.\J^. \^ ^^ .\^ IMAGE EVALUATrON TEST TARGET (MT-3) & {< f/. ^ '^ 1.0 1 125 1^ 2.2 1.1 f . "^ 1^ IL25 mil 1.4 11.6 V] /] 7 W Hiotographic Sciences Corporation WIBSTER.N.Y. USSO (7l6)a7a-4S03 # ^ iV 5V >^ %. '*i.^ «••!;** .^' CIHM ICIMH Microfiche Collection de Series microfiches (l\/lonographs) (monographies) Canadian Instituta for Historical Microraproductions / Institut Canadian da microraproductiona hiatoriquaa Technical and Bibliographic Notes / Notes techniques et bibliographiques The Institute has attempted to obtain the best original copy available for filming. Features of this copy which may be bibliographically unique, which may alter any of the images in the reproduction, or which may significantly change the usual method of filming, are checked below. 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J 2t 1 2 3 1 2 3 4 5 6 M SCARLET FEVER. PREVENTABLE DISEASES. SCARLET FEVER, Published by the Authority op the Central Board OF Health of the Province of Quebec. Read thU carefully , and keep it for future reference. Additional copies of this and other Pamphlets on Preventable Diseases may be obtained gbatis by application to the Secietary of the Okntsal Boaud ok B-^Aum, 30 St. James St, Montreal. y^ PREVENTION AND RESTRICTION "^ SCARLET FEVER. This disease, a very contagious one, among the public is known under a variety of names, such as "Scarlatina," " Scarlet Rash," "RoseEash," "Canker Rasl," ''Rash Fever," and "Malij, ant Sore Throat." It is a very fatal disease, and even when recovery from the fever takes place, after consequences, often of a serious character, are very apt to occur. It is principally met with in children. Adults who have escaped it in child- hood often take it, though generally milder than it attacks children. One attack as a rule protects from a second attack, but to this there are many exceptions. Some childrAn aoarn ru>/>ni{»«i^ -«- ceptible to this disease, and sever T attacks ^re not uncommon. The snsceptibility grows less with advancing age. It is most common under ten years of age. The contagion or poison of the disease is a very active one. It may be communicated by contact, orthft poison may be carried in the clothing of persons entering the sick room to those who are well and to them thus communicated. It is espe- cially liable to adhere to clothing or drapery, with a rough surface; also to furs, and the hair of domestic animals. The poison thus collected maintains its activity for many months — even for years — especially in clothing packed away. The severity of the disease depends upon the tl^oat symptoms. When these are well marked there is a discharge from the mouth and nose. These dis- charge are extremely contagious. The discharges from the bowels are less so, but still may com- municate the disease. The patient will be a focus of contagion, so long as the skin continues to peel. This is a most important fact to be remembered, for a child should not mix with the susceptible till the skin is done peeling. The period for this varies from a mcmth to three months. I I The period of incubation means the time which . elapses from exposure to the disease, till the disease manifests itself. This varies from a few hours to twelve or fourteen days. There is not any known means by which scarlet fever can be prevented attacking those who are susceptible, when they are exposed. It is there- fore of the greatest possible importance, that the well should be protected by the isolation of those who have the disease. No matter how mild the attack, isolation should be thoroughly carried out. A mild case « can produce a malignant one, the severity depending upon the susceptibility of the patient. Isolation Sec. — A child with a sore throat, fever, 'and a red rash, should at -uce be isolated, and a phy- sician called in to decide as to its nature. If he state that it is scarlet fever, the isolation should be thorough and complete. The patient should be placed on the top flat of the house in the largest and best ventilated room, which must be cleafred of all needless clothing, drapery, carpets, etc., to which the poison is likely to become attached. Even clothing in closed drawers or wardrobes, must not 8 be allowed to remain. The attendant on the sick ahonld not mingle with the honaehold ; if it i. a neoewity for her to do so. she should first wash her hands, face and head, and change her clothing. The clothing of the nurse should be of such a character, that it can be desinfected by boiUnjr or dry heat. All children who have not already had the disease, should at once be sent away from the infected house.-Such children should be quaran- tined till the period of incubation is passed-this to date from the time of their removal. The ikmily of the infected house should as much as possible quarantine themselves-thr^t is. abstain from mix- ing with the public. Handkerchiefc or linen used to receive the dis-" charges must only be used once, and then burned Soiled clothing, bed linen and towels, on removal from the patient, should at once, and before re- moval from the room, be placed in a pail or tub of boiUng zinc solution, made in the following proportion : — Snlphat, of Zinc FonroanoM. CommonSalt v.^,,^ ^•^ Ooegrilon. 9 When practicable, the discharges from the month and nose shonld be received into a vessel contain- ing chloride of lime, copperas, or the zinc solution mentioned above. All discharges from the kidneys and bowels, should be so received. They should then be thrown into the water closet. When these do not exist, they should be at once buried, care being taken that this is done, at the very least, one hundred feet from any well. They should never be thrown into any running stream, cesspool or privy, without having first undergone complete disinfection by the use of the zinc solution or copperas solution of the strength of three pounds of copperas to two gallons of water. All vessels, spoons, etc., used by the patient, must be kept very clean, and should be washed by the zinc solution, and then in hot water. Food that has been in the sick room and not used should never be placed in the swill-barrel. It should be buried as directed for the discharges from the kidneys and bowels. The spread of Scarlet Fever, through the air, may be greatly prevented bv anointincr the body with either cocoa, butter, vasseline, oil or 10 mutton suet, the sekotion being left to the attend- ing physician. Letters should never be written in the sick room for they are extremely likely to carry away with them germs of the disease, and thus transmit it to susceptible localities. When the patient is thoroughly convalescent, the peeling of the patient's skin can be facilitated by giving him every two or three days a warm bath. Should death occur, the body should be wrap- ped in a sheet soaked in the zinc solution made with the usual strength, and at mce placed in an air tight coffin, a^id immediately hermetically sealed. It should never be, exposed to the view of relatives or friends The funeral also should tjJ^^T^' n*'^!. P^"^' ^"""^ '^ reasonable A li. / f*"*^ '"'*'**' *''<»"1<1 «t»t« the cause of death, and that the flineral had taken place and was pnvato. * 'M DISINFECTION. All articles of small value, which are likely to -y tii« inwouoii, snouid be completely burned. 11 ' 'M Those that are valuable and can be so treated, should be soaked in the zinc solution, or subjected to a dry heat of 260 F. in a disinfecting oven. Articles which cannot be so treated must be sub- jected to the fumes of burning sulphur, and for several days after, exposed to open currents of fresh air. Books and furs wh'ch patients may have handled, should be treatea to the fumes of sulphur. Eooms that have been occupied by scarlet fever patients, should be disinfected with sulphur fumes ; all articles of clothing, bedding, etc., should be spread out so as to expose the largest amount of surface to the action of the disinfectant. All openings into the room must be closed tightly — place the sulphur in an iron pot or tray — support- ed on bricks— in a tub containing a little water. Set the sulphur on fire, either by live coals or a small quantity of rectified spirits or alcohol, lighted by a match. As soon as the sulphur is burning well, leave the room and close the door. Be careful not to breath sulphur fumes. It requires ten i^^wii^Ass vx oux^uui xui a £\;u£a l\j leec square, and at least two pounds more tor every additional 1000 12 cubic feet of air space. The room must remain closed for at least five or six hours. All the win- dows in it must then be opened and air allowed freely to circulate through it. It must then be scrubbed and whitewashed. If the room is' papered, it is advisable to remove the paper before disinfection commences. All water closets, privies, cess-pools and drains must be freely treated by the copperas solution. Dilute the poison in the sick room by the intro- duction of fresh air, but at all times, and especially dunng the stage of convalescence, great care must be taken that cold drafts do not blow on the patient. GENEBAL RULES. 1. Avoid the contagion of scarlet fever, and re- member that children under 10 are more sus- ceptible than adults. 2. Never allow a chUd near a case of scarlet fever. Unless your services are essential, for the sake al oi to 18 of your children, keep away from any house in which the disease may be. 8. Never ride in a closed carriage in which there has been a case of scarlet fever, unless it has been disinfected. 4. When scarlet fever is present, avoid the use of all substances which irritate and cause raw- ness of the throat. Persons with a raw or inflamed throat are very apt to take the disease. 6. Avoid any one who has a sore throat. Under ' any circumstances do not kiss such a person or inhale their breath. Do not use the same vessel to drink from that has been used by a scarlet fever patient. When there are Local Boards of Health, report all cases at once. In disinfection, the experience of Boards in towns and cities, will enable them to do it more thoroughly and at less expense than you can do it for yourself .f** \ Read this Circular carefully, and then jiut it away for reference in case of need. ^ \\