'^' «>^ «ho^,'I came luther from a distant country, with the intenZ of purchasmg merchandise. At the trate „f f^ city I met with this cripple who fiVf .1 ^ . " aim. and then prayed th^[ i tlut^ftL Z themr,,,,, Xdt'^ii:r„nr^^^^^^^ ^hat tlie horse belonged to him nn.l +i , ™S wouldst .surely adjudge it to t'sire^i^L'S C8 ENOUSirnEADER-BOOK IV. itmo,st. This, ir.y lord carJi of th e ease — I sw iord/ said the cripf IS pri cisely tlio state ear it by Mohanwned.' u.'Mv 'asl to the matkci'rM-^' Z'' ."''' """"'""Son b>.sine.s.s half dITfr : ^J^ t ,."1-'-*- '^«'^™".^ Mohaimned' i. Ti,^ "^ /ne case— I ;, wear by ^d . leave ho horse here, and return to-m^ow ' TlH^she,k and the cripple then withdrew ZTL robbers? 4. What savint kI P"* ^"^'"^ t^^i^^es and 5. What report leTo^taTo^H" ^^^^^^ trate, 6. What did he dZ^lTtoZ, w " i"^^^^" mee a3 he entered the gate of the ei ty 8 wf? ^'^ ^' did the cripple make to the sheik ro What did I "'""T' the sheik told him to get down ' 10 Wl .f -? , t ' '^^ ^'^^"^ 11. What was the first case Z't o\ ^f '^ *^'^ ^^"""^ *° ^o ? was the second cas ' 13 Te U Z w *t"" ' ^-- ^l^^t 14. What statement did tJe'onSlIerjk'el ^'^ wt^^I-r^^' cadi say? 16. What did Bou-AkL sav t^^fi ^^^^.^idthe 17. And the cripple ' 18 Wl^lf iT.u^ , *^^ magistrate? Dictation T " / ' ''^^ *'" ^^^"^ *" 'i*^? l>iciATio^.-Learn to write out the 15th section r!r':;;--^-^;-*7^"*^^ following words: " ° I . U-tend-ants In-fal'-li-ble '.. ,,'np„f ■ment ^m t. ,,„ - -nent -ence Ad-min'-is-tertl ^ueik Im-me'-di-ate- ness *]2iie' THE SAGACIOUS CADI. y t)')o state 1.' u. ' My )n business belongs to ipl3£.rent]y fed to let fket-plijce, wliat was le refused ts his! I fore thee. • wear by «'peat his Dinent, lie ■mi<')rrow.' from the •ab sheik ? hieves and he Arabs ? or magis- ^m did he it request say -Khen Cree to do ? i2. What :her said. It did the agistrate ? I to do ? •'-nent i ness is lie' 69 relating to its antecedent .Ae^ and it a 1 T ^r"*^"" two sentences or statementT y-zri- ?''V""!' *"Sether t],e simy.) «^atements, J he sheik heed and The sheik held 3. Add prefixes to the followine words • FMr? . -„7 take; fall; set; think; carri^^ ZZT- \l / ^ /' ^'''''' ' ^lifference in meaning between the TLSn' Z'"^^'' ^^'^'^ ^e br.,ht out. SeL, .ould 5^^^!^^^^;^^ ««f • IlTw^/'"'''^"^ ''^'''^'^'' ^"'^ ^'^r^« ''"t« "0"ns : Live • continue; refim. ' ""*' '"S''.'^"'; com-,- rqnfte for in^rity td »; „"" ™ 'im "" " °', '"^ "■«"'^' 7. Tell the story of the butcher and the oil-seller. 70 ENGLISH HEADER— BOOK IV. If A WET SHEET AN^A FLOWING SEA. Sheet a rope used in setting a sail On the lee, beliind us-the part" immediately interestedSril d to hear the cadi's decision. The philosopher ani «o peasant were called first. -Take away thy w,fesa:d the cadi to the philosopher, ■ and\-ee^ her, I advise thee, in proper subjection.' Then turning toward an officer, he added, pointint t" the pea,sant: 'Give this man fifty iuvs' The command was instantly obeyed, and the nhn osopher carried off his wife. /Then cam. fU'a 1 the o. l-merehant and the butcher. 'Here' si the cad, to the butcher, 'her • is thy money ul truly thine nd nol, his.' Then pointing to f! ,! oil-merchant, iie said to an officer: 'Give this mai^ fifty blows.' The punishment was inflicted, and the butcher wc. .ff in triun, h with his money selves. Shouldst thou recog, -se thy horse anion.- twenty others ? said th, ,,di to the sheik. ' Ye," my .^rd. 'Follow me,' .,d th. cadi to the sheik .. Tliey entered a large stable, and Bou-Aka-s pomtod out his horse. 'Jt is well,' said the j.^c^ THE SAGACIOUS CADI. 73 nd justly, believed, s (from Latin ; hand).* iioiig othera. rsons, in ssembled her and 'Vay tliy nd keep Then iting to .' The le phil- f or ward fe,' said . It is to the lis man 'd, and oney. i ijiiom- aniong 'Yes, tainly, sheik. i-Akas .judge. I an, once t liaiida.' Return now to the tril.unal, and send thine advor- mvy hither. The disguised shoik obeyed Tlie crippe hastened to the stable as fast as his dis- torted hmbs coukl carry him. Having a quick eye ^md a good niemory, he, without hesitation, placed his hand on the right animal. 5. 'It is well;' said the cadi; 'return to the tribunal.' When ho arrived tr^ %wl: ^''. P^r "^ *h« J^^'^"^cnt-seat, and wailGd tnl the cripple entered. He th.n said to and take him. Then turning to the officer : ' Give this cripple fifty blows/ said he. The blows were gr m. The sheik went to take his horse 6 ^VTien the cadi returned to his house, he found Bou-ilkas waiting for him. ' What now brings thee hither? asked the judge. 'Art thou discontented with aiy der.sion?' . 'No, quite the contrary,' replied the s k 'But I wish to know by whai mspiration tho. hast decided so justly ; for I doubt not that the other two cases were decided as equitably as mine. I am not a merchant ; I am Bou-Akas, thy sheik, in disguis,, and I wished to judge for myself of thy reputed wisdom ' The cadi bowed to the ground before his master s ' I am anxious,' continued the shoik, ' to know the reasons which determined thy three decisions.' Nothing, my lord, can be more simple. Thou r;lr'^i"d''"^' '" ' "^^'* ^'^ "^^ - 0. 'Well/ continued the ju';ge, 'early in the mommg I caused the woman to be called. "Put fre.h ink in my inkstand," I said to her suddenly • 74 ENCiLISIl HEADEIt — HOOK IV. and, hkc a person m-Iu, liad dono the samo thincr a hundred times before, she took the inkstan.f removed the cotton, washo.l them botli, put in the' cotton a-ain, and poured in fresh ink, and did it an with the utmost neatness and dexterity. So 1 said to myself: " A peasant's wife would know nothing about inkstands-she must belon^ And how about the horse ? la. A\ hat did the sheik then say to the cadi ? •' DiCTATroN.-Learn to write out every word in section 4. Exercises.— 1. Learn to spell the following words : Sa-ga'-cious Ad'-ver-sa-ry E'-quit-ab-ly Im-me'-di-ate-ly As-sem'-bled Ar-rived' Dex-ter' i-ty Sep'-a-rate-ly Phi-loa'-o-pher De-cis'-ion Puz'-zled Neighed 2. Parse every word in the following sentence : The cadi pointing to the oil-merchant, said: 'Give this man fifty blows' {Pointing, a present participle, used as an adjective, and quali- fying cadi. Gil',; the second person singular imperative of g to. the msects upon which they feed; but most of 1 m have sett ed habitations, and stay in a singk spo. Most spiders, m fact, not only build a house for themselves but construct, close by it, a net or seen any day in the common house-spider or the pretty garden-spider. In the building of their houses and webs the ^p.ders use certain silken threads, which « ey manufacture in the interior of their own bofe spiders. The common house-,spider, for examnle across the corner of a room, from wall to wall; and ,n the corner it .spins a dark funnel-.shaped retreat which it u,ses as its abode. 7. Here it wTfs o'f the" n^'a' TtT ''■'''' '^'^^' » "^ ^^ ot the net, and then it rushes out of its den cuts the fly out of its misery with a bite from'^ s ictim. The web of the common garden-tpider again, is a very beautiful structure, bring compo ed cL^Xf- 1™"=- 1'"- «- »P0kes o^f a wj" 1. crossed at mtervals by spiral filaments. «ic.> aio so delicate that we can just see them are nevertheless in reality composed of Z^^ SPTDERR. 79 vc upon Q of the to catch 3 regular huntiijsr most of a sino-]e a house i net or 3 can be or the ebs, tlie b they bodies. ifFercnt tampJo, :tended wall; shaped t waits breads 1, puts 3m its )on its 'pider, iposed kvhecl, lough them, erous Spinnprets of Spider magnified. threads twisted together. Each thread, therefore, is a kind of cable, composed of very many strands! Spiders not only use "their silk for building tlieir houses and ' their webs, but also for many other purposes. 9. When they wisli to let themselves drop from the ceiling or from the top of a tree, they do so witli the utmost ease and safety by spinning a single thread and attaching it to their point of starting. The little gossamer-spiders, which are so common in this country in autumn, and which are no bigger than tlie head of a good- sized pin, perform considerable journeys through the air by means of their silken cords, lo. Their way of ascending into the air is curious. Gather- ing all their feet together, they turn up the spin- nerets, from which shoot forth several tlireads of silk ; these spread like a parachute, and float about the tiny creature, which is wafted away by the flrst breath of wind, and is soon out of sight. 11. Spiders fight a good deal amongst themselves, tlie one which is conquered in battle beino- gene- rally eaten by the victor. Though naturally of a ferocious disposition, spiders can, however, be • tamed by suflicient care ; and a poor prisoner who was shut up in a fortress, once succeeded in making a spider so tame, that it would come to him whenever he called it, and would eat a ny out of his hand, • \ 80 ENGLLSn JlEAJJEll — JiOOK IV. 12. The himting-spider, sometimes called also the zebra-spider from its boldly marked stripes, is very common; and in the summer-time may be seen on almost every wall, and on the trunks of trees hunting for its prey When it sees a fiy or insect which It thinks suitable for food, it sidles quietly m the direction of its victim, always on the watch and ever drawing nearer and nearer, until it suddenly springs upon its prey, rolls over and oyer m a short struggle, out of which it comes victorious with the dead fly firmly fixed in its grasp. 13. In many species, the male spider is much smaller than the female; and, when a male spider pays his addresses or any attentions to a female, and she does not like him, she is not con- turns suddenly round and eats him up. SUMMARY AND NOTES. 1. Spiders are often spoken of as insects, but they are really them. If yoi. look at an insect, such as a beetle or a fly you will see that it has three legs on each side of its body and s^l"l '"T 'T ^'''' '' "^"«^- O^ the other and ' iZ ^l '''''^" ^^' "" TP^'' °f «harp and pointed e ' fern Ivr^T' "^;' ' '''''' ^'^^ of'poison'plL near them When the spider bites a fly, a drop of this p^sonous flujd is forcea into the wound, td the' fly so n lies. 3. Spiders spin a kind of delicate silk, out of which they construct a web to catch insects in. They -ilso usp fhl Bilk whif:h grave er the le cold corner Be-lat'-ed, made late (by the too soon coining on of darkness). Snap'-ping, breaking sharp across. 1. High up on the lonely mountains. The Indians watclied and waited, There were wolves in the forest, and Lcais in the bush, And I on my path belated. 2. The rain and the night togctlier Came down, and the wind came after, Bending the props of the pine-tree roof. And snapping many a rafter. 1 I crept along in the darkness, Stunned and bruised and blinded — Crept to a fir with thick-set l)oughs, And a sheltering rock behind it. 4. There, from the blowing and raining, Crouching, I sought to hide me ; Something rustled, two green eyes shone, And a wolf lay down beside me. 5. There, we two, in the storm and wind : I and the wolf together, Side by side, through the long, long nio-ht, Hid from the awful weather. 6. His wet fur pressed against me ; Each of us warmed the other ; Each of us felt, in the stormy dark. That beast and man was brother. 84 ENGLISH PKADElJ—iJooK IV. IW 7- And ^yhcn th(> fallincr forest No longer cra.slied in warninrr Each of us went fron. our hi,lino--p]aee iortli in the wild, wet mornino. Bni/nrd Taylor. -o,,te,l,,.,;::4Jl™-f„.'« »"'■ <■"• ■"« each b= w^af so;:. :'r:ut rizv z-,;^.':™ j.-r „f«-' --■ blowing? 4. Where .li,] +1,. ^. i * "^ ^^''"^^ ^^'is he see there? 6 Wh be ". f '1 ' T'* '"'■ '■ ^^^^'-^^ ''''1 inorning? ^"''* did they do m the DiCTATiox.-Learn to write out verse 4. ExER.^iSEs.-!. Learn to spell the following wor.h • Wolves'"" If^'-f ^^"'-^ W;.th'-er Wolves Stunned Croueh'-ing Pressed 2. Parse all the words in the foIloAving lines • Something rustled, two green eyes shone, ^^'"l -^ ^volf lay down beside me. d Make nouns o.it of the folIowin-«■ ' «o -loft in hea,^;n. ™' '™^' '" °"^ '"'"'^'^ ^ ^''^" ^e .. Jack bounds aloft, the e.^tplosion inst.p.i,, ^tribltS.''^^^ ^^ '^ ''°'' ''-^'^^ th,t°r M *' "*' P°°' ^"' • Descending ea-^erly they hnd him, as if by miracle, buried under !oelS IMAGE EVALUATION TEST TARGET (MT-3) V.A 1.0 I.I iiilM 1112.5 KS 1^ 112.2 :^ 1^ 111112.0 Ul IIIIM III 1.6 Phntnoranhir Sciences Corporation 23 WEST MAIN STREET WEBSTER, NY. M580 (716) 872-4SU3 # iV iV :\ ^v \ f/j 86 ENGLISH READER— BOOK IV. whicli had arched themselves over him. He is little injured. He too is brought up safe. Well done, brave Will ! Carhjie. QtTRSTTON.s.-l. Where were the two men mentioncfl in thig story? 2. What were they .loing? 3. How many at a time could the man at tlie top haul up by the windlass ' 4 What came mto the mind of one of them ? 5. What did lie do to the fuse ? 6. Tell me how he cut it. 7. What happened ? 8. What did both of them do ? 9. What did they find? 10. What offer d.d Will make? 11. What happened to Jack as ho went upv 12. How was Will found when they went down to look for him? Dictation.— Learn to write out section 2. EXERCISE.S.— 1. Learn to spell the following words Cer'-tain Blast'-ing As-sist'-ant Man'-asje Ve'-he-ment-ly Wind' -lass Re-signs' Mir'-a-cle 2. Parse the words in the following sentence : In a certaiu Cornish mine, two men were engaged in blasting. 3. Add prefixes to the following words, and give their force and meaning: Engaged; complete; manage; mount; safe; chance; generous. 4. Explain the following phrases : (1) The men were engaged in blasting. (2) They had completed their purpose. (3)Voth shouted vehemently. (4) Will generously resigns himself. (5) The explosion follows. 5. Write a short composition on 'Two Cornish Miners' from the following heads : (1) The two miners are blasting. (2) One lights the fuse by accident. (3) Both cannot go up Tt the same time. (4) Will otlei-s to stay. (5) The explosion comes, but he is safe ! e. He is Well Carhjie. lofl in this at a time 4. What B do to the 8. Wliat IVhat offer went up ? > look for signs r'-a-ele a certain heir force ■t ; safe ; engaged (3) Jioth himself. Jrs' from (2) One the same IS, but he 87 THE TIGER. Struc'ture, formation. jRel'ish, liking, jlncess'ant, never ceasing-. For'midable, to be g-reatl^' fp.nrod. Pest, trouble. Lair, the place where a wild beast lies. At-traot', draw. 1. The tiger, like the lion, is a gigantic cat ; and it may fairly dispute the claim of the lion to be called the ' king of beasts.' The ' royal tiger,' as it is often called, is found in India, Southern Asia, and in the large islands of the Indian Archi- pelago ; and it is fully the equal of the lion in strength and activity, whilst it rivals it in courage and beauty. 2. Its fur has a bright tawny yellow 88 ENGLISH READER— BOOK IV. ground, on which deep black perpendicular stripes are placed ; and its long tail, which is whiter than the body, IS banded with similar dark black rino-s Ihese stripes harmonise so well with the du °y jungle-grass, that the grass and the fur cr.n hardly be distinguished, and it is sometimes almost trodden on before it is seen. Unlike the ordi- nary male lions, the tiger has no mane. 3. In the structure of its body and in its habits, the tiger is a true cat, and you can form an excellent idea of it by simply imagining a common cat enlarged to many times its present size. Like all the cats, it walks upon the tips of its toes; and this renders its movements Head of Bengal Tiger, particularly graceful and springy, at the same time that they are light and noiseless. Its claws can be thrust out when required, and are pro- tected within sheaths of the skin when there IS no occasion for using them ; and the tono-ue is quite rough. 4. Like the other members of the cat tribe, the tiger creeps softly and stealthily upon its intended victim, upon which it at last suddenly pounces with a terrific bound It is active both by day and by night ; and it ordinarily lives upon cattle, horses, deer, and other harffiles*s animals. 5. Some tigers, however, acquire so stroncr a relish for human flesh, that they are called ' mant THE TIGER. IT stripes iter than ck rings, e (liu'^'.y n hardly almost he ordi- !. In tlie ody and tiger is you can 'j idea of lagining snlaro-ed present he eats, he tips d this ements i same s claws 'e pro- there gue is of the althily it last It is narily rmless stroncr raan- 89 eaters, and they hnnt men in preference to all other animals. Hundreds of human beings are kil ed and eaten by these savage beasts every year m the countries in which they live 6. The people of India wage an incessant war upon the tiger, and adopt all kinds of ways of ridding themselves of this formidable pest. Some- hunter builds himself a little platform high up in the trees, and then, waiting for the tiger to pass below, shoots him in perfect safety; but perhaps the commonest way is to call in the aid of the elephant 7. In this method of killing the ticker gigantic animals having a mortal hatred to the tiger, and being able, when necessary, to defend hemselves from the attack of theiJ' formidable xoe. Each elephant carries a driver, and one or more sportsmen; and a hunting-party may require ten, or even a score of elephants, s. The pirty natives whose business it is to clear the way through the thic^ grass and bushes of the jurig e, and to rouse the tiger from its lair Hunting the tiger ih- this way is very excitfng 0. Though naturally such a ferocious animal, the iger, like the lion, can be tamed, if its education be commenced in early life, and it h. invariablv treated with kindness." Tame tigers' know S keepers quite well, and are ofteS very fond of them ; and they can be taught to do different kinds I s 90 ENGLISH READER— BOOK IV. Of tricks. 10. The tiger, however, has at best uncertain temper ; and to go into its a cage very '■ ' - -- jgw ^^^^J^J ii/o uo/'itj is dan- geroas, even to those whom it knows best. There are. however, a few cases known in which Hindus have succeeded in taming tigers so completely that there was no necessity for confining them in caches as they would follow their masters about like affectionate dogs. 11. Tigers fr'equent the spots where animals such as spotted deer abound. The chief weapons of he tiger are his very large feet; for a blow with one of his sledge-hammer paws will fell to he ground a large ox. His claws are like small sickle-shaped luiives, and they cut like razors. "^ 12. There are many ways of entrapping a tiger The natives of Oude take a number of broad leaves' smear them with bird-lime, and strew them in the path of the blood-thirsty animal. If he puts his paw on but one of these innocent-looking leaves his fate is sealed. He tries to shake it off, he rubs It against his face, he besmears his nose and eves With It, and glues the eyelids together ; he treads on a few more leaves and gets into a rage; he rolls about and rubs his face on the ground • he tears up the earth with his claws ; till at last a mass of leaves and bird-lime, his roars attrkct to the spot a number of men armed with c^uns and spears and darts, who quickly put an end to their maddened foe. 13. Others dig a pit in the ground near the lair of a well-known ticrer tether a goat to a stake in the centre of the pit, and place « )est a very ?e is dan- it There 3h Hindus etely that 1 in cages, bout like animals weapons r a blow will fell are like cut like a tiger, id loaves, m in the puts his g leaves, , he rubs and eyes e treads age; he und; he 3 last, a attract th guns an end t in the c, tether id place THE TIGER . ^^ a small stone in one of the goat's ears. This stone cau,ses the poor goat to cry piteoubly ; and his cries attract the tiger, who tries to hook out the goat with one of his paws. This is unsuccessful, and he keeps walking round and round the pit ; while the hunters who are in concealment near, take steady aim with their guns and quickly lay him dead upon the spot. SUMMARY AND NOTES. 1. The tiger is a 'beast of prey,' and belongs to the family of the cats. It 18 a very close relative of the lion, from which It IS pnncipally distinguished by the foct that the skin is marked with bright black stripes, and the male has no mane. 2. Its structure and habits are quite like those of the lion It walks noiselessly upon the tips of its toes, and it springs upon Us prey from a distance. Its sharp claws are drawn back under the skm when not in use, and its tongue is so rou-'h that the animal can use it as a rasp or hie for scrapin" the nieat off bones. 3. The royal or Bengal tiger is the only"kind of tiger in the world, an.l it is found in India, in Java bumatra, and in some of the other neighbouring regions. Like the lion, it is simply injurious to man, and is of no use whatever to human beings. Its skin is looked upon as an ornament. QuESTioxs.-!. Where is the royal tiger found? 2. Describe Its appearance. 3. How are the colours of its hide useful to it ' ^«/'J^* Ja^ily of beasts does it belong? 5. How does it walk ? 6 How does it seize its prey ? 7. What does it live on ' 8. How do the people of India try to shoot it? 9. How is it hunted? 10. How can a tiger be tamed? 11. What are the chief weapons of the tiger? 12. How do the natives of Oude entrap the tiger? 13. Describe the way iu which the tiger is attracted by a goat. Dictation.— Learu to write out section 1. I I I 92 ENGLISH READKR— BOOK IV. EXERCISES.-1. Learn to spell the following words : Tawn'.y Stealth'-i-ly In-..f>c' «anf u- ' • Per-iien-diV 1. lo- n ' 1 . , "^^^^'Sant Fo-ro'-cioiis W^n in ^'•-f-na-n-ly Ac-com'-pa-nied In-va'-ri-a-bly Imag.in.ing Pref'-er-euce Succeeds' Pit'-e-ous-l/ auoJT "".*''" r"^' ^" ^^' ^""°^'"S sentence : Timers fre- •». lurn the foUowino' verl)«i nnrl n,N„^<.- • ^ c^w««te- ^m/.,/. , ^^^'^^'^ '^"fi a%ctives into nouns : /'aiV; (2^ In the structure of its body it is a true cat (I Tf stealthdy upon its intended victim ^4/'!'! 1 f }\ '■''^'' »«st be invariably treated with kldnl" '"' **^ '^ *^"^'' 6. Write a short composition on 'The Ticker' from th. following heads : (I) Wliere he lives (O) it ™ ^^^ Vi) He is a cat. (4) What hp i;,! .- ^ appearance. (6) How he is trapped ' °"' ^'^ ^'^^ ^^ ^^ ^^^^^J^ 1 if i I CANADIAN BOAT-SONG. A boat is supposed to be goin<' down tho ^<- t n he Rapids. The oarsmen wUl row dZn-and ^^"7; ^"'* '""''^ far as St Anne's- anri +i,o„ -n ° ^^ *"<^y row— jts Lawrence whe":;Le;^l'StV;rjrit"^^^^^^^^ '''' °^ ^'^^ «^ to the capital of the Dominion If CanTdl '' ^'''' "' """''^ Chime, a tune played upon churcli I Tromh' »«». +1 .. • ., bells. ° """^' *''** 's, the reflection ^ I trembles in tiie water. Surg-es, waves. 1 Faintly as tolls the evening chime, ■ , Our vozees keep tune and our oar; keep time. EXERCISK verse 3. (i aiul is gover 2. Turn tl nai; blow; e-ro'-cioiis n-va'-ri-u-bly 'it'-e-ous-ly : Tigers fre- eer abound. nna together dive adi^erl), [•bs : May ; uns: Fair; '■: require; may fairly g of beasts, 5) It creej)3 be tamed, from the I'pearance. e is killed; just aboT* ly row— HS of the St s its name reflection er. p time. CANADIAN BOAT-SONG. 93 2. Soon as the woorls on the slioro U ^ a- Row brothers, row, the stream runs ^ t -.oRapKls arc near and the c%Ii,ht 's past. Why should we yet our sail unfurl ? There is^not a breath the blue wave to curl • Bu when the wind blows off the shore ' Oh! sweetly we '11 rest our weary olr Blow bree.es, blow, the stream rLTfast ihe Rap.ds are near and the daylight '"ast. 3. Ottawa's tide ! this trembling moon ^hal see us float over thy surges soon Samt of this ffreen islp f !.« ^"-'^ '^°°"' Oh, grant us coo, h liens am w'"''^"^ The Rap.ds are near and the daylight .r;l, Thomas Moore DIRKCTIONS .xn CACTIOXS .OK RKABTNO. -1-ially^b^read wfth great rw^et' ' "'''' ''"^' «^«»^d wo]rrndu.etiih;sSv;::;^^-:^^^^^^^^ ^^^^ -"p^atio I lace tbe proper emphasis (or sense-aecent) on coT ^ '' Dictation.. -Learn to write out the first verse. ExERCTSRs.— 1. Parse every word in the fir«f ♦ ,■ verse 3. (Float is the present infinitn-r f ) r ^'"'' °* and is governed by the verb see.) " "^ '^' ^''^ '' >««> 2. Turn the following adjectives and verbs into nonn, i.- run ; blow ; weary ; hmr ; near. "^""^ ' ^ ^^-^ ' '4F 4{ 94 ENGLISH READER — ROOK IV. THE FOX. Per'-se-out-ed, followed for pur- poses of cruelty. Of-fer any so'-rl-ous re-sist'-anoe, shew any real fight. Con-cealed', hidden. For'-mld-a-ble, terrible. En-dowed', gifted with. I Re-traoe', go back upon. Ex-trem'-l-ty, last shift. De-vice', trick. Se-oured', made sure of. Straf-a-gem, trick (a term mostly used in war). Ao-quired', got. 1. 'As cunning as a fox,' is an old sayino- an.] there is great truth in it, for the fox is one of tli.- most cunning and clever of all wild animals. If, has certainly need to be cunning, for there are few- animals more persecuted, or harder put to it to TriK FOX. Off l/T .^wn wj^'i^r^. upon. shift, re of. (a term mostly saying, arnl one of till- limals. It ire are few- it to it to make tbc.r l.rains save their livea .. To find half a h.inclrecl men in red coats, mounted upon swift horses, and accompanied by as n.any active and keen-smelling hounds, all eag.r for" one's blood, would sharpen the intelligence of any anin.al ; anuch /Hen. Emiihasis on nuch. (T an /( too bli (3) fro livi son it (5) e, sjnir 10 wliilo ^luchay. his poem to jnake upon or hee. THE ailLL Ell OF THE DEE. ](j| DiCTATioN.-Learn to write out the last four lines of verse 4. ExERcisES._l. Learn to spell the following words : Blithe Doffed Meal'-y En'-vies Quoth Boast 2. Parse every word in the lines : I owe no penny I cannot pay; I thank the river Dee. (The relalivo that h mdcrstood after pemy. It rdatn to il. Mii^!i!^'''°,*^^ following sentences: (1) No lark tow more f ' ^'^f. *'^'^';, -• (2) The miller smiled and doffedTs cap (3) Thy mill is worth my kingdom's fee. ^ 5. Write a short composition on 'The Miller of the Dee' from the following heads: (1) A hard-working and jolly miller song. (3) King Harry said he did envy him, and asked him how S^kThch/^?* '° ^'PP^ * ^^^^- <^)The miller's reply, (oj King Henry's answer. ^ ' 102 EXGM,Sf[ IJEADER— BOOK IV. IC' ^ i.'v St Bernard Dogs. TEE DOGS OF ST BERNARD. Con'-vent, a house inhabited by persons who have left the world to live a life of prayer and serious thought. Pass, a pa-sage between liills. Monk, one wlio lives in a convent or monastery. Be-nlght'-ed, overtaken by dark- ness. Sa-gao'-i-ty, quick thinkin.j, wis- dom. Res'- cue, to save, Be-numbed', witliout feeling. 1. The convent of^the Great St"jBernard is situated Del-f-oac-y, fineness, exactness. Ex-er'-tion, effort, attempt. Re-cog-nise', to know again. Feat'-ures, tlie different parts of the face. Cour'-i-or, a letter and message carrier. 0-vei-wheImed', crushed by some- thing heavy or strong. Av'-al-anche, a snow-slip, or a mass of snow and ice sliding down from a mountain to the vallev b-low '^ THE DOGS OF ST HERXARD. 103 near the top of the mountain known by that name, near one of the most dangerous passes of the Alps, l)otween Switzerland and Italy. In those regions the traveller is often overtaken by the most severe weather. After a clay of cloudless beauty, a storm sometimes comes on suddenly, making the roads impassable. 2. The hospitable monks, though far from rich, open their doors to every stranger that pre- sents himself. To be cold, to be weary, to be benighted, are sufficient claims to comfortable shelter, a cheering meal, and their pleasant con- versation. 3. But their attention to the distressed docs not end here. They devote themselves to the dangerous task of searching for those unhappy persons who may have been overtaken by the sudden storm, and would perish but for their kindly aid. These brave men are assisted in their truly Christian work by a breed of noble dogs, whose sagacity has often enabled them to rescue the traveller from death. 4. Benumbed with cold, weary in the search for a lost track, stupefied by the intense frost, the unhappy man sinks upon the ground, and the snowdrift covers him from sight. It is then that the keen scent and the perfect training of these admirable dogs are called into action. 5. Thourrh the perishing man may die many feet beneath the snow, the delicacy of smell with which they can trace him .gives a chance of escape. They scratch away the snow with their feet ; they set up a continued hoarse and solemn bark, which 104 EXOMSH RKAnKIi-BooK IV. Ii< brings the monks and labourers of fl,„ their assistance. " ™»>™nt to traveller, onfof Them rrflfsk *'; """"""''^ such is the effect of ih. i^T . ''^''''^ '* ' ^"^ generally prette t ttt t! 1 1' ''■^'"''•' two years. i^imness for the space of -ol?Tn°Lom:r;t'v°1! ^"^ '^^^■'™'^<' -«> " of twent.y.rrpI:ns'':^„''^"SrT' '"^ "«'' n.u.,t have perished He 1 *!'' '^S^'^^y- I«16. in an aL ^ ^idf 'f "''"'.' "" ^^^ l'i« anxious family , SI p-%P°°VT'^"'''' *» arrived at St Berntd ol ^^'ed-nontese' courier wa., trvin., to mntri ^'^ ''°™y ^<^=^'™ ' he St Pie^rr^r i^ X^lX".' h thf ^''T "^ 5i--^^^:t^^£:S already saved so many persons fro,;Ltt 'wMe • Piedmont is «„ „„„ n.rt,,,.,^,,^ p„^.__^_^ ^^ ^^^^^ 'onvent to logs alone fortunate ts round apply for ver him. success - him who , so that I it ; and features space of I with a he Jives agacity, le year slier to courier on; he lage of untain, monks mind, once. Lch of h one 5 had While THE DOOS^OFJT I3EIIXAIID. iqq an avdanche wl, ^","^'^^^^* overwhelmed by of the poor n '""'^^"^^ "P ^^'^ '^'^ ^-^-'4 mountain' ntirZ' ^fV^^ ^^^^^^^ "P '^' theirexpec;:;^i;r^.:^^~ Question, i 7. ^''"'"'-^ 'f ^'nter(aiuin!j K>,owle,lffe. take its n^elS^There'l'tT t' ^^"^^'"* «^ ^^' ^-"-^ convent of St Bernard '4 Z '" ^^^^ • ^- ^^^« ^'^'^ -t the 5. Who are their skTll'l ;^" ! '? '""' "^ ^^'^' occupations, the traveller wh^ t^^ ^T^L /S'^Wh'M'^ '"^'^ *^^- what do they do ? 8 Whit 7n Ti ^' ^^'" ^^^^ ^''^ ^im, "«e of the unlucky traveller ^OH ^^"' ''"^ ^°'' ^^'^ ^'"'"'^'^^'■^te save the life of ? 10 How ri; l K T"^ I"'"'''"" ^^^^ «"« ^^og is Piedmont ? "" ^'"^ ^^ *^°"« ^y his death ? 11. Where Dicx^K.-Learn to spell and write out section 1. toK.,sKs.-l. Learn to spell the following words • irav'-el-ler Be-numbed' Scratch ^ * , . Be-ni,ht'.ed Stup'-e-fied Hoart ^r'^^^^'-/" Suf-fi'-cient Del'-i-cicv T I ^e-cog-nise' o u ^ ^y As-sist'-ance Av'-al-inr.h« 2^ Parse every word in the followin. sentence Th , St Bernard, assisted by their bravp .ni "^^ , °'',^ ' ^te monks of many unfortunate travellers ""^'' ^°^''' '^'-^^'^ «^^^"J 4. Make nouns out of t),o <• n • '^'•^"«^erf; -l-«o,..:; ;,:!"", ':^^7;S verbs and adjectives: ^. Give the me: t^or-^s %:,;'""' '•r''^""-'^''-^-^- traveller is often overtaken bvt ^"'^"^^''"S Phrases . (1) The -ads. (3) They deTot then^Tver mt"" ^'^ '""''^^^^''•'" ". "rite a snort composition <'m-T. +1- f II what purpose the dogs are kept (2^ 't^'f^^^^^^-'^^ : (D For the do.gs find lost travellers ' (4 Val,f'''' *'""• ^'^ ""^ (5) The mo,t celebrated St Bernard df ' """' "'"^ *'^™' IH 106 HEALTH AND HOW TO RETAIN IT. THE AIR AND ITS IMPURITIES. Prop'agates, breodg. Infec'tioua, easily communicated. Excre'tions, things tlirown out. Malig'nant, threatening death. Vi'tiated, impure. Contam'ination, defilement. Ad'equate, siflicierit. Vi'ce Ver'sa, in reverse order. 1. The object of Hygiene is the pre.servation of health. It should give to the people a knowledge of all those rules and regulations which tend to the development of the body, and its maintenance in a healthy and vigorous condition. It should also point out those errors and vices which make the human system an appropriate soil for the seeds of disease and death. In endeavouring to accomplish these ends, it should investigate and give instruc- tion, regarding the air we breathe, the water we drink, the food we eat, exercise, sleep, sunli^^ht, and all other agencies which sustain life. 2. In considering some of the following impurities of air, water and food, it should be remembered that all infectious diseases, such as typhus and typhoid fevers, diphtheria, measles, scarlet fever, cholera, small pox, yellow fever, are communicated from' one person to another by very minute germs or seeds. Each disease has its own germ and propa- gates only its kind. A typhoid germ produces typhoid, not scarlet fever, just as a grain of corn produces corn, and no other plant. 3. These germs escape from the lungs in expired air, from the skin or in the excretions of the air passages, kidneys, or bowels of the diseased. They float unseen in :iN IT. ifileraent. It. erse order. 3rvation of knowledge iend to the 'nance in a liould also make the 10 .seeds of iccGmpli.sli ve instruc- water we sunlight, impurities 3ered that d typhoid :•, cholera, ited from germs or id propa- produccs fi of corn eso germs the skin, kidneys, int^een in HEALTH AVn HOW TO RETAIN TT. 107 the air, or make tlu-ir way into tlie water r,r food used by man, and tlience into Jiis hluod wluuv they multiply with enormous rapidity; and tlie <'ttort ot the .system to relieve itself of these '. ... is v..y far f.-om being so ^reat as many pe/ .l. '^o-.y, and may be overcome by di- I IMS arc very ther urticlu.s ! iiitioilucoil ii uiiburii'd s of back- ► liich result sition, and tery. the stoiiu- fces minute h rough the i with the in the air i forms of II ordinary if sickne!56 int, there- i and i)ut thorough ilation is room or > external ttained is DmpatibL ly danger ission of Id in the >n. The ' great as ae by di- llEALTH AND MDVV To I{I;TAIN IT. Hi r.-Hing n„. iuc-ominy c-unvnt of air towards tlu- cvi ing ot the roo.M. and by the use of additional tiiu and cIofIim-h various kinds of heating apparatus For thr™, pose :t should bo free from all contaminati n and conducted by tubes from without to stoves furnace or better s^ill to a chamber weli supplied wTtLS oitubn^. ftllcd with circulating hot water. Wh „ heated, the air ascends through conductors to the rooms requiring it. It may be necessary to employ machinery to force into large buildings a supply of air adequate to their wants. '^^ ... The frequent, the daily u.se, of the bath is necessary to remove the impurities deposited on T^e "' "^ *v "" ^'"•y ''y 'he sw'eat-pores The underclothmg into which, perhaps, escape' t^ie clnei part of the perspiration, should be aU re moved on retiring to rest, for the purpose of beint throughly aired or replaced by clean garments in tlie morning, X7. The inmrious effects of sewage and drainage effluvia inay be counteracted by the^onstruction of sewers with abundance of fall if possible, with water traps completely separating them from the build- ings, and provision for flushing or cleansing them at least every second day with abundance of" water x8. Board and plank floors for cellars arp bad ^c ' cause they afford a home beneath them for vermm and vegetable decomposition. A good floor may b^ HEALTH AND How TO DETAIN IT. IV.i ventilating 3 ceiling, by )f Venetian which the suggest. d throuofh 3r this pur- nation, and !S, furnaces, I with coils ;er. When tors to the to employ supply of le bath is posited on eat-pores. 5, escapes be all re- i of beinof rments in drainage uction of ith water lie build- ng them 3f water. bad, bc- '^ vermin r may bo >"ade l.y spreading over the bottom of the cellar coarse gravel, one foot in depth, and coverim with cement. The arain should connnence at';!* owest part of the gravd and have a good all o ernnnation ... In cellars and basements, ample provision should be made for the free pas at e f eun-ents of air, and fo. plenty of iSrS should not be black-holes. The bodies of dead animals should be buried be- fore they decompose, and the back-yards and all the s..^ndn^3 of dwellings should Lkep^ 20 Dust particles may be removed from the air bv breathmg it through the nostrils, and not thn ugh he mouth, or by securing over the mouth and nose a sponge, cotton batting, a silk handkerchief or other porous substance which, whilst admittin^'the air, arrests the dust. ^ Qhestions 1. How do infectious diseases spread ' o ^^v is It necessary to have pure air to breathe ' -i Sf..f « ^ which air is made impure. 4. Nan e all tie .< 1 \7T '" ventilating dwellings. ^""^^ ""^*^'°^J« °« thdr^^Sg^:" '^^™ '' ^^^" ''- following words and give Maintenance Typhoid Invisible Vitiated Age..c,es Atmospheric Debilitated Cy „ de Diphtena Arterial Erysipelas llmnyt! 2. Write a short composition describing the wivnir l.«.^ nnpure in a close room with an audience In ^IZ^^Z^ effects of breatliing sucli air. expum tiie britSi^Sd"^:'"''"^^" "'^^^ ^^^ "' *^^ fatal effects of .4. |i 114 i; HEALTH AND HOW TO RF/I^ATN IT. PART ir. — WATEIl AND ITS TMI'IRITIIX Decomposing, (Ipca.viii),'. Sat'urated, filled tnVxcoss. Adulterated, mixed with iminiritles. Adja'cent, near to. Di'etary, a courso of diet. Hilarity, great t,'!ee. 1. Mail 8 supply of water is obtained from rain- falls, sprin^rs, wells, stivanis and lakes. TIio con- taminations which render it specially injurious, are derived from decomposing animal and vcirctable matter, and from the excretions of persons sulferin' "EALTH ANnnovv TO^KETAIN IT. ] | T, to guard a,.ainst tlie entrance of surface water and y covern.. them securely, pn,vidin. for U ,^ ven datum by means of tubes three or four inches m .hamc^er. covered by perforated zinc;;:d ; cknuma; them out once or twice, a year In dc-nsel v populated cities and large towns, iCe ,s^l I^ other sources of contamination are everywire founrb wells should be entirely discarded. ^ pure t. /r "^"t''^^ ^ater-works, supplied with pure .V i.er. 4 It is, however, very often difficult to obtain a supply free from sus^iicion. It 1, uM hltcr-bed. I Ins IS a large reservoir or basin In 7ZZ' \\V""" *''* ^^ ^^ravel, coarse below, and graded to fine on top, and over this gravel arc spread two or three feet of sand, similarly graded . Through this filter the water is allowcfl t 'ass s owly, and although much improved in q | ^ the process is not sufficient to render wate si' into which sewage may find its way. To « „ dnt this difficulty the water should be 4red t Wh animal charcoal, or boiled. ^^irougn 8rd. In some localities devoid of streams «nd where water cannot be obtained by dig^ T; anv reasonable depth, the inhabitants a'^e c^geVto use rain-water. «. This in passing through th'e air and wailing over the roofs of buildings'and r^h onJuc.or« .0 cisterns, gathers considerable vegeta- ble and animal matter, which soon decomposes rendering the water unfit for use ; hence the cTe ms 116 EiXGIJSH IJEADEll — ROOK IV. ■ 1 1^^ «liouM be tl.oroughJy cleaned out several times cluniio- a s(,'a,soii. FOOD. 7. Tl.c articles of man's diet may be classified as to J lows: 1st. Those which build up the parts or tissues ot the body, and maintain them in repair These iorms of fooay he-'uK^'^";? ""'^ ™"''''°" '"•" '^^ '^^'^on""' to man's health as they are to the growth and development 1 ™ . P ' ^"'^ ''™ '" "'y "g'lteJ houses are pa e and puny, and their death rate high ; more- over the germs „f dise=v.e cannot flourish where plenty of fresh air, light and sunshine exists. J- W. Mclatighlin M.B., L.B.C.P., L.R.C.S., Ed. EXERCISES.-Uarn tospell and give the meaning „f : Excretions Diarrlraa Cisterns Constituents I>eeompo»,ng Densely Ni,r„ge„„„, nZ'ty Saturate,! Perforated Econolny Drudgery ./th]rts:r:::urpis:;!,-rrre:Sir'-''--''''''-- 120 A SMALL CATECHLSM, •• WJiy arc childron's eyes so Lri-ht ? TeJl me why ? 'Tis because tlie infinite Wliieh tliey Ve left, is s-till in ,sio-ht, And they know no earthly bligl.t— TJierefore 'tis their eyes are bri-ht. 2. Why do children hiugh so gay ? Te]l me why ? "Tis because tlieir hearts have play in their bosoms, every day, Free I'rom sin and sorrow's sway- Therefore 'tis they laugh and play. 3. Why do children speak so free ? Tell me why ? 'Tis because from fallacy, Cant, and seeming, they are free Hearts, not lips, their organs l)e— Therefore 'tis they speak so free. 4. Why do children love so true ? Tell me why ? 'Tis because they cleave unto A familiar, favorite few. NVithout art or self in view- Therefore children love so true. T. D. MsGee. 121 dit. THE SEA AND THE WIXD. A rOKM I\ I'KOSK Fonjr. lia])iiinL'.ss. Dlmp'-hng, goiitly liollowed. Hale, lu'ultliy. Re-pose', lyin^j at rust. Asp-en, tho tieiublinij poplar- tree Pang, sorrow, pain. Strain, song. 1. Tlie soa is a jovial ecniiratlo, and lie Jauglis wlierover lie goes ; liis merriment sliines in the dimpling- lines that wrinkle his hale repose ; he lays himself down at the foot 01 the sun, and shakes all over M-Jtli ,^!oe; and the broad- >acked hillows fall faint qn the shore, in the mirth of the mighty 121? ENOrjSir UKADRR— noOK IV. 2. But tl.e wind is sari niul rcstloss and inoums with an inward pain : you n.ay h^rk a youw.ll, !>,' valley or hill, but you hea/him sti e mp Ian. He wails on the barren n.ountains, andshneks on the wintry sea ; he sobs in thJ c'dar and moans in the pine, and shudders all over the aspen-tree. not Z'-T" u'"'' ^''^^' ^^''' ^^'^^'•^' ^"<^ J l]ip.s from 's unrest, the heart the sea strain. i Taylor. cean -joi'-cing ler, the sea T !»* i»e ; tiun ^ '; um-est; iljectives : •y wintry, A jovial 4) Bro.ad- . (6) He Tlie sea lau^'hter. 123 THE CAMEL. Intol'-er a-ble, unbuaiablu, Struo'-ture, laako. Oal'-lous, witliout fccliiiij. Do'-cUe, teachable. I 1. It is not with- out good reason that tlie Arai > have given to tlie camel the name of the ' ship of the desert.' With- it a great power o sight. The nostrils ar^ onfy ke ttle slits m the skin, and the animal can shu? hem when it ikes, so as to protect itself from the hot winds whicli sweep across the desert and which carry with them clouds of fineXsi and sand Ihe upper lip is split into two halves and assists he an iiial in cropping the herbs and bushes upon which I feed.,. . The neck is very Ion. Ind curved; and lie back, as already mentioned^mes ni- 1. !;> a.ciu.ntal piojection.s, but they have a distinct and very important ofSce to f uJfiJ. They mos called n l)y the tnidtlle of m CJaiiie!,' b is found as far as ian came] '. 3. The e, and its landsonie Imire its le thinnrs the very ) us. In ' appcar- ) live in is Very ' of the imel has ng it a nly like m shut rom the rt, and ist and 'es, and bushes ng and carries ire not lave a TFIK fAMIM,. 12a They are composed principally of fat, and tlioy fonn a kind of .store of provisions which the camel carric-s about with him. When the camel has been kept upon a very insufKcient supply of food for some days the Immp gets quite small; but. if it is well te.l, then the hump becomes large an.l firm. « The legs are long and slender, and each foot carries two broad toes, the under side of which is covered by a thick cushion of soft spongy skin. The structure of the broad .spreading feet enables the camel to walk with perfect ease over the loose sands and gravel of the desert, without sinking up to the ankles, as any ordinary animal would do. From the same cause the camel, however lieavily loadcnl It may be, walks with a noiseless tread even upon the pavement of a street. 7. Lastly, the whole body is covered with a long brown hair which can be woven into excellent cloth. There' are moreover, upon its knees and breast thick callous pads, which enable the camel to kneel down without inconvenience, when it is about to be loaded or unloaded. a The camel is the most enduring and patient of all animals, and can travel for live or six davs without water and with little or no food It- extraordinary power of living and working beiieath the rays of an intensely hot sun is due principally to the fact that its stomach is furnished with a number of curious pouches, lined with 'honeycomb ce.s, m -winch it can store away a quantity of water for future use. 9. When a camel gets a chance of drinking, it not only satisfies its thirst 26 i: r ^^^«^I«H JREADER—BOOK IV. for the moment \mt if fi'ii.. *i water, wl,ic , it c .J '" P"™''™ «'■* occasi™ „ ■; a,,; t77' ' "" "™''"''"y' "« the Aral., who »: m '* '" ''''=" "^"o™ '» :■"'• A'-"^'" woukl be aI.„o.,t , naW to t ™' from one place to another ir 1 7n * , ''" Arab and Camel of these countries r„ '''•'"' *' '"«'^ " P«rtion fe-ont pC::^nij°:z7:t7 'r"-'" "'^- n. It can be used either for riding upon, THK CAMEL. onches with gradually, as II known to by want of desert, kill k the water 10. But for lern Africa 5 to move rade would i-^ no other immense a portion ^een dif- -, princi- id useful fig upon, _ 127 ld''f '""^^^ ^'''^'' ^"'^ ™'''''^ breeds are us d for different purposes. For ridin. a light and swif breed of camels is used, jast as we use our slender breeds of horses for Vidin^ and keep the_ stronger and coarser kinds for eairyincr great weights. The camel kneels down in order to allow lis rider to mount upon a small saddle placed just m front of the hump. To people unaccustomed diffl! u' TT^"' '\ '' '" "^^'^'^ °^ considerable difficulty to keep their seat while the animal is getting upon its legs, for the camel lifts his hind- le.gs the moment he feels his rider in the saddle and thus pitches him over its head unless he is prepared for what is to come. u. It is also no easy niatter to keep one's seat when once mounted for It IS necessary to balance the body by resting. 'the feet upon the neck of the animal, and the t?ot of the camel is a most unmercifully jolting one. A quick i-iding-camel will travel at the rate of about ten miles an hour, and has been known to keep up hours'^' '''''''^'''"P*'''^->' ^''' "^°re «i«n twenty 13 When used as a beast of burden, the camel kneels down to receive its load, which is firmly strapped upon its back. If overloaded, it refuses to rise, and expresses its displeasure by groanincr and grunting^ A camel in good condition vvill easily carry five or six hundred pounds, and will travel with this weight on its back for mlny drys at the rate ot twenty or thirty miles a day upon the scantiest allowance of food and water.'^'nT a rule, the camels are well treated by their drivers, urn 128 ENGLISH READER—BOOK IV. ancl they then shew themselves to be docile and attectioncato animals- Knf +i cruelly ill-used Zibon..-^ ^'' .sometimes .eawc. I,, \\ hen journeying across the Caravan in tlie Desert. atUpk then. rke.^„Z^l:^l, Z7 w.th thorn all the provision, that tlL "uh-e o„ tl.o road but they are also oblisjed to e m- Z nn,ch water as they possibly can, i^ great Se™ SUMMARY AND NOTES. 1. Thecaiiielisoneolthe 'hoofpfl'nnnri. j x toes on each foot, and eacii ha.Tltl ^ f ?'^': ^^ ''«^ tu-o snuill, and are more like lat n ^ •= ''"' ''^^- ^''^'^ «^« Hat nails covering the tops oi' the docile and ■sometimes avage and across the THE CAMEL. 129 ravellers aravans/ elves by ho may ! to take (Hire on arry as eathern ■ has two loofs are ps o[ the -'king into th r ",a^^X /'^T''^"''^^^-^*'-^^ "'habits. 2.Tliecame i.n . f^'''^ ''-'°"« ^^^ich it the cud ' or ' ru uin^e / iL t)"'' I " ""'"''^'^ "^^"^ ' ^'^'^^ to say, it first s"X^ t^t „r " ^ ^'^, '"u' •^''^ ''''■ ^''^^ ^^ lying down, it brin^the ibod r^l! "f '- ^''^'' ^"'^ '^«"' carefully ch;wed before it s 1.,' '" ,' ^'^ "^''"^'^ *« ^e runiinatin.^ animals iN.tn J V^ «^vallowed. 3. Like all oneortheretXtr :-^^^^^^^ "P in it in considerable amonT V^^ T '''" ^ '^'''^ therefore, it lays by a sto'eTwater last it f""' ""''f'' m Its journeys throucjh the deseTr V Thf \ T""' '^"^^ one or two great humps of fTZ t ^ . '^"""^ ^^' ^^ther very remarkable appearance ifi/ t'' "^"^'^ «'^'^ ^* « SciUhernAsia,andTrrnv*i iV \"^''''' of Africa and it exists as ^tel of Cf"'^^^^"^he countries in which great powers of end ranc . t^IZfo J^^ '^1"^^ -^ '^^ out of its hair It i, o nl V^ ^""^^ '^^^ ^^«° ^^ niade two kinds of camels and tL ^ / \ f ""^ ''''^*' ^'^ the 4. Where is the B^a ^^'tl^f^'^^^^ t^-' valuable? 6. Describe the head atd „o Js 7 teH ^'^ T* you know about the liumns fin !r^\"^^- ". Tell me what l;air. 10. What is th^u^f tt tSd" ads^^ {Tk '^ ^"f ^ It can carry so much water ' 12 wLlT ' }\ ^"'^ '' '* *^*t to do when they can get no w. Jf lu .^""^ ^""^^^ ^^^^ ^nown ^c 1 . •'^ •" '' "o Water m the dpsppf 9 10 \iri. . , . of camel Mused for ridii,^' 14 At^i » . >3. What kmd such a camel go! J5 h„„ l,, '5 '"'= ""'' '"owfarcan "ill a camel carry .wlInTT""?' """' '""' ""■ « ""y >7. How i, water 'carried by ir.,;': "'"''''' °^ ""» -"«i^ DiCTATiox._leam to mite out section 4 ^Pe'..al.ly Bi..,,a..„r^ cXvt ?..r:™ *- m m I 130 ENGLISH READER — ROOK IV. 2. Parse all the words in the following sentence : The AraLian camel is much tlie more valuable of the two. (Much is aa adverb, modifying the adverb more. Valuable is an adjective qualifying anhnal understood. Two is an adjective, numbering animals understood.) ^ 3. Give the principal parts of the following verbs :ri«;s„ea/&; know ; Jmd ; give ; sweep ; split ; keep. 4. Turn the following verbs and adjectives into nouns : Speak ■ know; fftve; satisfy; inhabit; tame; able; move; rely; dif. ferent ; carry ; difficult ; prepare. 5. Explain the following phrases: (1) We are obliged to admire its peculiarities. (2) It is specially constructed to live in sandy regions. (3) The humps have an important office to fulfil (4) Communication between different places is kept up by these animals. (5) It expresses its displeasure by groaning and grunting. 6. Write a short composition on 'The Camel' from the follow- ing heads : (1) Two kinds. (2) Appearance. (3) Uses of hump aud Gtomach. (4) Feet and pads. (5) A caravan in the desert. « REVENGE. The following story is told of many persons in many nations ; but the moral is tlie same : Take no revenge ; forgive your bitterest enemies ; and do good to them that hate you. Mere' o-ra-ble, worthy of being re- raeiabered. Cav a-ller', gentleman. Ac-quaint' with, tell of. Con-fide', trust. Pro-vide' for, make arrangements for. As-cer-tained', found out. 1. The Spanish historians relate a memorable instance of honour and nobleness of mind. A Spanish cavalier, in a sudden quarrel, slew a Moorish gentleman, and fled. His pursuers soon lost sight of him, for he had climbed unperceived over a garden wall. The owner, a Moor, happen- ing to be in his garden, was addressed by the Spaniard, who on his knees acquainted him with REVENGE. The Ara1)ian (Much is an an adjective, '6, nuiiiberiug Will ; speak ; >nns : Speak ; ; rely; dif- 3 obliged to ted to live in ffice to fulfil. ; up by these -nd grunting, a the follow- ses of hump the desert. » nations ; but our bitterest irrangemcnts out. emorable iiind. A , slew a lers soon perceived , happen- l by the tiim with 131 T'Ert^:' "^fr," ^"" ''''''' ^^- —'here. ^;;;otp^r^^ summer-house, tellino- him fh«f .^ ^ •. nio-hf 1.^ 1 , » ^^^ ^''^^^> «o soon as it was of h.., .on, who had just been killed b^a SpanZd He soon ascertained that the fatal deed hadTee„ done by the very person then in his power Vh! did not mention it to any one but nt tb • ,^ time retired to his gari^l' ' ttltrTo'^' g.v.ng orders that no one should follow U™ *s"e ^Vhtetdt:.!:;!^;,;----^^-^^^ m»'t not bfb oke"- Th T 7^"' ""^'^ atable, and ha °'„r.o:n!Id ^t ::' ''l^nt fleetest horses, said .• ' Fly far, while the nlh Ltn cover you ; you will be safe in the mornin. C are mdeed guilty of „,y son's blood; bu^^GoI", just and good, and I thank him that I am nnocen Sr;:r ''-' ''- '^'^ ' -^^ »-- Cut 132 i'i i IHil^l; ENGLISH READER — BOOK IV. Y U S S O U F. Yus'-souf, the Eastern form of the name Joseph. Enter-tained', gave him meat and drink. Self-con'-quest, overcoming one's lower self. Yearn, long. 1. A stranger came one night to Yussouf's tent, Saying : ' Behold one outcast and in dread, Against whose life the bow of power is bent — Who flies, and hath not where to lay his head : I come to thee for shelter and for food. To Yussouf, called through all our tribes "The Good."' 2. 'This tent is mine,' said Yussouf, 'but no more Than it is God's ; come in, and be at peace ; Freely shalt thou partake of all my store. As I of His, who buildeth over these Our tents his glorious roof of night and day, And at whose door none ever yet heard Nay.' 3. So Yussouf entertained his guest that night. And, waking him ere day, said : * Here is gold; My swiftest horse is saddled for thy flight : Depart before the prying day grow bold.' As one lamp lights another, nor grows less So nobleness enkindleth nobleness. YUSSOUF. 133 jming one s f's tent, ead, ower is lay his r tribes 'but no eace; ht and ^ay.' ight, Sere is t; L' less, '• ^^^y^;7^ ^'^""'^ *l^^ ^^rangcr's face made Which^hines from all self -conquest. Kneeling Sobbing : ' O sheik, I cannot leave thee so • I will repay thee; all this thou hast done l/nto that Ibrahim who slew thy son ! ' 5. 'Take thrice the gold,' said Yussouf; 'for with thee ' Into the desert, never to return My one black thought shall ride away from First-born! for whom by day and night I yearn, o -^ Balanced and just are all of God's decrees • Ihou art avenged, my first-born, sleep i„ peace ! r ^ Russell Lowell. Questions.—!. What happened to \h^ nac aid tlie straixrer sav 9 iq uru ^ Yussouf .! ronlv ^ M v/lnf , "o*^^ «»> • 13. What was CiciAiw.-Leara to write out verse 5 of the poem. 134 ENGIJSII READER— BOOK IV. EXERPIRKS.— 1. Learn to spell the followinc; words ; His-to'-ri-ana Mem'-o-ra-ble Cav-a-Iier' Un-per-ceived' Ad-dressed' Ac-quaint'-ed As-cer-tained' Ap-poinf-ed Grieve iSpan'-iard In'-no-cent C'ou'-ciuest 2. Parse all the words in the following sentence That inward light the stranger's face made grand Wliich shines from all self-conciuest. (Which is a relative pronoun, relating to its antecedent fight.) 3. Give the principal parts of the following verbs : Slmj ; lose ■ am; knoiv ; tell; go; sit; come; bear; do; give; see; eat'; break; lead. 4. Make nouns of the following verbs and adjectives : Slay; see; pursue ; Jiee ; acquaint; confide ; protect ; do; retire ; foL low ; suffer ; give. 5 Explain the following phrases : (I) The Spaniard acquainted the Moor with his case. (2) You may c.nfi.le in my protection. (.* 1 will provide for your escape. (4) He ascertained who the 2)erson was. 6. Write a short composition upon 'True Revenge' from the following heads : (1) A Spaniard killed a Moor in a quarrel (2) He escaped into the garden of the Moor's father (3) The father gave him half a peach and promised him protection. 4 But he finds out he is protecting the slayer of his son. (5) He gives him a fleet horse, and tells him to flee. 13: TEMPERANCE. Ex-plo'-slons, sudden Llazing up of gases collected in the mine. Sus-taln', support. Found -er-lng, going down. Dls-as'-ter, terrible misfortune, Ap-pal'-llng, very terrible. Ca-taa'-troph-es, sudden disasters. Pal'-pa-ble, very plain. Intox'-l-cat-ed, made drunk, Ex-hll-ar-a'-tlon, state of very high glee or cheerfulness. Rl-dio'-u-lous, laughable. Ar-co-hol, the spirituous element in intoxicating liquor. Maln-tained', kept up. 1. There M^ere in the year 1878 a number of terrible accidents, in which many happy living human beings perished, without even the chance of making a struggle for their lives. There were accidents by land and by water. Among the accidents by land were sudden and unexpected explosions in coal-pits, in which hundreds of work- men lost their lives, and left behind them widows and children, who found it very difficult to get food and clothing to warm and to sustain them. 2. Two a<.cidents by water more especially filled with pity and horror the minds of all the dwellers in the three kingdoms. The first was the founder- ing of one of H.M. ships, the Euvydice, which, withm half an hour of home, went down in a sud- den squall off the Isle of Wight. The second was the sinking of the Fvincess Alice— ^ pleasure- steamer which, sailing up the Thames one summer evening, with about eight hundred souls on board, was cut in two by an iron steamer; and more than SIX hundred men, women, and children were drowned. 3. These accidents were very terrible, struck a UG ENGLISH READER— BOOK IV. I, :HSi' of them, and made every one pause and think „ ' there exists among us a source of disaster a cause of death and n.isery, which does not pro duce appan,ng accidents and visible catastrophes such as those above mentioned, but which !^„s on as regularly as the clock, numbering its victim, day by day. and hour by hour. Tlfe mise y1 ■ seen and known; the cau.,es of this misery'^are not so open and palpable. ,. This source of misery and death is the habit, slowly acquired by many persons, of drinking too ,„uch'b!er say that nine out of every ten crimes are com- rn tted by persons who have intoxicated them- selves with ,,p,nts-such as gin. whisky, or brandy- first Xf"''' ""/"" °f P^OP'" ^^''" ^^-- lo.ft first their money, and secondly, their power of work- ing for more, by giving way to these habits. .. The habit of intoxication injures both the body and the Zie , f ; '■' ^"'""^ ^'"^ '^' S^<'»test ease ; are of the pleasantest and most attractive kind The effect upon the body of drinking wine or p. Its IS to produce great exhilaration, and to make the person who has taken thein believe he can do a great deal of work ; but, in a short time a strong feeling of ,^earinoss sets in and much less work is done than would have 'bee' tl e nl" r '"^"' r''"^ ^l-" ^P'*^ -k. and :L Z . °™'' ''""' "^--c™™. and stupid >■ The effect upon the mind is to make the drilik- v»ho hoard and tliink. ■ disaster, a •'^ not pro- itastrophes t^hich goes its victims misery is nisery are source of acquired uch beer, e countrj' are corn- ed them- )r brandy; have lost. r of work- 8. 5. The y and the test ease ; ill drinks y.Q kind. wine or , and to believe a short in, and 'Ve been ink, and stupid. e drink- TEMPERANCE. , „^ 1.1/ ing person feel very happy for a short time. But very soon he becomes (luarrelsome or silly ; he is no able to use his mind and to see the truth in a clear hght ; he cannot employ his mental powers- he becomes unable to compare things or to reflect • anci. in one M^ord, he is ruining himself flJ" J^^'^*"""P<^ ^"^^ "lO'^t warlike nation among the Greeks-they were called the Spartans-were perfectly sober persons, and had a great contempt or drunkenness. To shew their children how contemptib e and ridiculous it was, they were in the habit of making one of their helots or slaves tipsy and then exhibiting him to them as a shocking example.' s. They saw him unable to walk, and staggering about; he could not speak, but worked his mouth about in an absurd and prtiable fashion; he had lost his memory ; hecould not think ; he did not know the way from one p ace to another ; he was at the mercy of a little cl lid. Men of great genius have often lost their powers and died early; or have destroyed either their own happiness or the happiness of others by giving way to the temptations of wine, or vv'hat are ca led ardent (which means hurnino) sph its. • The best physicians in the present time can say tTantlliTh';" ''^r' '^"'^^"'^ -^^-1-lie drinks than till. That a small quantity of beer or wine does not harm the human body, if it is taken alon<. with foocl and after a certain age. But no physician thinks It in any way useful to those who are stiH growing. When it is useful, it is useful to tho e Who are ^.rowing old, or who are weak from illnets 138 ENGLISH REAT>FR — nOOK IV. m I r Oroonfiold tl.ink.s that, in some cases, a Httlo alcohol may be useful after the age of forty As rerjards spirits, which contain a large quantity of alcc.hol, the best physicians think that even the mo( erate use of them is unnecessary and even hurttui; wliile the inmioderatc use of them is quite certain to bring on disease and death, lo. Poverty to individuals-waste of money to the nation; mis- fortune and punishment to individuals— prisons police, and workhouse to be maintained by the' nation, that is, by the people who remain .^ober: these are the things that drunkenness produces everywhere, as surely as seed sown in the ground produces a plant. If the father of a family spends too much money in beer or spirits, he does harm not only to his own pocket and his own health, LKit to his wife and children. He cannot provide them with comforts ; he cannot give them a good education ; and he sets them a wretched example 11. Last of all, the people of this country spend upon unhealthy liquors money that cannot be spared, and that might do them good in many other ways. There are more than one hundred nulhons of pounds spent every year on beer and wines and spirits; and inost of this money would have done as much good and a great deal less harm if it had been thrown into the sea The inhabitants of the three kingdoms spend twice as much money on ardent liquors as they do upon bread; but, while every one is the better for br...l, no one-if he is in good health-is the better for the spirits he drinks. 12. While the 11 I, a Httlo arty. As antity of even the md even 1 is quite Poverty ion; mis- -prisons, by the n sober: produces ground y spends es harm 1 health, provide a good ample. y spend mot be 1 many umdred Bar and "" would 3al less I. The wiee as o upon ter for -is the ile the TEMPERANCE. 139 nation as a nation is poorer, the individual who has formed the bad habit of drinking, din^ctly assists m its impoverishment, ani f^ntum to do him good. J ('( juuUy and SOCIO ; my own instincts, and natu cannot love nil mm ^tj S I'('( all unit ffction must be in ] iniivmonts, and God re s provision. H commands. <■ m ,y,„.ol,„ti„n of tl.at. J[y woaltl, of af '■'"""""'' cliil'lwn, kiiHlrod co.mtrv l>ut my p.ty ,„„st not lock itsolf i„ tl,™„, ,T " .j^j' '"""' "'; ^™^I"-« it-lf vvitl,i„ thee li n ™ ^r V :""; '; '^^'^ tl"'". i" tl'o .I.-ptI,., of l,i, fall J Z K«bcto,-cme^p,.ostratoancl,lisho„oro,l.tl,e,.e:shnc, Tt t «'"' '""!/''""°'' "- ^'•"- «■•■'' «Pavk « lue , Go.l tI,o Kathor kindle,!, over which God the 1. e.na Son „(ie,v'^' ^'^ Even with the fierce looks of these bloody „,en. here ' '''' ^^' ''''''' ^ '^^' ^^^ ^^"^ ^"'" "^'i^oui'r' ^^^^ ""'"^ ^^" ^" «^ boisterous- I will not struggle, I will stand stone-still For Heaven's sake, Hubert, let me not be bound ! Nay, hear me, Hubert! drive these men away. And I will sit as quiet as a lamb ; r will not stir, nor wince, nor speak a word, " Noi look upon the iron angrily • Tlirust but these men awly/and I'll forgive you Whatever torment you do put me to. ^ him ^^^""^ '"'""''' ^'* "'^ ^^^"^ ^i*h First Attend. I am best pleased to be from ...-i A^thf^ fT.i, , [^'«^mti^ Attendants ^ra Alas 1 I then have chid away my friend 85 156 ENGLISH READER— BOOK IV. Ho hath H Stern look, but a gentle heart •- ^tlsthere^:n5r^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ A..ti r\ TT ^°"®' ^"* *o ^ose your eyes. ^^^'i. O Heaven! that there were but a mote in yours, A grain, a dust, a gnat, a wanderino- hair Any annoyance in that precious sense ' ' Ihen feehng what small things are boisterous tnere, Your vile intent must needs seem horrible. " UiLb. Is this your promise ? go to, hold your tongue. -^ A,^h. Hubert, the utterance of a brace of tonoues Must needs want pleading for a pair of eyes • nTberTl '''' "^ tongue,-let 'me" not, Or, Hubert, if you will, cut out my tono-ue '" So I may keep mine eyes. O, spare nn'ne e'yes ; Ihoughtonouse but still to look on you ' J-o, by my troth, the instrument is cold And would not harm me. ^"^h nvT . I can heat it, boy. Artk No, m good sooth; the fire is dead with grief, Being create for comfort, to be used 111 undeserv'd extremes : see else vourself : Ihere is no malice in this burnincr' coal • The breath of heaven hath blowiri, is .spirit out, ..o And strewed repentent ashes on his head MUEDER RELENTING. 1 may ii'self. 157 00 ■■ your eyes. ; a mote in r, boist erous 06 ble. lold your )f ton gues yes : me not, loo le, eves 3 )u! ior> ead with :out, 110 1. 11- 120 Navt ;:;"' "" -n"* y°™p™cc.«li„g,s, Hubert: Zl' n ''"'•' ''°<-° "'■" «PaAle in your ^res A.1,, , hk, a dog that i,, compelled to flo^ht W eh at h„ master that doth tavre hi„^ o„. Denj their office : only .you do lack Ihat mercy ,vhich fierce fire and iron extenrls ini,™'^ '" ™ercy-lacking u«e., ' i^'|.Well, see to live .-I will Sot touch thine For ail the treasure that thine uncle owes • Ye am I sworn, and I did purpose, boy, ^.a^O. now you look like Hubert ..all thi: You were disguised. \T , -reace: no more AiV^-i- Your uncle must not know but you art d ad • J- H nil these doo-o-ed snio« T,.if i. 4.' i * A 1 , »i^^^' spies witii talse renoi-t^ Ana pre ty child, sleep doubtless aX cure i IhatHubert, for the wealth of .,11 fi ,/^ ^•''« Will not offend thee *''" '''''^^' iff' 0-, ^ ^'''''^^^ '—I thank you Hubert Line I.Hubert. Hubert de Burgh has un.lertaken, at the in.sti.pHf" Artfei!^"i,r"-- ^.^ ' Hot ' IS adj., complement to ' heat.' NOTES. I The expres.sion is condensed for_ I J'^-at^or; me these iiona.gothat I the.y«hallbehot^exceedinLdyhot. with fi;,'„rcs. From Arras, a to«n 158 ENGLISH KEADER—BOOK IV. ii'.' of France, in the department Pas de Callus, loiijf faiiions for tapestry. (*■ Arthur was the son of Oodfrcy third son of Henry II. John bein^ Heiiry's youngest son, Arthur, liis nephew, would coniu before him ac- cordinff to th. rule of Hereditary succession. Hence Joh. tliinks he should be more secure of the crown if Arthur were put out of tlio way Arthur was born in 1187, and "is supposed to liavo been nuu'dered (by John's own hand) at Uouen in ' 10, 11. Little prince . , more prince A double play upon 'little.' Hubert uses 'little ' as adj., applying: to size or extent of physical growth. Arthur uses ' little ' and ' more ' as advs. , the noun 'prince' being- practically= 'princely,' and he refers to extent of power and dignity. IE. But I. 'But' is conj., and the full construction is— 'but I should be sad.' ' 14. "When I was in France. Shak. supposes him to be in England. But, if historical accuracy were observed, he should now be in the castle of Kouen in Nonnandy. 16. Christendom, belief as a Christian Christian faith. ' 24. So, provided that, if : aain 17 and 33. Rheum, a flow of humours ; here, of tears. Gr, rheuma, from rheo (to flow). "'. Dispiteous, cruel. Here, perhaps, not without a reference to 'piteous ' as if 'pitiless.' ' 52. At your sick service. Much con- densed for- -'at your service, when you were sick.' 57. Nor never : common double nega- tive, emphatic. TO. Iron age. A play upon 'iron,' rather unreasonable. According to the Greek theory of first s, golden I age, next a silver age, then a bronze : a,W, and last an iron age, the de- generaoy of mankind is marked as continuous. Arthur refers to the treairnt':"' ^"^^"' '''^^' "' ^^^ 61. Heat, for 'heated.' The 'ed' i« freauentl,y dropt off, especially after a root ending in ' t ' 70 No tongue. In full: • I would be- lieve no tongue,' &c. 76 What = why: as 'if elliptical for for what.' The form is very coiu- mon in Old English. 99. Want, be wanting i„; be unable to plead enough. ^°fl ^.®'?S "^'''*® '^ '^'^J""ct to ' the flre^ 'To be used' is = at being used, because it has been used ; and the connection is-' is dead with ffrief, or grieving, to be(= at being) used so seeing that it was created for comfort. ;?„• S!'^=i!r"*hink Jam not right, no. His The coal is pei-sonifled in lines 109—111. 117. Tarre, excite, provoke. 119. Only you = you alone. 120 Extends. Why singular? Oris it plural? 121. Creatures, (created)objects. 'Of note for '= noted for. 123. Owes, has, possesses. Modified from the old ar/an (to own) 128. But = that ... not: 'your uncle must not know that you are not dead.' Or, by elipsis, 'must not know (anything) but (that) you are dead. 130. Doubtless, free from doubt or fear. 13L That Hubert... will not, &c. Noun clause dependent upor- adj doubtless and secure,' which have the force of 'not doubting or fear- ing, but believing for certain, that Hubert, &c. 1 133. Closely, secretly and cautiously. 159 a«r), he evening star, or Venus 17. Successive, a. (from succeed, L '"f^f-^f. m from under, and ««'^o go), folIo^ving in succession God has appointed labor and rest to alternate in the life of man, just as day and night follow each other fn ha°nd S' ""'*"'/• '"««'", the hand, Fr. aswwe, L. o^j^ra, a work) here used in its original sense of working with the hand, «, „g cultivating. "'""fe. 48^0r'ient, a. (L.om«s, .,„<,:, r. rf^. faolemn bird, n. the nightin<'a]p recalled from its mournM^o^^' hjrd^in the solemn silence of ihe I! aM 162 ENGLISH KEADEH— BOOK IV. Exercises.— 1. Learn to Spell I;ivery Amorous Inactive Couch Sapphires Riddance Conversing Fragrance *i — •.^xv»,.„„i,o iiiignince ^. Make adjectives out of the following nouns : maiestv • silence ; queen ; labor ; dignity ; change ; dew. ^ ^ ' amtollUttler/' *'" '''''^''' ^^^^^^^^ -'-' ^ 4. Make nouns from the following verbs: sung; unveiled • inclmes; declares; mock; obey; or/ains ; forgetf pC; 1' THE EVE OF QUATRE BRAS. ^"piWh^'r'- ""f • . Ts^ad'ron. a body of cavalry Pi broch, an air played on the bagpipes by Hijjblanders goinj. to battle. 1. There was a sound of revelry by night, And Belgium's capital had gathered then Her Beauty and her Chi /airy, and bright Ihelampy shone o'er fair women and brave men A thousand hearts beat happily; and when Music arose with its voluptuous swell Soft eyes looked love to eyes which spake again, ^ And all went merry as a marriage bell ; But hush ! hark ! a deep sound strikes like a nsmg knell ! ■ Did ye not hear it ?-No; 'twas but the wind. Or the car rattling o'er the stony street : On with the dance ! let joy be unconfined: No sleep till morn, when Youth and Pleasure meet To chase the glowing Hours with flying feet. 4. Si 6. J onvcrsiiig riigrjuice 1113 : majesty ; iivea : sober ; ig ; unveiled ; ; please ; as- lS. cavalry, ing to battle. then ight »rave men when ich spake like a e wind, iet; led; Pleasure ng feet. THE EVE or QtJATRE BlUS. 1G3 But^^harkl-that heavy sound bre^^^ As if the clouds its echo would repeat • A^frnt^^P!-t^;^rthanhrv roan "~^^' ^^^^"°^'« «P«"ino- 3. Within a windowed niche of that hi^h hall And^™v.ed the ve,,ea„eo bC^ltt!;',, He rushed into the field, and fo»,most fighting, fell. '■ 1!;!, ""til """^ *'''"■'' ^"^ '"■••■■^in? to and fro And gathenng tears, and tremblings of distre^'s And cheeks all pale which but an hour a!o Blushed at the praise of their own love£s • And there were sudden partings, such asprei ' Which ne'er might be repeated: who would .uess If ever more should meet those mutual eyes Smce upon n.ght so sweet such awful morn co^uH .. And there was mounting ^n not haste . the s ,.d ' IGJ. ENGLISB '^■'\'XjU i.'OOK IV. r m lie miistenna squadron, and the clatterino- mr Went pourino iorward with impetuous speed ' And swiftly forming in the ranks of war ; ' And the deep thunder peal on peal u,v r'; And near, the beat of the alanninrr drum * Roused up the soldier ere the mo^ninfr star- W hile thronged the citizens with terror du.uh Or whispering, with white lips—' The foe ! Thev coiae! they come!' n. And wild and high the "Camerons' gathering " rofc.0, , ° ^ The war-note of Lochiel, which Albyn's hills Have heard, and heard, too, have h ,n- Saxon foes • How in the noon of night that pibroch tlirills Savage and shrill ! But with the breath which fills Their mountain-pipe, so fill the mountaineers VVith the fierce native daring which instils Ihe stirring memory of a thousand years And Evan's, Donald's fame rings in each clans- man s ears ! ■• And Ardennes waves above them her '' *'- did ,=, Most of them recorded nothing else of the buned person but that he was born upon one day andd,ed upon another; the whole history of hU fo be.ng comprehended in those two circunistances that are common to all mankind. I could not bu look upon these registers of existence, whether of brass or marble, as a kind of satire upon the de dlT Tb r^ Z":?^ "'"' ^"' ™d "'at they died. The life of these men is finely described in holy writ by 'the path of an arrow/ which is im mediately closed up and lost. ,. Upon my going into the church, I entertain ed myself with the digging of a grave and savv Tn every shovelful of it that was thrown up the fl, ment of a bone or skull intermixed with a kind of IN WESTMINSTER ABBEY. 167 causes discord, wholivofttthe ery often 'Vhero tlie hicli it is ling, and ire apt to or rutlier I yoster- irchyard, myself that I le dead. > of the one day y of his nstances •uld not w^hether the de- iorial of it they ibed in h is im- tertain- saw, in le fi'ag- kind of upon tins I began to consider with myself whaf mnumoruhle multitudes of neonle Kv^ir T. trethor iinrlp.. fK„ pt-opie Jay contused to- feetmr undei the pavement of that ancient cathp uetormity, lay undist nn-iiishefl in ft,. .niscuou.,he,ap„f n^attor "'' ""^^ P'"" 5. There are others so excessively modest tC iC' deliver the character of the perZ h! f f ^ Greek or Hebrew and LVhJ ^^P^rted m .uxew, ana oy that means are nni l^r^ derstood once in a twelvemonth !„ the ^ V i" quarter, I found there were poets who W ^ ""^ umonts and monuments wh^rh^Idtp^^^^^^^ observed, indeer t1,nt ♦!,„ , poets, i *k 1, •, "™"' "^"*t the present wai' had fitUA the church with many of these um2„l:Y ments. which had beL erect d tote men"""; plaTroftr"."""" -"^ perhaps trfedTn^th plains of Blenhenn or in the bosom of the oceaa \\h\ lf)8 ENGLISH READER— BOOK IV. 6. I know that entertainments of this nature are apt to raise dark and dismal thoughts in timor- ous minds and gloomy imaginations ; but for my own part, though I am ahvays serious, I do not know what it is to be melancholy ; and can there- fore take a view of nature in her deep and solemn scenes with the same pleasure as in her most gay and delightful ones. By this means I can improve myself with those objects which others consider with terror. 7. When I look upon the tombs of the great, every emotion of envy dies in me ; when I read the epitaphs of the beautiful, every inordin- ate desire goes out ; when I meet with the grief of parents upon a tombstone, my heart melts with compassion ; when I see the tomb of the parents themselves, I consider the vanity of grieving for those whom we must quickly follow; whenl see kings lying by those who deposed them, when I consider rival wits placed side by side, or the holy men that divided the world with their contests and disputes, I reflect with sorrow and astonishment on the little competitions, factions, and debates of mankind, g. When I read the several dates of the tombs of some that died yesterday and some six hundred years ago, I consider tliat great day when we shall all of us be contemporaries, and make our appearance together. Addison. NOTES. Amusing myself, &c. Tliis partici- })ial usage is an exceedingly luippy foiiu for adding a fact simultaneous with the principal one. person ... he. ' Person ' being of common gender, we should expect a com. gend. pron.: but no svich pron. exists. 'He' is taken as typical of persons generally. ' lie or she ' is clumsy; 'they' ja oitener used, IN WESTMINSTER AT3BEY. 169 Ill's nature 3S in timor- )ut for my I, I do not can tliore- nd solemn • most gay ,n improve s consider e tombs of me ; when "y inordin- he grief of lelts with 16 parents ievinof for dien I see n, when I r the holy ntests and shment on lebates of ites of the some six day when make our Addison, ihould expect a fc no si((.'h juoii. '11 as typical of IIo or she ' is oftener used, Addison mi-ht have said 'persons ' but the sing, is very much more vivid. The same construction re- curs below. No other reason but. We now pre- fer ' no other reason than ' ; we use _than after comparatives, and other' has the force of a compara- tive The Queen Anne writers prefer ' but.' Writ, writing, what is written; used only technically, as an ecclesiastical term (as here), or as a legal tenn. Prebendary, an ecclesiastic enjoying a prebend (Lat. prebenda, what has to be given or furnished), a stipend granted from the revenues of a catliedral or collegiate church The present war. The War of the Spanish Succession (1702-13), wan-ed by England, the Empire, and Hol- land against Fiance and Spain ' ^hat they fought each other for ' was to decide who should succeed Charles IK on the throne of Spain. Blenheim (Ger. niindheim), a small village in Bavaria, where the Eiig- lish and the Austrians, under the Duke of Marlborough and Prince Eugene, defeated tlie French and the Bavarians with grer.t slaughter, August l.j, 1704. At Ramillies (1706), Oudenarde (1708), and Mal- Plaquet (1709). Marlborough gained other great victories in this war. Ocean. The French fleet was defeated by Sir George Rooke, off Vigo (1702), and off Malaga (1704). So serious an amusement . . enter- tainments. Cf. the opening sen- tences ; also what follows here. There is an apparent, not a real, contradiction in Addison's language. 'Amusement' may be taken as synonymous with ' entertainment,' which is lit. taking up, engaging the attention ; Fr. enire-te.nir, Lat. tH' ^'"vetous imaginary bc.uty. There the war ''''^'*^' °' '^ '"'""'' '''""''"' ""'"^ miserable, the bived aTd the de 'Sed JJ' '''''''"',' *'" f-^--t->'d the down their symbol of mortaliS SteU aH h. "nl' ^^eir dust, and pay ashes shall be equal to kings' and o„rL ^ '"'^ *''^*' ^^^^ ^'^ ^i^- ""r crowns shall be less. '-y^i'^ai"*' ''''''' *"d our pains for our EXEKCISES.--1. Learn to spell the following words • Melancholy Cathedral Mortality W nation 2. ^xplL the metrnrS the ^I^l^^^!:^-^--^- These uninhabited monnme ts / 6 I .In ' '^'' '^^'^''^' ' ^' The vanity of grieving. ' ^^ ^ '"" improve myself ; 7. i:r I ^11 170 DEDICATORY POEM. TO THE PRINCESS ALICE. Dead Princess, living Power, if that, which lived True life, live on— and if the fatal kiss, Born of true life and love, divorce thee not From earthly love and life— if what we call The spirit flash not all at once from out This shadow into Substance — then perhaps The mellow'd murmur of the people's praise From thine own State, and all our breadth of realm, Where Love and Longing dress thy deeds in light, Ascends to thee ; and' this March rnorn that sees Thy Soldier-brother's bridal orange bloom. Break thro' the yews and cypres.s of thy grave, And thine Imperial mother smile again. May send one ray to thee ! and who can tell— Thou— England's England-loving daughter— thou Dying so English thou wouldst' have her flag Borne on thy coffin — where is he can swear But that some broken gleam from our poor earth May touch thee, while remembering thee, I lay At thy pale feet this ballad of the deeds Of England, and her banner in the East ? Tennyson. NOTES. Princeas Alice was Queen Victoria's second daughter. She caught the disease whicli resulted in her death by kissing her dying child. Prince Arthur is her "soldier brother." The reference to her " banner in the East " will be understood when it is remembered, that this poem is an introduction to the "Siege of Lucknow." :h lived all i )S se of realm, ; in light, that sees L p-ave, ill— gr — thou flag ear )or earth Hay ennyson. hter. She f Jssing her inderstood iuction to tt Po no1 mil thr CHARGE OF THE^iom^nillGAnE. 171 li-ht re/rL^ n T .^"-^ -^""g^ng d'-ess tin deeds in i CHARGE OF THE LIGHT BRIGADE. 1. Half a league, half a league. Half a league onward, All in the valley of death Rode the six hundred. ' Forward the Light Brigade ! Charge for the guns/ he said. Into the valley of death Rode the six hundred. 2. ' Forward the Light Brigade !' Was there a man dismayed ? Not though the soldier knew Some one had blundered • Theirs not to make reply/ Theirs not to reason why,' Theirs but to do and die.' Into the valley of death Rode the s7x hundred. «. Cannon Cannon to right of them, to left of them, m ifiil 172 ENGLISH READER— BOOK IV. Cannon in front of them, VolleyVl and tlinnder'd ; Storm 'd at with shot and shell, Boldly they rode and well. Into the jaws of death, Into the mouth of hell Rode the six hundred. 4. Flashed all their sabres bare, Flashed as they turned in air, Sabring the gunners there. Charging an army, while All the world wonder'd : Plunged in the battery-smoke, Right through the line they br'oki Cossack and Russian Reel'd from the sabre-stroke Shatter'd and sunder 'd Then they rode back, but not— Not the six hundred. 6. Cannon to right of them, Cannon to left of them, ' Cannon behind them Volley 'd and thunder'd ; Storm'd at with shot and shell, While horse and hero fell. They that had fought so well Came through the jaws of death, Back from the mouth of hell, All that was left of them ; Left of six hundred. CHARGE OFJTHE IJOHT BRTOADE. 17,3 0. When can their glory fade ? Oh, the wild charge they made ! All the world wonder'd. Honor the charge they made ! Honor the Light Brigade, Noble six hundred ! Tejinyson. DTREmoNS FOR Emphasis.-Verse 1.-Line2: Emphasize on xn onward. Lme 5 : Forward, and Lujht Brir,ade. Line 6 Charge and j/./i. Ver.se 2.-Line 1: Forward, and Li<,ht B,mdn.Une A ^Blundered. Une 1 : Do, ^n^ die. Verse 3. Ulkfd, t/mnder'd. Lme 6 : IVe/l. Lme 8 : Hell. Versk 4 _ Lane 1 : 7./a,sAe,/. Line4:^rm^. Line5: Wondered. LineT- Urou^. Lme9: Jieeled. Line 10 : ShaUer'd, sunder'd. Lineioi ^ot^^^^sK5.-Une 3: Behind. Line 4 : Volley'd, thundered'. Lme 9 : fi«a-, hell. Line 11 : ^//. Verse 6. -Line 1 • When fad... Une 2 : Oh. Line 4 : ^o«or. Line 5 : Light B^^^ Line : The whole line. ^ HIGHER EDUCATION FOR WOMEN. Eman'cipated, set free. Con veil tional'ities, common forms or customs. Coun'teipart, a corresponding- part, Au'dible, that may be heard. Abstruse', not plain. Clients, those who engage a lawyer. Clois'ter, a place of religious retire- ineut. Prerogative, exclusive right. Lap'idary, one who cuts gems. Uto'pian, fansiful. Incompatible, unsuitable. Constit'uencies, places represented by members of Parliament Metaphys'ical, belongrlng to mental science. Are'na, a place for contests. 1. There is no country in the world where woman enjoys more leisure and independent freedom of action, than in this Province ; emancipated as she IS alike from sordid cares and the oppressive exac tions ot social conventionalities. If men toil with even undue ardor in the pursuit of wealth they 174 ENGLISH READER — BOOK IV. are well content that sisters, wives, and daii<^hter.s enjoy its rewards. It is a new social organi/atiun in which, unconsciously, is being conferred on wo- man all which onco pertained to the old world's privileged orders. 2. But let us not sacrifice thereby that womanhood which forms the tit counterpart to England's vigorous manhood. Let us not strive, iia it sometimes seems to me is the result in neighbor- ing States, to clothe woman in all that is costly.- surround her with all that is attractive and luxui'i- ant, and then leaving her to her own resources, ex- claim : " These be the lilies, glorious as Solomon's ■ they toil not, neither do they spin ! " May we not rather look to you for the true leisure class, I'oi whom the great world of thought lies invitingly open as your legitimate sphere ? 3. I see in this, bright hopes for the future. Aclass of highly educated women in our midst would do more to elevate the tone of feeling, and to awaker nobler aspirations in the intellectual manhood ol this young country, than anything else I can conceive of. I see no other means in any degree equally calculated to wean our young men of high promise from the enslavement of professional pursuits : the mere trading drudgery — whether it be of couunerce or medicine, of the counting-house or the bar, — which seems now their highest goal. 4. I have no thought, and equally little fear, of thrusting woman, by such means, out of her true sphere ; of obtruding her into arenas which by their very requirements are the prerogative of the rougher sex ; or of transforming her into the odious 1 daufjhters rgaJii/CJitiun 'red oil W'o- old world';: [ice thereby mterparfc to ot strive, as 1 neighbor- ,t is co.stlv; md luxuri- ;oiireesi, ex- Solomon's lay we not e class, for invitiugly re. A el ass t would dc to awakcE lanhood oi m conceive ■ee equally jh promise rsuits : the couniierce the bar, — ;le fear, of f her true ;h by their e of the the odious HlOHEll EmJCATION^OF WOMEN. 175 t^l rT 1, ^ ^^'^'' education: widening the in- t Icctual honzon, refining and invigoratin.. the to r Vrl; ^ll'^ ^^'' ^''^^^' «^' <^hc lapidary, bnnc.in ' to hght all the hidden beauty native to fhe ge.n ° «. it Lsnot, therefore, unmeet, nor in any de.rrp,. Utopian, that we should conceiv^ of a true wolnfnl w tV^f '' ""^''^^^ '^PP^^^^^ ^^' the other sck that Iv U t ^''^ *" *"™ *^ ^^^^ -^count that enviable leisure which you possess to -J extent wholly beyond the reach of u who whether mechanics, traders, doctors, lawyers o'' protessors, constitute alike the working classe; o this young- country. ° .. And if so, then I can look forward, with no un- g onerous enY- to the pleasures in st^re for you • joyu ent oi grapplmg with some of those hi..hcr problems of se.ence which demand patient iSbo arewarS T^'' ""', '^■''"S at lengtl/so abundant mT.Z > f ™ "" '"■■" *''^' ^"'^*' '«'^«"ccs will mal o you less learned in gracions household wavs the en 1 ll "'?'"'''' =" >"■""■ l'^"''» ; n» with and deVoiff'^';! ; 1 ""'J'' ' ^' '^^^^^ ^'^^°«« ^^rnest and devout thoughts which the study of God's visible unaverso, or the investigation of the mot 176 KNOTJSTI KEADEU — HOOK IV, mysterious realm of m'md, is calculated to avaken. When, at length, amid the boundless works of creation, a Leing was made in the Divine imao-c, gifted with reason, a living soul, he needed a com- panion of like endowments, that he miffht exchano-e witli her the hrst utterances which give audible form to thought. &. Thenceforth the study of the Creator's works blended with the worship of Him- self; nor — when reflecting on the inconceivable vastness of that universe, of which our sun and all its planets are but star-dust; and of the power with which the human intellect grapples with its immensities : weighing the sun, analyzing the fixed stars, determining the very chemical elements of the nebulaB, and v.lucing to law and order the whole pbenorami;', •,>]' the heavens — can I doubt that all whicli yci-ucj has mastered is but a page in that ample voiunie of God's works, on which the purified intellect shall, in a future life, dwell with ever growing delight, and ever ampler recognition of what God's infinitude is. 9. Such enjoyment of immortal intelligences can- not be incompatible with the devoutest reverence and worship ; but will rather fitly form a part of it. Nor need v^e fear that, here, intellectual culture will prove irreconcilable with the practical ideas and duties of every-day life. God did not mulce man in his own divine image, only to place him in a world requiring fools for its government. Eng- land, the most practical of nations, has also pro veil herself the most inti;llectual. lo. Her Bacon and Newton were no cloister-bred dreamers ; nor does it a\' aken. WOVlvS of inc imago, ed a com- i exchano'e e au(lU)le idy of the p of Hini- mceivuble un and all he power 9 with its J the fixed jiiioiits of order the 1 I doubt )ut a page wliich the well with ^cognition ences can- reverence part of it. il culture ical ideas not make .ce him in nt. Eng- .so proved 3acon and lor does it I7I0HEU EDTJCATIO N FOK WOMEN. 177 surpriso as-hut, on the contrary, we accept it as fcl most natural of thing,s-to find a Derby or a Gladstone, amid the cares of a vast empiro, sport- jng ^v,th the toils of highest scholarship; a Herschel st.ppmg down from the lofty abstractions of pure science, to contend with them in the same literary arena; or a Grove or Mill, practically assertingthe compatibilityof tho bstrusestscientific and metaphysical speculations, uith their duties to cbents in the courts,, and constituencies in the le-ds- iative council of the nation. ^ 1 1. And if it be thus true that an earnest devotion to Jet ers, or the pursuit of some of the abstrusest branches of science, in no degree conflicts with the cares ot statesmanship and responsible professional duties : It IS an insult to our connnon sense to tolerate the idea that the highest mental culture need mterfere in any degree with those domestic duties which so gracefully adorn true womanhood. -Dr. Wilsim. ExKKCiSES _] Explain the following phrases : (1) The old u-orld s privileged orders. (2) The enslavement of profe slonal frr*%. ^^J^'f '?'"* ^^^'- ^4> ''^^' odious ndern .deal. r>) Native to the gem. (6) The tenderer obligations of care and loving sympathy. (7) Utterances winch give audible form to tliought (8) Immortal intelligences. (9) Cloister- bred dreamers. (10) Literary arena. (11) Earnest devotion to letters. 2. Learn to spell : Luxuriant Arenas f-ilies Perogative ivesources Lapidary I'henomena I reconcilable 3. V&inii the second sentence. Apparatus Libraries Professors Abstrusest Mysterious Immensities Analyzing Scientific ■,%. #. ^^ IMAGE EVALUATION TEST TARGET (MT-3) 7 // .^ :/. f/. 1.0 I.I |50 "'"^^ "^ lis- L25 ■ 1.4 [2.2 20 Is 1.6 Photographic Sciences Corporation 23 WEST MAIN STREET WEBSTER, NY. 14580 (716) 872-4503 V ip \ :\ > ^^ 6 ^ S> ^> O A I) > ;i' .ij ,fli" if ' ! I i i 1 »i j .iiii 178 ENGLTRH READER — BOOK IV. COMMON GIFTS. Sheen, brightness, splendour; from the old English scinan, to shine. Ancestral, belonging to one's ancestors ; from Latin ante, before, and cedo (ceKsuin), I go. (The Latin form was antecessor; the form ancestor comes to us through the French, which was ancestre, and is now ancStre.) I. The sunshine is a glorious thing, That comes alike to all, W/? ih scinan, to ante, before, ntecessor; the , which was COMMON GIFTS. ]7ll Lightini,^ tlio pmsant's lowly cot, The noble's painted hall. ' 2. The moonlight is a gentle tiling. Which through the window gleani.s Upon the snouy pillow, whei'e The ha])py infant dreams. 3. It shines upon the fisher's boat Out on the lonely sea, As well as on the Hags which float On towers of royalty. 4. The dewdrops of the summer nioi'ii Display their silvei' sheen Upon the smoothly shaven lawn, And on the village ifi'een. 5. There are no gems in monarch's crow; More beautiful than they ; And yet you scarcely notice them, But tread them off in play. c. The music of the birds is heai'd, Borne on the passing breeze. As sM-eetly from the hedge-rows as From old ancestral trees. 7. There are as many lovely things, As many pleasant tones. For those who dwell by cottage heart! As those who sit on thrones. Mrs. Hawkeswortk, f ■* 1 1 180 ENGLISH HEADER — BOOK IV. Directions.— Verse 1.— Line 1 : No accent on it. Verse 2. —Line 3: No accent on ?(;)on. Verse 3.— Line 2 : Makeon-i!/;e- lonehf-sea one worrl. Line 3 : Make on-the-Jlar/s one word. No accent upon on. Vf^^sk 4.— Line 1 : No accent on of. Line 4: Avoid accent upon on. Verse 6.— Line 2 : No accent upon o.i. HAMLET'S SOLILOQUY ON SUICIDE. DEATH AND Quie'tua, end of troubles. Bod kin, a dagger. ConBiimnia'tion, an ending. Fardels, burdens. Bourne, limit, boundary. Con tumely, contempt. Hamlet — To be, or not to be : tbat is tlic (]ue.stion Whether 'ti.s nobler in the mind to suffer The .stinojs and arrow.s of outrapjeous fortune, Or to take arms against a sea of troubles, And by oppo.sing end them ? To die— to sleep— b No more ; and by a sleep to say we end The heartache, and the thousand natural shocks That flesh is heir to, — 'tis a consummation Devoutly to be wished. To die, to sleep ; To sleep ! perchance to dream ; — ay, there's the ru u . . <, For in that sleep of death what dreams may come When we have shuffled off" this mortal coii, Must give us pause ; there's the respect That makes calamity of so long life : For who would bear the whips and scorns of time, , r, The oppressor's wrong, the proud man's contumely, The pangs of despised love, the law's delay, The insolence of office, and the spurns That patient merit of the unworthy takes, Wiieii he himself might his quietus" make ' 20 n is. Verse 2. : Make on -the- one word. No on of. Line 4; ccent upon o.i. ITH AND dary. ipt. 10 question : fFer rtune, )le,s, io sleep — 3 end 1 slioeks ion p; stherno.,0 3 may come ;o!J, of time, 15 3ontumely, lay, kes, .Ke 2 hamlet's soliloquy. 181 30 VVith a bare bodkin ? who would fardels bear lo grunt and sweat under a weary life The undf ^T^ '^ '^""^'^""^ ^^'^^ <^-^> No trave,r'"r ''""'^'"^ ^^°"^ ^^'^'^ ^^-ne ^o tiavelJer returns, puzzles the will • TlnnTJ'to "T'^'Z. ""''' '''''' ''''' -^ have 1 lan Hy to others that we know not of ? 1 Ims conscience does make cowards of us ail • And hus the native hue of resolution ' Is sickbed o'er with the pale cast of thouc^ht • And enterprises of g..eat pith and moment^ ' With this regard, their currents turn awry And lose the name of action. Directions FOK Emphasi-! t,-.,« i m i i'«a»e. ■skr-p. 7 : Hea ache R li^ ^ '' ^^ *"' «'' ««'• ^ : Die, coil. l,i: Fause. 14: ^Jalnmit^i m^. un • ^^•moiuu Wrong, contumev W- p' ^'i ^.'"-^^'^'P'^^^orns. IG : & : Puzzles. 2Q Havl of p"' ""'''"'• '' ^ ^'''< "/'-•• ^: Action. ^^ ' ^"'^'- ^^ •' Gonse^ence, co^cards. 32: m,. ON THE DEATH OF THE DUKE OF WELLINGTON. 2S Cha'os, disorder. Conflagra'tion, fire, here warfare 1-evies, fresh trooj.s. Disconi'fltted, defeated. Saga'cious, wise. ^'"tfes""*^^^' """^P'^'^'^d difflcul- Ebulirtions, bo;i!.^3s, fretful displays of temper. *- j° Morbid, sickly. Ambas.Vdor, a person sent by a SiBmt,S':„ , sovereign. .) ■* M^ goiiam, f alkins' too much of one's Intrep'id, fearless. o J. . I oubjugate, conquer. .The House of Commons is called upon to-ni countjy- his glory, character. 40 of duty * country. 'e Avith a ot doubt, nd repri- l egotism, ^lishnien, es of our st duties, toil and it of the d solace. !arts and >iod such iit'.cr. — it com,„on.,c„se people in the vvorhl could M„ 1 , rlfb :; ""? ™'"."° ■■'=P--"t='tive fe'" , sorrow but the solemnity of a paireant • and «•,. we who have met here for such diifcct ,",■«;; -to .nvest,gate the sources of the wealth of , ^ each" :h:f ° r""f "V"^'''^''' •""• *° -'<•'-"■ world th,".lr"""°T"^'-^^" P^««™' to ""■ worJd the most ^^ubhme and touching spectacle that human c,rc,nn.stances can well pr„.U,ce-tl s « tacle of a Senate mourning a Hero ! ' EXEECISJJS.-I. Learn to spell ■ -OMmrfi. X'-cuous sS'ef °" Ir""""' K-p„,.,iM,,,ies Conflagration SdMe l^Er" ItT? , .S.,pe™,te,„,e„oe Sagaeion, EU,,,1Z'r SS^ 2. Commit to memory Section 6. '"oveisy 3. Write at liome, a brief biograplucal sketch of WeIIi„.toa S. Lxpand and explain Section 10. eiiuigtoa ■^^ '^^' .<*" ISO ENGLISir HEADER— ItOOK IV. r Bl^p^^ AN APRIL DAY. Garnered, stored up. Ga b.v-foriii of ijramini; from Lat nwr IS a III Urauuin, a>;raiii. Continuous, )iurpetuall,/ ^^oinfj on. From J.at. con, toyothcr, ami tiiieo, I liolil. Decreases, buconies Hniallcr. I I"it. lie, (loHii, and rotn ere KM, 1 Krow. Abrupt, sudden. Kroni Lat. ah, from, and iiiinpo (rupliim), I bleak. 1. All (lay tho low-luinnos have hurst, The milk-white (lowers revealing; ' J^-.v<«ii now, upon my senses first Methinks their sweets are .stealin^^^ 4. Down, down tl.ey eome-thosc fruitful stores I ^iiose earth-rejoic'in*,' drops! A momentary deluire pours, Then thins, decivases, stop.5 ; And, ere the dimples on the stream Hfive circled out of si^ht, Lo ! fi-om the west a i)artincr jrleam Breaks forth of amber light. But yet behold— abrupt and loud Comes down the glittering rain : Tlie farewell of a passing cloud, The fringes of her train. Chaucer (1340-1400^ CAUTIONS AND DHIECTIONS FOR RKALINO L^n -Th "'° * •■ ^'"'^ ^'^ ''"^ ^^'^' ""« ^^'^cent each. Loo : Avoid the verse-accent upon has. Line 11 : Slur over cuu/ -,'airi. From II nil), I tako. itcs. (A jmrely Fret \h tliu th a prolix /i//'. ti intcMsifk's, oi eaniiiy. <\v. Kroin Ijut. J {prinyuiii), I :h a, proof as L'crtttin ht'Iicf. ojfctliur, am; Latin word in Jttled bcliuf- •ounds. From ler. isirous oi g to the iple one. sd pluas- /. Keep , and em- ir minds. .. Lonrn to uvik, a viol.t ,,,, „f ^,,^, . , coDunonest t h n-'-s are worH, i i ^ ' •stone.s and weeds nnrl fi. . ,. " — ^^^-'^ not lot tlK.m got alH.ad of yuu i„ intdli^™ o X V ^^' ''"'^'^"* tliepower wifcli wliJn)-, -;neot^,.:r:^j-;;--^»e». :%.:oSr:;i/::c^:r:i;^- less i.,eo„tent, and a great deal "c^ c , aC; the fact for mv««lP ' ^ ''""^^^ ^^^^'^ ^^"^^1 out fact for myself. 6. I Was now goino- to instanced, in Ids "TvvaDo work at w]iat Burns h 'gs;"asoneof themostdis- as 190 ENGLISH READER — BOOK IV. I * i anrrceable of dl employments— to work in a quarry. Bating tlie passing uneasiness occasioned by a few gloomy anticipations, the portion of my life which had already gone by had been happy beyond the common lot. I had been a w^anderer among rocks and woods— a reader of curious books when "l could get them— a gleaner of old traditionary stories; and now I w^as going to exchange all my day- dreams, and all my amusements, for the kind of life in which men toil every day that they may be enabled to eat, and eat every day that they may be enabled to toil ! 7. The quariy in which I wrought lay on the southern shore of a noble inland bay, or firth rather, with a little clear stream on the one side, and a thick fir- wood on the other. It had been opened in the old red sandstone of the district. and was overtopped by a huge bank of diluvial clay, which rose over it in some places to the height of nearly thirty feet, and which at this time was rent and shivered, wherever it presented an open front to the weather, by a recent frost. A heap of loose fragments, which had fallen from above, blocked up the face of the quarry, and my first em- ployment was to clear them away. s. The friction of the shovel soon blistered my hands, but the pain was by no means very severe, and I wrought hard and willingly, that I might seehow the huge strata below, which presented so firm and unbroken a frontage, were to be torn up and removed. Picks, and wedges, and levers were applied by my brother- workmen ; and iple and rude as I had been ac- ADVICE TO YOTTNG MEX 191 ma quarry, ed by a few y life which beyond the rriong rocks rhen I could ary stories; II my day- the kind of hey may be ;hey may be lay on the ly, or firth tie one side, [t had been he district, of diluvial 'Ces to the it this time esented an st. A heap rom above, ly first em- he friction it the pain •ught hard mge strata tibroken a id. Picks, y brother- d been ac- customed to regard these implements, I found T h.d liiuch to learn in the way of usin-r thorn T proved inefficient, however "n th i '^i . 4.^ u • , "^yy^yL,i, and tile workmen har\ to bore into one of the inferior «t,.,f, „ 1 irunDovvfl,.r Ti """ "or stiata, ami employ deemed « a ht^V '"'":"'' ™' ™^^' *° '»"■ «"'owning. le 3: The ?ive it due 3 after Yet. • ear very learly and 1 accent as THE SERMON ON THE MOUNT Disci'ple, one who receives instruc- tions from anotlier. Revile', to speak against without cause. Per'secute, to punish on account of religion. Forswear", to swear falsely. Despite'fully, maliciously, cruelly. Publicans, tax collectors {they were often oppressive and were hated by the Jews). Mete, to measure. Mote, a small particle. Hyp'ocrite, a false pretender. Scribes, men among the Jews who read and explained the law to the people. 1. And seeing the multitudes, he went up into a mountain : and when he was set, his disciples came unto him ; and he opened his mouth and taught them, saying : 2. Blessed are the poor in spirit; for theirs is the kingdom of heaven. Blessed are they that mourn • for they shall be comforted. Blessed are the meek ' for they shall inherit the earth. ' 3. Blessed are they which do hunger and thirst after righteousness ; for they shall be filled. Blessed are the merciful; for they shall obtain mercy 200 ENGLISH READER— BOOK IV. IK Blessed are the pure in heart; for th(.y shall see God. 4. Blessed arc the peace-makers; for they shall be called the children of God. Blessed are they which are persecuted fo.- righteousness' sake; for theirs is the kingdom of heaven. B. Blessed are ye when men shall revile you, and persecute you, and shall say all manner of evil against you falsely, for my sake. Rejoice and be exceeding glad ; for great is your reward in heaven "vr^ le have heard that it hath been said by them of old time. Thou shalt not forswear thyself, but shalt perform unto the Lord thine oaths : but I say unto you, Swear not at all; neither by heaven; for it is God's throne : nor by the earth ; for it is his foot- stool : neither by Jerusalem ; for it is the city of the great King. 7. Neither shalt thou swear by the head, because thou canst not make on- hair white or black. But let your communication be, Yea, yea ; Nay, nay : for whatsoever is more than these cometh of evil. 8. Ye have heard that it hath been said. An eye for an eye, and a tooth for a tooth : but I say unto you, That ye resist not evil ; but whosoever shall smite thee on thy right cheek, turn to him the othei' also. And if any man will sue thee at the law, and take away thy coat, let him have thy cloak also. And whosoever shall compel thee to go a mile, go with^him twain. Give to him that ^lsketh thee, * Im that would borrow thou awajr. thee turn not 'J shall see [• they shall d aro the}' i' sake ; for le you, and ler of evil jice and be [ in heaven. id by theiu f,biitshalt I say unto n ; for it is is his foot- city of the id, because ack. But Nay, nay : of evil, id. An eye I say unto ever shall the other e law, and iloak also. a, mile, go :eth thee, ! turn not THE SErnrON^N THE MOTTNT. 201 0. Ye have heard that it hath been said Thou halt love thy neighbor and hate thine onen y but r say unto you Love your ene.nies; bless the hat curse you, dc. good to them that hate you a^d pray for them which despitefully use you and per- Hocuto you; that ye may be id cUilLn7\^l Father which is m heaven : for he nuiketh Ins sun to rise on the evil and on the g.od, and sende^h '•am on the iust and on the unjust 10. For if ye love them which love you what reward have ye 1 Do not even the pub^ns the same ? And if ye salute your brethren only, what do ye more than others . Do not even the pub "ans so ? Be ye, therefore, perfect, even as your Father which is m heaven is perfect. . 11. Judge not, that ye be not judged. For with what judgment ye judge, ye shall be judged and with what measure ye mete, it shall be'met ured to you again. And why beholdest thou the mote that •s in thy brother's eye, but considerest not the beam that IS in thine own eye ? .,. Or how wilt thou say to thy brother, Let me pull out the mote out of thine eye; and. behold a beam .s m thine own eye? Thou hypocrite first ca. out the beam out of thine own e^eVand then i:ro1tXT^^^^^'/"°"'°"''''^'"°'-f% '»• /-f ' f "d it ^oll be given you ; seek, and ye shall find ; knock, and it shall be opened unto you tor every one that asketh, reeeivct!, ; and he that sceketh, findeth ; and to him that knoiketh, Ush'! be opened. Or what man is there of you, whom if 202 KNOLISH UKAPrR—HodK IV. ilBlH his son Hsk bread, will he ^We him a stono ? Or If M ask ,1 fish, will he give h'lm a ,serp(>iit ? 14. if yo then, heinrr evil, know how to give .'ood pifts unto your children, how much mor.; shall your Father which is in heaven give good things to them that ask him ? Therefore a'l things whatsoever ye would that men should do to you, do ye even so to them ; for this is the law and the prophets. 15. Whosoever heareth these savings of mine' an(l dooth them, I will liken him unto a wise man! which built his house upon a rock : and the rain descended, and the fioods came, and the winds blew and beat upon that house ; and it fell not ; for it wa.s founded upon a rock. 10. And every one that heareth these sayings of mine, and doeth them not, shall be likened unto a foolish man, which built his house upon the sand • and the rain descended, and the floods came, and the winds blew, and beat upon that house ; and it fell : and great was the fall of it. 17. And it came to pass, when Jesus had ended these sayings, the people were astonished at his doctrine: for he taught them as one having authority, and not as the scribes. New Testament. Exercises. 1.— (l) Who delivered this sermon' (2) Who are blessed? and why? (3) Is it right to swear? (4) JT,,,. should we treat our enemies ? (5) Shoul 1 we iudae o i tk harshly? (6) What does Jesus say of him who finds fault "in his neigabor, but does not see his own ? (7) What is said about prr. -er ? (8) About our conduct to others ? stono ? Or i>nt ? jO give f^ood I) sliall your tif^s to them atsoevor ye s even ,so to lets. . . . ^ of mine, I wise man, id tlio rain s^inds blow, ; for it was aayinok, 80 88 earn on (1608-1674.) Elis (he gave his i^esua = the island 3schylus has writ- s about his family leninon, Orestes, Mged. fhis miffht bo the '''"« = Troy); but means here the f Troy treated in hocles and Euri- thical bard of ■ve been a son of <■ poet of Thrace, rydice died, Or- CONTEMPLATION. 207 Pheus went down to Ifadcs, and bv his nu SIC induced Dis (Piuto) to Bend hKs wife back to earth. The e uas however, the condition that he should not look back at Eurydice as she followed hin.. He broke this and she was lost to him M^ Story of Cambuscan (pronerlv ti4^AtticBoy Oephalns. a.^randson of Cccrops, kin^' of Attica. He was beloved by ii',3,, the Dawn. W. Genius. Every spot in a wood or mountain was believed to be pro- tected by a deity, who was calle.J the Genius of t/ie pUce (Geniu, loci). Lines. TTT '''"' i^iKECTioNs for keadixo. r'.. verse-accent up^n f/ "'=''^"* ^P^'^ ^«^- Line 11 : Avoid u^l^' : Read on-a-p'at as one word. Line 17 : No accent up^T ''jITsT^T:^ ^ "^"^ '? = ^^^^'^ '""^ — -nt pause after Ind ' ''"* "P°° ''"'^- ^^^^ 33 : A slight ^ Line 46 : A pause after Suck note.. Line 56 : A pause after acct^'up'on fl "^""* "^^^ ^^«- ^^^ ^9 : Avoid the verse- ^ll- fr,f ^^^''^^- "o accent upon u-Ae«. 81: I^d t^^:Zf::J^'-'^ -dafter.0... Line upon hp. ''^"^ "P^" Z'""^- Line 93 : No accent -"^'STo ;7'- /T" *'^ ^^^* ^«- ^-- of verse 4. r p ^^yf *'^« «'-«'' SIX lines of the poem. J- Paraphrase verse 2. 208 ENGLISH IJEADEU — liOOK IV. APHORISMS FlIOM SHARSPEARE. Aphorism. An aphorism is a brief and pithy saying-, expressing an im- portant truth in few words. It is from the Gr. ajm, from, and horos, I a boundary ; and is so called because i it clearly states a truth, markiwi \ or fencing it off from everytiiing else. Adversaries, those opposed to ua. From Lat. adversus, turned ag-ain.st; from verto (versuvi), I turn. Co^f- nates : Adverse, adversity; convert, conversion; pervert, perversion. Infirmities, weaknesses. From Lat. in, not, and ftrmus, strong. Cog- nates : Infirm; Jirvmess, firmament (the Jirmament is the strongly-built frame of the sky), &o. Appaiel, dress (literally putting like to like). From Fr. apparcil ; from pareil, like ; from Lat. par, equal or like. Cognates: Par; purity. APHOJtJsaiS FJIOM SHAKSPEAPE. 209 \ l^' AHE. versity; convert, t, perversion. ses. From Lat. s, strong:. Cog- ness, firmament le strongly-built !C. My putting like appareil; from Lat. par, equal : Par ; purity. s^^ .tt a-lvantao-o of the hours. (.) They sell the l'a,.tiiro now to buy the horse. roun.W/^'^*^''"* '' *^^t^^'' ^^'"^^'^ *^^ ^«^Jd t^rns oun.l. 6) .Su,si).c.on shall he all stuck full of eyes Uien a knave ls not. {d) Though patience be a tired mare, yet she will plod. 3. (a) Fears attend the steps of Avron- (h) The bird that hath been limed in a snare, with trembling wings m.sdoubteth every bush. (,) When a fox hath once got in his nose, he will soon take means to make the body follow. 4. (a) 'Tis Init a base, ignoble mind that mounts no higher than a bird can soar, (h) A staff is quickly found to beat a dog. (a) Far from her nest the lapwing cries away, (d) By medicines life may be prolonged, yet death will seize the doctor too. r,:-r^^'^ ^^"'^""^ 8'^ ^^f^^'^' ^^^ ^vays do lie open. (b) The labor we delight in, physics pain, (c) \^ isely and slow; they stumble that run fast (d) Advantage is a Ijetter soldier than rashness e. ((0 Two stars keep not their motion' in one sphere, (h) Small curs are not regarded when thev grin ; but great men tremble when the lion roars (cO Hercules himself must yield to odds; ane face must . (d) In a we destroy, ■^1 joy. (h) g) The web ill together, en they are pparel than (d) A ncj. pi'ize light, hich, being owards die liaiit never hf^l'^'^^tu^ l^V'^nT^'' ""^'"'^ ^nithe that as , (6) He that will have a cake out of the w heat must tarry the grinding. 2. Lxplan, the following sentences an.I ,.1 , • .synonyms for the sin Ei\(iLI.Sll KKADEH — BOOK IV. DARP: to do RKMIT. Ablu'tion, tho act of washing. j Lea ven, to make a ..encral chan-c, Tcs'timoiiy., optMi (Icclai-ation. to iiiilmu Motive, that whirl, causes one to .Subtle («„r-0, artful, ..unninj;. '*'"' ■■ I Glimmering, a faint view. 1. The little .school -hoy ,s went quietly to their own beds, and Ix-o-un undressing mid talkinn- to one an- other in wlii.sper.s : Avhile the elder, amongst whom was Tom, sat chatting about on one another's beds, with their j'aekets and waistcoats off". 2. Poor little Arthur was overwhelmed with the novelty of his position. Tlu; idea of sleeping in the room with strange boys had clearly never crossed his mind before, and was as painful as it was strange to him. He could hardly bear to take his jacket oif : however, presently, with an effort, off it came, and' then lie paused and looked at Tom, who was sittin-^ at the bottom of his bed, talking and laughino-. 3. "Please, BroAvn," he whi,spered, "may l\vash my face and hands ^ " " Of course, if you like," said Tom, .staring : " that's your washhand-stand under the window, second from your bed. You'll have to go down for more water in the morning if you use it all." • ^ 4. And on he went with his talk, while Arthur stole timidly from between the beds out to his washhand-stand, and began his ablutions, thereby drawing for a moment on himself the attention of the room. 6. On went the talk and laughter. Arthur finished his washing and undressing, and put on his night- DARE TO DO lUGHT 213 V L;L'ia'ral rliati!,'c, il, cunninj,'. it view. iotlieir own C to one an- ngst whom tiler's bods, >d witli the 'ping in tlie v^er crossed A' as straiio-e i jacket oif ; - came, and ^vas sitting ighinof. lay I \A'ash like," said ;and under I'Jl have to if you use ile Artliur )ut to his s, thereby tention of w finished his niyht- gown. He then look.Ml round over. Two or three of the 1 Jnoro nervously tluui heareth the cr^r -in.! u \,^^^^^'^^^ *« Hun who looked up in w„n,,:.'rth:t,s ';rrv" two or three boys lauohed -.n 1 , ■^''''" at the h..a,I of tlie bnut u I , "" ''™'S'>t iound you, Brown; whaf. that for? ' L,,m .stanipmo- with pain. "Never mind\vl "i'''^'""'' said Tom, steppin..- on to II, , T ^ '"™"' blood ia hi. bod/tin", ,:„*''';=?"':'•' 7''P''-op of the oiJ,er boot, he\now:'tw ^o ^^'''' ^^'"^ fo;art!:t;r:;,'i!,L7 *':: t-" ^^ ^--wn,, not another word eo^.M^e a '" Tl^Ttr ^1 ™.hed ,nto bed and iinished their ulTin"ir 234 ex(;lisii iM'Addr— HOOK IV. an(i the old other Kiiiuit janitor hml put out tlic cnndh' in an- th and toddlc.I ou to the next room shuttni- the d„o.' with his usuui, "Good ni-ht' .Lfeniin'n." '^ ' i„ There were many boys in tlie room by whom that httle scene was taken to lu-art before tliey sk-pt But sleep seemed to luive deserted the pilhjw of poor Tom. For some time his excitement, ami the flood of memories wliieh chased one auothei' throm,di his brani, kej.t him from thiiddn^^ ,,r resolvincr His head throbbed, his heart leapt, and he could hardly keep Inmself from springing out of bed and rushin- about the room. * 11. Then the thounht of i.., own mother came across hnn, and the promise he had made at her km-e, years ao-o, never to forget to kneel bv his bed- side and give himself up to his Father before he laid his head on the pillow, from v/hich it mi.difc never rise ; and he lay down gently, and cried al if his heart would break. He was only fourteen years old. ^ i_.. It was no light act of courage in those days tor a httle fellow to say his prayers publicly, even at llugl.y. A few years later, when Arnold's manly piety had begun to leaven the school, the tables turned : before he died, in the school-house at least and I believe in the other houses, the rule was the other way. 13. But poor Tom had come to school in other times. The first few nights after he came he dxd not kneel down because of the noise, but sat up in bed till the candle was out, and then stole out and DA HE TO Do lUOHT. 215 aixllc in an- ncxfc room, Good nis pmyers, iu f,.ar lest some one shotd.l find '"•" out. So did many another poor little fellow. 1*. Ihen he begun to think that he might just as ^'• 1 .say us prayers in bed, and then that ij. did not "atter whether he was kneeling, or sitting, or lyi,.,. iig", aiid in 'usliod and .just as the ill the t'aci^ • Not five 11 ; li(3 Was what were ', aslianied '0 from his X) breathe :■ merciful and over, fi'oiii Jiis ly to face ^s besides 0, and he DA HE TO DO llliiUT. 217 "I uiioiner lesson Ml hw lu.m.i^ ii i . " vfi. 1 'K'urt— th(! es.son that In. Mount ll.„.d,, wl,,„ 1„. l.i.i |,i, ,. ' a«,lvtd, \\ hat (loest thou here, Klijuh ^" — tii'it, however We in. Mr +•.... i -"'.j'oi. those who have not bow«, tl„. kZ. to liuul ate'lt^" «■'?' ""' '"'^' S™""^ ''" '""' '"<''•'•'.■.•■ n.Khts th TO wa, a snoor o,- a hu,^r|, w],,,, ,,„ ^^ '" own but th,s ,,a,s.,.,l „«• ,„„„, J„, „„„ ';'^.» the othor hoy. but thrco or four follow,.,! u" T/tullKdi IJll/j/lcl. remarkable influence which he In 1 i , '''?""* "' *''« i>i« sterling character ami the "^''' ^' ^'''^ '■*'''^"1* ^^ KxKKciSEs._l. Explain the meaning, of- (1) Ov .uO i , w.th the novelty. (2) Open hi. heart' to Him (sVf ' /'I -~es (4) Bear his testimony next nl-S™: ^'^ '''^^' ^' J. Parse the last sentence. ^ ^- r' 218 ENGLISH READER— BOOK IV. If!?!:' THE CAUSE OF TEMPERANCE. Miis'ter, a ffatherin"' ' , ^ Mutilated, iMjurcdV cuttin. ' """iSlZr *"' """^'"^' ^*°"^ "' " Bmbla zoned, adorned. " UshW in ^ V ^ Su'perstructure, that which is built Trir? ^' "'*'"°''"'=e- on soniethin.^ else ?;'*' 'f f ' '^'•'•^"S^d on a frameworl<. ' ^"■P itals, upper parts of pillars. Our cause is a progressive one. I have read the hrst ccust.tution .,f the first toniuerance societv fonned ,„ the State of New York in' 1809, a .ot of the by-laws stated : « An-- member of this asso- emhon who shall be convicted of intoxication shall be fined a quarter of a dollar, except such act of in tox,cat.on shall take place on the Fourth of July or any other regularly appointed military muster" We laugh ,t that now ; but it was a seriom matter m those days: it was in advance of the public sen ,ment of the age. The very men who ad^p d that principle were persecuted : they were hooted and pelted through the streets, the doTrsof thdr bouses were blackened, their cattle mutilated, n Al , n persecution scorched some men so Cod b '^ left the work. Others worked ™ and God blessed them. Some are living to-dav ■ Ind T the mioh y enterprise as it rises before them They worked hard. They lifted the first turf^ Th?;?: d ': "^'t "''* '" '^^ *<' -™"'"°-- Ihey laid it amid persecution and storm. They worked under the surface ; and men almost for^o^ that there were busy hands laying the solid foun dation tar down beneath. - "mn IV. A.NCE. finishing stone of a iuce. j,"-ed on a framework. parts of piliars. I have read jrance society 1^809, and one of tliis asso- dcation shal] ich act of in- irfch of July^ ary muster." rious matter the public vho adopted were hooted 'ors of their dilated, ne men so :ed on, and day ; and I ow, and see fore them, irst turf — )rner-stone. I'ln. They nost forgot solid foun- THE CAUSE_OF_TEAipi:H^N(JE. 219 su.?acra!u!Tl '^"f ^'' '^'' fo"n3. ous eacher. frcitii. \x than an v^s of the ry of the merely a iidividual, CANADIAN LOYAl/lT. «)<) 21 or cN-eii to the Sovereign. If it gathers round the P'Tsou (.f the Sovereign, it is because that Sovei'eign represents the instituticns of the people the oversha.lowiug laws of the people, the real and •'.ssential freeiloni,and the noblestdeveloprnentof the •spirit of the people. 2. Loyalty in its true essence and meaning is the principle of respect to our Sovereign, the freedom of our institutions, and th(; excellencies of our civilization, and it is therefore a feeling worthy to be perpetuated by the people. Shakspeare— that great apostle of human nature- has said : " Tlimigh loiinltii, M-cll held, to fools does make Our faith mere folly; yet lie that can endure lo follow with allegiance a fallen lord, Does conquer him that did his master eonquer." 3. Loyalty is, therefore, faithful to its own principles, whether the personal object of it is in prosperity or adversity. True loyalty is fidelity to the Consti- tution, laws, and institutions of the land, and, of course, to tlie sovereign power representing them. 4. Thus was it with our Loyalist forefathers. There was no class of inhabitants of the old British- American Colonies more decided and earnest than they in claiming the rights of British subjects when invaded; yet when, instead of maintaining, the rights of British subjects, it was proposed to re- nounce the allegiance of British subjects and destroy the unity of the empire, or ' the life of the nation '—then were our forefathers true to tlieir loyalty, and adhered to the unity of the empire at the sacrifice of property and hom(>, and often of life 222 ENGLISH RKADEH — BOOK IV. itself. 5. Of tliom nii^irJit b," said, wluit Milton says ot Abdiol, amid the revolting hosts : ^ "Aluliel, faithful found; Unsliaken, nnseduced, unterrified, His loyalty lie kept." Our United Empire Loyalist forefathers 'kept their loyalty unshaken, unseduced, unterrified' durino- seven long- years of conflicts and sufferings'- and that loyalty, with a courage and enterprise and under privations and toils unsurpassed in human history, sought a refuge and a home in the wilder- ness of Canada, felled the forests of our eountrv and laid the foundation of its institutions, freedom' and prosperity. «. Canadian loyalty is the perpetuation of that Lritish national life which has constituted the trength and glory of Great Britain and placed her at the head of the freedom and civilization of man- kind. _ This loyalty maintains the characteristic traditions of the nation— the mysterious links of connection between grandfather and grandson- tradihonsof strength and glory for a people, and the violations of which are a source of weakness and disorganization. 7. Canadian loyalty, therefore IS not a mere sentiment, or mere affection for the representative or person of the Sovereign; it is a reverence for, and attachment to, the laws, order institutions, and freedom of the country. As Chris- tianity is not a mere attachment to a bishop or ecclesiastic.orformof church polity,butadecploveof divine truth; so Canadian loyalty is afirm attachment to that British Constitution and those British laws CANADIAN LOYALTV. 22:3 Milton says tilers 'kept uiiterritled,' I sufierino-.s : terprise and 1 in human the wilder- ur country, as, freedom, ion of that tituted the placed her on of man- aracteristic us links of jrandson — •eople, and " weakness , therefore, ion for the :jn ; it is a iws, order, As Chris- bishop, or ccploveof ttachment itish laws, adopted o. enacted by ourselves, which best secure ■tc, liberty, and prosperity, and which prompt us to ^hnstian and patriotic deeds by linking is with •til tliat IS o-rand and noble in the traditions of our national history. « In the war of 1812 to 1815-one of the last and hardest-iought battles was that of Lundy's Lane which we ineet this day, on this historic ground to celebrate-both the loyalty and courage of the Canadian people were put to the severest test, and both came out of the fiery ordeal as refined gold. In this bloody battle, the Canadian militia foucdit side by side with the regular soldiers ; and General Drummond said, ' the bravery of the militia on this occasion could not have been excelled by the most resolute vetei'ans.' 0^ Such was the loyalty of our grandfathers and fathers and such their self-devotion and courage m the darkest hour of our country's dangers and sufferings,_and though few in number in compari- son to their invaders, they had ' Hearts resolved and hands prepared llie blessings they enjoyed to guard.' ■ .0. There was doubtless as much true courage amonrr the descendants of Gieat Britain and Ireland in the United States as in Canada ; but the former fouo-ht for the oppressor of Europe, the latter fought lor he freedom of Europe ; the former fought To pros- tiate Great Britain in her death-struo-o-le for the liberties of mankind, and to build uplhe United Sta.es upon her ruin-the latter fought in the crlori- ous cause of the mother country, and to maintain 224 ENGLISH J{EAJ)EH — J5()0K IV. our own unity witli l.or ; the fonncr f,)nir],t for tl.o conquest of CuikkI.-i, the latter fouoht in lier defeiuv; the tire tliat kindle.l tlie military aidor of the former was tlie blown-up embers of old enmities apjnst Great Britain, the gross misrepresentations ot President Ma.lison, the ambition of adventure jtnd the lust of booty— the fire that burned in the' hearts of the latter, and animated them to deeds of death or freedom, was the sacred love of hearth and home, tlie patriotic love of liberty, and that hal- owed principle of loyalty to truth, and law, and hberty combined, which have constituted the life and development, and traditions, and strength and unity, and glory of British institutions, and of the Hritish nation. ^,. A great writer has truly ob- served: 'The most inviolable attachment to the laws of our country is everywhere acknowledo-ed a capital virtue;' and that virtue has been nobly illustrated in the history of our United Empire Lo3-alist forefathers, and of their descei: iants in Canada, and it grows with the growth and increases ^vith the strength of our country. 12- 1 liave said that loyalty, like Christianity itself IS an attachment to principles and duties emanat- ing ii'om them, irrespective of rulers or teachers • but If the qualities of our chief rulers were neces- sary to give intensity to Canadian loyalty, those qualities we have in the highest degree" in our Sovereign and in her representative in Canada • for never was a British Sovereign more worthy of our highest respect and warmest affection than our glorious Queen Victoria— and never was a British i<,'lit fortlio luT (IctV'llCc; rdur of the Id enmities •esentatioiis adventure, med in tlie to deeds of liearth and 1 til at lial- d law, and ed the life ■ength, and and of the truly ob- 3nt to the )wledged a )een nobly id Empire jndanls in :l increases nity itself, 'S emanat- teachers ; ere neces- tlty, those ae in our nada; for hy of our than our a British Sovereign more nobly renrosonfo.i • n ^y tlie patriotic, the UZTZaf^ , '"'^^" '^"^" Dufferin. , ,. And -it nn n • T '' ^'''^'l^^^'^ J-^rd prosperous than ^;^ ^^^7^'^ T """' '^'^^ - t'^- beyond anything that ^^ I?' "^^""^' ^^ and the Janguar^o of ?n v w o ?f ^ ^'"^ ''''' "'^P^^''^'^' ever be the chaCt S t^^^^^^ ''' "7 ^^^^^^^ ada, may freedom ever L ot tt' ^"^^'"1 ^^^"- -0 ever have cause and I e^ t to : y' GoV'"' "^7 Queeu ! ' ^^ ^ to say Uod save the liov. Dr. Bijerson. f ^"^'^^^"^^'ctation Section 10 f- ^""I'"^* f°^ -Recitation Section 7. *• •'explain the meanin-r of thp f.n • g.-eat apostle of human nalur n °p!r"°^ '^'T'^'^'^ = ^^^ '^J- J^''itish subjects. (3) The t,^ ];)• ^''""""ce ilie allegiance of (•^) The iu3t of booty. (Gmr::;:;:^^'-.::^^ "^■^^^^' THE CREATIOi^ OF THE EARTH Ten'uous, thin. ^'"S,^:^^"''"'^^^^^^'^ bodies A'queous, watery. Prime'va), first, luau'gurated, commenced. Precp Hated, thrown down. JJucleus, the central part. ! Neb ulous.clo.uiy, hazy. Incandes'cence, burniQ... Abyss ea, great hollows S?,t-!f''*'^f'"'^'^'n layers, ■lur bid, muddy. tho^Sl^:^ '^" °"f. -'• *° "- -"elusion iU, ita first state td\rt"': "^o"'' P'-^t ,vas not previous reign of fc t„ '''"=*' '' """^'^ *" " ° ""■■ ^^^^ reasons wiiicli can be h; , i 226. ExN'GLISH HEADER— BOOK IV. adduced in support of tliis aro. no doubt somowhat vague, and may in their details be variously inter- preted ; but at present we have no other interpre- tation to give of that chaos, formless and void, that state in which "nor aught nor nought existed," which the sacred writings and the traditions and poetry of ancient nations concur with modern science in indicating as the primitive state of the earth. 2. Let our first picture, then, be that of a vaporous mass, representing our now solid planet spread out over a space nearly two thousand times greater in diameter than that which it now occupies, and whirling in its annual round about the still vaporous centre of our system, in which at an earlier period the earth had been but an exteiior layer, or ring of vapor. The atoms that now constitute the most solid rocks are in this state as tenuous as air, kept apart by the expansive force of heat, which prevents not only their mechanical union, but also their chem- ical combination, a. But within the mass, slowly and silently, the force of gravitation is compressing the particles in its giant hand, and gathering the denser toward the centre, while heat is given forth on all sides from the condensing mass into the voids of space without. Little by little the denser and less volatile matters collect in the centre as a fluid molten globe, the nucleus of the future planet ; and in this nucleus the elements, obeying their chemi- cal affinities hitherto latent, are arranging them- selves in compounds which are to constit'iite the future rocks. *. At the same time, in the exterior of bt somewhat "iously inter- her interprc- nd void, that 3^ht existed," aditions and k^th modern state of the f a vaporous t spread out -'s greater in 2cupies, and till vaporous arlier period -yer, or ring ute the most as air, kept ich prevents ' their chom- lass, slowly iompressiug ihering the given forth to the voids denser and ■e as a fluid planet ; and beir chemi- ging them- istitute the I exterior of THE CREATIOX OF thi- r. — ^.. 227 -™,„to the «cothi„S t «.'" T''y '■-" » f her aga.n vaporised amK ."' '''"-■'« "'^yar. ateorbcci in «,„ i,u.rcasi"" „? '° ">« ^"faco or eoss advances, a ne,v br "il" "•- '' ^'^ ""« Pro- t ?= ■''"'=" posted a(yav T, " °" ''^'•'''«'-. and ^tar ,ke condition of ouTl;, "' "'"* ""-■fflo i„u, !>/ v.evv, its mostpcrfrc S T '"." ''''>'»''^^i Poin t'--^-^ Miiant wirslarZX-t 'he"»o:!,:s:x^«-^^^ demed and prccipitZtn^^ ""'!f™<=- -^ cot «t"! vast in bull^, and daH "?'" ''« "to'«pl.ere »ma,ns only t,,, ,,,t,^;''\ ^'"^ m^ty in textu e ' "Ulplmric acid, and othl "''^"""O' carbonic icM -d as tl.ese gaehef tdr: 07'?" ■^"^'•''""- surface, and pour in fi.. ""^""^'^ at the ou^p. Sin' ""^'™^' eo:w;^r:-f--.s«po:t "ashing asain int„ v,„„, 1 y"*" ''« material, rr -«es upon the vaX'st "'"*»-''"'' gU: '-g age, until ti.e itZ,':^'',;-' T"'"'' 'ol 1 "eie IS hnally beared of ?.: 28 ENOLTSII T?EADER— BOOK [V. its acid vapors and its superfluous waters. 7. In tJie ineantiino, radiation, and tho lieat abstracted from tho licjuid nucleus by the showers of condens- ing material from the atmosphere, have so far cooled its surface that a crust of slag or cinder forms upon it. Broken again and again by the heavings of the ocean of fire, it at length sets perman- cntly,aii(l receives upon its bare and blistered surface the ever-increasing aqueous and acid --ain thrown down from the atmosphere, at first sending it all hissing and steaming back, but at length allowing it to remain a universal boiling ocean, s. Then be^- gan the reign of the waters, and the dominion of fire was confined to the abysses within the solid crust. Under the primeval ocean were formed the first stratified rocks, from the substances precipitated from its waters, which must have been loaded with solid matter. We must not imagine this primeval ocean like our own blue sea, clear and transparent, but filled with earthy and saline matters, thick and turbid, until these were permitted to settle to the bottom and form tho first sediments. 0. In the meantime all is not at rest in the interior of the new-formed earth. Under the crust vast oceans of molten rock may still remain, but a solid interior nucleus is being crystallized in the centre, and the whole interior globe is gra.lually shrinking! At length this process advances so far that the ex- terior crust, like a sheet of ice from below which the water has subsided, is left unsupported ; and with terrible earthquake-throes it sinks dow^nward, wrinkling up into huge folds, between which are V. (Vaters. 7, In at abstracted 's of condens- havc so far ag or cinder again by the isetspernian- stered surface '•ain thrown ending it all gth allowing 8. Then be- ninion of fire solid crust, led the first precipitated loaded with his primeval transparent, rs, thick and settle to the 1 the interior 5 crust vast i, but a solid 1 the centre, y shrinking, that the ex- )elow which )ortod; and 1 downward, 1 which are TFE CREATION OF THF ^'ARTJI 220 -"ornir-;:t^;;;|;;eh the wate. «.,.,,^ "P fires belch forth a Jj e afu I'T. '^''^' "^^"^''^ P^^^^^' arose the fiz-sfc dry Jand : '"^^"'' '''^''' -• So Emergent, InttCvT"'?. ^"^'^ '^^^oar So high as heaved the Sid . •'n'^ "'" ^^'^' Dow,, sunk a hoIJow L / ^"'' "'' ^"^^ Capacious bed of wlte^t » ""' '"'^ '^"'^ '^^-P- The cloud wa«j ifc r,„ rooky precipices; yet !» ."'""«"'' Pi'^ of ■■■tam sing together^tL, a ,r'^ ' "'' "'""^"'"^ .yiti' joy," when it; founcLt," '™' "* ^'''^ ^h™ ■" corner-stone Jairl for In " "''""' """''•■'^ «"'' ehanges wLieh were t„ J eld tlH" '."r""-"»d the I'fe on the earth, and to al? tl f V ■"''■''''uction of 0* the continent; "" '^'"'"•« development ^- W. Dawson, LL.D il-XErici.sEs.— 1, MoIr« „ c;.n.ges through which th' e™? '' /'^ ^^--' «t-^tfn. the the sohd condition. '"'"^ P^««<^^I from the vaporo^us to ^- Write from your own Q, -sea o, fo™ati„„"t^,47,f x;;;r " tr"'>''°" »' «>« i- ^3. Learn to , spell : "^"*^ «arth passed ^haos M^^haiu-cal Primitive Nucleus Vaporous Condensing ^«lphunc Cry.stalh^ed 4- Give the derivation of Affinities Brilliancy Chlorine Astronomers Precipitated Primitive Precipices Inaugurated. 230 ENGLISH READER— BOOK IV. MANITOBA. Amalftama'tion, union ; lltcrallj-tho niiNinjf or blondhii,' of dilTcrcnt tliin^'3. Magnificent, (rroi'l, excellent. A'rea, extent. Fal'low, laiullcftuntillo(l,orploug:hed and not sowed. Yle'd, to produce. Prai'rio, an exteiiMive tract Of level or rollin;; land, with few frees. Exhil'nrating, producing happiness. Destined, inarl"-' ^vith anyone aestinod to become, at no ver listnnf rlof. +i arbiter of the fortunes of the iSo.^ '"''' ''^ ^ Fertile Belt' 3 Nn Z if-, ^- ^^'^^t is the area of the tionea in the les on 7 hI ^ S ^f" ^— --'i-y men! ^ VVhatwna fruit. art\,!^::ir/1'"^ whose banks coal is found 7 w- 1 ''•f'^'"e the rivers along called? 8. WhatdotfevrhinkM Ti ^^''P''"' ^''""*°'^^ 't^Saiithc^^!:;;;^^,, --^-^ {;fsr^ the soil is scarcely ^^m^:^:::^^';^' "For fertility. 3. Add prefixes to ke follow nrwo'^X^^^^^^^ less; establish. ° ^ ' ^^ofitahy ; portion ; 4. Add suffixes to the followincr words • S'.„. rare; end; rich; black. ' ^''^' Possess; dry; 5. Make nouns out of <-Iif> ff.n„ • 0. Explain the foliowin'- "els. («) Thearbiter^fthei:.u,li:;t;;5:;;Cr^-^ 234 ENGLISH READER — ROOK IV. NIAGARA FALI,S. ijiOK' Omnip'otent, possessing all power. Absorbed', entranced with all the faculties drawn to one thing. Tur'buleut, in a disturbed state. Incar'nate, clothed with flesh. Compas'sionate, merciful, full of pity. Typ'ified, represented by emblems. Prismat'ic colors, all the primary colors, because a prism divides a ray of light into its component colors. Propitia'tion, atonement. Hol'ocanst, a whole burnt sacrifice. Obla'tion, an offering for sacriffce. 1. Let us accompany the Christian soul in his pilgrimage to the Falls of Niagara. On be- holding them at first sight, he is overawed by their surpassing grandeur, stunned by their sound as if by the roar of thunder ; but recovering him- self, ho raises his heart to that great and omnipotent Being by whose all-powerful fiat these mighty won- ders were created; and, then presently sinking down into the depths of his own nothingness, he stands absorbed and entranced, as it were, at the greatness of the Most High; and, crying out with Holy David, he says, ' O, Lord, our Lord, how admirable is thy name over all the earth ! ' To converse with man is now irksome to him. His whole soul is filled with God. Tears relieve his heart borne down, so to speak, with the weight of the divine Immensity, while he again exclaims, ' What is man, O Lord, that thou are mindful of him ; or the son of man, that thou shouldst visit him ? ' 2. He looks upon those broad, deep and turbulent waters dashing with irresistible force in foaming torrents over that mighty precipice with a thunder echoed from the mountain banks of the lake below, and then thinks of the awful power of liim who NIAGARA FALLS. 235 .11 the primary prism divides a I its component nent. burnt sacrifice. g for sacriffcc. loul in his On be- jrawed by heir sound ering him- >mnipotent ighty won- king down , he stands e greatness [oly David, able is thy dth man is filled with 3wn, so to Immensity, ,n, O Lord, 3n of man, 1 turbulent in foamino; I a thunder akc bclo\v, Him who speaks in the 'voice of many waters/ and of his own last h'ap into eternity. In hope he raises his eyes and sees the clouds formed from the spray as- cending on high as he repeats to himself, 'Let my prayer, Lord, ascend as incense in thy sic-ht Let my last sigli be one of love after making my peace with God and the woild-' ^ ^ 3. The water, as it sweeps over the falls, sinks deeply by its weight and momentum ; and after gurgling, .seething and foaming, it rises again to the surface to flow on ^.^^ ^otly and rest in the bosom of that calm,still V ' All this reminds him of mans deep fall by si.i dua of his struggles for his restora- tion to grace gained at last by the all-atoning merits of the adorable Blood of the Word Incarnate through which he hopes to rest forever, like the' waters in the lake, in the bosom of God, where he will sing, during an endless eternity in ecstatic joy the lovmg and compassionate mercies of his great Creator. 4. Turning his steps up the mighty river, he sees in the midst of the rapids, small islands covered with cedai- and balsam trees sitting quietly in the sunshine, Avhile the waves dash around them. All this reminds one of a soul strong in God's grace and clean in the midst of the world, for 'in a flood of many waters they sliall not come nigh unto him.' 5. As the pilgrim passes over the brilge that con- ducts to the large island, he will see torrents of water rushing madly, as it were, from the clouds, the only back-ground to be seen; he recalls the world's great calamity when the cataracts of heaven 236 ENGLISH READER — BOOK IV. !) P^ • li [i were opened, and the earth drowned on account of the wickedness of men. Here the soul, overawed with terror, might exclaim, ' Come ; let us hide in the clefts of the rock, in the wounds of Christ, from the face of an angry God.' 6. It is morning. At the horizon, where the waters and the clouds appear to meet, all is calm and tranquil. Soon the river contracts ; and peacefully running ^or a while, it meets with ledges of rock, and, dashing itself into foam and whirling eddies, forms hundreds of small waterfalls, which, catch- ing the rays of the morning sun, appear as so many white-crested billows of the sea after a storm. Joy and gladness are typified in those sparkling waves. 7. Occasionally tiny rainbows may he seen enameling the brows of those miniature cataracts ; and, as innumerabie bubbles fall, pearls and jewels are reflected in prismatic colors in the foam. In these are t^een eml)lems of the morning of life, vvhei.^ candor, humility and loveliness portray the innocence of a happy soul basking in the sunshine of God's love. .8.. On rainy days a great change comes over the whole scenery. The atmosphere is gloomy and the clouds heavier here than elsewhere ; the roar of the cataract, striking against the condensed air, booms like distant continuous thunder. The mind is wrap- ped in solemn melanclioly and is brought to think of that pall of death which daily hangs over every- one, the sinner and the saint, o. If a clap of thun- der and a flash of lightning should add their terrois to the scene, the soul cannot but be reminded of NIAGARA FALLS. 237 1 account of il, overawed t us hide in 3 of Christ, e the waters 3 calm and i peacefully ^es of rock, ling eddies, hich, catch- as so many er a storm. 3 sparkling- nay be seen 3 cataracts ; and jewels foam. In ing of life, )ortray the le sunshine es over the iiy and the roar of the air, booms tid is wrap- to think of )ver every- ip of thun- heir terrois eminded of that great and awful day when the children of Ada.u shall be assembled for judgment in the valley of Jehosephat, and of that searchin hat sublime 1 ceremony ire in spirit. I card of the from man ti dominion sins of the s the great patriarchs f the sacri- iheir simple hing them- 26 of their >t virgin of uded child- gone; they y strove to nd perhaps Remember and may re been en- n and with [imself for to sacrifice m. Come f^ZTV^t"'- ""** "■« y"" -simplicity, which IS bettor i,ir than my foolish wisdom ■ across tins mighty chasm, lookinij down fearless)? on the scenes below. It is in its "native air it ht >"» has Its wings also. It cun look down with serenity upon the wreck of worlds, and in dea h it IS pla«d m the midst of the storms of evil spi t and when everything around is in fury and 00^: notion ,t arises quietly towards its Go^d to resUn the embrace of His love. .7. Thus it is that new beauties and fresh lesions a,^ constantly discovering themselves at Niagara The eye, wandering from beauty to beauty cou!^ Grea IS the Lord and admirable in H s works ■ while he says with St. Augustine : '0 Beauty, evei ancien and always new; too late have I known Thee too late have I loved Thee; may I know my-^ef, may I know Thee, my God," from thl grandeur and beauty of the Falls at Niagar" and may my praise and gratitude to Thee be as con- tinuous as the rushing of its mighty water.,. Archbishop Lynch. 2. Analyze and parse the last sentence of Section 2. 3. Prepare for Dictation Section.s G and 7. 240 EN(JLISH READER — BOOK IV. NORTH-WESTERN CANADA. •;i ^1 I Malin gerer, a soldier whc fciyns J Ram'part, an elevation of earth sickness t) avoid duty. round a fortresa. Gla'cis, a slope. Foss'es, ditches. I Promul'gatcd, publislied. 1. Beautiful a,s are the numoorles.? lakes and illimitalile forests of Keewaydin, 'the Land of the North Wind/ to the east of you, yet it was pleasant to get behind the north wind, and to reach your open plains. The contrast is great between the utterly silent and shadowy solitudes of the pine and fir forests and the sun-lit and breezy ocean of mea- dowland, voiceful with the music of birds, which stretches onward from the neighborhood of your city. The measureless meadows, which commence here, stretch without interruption of their good soil westward to your boundary. 2. The pi'ovince is a green sea over which the summer winds pass laden with the scent of rich grasses and flowers, and throughout this vast extent it is only as yet here and there that a yellow patch shows some gigantic wheat field. Like a great net cast over the whole area, bands and clumps of j.oplar are everywhere to be met wath, and these no doubt, when the prairie fires are more carefully guarded against, will, wherever they are w^mted, still further adorn the landscape. 3. The meshes of this wood netting are never further than twenty or thirty ndles apart. Little hay-swamps and spark- ling lakelets, teeming with wild fowl, are always close at hand; and if the surface-water in some DA. ovation of earth 98. jlished. s lakes and Land of the s pleasant to h your open the utterly pino and fir 'an of mea- jirds, which od of your 1 commence their o-ood ! pi'ovince is winds pass ,nd Howers, only as yet hows some it cast over jioplar are ! no doubt, ly guarded mted, still shes of this twenty or and spark- are always ir in some NOUTJMVESTE.{X_rANAlU. £41 tho soil boing .,0 devoid of IZL thL it ? I even nceossaiy to use a niol- M , ""' under the.,e ci,,,,,!::,, efwe hfar T'Zr'' .■ It was re,„arke.I witl, .surprise wLll Tf'""' aceusto,„ed to BritisI, gru „W n ^'^^ tfr^' m n ; ,t':™ :!;i*7> ^P-f ins of di.appo*n : the next S^r^oT^i tS -^r^-'-^-'-h Bntwith oven the best trooZ h",t !'' """•""?'■ world you will find „ fl, I- ^* """^ '" "'<> kers. C"ver w r ^<"'' ^hnnerers. a few skul- will hear office .srtoh::? '"' '"""' '""«'''• J^" uiiiLcis wno Jiave been enc/ao-ed sav 4o^. there wore some men whose idea seemel oTe tLf ;t was easier to conduct themselves as bta„,ethl m the rear rather than in the front ! S„ ft from the pons of men vvho have WledTn ff?'""^ countries, and have failed here wh "V"'™ failures and will fail till m ; Th^ ," ?« ha™ X:LTJer^t-L:tid'^'n"^ ^cTtir^x^^rfa^rLTtf""^^^^^^^^^ countered ii theTldlr ' " ,n t", f"^" .'° ^ »- was getting on well, ancf^: vasl.^d^rhlff '" and he generally added that ' he b Led is Mt of 242 ENCilJSTT ]{EAnER — BOOK IV. ^91 '2 tlio eountrv must be tlio hest,' and tliat ho only wi.slied his frioixls could liave tho namo good for- tune, for his expectations were more than realized. Favorable testiinoiiy as to the climate was every- where oily, nre It is ainonj:f pro])Oun(kMl. 11 lato years :lio annoxa- a. I must inonti( ninjx lection. In ntry is dis- ci, as it was men in the ndsliip and id has been, 3 continent ? orn and cx- of cleavage de? 13. Men lines, which n the same } prove the )e imagined II allow the nio between them out in I'se with the The safest vra at al', is le nature of ations exist 4. For other NOnT.r.«-£sTO,N_c..„A,,A. 245 '"out, an.l l„.st but „„t ,,' 7'"' J ."'"">'on |«rli„. "■0 fedi,,,, of o:;' It vt "^'r:r" "' each a„,l all of t,,„,„ J^^ ."y - .t timt in own constitution-so cai,all, '^^ '-"vu ,„ our wl.icli 0,0 people n,av,l!!' rr '"■^' ''"™lop>n«it people'. u,i„,l. Letllt sSl I"™ ''l"'-''^™ «f «.e are well able to take cnretl, . f . ' tana.hans and the outside we, ri.air «''•", °* "«"'ft'ture, instead of promullat „ ,7 ''"'^'" '» «'«" it. own. ^wev r « derii'l "''" ""■""^■' °'' tliese theories mav 1^ T ""'>' '"*>' foolish, wo n,ay be u aud th^ '? "t,™'" """^' <"' "''"«' Canada^ and w hi" ' -our ."' " r'""-^' ^o" »" children will be proud to I ",'"' ^'"'" "'"'••'<'■>•» land which wiV iTa h,H °T ^^" """ """'^•- '« '^ nations. „ MisLsLf I'"'"'' "'nong the for the n;:i.!:: roinTufr'-"?-'^™™"^ white population, Canada mu'oTudr'r'^T increase in her strencrfl, ,i '.*■'■ 'o .I"dge from the the many an l\! Jonn T% "'" P""'' "'"' ''-om of thatsie!!,;.?, 1?.P°''™'"^« for the growth areas hev on becoir now open to '. oecome great and worth v TT ^ '^ the earth affording the^^t^.^lri^ T l>est and safest hirdi- 246 ENGLISH READER— BOOK IV. way between Asia and Europe, she will see traffic from both directed to her coasts. With a hand upon either ocean, she will gather from each for the benefit of her hardy millions a large share of the commerce of the world. 17. To the east and to the west she will pour forth of her abundance, her treasures of food and the riches of her mines and of her forests, demanded of her by the less fortunate among mankind. I esteem those men favored indeed who, in however slight a degree, have had the honor or may be yet called upon, to take part in the councils of the statesmen \yho, in this early era of her history, are moulding this nation's laws in the forms approved by its representatives, is. For me, I feel that I can be ambitious of no higher title than to be known as one who administered its government in thorough sympathy with the hopes and aspirations of its first founders, and in perfect consonance with the will of its free Parliament. I ask for no better lot than to be remembered by its people as rejoicing in the gladness born of their in- dependence and of their loyalty. I desire no other reputation than that which may belong to him who sees his own dearest \s 'shes m progress of fulfil- ment, in their certain process, in their undisturbed peace, and in their ripening grandeur. Note.— This selection is a rortion of an address delivered in October, I8dl, by His Excellency the Marquis of Lome at Win- nipeg on liis return from an extended tour through North- western C-^nada. Exercises.— 1. Prepare for Dictation, Section 18. NOllTH-WESTERN CANADA. 3 will see s. With a r from each large share } east and to ndance, her lines and of 5s fortunate ^ored indeed ve had the ;ake part in lis early era on's laws in ves. 18. For 1 higher title inistered its bh the hopes id in perfect Parliament, abered by its 1 of their in- sire no other r to him who ess of fulfil- nndisturbed ess delivered in of Lome at Win- through North- in 18. 247 4»^1roLl'.wS''°"''°'" "-"■'""g 'he natal adv„„. i« CaS"" "" """'"" '»" P""''^ "t the Gover„„r.G..,er.l SKETCH OF THE HISTORY OF CANADA. parts" t^7 °^^''r;■ " ""^ ^' ■^'"''^d i°to 'hree lTZt!^i:,^rT/- «- *>-'' period, coverv „f A , '^ 1 7, , ™ y"""^ ''ft"'^ the dis- covery of Anenca by Columbus, the king of En.». sites of Quebec and Montreal. ^ EVENTS OP THE FEENCH PERIOD. IS3S to 1763. 1. Explorations. Little attention was paid to Canada for over fifty years after the time of Ca tie, Samuel Cliamplam was the first to attempt succes,: tu y to colonize the country. He was connected 1^04 tl f n'T """■' ^"y"'- '" Nova Scot *n 1604, and of Quebec m 1608. For nearly a quarter of a cen ury he continued his efforts in eXrim' and se ting the new country He traveled Zf art iff-™- of Ontario, and went sonZ far as he lake named after him. He took part unwisely, ,n an Indian quarrel in this district, and 248 ENGLISH READER— BOOK IV. 1'^ stirred up the bitter enmity of the Iroquois race against the French. This enmity greatly retarded the growth of the country in after years. The French carried on the explorations west and south of Canada, chiefly through the agency of the Jesuit missionaries. They explored and claimed for France uot only what is now called Canada, but a large portion of the United States as well, includ- ing parts of New York and Michigan, and the states in the Ohio and Mississippi valleys 2. Changes in Government. Canada was a vice-royalty till 1627. The king of France appoint- ed a Viceroy to rale in Canada in his name. In 1627, however, 'The Company of One Hundred Associates ' was formed, and to them was assigned the government of the country, and the exclusive privilege of trading in it, on condition that they should bring out a certain number of settlers each year. They were allowed to control the affairs of the colony till 1663, when the king established what i» called Royal Government. This lasted ex- actly one hundred years, till the country was given up to the English by the treaty of Paris 3. Governors. There were in all thirteen French Governors from 1663 to 1763. The first was M. de Mesey the i..st was M. de Vaudreuil, and the most important was Frontenac. 4. Wars. The French colonists were almost constantly at war, either with the English colonists to the south of them or with the Iroquois Indians. These Indians, who occupied what is now New York State, were the allies of the English. They oquois race ,ly retarded ears. The b and south P the Jesuit laiined for nada, but a '^ell, includ- n, and the lada was a Lce appoint- name. In e Hundred as assigned e exclusive L that they jttlers each e affairs of established 3 lasted ex- r was given .8. een French rst was M. il, and the ere almost sh colonists >is Indians, now New sh. They So\wta!]^;,7^-^ *-- V their inroads, on Montre Jand r ^'"''^'''^ unexpectec] attack whole of the in AT'?'.'^ "' ^'"1^^"^-^ '^'^^'b^ the ioie ot the inhabitants in a sinole ni-hf cL ^ AmpnVo T? i J-itucn and Jiinolish in and New York TT. 7^" , ^"^' ^* ^ew Lngiand the sea-eolt td S ngTe tt* tP ^';""!-T colonists raispd fw„ ■ ,'"•-'• The English in Quebec ami A,3i ""''%*" ''*"*'^'' "'» fencl, manded by Sir Will;!, w •* " ''*^' "'=« <^"">- began to attack the Br tishVJl ^T* ^■''"■" DeerfieW and Ha4h "re t^^^^^^^ ' f ''<'«''-"- thoirinhabitanfe^oste^eXtrt!:'^^ :':■;"/' w::o'ifeip':ouid? "? i"™'^ *-'■ ^'-^^l^ engagedtaTr;l:4t^r,>^^"'''- tu- in Europe. It came at last i9,i 250 ENGLISH READER — BOOK IV. however, and in 1710 General Nicholson captured Port Royal, and named it Annapolis, in honor oi Queen inne. This name it still retains, and the city has since th^l; time remained in possession of the British. In 1713, the treaty of Utrecht gave Acadie.. Hudson's Bay Territory, and Newfoundland to the British. This was just fifty years after roj^al government was established in Canada, and fifty years before the close of French power. ' PepperelVs Invasion.' After the loss of Acadie, the French built a very strong fort on the island of Cape Breton. They named it Louisburg, after their king. It was the key of the St. Lawrence, and it was so near New England that vessels sent from it could easily do great harm to the towns along the coast. The French also made it the base of attack in an attempt to retake Annapolis. The people of New England decided to put an e .xd to such annoyances, and raised an army which, under William Pepperell, succeeded in capturing the fort in 1745. It was restored to the French in 1748 by the treaty of Aix-la-Chapelle. ' The Seven Years' War.' This war was caused by the attempt of the French to hold possession of the central part of the United States as well as Canada. They began to seize all the Englishmen they found in the Ohio valley, and firmly refused even to listen to British officers when sent to treat with them. This showed the British tha'" tion was necessary, so they began to build a i ^ near Pittsburg, in Pennsylvania, but they w .u driven away by the French, who completed the on captured in honor ol and the city ssion of the y&ve Acadie. iland to the after royal a, and fifty 9s of Acadie, 1 the island [sburg, after .. Lawrence, vessels sent ► the towns 3 it the base ipolis. The it an p. id to '^hich, under in<^ the fort I in 1748 by- was caused ossession of i as well as Englishmen mly refused ent to treat h tha+ ^ 3uild a V r they w .o nploted the THE HISTORY_OF_CANADA. 251 fort and named it Fort Du Quesne after th. Governor of Canada. Other attlptfio establ h FrZh " " f' ^^"^ ^^"^^ ^^^^ and the French^remamed masters of the situation in 1754 ?.F r??''"^ ^'^'^'^^^^ ^as sent out to lead the English forces. He decided to attack the French at four places : m the Ohio Valley, in the Lake Cai^plam district, at Niagara, and i^ Nova Scott The Acadians, or French settlers, were exneHed s^Zif rtf t^'r"^^ '''^y would nottg ubrmt^ to the British, and continued to send help to their fellow-countrymen; but all the other Brn 7 IT^' t""^ '^'' y^^' ^^r- "tter failures Braddock himself was killed in the Ohio vX sTondT ri ''^' ^^"^^^ f-"^ *hose who under' tood he Indian and French method of warfare and allowed himself to be drawn into In am buscade. During the next two years tL F. i," had matters entirely their own wol a f""'^ the British fnrf of n ^' ^"^^ captured Henr7sonth of t! ru"^''. ""^^ ^^^^ ^^^^am xienry, south ot Lake Champ an. In ly-.^ hr ever the British cause was greatly .stagthteX the arrival of General Wolfe and n^h Y *p England, The F.eAt:it^^:,^TZ^ places. In the east AmherstauJ Wolfe seeure 1 T n • burg, and in the west Fort n„ n„ *"'™""l^<"«s- and named Fort Pitt pltob^r")^ ThT ™' *"'''" opened the way to Itt^ef ^rt ZZUTZ separated the Freneh in Canada from the'r fti,.?,"' on .he lfes,ss.pp,. In ^he Lake Champl^™ f were unsuccessful. It in I trict, that nearly every invad rano-e mg army sent through this ^ 252 ENGLISH READER — BOOK IV. IP ' Lake Gate,' by French, Eno-lish, or Americans, was easily defeated. Tlie year 1759 was one of tlie most important in the history of Canada, In that year Niagara was captured by Sii- William Johnston, and Quebec surrendered to Wolfe. The Ifttter event, so fully described in the Third Readei;, reaUy dosed French Rule in O'anada, although in naDi- the French owned our country till 1763. J\Ioi!trenl surrender; I t,r General-: Amherst and Murray in 1760, and Canada was formally ceded to the British in 1763. Tie i opul^tion of Canada and Aca lie at the close of the French period was about 90,000. EVENTS OF THE ENGLISH PERIOD. (a) Prior to 1791. (b) P^om 1791 to 1841. (c) From 1841 to 18G7. (d) From 1867 to 1882. (a) Prior to 1791. 1. Wars. Two important wars occurred during this period, 'Pontiac's War' and the 'Revolutionary War.' Pontiac was a very able chief, who had been in alliance with the French, and he did not like to see his friends driven out by the British. He planned a wide scheme for the extermination of the English. He captured several forts in the west and south-west of Canada. He maintained a regular siege at Detroit for fifteen months, without success. This was a remarkable instance of per- severance on the part of an Indian. It was duriL ^ this war that Michilimackinac was taken, duri ' game of La Crosse played by the Indians, wit^ avowed intentioFi '. le amusing the whites. all THE HISTOIlY_OF CANADA. lericans, was 3 ot' the most rn that' year jhnston, and tor event, so 4.'eaUy closed 1 naDii the >. Montreal I Murray in 3 the British id Acalie at Lit 90,(H.)0. OD. irred during volutionary f, who had he did not bhe British, termination forts in the laintained a ;hs, without nee of per- was duriL sr in, duri as, wit! ■ ». le 3. i'" ; -ill 23,"! >i'.'ls tlirown inside Ijv nnn nt ii i >>'»1k,1 m after i an I Zf '''''•™' ■ *'"' '"^>- tboug,,ttI,oywouldboabeto:f„rt,r?"'"r^'^ tc join tl>om wlien tlioy revolted I u, *^™T ''''"■' FroneI„„en, ruled by En'Cd tbet T*^ ' f'"""^ this, and the Ameriearjn^f r. *''°y, ''^'""•"l t.. do with an ar^y tr/on rclSr' t/'''"'°T':'T failed. Its commander waskdtl • "•'^l'"'"'''" Quebec, and a detach^Lru^S " CoC"l n"' "1 aga,nst Montreal were „,ade prLo^r '"""' the eoZy' wirlt:ir •, From 1700 to 1 G4 Then GeorJe ill istuerfa ^ "i"''' P"^"' ;n.toMs^ew^e'oCl:rrEtl^^^^^^ olics of their State 1 11 •!'. ^^^'"'^^ ^^*h- Freneh civil ^:r^:!-:^^^^^^ cases. It also provided for ih. 1 "''''''^ Council to ad4e the Gove^t/Th;^^^^^^^^ ^ great satisfaction to the French and r n iT, ^f ''' number increased so rapidly by thl' Lfluf ^f 254 ENGLISH READER — BOOK IV. United Empire Loyalists from the United States, that the British Parliament decided to form two provinces, one for the English and the other for the Frerich. To do this they passed the Constitutional Act in 1 791 , forming Upper and Lower Canada. It gave aLioiitenant-Governor and an appointed Coun- cil to each province, and also the right of electing an Assembly. 3. Progress. Thepopulationincreasedtol50,000 in Canada, exclusive of Acadie, during this period. About 10,000 United Empire Loyalists settled in Ontario. The British Parliament granted a laro-e sum to make good the losses they sustained through their loyalty to Britain, and gave them free grants of land. Prince Edward Island became a separate pro- vince in 1770, and New Brunswick in 1784. The first Canadian newspaper, the Quebec Gazette, was issued in 1764, and the first college founded at Windsor, Nova Scotia, in 1789. (h) From 1791 to 18^. 1. Wars. The War of 1812. One party in the United States was hostile to England, and ready to seize any opportunity for war. The British Government passed an 'Order in Council ' prohibit- ing all foreign vessels from trading with the French, as Napoleon was weakly attempting to blockade the English ports. They also claimed the ' Right of Search,' in order to examine any foreign vessel for deserters. The ruling party in the United States made these orders the pretext for war, knowing IV. nitod States, ;o form two otlier for the institutional Canada. It minted Coun- } of oloctinff 'd to 150,000 this period. is settled in ited a larofe tied throuffh free grants parate pro- 1784. •^hec Gazette, ! founded at •arty in the . and ready 'he British I ' proliibit- the French, blockade e 'Right of 1 vessel for ited States r, knowing THE insi-onY^oF_rAjfAi)A. 255 tl.at England was fully occupied by the war with Napoleon. The Northern Stites were ve , opposed to the invasion of Canadn,, hut the war i clain.ed that the Canadians would be -^-^' It brought onlydisgrace to the aIhcI^s but r i'' I troubled Canada on account fiLttrnt .^ "h she was not concerned if nr,;*-. 7 ^'"'^^^'^ ^" ^^Ji»ch n f ^f^^"^^'^ was invaded at t'l.roo poinK ■ D .-o, , Niagara, and n.av Montreal irel' c^..se the mvader« were defeated. In the w G^eral Brock took Fort Maokinae. drove OenT I Hull out of Canada, and with •> m„^I, „ ,, ™''^' compelled him to sumj ^7^ t ^ In T "eigiit.,. Jn addition to those killed on th„ ««i i many were drowned in Nia£;ara r ve ?n trvin t ' escape, and a force larger thin the en i e cZfi™ army surrendered to General Sheaffe, whoJed he Canadians after the death of the brave RrLl was killed at the beginning of th'tatt^In^t ^ east the Americans retired after a sli.dit .l-:, i near Rouse's Point. In I8I3 the Sir' ™ 'of •iefeated Genera, Pr:;:orranLt:,r;SXl 250 ENGLISH HFVDK. -BOOK IV. ;i: Tccumsch, near Moravian Town on tho Tlmmcs In tlie centre Lhey captured Fort York (Toronto), and bort Gom^o (Niagara), but were defeated at fetony (reek, mnv Hamilton, nn^^ ^, -er Dams near TJ.orold. In tlie east two armies were sent to attack Arontreal, one by the St. Lawrence and one by Lake Champlain. Both were easily defeated by loixes scarcely a tithe of their number; the former at Chrysler's Farm and the latter at Cha- teaui>uay. In 1814. the first invasion was made in the dn-ection of Montreal. It shared the fate of tormer invasions at La ColJe Mill, where a few Canadians checked and defeated the invaders. In the Niagara district, battles were fought at Chip- pewa and Lundy's Lane. The Americans won the former, but they j-etreated in great haste after the laU(T. Peace svas declared at Ghent in 1814. The following is a summary of the battles of ' The War of 1812,' fought in defence of Canada : BATTLE H \TES. 'TON BY 1812 (( Maf kinac Detroit ..,..,.. Queenston Heiglits ..',..[, EoiiLU 's Point "!..'.".' Moravian Town " " I -,Q~,q Fort York '.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'."] .' Fort George ......-.-- Stony Creek Bea^•er Dams .'!.'..' Cliry.sler's Farm ."."!.'.'."!.".".'.' Cliatcaugua^" ' ' ' La Coile Mi'jl .'..'.'.'..'.'.'.* Chippewa -..........!.*.'!![[,' Laacly's Lane .."!.*.'.'.'." British. Americang, (I .1 '■ « II c. British. " l>'»^d »« proerai.ed".'p;:it^:,'^^^^^^^^^^^^^ e.t:ng ineideni in connect™ tiththirrb "," nioveii^mit was fli,. >.„ • "^"'"^'^ tins absurd steame, used o "r,^ "'"• "'" '^"''"™' » band, I w youn?r,^„ T'"""'' *" M<=Kenzie's at her dock^nd ,"l? "^*T T""^ ''" "'"' "^S^t float over ;. fIi M^K " '° ''"i' ""''*"'' l'^' *" many reaso^ f.r^^TT^''' '!'» f"-^^ •>»<• rebellion .aa a.,.so. .S ::th':fo:L" " ""^ **"" Wick and K:r„t::ndX^ tr ^:r- finally settled hvih^ am ^ ''" ^'r. Ihey were the United slL^ss^:^^^^^^^^^^ ^^^f ^^-e acres in dispute. ^ ^'^^^'^^ thousand 2. Constitutional Growth Ti,« /-i. are notable for the rise a^^^le^oHhe V? Compact,' and the strucr^le for Rpl°„ m A^ ""^^ ment. The ConstitutfnilTet of -"' ? ^"™™- «oven.or t„ appoint his'own min sL"' 1^°"'" ""^ necessary for the miuirfo-c* u ,' -' ^^ "»' J' or cue ministers to be mem bers of Parlia- S^58 ENGLISH KEADEU — JJOOK IV. ment.and thoy w( o in noway rosponsiblo to tho peo- ple. In tliis way a class was formed, consisting of tho Legislative Council, the Cabinet, and tlieir friends whom they had appointed to office throughout the country. This privileged class w^as named the ' Family Compact,' and they resented all claims for equal rights made by the people. Such a class could not exist in Canada, however, and its offensive pride led to its own fall. After the rebellion, Lord Durham reported in favor of a union between Upper and Lower Canada, which was effected just fifty years after their separation. The union brought Responsible Government, and the * Family Compact ' lost its power. 3. Progress. The population during this period increased over one million, having reached 1,15G,000 at its close. Public schools were established by law in Upper Canada, Nova Scotia, and New Bruns- wick. Several colleges were founded ; newspapers increased ; a number of banks were opened ; recTU- lar lines of steamers were established, and leading roads were opened up throughout the country. Slavery was abolished in Upper Canada in 1793, and declared illegal in Lower Canada in 1803. Toronto, then called Little York, became the capital of Upper Canada in 1796. It was founded by Governor Simcoe, because he thought Newark (Niagara) was too near the American frontier. It became a city in 1834. William Lyon McKenzie was its first mayor. (c) From the Union till Confederation. 1. Changes of Capital. Kingston was the first THE IltSTOMJar CANADA. capital of tlKMiniM provino,., IW . , Toronto and Qui" , ?-« ';;'■•■'' ""-■""tcly in ...™t a.se.nMe., j„ ..aeXl'.: ^ "'■""" ^"'-- - ^"'ef Parhamentary Acta / r, , „■ loxsm Acts. Tlu.ro wero t.L Zlu ^MUon roli.'f of lovnl „ I ""V " "' """«'• ono for thu Canada bX 2"" .l',""™' '"■''< '" Uppo that, on it, bd.^' ^I"^' '"""; save ™el, oHenco the parliament .niZ'- '" ^^ ^"'™™''' K''!"'. from Montreal ' ™"°™' "^ "'" ™,,ital Ontario. Aftort tIL *, ^"^''"''' <^'""<'h m •nanded a.hateintb ^' ll'' ^""""•'ation,, de- divide th ir^lt tSnt f^'^rt '° ^"" "'^'"' -" ties, to bo used bv hi f f f"''""' '"""i'^ipali- to one man. Sottiers in tl " , ? ^'""' S'ven that thev^a™.. ™d' t ''"t" " P^P"""" °f =^11 sivo laws " Tl i, r^f '" "."' *° ^<^veral oppros- ment and proiSX^^^^"/ '^'''''''ed the Stle- pro^.obs ot the country, so it was repealed Hr\ 260 ENGLISH READER — BOOK IV. Ifj?l:' -V in 1854, and the Seigniors paid a sum settled by a commission. 4. Reciprocity Treaty, 1854: This provided for the ' free interchange of the products of the sea, the soil, the forest, and the mine,' between Canada and the United States. It also allowed Canadians to navigate Lake Michigan, and the Americans to trade on the rivers St. Lawrence and St. John. It ceased in 18G6. 5. British North- America Act. In 1865 a con- vention of representative men from the various provinces met in Quebec, and agreed on a basis for Confederation. This basis was afterwards adopted by the Canadian Parliament, and the English Par- liament passed the British North-America Act, uniting Upper and Lower Canada, Nova Scotia, and New Brunswick. The Dominion of Canada was inaugurated on the first of July, 1867. 3. Fenian Raids. An infamous society, whose pretended object was to secure the freedom of Ire- land, was formed in the United Stales. They de- cided to invade Canada, and in 1866 they crossed the frontier at Buffalo, and plundered the property of a few defenceless people in the district. The whole country was aroused, but after a couple of skirmishes at Ridgeway and Fort Erie, the Fenians retired to Buffalo to avoid capture. They also threatened the Montreal district, but they were satisfied with merely looking at the Canadian vol- unteers, and retired in disgrace. 4. Progress. The country made remarkable advancement in population, commerce, railroads, THE HISTORYOF^NADA. 9 61 was more than ireWed P^P"'"*""' »* Ontario r<«; From Confederation till ms. m™on has made steady progrei:"*""'- ^'" ^°- ga„izodTwt» ct./^"""^^ -- - the Dominion in 187 and prin!" "T. '"'""■'*^^' *° » 187.3. The whole ithe ^^at'x^o ^'w ^"'""^ longs to Canada, but is nof it !"f 'i^^' •'f provinces. ■' <"^ganized into . ^- Parliamentary Acts. Two are nf importance; the Wasl,;>in.t„„T T ' special Railroad Bi I. iVe fi"f w, T ^' T' **« P'*«fl« High Commission wtth*' '^'f'^'^ ""^ * Joint Seve.l qJstions amonw. ""t' •'""' ^■'""'•''^ bama claims, the ^^tSl^^ J^ I """"S "'o ^la- and Alaska Bounda y Znf ^ ''' """ ^•'^ J"«» or referred to arbU? Lt "^hrHtteT*''' ^' '* duced in 1878 wifli f h. • f ^ ^^' ^^« "^tro- with the Atll^W ~^ When finished it will IT^^" ? ?'"^^^^^^ ^^iJ. of the Dominion. ^''^^'''* P"^^^^ work islst^ir.':"::^;.!^^^ m of the Hudson Ba;T; ^ f ^' P^"^«'^^«" breeds, led by Loufs Ril f ^^ ?'' ^''''''^ ^«^^- y i^ouis Kiel, formed a government of 262 ENGLISH EEADER — BOOK IV. their own, and refused to let the Canadian Governor enter. Loyal citizens objected to their course, and one who refused to submit to them was seized and shot after a ' mock trial by a rebel court-martial.' Sir Garnet Wolseley led an army of Canadian vol- unteers through the wilderness between Ontario and Manitoba, but Riel fled before his arrival. Canadian authority has since been maintained. 9,. Second Fenian Raid. In 1870 the Fenians again gathered on the frontier near Montreal. A few farmers in the district calmly waited until they stepped upon Canadian soil, and then saluted them with a volley from their rifles. The brave Fenians fled in disorder ! Their ' valiant general,' skulking a mile and a half in the rear, was arrested by a United States marshal, and the President soon after issued an order forbidding future invasions of a similar character. 4. Progress. The Dominion has made rapid advancement. Three provinces have been added to the four united by the British North-Ameria Act. The great North- West is being rapidly opened up and settled. The various conflicting interests of the different provinces have been brought into harmony, and the few causes of discontent which at first ex- isted in some places, have been removed. Thorough loyalty to the Dominion is now the sentiment of each province. The future of Canada is full of hope. With her large territory, her free institu- tions, her unsurpassed system of education, and her firm devotion to morality and religion, the young Dominion gives promise of a vigorous and pr ogres- THE HISTORY OF CANADA, 263 n Governor course, and seized and rt-martial.' nadian vol- en Ontario liis arrival, ntaincd. he Fenians Dntreal. A aited until hen saluted The brave ,nt general,' i^as arrested ?sident soon invasions of nade rapid sen added to ^meria Act. T opened up 3rests of the bo harmony, at first ex- .. Thorough entiment of a is full of free institu- ion, and her , the young .nd progres- sive future. Commercially she now ranks fifth among the nations of the world. 5. Governors Since Confederation. Lord Monck was Governor at the time the Dominion was inaugurated. Sir Jolm Young succeeded him m 1868, and he was followed in 1872 bv Lord Duffcrin. In 1879 the Marquis of Lome came to represent his royal mother-in-law. THE CHRISTIAN'S ENJOYMENT WORKS OF NATURE. OF THE He looks abroad into the varied field Of nature, and, though poor perhaps compar'd With those whose mansions glitter in his sight, 264 ENGLISH READER — BOOK IV. Calls the delif?htful scen'iy all his own. His are the mountains, and the valleys his, And the resplendent rivers. His t' enjoy With a propriety that none can feel, But who, with filial confidence inspir'd, Can lift to heav'n an unpresumptuous eye, And smiling say — ' My Father made them all ! ' Are they not his by a peculiar right, And by an emphasis of int'rest his, Whose eye they fill with tears of holy joy, Whose heart with praise, and whose exalted mind. With worthy thoughts of that unwearied love That plann'd, and built, and still upholds, a world So cloth'd with beauty for rebellious man ? Cow]aer. THE GREATNESS OF ENGLAND. Mr. Gladstone, in thh passage, dwells upon the truth that even wealth nnd commerce depend upon the moral and spiritual condition of a nation. 1. We rest in the confident belief that England, in despite of her burdens and her disadvantages, will maintain her commercial pre-eminence among the nations of the world, provided only she can also maintain, or rather also elevate, the moral and spiritual life of her own children within her bor- ders. Her material greatness has grown out of the power and integrity of individual character. It is well to talk of our geographical position ; but this does not alone make a nation great in indastrial pursuits. 3. There is our mineral wealth : hot prob- THE GREATN£SS_OFj:xGLAND. 2b"5 ably so much greater than that of other lands «. earlier extracted and emnloved • ^Z I ' ceeded that earlier ex^racHo^ . T' ^'^ TK • a-iiicr extraction and apnlicatinn ? There is our cap tal, the fruit nf n, ^^'''^^J^^" • of the country is to be foun^aTd his^ if"] /""r^ pre-eminence is secure, if he ^ant "f^ '^^^^l preserved, or even rescued from degen'aty. ' '' A PSALM OF LIFE. X. Tell me not in i^^ul numbers, Lite IS but an empty dream ! " For the soul is dead that slumbers And things are not what they seem. 2. Life is real ! life is earnest ! And the grave is not its goal - Dust thou art, to dust Wi i« not spoken of the soul retui-nest. 266 ENGLISH READER — BOOK IV. 3. Not enjoyment, and not sorrow, Is our destined end or way ; But to act, that each to-morrow Find us farther than to-day. 4. Art is long, and Time is fleeting, And our hearts, though stout and bravo, Still, like muffled drums, are beating Funeral marches to the grave. 6. In the world's broad field oi' battle, In the bivouac of Life, Be not like dumb, driven cattle ! Be a hero in the strife ! 6. Trust no Future, howe'er pleasant ! Let the dead Past bury its dead ! Act, — act in the living Present ! Heart within, and God o'erhead ! 7. Lives of great men all remind us We can make our lives sublime. And, departing, leave behind us Footprints on the sand of time ; 8. Footprints, that perhaps another, Sailing o'er life's solemn main, A forlorn and shipwrecked brother, Seeing, shall take heart again. 9. Let us, then, be up and doing, With a heart for any fate ; Still achieving, still pursuing, Learn to labor and to wait. LongfeUovf, 207 ' ^YtJjL, "kx- i^^-M-rTesj ^^/^/L.4, .fet ^mu^/}; tuj-tl<..y7^> ^0 4xJ {-mC^^^H/^-A-Kj^ cv^ /^ LUfGLuiu jjj r^u^.^^ (h^A^j-i^ ^c*c*c^ ^i^ /2S. fjUc!:^ 268 ENGLISH READER — BOOK IV. THE EED RIVER VOYAGEUR i.Out and in the river is winding The links of its long, red chain Through belts of dusky pine-land And gusty leagues of plain. 2. Only, at times, a smoke-wreath With the drifting clond-rack joins, — The smoke of the hunting-lodges Of the wild Assiniboins ! 3. Drearily blows the north-wind From the land of ice and snow; The eyes that look are weary, And heavy the hands that row. 4. And with one foot on the water, And one upon the shore, The Angel of Shadow gives warning That day shall be no more. 5. Is it the clang of wild-geese ? Is it the Indian's yell. That lends to the voice of the north- wind The tones of a far-off bell ? o.The voyageur smiles as he listens To the sound that grows apace ; Well he knows the vesper ringing Of the bells of St. Boniface. UK IS,— TIFE REDJIIVER . Y rAOEUB. T.The bells of the Koinan Mission. - Ihat call from their turrets twain ; 10 the boatman on the river, To the hunter on the plain ! 8. Even so in our mortal journey The bitter north- winds blow, And thus upon life's Red River Our hearts, as oarsmen, row. ..And when the Angel of Shadow Rests his feet on wave and shore, And our eyes grow dim with watchino- And our hearts faint at the oar, "' lo.Happy is he who heareth The signal of his release In the bells of the Holy City, The chimes of eternal peace ! . Whittier. 2G9 wind 270 ENGLISH HEADER — UOOK IV. BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES OF POETS AND AUTHOlirt Fit' HI WHOHK WOKKB EXTUCTS ABE BE- LKOTED FOR THIS BOOK. Joseph AdiliMon, was born in Wilts, and eduoatpd at tho Char- terhouse and at Magdalen Collegn, Oxfoi-d (M. A. 1093). Ho was engaged to write a poem in celebration of the victory at Blenheim (1704), and thin gave such satisfaction that he at once received a Commissionership of Appeals with about i;200 a year, and in 1700 was made Under-Secretary of State. At Oxford, Addison had greatly distinguished himself by his Latin poems, and ho had also written good verses in English. His farst ^n-oso work, the Dialogues un Medals, M'as composed on the Continent; so too was his poetical ei)istle to Montague. The Campaign (1704) was closely followed by Itcmarks un Several Parts of Italy, The opera of Rosamond appeared in 1707. But his fame rests on his periodical papers, chiefly on those contributed to tho Spec- tator (1711-2 and 1714), in a less degree on his contributions to the Tatler (1709-11) and the Guardian (1713). Besides political pamphlets, he wrote also some purely political papers in the Free- holder (1715-0). Cato, a tragedy, was 'the delight and admiration of the town' in 1713; and The Drummer, a cumedy, was acted in 1715. He died in 1719. William C:ji»i. :* Bryant was born in Massachusetts in 1794. He studied for r ■> i;,\.', but early connected himself with the news- paper press, uuii. w>iH long editor of tho New York Evening Post. His poems raii noi rsumerous, but are of a very high order. Robert Bro\v,iui»g, one of tho most remarkable English poets of the age, was born in Camberwell, a suburb of London, in 1812. Mr. Browi' 'iig was married to Elizabeth Barrett in November, 1840, His collective poems, in two volumes, appeared in London in 1849, and since then three additional volumes were published, all of which have been republished in this country. Though a true poet, of original genius, both dramatic and lyrical, his poems are not yet popular among the masses. Much of his poetry is written for poets, requiring careful study, and repaying all that is given to it. A few of his dramatic lyrics, however, such as The Pied Piper of Hamclin, The Lost Leader, Incident of the Frc7ich Oamp, Herve Biel, How they brought the Good News from Ghent to Aix, are unrivalled in elements of popularity. His wife is the foremost female poet i.>f the Eiiglish language. Tliomas Carlyle was born in Dumfriesshire in 1795, and studied at Edinburgh. After four years' labor in teaching he de- voted his energies exclusively to literature. Carlyle's most import- ant works are these; Life of Schiller n 825), &vat contributed to the Lotidon Magazine in 1823-4; The French Bevolution (1837) ; Bartor B'-aartm, which originally appeared, after not a few rojue- tions elsewhere, in Eraser's Magazine (1833-4), and became a book in 1838; Chartism (1839); Past and Present (1843; Cromwell's lACTB ABE SB- BlOORAPHffAL SKETCHES., 271 Great ,1858.05). Ac do these n „ "' ^^- '*"'''■' "^ ^'' '^''■'^'^ '^"' from tho German (1824 7) P^np";",!^ ^l^w ,nii.,.rtant translations (1824); and many nisc;iIaLor.S?; Goeth- •. f^/,,/,,, ,,,,-,^,.^ various periodicals ^''^'" ""* ^rt-at literary value in in m^ Hf:"zre;Ti'''?,^^^^^^^ a?; ^^n^^"^^ *« *^' ■ famous. He had alreadv HTHifi^ u-^"'' ^* ""^® »"»'' which, after manylSii'^.S tT\ ^'' ^'^^""'^^"on of II , cuted many other f -ArK.! .VF 1' ^^ \^^^ aj.peared m 17'J1. He e ve- pieces) ; fro^AiUonS^nd"' altn n^f '\"" ^' T"" ^'^^^ Boadicea, The Loss of fh» TfV,'.'.,/ n """ ^"''^'^'^^B^neom jiouma— well known. Geoffrey Chaucer ia often .l'30O a year. •ailed the ' Father of Enchsh Poetrv ' at poet that En,rin„.i «?"_ v.5,i'^"X- pilgrims, wno were ri(ln,?throuS £ Zl^^ "^^^'^^^ tliirty-two roads in England-betwetn T^i^i S*^^^" lanes— then the only age to the shrine of tKs a Bttf^^-^"*'^''^"^. «^ ^ P"ff"'n^ century, he spoke and Se iSsh 0^^^^^'" t^/^^^-te'enth Enghsii, in fact, flye Jaundred yeafs old.^ "^''* ^^""^ °""- Ists, was born in PozVtxS.TEng""8lV' Heir ^"^^^^^ °°^^1- the newspaper press of T.nnVA,^ , 'i i -^^ became reporter for cles, SketcL S ^o/ coSected «lf '° '?>r*'^'^5*^^ original aS H s succeeding-" works p±Xi ^"P^^^^^^^^ii^.lS-Sa and 1837. His nareer has been one Kmo.? LI? f '"^^^ ^'^ reputation, peat original genius, bo^owinirom no nt>^ '"'?/''• f « ^^'^« » Tng no one. if e has peopled hteratiSewifhntf '''^*^^' '^'^^ ^'^"tat- and real as any in hisVy Ked 1^7n 1« ^™''*?'^' '^^ ^^«*"»'=t last work, TA^ Mystery If Edwin D^S' ^""""^ ^"^o^Plete his eame? f fo;eSrt"Se^'a« of Gkorok Eliot, achieyed reputation as a noH- ^w T^'^^o ^"^ehsts. She also po:i?Sfeas4ij^^^^^^^^ f^P^stXYyT. poems (1874), and DaZllSdrilmT "^ ^^'' ^ndVller lan"S.'^rrX''t^e?t? ^^ the City of Port- He wrote ,^2,Z^.reo;»,"-a romance in l^w'Sl" ^""^^^'^ ^^"^"S prose work, in 1848. The first rnffi-^ Kavanagh, another P«b.,W in 1«», en.iU.I FSLTr4*^ i&?X«3 .^i IMAGE EVALUATION TEST TARGET (MT-3) V /, {./ ^^< f/. 1.0 I.I 28 1^ L25 i 1.4 1.6 ^C Sdences Corooration 23 WEST MAIN STREET WEBSTER, N.Y. 14580 (716) 873-4503 M i\ <^ U^ <\\ <>A W^ 272 ENGLISH READER — BOOK IV. and other Poems followed in 1841 ; The Spanish Student, a play, in 1843; Poevis on Slavery, in 1844; The Belfry of Bruges, and other Poems, in 1845; Eva^igeline, a Tale of Acadie, in 1847 ; The Sea and Fireside, in 1849. The Golden Legend, in 1851; Hiawatha, in 1855; Tales of a Wayside Inn, in 1803 ; Flower de Luce, in 1866 ; The Divine Comedy of Dante Alighicri, translated, 3 vols., in 1867 ; The New England Tragedies, in 1868 ; and a complete edition of his Poetical Works, in 1869. In 1845 he published The Poets and Poetry of Europe, the most complete and satisfactory A^ork of the kind that has ever appeared in any language. The high finish, gracefulness, and vivid heauty of his style, and the moral purity and earnest humanity portrayed in his verse, excite the sympathy and reach the heart of the public. Thomas nioore was born in Dublin, Ireland in 1779. His most famous works are: Lalla Bookh, an Oriental romance, 1817; The Loves of the Angels, 1823 ; and Irish Melodies, 1834 ; a Life of Lord Byron, and The Epicurean, an Eastern tale. 'Moore's excellencies,' says Dr. Angus, 'cnsist in the graceful- ness of his thoughts, the wit and fancy of his allusions and imagery, and the music and refinement of his versification.' He died, 1852. Thomas Babington Macaulay was born in Leicestershire in 1800. His Essays, published in the Edinburgh Review, gained him a foremost place in literature. His Lays of Ancient Borne ap- peared in 1842. In 1849 he published the first two volumes of his History of England, and the third and fourth in 1855. In 1857 he was raised to the peerage of Great Britain, under the title of Baron Macaulay of Rothley. He died suddenly in 1859. He was a man of splendid abilities, and of amazing attainments, which he embodied in a style of exquisite ease, purity, and force. Hugh niiller was a distinguished writer and geologist. He was born in Cromarty, in the north of Scotland, in 1802. At the age of six- teen he was apprenticed to the occupation of etone-mason ; and he worked at this occupation from that time till he was thirty- three. In the year 1840 he became editor of a newspaper in Edinburgh ; andin the course of that year he published a work which at once made him widely famous— T/ji, Old Bed Sandstone ; or, New Walks in an Old Field. The book not only contained wonderful discoveries, but was written in a clear, beautiful, and polished style. After a life of hard literary labor, he died near Edinburgh in the year 1856. Be- sides several works on geology, he is the author of My Schools and School-masters; or. The Story of my Education. John Milton, ou;. greatest epic poet, and one of the most strenu- ous assertors of liberty, was born in London in 1608, and educated at St. Paul's School, and at Christ's College, Cambridge. When the rapture took place between king and parhament, Milton wrnto, mo.at vigorously on the popular side ; and on the establibh- meut of the Commonwealth (1649), he became Foreign or Latin Secretary to the Council of State. Early next year, under inetnic- ". v^^- ish Student, a The Belfry of ne, a Tale of . The Golden of a Wayside ine Comedy of New Eityland "^oetical Works, try of Europe, d that has ever Iness, and vivid •nest humanity ich the heart of 779. His most omance, 1817 ; odies, 1834 ; a 1 Eastern tale. a the graceful- .8 and imagery, He died, 1852. sicestershire in et<;, gained him ient Rome ap- volumes of his 1855. In 1857 ider the title of 1859. He was iiments, which force. ogist. He was t the age of six- mason ; and he hirty-three. In iburgh ; and in )nce made him 'alks in an Old veries, but was After a life of ear 1856. Be- ry Schools and le most strenu- , and educated ridge. When iment, Milton the esta,ljlish- :eign or Latin under inBtruc- BIOGRArHICAL SKETCHES. 273 very weak before mnS/oatai TM'"^ '■ff"(^ ^'^^ ^^J^'-'^ ''oing conti.uu.d with n idi SLrenert^v ''^'''■'';- N«Y'''-"^eloss, he old,■a,.sc^^^•ldc•h^vereso l!t1n'Su.dtir^^^^^^^ ^"" ' *^^^ 8"°'^ tlie net of indemnitv o.. H ri/n?? i- ^V':*,!"^ was exempted from in liidin.^ tiJlKi^o. ds se^uredZ^^ (/O^O), and had to remain Lycidas, etc., be],,,,- to tli thue of 'hr^ -r"' "^^ Pensero,o, ^)iirin.' hiH settleiii..nf in /;,., ^'"^ residence at Hortoii. wrote "a lar,'c uaber o ,m, bb'.f'^"''". '? "l^ Bestoration, be i-e]i^^io„s liberty.aswell as o e J ...T'^ *L*"'*^'?" °" civil 'and be was revolving fh?s m ind tw n v /"'■"^^'%Lost, .vhich gun probably about 1058 and^ after narSj"""' ''^''^""'' '^'^^ ''«" at the hands of the iioenser at W ",''''^°'^ y.^'P^P^ng mutilation one of tlie ^^r,.at Xics of the Im l1 ''^T^'?'] '« 1«67. It ranks as to the Nor,nan Coi^i .est, was puL^bed S^u7 % ""r'"'''' ^°^"' disc, licyauicd and SavQZ Aaonth} "' ^^'^- ^^^* y'-'^''. Para- Milton wrote also on L "•" QrC nar 7,'T ^'''''" .*," *'"' P^^^i'^- He died in 1674. " ' ^""^'^'^^» aud many other subjects. ^y'^''^S::t!:\n,"£lT^^^^^ -^ «- day. He was, moreoVer, chose iuirf for f^^^V^^^^^ British architects But e is much mo 'J ""' "'" ^'""^ «^ devoted himself to what ma v e en W T' ■ Y'" ""V'^ ^^'^^"^ ^e has his fine genius to raise tLTwl^atSi^r^lcS^^^^^^^^ iml";.™ wLsCnri*'! '""itil^fr"^ "^ Signet in Edin- due to the rising influenco of G^rmaif Iu"l^^-*r* ^^^^ free translation of Biir-er's famon= if'n r ^^® P^^l'lished a been composed more tbfn twen ? l>allad ienore (wliich had influence if PercyslJj • L "'^'^'j^..^^!;^:: ^^'-(1775), ,under the be regarded as the first work in which ff 1 f •? ""'^'^ess; it < may claim t(. be considered as an orSr It '^'■f*'^^, • • • laid his by a distinguished succession of nf "V.*^"""- ^^^^^ ^''^^ followed of the Lake (J810) S F fol^ rn'.f^^^^^^^ novel, Waoerley'' From 'th " K ^ow " TS"" °' ^"J ^.f * extraordinary series of 'Waverley NovdsV includin^Ero'f tile m: I i' p., '! 274 ENGLISH READER — BOCK IV. £4^mnn!f/T;-r""°"i ■ ^'^'''^^^ '^^l this, Scott wrote also a uotes rn n«fr«H ^'^"'■-''1" ^^"graphy and criticism, and elaborate notes in Illustration o. his TJoems and novels. He died in 1832. t,oSl"wrrh.?n"*!*''o?''l?'*'', thT^reatest of aU dramatists and was ninetLn h * Stn-.tford-on-Avon, April 23, 1564. Before he ^a nSZvfn ^'''■'"'*'^ ^^"^- 28, 1582) Ann Hathaway, daughter Belf WhX "'^f'TJ'' '"'"'^ "early eight years older than him- biliiie,^r ,! H ""iu"'" *h« pressure of his fast-in.^reasing responsi- stron/ attvw "■ *h/i««tless impulse of conscious powe. or the ima^fnatior? ^h^l°^ ^^^ ntage for his most livel/ ind vigorous oTtwente. . nf P?^'? ^^'^"^ hi°^««" i" I^o"^. n about the age oi Xr^Sr * ^'^°^"'^r« l^heatre. As an actor, as an adapter ereat rer.n?nf1nn l^'^lu' '^"'^^as an original dramatist, he achievid a he retSt^ K ^^ l^^ ^""^ °^ ^^^ '^''°*^- ^n quitting the stage, he coutfnl,.^ ?'' "^.*''? P^^^^' P'^^h^P^ ^o* before 1609; and here dav Ann^P-i I'r^J.*^ ^.T?^- ^^ ^^^ °° J^i« fifty-second birth- s' ttfj^i;^' ^^^®- Sliakespeare's P^ays-coraedies, histories, was m-ntpH?n~ifio^c, ""^^I^^ *°^y i" 'i"'"»'er. Fenz^s a«d Adonis Thl ^Rnl^ fr ^^^^' ''"^ ^""^ followed next year by another poem, £ n.S^ °-^ i:'ii''rece. The Sonnets, over one hundred and fiftj^ in number, were a^l published by 160'j. ^ in'lSO?**"^ ^***"7'* TreucilTi^ehbishop of Dublin, was bonr theoloLr „^ T1 .^o-i^^erly Dean of Westminster, and is a poet, a£^Tl \r-^ philologist. He has published books on The Far- aotes, 1 lie Miracles, several on Words, and some Poems. roh,lw' '^•*'"X?"'tP.°''* lauT^te of England, was born in Lin- TrSv ^'l? ^^^n Ho received his university education p^. ^ \vl College Cambridge. His first volume of poems published in 1830; his second, three years afterward. T, ot Jiis early mnior pieces, as well as his selections from x/. ±:rtncess, are simple, true to nature, and exquisitely beautiful. J.n Memoriam., one of his most characteristic poems, is the most important contribution which has yet been given to what mav strictly be entitled Elegiac Poetry. The poet's early fame is fully sustained by his later writings. Tdyls of the King, for vigor, ex- quisite utterance, and varied interest, is probably inferior to no corresponding poem in any language. The Holy Grail, and Other Poems, was publisliod in 1870. William wordswortii was born in Cumberland in 1770. On the death of Southey, in 1843, he became Poet Laureate. Wordsworth had a very hard struggle for recognition. After several years of verse-making, he published, in conjunction with Coleridge, the Lyrical Ballads (1798), which made no impression. In 1814 appeared his great poem. The Excursion, which made its way in the face of much adverse criticism. Among the poems wnich appeared later, although written earlier, may be mentioned t. ,*t®A "^ ^®^^' ^^'^ T^**'^^ ^°^ 0/ Rylstone (1807) ; in 1819, Peter nnaa^ ^' ^^^ Waggoner (1805); and in 1850. The Prelude {17J9-1805). The Son?iets and miscellaneous poems are innumer- able. He died in I860. ENGLISH PREFIXES. 27:. THE CHIEF PEEFIXES AND SUFFIXES IN THE ENGLISH LANGUAGE. ENGLISH (OB TEUTONIC). PREFIXES. A (a broken-down form of an) - at fn astern, afield, abed. It is also found in !. " "■V'^^"''*' *^°'*'"'*' *»hore, alice, aweary: A,o in a V^Z^ZniZTZr "'*' *^^^'^"^««' ^ Be. . A particle which has three functions • (i^ it moi \ • . Of .ntransitive, as befal, bemoan bewail • 2) tn.tl *""k"' "''''' °"* Mis (connecte<' vith the verb miss and f h« n i? nusjfive, mistrust. '^ ^^'^ ^- ^- "°"" '«^. evil). . . .MisspeU, To, this.... To-day, to-night. torn 01 »^: F,„„ ii, ir4£ir """'" "' >■"""« "" ••"' i» With, aj«ln.l or awa, (. ,hort torn ot ths o r ..« SUFFIXES. ^"''ss^a^dl^•r^^t:rsrr*^••r'^"^'''-^^^^^ with daze). It is used also wth Latin ?nd J *''^''*' '^*'*''^ (connected (from extendo, I stretch out or dislj) col^j'r'f^ """;'"; "" '" "'«"''"'•'' a dog that runs off with his tail bc'l ween hTsTji) *" '*• ''""'''• " ""'' ' being a oHvative8 which Rut there are certain XnL"cfw{'hev,nTr^''^^ '" ''«*"''' P™'-«<-'C- these special notice requires to be taken Thl^ i^" composition ; and ot counted for by what is ca' ed bv nhiini; • T^"" chancres are generally ac Only the chief prefl.4Vare Sen herft^' «««mi7a ' pare with) ■ correct (/ SenaM^^^Jf r''^''l "^^^^ ' '°"''*'' (^ '='^- English words, as in coZllJ^!' ^" ^° " '""""^ "'«° *"»» P"'eJy Contra, against, takes the forms of pnn+r« „„^ «?.««* o^atn^O; controveT/L;rr.aS/r"^**'";---^''"*''»^'«*(^ aoainst). So also. counterbalLclrd XSkigr '""'' ^^ """* Dis, apart, takes the forms of di and da r»!oo,.v. /t . , , disn.ember (/ take the ^m^-/« "'o! defer XLT-^d^ "JT ^"^^ ' /ro7n). It combines also with English words !s "^'^^^'^(^■"o «'^-«y band, distrust. ^ngnsn words, as in duown, dislike, dia- E or Ex out of, takes the form of ec and ef Edncp rr u.^ ^. exhale (/ breathe out) ; expatriate r/ ^w,",; ' . ^ K '^"'^ "'" ^*'-'' <'"<) J tond) ; efface (/ wipe oa)AU^rll 1 ""^ "^ '*' ^""•'■« <"• /««''^'- to an ;. Thus\a"SSsh^enedtZof °"""^ f "■•• *'"^ ^^ '^ <="* d"'^" I.kethebarko«fand.rrc^^.?rL^^^^^^ '"•;^S«;iSStSM;^!i;n^?.^pe^^^^ run water into). Throngh Fr it bp^^m ""P^' ("^ ^"^^^ »«'») J irrigate (/ In, a prefix, meaning not, takes the forma r.f i^ ■ iniberaUllegal;impi;us,lmp:tXHti^ anainst) ; oppose (/ pZac. ^./eV a^a,"!"). "^ ''^^""'^ = "^^"'^ ^^ *"•*« Per, through, takes the form of nel Pprf„^f /r ^ P'^^'^rm(IshapethorotcffhZ)^h{n^^^^^ '^,'"«*'' - I" .n:«»., a wanderer rf.^S rAcW TL^^'lS^r."'"'" '-"*• ^^^'^■ pursue (I follow thoroughly) '' ^*''°"K*> F'- >* becomes pur in ^0. forth, on or before, takes the forms of pel and per. . . .Promote (/ pu.^ 278 ENOLISH UEAl^EU — J500K IV. :, I ijnnji on); proceed (/ ijo on); pollute (lit. to /low over); portend (l stretch forth and indicate). Re, back or affain, becomes red before a vowel .... Rebel (I make war against); reduce (/ brin;/ hack); redeem (/ buy back; from imo). It combines also with Erifjlish words : Rebuild, remind, reopen, reset. Sub, under, up from below, takes the forms of sue, suf, aug, aum, aup, sur and 8U8.... Subject (/ throw under); succour (/ run under to help)'- suffer (7 bear under) ; sugsfcst (/ bring to from under ; summon (/ call from below or secretly) ; supprsss (/ push under) ; surrogate (o person called from under to assist in an office) ; suspend (/ hang under). Com- bined with English words in sublet, etc. SUFFIXES. Able, ible, and We, from tlis, capable of or fit for. . . .Culpable {blama' ie) • probable (capable of being proved) ; flexible (bendable). It combines also with English words in teachable, eatable, etc. Age, from Late Lat, agium; from Lat. dttcum.. . .Voyage (from viaticum) • homage (from homagium) ; marriage (from Low Lat. maritagium). This Siifflx frequently combines with English words : Tillage, bondage, %Dind- age, breakage, etc. An, ane, from Lat. anus, related to or connected with. . . .Pagan (a man in a, par/us or canton); publican (a man connected with the public taxes); humane (related to homo, man). Surgeon has been contractetl from' chirurgeon (from ehirurgianus, a handicraftsman) ; sexton from sacris- tan ; and mizen (mast) from Late Lat. medianus (middle). Ance, ancy, ence, ency, from Lat. antia and entia, from abstract nouns. Instance ; infancy (the state of being an in-fans, a non-speaker) ; "in- dulgence; decency. Found in combination with English words in grievance, hindrance, forbearance, furtlierance. Cle, eel, or ael, from the Lat. diminutive cuius or cellus Uncle (from avunculus, a little grandfather) ; carbuncle (literally, a small live coal, from carbo, a coal). El, le, or 1, from Lat. &lus, Ula, or ulum.. . .Angle (a little corner) ; buckle (a little cheek, from the rainature face which was generally placed in front of the tongue of the buckle) ; castle (easteHum, a little castrum or fort). Er, eer, or, from Lat. arius, a person with iiinctions Archer (arcuarius a bowman, from arcus, a bow); usher, a doorkeeper (from ostiarim; from ostium, a door) ; councillor. Ice, from Lat. itia, a mark of an abstract noun. . ..Avarice, justice ; service (from seroitium) ; solace (from solatium). He, or 11, from llus, capable of or fit for. ... Fragile (breakable, contracted throufh Fr, into frail) ; able (from habilis, capable of having or holdine) • agile (fit to act). ^' ' In, ine, from tnus, with the same meaning as the last. Divine (rfil.-ited to the divi, the gods) ; saline (from sal, salt) ; marine (related to mare, the sea) : canine (related to cants, a dog). LATIN PREFIXES. 279 iend (/ stretch (I make tear trom emo). It Jen, reset. Bum, sup, Rur, nder to help); uinmon (/ call ^ate (a person under). Com- ic (blama'ie) ; combines also )m viaticum) ; agium). This ondoffe, wind- gBn (a man in jublic taxes) ; itractecl from 1 from sacris- ict nouns speaker); in- ish words in .Uncle (from tail live coal, •ner) ; buckle lly placed in !e castrum or r (arcuarius, m ostiarius; tice ; service ', contracted or holding); le (related to to mare, the from5";-^.r I tVv S^h^^^^^^^ ' """'* "P> ^ ^''Periraent one, of two estranired ,^«nn^ ^ J *^'"^ *°«^^*^'''''"*°°"«- = ''t LATIN EOOTS IN MOST GENERAL USB. thf SrinV^oteTre^^pS^^^^^ ^^^^ '^''^'' «-™-«^^ to find that the Latin word . ^ ''"°" "^^''^ """^ ^^"g^age possesses. Thus we ^ono (posu-um) I place, has given us 250 words. Plieo (plicit-um), I weave, Ca^io (capt-um), I take, -S'pccio (spect-um), I see, 3fi«o (miss-urn), I send, Teraeo (^enf-wm), I hold, Tendo (tens-urn), I stretch, -Duco (duct-um), I lead. 200 197 177 174 168 162 166 280 ENGLISH READER — BOOK IV. eon) concise ; (with de, down) decide, decisive ; (with rex, rcij-is, a. kint^) rejficido ; (with mi, of one's self) suicide. Cano (ciint-um), I sing. . . .Cant ; (throuRh Fr.) chant, cliaiitidccr, enoliant ; (eoiiihiiied with «(/, to) awcnt ; canto (tiirou-li It.); (conihiiicd with re, haclc or a},'ain) recant ; incantation. Capio (capt-um), I talte or seize. . . .Caimble, capability, capacious, capacity ; captive, (tlinni;,'!, Fr.) caitiff ; (combined witli ad, to) accept ; (with out,; before) anticipate ; (with ex, out of) except r (with re, ba(-l<) recipient, receptive ; (throujjh Fr.) conceive, receive, etc. Caput (capit-ia), the head.. . .Cap, cajxi (a headland), capital, capitation, captain ; (combined witli dy, from) decapitate ; (with pnv, in front) pre- cipitate ; (with re) recapitulate ; (through Fr.) chapter, chaplain, chaplet : chief, chieftain. Cede (cess-um), I go or yield.. ..Cede, cession; (combined with ad, to) accede, accession ; (with con) concede, concession ; (with prm, before) preceilo, precedence ; (with re) recede ; (with sc, apart) secede, secexsion ; (with mb, under or after) succeed, success, succession. Claudo (clau8-um), I shut.... Clause; (with con) 'conclude, conclusion- (with ex) exclude, exclusion ; (with «e, apart) seclude, seclusion ; (through Fr.) close, closet ; disclose, disclosure. Colo (cult-um), r till or cultivate.. ..Colony, colonial, colonist; (with ar,er, agri, a field) agiiculturo, a>rricultur.al, agriculturist ; (with Iwrtus, a garden) horticulture, horticultural ; (with flog, flor-is, a flower) flori- culture. Cura, care. . . .Cure (of souls), curate, curacy, curious (lit. full of care) ; (with ad) accurate ; (with pro, for) procure, i)ro(uracy ^shortened into yjn-a-//) • (with se) secure, security; (through Fr.) sure, stirety. (Thus «wre and surety are doublets of necure and security.) Curro (cura-um), I run.. ..Current, currencv, curricle, curriculum ; cursory (with in, af,'ainst) incur, incursion ; (with ob, against) occur, occurrence • (with re) recur, recurrence; (with ex, out of) excursion, excursive.' Through Fr. : Course, concourse, discourse ; succour. Dico (dict-um), I say or speak. . . .Dictate, dictator, dictation ; (with in on) indicate, indicative, index ; (with inter, between) interdict, inte-dictory • (with verus, true) verdict ; (through It.) ditto (= the said). ' Diea, a day, diumus, d.iily. , , .Diary, diurnal, diet (an assembly); meridian (from mcridien, mid-day). Through Fr. jour : Journal , journey, journey- man ; adjourn, adjournment. Do (dat-um), I give. . . .Date (of place or time) ; (with ad, to) add, addition • (with con) condition ; (with e, out) edit, editor, edition ; (with trans' across) tradition ; (through Fr.) treason, traitor. Duco (duct-um), I lead or draw. . ..Ductile, ductility; (with aqua, water) aqueduct ; (with via, a way) viaduct ; (with con) conduce, conduct, (the same word through Fr.) conduit; (with in) induce, induct, induction; (with intra, within) introduce, introduction, introdiK^tory ; (with pro, forth) i.railticc', proiiurc, pru(lucli.,ii, iiroducible ; (through Fr.) duke' ducat ; (the same word through It.) doge. ' r-ATIN ROOTS. !«, rcfj-is, a kiti'^') 281 f'*-»»"onsi« ; (with ft/,,, nmke) manufacture; (thr^gh Fr) manir .•"?'""""' •' ^«'"' >'-'o, i inancBuvre. (a.«m. a work), manure ^' "**'" ^''""^ »'«»«'o«>); Mitto (miss-um), I send MUa committee, committal ^•oSi™ToS;"''"'*' r""'^^'^" = ««-""*. permit, permission ; (with r., backj're,^ 'n "f ' ^^'"^ '"'^' 'trough 06, away) omit, omission- S . 1' '™"«ance, remis..i„n ; (,v7th Through Fr.: Mass; mc,st'e melt '*' ""^''"'^ ""'^it. -^"bniiss on franic-like the n in Tii'htH lakT ?''"• ^'^"'^ ^ '" ■'"♦'^-''-•e or S' etc. In the fourteenth ceituv '*"''"'"«'--fr«>» Porridge, passe ner written.) ^^"'"'•>' '«'^*''«i;«- and pa,sa!,er wire alSiS 282 ENOLISH READER — ROOK IV. Moveo (mot-um), I move; mobilis, easily moved .... Move, movable, mo- tion ; ooniiiiotion ; emotion, -al ; remove, removal ; remote ; momorit ^contmctcd from inovimentum) ; mob (the first syllable of mobile vul. '*'«"'"'e. ascription ; conscript, »eript;%ithpr^e?; ISI'JIh' '•««"'lf °" = (with nr>r,. not) ncHle! toire (a writinSk) ^ '^ "'"'• ?'•««"'?"'">• Through Fr. : Escri- ^''UXiceTVHe™!rih1j?i/r^^^^ r**""*"; -^^^nt; (with insect; (with tW.St^';:; ^f^^^^^ (with in, into) ""lintXSlJtS^rwSh a.)-'^""' r"^""°' ««"-"-• --«'vc; (with n^;. noirnon .Isl ^o„setirrV*i. r'*^ '*'*> ^'^^"*' ^'ssen^ion (with r., back) resentrnt ^'= ^'^*''^«'' »«'o")P'^sentin,ent i ''%i;ctt:;iS[.a«f„r;n:i;r:^ sr- «'^^*-. «'^"i'y. re.sisrn (= to give back th;83foWe)' *^"' "'""'*= '^"''^"' '""sllnuS^'sS^S;,; Sr^wir "f--^'-"-. «'-i'e'. ain>i.itude = «rf) assemble; dillemb7e 'efei "" S« /''°"^^'''- ^ (^^^"> >quids«.and/. (Co^paVeTCS^.^o^c^rr)'""'^*"'"""'^*^" "^ '«?^cL":\UKs"t;^^^^^^^^^ ^«P«-I-atuB) I watch circum, about) circuictcir;..r'?'= ^^'^^^ '"^> "^P^' (with ■".rough F,. : Altlm ;"„* W ,*: S^'.Ti^: "' "; '~'" "'""•«• ■ ■"" ,,..«j, under; sustain, sustenance "i-.nr-.,n, mauiccnance ; 284 ENGLL-SH READER — BOOK IV. II, If c intenncnt ; (with sub) subterranean ; and (through Fr.) terrace (a raised level of earth), and terrier (a doj? that follows game under ground). Umbra, a shade Umbrage (= offence, from a shade gathering over the brow) ; umbrageous ; umbrella (a small shade). Unda, a wave — Undulate, undulatory ; inundate; redundant. Through Fr. : Abound (= to flow over the banks). Utor (us-us), I use — Use, usage, usury (money paid for the use of money) ; utensil, utility ; abuse ; (with per, through) peruse. Valeo, I am strong or well ; validus, strong. . . .Valid, valour, valiant, value • (with in, not) invalid, invalidate ; (with ad, to) avail ; (with prce, over) prevail ; (with cequus, equal) equivalent. Venio (vent-um), I come. . . .Advent, adventure ; (with cireiim, around) cir- cumvent, circumvention ; ' onvene, convent, convention, conventional, conventicle, convenient ; (with e, out) event ; (with in, upon) invent, in- vention, inventory : prevent, prevention ; revenue (what conies hack to the state) ; (with super, over) supervene. Through Fr. : Avenue ; covenant. Via, away. . . .Viaduct (from duco, duct-urn, I lead) ; (with de, from) deviate ; (with in, not, and per, through) impervious ; (with oh, against) obviate, obvious ; (with prm, before) previous ; (with tres, three) trivial (= the kind of tallt found where three ways meet). Through Fr. : Convoy ; invoice. Video (vls-um), I see; vlso I visit .... Visor, vision, visit, visage, visible; evident ; (with pro, before) provide, provident (contracted into prudent), providence, provision ; (with in, not) improvident, improvidence ; revise, revision ; (with super, ove ) supervise, supervision. Through Fr. voir, to see, and vue, a sight : View, visA-vis ; (with in, against) envy ; inter- view ; review ; vidette (a ca'/alry sentinel) ; survey, surveyor. Voco (vocut-um), I call ; vox; (voc-is), a voice Vocal, vocation, vocative, vocalist, vocabulary, vociferate ; advocate, advocacy ; (with mqum, equal) equivocal, equivocation ; invoke ; revoke ; convoke ; convocation ; (with pro, in front) provoke, provocation. Through Fr. : Vowel ; vouch, vouchsafe (to warrant safe by a promise). Fr.) terrace (a raised under sroiuid). ) gatliering over the edundant. Through • the use of money) ; ilour, valiant, value • ill ; (with prce, over) circum, around) cir- ntion, conventional, in, upon) invent, in- [what conies back to ugh Fr. : Avenue ; th de, from) deviate ; ob, against) obviate, ;hree) trivial (= the ough Fr. : Convoy ; isit, visage, visible ; acted into prudent), iiprovidence ; revise, Through Fr. voir, gainst) envy ; inter- surveyor. vocation, vocative, (with mqtiwt, equal) convocation ; (with r. : Vowel ; vouch, MISPROxVOUNCED WORDS. WORDS OFTEN MISPRONOUNCED. 285 a n,s in arm a " ale a " and SOUNDS OF THE MAKKED LETTERS. e as in eat e ' end i " ice i as in ill o " old o " on Q as in use ii " up 66 " ooze absolutory, ab-sol'u-to-rl, not ab-so- lu'to-rl. acclimate, ak-kli'mst not ak kll-mat. acoustics, a-kow.s'tik8, not a-koOs'- tik.s. adjectival, ad'jek-tiv-al. aimirable, ad'nil-ra-bl, not ad-mi'ra- 1)1. So ad'mi-ra-bly. aeronaut, a'<:■r-o-llawt,/loi)ath-I. So hy-drop a-thist. hymenoal,hi-rae-neal,no'lc-uiii. medicine, nied i-sin, noi ined sun. memory, mem o-rl, not mem rl miasma, .ni.az'ma, 7iot me-az ma "er-o?oy' "'''■"■■^' °"-''' ""* '"'"• molecule, m61'e-kul, not moner-haps', not prap.s nor pre-haps . phaeton, fa e-ton, not fe ton phonics, fon'iks, not fo-niks. photographist, fo-toj^ra-fist, not foto-.^raf-ist. So pho-tog ra-pher pacable.pKVka-bl, not plak'a-bl plebeian, ple-be'yan, not plebe-an Er"i^'P°':-te"t'.'»«v),sul)'tIl,Ho/ sub ■ til. summoned, sum'mund, not sum'- muiizd. swiftly, swift'll, not sw it'll, synod, sinod, not si'nod. thanksgiving, thanks'giv-inff, not thanks-j,'iv'iiig-. three-legged,thrC-legd ■, not thre-le;,''- frod thyme, tim, not thlm, tiny,t7 ni, not to iii nortWX. tottering, tot'tor-in,!,'-, not tot'tring. tribune, trib fin, not tr\'\)uu. trivial, trivial, not triv yal. trophy, tro'fl, not trot'I. trow, tro, nut trow, tulip, tu'lip, not too'lij). tumor, tfi'niur, not too ninr. turbine, tur'blii, not tur'liin. typhus, ti'fus, not ti'pus valuable, vallu-a-bl. not val'yfl-bl. vehement, ve'he-incnt, not ve-ho'- inont. So ve'he-mence. venial, ve'nt-al, 7iot von yal. vicinity, vl-siii i-tl, not vl-sin'i-tl. violent, vi'o-lent, not voi'lent. So vio-lence, viscount, vikownt, not vis'kownt. visor, viz'ur, 7iot vl'zur. volatile, vol'a-til, 7iut vola-tU. wan, w6n, 7iot wan. wept, wept, 7wt wep. window, win 'do, 7iot win'der. worse, wurs, not wus. worship, wur'ship, not wush'ip. worst, wurst, 7iut wust. yellow, yel'lo, 7iot yel'ler nor yai'lo. yesterday, yus'ter-da, no* yis'ter-da. yourself, yOor-self, 7iot yCr-self. zoology, zo-ol'-jl, iiot zOo-ol'o-jI nor zOO'lo-jI. %5.A&^^-^ \e»f^i '^a:a0 not stOo'dent. «'),.sul)'tll,(w