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 )elure. 
 
 H 
 
 32X 
 
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No. 12. 
 
 PROTECTION ^o^fARMERS, 
 
 The National Policy Securee 
 Home Market for Frodaots. 
 
 the 
 
 IMP0BT8 OF QB&IN BEDUOED. 
 
 tht Libarali D«t«nnln«d to Abollth FrotMtioii 
 
 for Fannen-Tb« Farm tnd th* 
 
 FMUry A1U*4. 
 
 Many farmers are told, lud honestly be- 
 liove, that only the manufacturer baa pr<>. 
 teclWe duties, while farm products are open 
 to free trade. The present tariff laws Impose 
 the following direct protective duties on 
 ttiiricultural products : Barley, 15 cents pw 
 biwhel ; buckwheat, oats, rye, -Mch 10 cents 
 ner baebel ; wheat, U cents per bunbol ; 
 bran and millfeed, 20 per cent, ad valorem ; 
 beaus, 15 cents per bushel ; peas, 10 oents ; 
 twktmeal, J cent per pound ; wheat flour, 60 
 ccnlK per barrel ; rye flour, 60 cents per bar- 
 rel ; all other breadstuffs, 20 per cent, ad 
 valorem. Besides these there are pro- 
 Ipclive duties on fruits, vU. : Ap- 
 (.les, 40 cents per barrel ; blackberries, 
 vootoberries, raspberries and strawberries 2 
 oents per quart ; cherries and currants 1 cent 
 per quart ; cranberries, plums and quinces .SO 
 cenlH per liunhel; also, on trees imported of 
 from 2 cents to 5 cents. These duties and 
 others on lesser products tend to keep out 
 fureiiin competitors, especially on our south- 
 rm Ixfriler.aud lesve our home market almost 
 extluHlvely free lor our own faimers. Under the 
 protective tariff the farmers of Canada have 
 ri'diiced the amount of grains of all kinds and 
 flour imported from the United States into 
 Canada from 65,000,000 bushels in the seven 
 years, 1873-1879, to 30,000,000 in the 
 
 KEVIU TEARS or TBI PHOTCUTIVI riHIOD. 
 
 This is what the trade returns say. But 
 there is mere than that in the protective sys- 
 tem The farmers have in the development 
 of co.ton factories, woollen factories, mills of 
 all kinds, sugar refineries, coal mining and 
 other pursuits, by tl'.e Nftional Policy an 
 ever ln;;!eaeiag devolopiuent of the demand 
 .'or the food products of the country. Every 
 man set to work at good wages and full time 
 m a factory is a good customer for the farmir. 
 He has a family a' d he maintains it 
 by the wages received from his work 
 as an it operative. Thus each wage- 
 earner in the mill aud factory is In a 
 poslMun to give the farmer a market 
 for five people on the average. Mills and 
 factoricja at ttie very door of the farmer are 
 therefore his natural allies. Horace Oreeley 
 used to teU a story in illusttatlon of this fact. 
 A Oonoectiout former bad always oppose<l 
 protection as enricliing the manufacturer at 
 the er.frcuse of his own class. The farmer 
 one year contracted for clearing 100 acres of 
 his wo'idland at $10 an acre and what could 
 be mads from the wood. Before the Jab was 
 flnisbed the protective tarifl was pMied. 
 A furnace for making pig iron 
 from charcoal was put up In his 
 neighborhood, and Its owners paid him 
 $20 per acre for the wood on 200 acres o f 
 similar woodland. Here was a difference of 
 $600 to him between Iron made at home and 
 Iron Imported (and a home market for all he 
 roiled, from cabbages to cattle), 
 
 TU •BUT P0t>T TDK TBI riMtU 
 
 ii where and bow shall be find a boma mar- 
 ket for his products. If he has no home 
 market ; if he Is exoladed from the Unlte<t 
 Btatei markets by protective tarilTs specially 
 Intended tn keep him out; tf he flnds his own 
 ooontty invaded by the produots of the far- 
 man on the olhe side, as many farmers now 
 llTlDf well know from sod ex- 
 p«ri«*o« ; if be finds that tb« ontilde 
 
 market open to bim— that of England— Is also 
 open to the products of East Indian, Russian 
 and American wheat fields, and that the sup- 
 ply from these countries is yearly outstripping 
 the demand, the Canadian farmer is in a 
 poor way. The develop'aent of railways may, 
 aiid doubtle»s does, assist him by reducing 
 the cost of transport from the field In Canada 
 to the consumer in England, thus enabling 
 him to obtain a price for his wheat nearer the 
 Liverpool price thaii was the case ten years 
 ago. But the assistance is comparatively 
 small. What he wants is the homo market. 
 What he wants Is to have the Lome market 
 increased as rapidly as possible. Tins has 
 been doue in Canada by the National Policy, 
 which has put up u fence against the Ameri- 
 can farmer, preventing hlir. from bringing In 
 his surplus produots to the same extent as 
 formerly, which has caused great develop- 
 ment in manufactures and others industries, 
 giving many more mouths to feed, and which 
 has caused the construction of railways, 
 
 LUSINWa TBI COST OV TBABSFOBTATIOM. 
 
 There is another way In which the factory 
 in the neighborhood of the farm helps the 
 farmer. Indeed it Is the experience of the 
 United States that we cannot have the best 
 farming until -70 have the best manufactur- 
 ing alongside the farm. Obtaining the best 
 prices at the lowest cost of transport the 
 farmer is better able to keep up the pro- 
 ductiveness of the farm by the use of fer- 
 tilliers. Ho has every leason to keep up the 
 productiveness. It has been shown ttiat in 
 the farming states of Iowa, Minnesota and 
 Kansas, wher<t there are few factories, the 
 avera;re yearly cash value of the principal 
 crop ver acre is $9.62, whHe in the six New 
 England states, the home of manufactures, 
 the average yearly cash value of the prhiclpal 
 •rops is $16.62 per aore,and in Pennsylvania, 
 another hive of manufiioturing and mining 
 industries, the as jrage yearly cosh value is 
 $17.23. 
 
 The furmer' of Canada seek to make their 
 lands as productive as those of the best por- 
 tions of the United States. They can only 
 do so by means of an alliance between the 
 farm and the factory. Take off, as the oppo- 
 nents of the National Folicy propose, the duties 
 on flour and those on grains of all kinds 
 and products of the farm must come off also. 
 With what result? The farmers in the 
 United States will be able to send their sur- 
 plus farm products on equal terms to the 
 cities of Canada all along the line, and cut 
 out the Canadian farmer, who must sell bis 
 products in the far off markets doing the 
 least profitable business, and handing over to 
 bis rival the most profitable part, the supply 
 of the near market. 
 
 811 BOW IT WORKS IN WBIAT AMD nODB. 
 
 In tbe fiscal year ended 30tli Jnne, 1870, out 
 of a total estimated yield of twenty-fcur and a 
 half million bushels ofwheat we exported over 
 eight mllltous In wheat and the manufactured 
 fiour. In 1886, out of a total estimate yield 
 of twenty-four million bobels, v i only ex- 
 ported 2,900,000 bushels. That is, nut of 
 eveiy three busVels raised one was exported 
 under the old tiirlff, wbHe nnder the new tariff 
 out of every eight busbeir onljr one wai 
 exported. Bemove the dntlet on flour, 
 and this every leading laan among 
 the opponenti of the National Puliof 
 has iigreed to do as the price of the support 
 of the free traders in the Eastern provinces, 
 and you close the flour mills of Canada, you 
 expose the ftirmen to an unfair cxmtietltiun 
 from the prntootedirCrmers and millers t>t the 
 United States, andlyou com|>el the farmers of 
 Canada to go book to the old state of things, 
 namely, to oxport their produce (o the far- 
 off Founlr> , aud eome Into c(>m[)etitlun with 
 the cheap labor of India and Kuusia, without 
 having the lieneflt of the high price* which 
 mlnliB Liverpool befora Ibe East Indian 
 wheat trad« iuwl grown lo lU itrsMut disMm- 
 •Ions. '^ 
 
 HOW THC N. P. BEKEriTH THE 
 rABHEB. 
 
 Sir John Hacdonald, In his speech at Ottawa 
 before the Workingmen's LIberal-Oociservative 
 association and Le Cerole Lafontaino, said : 
 
 <■ I don't think the prosperity or the pro- 
 grcL's of the country can be disputed. I shall 
 avail myself of a few figures placed in my 
 hand by a statisticiaB of high rank, and if I 
 could mention his name you would know he 
 is an authority almost Infaillible on such sub- 
 jects." He thea read the following state. 
 ment: "Two great facts stand prominently 
 out before the laboring classes of Canada In 
 connection with the fiscal polio;, of the 
 Liberal -Conservative party. Tae first fact is 
 that the importation of articles of food and 
 drink during the Reform period amounted to 
 $169,000,000. During the period of 1880-85, 
 In which the present tariff has been in opera- 
 tion, the importation of those articles has 
 been only $106,000,000. The average yearly 
 Imports under the Cartw.ight tariff were 
 $42,000,000 and during the National 
 Policy period $17,009,000. If we take 
 into account the Increase of population 
 for six years over half a miMlon more people 
 to be fed than in the Orit period, we find 
 that the diffbrcnce, in thi class of our im- 
 ports, betwuen the two periods is not less 
 than $!iO,000,000 annually, a sum which, 
 divided among those of our population en- 
 gaged in pastoral and farming pursuits, would 
 put Into the pockets of each one $50 a year, 
 that would otherwise have 
 
 QOMB WTO TBI POOKITS Of rABHIM 
 
 outside of Canada. An examination of tbeu 
 imports phows that the decrease has rot been 
 in spiritb, wine, ale and other drinks, for the 
 average annual import of these under the 
 Cartwright tariff was $1,858,900, against 
 $1,670,000 a year during the last six 
 years. Neither Is it in the liuport 
 of tea, which, regard being had to 
 increase of populdtion, remains about' 
 the same In both perio<is. The reduction 
 is in the imports of breadstuffs, of fruits, of 
 vegetables, of provisions and of refined 
 sugar, all but the last i>eing articles from the 
 farm. The reduction iu the Imports of 
 vegetables alone is over $3,250,000 a rear, 
 or nineteen million dollars in the six years of 
 the present tariff, as compared with the old 
 tariff period. In this class of Imports, im- 
 ports of articles of food and drink, wo im- 
 ported about one-third as much as iu the pre- 
 ceding period. Where did we gut the! 
 balance — the other two-thirds? It was pro- 
 duced by our own people. Two-thirds of 
 the whole consumption of this country, 
 which formerly was imported from foreign 
 countries, is now muuufoctured, produced 
 and created by the people of Canada. 
 
 TBI UOOND QBIAT fAOT 
 
 is tlint the import of raw materials for manu- 
 facturing purposes during the period from 
 1874 to 1878 was $46,760,000, or $9,200,000 
 a year, while during the period of the Na- 
 tional Policy It baa been $105,600,000, or 
 $17,600,000 a year. This Increase from 
 $9,200,000 to $17,600,000 a year liiustratea 
 the extent to which the artisans of this coun- 
 try have been bnn«fitt«(l by the present tariff. 
 Taking this morxased consumption of raw 
 material Imported for manufacturing purpose* 
 as a rough guide, there has been an Increase 
 of 93 per cent, in the number of employee* 
 in the fiictorloi of Canada. 
 
 Thus again the former Is benefited as well 
 0* the artisan. The latter flnds wurk to do, 
 because we now inaoufocture at home what 
 we formerly imported from abroad. The 
 farmer finds a largely increased home luarket 
 and a largely deornased importation of articles 
 of food from other countries. Hence springs 
 our prosperity, which Is the more remarkabi* 
 baoauBo all aroand v«Ui« oiy of >idepnMtoa" 
 hai been h«ard."