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Les diagrammes suivants iiiustrent la mAthode. y errata )d to nt ne peiure, ipon d 32X i 12 3 1 2 3 4 5 6 i / ' \ / •V, c «•» , rrA DESCRIPTION Of the English Province of CAROLANA, By the Spaniards call'd FLORIDA, And by the French La LOUJSIJNR As alio of the Great and Famous River ' Mesch ACEBE orMissisi p li The Five vaft Navigable Lakes ciViefk Water, and the Parts Adjacent. ^ . . " " ' '' TOGETHER With an Account of the Commodities of th6 Growth and Produdion of the faid Province* And a Preface containmg Come Confidera- tions on the Confequences of the fV«ff* making Settlements there. r— 5y Daniel CoxE, Efq; "fH*"*"»" ———■11(1. « ' -«, ■ I II I ■ I ' ■ J ' ; • • i f ' " " Printed fir B. Cows^ st the Eofe «»ir1CroWfl »« K(tj«;».,>i^# ttte..- 1 1"" F-7 V- D^. .Ca4 1 / \ ./ i *^ ,i/ - I 1 '6 i ^ ** % ^ '^ r . . ** ' V ^ , ., :.i' -' .^' - p ' iiiMi Wli'iiiiiWrt- 'i.A IJf/ .. ,7 ' Rg -tr--',. •> ;. 1.- ■■ b^^ T H f^Ml^ PR E F ACE. H£ enfutng Treatife is^ for 'out the moft tart, compos''d ou of Memoirs^ which the fre fint Proprietor of Carolana, my hmourd Father^ had drawn frm fe- ireral EngliOi Journals and Itineraries taken by his own People, whom he had fint for Dii'covery of thU moft ndble^ pleafant and fertile Province and the Parts adjacent^ both by Sea and Land; as weOoifrom the Accounts of other TraveUefs W Ihdian Tr^. ^ ders, i ribe Preface. ders, trio had often fund into and *anid tbroush the Heart *f «,.«•'''»* Perfons of good Underftandiii^ ««f 'I ii «jcd otfter, tt lA nor to vcj^^^r'^g ^ould conft'tre to/imgpffm\€S ««flfji fities on the World. . ^ _ . The^a^ Trouble and Expence (dl/feTwo great Impediriients op Pub- lick Good) t^e r«i(i Proprietor has un^ der^oneto efe^ all this, mil fcarcely be credited; for f^ rio^'^^ a^ui^/t Charge, fir federal Tears, efiabh/hdand kept up a Correfpondence tt'ir^ the Go- vernors and Chief Indian Tradirr m aU the EngUftiColonii^f on the Contin^_9t ^- merica, imploy'dmany People on Difcove- ries by Land to the Weft,Nbrth and South of this lafi Extent of Ground, hut Uke^ wife in the Tear 169S. he equippd and fitted out Tire^ Ships, provided with above Tutnty mat Guns, Sixteen Paterexoes, abundcm^ of Small fitmy Ammuni- tion, Stores and Provifions of aUSorts^ not only fcr the Ufe of thofi on Board^ or iM»m wwiMdikA^' :e. -f^^^^^^ n^mm^imir^rm "'^Wf'l^^ c'J into and . to ^nia ?P^ mc/ Expence i^ents o/Pub- rietor ^^ ««- pi// fcarcely be at JsU fole eftabli^d and with tht Go- Traditrin aU Continekt^f A." )le on Difcove- srthflnc/ South und^ hut like^ e e^uipfd and ided with above {fen Patereioes, ns, Ammuni- )ns of all Sorts J thfffe on Board, and The Prepack. and for, ^ifcovery by Sea, but alfo for building a Fortification, and fettling a Colony by Land ; there being in both Veffels, bejides Sailors and Common Men^ above Thirty Englifti and French Volmte^rSy feme Nobleoien, and at ^fntUwjeo. One of thefe Veflel^ difcoverd the Mouths of the great and famous River Mcfchacebe, or, as temd by the French, Mi9ifippi,fnf€r'i and afcended it above One Hundred Miles, and had perfe3ed a Settlenaent therein, if th^ Captain of the other Ship had don$ bU Duty fffeirees of Longitude, was then effe&ed^ and moft of the Perlbns who were a&ually upon it, with their Journals, Drafts and Charts, nt^rrid fafe to England, the Proprietor prefented a Meir.^rial thereof to bus then /W«;e/?> JCinj; William of GUbrious Mefliory, wherewith He was fo well pleas'd md fatisfydr that in a General Council caWd for that Varpoie^ he order d-k to h read,; and taken into -Confideration," Hiw/ei/V ^nd aboue ^Twenty of the CounQilj who were then prefentf prefer befi^ ought motea H more derta Bene Secu; tinem that bling freqw that 1 Encc ticula at hi Fren with to bet; Bl tlem fame, then fmjh radQu c fi. jks and AC-* ' them/elves the Jence fieming 'jcceeding in Jo the Zeal and bjefi of Eng* vain attempted nee, the moft Monarch of ijcovery of that Mouths, and a, on the Bay r^Tyegrees of ^eited^ and ntoft -e aSiuaUy upon , Drafts and England, the emiirial thereof }g William of Bremth He wa^ fydj that in a ithat Purpofe, and taken into fi^' and above who were then prefentf The Preface,* prefenty unanimoujly agreeing^ that the Defign of fettling the faid Province ought to he fpeedily encouraged and prO" moted. His faii Majefty hein^ afterwards more fully convincd^ that Juch an Un- dertaking would greatly tend to the Benefit of the Englilh Nation, and the Security of its Colonies on the Con* tinent of North America, often declar''d, that he would leap over Twenty Stum- bling- Bio jks, rather than not effeU it 5 and frequently affu/d fAtf prefent Proprietor, that it Jhould not only receive a Fublick Encouragement, but that he would par* ticularly contribute towards iV, by fending at hU own Coft Six or Eight Hundred Frenph Refugees and Vaudois, to joyt$ with thofe Engli(h who could be procur^4 to begin the Settlement thire^ Beside* (/M>frj Noblemen, Gtnr tlemen and Merchants, proffered tbi fame, fartifularly the Lord upnfdale, then Lord Privy-Seal^ being highly fenfible (ff the great Advantages would rfdound tq th( EngUlh Nation thereby^ 'V. ^i "' yj. " ' ■; ' ■ ' ■ " l yi •" ^ , '■'1 1 m w> The Preface. ■ ■ V ■ *1 ofer'd to affift the Defign with Two' Thoufand Pounds i« ready Mony, or a Ship of Two Hundred Tuns, with One hundred Perfons of whatjcever Trades or Eitipldyments fiould be thought moft convenient ; and to provide them with Provifions, necejfary Tools and Inftruthents, for the Space of One Tsar; not making fAe iw^ Capitulation for himfelf or them, beyond the Grant of a; Competent Tra& of Land for their Habitation arid necejfary SvkM^ince: But the fudderi f>eath of that Lord, and fion after of King Wilfiafti; put a Period, flf that Time^^ to this noble ^Indertaking. . .^..v.-.: "The f r^jfeyrPrdprieto riot long after tU i>eathofihkt MdnaTch, did in the fubfequent li^gii prcpbfe iht revising and promoting%e afofepM Ent^ift^rize, hat theyMzTfitijtting^ \>i>f^h^fto^d ex- cefftve char^abk^ ''hnd ein^ofa the wh&le Thoi^ts- dfii' Atfentibri tf Mitt!^ fy:y^ htiide^d fhe^trimt^ing thereof. Whereupon he diMed f¥om: any further VvokQ,Vitton of ' tm Affair, tin a fitter Opportunity Opoi very J rahle propo. much aftfr he f Mini the F yjjej fons as ah H moft' Crow Diib ther hi ali them, turn theV tion thel the Indi them i^'lhaajntiWift' ' -M^Mu I lii i l i liii 'BW(i^irfa i a i ja i il i V i irn*L' i J i irtf i' i i i ltifMW i rtii CE. I with Two 'y Mony, or a Tuns, with ^ whatjcever :s jhould he nd to frovide cejjary Tools Space of One Capitulation nd the Grant And for their ' Sufenftance: that Lord, ilfiafti; fut a fp thu noble '\%t long after Mydid in the ihe feifi^Dittg fch''ftov*d ex^ iiofd tbt whole iof'fheMMr tiiffng thereof, m any further it^, tiR a fitter Opportunity ip«'*!fr The Preface. Oportunity Jhould ofer itfelf, though 'veryforry hU Country had loft fo fazw^ rable a Conjunaure, when ^^^^ f^ ^?« proposed might have been accomplijh d wttb much lefs Trouble and Expence, than after a Peace Jhould be concluded ; jor he forefaw, and often warn'd the then Miniftry, that whenfoever that happen dy the French would certainly endeazour to tofefs and fettle that Country, for Rea- fons too many and tediouA here to relate^ as afterwards too manifeftly aj^ear d. HpwsoEVER''4« thU Colony does mofi certainly of Right hkng to the Crown of Great- Britain, // the prjt Dilcovery, Grant, Foffeffion, and o^ ther moft' matetid Circymftances, m^y h' allow d to carry any Weight w^th them, it may he a fatisfa^^ry fat^X- tainment, ifrntdfed^^^ ^to t^ePublick, t^ attempt afhortpemj^ tion of ir in ftint, 4nd of th^ Land^ ^^ ^/&e Northwards, as far asfmdanu^g^ the Five gr^at t^s^ th Na^hs^e^ Indians inhabiting tbermj andth^Lm themfihes, m 9^ n:^' % fW' T 1ii^ri)>M.rfill. lirtVi i¥ »miiMmKmtliUtmuitiiliimktim imiL «MMMMAn*^ ' j iii y w The PnEFACEr nimals, Vegetables, Mettals, Mine- rals, and other the Produce thereof ; toge^ ther with an Account of the gnat Riier Melchacebe, and the Ri'vers which in- creafe it i both from tht Eaji and the Weft^ a^ likiwife a brief Relation of the Coap of this Province, on the Bay of Mexico, and the Rivers, Harbors, and Illaiids belonging to it ; all which^ i flatter, myfelfi are more particular and €2'a{i than my Thing the French have fuhliflyd rtUting thereto. The fame may be faid of the annexed: Ma^^ which no doubt . w ihf, beft of its Kind extarit. By both which the Reader wi^ /^^ ^cw contiguoiiA thi^ Viovince lies to our aU nady ,fettUd CkAonmywhkh are entirely furroundid ky it^md the othef Lands fo'Ji&e^Noj^Uward, by the ^xench calTd Canada ci. l>k^ Erance, 0ho thofe to th^SmtbwiiAof the great Lakes they mft mjufily claim tie Vvo^eny off for they . m;^ re^ nbmt the Beginning of the.JHigd, of King JaHies II. made over anct' fufnendtjl'4y by- the Irocois and thm Allies, to theXr^m [of England, ^^--■. ' " '^ / ':; \ th the have to I abon) who ofl Indi fidej and knon ifti As ] the oadi and One vag'. froa Hon fore' rabh confi qftei bis ^M. mmimmm^ ettals, Mine- thereof ; toge^ the gnat Riter vers which in- Eaji and the ^aRelation of ?, on the Bay ers, Harbors, it ; all which^ particular and >e French have The Jame may Ma^^ vehich no ind extarit. By will feey how lies to our aU hkh are entirely * iothef Lands &* French m//V ^^;fife' thofe to eat Lakes t^ry 5 -Property of* he Beginning of Hies II. rnadt the Irocois and n lof England, The Preface. the Right and Poffeffion whereof we have ever fince afferted and endeavoured to fecure, both by ourfelves and the ahovefaid Indians our Confederates, who on their Parts, on all Occafions of Difference with the French or their Indians, do for that and other Con- fiderations, demand the good Offices and Proteflion of the Englilh, who knowing it their Intereft, never fail^ if the Caufe is jufi^ to a ford it them : As they did in the Tear 1696. If^hen the Count Frdntenac Governour of Ca- nada, vokh fiver al Thoufand French and Indians, attacked the Onondages, One of the Five Nations, and Ra^ vag^d their Country ; but on the ^f • froofk of Colhnel Fletcher Gqvernour of New* York, with fome Regular Forces, Militia and Indians, he was forced to tetirej not without a confide^ rable Lofs from thofe Natives, who conftantly attended him in his Retreat j often fell on his Rear^ cut off many of bis People, and all the Straglers they ^Quld m^et with* ' r The A ri I I 1 i .Hii- i i ii i i i iwmi, ^ The Preface. The Five Nations^ when fummond on our two laft unfortunate Exfeditions againft Canada, readily joind the Eng^ lilh Troofs under the Command f^fOe- neral Nicholfon, with about a ihou" fand Men 5 And the reft of them were in Motion in different Farts 5 fome to difcover and obferve the Fdfture of the Enemy in their own Country -^ Others to Scout about the Rivers and Lakes. And tbey^ have fo great a Reliance m the Friendfhip and Protedlion df the Englifh, whom they have ^ever found and atknowled£d to be fm/j jfull , Honeft ' and Yundm]^ in their Treaties and Dealiiigs with them^ that during the hit War^ they liff dHly ■fermitted^ but alfo irpvited them^to butlda Fort inihe ^ry heart oftb^r CfQuntty and on tbeh Main River^ the Qtife of wBcb adjoyhs: to and Opens iniis One of^ihsit Capital Towns dr Fortification^, hUbited by the Mohacks, thechhfithdmft'^iir^ like ^VLtitm -among them. The j^ng^ ii(h Oarfifm bein^ a Detachment /row the Independent Compnies of ^cw^f ^i-i'liliiiito.j'g^*'^' Mmm>miMlAiil-iMM~ 'len fummond z Exfeditions )ind the Eng^ nmand ^fp^" bout a ihou' f them were in fome to difiover the Emmy in to Scout about And they have 'riendfhip and 1, whom they owkdg^d to be nd run(5tual, Dealiiigs with ate War J they !4t alfp irpvited the ^ry 'heart m thm Main kb adjoyns: to itheit Capital fjnUbited by khd mfi^^r-f' tachment from inies of Ivew The Preface. York and Albany, live with them in the ftri&eft Amity, and dayly enter their Caftle as the Indians do Our Fort, who ccnftantly fuffly the Sol- diers with Venilbn, Wild-Fowl, Fifti, and other Neceffaries in their Way, From thefe Indians tff the Five Nations, the Englifti of New- York, purchafe the greateji Part of their Furr and Peltry-Trade, and in Exchange fuffly them with Duffels, Strowds, Blankets, Guns, Powder, Shot, ani other the Manufaftures of Great-Bri- tain, at a much eafier Hate than th$ French ever could. That Nation knowing and envy* ing the great Friendftitp and Com- merce the Englifh of New- York cuU tivate and carry on vpith thefe Indislns, and being finfible of Mt mighty %)}$ and Service they are of ^ not wly to that Colony, mit to aU our other Colo-^ nies to the Northward, have m^ many Occajions endeavoured^ by all the Arlifi^ ce$ ifnagfnabky to draw them over to their Party W Interefts, vphich tphen I- UHl.L. il.HI" — The Preface; t^eyfaiVd in, They have attempted h Force or Fraud to Extirfate or SuM them : But that cunning and VKar//fcc People, by the Advice and Afifiance of the EngUlh, have ever prevented their Defens, to whom they continue molt incem'd and irreconcileabk Enemies; tho' as long as the EngliOi have Peace with them, they are ferfuaded to con- tinue the fame. c v,. IjjipEED during the Reign of King lames II. They had certainly himC^t off and e}LtQrmm^tQd by the tFencU (the EM^^ W/ii fn>hibited, to give )hemthfleajt 4fe .^^^^^^/Jj happy Revolution of Kw^ VVilham intervened, and the W^t ^itk France foon Succeeded:: , ^ p Nay, even Collonel Dungan a Ro. man CathoUck, made^ Qmmour of New-york by King James, tr^j ft that Time fi very fenfibk of the Kmxi intended to tk five Nations our A^i^, And . in fynfequence to ^he^^^ nations, th^t ^be ordered the Popil^ fmfts, yphomrthjU^^^ ^^'"^ ^^^.^ man ^.t.^3i>* attempted^ by tte or Subjea and Warlike nd Afiftance prevented their continue moft h Enemies ; ih /ta«;e Peace ^uaded to con-' leign of King ainly h^n Cijt hy the FFcnch bited^ to gi'oe ) had not the Kkg William with France Oungan a Rof Qov^rnour of [ames, vpas at ie of the'^\m oris our Allies, Engjiib Plan-, ^d the Popilh i^ave come intq The Preface. his Government^ under pretence of making Profelytes, to def art from thence^ becauje he found their Defign was to bs" tray our Colonies to the French, infiead of making Converts of the Inhabitants. The French, as is related ahonie^ haijt many ways endeavoured to ruin or difirefs f/&e Irocois ] but as they are well afur*d^ Nothing will a feci them fi much andnear^ ly^ as to defrive them of their Fifhing and Hunting, which is moftly on the Bor^ ders .ofy and between^ th Great Lakes^ dnd vpithout which they muft Starvcj therefore they have attempted to build Forts on the feveral narrow Paflages thereof^ and the Rivers which empty themfehes thereinto^ 4n order to intercept themy either in their going or retttrning from thofe Places ; but the Indians have as often prevented the fimjhing of them^ or otherwise obliged th&n t$ demolijh or de» fert them. '■ ;-- v . ->•-- '-^ But Jhould the French be permitted to eftablijh thar projdled Communication, between Gape Bretoot the Gulf and River of ,:>f. Lawrence, as far as the $. •iiiiAiii'i' I'Viiit" h i if The Preface. the Mefchacebe, and Jo downwards to th^ Bay of Mexico, which will be a mgh' ty Addition and Increafe of Territory, Strength and Power to them^ It is much to he feardy They I carry their Point me Time or another, and thereby diftrefs md SuhjeB thefe our Allies, the Confer quence of which 'will not mly be very blocking, but of the lamojt Concern to the Safety J^^ *hc French, The Preface* French, fince their late Settlements on the Mefchacebe and thj Bay of Mqxu CO, are violently fuffe^ed to have clan* deftinely fomented and widen d the Breach, which occafiond the butchering of fo nm^ ny hundreds of the Inhabitants of thaJt Colony, with the Burnings, Devafta- tioqs, cmd dmoft intire Defolation there' of. ' It is well known that ^/&e Frontiers of our Colonies are large, naked, and S, there being fcarce any FoitS or rifons to defend them for near Two Thoufand Miles. The dwellings of the Inhabitants are fcattering and at a Dijiance from one anotheri and its almofl im* foffihU accordit^ to the prefent Eftablifli- ment WScituation of our Ailkirs there, from the great Number of our Colonies indefendent on each other, their dijfereut Sorts of Governments, Views, Win- terers, to draw agiy coafderabk Boefy of Forces together on <«» Emergency, thot^h the Safety WPrefervatioiiy not only of any parrieokruColony, but'^of alttheJEngliih Plantations on the Continent^ were never fo nearly concern d. For ^ ini|ilH.aKf|,ii',ii ..- 'ii'mi 'i«'-'iili The Preface. For, feverd of thefe Governments, fretending to or enjoyim fome efdraordinary Privileges, which the Favour of the Crown has formerly granted thenty ex- tluftve of othcrsy if their Affiftance is demanded or imflord hy any of their di^ firefs^d Neighbours, rtUac/jV hy Enemies, ferhafs in the very Heart of their Set' dements, they cither by a,ffeded Delays^ inftfiit^ on Punftilios and Niceties, ftart^ ing tmreafonahle Obiedions, and making extraivagmt Demanas, or other frivolous 'PlQtenCQSy furfofely elude their jufl and reafonable Expedtations ^ and by an in- oBive Stupidity or Indolence, feem in-' fcnfible of their f articular and mofi de* florable Circumftances, as well as re* gardlefs gf the General or Common Dan- ger, becaufe they feel not the immediate EfTe^ of it y Not conjidering their ovrn Security is frecarious, fince what haf' fens to one Colony to Day, may reach another to Morrows A Wife Man will not fland with his Arms folded^ when his Neighbours Houfe is on Fiie. \ r T fent 1 tion ( Maj and I ronvi to thi apperi Brit of A Regu whicb Supr( and ■* to wl ny A It Depi Coun vince a Gi venti and I batio nour fult f It mi 'fH^iaini'ii I Ai iili"ln'j|r I ■"'■i'^'' CE- Governments, jc extraordinary Favour of the \ted thenty cx- r Affiftance is any of their dt" V by Enemies, f of their Set' affeded Delays^ Niceties, ftart^ IS, and making ' other frivolous : their juft and and by an in- lence, feem in^ ' and mojl de* as well as re* Common Dan- the imniediate dering their own fince 'what haf» Day, may reach Wife Man 'will folded, 'when his n File. mimm h'l— ^'^N'-^"" The Pre face. , The only Expedient / can at pre^ fint think of, or jhull prefiime to men- tion (with the utmoft Deference to HU Majesty and HU Minilters) to help and obviate thefe Abfurdities and Ii> ronveniencies, and apply a Remedy to them^ w, That AU the Colonies appertaining to the Crovpti of Great Britain on the Nortliern Continent of America, be United under a Legal, Regular,^tf«f/ firm E|bblilhcnent i Over whicb^ it's propos\l^ a Lieutenant, or Supreme Governour, may be confiituted^ and appointed to Frejide on the Spot, to whom the Governours of each Colo- ny fhall be Subordinate. It U further humbly propos^d,^ That two Deputies Jhall be annually Ele^ed by the Council and Aflembly c?/ eac/j Pro- vince, who are to be in the' Nature of a Great Council, or General Con- vention of the Eftatcs of fZ;e Colonies; Mnd by the Order, Confent or Appro- bation of the Lieutenant or Gover* nour General, /hall meet together, Con. fult aod, Adiife for the Good of the The ? tin w ACM. whoU^ Settle and Aippoint f^tlcular Quota's or Proportions of Money, Men, Provifions, ir^- *^^^ w^*^ ^^ff^r ahe Government u to raife^ for their mutual Defence and Safety , 06 mUy as^ifmceffary, for Offence and Invafi- on of their Enemies; in all which Ca^ fis the Gorernour General or Lieu- tenant u to have a Negative 5 but not to Enali any Thing without their Con- currence^ or that of the Majority of them. , The Quota or Proportion, ^ above allotted and charged on each Colon:)r, jwtf y, neverthelefs, be levyd and rais d by its own Affcmbly, in fuch Manner^ as They JhaU'pk'^ ^4 ^""fy *"^ ^"Z lenient, and the Circumftances of tifetr Afairs will permit. ■-/ Other Jurifdi^ions, Powers and Authorities. reffeHing the Honour of Hm MajIstt, th Intereftcf tAe Plantations, and the Liberty and Pr^ perty of the Proprietors , Trader^ , Planters and Inhabitants ih thm^ may he Vefted in and CogniiobU by fbtabove- jatu [aid ( nant, Eftate gland touch^Ci pofal lity fu Superi or Rei Jhatt]i A Natur Prudei and a to the Mankj ons of concern Cc4on wamum Min -aii^ tion ( Trade fromoi tfons, the la tion 0j CI. int farticuUt of Money, •af each reffe^ raife^ for their cty , M vpeUj e and Invafi- all which d- !ral or Licu- ative 5 but not tout their Con" Majority of rtion, 4U above each Colony^ *(i and raised n fuch Manner^ Eafy and Con* }ftances of tlfeir s, Powers and the Honour of Intereft of the iberty and Pr^ ors ) Trader^ ^ ts ifi thm^ rn^ji He by tbf abotfi" faid w-' The Preface. faid Governour Genera! or Lieute- nant, and Grand Convention of the EftateSy according to tht Laws of En- gland , but are pot thought fit to he touched on or infirted here ; Thli Pro- pofal being General^ and w ithall humi* lity fubmitted to the Confidtration of our Superiours, who may Improve, Model, or Rejedl iV, as they in their Wifdom JhaU judge f roper, A Coalition or Union cf this Nature, tempered with and grounded ^n Prudence, Moderation and Juftice, and a generous Incoiiragement giien to the Labour, Induftry^ and good Management of aU Sorts and Conditio ons of Perfons inhabiting^ or^ any ways^ concern d or interefted in the feveral Colonies above mention d^ will, in aUfro^ habilityj /ov a fure and fafling Founda-^ tion of Dominion, Strength, and Trade, fuffcient rwt only to Secure and Promote the Profperity of the Planta- tions, but to revive and greatly increafe the late Flouri/hing State and Condi- tion o/Grbat BrtITain, and there' c a by i* - i iiiii jL ^i a pwipyTi«Wpiy- The Preface. ■'■ >" hy render it^ once more^ the Envy . and AdliPiration of its Neighbours. Let us confider the Fall cfour^ An- ce^ovsj and grow wife by their Misfor- tunes. If the Ancient Britains had been united amongft themfekes^ the Ro- mans, in all frobability, had never be- come their Mafiers : For as Caefar ob- fer'vd of thern^ Dum Singuli pug- nabant, Univerfi vincebantur, whilft they fought in feperate Bodies, the whole Ifland was fubdued. So if\ the Engliih Colonies in America wer^ Confolidated as one Body, and pynd in one Common Intereft, as they are uri" der one Gracious Sovereign, and with united Forces were ready and willing to a^ in Concert, at^d aj/i]i each o- iber^ they would be better enabled to fro- vide for and defend themfde/r Misfor- Britains had ifeheSy the Ro- • as Caefar oi>- Singuli pug- ?baritur, whilft te BodieSy the bdued. So if\ I America wert y^ and pynd in as they are urt" reign ^ and with %dy and xPtUing M ajfiji each o- ■r enabled to fro- lemfehes^ againfi 7US Neighbour, Inion andOon- \jh Strength ard )n and Difcord as. ^0^ But i rt ilii lM li»i -i *!! ■ ■ ' - The Pr EF ACE.^ But to put a Period to this Di- greffion; It feems to me a 'very great Indignity offered to His Majesty and the Nation, that when there are Fi've Hundred Thoufand Britilh Subje&s (which are above five times more than the French have both in Canada and Loui- fiana put together) inhabiting the feve^ ral Colonies on the Eaft fide of the Continent of North America, along the Sea Shoare^ from the Gulf o| 5f. LaU' rence to that of Florida, all contigu^ ous to each other^ who^ for almoft a Cen- tury, have efiablijh^d a Correfpondence, contracted a Friend (hip, and carrfd on aflourifhing Trade and Commerce vtth the fever al Nations of Indians, lying on their Back, to the Weftward and Northward, for Furs, Skins, t!^c, ^ mofi rick and valuable Traffick, the Co- lonies themfelves abounding with Me- tals and Minerals of Copper, Iron, Lead,, ^c. producing Hemp, Flax^ Pitch, Tarr, Rofin, Tiirpintine, Mufts, Timber arid PJauks of Oak,

i l lOi 'ulu. m^iifmwmmm^ The Preface* Fir, and all other forts o/Naval Stores, in great abundance^ and the heft of their Kind in the World', be fides Wheat, Beef, Pork, Tobacco, Wice^ and other necejfary and profitable Commodities ; with a Noble Fiftiery for Whales, Cod- fi(h, &c. along the Coaft and in the Bays thereof^ i fay, it feems a great In- dignity ofer'd to HU Majesty and the Britifti Nation^ that the French jhould feize on and Fortify this Promnce of Carolana, remote from Canada near a Thoufand Miles^ as mil as the other L^nds to the Weftward, or on the Baclr of our Settlements {the greatefl Part of which are comprehended in divers Pa- tents granted kngfl^, hyfeveral of HU Majesty's Royal Predeceffors, Kings md Queens of England,) EffeciaUy fince the Englilh have Planted §nd Jnh frovd thtmy from the Sea Coaft, almofl vf to the Sources of the largeft Rivers, h the Confittt of the Natives, .tpA^ji Lands they b^ve aBuaUy furcbas^d and feud foTy an4 vbofe TrafBck vpc ar$ k^r^ intkdy deprivd of M 0hemj vpithoi tber i hecom dant< the I tnand near Frier ifided Born. Man PoUc as CO tendi 9urY B] of ei tinen totbi And feft' and fhe 'i Naval Stores, he beftaf their ^Jides Wheat, Rice, and other Commodities j Whales, Cod- aft and in the '.ems a great In» VIajesty and It the French fy this Province om Canada near well as the other , or on the Back greatefl Part of f in divers Pa- byfeveral of His leceflbrs, Kings nd,) EffeciaUj Planted §nd Ink' lea Coaft, aIhio^ I largeji Rivers, Natives, wbofi ly furchasd and Traffiqk m art of ' jXMt.i The Preface. MoRBOVER if the Engliih yaff*- fhemfekts to he thus praitly coofd up, fpithout ftretching their Plantations fur- ther back into the Continent, what will become of their Off-fpring and Defcen- dants, the Increafe of their Ovn and |/&g Nations Stock, who Claim and De- mand an Habitation and Inheritance their Parents, Relations and near Friends, and have a Right to be fro* mdedfor in the Country wherM they ar$ Born, both by the Laws of GoP and' Man ; and which the Prudence snd Policy of the State does likewife require, as convenimt and neceffary, both for ex* tending our Territories, ftrengthenin^ our Hands, and enlarging our Trade? Besides, as the Englifti are not fond of extending their Dominions on the Om-^ tinent of Europe, hut confine themfekes to their Iflands, being content with their Ancient Territories and Poffeffions, ex^ (ept what is abfolutly necejfaty to fromot$ andfecure their Trade W Commerce, the very Vitals uj the State, / cannot mrthend with what Reafon or Juftice \ •i ^ 'aUttaii j*t A^. ..'.^■;iTA.--- .!,l/f^ , -«-T'iniirfi|ti^iT«'Mi ■»!--— --.^j----.- *t^ The Preface. the French, or any other Nation, fhould encroach ufon their Claims, Colony s, or Plantations in America. That Theyhaie done thisuplain^ from the Accounts we continually receivd from France, for many Tears pa/?, of the Jeveral Embarkations/or the Mcfchace- be or Louifiana, and the Encouragement given to their Weft-India Company, for the Planting and Raifing Materiak/er Manufadures therein, ^ . ' W E have lij^ewife han^ with jufi Reafon^ alarm' d here in Great Britain, by the many Letters,Memorials, Repre- lentations and Remonftrances, which have^ from Time to Time^ been tranfmit- td^ from divers of our Colonies ufon the Continent 0/ America, Jetting forth the Danger they are like to bi exj^os^d fo, from r/je Neighbourhood o/^A« French, -if .they obtain full Foffejjion of this our tiovince o/Carolana, and the Lands to the Northward of if, as far as the five great \jaktSy which comftehends great Far^ of wh(it they fdU la J-Qui- fiane. - -,- intj'irtitfn „;iau kCE. Nation, ^o«/i IS, Colony s, or le this is plain j itinuaUy receivd ears baft, of the r the Mcfchace- incouragement Company, for g Materials /er kerij vpith juft Great Britain, morials, Repre- ftrances, which J been tranfmit- olonies ufon the fetting forth the ) bi exj^os^d fo, d of the French, fejffion of this our and the Lands f, as f(ir as the bich comprehends ey gaft \^ J-Qui- The Preface. Fon^ through thefe Countries many great Rivers ha've their Coutfe^ proceeding from the Back of our Colonies of New York, New Jerfey, Penfilvania, Mary- land, Virginia, North and^outh Caro- lina, (their Springs being not far diftant from the Heads of the Chief Rivers, that belong to and run. through thofe Colonies) moft of them Nal«'W." Tht Preface. thtxr Neighbours T^wp, xnth Yme Speedies and fhufibk Pretences, vhilfi they cunningly endeavour to comfafs their Defigns by degrees, tho at the hazard of encroaching on their Friends and Al- lies, and depriving them 0^ their Terri- tories and Dominions in Time of Pro* found Peace, and contrary to the moji Solemn Treaties. ^ ^ For Befides their feizing on^ and fet'^ ling the great River Mefchacebe , and fome fart of the North Side of the Bay of Mexico , and the claim they fern clandeftinely to make to another of our inhabited Southern Colonies ad^ loyning thereunto^ as I JhaU in the Sequel demonjhate^ they in fome of their Writings boafty that their Colony of Louifiana, Bath no other Bounds to the North than the AraickPole, and that its Limits on the Weft and Nofth Weft are not known much better^ but extend to the South Sea, Japan, or wbere-ever they JhaU think fit to Ttx them, if they can be perfioaded to fix uny at all ; intending thereby to deprive the BritiO) Nation ofaUth^t vafitraii of enter Nev ^afil been fram and be, Tasi dred dian with lywi with and ^^.■fc^>>-L.«..LMiaia iilr^A'. ^^ r^" ii ' r iinn i i i i nimiP ' — uwwn i n.wn p, With yine rtenees, vhilfi 9 comfafs their at the hazard ends and A1-* ' their Tern- Time of Pro* ry f the moft g on^ and fet'^ chacebe, and { Side of the the claim they te to another n Colonies ad" lU in the Sequel f their Writings of Louiiiana, be North than at its Limits on ft are not known the South Sea, Jhall think fit to ferfwaded to fix irehy to deprive \ that vaft TraB of The Preface. of Land Situate between the Gulf of Mexico and Hudrons6ay,ip/6ic^ includes tbU our Province of Carolana, the afore^ fiid great Lakes, and the whole Country of our Five Nations, with the Fur, Peltry, and other Trade thereof And what further Views and Defigns they may entertain againft the Spanifh Provinces of New Mexico and New Bifcay, may be ^eafily conje£iur*d%fince the World has been certainly apprized of the Project framed by Monfieur Dela Salle, to Vifit and Seize on the Rich Mines of St. Bar- be, (&*c. which If he thought 1^0 difficult Task to accomflijSy with about Two Hun* dred French, and the AJfifiance of the In- dians adjoyning tOy and in aSfual War with the Spaniards, how much more eafi*^ \y win they become Mafters of them^ when with the United Strength of Canada one/ Louifiana, both French and Net tives, they Jhah think fit to attack them^ And after fuch an Acquifition of the Nu- merous Mines of thofe Provinces, with the Immenfe Riches thereof^ what may not our Colonies, on the Continent, ^ ^iH^rica, apfrekendfrm thm* Bfif *: l^0t* ■ 1 iiif TiiiiliiBMiittiir -•rw i . if in'. i imwi»n i i^ ! . 'X - ■ . . The Preface.' Besides Jamaica lyings as itwerejockt »p, hdtvpeen their Settlements in the llland c/Hifpaniola, andthofe on the Bay of Mexico, will foon he in 7)anger of falU ing into their Hands ; and whether the Havana itfelf^ and the whole I/land of Cuba, with the Key of Old Mexico/La •^'era Ct[\z,will long remain in the Pojfeffi^ on of the Spaniards, is very much to be doubted. And fuppojfrtg the heft: that can happen to us^ it will be but lllifles'j Fate^ to hive the Favour of being deftrofd laft : A very Comfortable Confideration. Wp are all fenfible what Cldmours were raised at the Concejjions made to France, ort theConclufion of the /afe Peace at Utrecht. There's fcarce a Man well versed in the fntereft 0/ Trade and Plantafions, but hlam^d the then Miniftry/or not infifttng »n the Surrender cf Canada, as welt as Nova Scotia and Newfoundland, fi/r the Security 0/ o«r Northern Colonies on the Continent of America, and the Traffickt/^ereof : hlor ought they td have aUow'd them the Pofeffion of Cape 81*6- ^Uj if they bad well con/ider^d or undhrt ■vv -nX iittamtmim aiiuin ICE. as itwere^lockt s in the llland 771 the Bay of 'danger offalU id whether the vhole I/land of d Mexico, La I in the PojftJJi- ^ery much to be he beft that can Ulifles'i Fate^ r defirofd laft ■: ificferation. t Clamours were t to France, ted^ as not to affert their Right to thufo mbU, and to themfo ufeful and neceffary a Colony, and endeavour to regain the Poffeffion thereof^ or fecure, at leaft^ fo much of ity as lies on the Back of our Plan- tations, as far Weft ward as the Mefcha- cebe, it vnU be much tridre eligible and for for tht Mafte vingf{ danget vigati Tho' of it u fiever^ Neceffi yet rei A» andP^ keep a asnea\ banel tereft ing P to the fhattn encroa flies d Thb at the on the jealou are^ i CE. jkj and in the " their Settle we a much bet" )apfier Circum' nto^ and dif- ion of that and on d with them J rs hence, when lumber of their he Natives to ?r firengthen^d with Forts and ^ the Rivers, even tho they my Advantage tcPd themfehes ICO. hat in Cafe the fo far infatua^ light to thUfi ul and neceffary r to regain the ire, at leafi^ fo acio/otfrPlan- as the Mefcha- ore eligible and fw. The Preface. for their Intereft^ that the Spaniards were Makers of it than the French, tve not ha^ vingfo muchReafon to apfrehend the fame danger^either to ottrColonies,Trade orNa- vigation, from theFirfi^ 06 from the Lafi. Tbo^ Vm far from admitting the Ceffion of it to either of them, on any Terms what" foever^ without an abfolute and apparent Neteffity^ which^ I thank God, vn are not yet reduced to, nor apprehenfive of. And lam aft to think, that Prudence and Poliey, wUl or ought to prompt us^ to hep aBallance of Power inAmerica,Hii-;iii ^_ .,_ .^^. ii-i'Miiiitmiiri^ The Preface. snJ^ ii*s prefum*d^ that on a f roper Applw cation and Incouragement, theyU joyn with us to oppofe and difpojfefs them of^ their Settlements thire and on the Bay of Mexico, leaji they render themfehes Jole Makers of the Navigation thereof^ and with the AJftftance of tht Indians, make Irruptions into the very Wt^iit of their Colopies, attack their Towns, feize their Mines, and Fortify and Maintain themftlves therein. And perhaps I may not be in the wrong to Juggeft^ that the Spaniards will rea^ dily atvidt this Country with us^ and furrender all their Pretentions to what* foever lies Ei^wsird of the Mefcha.cebe^ ex(;ept St. Auguftin, on Condition the French ar^ obligd to remove theme and retire elfewhere. And indeed nothing feems more frofer and rea* fmable, than for that Great River te be the fettled ami a:Jmowledgd Bounda- ry and Partition, between the Terri- tories 0/ Spain diw^ Great-Britain, ident to ihoje who Jhall give themfelves the Trou* ble of viewing the annexed Map. And at the fame Time They'll perceive how the French have wormed themfelves m/, that wbilft we were Glorioully and Generoufly risking our Fleets by Sea in Europe, at fuch a di- fiance from Home, at fo vaft an Ex- pence, and even at the Inftance of France itfelf^ only to freferve the SanClion of Treaties, and do Juftice to our Allies, Theyjhould clandeftinely affly Ji&eirNaval Force, to feize on and deprive us of our Trade and Territories in America, and Settle and Aggrandize themfehes at our Expence^ whert they had no Right, and and eve the moji Thi; Unjuft tifli Na mention*^ reign, i Countr^ Jundur (ion, to If tr Injuries alarm*dy towards of themy and Wj as Felo Reajon^ Won't a for the t nour, C better bet ardiy S them ? Safety a Good an ^CE. excluded from s, They have tng the Late ly charge them I of that Trea- snt agaihft the ofit^ Ufofrejh the War com- mt Account fo s alledgd^ They f to Treaties, [^ferve on their whilfi we were ally risking our e, at fitch a di- fo vaft an Ex- fiance of France he Sanation of e to our Allies, iffly JibeirNaval eprive us of our n America, and hemfehes at our had no Right, and ^ The P R E F A C E^ » and cven^ as is Pttggefied^ contrary to the mofi folemn Engagements. . This i« certainly a Treatment moft Unjuft and Difhonourabie to the Bri- tifli Nation, which I Jhould not hive mention d^ if the ^uty I owe to my Sove- reign, and f/?eAffedion I hear to my Country, did not forbid me at fuch a Jundure, and onfo Important a/jOcca- fion, to be filent and unconcerned. ' If we tamely fuhmit to Iijfults and Injuries of this Nature, without being alarm'dy and taking the necejfary Steps towards a fheedy and effeSual Redrefs of themy Jfoall we not feem Infatuated and Wanting to ourfehes^ he arraigned as Felo de fe, and accounted^ with good Reajon^ the Bubbles of the French ? Wont a Noble and Generous Strug^e, for the refcuing and f referring Om Ho- nour, Our Dominions and OurTrade better become Us, than a Bafe and Cowl ardly Submiffion and Surrender of them ? Shall we negleS the Means ow Safety asks ? Or/baU we fuffeB that our Good and Potent Allies, whofe Intereft d 2 and I j^gMuM .-^ ■iMMaip - W]pM»Will»U".'.>1 i ' The Preface. and Welfare we have had fo much at Heart, during the two Late Wars , for whom we have hazarded fo much^ and f er- forni'd fo many and fo Great Things, fuccourd thm in their Extremities, and faifd them from impending Ruin ; and even by our Fleets and Armies, at a Vaft Expenct of Blood and Treafure, ajljied them to Conquer and Poffefs whole Provinces and Kingdoms 3 And after all thU and more^ Can we imagine TheyU abandon m to Infults and Inju- ries^ and quietly acquiefce in our Misfor- tunes and Diftrefs, w^o havefo Gene- toyfiy Ajfifted them in, and Extricated them out of theirs ? Nay^may we not rather Tufpofe and expeHy that in Honour aiiJ Gratitude, They U exert themfekes^ and fy fo o«r Affiftance, withaU imaginable Chearfulnefs iini Alacrity, if Jo be at theenfuing Treaty 0/ Peace, which is faid to be near at hand^ we are not afraid to Tuhlijh cz/r Wrongs, and 'Demand our Rights ? All the Writings of the French give lis to uaderftandy how fond They have been of this and the to them^ engage t bition ( ftory, t jiird it cebe, ti that Tit kadoed fxom the Hundrec Bounds By t feveral of the I narrow , confind farticuh moft apt md^ i theri U < l^otice 0j They fix inhabitei ferted th id fo much at ite Wars , for muchy andfer* areat Things, ctremities, and ng Ruin; and Armies, at a and Treafure, er and Poffefs ingdoms; And Can we imagine fults and Inju- ; in our M\.s(oX' hdvefo Gene^ and Extricated lay we not rather in Honour and ■ tbemfehes^ and thaJl imaginable :ity, if Jo be at 'eace, which is we are not afraid and Remand our ' the YvQUch give d They have been •yir-^ The Preface* of thU Colony for Thirty Tears pafi^ and the preat Adv2intages They propofed to themjekes thereby. And the better to engage their late Great Monarch's Am- bition of being Renown d in Future Hi- ftory, in Allufipn to hU Name, They jiiPd it La Louifiane, and the Mefcha* cebe, the River of St. Louis; tho^ at that Time, They had butonefmallStoc^. kadoed Fort, above Two hundred Miler fxom the Northern, and Seven or Eight Hundred Miles from the Southern Bounds 0/ ^/&/j Province. By what is before mention d.^ and the feveral Writings, Charts, and Maps of the French, it is evident^ to what a, narrow Extent of Ground They have confind the EtgliOi Plantations. And particularly h L'lfles Map^ the beft and moji approvd of any they have lately pub' lijh'd^ befides many very Remarkables thert U One, which / cannot omit taking J^oticeofi^ viz. That on the Fart where They fix Carolina, now and long fince inhabited by the Engliih, They have in- ferted thi6 Memorable Fafage^ Caroling % ■ i?. miit'^MiMAmkMmA^m s^ The Preface. ainfi nommez en Thonneur de Charles IX, par Ics Francois qui la decouvri- rcnt en prirent offeffion et s' eftabli- rent lari 15. Caroline fo nanCd in Honour of Charles the iXth, hy the French, uho difcover*dy took Foffejfion of, and fettVd it in the Tear 15.. by tobich the Authoi feems to intimate the Right of bis Nation to that Province ; tphoi if they are fo Bold already, in fo Fublicka manner, to fut in their Claim to if) mayj its to be fear'd^ when they think themfekes ftrong enough^ by Force afftrtit, BtTT howfie'ver thtfe Things may haf" fen {vphkhlfray God may not in our i3ii^) tie Proprietor of Carolana mU have the Comfort ana SatisBld^ion of having difchargd his Duty to the Pub- lick, in affording Matter for theftMowing Sheets, which I here cffer to the View nnd Perufal of all true Britains> in hopes ' , They may prove acceptable^ and engage their Attention / in hofe bhj and engage Publick XSood. prietor after fo snce, Jhoutd hav^ the mi'mrmfmn'mmmmii^ The P R E F A C E* the Mortification to fee all his honeft and well meant Endeavours rejeSfed^ and the Fruits of bis Labour and Subftance rendered Ineflfedual, and loft both to his Country, himfelfW Family, an^/^Ais Noble Province fecur^d by the French^ without a Probability of Redemption, hemuftfit down with Patience, andbe-^ wail hu own Misfortunes, and the In- fatuation of his Countrymen, who, as they formerly refused the Honour of being thefirft Difcoverers ■"••' ^ A C E. lathn andAmuft- :b as touched up" [ made any Ob- nners, Cuftoms tives, as being urpoCe, looked upon 06 a It fuch Advanta- untry not yet by lanted; But it bus or Incredu- tder the wonderful s made^ who in a after their Dif- of Mexico, Con- i Fart of Chile, 5 fuch Immenfe pam. Their Be> •J more Conttm^' le than what / 'he Undertakings he fufpended, till urd arid Inhabktd If eat Britain, / ity in reprefeniing may be effe^ed^ 0nd Th: Preface. and how, when Opportunity /hall pre* fent. If fuch ObjedJkions had pret/aird^ we had never got that Footing on the Con- tinent of America as now we ha've. And to fay nothing of other Commodities, how vaft a Revenue doth Tobacco alone bring unto the Crown, and how Staple and Beneficial a Merchandize for Fo- reign Trade ? 2Vot to enlarge about the Trade with our Iflands, wm by Sugar^ Cotton, Indico, and many other Com* modifies, be/tdes theirTtdL^ck with the Spaniards, bring a great Tfeafure to the Katioii. And the Circular Trade to and from the Continent and Iflands ^ greatly increafe oar Shipping, Seamen^ and Wealth, perhaps as much m aU the Trade we ha^ve with the whole Commer'- cial World bejides. To which may be added^ that nathing is of greater Impor- tance to Great Britain, than the Con- fmnption of its Native Growths and Manufactures, and what ^aji Quanti- fies of them are fent to and expended in m American Plantations, the Bills of Entry i k-^ivJifilw 1 Thf P R E F A C E. Entry, and the Cuftom-Houfe Books «?/// inform us. Besides the great quantities o/Mafts, Pitch, Tarr, Rofin,Turpentine, Hemp, Flax, Timber, Plank, Deal Boards, anrf 0her Naval Stores , which are brought borne from thence^ or^ on due Encourage-* ment, may he had and raifed there^Pro^e not only extremely Beneficial to Great Britain at frefenty hut will he render d rhucb more JOy on a War or Mifunder- ftanding with any of the Northern Pof tentates, from whofe Territories we ufuaUy Import them^ and to whom we fay for the mofi Part^ ready Money and Bullion /or them^ to the amount offeve^ ral Hundred Thoufan4 Founds per An*; pum, which will be keft within the King-: dom^ when once we arefupfly^d with thoje Commodities from our own Colonic^ i^hich with due Encouragement we fom may, ^ii For Troof of which , Experience has taught us, that formerly on the faffing the ASt of Parliament, which encourar pes the making Pitch and Tarr, in quf ^ ^ Planta- ■iiijMil'iiil' rill mil' pmmmn ? A C E. n-Houfe fiooks tanUties o/Mafts, rpentine, Hemp, Deal Boards, dncjf Mch are brought 1 due Encourage-* raifed there^pt/m meficial to Great ■ will be render d hv or Mifunder- be Northern Po-^ Territories wt md to whom we :eady Money and H amount offeve-f I Pounds per An- ^t within the Kingr fupfly^d with thofe ir own Colonies rag^m^nt we fom 7, Experience ^tfj rly on the faffing It, which encourar and Tarr, in quf Planta- ■«^" The P R E F A c e; Plantations, the Defign wm foon put in Practice, and the End fully anfwer'd, thofe Commodities being in a few Tears raii*d and Imported in fuch Quantifies, as to fupply the Demands and Necef- fities of moj}^ if not all the Shipping of Great Britain, at much kfs than half the Price, they were fold for before. By about Fourteen Tears Refidence on the Continent of America, and the Obfervations / have made of thi Pro- duce and Trade of the federal Colonks therein^ the moft confiderable of which Ihaie often lifited, I think Icaneajily demonftrate^ that there is not one Com- modity of any Confequence, which we have from Ruffia or the Baltick, but may be found or rais'd there, and in as great Quantities and Perfedtion. So that if the Nation would tntirely flight the Trade and Navigation of thofe CountrieSjjni apply themfekes vigoroujly to the Traffick of our Plantations, they would foon find their Account in it, and gain by the Change Annually near^ if not full^ Half a Milhon of Money; befdes nfcuing .a: The Preface. refcumg our fehes from a fort of Depen- dance on the Northern Powers, whofe unreafonable Caprices and Impofitions, U^e have^ to our great Dilcredit and Detriment, too long experienced. But if ^^^ French /hould ever grow fo Powerful in America, as to be able to Intercept or Engrofs the Trade with the Indians, or Ruin or Subje^ our Plantations, there's an End ofthU Con- fumption of our Home Produce and Manufaftures ; of all our Shipping Trade thither; of the Cuftoms for Goods Exported there or imported thence-; the Increale of our Sailors, and the Advantages ofraifing our own Naval Stores ; be fides the Ufs of fo Large an Extent of Dominion, and Five Hundred Thoufand Britifh Subjeas therein, Wt may likewife hi ajfur^d that aU our Iflands in the Weft-Indies, wi// foon undergo the fame Fate, or b? terribly di^refs'd, for want of their ufual Supplies o/"Fi(h,Lum- ber and other Neceffaries, they con- fiantly ftand in need of^ and re(;eive from our Plantations on the Contment , ^imicb isjhi lane The and be i ouri difio come bitic 7 priv\ Trac chan Fun( isuani Valu Debi Mi li dix c Jhort Chai this Vean with theK ACE. fort of Depeii' Powers, whofe nd Impofitions, Difcredit and )ef'tencd. fljould ever grow :a, as to be able the Trade with or Subje^ our IndofthU Con- le Produce and our Shipping H Cuftoms for r imported thence-i Sailors, and the our own Naval fs of fo Large an %nd¥m Hundred :^s therein. We hat aU our Iflands f/ foon undergo the My di^tefs% for fco/Fiih^Lum- faries, they con- \ and re(;eive from the Continent , 'which The Preface. isubicb neither Great Britain nor Ire- land can afijt them luith^ and ^hich They furchafe with their Sugar, Rum a/ii Malofles; the Vent of which will be in great meafure ftoft on the Lofs of our Colonies , whereby they'll be mightily difioura^d and imfoierijljd^ fo as to he-' come an eafy Acquifition to any Am- bitious and Powerful Invader. Thus Great Britain king de^ privd of its Subjeds, Dominions and Trade in and to America, our Mer- chants will be ruin'd; our Cuftoms and Funds will SinJ^ our Manufactures wiff want Vent; our Lands will Fall in Value ; and inftead of decreajing^ our Debts will increafe^ without the leaft ProfpeSl of tbe Nation's emerging. I have thought fit tofuhjoin an Appen- dix at the End of the Book, containing a Jhort Extraa of the Grant from King Charles I. to Sir Robert Heath, of this our Province o/Carolana, and the Veanis and Bahama I/lands. Together with an Additional Claufe, taken from t/&ff Reprefentation of the Right Honou- rable . ! -iiMitm ■ The Preface.' rable the Lords Commiffioners frr Trade and Plantations to King William^ fignifying t^e Report o[the then Attorney Osneral^ 5ir Thomas Trevor, now the Right Honourable the Lord Trevor, in Favour of the Title of the Prefint Propri- etor t^^rewnto: I have Uhexvife inferted an Abftraft of the fir ft Memorial prefented by the faid Proprfetor to King William, being a Demonftration of the juft Pretenfons of the King of England to the above/aid Province, and of the frefent Proprietary tinder his Majesty* All of /&«r Proceedings refpe^ing the faid Province, both in that Prince's Time^ and fince his Prefent Majesty^s Accejfion to the Throne y are furfofely emitted^ leafi I Jhoiitd fwejljhe Bulk of this Treatife tQomncb^ .md tranfgrejs my own fix^d Rerolotiqn, which was to contract it into as narrow a Compafs as fojfibly I could. As to the Work itfelf I have little to fayy farther^ Then if the Importance of the Subjedi, and Defign o/f/^e Author, cannot mm >jtif» cannc tra& know to do I clpal comfo follo^ infort the g it cor to ex\ into y Circi Plant unawi they Whetl how That and Publi lume I the J idefcri PACE.' }mmiirioners fi>r foKin^ William J f the then Attorney Trevof, now the Lord Trevor, in be Prefent Propri- ed an Abftraft of Qnted by the faid William, being a i juft Pretenfions id to the abovefiid refent Proprietary ings refpe&ing the in that Prince's refent Majesty^s ne y an furfofely fvpegthe Bulk of ;4 -^nd tranfgrejs iqii, which was to mp a Compafs as Qlf I have little to ^^c Importance of Cign of the Author^ cannot The ?vinF AC ^: cannot affeB the Attention, and at^ traB the Efteem of the Reader, / know nothing therein con fider able enough to do it, I Small only add^ That theTnn-^ cipal Motive which en^agd me to comfofe both the ioTCgoing and tb&' following Sheets, was a Delire to inform the Publick of an Affair of the greatcft Confequence, and which it concerns them fo much to know ; and to excite fome Worthy YfXxiots tofearcb into , and fuUy examine the Prefent Circumftances and Condition of our Plantations, ^/e#^ Ruia-j^w/x on them unawares^- ^und they are jlifidone before they art thought to ie ln'panger. Whethir i my ^tan my End l^einl how ht^$m i^ Ms^ I mcertainy That fwy,ln4?fkvoarf ip i^ 'honeft and fincer% and de0fd tiiore for a Publick Good,. iAsn, d^ Private Emo- llument. ^^ -^' I HAD almo^ forgot to inform \the Reader, That my Keafon for not \iefcribing that Part of the Frovince of c Caio- ^ &. k: r Qirolina, terrferiw^ ofi t^c North cj Atla/ltick Ocfean^ wAic/^ comfrehends fhtrnaujt Patt of Carolina, wasy hecaufe it has hem fo often and fo weU pafiMH dirmy; in the feveral Tfin- W Accduiits of^ that lafl mention d €Wohy, tow^ch I referr. :;f; THE fro adj 1^4 vei coi or iczl the North cr icb comfrehends iFolina^ wasy ^ten and fo well fe feveral Prm" laft ment'tond err. ' W " t " i\ y'i\»*\ ?y:it]^' CtlGtl 1^ :y .:Q jj^ilJ: THE THE C O N T E N T a CHAP. I. JDescxiption of the great and famoOs River Mefchacehe or Af#- fl^if the Rivers iflcreafing it iioth from the E^ and PFtf/, the Countries adjacent, aad the feveral Nations of //»- ^4t«/ inhibiting therein. Page i. CHAP. IL A De vers, Ea/i of commufi^ Jitries, People, Ri- f^ykndSf to the which do not ?. in. H Ddcriptkm • 5 S» 4 / CHAP. "^ ■ w i I Tht Contents. CHAP. IV. "9' -■- " A befcription of the Five great Seas Of I^kes oi Frelh Water, which are to the North of tliis Province, and the Wtii and NotthWef of our other Plantations, on the E4 Side of the River Mefchacebe, with the Rivers falling into them, the Countries bordering thereon, and the le- veral Nations of Indians who inhabit therein. t' 4^» ' CHAP. V. A New and Curious Difcovcry and Relatioii of an cafy Communication betwixt the '^VivfGv MejthMhe, and the S«>^Stf4,. which . Separates Ameri$t from C^ii»^ by meanjot fdVeral large Rivers and Lakes, with a Defcriptionof thcCoaft of the faidSea to *theStreightsofW«. Asalfoof a rich and coniSerablc Trade to^be carry d _oil from thence to, jf-f^, C^wr^ and l*r. tan. ^^^• CHAP. VI. -An Account of the ufefiil Animals, Vegctej bles,*^ Metals, Minerals, ami other i«.i.aii^, valuable Commodities, whiph arienati^ iy produc'd, or may with l0dultry .be raisM in this Province. P- 70' The Appendix. > t' *°9' .-4m^^ „j..>l.iJ-_i'iiiMii'**'ftf^" "•' ' I ■'•-'*--*^""-^^'^-»»'^ DE ' the Beg NTS." • - • • •> 1 r. ■*■- * great Seas Of rhich are to the nd the Weft and Plantations, on Oliver Mefchacebe^ into them, the son, and the fe- fs who inhabit f. 41. V. rcty and Relation ion betwixt the SMth Sesy^f/hkh firm, by means of I Lakes, with a of thefaidSeato U alfo of a rich :o be carry'd oil C/>«M and r-r- MV.Ai Vh Animals, Vcgeta- ind other ils^iiW vhifiU are nati:ial- writh Induftry be f . 70' J--«-«*'— « ' the then Attor- ronveyM unto the horn it came by the prefent Pro- Um b extended e River StvM4«W, tent in 31 Degrees urate Obfervations, ly in jo Degrees I River Pap ^^i' trees of Northern 3e from the Weft- urtto New Mexico s Spaftiards, which ; .1000 Miles, /and em, unto the $o«^*- lin its Bounds, the Vince of Carolifid , beir Claim and Pre- harters from King Years ^t the a- Sit Mert Heath, hAcebe runs though ry, havinig a 6ourfe md South from its out 50 Degrees of j.difimbo^uiflg mto ph of Mmieo. Tlie which tW^^^niaf^f p, proceed AbOlifeOOe the other from the le Country may^ ^e almoft (3) almoft efttircly vifited by Navigable Rivers without any Falls or Catarads, which arc ufual in moft of the Northern Rivers of AmericM, and in all Rivers of Ijong-Courfe, even in CarolinA, (tho' to this Country contiguous) and thence Northward to the great River of St. Laurence or Cannadsj and Other Rivers Northward innumerable. The excellent and convenient Situation of this Country for Inland Trade and Navigation, and for Trade with the Sfinurds m New Mexico, the whole Gulph of Mexico, and thfe South-Se* ( which I ftiall hereafter demon- ftrate) will be greatly for the Advantage, and not in the leaft to the Prejudice of cWr Home Plantation Trade , as Will appear more evident by the DefcriptiOrt of this great River Mejcfwebe, and thofe Rivefs that enter into it, together with the vaft Navigable Lakes of frclh Water adjoymng thereunto. ^ , . t^ We will for good Reafons begin our Dc- fcription of it from ks Entrance into the Sea , afcending up unto its Source •, and from very good Journals both by Sea and Land, give an Account of the Chiet Ri- vers that run into it from the Eaft and Weft, as we find them in our Afcent, to- gether with their Courfe, Length and Big- ne(s, the Nature of the Countries, and the Karnes of the Nations through which they pafs. B 2 The (.-■St. •Kv.^-**- ■>--■** ■■■'■''-■•* ' (4) The River Mtfchacebe is (a Call'd by the Inhabitaats of the North ; Ctbe, being the Name for a River, even as far as Hudjon s Bay ; and Mefcha, great, which is the ^reat River; And by the fremh^ who learn d it from them, corruptly, M/ffifippi ; which Name of Mefcbacebe it doth retain amons the Savages, during half its Courfe: Af- ,terwards fome call it Chitcagua, others Sajja^ gottU, and MdUbsfichia, as it fares with the DAnubius, which 400 Miles before it enters the Euxir,e Sea, is ftil'd the Iftr ; and the like happens to all the Rivers of Long Courfe in Jwtric*, as Oronogue, the River oi th.Q AmAzons^ and Rio de U PUta. This River enters the Gulph of Mexico 140 Lea- gues from the Noi:th Weft Part of the,P^ HtufuU of Boridd, keeping along the Coaft in ?o Degrees North Latitude, and 120 Leagues from the moft wefterly Part of the faid Gulph in about 29 Degrees the fame Latitude; and thence the Coaft extends S. and by W. to the River Psmuco, whkh is ' under the Tropiek of Cancer in 2^ Degrees, the utmoft Part inhabited by the Spaniatds towards the N. and N. E. on the Gulph of Mexico, The Province of CWfw, from the Con- jundtion with the PtninjuU of Boridd, for 250 Leagues is fituated about the joth De- gree of North Latitude, and feldom varies 10 Leagues N. or S. from the fame ; ex- cepting the Entrance of the River Mefchd' ecbe, (a Call'd by th« Celfe, being the s far as Hudjonh hich is the great , who learrrd it ^tffiftfifi ; which ith retain among its Courfe: At- tguAy others Stiffs' it fares with the s before it enters e Ifltr ; and the Rivers of Long ncgue, the River de Id PUra. This ' Mexico 1 40 Lea- t Part of the iP^- 5 along the Coaft ititude, and 120 efterly Part of the Degrees the fame Coaft extends S. Pdfiueo, which is r in 2^ Degrees, I by the Spaniards [. on theGulph of M, from the Con- la of Floridd, for bout the joth De- md feldom varies »m the fame ; ex- the River McfchM- (5) tde, \vhich I am now about to defcribc from the Mouth unto its firft Foun- tains. . The River Mafchactit empties itfelf into the Gulph of Mexico by feven Channels like the River Nile, of which Herodotus the Fa- ther of Hiftory, and who livM long in Egyft, affirms in his Time, three were al- ways Navigable, and the others only fo du- ring the Inundations of the faid River, which were made by Art and Labour, tho' cur Modern Navigators allow only twoj but our River hath Seven Navigable at all Times; the Three great Ones by Ships, the Four fmaller, Two on each fide (as ap- pears by the Chart) by Boats and Sloops, efpecially durjng the Time of tlie Waters rifmg or the Freflies, as they call them, which are always conftant, 'and return in the Spring, and fometimes happen in the Summer upon the great Rains, which is not frequent. The Three great Branches always Navi- gable by Shipping , are fituated about 6 Miles diftant from each other, and unite all at one Place with the main River, a- bout 12 Miles from their Mouths. There is not above 14 Foot on the Barr at Low-Water in Neep-Tides, excepting when the Frefhes come down in the Spring or upon great Rains, but when you are o- ver the Barr, which is not in many Places above a ShipV length '^roadj ytiU enter im- 6 J rnediately, » «i.if^"#-- - m «aiiuHi>i mediately into deep Water , the Icaft $ Fathom, which increafes to lo Fathom be- tore you come to the mam River : Alter that it deepens graduaUy, to above jo, and you have no where leis than 20 Fathom for a 100 Miles, and little lefs for 100 Leagues, and afterwards from 10 to 17 tor 100 Uagues more: Then from 6 to 10, 200 Leagues further ; thence to the great Cataraa or Fall wliich is 1600 Miles from its Entrance into the Sea, from j Fathom to 6 : Its Breadth is generally during its great Depth fcarce a Mile, but as it kflens in Depth, it encreafesin Breadth, and is in moa Places ofitsCourfe Two Miles broad, and where it makes Iflands (as it does very frequently) from the Middle of its Courle 2 or 3 Leagues. The Banks m moft Places are no more than 5, or 6 Feet a- bove the River, and Ships may almoft m all Places lie by the fide of the Shore, there being generally from 3 to 6 Fathom, and deepens gradually , as you approach the Middle of the River, which hath moftly a pretty ftrong Current, but there are di- vers Promontories, under which you may Anchor, where is good Shelter from Winds, and curious Eddy-Tides. When you are afcended the River 4 or < Leagues, it is border'd on each fide with high frees of divers Sorts, from half a Mile to 2 Miles deep into the Country ^ very little pnder Wooisj no Trouble in tra- •' V. veiling veiling Vines others almofl: leis thi often come a mol1 6 or S gentle oval, looks fiimm: this acutef the w graze; into t chew Th itfelf until Bajogi dwell 200 ] fide, Braiu empt great 40 o deep ' in Bi Pf < r , the leaft $ ) 10 Fathom be- in River : Alter to above 30, and :han 20 Fathom :le lefs for 100 3m 10 to 17 lor from 6 to 10, incc to the great 1600 Miles from from J Fathom lerally during its ;, but as it kflens readth, and is in Two Miles broad, Is (as it does very idle of its Courfe Banks in moft 5, or 6 Feet a- ps may almoft in f the Shore, there o 6 Fathom, and lou approach the ^hich hath moftly but there are di- x which you may lelt^r from Winds, At zd the River 4 or on each fide with irts, from half a into the Country ^ no Trouble intra- , veiling "mm" (7) veiling , befides wliat proceeds from the Vines ramping upon the Ground. Divers others furround aiKi mount up the Trees, almoft unto their Tops, wliich are feldom lefe than 100 Feet trom tlieir Roots, and often 30 , ot 40 Feet more. When you come out of the agreeable Shade, you fee a moft beautiful level Country, only about 6 or 8 Miles diftance, there are Collins or gentle Afcents, for the moft Part round or oval, crown'd with ftately Trees, which looks more like a Work of laborious con- fummate Art than of mere Nature ; and this on both fides the River, fo far as the acuteft Sight can reach ; in which Meadows the wild Bulls and Kine, befides other Beafts, graze, and in the Heat of the Day retire into thefe Woods for Sheker, where they chew the Cudd. There is no confiderable River empties itfelf into the Mefch4cebe from the Mouths, until you come about 12 Miles above the BAjogoU and MoagoUches, two Nations who dwell together on the Weft-fide thereof, ?oo Miles from the Sea ; then on the Eaft fide, there falls out of the Mefchacehe a Branch, which after a Courfe of 160 Miles, empties itfelf into the N. E. End of the great Bay of Sf^irito Sa/^to ; it is not above 40 or 50 Yards broad, and 2 or 3 Fathom deep at its beginning ; but foon enlarges • in Breadth and Depth by the AccclTion pf divers Rivers- and Rivulets, and is a B 4 nioft iitamil jiii III II III 111 I II \lu II lirfttiiiiiBAi (8) moft lovely River, making plcafant Lakes, and palTing, during its whole Courfe, thro* a Country exa£kly like that we have for- merly defcrib'd : It is Navigable by the greateft Boats, Sloops, and I'mall Ships of Etiglifb Building ; and by large Ones , if built after the Dutch manner with flat Bot- toms. • On the North-fide of one of the above- mention'd Lakes, callM by the hench Lake Pontehartram , they have erefted a fmall Fort, and Storehoufes, whither after unloading their large Veffels at Ifle mx Faijfeaaxy of Ships Ifland, tliey bring the Goods in Sloops or Shallops, and from thence difperfe them by their Traders amongft their own Settle- ments and the feveral Nations of Indtam^ inhabiting on and about the Mefchuebe^ and the Rivers which enter it, both from the Eaft and Wert. About 50 Miles above the Place where this River is difmif>'d from the Mefchaeehy on the other fide, viz. the Weft, enters the River of the Houmas fo nam'd from a con- fiderable Nation, who inhabit upon it in the Country, 6 or 8 Miles from its Mouth. This is a mighty River deep and broad, and comes from the Mountains of Ntw Mexico ; its Courfc is moftly N. W. and is Navicable by large VdTels above ^00 Miles, and thence by large Boats and Sloops almoft unto its Fountains. By this River you may have Communication with above 40 Naci^ ons, M alfo w whom cafy r moft < wildl^ A bund of the Ride, ropeans are foi the lei Tw ver M which, divide; an Ida very j is Inli the N bound] Life. a prct Fifher out ol twcen Abe fame, inakes and 3 in mai Natioi ; picafant Lakes, ole Courfe, thro* at we have for- avigable by tlic id imall Ships of large Ones , if er witli flat Bot- ic of the above- 1 the ^nnch Lake ifted a fmall Fort, after unloading MX FaiffeaaXy or e Goods in Sloops nee difperfe thcni their own Settle- ations of Indian t^ be MefcLaeebfy and t, both from the the Place where m the Mefchsetbfy I Weft, enters the am'd from a con- ihabit upon it in s from its Mouth, deep and broad, fountains of Ntw itly N. W. and is ; above 3100 Miles, ; and Sloops almoft lis River you may h above 40 Nat^ (9) ons, who live upon it, or its Branches ; and alio with the S pani.tr dr of New Mrxicoy from whom its furthcft Heads are not above an eafy Day's Journey. Upon this River and moft of its Bi anches, arc great Herds of wild Kine, which bear a fine Wooll, and Abundance of Horfe, both wild and tamo of the apanijh Breed, on which the Indians Ride, with almoft as much Skill as the Enf- ropeansy tho' the Bridles, Sadies, and Stirrups are fomewhat different from ours, yet nOt the lefs commodious Twelve Leagues Higher upon the Ri- ver Mcjchacebey is the River of the Naches^ which, 10 or 12 Leagues above its Mouth, divides itfelf into two Branches, and forms an Ifland about ^o Miles in Circumference, very picafant and fertile. The South Branch is Inliabited by the CorroaSy the North by the Nafhesy both confiderable Nations, a- bounding in all Neceflaries for Humane Life. Some Leagues above the Divifion is a pretty large Lane, where there is ft great Filhery for Pearl, large and good, taken out of a Shell-Fifh of a middle Nature be- tween an Oyfter and a Mufcle. About 12 or 14 Leagues higher on the fame, that is the Weft lide, the Mefchdcehe^ makes a little Gulph about 20 Miles long and J or 4 broad, upon which Inhabit in many Towns the Populous and Civilized Nation of the Tdhenfay who alio abound in Pearls, and enjoy an Excellent Coun« ■■* ( lo) I try ; Are very hofpitable to Strangers, and tho' as moft Indian Nations, at War with there Neighbours, yet together with the three laft mentioned, and thofe to be here- after named, joyfully receive and kindly entertain all with whom they have not actu- al Hoftilities. Fourteen or Fifteen Leagues higher on the Eaft fide o{ Me/chaeehe, is the Nation and River of Tajbue which comes two or 300 Miles out of the Country, on which dwell the Nations in order mentioned after the TajfoueeSf the Touwcas, Kpurouasy Tihiou^ SsmhottkU and Epitoupa, Ten or 12 Leagues higher on the Weft 3ide, is the River Ndtchttocky which has a Courfe of many Hiuidrcd Miles : And after it is Afcended about one hundred, there are many Springs, Pitts, and Lakes, which afford mqft Excellent common Salt in great Plenty, wherewith they Trade with Neigh- |)Ouring Rations for other Commodities they want, ajyi may be of great Service to the £«ro;M«> Inhabitants of this Country, to prcferye Flefh, and Fifti for their own Ufe, and Exportation to Natives, Spaniards, and our Iflands, to the great Profit ^ them, vfho have not Stock to engage m greater and more beneficial Undertakings. Upon this River inhabit not only the Nachitocks, Na., guateeres, Natjbhocks, but jiigher fevcral 0- ther Nations. ■ ' . ■■ , *^ Sixteen Sixt fide, ei unite I an Ills mansy The that ( firft t upon Erabnc Th( upon OzAfes River ties it be he ver n gA, w AkanJ, Tej name< fame who hocois Nam( Te the / chicebt (hagar is thi Coun ih ] Strangers, and IS, at War with (gether with the ihofe to be here- eive and kindly 3y have not adu- sagues Iiigher on , is the Nation :h comes two or untry, on which ;r mentioned after jher on the Weft ocky which has a Miles : And after e hundred, there nd Lakes, which mon Salt in great frade with Neigh- Cornmoditics they ;at Service to the this Country, to or their own Ufe, ^es, apaniardjj and It Profit ^ them, engage ift greater takings. Upon this lie Nachitoch.) Na-. jiigher feyeral o- Sixteen 1 Sixteen Leagues further upon the Weft fide, enter the Mejchacebe two Rivers, whicli unite about lo Leagues^ above, and make an Ifland call'd by the Name of the Tori- ma»Sy by whom it is inhabited. The Southerly of thefe two Rivers, i$ that of the Oufoutiwy upon which dwell firft the Akanfas^ a great Nation, higher upon the fame River the Kjff^t Mwtou^ Erahnch* and others. The River to the North is nam'dM/^tf, upon which live Part of the Nation of the OzAges ; their great Body Inhabiting a large River which bears their Name, and Emp- ties itfelf into the Yellow River, as will be hereafter mention'd : And upon this Rj»- ver near the Mouth is the Nation Tongin- ga, who with the Torimam are Part of the Ahnfaes, Ten Leagiies higher i§ a Small River named Capfa^ and upon it a People of the fame Name, and another called Ouejpertet^ who fled, to avoid the Perfecution of the IrocoiSj from a River which ftill bears their Name to be mention'd hereafter, 1 en Miles higher, on the fame fide of the Mefchacebe, ib a little River nam'd Mat- chicebe upon which dwell the Nations iW^^- (hagamia and Efiminguta ; over againft whoni is the great Nation of the Clicazas, whofe Country extends above forty Leagues to the River of the Cheragn^es^ which we fhall '■"' ' ' ' ^efcribe jW i lUJW P' (12) defcrihe when we come to Difcourfe of the great River Hohio, Ten Leagues higher on the Eaft fide is the River and Nation of ChonguCf with fomc Otliers to the Eaft of tlj^m. Fifteen Leaguj;s higher, on the Weft fide, U the River and Nation of Sjpoarig. Thirty Leagues higher on the Eaft fide, is the opening of a River that proceeds out of a Lake 20 Miles long, which is a- bout 10 Miles fi*om the Mefehacehe, Into thi§ Lake empty themfelves four large Ri, yer§ . The moft Northerly, wjiich comes from the North Eaft, is called Ottdhdchicou or OuAbaehe upon whjch dwelt the Nations Chii' cbakiugMy Pepepicokiay Hohio^ PtAnguiehia. The next South of this, is the vaft River HohiOy which comes from the back of Nerv-Torkf Marj/Ufid, and VtrginU, and is Navigable 600 Miles. Hohio in the Indian Language figiii^es ^e feir River ; And certainly it runs from its Heads through the moft Beau- tiful fertile Countries in the Univerfe, and is form'd by the Confluence of 19 or i? Rivers, and innumerable Rivulets, A Town fettled upon this Lake , or the Entrance of the River Fohio thereinto, would have Communication with a moft lovely Fruit- faU Country 600 Miles Square. Formerly divers Nations dwelt on this River ds, the ChAWAitoeSy a mighty and very populous Peor pie, who had above 50 Towns, and ma- ftV other Nations who were totally deftroy- ed, or Irocois \ when who li Sout about vided call'd I ver, t ther, I away Heads fide of run on MarjUi are th which difgorc of Che] tion'd Mount munica the /» by wl: of the and hai The Rivers, ver for tion In thers ci Cheraqt hath iti ■rf'^ . ■t>tat.*-iMlB*fc;." 1 Mill Difcourfe of the the Fail fide is ouguCf with fomc >n the Weft fide, f SjpoartM. on the Eaft fide, er that proceeds ng) which is a- Mefehacehe, Into IS four large Ri* which comes from d Ottdbachieou or the Nations Cha» Pianguichia, The vaft River HohiOy icic of New-Tork, and is Navigable Indian Language And certainly it gh the moft Beau- he Univerfe, and ice of 19 or I J? ivulets, A Towrt or the Entrance into, would have loft lovely Fruit- iquare. Formerly his River a£| the cry populous Peor Towns, and ma- re totally deftfoy- »SHPBHI»^ !!'Hlt '»*i." 1 ( '3) ed, or driven out of their Counti'y by the Irocois ; this River being their uuial Road when they make War upon the Nations who lie to the South or to the Weft. South of the Hohio is another River which about JO Leagues above the Lake is di- vided into two Branches ; the Northerly is call'd Outjpere, the Southerly the Black Ri- ver, there are very few People upon ei- ther, they having been deftroy'd or driven away by the aforemention'd Iroeois, The Heads of this River proceed from the Weft fide of the vaft Ridge of Mountains, which run on the Back of Ctarolinity VirgimM^ and Maryland', on whofe oppofite or Eaft fide, are the Sources of the great River Potomgek^ which by a Mouth of fome Leagues broad, difgorges itfelf into the middle of the Bay of Chejepeackj and feparates the two laft men- tion'd Provinces from each other. The Mountains afford a fliort Paflage or Com- munication between thole two Rivers, which the Indians are well acquainted witl^ arid by which in Conjunction with the French of the Me(ehacebey they may in Time infult and harrafs thofe Colonies. The moft Southerly of the abovefaid four Rivers, which enter into the Lake, is a Ri- ver fome call Kflfii"ff Co nam'd from a Na- tion Inhabiting a little above its Mouth ; o* thers call it the Cufates or the River of the Cheraqaees^ a. mighty Nation, among whom it hath its chief Fountains j it comes from the South J r (H) South Eafi:, and its Heads are among the Mountains, whicli feparate this Country from CarolifMy and is the great Road of the Traders, from thence to the Mejchaeehj and intermediate Places. Above 200 Miles up this River to the South Eart, is the great and pow- erful Nation of the Chicazas^ good Friends to the Englifby whofe Dominion extends thence to the Mefchicebe 1 Before you come at them, is a fmall Fall orCatarad, the only one I have yet heard of, in any of the Rivers that enter the Mefthaceicy cither from the Eaft or from the "Weft. Thirty or Forty Leagues above the Chi- ux>*Sy this River forms four delicate Iflands wliich have each a Nation Inhabiting them, vi*. Tahcgn(ey KjkiguCy Cochdi, and Tdi» Sixty Leagues above the Ifland and Nation of the Ttf/r, inhabits the aforementioned Na- tion of the Cherasiuees, who have^ at leaft 60 Towns, feme of which are not above 60 Miles from Cdrolin^u They have great Friendlhip with the EngUflj of that Pro- vince, who from thence carry on a free Trade with, and are always very kindly entcrtain'd by them. Fifteen Leagues above the Hohio^ or the River coming out of the Lake aforemention'd, to the Weft, is the River Hofubmouy upon which dwells a Nation of the fame Name, and another call'd AmicoB: And 10 Leagues above that, is the great Ifland of the T-»- mtroASy and over againft it on the Eaft fide a Nation which goes by its Name, and an- other are among the ; this Country •eat Road of the ; Mefchacebe^ and oo Miles up this e great and pow- good Frienas to L extends thence come at them, is nly one I have yet rs that enter the Eaft or from the les above the Cht- r delicate Iflands Inhabiting them, f, and Tdi» Sixty and Nation of •emention'd Na- 10 have^ at leaft h are not above They have great Itjh of that Pro- carry on a free w^ays very kindly he Hohio^ or the ke aforemention'd, Hombamu^ upon the fame Name, : And ID Leagues Ifland of the T-*- t on the Eaft fide its Name, and an- other (15) Other by tliat of Cthokia who dwell on the Banks of the River Chepujfo., Fifteen Leagues above which to the Weft is the Great Yellow River, fo nam'd becaufe it is Yellowifli and fo muddy, That tho' the Mefchacebe is very clear where they meet, and fo many great Rivers ofChrifta* line water below, mix with the Mefchs-. cebey yet it diicolours them all even unto the Sea. When you are up tliis River 66 or 70 Miles, you meet with two Branch- es. The iefl^r, tho' large, proceeds from the Soutli, and moft of the Rivers that compofe it falls from the Mountains, which fepa* rate tliis Country from . New Mexico ; not- withftanding which, there is a very eafc Communication between them. Tliis is cal- led the River of tlie Oragesy from a Nu- merous People, who have ,16 or 18 Towns feated thereupon, efpecially near its mixing with the Yellow River. The other which is the main Branch, comes from the North Weft, moft of whofe Branches deicend like- wife from the Mountains of New Mexico, and Divers other large Provinces which are to the North of New-Mexico, wholly poffefTed by Indians, who are faid to be very Nu- merous , and well polic'd : They are all at War with the 6pa»iMrdff from whom they have defended their Countries above 150 Years, and have rather recovered than loft Ground. They are likewife at War, as generally the Indians are, amongft them- /felves. -i4fV«» (16) felves. The moft Northerly Branches of this River, are interwoven with other Branch- es, which have a contrary Courle, pro- ceeding to the Weft, and empty them- felves into a vaft Lake, whofe Waters by means of another great River, difembogues into the South-Sea. The /»^m»/ affirm, they fee great Ships failing in that Lake, Twen- ty times bigkjer then their Canows. The Yellow is called the River of the Majforites, from a great Nation inhabiting in many Towns near its juhdure with the River of the 0z4ges i There are many other Na- tions upon tlie* fame, httle inferior to them in Extent of Territories or number of Towns, as the VAnimtha^Sy Tancajfa's PAna\ VtnelogA^ Mitotintet^ few of them having lefe than 26 Towns, fcarce any of which count left then 200 Cabans. ;< Forty Miles above the Yellow River, on the Eaft fide is the River Chcagou or the River of i the AUfiouecks^ corruptly by the ^encb call'd llUmus^ which Nation liv'd up- on and about this River, having above 60 S'owns> and formerly confifted of 20000 ifighting Men* but are now almoft totally deftroy'd by vaapoceis^ov driven beyond the Mefchtkcebe Weftward. This is a large Plea- fent River; And about 250 Miles above its Entrance into the Mefihacehe^ it is divided into two Branches; the lefler comes from North and by Eaft, and its Head is within 4 or 5 Miles of the great Lake of tlie^//- nouceks i^igt.iiiMi:.jm%^^-' -l- irly Braricbes of Itli other Br'anch- y Courle, pro- [ empty them- irhofe Waters by ver, difembogues iaffs affirm, they It Lake, Twen- Canows. The of the Majforites, ibiting ia many mth the River many other Na- ittle inferior to es or number of Tancajfa's PaM\ of them having ;e any of which >• fellow River, on Checagou or the corruptly by the i Nation liv'd up- having above 60 fifted of 20000 )W almoft totally Iriven beyond the is is a large Plea- 250 Miles above tcebe, it is divided efler comes from ts Head is within Lake of the ^/z- mu€eks ( 17) fjduecks on its Weft-fide ; the other conies al- moft direftly from the Eaft, and proceeds from a Morafle within 2 Miles of the Ri- ver MiamhAf which empties itfelf into the fame Lake. On the South-'Eaft-fide, there is an eafy Cortimunication between thefe two Rivers, by a Land-Carriage of 2 Leagues, about 50 Miles to the South-Eaft of the foremention'd Lake. The Courfe of this River from its Head exceeds 40b Miles, Navigable above half Way by Ships, and moft of the reft by Sloops, and large Boats or Barges. Many imall Rivers I'un into it, and it forms 2 or ^ Lakes ; but one migh-^ tily extoirdj caird Pimiteoui, %hich is 20 Miles long, and j Miles broad ; it affords great Quantities of good Fifh , and the Country round about it, abounds with Game, both Fowls and Beafts. Befides the lUicouecky are the Nations Prouaria, the great Nation ilsfcdfquU and Cdracorttauon ; and on the Northern Branch inhabit Part of the Natioil of the Mafcontens. On the South Eaft Bank 6f this River, Monfieur de U Sale crefted a Fort in the Year 1680, Which he nam'd Creve'ceeure ^ from the Grief which fciz'd hitoj on the iofs of one of his chief ttading Barks rich- ly laden, and the Mutiny, and villanous In- trigues of fofiie of his Cortipany, whofirft at- tettipted to poyfon, and after^vairds defert him^ This Fort ftands about haW Way between C thereof m^u liHilifii'iyMynifet.,. - .jt^ (i8) the Biv of Mexico and Canada, and was for- merly the ufual Rout of the ^^rench lagc. ing to or returning froax either of thofc pgces : But fince they have difcover d a n^er and eafier PalTage ^X /he O-^M^ and' Ohio, tlie Sources of both which Ri- vers ai^e at a fmall Diftancc from the Lake Erie, or fome Rivers which enter in- ^F^ty Leagues higher en the Weft-Hde is a. fair River, which our People >vere at the Mouth of, but could not learn its Name. I fuppofe its the fame the French call Mom* L.. some make it to proceed from tlie htchayoiva Of long River, as may be dif- cernM in the annexM Map ; but as all our Journals are filent in that Matter , fo Ihalll, till fome more peried Difcoveries thereof afford us further Light and Certain- tv therein. , ^ When you are afcended about 40 Leagues more; tlL on the Eaft-fide falls ir^o the Mefchacebc, the River Mtfionfi^g- This 1* much of tiie fame Nature with that of the Alhouecks, whether you confidcr 1 s Breadth, Depth and Qourfe ; as alfo the Pleafantnefej and Fertility of the Country, adjacent unto all its Branches. After you have row d or faiPd up it 60 Miles, ,oyns xyith it , the River of the Kjka^ouz, wluch is alfo Navi- gable, and comes a great Way from the North-Eaft. Eighty Miles fu[ther almoft dircaiy Eaft, there is a ready Communi- catiowj ii'iiiiii' iliiif'i'f^^' cation, the Ri contrai and ei Miles! Bay ( w^hich great and B when Seas of the . Fort is tlie the fai long R fcriptic to its I Miles, it is cc of the their C vide t] the Si the otl cafily ] to the charge faidSe Mefcha E(Jatt.t} Town Baron ida, and was for- he hrench in go- either of thofc lavc difcover'd a by the Ouahache both which Ri- rtancc from the J which enter in- in the Weft-fide is eople were at the learn its Name. ; French call Moin* )roceed from tlie , as may be dif- ;ap ; but as all that Matter , fo perieQ: Difcoveries Light and Certain- : about 40 Leagues fide, falls into the Ufconpag. This i& I with that of the onfidcr its' Breadth, fo the Pleafantnefe^ ntry, adjacent unto you have row'd or oyns with it, the /liich is alfo Navi- lat Way from the iles further, almoft a ready Communi- cation, C19) cation, by a Carriage o^ 2 Leagues, with the River of Mijccuiquiy which hath a quite contrary Courfe, running to the North-liaft, and empties itfelf, after a Paffage or* 150 Miles from the Land Carriage, into the great Bay of the How^couotamisy or the Fannsy which joyns, on the North- Weft, with the great Lake of the Aliffotitcks. This River and Bay I fhall have Occafion to mention, when I come to defcribe the vaft Lakes, or Seas of Frefh- Water, which are to the Eaft: of the iflejchae.bt:. Forty Leagues higher, on the fame Side, is tlie fair large River Mitehaoywa, which is the fame the Bdiroff le Hontan y calls tha long River, and gives a very particular De- Icription thereof, having navigated it almoft to its Heads. It has a Courfe of above 500 Miles, and . the Southern Rivers, of which it is composed, are near the Northern Heads of the River of the Mejfourifrs, both taking their Original from the Mountains, which di- vide this Country, from that which leads to the Sotfth SfL Several Rivers proceed frcHt the other fide of the Mountains, which are eafily pafs'd in lels than one Day, and fell in- to the fame Lake abovemenrion'd, which dil^ charges itfelf by a great River into the afore- faid Sea. As you alcend this River from the Mefchaeth.'y you meet with the Nmons Eokoro^f^ E(]att.tpef Gnajitares, who have each many Towns, and vtry popolous. And tlie faia Bgron acquaints us, from very good Lifof- C 2 mation> '¥: # ( 20 ) mation, That beyond thefe HUls, are Two or Three Mighty Nations, under Potent Kines, abundantly more civihz'd, numerous, and warlike, than their Neighbours, diffe- rinc ereatlv in Cuftoms, Buildings, and Go- vernment, from all the other Natives if this Northern Continent : That they are rioath- ed, and build Houfes, and Ships, hke £«- rmeans, having many of great Bignefe, m loisth 1 20 or 130 Foot, and carry from 2, to ?oo Men, wliich navigate the great Lake, and it is thought the adjacent Parts of the Ocean. And Herrera, Gowara and fome otlier SPMifb Hiftoriographers affert, that the SPMiards faw, upon that Coaft, fuch S^iips, wliich they apprehended, came from 7'«/'4» or Chin*. . , ^ . ^, / . 1 A little higher up is the River Ch*hAdeba, above which the MefehAcebe makes a hne Lake, 20 Miles long, and 8 or 10 broad. Nine or 10 Miles above that Lake, ori the Eaft-fide, is a large fair River calld the River of Tomifes, after you have enter- «i a little Way, which leads far into the ' Country to the North-Eaft, and is naviga- ble by the greateft Boats 40 Miles. About the lame Diftance further up, the Mejchaceie is precipitated from the Rocks about 50 Foot, but is fo far Navigable by confidera- ble Ships, as alfo beyond, excepting another Fall 80 or 90 Miles higher, by large Veffels unto its Sources , which are m the Coun- tiv of the Sieuxy not at a very great Di- ' ftancc fiance i other fi ehacebey little N fmall C in Silen tSQ'-'OtSS tn H E pafs t|i tion tf Florids^ South-] TheF Nan»?, * .j*-*tv; ^ HUls, are Two » under Potent ilii'd, numerous, lighbours, diffe- ildings, and Go- r Natives nf this they are ''ioath- Ships, like £«- reat Bignefe, in nd carry from 2, B the great Lake, ent Parts^ of the ntatd^ and fome rs affert, that the :oaft, fuch Ships, :ame from 'Ja^m River CUUdeba, be makes a tine S or 10 broad. 5 that Lake, on fair River callM r you have enter- leads far into the \y and is naviga- 40 Miles. About jp, the Mejchactbe Rocks about 50 able by confidera- excepting another r, by large VefTels are in the Coun- a very great Pi- ftance ^-^.plM^i. ^ija^^.. JfetfAJ-gMMt^,- - ( 21 ) Aance from Hudfonh Bay. There are man)r other fmaller Rivers which fell into the Af*/- ehacebey on botli Sides of it, but being of little Note, and the Defcription of them of fmall Confpquence; I have pafs'd them over ia Silence. CQi«at;StfO5GJ©S'«£<»90aCXS^^ CHAP. H. c/f Defcription of the Coun- tries, People, Rivers, Bays, Harbours and IJlands, to the Eafl of the Mcfchacebe, which do not communicate with ;V. NOW proceed to defcribe tliat Part of tliis Province, which is to the Eaft of the MefchAcebe j the Rivers, which pafs tlirough it, having no Communica- tion therewith. From the ?eniafuU of FlorUiy where this Country begins, to the South-Eaft, there are only two large Rivers: the Firft that of PdAcht, the true Indt^n Nam?, by th« Sfmxrds call'd the R*^f.oJ \. imm ( 22 ) Sfiirito Sitito or of AfdAche , adding an J, after tlie ArdUn maimer, from wluch ^i a as gr<;at Part of their Language is deriv d m tlie Provinces of ^'Uo, i\U»ota, they pro- ti^unwAniicOy and A»-if'Oi^y and fo in di- vers others. This River enters tlie Gulph of Mtxuo about loo Miles from the Cod of the Bay of PdAchfy at the North-Weit End of t\\Qi\nhluUoi tloridn, in 30 Degrees of North Latitude, and fome tew Minutes. It is fomcvvhat hard to find, by Reafon ot the Hies and L^^unes before it ; and though a (lately River, and tomes tar out of the Country, hath not above 2 Fathoms and a haK, or i Fathoms Water at moft on the Barr, as the People fent on Difcovery found ; buf that being paf^'d its very deep and large; and the Tide flows higher than into any Other River upon all the Coaft, fome affirm $0 Miles, which is no wonder, the Country being a perfeft Level, and the Ri- ver having a double Current ; one from the South, all along the Po;//i|/»//, from 25 De- grees to 30 t The other from the Weft. Near k, on both Sides towards the Sea-Coaft, dwell divers Nations, ?uUchees, Chdttoes, 6V/- Uggots, :CQ»imakei's, &c ; who are generally caU'd by one Name of ApMtatchy Indians, This River proceeds chiefly from Rivers, which have their Origia on the South or South- Weft fide of the great Ridge of Hills, that divides this Country from Carolway and is fuppopM to have a Courfe Q^ ^hout 400 ^^ .... ^in.^v -#* sv Miles. Miles, the gr< fies and To Coza , and th( to MJ or the Heads chetu 1 ing at the Fo uniting a Riv( fioffy n or 4 1 the Co The fit ChUha, being Lakes cients ] Oyfter in the moditii the Ri ceflion from t of CdZ of th( this C this Fe in a c , adding an J, from which a ge is derived •, a* UifioiJf they pro- , and fo in di- ntcrs tire Gulph s from tlie Cod of North-Weit End in 30 Degrees of tew Minutes. It by Reafon of the t ; and though a lar out of the 2 Fathoms and a i* at moft on the 1 Difcovery found ; i very deep and , higher than into I the Coaft, fome s no wonder, the .evcl, and the Ri- ;nt; one from the f/«//, from 25 De- )m the Weft. Near rds the Sea-Coaft, icheeSy Chdttoes, 6V/. who are generally »Utcby Indians. This om Rivers, which e South or South- idge of Hills, that m CarolinHy and is irfc of about 400 ' ' Miles'. in) n Miles. Upon or near the Middle of it live the great Nations of the CuJ'sheues, Tullibou- fies and /idgel>aches. To the' Weft of this, is the famous CozA , or as ours call it the CoujfA River, and the Vnnth Mobile^ the biggeft, next un- to Mfch/irchff^ and Hohio^ of any in this, or the Neighbouring Provinces. Its lirli Heads are likevvUe from the aforefaicl PaU' chetu Mountains. The moft Northerly be- ing at GmxuU Town and Province, near the Foot of the Mountain. Many Rivulets uniting, after a Courfe of 80 Miles, form a River bigger than the Tha»/es at Kf^'g- fofij making feveral delicious Ifles, fome ^, or 4 Miles long, and Half a Mile broad; the Country is wonderful plcaHmt and tertil. The firft confiderable Tovt^n or Province ii ChUha^ famous for its Pearl-Fifliing, there being thereabouts , in the River and little Lakes it makes, a Sort of Shell-Fifh, the An- cients nam'd Ftnna^ between a Mufcle and Oyfter ; concerning which I have difcours'd in the Account of the l*roduces or Com- modities of this Country. From thence the River grows larger and deeper, by Ac- cefTion of others from the Mountains, and from the Weft, until it enters the Province of CazA, or Couffit, which is reckon'd one of the moft plcafant and fruitful Parts of this Country, and very populous. Through this Ferdmando Soto pais'd, and refided there- in a confiderable Time ; and all the SfAniflj C 4 w^i- \ (H) Writers of this femous Expedition, cxtoK them above any other Nation, for Extent of Territory, the Pleafantnefs , Healthfulnefs, Fruitfuhiefs thereof, and the good Difpofition of the Inhabitants. The faithful and judici- ous Portf/gftefe unknown Author of that Exr pedition, in a few Words thus defcribes this Province. It confifts of Hills and Vallies between. « "I heir Granaries were full of Indian Covn, ♦' and other Edibles; fo populous, that their <* Towns and Fields , fow'd with Corn , <.' touch'd each other •, the Country is very ** agreeable, by Reafon of many Rivulets, *f which make lovely Meadows. There grow " naturally in the Fields, Prunes, better *< than we can in SpAtn produce by Cul- ♦* ture, even in our Gardens. Vines mount, <* in almoft all Places near the Rivers, to « the 'fops of the Trees, There are divers ^ other Sorts of Vines which are low, and ♦' fome run upon the Ground, and by cul- ** tivating might be wonderfully improved, ^' tho' vyry good and pleafant, as they are *' in their natural State. " Belo\y thefe on the fame River, are the VUtbalits^ or as fome, the Olthahalies and according to the French the AlUbamus : And below them the TuBfes, who dwell upon a feir River which enters that of Coza from f he Eaft, thence to the onqe great Province ©f Tafculuza, alpiofl deftroy'd by Ferdinan- do Sato J bup \k^ chi^f Cjty MoaviH^, which the hile fori hen firll Riv taf, ral at j con gre ty: goc Mil the or tfUf Lai and wh ver A of Gr( tha lye the taf, ing ot mi: enti to ) Expedition, cxtoK [ation, for Extent of lefs, Healthfulnefs, the good Dilpofition faithful and judici- Author of that Exr 5 thus defcribes this id Vallies between, full of Indian Corn, populous, that their fow'd with Corn, the Country is vtry of many Rivulets, eadows. There grow Ids, Prunes, better in produce by Cul- dens. Vines mount, near the Rivers, to ;s, There are divers which are low, and J round, and by cul- ^onderfully improved, pleafant, as they are ' n fame River, are the the Oltbahaltcs and ; the Allibumus : And f, who dwell upon a :s that of Coza from ; onqe great Province eftroy'd by Ferdinan- City MoaviJIiif which tlie ' C 25 ) the En^l/Jb call MauheUy and the French Mo- bilcy is yet in Being, tho' far Ihort of its former Grandeur. About 100 Miles fron? hence, It enters tiie Gulph of Mexico^ being ' firft increas'd, as by many fmall Rivers and Rivulets, fo by the fair River of the Chat- taty which is made by a Colle6lion of feve-^ ral other little Streams and Rivers, and which at length form a fine River that would feem confiderable, if it were not obfcur'd by the great River in which it is loft. Tliis migh, ty Nation of the Chmas confifting of near gooo Fighting Men, live chiefly about the Middle of the River, and is not far from the C^/V4«;4V, whom I mention'dto inhabit 30 or 40 Towns, in the Defcription of the Ca/- qut or Cufites River, and fpeak the fame Language. And to the Eaft between thena and the Qoz.asy are the hecaes or Jhecaef^ who have i j Towns, and dwell upon di- vers fmall Rivers, which run into the Couf. fa. It is a very pleafant Country, like that of the Coza, full of Hills and VaUies ; their Ground is generally more marly, or fatter than many other Provinces, which are molt, ly of a lighter Mould. And a little more to the South-Weft, between the Becaes and Chau u^y dwell in divers Towns, being 500 Fight- ing Men, the Emmahsy upon a feir River of their Name, which coming from the Eafi^, mixes with the Qoup, This mighty Rivef enters the Gulph of Mexico^ about 1 5 Leag. tQ th? ^yeft of tlie great Bay of JSlaffau or I;, / '■' (25) Spirito Sdntfff or from the N. E. Cape of Mirtle Ifle, which is the South Land, be^ tween which, and the Continent to the ^^orth, is the Entrance of that vaft Inlet. The River runs into a Kind of a Litgune or Bay, which is barred 4 Miles from the Mouth of the River, fuppos'd to be occa- fion'd, as the Mejchaeehe^ in long Procefs of Time, by the Silt or Sediment of the Water , this being almoft as muddy, coming, for the moft Part, thro' a rich Clay or Marie j io that at the Barr, when it is Low- Water (and it flows little there , excepting the South Wind drive ia a great Sea) there i% not above 14 or 15 Foot; but the Mouth being fome Miles Broad, and our People not hiving Leifure to examine nicely, perhaps there may be found deeper Places upon 0- ther Parts of the Barr ; but fo foon as you are over it, there is a moft noble Harbour, very large, from 4 to 6 Fathom Depth. Near the Mouth of this River the French have lately made a new Settlement, call'd Fort LouiSy which is the ufual Refidence of the Chief Goveri^or of LoHulunn^ who IS neverthelefs fubordinate to him of C<^nada, In this Fort are Ibme Companies of Soldi- ers, and from thence Detachments are fent to fecure the feveral Stations, they have a- inongft the IndUm in the Inland Parts. ' As the VlUbdyi or AlUh/mtLus^ ChicAzAs^ and ChattAeSy are ^he moft populous and Potent Nations upon and between tliis River and ths the A refide confic kindb Year' of th or oh thofe juftly Static Awe Comi the 1 beyor fecur' fitabl< Subje ago t Bel tion'd fmall formt Num firft of a tions Leag. Welt tify'd being ufuall Franci and t ) N. E. Cape of South Land, be^ DoDtintnt to the f that vaft Inlet, and of a Lugune 4 Miles from the )osM to be occa- in long Procefs of ient of the Water, idy, coming, for h Clay or Marie j I it is Low- Water , excepting the reat Sea) there is ;; but the Mouth ind our People not 'i nicely, perhaps ler Places upon o- jut fo foon as you 3ft noble Harbour, 6 Fathom Depth. River the French Settlement, callM le ufual Rijfidence [)f Lojiufunx^ who to him of CA»sdti^ (mpanies of Soldi- ta:hments are fent io.as, they have a- e Inland Parts. imcus^ ChicAzxSy and opulous and Potent en tiiis River and ths (27) the Meffhacehey the Engliflf for feveral Yeai^^ refided peaceably amongft, carry'd on a confiderable Trade with, and were as Friends kindly entertain'd by them, till about the Year 171 5. by the Intrigues and Pradices of tlie trench, they were either murther'd, or oblig'd to retire, and nwke Room for thofe new Intruders , who have fince un- juftly poffefs'd and fortify'd the very fame Stations, in order to keep the Natives in Awe and Subjedion, and to cut off tlie Communication of the Engl/Jh Traders with the Indians thereabouts, and as far as, and beyond the Me/chaak ; whereby they have fecur'd to themfelves an extenlive and pro- fitable Trade of above 500 Miles, which the Subjects of Greiat Britain y^Gve a few Years ago the Sole Mafter§ of. Befides the French Settlement abovemen- tion'd on the Continent, they have another fmall Town and Fort in the Ille Daufhine \ formerly call'd SUuglmr Ifland, from a great Number of Mens Bones found there on its firft Difcovery, the Remains, as is faid, of a bloody Battle fought between two Na- tions of Indian <. This Ifland lies about 9 Leag. South of Forf Louu, and 14 Leagi Welt of VenJacoU. . It is inhabited and for- tify'd only on Account of its Harbour, it being the firft Place the Fr(nch Shippingj uflially touch at in their Voyage ironi France. The Diftance between this Rivcri, and that of Palache or Spviio Santo to the Eafl, (28) Bift, i$ about 190 Miles. Th^Coaft betweerj them is very deep and bold, contrary to all former Maps ; for thofe fent upon Difcovery founded feveral Times every Day and found it fo, as by the Journals will appear. between thofe two great Rivera arc di- vers Harbours; the Cliief and indeed the bell, upon all the Coaft of the Gulph of Mexico, is P^nficobj a large Jiarbour, and very fafe from all Winds, has 4 Fathom at the Entrance, and deepens gradually to 7 or 8. To the Eaft of the Harbour, enters a fine River, which comes about ico Miles out of the Country, and is made of two Rivers, which unite fome Miles above. This Harbour or Bay lies 90 Leagues Weft from the upper Part of the PemnfuU of Borida, • On the Lar-Board or Weft-fide of the Har- bour ftands a poor Town contaming about 40 Palmetto Houfes, with a fmall ftockadoed Fort of 12 or 14 Guns, but of little Mo- ment ; becaufe all their Soldiers, and the Majority of the Inhabitants, are Forc^idoes or forc'd People, having been Malefactors in fpme Parts of Mexico, therefore are confin'd in that Place for a Number of Years, ac^ cording to the Nature of their Crimes. In ihort they are not unlike our Feigns, wliich are tranfported frorrj the Jails in EagUftd to the Plantations. The French in the Year J719. took this Fort with fmall Lofs from the Spaniard', who in a few Months retook jt again. The Hrft of thefe made tliemfelves Mafter^ Mafter; ther th their P( If th which chief S eafe, at War ai Effgtifb by lyir Fleets from P h, Jam Thir Cola, Weft The byFoui a little Northe tkc Exil long, < the gre whicn found < This li Wheth« aux F*i but its I or Slauj for fhel Probab Miles I ,,.iii>rifliit**-~. :Coaft betweerj contrary to all upon Difcovery Day and found 11 appear. Rivers arc di- and indeed the • the Gulph of r JIarbour, and IS 4 Fathom at gradually to 7 Harbour, enters .bout ICO Miles J made of two lies above. This gues Weft from nfuU of Florida, .fide of the Har- :ontaming about fmall ftockadoed ut of little Mo- oldiers, and the , are ¥orc*a.does or a Malefactors in ifore are confin'd er of Years, aCf :heir Crimes. In ur Felpns, wliich ils in England, to *ch in the Year fmall Lofs from y Months retook made themfelves Mafter^ - I t | ii» ^ ||i uj i. »,»>. n.ill^lR. IW'iraR^J (29) '•Xai..,i,>iaathiJi,..i.,t Mafters thereof a fecond Time, but \vhc- ther they have deferted it, or keep it ftill in their Polfeffion I know not. If the French fecure this Port and Harbour, which is not above 14 Leagues Eaft of their chief Settlement at Mobile, they may with eafe, at ^ all Seafons, infeft, with large Men of War and Privateers, the Navigation of the Engtifh and Spaniards in the Bay of Mexico^ by lying in Waic for and intercepting their Fleets and private Ships, trading to and from Panacot Vera Cruz, Campeche^ forto Bel- h, Jamaica, and the Havana. Thirty JLeagues to tliP Eaft hJpalatchy^ Cola, which is alfo a good Harbor, and Weft of Jpalatchj River ^o Leagues. The Bay of JS/aJfau or Spirito ^anto is made by Four Iflands, which run almoft due South, a little inclining to the Weft. The moft Northerly, between which and the Main is tke Eiitrauce of the Bay, being 8 Leagues long, our People call'd Mirtle-Jpftd , from the great Quantity of that Tree or Shrub, whicn grows thei'e , where digging they found excellent good Water very plentifully. This Ifland in lome Places is very narrow. Whether it be the lame the trcKch call ijle aux Faijfeaux, or Ships Ifland, I can't tell, but its Situation, Diftance from Ifle Omphhe^ or Slaughter Ifland, and its Commodioufiiefs for (heltring Ships from the Wind, creates a Probability of its bein^ fo. The Bay is 1 5 Miles bfoad, from Mirtle Ifland to a Row of (so) bf Iflartds, which run Parallel with tlic Main, and another Bay or Lagrem between them, within which They did not go. Thcfe Iflands ftretch Soutliward 50 or 60 Miles, as far as one of the fmaller Mouths of the Mefchdcebs , and doubtlefs there muft be very good Harbours, being defended from the Sea and Winds by a double Row of Iflands, and Imving probably good Depths. Our People vifited only the moll: Northerly, virhich they nam'd Rofe-Ifland, a moft fra- grant Smell coming from it 5 Leagues oft) which exceeded all Perfumes; it is about 16 Miles long, and 2 Leagues or more from the Northern or Weftern Main. Between this and Mirtle-ljlAnd ^ the Depths of Wa- ter were 4, 5, 6, 5, 4 Fathom. Rofe- I/liind is a brave liland, and full of Wood, They found it fomewhat difficult to go down the Bay between the Iflands, meeting ^ith fomc Shoals, where they had not much Oibove 2 Fathom Water. They turn'd round MirtL-Jfland into the Main-Sea, pnd coaflred the Eaft-fide, which is very bold. Over a- gainft Mirtle-lpnd to the North, about 5 Leagues diftance, on the Main-Land , is a hish Point of Woods, where is the Entrance OtUttle Mefchacehe, or the Eaft Branch which I mentioned in my Defcription of the great River. And about i $ Leagues to the North Eaft of this Branch of the MefchAcebe^ is the Bay of BUocohy, which is, within a fair Harbour, with a fmall River felling into or near aa6^iitlni(ft»iii'- .■.-■>*-- -- — ■ ■'-'■' «tt^ -'f^^'^ near ] and t but c Foot wg» Bay, ning ( and I( vided turn'd ments Bilocoi that 1 Enoliji and ai about! and n Oui Ipnd, other a Mil Iflandj goodi Iflands and b SO Mi from come tious,, ibme ] ? Leaj F^tlioi n ' V A with tivv Main, ? between them, not go. Thcfe 50 or 60 Miles, r Mouths of the there muft be ig defended from double Row of bly good Depths. 2 moll: Northerly, Hand, a moft fra- it 5 Leagues oft\ mes; it is about ues or more from Main. Between e Depths of Wa- Fathom. Rofe- nd full of Wood, c difficult to go e Iflands, meeting :liey had not much rhey turn'd round Q-Sea, pnd coaflred ;ry bold. Over a- North, about 5 Main-Land , is a ;re is the Entrance Eaft Branch which ption of the great igues to the North e Mefcharebey is the is, within a fair ver felling into or near C3O near it, call'd PaffagvuU, bordering on wliicfi and tlie aforcdiid Bay , is a fine Country^ but on the Barr there is not above 7 or 8 Foot Water. It was on the Continent ly-. ing, I think, on the Eafterly Part of this Bay, that Monfieur ^' Iberville in the Begin- ning of the Year 1700. built a fmall Sconce^ and left therein about Forty Men well pro- vided with Necellaries. He afterwards re* turn'd twice to t^ranee for further Reinforce* ments, but on his Third Voyage back to- Bilocohi he died. The Frtmh being about^ that Time hotly engag'd in. a War with the Englijh and their Confederates in Etdropty tliis and another fn?^ll Settlement, they had there^ abouts, were d^ferted, for Want of timely and necefTary Supplies. Our Ship palVd on the Eaft-fide of MirtU^ IJlofid, which is 24 Miles long, and, Three other Iflands, tliere being Openings between a Mile or 2 over. The Fourth and Laffe Iflandj is the broadeft and higheft, and a good Mark to find the Mefchafebc. Thefc Iflands lie all together in sl direft Line Soutl^ and by Weft, Eaft and by North, at leaft SO Miles, anc} have all along, 2 Leagues of^ from 5 to 9 Fathom Water. When you come to the Fourth Ifle you imift be cau- tious,, the Sounding being uncertain; for fome Points of SancI ftretch out into the Sea- ? Leagues, and varies the Depths from 9. FAtIaom§,to 4, then 8, 9, all at once. Be- tween. ;-i.a*fttr'-|-rifca-^j,. (sO tWcen this Ifland and the Main, is a Paf- iage 2 Leagues broad, which leads into the great Bay from which they came. The Length of the Bay from North to South is one entire Degree. They went divers Lea- gues up it, and found deep Water ; b\it af- terwards it Shoaling, they came down South, and doubled the Cape, where the moftEaft- erly of the Three great Branches of the Mep- ehdcehe enter'd the Seaj which, with the Two others to the Weft, I defcribed before, when I gave an Account of the Mouths of that River* Altho' the Latitude and Longhude' of the MouUis of the Mefchacebe were perfeftiy known, yet it is almoft impoffible, in the Common Way of Sailing to come at them ; for if you go never fo little to the South, you will be driven by a very ftro'ng Cur- rent to the South- Weft 2 Miles an Hour, tiU you come to the Bottom or Weft-End of the Gulph of Mexico-, to prevent which you muft make the Main of Vlorida in about JO Degrees of Latitude. The Land is fo very low you can fcarcely fee it, at 4 Leagues diftance, where there is 4$ and 50 Fathom, but 10 Leagues off, there's no Ground at 100 Fathom. PenpcoU is the iiloft convenient Place to fall in withall ; and to be fure of that, your beft Way is to make the Tonu^a Iflands, which are Seven, and but few Leagues diftance to the N< W. from the Cape of I'.oridaf and the little Iflands whichf Whic!: Torfuf 94 b They l;epre( and ! Monti tic, w ordina and a men; Salt, I Water leave 1 Couffi is N. Shore Leagui Fathor ver of Leagu( ing a: fandy ; Land i bout I Entrani in whi frcflit low Ift S. W. iiighW 4ain, is a Paf- :h leads into the :y Came. The orth to South is ^ent divers Lea- Water ; b\it af- ime down South, re the moftEaft- iches of the Mep- h, with the Two ►ed before, when Mouths of that Longhude' of the ? were perfeftly npoffible, in the come at them ; le to the South, /ery ftro'ng Cur- Miles an Hour, im or Weft-End :o prevent which f hlorida in about The Land is fo ly fee it, at 4 there is 45 and Bs oif, there's no nficola is the nloft 1 withall; and to Way is to make I are Seven, and ) the NiW. from the little Iflands whicbf ( 33) which Ue before it, c^l'd Los Msrtjiris. The Tortufd Iflands lie between the latitude Of 84 Degrees, and from j$ to 50 Minutes. They are not in a Rotmd, as commonly ^eprefented in Charts, but bear ahnoft N. and South. If you come there in the Months of Afril^ Maj^ or the Beginning 0$ June, you will find great Numbers of Tur- tle, which are then in good Plight, extra- ordinary good Food both frefh and falted, and a wholfome Change of Diet for Set^^ men; afterwards they will not well take Salt, decaying and running into a GeDy Qt Water, and before ?«// is expir'd quitte leave the Iflands 'till the next Year. The Courfe from the Tmugn Iflands to FenpeoU^ is N. 44 W. diftance 158 Leagues, the Shore bold, bearing Eaft and Weft. Nine Leagues from the Land you will have « Fathom Water, but if you make the Ri- ver of the CoxJs or Comj[m which h i6-f Leagues, and a very remarkable Place, be-^ ing a fpaciOiis large Opening, having a fmall fandy Ifle in the Middle, you'U find the Land ftrctch fiaft and Weft, and withio a- bout 18 Leagjues you will fall in with A//>- tU-t/tofut, which, with the Main, makes the Entrance into the great Bay of Spirito Samo* m which Ifle, as I Ikid before, is very good frefli Water. This with Five or Six ot^ low Ifles, run in a Range 14 Leagues, mi S. W. from them, about $ Leagues, ijp Wgh Woods J Stand over fbr the Sotllth ?5mI I (34) of thefe Woods until you come to 4/11- thom,,, there caft your Anchor, and fend vour Boat to a low Point along the Shore to the Southward. In 5 Foot Water you will find a fmall Branch of the River > row jup it, the Current, will carry you to the Barr, where you may take your Marks for the Entrance into it. Perhaps fome Times tjie Waters may be fo low that you cannot bafe this Ch^pnel: In Cafe this fhould hap- Sn (which^I foppofe it feldom or never doth) then run by the Soundings of the Shore, in $ or^6 Foot Water, and keep that Pepth tin you come to the Pitch of the Eaft Cape, where >you will find the Eafterly BrancVm 14 or 15 Foot Water : Then row lip, take your Mar^s» return, and place two Buoys, and yqu miy carry your Ship m fo thq . River very fafely , as you may per-ceive by the Draught. The Ome or file tiautioDk muft te us'd, for eritermg into pither of th^ other Mouths, to ' Wp near Sie Shore, a^d by -anchoring ftpp the Tide d" Ebb. 'There is a Bay, whch our^en in tlv5 ^hip, calW SattW^ter Bd) j. Thgr who JWcnt to the Head of ,it , Jrj^- IVatefyBay i a feeming_ Contrad#ion, but tos eafJy reconcU'd. This Bay tips betwfejii the Eaft. ar^d Middle great Branch pf the "SWer : the great Branches bring dpwd w SfifeaMe a' Qiwntity of Water, at;,the m, iA a ftrong Currrent, that th^n ^tlijp cidi Water enters the Sea 2 or^^Leag«es, '' and ■.«*, and b not IT wlu'ch who i find t at the out 01 fore ii Creek to 9, they e the R th / Mefehst Counti As aK and H lURO ti - .^ . HI ^.>ditti:«^>»ijk^w^ -> come to 4 Fa- nchor, and fend along the Shore Foot Water you 'the River i row arry you to the :e your Marks for [laps fome Times / that you cannot i this ftould hap- feldom or never Soundings of the :cr, and keep that the Pitch of the 1 BndtheEafterly Vatev; Then row rn, and place two ry yo\ir Ship in , as you may t. The fejne or , for entering into hs, to kigep near •ing ftpp the Tide , whiph our Men Vater Bd) i Ihey d of it , Frefi- :ontradiiaion, J&ut s Bay lies betwei^n »at Branch pf the es bring dow^ fp 3f Water; /^atr^tl^ rent, ttkt th^ai,t|ii ;a 2 or f Leagues, and (35) and between them the Sea enters this Bay, not mixing with the Waters of th» Rivers, wlu'ch are lo Miles diftant; fo that Ships, who anchor at the lower End of the Bay, find the Waters Salt ; but there is a Creefc, at the N. W. End of the Bay, which comes out of the Middle Branch, and a little be- fore it enters the Bay i» divided. This Creek hath from 8 Foot at the iballoweft to 9, lo and ii Foot Water, by which they entcr'd, out of Sdi.-lVattr Bmj ^ into the River. ; » > c H A ^ m. 1 ji Defer ipHon of the Sea-Coafiy the large Rivers y their Heais and Courfts^ beyond or to the Wefi ff Mefd^^c^. AVING made a faithful Narrative, from 'gooi Journals, and Itineraries t^ iSei) afnd Land, iof the grdffte Countries, People, Rivers and Harb6r3 , towards the Eaft belonging UMto this provffic^ which do not c()mmum- ' . ■, " Da catc .f» ( %6 y ate with it, I (hafl give a brief Rdato of wha#I liavc Icarn'd, concerning the Sea and Coaft thereof, beyond the Mtjth»c^jXQ the Weft, the Rivers belonging to d«sP^ ^ince, their Headi and Courfes, Hvhich en* ters not the i4$f€hMi^. When you tfrc pafi'd the Third orWeft* crly Branch of the MeffhMikty there prefents ft'sfelf a fair BaY going to the North • li> ^ whicK empties themfelves two of the finaller Branches of the great River, as may be difcern'd in the Chart. This Bay is bo- twten 20 and jo Miles deep, and very bold tt-th© Eaft, having from the Entrance un- tib the Bottom, frdm 25 to 6 Fathom jbiit is not in thofe Depths, above 7 or SMiles broad, a San4 running from the^fain 10 Miles South into the Sea, upon wfuch there Paritnel with hi& ft«^;J^ fc" * Mile to a Mile and a Halfdiftancc from tf, and two fkir; 'liciMeep Ci»cti4 eriter jt, ibnoft in the Middle, out of the Weft^ ltt«l» ft-anch of the Kim. Havmg |^| ails Shoal i» the M^Br thclauMlrum Jin(« diie: Eaft and Weft, having a: ball Co^, for a wo MilegJtuntll yoW come^td a grtit Shoal, where cherd h not abo««i 2 or j Fa- thom \^terv wfeh fcvcfabBreates. w PfcoplcM'd «2 tea^ on the S. fide of itoi great Shoal, always oot of * fi^« of J^» ^ U jnerciorci a brief Relation }iiccrning the Sea the MeJibMethey to nging to thisPh>^ cmrfes, Ivfakh en* te Third or Weft* tkty there prefents K> the North. ii> elves two ot the reat River, as may This Bay is bo* cep, and very bold I the Entrance un- to 6 Fathom -, bat bove 7 or 8 Miles I ton the Main )o , upon \^hich there wMidi yet oiir Ship ng. Atv the North le g^isat River runs n^ MiH from a [aU^diftance fiomie, to C^hn esfter it, ttt of the Wcfteriy m.^ Having mm\ heian^nins m0\ Eiving .ft: boU CotftJ U come, to ft grtBlt : abovft 2 or j Fft- etabBroftkers. Our i.^S. fide of this )f tiKl#€ ^ V / f ^:5 ^^^ *>.^^ ^v- 1.0 I.I |so ■"■ 1^ 2.0 1.8 ' |I.25||U ,,.6, < 6" ► Photographic Sciences Corporation 23 WEST MAIN STREET WEBSTER, N.Y. 145S0 (716)872-4503 ) C/u m CIHM/ICMH Microfiche Series. CIHIVI/iCMK Collection de microfiches. Canadian Institute for Historical Microroproductions / Institut Canadian de microreproductions historiques ^ w •' y*JthyM.'is^'J^^-%» ■"-'■■'■■ ' ^■^■■• ' ^■ ' '" thei nea gen tho ton reti Mej 1 ton Rh falc jver wil anc ga ab( Co \noa pul Vi! ot) fiv tio frc it(( bl< ce tit N SO ( 37 ) I therefore knew not the Breadth : They kept near the Latitude of 29 Degrees, the Deptlis generally as Mows, ?> 8> 9> 8, \^ J^' thorn : At length they came to the Bot- tom of the Bay orGulph, from whence they returnM unto the Wefteriy Branch of tl« MefehMteie. From the River Mefthktht unto the Bot- tom rf the Bay are innumerable fine finall Rivers, very pleafent: Great Store of Buf- faloes or wiW Kinc frequent them to the. very Sea-fide, as alfo Deer of divers Sorts, wild Turkies, and many other large Water and Sea-Fowl ; the Coafl: abounds with good Fifli; but I cannot learn there are above Four very large Rivers, and of long. Courfe. . - , >^ The firft and grcateft is tlut of the ^«tf- Xnottinnos, or of the Cofwii, a great and W)- pulous Nation, who dwell in Forty or Fifty Villages upon the Middle of this River, and others whrch run into it. They are about five Days Journ^ diftant irom the Habitat tions of the 8fmsirds and near ?oo Mifcs from the Sea, into whi^Oi the River enytks itfelf, about 8© Leagues to the Wei^ of the mrthutki' it is broad, deep, and Naviga* ble ahnoft to iK Heads, which chiefiy pro- ceed from the Ridge of HiUs that fepar^c this Pro/ince fit)m New Memo : And |t8 North Weft Branches, approach near the Sduth-Wcft Branches of the River of the [Hminf, There dwell lipon it, mprc tor . I iniiii II iJMlfwtil^-'ifc*!. .„ ■ ■-. ( 38 ) J ue TV/loutlu divers other Nations, who wWi divers other NatiorK ''^'"^^!: «n™ It is little k& than tlftt ot the /tP- SCU «nd » ttat bath itjSour.^."* irHkewifc from Ae N.W. \tmu « "»«» ''"'^;e«i this and «1»; aforeW^Rg etir^aOutUtes or C«ib» ,. hes the ^J the Bay of St. to.^ and a RiverjMt i^ S'm?^«"" t?BrdU'a Fort (afer STW ourUely, as it -is faid, overflwt th? i^ » Deflz*. ftdnl thenc* to vifit the |tei?:;f.^3oo.MU^d^. Baton, S^TtaS beidg.loif wirf^^P«jV aha tJeftreyiiig mny of his^Fcople, lie v^^ frds With Twti»ty chfl&n >4eft V^ by L whid barot lowei deftf< the J fdird At (heP fame iairief and i the ^ ai^ i End, is na It Rive Bolu whei the< mtMrti Mini betM (tate Nor tude incri Wai • It turn J other Nations* i^n, . WKjCpting the frif/ ian4 i^^iionHss ; sdHorfii*^ ^ . icrto the South of >f the Kjronmas^ itions dwett ther«^ in that .of the Z^- h itf Sourn asd ProviUons ; :tempt to engage tjifi Intcreft, jvho, ^^ noftal Eoenaies, con- liis infant Settlement, )f \m Fcople, he W that Enterprise. W P3! ( 3? > by Land in fearch of the River Mefehacebe, in which Attempt he krft his Life, b^feiebar- baroufly mUrther'd by" Ibiid^ o^ his own Fol- lowers. This Fort was foon aflfer takeii and deftfoy'd py the Sftmarii anc^ Inditms, aQ the Pr^wi^ remaining thcr^inj being either kiird or tti^dc Prilbflcrs. Abbut^ the feme Diftaiipe farther S. W. fe the River ^ the Bifc»pgrmt^s, which is of the fame lijagnitude with fhe form^,. haA t6e ianieCoSrc from the 1^. W. tp tlie S*a, and ids Heads from the ^me Mountains. Theteft River of NbtC;! K a kiverpf tttodi the fame Bigne& with rite twi) pr^cedin^, arid efttei-s the Bay of ;Mi^*rw at theN. W. End, between thit I%rfces of 47 aijd 28^ it is M|ii*d Motas. J" ' ? It may not be ami^-to njerttig»'artothM" River, which altho' it be not ^^itki^ ^ Bounds of this Colony, may l^.of Jjreat Vft, when ittis weU cftabliOi'dj |J^-'Reifon /$f the Conv«niency of Ti^ffick yfjmji» Sfm-* nUrdsi it being neat the afor^ia BiriwlBs Mines of New Bifia;, k hrgit J^Ovii<^ 1^ between Mexico and Mar Mixi^i ^ "^ (taiely River hath its FounttSii^^^ ig the Northerly Parts of Nei9 MixitdHnHoiiX-.^ ttide of j8 Degrees, and being gft^^pBy Increasy by the Gqnflux of ' many imall Wateri, becomes large and HavigajWC; tfll jt approaches the joth Degree*, then it ^urns to the S.H, and enters a Wfcel of high MountJiins, from whence it is no fur* P 4 ^^^^ ther Navigable ; It is call'd by th^Smiiris^ Rifirtvo, They d^ier in their ^Accounts herepC; fotoc amrpsjog it is fwallowM up In a hideous Qulph, and palTes Three Days Journey under the Earth) Uke their ^reat River QiidJiiMA in Sfsimy qH which their &- mous Embafladpr G«iNims there ^ith Two Ships: One iirenrtlii|4Q #»rch of ;► Sf^Mr^y bitt win ^not trouble mv Reader with the |l1:ic--<'*'4. ^'pi^0US. ' K ' " ■ ■ r C H 4 r (40 CHAP. IV. nA Defcriptm of the five great ilSeas or Lakes oj jrejb IVak ter\ which are to the North of this Trovince^'^'^dftd the^ Weft and North Weft ^ our other Tlantations^ mJ^ Ezfk Side of the River M^, (cha^ebe, ipith the Mtverk ff^^ into them, the O^^ tries hrd0ring therem^ am fbe feveral Nations^ Ij^^ dian3 Vibo mhakit ijbere^ " :''^:lfutr-oA \lh. Thipk k not iqeipedi^ to^ give 411 Account of the greia Seas Gtr l^fi^ of frefli ^ater, which ,a{i^^^fitl|e Nf^ J^.tbis pountrvi on the%ft ficfe of t|)c fftfikseeie , yf^^ tlidugh not in thci m lOHtNMfaAuqwMeiiinMwMi wtirn- ■««it£iw J blroad«ft/* is m about MDec, It is SiU over Navieabife, hath fome llies i but one efpcciilly ciU'd Mho^ -above 60 Mfles iii Compals, whei*iti,» both JttdisKS and fremh affirm, is a grear >to«! of very pure Copper, which from the Gar, affords without any Preparation befides (ji|l tini, above >i Fifths iirie Metal* It -W^] remarkable of thisSeii that oit aU%fi«*)^l JTide tiport the Shore, it is rtot abcrve" 4., p k l^atliom dcfep, an4 g^ftduaUy inqreafts a ' .■•:._'. ii: ' " ■ ydi t you J not fi It is rable Peer Nprtl Ifland amonj and Part ^rmc Httd/d This lie fi: Tge Lake, whofi ^nd 4 take the 1 ^yhic Qrigi The: inC< taiol) &iyei Geac Cd»M4 |4ke infi^r jn t fh^le ^' __l. '^Hrr-- 'W 'li rA i ^'*"**''' -' ^■■^"'■■'^^■•■'•■'<^^'*^*- ) Hi 11 M l \'m'iw'^fm "trim may prove very [nhabitanrs of this p Tork , PenplvMnUf who are not' ^e^y :m, and may have ), and confequently b tlut arc more re- lommunication with ! pnrfently difcernM li'jb Five. Wd the tiOn'd, it being of is ^all'd by raoit of of the NadoiteJfoHs^ aliant Nations' of the eral Tribes, who go 5 Lake is elteetti'd at LeWhi do L^igues Circumference. The reckon its^length is ;ry near ^i Pcgrees iaft End to the Weft. ^ i$ Ij^oadeft/* is in over NaVi&ablty hath peciilly ciU'd Mhofi^ mp&, wbel«iii,'botli •m, is a great 'Min« wliich from the Gar, •eparation. betides mel ic- Metal* It il^*v*r: that on all th« $6^1 It a riot abdve^ 4.0 g^ually in^eafts a (43) you pafs over to the North, until you can- , not iind Bottom with 150 Fathom of Line. It is mod wonderfully ftored with admi- rable Filh. and the Land about it with Peer and Elk, or Moofe , efpecially the NQrth fide. With this letter and fome Iflands, the Fretich drive a confidei'able Trade anpion^ the Natives, for Skins and Furrs; and ot late Years have intercepted a great Part of the more remote lndt*ns^ who us*d ^rmerly to TraflBck with the En^lijbf ift Hmifonh B^, it Port Ntlfim apd Mw Severn, This Lake. or Sea is made up of innumcrai hie finall Riv<;rs and Rivulets, and Three large Rivers, all on the, N6rth fide of the Lake, entering at the N. E. End thereof^ whole Names are Lemhiffdki, Afichiprket^ ^nd f/emfftigo^f yvhich laft proceeds out of ^ Lake, of the fame Name, full of Iflands ; at the upper End whereof, enters a River, ^yhich comes from the North, and hath k^ Qrigine froiQ divers fmall Lakes andMarfheS; The Lake ot Nemipigon is above 2op Mil^ li^Comgals, The Barron ie Homtn is cer- tainly milhiken about the Original of this Riyer, aiid makes it vaftly bigger than it is ; He accounts it the Head of the great River of Cansda or St. iMtrence, and to come out of thp Lake of the JJfenipouvals ; but I have t^eea 5iform*d by a l^eifon who liv'd two Years jn tliofe P^, and liad often been upon |h?fe t^yo Lakes, that the Lake of the ^^- nt foil Alios (fof dial is^tlie trne Name) whidi 15 mliitmatmm (44) is copfidcrable tp tlic N, W. and as the tif^Ms often affur'd, was the biggcft Lake in aji tliis Northern ^OTixmtxa.j had co Commu- Qicatioa with that of Nemififon, The N. W, of this Lake Suferiour or of the NAioueffom^ h mat above to Leagues in a ftrejght Line , from the Lake of Nmifigon -, but the CommDnfcation by Land is difficult , by iLeafon fhe ^th abounds with Bogs and lilarlhes. ': The great pr fuperior Lake empties itfelf into that of KjregnonH or th^ deep Lake , ft being in moft Parts more profound than the Three we {hall hereafter itiention. For- merly it was call'd the Lake HounoHdgte^ |5rom a great Nation, who inhabited on its jSaft fide, nam'd from theii' brifly ,Hair on their Head, HMro»s^ fince totally deftroy'd (7/r. TheN, W, 3? the N^doueffoHs^ n aftrejght Line, ifigon ; but the I IS difficult , by ds with Bogs and Uike empties itfelf yc the deep Lake , tore profound than fter itiention. For- lake HounofulMtef 10 inAiabited on its eir brifly.Hair on :e totally deftroy'd rtiote Parts by the the Fiaure of an lofe Ba& is to the divers Sorts of Wt all,efpe(iiallyalarg^ the Bigneft of M#- Fifh is the Mmmm vhich inliabit about ?ir Subfiftance. And , who have eaten not ill ^as or Ri- ore wholfotne Fifh, iich as of Codd on df and n^v^r to »be le(5?n'd. (45) lefTenM. Befides thefe, there is Abundanos of good Sturgeons, Salmons or Salmon Trouts, weighing from Twenty to Fifty Pounds, large Carps, and many other Kinds of Fifli, fmul and great, not in&rk)r to any in Europe, The kihabitants almoft round this Lake are moftly deftroy'd by the Iro* nisy except a fmaU Remnant of Two or Three Nations, who have, with the Help of the trrfichy ereded a ftrong Fort, near ano- ther built by that Nation for a Refuge to their Allies and Traders, when the Jrocait happen to invade thefe, or the adjacent Parts. This Lake hath many lilands, efpe- cially on the North Gde^ where the great- eft Fifhery is for the Jffi^ndo^ but none at Msifitousl/ff, which is 20 Leagues long and Id broad,, lying dire^y over againu tlie COiitinent , from whkh it is only 6 or 7 LMgues diftant ^i^w The Nortb,.jL... ■■-11 M . / itii.iiii'irA'' gret River of the Otaouieks, once a great Nation, but now almoft extirpated by the aforefaid Iroeoit , which after a Courfe of 100 Leag. brings you to thclfland and City of MofttredHf the next for Bignefs and Strength to (^e^ee, the Capital of CsMdd*^ and tliere joins with the great River of St. Laurence ; from the Jun£kurc of thofe Two Rivers to QuehUy is 60 Leagues. Both Sides of the River are inhabited all the Way in Plantations very little remote from each other ; bcfides Two or Three fmall Towns and Fortifications. Such another Communi- cation there is, though much more eafy, of which I Ihall difcourfe at large, when I come to defcribe the lovely J^enmfuU of Towards the lower 2nd of the South- Weft Continent, is the lairge and feir^Jay of SskinAm , which is about Fifty MiW ^Qcp and 18 wide, and ih the Middle of 8ie Opening are Two Ifles' Vei7 advan- fageoufly fituated, for Ihdtring Boats or 6- %\mT Veffels, that happen to be fuipnzd iwith aStorm»5 there being no other Har- tour within divers Leagues. Into the Bottort ^ this Bay empties itfelt} after a Courfis of.^o Ixagues, averyftill qmet Stream, excepting Thrtc fmaU FalU, pafe'd eafily and witlKWt «he Icaft Danger. On this River aod tbc Branches theitof, is oiic of the jF«ff* :Beavour HuntiUKS in AMern*y^'i '5*'*^ lieagues from ^ Bay x^ tho'SoOmi-EAft, I' this 1 Circi Erit when ofth towa or I Breai Leag till ^ the' and Degi due Pouii C6ui Bay, Leaf trani Bott ter rem whc ISA lov^if Cl9,r '•••' m ^ ) teks, once a great fc extirpated by the after a Courfe of the Ifland and City : for Bignefs and Capital of C4»4^, 5 great River of St. aure of ihofe Two Leagues. Both Sides ted all the Way in remote from each Three fmall Towns i another Communi- I much more eafy, rfe at large, when ; lovely FemiffiiU of| 2nd of the South- : laiTge and fair Bay is about Fifty Mila id ih cfa«i Middle* of Ifles' Vei7 advan- Iheltring Boats or 6- pen to be futprizM being no other Har- gues. Into the Bottoih E, after aCourlcof^o net Stream, excepting ^*d eafily and witlKMC this River aod tWc , oiic of the gr«»eft iv t^'the' Soutfi^fi^ui this (47) this Lake, which is above 400 Leagues la Circumference, empties itfeif into the Lake Erie by a Channel, which I (hall defcribc, when I have given an Account of the Lake of the jUsMOuecht which is to the Weft of Kjregttondi^ and communicates therewith 9 towards the N. W. End, by a Strcight, 9 or 10 Miles long, and 3 or 4 broad. Thp Breadth of it on tlie North Coaft, is 4b Leag. but it ingreafes gradually in Breadth, till you come to the Bottom of the Bay. the North-fide is in the Latitude of 4^ and Jo Minutes ; the South ia almoft 4^ Degrees. Forty Leagues from the Entrance due Weft, it makes the great Bay of the toutououmis^ a Nation who inhabit a large Cbuntry upon, and to the South of th^ Bay, which is 8 Leagues broad , and j^ Leagues deep. South and by ^Yeft, the Enr trance being full of Inlands. And into tftp Bottom comes the fair River Mjfeou*qufy ^ ter a Courfe of 200 Mfles. This River jjs remarkable upon, divers Accounts : FjWt when you are ^fcended it 50 Leagues, these is a Carriage of a little above a Leaguf and a half; afterwards you meet with the lo\^(^ty River 'w^p^i'^^j which carries you do^iji iJito tlie McJehAcehe, as I before d^r da,r*d.. Next vp)^ this River efpecially near tii Carriage, is ja Country famous for Bmt '&r nuomgf il^ff that of Sikinam. yO|l \fM }f»ow„ lliat moft Parts .of Nmh-^m^ ^' 1^^^ "Btdvours ; you fhait icarce meet with j^:i jtB,*!'- Jw»*A*^*- ■■ * .lit*' »»irlWllftni(lllitl ( +8 ) with a take, where th«e are pot fome of JS Etams and Hutts. 6ut thefc two Haces I'^Jr^tioaM, and others I M fo^k «f r«.reafter. ate Countries 40 or ^^ Miles ?nna a^Ldhig with fmaU Rivers and Ri- ^^Ijs, SXhey make their Dam. ^ Owfways -, and confequendy fmall Lak«, W oppc^rtunely for Wood to build, tod Se^pkntifutfy fuch Plants *nd young ?^s, uS)n which they moftly fubrift. This layTffefeM by the i^duAnom a^^^^^^^ liant NauoB of the Outpgsmy. Thirdly, ihB fcver^id others entering thereinto, abound fc That Cora calfd Mdfmin, which grom SraS better, than either that, or hd,.n gSn, ^ is tlK cWef Food of many Na- Sms hereabouts and elfewhcre. The Natl- SS who dweU on tim River, are 0«r^^ ihs Potttowstmis beforemenuon d. ^ %nThe fiaft-fide of this lake, about 20 l^ues from the Streight by which it en. 1^K/,re0MO04b\ i$ a Bay ^ird Besr %, S aR^er of the feme Kame, l^jj^o^ Salt Sbcrs of thofc Anibals, who hiunt Siofe Parts. This River conaes out of a Ridge of Hill* near 100 Lcapiw ton^ be ^Se almbft at the NoSh End^^ leiSi, out of which flow abuhdancc ^Ja Rivets •, thofe, whpfe Coudb k^ the I of th of H liciou vei a Beave. tion'd of 4< the 1 Is a there Leagi cagou. the^ Bram theE the fs caufe the { withj Bran( itsSp Rivei lieur Rivei findii and 1 pleaC midi* in, I ingt Irocoi iMiM#kiiife4l ) e are not fomtf of ut theifc two Places thers I fliall fpeak cs 40 or 5» Miles nail Rivers and Ri- nake their Dams or uently fmall Lakes, /'cod to build, slnd Plants and young moftly fubrift. This B induitrious and va- igsmu. Thirdly, This I ig thereinto, abound omin^ which grows f wet Places, as Rice \CarolifiM, &c: But Its, only longer, big- jithcr that, or I»mm\ Food of many Na- fewhcre. The Nati- s River, are Oittos^i ^msUmmucm^ Satkjii and nentionM. thislAke, about 20 ieht by which it en- &y ^ird Be-r B-r, tne Name, bcaufeof b Anihials, who hiunt ivcr conaes out of a )o Leagues tong, be- 5 North End of this iich flow abuhdaricc 5, whofe CottT^ is JO ( 49 ) . the Eaft, empty themfebes into the Lake KjiregnondL Tliofe to the Weft, into that Of the Alimuecks. The Top of this Ridge of Hills is flat, from whence there is a de- licious Profpeft into both Lakes , and le- vel as a Taraffe-Walk. There is a great B^^wr Hunting, likethofe I formerly men* tion'd, upon Betr River, Which hath a Courfe of 40 or 50 Leagues. On the Weft-fide of the Lake, before you come to the Bottom, is a Harbour capable of fmall Ships ; and there enters into it a fmall River, which at 2 Leagues diftance, approaches the River Che' ugou^ the North Branch of the River of the Allinouecks , which is , from the main Branch of the faid River 50 Miles. Near the Bottom of the Bay on the Eaft-fidcj is the fair River of the Wmihai (fo call'd be- caufe upoii it lives Part of a Nation bearihg the fame Name) which in itsPaflage comes within 2 Leagues of the great Eafterly Branch of the River of the Allinomch^ and its Springs are very near the Head»6f fome Rivers which enter thd Ouahacbi. Mon- fieur de U Sidle on his firft Arrival in this Riter, which was about the Year 16^9! finding it admffably wiH fitiiated for Trade, and the Country lurrounding it extremely pleafant and fertil, artfully eain'd the Ter* miffion of the Natives to build a Fort there- in, lihder the fpecioiis Pretence of proted- ing them from the Iniults of the £/»?///» and Imoh, whom he reurefented as cruel and k treadle-, ( 50 ) treacherous Enemies , continually plotting the Deftruaion of tbcm, and all the Iftdtam round about. In this Fort was/ormf ly a great Magazine and Storehpufe for allSor l{ European Good^ and hither the Traders and Savages continually reforted to purchafe them. It comnwnded the Entrance into the Lake, and kept all the Neighbouring M. Mm m Awe and Subjeaion. Nations to the Weft of tills Lake, befides the beforcmen. tion'd, are Part of the Outogxmiu Msjcou. urn mAKikfoHZ', then jlie ^//^^t'^ the UM'hia, and> little to the South-Weftof the Bottom of thisUke, and nic^e to^he Norths the A'^phontifls, and Part of the mi- cosa^s, near the River Mtfm[tng, The Countries furrounding this Lake, efpeciaUy towards' the South, are verv (tharramg to the Eye, tbeMeadows, l^r«it-Trees and For- rXtogether vfi^ the Fowls, wild Beafts, ^f. afforW ino^tThin^sncc^ffanr .for the Support ^n^Coml^t of Life, befid^ Inf L Com. with wtach the Naavcs abound ; and EMfopeM Fnuts, Grains ^ aw? jU other Sgiil Vegetables, by Reafon duce admirable Vines, which being duly cuH tivated, excellent Wines might be made o thp Fruits thereof, they growing natural}: ia va ping' others Grape folly a Mid they i others Stone: certai ture. Bi'anci and c ingai: Th fpecia finite dreds Part live t iag la their Way 6 or frcfli, not I uie tl Hides into wher they Houfi Eer ) ontinually plotting ind all the Ittdiam rt was formerly a shoufe for all Sorts lither the Traders eforted to purchafe le Entrance into the Neighbourmg W- on. Nations to the ides the beforcinen- : OutogamUf MaJ'cou- I the Ainoves^ the ) the South-Weft of !, and more to the ind Part of the Maf er Mifcovfng. The lis Lake, efpecially e very ctharming to Fruit-Triees and For- 5 Fowk> wild Beafts, igs ncc^ffary .for the )f Life, beGdes h^ the Natives abound ; ains^ and all other Bleafon oS the Good vlildaeis of the Cl^ thrive there, as well tries. But above aH, ; Countries bordering urallydifpos'd topro- which being duly cul es might be made o ey growing naturally (50 ^n vaA Numbers of divers Sorts, fome ram- ping up to the Tops of the higheft Trees ; others rummig upon the Ground ; The Grapes are fome very fmall, others wonder- fully large, big as Darafons, and many of a Middle Size, of divers Colours and Taftes ; they are all good to eat, only fome, which otherwife promife very well , have great Stones or Kernels and tough Skins, Which certainly would be remedied by due Cul- ture. But of the worft doubtlcfs good B^-andy might be made, were there Artifts arid convenient Veflels for prefling, ferment- ing and diftilling* There ramble about in great Herds, e- fpecially about the Bottom of this Lake, in- finite Quantities of Wild Kine^ Some Hun- dreds ufually together, which is a great Part of the SublSlancc of the SaVages who live upon them while the Seafon of Huntt- ing lafts ; for at thofe Tim«s they leave their l^owns quite empty. They have a Way of preferving their Flelh without Sale 6 or S Months, which both looks, and eats fo frefh, Strangers 'apprehended the Cattle had not been kill'd one Week. Belides, they ufc the Hair, or rather Wool, cut off heir Hides, for Garments, and Beds, and fpin it^ into Yarn, of which they make great Bags, wherein they put the Flefli tliey kill, after they have cured it, to bring Home to their Hpufes ; iyt their Huntings are from the hixer liJAd of Amumrr, when the Cattle are *^ E 3 lat, I#- ■ ftt, to the beginning of '''t ^Pfe'/jf, of the Hides drefs'd they make Slioes Jl' ^' But' its Time we (hould return to the l.^lT K.'r'g>>o«M, which empties itfeH mto The l^eU, by a Cham^eljo leagues lone, and, where narrowed » L=>,ef f"^",' in the Middle Whereof is a fmaffUke, cat kdb5theW««, O'fik', •°1^,B-!°'>S 'f^ T^i over, b^ing of an Oval Figtire. In 4is Lake aAd Cfcl, are divers fmaH Iflands, exceedingly pkafant and fru«f.J, ^ which, and all the Country, o» ^* *'^^ of them, are §'«" Qi'T^'5» /^ ^tSr ™ towL as Deer of feveral Kinds, «"« Tui" Whichthey taB e/»f.V. The Lake &« . about 256 Leagues long, and almoft equat I 40 broad. ' Eight Leagues from its *touth irefeightflrTentftinds, moft of them fn^l ; Onfil the Middle is 5 or 6 Mil^ m Or- -tumferwce, and all very agreeable. Near ^r& on the WeMde, is alarge Har- Kor Ships, defended f'om moft Wm<^ ■made like our Etowns by a §«»' »^V™ Sand; tho' Winds fddom mleft t^^Lafc^ in Relpea of the others; where fom«ime thev Rage as in the Main Ocean, fo that « 5 b^defervedly. *»1M the ^ci^ I^; And if we may give Credit to the Keiati onTof the &«i/r who liave long fre^»tri it, and unanimouHy agree li"-ein, there B nit a more pleafant Lake, or Cou«tty|¥^ round! deed I Places being Water feaiy; for Til One \ Work the C might; dance-i felves 1 connd( Leagu the Be that h Head wliich the m (hort whicli Fife fame ver m and a every the w Att Third the gt Part ( itfeif ) the Spring, anil make Slices AU lid return to the empties itfelf into lannel 30 Leagues ft a League broad; 5 i fmallLake, cal- , loLeag.long and an Oval Figure. In are divers fmall ant and fruitful, in itry, on both Sides itities of Beafts and I Kinds, wild Tur- irge excellent Fowl, The Lake Erie is , and almoft equal- ^esfrom its Mouth moft of them fmall; or 6 Miles in Cir- rV agreeable. Near >fide, is a large Har- sd from moft Winds, by a great Bank of )m infeft this Lake, s; where fometimes lain Ocean, fo that it 'd the Pacifick Lake. Credit to the Relati- have lon^ frequented yree herein, tnere is ake, or Country fvir- i rounding (53) rounding it in the Univerfe. It is not in- deed fo dec? as the others, yet is in aU Places Navigable by tlie g^eatelt Ships, there being feldom lefs then io or 1^ Fatliom Water. The Land round about /t i:^ per- fectly level , abounding with Trees , both for Timber and Fruity lb happily placed that One would be apt to apprehend it to be a Work of great Art, and contrived to declare the Grandeur and , Magnificence ot' fome mighty Emperor, and not of Natui'e. Abun- dance of fmall pretty Rivier^, difcferge thcm^, felves thereinto, amongft whjch are Four very confiderable and remarkable. One abput ip Leagues from the Entrance of the Cf na|, m^ the Bottom of the Wpft End of the Lake, that liath a Courfe of 6o> Leagues, and its. Head very near the River of tlie Miamihaty which runs into the Sw E. Side of the Lakp of i\\Q lllinouecksy by Means whereof there is a ftiort and eafy Communication therewith , which by Water is aboye 600 Miles. Fifty Miles further to the Soujh, at the fame Weft End of tliis Lake, is another Ri- ver much of the fame Bignefs and Lcngt^ j and about and between thcfe two Rivers, every Year in the Se^fon, are Mu)|jtudes ot the wild Kine caird C#^«/<«f« rf,vv'; At the S. E. End pf the Lake there is a Third River wW^H lias its Rife very neaiv the gteat ^ufquehnMib River, which waters Hri o{ Pettftlvoffu, and afterwards, empties jtfeif into tlie North-Eiid of the Bay of 5 J ^hefii *;) 4 4 '4 ■#■3 .. ^i^.,.i.;-ft;'A,;|;f; . llfcjJt.^U - ...■■I J. „ .„.■ mfm ( 5+ ) Cfer«w«t in M'hUimI. And 20 Leagues S, WeSv I another 6ir River which comes Sr : ^e is At die North-Baft End of this 1-aKe b an^h* Cwl 40 Mil^ k»gr ^-l « -^f Places a Ijeaeue broad, calld by the JNa, &t,];*^'havins adeUcau leyel^:, taw, fe«a Country on «chS>de of it .but bdne Pafe'd about ttyo Thifds of the Way, rfe^Ki-d by mighty RofkS' ^. R": World; Thfc lying witliia five or fix i)aysl ^ney rf^/*i»; and AVftfiif^^-U, (two ?^ CTe Town/ana portification. ol /^- ■JOTlri^'^a ^^^^^i^jHUbk -i- u,l<«l| ) id 20 Lcaguesr S, iver which comes leCouiitry; from from a Lake, is the River Hohh , h of the aforefiiid )ut I League, tion'd Rivers, m ly and eafy Com* [ confcqueatly with the FreiKh fhoul4 I for above Twenty raured, but have wonderfiiUy fruftra, bjeas or Allies, they by thcmfelvcs and eso( Nitv-Torkj Peti- ginidy which, I hope jofHisMajefty and iJy prevented, nd of this Lake is i long, and in moft , called by the Na. I delicate leyd, beau- each Side of it; but Thiyds of the Way vty Rocks, and pre lundred Fect^ being that h?|th ever yet ledge, in the v^hoie tliin five or fix E)aysl Schem0ed4y (tWQ rc- ?ortificationi ol N*"*- Tprk) (5$) Tork^ and adjacent unto our Confederates or Subjefts the five Nations, (by the Befuh caird Iroeou} efpfecially the Sonmrntovam (by fome naiti'd Senteaes ) the moft populous of the five. I have receiv'd an Account from divers Perlbns, who have with great Atten- tion and Curiofity view'd it, luifing very Well with the Delcription Hknnefin gives thereof. Who had been thbrc feveral Times. The Noife of fuch a Multitude of Waters falling from fo great a Height, is fo ex- traordinary, that altho' the Country is very pleafant, level and fruitful below the Fall , yet the Sonmntovans were not able to bear jt, but were forc'd to remove and fettle 2 Leagues tower. I have had it from very cre- dible People, that when the Wind feti due South, they have heard it diftinftly above ?o Miles. The River , as inay be eafilv imagin'd, below this Cataraft, is very ripid, for the Space of j or 4 Miles; then for 6 or 8, is more placid and navigable, tiiltil it enters the Lake O/itarh, #hieh is 80 Leagues loBg, and in the Middle ^Y or jo broad, being of an Oval Figure. The Nalme of this Lake itf the /r«r«>^iigutge (tfet Nation bordering upon it to the SoMi^ iignifics the pleafant or beautiful Lake, asic may be defervedly ftil'd ; the Country round it being very clampain, fertil, and every 2 or 5 Miles Watet'd with fine Rivulets : It has on the South-fide three fair Rivers; tlwt next the Fall coming out of the Cotin- E 4 try _iuiiMS,>, iiifi ii'i'^V iMi hn ' iiMfr wMtfJ*'^***" -_ V m t ti , \''r &.ji».4M»i&:asm. ' -^m^ ni miM .^ ($files frpiji th^Jittle Lake whence Jt derives its Origin. , ' „ . . twenty Leagues to the Eaft, is another River fomewhat lefs, , but Navigable by Sk)ops,andkr^c*?^ts ale Way .into the Country. . . ^ ■. About the fern? Di(Hnce hkcwifc? to the Eaft, tl|e Lal«e forms a great Riy^, which tlie French call tlie River of the hotou^W the Natives KjMMdariy which for the Space p^ 60 Miles is very broad, fuU of fii^e Iflai^s^ and runs cj^mtV} i then is i^itfrrupf- feiiT '"_:^'t ''jf-^^^^-^^ ...jab*- . wmmsmmrmmmmm^f^^^ ) II I ni l ■ , the Middle one its Origin from a i of their Capital up of many little leing 40 ]\liles in g \yith Fiih of di- !>alt-fpring? ?ntring hath pals'd a Mil? (res another coming ie Province of the K)i|rs to the SonMfh y the Head pf thi? o Miles lower it is R.iver, which comes the Country of the c Nations, fituated id the Mohacksf (who f on a fair River, urfe of I op Miles, ar Midtiy. The Ri- enters th^ Lake On- ^little Lake whence (he Eaft, is another but Navi^ble hy , a confider^ilc Way ancc likewifc} to the great Riy^, which rer of the 7»w(W«pi)iit Y^hich for the Space broJKi, fuU of fii^c ly i then is i^itfrrupf- (57) ed in its Courfe by divers Falls fticceflivc- ly ; fomc very deep and k)n^ , for above 100 Miles, until it meets with the great Hiver of the OutouMeks^ at the End of the Ifland and City of Montreti, apd together with that makes the River of CMtudu or St. iMurenee^ fo nam'd by the freneh, becaufe difcoverM on the D^y dedicated to hi); Me« morial. The North-part of the Lake Ontmo was formerly poflefs'd by Two Tribes of the IroeoiSf who were in Time of perfect Peace, without the leaft Provocation, but only to get their Country, deftroy'd, cnflav'd, or lent CO franee^ and put into the GallicQ { of which you piay read at large in the Journals of the iSaron U Homstf, an imparr tial and judicious Author , who faw and relates that Tragedy with much Indigna«» tion. ! i The Natioa of the koeoit, as they ^r^ caird by tlie BW^, for yrhat Reaibn I could never learn, who inhabit the Soutlh* part of the Country arc ftil'd by the Etu^ iiflfj the five Nations, bein^ fo many, (U- ftin£fc in Nanii$.and Habit^ions, from each other ; But Ifiagu'd by a mpft (trift Confc- deraqr , like the Cantons of SmzerU/id , which they frei|uently in a very folemp manner rerieiyJ; Efpecially fiftce the Preiteh gt?ew powerfiil in their Neighbourhood • They have always been an excellent anfl fcful mrricr bci^^o V5 ^^ ^^^^9 ^"*B i&^i: r.a,h:. . ■ .a-»JJSi.,., L^. 1)1 Bill ij||H|iB«« ( 58 ) ready, on all Occafions, upon the "loft (lender Invitations, and tlic leaft Afliftance, to moieft and invade them, unto whom, they arc the moft irrcconcileabie Enemies, and I tliink upon good Grounds ; although the French fay the hardeft Things imaginable againft them ; but I believe unto any im- partial Judges, theywill appear more blame- able themfelvcs. The Original of this En- mky proceeded from the French, who, about 100 Years fince, fettled at the Place, now their Capital, ctiWd H^ehcck. Th^Jroc^^ Icnowing of the Freneh little Habitation (where were not above Forty Men) came according to their ufual Manner, being a- Ijout 200 o^ rffcir prime Youth, under an efteemM Captain to war againft the Ai^on- quins, then t vety populous Nation ; and to fljew their Contempt of them , made a Fort on the South-fide of the River , befott they who dwelt on the NortWide could eather into a Body, Their Habltat^ ons 0? Vinages being fomewhat remote frofti each other: But having drawn their forces together in great Numbers, they at- tackM thtlfMiU who alt^atj: valiantly re- puls*d them, H^kh great Ldfes to their E- nemics and little uilCD themfelves. Where upon the Mgonkins had fcW^ unto the l^ench, defirtag they would affift them Witn their Thunder ancf Lightnhi^^ darting En- gines. They readily cofflply'd, and did fiich Execution with their Ouns, (which be- ing a rathei comfi togiv trymc the St Mea(i this^ betw( moft ous I endea hithei EngUl Amm with They withe otlicr Hnce been Til m^ ot, aj Que] and t us tt ^ytJ FQr , ^tl ) upon tlie mod le leaft Afliftance, m, unto whom, icileable Enemies, rounds ; although Things imaginable ^e unto any im- ippear more blame- riginal of this En- Frenehj who, about at the place, now fbeck. The Jrocois little Habitation Forty Men) came Manner, being a- j Youth, under an againft the Al^oft- ilous Nation; and ; of them, made ide of the River , on the Northrfide jr. Their Habitati. fomewhat remote hj^vittg drawn their c Numbers, they at- alti^ays: valiantly re- c Lolfes to their E themfelves. Where I fccourfc unto the 3Uld affift them with ghtnifl^ darting Eo- cofftply'd, and did Kir 6uns, (which be- ing I iCiiiiifi I Hili'-iirl-' (59) ing altogether new and very furprizing or rather attonilhing) thgf the irocots were dif* comfited, not al^eTwo or Three efcapiiig to give an Account thereof to their ownCouni> trymen, who by Tradition have propagated the Story to Pofterity ; which may, m fome Meafure^ e^cufe the irreconcikable Enmity, this Nation h^th conceived againli the frettch^ between whom there have bMeen f^rmprly al- moft conftant Wars, accompanied with vari- ous Events; The hrenth with their Allies endeavouring to extirpate them, who have hitherto bravely defended themfelves ; the Efiglijb for their Purrs fupplying them with Amniunltion, and during Time of War with the Freneh, powerfully afTiiling them. They have been a very ufefiil Barrier, and without their help Nm-Torky and probably otli^r Neighbouring Provinces, had bng Hnce been ix>flefsM by the trench^ having been very denderly aided from EngUnd, The fr*mh m m tlieir Writings concern- ing Csfiaddy n>ake many tragical Relations off and Exclamations a^ui;ift the barbarous Cruelties of this Nation exercised upon theip. and tl^e M^u^s tlmr AUics; b^t feldom tell us tt^t the Vf ry &me Tbiags are pradiic'd [>y diemfelves aiid their Jfrdtans againft the Jfficoisy and often during Time oi Peace . For when tlie hoeth or five Nations, as we ^ theiSf weri^ at^dQn*d by Order of King ChdrUs^ 11. towards the ktter End of his ftei^n, and ^uri^g ^e whote Reign of K, k>MU«{s&«^';3 •»^"»^ (. tally deftroy'dj or fubjcaed unto the trtneh^ which, as I hinted before in the Preface, would have been of dreadfbl COnfequence to divers of our EMgliff Colonies, on the Continent. Tis true, the Iroeois have extirpated or fub)caed jfcveral Nations of Iniums round about them; but it hath been either bccaufe they were in Confederacy with their Enemies, dcftrov- cd their Country, murther*d their People, Jiinder'd them in their B^-vrr Hunting Cwithout which they could not fubfift) or fornifh'd their Enemies with Furrs, which oocafion'd the increafing the Numbers of the Bench froxti hdnee, and confequently threatned them with utter Ruin, when U- ■fiada fhall be more populated from EMrojtf. So that certainly tlie Meafures they take for their own Prefervation and Security , arc more innocent, and cxcufable, tlian thofe have been by the FrtMcl; Fprty Years laft paft, exercis'd in EMrope, whofe Wars have according to a modeft Calculation , occ^iorfd the Death of above Two Millions of their own Country People^ and otlier £«^- iil^Aiiin ■■ — ' ■IW"^ the Rcfcntmcnts (b being ftriaiy fift them; They ' making a very lich how perfidi- be feen at large )us Hiftory of the it not been for the Jroeois had been to- d unto the frmcht the Preface, would equence to divers the Continent.'Tis jated or fubjeacd ^und about them; lecaufc they were Enemies, deftroy- er*d their People, Beiiver Hunting Id not fubfift) or *^ith Furrs, which the Numbers of and confequently er Ruin, wlien C4- lated from Ettroff. [eafures they take on and Security, 1 cxcufable, tlian frencl, Forty Years urope^ whole Wars fiodeft Calculation , ibove Two Millions Qple^ and otlierfi**- r[i«iriirrr"-" ■ — - ( 6i ) ropeans, and moft unju(lly invaded or grie- voudy opprefs'd their Neighbours ; Dcfiro of increafmg their Wealth, enlarging their Territories, or advancing the Glory of their Great Monarch, being the chief Caufes, tho' feme other flender and eafily confuted Pre- tences, have fometimes been alledg*d. But to return unto the Jrocoit whom we call Subjefts^of tlie Crown of £/^/W, they only (kik themfelves Brethren, Friends, Allies, being a People higlily tenacious of their Li- berty, and very impatient of the leaft In- croacnments thereon. Thefe five Cantons or Nations , have fold , given, and in a verv formal Publick manner, made over anci convey'd to the Engl/Jb divers large Coiintries conquer'd from the UdtMSy upon the South-fide of the great Lakes, as &r as the Mefehacebe, and the noble, beautifur, fertil PeaufuU fituated between the Three Middle Lakes : That of the Hurom to the Weil, Ontario to the' Eaft, and Erit to the South ; a Country almoft as large as Eag- iMxi without Wales; admirably Seated for Traffick, pleafant, healthful, ^and fertil, as any Part of Nmh-Amriu ; and the Terri- tory^ to the South is of the fame Nature, and Conines with the Borders of our Pro- vince of Carolhsy which extends to all the Norch-f^de of the Gulphof Mexifo, C H A P. ■*...-■-,.■ ...'.^ .. -.-^, — ■MiiM ( 6% ) G H A P. Vr of New and Curious Difco* covery and Relation of an eafy Communication ietwixt the River Mefchaccbe and \ the South- Sea, nvhich fepa- rates America from China, hy Means of fever al large Rivers and LakeSy with a Defer iption of the Codjl of the laid Sea to the Streights of Uries. of^ alfo of a rich and confiderahle Trade to he carried on from theme to \ Japaiiy China ^»JTartary. ^ T win be one great Convenicncy of i^ this Country, if ever it comss to be fettled, that there is an eafy Cpm- i^unication therewith , and the Smth-Su^ whic tliat the caU'c Iiath its I- from Ntwi gon Side Lake Navi fame up M fofa it ab decia Hills vers Rive whic ons, othei Rive is dc tion^ little Al had Gent ) ] mmdmkm furious Difco* elation of an ation Betwixt fchacebe and which fepa- from China, feveral large ,akeSy with a - the Coa/l of ) the Str eights aJfo of a rich le Trade to he ront thence to and Tartary, ;reat Convenicncy of ever it comes to be re is an eafy Cpm- and the Smth-Sed, whi«h C 63 ) which lies between Ameriu and Ch'md^ and tliat two Wa> s : By the North Branch of the great Yellow River, by the Natives call'd the River of the Mdjjoritesy which Iiath a Courfe of 500 Miles, Navigable to its Heads or Springs, and which proceeds from a Ridge of Hills fomewliat North of Ntw Mexico^ pajdableby Horfe, Foot, or Wag- gon in lefs than half a Day. On the other Side are Rivers, wliich run into a great Lake, that empties itfclf by another great Navigable River into the HouthSea. The fame may be faid of the River Mejchdouaj^ up vvliich our People have been, but not fo far as the Barcn It JHont/utf who pafs'd on it above 300 Miles aUnoft due Weft, and declares it comes from the lame Ridge of Hills abovemention'd ; and that divers Ri- vers from the other fide foon make a large River, which enters into a vaft Lake, on which inhabit Two or Three great Nati- ons, much more populous and civilized than other MiMs ; and out of that Lake a great River difimbfig|uc& into the South St*^ which is doubtlefs the fame with tliat beforemen* tion'd; the Head of the Two Rivers being little diftant from each other. About Twelve or Fourteen ICears fihcCj I had imparted unto me a Journal from a Geatlenian admirably well skilPd in Geo- graphy,, cfpecially of . M(3uth whereof he mand, where he ftaid hs td refit Wmfelf, /fan on board, who ,ge of the Country. ; was engag'd in an ; SpdtiiMfds^ treated ly'd him very chcar- h^ wanted, and he libit) with them. W calls (65) calls them the Nation of Thcyd. The Sfdm^ ardsy as I find in divers of their Expeditions, call it Thoysgo^ fometimes Te}*go, They arc often at War with the Sftnigrds^ who have been always rcpuls'd by them. They bring Thirty or Forty Thouland Men in one Bo- dy into the Field. Thefc and Two other Nations Neighbouring, and not much inferior unto them, are accounted the moft fenfible and civiUzM UdtMs in JmeruM. When the Seafon came fit fijr their Expe- dition, they fiiiled Weft and by South, and happened to ftop upon fpme Occafion at an Ifland caU'd Esrindd or CsrituU^ there were Five in all near each other, like the Csuan Iflands, but lay rounder, and were one withi another about 50 or 60 Miles in Coropais* . The Inhabitaitts were not Iby of them, but fupply'd them with Provifions, and brought them Gold to barter for fuch Commodities of ours as they Uk'd, and in Three or Four Days they purchasM S6 /, Weight of that Mptal. The Natives told them they were |forry they had no more, tliey taking Care ko provne only againfi: a certain Tune of Se Year for Perfons, who came fi-om the lun-fetting at a particular Seafon and bar* tM divers Commodities with them for joW. Thefe Traders or Merchants muft ;ertainly be Inhabitants of J^f^tty which I jather from a large Pfliition in theHiftory of that Ifland, p3>lilh'd;by th^ Dutch, and ted into our Tongue, and makes the F Sixth 1 Sixth Volume of OiU^fs Colleaions. They thereia declare, That they fent from Bmu- nfU Two Ships (as they pretended) to dif» cover a Paflage from the North-Eaft Part of ^APM^ round ttirurj to E«ro/>f ; Though, its very probable, they had other Views. Thefc Ships were fcparated a little Eaft of "Jimn by i Storm j the Cafirihmp proceed- ed, and found the Strekht entfing into the C\x\^\iot tm4n or "M^, and fcarch'd the Coaft on the "weft-fide to 49 Degrees; the other Ship the Bhfkins having f«ftcr*d much by the Storm, put iato the Pttft oi Nmboe\ nfer the N. E: End of y^«s iiqt doubting tlfey fhould be kindly rcceivM , being in League, and having a Free Trade with that Empire ; but wmlc they w*re refitting ^ thcqr were uncxpcftedly furpriz'd by the ihfMmfe, fent to Court, arid very ftriaiy cxamin'd, whither they had / iiot been at, or went not to difcover' the Gold Iflands (as they call'd them) to the Baft, of which Tfa£Sck the Emperor is fo jejJous, that it is Capital for any to go thither iekcept by Ijis Permiffion, or ta declare to others the Diftance and Situation thereof ;amd had hot the Dutch given unconiroulable Evidence , that they had not been,' nor were they go- iiffi thither, but only upon the foremention- cd Difcovery, they had been all execu- ted. There are upon the Coaft between Am* fM and ltft» divers very large and fate IS m: vcr% yeft mm Bafte ChtHA proa weU .„^ V-, ,£4«*wJtJl41w'*U-^ . \ Meaions. They ;y fent {rota Bata- rretended) to dif-» ! North-Eaft Part i Ettroft ; Though, had other Views, cd a little Eaft of Cajhihmp proceed- ^t entfing into the , and fcarch'd the ) 49 Degrees; the iving f«ffe'r*d much yeYortoi Namhoe', ■4fMttf iiqt doubting receiv'd , being in » Trade with that ;y vttte refitting y furpriz'd by the and vwy ftriftly had! not been at, ;r' tbe ^Id Iflands the Eaft, of ifi^ch fo jejikms, that it thither ekcejftt by :lare to others the lereof ; ^d Ikd hot roulable Evidence, nor were they go- an the fbremention* lad been all execu- -oaft between An»f^ ^ery large and ikfe (67) Harbours, and a very gpod Climate , the Coaft ftretching South- Weft, moftly fiom 40 to Degrees of North-Latitude. The Seas abound with Fifti, and the Land with Fowl and Venifon. The Inhabitants are fo- ciable and hofpitable^ i have a Draught and Journals oE l\\ th^ QoaA from Jme^iea^ with tfaofe of divem Harboui;^^ .nntil^ou are within about ioq Letg. of the Streighc o£VriiSy whichthe P«/c* dMcovcT'd about Sixty oi'^ Seventy YpaOT fmcc, and which is the Entrance of thfe S» orGulph of IW^tiiK^^ lying 120 Leagues- K<»?ti*"^Eaft)froif»A^rf>wAv, the mofts Northerly: Hftyen supd ^tQmiohtorjr of jMp*fi. This StrcagbU, or ra^^, thdi Strcitthts (there bdng T>^o made by ^flkwg liana) are the Inlei^ km s\. great Sea or Bay, into ^hksh dt(iiiibogues a vafl River, onth^Weft-iidt of i«, between 49 and 56 Degrees of North'iiktitade, Nav^able ma- ny HundPedMaes by the biggeftSh^s, and is nude by the Ccai^tW of divers gceaf Ri- ver% fome of which cdme from the South- Weft,, as ChtHgoU^ HihfTi^ OUy^mi^oroy and ti*wr Founiiuns^ osar the great Wsdl X)f Qhi- *«y and riift throu^ the Dominions of the Eaftern TsrtarSf "Who are now Afei}ei*s of CAftr*. Qthep Rivers from the North- Weft, prooeed from the Territories of the C*4r of H*ifiovjiy who hath buflt divers large and well forcify'd Cities on the Main River of Tsmoar^ and feveral of its Branches, as Nif^ |w«r^ NepehQUy AVnutitty Jrgutjy Netthskn^ 8fMir', ha* « Courife. from its toheft Founta« Commo- Ste.wCrX*a* 'there, fcr » Fourth 2^/ ■ A* Pars -6^ ^^^ ^"^r^**^! ™ Y^Tpujiifti'd taBtfet. And by means S tl^RivTwhich co.i« from Ae 1^- Wdft V0U may correfpona with ^^M^' dom of T*«i*, all BOW umted nndw.„ow a^the S^e Emperor, being very d^d»d Xionl and kind to Strangers. To &y ^hS* Of d.e gieat and ricE ?«n'*i* of S^which is contiguous to one or two * \JrvJ this River, was once a PrO- Branches of this Rw^, J^ ^^^^ riTl^e Lndt noV TributaryjK. the Ifancbes are m a^goOd Clime, »t never^!^^ nil liitiiMiriii"' jKiMi •""""-— -- r Amuri^ hath a Fountam$, above Interruption by 11 the other great sOfy, ^eniSeg or r you may Trade (/& forFurrs, who « very rich. They m both Sides the jid itt confiderable likewiie Traffick he fame Commo- lere^ for a Fourth in MW^w or Arch- above 4000 Miles r«/f oir their Capital ! . tedious- and diffi- b l^ divcfs large Bich^nave been ma- Sit. And by means «ie from the ScJuth- md with the fiii/*r» je great rich King- \ff united under* onf being very ttViUz'd Strangers. To fay id rich ?iininf4iU of jous to one or two , was once a Pro- the fame Manners low Tributary to the this River and ^ts Clime, it never ya«» rymg () rying above 2 or 3 Degrees fr^ a due Eafterly Courfe. Three or more Ships may be fent every Year , who may Part at the Strcights of the TMturidtt Culph or Siea; one for ledxa and die River; another for j^fM^ and a Third fi)r l^orth Cbin^ to the great City Tunxo, the Port of fekhy the Capital of that ^luzdom, from which it is nof a- bove One Days Journey by Land "or Wa- ter. And there is «ij# ^ better CcMiniodi- ty, or .of which more Profit maybf^made^ than or the Furrs^ wlich are to eafilJriJro- cuPd, and fb Iboii brought unto that Im- perial City, where, in the f^our|: and a- mone the drandees, there is ajrtxligious CbnmmptkMi of themyj and mq)| extra va* gant Prices given for thfcm, efpecially thofe of the better Sort, tho* even the meaneft come to an extraordinary good Market.- Thus, after a thorough Search and Dif- covery both by Sea and Land, have I gi- ven the Reader a TopOjgraphical Efefcrii^^ on of a Country, the timely Poffeflion an4 ; due Improvement whereof jby the Engiijb^ may be ixiore beneficial to diem, than all^ the othet Colonies they are at prefent poi; fefs'd of: Befides that they will thereby fe-: cure fin-ever all the reft of our Plantations upon the Continent of Amerieay whkb If this Country be by them neele^ed, and fuffer'd to remain in the Hands of any am-f bitious, Politick and powerful Prince or Po- tentate, majr be diftrcfi'd, conqv^'d or ^J ter!/ estcrn^inated, ^ H A ^^ -Li. uib,aB^iatt^^ .v.,..i .■-. -.►.. ■-*irt*Afa;tti-i.ii I I t, ii u p j i w ^irngjpwpw C7.0) .'»•'■ ■. • I I • vAnv/>»NVAy»v»*»v»v»v»v»*.%v»%^ . <•.-,, ;r. T^- U'jjUJi-* . ^" TM • « •<<» / fj(tfi4ce • . . ?! .■',■'■.'1 •* aou ......t ther Ove Oan pat] Silvt ^the ufeful ahUs^ Met- / and other fk Commodi" naturaUy pro- vith Indujlry this Trth the firft Care is to their SubfiftaHce. d Rbfisg &mou!i who hath written! itifes, eil)ccially re- , and Politicks, ad- t^hatiie who will he the firft Blace make ; ^ and in the late our feaibnable and Soldiers hatli not a wonderliil SuQce0«si '■■■ V >.. * aud ..-■■i (71) and both ftreii^thned and animated our Troops, to perform fuch A£ls of Valour,, as will be c^leorated in Future A^es. The SpanUrds tell a pretty, attd I thmk inftru- ftive Story, That upon the Difcovcry of the immenfe Rtchei cont^in'd in the Mountaia ^otoft ii; Ptff«, two Spdnisrds refbrted thi- ther ; the one bought Slaves, hirM Servants, Ovetfeers, and &und a rich Vein of Silver Oarj The other (Land being then Com- mon in the Neighbbttrhbod) fed Sheep, fhe Mine Mafter M^anting Wool for the cloath- ing of hjs Servants (that Placie being much colder than others ip the fame Latitude) and Food for his. Overfebrs (who cOiildnot be fatisfied, being Spaaldrks, with the poor Fare of the hdimi and N^rofs) bought Flelh and Wool of the ShepHerc), and after fome few Years thi? Shfepherd grew rich, and th^ Mailer^Min^r poor. If the Sfaniards had further improy'd this Notion, the ^lijbf Dutsh and freneh , ha4 not exchanged fo ^any of their Maflu&^lures f^ Gfm. and Silver ; fb that th^y are the richeft an4 pooreft Nation In the Southern Fdrt of £«- And even onr own Nation hath riot to- tally efcap'd this Misfortune ; for how mai^y have I known that carried competent E- ftates to North Jmeriea , neglefting Tillage, $nd bfeeding Cattle, in a few Years their Servants have been their Equals, and fbme- times Superiors J fuchisthe ForCe of Prii-. F 4 dencc "■WfT" (72) deoce and lududrf^ But as for our Coun- try of CsrolsMSj h PtribnSy who c^rry over Efiedbs and Servants, be not fottiihly fooUfli, or fupindy negli|;enc, they cannot mil of improviog their own Fortunes, and without Injury to themfelyes, contribute to make others eafy, and comparatively happy. I will not iky that Maimers and Superinten- dants of any Sort 'or Kind, need take nothing with them, but that they will find all Things neceflary and convenient to theirIiands:Doubt- lefs Common Senfe will teach them, they ought to have at leaft Half a Years Prbvi- (ions of Thi^ neceflary, until they are acquainted with the l^atives, and have efta- blithM a Fridodibip and Correfpondency wldi them : But abundance of Trouble and ^pence wiU be fay'd in flaming th^ Coun- try, which could not be well avpided in thbfe the Efiglifif have hkherto fettled on the Continent or in their Iflands. For Bread in this Country, wehj^ve' a great Advantage at firft coming. They may have Iffdisit Corn pf the Inhabitants, who haye almoft every where Two, and in fome Places Tiire6 Crods ih a Y^at- ; and I have been very credibly informed, that when the New comes in, thev can away a g^eat Part of the Okl to maKe Room in their little' Granaries. Be- fides all along the COdl, and 2 or 300 Miles up the Country from the Ses^ they Bave Uie ^ootMdndihdeaj whereof Cajfavi BresuA and iFlpw^r is'made, whereupon almoin aU ^''K^^^f *'''*' •'"•'" '"' '■ ■' • : - '■■•'"' between :. not moj loni by out Thi di4fi iPlac Hee ripe Car Wa duo thei rolin gro^ odu moi Pni out ima navi oev< ) as for pur Coun- , who carry over tocfottilhly&oUih, ley cannot rail of ines, and without itribute to make ively happy. Ts and Superinten- , need take nothing win find all Things theirItands:DouDt- each them, they alf a Years Provi- jy until they are ves, and have efta- i Correfpondency tee of Trouble and planting thisC6un- e well avpided in berto fettled on the uds. For Bread in great Advantage at f have Indiw Corn have almoft every Places TlireeCropis been very credibly he New comes in. Part of the OW tp ttle Granaries. Be- and 2 or ^oo Miles I S^ they have (he f CiijfAvi Bread and on almoin all Amerief between ;<» ^ ( 7? ) betweeojtheTropkks doth fubfift, (excepting what is brought them at great Expence trom Eurofi, or our Northern Plantations ) and which ipany ^eem as good a Nourilhment as our Manchet, and fix times cheaper. . Befidcs , this Country naturally afTonb a* nother Sort of excellent Corn, ^hich is the moft like Oats of any Emrofem Qrain , but longer and larger ; afid | have been aljur'd by njany very credible Perfons, who often, put of Curiofity had divers Ways prepared It y that it fiir exceeds our be(V Oatmeal This is not fown and cultivated by the/«- didtisy but grows fpontaneou|ly in Marfliy Placjcs, in and by the Sid^ of Rivers, like Heecjs or Rufhes. The hHims wh^ it is ripe take liandfulls, (hake them into their panows ; what efcapes them JWling into the Water, without any further Trouble, pror duces the oe^ Years Crop. Rice may be werp rais'd iii as great Plenty ^ in C^-^ ftdm*. For Fruits, they have not divers growing in £«riff, whfch yere once Stianr acrs to fis, and by Art p4 Induftry in rame Mcafure naturahVd ; but they have other? little , if at aU Inferior , fuch as moft excellent Limes pr wiU Lemons, and Prung,^ growing in the open Fields \yith- m. Culture, which they eat plentifully, imme^ely fit)m th? Trees , and keep dry IJr Winter Provifion. Many, who have taftcd both, unanimoufly affirm> they wy^r did meet wi|h ^itji^r Sqrt. in Eurtf^ :.... ' >• comparabj^ •iK~^ntv:-^-^j;.':' s»iaw^.„.-. II iwl •iftafe - ( 74) comparable thereunto : And thofc dryM will not prove a contemptible Commodity, when we contraa Fricndlhip with the Natives, who being direfted by us how to gather and order them, \yould fupply us with great Quantities, not only for our own Subfiftancc and Delight, bqt even for Exporation, Be- fides, the Tunas a moft delicious Fruit, efpc- cially in hot Weather, and alfo not only agreeable tq the Palate, but Salubriousi, and as our Enrofeims call it, v^hcp in Maturity, their Cchrdial Jiilep. •I novy come to that Tree, I mean the Vine, whfch a great Part of the World al- ,noft idoHzes. I know, there have been treat Dilutes amongft the learn d, Candpch timely determinM by Mihrntt and the M*- hdHtetAfts aU over theWorldJ whither it had not been better for Manlflttd it had net ver cxifted , c6nfidcring how nmch that HC^le Jirice hath been abtis'd, and hojr of- ten it has been the Caufe of numberlefe C^ Umities. For my own j^rtioular, I muft own it b my Opinion, that^' ncxttoa-wd which is the Staff of Life, it is one' of the grcateft, mecrly material Comforts, we m thefc Northern Climates enjoy ; and having; been long thereunto accuftoord, ^en tranf* planted mto a more Southern Country, we flnll hanker after it : And if we cannot have good of our own Produce, we fliaU certain^ & have Rccourfe to Foreigners, and pur- mSR it at any Rate, and thereby i^povc-. rifli niig fo \ in i then tho' Lovi haps theii theii hind Hon, natui dy < Sort! in fu PUc< IHan vers, intan then: meet load< Sorts Foot for \ lUve they ^kiU Thr< ^tc EngL ed,i riliiti-n'^*-^'^- I thofc dryM Mrill :;ommodity,whcn nth the Natives, s how to gftther ply uswith ereat ir own Subfiftance Exportation, Be- licious I^ruit, efpc- and alfo not only ut Salubriou% and i^hco in Maturity, free, I mean the of the World al- there have been « Icarn'd, (and pch AoMvr and the Afi- •Id J whither it had tnliffid it had net (how much that )tis'd, and how of- e of numberlels Ca- part^olar, J muft that,' next to Bread e, it is one of the I Comforts, w^ in enjoy; tndhavine ftom^d, w*»en tranli thern Country, we 1 if we cannot have e, w« fliaU certain^ )reigners, and pur- nd Uifxtby ipnpovc* rilb, (7$) rifli our In£int Colony. But thanks to Al- mighty CJoD, who iiath not only fo long, fo wonderfully, favoured the Efigltfi Natiwi in their own Ifland, but ukes Care even of them, who fome account their Out-cafts, tho* they have the true Efjglifi Courage, Ix)ve to their Country, and contribute, per- haps as much, to its Wealth and Weilare by their Induftry , as anf equal Number, of their Rank and Quality, they have (eft be- hind. But, to put a Period to this Digref- fion. Vines of divers Sorts and Kinds grow naturally in this Country. We have alrea- dy difcover'd and diftinguiOj'd Five or Six Sorts very difl'erent from each other ; ■, but m fuch great Plenty, ' that in a Thoufimd Pbces, either upon the Continent, or in the Iflands, efpecially in or near the great Ri- vers, they make your Journies fliorter, by mtangling your Legs, it being natural for them to run upon the Growid, unlefs they meet with Trees, up which they creep . loaded with Clufters of Graphs, of fome Sorts, commonly half a Yard, fomctimes 2 Foot long. It is true fome of thefe grapes, for wane of Culture, tho' large asDiiiions, have great Stones, and a tough Skisi ; yet they might be eafdy meliorated by ^o;*^* Skill J tho' as they are, efpecially Two or Three Sorts of the fmaller kind, are as g^telU to the Palate, as mbft we have in EngUnd ; but the very worft, duly manag- ed, produces Brandy, hardJy infi^rior to any '""■■'''■'■■■■' m -x«a>wltll)k.£aM*%^,. -'"V" i"i»iif!i>| »m<- 1. 1"" (7<5) in Europe ; fo that had wc Veffels to diftill, a^d skilful Operators, wc might foon abate the Price of that Liquor in EfigUndy and our Plantations and keep a fufficicnt Refervc for ourfelves. . And further, when we have once ob- tained the Skill of MeUorating the Grapes, wc ihall aUb produce not only as good Wine, but alfo as good Raiftns, as in moil Coun- tries of Ettrope ; the Climate being admira- bly adapted thereunto ; and thereby not only fupply ourfelves and Neighbouring Co- lomes, but fomewhat abate the Expence of our Mother, good Old EttgUtid, from whom we proawd, and upon whom we, and CI hope and believe) all our other Colomes, wfll not only acknowledge their fole De- pcndance, but ever defire, yrith the utter* moft of their Power, to tnanifeft, upon all Occafions, th^ir. love and Gratitude. Bat Corn and Drink are not fufficient tor ^li^men , who are us'd to feed upon good Beef, Mutton^ Bacon, Veal and Pork \ Therefore for die Encouragement of fuch as fliall hereafter inhabit this Province , they Vill find good Beef, and confequcntly Vcaj, there being a Sort of Kine natural to this Country, wliich, though they differ a little in Shape from ours (having a Bunch upon their ShouWers , which is delictus Food ) yet otherways are not in the leaft inferior to, our Bulls and Cows, and they make them pxen when they plcafe ; and by dry Fodder ftafl the] equi oft Fief bett Sea- tho' othe der hav( iMd N mat( for j arc ( the alrea grea the aiid have iiig Out foon the] unto Com afTur a vei chet. whej 7 ) 5 Veffels to diftill, might foon abate 1 EngUniy and our [ficient Refervc for 'e have once ob- ing the Grapes, we ily as good Wine, as in moil Coun- t^te being admira- and thereby not Neighbouring Co- ite the Expence of lU$ti^ from whom vhom we, and (I ►ur other Colonies, Ige their fole De- e, yrith the utter* rnanifeft, upon all 1 Gratitude, re not fufficient for us*d to feed upon n, , V^ and Fork : tagement of fuch as [lis Province , they confequcntly Veal, ;ine natural to this I they differ a little ving a Bunch upon is delicious Food ) [ the leaft inferior to, id they make them and by dry Fodder ^#»ti„^mt.r lMto.-g ( 77 ) ftflll Oxen like thofe In EngUni; But, ii they dre without Art and Care, they almoft egual our grafs Cattle. There are alfo Sheep of theSifMifi Breed in good Numbers, whole Flefli is as good as ours, and their Wool! better ; as alio Hogs very plentifid, on the Sea-Coaft efpecially, and tome within Land, tho' not fo numerous, Acorns, Chefnuts, and other Mafts abounding in this Country, ren- der them more grateful Food, (as all who have fed upon them a£irm) than ours in£^- iMd; and fit for Exportation for tht Iflands. Next to Food we are to confider a verjr material Circumftanc^ and tliat is. Cattle for Draught, and Horfes for j^iding, which are carried into the Plantations^ wmther oo the Continent, or in»thc Iflands. Thefe arc^ already prcparM unto your Hands, with no grea5Trt)ubleand Expence. For Horfes, they arfc.eoaimonly us'd among the hkisMs on the Weft-fide of the great River for Riding arid Burthens, as artiongft us, tho' thw have not improv'd them for feught, he- ihg tbtally ignorant of Coaches^ Waines, Outs or Plows, unto all which they may foon by Care and Skill be adapted. An J the Price of a good Horfe will not a^iount unto stbove Five Shillings of our Europe m Commodities at firli Coft, as T am welt aiTur'd by Traders, who have been offer'd a very good one for a very ordinary Ffac- chet. And as for Oxen for Plow and Cart, when their young Males are caftrated, they will T (78) liirill be as tame and a^ fetviceable as our Oxen ; tho* amongft the Tmturs^ from whom thefe Kine originally came, the great Bulls, of alihoft twice the Strength and Bignefe of ours, are by them fo hv tam'd, tliat they imploy them to draw their Houfes or Huts put upon Carts irtaay Hundred Miles,, as they have occafion to rehiove their Habita- tions, wlvlch is only for convenient Pafture, ni«f chiag in thp winter to the South, in tW Summer to the Nordi. This Sort of Cattle aj^e not oahr ufenil for Food andLa- boyif, but - alfo ht xhtk Hair , or tather ^jiX)V Which Js very tpnig^ very thi(ffc, and vei^y fine i and I think/jas; do many.'Jothers ^0 Undcrl^aii^ l3ic tjfe of it ,. for^Hats, Cl6at^ing , and diveKS « other NeoelUries , W&iVfo^e fca#^ fuftabfe AotSy Shoes» ajo^^^ n»- aJTiicn^ Uib* •^v^!jScfi4^ we are near^^A^^^ aU which ^^ti^ gencfalfy u^l^ ^ CAtn ' )ky grcafcidlhrongl^^ rf^?/, br Male Aflcs, many of whic ,, e are of abundan^y Jf eater Bignefs, Str^figth, a^ Alettle, tnim in £«r(^r, which with the Marcs of that Country would pro- duce an expellent Breed, if it be thought advantageous to raife them^ There Co Cai the Fin Me: Oft ftan a v 1 the ther whi vers Squj and aR^ in it AH and: mate vky oftf Bird! »y» Ooifc other Com Partr Soir Ptlfe curioi .1 mltiiliirfU'ilit iifrfr- ' ^M-:^'' ) fetviccable as our '»tiriy from whom , the great Bulls, igth and Bignefe of tam'd, thac they eir Houfes or Huts (uodred Miles^ as nove their Habka- Donvenieot Pafture, to the Souths in rth. This Sort of il for Food and La- r Hair, or tather ig, very thi^lcy and faS' do raany.'Jothers of it ,. for Hats, other >T6cei£ines , & Aidf tion pr Ik4uc- p£rt|^ import^ to iployid in our .own 3ts, Shoes, ao^ipft- ^mMexUoy all which' pj^ for Carri Muliss, ptxiduo'd I », many of whicl V ^eater Btgnefs, tan in £«r0^r, which : Country would pro- id, if it be thought Lem» There X79l there are fcveral Trads of Land m this Country that would fuit very well witli Gammcls, many of which are imploy'd bv the SfMniMTds efpecially in Per* and Terri, ttrma, of the South-part of the Gulph of Mexsco. Th^Y bave tliem moftiy from tha C»f*^y rflands> and Totoe from Africa, Thw ftand well in Jmerjca, are very ufeful, anj' m'^Zm — ^P^m Will fu£ ♦u^^^ ^^^^^^P^^'^^^'^s country, befidcs the Elk or Buffalo abovementionV, ^rpa^^ fe\ B^^r^ jr°^v(?3, Wild CatS, ^nc Sf t^rhich are hurtful to Mankind j, ^D^rof d? vers Sorts, m&. Otter, Fox^^Sc^ «?r«^' ^^''^ and Co^ies.b^tw^n ou^ fn if .r ■ * ?^^^«''-'ts throat, where. ?nV?'^''^y* its>un^ ivh^ forc'd tolyl «id fojne fbf F^j but r tjiink^riS^ material nor coijtoent With ittif def^yi^ vity to enter into a par^Or pf S^ ^rds^r Wild Fowl found all W thpCOaSs ^J.S«i-lhore, ai^ lUvers,; fiicljr as ^S^ Goflemwks, Falcons, Jcc-F^OMns anISS «her Birds orfirey that are m£^ope^^ Commnies of^Turkies,. 8i#&, feS Partndg^, Pidgeonj;, Th^uQies, felacJ^S Suipcs, Cranes, Swans, Gcefe, Bucks, T«fc' PWeans, Parrots, and maay otherlorft^ cunous Bif d| differing from ours. For" / (8o) 1%; r?ot Cloathing, iho' we may reafonably Ibppofe, that by ourCorrefoondence with our Native Country, we may be fupply'd there-, SX as alfo with Beds Carpe^, Coverlet^ &* vet it would not be amifs, if m the SfiacV of this Colony , , the poorer Sort SSTincourag'd to manufeOure the Wool Srsh^Td W as alfo Cotton, to fupphr SerScnt Ncceflities. Hats may be made ^Sie^foft Hair of the Kine maM, if Seed bir^tli a little of the Hair or Wool Sbiv,; , both which are m great Plenty , rW Ai&fts » vomikBaut them aa m 1 have roceiv'd InfotmadpB frM» divers ffr"rfped«ny of Ae hwer Sort, ^ clo»tb. attbT . Aey lbi««d it vw , fflafle with tte SShI Jttkrf Tt«s, which grow ^ ^^iew, and is as beoowijis » ^oft^rf ^cSiBwy Uwito of B-t*i aad by ite ^iSrf the Naii»« « fcfe dwaWe. (X ^m^kf^m wtainly ffow here as weU as^l/ife* "«/*>», where they thrive, dj^cci- aUy: in thofc ^arts contiguous tQ ouf Coui^ try, or fUgA pan wrii m/i &r of i they the: C this the Man we J fame deri\ were the . Grap Curr Com King COun Pateji ters ( impQ] ibmei a>i great as in Accoi k^-,., .11 Hill' rtfiniii^'in ! may reafonably K)ndence with our befupply'd thert-, Carpets, Coverlets, ; amifs, if in the the poorer Sort ifeaure the Wool Cotton, to fupply iats may be ma i'iii ' fiM i i i i n"i i ( ■"'^■^^■■* ■ froi Hu of. tke 1 fam was £oc to( Hoi Hui lief unt( the) Fou and coui beii] mof muc ing the flioi mad whc on J wer the Cou then .^„M,,„* am i w ii- .Mi w ^ ) (8?) or inGreat-Brltain^ mmodity ttill more in great Abundance itans put fome Va- fo much as on the 5 them. On the ovince , for 200 r vaft Beds of Oy- , as has been found hich is very remar- a in frefti Water i is a Sort of Shell- and a Pearl Oyfter, knee of Pearls, and lagnitude. The In- the Oyfters, broil they are fit to eat, they find in them, i tarnifti'd and lofe But when we liave Method, doubtJeis it [table Trade. Tlwrc ready know within lich there is a great out 120 lieagucs up on the Weft-fide, in River of the N^kts^ s Mouth, where they enty and many very .n the River CbiM Com or CurjI/wiUver (as ( as our Eff^li/b calls k ) and which comes from the N. E. and after a Courfe of feme Hundred Miles difimbogucs into the Gulph of FtoridMy about 100 Miles to the Eaft of the Mefchacebg, The judicious and faithfiil Writer of the femous Expedition of Ferdi»ando Soto^ who was therein from the Beginning unto the End, acquaints us, That whien they came to Cutifachia^ the chief of that Country find- ing they valu'd Pearl, ofFer'd to load all their Horfes therewith, which were at leaft Two Hundred. And to confirm them in the Be- lief of what they advanced , carried them unto Two of their chief Templc% where they found vaft Quantities, but took only Fourteen Bufhels for a Shew to the jk*tf4ttay and othei* of the SpMiJb Dominions^ to en" courage the Peopling of this Colonv^ not being willii^ to incumber their Horles with more, their Wel&re and Succe& dependii^ much upon their Horfemen, tl^ JftdsMfs be- ing abundantly more afrakl of them than the Foot ; whofe Guns being uiekfs after a fliort Time for want of Powder, they only made Ufe of Crofs-Bows- And GarziUjfaf who was not with SotOf but writ only up- on Memoirs he receiv'd from divers who were prcfent , gives a more fijH Account of the prodigious Quantity of Pearls in that Country, a^rming, theSpmards cafculated them to amount unto a Thoufand &ifhel!s> ' G a- iM >.i,A -.i .„*.M.^.|^,^||.^^ (8+) And afterwards when the Spanidrds at CfjU^ hM were gathering Oyfters for their Food , tlicy found many large Pearls, and and one particularly that was prizM at Four Hundred Ducats, not having loft the Icaft of its Lu- ftrc, being taken out of aRaw Oyfter. And that one Ttrroa a Spaniard had above Six Pounds Weight of Pearl very large, and moftly of a beautiful Luftre, and were va- lued at Six Thoufand Ducats. It need not feem incredible, that Pearl Ihould be taken in frefh Water Lakes and Rivers, there being many Relations of un- queftionable Repiitation, which declare, very cood and large Pearls are fouiid m divers Parts of China, and the Countries to the .Weft and SOifth-Weft of their great Wall (with which (Rotations I will not enlarge this Difcourfe) as will appear by riding <^t Chins Atlas <^ Mtrtimau Marcus Paulus ;fi«riw(| and other credible Writers on Lakes aiW frdh Water Rivers. €ochineal is a Commodity ol great Va- to, very lieccffary as the World goes, and cofts this Nation knmially great Sums of Money, which may be all lav'd, there be- ing in this Province fufficient to furnilh both us, and our Neighbours, who are no fcfe fond of it than ourfebcs. There have been great Enquiries, and many Difputes, about jals, the Original of this Commodity, which is the tound fitmous Ingredient for dying in Grain, theKers i ° Purplc|magfj Purp ed fa TJ ducV or 1 fome fant Infe£ wher to fa whicl come the! and < thenc Europ the i that each of tw call S Pric^j cijltiv them Plants andlj Gulpt theC :_;-.i«i*«1l*Hll^l '^1* ) I SfMuris at ChU' rs for their Food, 'earls, and and one d at Four Hundred the Icaft of its Lu- )f a Raw Oyfter. ipMtard had above ;arl very large, and aftre, and were va- icats. xediblc, that Pearl 1 Water Lakes and ny Relations of un- which declare, very ire found in divers le Countries to the of their great Wall i I will not enlarge appear by reading rtimuff Mmtcus Pdulus ble Writers on Lakes • lodity oi great Va- he World goes, and lally great Sums of ; all SVd, there bc- ficient to furnifli both s , who are no kfe !S. There have been (85) Purple and Scarlet Colours, generally eftcem* ed by opulent and civiliz'd Nations. This nobJe Ingredient for dying, is pro, duc'd by a Tree or Shrub calJ'd the Tunal or Tuna, of which there are divers Sorts ; fome bearing an excellent Fruit very plea* fant and whoKome. It is made of certain Infefts breeding in the Fruit of this Plant, when it is well husbanded, and are thereun^ to iaftn'd, cover'd with a fmall fine Webb, which doth Compafs them about, and when come to Maturity they eat through it, fall off the Tree, and being carefully gathered, dry'd, and curioufly put up, are rent to5^«*, and thence diftributed to moft civi^z'd Parts of Europe^ and Jfis, Jeofia tells us. That in the Fleet wherein he return'd from Mexico^ that Province only, fhippM 5677 Arobes, each whereof is ^5 /. Weight, and valu'd at 28J750 Peices of Eight. The Cochineal is of two Sorts, one growing Wild, which they call Silycfter. This, ?h(^ it gives a good- Pric^, is far fhort of that , which is duly cyltivsited ill Gardens and Fields, much after the manner the Ef^ltflf do Tobacco in their Plantations. This Province both on thcEaft and Wdl-fidc of the Me/ebMseiw , from the Gufph of Mexitc, fome Hundred Miles up the Country, abounds with all Sorts of Tu- nany Difputes, about jals, or Tuna's (as fdme ftyle them) ufutlly nmodity, which is the found in the Province of Mexico^ which bor- dying in Grain, the iers upon it , and is only divided by gn Purple maginary Line, fiom the Degrees of jo to ^ ■mari..a,>.i,.. ^^,.. ^,,.ft ,, (86) z6r When this Country is fettled, and vvc let upon tliis Manufeaure,, the W**^ may be viry helpful unto us, it being eafy La- bour .and wherein we need only imploy their Women and Young. People, if their Men, who are generally very lazy, dechne 'The Plant of which Indico is made , is very frequent in moft of the Southern Parts of tliis Country, and may poffibly prcxluce better than that made in our Iflands ot f^- msicai Sec. This Province being in the feme Utitude with JgfB and Br-^., Territories in the great Mcgalh Country, whofe Indico k accounted the bcft of its Kind in the Work), and is double the Price of ours. It is cali- ly made , and the hdia^s may be aififting to ws herein, if we think tit to^ undertake iti. Befides if we beUeve that judicious na- tural Hiftorian H*r» Wo, there isAnMextco, and conicquently here (being much the lame CUmate) a Plant or little Shrub, which pro- duces an Indico abundantly moi-e noble, and the Colour more lively, than that which is the Common Indico. This the i^pamards call Azul, as being like Ultramarine. Ambergris or grey Amber, is often found upon thislCoaft from the Cape of Kor/^- to Mexico, which is of great Value. The bcl Cfof there are divers Sorts) ^ is of equal worth to its weight in Gold. 1 his is agreed upon by the Learned, to be a Bitumen or jfaptha, which comes from cenam Springs s fettled, and vvc the IttdtMS may it being eafy La- leed only imploy ,, People, \i their \rery lazy, decline idico is made , is the Southern Parts ly poflibly produce our Iflands of jf<- being in the feme BjM*y Territories :ry, whofe Indico is Kind in the Workl, jf ours. It is eafi- ns may be aififting ik tit to undertake : that judicious na- there is in Mexico, eing much the fame ; Shrub, which pro- itly mwe noble, and than that which is his the Spaniards call ■a marine. mber, is often found le Cape of Hortds to at Value. The belt (Orts) is of equal Jold. This is agreed to be a Bitumen or from cenaia Springs or •"T^^m^^fmnF^ C 87 ) or Fountains, that empty themfelves into the Sea, and is coagulated by the Salt-Wa- ter, as Succinum, commonly call'd Amber, from another Sort of Bitumen or Naptlia, and in Storms caft upon the Coaft. The fame Ambergris is alfo found upon the £aft- fide of the Cape or Peninfula of Florida , the Bdhdma Iflands, in the Esfl- Indies, and Brsjilf and fometimes great Lumps, even upon the Coaft of CornwaU and Ireland And among others, I have read of a Piece weigliing Eighty Pounds, caft upon the Coaft of Corn- mil, m the Reign of King Chgrles I. wliich . was bigger, till diminilh'd by the Country- man who found it, by greafmg his Cart Wheels, and Boots, but difcover'd acciden- tally by an intelligent Gentleman, who ri- ding by one of his Carts, and perceiving a very grateful Smell, enquired of the Man whence it proceeded ; he told liim he had found a nafty Grecfe on the Shore , whicli he hop'd would have favM him the Hxpence of Kitchin Stuff and Tarr for Carts, Har- nefs, and Boots, but it was of fo noylbnous a Smell, t|iat they were not able to en- dure it. The Gentleman defiring to fee the Remainder , found it wliat he expeded , purchas'd it at a very eafy Rate, prefeuted it unto the Queen , and was requited in Places or Employments far beyond the Vs^- lue of it. There is found in great Qaantities upon the fame Coaft on the Shore to the Eaft and G 4 Weft ■ ' il i i' l fc ih . i i-i i « i i ibiiSirtffiii in. ^ a.-,i-,i, M rt.M ^^ - w^-^ ( 88 ) Weft of the MefchAcebe^ cfpecially after high South Winds, a Sort of Stone Pitch by the $p4MUrds caird Copcc, which tlicy Hkcwife find in the South-SeA upon the Coalt ot Peru. They mix it with Greefe to make it more liquid, and ufe it as Pitch for their VeUeLs, and affirm it to be better in hot Countries, not being apt to melt with the Heat of the Sun or Weather. And at Trinadad a large Ifland over againft the great River of Oro- mfftte, there is a Mountain of tlie faid Sub- ftance, of which Sir l^^*tter RMeigh gives an Account in his Expedition, fo fatal unto Iiim , of the Difcovcry of the faid River ; and feveral Navigators fince have done the feme. Acofta^ the famous Author of the na- tural Hiftory of the Wtji-hdies, affirms it to be generated of an Oil, which empties iticlf, lie knows not how, into feveral Parts of the Ocean, in fo great Quantities, that the Sai- lors, when at a Lois, know where they are by its Floating on the Sea, orthe Smell there- off which, he fays, they fcented at a confiderable Diftan(;e. The Evgltib lent to difcover the River Mefihaceite, affirm the fame, and that they found it in two Places, which I have well mark'd. Moreover, that the Sea was covcr'd with an Oil or Slime, as they ftile it, which had a very ftrong Smell for many Leagues together. I fuppofe they had much the fame Conceptions with the Countryman bfe- fopemention'd, and therefore their Cui'iofity jiid not pLompt them to take it up, and ' ' ' ' " examin? ex mi thi #/i th( mc at anc Cc CXI am wr ha] or t peji fift, In£ Rel ven eaf( hatj fer'i Fill be be kno Riv Lab and clea be my tv^fikwt' iii'i„iitolliiir"t-'-^ ) pecially after high tone Pitch by the hich tlicy likcwife theCoattoF ?eru. to make it more h for their VelTeLs, • in hot Countries, ch the Heat of the i Trinadad a large reat River of Oro- in of tlie faid Sub- Vdlter RtUfigh gives tion, fo fatal unto )f the faid River ; ince have done the Author of the na- Indies^ affirms it to vhich empties itfclf, everal Parts of the titles, that the Sai- ow where they are I, orthe Smell there- Lted at a conHderable ent to difcover the the fame, and that s, which I have well the Sea was covcr'd » they ftile it, which for many Leagues hey had much the the Countryman bfe- efore their Cui'iofity to take it up, and examin? 1 C89) examine its Quahties ; tho* probably , It might be of the lame Nature and \Jk, with that of divers Wells in the Province of Adi, ttkigum in Perfid, near the CMfp/Mn Sea, whence thev fetch it many Hundred Miles on Ca- mel^ beinc us'd to burn it in Umps in- Itead of Oil , it emitting a moft grateful and whollbme Odour. I might add Spcrma ' Cete Whales, out of which that Subftancc 19 extracted, are fometimes kill'd by the Natives, and fometimes by Storms, as it were (hip. wreck'd ontheShore, but either of thefc fcldom happening, there can be no great Dependance or Expedation from them. Salt is of great Ufe, cfpecially unto Euro. Va\ y^^^^^^^^ which they cannot well fub^ fift, being accuftom'd thereunto from their Infency, and without which Food hath no Rehnj. Befides it is fuppos'd, that it pre- vents Putrefaftion , and innuraerabie Dif- eafes ; and in Foreign Countries, where it hath been wanting, they have greatly fuf- ^^i^' 'i ^L "JOfeover neceflary to preferve Fifti and Fleih, which without it cannot je long kept fweet. In this Country it may be cafily and abundantly procure. Wc know divers Places, on bot|i Sides of the River, where there are many Springs and Lakes, producing plentifully excellent Salt; and alfo one Mine p£ Rock-Salt, almoft clear as Criftal, and probably there may be many more of the fame. By thefe we may not only fupply ourfelves with wiiat m "mtT'mi^^^m^ iMifmwMnnw (90) IS necefliary for our ordinary daily Food, du- ring the Winter or other Seafons, but alfo furaiQi our (I may call them Neighbour) Plantations in the Iflands , (we not being very remotf; from them,) with Fiih, Flelli, and Salt; when by Reafon of War, or o- ther fuiifter Accidents, they cannot receive due and expefted Recruits from EngiMid or elfewhere. ^ tt^ • r Silk is a Commodity of great Ufe in tfig- Uad for many Manufaftures, it being im- ported to us from trame, Italy, Stctly, iurky, and the Esjl-hdies -, and there is no Fo- reign Commodity, which exhaufts more ot our Treafure. 1 am not fo vain as to pro- mifc, this Country can furnifli Great- Brt. tain with fo much Silk, as is therein nianu- fedured, which would amount to above half a Million or a Million Sterting annually : But it this Province is ever fettled, (it abounding m moft Parts with Forefts ot Mulberry Trees, |»oth White and Red) and we keep a good Correfpondeiice with the Natives, which is both our Duty and Intereft, certainly acon- fiderable Quantity of Silk may be here pro- duced. It hath been already experimented, in South Carolina, by Sir Nathantel Johnfon and others, which would have returnd to great Account, but that they wanted Hands, Labourers being not to be hir d but at a vaft Charge. Yet if the Natives or Negroes were employ'd , who delight in fuch eafy U^ht Labours, we could have that done; foi mi Efi of pei th( Nc otl mc uni ma ply oui the div anc Tu, fa£ bui riei tlia wli tati Sec the Sill ten ed Inf grc Les cur the daily Food, du- Seaions, but alfo aem Neighbour) (we not being with FiQi, Flelh, n of War, or o- iy cannot receive from England, or great Ufe in E»g- ires, it being im- Itdy^ Sifihi iurkyy there is no Fo- exhaufts niore of fo vain as to pro- furnifli Great Bri- s is therein manu- >unt to above half a I annually : But if d, (it abounding in >f Mulberry Trees, [id we keep a good Natives, which is ;ft, certainly acon- . may be here pro- iady experimented, ir Sathmid Johnfon d have return'd to they wanted Hands, be hir'd but at a Natives or Negroes elight in fuch eafy fX have that done; for fc..Uia.tlfcrft^tei""«ii '' ■ iMH ( 91 ) for lefs than One Shilling, which coils them more then fix. Now I appeal to all good Ettglijbmen^ if we 'can raife only a Tenth Part of the Silk expended in Great Britain^ lie. and perhaps half an Age hence the Fifth, whe- ther it would not be very beneficial to our Native Country, and a little Check upon others, with whom we deal in that Com- modity, by letting them know, if they are unreafonable and exorbitant in their De- mands, that we may m a fliort Time fup, ply ourfelves, in a great Meafure, fro^^ our own Plantations ? I am not ignorant there are feveral Sorts of Silks, proper for divers diftinft Ufes, as of China, Bengale. and other Parts of the Eajf-hdies, Perfia^ Turkey^ Naples, and Sicily ; for what Manu, failures ours is moft proper, I know not j but it hath given a good Price, and Expe* rience may teach us to raife for more Ufes than one. I would advifc my Countrymen, when they fet up tliis Manufkaure, to imi- tate the Cimefe, who fow the Mulberry Seeds ^s we do Pot-herbs, and to mow thofe of one Years growth for the Young Silk Worms, the Leaves being (hort and tender, ^t Food for them when frelh hatch- ed ; and the Second for them wlien in tlieif Infancy, as I may, defervedly ftije it • when grown ftrong they mav be fupply'd witli teav^s from the Trees ; wliich Method fe- cures them from the Difeafes, whereuiitci thej^ are obi^oxious^ when fed from the Beginning, ^ .5 ""•'•' iliUftiiMi I! i -i iii wuMw ir . ^"WiwwBiwiw (90 Beginning, with great rank leaves, faves much Trouble, and leflens the Number of Hands to attend them, whichis the greatcft Expence. Hemp and Flax are not only Materials for divers Manufaftures in £>g/W, but ex- ceedingly ufeful, and indeed almoft necefla- ry in a new Colony, to fupply them with Courfe Unnens of divers Kinds, whereof, if we made much and finer, it would be no Injury to our Mother EngUnd^ who hath moft from Foreign Parts ; as alfo Cordage, Thread, Twine for Nets, and other Ufes. Tlie Plants which produce Hemp and Flax, are very common in this Country, and a- bundantly fufficient to fupply not only the Neceflities thereof, but likewife of the whole Brttifli Nation. Befides we have a Grafs, as they call it Silk Grafs, which makes very pretty Stuffs, fuch as come from the £4/- Uiies, wliich they QzWHtrbA Scurts, where- of a Garment was made for Queen £//««- htby whofe Ingredient came from Sir Wd" ter Raleigh's Cdony, by him callM K/rgww, Now mrtk-Cartlma , a Part of this Pro- vince, which, to encourage Colonics and Plantations, flie was plcas'd to wear for di- vers Weeks. This Country affords excellent Timber for Building Ships, as Oak, Fir, Cedar, Spruce, and divers other Sorts : And as I faid be- fore, Flax and Hemp for Cordage and Sails; as likewife Iron for Nails and Anchors. But \yicU- Wl car the the the ren Tn teri like con peii to ( pen and San the and con ma( ling len, in?, wit Air ing. Bitu a P to Pitd I for brin it is ■mm - p-^W ■ ^' ' = - : Ijeaves, faves the Number of his the greateft only Materiak IngUnd, but cx- l almoft necefla- pply them with inds, whereof, if it would be no Und^ who hath as alfo Cordape, and other Uies. Hemp and Flax, Country, and a- )ly not only the vife of the whole have a Grafs, as liich makes very ■i from tfie £4/- bi Scurts, wherc- br Queen £//««- le from Sir Wal" n call'd Virginidy »art of this Pro- fe Colofiies and to wear for di- :ellent Timber for ir, Gcdar, Spruce, Lnd as I faid be- 'ordage and Sails; nd Anchors. But \yich- (93) without Tarr, Pitch, and' Rofin, a Ship can never be well equipp'd ; wherefore there are divers Places in this Country near the Sea and great Rivers, which were 0- therwile ufelel's, being the moft landy bar- ren Parts of the Country, wherein tliat Tree grows which produces all thofe Ma- terials for Naval Arcliiteaure; the fame Tree likewife produces Turpentine, which is no contemptible Commodity. This Tree being peirc'd, and a Velfel convenfently feftn'd un- to or placed under the Aperture, the Tur- pentine diftiUs plentifully into it : If cut, and a Hole made under the Tree in the ^nd (for in that Soil it generally grows) the Turpentine by the Influence of the Air and Sun, without any further Trouble, bc- conies good Rofin. Pitch and Tarr are made by cutting the dry Trees into Scant- lings, taking the Knotts of old Trees fel- lea, and the reft of the Wood rotted, bum- "*?V S y?" ™*^« '^^'*e Charcoal, covering with Turf, and leaving Orifices for as much Air as Will keep the Fire from extinguifli- injg. The Moifture partly Aqueous, partly Bituminous, runs by a gentle Defcent into a Pit, what fwims is Tarr, which inflam'd to a ccrtam Degree and extinguiih'd is Pitch. ° I fuppofe it will not feem a Grievance for us^to build Ships in this Country to pring Home our Native Commodities, when It IS allow'd in our other Piantations, and fup- ^Ji»Mt^- l ifctufc . '' HP (94) fuppofed to fave us a vaft Expence of Boards, Mails, Yards, ^c. which were for- merly brought us from Norway and Smdeft, where its well known , that three Parts m four are pay'd for in ready Money, and not a Fourth in our own Native Commodi- ties or Manufaftures. Befides the Pitch , Tarr, Rofin and Turpentine, the Produce of the Trees beforcmention'd , the Afl^ which remain, with ; a very fmall Accefli- on, and little T^^oublc, will make Pot-Afties, no contemptible Commodity, and which cofts Eft^lMd every Year to Foreign Parts, (as I liave been inform'd by competent Judges) above Fifty Thoufand Pounds: But I will not infift further hereon, or mam- feft what great Quantities hereof may eafi- ly be made, and how much ftronger, than moft of that we import from R«#-«, Ltvo- i»M, CourlMd, Fruj^ Sweden, Norw^, and other Countries; we having fo many other valuable Commodities to imploy our Time and Labour about. , The mention of Pot-Alhes, fo much usd by Soap-Boilers and Dyers, brings to mmd fcveral Materials for Dying. This Country a&rds Logwood, otherwife call'd Campechc- .Wood, and many other Dying Woo^, tuftick,(^f. which, divers, who try d them, affirm, are not inferior to thofe ^rowmg on the oppofite fide of the Gulph, m the Sja- nifb Dominions, whence we have hitherto received thera, with much Charge, Hazard are Tur as upo ma 'i wh; gen I n extj or ^ ordi We Azi mil mac age ^ 1 ■■ mw i i H I vaft Expence of which were fbr- rnvay and Swede»t lat three Parts ki dy Money, and Native Commodi- ifides the Pitch , ine, the Produce ion'd , the Aflies very fmall Accefli- 11 make Pot-Aflies, iity, and which to Foreign Parts, I'd by competent ifand Pounds: But hereon, or mani- s hereof may eafi- ich ftronger, than from Ruffi^j Uvo- edepf, Norwitf, and ing fo many other imploy our Time ifhes, fo much us'd rs, brings to mind ng. This Country ife caird Campechc- her Dying Woods, rs, who try'dthertl, to thofe growing on Gulph, m the5^- j we have hitherto ich Charge, Hazard suao (95) and Trouble. There are befides the Woods in this Country, divers Shrubs and Plants, whofe Roots even as us'd by the Indians^ die the finefl: and moft durable Colours, Black, Yellow, Blue, and efpecially Red ; which \i planted, and cultivated, as Ma- ther Wood, and Saftron amongft us, might probably be beneficial unto the Underta- kers. Some Perfons are very inquifitivc , whe- ther this Country produces Gemms : I pre- tend not to the Knowledge of Diamonds, Rubies and BalafTes, Saphires, Emeralds, or CKryfolites; all that have come to my Knowledge are Ametlufts, of which there aic very fine and large, and to the Weti^ Turchoijes^ thought to be as large and good as any m the known World ; and poflibly upon Inquiry and diligent Search, others may be found. We have an Account of Upis Uztili^ which is an Indication , as Mine-Mafters generally affirm, that Gold is not fer oflT. I never did fee or hear of any L4pis L*z4tU extraordinary good, but had vifible Streaks, or Vems of pure Gold: But tho' it is not ordinarily rcckon'd amongft precious Stones , yet,, if good in its Kin(C it is fold for its Weight in GoM , to make that glorious Azure; call'd Ultramarine, without which no nparvelous, and diarable Painting can be lOflde* And Monfieur Turmfort in his Voy- age to the Uvm obferves, That befides '^^'.. tliat . in< iiiiitin -~.-^ ■ iiliteii (9 from which , wth goo< ;rea )e e h valu: Gou Ufes Man i^ead Silvc ru. Spam incrc impc Thir aU t; will Mini it nr Min< rich, an I of ai ble] Trac ouily in tl by tl of £ of G Nati( ie(s, who! .:MJtani/imAitm -<«W'-»mrftfWf^*'^^' (97) told-Mines, tl>ere fome Threads of rupted* communicate two Health, the other lies. The former much us'd and the leaves where* ong, of which fe- ny Years Experi- plcntifuUy thereof, , and the Chi»efes, I) more efpecially ig and dangerous Enemies, affirming, f hirft, Wearinefs, fion. Fear, for nd none amongft ink it , but thofe, by their Military fe obtained the Fa- ietts. which may proba- lap and plentifully, ■afcffis of the Year if JWdgeons, I have IP hSLve feen them, id halt as broad, locks fuccc^vdy , ooft upon theTrees fe t^cy often break [Jtod^iocis Heaps of rom which, with good good Management, and very Jittle Expencc, great Quantities of the bcift Salt-Peter may be extraded. Having given an Accdurit of the moft valuable Animals and Vegetables this Country produces, for Food and other Ufes, as well as Materials for Trade and Manufafture, Some, who have heard or I'ead of the immenfe Riches in Gold and Silver, that are annually exported from Pe* w, Mexico, and other Territories of the SpanUrds in Jmerica t(* «S/«/*, and of the incredible Quantities of Gold that have been imported &x>mBr4zil intd Portugal ^fyrahdve Thirty Years paft (The Bertdit of Which' all the World knows we hive fliar'ci in) will be ready to enquire, whither the like Mines cxift in this Country? Whcrcunto it may be anfwer'd ; vi^ere there no fuch Mines , yet where there Is fo good rich, feftil. Land; fo-pure and healthful an Air and Climate j.flch an Abundance of all Things for Food and lUument ; valua- ble Materials for Domeilkk and Foreign Trade ; thefe Advantages alofae, if induftri- Gufly improved, and prudently manag'd, will in the Event, bring in Gold and Silver by the Ballance of Trade, as in d» Cafe of England and Ho&md ^ who without Mines of Gold or Silver, are perhaps the richeft Nations, for the Quantity of Land they pof- iefe, and Number of Inhabitants, in the whole Commercial World. And its well «'■' H known (98) r kooiirn, that w« ?nd fome oihev uiduftti- ou$ EurouAHt r^fiv^, ia Exchange for our Commodities, the greateft Pait of the Wealth, Shich comes in fiulUon from the W>yiJ/»- M, either to Sf¥f» or P^'rt'^^. But not to diCcourage any vhofe Gcohis incl|ines them to the Dtf(?ovecy and Working of Mines, I wfll add, Who knows, ^ vit may have here as rich as my in thf known World ? Who hath fcawhjrf ? AsT-^w fcid of Gen- mmn in the Heighth oif the K CopwM"^ Qpick-fihrer, Mten , Anttmoi. ny. VitrioU thcWl w the World, Hue, aoeen, au4 White ;^bfifidcs many othw m- ueral Frodaaions^ i»hich are iow wren^hii tt» the grea^Adwalage of diwis Sowfeigii Pi»nc8S a«i theie SUb^eds* . , „ ■ " But to make •jmore iw««iilar Reply to fi^ $i;gaiaipfis* they may ht affijr'd* thai Copper IR 18 Mundane^ 9m »^p«» «»<> it is fiwnd m Phttcs, Mtts and »»« voy piwe withpuu MkdtiBS, of 'i^^t^ conf^etabh! (^unrities l«»rft heciDi gadjwr'd «a the Snr- £^:e ^f Ae ikth. Aner Cem. k(, who hath, given of the >fiBe& dte L^d in ^fffMi&i, 9oA ;hBiiHafibi«s.us^tha« befides CS>9) befides the Mines aboynding in that Metal near the Surfecc of the JEarth , they found, dteging deeper, that they prov'd the rich- eft Silver Mines, they have hitherto dif- cover d. And aO agree, the Gold extraft- bd out of Copper, k Finer, of a higher Tinaurc, or more Caratts, than that ex- trajled from Silver or any other Metal ; and that without the tedious Procefs of burn- ing feveral Times before Melting, imptoy'd conftantly, in order totlie e«traaing Copper, by Swedes and other Etfrofggm NatiS. Lead IS tlwre in great QiWitiefr Whaf fifL^'flL^*' !//,. 1 need not perhaps, mention Coi* tho mweufc&l.and pwpwt^tt -ViTood, t'wa tram SntlMd, Wtia, awt umc'-uf mr Tn. bod Countries ii^jS? 7^- Iron ^ is fa ibuDfilauM nrf) i)|a(:n ^^r pr^IroiL Jittk «|lirior. t„ Se^Go«d. rZSiS?^*?®"^;*"^ profitable y«r. W« have Knowledge of two Mines ■•■: ' H a QQci i I f ( ic/0 ) one on the Weft -, the other on the Eaft of the great River; and doubtlefs many more mTght be found if enqmr'd after. The Natives make no other Ufe thereof, than t6 paint their Faces and Bodies therewrth, in Time of War, and gf^at Feftivals. This we calVQuick-lilver, is the Mother of Quick- iilver. or the Mineial out of which it is ex- traded, and is a Rock of a Scarlet or Pur- ple Colour: which being broke and diftilld m Earthen Pots , the Necks whereof are ltt^oth.Ts aimoft full of Water, the Ettcr, for the greater Part of each of them in the Ground, then arc plac'd in Rowsja^- moft contiguous, cove^ V^'^J^fP''^C?^r' which burnmg drives the Qjuckfilver by Def- cent out of the Mineral into the Water, Three or Pour Men will tend fome Thou- fands of thefe Pots. The great Trouble « in dieein<' ; all the Expencc nor amount- irlg un^'a Tenth Part "of the Value bfthe Produce. if'" ., . ' «'* ,«u^ And it is generally obferv^d by all, Who write well on Mines, Metals, and Minerals, That tho' Silver be often found^ where there is no Cinnabar of Quick-filver m its Neigh- bourhood, yet Cinnabar is rarely found but Silver Mines are near. This Cinnabar or Ver- million, tho' a good Commodity in itfelf m Europe, and among the Savages, ^r ^ome picked chofen Pieces, is chieHr valiwble ior the Ouick-filvcr it produces; efpecially it we ever obtain a free Trade with the SpM?jt*rdr^ fc iHl'mijiirtHirw her on the Eaft doubtlefs many nquir'd after. The ; thereof, than t6 )dies therewith , tFeftivals. This Mother of Quick- of which it is cx- a Scarlet or Pur- jroke and diftill'd ;cks whereof are I of Water, the : of each of them lac'd in Rows, al- with fprayWood, tjiickfiiver byDef- ihto the Water, tend fome Thou- e great Trouble iii Mice not' aiuount- f the Value of, the ;rvM by all, who tab, and Minerals, found^ where there Iyer Ml its Neigh- is rarely found but lis Cinnabar or Ver- imodity in itfelf in Savages, for fome rhiefly valuable tor es; efpecially if we with the Sp*ffidrds\ and ( loO tnd win be beyond all Exception for our and their mutual Benefit : For moil of the Silver Oar in America^ mix'd with Quick-fil- ver, produces almoH; double the Quantity of Metal , it would do only by Melting ; fo that tiie SpMurds have annually fix or eight Thoufand Quintals , or Hundred Weight , brought unto -them from the Bottom of the Mristiek Gulph, out of the Territories of the Emperor, and the VinetiMs^ viz., fiom Mridy Styridf Csritifhiay Carfii'oU^ Friulij and palmdtia. We can fdl it them, and deliver k for half what that coils, which comes from Europe^ they being within fuc or eight Days &il of the Place where it is produced. And ^r Mexico we can deliver it for the Mines in New Bifeay^ &c. in the River of Palmes^ or Rio Brsvo, otherwiie caUjd the River of Efeondido : As alfo by the K^r of the Hou^ fdff vfhich caters me Mefchscehe, looLeag. from its Mouth, on the Weft-fide, afler a Courfe of above 500 Miles. It 1% a very large deep River, Navigable at leaft 300 Mues by Ships; afterwards unto its Head$ by Barks and flat4)Ottom*d Boats, having no Falls* It proceeds from that Narrovy Ridge of low .Mountains, which divides this Country, aod the Province of New Mexico, The mUs may be pais'd not only by Men and Horfes, but alfo by Waggons in fcf$ than half a Day^ On the other fide are fmall Navigable Rivers, which, afterafhort fi?Vficof |9 QF 40 Miles, empty tbemfelv£$ I li p ( io« ) into the abovefaid Rio Bravo^ wliich comet from the moft Northerly Part of PiwMtxt' w, in 38 Degrees of Latitude, and enters Ihe Sea at the N. W. End of the Gulph of Mexico^ in 27 Pegrees of Latitude. There is aUb another eafy Paffage, to th« Noruicrn Part of Nt^ Mexuoj by the Yel- low River, which about 60 Miles above its Mouth, is divided into Two great Branches-, or rather thofc Two Branches form that great River, which is no leis than the Mef^ thuebe^ where they are united. The North Branch proceeds from the North-Weft, and IS calVd the River of the Msfforites, from a great Nation who live thereon. The other which comes from theWeit and by South, is nam'd the Rber of the Or^w, a popu- lous Nation ofL|bat Name inhabiting 00 it$ Banks; and tS» Heads proceed from th^ aforefaid Hills, which Part the Province of Nen> Mexico from CMrciaMd, and are eafilf paffiible;. as are thofc foremcntion'd of the River of the HoAmtu^ which may be plai»? !y difcern'd by the Map, or Chart bereuiito jumex'd. But all this is infignificant to our fUitv^ nifis^ whom nothiog will fttisfy bdidesGoid and Silver ; I will therttfore here declare aH I koOw^ or have reccfV*4 ftom credible Perr iocs, and wiU not add a Titile. I am w*^ ioferm'd of a Place, from ^he^ce the /**- mt have brought a MefeCal, (n^ V^ell i^ ^fed lefiaM) and tb>t dirersTimesy wMcb foi iin frc ed frc by fuc tie th( tb tr3 Ba or «a ed ad leg V« to] lio Fr Tl 1^ I I vof wlilch comet •art of Mw Mixi' itude, and enters I of the Gulph of ^titude. fyPaflage, to the xicoj by the YeW to Miles above its o great Branches*, ranches ftwm that Ids than the Mef lited. The North North-Weft, and Mdfforites^ from a lereon. The other eft and by South, le Ozigesy a popU" ; inhabiting on it$ proceed from the rt the Province of 4, and arc eafitjT irementionM of the hich may be pkift- , or Chart hereunto ficant to our Plat^' iatisfy beT^ksGoid ^e here dodave aH t fbom credible Per-r iTitde. I tmw^ n whence the /**- steal, (wot yell m* Jiyers Tiwes^ which ( '03 ) purified, produced Two Parts Sih^er. A«d I have an Account from another, who was with the hdUmSf and hid from theOi k* form Ma^es c( fuch likt Silver, tod very fine Pale Copper, though above soo Milit from the Country, where the foremention* ed was found. I have by me Letters from New 'itffey^ written m*ny Years uoce^ by a Perfon very well tkill'd ui the Refia* ing of Metals, fignifying, that divers Xeai3 fucceflively, a Fellow, who wat there of lit« tie Efteem, took a Fancy to ramble With the IniiMs beyond the Hdl% whidi ftparate that Colony and Nfftf fork from this Coun* try ; he always brought Home witli him » Bag, as heavy as he could well cajrry, of Duft^ or rather finall Particles of dhrent Sorts or Me* tik verjr ponderpus. When melted tt appear^ ed a Mixtureaf Metals, unto which they could aflign no certain DenomiiiatiQa; butpeiccivVI by many Trial$» that it coiitahlM Lead^fCop- per, and, when refin'd, aboviB a Thira ^Htt Silver and Gold; fbt tho' the Gold wi6 the leaft in (^laoti^^ yet it was confiderabi^ in Value ; which is ea% difeover'd by any tokrablo Asrtift of a Rtfiher, who knows^ lldw to feparate Gold ahd Stiver, aqd whiir Proportioii the l4afi contains of each. There were great Pains talnni td bring iim F^Iow to diicovef, \|rhere be had this, I may call) Treafure, it iervmg him to fyk^ f^d fpty till he wcm oa aAOtberEx. H 4 pedition^ .^fi- -P«W- ( 104 ) pcdition; But neither Promifes nor Impor- tunities would prevail. Some made him DfuA, yet he ftillkept his Secret. All they could ever fifli out of him was, that about joo Leagues South-VTeft of Jer- fey, at a certain Seafon of the Year, there fell great Torrents of Water from fome Motmtains, I fuppofe from Rains, which be- ing pafs'd over , the lndiar/s walhd thi Sand or Earth fome Diftancc below the Falls, and in the Bottom remained this Medley of Metals : Which brings to mind what happen'd lately in Br4/»/. Several Fw- tujruer* being guilty of heinous Crimes, or afraid of the Refentment of powerful Ene- mies, retreated from their Habitations, to the Mountains of St. Paul, as they call d them, lying in "between 20 and j 9 Degrees <>f South-Latitude, above 200 Miles from ^cir neareft PUntatidns, and yearly increafing, at lenjrth formM a Governm6nt;^amongft them- fel^s? Some iiiquifitive Berfoii' twrwivw^, in divers Places, fomewhat glyfter^ after the Canalk of the" Torrents, prpduc'd by great Rains, at a certain Time of the )fear,^were dry , upon Trial found it (the Sand aiid Filth being wafli'd away) very fine Q)W. They having upon Confultation amafs4 a tM Qjiantrtjy thereof, made their Peace Srith the Kjng of Portugd, dnd are a pe*. culiif Jurififiaion, paying the King lusQumt or Fifth , ' Which is referv'4 ift ^U Grants ai no wJ th CO W] p ■'^^ ;■|^^^■ in mifes nor Impor- k)ine made him his Secret. All )f him was, that th-VTeft of Jer^ f the Year, there Vatei* from fome i Rains, which be- dians wafh'd thi ftance below the om remained this ;h brings to mind irsftl. Several Fiiatural Hiftory unanimoufly re* port; That tiie jwh Mines in ^f «, ^» which the C^htgMiums fo much depended, andwhicb greatly kitch'd them, were in thj Murm and JP/f'tfiivf Mountains, ^^ niolt Northerly Part of Sftiny and in a mucj greater NQr4iern Latitude, than the furtheft Mines of i\^» Utsko^ near their Capital City Su d fiff, fituate in about 36 Deg;r^ Not but that mere are more and fieher Mines more Northerly than St. 4 Fec^ but they are hinder^ from working them, by Jbvee or Four pqpulous and welfpoUc^d Na» tions, who have beat the SfMisris in mauy l^ncouiii^rs , not to fay Battk? i ^^ ^ tlUj ma I their Domeftick very magnificent, itry. To fey no- ley have confide- proportionabte 'm. ^er. But there is run almoft due ;n their Country »roady and in di- ;, abounding with bey can work, for And Negroes. And, they unanimoufly t the Richer the h brings to mind ^ and many others Hiftorians, and y unanimoufly re* les in Spany upo» b much depended, I them, were in thp luntains , the moft , and in a mucli B, than the furthei near their Capital about 36 Peg;r9e9t ; more and richer than St.dfee^ but working them, by ind welipolic^d Na» B SfdBuris in many y Battkt i ^^ ft* (107) a Hundred Years, riiey have not been abtei by their own Confeffion, to gain from thesft one Inch of Ground. P% in particular afiirms , That tvttf Year Twenty Thoufiuid iPounds of GoM were brought from their Mines In Stam • And that one Mine csXi^A BeheU$^ from the firft Difcoverer, yeiided to Hmnihaly every Day Three Hundred Pounds Weight of Silver; beGdtt a very rich copious Mine of Mini, um, Cinnabaris, or Vermillion, theMotheir of Quickfilver, out of which only it is ex- tratted. He adds, Thai; the Bmhmbs con^ tmued to work thefe Mines unto his Time, which was above Three Hundred Years; but they were not then fo profitable, by Reafon of Subterraneal Waters, which gave them much TrouWl^ they having then dig. ged Fifteen Hundrid Kces into the Moun- tam. But what is vwt reimrksUe, and to our prdent Purpofe, *fl«fe Mines were not m the moft Southerly or Middle farts of ^Mi» , but as above to the Northward, Now I defirc any Intelligent Ferfoii^ skilfi3 m Mmeral Aflairs, to affign a probable Rea- fon, why we, who ttr« on that Side of the Ridge of Hills obnrted to the Rifing Sun, which was always (how juftly I know fiot) reckoned to akwnd in l^ettals and Mi- nerals, more than thofe expos'd to the Set^ tmg Sun, nuy not hope for, and expe£l a$ fi^ny ai|4 as rich Afines, as any the SfMiif^ ^- ^^^ ( io8 ) jf^ apMtftffs of, on the other or Wcft» ide oTthefe Mountains? Efpecially fmce fe- yeral of the Spafufi Hiftorians and Naturae iiih qbferve, that the Mines on the Ea- tern fide of the Mountain of Potofi m Peru, arc much more numerous and rich, than ^qfe o^ thp yreftcrn^ Ck SflCji-T" jc other or Weft* fpecially fmce fe- ns and Naturae incs on the Ea- of Potofi in Peru, and rich) than A P P E N D I X. A N EXTRACT ,:■ ■ O F T H E CHARTER King I. Charles iji w^Gr^cr m|RjD^^ &c. To an to whom thefts §r^s Jhall come Greeting, i ;* [HERE AS, Our Trulty and Well- ' beloved Subje6i and Servant, Sir Roterf Heath, Knight, Our At- torney General, being excited with a laudable Zeal for the pro- pagating the Chriftian Faith, the Enlarge- ment wrmimtimmtmmim 'mmKr (no) torn of Out Empipe and DdmiiA»Ji^ jttn tiifecrra^^ Trtdeand Commerce of Our yhsimrioB bumbty boTbiight Leave of Uk, by his own Induftry and Charge, to tran- fpoit an an^f Colony of Qur^Subjcas, &(i urito a certain Country hereafter dcfcribd, in the Parts of Americ0i between the De- grees of Ji and 36, oi Northern Utitudc m- dtifively, not yet ci(kival«d or planted, tiTf. Kn o w ye therefore, That We fevoui:- ine^tiie pioiw and laudaWo Purpofe of pitf fafdAttonief, #K)ur ipecfel Grace, ctrtam Knowledge, and mer^ Mofcion, have given, granted and confirmed, and by this Our pre- Sbl Chin^r dojglve, ffant And confirm ui%. teaie fiuASir i&r^ &tf* Knight, bfa Hetrt, and Aflignes, for ever, All that River or Ri- vulet of St. MMeo on i!i\e South Part, and all tliat Rtver or P.ivulei of f-jM^** on thc^orth ftrt, ana aB tand^, Tenements, and Hereditaments, lyin^, hem|, and ex- tending between or withm the laid two Ri- vers, by the Traa there unto the Oceantw the E-)^* and mftern Parts, fo far forth and as mucli as the Continent there extends iiilf, with every of their Appurtenances. And alfo aU thofe Iflands of ^"J«and^ hams. And all other Iflaeds anrtlte lOT thereto tod lying Smh^r^, ^^^^ *^ iSm afldigi^la^Havfeirs of ^higi^-Roaaji r or vc oi to £] lit di. Li Fr Lj m ox an £;■ OBJ un ani Us a« am m I light Leave of Uk, Charge, totran- pur Subjeds, &(i ereaftcr dcfcrib'd, between the De^ rthern Latitude in- 1 Of planted, ^c. That We fevoui:* to Pufpofe of pitf dftl Grac«9 certain totion, have given, d by this Our pre- it tnd confirm uiv I Knight, his Hcift, 1 that River or Ri- he South Part, and I of f4^ ^"^^ o" Lands, Tenements, Iff, hei«5, and ex- £ the laid two Ri- > unto the Ocean e« Parts, fofarfiMth :inent there extends leir Appurtenances. 5 of VeAtiis and B*- vBdd andHIets sea? vr^ of and from the \ lie witittfi ?i 2»«l Utode jadufivch-, teas of ^|ft^ NKoad^ ,1^0 the iaid Rivers, Iffands ( lit ) Iflands and Lands beloncing ^ and all isrounds, Lands, Woods, L^es and Rivera within the Regions, I^hunds and Liioits a- ^e&id, fituate or being ; with a^ Kind$ of FiOies whatfoever, Whale^ Sturgeons, aiKl other Royat Fifh and Fifhings m the 9ea and Rivers. And all Veins, l3ines, PJei, as weM open as fliut, of Gold, Sihcr, Gems, precious Stones, and other Sftones, Metaifior Thi«ps whacfoever, within tfae faid Region, .Territory, inlands or Limits albfreiaici, SaiiA ortobeKHind. And alt BmrbAages aadAd- vowfonsof all Churches, whkh^ \i^ Incieafo oi Chriftiah Religion, iha^horedfter hapten to be buik wiihin the iaid Rt^OA, TcrriEt»)^ Kkid and Limits aforeiiid » « wiitli ^^ ^n4 filiKuIair, and with as ampte Righua, juptf- diaions) Privileges, Pl^fogativesj K^iesu Liberties, Immunities, Royal Rights and Franchifes whatfoever, it9^ MJiSltif 9ea as Land, within the faid Region, Territory, Mands and Linries afbrciaKl; ■ f^ Iiav«i uft^ exercife and enjoy, in as aihpte JMbimer, as any Bifliop of Durham in Our Kittgdbm of England, ever heretofore have, held, ufedor ^joyed, or of Right ought Of could have. u» or enjcy. ■ Am* Mmj thefeid'SirR#fc»f »4i*, W^Hei^ an* Affi^, We dfy by tiltf^ Pr «fets, ft? Us, Our Heins and Sueccifors, 9^& oitte an* coaftitun^ ^e true anil abf^iit^ JEj(»ik and Proprietors of the laid Region aiicfiT^^' ntory aforefaid, a«id of all other the Pre* mifes, ( 112 ) «nUe^ fivine alwaVs the Faith and Allegf- Si* due tf Us, bur Heirs and Succe(for» 2S S theCoimtry. or Territor/ thusi>y (i? e^ and defcJibM, may be d«mfy'd *; tHSh a. la'8eTitlesandF^.v^eB«a» any other of Our Dominions and Territo " K^o-lTvS^" Ve of Our further Grace, JZ Jowkdge, and »~?^^oti™j. tovj thousht fit to erea the feme Traa oi SS Country and Wand, into a Province, Sni'o?ri%eli of our Royal Pgver iniPreroeative, We do for Os, OurHtiirs ^^SSS ««a andjincorporit. th« CetoM^a Province, and do mme it C«r»- ISLS: the ProvinU of C«_»/««, ajjd die cSd ^nds the CW«4lflandva™lfo from toicefertb vriB b»ve them caB d, ^f. ■,3i«.«^ /itfA dmj of oaobei', «/» ^^* fT» ^^^^ er ^ ATB. THEB.E are divers other Grants^ Licences and Privileges, ^^Y^^^^h^'fjf' munitics, in the laid Charter comm d and fct forth, which, uppn perufel thereof wiU more fuUy and at large app^r. . _. , THrAdditiooal Claufe from the Board of Trade, n -wrUo u- To #. " '^w i r*^' B^ii ith and AUcgr* ; and Succeflfors. erritory thus by nay be dignify'd and Privileges as ns and Territo- lur further Grace, ;re Motion, have fame Traa of 1, into a Province, 3ur Royal Power or Us, Our Heirs incorporate the do name it Cm^O' (CsrolMttdy and the lands, aiKl fo from caird, ^e* ftminfter the tbir*^ in the Fifth Tear rf 'tts Other Grants^ Royalties, and Im- er contained and fet u^ thereof will ppear. [fe from the Board J y To ( "3 ) «» To the KJng^s mof Excellent Majestv, IN Obedienc^ to Your Majesty's Com- mands fignified to us by the Right Ho- nourable Mr. Secretly Sermon, upon cke Petition of Dr. Coxe in Relation w the Province of CaroUn, ^]^^ c^^^;^^ p^^.. ^We have conf^der'd his iaicf^ Petition, anj humbly crave leave to reprcfcnt unto Your MAJEStY. ^jRsr That Your Majesty»s Attorney-Gene- ral upon thePerufal of Letters Pate^ and Conveyances produc'd to him by Dr^C.*^ has reported to iis his Opimon, That Dr C^x. has a good Title inTa^^tothe fS Provmce of CW4«4, extending from n to IL^^ ^^ ^^|£4titude^inclufivl, oa the Continent of Amei^M, and to feveral adjacent Iflands. ^ to leyeral Si^d WUtefcalt, y.. ■•-. Stdnfori Lexington P, Mtsdows IViHism BlMthwMih JohmPoiltxfeH Abraham HiU i^fOTie Stefney I An n « .m wii-nia>"»»#»i' a* ClH) An AbilfMci cf the firji MemorUl Hente4 to limg WilUatn, being 4 Demonflmion cfthfjMjl Pretinfons of A^ MA3ESTy 'the Kf4 V England unto tht^rc^vm^'J Carola^a/-/«i^ Florida, W of the fre- fenp Proprietor under i»i^^AjESTY, SEB ACTION CabotA in the Year i497» by ih^ CommilTion and at the Expencc of- King Henry VII. difcovcr*d all the Coaft of Jmerka, fronting the North or %Untfck Cton, from the Degrees ot ^ to 28 of M^Utitude, Twenty Y^^^^ fore any other Europeans had vifited that vaft CoadA^nt ; M app^rs not only from oiit i^Tiirnptorians,ancf eofmographers, but dtlb it^O^^'the Teftimony of the moft emi. thfelr l^atfeetdry w. k^K^"'^ *. ^J'^^ Jfebraterf^ttiflbnan, andGomarM, if 9 whom Ve apteal: As afip unto the jfiunpus K#. ^r/^,\moA impartial Perfon, Secretary to the renowned Republick of remce, whofe Works were Printed in the Jear 1550; and his elegant epntcnipor^ry Paulus^ovrus. ' About Twenty Years after, the 6.«fkr« Part of this Continent adjacent to the Gulph o^Bahantai and that, afterwards gyid the Gulph of Mexico, "■ was vifited fitft by the SpimMs commanded by ^^^n Ponu^^e Leon. Ten Years "after, Vaf^mez. 4r&« landed upon |t, with a more confiderable Force j and i I c c i 1 f a t( b tJ i; F n tl / al L ai Y L i^ w Ul nc le '^iMltiiiitf"'-'**!' iiaiiiiiii-inmi'iiiW"' ' — ) MemorUl frefented tg 4 Demonf ration of hu Majesty unto the Pron/ince of la^ «»|^# and pfdtans, nunvflf the IwiU^s, who ^wcre m that Expedition, retreated to C^/*-*/^ from vfhom Monfieur Oe SaUc received moft of his to- formation, concerning tht^ Country, by him afterwards more fuUy difcover d. And ihey icrv'd liim for Guides and Interpre- ters ; as is attefted by Monfwur Le Tomy, who aocompany'd MonGeur DeSslle : As ,alfo by Monfieur Le CM, in u Book pub- lilh'd by Owkr of the Iremh King. For which Rtafortf and divers other Paiges favouring inadvertently %\i^ Ef>gU{b Preten- tions, his Journal Pxint;fid at P^m, was cal- led in, and that Book of One Livre Price, is not now to be .purch^s'd tor Thwty '^TKi Fke Nations,, in the Territory of BenA^ firho liavef^r above Thirty Years volantartfy fiibjeaed theinfelves Jo the jiing -of Engl^^, had amq^^d all tha^ Part ot •the Country, from thssx.jown Habitations to and .beyond Mefykmk „(a?, the atomen- tion'd Monfieur le -^vnty more tl^ once acknowledges: As alfo father L.C/^;^ m his Hiitor^ of C4«4^4 i»rintcd by Order m 160O fold, made ov^r, and furrenderd, . aU their ConqueJfts and Acquifitions th^ein, to the Government of h!^ Tor^ , which therefore of Right ibdoftgs to the Efigltjb' "-"^ ' The < i t f t F r^ e n a f 1A ct V k \\ . b( w ci tfl Iia (ii>f»»nii •M* ainiMtir i '^" "-'•''■- ' "" ■«» ■ ■" " tw-w ) Ibon afte»* break- lUjb and Indians^ ho were in that f;f4at Part of ar,/0»rn Habitations [| ,g(^, *Ji® gfopejnen- tty { more than once Father Le Clerk in Irinted by Order in ipi\ and furrenderM, Acquifitions thctein,^ ^'ew Tork, which sngs to thfe Ef'glifif' The The Prefeiit Proprietary oi Caroldin ap. prehending, from what Information he had receivd, that thePIantmg of this Country irould be highly beneficial to the Ej,pIhL QBdeavourd divers Ways to acquaint himl I "^J^ }^^ -^f?^^' Soil and Produa* ^lereof; difcover'd divers of its Parts ; firft- irom Carolina, afterwards from PeufilvMia, bv thtSHfquehamh River ; and many of his Pe(i pie travell'd to Nerv Mexico, . , t r Soon after the faid Propriety of C-k /•o/4«4, made another Difcovery tei-e South] eriy, ^bjr the great River m^ko^, .^ receivd art Account of that CountiV beto a^togbther m\^n , and whpre^ito the W to this Day, are utter Str^wg^rs. ; _The faid Proprietary, about th* lame ijrae, made another Difcoverv mare tr. tl«N<^th.Weft, beyond tb. kL^%;Z ftfc, of a very er«at Sa or Uke of frefli Water, feveral f houfand Miles in Gircui? wTJ '^•'^ " s'?" «r«' « **^. W, End, ifluing out mto the ««/*.*«.. ,j bout the Latitude of 44 Degrees: which was tjjai cojEmunfcjted to tlw Privy.C6m^ ?^io„^|^'^"^'*'^ '^ft « ^T""^ . And fihce' We are affu/d, the £«♦//)&, S r'? ^«^^£^^^^^over'd the f^d^^ f^^^'^'^^^ eacerVi by shipping They Jikew^e «)afted ail that ereat Coatip^nt unto ilie 5^s of Tm^L^J^ I ■I'i j FteHiv*. ( J20 ) «A. B»Ba%:'' going and returning a very SSi'S:»nd afe Navis»tmn, and tte SWttuch dyilizM; and dming tUeVoy- ^^ though iiey did not (m*^ Places XrTtfwr caU'd) ftay in the whole Ten ^ yTthey oitain^, %f«f I.^* SeNanves, above Fourfcore^ound Weight te,^"^r Parts of thk Country w^ difcover'd by the&.«* %0'^^^Zf^^ iSes. Ida* before the Fre'ch J^d tlie ^y^ thereof. Colonel IV.«lm Slw^^&iS5' at the Falls of 7'*»«f Syf'flXte Year i«i#«> 1664. ^^ ^d *t^*ril Times, fe«^l Bra-l" °/ rfS ■ Rwift aivers OWo and W^Wefc. I ^sSKdibout Twenty Yea^ ago.rf Z. jSiS*.4cry Qjiarry,.. which willfupply tHi with .jUiiie, tor many Ages ; befides raafty ether Encouragements , v;hich are eomprehe&ded In another Memorial. i stf"- |>,::Cox«. 'iicmVfi<* S.%-' for "build'ng a :olony, the Ad- it, fruitful, and nd iSreed froiii- pply tttiih with tides matfy ether e cpmprehttided 0. Co3^«. '■.rV^ ' r.' '4lM^. f. 9 4iJ 'W. t, :ror» Ui the «?S|in|j,i|&<| .a^-^ >1,-.. i#-'.i ^{^.^-'^-^^' ' ■J ' 'ia!«'-^-4i-ti'^. ! !» ' i!J^g J ^ ,.i-f.,-.j>-«-^»a--^-