o >^.i8^. 
 
 ! I 
 
 IMAGE EVALUATION 
 TEST TARGET (MT-3) 
 
 1.0 
 
 I.I 
 
 1^121 125 
 
 itt lU 
 
 2.0 
 
 u 
 
 IL25 H 1.4 
 
 111 
 
 1.6 
 
 <0% 
 
 ^ 
 
 ^ji 
 
 Photographic 
 
 Sciences 
 
 Corporation 
 
 ¥^ 
 
 ^ 
 
 .^i^ 
 
 <^ 
 
 ^. 
 
 "V 
 
 <«^ 
 
 33 vmr MAIN STRUT 
 
 WIUTIR.N.V. 14SM 
 
 (71*) •71-4S03 
 
 >^^^1^^ ^ 
 
 ^V^ 
 
 ^ 
 
 ;\ 
 

 4^ 
 
 & 
 
 I 
 
 CIHM/ICMH 
 
 Microfiche 
 
 Series. 
 
 CIHM/ICMH 
 Collection de 
 microfiches. 
 
 Canadian Inttituta for Historical Microraproductions / Institut Canadian da microraproductions historiquaa 
 
Technietl ■nd ■ibiiographle NotM/NotM tachniquM et bibliographiques 
 
 Th« Institut* has attamptad to obtain tho bott 
 original copy availabia for filming. Faaturtt of thia 
 copy which may Im bibiiographieally unlqut, 
 which may altar any of th« iniayat ii^ tho 
 raproduction, or which may tignifieardtly ehangt 
 tha usual mathod of filming, art ehaelcod bolow. 
 
 □ Colourad covars/ 
 Couvartura da coulaur 
 
 I — I Covars damagad/ 
 
 Couvartura andommagit 
 
 □ Covars rastorad and/or iaminttad/ 
 Couvartura rastauria at/ou PtIlioulAa 
 
 I — I Covar titia missing/ 
 
 D 
 
 D 
 
 n 
 
 
 
 La titra da couvartura manqua 
 
 Colourad maps/ 
 
 Cartas gtographiquas 9n ooulaur 
 
 Colourad ink (i.a. othar than blua or biaolt)/ 
 Encra da coulaur (i.a. autra qua bltua ou nolr«) 
 
 r~pi Colourad platas and/or illuftritlona/ 
 
 Planchas at/ou iliustrationt tn eoulqur 
 
 Bound with othar matarial/ 
 RaliA avac d'autras dooumanta 
 
 Tight binding may causa shadows or distortion 
 along intarior margin/ 
 
 La r9 liura sarr^e paut causar da I'ombra ou da la 
 distortion la long da la marga inttriaura 
 
 Blank laavas addad during rastoration may 
 appaar within tha taxt. WHwww poulbia, thasa 
 hava baan omittad from filming/ 
 II sa paut qua cartainas pagaf blanehat aJoutAas 
 lors d'una rastauration apparalsat nt dans la tPMta, 
 mals, lorsqua cala Atait possibla, oas pagot n'ont 
 pas it* fiimAas. 
 
 Tha 
 toti 
 
 L'Institut a microfilm* la maillaur axomplaire 
 qu'il lui a *t* possibla da sa procurar. Las details 
 da cat axamplaira qui sont paut-Atra untquas du 
 point da vua bibliographiqua. qui pauvant modifier 
 una imaga raproduita, ou qui pauvant axiger una 
 modification dans la mAthoda normals da filmago 
 sont indiqute ci-dassous. 
 
 pn Colourad pages/ 
 
 D 
 
 Pages da coulaur 
 
 Pages damaged/ 
 Pages endommagies 
 
 Pages restored and/oi 
 
 Pages resta«irAes et/ou pellicul6es 
 
 r~n Pages damaged/ 
 
 r~n Pages restored and/or laminated/ 
 
 The 
 pos 
 oft 
 
 film 
 
 Orif 
 beg 
 the 
 sioi 
 othi 
 firsi 
 slot 
 ori 
 
 Pages discoloured, stained or foxed/ 
 Pages d*color*es. tacheties ois piquies 
 
 Pages detached/ 
 Pages dAtachies 
 
 y I Showthrough/ 
 ' Transparence 
 
 r~n Quality of print varies/ 
 
 QualitA inigale de ('impression 
 
 Includes supplementary material/ 
 Comprend du mattriai supplAmentaIre 
 
 Only edition available/ 
 Seule Edition disponibia 
 
 The 
 she 
 TIN 
 whi 
 
 Mai 
 diff 
 enti 
 beg 
 rigK 
 req 
 mei 
 
 Pages wholly or psrtially obscured by errata 
 slips, tissues, etc., have been ref limed to 
 ensure the best possible image/ 
 Les pages totalament ou par*iellement 
 obscurcies par un feuiilet d'errata, una pelure, 
 etc., ont *t* filmies A nouveau de fa^on A 
 obtenir la mailleure image possible. 
 
 Additional comments:/ 
 Commentairas supplAmantalras 
 
 Irrspilir psiinction : (i]-xix, (llxvi, [1]-ie8.19ep. 
 
 This item is filmed at tha reduction ratio ehaoliod balow/ 
 
 Ca document est film* au taux da rMuetion indlqui oi-daaaous. 
 
 10X t4X liX 22X 
 
 y 
 
 12X 
 
 1IX 
 
 nx 
 
 26X 
 
 30X 
 
 MX 
 
 2IX 
 
 32X 
 
:ails 
 
 du 
 
 >difier 
 
 une 
 
 naga 
 
 The copy filmed here has been reproduced thanks 
 to the generosity of: 
 
 National Library of Canada 
 
 The images appearing here are the best quality 
 possible considering the condition and legibility 
 of the original copy and in keeping with the 
 filming contract specifications. 
 
 Original copies in printed paper covers are filmed 
 beginning with the front cover and ending on 
 the last page with a printed or illustrated impres- 
 sion, or the back cover when appropriate. All 
 other original copies are filmed beginning on the 
 first page with a printed or illustrated impres- 
 sion, and ending on the last page with a printed 
 or illustrated impression. 
 
 L'exemplaire film* f ut reproduit grAce A la 
 gin6rosit6 de: 
 
 BibliothAque nationale du Canada 
 
 Las images suivantes ont 4t4 reproduites avec le 
 plus grand soin, compte tenu de la condition at 
 de la nettetA de l'exemplaire film*, at en 
 conformity avec les conditions du contrat de 
 filmage. 
 
 Les exempiaires originaux dont la couverture en 
 papier est imprimte sont filmte en commenpant 
 par la premier plat at en terminant soit par la 
 dernlAre page qui comporte une empreinte 
 d'impression ou d'illustration, soit par le second 
 plat, seion le cas. Tous les autres exempiaires 
 originaux sont filmte en commenpant par la 
 premiere page qui comporte une empreinte 
 d'impression ou d'illustration at en terminant par 
 la dernlAre page qui comporte une telle 
 empreinte. 
 
 The last recorded frame on each microfiche 
 shall contain the symbol ^^ (meaning "CON- 
 TINUED"), or the symbol V (meaning "END"), 
 whichever applies. 
 
 Un des symboles suivants apparaltra sur la 
 dernlAre image de chaque microfiche, selon le 
 cas: le symbols — »- signifie "A SUIVRE ", le 
 symbols ▼ signifie "FIN". 
 
 Maps, plates, charts, etc., may be filmed at 
 different reduction ratios. Those too large to be 
 entirely included in one exposure are filmed 
 beginning in the upper left hand corner, left to 
 right and top to bottom, as many frames as 
 required. The following diagrams illustrate the 
 method: 
 
 Les cartec, planches, tableaux, etc., peuvent Atre 
 filmte A des taux de reduction diff Arents. 
 Lorsque le document est trop grand pour Atre 
 reproduit en un seul clichA, 11 est film* A partir 
 de I'angle supArieur gauche, de gauche A droite, 
 et de haut en bas, en prenant le nombre 
 d'images nAcessaire. Las diagrammes suivants 
 illustrent la mAthode. 
 
 rrata 
 o 
 
 lelure, 
 
 □ 
 
 32X 
 
 1 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 1 
 
 2 
 
 » 
 
 4 
 
 8 
 
 6 
 
'^o 
 
 ^.••■'•'SW^'K •^'^\ f'-Vv '* 
 
 ^'^ll0^ttl(#S| 
 
 .^m 
 
 */ -. 
 
 '^^ '/^ 
 
 y*"*.' ) ""^r. 
 
 4^ 
 
 '*^' 
 
 ;';^^ . 
 
 iSfSi 
 
 ■"*H 0^ 
 
 ■■■s^J^ 
 
 
 '''^.,^' 
 
 
 «e J. 
 
 Sttk-f- 
 
 ,J§ 
 
 >*; 
 
 
 *", ',$ % 
 
 ■^ 
 
 ■? 
 
 
 •N 
 
 
 V 
 
 \ . 
 
 X s ,. ", \ > 
 
 V 
 
 
 \- 
 
 ( 
 
 
 .•^\«.^ 
 
'A 
 
 'Vtsr 
 
 ^:: 
 
 r-v 
 
 >;- 
 
 N 
 
 
 ( - ^ ^ ' ^ ^ ^ ' 
 
 \J 
 
 
 
GENERAL ORDERS. 
 
 HORSE GUARDS, 
 
 \st January ^ 1836. 
 
 His Majesty has been pleased to command that, 
 with the view of doing the fullest justice to Regi- 
 ments, as well as to Individuals who have dis- 
 tinguished themselves by their bravery in Action 
 with the Enemy, an Account of the Services of 
 every Regiment in the British Army shall be pub- 
 lished under the superintendence and direction of 
 the Adjutant-General ; and that this Account shall 
 contain the following particulars, viz. : — 
 
 The Period and Circumstances of the Original 
 
 Formation of the Regiment ; The Stations at which 
 it has been from time to time employed; The Bat- 
 tles, Sieges, and other Military Operations in which 
 it has been engaged, particularly specifying any 
 Achievement it may have performed, and the 
 Colours, Trophies, &c., it may have captured from 
 the Enemy. 
 
 The Names of the Officers, and the number 
 
 of Non-Commissioned Officers and Privates Killed 
 or Wounded by the Enemy, specifying the Place 
 and Date of the Action. 
 
 a 
 
/ 
 
 u 
 
 GENERAL ORDERS. 
 
 The Names of those Officers who, m con- 
 sideration of their Gallant Services and Meritorious 
 Conduct in Engagements with the Enemy, have 
 been distinguishei with Titles, Medals, or other 
 Marks of His Majesty's gracious favour. 
 
 The Names of all such Officers, Non-Com- 
 
 missioned Officers, and Privates, as may have 
 specially signalized themselves in Action. 
 
 And, 
 
 The Badges and Devices which the Regi- 
 ment may have been perraittedl to bear, and the 
 Causes on account of which such Badges or Devices, 
 or any other Marks of Distinction, have been 
 granted. 
 
 By Command of the Right Honorable 
 
 GENERAL LORD HILL, 
 
 ;. Commanding'in-Chief, 
 
 John Macdonald, 
 
 Adjutant- General. 
 
^ HI ) 
 
 ?* 
 
 v.r,5>',>' 
 
 •i '' 
 
 >(>'■>' 
 
 . •(■ 
 
 :I7'' 
 
 PREFACE. 
 
 f-MfV:^,- 
 
 The character and credit of the British Army must 
 chiefly depend upon the zeal and ardour by which 
 all who enter into its service are animated, and 
 consequently it is of the highest importance that any 
 measure calculated to excite the spirit of emulation, 
 by which alone great and gallant actions are achieved, 
 should be adopted. 
 
 Nothing can more fully tend to the accomplish- 
 ment of this desirable object than a full display of the 
 noble deeds with which the Military History of our 
 country abounds. To hold forth these bright ex- 
 amples to the imitation of the youthful soldier, and 
 thus to incite him to emulate the meritorious conduct 
 of those who have preceded him in their honorable 
 career, are among the motives that have given rise 
 to the present publication. 
 
 The operations of the British Troops are, indeed, 
 announced in the " London Gazette," from whence 
 they are transferred into the public prints: the 
 achievements of our armies are thus made known at 
 the time of their occurrence, and receive the tribute 
 
 o2 
 
iv 
 
 PREFACE. 
 
 of praise and admiration to which they are entitled. 
 On extraordinary occasions, the Houses of Parlia- 
 ment have been in the habit of conferring on the 
 Conmaanders, and the OflScers and Troops acting 
 under their orders, expressions of approbation and 
 of thanks for their skill and bravery ; and these 
 testimonials, confirmed by the high honour of their 
 Sovereign's approbation, constitute the reward 
 which the soldier most highly prizes. 
 
 It has not, however, until late years, been the prac- 
 tice (which appears to have long prevailed in some of 
 the Continental armies) for British Regiments to keep 
 regular records of their services and achievements. 
 Hence some difficulty has been experienced in obtain- 
 ing, particularly from the old Regiments, an authen- 
 tic account of their origin and subsequent services. 
 
 This defect will now be remedied, in consequence 
 of His Majesty having been pleased to command 
 that every Regiment shall, in future, keep a full and 
 ample record of its services at home and abroad. 
 
 From the materials thus collected, the country 
 will henceforth derive information as to the difficulties 
 and privations which chequer the career of those who 
 embrace the military profession. In Great Britain, 
 where so large a number of persons are devoted to 
 the active concerns of agriculture, manufactures, 
 and commerce, and where these pursuits have, for so 
 
PREFACE. V 
 
 long a period, been undisturbed by the presence of 
 warf which few other countries have escaped, com- 
 paratively little is known of the vicissitudes of active 
 service and of the casualties of climate, to which, 
 even during peace, the British Troops are exposed in 
 every part of the globe, with little or no interval of 
 repose. 
 
 In their tranquil enjoyment of the blessings which 
 the country derives from the industry and the enter- 
 prise of the agriculturist and the trader, its happy 
 inhabitants may be supposed not often to reflect on 
 the perilous duties of the soldier and the sailor, — on 
 their sufferings, — and on the sacrifice of valuable life, 
 by which so many national benefits are obtained and 
 preserved. 
 
 The conduct of the British Troops, their valour, 
 andendurance, have shoneconspicuously under great 
 and trying difficulties; and their character has been 
 established in Continental warfare by the irresistible 
 spirit with which they have effected debarkations in 
 spite of the most formidable opposition, and by the 
 gallantry and steadiness with which they have main- 
 tained their advantages against superior numbers. 
 
 In the Official Reports made by the respective 
 Commanders, ample justice has generally been done 
 to the gallant exertions of the Corps employed; but 
 the details of their services and of acts of individual 
 
n 
 
 PREFACE. 
 
 bravery can only be fully given in the Annals of the 
 various Regiments. 
 
 • These Records are now preparing for publication, 
 under His Majesty's special authority, by Mr. 
 Richard Cannon, Principal Clerk of the Adjutant 
 General's Office ; and while the perusal of them can- 
 not fail to be useful and interesting to military men 
 of every rank, it is considered that they will also 
 afford entertainment and information to the general 
 reader, particularly to those who may have served in 
 the Army, or who have relatives in the Service. 
 
 There exists in the breasts of most of those who 
 have served, or are serving, in the Army, an Esprit 
 de Corps —an attachment to everything belonging 
 to their Regiment ; to such persons a narrative of 
 the services of their own Corps cannot fail to prove 
 interesting. Authentic accounts of the actions of 
 the great, the valiant, the loyal, have always been 
 of paramount interest with a brave and civilized 
 people. Great Britain has produced a race of heroes 
 who, in moments of danger and terror, have stood 
 ** firm as the rocks of their native shore :" and when 
 half the world has been arrayed against them, they 
 have fought the battles of their Country with un- 
 shaken fortitude. It is presumed that a record of 
 achievements in war, — victories so complete and 
 surprising, gained by our countrymen, our brothers, 
 
 iu_. 
 
PREFACE. 
 
 vii 
 
 our fellow-citizens in arms, — a record which revives 
 the memory of the brave, and brings their gallant 
 deeds before us, — ^will certainly prove acceptable to 
 the public. 
 
 Biographical Memoirs of the Colonels and other 
 distinguished Officers will be introduced in the 
 Records of their respective Regiments, and the 
 Honorary Distinctions which have, from time to 
 time, been conferred upon each Regiment, as testify- 
 ing the value and importance of its services, will be 
 faithfully set forth. 
 
 As a convenient mode of Publication, the Record 
 of each Regiment will be printed in a distinct num- 
 ber, so that when the whole shall be completed the 
 Parts may be bound up in numerical succession. 
 
I 
 
 T;i. 
 
 / 
 
 / 
 
 .i'.i Ma f '.K/a!- ivSr^v' ':■/■' 
 
 .'■Ui ".'•"i- 
 
 y 
 
 1-m' 
 
 .■n\ 
 
 
.;■.•:.■:..)■.; 
 
 ''^*^ 
 
 INTRODUCTION 
 
 TO 
 
 '^'.' 
 
 .■I-'., 
 
 
 THE INFANTRY. „, ..^ 
 
 '^ 
 
 -;■■ !■ 
 
 The natives of Britain have, at all periods, been 
 celebrated for innate courage and unshaken firmness, 
 and the national superiority c^ the British troops 
 over those of other countries has been evinced in 
 the midst of the most imminent perils. History con- 
 tains so many proofs of extraordinary acts of bravery, 
 that no doubts can be raised upon the facts which 
 are recorded. It must therefore be admitted, that 
 the distinguishing feature of the British soldier is 
 Intrepidity. This quality was evinced by the 
 inhabitants of England when their country was 
 invaded by Julius Caesar with a Roman army, on 
 which occasion the undaunted Britons rushed into 
 the sea to attack the Roman soldiers as they de- 
 scended from their ships ; and, although their dis- 
 cipline and arms were inferior to those of their 
 adversaries, yet their fierce and dauntless bearing 
 intimidated the flower of the Roman troops, in- 
 cluding Caesar's favourite tenth legion. Their arms 
 consisted of spears, short swords, and other weapons 
 of rude construction. They had chariots, to the 
 
I'll 
 
 : ! 
 
 1 I 
 
 Z INTRODUCTION 
 
 axles of which were fastened sharp pieces of iron 
 resembling scythe-blades, and infantry in long 
 chariots resembling waggons, who alighted and 
 fought on foot, and for change of ground, pursuit 
 or retreat, sprang into the chariot and drove off 
 with the speed of cavalry. These inventions were, 
 however, unavailing against Caesar s legions : in 
 the course of time a military system, with dis- 
 cipline and subordination, was introduced, and 
 British courage, being thus regulated, was exerted 
 to the greatest advantage ; a full development of 
 the national character followed, and it shone forth 
 in all its native brilliancy. 
 
 The military force of the Anglo-Saxons consisted 
 principally of infantry : Thanes, and other men of 
 property, however, fought on horseback The 
 infantry were of two classes, heavy and light. 
 The former carried large shields armed with spikes, 
 long broad swords and spears ; and the latter were 
 armed with swords or spears only. They had also 
 men armed with clubs, others with battle-axes and 
 javelins. 
 
 The feudal troops established by William the 
 Conqueror consisted ( as already stated in the Intro- 
 duction to the Cavalry) almost entirely of horse : 
 but when the warlike barons and knights, with their 
 trains of tenants and vassals, took the field, a pro- 
 portion of men appeared on foot, and, although 
 these were of inferior degree, they proved stout- 
 heartea Britons of stanch fidelity. When stipen- 
 diary troops were employed, infantry always con- 
 stituted a considerable portion of the military force ; 
 
TO THE INFANTRY. 
 
 XI 
 
 s of iron 
 in long 
 ted and 
 , pursuit 
 Irove off 
 •ns were, 
 ons : in 
 dth dis- 
 ed, and 
 exerted 
 iment of 
 ne forth 
 
 lonsisted 
 men of 
 
 i The 
 light. 
 
 1 spikes, 
 er were 
 
 lad also 
 
 xes and 
 
 iam the 
 e Intro- 
 liorse : 
 th their 
 , a pro- 
 though 
 stout- 
 stipen- 
 's con- 
 force ; 
 
 and this arme ha? .-' e acquired, in every quarter 
 of the globe, a ce brity never exceeded by the 
 armies of any nation at any period. 
 
 The weapons carried by the infantry, during the 
 several reigns succeeding the Conquest, were bows 
 and arrows, half-pikes, lances, halberds, various 
 kinds of battle-axes, swords, and daggers. Armour 
 was worn on the head and body, and in course of 
 time the practice became general for military men 
 to be so completely cased in steel, that it was 
 almost impossible to slay them. 
 
 The introduction of the use of gunpowder in the 
 destructive purposes of war, in the early part of the 
 fourteenth century, produced a change in the arms 
 and equipment of the infantry-soldier. Bows and 
 arrows gave place to various kinds of fire-arms, but 
 British archers continued formidable adversaries ; 
 and, owing to the inconvenient construction and im- 
 perfect bore of the fire-arms when first introduced, 
 a body of men, well trained in the use of the bow 
 from their youth, was considered a valuable acqui- 
 sition to every army, even as late as the sixteenth 
 century. 
 
 During a great part of the reign of Queen Eliza- 
 beth each company of infantry usually consisted of 
 men armed five different ways ; in every hundred 
 men forty were " men-at-arms" and sixty ^^shot ;** 
 the " men-at-arms " were ten halberdiers, or battle- 
 axe men, and thirty pikcmen ; and the " shot " were 
 twenty archers, twenty musketeers, and twenty 
 harquebusiers, and each man carried, besides his 
 principal weapon, a sword and dagger. 
 
\M 
 
 
 iiii 
 
 m 
 
 xu 
 
 INTRODUCTION 
 
 Companies of infantry varied at this period in 
 numbers from 150 to 300 men ; each company had 
 a colour or ensign, and the mode of formation re- 
 commended by an English military writer ( Sir John 
 Smithe) in 1690 was ; the colour in the centre of 
 the company guarded by the halberdiers ; the pike- 
 men in equal proportions, on each flank of the 
 halberdiers ; half the musketeers on each flank of 
 the pikes ; half the archers on each flank of the mus- 
 keteers, and the harquebusiers (whose arms were 
 much lighter than the muskets then in use) in equal 
 proportions on each flank of the company for skir- 
 mishing.* It was customary to unite a number of 
 companies into one body, called a Regiment, which 
 frequently amounted to three thousand men ; but 
 each company continued to carry a colour. Nume- 
 rous improvements were eventually introduced in the 
 construction of fire-arms, and, it having been found 
 impossible to make armour proof against the muskets 
 then in use (which carried a very heavy ball) without 
 its being too weighty for the soldier, armour was 
 gradually laid aside by the infantry in the seven- 
 teenth century : bows and arrows also fell into dis- 
 use, and the infantry were reduced to two classes, 
 viz. : musketeers^ armed with matchlock muskets, 
 
 * A company of 200 men would appear thus : — 
 
 20 20 20 .SO 2 .SO 20 
 
 ■rquobuwi Aichcrt | Muikvti. Piko*. lUlbi'ila. rikoi, MuHkcti. 
 
 20 20 
 
 Arcliari. Ilnrquebuaat. 
 
 The musket carried a ball which wci^^hed -,i^th of a pound ; and the 
 harquebus a ball which weighed ^I'jth of a pound. 
 
TO THE INFANTRY. 
 
 XUl 
 
 period in 
 ipany had 
 lation re- 
 ( Sir John 
 centre of 
 the pike- 
 k of the 
 I flank of 
 the mus- 
 rms were 
 I in equal 
 for skir- 
 Limber of 
 T, which 
 len; but 
 Nume- 
 ed in the 
 ;n found 
 muskets 
 without 
 3ur was 
 e seven- 
 nto dis- 
 classes, 
 mskets, 
 
 20 
 
 llurquebuaaa, 
 
 ; uiid the 
 
 swords, and daggers ; SLndpikemen^ armed with pikes 
 from fourteen to eighteen feet long, and rwords. 
 
 In the early part of the seventeenth century 
 Gustavus Adolphus, King of Sweden, reduced the 
 strength of regiments to 1000 men. He caused the 
 gunpowder, which had heretofore been carried in 
 flasks, or in small wooden bandoliers, each contain- 
 ing a charge, to be made up into cartridges, and 
 carried in pouches ; and he formed each regiment 
 into two wings of musketeers, and a centre division 
 of Pikemen. He also adopted the practice of form- 
 ing four regiments into a brigade ; and the number 
 of colours was afterwards reduced to three in each 
 regiment. He formed his columns so compactly that 
 his infantry could resist the charge of the celebrated 
 Polish horsemen and Austrian cuirassiers ; and his 
 armies became the admiration of other nations. His 
 mode of formation was copied by the English, 
 French, and other European states ; but so great 
 was the prejudice in favour of ancient customs, that 
 all his improvements were not adopted until near a 
 century afterwards. 
 
 In 1664 King Charles II. raised a corps for sea- 
 service, styled the Admiral's regiment. In 1678 
 each company of 100 men usually consisted of 30 
 pikemen, 60 musketeers, and 10 men armed with 
 light firelocks. In this year the King added a com- 
 pany of men armed with hand grenades to each of 
 the old British regiments, which was designated the 
 " grenadier company." Daggers were so contrived 
 as to fit in the muzzles of the muskets, and bayonets, 
 
XIV 
 
 INTRODUCTION 
 
 ■I.: 
 
 ir!l^' 
 
 t ■ 
 
 t 
 
 m 
 
 similar to those at present in use, were adopted 
 about twenty years afterwards. 
 
 An Ordnance regiment was raised in 1685, by 
 order of King James II., to guard the artillery, and 
 was designated the Royal Fusiliers (now 7th Foot). 
 This corps, and the companies of grenadiers, did 
 not carry pikes. 
 
 King William III. incorporated the Admiral's 
 regiment in the second Foot Guards, and raised 
 two Marine regiments for sea-service. During the 
 war in this reign, each company of infantry (ex- 
 cepting the fusiliers and grenadiers) consisted of 14 
 pikemcn and 46 musketeers ; the captains carried 
 pikes ; lieutenants, partisans ; ensigns, half-pikes ; 
 and Serjeants, halberds. After the peace in 1697 the 
 Marine regiments were disbanded, but were again 
 formed on the breaking out of the war in 1 702.* 
 
 During the reign of Queen Anne the pikes were 
 laid aside, and every infantry soldier was armed 
 with a musket, bayonet, and sword ; the grenadiers 
 ceased, about the same period, to carry hand gre- 
 nades ; and the regiments were directed to lay aside 
 their third colour: the corps of Royal Artillery 
 was first added to the Army in this reign. 
 
 About the year 1745, the men of the battalion 
 companies of infantry ceased to carry swords ; during 
 
 *** 'Vhe 3(Hh, Slst, and 32nd Regiments were funned as Marine corps 
 in 17^)2, bnd were employed as such during the wars in the reign of 
 Queen Anne, 'llie Marine corps were embarked in the Fleet under 
 Adiniml Bir ( icorge Rooke, and were at the taking of Gibraltar, and 
 in itt lubiteiiiient defence in 1704 ; they were after^vards employed at 
 the liege of lioroelona in 1706. 
 
TO THE INFANTRY. 
 
 XV 
 
 "ft?. 
 
 the reign of George II. light companies were added 
 to infantry regiments; and in 1764 a Board of 
 General Officers recommended that the grenadiers 
 should lay aside their swords, as that weapon had 
 never been used during the Seven Years' War. 
 Since that period the arms of the infantry soldier 
 have been limited to the musket and bayonet. 
 
 The arms and equipment of the British Troops 
 have seldom differed materially, since the Conquest, 
 from those of other European states ; and in some 
 respects the arming has, at certain periods, been 
 allowed to be inferior to that of the nations with 
 whom they have had to contend ; yet, under this 
 disadvantage, the bravery and superiority of the 
 British infantry have been evinced on very many 
 and most trying occasions, and splendid victories 
 have been gained over very superior numbers. 
 
 Great Britain has produced a rate of lion-hke 
 champions who have dared to confront a host of 
 foes, and have proved themselves valiant with any 
 arms. At Crecy^ King Edward III., at the head of 
 about 30,000 men, defeated, on the 26th of August, 
 1346, Philip King of France, whose army is said to 
 have amounted to 100,000 men ; here British valour 
 encountered veterans of renown : — the King of Bo- 
 hemia, the King of Majorca, and many princes and 
 nobles were slain, and the French army was routed 
 and cut to pieces. Ten years afterwards, Edward 
 Prince of Wales, who was designated the Black 
 Prince, defeated at Poictiers^ with 14,000 men, 
 a French army of 60,000 horse, besides infantry, 
 and took John I., King of France, and his son, 
 
XVI 
 
 INTRODUCTION 
 
 I 
 
 ! i 
 
 Philip, prisoners. On the 25th of October, 1415, 
 King Henry V., with an army of about 13,000 
 men, although greatly exhausted by marches, pri- 
 vations, and sickness, defeated, at Agincourt, the 
 Constable of France, at the head of the flower of 
 the French nobihty and an army said to amount to 
 '60,000 men, and gained a complete victory. 
 
 During the seventy years' war between the United 
 Provinces of the Netherlands and the Spanish mo- 
 narchy, which commenced in 1578 and terminated 
 in 1648, the British infantry in the service of the 
 States-General were celebrated for their uncon- 
 querable spirit and firmness;* and in the thirty 
 years' war between the Protestant Princes and the 
 Emperor of Germany, the British Troops in the ser- 
 vice of Sweden and other states were celebrated for 
 deeds of heroism.f In the wars of Queen Anne, 
 the fame of the British army under the great 
 Marlborough was spread throughout the world ' 
 and if we glance at the achievements performed 
 within the memory of persons now living, there is 
 abundant proof that the Britons of the present age 
 are not inferior to their ancestors in the qualities 
 
 if 
 
 * The brave Sir Roger Williams, in his Discourse on War, printed 
 in 1690, obser^'es : — " I persuade myself ten thousand of our nation 
 would beat thirty thousand of theirs (the Spaniards) out of the field, 
 let them Ije chosen where they list." Yet at this time the Spanish 
 infantry was allowed to be the best disciplined in Europe. For 
 instances of valour displayed by the British Infantry during the 
 seventy Years' War, see the Historical Record of the Third Foot, or 
 Buffs. 
 
 t Vide the Historical Record of the First, or Royal Regiment of 
 Foot. 
 
TO THE INFANTRY. 
 
 XVU 
 
 which constitute good soldiers. Witness the deeds 
 of the brave men, of whom there are many now 
 surviving, who fought in Egypt in 1801, under the 
 brave Abercromby , and compelled the French army, 
 which had been vainly styled Invincible^ to eva- 
 cuate that country ; also the services of the gallant 
 Troops during the arduous campaigns in the Pen- 
 insula, under the immortal Wellington ; and the 
 determined stand made by the British Army at 
 Waterloo, where Napoleon Bonaparte, who had 
 long been the inveterate enemy of Great Britain, 
 and had sought and planned her destruction by 
 every means he could devise, was compelled to 
 leave his vanquished legions to their fate, and to 
 place himself at the disposal of the British Govern- 
 ment. These achievements, with others of recent 
 dates, in the distant climes of India, prove that the 
 same valour and constancy which glowed in the 
 breasts of the heroes of Crecy, Poictiers, Agincourt, 
 Blenheim, and Ramilies, continue to animate the 
 Britons of the nineteenth century. 
 
 The British Soldier is distinguished for a robust 
 and muscular frame, — intrepidity which no danger 
 can appal, — unconquerable spirit and resolution, — 
 patience in fatigue and privation, and cheerful obe- 
 dience to his superiors. These qualities, united with 
 an excellent system of order and discipline to regu- 
 late and give a skilful direction to the energies and 
 adventurous spirit of the hero, and a wise selection 
 of officers of superior talent to command, whose 
 presence inspires confidence, — have been the leading 
 causes of the splendid victories gained by the British 
 
 b 
 
il;i 
 
 iii 
 
 m 
 
 ,1 i 
 
 mi 
 
 XVlll 
 
 INTRODUCTION 
 
 arms.* The fame of the deeds of the past and 
 present generations in the various battle-fields where 
 the robust sons of Albion have fought and conquered, 
 surrounds the British arms with a halo of glory ; 
 these achievements will live in the page of history to 
 the end of time. 
 
 The records of the several regiments will be found 
 to contain a detail of facts of an interestingcharacter, 
 connected with the hardships, sufferings, and gallant 
 exploits of British soldiers in the various parts of the 
 world where the calls of their Country and the com- 
 mands of their Sovereign have required them to 
 proceed in the execution of their duty, whether in 
 
 Hi (( 
 
 ■ ■ 1 
 
 l\'\V 
 
 Under the blessing of Divine Providence, His Miyesty ascribes 
 the successes which have attended the exertions of his troops in Egypt to 
 that determined bravery which is inherent in Britons; but His Migesty 
 desires it may be most solemnly and forcibly impressed on the conside- 
 ration of every part of the army, that it has been a strict observance of 
 order, discipline, and military system, which has fpyea the full energy 
 to the native valour of the troops, and has enabled them proudly to 
 assert the superiority of the national military character, in situations 
 uncommonly arduous, and under circumstances of peculiar difficulty." 
 — Gmeral Orders in 1801. 
 
 In the General Orders issued by Lieut.-General Sir John Hope 
 (afterwards Lord Hopetoun), congratulating the army upon the sue- 
 cessful result of the Battle of Corunna, on the 16th of January 1809, 
 it is stated : — " On no occasion has the undaunted valour of British 
 troops ever been more manifest. At the termination of a severe and 
 harassing march, rendered'necessary by the superiority which the enemy 
 had acquired, and which had materially impaired the efficiency of the 
 troops, many disadvantages were to be encountered. These have all 
 been surmounted by the conduct of the troops themselves : and the 
 enemy has been taught, that whatever advantages of position or of 
 numbers he may possess, there is inherent in the British officers and 
 soldiers a bravery that knows not how to yield, — that no circumstances 
 can appal,— and that will ensure victory, when it is to be obtained by 
 the exertion of any human means." - • 
 
TO THE INFANTRY. 
 
 XIX 
 
 active continental operations, or in maintaining colo- 
 nial territories in distant and unfavourable climes. 
 
 The superiority of the British infantry has been 
 pre-eminently set forth in the wars of six centuries, 
 and admitted by the greatest commanders which 
 Europe has produced. The formations and move- 
 ments of this armef as at present practised, while 
 they are adapted to every speeies of warfare, and to 
 all probable situations and circumstances of service, 
 are calculated to show forth the brilliancy of military 
 tactics calculated upon mathematical and scientific 
 principles. Although the movements and evolutions 
 have been copied from the continental armies, yet 
 various improvements have from time to time been 
 introduced, to ensure that simplicity and celerity by 
 which the superiority of the national mihtary cha- 
 racter is maintained. The rank and influence which 
 Great Britain has attained among the nations of the 
 world, have in a great measure been purchased by 
 the valour of the Army, and to persons who have 
 the welfare of their country at heart, the records 
 of the several regiments cannot fail to prove inte- 
 resting. 
 
/' 
 
 Xii^ 
 
 Yt^t%ift^'i%ff 
 
 ■t.yJ 
 
 
 :\ftmf 
 
 i (>.j'^>_>^ ■ !<• 
 
 f-t ' ii y- - 1 » *-.* -r: » 
 
 ■;i i 
 
 frrr*?- ilif!^? 
 
 '.if '?.i a 
 
 ;/i ' 
 
 51 r,}f 
 
 
 
 .?{■' 
 
 ■:\ '?; 
 
 , w ■) _, ■ I I t.' 
 
 Kf •:i:<: 
 
 tt' 
 
 ,i'i lU-S U., 
 
/ 
 
 
 pJ'f '^J'i 
 
 
 HISTORICAL RECORD 
 
 OF 
 
 THE SEVENTY-FIRST REGIMENT, 
 HIGHLAND LIGHT INFANTRY: 
 
 CONTAININO 
 
 AN AC0OIJ]NT OF THE FORMATION OF THE REGIMENT 
 
 In 1777, 
 
 '■• '1 ■ 
 
 AND OF ITS SUBSEQUENT SERVICES 
 To 1852. 
 
 COMPILED BY 
 
 RICHARD CANNON, ESQ., 
 
 ADJUTAXT general's OFFICE, HOBSE GUARDS. 
 
 3Enu)itrateti tott]^ piatetf. 
 
 LONDON: 
 PRINTED BY GEORGE E. EYRE AND WILLIAM SPOTTISWOODE, 
 
 rBlNTEBS TO THE QUEEN's MOST EXCELLENT MAJESTY. 
 
 FOR HER MAJESTY'S STATIONERY OFFICE. 
 rtBLISHED BY PARKER, FURNIVALL, AND PARKER, 
 
 30, CHARING CROSS. 
 1852 
 
THE SEVENTY-FIRST REGIMENT 
 
 BEARS ON THE REGIMENTAL COLOUR AND 
 
 APPOINTMENTS 
 
 THE WORD " IlINDOOSTAN," 
 
 IN COMMEMORATION OF ITS DISTINGUISHED SERVICES 
 
 WHILE EMPLOYED IN INDIA FROM 
 
 1780 TO 1797; 
 
 THE WORDS "CAPE OF GOOD HOPE," 
 FOR THE CAPTURE OF THAT COLONY IN JANUARY 
 
 1806; 
 
 THE WORDS " ROLEIA," " VIMIERA," 
 
 " CORUNNA," " FUENTES d'oNOR," *' ALMARAZ," 
 
 *' VITTORIA," " PYRENEES," " NIVE," 
 
 " 0RT1IE8," AND " PENINSULA," 
 
 IN TESTIMONY OF ITS GALLANTRY IN THE SEVERAL 
 
 ACTIONS FOUGHT DURING THE WAR IN PORTUGAL, 
 
 SPAIN, AND THE SOUTH OF FRANCE, FROM 
 
 1808 TO 1814' ; 
 
 AND 
 
 THE WORD "WATERLOO," 
 
 IN COMMEMORATION OF ITS DISTINGUISHED SKRVICES 
 
 AT THAT BATTLE ON THE 18TH OF JUNK 
 
 1815. 
 
'¥ 
 
■'tm ■ 
 
 .^:3SS'f 
 
 Sji; - r,jM. -.- :;- ).:.:; ^ 
 
 THE 
 
 ■•'*! . ' 
 
 SEVENTY-FIRST REGIMENT, 
 
 HIGHLAND LIGHT INFANTRY. " : 
 
 CONTENTS 
 
 OF THB 
 
 HISTORICAL RECORD. 
 
 v« 
 
 Year. 
 
 1777. 
 
 » 
 
 1778. 
 
 n 
 
 >» 
 »» 
 n 
 
 1779. 
 » 
 » 
 
 1780. 
 <i 
 i> 
 »» 
 
 •I 
 
 *> 
 »> 
 
 »» 
 
 1781. 
 
 >» 
 
 II 
 
 •I 
 II 
 (I 
 II 
 ti 
 II 
 
 Page. 
 Introdcction - - - • - xiii 
 
 Formation of the Sbvbntt-thibd regiment, afterwards 
 
 numbered the Seventy-first Regiment - -2 
 
 John Lord Macleod appointed colonel of the regiment • ib. 
 
 War with France - - - - 3 
 Removal of the regiment fh>m North Britain to Qoemaey 
 
 and Jersey - - - - • ib. 
 
 Proceeded to Portsmouth - ... ib, 
 
 A second battalion added to the regiment ... ib. 
 
 Names of officers - > - • - 4 
 
 The first battalion embarked for India ... • 5 
 
 The second battalion removed from Scotland to Plymouth ib: 
 Siege of Gibraltar by the Spaniards ... ib. 
 
 The second battalion embarked for Gibraltar • - 6 
 
 The first battalion arrived at Madras - • 7 
 
 War with Hyder Ali - - • - ib. 
 
 The first battalion formed part of Mi^o' *0®>>c>^ ^'i^ Hector 
 
 Munro's army - • • - - 7 
 
 Siege of Arcot - • - -8 
 
 Action at Ferambaukum - - - • 9 
 
 The survivors of the British troops engaged in this unequal 
 
 contest conveyed to Hydsr All - - - 1 1 
 
 Attempts of the Spaniards against Gibraltar • -12 
 
 Progress of the War with Hyder AH - - IS 
 
 Battle of Porto Abtro - - - - U 
 
 Presentation of silver pipes to the first battalion by Lieut- 
 
 General Sir Eyre Coote for its gallantry on that occasion ib. 
 TrijHtssdor retaken by the British - - - IS 
 
 Second action at Perambaukuni, and defeat of the enemy - 16 
 Relief of Fe//or« - • - - -17 
 
 Battle of Sholingur • • • • • ib. 
 
 Gallant defence of Gibraltar • • • -IS 
 
 Sortie of the garrison • • • 20 
 
 a3 
 
VI 
 
 CONTENTS. 
 
 Year. 
 1782. 
 
 n 
 f» 
 n 
 n 
 
 n 
 
 n 
 
 1783. 
 
 »» 
 1784. 
 
 1785. 
 1786, 
 
 1787. 
 1788. 
 
 i> 
 1789. 
 
 1790. 
 
 i> 
 
 <« 
 
 II 
 1791. 
 
 II 
 
 »i 
 
 II 
 
 M 
 •I 
 
 •I 
 H 
 11 
 
 1792. 
 
 M 
 •I 
 II 
 
 II 
 
 1793. 
 
 Page. 
 
 VeUore blockaded by Hyder Ali - - - 22 
 Advance of the British through the Sholingur Pass, and 
 
 relief of Vellore ... - fft. 
 
 Battle of .4rnce - - - - - 24 
 
 Decease of Hyder Ali - - - - 25 
 
 And succession of his son Tippoo Saib . . - ib. 
 The combined attempts of France and Spain against 
 
 Gibraltar ..... " ?6 
 
 Employment of red-hot shot by the garrison - - «i. 
 
 The expedient successful - - - - 28 
 
 The garrison honored by His Majesty's approbation - 29 
 
 Termination of the siege of Gibraltar - - - 30 
 
 Peace concluded between Great Britain, France, and Spain ib. 
 
 The second battalion sailed from Gibraltar for England - 31 
 
 Progress of the war with Tippoo Saib ... ib. 
 
 Siege of Cuddalore - - - - - ib. 
 
 Unsuccessful sortie by the enemy - - - 33 
 
 Intelligence of the general peace received in India - ib. 
 
 The second battalion disbanded - - - ib. 
 
 Peace concluded with Tippoo Saib - - - 34 
 Restoration of the officers and men who had been made 
 
 prisoners at the action of Ferambaukum - - ib. 
 
 The regiment stationed at Madras - - - ib. 
 
 The numerical title changed from Seventy-third to Seventy- 
 
 FiKST Regiment - - . - . i6. 
 
 Stationed at Wallajohabad anrl Ghingleput - - - 35 
 
 Embarked for Bombay .... ib. 
 
 Returned to Madras - - - - • ib, 
 
 Mnjor-General the Honorable William Gordon pppointed 
 
 colonel of the regiment ... . ib. 
 
 Hostilities commenced by Tippoo Saib - - - 36 
 
 The regiment inarched towards Trichinopoly - - ib. 
 
 Siege of Palghautcherrt/ ... - 37 
 Darraporam captured by the enemy - - -38 
 
 Reviewed by General the Earl Comwallis - • ^9 
 
 Action near Bangalore - • • - 40 
 
 Capture of J5«nj;rt/(»e by the British - - - 41 
 Advance towards SerinjiasatMm • - -42 
 
 Action with Tippoo's troops .... ib. 
 
 Return of the army to Bangalore - - » 43 
 
 Capture of Niindydrmtg by the British - - . 45 
 
 of Savendrnog - - - - - 46 
 
 of OutrednxHj, Ram Gurry, and Sheria Ourry - 47 
 
 Second advance of the British towards Seringapatam - ib. 
 Successful attack ui)on the enemy - - -48 
 
 Siege of Serhigapatam - - - - 49 
 Peace concludetl with Tippo Saib, and his two sons deli- 
 vered u» liuttttgcs - - - • -50 
 Return of the regiment to Madras • • •SI 
 
 The French revolution, and declaration of war by the 
 
 National Convention against Great Britain and Holland ib. 
 
 The flank companies engaged in the siege and capture of 
 
 Pondkhtrry ...... 5S 
 
CONTENTS. 
 
 Vii' 
 
 Tear. 
 1794. 
 
 1795. 
 
 n 
 >i 
 
 1796. 
 1797. 
 
 »> 
 1798. 
 
 1800. 
 
 1801. 
 1802. 
 
 1803. 
 
 1804. 
 1805. 
 
 1806. 
 
 »» 
 
 1807. 
 
 1808. 
 
 Contemplated expedition against the Mauritius 
 The design relinquished, and march of the regiment to 
 Tai^ore - - . . . 
 
 Holland united to France, and styled the Batavian Bepublic 
 
 The flank companies embarked for Ceylon 
 
 Capture of the Island - . - . . 
 
 The regiment marched to Walltgohahad 
 
 The regiment inspected by Migor-General Clarke, and 
 
 complimentary order on the occasion 
 Embarked for England .... 
 
 Disembarked at Woolwich . . - 
 
 Proceeded to Scotland ... 
 
 Authorized to bear the word " Hindoostan " on the regi- 
 mental colour and appointments . . . 
 
 Marched from Stirling, and embarked for Ireland - 
 
 } 
 
 Stationed in Ireland 
 
 ftg«. 
 SS 
 
 ib. 
 
 ib. 
 ib. 
 53 
 
 ib. 
 
 ib. 
 54 
 
 ib. 
 ib. 
 
 ib. 
 85 
 
 56 
 
 Major-General Sir John Francis Cradock, ICB., appointed 
 
 colonel of the regiment .... ib^ 
 
 A second battalion added to the regiment . - • ib. 
 
 The first battalion embarked on a secret expedition under 
 
 Major-General Sir David Baird - - - 57 
 
 Arrival at the Cape of Good Hope - - - ib. 
 
 Action at Bleuberg - - - - - 58 
 
 Surrender of the colony to the British - - 59 
 Authorized to bear the words " Cape op Good Hope " on 
 
 the regimental colour and appointments - - ib. 
 
 Expedition to the liio de la Plata - - - 60 
 
 Surrender of Bucnoa ^yre» - - - - 61 
 
 The city retaken by the enemy - - - 62 
 The first battalion taken prisoners and removed into the 
 
 interior of the country - - - - 68 
 Escape of Brigadier-General Beresford and Lieut.-Colonel 
 
 Pack ... . . • ib. 
 
 The second battalion removed ti-om Ireland to Scotland - ib. 
 Convention entered into by Lieut.-General Whitelocke, and 
 
 release of the first battalion - - - "64 
 
 The first battalion arrived at Cork - - • ib. 
 
 The second battalion embarked for Scotland > ■ ib. 
 Presentation of new colours - - - - 65 
 Address of Lieut-General John Floyd on that occasion • ib. 
 The first battalion embarked for the Peninsula - - 67 
 Authorized to bear the title of Glasgow Regiment, in addi- 
 tion to the appellation of Highland Regiment - • ib. 
 Battle of Ihleia .... .68 
 Authorized to bear the word " RotBiA " on the regimental 
 
 colour and appointments .... ib. 
 Battle of Vimiera - ... -69 
 Authorized to bear the word " ViMiEnA " on the regimental 
 
 colour and appointments • • . • •70 
 
 Convention of Cmtra .... tb, 
 March of the troops into Spain • • • •71 
 
 Joined the army under Lieut.-General Sir John Moore • 72 
 
 u4i 
 
Tiii 
 
 CONTENTS. 
 
 y««r. 
 
 1808. B«tr«at on Conmna 
 
 ■it! 
 
 '■'l.'! 
 
 \H 
 
 
 1800. 
 
 M 
 
 n 
 
 » 
 
 It 
 
 » 
 
 H 
 
 n 
 
 tt 
 
 li 
 
 n 
 
 »» 
 
 » 
 
 1810. 
 
 t» 
 »» 
 »f 
 »» 
 »» 
 It 
 <t 
 
 1811. 
 ft 
 »» 
 
 »f 
 
 •• 
 
 »i 
 
 1813. 
 
 l» 
 
 II 
 
 II 
 
 II 
 
 iBia, 
 •I 
 II 
 II 
 
 Page. 
 • 73 
 
 73 
 ib. 
 
 II 
 II 
 
 I^i-Oeneral Fnncis Dondas appointed colonel of the 
 Nfl^tnent ..»-.» 
 
 Battle of Corunna .... 
 
 Authorised to bear the word "Cobunna" on the regi- 
 mental colour and appointments - • -74 
 
 The thanks of Parliament conferred on the troops • ib. 
 
 The firit twttalion arrived in England . • - 75 
 
 Formed Into a Light Infantry Begiment - . - 76 
 
 Expedition to the Scheldt ... . ib. 
 
 The flnit battalion embarked at Portsmouth • - ib. 
 
 Aetbn on landing . - • - 77 
 
 Attack and capture of Ter Veer . - - 78 
 
 Siege and capitulation of Flushing - - • ib. 
 
 Occupation of Ter Veer by the first battalion - - 79 
 
 Itetum of the battalion to England - - - ib. 
 
 TiOM of the battalion on this expedition • . • ib. 
 
 Permitted to retain such parts of the national dress as were 
 
 not incnniistent with light infantry duties > - ib. 
 
 The flfHt battalion again ordered for foreign service - 80 
 
 Embarked for Portugal - - - - 81 
 
 Joined the army under Lieut-General Viscoimt Wellington ib. 
 
 Action! at Sobral - - - - - 82 
 
 Occupied a position In the lines of Torres Yedras • - ib. 
 Mamnal Mossena retired to Santarem • - -83 
 
 Advance of the first battalion - • • ib. 
 
 Pursuit of Marshal Massena - - - 84 
 
 Dattle of Fufffitefd' Onor . ... ib. 
 Authorised to bear the words " Fuentes d'Omor " on the 
 
 regimental colour and appointments - - - 85 
 
 The second battalion removed fVom Leith to South Britain 86 
 The flrit battalion formed part of the army under Lieut.- 
 
 Oeneral Rowland Hill ... . ib. 
 Affair of Arroyo'del'Mdinos - - - - 87 
 The nnral approbation conferred on the troops engaged • 88 
 0|)eratrons consequent on the preparations made by Vis- 
 count Wellington for the recapture of Ciudad Rodrigo - 89 
 
 Third siege of Jiadajoz - ... ib. 
 ('apture of Uadajox .... ib. 
 Destruction of the enemy's bridge of boats at Almaraz - 90 
 AuthorUcd to b< • the word " Almakaz " on the regi- 
 mental colour I ,id appointments - - - 91 
 KulHtettuent operations - . . - 92 
 Rattle of Saliimuiica - • • • . 93 
 lU'treat fVom Durgos .... ib. 
 
 Atti'inplcd surprise of Bejar by the French - - 94 
 
 March of th(< first battalion to Bejar - - - ib. 
 Tint second battalion returned to North Britain - .94 
 
 Rattlt' of Viftiifla - - - - - ib. 
 DeiHli of ('olonel the Honorable Henry Cadogan, Lieut.- 
 
 (!(»loncl of the HKVKKTr-riitsT Regiment - -95 
 Aiithorixcd Jo Iwar the word " VixToniA " on the regi- 
 mental colour and appointments - - - 96 
 Advanov on I'nnipelunu - - • - 97 
 Hkiruiish at Elitnndo - • . . • ib. 
 
Page. 
 - 72 
 
 le 
 
 • 73 
 I*. 
 
 i- 
 
 - 74 
 
 • ib. 
 
 • 75 
 
 • 76 
 
 • /*. 
 ib. 
 77 
 78 
 ib. 
 79 
 ib. 
 ib. 
 
 ib. 
 
 80 
 
 81 
 
 ib. 
 
 82 
 
 ib. 
 
 83 
 
 lb. 
 
 84 
 ib. 
 
 85 
 86 
 
 J*. 
 
 87 
 88 
 
 89 
 ib. 
 
 Year. 
 1813. 
 
 » 
 
 n 
 j» 
 
 »» 
 n 
 
 1814. 
 
 »» 
 
 1815. 
 
 1815. 
 
 ^ 
 
 1» 
 
 '^ 
 
 1816 
 
 1817. 
 
 MS 
 
 1818. 
 
 w 
 
 1819. 
 
 m 
 
 1820. 
 
 H 
 
 1822. 
 
 I 
 
 1824. 
 
 m 
 
 t» 
 
 ^ 
 
 1825. 
 
 ^-1 
 }$ 
 
 1829. 
 
 ^s 
 
 
 w 
 
 
 CONTENTS. IX 
 
 Phge. 
 
 Occupied positions in the Pyrenees > • • 97 
 
 Action at Maya » . - - ' ib. 
 
 near Eguaros - - - - iJ. 
 
 at the Pass of Dona Maria • - - 99 
 
 Authorized to bear the word " Ftrenees " on the regi- 
 mental colour and appointments • • - 100 
 Encamped on the heights of Boncesvalles ... loi 
 Gallant repulse of tiie French by a small party of the 
 
 Seventt-fimbt on the heights of Altobispo - - ib. 
 
 Advance to the French territory - - • ib. 
 
 Battle of the iVirefle - - - - - 102 
 
 Passage of the Nive .... | j. 
 Authorized to bear the word " Nive " on the regimental 
 
 colour and appointments .... 103 
 
 Skirmishes at St Hellette, heights of Garris, and St 
 
 Palais .... . - 104 
 
 Action at Sauveterre - - - - - i6. 
 
 Battle of OrfAes - - - - • ib. 
 
 Authorized to bear the word " Obthes " on the regimental 
 
 colour and appointments - . . H, 
 
 Affairs at Aire and Tarbes - - - - ib. 
 
 Battle of rTMfojMe ... . ,-fi. 
 
 Termination of the Peninsular War, and general order by 
 
 the Duke of Wellington - - - - 105 
 
 The lirst battalion embarked for England • - ib. 
 
 Authorized to bear the word " Peninsula " on the regi- 
 mental colour and appointments ... io6 
 
 The first battalion arrived at Cork - - - ib. 
 
 The second battalion remained in North Britain - • ib. 
 
 Return of Napoleon to Paris, and renewal of the war - 107 
 
 The first battalion embarked for Ostend - - • ib. 
 
 Battle of Waterioo - - - - - 108 
 
 Honors conferred on the army for the victory - - 110 
 Authorized to bear the word " Waterloo " on the regi- 
 mental colour and appointments - - - t6 
 The first battalion marched to Paris .... jft. 
 The second battalion disbanded - - - 1 1 1 
 
 Presentation of the Waterloo medals to the regiment • ib. 
 
 Address of Colonel Reynell on that occasion - - ib. 
 
 Presentation of new colours by Major-General Sir Denis 
 
 Pack, K.C.B., and his address to the regiment - - 113 
 
 The regiment returned to England • • -114 
 
 Inspected at Weedon by M^jor-General Sir John Byng - 115 
 
 Inspected by the Adjutant-General - - - ib. 
 
 Embarked for Ireland ... . fj. 
 
 Lieut.-General Sir Gordon Drummond, G.C.B., appointed 
 
 colonel of the regiment - . • - 116 
 
 The regiment embarked for Canada - - - ib. 
 
 Formed into six service and four ilepdt companies - > ib. 
 
 The depot companies proceeded to Berwick-on-Tweed - 118 
 
 Mtijor-General Sir Colin Halkett, K.C.B., appointed colonel 
 
 of the regiment .... - ib. 
 
Tear. 
 1831. 
 
 1834. 
 
 » 
 1835. 
 1836. 
 1838. 
 
 n 
 
 1839. 
 
 1841. 
 
 1842. 
 
 1843. 
 
 1846. 
 1847. 
 1848. 
 
 »» 
 1849. 
 
 1852. 
 
 CONTENTS. 
 
 A \ 
 
 The Benriee companies proceed from Quebec to Bermuda 
 
 The Tartan Plaid Scarf restored to the Sbtemtt-vibst 
 Regiment ..... 
 
 The service companies arrived at Leith ... 
 The regiment stationed at Edinburgh ... 
 
 Embarked for Ireland .... 
 
 Major-General Sir Samuel Ford Whittingham, KC.B., 
 appointed colonel of the regiment . . . 
 
 The service companies embarked for Canada 
 
 The depot companies removed from Ireland to North 
 Britain ..... 
 
 Lieut-Qeneral Sir Thomas Beynell, Bart., K.C.B., ap- 
 pointed colonel of the regiment - - - 
 
 The re^ment formed into two battalions 
 The Reserve battalion embarked for Canada 
 
 The first battalion removed from Canada to the West 
 Indies . - . . - 
 
 The first battalion embarked at Barbadoes for England - 
 
 Arrived at Portsmouth, and proceeded to Glasgow 
 
 Lieut General Sir Thomas Arbuthnot, K.C.B., appointed 
 colonel of the regiment .... 
 
 The first battalion proceeded to Ireland 
 
 Lieut-General Sir James Macdonell, K.C.B., appointed 
 colonel of the regiment - - - - 
 
 The reserve battalion employed at Montreal in aid of the 
 civil power ... 
 
 Conclusion ... ... 
 
 Page. 
 118 
 
 119 
 ib. 
 
 a. 
 
 i 
 
 a. 
 
 s 
 
 ib. 
 
 
 ib. 
 
 i 
 
 
 
 ib. 
 
 H 
 
 120 
 
 ' '*^ 
 
 ib. 
 
 
 ib. 
 
 J 
 
 ib 
 
 ^i" 
 
 121 
 
 
 ib. 
 
 
 ib. 
 
 
 122 
 
 
 ib. 
 
 
 ib. 
 
 
 123 
 
 
1 'y' .-i 
 
 * '..vf, f ' *..'■ ': 
 
 ,; »•? /. 
 
 SUCCESSION OF COLONELS 
 
 .„,«.-,i/' 
 
 .u ,''• »x> < » ,1 «* .* .-.,1 „k,*r,,wi "■ **' 
 or 
 
 THE SEVENTY-FIRST REGIMENT. X . 
 
 \ 
 
 Year. -- - '- --^ ' ' 
 
 1777. John Lord Macleod 
 
 1789. The Honorable William Gordon 
 
 1803. Sir John Francis Cradock, G.C.B. 
 
 1809. Francis Dundas ... 
 
 1824. Sir Gordon Drummond, G.C.B. 
 
 1829. Sir Colin Halkett, K.C.B. 
 
 1838. Sir Samuel Ford Whittmgham 
 
 1841. Sir Thomas Beynell, Bart, K.C.B. 
 
 1848. Sir Thomas Arbuthnot, K.C.B. 
 
 1849. Sir James Macdonell, K.C.B. and E.C.H. 
 
 Page. 
 
 - 125 
 
 - 126 
 
 - 127 
 . 129 
 
 - 131 
 
 - ib. 
 
 - ib. 
 • 133 
 
 - 140 
 
 - 141 
 
y 
 
 
 
 
 APPENDIX. 
 
 Memoir of Captam Philip Melvill . . . . 
 
 Memoir of General the Bight Honorable Sir David Basrd, Bart, 
 
 G.C.B. - 
 
 Memoir of M^)or*General Sir Denis Pack, K.C.B. 
 
 General orders of the 18th of January and Ist of February 1809, 
 
 relating to the battle of Corunna and the death of Lieut.- 
 
 General Sir John Moore .... 
 
 List of regiments which composed the army under Lieut-General 
 
 Sir John Moore -..--. 
 British and Hanoverian army at Waterloo on the 18th of June 
 
 1815 - - . . . . . 
 
 Page. 
 143 
 
 144 
 151 
 
 - 161 
 
 - 165 
 
 166 
 
 
 PLATES. 
 
 
 Page. 
 
 Colours of the regiment 
 
 - 
 
 *• m 
 
 to face 1 
 
 The two sons of Tippoo Saib delivered as 
 
 hostages to General 
 
 
 the Earl Comwallis 
 
 m m 
 
 w • • 
 
 60 
 
 Costume of the regiment 
 
 - 
 
 • • 
 
 124 
 
■>fm:i^:PJ^iJOIifW,i 
 
 I 
 
 ■--.'■. -V -^^ "'■ '- . '.' '.v%f ijtf :'*> 
 
 t f .1 ^ ■ " 1 
 
 INTRODUCTION 
 
 TO THK 
 
 HISTORICAL RECORD 
 
 OF THE 
 
 SEVENTY-FIRST REGIMENT, 
 
 HIGHLAND LIGHT INFANTRY. 
 
 During the last century several corps, at successive 
 periods, have been borne on the establishment of the 
 army, and numbered the seventy-first ; the following 
 details are therefore prefixed to the historical record 
 of the services of the regiment which now bears that 
 number, in order to prevent its being connected with 
 those corps which have been designated by the same 
 numercial title, but whose services have been totally 
 distinct. 
 
 1. In the spring of 1758 the second battalions of 
 fifteen regiments of infantry, from the 3d to the 37th, 
 were directed to be formed into distinct regiments, 
 
xiv 
 
 INTRODUCTION. 
 
 I f 
 
 and to be numbered from the 6 1st to the 75th sue- 
 cessively, as follows : — 
 
 Second Battalions. 
 3d foot constituted the 61 st regiment. 
 
 4th 
 8th 
 
 nth 
 
 12th 
 
 19th 
 
 20th 
 
 2dd 
 
 24th 
 
 81st 
 
 82d 
 
 d3d 
 
 d4th 
 
 36th 
 
 87th 
 
 ft 
 
 it 
 tt 
 It 
 tt 
 tt 
 tt 
 tt 
 tt 
 tt 
 tt 
 tt 
 tt 
 
 tt 
 tt 
 t» 
 
 tt 
 tt 
 tt 
 tt 
 tt 
 tt 
 It 
 tt 
 tt 
 tt 
 tt 
 
 62d 
 
 63d 
 
 64th 
 
 65th 
 
 66th 
 
 67th 
 
 68th 
 
 69th 
 
 70th 
 
 71st 
 
 72d 
 
 73d 
 
 74th 
 
 75th 
 
 tt 
 It 
 » 
 It 
 It 
 tt 
 it 
 it 
 tt 
 it 
 11 
 f> 
 it 
 
 a 
 
 The 71st, 72d, 73d, 74th, and 75th regiments, thus 
 formed, were disbanded in 1763, after the peace of 
 Fontainebleau. 
 
 2. Several other corps were likewise disbanded in 
 1763, which occasioned a change in the numerical 
 titles of the following regiments of Invalids, viz. : — 
 The 8l8t reg* (Invalids) was numbered the 71st. 
 82d „ „ „ 72d. 
 
 116th „ ., „ 73d. 
 
 117th „ „ „ 74th. 
 
 118th „ „ „ 75th. 
 
 The 71st, 72d, 73d, 74th, and 75th regiments, thus 
 numbered, were formed into independent companies 
 
INTRODUCTION. 
 
 «V 
 
 thus 
 ice of 
 
 id in 
 jrical 
 
 • 
 
 I • 
 
 si. 
 
 d. 
 
 d. 
 
 th. 
 
 th. 
 
 thus 
 
 nies 
 
 
 of Invalids in the year 1769, which increased the 
 number of Invalid companies from eight to twenty ; 
 they were appropriated to the following Gamsons, 
 namely, four companies at Guernsey, four at Jersey, 
 three at Hull, two at Chester, two at Tilbury Fort, 
 two at Sheerness, one at Landguard Fort, one at 
 Pendennis, and one in the Scilly Islands. 
 
 3. These numerical titles became thus extinct until 
 October 1775, when another seventy-first regiment 
 was raised for service in America by Major-General 
 the Honorable Simon Fraser, which consisted of two 
 battalions, and which performed eminent service 
 during the war with the colonists. In December 
 1777j further augmentations were made to the army, 
 and the regiments, which were directed to be raised, 
 were numbered from the seventy-second to the eighty- 
 third regiment. 
 
 The army was subsequently increased to one hun- 
 dred and five regular regiments of infantry, exclusive 
 of eleven unnumbered regiments, and thirty-six inde- 
 pendent companies of Invalids. 
 
 The conclusion of the general peace in 1783 
 occasioned the disbandment of several regiments, 
 commencing with the seventy-first regiment ; the 
 second battalion of which was disbanded on the 5th 
 April 1783, and the first battalion on the 4th June 
 1784. 
 
 4. In 1786 the numerical titles of certain regiments, 
 retained on the reduced establishment of the army, 
 were changed, viz. : — 
 
 The seventy-thirdt which had been authoiised to be 
 
XVI 
 
 INTRODUCTION. 
 
 raised by John Lord Macleod in 1777, was directed 
 to be numbered the seventy-first regiment. 
 
 The seventy-eighth^ which had been authorised 
 to be raised by the Earl of Seaforth in 1777, was 
 directed to be numbered the seventy-second re- 
 giment. 
 
 The second battalion of \he forty-second, which had 
 been authorised to be raised in 1779, was directed to 
 be constituted the seventy-third regiment. 
 
 These corps were denominated Highland regi- 
 ments, and have since continued to form part of the 
 regular army. 
 
 The details of the services of the present seventy- 
 first regiment are contained in the following pages ; 
 the histories of the seventy-second and seventy-third 
 regiments are given in distinct numbers. 
 
directed 
 
 uthorised 
 m^ was 
 :!OND re- 
 
 hich had 
 rected to 
 
 nd regi- 
 rt of the 
 
 SEVENTY- 
 
 l pages ; 
 niy -third 
 

 li 
 
 'k:l 
 
 
 rOR CAMNUN* MILIIAKV KtCOROS 
 
 mif^M.im (A im ■*'.i*niMt 
 
if 
 
 HISTORICAL RECORD 
 
 ..V 
 
 or THE 
 
 n 
 
 SEVENTY-FIRST REGIMENT, 
 
 HIGHLAND LIGHT INFANTRY; 
 
 ORIGINALLY NCMBEREn 
 
 THE SEVENTY-THIRD REGIMENT. 
 
 The war between Great Britain and her American 1777. 
 Colonies had, towards the end of the year 1777, assumed 
 an aspect which was beheld with great interest by the 
 European powers. France, although abstaining at this 
 period from entering into the contest, privately encou- 
 raged the colonists, and several French officers proceeded 
 to join the American standard. The influence of the 
 British ministry then became em})loyed in encouraging 
 voluntary efforts for the raising of troops. Liverpool, 
 Manchester, Edinburgh, and Glasgow, at their own 
 expense, each raised a regiment of a thousand men, 
 and several independent companies were levied in 
 Wales. The livery of London and corporation of 
 Bristol did not follow tliis example, but the monicd 
 interest in the metropolis showed its attachment to the 
 administration by opening a subscription for procuring 
 soldiers 
 
 Fii't«'on thousand men were by those patriotic eflforts 
 raised and presented to the htnto ; of this number up* 
 wards of tuo thirds were obtained from Scutlandj and 
 
f'i; 
 
 
 M . I i 
 
 '■'ti 
 
 m 
 
 
 2 HISTORICAL RECORD OF THE SEVENTY-FIRST 
 
 1777. principally from the Highland clans.* The hardy 
 mountaineers of North Britain had been long cele- 
 brated for their military prowess, and the annals of 
 warfare of subsequent years have added to their former 
 renown, by affording them opportunities for sustaining 
 their character for intrepidity and valour. 
 
 The present Seventy- first, Highland Light 
 Infantry, was one of the regiments which owes its 
 origin to the foregoing circumstances, and was raised 
 under the following royal warrant, dated 19th Decem- 
 ber 1777, addressed to John Mackenzie, Esquire, com- 
 monly called John Lord Macleod, who was appointed 
 its colonel. 
 " George R. 
 
 ** Whereas we have thought fit to order a High- 
 " land regiment of foot to be forthwith raised under 
 " your command, to consist of ten companies, of five 
 " Serjeants, five corporals, two drummers, and one hun- 
 ** dred private men in each, with two pipers to the 
 " grenadier company, besides commissioned oflScers, 
 " these are to authorise you, by beat of drum or other- 
 " wise, to raise so many men in any county or part of 
 
 our kingdom of Great Britain as shall be wanting to 
 
 (( 
 
 • Regiments raised in the sprint; of 1778 : — 
 72d regiment, or Royal Mancheiter Volunteers • disbanded in 1783. 
 73d Highland regiment - - numberedthe 7l8t regiment in 1786. 
 
 74th ^i^/i/and regiment - - • disbanded in 1784. 
 
 7.5th Prince of Wales's regiment - • disbanded in 1783. 
 
 7 Gth tfi^A/ant/ regiment ... - disbanded in 1784. 
 mh ngiment, or AthM Highlander a- • - disbanded in 1783. 
 78th Hi(/A/(inr/ regiment - numbered the 7 2d regiment in 1786. 
 
 79th regiment, or Royal Liverpool volunteers - disbanded in 1784. 
 80th regiment, or Itoyal Edinburgh volunteers 
 81st //i,9A/(in(/ regiment - ... 
 82d regiment - - - - 
 
 83d regiment, or Royal Glwigow volunteers 
 
 Two of thest- twelve regiments have been retained on the establish- 
 ment of the Army, namely, the seventy- third and seventy-eighth, which 
 are the present >bvkmtt-pirit and skvbkty-second regimenta. 
 
 disbanded in 1784. 
 
 disbanded in 1783. 
 
 disbanded in 1784. 
 
 disbanded in 1783. 
 
BEGIMENT, HIGHLAND LIGHT INFANTRY. 
 
 (( 
 
 it 
 
 " complete the said regiment to the above-mentioned 1 77 7. 
 " numbers ; and all magistrates, justices of the peace, 
 " constables, .nd other our civil officers, whom it may 
 " concern, are hereby required to be assisting unto 
 " you, in providing quarters, impressing carriages, and 
 " otherwise, aa there shall be occasion. 
 
 " Given at our Court at St. James's, this 19th of 
 December 1777, in the eighteenth year of our reign. 
 " By His Majesties command, 
 
 " Barrington." 
 To our trusty and well-beloved John Mackenzie, 
 " Esq., {commonly called John Lord Macleod), 
 " Colonel of a Highland Regiment of Foot to be 
 " forthwith raised, or to the Officer appointed by 
 " him to raise Men for our said Regiment" 
 
 In February 1778 the Court of France concluded 1778. 
 a treaty of defensive alliance with the American colo- 
 nies, and Great Britain became involved in a war with 
 France. 
 
 Lord Macleod's efforts in raising the regiment were so 
 successful that in April 1778 it was embodied at Elgin, 
 under the denomination of " Macleod's Highlanders," 
 and was numbered the " Seventy-third Regiment." 
 
 In May the regiment, eleven hundred strong, em- 
 barked at Fort George, under the command of Colonel 
 Lord Macleod, and proceeded to Guernsey and Jersey, 
 in which islands it was stationed for six months. The 
 regiment was subsequently removed to Portsmouth, 
 and was cantoned during the remainder of the year in 
 the neighbouring villages. 
 
 On the 24th of September, 1778, Colonel Lord 
 Macleod received orders to raise a second battalion to 
 the regiment. Each battalion was to consist of fifty 
 Serjeants, fifty coqiorals, twenty drummers and fifcra, 
 two pi[>ers, and a tliousand privates. 
 
 At this period the following officers had been ap- 
 pointed to the Seventy-third Highland Regiment. 
 
 A 2 
 
|i i 
 
 IM 
 
 if 
 
 !1 
 
 4 HISTOBIOAL BEGOBD OF THE SEYENTT-FIBST 
 
 1778, First Battalion. 
 
 Colonel, John Lord Macleod. 
 Lieut.- Colonel, Duncan MTherson. 
 Majors. 
 
 I James Mackenzie. 
 
 Captains. 
 
 Hugh Lamont. 
 Hon. James Lindsay. 
 David Baird. 
 
 John Elphinston. 
 
 George Mackenzie. 
 Alexander Gilchrist. 
 John Shnw. 
 Cliarle* Dalrymple. 
 
 Captain Lieutenant and Captain, David CampbelL 
 
 Lieutenants. 
 
 Simon Mackenzie. 
 Philip Melvill. 
 John Mackenzie. 
 John Borthwick. 
 William Gunn. 
 William Charles Gorrie. 
 Hugh Sibbald. 
 David Rninnie. 
 Charles Munro. 
 
 George Sutherland. 
 James Thrail. 
 Hugh Dalrymple. 
 
 A. Oeddcn Mackenzie. 
 Hon. Joiin Lindsay. 
 Abraham Mackenzie, 4djt 
 Aloxand' .' Mackenzie. 
 James Kobcrtson. 
 John Hamilton. 
 John Hamilton. 
 Lewii Urqtihnrt. ' 
 
 George Ogilvio. 
 Innei Muiiro. • 
 
 Ensigns. 
 Jamoi Duncan 
 8!mon Mackenzie. 
 Alexander Mackenzie. 
 John Sinclair. 
 
 Chaplain, Colin Mackenzie. 
 At^utant, Abraham Mackenzie. 
 Quartermaster, John Lytrott. ( 
 
 Surgeon, Alexander MacDougall. 
 
 Second Battalion. 
 Colonel, John Lord Macleod. 
 Lieut,' Colonel, The Hon. George Mackenzie. 
 
 Majors. 
 
 Hamilton Maxwell | Norman Macleod. 
 
 Captains. 
 
 Hon. Colin Lindsay. 
 John MaelntOHh. 
 Jamoi Fimlin. 
 Bobtrt Sinclair. 
 
 Mackny Hugh Baillie. 
 Stair Park Dalrymple. 
 David Ross. 
 Adam Colt* 
 
REGIMENT, HIGHLAND LIGHT INFANTBT. 
 
 Lieutenantf. 
 
 1778. 
 
 Norman Maclean. 
 John Irving. 
 Bod. Mackenzie senior. 
 Charles Douglas. 
 Angus Macintosh. 
 John Fraser. 
 Robert Arbuthnot. 
 David MacCullock. ^ 
 Rod. Mackenzie 7«nior. 
 Phineas Macintosh. 
 John Mackenzie senior. 
 
 Alexander Mackenzie. 
 Fhipps Wharton. 
 Laugh^an MacLaughlan. 
 Kenneth Mackenzie. 
 Murdoch Mackenzie. 
 George Fraser. 
 John Mackenzie junior, 
 Martin Eccles Lindsay. 
 John Dallas. , , , . 
 David Rosa. I't 
 
 William Erskine. . 
 
 Ensigns. 
 
 John Fraser. 
 John MacDougal. 
 Hugh Gray. 
 John Mackenzie. 
 
 John Forbes. ■,, .^ 
 ^neas Fraser. 
 William Rose. 
 Simon Fraser, AdjK 
 
 Chaplain, ^neas Macleod. 
 Adjutant, Simon Fraser. 
 Quartermaster, Charles Clark. 
 Surgeon, Andrew Cairncross. 
 
 In January 1779 the first battalion of the regiment, 1779. 
 commanded by Colonel Lord John Macleod, embarked ist bat. 
 for the East Indies. 
 
 The second battalion, one thousand strong, embarked 2d bat. 
 at Fort George in Scotland, in March 1779, under the 
 command of Jjieut.-Colonel the Hon. George Mackenzie 
 (brother of Lord Macleod), and proceeded to Ports- 
 mouth, from thence it went on in transports to Ply- 
 mouth, where the battalion landed, and was encamped 
 upon Maker Heights until the 27th of November 
 following. 
 
 The Court of Versailles had now engaged that of 
 Madrid to trke a part in the contest, and on the 16th 
 of June 1779 the Spanii^h ambu^isador liad presented a 
 manifesto at St. James'siJ, equivalent to a declaration of 
 war, and immediately departed from Loudon. During 
 the summer the siege of Gibraltar was coumienced by 
 tho Spaniards, the reduction of that important fortress 
 
 A 3 
 
It 
 
 ml 
 
 it H ■ 
 
 4 
 
 6 u HISTOBICAIi B£GOBD. OF THE SEYENTY-FIB8T 
 
 1779. being one of the principal objects of Spain in becoming 
 a party to the war. i?„, ,v-; ^ ^ ^'V . 
 
 istbat. The vessels conveying the first battalion formed part 
 of a fleet escorted by Rear- Admiral Sir Edward 
 Hughes, which on the passage touched at Goree, upon 
 the coast of Africa. Goree being evacuated by the 
 French for the purpose of fortifying Senegal, which 
 had been captured by them early in the year, was 
 occupied by a British force, left for that purpose by 
 Sir Edward Hughes. 
 
 After quitting Goree, the fleet proceeeed to the 
 Cape of Good Hope, at that time in possession of the 
 Dutch, and there landed the sick. The fleet was 
 detained for three months in Table Bay, for the pur- 
 pose of refreshment and recovery of the sick, after 
 which it sailed for India. 
 
 1780. After the breaking up of the camp on Maker 
 
 2d bat. Heights, the second battalion embarked for Gibraltar 
 in transports, under convoy of Admiral Sir George 
 - Rodney. When in the Bay of Biscay, the British 
 encountered, on the 8th of January 1780, a valuable 
 Spanish convoy belonging to the Caracca company, 
 • consisting of fifteen merchantmen, with a ship of sixty- 
 four guns, and two fi-igates, the whole of which \yere 
 captured. Sir George Rodney being compelled to em- 
 ploy many of the crews of the ships of war in manning 
 the prizes, called upon Lieut. -Colonel the Hon. George 
 Mackenzie for the services of the second battalion 
 of the regiment as Marines. In a few days after the 
 men were distributed for this purpose, the fleet de- 
 feated, on the 16th of January, off Cape St. Vincent, a 
 squadron of eleven sail of the line, commanded by 
 Admiral Don Juan de Langara. One Spanish ship 
 of seventy guns blew up in the beginning of the 
 action. The Spanish admiral's ship of eighty guns, 
 and three of seventy, were taken ; one of seventy guns 
 ran on shore, and another was lost on the breakers. 
 
KEQIUEVT, HIOHLAND LIGHT INFAMTBT. 7' 
 
 Nothing further transpired during the remainder of J 780. 
 the voyage, and on the 18th of January 1780 the *''*'''5i' 
 second battalion disembarked at Gibraltar, then closely 
 blockaded by the Spaniards, who b'.d despatched Don 
 Juan de Langara to intercept the British admiral. 
 
 The first battalion had, in the meantime, continued on istbat. 
 its voyage to India, and on the 20th of January 1780 
 anchored in Madras Koads, being twelve montlis from 
 the time of leaving England. The battalion landed 
 immediately at Fort St. George, and after remaining 
 there about a month was removed to Poonamallee. 
 
 The intricate politics of India gave rise to a war in 
 that country. Hyder Ali, the son of a petty chief in 
 the Mysore, had risen to the chief command of 
 the army of that state, and when the rajah died, 
 leaving his eldest son a minor, Hyder assumed the 
 guardianship of the youthful prince, whom he placed 
 under restraint, and seized on the reins of govern- 
 ment. Having a considerable territory under his 
 control, he maintained a formidable military establish- 
 ment, which he endeavoured to bring into a high state 
 of discipline and efficiency. Hyder, now Sultan of 
 Mysore, formed a league with the French, and entered 
 into a confederacy with the Nizam of the Decoan, the 
 Mahrattas, and other of the native powers, for the 
 purpose of expelling the British from India. 
 
 In July 1780, Hyder Ali, having passed the Ghauts 
 (as the passes in the mountains on both sides of the 
 Indian peninsula are termed), burst like a torrent into 
 the Carnatic, while his son, Tippoo Saib, advanced 
 with a large body of cavalry against the northern 
 Circars, and the villages in the vicinity of Madraii were 
 attacked by parties of the enemy's horse. 
 
 These events occasioned the first battalion of the 
 regiment to be ordered to proceed to join the army 
 which was being assembled at St. Thomas's Mount, 
 under the command of Major-Genoral Sir Hector 
 
 A 4 
 
8 HISTOBICAL RECORD OF THE SEVENTY-FIRST 
 
 1780. Munro, K.B., consisting entirely of the troops of the 
 i«t bat. Honorable East India Company, with the exception 
 of the Sevenly-third, then about 800 strong. 
 
 Sir Hector Monro's anny amounted to upwards of 
 4,000 men, and was thus composed :— 
 
 - 1,000 
 
 C Infantry 
 
 Europeans Artillery 
 
 t Dragoons 
 
 r Infantry 
 1 Dragoons 
 
 Native 
 
 300 
 30 
 
 3,250 
 30 
 
 Total - 4,610 
 
 V 
 
 14'.. 
 
 m 
 
 m 
 
 Win 
 
 w 
 
 With the army were also thuty field-pieces and 
 howitzers, together with four battering twenty-four 
 pounders. 
 
 The Anglo-Indian army marched to Conjeveram, 
 sixty miles westward of Madras, where it was to be 
 joined by a detachment from the northward, under the 
 command of Lieut.-Colonel Baillie. 
 
 At this period the Sultan of Mysore was engaged 
 in besieging Arcot, the capital of the Carnatic, wliich 
 was invested by the enemy on the 2l8t of August. 
 The movement of Sir Hector Munro's force caused 
 Hyder Ali to raise the siege ; he then detached his son, 
 Tippoo Saib, with a large body of horse and foot, 
 amounting to 24,000 men and twelve guns, to inter- 
 cept Lieut.-Colonel Baillie, whose junction with the 
 main army had been ordered. 
 
 In this manoeuvre Tippoo Saib succeeded, and Major- 
 General Sir Hector Munro was compelled to detach 
 Lieut.-Colonel Fletcher with a thousand men to rein- 
 force Lieut.-Colonel Baillie. The flank companies of 
 the first battalion of the Seventy-third formed part of this 
 detachment ; the grenadier company was commanded by 
 Lieutenant the Honorable John Lindsay, and the light 
 
BEOIMENT, HIGHLAND LIGHT IKFANTRT. 
 
 9 
 
 company by Captain, afterwards General the Right 1780/ 
 Hon. Sir David Baird, Bart, and G.C.B.* istbat. 
 
 On the 6th of September, Lieut-Colonel Baillie was 
 attacked at Perambaukum by the division under Tippoo 
 Saib, and on the 9th of that month was joined by the 
 detachment under Lieut.-Colonel Fletcher. On the 
 following day they were attacked by Hyder's whole 
 army, and the officers and men of this ill-fated de- 
 tachment were either killed, taken, or dispersed. 
 
 The following graphic description of this unequal 
 contest with Hyder's whole army, the division under 
 Tippoo Saib acting in concert, is given by Captain 
 Innes Munro, of the Seventy-third , who published a 
 " Narrative of the Military Operations on the Coro- 
 mandel Coast from 1780 to 1784 :"— 
 
 ** Lieut-Colonel BaiUie could but make a feeble 
 ** resistance against so superior a force ; but his little 
 ** band yet gallantly supported a very unequal fire, until 
 " their whc^e ammunition had either been blown up 
 " or expended, which of course silenced the British 
 " artillery. Hyder's guns upon this drew nearer and 
 " nearer at every discharge, while each shot was at- 
 " tended with certain and deadly eifect Lieut- 
 " Colonel Baillie's detachment, seeing their artillery 
 " silenced and remaining inactive Avhile exposed to 
 " certain destruction, very naturally became dismayed ; 
 " which the enemy no sooner perceived than they 
 " made a movement for a general charge and advanced 
 " on all quarters to a close attack. At this dangerous 
 " and trying juncture, sufficient to damp the spirits of 
 " the most intrepid, all the camp-followers rushed in 
 " confusion through the ranks of every battalion, and 
 " in an instant threw the whole into disorder. The 
 " black troops, finding themselves in this calamitous 
 
 * A memoir of General the Ilight Honorable Sir David Baird, 
 Bart., G.C.B., is inserted in the Appendix, page 144. 
 
'it' 
 
 M 
 
 W'' 
 
 m 
 
 !> 
 
 ;^f 
 
 i« 
 
 m 
 
 ^i i 
 
 :■ Ml 
 
 i I 
 
 10 RI8T0BI0AL BBOOKD OF THB SBYENTT-FIBST 
 
 1780." rituationi relinquished every hope of success; and, 
 tit tat." notwithstanding the extraordinary exertions of their 
 ** European officers, were no more to be rallied. But 
 " 0uch of the Europeans as had fallen into disorder by 
 ** this irregularity, quickly united again in compact 
 ** ordori headed by their gallant commander, who was 
 " at this time much wounded ; and, being joined by all 
 *' t)he Sepoy officers, planted themselves upon a rising 
 " bank of sand in then* vicinity, where they valiantly 
 *' resolved to defend themselves to the last extremity. 
 
 " History cannot produce an instance, for fortitude, 
 ** cool intrepidity, and desperate resolution, to equal 
 ♦* the exploits of this heroic band. In niunbers, now 
 ** reduced to five hundred, they were opposed by no 
 ** less than one hundred thousand enragerl barbarians, 
 ** who seldom grant quarter. The mind, in the con- 
 ** templation of such a scene, and such a situation as 
 *' theirs was, is filled at once with admiration, with 
 ** astonishment, with horror, and with awe. To behold 
 ** fonmdable and impenetrable bodies of horse, of in- 
 " fantry, and of artillery, advancing from all quarters, 
 " flashing savage fury, levelling the numberless instru- 
 " ments of slaughter, and darting destruction around, 
 ** was a scene to appal even something more than the 
 " strongest human resolution ; but it was beheld by 
 " this little band with the most undaunted and im- 
 *' movable firmness. Distinct bodies of horse came on 
 ** successively to the charge, with strung parties of 
 " infantry placed in the intervals, whose fire was dis- 
 " diargcd in showers ; but the deliberate and well- 
 " levelled platoons of the British musketry had such a 
 " powerful effect as to repulse several diffei'ent attacks. 
 ** Like the swelling waves of the ocean, however, when 
 " agitated by a storm, fresh columns incessantly poured 
 ** in upon them with redoubled fury, which at length 
 " brought so many to the ground, and weakened their 
 *' fire so considerably, that they were unable longer to 
 
BEOIMENT, HIOHLAND LiaHT INTAMTST. . H 
 
 withstand the dreadM and tremendoua shock; and 1780. 
 the field soon presented a picture of the most inhuman 1st bat 
 cruelties and unexampled carnage. v./ y^, »« - . yn>. 
 " The last and awful struggle was marked by the 
 clashing of arms and shields, the snorting and kicking 
 of horses, the snapping of spears, the glistening of 
 bloody swords, oaths and imprecations ; concluding 
 with the groans and cries of bruised and mutilated 
 men, wounded horses tumbling to the ground upon 
 expiring soldiers, and the hideous roaring of ele- 
 phants, stalking to and fro, and wielding their 
 dreadful chains alike amongst friends and foes, ^r . ;>.t. > 
 
 (( 
 
 (( 
 
 " Lieut.-Colonel Fletcher and twenty-nine European 
 " officers, with one hundred and fifty-five European 
 *• rank and file, were killed ; Lieut.-Colonel Baillie, 
 " with thirty-four officers, and almost all the European 
 " privates, were miserably wounded ; sixteen officers 
 *' and privates, from a Divine protection, and the ge- 
 " nerous clemency of the French hussars, remained 
 " unhurt, who, with the rest, were all made prisoners. 
 
 The whole of the sepoys were either killed, taken, 
 
 or dispersed." 
 
 The flank companies wo aliuo^t annihilated. Captain 
 Baird received seven wounds, and Lieutenant the Hon. 
 John Lindsay nine ; both were made prisoners. 
 
 Lieutenant Phili|) Melvill * was totally disabled by 
 his wounds, and was conveyed to Hyder's camp, where 
 many other wounded prisoners were crowded together 
 in one tent, so as to prevent a moment's ease or rest. 
 They were afterwards confined at Bangalore, where 
 they endured the greatest suffering for three year.^ and 
 a half, when, peace being concluded, the captives were 
 released. 
 
 Lieutenent William Gunn, of the grenadiers, and 
 
 /•*• 
 
 * See memoir of Captain Philip M«lvill in the Appendix, page 143. 
 
I 
 
 12 HISTORICAL BECORD OP THE SEVENTY-FIRST 
 
 1780. Lieutenant Geddes Mackenzie, of the light company, 
 istbat. were killed. 
 
 These were the whole of the officers serving with the 
 two companies. Of the non-commissioned officers and 
 privates only two men joined the battalion, and those 
 were found in the jungle desperately wounded. 
 
 The melancholy fate of these companies rendered it 
 necessary for Colonel Lord Macleod to form two new 
 flank companies from the battalion. 
 
 After the defeat of Lieut.-Colonel Baillie, Major 
 General Sir Hector Munro retired with the army to 
 Chingleput, much pressed on the march by the enemy. 
 The wounded and sick being left at Chingleput, the 
 army went into cantonments on Choultry Plain for the 
 rainy season, which had set in. The troops in the 
 retreat had suffijred severely from fatigue and want of 
 provisions. 
 
 Captain Alexander Gilchrist, of the grenadiers, 
 whose ill-health prevented him from being with his 
 company when Lieut.-Colonel Baillie was attacked, 
 died at this period*, and Lieutenant Alexander 
 Mackenzie was wounded, together with several soldiers, 
 in skirmishes with the enemy. 
 2d bat. After the British fleet had departed from Gibraltar 
 the Spaniards renewed the blockade by sea, and 
 
 * The following allusion to Captain Gilchrist is made by Captain 
 Munro, in his Narrative : — 
 
 " Here ouk regiment had the misfortune of burying Captain Gil- 
 " Christ, a brave and experienced officer, whose loss the sevknty-tiiihd 
 " had much cause to lament, he having always acted as a mentor to the 
 " young and inexperienced gentlemen of his corps. This veteran hod 
 '* the honor, when a subaltern, of witnessing the exploits of General 
 " Wolfe upon the plains of Quebec, and was now at the head of our 
 '• grenadier company ; but, having exerted himself too much upon the 
 " march to Conj-vran, he was seized at that place with o fever, which 
 " disabling liim frvim conducting the grenadiers upon the detachment 
 " under Lieut-Colonel Fletcliur, affected his mind so deeply, particularly 
 " when he heard of their dismal fute, that a delirium came on during 
 " this march, of which he died, regretted and justly lamented by all." 
 
BEGIMENT, HIGHLAND LIGHT INFANTBT. 
 
 13 
 
 attempted to destroy the vessels in the harbour by 1780. 
 fire-ships, but failed. Towards the close of the year 2d bat 
 provisions again became short. A Ihnited supply was 
 occasionally obtained from the Moors. The effects of 
 the scurvy were mitigated by cultivating vegetables on 
 the rock; and the brave defenders of the fortress main- 
 tained their attitude of defiance to the power of Spain. 
 
 Mr. Laurens, late President of the American Con- 
 gross, hxving been captured in his passage to Holland 
 by the British, papers were found on him showing that 
 a treaty of alliance was on the point of conclusion be- 
 tween the Americans and the States General. Great 
 Britain in consequence declared war against Holland on 
 the 20th of December, and thus became engaged with a 
 fourth enemy, exclusive of the hostile powers in India. 
 
 Upon the 17th of January 1781, the army being re- 1781. 
 assembled, took the field under the command of Lieut.- ist bat. 
 General Sir Eyre Coote, K.B., Commander-in-Chief in 
 India. At this period the strength of the first battalion 
 did not exceed five hundred men. Hyder Ali was then 
 in the Tanjore country, committing every species of 
 outrage and devastation. 
 
 On the 1st of June, 1781, Colonel Lord Maclcod 
 received the local rank of Major-General in the East 
 Indies. In June Sir Eyre Coote moved the army olong 
 the coast southerly, towards Cuddalore, where his out- 
 posts were attacked by Tippoo Saib, who was repulsed. 
 The British connnander afterwards marched his whole 
 force to Chillumborcm, upon the Coleroon, where the 
 enemy liad a large magazine of grain. 
 
 The pagoda was attacked by the ])iquets under the 
 command of Captain John Shaw, of the first battalion, 
 but the detachment was repulsed, and that officer 
 wounded. 
 
 Hyder \H, being apprehensive for the safety of 
 Chillumborem, moved his army in the direction of thot 
 place from Tanjoro and Trichinopoly, while Lieut- 
 

 If 
 
 l|r. 
 
 m 
 I* 
 
 ^14 HI8T0BICAL RECOBD OF THE 8EVENTT-PIB8T 
 
 1781. General Sir Eyre Coote, with the view of obtaining 
 
 IM bat supplies from the shipping, proceeded towards Cudda- 
 
 lore. Hyder, by forced marches and raanceuvres, had 
 
 nearly surrounded the British on the plains of Porto 
 
 ' Novo, about two days' march to the southward of 
 
 Cuddaiore. 
 
 At four o'clock in the morning of the Ist of July, 
 Sir Eyre Coote put his army of about 8,000 men in 
 movement, while that of the enemy, computed at 
 100,000, was observed to range itself in order of battle. 
 
 The army of Lieut;-General Sir Eyre Coote formed 
 on the plain in two lines ; the first battalion was com- 
 manded by Colonel James Craufurd* (Lord Macleod 
 having returned to England), and had its station in the 
 first line under the orders of Major General Sir Hector 
 Munro. Major General James Stuart commanded the 
 second line. The action commenced by an advanced 
 movement of the English troops, and the contest was 
 sustained with great spirit by both parties until night, 
 when the firing ceased, and the British remained masters 
 of the field. 
 
 The veteran chief. Sir Eyre Coote, was so well 
 pleased with the conduct of the battalion upon this 
 occasion that he was heard to exclaim, addressing him- 
 self in the heat of the battle to one of the pipers, 
 " Well done, my brave fellow, you shall have silver pipes 
 when the battle is overl" The general did not forget 
 hirt promise, and in addition to a general order expressive 
 t)f his sense of the gallantry and steadiness of the bat- 
 talion in the battle of Porto Novo^ he presented a 
 handsome pair of silver pipes (value one hundred pngo- 
 diir't) to the corps, upon which was engraved a suitable 
 inscription ; this he desired might be preserved us a 
 
 * Jvlfut.-(Joloni'I James Crauftird, of the «kventt-thiri> regiment, 
 
 was protnoti'd to the local rank of Colonel in the KuMt Indies on th« 
 
 sad March 1780. 
 
 t The value of a pagoda is seven Bbillings and sixpence. 
 
REGIMENT, HIGHLAND LIGHT INFANTRY. 15 
 
 lasting monument of his approbation of its conduct in 1781. 
 that battle, the result of which enabled Sir Eyre Coote ittlwt. 
 to reach Cuddalore, the point of destination, on the 
 4th of July. 
 
 S'aortly afterwards the army was moved to St. 
 Thomas's Mount. 
 
 On the 3d of August the force from Bengal, under 
 the orders of Colonel Pearse, arrived and formed a 
 junction with Sir Eyre Coote's army at Pulicat, to 
 which place the army had moved in order to facilitate 
 that important object. The British force now amounted 
 to twelve thousand men. 
 
 The first brigade, composed entirely of Europeans, 
 was commanded by Colonel Craufurd, of the present 
 Seventy-first regiment, and had its station generally 
 in the centre of the line. Major General Sir Hector 
 Munro commanded the right >ving, and Colonel Pearse 
 the left 
 
 In / - 1, Major James Mackenzie of the battalion 
 died, i.u.vorsally regretted. His exertions in the early 
 part of the campaign had brought on illness, which ter- 
 minated his career. 
 
 On the ] 6th of August the preparations that had 
 been carried on for the siege of Arcot, which had been 
 taken by Hyder Ali in the previous year, and for the 
 relief of Vellore being completed, the Anglo-Indian 
 army waa put in movement. On the 20th of August 
 Tripnssoor was retaken, by which capture a very largo 
 supply of grain fell into the hands of the British. The 
 camp of Ryder's main army was at Conjeveram, and 
 every exertion was made by his detachments to inter- 
 rupt the progress of the British troops. 
 
 The British, on the 27th of August, came in sight of 
 the enemy, drawn up in order of battle upon the very 
 ground whore Lieut.-Coloncl Baillic had met his defeat, 
 a position which the religious notions of llyder Ali 
 induced him to consider fortunate. Thus encouraged or 
 

 ■1 
 
 16 HISTORICAL BECOBD OF THE SEVENTT-FIBST 
 
 1781. inspired, he seemed determined to hazard a second 
 1 St bat general action, and accordingly commenced the attack 
 by a smart cannonade, when f>n obstinate contest ensued, 
 which lasted the whole day, and which terminated in 
 his defeat, and his being forced to retire from all liis 
 positions. 
 
 There wa? u circumstance peculiar to this field of 
 battle which -tamped it with aggravated horrors. It is 
 ably and feelingly described by Captain Munro in hia 
 Narrative, from which the following is extracted."* 
 
 " Perhaps there come not within the wide range of 
 " human imagination scenes more affecting, or circum- 
 " stances more touching, than many of our army had 
 " that day to witness and to be..'*. On the very s}X)t 
 " where they stood lay strewed amongst their feet the 
 " relics of their dearest fellow eoldiers and friends, who 
 " near twelve months before had been slain by the 
 hands of those very inhuman monsters that now ap- 
 peared a second time eager to complete the work of 
 blood. One poor soldier, with the tear of affection 
 glistening in his eye, picked up the decaying spatter- 
 diish of his valued brother, with the name yet entire 
 upon it, which the tinge of blood and effects of werther 
 had kindly spared. Another discovered the club or 
 plaited hair of his bosom friend, which he himself had 
 helped to form, and knew by the tie and still remain- 
 ing colour. A third mournfully recognised tlie feather 
 which had decorated the cap of his inseparable com- 
 panion. The scattered clothes and wings of the flank 
 companies of the Se*'cntj/-third were everywhere 
 perceptible, as also their helmets and skulls, both of 
 " which bore the marks of many furrowed cut^. These 
 " horrid spectacles, too melancholy to dwell up i, while 
 
 (( 
 
 (( 
 
 (( 
 
 (( 
 
 t( 
 
 (( 
 
 (( 
 
 (( 
 
 t( 
 
 (( 
 
 * A Narrative of the Military Operations on the Coromandel Coast, 
 against the combined forces of the French, Dutch, and Hydcr Ali, from 
 1780 to 1784, hy Captain Innes Munro, of the Sevenljf'tkird or Lord 
 Macleod's Uegiuent of IligUandern. 
 
REGIMENT, HIGHLAND LIGHT INFANTRY. 17 
 
 •' they melted the hardest hearts, inflamed our soldiers 1781. 
 ** with an enthusiasm and thirst of revenge such as istbat. 
 " render men invincible ; but their ardour was neces- 
 " sarily checked by the involved situation of the army." 
 
 Uliou this horrid spot the army halted two days, and 
 it then retired to Tripassoor, to secure provisions. At 
 this period the health of Major- General Sir Hector 
 Munro compelled him to leave the army. 
 
 On the 19th of September, Lieut.-General Sir Eyre 
 Coote made a movement towards Vellore, the relief of 
 which place Hyder Ali appeared determined to oppose, 
 by occupying in order of battle the Pass of Sholinffur, 
 at the same time making very spirited attacks against 
 the fortress of Vellore. 
 
 Upon the 27th of September, Colonel Craufurd, now 
 second in command, received the orders of the Com- 
 mander-in-Chief to move the B itish army to the 
 front.* Hyder, confident of success, made a forward 
 movement to meet his opponents, when a general 
 action commenced. A detachment, commanded by 
 Colonel Edmonstonc, (of which the flank companies of 
 the first battalion formed part,) succeeded in turning 
 the left flank of the enemy, and fell upon his camp and 
 rear. The day closed by the total defeat of Hyder's 
 troops, who were pursued by the cavalry until sunset. 
 
 Under circumstances the most distressing and im- 
 
 * The following is extracted ft'oni a letter, dated 28ih January 1782, 
 firom Iiieut.-Qenerul Sir Eyre Cooto, K.B., then at Fort George, 
 IVfadros, addressed to the Earl of Shelburne, one of His Miyesty's 
 Principal Secretaries of State : — 
 
 " Colonel Craufurd, of His Majesty's* SEVENTi-Tiiinn regiment, 
 " having liad my leave to return to Europe, will have the honor of 
 " delivering your lordship this letter. 
 
 " I should do injustice to the high sense I entertain of Colonel 
 " Crauftird's merit as an officer, did I omit on tliis occasion mentioning 
 •' how much he has acquitted himself to my satisfaction, and with honor 
 " and credit to himself, in the whole course of a most trying campaign. 
 " lie was next in command to me at the battle of Sholingur, on which 
 •• occasion his conduct was deserving of the highest applause." 
 
 B 
 

 n 
 
 ►II' 
 
 ; I 
 
 ill 
 
 18 HISTORICAL BECOBD OF THE SEVENTY-FIRST 
 
 1781.promii8ing, but with the hope of obtaining the supplies 
 lrtbftt.of provisions of which the army was quite destitute, 
 and for which no previous arrangement had been made 
 by tho Government, Lieut. General Sir Eyre Coote, 
 on tho l»t of October, boldly pushed through the 
 Sholingur Paas, and after a march of two days en- 
 camped at Altamancherry, in the Polygar country. 
 Hero, by the friendly aid and kindness of Bum-Kaze, 
 one of the Polygar princes, the troops were well sup- 
 plied with every requisite. 
 
 The British camp was moved on the 26th of October 
 to Pollipet, and the sick and wounded were sent to 
 Tripoisoor. Vcllore was also relieved. This desirable 
 object being effected, and the army reinforced by 
 Colonel Laing with a hundred Europeans from Vel- 
 lore, it proceeded to the attack of Chittoor, which, after 
 a gallant resistance, capitulated. 
 
 With a view to get the British from a country 
 10 very inaccessible, Hyder Ali proceeded to the 
 attack of Tripassoor, and on the 20th of November 
 Sir Eyre Coote retired out of the Pollams, through the 
 Nttggary Pass, which obliged the enemy to raise the 
 siege of Tripassoor, and to retire to Arcot. The 
 campaign closed by the recapture of Chittoor by the 
 enemy. 
 
 On the 2d of December, the monsoon having set in, 
 the army broke up its camp on the Koilatoor Plain, 
 an«l the different corps marched into cantonments in 
 tlie neighbourhood of Madras. 
 
 During the campaign of 1781, the battalion was 
 conmianded by Captain John Shaw. 
 2*1 but. While the first battalion had been thus actively em- 
 ployed in India, tlie second battalion was enfjaged in 
 the galhint defence of Gibraltar, the garrison of which 
 wan ligaiu relieved, in April 1781, by the arrival of a 
 niiiiM'rouH fleet luider Vicc-Admiral Darby. 
 
 The Spaniards, relinquishing all hope of reducing 
 
BEGIMENT, HIGHLAND LIGHT INFANTRY. 19 
 
 the fortress by blockade, resolved to try the power 1781. 
 of theu: numerous artillery. Scarcely had the fleet 2d bat 
 cast anchor, when the enemy's batteries opened, 
 and the fire of upwards of one hundred guns and 
 mortars enveloped the fortress in a storm of war; a 
 number of gun-boats augmented the iron tempest 
 which beat against the rock, and the houses of the 
 inhabitants were soon in ruins. On the 8th of May, 
 Captain James Foulis, of the second battalion of the 
 regiment, was wounded in the lines. 
 
 On the night of the 17th of September the following 
 incident relating to the battalion occurred in an attack 
 of the enemy, the account of which is extracted from 
 the " History of the Siege of Gibraltar," by Colonel 
 John Drinkwater, of the late Seventy-second Regi- 
 ment, or Royal Manchester Volunteers: — 
 
 " A shell during the above attack fell in an embra- 
 ** sure opposite the King's lines bomb-proof, killed one 
 " of the Seventy-third, and wounded another of the 
 " same corps. The case of the latter was singular, and ' 
 " will serve to enforce the maxim, that, even in the 
 " most dangerous ca&es, we should never despair of a 
 
 recovery whilst life remains. This unfortunate man 
 
 was knocked down by the wind of the shell, which, 
 " instantly bursting, killed his companion, and mangled 
 " him in a most dreadful manner. His head was 
 " terribly fractured, his left arm broken in two places, 
 " one of his legs shattered, the skin and muscles 
 " torn off part of his right hand, the middle finger 
 " broken to pieces, and his whole body most severely 
 " bruised, and marked with gunpowder. He presented 
 " so horrid an object to the surgeons, that they had not 
 " the smallest hopes of saving his life, and were at a 
 " loss what part to attend to first. He was that 
 " evening trepanned, a few days afterwards his leg 
 " was amputated, and other wounds and fractures 
 " dre8sed« Being possessed of a most excellent coneti- 
 
 B 2 
 
 (( 
 
 « 
 
m 
 
 i 
 
 ?ii 
 
 iii 
 
 § 
 
 ({ 
 
 ts 
 
 20 HISTOBICAL RECORD OP THE SEVENTY-FIRST 
 
 1781.** tution, nature performed wonders in his favour, and 
 2d bat ** in eleven weeks the cure was completely effected. 
 His name is Donald Ross, and he long continued to 
 enjoy his sovereign's bounty in a pension of nine- 
 ** pence a day for life." 
 
 On the 4 th of November, Lieutenant John Fraser, 
 of the second battalion, had his leg shot off on Mon- 
 tague's Bastion, and two of the soldiers of the battalion 
 were likewise wounded by the enemy's fire. 
 
 General Eliott, afterwards Lord Heathfield, which 
 title was conferred for the services performed by him 
 when Governor of Gibraltar, in order to free himself 
 from the contiguity of the besiegers, resolved to make 
 a sortie. The favourable opportunity presented itself; 
 and, on the evening of the 26th of November, the 
 following garrison order was issued : — 
 
 ** Countersign, Steady. — All the grenadiers and 
 ** light infantry in the garrison, and all the men of the 
 ** Twelfth and Hardenberg's regiments, with the officers 
 ** and non-commissioned officers on duty, to be imme- 
 " diately relieved and join their regiments ; to form a 
 ** detachment, consisting of the Twelfth and Harden- 
 *' berg's regiments complete ; the grenadiers and light 
 '* infantry of all the other regiments ; one captain, three 
 ** lieutenants, ten non-commissioned officers, and a hun- 
 ** dred artillery ; three engineers, seven officers, ten 
 ** non-commissioned officers, overseers, with a hundred 
 ** and sixty workmen from the line, and forty workmen 
 ** from the artificer corps ; each man to have thirty-six 
 ** rounds of ammunition, with a good flint in his piece, 
 ** and another in hia pocket ; the whole to be commanded 
 ** by Brigadier-General Ross, and to assemble on the 
 ** red sandu, at twelve o'clock this night, to make a 
 ** sortie upon the enemy's batteries. The thirty-ninth 
 ** and fifty-eighth regiments to parade at the same 
 " hour, on the grand parade, under the command of 
 
 ■11 
 
BEGIMENT, HIGHLAND LIGHT INFANTBY. 21 
 
 " Brigadier-General Picton, to sustain the sortie, ifl781. 
 " necessary." 2d bat 
 
 The flank companies of the second battalion, consist- 
 ing of eight officers, ten Serjeants, and 202 rank and 
 file, formed part of the centre column. The moon shone 
 brightly as the soldiers assembled on the sands at mid- 
 night. Between two and three o'clock darkness over- 
 spread the coxmtry, and the troops issued silently from 
 the fortress. They were challenged and fired upon by 
 the enemy's scurries, but the British soldiers rushed 
 forward with the'r native ardour, overpowered the 
 Spanish guards, and captured the batteries in gallant 
 style. The enemy's soldiers, instead of defending the 
 works, fled in dismay, and communicated the panic to 
 the troops in their rear. The wooden batteries were 
 soon prepared for fire ; the flames spread with astonish- 
 ing ra}>idity, and a column of fire and smoke arose from 
 the works, illuminating the surrounding objects, and 
 shedding a fiery lustre upon this unparalleled scene. 
 
 In an hour the object of the sortie was effected; trains 
 were laid to the enemy's magazines, and the soldiers 
 withdrew. As they entered the fortress, tremendous 
 explosions shook the ground, and rising columns of 
 smoke, flame, and burning timber proclaimed the de- 
 struction of the enemy's immense stores of gunpowder 
 to be completed. General Eliott declared in orders, 
 " The bearing and conduct of the whole detachment, 
 " officers, seamen, and soldiers, on this glorious occa- 
 " sion, surpass my utmost acknowledgments." 
 
 For several days the Spaniards appeared confounded 
 at their disgrace. The smoke of the burning batteries 
 continued to rise, and no attempt was made to extin- 
 guish the flames ; but several executions took place in 
 their camj), probably of persons who fled so precipitately 
 from the batteries. In the beginning of December they 
 began to arouse themselves, and a thousand workmen 
 
 d3 
 
22 HISTORICAL REOORD OP THE SEVENTY-FIRST 
 
 5? 
 
 1781. commenced labouring to restore the batteries, in which 
 Sd bat. they were retarded by the fire of the garrison. 
 
 While the besiegers were thus employed, the gallant 
 defenders of the fortress were equally indefatigable; 
 every serjeant, drummer, musician, officer's servant, 
 and private soldier, used the musket, shovel, and pick- 
 axe, as his services were necessary, 
 
 1782. At the opening of the campaign in India, in the 
 1 St bat. beginning of 1782, the army did not muster a larger 
 
 force than at the commencement of the former year. 
 The first and most important object in view was the 
 relief of Vellore, kept in strict blockade by the enemy. 
 The safety of this fortress was of paramount conse- 
 quence, being the only key the British possessed to the 
 Passes of the Ghauts, through which an invasion of the 
 enemy's country could be accomplished ; and the army 
 being put in movement, pushed through the Sholingur 
 Pass, and by the 11th of January the relief of VeUore, 
 with a supply of rice for six months, Avas fully effected. 
 After the accomplishment of this object the army 
 retired, and on the 20th of January arrived at Poona- 
 mallee, having lost upon this expedition six officers 
 and about thirty Europeans, with one hundred sepoys, 
 killed and wounded. 
 
 The following anecdote is extracted from the narra- 
 tive of Captain Munro, relating to the fall of John 
 Mackay, a corporal of the battalion, in one of the 
 skinnishes Avith the enemy, when the army was on the 
 march to Vellore : — " For the satisfaction of my High- 
 ** land friends, I take this opportunity of commemo- 
 rating the fall of John Mackay, alias Donn, a corporal 
 in the Seventy-third (now Seventy-first) regi- 
 " ment, son of Robert Donn, the famous Highland 
 bard, whose singular talent for the beautiful and 
 extemporaneous composition of Gaelic poetry was 
 " held in such esteem by the Highland Society. This 
 
 tt 
 
 St 
 
 tt 
 
 ft 
 
 II ill 
 
BE6IMENT, HIGHLAND LIGHT INFANTRY. 
 
 23 
 
 " son of the bard has frequently revived the drooping 1782. 
 " spirits of his countrymen upon the march, by singing istbat. 
 " in a pleasant manner the humorous and lively pro- 
 " ductions of his father. He was killed by a cannon 
 ** ball on the 13th of Januaiy, and on the same even- 
 *• ing was interred by his disconsolate comrades with 
 " all the honors of war." 
 
 For the first three months of the year 1782, the 
 army of Lieut.-General Sir Eyre Coote was kept in a 
 state of inactivity at St. Thomas's Mount, where it would 
 appear the Government of the presidency, apprehensive 
 for its own safety, had detained this force, while a 
 judicious movement to Porto Novo might have pre- 
 vented the junction of the forces under Tippoo Saib 
 with the strong reinforcement of French troops that 
 had arrived from Europe on board the fleet of Admiral 
 Suffrein, or at all events have prevented the loss of 
 Permacoil and Cuddalore. 
 
 At length Sir Eyre Coote, having been reinforced by 
 the Seventy-eighth, afterwards the Seventy-second 
 regiment, recently arrived from England, was permitted 
 to put the army in movement. In the beginning of 
 April he marched in a southerly direction by Carangooly 
 and Wandewash towards the enemy, encamped upon 
 the Red Hills of Pondicherry. The object, which the 
 Commander-in-chief appeared to have in view, was to 
 separate the French and Mysorean troops, and he 
 manoeuvred accordingly between Chitaput and Amee, 
 until Hyder Ali, apprehensive for the safety of the 
 latter place, where he had established magazines, made 
 a rapid movement on the 2d of June, so as to overtake 
 and attack the rear-guard of the Britisii, commanded by 
 Lieut. Colonel John Elphinston*,of the Seventy-third , 
 who maintained his ground with great spirit and intre- 
 
 * Major John Elphinston, of the Seventt-tihkd regiment, was pro- 
 moted to the local rank of lieutenant-colonel in the East Indies on the 
 23d of May 1781. 
 
 B 4 
 

 I! 
 
 Mi 
 
 24 HISTORICAL RECORD OF THE SEVENTY-FIRST 
 
 178'i.j)idity until the line had completed its formation. The 
 litbAt, troops were ordered to advance immediately upon the 
 enemy's gnne, the action became very warm, and the foe 
 was Boon forced across the river ofArnee, and in the pur- 
 suit several tumbrils were taken by the Honorable Cap- 
 tain James Lindsay, of the battalion. This gallant and 
 intelligent officer, perceiving an enemy's battalion en- 
 deavouring to extricate the tumbrils in the bed of the 
 river, liwhed forward at the head of his grenadier com- 
 pany, supported by the remainder of the corps under 
 Major George Mackenzie's command, and, quickly dis- 
 persing all opposed to his progress, took possession 
 of his prize. This movement of the Seventy-third was 
 supported on the left by a battalion of Bengal Sepoys, 
 who had captured one of the enemy's guns, and both 
 corps, equally animated by success, pushed on, driving 
 the enemy before them as long as pursuit was prudent. 
 
 The conduct of Captain the Honorable James Lind- 
 say, although he had acted without orders, received all 
 the praise it merited from the commander-in-chief, 
 Lieut.-Gcncral Sir Eyre Coote. At the battle o^Arnee 
 the staff of the regimental colour was shattered by a 
 cannon ball, ond the ensign severely wounded. 
 
 The nrniy encamped for the night on the field of 
 battle, and on the following morning took up a position 
 before Amee ; but a scarcity of grain compelled the 
 general to retrace his steps towards Madras, and on 
 the 2()th of June he arrived at St. Thomas's Mount. 
 
 In the months of July and August the army made 
 two expeditions, one to Wandewash, in which it was 
 foiled by the active and politic Hyder, the other for 
 the relief of Velhre, in which it was more fortunate, 
 having succeeded in throwing a large quantity of grain 
 , into that fortress. 
 
 The siege of Cuddalore having been determined on, 
 the army moved on the 26th of August in a southerly 
 direction, and on the 4th of September halted on the 
 
BEGIMENT, HIGHLAND LIGHT INFANTRY. 25 
 
 Red Hills of Pondicherry. Deserters reported th : 782. 
 garrison of Cuddalore to consist of 800 Europeans, SOO^stbat 
 Africans, and 600 Sepoys, who, having expelled the 
 inhabitants, and covered the walls with cannon, were 
 resolved to defend the place to the last extremity. The 
 failure of the supplies, which Sir Eyre Coote had been 
 led to expect from Madras by the fleet, excited so much 
 anxiety and disappointment in the veteran's mind, that 
 a severe illness ensued, which obliged him to quit the 
 amiy, and ultimately to proceed to Bengal for the 
 benefit of his health. The command then devolved 
 upon Major-General James Stuart, who commenced 
 his retreat in the evening of the 10th of October. 
 
 On the 15 th of October, the monsoon set in i/ith 
 unusual severity, and the army went into canton- 
 ments in the vicinity of Madras. Hyder Ali, at the 
 same time, took up his old position near Arcot. Shortly 
 after. Rear Admiral Sir Richard Bickertoii; with a 
 large fleet from England, came to anchor in INIadras 
 roads, having on board considerable reinforcements for 
 the army, which was joined in the cantonments by the 
 Twenty third Light Drr.goons, the 101st and 102d 
 British regiments, and the Fifteenth regiment of Hano- 
 verian Infantry. 
 
 In the month of December occurred the decease of 
 that extraordinary man, Hyder Ali, who was suc- 
 ceeded, without any of the coimnotions usual in the 
 East on such occasions, by his son, Tippoo Saib, 
 to whom he left a kingdom of liis own acquisition, 
 which made him one of the most powerful f 'i; -^es in 
 India. 
 
 All ordinary means of attack appearing to be una- 2d bat. 
 vailing against the resolute garrison of Gibraltar (of 
 wliich the second battalion of the regiment formed part), 
 stupendous preparations Avcre made on a new principle, 
 and floating batteries were constructed with great art 
 and labour. These were accounted the most perfect 
 
li'': 
 
 ':^: .^.:i!j 
 
 Wi-. 
 
 26 HISTOBICAL RECORD OF THE SEYENTT-riRST 
 
 1782. contrivance of the kind ever seen. The combined 
 2d bat. power of France and Spain was directed against the 
 fortress. The Duke of Crillon assumed the command of 
 the besieging army, and was assisted by a celebrated 
 French engineer. Monsieur d'Arcon, and by Admiral 
 Moreno, and a French army arrived to take part in the 
 siege. 
 
 A crisis was evidently approaching, and in the spring 
 and summer of 1782 the garrison of Gibraltar made 
 preparations with cool determination for the hour of 
 trial. The officers and soldiers appeared to be im- 
 pressed with their peculiar situation ; an important 
 fortress was confided to their protection ; they had 
 defended it against the efforts of the Spanish army and 
 navy upwards of two years ; and the eyes of all Europe 
 were directed towards them. The damaged works 
 were carefully repaired, new ones were constructed, 
 extensive subterraneous works were prepared, and 
 forges for heating red-hot shot were got ready. Every 
 Serjeant, drummer, musician, and officer's servant, as 
 well as the corporals and private soldiers, used a shovel, 
 pickaxe, or musket, according as their services were 
 required. The effect of the red-hot shot was proved 
 on some of the enemy's Avooden batteries on the sands, 
 which were speedily destroyed. 
 
 The Duke of Crillon anticipated the most signal 
 success from the extensive preparations he was making. 
 His camp was visited by princes of the royal blood of 
 France, by Spanish nobility, and other dignified cha- 
 racters of Europe, who came to be spectators of the 
 fall of the fortress, under the heavy fire of artillery 
 which was about to be opened upon it. The new bat- 
 teries on shore were unmasked, and fired a volley of 
 sixty f^holls, which was followed by the thunder of one 
 hundred and seventy guns of large calibre. Thus was 
 Gibraltar assiiilcd by a stonn of iron, which threatened 
 to reduce the fortress to a heap of ruins, and this was 
 
REGIMENT, HIGHLAND BIGHT INFANTRT. 27 
 
 le 
 
 of 
 
 only a prelude to the tremendous fire which was after^l782. 
 wards opened upon the garrison. Lieutenant Phipps 2d. bat 
 Wharton, of the second battalion, was dangerously 
 wounded by the enemy's fire. 
 
 On the 13th of September, the ten battering ships 
 took their station before the fortress, in the presence of 
 the combined fleets of France and Spain. The enemy's 
 camp and neighbouring hills were crowded with spec- 
 tators from various parts of Europe, to Avitness the effect 
 of these stupendous vessels, and such a storm of war 
 was opened upon the garrison as was probably never 
 heard before since the invention of cannon. The bat- 
 teries of the fortress answered this tremendous iire with 
 vigour, and the deafening thunder of four hundred 
 pieces of heavy artillery was heard for many miles. 
 For some hours the attack and defence were so equally 
 well supported as scarcely to admit any appearance 
 of superiority in the cannonade on either side. The 
 wonderful construction of the battering ships seemed 
 to bid defiance to the heaviest ordnance ; shells re- 
 bounded from their tops, and a thirty-two pound shot 
 scarcely seemed to make any impression on them. The 
 effect of the red-hot shot was doubted ; sometimes 
 smoke came from the sliips, but the fire-engines within 
 soon occasioned it to cease, and the result was uncer- 
 tain. The fire was, however, persevered in, and incessant 
 showers of red-hot bullets, shells, and carcases flew 
 through the air. In the afternoon the effects of tho 
 red-hot shot became apparent, and volumes of smoke 
 issued from the flag-ship; tho Admiral's second ship 
 was perceived to be in the same condition, and confu- 
 sion prevailed. The Spaniards expected that the 
 firing of red-hot bullets could not be persevered in 
 beyond a few rounds ; but the fire was continued with 
 the same precision and vivacity as cold shot. Tho 
 ef 8 of the hot balls occasioned tho enemy's can- 
 noc ^do to abate, and about eight o'clock it almost totally 
 
28 HISTORICAL BECOBD OP THE SEVENTY-FIRST 
 
 1782. ceased. The battering ships made signals to inform the 
 2d bat. combined fleets of their extreme danger and distress, 
 and several boats were sent to their aid. At this 
 period the fire of the garrison produced great carnage, 
 and the most pitiable cries and groans were heard, as 
 the incessant showers of shot and shells were poured 
 into the floating batteries. Soon after midnight one 
 ship was in flames, and by two o'clock she appeared one 
 sheet of fire from head to stem ; a second was soon in 
 the same state ; the flames enabled the British artillery 
 to point their guns with precision, and soon after three 
 o'clock six more ships exhibited the effects of the red- 
 hot shot. The burning ships exhibited one of the 
 grandest sjicctacles of destruction ever beheld; and 
 amidst this dreadful scene of conflagration, the British 
 seamen in boats were seen endeavouring to rescue the 
 Spaniards from the blazing ships. They preserved 
 between three and four hundred ; and while they were 
 thus engaged, one of the ships blew up with a dreadful 
 explosion ; four others met the same fate before seven 
 o'clock, and another shortly afterwards, and the re- 
 mainder burnt to tlu; water's edge, their magazines 
 having been inundated ; not one could be preserved ns 
 a trophy. 
 
 Thus did the mighty cff'orts of Franco and Spain end 
 in defeat and destruction, and tlie gallant efforts of the 
 brave soldiers who defended Gibraltar elicited the ad- 
 miration of the nations in Europe. In England the 
 most enthusiastic applause was universal ; illuminations 
 and other modes of testifying the joy of the people 
 followed tlie receipt of the news of the destruction of 
 the boasted inviucibh luittcring ships, and every fiunily 
 wiiich could claim a defender of Gibraltar l)c'h)nging to 
 it was proud of the honor. The loss of the garrison, 
 on the 13th and 14th of September, was limited to one 
 officer, two Serjeants, and thirteen rank and file killed ; 
 five officers and sixty-three rank and file wounded; 
 
REGIMENT, HIGHLAND LIGHT INFANTRY. 29 
 
 that of the enemy exceeded two thousand officers and 1782. 
 soldiers. Captain Alexander Mackenzie, of the second 2d bat 
 battalion, was one of the officers wounded. 
 
 Although the enemy gave up all hopes of reducing 
 Gibraltar by force of arms, yet some expectation was 
 entertained, that, if the blockade was continued, the 
 garrison might be forced to surrender from the want of 
 provisions ; the combined fleet therefore remained in 
 the bay, the besieging army continued in the lines, and 
 about a thousand shots were fired every day from the 
 Spanish batteries. The garrison was encoumged to 
 continue resolute in the defence of the fortress by 
 assurances of their Sovereign's favour and high appro- 
 bation. The principal Secretary of State, writing 
 to General Eliott, stated, — "I am honored with His 
 " Majesty's commands to assure you, in the strongest 
 " terms, that no encouragement shall be wanting to the 
 " brave officers and soldiers under your command. His 
 " royal approbation of the past will no doubt be a 
 " powerful incentive to future exertions, and I have the 
 " King's authority to assure you, that every distinguished 
 " act of emulation and gallantry, which shall be per- 
 " formed in the course of the siege by any, even of the 
 " lowest rank, will meet with ample reward from liia 
 " gracious protection and favour." 
 
 On the 4th of October Lieutenant Kenneth 
 Mackenzie, of the second battalion, was wounded 
 in the communication from the King's to the Queen's 
 lines. 
 
 In October the combined fleet was much damaged 
 by a storm, and soon afterwards a British naval force 
 arrived, and the garrison was again relieved, when two 
 regiments, the Twenty-fifth and Fifty-ninth, landed to 
 take part in the defence of the fortress. 
 
 On the 2.'id of November Lieutenant John Mac- 
 kenzie, of the second battalion, was dangerously 
 wounded by tho cromy's cannonade. 
 
30 HISTORICAL BECOBD OF THE SEVENTY-FIRST 
 
 > i 
 
 t 
 
 1783. At the opening of the campaign of 1783, Tippoo Saib 
 
 istbat encamped his army upon the plains of Amee, where he 
 was joined by a strong detachment of French auxiliaries 
 from Cuddalore. 
 
 Major-General Stuart put the British army in move- 
 ment, haying first in view the demolition of the useless 
 fortresses of Wandewash a: • Carangooly. He arrived 
 at the latter place on the 6^h i>f February, and, leaving 
 there all heavy baggage and oncumbrances, proceeded 
 lightly equipped towards Wandewash, the workt of 
 which were accordingly destroyed. The army then 
 returned to Carangooly, which experienced the same 
 fate as Wandewash, and on the 23d of February arrived 
 at Poonamallee. 
 
 2d bat Meanwhile, the siege of Gibraltar had terminated, 
 nostilities having ceased in February 1783, in conse- 
 quence of the preliminaries of the treaties between 
 Great Britain, France, and Spain having been signed 
 at Versaillco on the 20th of the preceding month. The 
 second battalion during the siege was commanded by 
 Lieut.-Colonel the Honorable George Mackenzie. 
 
 Istbat Notwithstanding private information having been 
 received from respectable sources, overland, of a peace 
 havin:^ been concluded between Great Britain and the 
 other belligerent powers in Europe, still the Madras 
 Government was determined to persevere in its original 
 planH for the attack of Cuddalore. With this view, 
 Major-General Stuart put the army in movement on 
 the 2l8t of April, marching by bngados in a southerly 
 direction. Major-General Stuart's army consisted of 
 the present Seventy-first and Seventy-second regi- 
 ments, the lOlst regiment, a considerable body of 
 native troops, and a dctachniuct of Hanoverians under 
 Colonel Wangcnheim. Brevet Lieut.-Colonel Elphin- 
 ston, of the first battalion of the regiment, took the 
 lead, with the fifth brigade, to the command of 
 which ho had been appointed, in consideration of hii 
 
BEOIMENT, HIGHLAND LIGHT INFANTRY. 31 
 
 distinguiehed conduct and important services in the 1783. 
 field istbAt. 
 
 I ieut.-Colonel James Stuart, of the Seventy-eighth 
 Highlanders (the present Seventy-second regiment), 
 commanded the first or European brigade, of which the 
 first battalion of the Seventy-third (now the Seventy- 
 first) re^ment formed part, and which amounted to 
 sixteen hundred men. 
 
 Brevet Lieut-Colonel Elphinston, in his advance, 
 possessed himself of Fermacoil ruins, from whence 
 could be plainly distinguished the enemy's advanced 
 parties upon the Red Hills of Pondicherry. The re- 
 mainder of the army joined at Permacoil on the 2d of 
 May. 
 
 About this period accounts were received of the 
 decease of Lieut.-General Sir Eyre Coote, which in- 
 telligence threw a peculiar gloom over those officers and 
 men who had had the honor to serve under his com- 
 mand in India. Major-General Stuart succeeded to 
 the command of the forces in India for the time 
 being. 
 
 After leaving Fermacoil, the army advanced to Killi- 
 noor, and from thence directed its course towards the 
 Red Hills of Pondicherry. 
 
 In May 1783, the second battalion embarked in 3d bat 
 transports, and sailed from Gibralta** for Portsmouth, 
 where it lauded in July following. 
 
 On t) . 4th of June, Major-General Stuart placed the istbat, 
 British camp close to the Pannar River, about five 
 miles west of Cuddalore. behind which the French 
 army was dcsc ied in on oi ^renchcd camp. 
 
 The British crossed the Pannar River on the Gtli of 
 June, without being molested, passed the BandipoUa.a 
 Hills, and took up a strong posit'': u not more than two 
 miles from the south face of the fortress of Cm' hdorct 
 haviog their right ilank covered by the sea, and the left 
 by the BandipoUam Hills. The cnemyi commanded by 
 
32 HISTORtCAL BECORD OP THE SEVENTY-FIRST 
 
 ' it 
 
 iSit 
 
 1783. General de Bueay, had in Dw meantime been occupied 
 lit bat. in throwing up works along his front. '^ 
 
 On the 12th of June, Major-General Stuart had de- 
 termined upon attacking Monsieur de Bussy in his pre- 
 sent position, and issued preparatoiy orders accordingly. 
 At four o'clock in the moraiuf^ of the 13th of June, tho 
 action commenced by a move wient from the British left 
 upon the right flank of the enemy. A very ob tinate 
 and sanguinary contest ensued, and continued wHhcut 
 intermission until the evening, when botl» annies re- 
 maijued tipon the field of battle, and conse.j^uently each 
 claimed the victory. 
 
 Tn this action the first battah't a of the regiment 
 hijthly distingutf«hed itpfilf, having wrested fro^ii lie 
 on«my, in tl »; course of the conflict, seven diffi^rcnt 
 redoubts, Th.; lm» • ', faincd hy the battalion was very 
 sevePfi. amountii!; i'^ k!llc<1 and wounded to 13 oflScers 
 and 272 men, b( ing mo half o^ the gross number in tUe 
 ii *ld. TIjc }»aH!ilit»n in this action was commanded by 
 Captain Hugh Lnmont. The battalion had to regret 
 the loBH of Captains the Honorable James Lindsay and 
 Alexander Mackenzie, who were killed. The former 
 officer comiimnded the Grenadier company. 
 
 The following flattering compliment formed part of 
 tho general orders issued by the Commander-in-Chief 
 a; the conclusion of the battle: — "I am also grateful 
 to Captain Lamont and the oflicers under his com- 
 mnn<l who gallantly led the precious remains of the 
 ftBVKNTY-TlllRD Regiment through the most perilous 
 .(Mul to glory, until exactly one half of the officers 
 " and men of the battalion were either killed or 
 " wounded." 
 
 On the 17tli of June the English and French fleets 
 ?')ught their la*«t battle during this war. The former 
 cummnndtid by Rear-Adm'ral Sir Edward Hughes, and 
 the latter by Monsieur Sutfrein. The contest was per 
 fcctly in view of both eimiea. Tho result oblige(? the 
 
 ti 
 
 t( 
 
 n 
 
 n 
 
r? REGIMENT, HIGHLAND LIGHT INFANTRY. 33 
 
 British admiral to proceed to Madras, while, to the 1783. 
 great embarrassment of the army under Major-General istbat 
 Stuart, the French fleet was enabled to anchor in Cud- 
 dalore Koads, and to afford supplies and reinforcements 
 to their troops. 
 
 The British prosecuted the siege of Cuddalore with 
 vigour, and on the 25th of June the first parallel was 
 completed. On that day the enemy made a sortie 
 but was repulsed, after a severe contest, with consider- 
 able loss. The commander of the party. Colonel the 
 Chevalier de Damas, was among the prisoners taken on 
 tliis occasion. 
 
 On the 1st of July a frigave arrived in Cuddalore 
 Boads, confirming the former ir .elligence, and bringing 
 the official accounts from England of a general peace 
 having been concluded. Hostilities in consequence 
 ceased. The English and French interchanged visits, 
 congratulations, and compliments, and became appa- 
 rently as cordial friends as they had before been deter- 
 mined enemies. 
 
 By the 2d of August the British anny had received 
 the supplies of which it stood greatly in want, and the 
 camp was immediately broken up, the troops proceeding 
 towards Madras, where they arrived on the 16th of 
 that month, at St. Thomas's Mount. 
 
 The army shortly afterwards went into winter 
 quarters, the Seventy-third occupying the fort and 
 cantonment of Arcot. 
 
 Tn August Ihe second battalion marched from Hilsea 2d bat. 
 barracks to Stirling, where it was disbanded on the 3d 
 of October ; and the officers belonging to the second 
 battalion, who were reglmentally senior to those 
 serving with the first, hiid the option afforded them of 
 joinln:^ that battalion in the East Indies, at their own 
 expense, of whicli >H>mc availed themselves. 
 
 On i,be 11th of Mareii 1784, a general peace was ra- 1784. 
 tificd between the Honorable East India Comimny and 
 
 
 
I 
 
 
 34 HISTORICAL BECORD OF THE SEVENTY-FIRST 
 
 1784.Tippoo Saib, and, shortly afterwards, the officers and 
 • ' ■ *'' men, who had been made prisoners in the action fought 
 by Lieut.-Colonel Baillie, on the 10th of September 
 1780, were restored to their friends, after having en- 
 dured captivity in irons in an ungenial climate, and 
 most of them suffering from 8e\ere wounds. 
 
 The regiment had the gratification to receive Captains 
 David Baird and the Honorable John Lindsay. The 
 commission of the latter, as capta\n, had been antedated 
 to the 12th of September 1780. Both of these officers 
 had recovered from their wound i. ' '^ ■ 
 
 During the remainder of the )'ear the regiment con- 
 tinued at Arcot, and was only employed, beyond the 
 usual routine of duty in quarters, for a short time in 
 quelling a mutiny which hroka out in the native 
 cavalry at Arnee. The regiment at this period was 
 commanded by Lieut.-Colonel V iC'-'ra Dalrymple. 
 
 1785. In the course of the monlh a'' Js-nc the regiment 
 was removed from Arcot to i'\>rt 8.'. Georse at 
 Madras, where it was joined by certain officers of the 
 late second battalion. Lieut.-Colonel Dalrymple having 
 returned to Great Biitain, the regiment was commanded 
 by Brevet Colonel the Honorable George Mackenzie. 
 
 Tlie regiment continued in quarters during the re- 
 mainder of the year at Fort St. George, and in the 
 town ni Madras. 
 
 1786. In the year 1786 the numerical title of the regiment 
 was changed from Seventy-third to SEYENTy-FiRsr ; 
 and new colours were received from England, bearing 
 the number Seventy-firrt, which designation it has 
 ftince retained. 
 
 The regiment changed its quartert", in March, to 
 Walhyohttbfid and Chingleput, having nine contpamea 
 cantoned at the Former station, and one at the latter 
 under Brevet Ivieut.-ColoneJ Hamilton Maxwell. 
 
 1787. On the 4th of June 1787, the commanding officer, 
 Colonel the Honorable George Mackenzie, died, after a 
 
REGIMENT, HIGHLAND LIGHT INFANTRY. 35 
 
 short illness. His body was sent to Madras, and there 1787. 
 interred with the military honors due to his rank. 
 The senior major, Brevet Lieutenant-Colonel John 
 Elphinston, succeeded to the lieutenant^colonelcy and 
 to the command of the regiment. Captain David 
 Baird was at the same time promoted to the rank of 
 major. The commissions of these officers were dated 
 5th of June 1787. 
 
 During the year 1787 no change of quarters took 
 place, and the regiment remained in cantonments at 
 Wallajohabad and Chingleput. ' 
 
 In February 1788, in consequence of some dis-1788. 
 turbance or alarm at the Bombay Presidency, the 
 Seventy-first marched to Madras, and immediately 
 embarked on board the Company's ships for Bombay. 
 The regiment was commanded by Lieut-Colonel 
 Elphinston, and was about eight hundred strong. 
 
 After a favorable passage, the ships arrived at 
 Bombay in April, when the regiment immediately dis- 
 embarked and went into barracks, where it remained for 
 six iT'.onths. The Seventy-fifth and Seventy-seventh 
 regiments having, in this interval, arrived at Bombay 
 from England, the services of the Si/* enty-first 
 became no longer necessary at that Presidency, and 
 the regiment proceeded in October to J^Iadras, where 
 it arrived in December. 
 
 Five companies, under Lieut.-Coloael ElpaiuL'ton, 
 occupied the barracks in Fort St. George, and tl o other 
 five companies proceeded to Poonamallee. 
 
 Major-General the Honorable William Cordon was 1789. 
 appointed colonel of the Skventy-first regiment on 
 the 9th of April 1789, in succespion to Major-General 
 John Lord Macleod, deceased. 
 
 In the course of the ye^" 1789, the five companies at 
 Poonnma'^ee were removed to Tripassoor. 
 
 On the 16th of March 1790, the companies at Madi-a8l790. 
 and Tripae y i^r received ordr *^^o join a force which 
 
 3 
 
36 HISTORICAL RECORD OF THE SEVENTY-FIRST 
 
 I 
 ill 
 
 m 
 
 
 1790. was assembling at Wallajohabad, under the orders of 
 Colonel Thomas Musgrave, of the Seventy-sixth, in 
 consequence of the hostilities which Tippoo Saib had 
 commenced against the Rajah of Travancore, a faithful 
 British ally. The SEVENTy-riRST arrived at Walla- 
 johabad on the 18th of iH 'cl and joined the other 
 troops, consisting of the niii. eenth light dragoons, 
 fifty-second, and Seventy-first regiments, the 
 third and fourth native cavalry, the first battalion 
 of coast artilltry, and the second, fourth, ninth, four- 
 teenth, and tventy-fifth coast sepoys. 
 
 This foruo was put in movement on the 29tir4 of 
 March, and proceeded towards Trichinopoly, which 
 it did no+ reach until the 29th of April, and found 
 there ilic following corps, under the command of 
 Colonel Ptrydges t — two King's regiments, the thirty- 
 sixth and seventy-second ; the second and fifth native 
 cavalry i the first, fifth, sixth, seventh, sixteenth, 
 twciicieth, and tweiaty-third coast sepoys. At the same 
 time Colonel Peare, with three companies of Bengal 
 artillery, joined, the whole being under the orders of 
 Major-Genovnl Musgrave, to which rank he had been 
 promo*^d < 28th of April 1 790. 
 
 The av.iiy was immediately divided into brigades 
 and wingrt; Lieut.-Colonel Jamea Stuart, of the Seventy- 
 second Hitjhlanders, was appointed to command the left 
 wing, and Colonel Brydges, oi the East Indi i Com- 
 pany's service, the right; the Seventy-first and 
 seventy-second regiments, and first '^ast India Com- 
 pany's European battalion, formed the second European 
 brigade. Under Lieut.-Colonel Clarke, of the Company's 
 service. 
 
 The whole of the cavalry and the advance were com- 
 manded by Lieut.-Colonel, aftcrwar Is General Sir John 
 Floyd, of the nineteenth light dra<;>;( is, si nee disbanded. 
 
 On the 94th of May, Major- lonei il (afterwards 
 Sir William) Medows asaumed tho command, and re- 
 
REGIMENT, HIGHLAND LIGHT INFANTRY. 37 
 
 viewed the army, which on the 2' *^h of that month 1790. 
 was put in movement towards the C nubatore country. 
 
 The army reached Caroor, a fortified place, on the 
 15th of June, which the enemy abandoned on the 
 approach of the British, who remained in this position, 
 strengthening Caroor, and collecting grain, until the 
 2d of July, when they moved for Arrivacourchy, 
 arriving there on the 5th, and continuing their route 
 by Tooramboddy, arrived on the 10th of July at Dara- 
 poram. At this latter place Avas found a large supply 
 of grain and other necessaries, wliich had been left by 
 the enemy. 
 
 During the march to Coimbatore, where the British 
 arrived on the 22d of July, Tippoo's irregular horse 
 were very active in hovering around, for the purpose of 
 picking up stragglers and baggage. 
 
 The army halted at Coimbatore, and detachments 
 were sent off to reduce Dindigul, Errode, and Pal- 
 ghautcherry. The flank companies of the S event Y- 
 PIRST regiment, commanded by Captains Fhineas 
 M*=Intosh and James Robertson, were employed upon 
 the latter service. In August the whole of the cavalry 
 * nd the advance had been pushed lurward to the 
 Iscovany, near to the Gudzellietty Pass. Tippoo Saib, 
 profiting by the divided state of the British force, 
 descended with liis whole army, and after a very severe 
 conflict obliged Lieut.-Colonel Floyd to fall back. The 
 troops from Coimbatore had marched to his support, 
 and on the junction being effected, Tippoo retired. The 
 British relumed to Coimbatore on the 23d of Sep- 
 tember. 
 
 Upon the march of the main body, the flank com- 
 panies of the Seventy-first and Seventy-second were 
 withdrawn from the siege oi Palghautchcrry, and ordered 
 to take post in the fort of Coimbatore; and on the 
 return of the army they rejoined th'i regiment. 
 
 C 3 
 
38 BI8TORI0AL BECOBI> OF THE 8EYENTT-FIBST 
 
 ll 
 
 1790. The army was again put in motion on the 29th of 
 September, proceeding towards the Boovany by Shawoor 
 and Coopachitty-pollum, where the troops arrived a few 
 hours after Tippoo had left it. Some elephants, bullocks, 
 and camels loaded with rockets, fell into the hands of 
 the Dritlsh. 
 
 On the 4th of October the army arrived at Errode, 
 ' the enemy kee2)ing a respectful distance during the 
 march ; and on the 6th of that month it was ascertained 
 that he had arrived with his whole force at Darraporanti 
 against which he opened his batteries on the 8th. The 
 fort hod no cannon mounted, and the garrison, consisting 
 of a hundred Europeans and two hundred sepoys, capi- 
 tulated on honorable terms, to which the enemy strictly 
 adhered. 
 
 The British army moved on the 5th of October, and 
 on the 15th encamped in the neighbourhood of Coim- 
 batorc, where Lieut-Colonel Stuart joined from Pal- 
 ghautcherryt after having taken the place, and left it in 
 a tolerable state of defence. On the 20th of October, 
 all the heavy baggage having been deposited in the 
 fort of Coimbatore, the army recommenced moving, 
 directing its march towards Errode, by Avinochy and 
 Perentore, where it arrived on the 2d of November. 
 On the 8th the army proceeded in the direction of 
 Bovaneore, and thence to a ford about three miles 
 below Errode, the whole crossing the Cavery on the 9th 
 and 10th, while Tippoo marched with his entire force 
 to attack a divisionr under the orders of Lieut.-Colonel 
 Hamilton Maxwell, of the Seventy-fourth Regiment, 
 then in the Bharamahl country. On the 11th of 
 November the army moved by Sankerrydroog for the 
 Tappoor Pass, and ascended on the 14th, encamping at 
 Adamancottah, in the Bharamahl country ; marched 
 again on the 15th, and on the 17th effected a junction 
 with Lieut.-Colonel Maxwell at Darrampoury. This 
 
BEGIMENT, HIGHLAND LIGHT INFANTBT. 39 '- 
 
 officer had under his orders the Seventy-fourth and 17 90. 
 Seventy-sixth King's regiments, the fourth battalion of 
 Madras Europeans, the third, seventh, thirteenth, four- 
 teenth, twenty-first, twenty-sixth, and twenty-seventh 
 Bengal sepoys. '^^^ '^'^ n i ; - * 
 
 The Seventy-fourth joined the Seventy-first and 
 Seventy-second Kegiments in the second brigade ; and 
 Lieut. -Colonel Maxwell assumed the command of the 
 left wing in the place of Colonel Brydges, who was 
 appointed to command at Trichinopoly. 
 
 On the 18th of November the army moved by Coveri- 
 porum to the Tappoor Pass, when the advance fell in 
 with the rear of Tippoo's force, but could make no 
 impression. . , . - 
 
 It was now ascertained that the enemy, whose move- 
 ments were always sudden, varied, and perplexing, was 
 directing his course to the Camatic by Namacul and 
 Trichinopoly. The British in consequence pursued 
 by Malusundrum, arriving on the 23d at Vavoor ; the 
 27tli at Jaloor; on the 6th of December at Munsa- 
 rapett; and at Terany on the Slst of December. '* ''--^ 
 
 On the Ist of January 1791 the army arrived at 1791. 
 Terrimungulum, and on the 12th at Amee. 
 
 Diu^ng this long and fatiguing march, the Anglo- 
 Indian troops frequently encamped upon the ground 
 from which the enemy had removed in the morning, 
 but the efforts made to overtake hun were not suc- 
 cessful. The sick and heavy guns having been placed 
 in the fort of Amee, on the 14th of January the advance 
 and right wing marched for Velhout, where they arrived 
 on the 27th, followed by the left wing. 
 
 On the 29th of January the army was reviewed by 
 General Charles the Earl Cornwallis, K.G., who had 
 arrived from Bengal to assume the command, and who 
 expressed great satisfaction at the appearance of the 
 troops. His lordship was at this period Governor- 
 General and Commander-in-Chief in the East Indies, 
 
 C 4 
 
m 
 
 
 
 
 <k\y 
 
 40 HISTORICAL RECORD OF THE SEVENTY-FIRST 
 
 1791. and had quitted Bengal on the 6th of December of the 
 previous year, and landed at Fort St. George, Madras, 
 on the 30th of the same month. 
 
 In the course of the foregoing campaign the Seventy- 
 first Regiment lost few men in action, but many fell 
 victims to climate and fatigue. 
 
 The anny, being refreshed and equipped, commenced 
 moving in a westei'ly direction on the 5th of February, 
 by Perambaukum and Sholingur, arriving on the 1 1th in 
 the vicinity of Vellore. The troops were ordered into 
 the fort, and on the 14th they marched to Chittipst, 
 turning suddenly to the right by Chittoor towards the 
 Muglee Pass, where they arrived on the 17 th of Fe- 
 bruary. On the 18th the advance, followed by the park 
 and stores, ascended the ghauts, the whole army en- 
 camping on the day following at Palamnaire, in the 
 Mysore country, without having seen anything of the 
 enemy. 
 
 During the time the British army remained at 
 Velhout,Tippoo pushed to the southward, and summoned 
 Cuddalore, but upon learning in what direction Earl 
 Cornwallls had moved, tlie Sultan hastened to the 
 Shangana Pass, wlverc he arrived too late to oppose 
 the troops at the Mugice Pass. On the 24th, the 
 British marched for Colar, which was abandoned on 
 their approach ; from thence the army moved to 
 Oui?cottii, whicii uhicc was immediately carried by a 
 battalion of sepoys. 
 
 The enemy displayed a part of his force on the 4th 
 of March, and on tlifc following day oi)cned a cannonade 
 upon the troops moving towards Bangalore, whilst his 
 horse attempted to attack the stores and baggage, but 
 without success. About sunset on the 5th of March, 
 the army encamped witiiin shot of tlie fort of Banga- 
 lore, and shifted its groimd on the day following. The 
 pettah (tlic suburbs of the town) was then attacked by 
 the thirty-sixth and seventy-sixth rcgiuicnts, with some 
 
REGIMENT, HIGHLAND LIGHT INFANTRY. 41 
 
 battalions of sepoys, and carried, after a very resolute 1791. 
 resistance on the part of the defenders. 
 
 From this period to the 14th of March, nothing mate- 
 rial occurred, but every preparation for the approaching 
 siege was carried on with diligence and activity. On 
 the 15th, the batteries being copipleted, opened a fire 
 upon Bangalore ; and on the 17th the lines were can- 
 nonaded by the enemy, while at night the camp was 
 much disturbed by his rockets. 
 
 Forage became very scarce, and none could be pro- 
 cured beyond the advanced piquets. The siege, how- 
 ever, proceeded, and the enemy continued to harass the 
 British until the 2l8t March, when the breach being 
 considered practicable, an attack was ordered. 
 
 The storming party consisted of the grenadiers of the 
 thirty-sixth, fifty-second, Seventy-first, seventy- 
 second, seventy-fourth, and seventy-sixth regiments, 
 followed by their respective light companies, and led by 
 Lieutenant James Duncan of tlie Seventy-first, and 
 Lieutenant John Evans of the fifty-second, with a 
 forlorn hope of thirty chosen men ; the whole sup- 
 ported by the battalion companies of the thirty-sixth, 
 seventy -second, and seventy-sixth, with some battalions 
 of Bengal sepoys. The coi-ps of attack were com- 
 manded by Lieut.-Colonel Maxwell of chc seventy- 
 fourth ; the flankers immediately by Major Skelly ; 
 Major-General Medows was present on the occasion. 
 
 The grenadier company of the Seventy-first was 
 commanded by Captain the Honorable John Lindsay, 
 who, upon entering the breach, directed his men to 
 throw away their priming, and trust entirely to their 
 bayonets. The light company was commanded by Cap- 
 tain James Robertson, son of the celebrated hit»torian. 
 
 Witii the aid of scaling ladders, and after encoun- 
 tering very fonnidable obstacles, IJangalore was carried. 
 From the 6th of March to the conquest of Bangalore, 
 
^if. 
 
 ill; 
 
 III 
 
 42 HISTOBICAL BECOBD OP THE SEVENTY-FIRST 
 
 17&l.the Seyenty-fibst had six privates killed, and fourteen 
 wounded. 
 
 On the 28th of March, a strong garrison being left 
 in Bangalore, the army moved to DeonhuUy, the birth- 
 place of Hyder Ali, where it arrived on the 30th, and 
 on the Ist of April at Chinnaballaporam, both of which 
 places were abandoned by the enemy. The army reached 
 Connapelly on the 12th of April, and on the following 
 day effected a junction with the Nizam's force, which 
 had been sent to co-operate with the British, and which 
 amounted to about fifteen thousand cavalry. 
 
 The army arrived at Venkatagherry, on the 18th of 
 April, where a largo detachment of EuropeanSj^ under 
 Colonel Oldham, joined from the Camatic, and on the 
 22d of April again encamped near Bangalore. During 
 this march, the object of which was chiefly to procure 
 eupj)lies, the enemy's irregular horse were now and then 
 seen in small detached bodies. 
 
 The British commenced their march on the 4th of 
 May towards Seringapatam, the capital of Tippoo Saib's 
 territorv, and on the 13th of that month arrived at 
 Arakerry, on the Cavery, about eight miles below 
 Seringapatam, which derived its name from the god 
 Sernng, to whom one of the pagodas was dedicated. 
 The enemy was discernible in front, with his right 
 resting on the river, and his left on a high hill named 
 the Carighaut. 
 
 During the night of the 14th of May the troops 
 marched with a view to niurprise the enemy, but owing 
 to the badness of the weather and roads, together 
 Avith the jadod state of the gun-bullocks, little or 
 no progress was made during the night ; but on the 
 following day, after having undergone great fatigue, 
 they wore brought into action, when the enemy was 
 driven from his strong position, and fonsed across the 
 river into the island upon which the capital, Scring- 
 
REGIMENT, HIGHLAND LIGHT INPANTRT. 43 
 
 apatam, is situated, where he was protected by his 1791. 
 batteries. ■'■ ■ ' ■ "••■ • ''•^'■'-' i"^" ' "■•• ■ ■■'•"••' 
 
 In this affair four guns and several standards were 
 taken. The Seventy-first had Lieutenant and 
 Adjutant Roderick Mackenzie and seven rank and 
 file killed ; Ensign John Stuart and seventy-four rank 
 and file were wounded. 
 
 The army rested upon the field of battle, and was 
 again in movement on the 18th of May, and arrived 
 on the 20th at Canambaddy, situated on the Cavery, 
 some miles above Seringapatam. It was now ascer- 
 tained that the season was too far advanced for under- 
 taking immediately the siege of Tippoo's capital, and it 
 was determined accordingly to withdraw. The batter- 
 ing train was deftroyed ; all the ammunition and stores 
 were buried, which could not be removed, and on the 
 26th of May the army marched in the direction of 
 Bangalore. 
 
 Before commencing their retreat, the soldiers were 
 thanked in orders for their conduct throughout these 
 services ; and it was added : — " So long as there were 
 " any hopes of reducing Seringapatam before the com- 
 " mencement of the heavy rains, the Commander- in- 
 " chief thought himself happy in availing himself of 
 " their willing services ; l>ut the unexpected bad 
 " weather, for some time experienced, lia ving n . JereVl 
 " the attack '»f the enemy's capital impructicrvbh , until 
 " the conclusion of the ensuing monpoon.-'. Lord Corn- 
 " wallirt thought he should make an ill return for the 
 
 zeal and alacrity exhibited by the soldiers, if he 
 " desired thcn> <^o draw the guns and stores back to a 
 " magazine, whcro there remains an ample suj)ply of 
 " both, which w-s captured by their valour ; he did not, 
 '* therefore, li^.-*iuite to order the guns and stores which 
 " were not waui^d for field service +0 be destroyed." 
 
 In the course of this retreat the British were joined 
 by the Mahrattn army, under Hurry Punt and Purscraai 
 
 (( 
 
44 HISTORICAL EECORB OF THE SEVENTY-FIRST 
 
 i 
 
 f 
 
 I'" ' 
 
 1791.Bhow, cotip.isting of about thirty-two thousand men, 
 chiefly cavaary, and thirty pieces of cannon. Of the 
 approach of this large force, the British had been Icept 
 in total ignorance, by the active manner in which the 
 commuiiications were interrupted by Tippoo's irregular 
 troops. Captain Little, having under his orders two 
 battalions of Bombay sepoys, joined with the Mahratta 
 army, and the supplies were now abundant. 
 
 On the 11th of July, after marching by Alcotta, 
 Goodyanelly, Outredroog, and Sankerry-droog, the 
 army arrived at Br" • ' ^re. 
 
 The enem} .:Cv. uo ^itempt whatever to interrupt 
 the march. By this time the Nizam's cavalry had 
 b»icome unfit to keep the field, and were allowed to 
 return to their own country. Purseram Bhow also, 
 with a large detachment of the Malu-attas-^ proceeded 
 into the Sera country; but Hurry Punt, with the 
 remainder, continued attached to the British army. 
 On the 15th of July the whole of the sick, and one half 
 of the tumbrils belonging to the field-pieces, were sent 
 into the fort of Bangalore, and the army moved towards 
 Oussoor, where it arrived on the llth of the following 
 month. 
 
 The fort of Oussoor was abandoned by the enemy, 
 after lie had olown up the angles. In this place 
 were found the bodies of three Europeans who had 
 been i)ut to death by Tippoo's orders. One of these 
 unfortunate persons, named Hamilton, had been an 
 officer in the British navy. 
 
 On the 12th of August the army moved from 
 Oussoor, and on the 23d arrived at Bayeur. About 
 this period Major (iowdie, of the Honorable E«at India 
 Comi)any's Service, was detached with some troops 
 for the reduction of the strong hill fort of Nundf/- 
 drooff, which it was foiuid required regular npproachea. 
 
 The flank companies of the thirty-sixth and Si> 
 V£N1Y-FIU9T reghuents, under thij command of Cuptaiu 
 
REGIMENT, HIGHLAND LIGHT INFANTRY. 45 
 
 Robertson, of the latter corpa, marched on the 17th of 1791. 
 October to join the detachment under Major Gowdie, 
 and, upon their arrival, were immediately placed in the 
 last parallel. 
 
 On the 18 th of October, General the Earl Cornwallis, 
 with the whole army, made a movement towards Nundy- 
 droog, and in the evening of that day the troops were 
 told off for an assault ujion the two breaches, \*hich 
 had been pronounced practicable. The attacks com- 
 menced at eleven o'clock at night, the grenadiers 
 assaulting the right breach, and the light rompanies 
 the left. The forlorn hope of the right attack con- 
 sisted of twenty grenadiers, volunteers from the thirty- 
 sixth and Seventy-first, led by Lieutenant Hugh 
 Mackenzie of the Seventy-first, formerly paymafeter 
 of the regiment. The same number of light infantry, 
 headed by Lieutenant Lewis Moore, of the Seventy- 
 first, formed the left attack. The grenadier com- 
 pany of the regiment, in support, was commanded by 
 Lieutenant James Duncan ; the light company, by 
 Lieutenant Kenneth Mackenzie ; the whole under 
 Captain Robertson's orders, as before stated. 
 
 Captain Robert Burne supporter, with the thirty- 
 sixth grenadiers, the right attack, and Captiin William 
 Hartley, with the light company of that regiment, the 
 left attack ; Major-General Medinvs, as usual, anhnat- 
 ing the whole with his presence. 
 
 Both breaches were carried without much resistance 
 fro)n the enemy, and the gateway of the in'ior wall 
 being «oon secured the fort fell into the possession of 
 the British. Many of the enemy were killiMl, and 
 several, in attempting to escape, were dashed to pieces 
 ovei he precipices. It was an additional source of 
 gratification, that this important service hud been 
 achieved without the loss t)f a Britisli soldier. 
 
 In a few days subsequently to the fall of Nundy- 
 droog, the army retraced it.^ route to Bangalore. 
 

 46 HISTORICAL BECOBD OP THE SEVENTY-PIEST 
 
 |-f 
 
 11' .< « 
 1» . 
 
 I'iii 
 
 -I 
 
 1791. On the 4th of December the troops were again put 
 in movement, directing their march towards Saven- 
 droog, a fortress situated on the side of a mountain, 
 environed by almost inaccessible rocks. The fort being 
 reconnoitred, a detachment under Lieut.-Colonel Jamas 
 Stuart, of the Seventy-second regiment, was selected, 
 and ordered to reduce the place. On the 17th the 
 British were enabled to open upon the fort a battery 
 of «ix eighteen-pounders and three twelve-pounders, 
 with considerable effect. 
 
 The (lank companies of the Seventy-first and 
 K<vv<;iity-8ixth regiments joined the detachment under 
 Lieut.-Colonel Stuart on the 20th of December, and on 
 ♦he following day the flank companies of the fifty- 
 sftcond, Seventy-fibst, seventy-second, and seventy- 
 ^ixth, were selected for the attack upon Savendroog (in 
 '' ' "ch a practicable breach had been effected), and 
 ibnncd under Lieut.-Colonel Colebrook Nesbitt, o:' the 
 fifty'flocond regiment. 
 
 The storming party, conunanded by Lieut.-Colonel 
 NcRbitt, was directed to four different attacks. Captain 
 Jttuitirt (iagc, with the grenadiers of the fifty-second 
 and flank companies of the seventy-sixth regiment, to 
 gain the eastern hill to the left ; Captain the Honorable 
 William Monson, with the light company of the fifty- 
 Hccond, to scour the works towards the western hill on 
 tlic right ; Captain the Honorable John Lindsay and 
 Captain James Robertson, with the flank companies 
 of the Seventy-first, to separate, and attack the 
 works or parties they might discover in the cliasm or 
 hollow b(!twecn the hills ; the fifty-second and seventy- 
 second regiments were to follow the flar k companies ; 
 parties were detached under Lieut.-Colonel Baii-d and 
 Major l*(!trie round the mountain, to draw the attention 
 of till! enemy from the main object, and to endeavour 
 to prevent his cscnpc. 
 
 At eleven o'clock in the morning of the 2 let of 
 
 I 
 
 
REGIMENT, HIGHLAND LIGHT INFANTRT. 47 
 
 
 Decea\ber, on a signal of two guns being fired from the 1791. 
 batteries, the flank companies, in the order described, 
 followed by tiiv«- fifty-second and seventy-second regi- 
 ments, advanced to the assault; the band of the 
 fifty-second playing " Britons, strike home /" while the 
 grenadiers and light infantry mounted the breach. 
 
 Immediate success followed the attempt, the fort 
 being carried without the loss of a man. The troops 
 were thanked in general orders for their gallant con- 
 duct, in which it was stated, — 
 
 " Lord Comwallis thinks himself fortunate, almost 
 " beyond example, in having acquired by assault a 
 ** fortress of so much strength and reputation, and of 
 " such inestimable value to the public interest, as 
 " Savendroog,"* without having to regret the loss of a 
 ** single soldier." 
 
 In the course of a short time afterwards, the follow- 
 ing places surrendered, with trifling loss, to detachments 
 of the British army ; namely, Outredroog, Ram Gurry, 
 and Sheria Gurry. 
 
 The army subsequently moved towards Outredroog, 
 a hill fort about thirty miles west of Bangalore, where 
 a general hospital was established. 
 
 On the 31 St of January 1792 the ai-my under 17 92. 
 General the Earl Cornwallis was reviewed by the 
 Poonah and Hyderabad chiefs, and on the following 
 day commenced its march towards Seringapatam, passing 
 by Hooleadroog, Tajilly, and Carrycode. The troops 
 came in sight of Tippoo's capital on the 5th of February, 
 and encamped at the French Kocks. The enemy's 
 horse showed itself on the 4th and 5th, but attempted 
 nothing hostile. 
 
 The entrenched camp of Tippoo waa reconnoitred ou 
 the 6th of February, and at dark the army was formed 
 in three columns of attack. The right, under Major 
 General Mcdows, consisting of the thirty-sixth and 
 
 * Droog signifies a fortified hill or rock. 
 
48 HISTOBICAL RECORD OF THE SEVENTY-FIRST 
 
 
 III i 
 
 1792. seventy-sixth King's regiments. The centre, under 
 the Commander-in-chief, General the Earl Comwallis, 
 consisting of the fifty-second, Seventy-first, and 
 seventy-fourth King's regiments. The left, under 
 Lieut. -Colonel Maxwell of the seventy-fourth, was 
 composed of the seventy-second regiment. The native 
 troops were divided among the three columns. 
 
 By eight o'clock in the evening of the 6th of Februarj'- 
 the three columns were in motion The head of the 
 centre column, led by the flank companies of the respec- 
 tive corps, after twice crossing the Lokany river, which 
 covered the enemy's right wing and front, came in con- 
 tact with his first line, and immediately forced through 
 it. The British flankers, mixing with the fugitives, 
 crossed the north branch of the Cavery, at the foot 
 of the (fhicis of the fort of Serinf/apatam. Captain the 
 Honorable John Lindsay collected the grenadiers of the 
 Seventy-first upon the ^fom, and attempted to push 
 into the body of the place, but was prevented by the 
 bridge being raised a few moments before he reached 
 it. He was soon after joined by some of the light 
 company of the fifty-second and grenadiers of the 
 seventy-sixth, with whom he forced his way down to 
 the famous Llnl Baugli, or " Garden of Pearls,^^ where 
 he was attacked most furiously, but the enemy was 
 repelled in a very spirited style with the bayonet. 
 
 Captain Lindsay was afterwards joined by the 
 seventy-fourth grenadiers, and attempted to drive the 
 enemy from the Pcttah, but could not succeed, from 
 the numbers which poured on him from all sides. This 
 gallant officer thpn took post in a redoubt, where he 
 maintained himself imtil niorning, and then moved to 
 the north bank of the river, where the firing appeared 
 very heavy. He was there met by Brevet Lieutenant- 
 Colonel the Honorable John Knox, of the thirty-sixth 
 regiment, and by Lieut.-Colonel Baird, with the 
 grenadiers of the fifty-second, and tlie light company 
 
REGIMENT, HIGHLAND LIGHT INFANTRY. 49 
 
 of the Seventy-first, together witH hoipe of the 1792. 
 troops that composed the left attack. 
 
 During these occurrences the battalion companies of 
 the fifty-second, Sevevty-first, and seventy-second 
 regiments forced their way across the ri', er to the 
 island, overpowering ah hat opposed them, when 
 Captain Archdeaf'on, commaiAaIng a battalion of Bengal 
 Sepoys, being killed, that battalion was thrown into 
 confusion, falUng back upon the Seventy-first. 
 Major Stair Park Dalrymple, wishing to prevent the 
 Sepoys intermingling with his men, vordercl. the regi- 
 ment to oblique to the left, an operation that by chance 
 brought him in contact with the Sultan's redoubt, 
 which was instnntly attacked and carrl d. The charge 
 of the reili ubt was given to Captain Hugh Sibbald, 
 of the Se\ r.NTY-FiRST, with his company, who on the 
 following morning Avas killed, nobly defending it against 
 repeated aud desperate attacks from the enemy. The 
 commander-in-chief. General the Earl Cornwallis, in 
 compliment to the memory of this officer, had the name 
 of the redoubt changed to " Sibbald." 
 
 In the evening of the 7 th of February tlir<^e thousand 
 of the enemy's horse attacked the British troops on the 
 island, but were repulsed by the Seventy-first 
 regiment and the first Coast Sepoys. T^. the course 
 of these operations the regiment had CjV">;ain Sibbald 
 and Lieutenant Daniel Bayne killed ; Ensign Duncan 
 Mackenzie was wounded ; about one hundred rank and 
 file were killed and wounded. 
 
 The enemy's loss was very severe, being estimated 
 at 20,000 Iiors-de-comhat, Eighty pieces 4 <jannori were 
 taken by the British. 
 
 On the 9th of February the army "took up its final 
 position for the siege of Senn<jnpatain, and on the 
 15th Major-General Robert Abercromby ioinod with 
 the Bombay force, consisting of the seven iy-third. 
 
50 HISTORICAL BECOBD OF THE SEVENTY-FIBST 
 
 i ;?:*■■ 
 
 
 mi 
 
 1792. seventy-fifth, and seventy-seventh regiments, besides 
 native troops, making a total of about 6,000 men. 
 
 The Seventy-fiest i egiment, commanded by Major 
 Dalrymple, crossed the south branch of the Cavery at 
 nine o'clock at night on the 18 th of February, and in 
 two hours after attacked by surprise a camp of the 
 enemy's cavalry, of whom great part were slain, and 
 the remainder dispersed in all directions. This move- 
 ment was designed to cover the operation of opening 
 the trenches, which took place at the same time, within 
 eight hundred yards of the fort. 
 
 Until the 24th of February the approaches were 
 carried on with the greatest activity, when the general 
 orders announced that the preliminary articles of peace 
 had been signed, and in consequence all hostile measures 
 immediately ceased. 
 
 On the 26 th of February the two sons of Tippoo 
 Saib, Abdel Kalek and Mooza-ud-Deen, the former ten 
 years of age, and the latter eight, were brought to the 
 British camp, as hostages for the due performance of the 
 preliminary artick ?,* 
 
 In consequence^ of some obstacles which had been 
 opposed by Tsj^ikx t<i the arrangement of the definitive 
 treaty, working paiues were ordered, and the guns re- 
 placed in the batteries on the 10th March. This state 
 of suspicion and preparation lasted until the 15th of 
 March, when it was discontinued, and on the 18th of 
 that month, the definitive treaty being duly executed, 
 
 "* In 1 794 Tippoo received back his sons, and immediately commenced 
 secret negotiations with the French, who were then at war with Great 
 Britain, in order to renew measures for " utterly destroying the English 
 in India." This animosity ended only with the death of the Sultan, which 
 took place on the 4th of May 1799, while defending Seringapatam against 
 his former opponents. His body was found amidst heaps of slain, and 
 wns interred in the mausolcun which he hou erected over the tomb of 
 his father, Hyder Ali, a portion of the victorious troops attending the 
 ocr*monv. 
 
>ri. 
 
 
 ^i%&ifi«. 
 
 
 I s 
 
 ::-^€" 
 
 4 
 
 
 r'-i- 
 
 v-' 
 
 ' >' ■■•---^ii.'r'^ ■='*' 
 
 :>% 
 
 *v 
 
 0^^*^' 
 

 
 IMAGE EVALUATION 
 TEST TARGET (MT-3) 
 
 // 
 
 </ 
 
 O >*'> 
 
 
 1.0 
 
 1.1 
 
 1^121 125 
 £f |i° 12.0 
 
 u 
 
 IL25 III 1.4 
 
 mil 
 
 ik 
 
 1.6 
 
 Photographic 
 
 Sciences 
 
 Corporation 
 
 33 WIST MAIN STRUT 
 WIISTH.N.V. MSM 
 
 (7U)I73-4S03 
 
 > 
 
4> 
 
 4^ 
 
\ ,' 
 
 t BEGIMBNT, niOHLAin) LIGflT IKPAiraBT. ^1 
 
 «nd signed, was deliyered by the young Abdel Kalekl792. 
 
 < to each of the confederates. On the 20th the counter- 
 
 * part was Bent off to Tippoo Saib. 
 
 ^ Thus tenninated a war in which the confedei'ates 
 wrested from the enemy seventy fortresses, eight 
 
 '' hundred pieces of cannon, and destroyed or dispersed at 
 
 ••least fiflty thousand men. By the articles of the treaty, 
 Tippoo was bound to pay a large sum of money, and to 
 -cede one half of his dominions. 
 
 The Governor-General and Commander-in-Chief in 
 
 ^ India granted from this money a sum equal to six 
 months' batta for all ranks, add the Court of Directors 
 afterwards made a similar grant. . i»v ^ 
 
 ^^- On the 26th of March, the exchange of the defiiiitive ^^^ 
 
 ' treaty being completed, the British commenced moving 
 ■towards Bangalore, fVom whence they proceeded to the 
 
 ' Pednaigdurgum Pass, whore the Bengal troops were 
 ordered to their own presidency. 
 
 Early in May the army descended the Ghauts, 
 arriving soon after at Vellore, where the Commander-in- 
 Chief arranged the cantonments of the troops, and 
 proceeded to Madras. The Seventt-Hrbt received 
 orders to march to the southward, and in the month of 
 June arrived at Warriore, near Trichinopoly, under the 
 command of Lieut.-Colonel Baird, who during the 
 campaign had been absent from the rerlirent in com- 
 mand of a brigade. Eight companies were stationed 
 at Warriore, and two were detached with Major 
 Dalrymple to Dindigul. In this situation the regiment 
 continued for the remainder of the year. •»> «»Ht 
 
 - In March 1703, the eight companies under the com-1793. 
 mand of Lieut.-Colonel Baird proceeded from Warriore 
 to Secundermally, in the neighbourhood of Madura. 
 Meanwhile the events of the French revolution had 
 involved England in another contest, the National Con- 
 vention of France having declared war against Great 
 Britain and Holland, iu February 1793. The news of 
 

 I 'I 
 
 ' 52 HISTORICAL BECOBD OP THE SEVENTY-FIRST 
 
 17 93. this event arrived in India in May following, when the 
 siege of the French settlement of Pondicherry, on the 
 Coromandel coast, was determined upon. Lieut.- 
 Colonel Baird, of the Seventy-first, was appointed 
 to command a brigade on this service. < 
 
 In July the flank companies of the regiment were 
 ordered to join the force about to besiege Pondicherryf 
 and marched for that purpose, being followed soon 
 afterwards by the battalion companies. The place sur- 
 rendered on the 2 2d of August, and the Seventy- 
 first returned to Secundermally and Dindigul, where 
 the regiment continued during the remainder of the 
 year. 
 
 1794. An attack upon the Mauritius was in contemplation 
 at the commencement of the year 1794, and troops for 
 that service were assembled at Wallajohabad. The 
 Seventy-first, having received orders to join this 
 force, marched to Wallajohabad, where the regiment 
 remained only a short time, having been ordered to 
 return to the southward, in consequence of the pro- 
 jected expedition being relinquished. 
 
 The regiment marched accordingly, and arrived at 
 Tanjore in June, where it was stai i for the re- 
 mainder of the year, having two coiu^,..nies detached, 
 under Major Dalrymple, at Vellum. 
 
 1795. Holland became united to France in the early part of 
 1795, and was styled the Latavian republic. Upon the 
 arrival of this information in India, an expedition was 
 fitted out against the island of Ceylon, where the Dutch 
 had several settlements. Major Dalrymple, with the flank 
 companies, marched to the coast, and embarked at 
 Ncgapatam, for the purpose of co-operating with the 
 troops destined for Ceylon, under the command of 
 Colonel James Stuart, of the seventy-second, who was 
 promoted to the rank of Major-General at this period. 
 The fleet arrived on the coast of Ceylon on the 1st of 
 August, and two days afterwards the troops landed four 
 
BEGIMENT, HIGHLAND LIGHT INFANTRY. 53 
 
 miles north of the fort of Trincomalee . The siege of 1795. 
 the fort was commenced as soon as the artillery and 
 stores could be landed, and removed sufficiently near to 
 the place. On the 26th of August a practicable breach 
 was effected, and the garrison surrendered. The fort of 
 Batticahe surrendered on the 18 th of September, and 
 the fort and island of Manaar capitulated on the 5th of 
 October. After these services were performed, the flank 
 companies returned to Tanjore in the month of Octo- 
 ber, having lost eleven men in killed and wounded. 
 Captain William Charles Gorrie, of the grenadier com- 
 pany, was desperately wounded in this expedition. 
 
 In May 1796, the regiment marched to Wallajo-1796. 
 habad, where it was stationed during the remainder of 
 the year. 
 
 On the 2d of January 1797, the regiment was in- 17 97. 
 spected by Major-General Clarke, who issued the 
 following general order: — 
 
 " Major-General Clarke has experienced infinite sa- 
 ** tisfaction, this morning, at the review of His Majesty's 
 " SEVENTY-riRST regiment. 
 
 " He cannot say that on any occasion of field 
 " exercise he ever was present at a more perfect 
 " performance. 
 
 " When a corps is so striking in appearance, and so 
 " complete in every branch of its discipline, little can 
 " occur to the Commander-in-chief to particularize. 
 " He cannot but notice, however, that the Seventy- 
 " first regiment has excited his admiration for its 
 " expertne»s in those parts of its exercise which aro 
 " most essential, and most difficult to execute. He 
 " alludes to its order and regularity when moving in 
 " line ; its extreme accuracy in preserving distances, 
 " and the neatness and promptitude that are so evident 
 " in all its formations. So much perfection in a corps, 
 " whose services in India will long be held in rcmem- 
 
 d3 
 
54 i* HISTOBIOAL BECOBD OF THE SEVENTT-FIEST 
 
 1797."brance does the greatest honor to Lieut-Colonel 
 '^ Baird and all his officers, to whom, and the corps at 
 **'large,the Commander-in-chief desires to offer his best 
 "thanks." wy^mn ' ^y^---'-ir "m. ifh5^ .v*?i y»' ? • m 
 
 The raiment remained in the cantonment of Walla- 
 johabad until the month of October, when orders were 
 issued for its return to Europe, It was accordingly 
 drafted, giving five hundred men to the seventy-third 
 and seventy-fourth regiments, and then marched from 
 Wallajohabad, under the command of Colonel Baird, 
 with the non-commissioned officers, drummers, and 
 invalids, to Madras, and immediately embarked on 
 board of Indiamen for Great Britain. The fleet sailed 
 from Madras Roads on the 17th of October, and was 
 at sea during the remainder of the year.* 
 
 1798. Early in January 1798, the fleet arrived at the Cape 
 of Good Hope, where the commanding officer of the 
 regiment. Colonel Baird, was detained upon the staff, 
 having been appointed brigadier-general. After re- 
 maining a few days in Table Bay, the fleet sailed, and 
 reached St. Helena in February, where it was detained 
 three months waiting for a convoy. * 
 
 The fleet sailed on the 1st of May from St. Helena, 
 without a convoy, and in July, in consequence of 
 contrary winds, was compelled to put into Cork Har- 
 bour. It sailed from thence for the Thames, and on 
 the I2th of August the regiment disembarked at Wool- 
 wich, where it remained for a few days, and then re- 
 embarked in smacks for Leith. After landing, the 
 regiment proceeded to Stirling. As a mark of indul- 
 gence, a general leave for two months was granted to 
 
 • On the S3d of May 1831, His Majesty King George the Fourth wu 
 graciously pleased to authorise the Skvekty-first to bear on the regi- 
 mental colour and appointments the word " Hindoostax," in commemo- 
 ration of its distinguished services in the several actions in which it had 
 been engaged, while in India, between the years 1780 and 1797. 
 
 ■a .1 
 
"i RBOmSNT, HIGHLAND LIGHT IVFAV^^^. 55 
 
 the officers and men of the Seventt-fibst, to enable 1798;^ 
 them to visit their friends and famiUes, after a long 
 absence from their native country. At the expiration of 
 this period, the whole assembled at Stirling, with the 
 addition of several recruits. Immediately afterwards, 
 the whole of the officers and non-commissioned officers, 
 with the exception of the staif, and a few at head- •'*'4 
 quarters, were sent out to recruit the regiment. ^ 
 
 During the year 1799, the head-quarters remained 1799. 
 at Stirling, and the recruiting went on but slowly. *'i 
 - In May 1800, the strength of the regiment amountedlSOO. 
 to about two hundred rank and file, when a route 
 arrived changing the quarters to Paisley, but soon 
 after the march an order arrived for its proceeding to 
 Ireland. In June the regiment reached Portpatrick, 
 and crossed immediately to Donaghadee, from whence it 
 marched, under the command of Colonel Dalrymple, to 
 Newry, and in a few days afterwards was removed -^ 
 to Dundalk. ■:•'' i'^..';.--iA&i,U'J .rl'.^vi,.^ .... i- vi.r-v....o -.li- 
 
 In July the regiment received six hundred volim- 
 teers from the Scotch Fencible corps serving in 
 Ireland, and remained at Dundalk until the close of 
 the year, when a route for Dublin was received. 
 At this period, Colonel Dalrymple was appointed 
 brigadier-general, and the command of the regiment 
 devolved on Brevet Lieut.-Colonel John French. 
 
 On the 6th of December Major Denis Pack was pro- 
 moted from the fourth Boyal Irish dragoon guards to 
 be Lieutenant-Colonel in the Seventy-first regiment, 
 in succession to Lieut.-Coloncl the Honorable John 
 Lindsay, who retired from the service. 
 
 The regiment, early in the year 1801, marched from 1801. 
 Dundalk to Dublin, and occupied the barracks in the 
 Palatine Square. On the 24th of April, Lieut.- 
 Colonel Pack joined, and assumed the command of the 
 regiment. • 
 
 d4 
 
I 
 i 
 
 56 HISTORICAL RECORD OP THE SEVENTT-FIE8T 
 
 1802. In March 1802, in which month the Peace of 
 Amiens was concluded, the regiment proceeded from 
 Dublin, and was cantoned in the county of Wicklow. 
 The corps was so divided, that at Arklow, the head* 
 quarters, there were only two companies. In this 
 situation it continued for the remainder of the year. 
 
 1803. The regiment proceeded, in March 1803, in three 
 divisions, to Ballinasloe, where it remained for a few » 
 days, and afterwards marched to Loughrea. <" 
 
 Major-General Sir John Francis Cradock, K.B., was 
 appointed colonel of the Seventy-firbt regiment on 
 the 6th of August 1803, in succession to General the 
 Honorable William Gordon, who was removed to the 
 twenty-first Royal North British Fusiliers. 
 
 The regiment continued at Loughrea, but the light 
 company was detached to Limerick, to join a light 
 battalion which was being formed at that place. 
 
 1804. In May the regiment proceeded from Loughrea to 
 the county of Limerick, the head-quarters being sta- 
 tioned at Bathkeale; one detachment at Newcastle, 
 another at Tarbert, and a third at Askeaton. 
 
 While the regiment was stationed in Ireland, war 
 had recommenced with France, and Bonaparte having 
 made preparations for invading Great Britain, additional 
 measures of defence to those of the former year were 
 adopted by the Government;* and under the "Additional 
 Force Act,** passed on the 10th of July 1804, a second 
 battalion was added to the Seventy-first regiment, 
 which was to consist of men to be raised for limited 
 
 * In consequence of the renewal of the -war with France, in May 
 1803, the British Government introduced the "Army of Reserve Act," 
 which was passed in July following, for raising men for home service by 
 ballot, and thus caused certain regiments to be augmented to two 
 battalions. Volunteer and yeomanry corps were also formed in every 
 part of the kingdom, in order to preserve Great Britain from the 
 threatened invasion. 
 
 n 
 
 ,ii«' I 
 
■■^- 
 
 -r REGIMENT, HIGHLAND LIGHT INFANTRY. 57 
 
 service in certain counties of North Britfun. The 1804 
 second battalion was formed at Dumbarton in October, ^^^t. 
 to the command of which Lieut.-Colonel Lord George 
 Beresford was appointed. Its establishment was fix6d 
 at 23 seijeants, 22 drummers, 20 corporals, and 380 
 privates. ' ' - ' 
 
 In March 1805 the first battalion, under the com- 1805. 
 mand of Lieut.-Colonel Pack, proceeded to Bandon inistbat. 
 the county of Cork, and was stationed at that place 
 until July, when it marched to Cork, and immediately 
 afterwards to Monkstown, where it embarked in trans- 
 ports, having been selected to form part of a secret 
 expedition under its former commander, Major-General 
 Sir David Baird. 
 
 In the beginning of August the embarkation was 
 completed, and on the 5th of that month the fleet 
 sailed, convoyed by three 64-gun ships, two frigat'3s and 
 gun-brigs, under the orders of Commodore Sir Home 
 Popham ; and on the 28th of September the fleet, after 
 a very boisterous passage, arrived at Madeira. 
 
 On the 3d of October the fleet left Madeira, and on 
 the 12th of November arrived at St. Salvador, in the 
 Brazils, where an opportunity was afforded of refreshing 
 the men, landing the sick, and procuring some horses 
 for the cavaliy. 
 
 The fleet again put to sea on the 28th oi November, 
 and directed its course towards the Dutch colony of the 
 Cape of Good Hope, then in possession of the Batavian 
 Government, which was united with France in hostility 
 to Great Britain. 
 
 The fleet arrived at the high table-land of the Cape 1806. 
 of Good Hope on the 4th of January 1806, and shortly 
 afterwards came to anchor. The whole of the following 
 day the surf upon the shore of the bay was too violent to 
 admit of any attempt to land. Brigadier-General William 
 Carr, afterwards General Viscount, Beresford, was de- 
 
itA 
 
 
 58 HISTOBICAI, BEOOBD OF THE SBTBNTT-FIBST 
 
 1^06.taohed, with such of the cavaby aa had hones, and the 
 i«tbat.thu*ty-eighth regiment, to Saldanha Bay»* 
 
 In the morning of the 6th of January a landing was 
 effected by the Highland brigade, under the command 
 of Brigadier-General Honald Craufurd Ferguson, in 
 the performance of which service Lieut. -Colonel Pack, 
 ,v the commanding officer of the Seventy-first re^ment, 
 was wounded. The following day was devoted to land- 
 ing the supplies and the remainder of the army. •> .iii 
 Early in the morning of the 8th of January Major- 
 General Sir David Baird formed his troops in two 
 columns, and moved up to the heights of Bleuherg 
 (Blue Mountain), from whence the enemy was seen, 
 drawn up in order of battle, in two lines, with twenty- 
 three pieces of cannon, his numbers being calculated at 
 5,000, of which a large proportion was cavalry. 
 
 The British lines were formed with promptitude and 
 correctness, and the enemy was attacked with the 
 utmost spirit. He maintained his ground with some 
 firmness, until a charge of the Highland brigade disr 
 lodged and completely routed him, with the loss of 
 three guns and 700 men. 
 
 * Number of men which arriyed at the Cape of Good Hope in January 
 
 1806, under Major General Sir David Baird. 
 
 
 
 
 Number landed, 
 
 BaiQADXt. 
 
 Beoimknts. 
 
 including 
 
 Recruits for 
 
 India, attached. 
 
 1st. Commanded by [ 
 
 Twenty-fourth 
 
 600 
 
 Brigadier-General • 
 
 Thirty-eighth 
 
 900 
 
 Beresford. 
 
 Eighty-third 
 
 800 
 
 2d. Under Briga- " 
 
 S^iVENTT FIRST, Ist battalion 
 
 800 
 
 dier General Fer-- 
 
 Serenty-second 
 
 600 
 
 guson. 
 
 Ninety-third ... 
 
 800 
 
 
 Fifty-ninth 
 
 900 
 
 
 Company's recruits 
 
 200 
 
 '.;...*■•,! 
 
 Seamen and marines 
 
 1,100 • 
 
 ' 1 ' . . ■ 
 
 Artillery - - - 
 
 200 
 
 - ' 
 
 Twentieth light dragoons - 
 Total • 
 
 300 
 
 
 7,200 
 
BBOIMEHT, HIOHIiAKD LIOHX< INFAITTBT. 50* 
 
 In tliig afi&ir the Setentt-fibst had Brevet Lieut.- 1806 
 Colonel Bobert Campbell wounded. Five men were 1st tet 
 killed, and two seijeants and sixty-four rank and file 
 were wounded. .i«f,;iteiii atava 
 
 The troops halted for the night at the Reit Valley, 
 and on the 9th of January the army moved towards the 
 Salt River, where it was intended to take up a position 
 previously to the attack of Cape Town, when a flag of 
 truce appeared from the town, which produced some 
 negotiations, that terminated in its surrender to His 
 Majesty's arms. Lieut.-General Janssens, the Governor 
 of the colony, after his defeat at Bleuberg on the 8th, 
 had retired towards the interior of the country by the 
 Hottentot Holland Kloof, or Pass, from whence, on 
 the 19th of January, he signed and ratified the treaty 
 that placed the whole of the Cape of Good Hope and 
 its dependencies in the possession of Great Britain, 
 under whose sway it has since continued. 
 
 The Royal authority was subsequently granted for the 
 Seventy-fikst to bear the words " Cape op Good 
 Hope " on the regimental colour and appointments, to 
 commemorate its distinguished gallantry at the capture 
 of that important colony.* *. - 
 
 * The lofty promontory of Southern Africa received the name of 
 " Cabo de bonne Esperanza" (Cape of Good Hope), from King John II. 
 of Portugal, upon its discovery, in 1487, by Bartholomew Diaz, in 
 consequence of a f>oinl hope being entertained of discovering the long- 
 wished for passage to India, which ten years afterwards was realised by 
 Yasco de Gama, who doubled the Cape, and continued the voyage to the 
 Malabar coast For more than a century the Cape continued as a tem- 
 porary rendezvous for European mariners. In July 1620, Humphrey 
 Fitaherbert and Andrew Shillinge, two of the East India Company's 
 commanders, took formal possession of the place, in the name of King 
 James L, but no settlement was formed. In 1650 the government of 
 the Netherlands resolved to colonlie tUe Cape, which remained in pos- 
 session of the Dutch until July 1795, when it was taken by the British 
 for the Prince of Orange, but was restored to its former possessors by 
 the Peace of Amiens, concluded in 1802. It was agam captured by 
 the British in 1806, in whose possession it has since remained. 
 
60 HISTOBICAL BECOBD OF THE SEYENTY-FIBST 
 
 1806. As the following letter from Brigadier General 
 ist tot. Ferguson to Major-General Sir David Baird is very 
 
 creditable to the regiment and to its commander, it is 
 
 here inserted. 
 
 iC 
 
 Sib, 
 
 '* Cape Towrit 19tk January 1806. 
 
 " As in the affair of Bleuberg, on the 8th instant, 
 " chance placed two of the enemy's guns in possession of 
 " the Highland brigade, I hope you will be pleased to 
 " order the allowance usually granted on such occasions 
 " to be issued, and shared amongst the 71st, 72d, and 
 " 93d regiments. 
 
 " Although the guns fell into our hands in front of 
 " the 7 1st regiment, Lieut.-Colonel Pack (desirous that 
 " the three regiments should be considered as one 
 " family) has most handsomely withdrawn the prior 
 " claim His Majesty's 71st regiment might have made, 
 " and to which the situation of the guns, when taken, 
 *' would have entitled that most excellent corps. 
 
 " I have, &c. 
 " (Signed) E. C. Ferguson, 
 
 " Brigadier General. 
 " Major-General Sir David Baird." 
 
 The Seventy-pibst went into quarters at the can- 
 tonment of Wynberg, about seven miles from Cape Town, 
 on the road to Simon's Bay, where the battalion re- 
 mained until the 1 2th of April, when, most unexpectedly, 
 an order arrived for its immediate embarkation on 
 an expedition to the Bio de la Plata in South America, 
 which had been planned by the British commanders, 
 naval and military, at the Cape. The Seventy-fiest 
 was the only corps of the Cape garrison destined for 
 this service, with the addition of a few dragoons and 
 some artillery. At this period the strength of the bat- 
 talion amounted to eight hundred rank and file, having 
 received some recruits from foreign corps at the Cape. 
 The troops were to be commanded by Brigadier-General 
 
BEOIMENT^ HIGHLAND LIGHT lyPAKTRT. 61 < 
 
 William Carr Beresford, afterwards General Viscount 1806. 
 Beresford. r . "i r. > i; .x-\l,. -u]' istbat. 
 
 The battalion was embarked in line-of-battle ships 
 and in transports, and on the 14th of April the fleet 
 sailed from Table Bay, directing its course to the west- 
 ward until the 20th, when, inconsequence of unfavour- 
 able weather, and having parted company with one of 
 the transports, in which were three companies of the 
 Seventy-first, the signal was made to rendezvous at 
 St. Helena, at which island the fleet arrived on the 30th 
 of April, with the exception of the missing transport. 
 Here the force under Brigadier-General Beresford re- 
 ceived an augmentation of two hundred men from the 
 St. Helena regiment, making a total of a thousand and 
 eighty-seven rank and file. 
 
 On the 2d of May the fleet sailed from St. Helena, 
 and after a tedious voyage arrived at Cape St. Mary's, 
 at the entrance of the Rio de la Plata, on the 8th of 
 June, where it met with the missing transport. 
 
 The troops that had sailed in the line-of-battle ships 
 were transferred on the 16th of June to the transports, 
 which proceeded up the river, and on the 24th of that 
 month came to anchor opposite the city of Buenos 
 Ayres. On the 25th, at night, the Seventy-first, 
 with the other troops, effected a landing without any 
 opposition. The following morning they pushed forward, 
 and met the enemy at the village of Reduction, who 
 made a trifling stand, and then retired towards the city. 
 On this occasion Captain Henry Le Blanc of the 
 Seventy-first lost his leg, and a serjeant and five 
 rank and file were wounded. 
 
 The British troops continued to advance in pursuit 
 of the enemy, and on the morning of the 27th of June 
 forced their passage across the Chualo. Some skirmish- 
 ing followed this movement, but the city of Buenos 
 Ayres almost immediately surrendered. In the evening 
 the town and fort were taken possession of by the first 
 
62 HISTORICAL BEGORD Or THB S£V£NTT*FIRST 
 
 ). 
 
 1806.battalion of the Sbtbntt-first and detachments of 
 icttet. Marines and St. Helena Regiment. h^.-^ix-x't^.j 
 
 tt> The Setentt-virst occupied barracks in Buenos 
 Ayres, and remained undisturbed until the beginning of 
 August, by which time the enemy had collected a force 
 of about 1,500 men, under a leader named Pueridon, at 
 five leagues from the city. Brigadier-General Beresford, 
 in consequence, moved out with three hundred of the 
 Seventy-first, fifty from the St Helena Regiment, 
 and six field pieces ; attacked and dispersed the enemy, 
 taking all his artillery, namely, ten pieces of \'arious 
 calibre. The battalion had only five men woimded in 
 this operation. iKfci. i 0',\ i' 0s>i •■ a*.:{>;i • .. ..^ iv,vt«,?') 
 About this period, a body of the enemy, headed by 
 Colonel Liniers, a French officer in the service of Sptun, 
 crossed from Colonna to Concher, evidently with hostile 
 intentions. Forming a junction with the force under 
 Pueridon, the whole marched upon Buenos Ayres. 
 
 On the 10th of August the enemy commenced opera- 
 tions, by the massacre of a Serjeant and his guard of 
 the Seventy-first Regiment, who were posted at a 
 place in the suburbs where the bull-fights were usually 
 exhibited. On the following day much skirmishing 
 ensued in the outskirts of the city, the enemy taking 
 possession of the tops of houses, from which he kept up 
 a galling and destructive fire. 
 
 During this time the miun body of the British force 
 took up a position in the Grand Square, but afterwards 
 retired into the fort of Buenos Ayres. Being now 
 bereft of all resources, and without hopes of reinforce- 
 ment, there appeared no alternative but to capitulate, 
 and about one o'clock on the 12th of August hostilities 
 ccaHcd, and the fort was surrendered. The troops 
 marched out with the honors of war, and laid down 
 their arms in the Square. 
 
 The Seventy-first were now prisoners ; the offi- 
 cers were allowed their parole, and quartered upon the 
 
'^BEOIMENT, HIGHLAND LIQHT IMFAMTKT. 
 
 63 
 
 force 
 kards 
 
 troops 
 down 
 
 inhabitants ; the men were confined in the prisons of the 1806. 
 city. ittlMt 
 
 In these melancholy proceedings fell Lieutenant 
 William Mitchell and Ensign Thomas Lucas. Both had 
 much distinguished themselves. The battalion lost in 
 • killed and wounded ninety-one men. mi 'Jc ra^^'sm* 
 b.'"..In August 1806 the second battalion embarked atzdUt. 
 Glasgow for Ireland, and arrived at Belfast on the let 
 of September. 
 
 About the middle of September, the Seventt-fibst istbat 
 were removed from Buenos Ayres into the interior. Bri- 
 gadier-General Beresford, with his staff, and Lieut.- 
 Colonel Pack, were placed at Luxon, from whence they 
 subsequently effected their escape, upon learning that 
 the removal of tk^ prisoners still further up the country 
 had been ordered. v i i'*! qi . : ic 
 
 Lieut.-Colonel Pack was thus enabled to join the 1807. 
 troops which had landed near Monte Video in January 
 1807, under the command of Brigadier-General Sir 
 Samuel Auchmuty, and to afford assistlmce in the im- 
 portant operations then being carried on. Sir Samuel 
 Auchmuty, at Lieut.-Colonel Pack's request, directed 
 a board of naval and military officers to inquire into the 
 particulars of his escape, by whom it was unanimously 
 approved, and he was declared free to serve.* 
 
 The second battalion was removed from Ireland to 2d bat. 
 Scotland in January 1807, but returned to Ireland in 
 June following. 
 
 In May 1807, a further removal to the interior of the utbat 
 prisoners took place. The officers were collected at a 
 college belonging to the Jesuits, about forty leagues to 
 the northward of Cordova, and entirely separated from 
 their men. In this situation they remained until August 
 following, when, just as they were ordered to prepare 
 for a transfer to a station still more remote, the accounts 
 
 * Lieut-Colonel Pack's narrative of hia escape is inserted in the 
 Appandiz, page 158. . ^ » . .i. 
 
 
, 
 
 l:,l 
 
 * i! 
 ill I " ■ 
 
 'U 
 
 64 HISTORICAL BECOBD Or THE SEVENTY-FIRST 
 
 1807. of the convention entered into by Lieut. -General John 
 istbaf^Yhitelocke were received, by which it was stipulated 
 
 that the prisoners should be restored to liberty, on 
 condition that all the British forces should be with- 
 drawn. It is scarcely necessary to remark, that the 
 prospect of being restored to liberty and friends was 
 greatly damped by the military events which produced 
 it, and which completely extinguished the ardent hopes 
 of success that had been entertained from the arrival of 
 the last British force in South America, ''-'-' ' -" A 
 
 In September the whole of the officers and men were 
 re-conducted to Buenos Ayres, from whence they were 
 conveyed in boats to Monte Video, and there embarked 
 in transports, with a view of returning to Europe. 
 
 It is a circumstance highly creditable to the charac- 
 ter of the soldiers of the Seventy-first, that although 
 so many and powerful allurements were held out to 
 induce them to remain in South America, still not 
 more than thirty-six individuals were found to swerve 
 from their duty and allegiance to their king and 
 country. 
 
 The fleet sailed immediately, and after a tedious and 
 rough voyage of three months the transports having 
 the Seventy-first on board put into Cork Harbour 
 in December, and on the 27th of that month the whole 
 were landed, without uniform, clothing, arms, or accou- 
 trements, and marched to Middleton, under the com- 
 mand of Major Henry ToUey, Lieut.-Colonel Pack 
 having previously returned to England from South 
 America, 
 
 1808. In March 1808, the regiment proceeded from Mid- 
 dleton to Cork, where its equipment in every respect 
 was completed. 
 
 ad bat. The second battalion embarked at Londonderry for 
 Scotland on the 9th of April 1808, after transferring 
 200 men to the first battalion, which raised the strength 
 of the latter to nearly 900 rank and file. 
 
TlEaiMENT, HIGHLAND LIGHT INFANTBY. 65 
 
 i the 26th of April, whilst in garrison at Cork, 1808. 
 ne,v colours, to replace those left in South America, i"t bat. 
 were presented to the Seventy-first by Lieut.- 
 Gencral John Floyd, who had commanded the cavalry 
 and advance in the campaign of 1790 in the East 
 Indies. 
 
 The following animating and soldierlike address was 
 made by the gallant general on the occasion : 
 
 " Seventy-first ! 1 
 
 " I am directed' to perform the honorable duty of 
 presenting your colours. 
 
 " Brave Skventy-fir8T, the world is well acquainted 
 with your gallant conduct at the capture of Buenos 
 Ayres, in South America, under one of His Majesty's 
 " bravest generals. 
 " It is well known that you defended your conquest 
 with the utmost courage, good conduct, and discipline 
 to the lust extremity. "When diminished to a handful, 
 hopeless of succour, and destitutip of provisions, you 
 were overwhelmed by multitudes, and reduced by the 
 *' fortune of war to lose your liberty, and your well- 
 " defended colours, but not your honor. Your honor, 
 " Seventy-fiust regiment, remains unsullied. Your 
 " last act in the field covered you with glory. Your 
 " generous despair, calling upon your general to suffer 
 " you to die with arms in your hands, proceeded from 
 " the genuine spirit of British soldiers. Your beha- 
 " viour in prosperity,— your sufferings in captivity, — 
 " and your faithful discharge of your duty to your 
 " King and country, are appreciated by all. 
 
 " You who now stand on this pnrnde, in defiance of 
 " tho alhu'cnionts held out to base desertion, are cn- 
 •* dcared to tho army and to tho country, and your 
 " conduci, will ensure you tho esteem of all true soldiers, 
 " —of all worthy men,— and fill every one of you with 
 " honest martial pride. 
 
 it 
 
 t( 
 
 it 
 
 n 
 
 «( 
 
 (( 
 
I 
 
 66 HISTORICAL RECORD OF THE SEVENTY-FIRST 
 
 l! 
 
 J V' ' 
 
 I \ 
 
 1808. " It has been my good fortune to have witnessed, in 
 ist bat." a remote part of the world, the early glories and 
 " gallant conduct of the Seventy-first regiment in 
 " the field ; and it is with great satisfaction I meet you 
 " again, with replenished ranks, with good arms in your 
 " hands, and with stout hearts in your bosoms. 
 
 " Look forward, officers and soldiers, to the achieve- 
 " ment of new honors and the acquirement of fresh 
 "fame!! 
 
 " Officers 1 be the friends and guardians of these 
 " brave fellows committed to your charge ! ! 
 
 " Soldiers! give your confidence to your officers. 
 " They have shared with you the chances of war ; they 
 " have bravely bled along with you ; — they will always 
 " do honor to themselves and you. Preserve your 
 " regiment's reputation for valour in the field and re- 
 " gularity in quarters. 
 
 " I have now the honor to present the 
 " Royal colour. 
 « This is the King's colour ! ! 
 
 " I have now the honor to present your Regi- 
 
 " MENTAL colour. 
 
 " This is the colour of the Seventy-first regiment. 
 " May victory for ever crown these colours ! ! 1" 
 The Peninsula was at this period the centre of poli- 
 tical interest. Portugal, deserted by her government, 
 and Spain betrayed, the people of each rose in arms to 
 recover the national independence. Dissensions had 
 arisen in the royal family of Spain, occasioned by the 
 Bway of Emanuel Godoy, who bore the title of Prince 
 of Peace. This minister was dismissed, but the court 
 was unable to restore tranquillity. In this emergency, 
 the French emperor was solicited to be umpire, and 
 Napoleon ultimately placed the crown of Spain on his 
 brother Joseph, who was transferred from the throne 
 of Naples. The Spaniards flew to arms in conse- 
 quence. The British government resolved to aid the 
 
H 
 
 REGIMENT, HIGHLAND LIGHT INFANTRY. 67 
 
 Spanish and Fortugueee patriots, and a British army 1808. 
 was ordered to proceed to the Peninsula, under the com- i«tbat. 
 mand of Lieut.-General Sir Arthur Wellesley. The 
 first battalion of the Seventy-first regiment formed 
 part of the force selected on this occasion. 
 
 The first battalion of the Seventy-first regiment 
 embarked at the Cove of Cork on the 17 th of June 
 1808. Its strength consisted of fifty- two seijeants, 
 twenty-two drummers, and eight hundred ancl seventy- 
 four rank and file. "• -> S' -• — 
 
 In June 1808 His Majesty King George III. was 
 pleased to approve of the Seventy-first bearing the * 
 title of Glasgow regiment, in addition to the appellation 
 of Highland regiment. 
 
 In the first instance, the Seventy-first were 
 brigaded with the fifth, thirty-eighth, and fifth battalion 
 of the sixtieth regiment, under Brigadier-General 
 Henry Fane, and sailed for Portugal, in conjunction 
 with the forces destined to aid the Spaniards and 
 Portuguese, on the 12th of July. After a favourable 
 passage, the troops anchored in Mondego Bay in the 
 beginning of August, and a landing was effected in the 
 vicinity of the village of Frejus. 
 
 Early in the morning of the 4th of August a small 
 piquet of the enemy stationed in the neighbourhood 
 fell back, and the operation of disembarking the troops 
 was carried into effect without opposition. The army 
 then moved on to a position across a deep sandy 
 country, where it halted, and encamped for the night. 
 
 At this period a change took place in the arrange- 
 ment of the brigades, and the first battalion of the 
 Seventy-first was placed, with the thirty-sixth and 
 fortieth regiments, in that commanded by Major- 
 Gcncral Ronald Craufurd Fergusou. 
 
 The division under Major-General Sir Brent Spencer, 
 K.B., from Cadiz, consisting of about four thousand 
 men, joined on the 8th of August ; and, after a short 
 
 B 8 
 
68 HISTOBICAL BECOBD OF THE SEVENTY-FIRST 
 
 1808. halt, the army was again put in motion to occupy a 
 ist bat more fonvard position, where it remained for some 
 days. On the 17th of August the enemy, com- 
 manded by General Laborde, was encountered near 
 Roleia. The position was attacked, and carried with 
 great loss to the French, who retreated on Torres 
 Vedras. 
 
 The light company of the Seventy-first was the 
 only part of the regiment engaged, the remainder being 
 employed in manoeuvring on the right flank of the 
 French. The light company suffered a trifling loss, 
 having but one man killed and a few wounded. 
 
 The Seventy-first subsequently received the royal 
 authority to bear the word " Roleia " on the regi- 
 mental colour and appointments, in commemoration of 
 this victory. 
 
 Lieut.-General Sir Arthur Wellesley, after the battle 
 of Roleia, did not pursue the enemy by the high roads, 
 but keeping to the right near the sea, marched to 
 Vimiera, to cover the landing of a brigade commanded 
 by Major-General Anatruther, which was effected on 
 the 20th of August. 
 
 The morning of the 21st of August was given up to 
 the troops, in order to prepare and repose themselves. 
 The men were engaged in washing and cleaning their 
 equipments, when the approach of the enemy, moving 
 to the left, was discovered at eight o'clock in the 
 morning, and the brigades commanded by Major- 
 General Ferguson, Brigadier-Generals Nightingall, 
 Acland, and Bowes, were consequently moved across 
 a valley from the heights on the west to those on the 
 east of Vimiera. 
 
 Marshal Jiuiot, Duke of Abrnntes, moved on his 
 army to the attack of the position, and commenced it 
 on the British centre, where the fiftieth regiment was 
 posted, moving along the front gradually to the left, 
 until the whole lino became engaged. 
 
M 
 
 the 
 
 left, 
 
 BEGIMENT, HIGHLAND LIGHT INFANTBT. 69 
 
 A short time previously to this, the soldiers of the 1808, 
 brigade were ordered to sit down, with their arms iniatbot 
 their hands, keeping their formation. The enemy in 
 the meantime cannonaded the whole line, and pushed 
 on his sharpshooters and infantry. To oppose the 
 former, Major-General Ferguson ordered the left sec- 
 tions of companies to move forward and skirmish. 
 Upon the retreat of the enemy's sharpshooters, the 
 action became general along the front of this brigade, and 
 the whole moved forward to the attack. Nothing could 
 surpass the steadiness of the troops on this occasion, 
 and the general and commanding officer set a noble 
 example, which was followed by all. 
 
 The grenadier company of the Seventy-first 
 greatly distinguished itself, in conjunction with a sub- 
 division of the light company of the tliirty-sixth regi- 
 ment. Captain Alexander Forbes, who commanded 
 the grenadier company, was ordered to the support 
 of some British artillery, and, seizing a favorable 
 opportunity, made a dash at a battery of the enemy's 
 artillery immediately in his front. He succeeded in 
 capturing five guns and a howitzer, with horses, 
 caissons, and equipment complete. In this affair alone 
 the grenadier company had Lieutenants John Pratt 
 and Ralph Dudgeon and thirteen rank and file wounded, 
 together with two men killed.* 
 
 -, The French made a daring effort to retake their 
 artillery, both with cavalry and infantry; but the 
 gallant conduct of the grenadier company, and the ad- 
 vance of Major-General Ferguson's brigade, finally left 
 the gtms in the possession of those who had so gallantly 
 captured them. 
 
 ♦ Lieut. -General Sir Harry Burrard landed during the action, but did 
 not assume the comntand. Lieut-General Sir Hew Dalrymple landed on 
 the following day, and took command of the army. The force under 
 Lieut.-General Sir John Moore was also disembarked during the nego* 
 tiution, which subsequently took place, making the British army to amount 
 to thirty-two thousand men. 
 
 E 3 
 
 I 
 
70 HISTOKICAL BECORD OP THE SEVENTT-riRST 
 
 1808. George Clark, one of the pipers of the re^ment, 
 ut bat and afterwards piper to the Highland Society of 
 London, was wounded in this action, and being unable 
 to accompany his corps in the advance against the 
 enemy, put his pipes in order, and struck up a favourite 
 regimental air, to the great delight of his comrades. 
 This is the second instance in which the pipers of the 
 Seventy-first have behaved with particular gallantry, 
 and evinced high feeling for the credit and honor of 
 the corps.* 
 
 During the advance of the battalion, several prisoners 
 were taken, among whom was the French general, 
 Brennier. Corporal John M'^Kay, of the Seventy- 
 first, who took him, was afterwards promoted to an 
 ensigncy in the Fourth West India Regiment. ' 
 
 The result of this battle was the total defeat of the 
 enemy, who subsequently retreated on Lisbon, with 
 the loss of twenty-one pieces of cannon, twenty-three 
 ammunition waggons, with powder, shells, stores of all 
 descriptions, and 20,000 rounds of musket ammunition, 
 together with a great many officers and soldiers killed, 
 wounded, and taken prisoners. 
 
 The conduct of the battalion, and of its commanding 
 officer, Lieut.-Colonel Pack, was noticed in the public 
 despatches, and the thanks of both Houses of Parlia- 
 ment were conferred on the troops. 
 . The following officers of the Seventy-piIIst were 
 wounded in the battle of Vimiera: Captains Arthur 
 Jones and Maxwell Mackenzie; Lieutenants John 
 Pratt, William Hartley, Augustus M^Intyre, and Ralph 
 Dudgeon ; Ensign James Campbell, and Acting Adju- 
 tant R. M'^Alpin. 
 
 The Seventy-first subsequently received the royal 
 authority to bear the word " Vimiera " on the regimental 
 colour and appointments, in commemoration of this battle. 
 
 The " Convention of Cintra" was the result of this 
 * Vide page 14. 
 
M 
 
 REGIMENT, HIGHLAND LIGHT INFANTBY. 71 
 
 victory, and it was signed on the 30th of August. By 1808. 
 its provisions the French army evacuated Portugal, lit bat 
 which country became freed from its oppressors. 
 
 The British army was ordered to move forward to 
 Lisbon, some of the reinforcements for it having pre- 
 ceded it by water, and occupied the forts at the mouth 
 of the Tagus. The French army having by this con- 
 vention fallen back on Lisbon, the British proceeded to 
 the vicinity of Fort St. Julien, and encamped. 
 
 All the objects of the expedition being carried into 
 effect, and the French troops embarked for France, the 
 British army remained for some time at Lisbon and ita > 
 vicinity. At this period (September) Lieut.-General 
 Sir John Moore, having assumed the command, made 
 dispositions for entering Spain, iwjini-j./ ; : ai ot/r^.yi 
 
 The first battalion of the Seventy-first was now 
 brigaded with the thirty-sixth and ninety-second regi- 
 ments under Brigadier-General Catlin Craufurd, and 
 placed in the division under the command of Lieut- 
 General the Honorable John Hope, afterwards the Earl 
 of Hopetoun. On the 27th of October the division was 
 put in motion, and after a short stay at Badajoz resumed 
 the march, proceeding by Merida, Truxillo, Jaraicejo, 
 Puerto-dc-Merivette, and crossing the Tagus at the 
 bridge of Almaraz, directed its route upon Talavera- 
 de-la-Keyna. From this town the column proceeded 
 to the Escurial, seven leagues to the north-west of 
 Madrid. 
 
 Intelligence was here received of the enemy's ap- 
 proach towards Madrid, and two companies of the 
 Seventy-first, under Major Archibald Campbell, 
 were pushed forward to occupy the important pass in the 
 Guadarnma Mountains, which separate Old from New 
 Castile. After a halt of a few days, the division was put 
 in motion over the Guadarama Pass to Villa Castin, 
 at which place Lieut.-General the Honorable John 
 Hope, in consequence of the intelligence which he re- 
 
 E 4 
 
1. 
 
 y 
 
 '1, 
 
 i 
 
 72 HISTOBICAL BECOBD OF THE SEVENTT-FIRBT 
 
 1808.ceived of the enemy's movements, made a night march to 
 i8t bat the left, by Avila and Peneranda, and finally proceeded 
 to Alba-do-Tormes. At the latter place a junction was 
 formed with a detachment from the army under Lieut.- 
 General Sir John Moore, then at Salamanca. The 
 army under Sir John Moore was shortly afterwards put 
 in motion towards Valladolid, and subsequently to the 
 left, to form a junction with Lieut.-General Sir David 
 Baird's division, which had landed at Corunna. ' • -^ "> 
 ^ Previously to this period, the Spanish armies under 
 General Blake, near Bilboa on the left. General 
 Castanos in the centre, and General Palafox lower 
 down the Ebro on the right, had been completely de- 
 feated; and Lieut.-General Sir John Moore conse- 
 quently made arrangements for a retreat on Portugal 
 by Ciudad Rodrigo ; but it having been represented to 
 him that Madrid held out against the French, he was 
 induced to effect a junction with Lieut.-General Sir 
 David Baird, in order to make a diversion in favour of 
 Madrid, by attacking Marshal Soult on the river 
 Carion. r; . ; i: 
 
 The British force, twenty-nine thousand strong, joined 
 at Toro on the 21st of December, and on the 23d of 
 that month Sir John Moore advanced with the whole 
 army. The cavalry had already met with that of the 
 enemy, and the infantry were within two hours' march 
 of him, when an intercepted letter informed the British 
 commander that Napoleon, who had entered Madrid on 
 the 4th of December, was then in full march for Sala- 
 manca and Benevente. A retreat on Corunna, through 
 Gallicia, was immediately decided on, that through 
 Portugal being then impracticable. 
 
 Accordingly the several divisions marched towards 
 the Esla, the greater part crossing by the bridge of 
 Benevente on the 26th of December, when, after a 
 day's halt, the cavalry under Lieut.-General Lord Paget 
 and Brigadier-General the Honorable Charles Stewart 
 
REGIMENT, HIGHLAND LIGHT INFANTBT. 73 
 
 had an engagement with some of the Imperial Guards 1808. 
 that had forded the river Esla under General Le Fevre, i»tl>at 
 who was made prisoner, with several of his men. 
 
 At this period the situation of the British army was 
 dispiriting in the extreme. In the midst of winter, in 
 a dreary and desolate country, the soldiers, chilled and 
 drenched with the heavy rains, and wearied by long 
 and rapid marches, were almost destitute of fuel to cook 
 their victuals, and it was with extreme diiBiculty that 
 they could procure shelter. Provisions were scarce, 
 irregularly issued, and difficult of attainment. The 
 waggons, in which were their magazines, baggage, and 
 stores, were often deserted in the night by the Spanish 
 drivers, who were terrified by the approach of the 
 French. Thus baggage, ammunition, stores, and even 
 money were destroyed to prevent them falling into the 
 hands of the enemy ; and the weak, the sick, and the 
 wounded were necessarily left behind. The Seventy- 
 first suffered in proportion with the rest, and by 
 weakness, sickness, and fatigue lost about ninety-three 
 men. ' " ■' ':":;' ''' '■ ^- ■'■ ■" ^ ■ 
 
 On the 5th of January 1809, a position was taken up 1809. 
 at Lugo, where some skirmishing occurred, in which 
 three companies of the Seventy-first were engaged, 
 and repulsed the enemy. 
 
 Lieut.-General Francis Dundas was appointed from 
 the ninety-fourth regiment to be Colonel of the 
 Seventy-first on the 7th of January 1809, in suc- 
 cession to Lieut.-General Sir John Francis Cradock, 
 K.6., removed to the forty-third regiment. 
 
 The retreat was again commenced on the 9th of 
 January; and on the 11th the army, still nearly 
 fifteen thousand strong, reached Corunna. The British 
 army, having accomplished one of the most celebrated 
 retreats recorded in modern history, repulsing the pur- 
 suing enemy in all his attacks, and having traversed two 
 himdred and fifty miles of mountainous country under 
 
74 HISTOBICAL RECOBD OF THE SEYENTT-FIBST 
 
 1809. very disheartening circumstances^ accompanied by se- 
 istbatvere privation, was not destined to embark for England 
 without a battle. « v*^ s i;^ vi^i»' ^ ^»i ^i(^;w ^» * ii*j« 
 
 The transports not haying arrived, a position was oc- 
 cupied in advance of Corunnoy and some sharp skirmish- 
 ing ensued, in which four companies of the Seventy- 
 FIBST were warmly engaged, and lost several men in 
 killed and wounded. Lieutenant William Lockwood 
 was severely wounded. On this ground the battle of 
 Corunna was fought, on the 16th of January ; but the 
 Seventy-fibst, being placed on the extreme left of 
 the British line, had little to do therein. The result of 
 the action was glorious to the British army, but was 
 darkened by the .loss of Lieut.-General Sir John 
 Moore, who received a severe wound during the battle, 
 and died at ten o'clock on the same night. His remains 
 were wrapped in a military cloak, and interred in the 
 Citadel of Corunna, over which Marshal Soult, with 
 the true feeling of a soldier, erected a monument, i? - 
 Lieut.-General Sir David Baird, who succeeded to 
 the command upon Sir John Moore being wounded, 
 was also wounded, ind the command devolved upon 
 Lieut.-General the Honorable John Hope. 
 
 At eight o'clock on the night of the 16th of January 
 the troops quitted their position, leaving the piquets 
 posted, and a few men to keep up the fires, and then 
 marched into Corunna, where they embarked for Eng- 
 land on the following day. , c< ,. ' . *^^ ./'J-);. ..,, > 
 
 In commemoration of this battle, and of the conduct 
 of the battalion during the expedition, the Seventy- 
 first, in common with the army eiu^k^e'? under 
 Lieut.-General Sir John Moore, rer i o-^i '.i , royal 
 authority to bear the word " Corunna ' on the regi- 
 mental colour and appointments.* 
 
 * Vide general orders of the 18th of January and Ist of February 
 J 909 ; also a list of regiments employed under Lieut-General Sir John 
 tiv^re r> Corunna, Inserted in pages 161, &c. of the Appendix. 
 
 1 
 
M 
 
 1 
 
 f BEOIMEXT, HIGHLAND LIOHT IPANNTBY. 75 
 
 The thanks of both Houses of Parliament were con- 1809. 
 ferred on the troops, and were communicated to Lieut.- istbat. 
 Colonel Pack by Lieut. -General Sir David Baird in 
 the following letter : — * ' "- 
 
 „ o._ ■ ' ' "Portsmouth, 30/A January 1809. 
 
 " I liave great pleasure in transmitting to you 
 " copies of letters from the Lord Chancellor and the 
 ** Speaker of the House of Commons, enclosing the 
 " Resolutions of both Houses of Parliament, dated 
 " 25th of January 1809, which contain the thanks of 
 " those Houses to the army lately engaged before 
 " Corunna. . . . , ,,,; ,, , ,, ,, ,,^{ 
 
 " In communicating to you. Sir, this most signal 
 " mark of the approbation of the Parliament of the 
 " United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, allow 
 ** me to add my warmest congratulation? upon a dis- 
 tinction which you, and the corps under your com- 
 mand on that day, had a share in obtaining for His 
 
 Majesty's service. ^^ ,. 
 
 " I have, &c. 
 , "(Signed) David Baird, 
 
 . " Lieut- General. 
 
 Officer commanding First Battalion 
 " Seventy-fibst regmient." 
 
 After the battalion had landed at Bamsgate, it was 
 inarched to Ashford in Kent, where it continued for 
 some time, collecting the men, who from contrary winds 
 were driven into different ports. 
 
 While at Ashford the battalion was brigaded with 
 the Warwick militia and the ninety-first regii lent, 
 under Brigadier-General the Baron de Rottenburg 
 Great sickness prevailed at this station, and Surgeon 
 James Evans and several of the soldiers died of typhus 
 fever. 
 
 On the 20th of March 1809 the Royal authority was 
 granted for the Seventy-first to be formed into a 
 
 (( 
 
 (( 
 
 (f 
 
 tt 
 
II 
 
 m 
 
 mn 
 
 u 
 
 76 HISTORICAL REGOBD OF THE SEVENTY-FIRST 
 
 1809.%/*^ infantry regiment, when it was directed that the 
 i8t bat. clothing, arming, and discipline should be the same in 
 all respects as the forty-third, fifty-second, sixty-eighth, 
 and eighty-fifth regiments. 
 
 The first battalion marched, on the 27th of April 
 1809, for Brabom-ne-Lecs barracks, and was brigaded 
 with the sixty-eighth and eighty-fifth light infimtry 
 regiments. Every exertion was here made to increase 
 the strength and improve the discipline of the corps. 
 In June the first battalion was increased by a large 
 reinforcement, consisting of several officers and 311 
 non-commissioned officers and privates from the second 
 battalion, wliich continued to be stationed in North 
 Britain. Several volunteers from the militia were also 
 received at this period. 
 
 Immense preparations had been made by the British 
 Government to fit out the most formidable armament 
 that had for a long time proceeded from England. 
 The troops amounted to 40,000 men, commanded 
 by Lieut.-General the Earl of Chatham ; the naval 
 portion consisted of thirty-nine ships of the line, 
 thirty-six frigates, and numerous gun-boats and bomb- 
 vessels, and other small craft, under Admiral Sir 
 Richard Strachan. The object of the expedition was 
 to obtain pofscssion of the islands at the mouth of the 
 Scheldt, and to destroy the French sliips in that river, 
 with the docks and arsenals at Antwerp. The first 
 battalion of the Skventy-fiust, towards the end of 
 June, received orders to prepare for the above Borvicc, 
 and marched, on the 28th and 29th of that month, in 
 two divisions, encamping near Gosport. 
 
 On the IGthof July the battalion, consisting of three 
 field officers, six captains, twenty-seven subalterns, five 
 staff, forty-eight scrjcauts, and 974 dnnnmers and 
 rank and file, embarked at Portsmoiilh on board His 
 Majesty's sln])s Udlcisic and LnpMeuse, and towards 
 the end of the month sailed for the Downs. 
 
 Ill I 
 
 II 'M 
 
BEGIMENT, HIGHLAND LIGHi INFANTRY. 77 
 
 •CO 
 
 ve 
 
 dd 
 
 The battalion was brigaded, under Brigadier-General 1809. 
 the Baron de Kottenburg, with the sixty-eighth and ist bat. 
 eighty-fifth light infantry, in the di^ ision commanded 
 by Lieut.-General Alexander Mackenzie Eraser, and 
 in the corps of Lieut.-General Sir Eyre Coote, K.B. 
 
 The expedition sailed from the Downs on tlie 28th 
 of July, and having arrived oft* the Roompct Channel, 
 preparations were made for landing ; small craft to cover 
 the landin<x were also sent in shore, and the lio-ht bri- 
 gade, composed of the sixty-eighth, SEVENTY-FiRST,and 
 eighty-fifth light infantry, were landed under their fire. 
 In an instant they were in contact with the enemy's 
 sharpshooters, who fell back, skirmishing. Beiiig pushed 
 hard, four guns, with their equipment, and several 
 prisoners were taken by two companies of the Skventy- 
 FiRST, under Captains George Sutherland and Henry 
 Hall, and one company of the eighty-fifth regiment. 
 
 A battery and flagstaff* on the coast were taken pos- 
 session of by the tenth company of the Seventi'-first, 
 and in lieu of a flag a soldier's red jacket was hoisted 
 on it. 
 
 This advance having succeeded at all points, rtnd the 
 enemy having fallen back on Flusldng and Middhhnrg, 
 the army was disembarked. The advance then dividing, 
 proceeded by diff'crent routes. The Seventy-fiust 
 moved by the sea dyke on a fort called !ZV/' Veer, the 
 situation and strength of whicli was not sufficiently 
 known, an enemy's deserter having given but imperfect 
 intelligence respecting it. 
 
 After nightfall the co'iumn continued to advance in 
 perfect silence, with orders to attack the post with the 
 bayonet, when, on a sudden, the advance-gunvd fell in 
 with an enemy's pnrty, who cauio out for the purpose 
 of firing some houses which overlooked the works. 
 The column following the advance-guard had entered 
 an avenue or road leading to the fort, when the advance 
 couimcnced the action with the enemy, who, retiring 
 
78 HISTORICAL BECOBD OP THE SEVENTY-FIRST 
 
 f,>^'' 
 
 If 
 
 :|| 
 
 
 m I 
 
 1809.Avithin the place, opened a tremendous fire from his 
 1st bat. works with artillery and musketry. Some guns pointing 
 down the road by which the battalion advanced did 
 great execution, and the Seventy-first had Surgeon 
 Charles Henry Quin killed, and about eighteen men 
 killed and wounded. The column, after some firing, 
 retired, and the place was the next day regularly in- 
 vested by sea and land. It took three days to reduce 
 it, when it capitulated, with its stores, and a garrison 
 of 800 men. 
 
 Flushing having been invested on the Ist of August, 
 the Seventy-first, after the surrender of Ter Veer, 
 were ordered into the line of circumvallation, and placed 
 on the extreme left, resting on the Scheldt. The pre- 
 parations for the attack on the town having been com- 
 pleted, on the 13th a dreadful fire was opened from the 
 batteries and bomb-vessels, and congreve rockets having 
 been tlurown into the town, it was on fire in many 
 l)laces. The ships having joined in the attack, the 
 enemy's fire gradually slackened, and at length ceased. 
 A summons being sent in, a delay was demanded, but 
 being rejected, the firing recommenced. 
 
 On the 14th of August one of the outworks was 
 carried at the point of the bayonet by a party of detach- 
 ments and two companies of the Seventy-first under 
 Lieut.-Colonel Pack. 
 
 In this aflfiiir, Ensign Donald Sinclair, of the Seventy- 
 first, was killed; Captain George Spottiswoode and 
 a few men were wounded. 
 
 Flushing, with its garrison of 6,000 men, ca[)itulated 
 on tlic 15tli of August, and the right gate was occupied 
 by a detachment of 300 men of the first or Royal 
 Scotr^, and the left gate by a detachment of similar 
 strength of the Seventy-first under Mnjor Arthur 
 iFonos. The naval arsenal, and some vessels of war 
 which wore on the stocks, foil into the hands of the 
 British. 
 
BEOIMENT, HIGHLAND LIGHT INFANTRY. 79 
 
 The Sj3VENTY-rni8T shortly after proceeded to Mid- 1809. 
 dleburg, where the battalion remained for a few days, 1st bat. 
 Avhen it was ordered to occupy Ter Veer, of which place 
 Lieut.-Colonel Puck wna appointed commandant, and 
 Lieutenant Henry Clements, of the Seventy-first, 
 town major. The battalion remained doing duty in the 
 garrison until thin island, after destroying the works, 
 &c., was finally evacuated on the 22d of December. 
 
 On the 23d of December the battalion embarked in 
 transports, and sailed for England, after a service of five 
 months in a very unhealthy climate, which cost the 
 battalion the loss of the following officers and men. 
 
 Officers. 
 
 Died on service - 1 57 
 
 Killed - - - 2 19 
 
 Died after return homo 2 9 
 
 Serjeants, Drummers, 
 and Rank and File. 
 
 Total - - 5 85 
 
 In passing Cadsand, that fort opened a fire on the 
 transports, one of which, having part of the Seventy- 
 first on board, was struck by a round shot, which 
 carried off Serjeant Steel's legs above the knees. 
 
 On the 25th of December the first battalion of the 
 Seventy-firht disembarked at Deal, and marched to 
 Brabourne-Lecs l)arrackrt, in Kent, where it was again 
 brigaded with the sixty-eighth and eighty-fifth light 
 infantry, and was o('cn[ticd in putting itself in an 
 efficient state for active service. 
 
 Upon the Seventy-i-'IUHT being made light infantry, 1810. 
 they were permitted to retain such parts of the national 
 dress as might not be inconsistent with their duties as 
 a light corps. A correspondence on the subject took 
 place between Lieut.-Colonel Pack and the Adjutant- 
 General in April 1810, and the following reply was 
 received from hood-quartors. 
 
80 HISTORICAL BECORD OP THE SEVENTY-PIBST 
 
 1^1 ■ 
 
 IP i r { 
 
 
 " Horse Guards, I2th April 1810. 
 
 <( 
 
 u 
 
 1810. 
 
 1st bat." Sir, 
 
 " Having submitted to the Commander-in-Chief your 
 " letter of the 4th instant, I am directed to state, that 
 there is no objection to the Seventy-first being 
 denominated Highland Light Infantry Regiment, or 
 " to their retaining their pipes, and the Highland garb 
 " for the pipers ; and that they will, of course, be per- 
 " mitted to wear caps according to the pattern which 
 ** was lately approved and sealed by authority.* 
 
 " I have, &c. 
 " (Signed) William Wyntard, 
 
 " Deputy Adjutant-General. 
 " Lieut-Colonel Pack, 
 "71st Regiment:' 
 
 On the 8 th of May 1810 the first battalion marched 
 to Deal barracks, where every exertion was continued 
 to render it fit for active service. Here the battalion 
 was deprived of the services of Lieut.-Colonel Pack, 
 who was appointed a brigadier in the Portuguese army 
 under Marshal "William Carr Beresford, afterwards 
 General the Viscount Beresford. 
 
 Nothing of moment occurred until the early part of 
 September, when the battalion received orders to hold 
 six companies in readiness for foreign service. They 
 were prepared accordingly by drafting into them, from 
 the companies which were to remain at home, the most 
 
 • The bonnt't cocked is the pattern cap to which aUiision is made in 
 the above letter. This was in accordance with Lieut. Colonel I'uck's 
 application ; and with respect to retaining the pipes, and dressing the 
 pipers in the Highland ^rarl), he added, "It cannot be forgotten how these 
 " pipes were obtained, and how constantly the regiment has upheld its 
 " title to till in. These are the honorable characteristics which must 
 " preserve to future times the precious remains of the old corps, aud of 
 " which I foi'I confident His Miyesfy will never have reason to deprive 
 ** the Sevenxv-first regimeut," 
 
REGIMENT, HIGHLAND LIGHT INFANTRY. 81 
 
 effective oflScers and men, several not having recovered 1810. 
 from the Walcheren fever. istbat. 
 
 The following were the companies selected and com- 
 pleted for foreign service, namely : — 
 
 1st, orCapt.M'^Intyre's, 
 2d, or „ Hall's, 
 3d, or „ Adamson's, 
 
 4th, or Capt. Walker's, 
 6th, or „ Spottiswoode's, 
 10th, or „ Lewis Grant's. 
 They consisted of two field officers, six captains, fifteen 
 lieutenants, seven ensigns, four staff, thirty-eight Ser- 
 jeants, twelve drummers, and six hundred and three 
 rank and file. 
 
 On the 14th of September the above compa: les 
 embarked in the Downs on board the Melpomene and 
 St. Fiorenzo frigates ; three companies, with the staff, 
 and Brevet Lieut.-Colonel Xathaniel Levett Peacocke, 
 on board the former ; the remaining three companies, 
 under Brevet Lieut.-Coloncl Thomas Reynell, after- 
 wards colonel of the regiment, on board the latter. 
 They sailed on the following day for Lisbon, and 
 entered the Tagus on the 25th of September, after a 
 short and pleasant passage. The companies were dis- 
 embarked on the following day, and quartered in the 
 San Benito and Espirito Santo convents. 
 
 The greatest exertions were made to complete the 
 companies in field equipment, bat-mules, &c., which 
 being effected, the detachment marched from Lisbon 
 on the 2d of October to Mafra, where it was shortly after- 
 wards joined by Lieut.-Colonel the Honorable Henry 
 Cadogan, who assumed the command, and Lieut.- 
 Colonel Peacocke returned to the second battalion in 
 North Britain. 
 
 TIic detachment being ordered to join the army 
 under Lieut.-Generai Vif*count AVcUington, then re- 
 treating before INIarfhal IVIassenu, Prince of Esf^ling, 
 marched from IVlafni on the 8th of October, and on the 
 lOtii of that month effected the junction at Sobral, 
 where it was brigaded with the firtieth and ninety- 
 
 
 i 
 

 5; V 
 
 J I i it' 
 
 Ml 1 
 
 
 
 
 82 HISTORICAL RECORD OF THE SEVENTY-'FIRST 
 
 18 10. second regiments under Major-General Sir William 
 istbatErskine, in the first division imder Lieut.-General Sir 
 Brent Spencer, K.B. 
 
 The army having retired into a position in the rear of 
 Sobral, that place was occupied by the Seventy-first, 
 having for its support the fiftieth and ninety-second 
 regiments and Major-General Alan Cameron's brigade. 
 On the 12 th of October the piquets were violently 
 attacked by the enemy's advance, and retired skirmish- 
 ing. In the meantime the place was ordered to be 
 evacuated, and the piquets having joined, the Seventy- 
 first took up a position on the outside, within musket- 
 shot of the town. In this affair the detachment had 
 eight men killed, and thirty-four wounded. 
 
 In this position the Seventy-first continued, when 
 on the 14th of October they were again attacked 
 with the greatest impetuosity, and charged with the 
 bayonet. The enemy was completely repulsed, with 
 very considerable loss in killed and wounded, being 
 chased to the spot from which he made the attack. 
 Both parties resumed their original position. 
 
 In Viscount "Wellington's despatch reporting this 
 affair, the names of Lieut. -Colonel the Honorable 
 Henry Cadogan, commanding the Seventy-first, 
 and that of Brevet Lieut.-Colonel Thomas Reynell, 
 were particularly mentioned. 
 
 A soldier of the sixth company, named John Rca, 
 behaved on this occasion in the most gallant manner, 
 and particularly distinguished himself, for which he 
 received a silver medal, with the following inscription : 
 " To John Rca, for liis exemplary courage and good 
 " conduct as a soldier at Sobral, 14th October 1810." 
 
 On the 15th of October the Seventy-first were 
 ordered to withdraw into the position at Zibriera, 
 which was a continuation of the lines of Torres Vedras. 
 In this celebrated position, which bid defiance to the 
 French army, the troops were constantly on the alert, 
 
REGIMENT, HIGHLAND LIGHT INFANTRY. 83 
 
 and occupied in rendering it as strong as circumstances 1810. 
 would admit, and in observing the motions of theistbat. 
 enemy. 
 
 Marshal Massena did not tliink proper to attack the 
 British army in this stronghold, and occupied his time 
 in reconnoissances and demonstrations, imtil compelled, 
 through want of provisions, and consequent sickness of 
 his troops, to abandon his designs, and retire to a 
 position in his rear. This object he finally eftected in 
 a masterly manner in the night between the 14th and 
 15th of November, followed by the allied forces. Both 
 armies thus evacuated positions on wliich the attention 
 of Europe had been fixed, and which they had occupied 
 for a month in the presence of each other. 
 
 The division in which the six companies of the 
 Seventy-first were placed advanced by the route of 
 Alemquer, Cartaxo, Atelaya, and Ahnoster, and halted 
 in and about the latter place from the 20th to the 26th 
 of November inclusive. The enemy in the meantime 
 retired to an extremely strong position at and in the 
 vicinity of Santarem, where Marshal Massena halted, 
 although threatened by Viscount Wellington, who, 
 after some manoeuvring, took up a position immediately 
 in the enemy's front, having his head-quarters at Car- 
 taxo, and the different corps of the army cantoned in 
 the villages. The brigade to which the Seventy- 
 first belonged occupied Alquintrinha. 
 
 At this place the Seventy-first remained iuquar-1811. 
 tcrs until March 1811, at wliich period the army, having 
 been reinforced*, was about to resume the offensive, 
 Avhcn the enemy retired during the night of the 5th of 
 March, taking the same road, through Estremadura, by 
 which he entered Portugal. 
 
 * The remaining four companies of the first battalion of the Si;ventv- 
 riRST regiment arrived in the Peninsula in the course of the year 1811, 
 namely, two companies in March, and two in July 1811. 
 
 F 2 
 
84 HISTORICAL RECORD OF THE SEVENTY-FIRST 
 
 W- 
 
 ifSi 
 
 ) V'^ 
 
 ■H 
 
 1811. The British army accordingly advanced in pursuit of 
 1st bat. Marshal Massena, and the brigade in wliich was the 
 Seventy-first accompanied it, moving by Redinha, 
 Miranda de Corvo, .and Saryedes, passing the Coa, a 
 little above Sabugal, upon the 5th of April, and on the 
 9th arrived at Albergaria, a small town on the frontiers 
 of Spain. The Seventy-first remained in Alber- 
 garia until the 2d of May, when the enemy, having been 
 strongly reinforced, moved from Salamanca, and on 
 that day crossed the frontier with a large convoy of 
 provisions for Almeida, then closely invested by the 
 Portuguese forces under Brigadier-General Pack. 
 
 In consequence of this movement, the allied army 
 broke up its cantonments on the Azava, and fomied in 
 order of battle upon the high ground behind the Duaa 
 Casas, the left extending to the high road to Almeida 
 which crossed the river by a ford near Fort Conception, 
 and the right keeping up a communication with the 
 bridge at Sabugal ; opposite the centre, the village 
 of Fuentes cfOnor was strongly occupied by light 
 infantry. 
 
 Upon the 3d of May the French took post on the 
 opposite side of the valley of the Duas Casas, their 
 left fronting Fuentes d'Onor, and their right extending 
 about two miles and a half to Alameda. In the after- 
 noon of the 3d of May they attacked Fuentes d'Onor 
 with much vigour. That post was defended with the 
 greatest bravery until the light companies, being worn 
 out and harassed by repeated attacks, were obliged to 
 retire, and the enemy possessed himself of the lower 
 part of the village. 
 
 The Sevexty-fiust were now ordered up to sup- 
 port, and, conmianded by Lieut.-Colonel the Honor- 
 able Ilcnry Cadogan, charged the enemy through the 
 village and across the Duas Casas, taking ten officers 
 and al)out a hundred men prisoners. The corps retained 
 its conquest that night and the whole of the next day, 
 
REGIMENT, HIGHLAND LIGHT INFANTRY. 86 
 
 but upon Sunday the 5th of May, the Frenrl^ having 1812. 
 succeeded in turning some troops to the i^ lediate istbat. 
 right, were obliged to give way ; having been imme- 
 diately supported by the seventy-fourth and eighty- 
 eighth regiments, they again advanced, took possession 
 of and retained the village until the conclusion of the 
 action, 
 
 A struggle of such duration could not be carried on 
 without great loss, and the Seventy-first suffered 
 severely. They went into action about 320 strong, 
 and lost nearly one half of their number in killed and 
 wounded. 
 
 The Seventy-first had Lieutenants John Consell, 
 William Houston, and John Graham, and Ensign 
 Donald John Kearns, together with four Serjeants and 
 twentv-two rank and file, killed. 
 
 Captains Peter Adamson and James M'^Intyre, 
 Lieutenants William M*^Craw, Humphrey Fox, and 
 Robert Law (Adjutant), Ensigns Charles Cox, Jolm 
 Vandeleur, and Carique Lewin, six Serjeants, three 
 buglers, and one hundred rank and file, were wounded. 
 Two officers, with several men, were taken prisoners. 
 
 In commemoration of the gallantry displayed in this 
 prolonged action, the Seventy-first subsequently 
 received the Royal authority to bear the words 
 " Fuentes d'Onor " on the regimental colour and 
 appointments. 
 
 Viscount Wellington particularly mentioned the name 
 of Lieut.-Colonel the Honorable Henry Cadogan in 
 his despatch, and being highly gratified with the con- 
 duct of the Seventy-first on this occasion, directed 
 that a non-commissioned officer should be selected for a 
 commission. According to his Lordship's recommenda 
 tion, Quartermaster-Serjeant William Gavin was shortly 
 afterwards promoted to an cnsigncy in the regiment. 
 
 The Seventy-first, upon the 14th, returned to 
 their old quarters at Albcrgaria, and remained there 
 
 F 3 
 
ll 
 
 t +ii; 
 
 I 
 
 li ^ 
 
 m 
 
 if f F I 
 
 86 HISTORICAL RECORD OF THE SEVENTY-FIRST 
 
 18 11. until the 26th of May, when the brigade was ordered 
 
 1st bat to the Alemtejo frontier, as a reinforcement to Marshal 
 Sir William Beresford's* army, at this time besieging 
 Badajoz, and threatened by the advance of Marshal 
 Soult from the south of Spain. 
 
 2d bat. On the 15th of May 1811, the second battalion 
 embarked at Leith for South Britain, arrived at Rams- 
 gate on the 23d of that month, and remained stationed 
 in England for nearly two years. 
 
 istbat. The first battalion, upon its route southward, crossed 
 the Tagus on the 31st of May, and arrived near 
 Albuhera on the 14th of June, having passed through 
 Portalegre, Aronches, Campo Mayor, and Talavera 
 Real. 
 
 The sanguinary battle of Albuhera, fought en the 
 16th of May, had obliged Marshal Soult to retire pre- 
 viously to the arrival of the reinforcement, which 
 being considered no longer necessary, the battalion 
 retired to Elvas, where it remained two days ; the bat- 
 talion again moved to Toro de Moro on the 19th of 
 June, where it remained for a mortb, At this encamp- 
 ment a detachment of 350 men, with a proportion of 
 officers, joined from the second battalion then stationed 
 at Deal. 
 
 About this period the first battalion became a part of 
 the army under Lieut.-General Rowland (afterwards 
 Viscount) Hill. The junction of the armies of Marshals 
 Marmont and Soult having obliged Viscount Wellington 
 to raise the siege of Badajoz, which had been resumed 
 after the battle of Albuhera, the battalion, in co-operation 
 with his Lordship's retrograde movement, retired to 
 Borba on the 20th of July. Here it remained until the 
 1st of September, when it moved to Portalegre, and 
 thence marched to Castello de Vido on the 4th of 
 October. 
 
 * Major General William Carr Beresford, marshal in the Portuguese 
 service, was appointed a Knight of the Bath on the 16th of October 1810. 
 
BEGIMENT, HIGHLAND LIGHT INF N'TRT. ? 
 
 A detachment from Marshal Soult's army under 1811. 
 General Girard having been collecting contributions 1st hat, 
 in Spanish Estremadura, Lieut.-General Rowland Hill, 
 with a view of putting a stop to his movements, broke 
 up his cantonments at Portalegre upon the 22d of 
 October, proceeding by Albuquerque and Malpartida. 
 On the 27th, when within a moderate march of the 
 enemy at Arroyo-del- Molinos, Lieut.-General Hill 
 halted his troops, and, at night, breaking up his bivouac, 
 made a flank movement close to the road by which the 
 French intended to march on the following morning. 
 In that position he awaited the approach of day, when, 
 on the 28th of October, the British marched directly 
 on the rear of the town with such celerity that the 
 cavalry piquets were rushed upon before they had time 
 to mount. The French main body, though in the act of 
 filing out, had so little intimation of danger that the 
 officers and men were surrounded before their formation 
 was effected, and to seek safety they individually dis- 
 persed. Many of them were killed, and about 1,400 
 were taken prisoners. All the enemy's artillery and 
 baggage were captured. General Brun and Colonel 
 the Prince of Aremberg, together with several other 
 officers, were among the prisoners. 
 
 In this brilliant affair the Seventy-first was one 
 of the three corps that advanced through the centre of 
 the town, and were, therefore, principally engaged ; but 
 the enemy, from his complete surprise, being unable to 
 make a combined resistance, the British sustained but 
 trifling loss. 
 
 The battalion subsequently returned to Portalegre, 
 where it arrived early in November. 
 
 Lieut-General Hill, on the 7th of November, issued 
 the following General Order: — 
 
 " Portalegre, 1th Nooember 1811. 
 " Lieut.-General Hill has great satisftiction in con- 
 gratulating the troops on the success which has 
 
 F 4 
 
 tt 
 
88 HISTORICAL RECORD OP THE SEVENTY-FIRST 
 
 
 ii 
 
 mi 
 
 B 
 
 \h'- '. 
 
 1811." attended their recent operations in Estremadura, and 
 1st bat" in so doing he cannot but endeavour to do justice to 
 " the merits of those through whose exertions it has 
 " been obtained. A patient willing endurance of forced 
 " and night marches, during the worst of weather and 
 " over bad roads, of bivouacs in wet weather, often- 
 " times without cover and without fire, and a strict 
 " observance of discipline, are qualities, however com- 
 " mon in British soldiers, which the Lieut.-General 
 " cannot pass unnoticed. Having on this occasion 
 " witnessed the exertion of them in no ordinary degree, 
 " he feels that nothing but the most zealous attention 
 " of commanding officers, the goodwill and zealous 
 " spirit of the non-commissioned officers and soldiers, 
 " could produce such an effect, and he requests they 
 ** will, generally and individually, accept his warmest 
 " thanks, particularly those corps which were engaged 
 " in the action of Arroyo-del-Molinos, whose silent 
 " attention to orders, when preparing to attack, and 
 " when manoeuvring before the enemy, could not but 
 " excite his notice, and give them an additional claim 
 « on him." 
 
 Letters from the Secretary of State, dated the 2d, 
 and from His Royal Highness the Duke of York, 
 Commander-in-Chief, dated the 6th December, were 
 promulgated, expressive of His Royal Highness the 
 Prince Regent's approbation and thanks to Lieut.- 
 General Hill, and the troops under his command, for 
 their brilliant operations on the recent expedition in 
 Spanish Estremadura, in having totally surprised and 
 defeated the enemy under General Girard. 
 
 Viscount Wellington having made preparations for 
 the recapture of Ciudad Rodrigo, concentrated the main 
 body of the army in that neighbourhood, and the troops 
 under Lieut.-General Hill were therefore ordered to 
 divert the enemy's attention in the south. 
 
 The first battalion of the Seventt-first remained 
 
BEGIMENT, HIGHLAND LIGHT INFANTRY. 89 
 
 at Portalegre until the 25th of December, when the 1811. 
 brigade moved into Estremadura for the purpose of^stbat 
 expelling the French, who were ravaging the country. 
 After the performance of this duty, the battalion 
 returned to its former quarters at Portalegre in 
 February 1812. 
 
 Upon the 19th of March 1812, the battalion moved 1812. 
 northward to Castello Branco, where it remained for 
 about a week, and afterwards returned for the last time 
 to Portalegre. 
 
 The Earl of Wellington having made arrangements 
 for the third siege of Badajoz, Lieutenant-General Sir 
 Howland Hill's* corps was destined to cover liis move- 
 ments, and with that view proceeded on the 21st of 
 March towards Merida, and afterwards to Don Benito, 
 where the troops remained for a few days ; but upon 
 the approach of Marshal Soult with a large army, with 
 the intention of raising the siege, Lieut.-General Hill 
 retired upon Albuhera, through Arroyo de San Servan 
 and Talavera Keal. 
 
 Badajoz having been assaulted and carried by the 
 troops under the Earl of Wellington on the Ight of 
 the 6th of April, after a sanguinary conflict, the move- 
 ment of Marshal Soult was rendered nugatory, and the 
 troops under his orders retired into Andalusia. 
 
 Marshal Marmont having, during the progress of 
 the siege, penetrated into the province of Beira, and 
 threatened Ciudad Rodrigo and Almeida, the Earl of 
 Wellington, after the fall of Badajoz, crossed the Tagus, 
 leaving: Sir Rowland Hill's force to watch Marshal 
 Soult, wliich took post at Almendralejos for that pur- 
 pose. 
 
 The battalion was stationed at this town from the 
 13th of April until the 11th of May. It having then 
 
 * Lieut-General Rowland Hill was appointed a Knight of the Order 
 of the Bath on the 22d of February lb 12. 
 
90 HISTORICAL BECORD OF THE SEVENTT-FIRST 
 
 ■ 1 :.-• 
 
 m 
 
 1812. become expedient to render the communications between 
 1st bat. the French armies on the north and south of the Tagus 
 as precarious as possible, by the destruction of the 
 bridge of boats at Almaraz, the corps under Lieut.- 
 General Sir Eowland Hill, being the most disposable 
 and convenient force, was accordingly ordered on this 
 .J . f- important service. 
 
 The French, feeling the importance of this bridge to 
 their mutual strength and security, liad surrounded 
 it on both sides of the river with formidable enclosed 
 works, having in the interior of them casemated and 
 loop-holed towers. The troops appointed for these 
 strong works, consequently, anticipated an arduous 
 struggle. 
 
 Upon the 12th of May the corps broke up from 
 Almendralejos, and marching by Truxillo and Jaraicejo, 
 reached on the 18 th of that month the sierra, five miles 
 from Almaraz, on which stands the Cnatle of Mirabete. 
 This post was so strongly fortified that it blocked up 
 the only road to Almaraz for the passage of artillery, 
 which was considered by the enemy absolutely necessary 
 for the destruction of the works. Sir Rowland Hill 
 thought otherwise ; and ascertaining that infantry could 
 cross the sierra by a track through Roman Gordo, he 
 left his artillery, and descended at night with a column 
 of 2,000 men. The lending company arrived at dawn 
 of day close to the principal fort, built on a height a 
 few hundred yards in front of the tSte-de-pont ; but such 
 were the difficulties of the road that a considerable time 
 elapsed before the rear closed, during which the troops 
 were fortunately sheltered by a ravine, unseen by the 
 enemy. 
 
 On the 19th of May the fiftieth regiment and the left 
 wing of the Seventy-first, having been provided 
 with ladders, were appointed to escalade the works of 
 Fort Napoleon, supported by the right wing of the 
 Sevunty-firsTi and the ninety-second regiment. 
 
BEGIMENT, HIGHLAND LIGHT INFANTRY. 91 
 
 From a feint made upon Mirabete, the French were 1812. 
 aware that an enemy was in the neighbourhood. The 1st bat 
 garrison was on the alert ; immediately opened a heavy 
 fire, and vigorously resisted the eiForts made to push 
 up the scarp ; but the moment the first men gained a 
 footing on the parapet the enemy took to flight. The 
 whole of this brilliant affair was completed in the short 
 space of fifteen minutes, and with little loss. 
 
 The Seventy-first had Captain Lewis Grant, with 
 one Serjeant and seven rank and file, killed ; Lieutenants 
 William Lockwood and Donald lloss, three Serjeants, 
 and twenty-nine rank and file were wounded. 
 
 The names of thirty-six non-commissioned officers 
 and soldiers of the Seventy-first were inserted in 
 regimental orders for conspicuous bravery upon this 
 occasion, and the Royal authority was subsequently 
 granted for the word " Almaraz " to be borne on the 
 regimental colour and appointments.* 
 
 The following orders were issued upon this occasion : — 
 
 " Bivouac^ near Fort Napoleon^ 
 " Brigade Oeder. " 19th May 1812. ' 
 
 *' Major-General Howard cannot delay expressing his 
 warmest acknowledgments to Lieut.-Colonel Stewart 
 and Major Harrison, of the fiftieth regiment, and 
 Major Cother of the Seventy-first regiment, who 
 commanded the three columns of attack this morning 
 on Fort Napoleon and the works on the Tagus, for 
 the gallant and distinguished manner in which they 
 led the columns intrusted to them, as well as to all 
 the other officers, non-commisfioncd officers and pri- 
 vates, for their bravery and good conduct, which pro- 
 
 * When Liuut.-Oencral Sir Rowland Hill wan created a Pet-r in May 
 1814, bis title was connecli'd with the gallant aflFair above recorded, as he 
 was styled Haron Hill of Alniaraas, and of Hawkstone, in the county of 
 Salop, 
 
n 
 
 p. 
 
 (t 
 
 it 
 
 il* ^1 
 
 92 HISTORICAL SECOSD OF THE SEVENTY-FIRST 
 
 1812." duced the brilliant result of the capture of the works 
 Istbat. " in question." 
 
 *' Truxillo, May 22nd, 1812. 
 " General Order. 
 
 " Lieut.-General Sir Rowland Hill congratulates 
 " the troops on the success which has attended their 
 " exertions in the present expedition. Every object 
 ** for which it was undertaken has been attained, and in 
 " the manner most desirable and effectual. It is highly 
 " gratifying to the Lieut.-General to report on this 
 " occasion his admiration of the discipline and the valour 
 
 of the troops under his command. The chance of war 
 
 gave to the fiftieth and Seventy-first regiments the 
 ** most conspicuous share in these events, who nobly 
 " profited by the opportunity ; but the Lieut.-General 
 " is satisfied that the same zeal and the same spirit 
 " would have been found in every corps if there had 
 " been occasion for bringing them into play. 
 
 " The Lieut.-General has not failed to report to his 
 " Excellency the Commander of the Forces the parti- 
 " culars of this brilliant service, and the good conduct 
 *• of all those concerned in it. He will therefore not 
 " say more at present than to express his warmest 
 " thanks for the assistance which he has received from 
 " all ranks ; and he is confident, when it shall again be 
 " his good fortune to lead them against the enemy, he 
 " shall have to report conduct equally honorable to 
 " them, and equally advantageous to their country." 
 
 The bridge and works in the neighbourhood of 
 Almaraz having been completely destroyed, the 
 Seventy-first returned to Truxillo, where they 
 remained a few days, then moved to Mcrida, and after- 
 wards to Ahiicndralejos. Lieut.-General Sir llowland 
 Hill's force having received orders to make a diversion 
 in the south, while the main army was moving north- 
 ward on Salamancot the battalion again moved from 
 
BEOIMENT, HIGHLAND LIGHT INFANTRY. 93 
 
 Alraendralejos to the borders of Andalusia, through 1812. 
 Llerena. On this march tho advanced parties of 1st bat. 
 cavalry were constantly skirmishing with the enemy, 
 but the SuvENTY-FiRST were not engaged. 
 
 From Llercim the battalion returned to Zafra, where, 
 after a whort halt, it proceeded to Villa Franca, and 
 finally to Don Benito. In these marches through 
 Estrcniadiu'ii tho weather was oppressively hot, and, 
 joined to tho clouds of dust raised by the troops, was 
 so fatiguing that it was considered expedient at one 
 time to move by night, and thus these inconveniences 
 were alleviated. 
 
 While the force under Lieut. -General Sir Rowland 
 Hill had ))een thus employed, the allied army under the 
 Earl of Wellington had gained a victory on the 22d of 
 July over tho French at Salamanca, for which he was 
 advanced to the dignity of marquis. 
 
 From Don Benito tho battalion moved upon the 
 13th of September, and passing through Truxillo, 
 Talavcrn, and Toledo, arrived at Aranjuez upon the 1st 
 of October, from which place, after a halt of three 
 weeks, it moved to Ponte Duenna, further up the 
 Tagus. 
 
 The sudden approach of the united armies of Marshals 
 Soult and Suohot rendered a speedy retreat necessary, 
 and the division accordingly retired from Ponte Duenna 
 in the night of tho 28th of October, moving to form a 
 junction with the army of the Marquis of Wellington, 
 who had now relinquinhed tlic siege of Burgos. Near 
 Madrid t!io division halted for a short period, when, 
 being joined by tho garrison of that city, the troops 
 retired leiHurely by the Guadarama Pass on Alba do 
 Tormes. This town tho Seventy-fiust occupied 
 from the 7tli to tlic 1.3th of November, and durinar 
 that period sustained a loss in action with the enemy 
 of one Serjeant and nix rank and file killed; one bugler 
 and five rank aud file wounded. 
 
94 HISTORICAL BECOBD OF THE SEVENTY-PIKST 
 
 
 1812. The army having received orders to retire on For- 
 est bat tugul, the battalion abandoned this post, arriving at 
 
 Coria upon the 1st of December, where the retreat 
 terminated. In this quarter the Seventy-first con- 
 tinued until the 13th of December, at which time they 
 were pushed forward to Puerto de Bannos, where they 
 were joined by a draft of 150 men from the second 
 battalion. 
 
 1813, While stationed at this post, an attempt was made, in 
 February 1813, by the French, to surprise Bejar, then 
 occupied by the fiftieth regiment. The Seventy- 
 first were ordered forward to support, but previously 
 to their arrival that brave regiment had driven back the 
 enemy, and completely foiled his efforts. 
 
 2d bat. On the 18th of March 1813, the second battalion of 
 the Seventy-first embarked at Gravesend for North 
 Britain, and arrived at Leith on the 23d of that month. 
 
 1st bat. Upon the 5th of April the Seventy-first changed 
 quarters with the fiftieth regiment, and continued to 
 occupy Bejar until the 2l8t of May, at which period 
 the army broke up from its winter cantonments for 
 active operations. The battalion on its advance moved 
 by Salamanca and Toro, and encamped at La Puebla 
 on the 20th of June, the evening before the memorable 
 battle of Vittoria, 
 
 Upon the morning of the 2l8t of June, the two 
 armies being in position, the Seventy-first were 
 ordered to ascend the heights of La Puebla, to support 
 the Spanish forces under General Morillo. They ac- 
 cordingly advanced in open column, and liaving formed 
 line, v/erc immediately hotly engaged with the enemy, 
 and upon this occasion suffered an irreparable loss in the 
 fall of their Conmianding Officer the Honorable Colonel 
 Henry Cadogan, who fell mortally wounded while 
 leading his men to the charge, and being unable to 
 accompany the battalion, requested to be carried to a 
 neighbouring eminence, from which he might take a 
 
■ :■' !■ 
 
 : REGIMENT, HIGHLAND LIGHT INFANTRY, 96 
 
 last farewell of them and the field. In his dying 18 13. 
 moments he earnestly inquired if the French were ist bat. 
 beaten ; and on being told by an oflficer of the regiment, 
 who stood by supporting him, that they had given way 
 at all points, he ejaculated, " God bless my brave 
 countrymen " and immediately expired.* 
 
 While recording the deep sense of sorrow wliich the 
 SEVENTr-FiRST experienced in the demise of a com- 
 manding officer who had so often fought at then* head, 
 and whose devoted gallantry had so frequently called 
 forth their admiration, it is but a meet tribute to the 
 memory of that brave spirit to extract from the des- 
 patch of the Marquis of Wellington the following 
 expressions of his lordship's regret at liis loss : 
 
 " And I am concerned to report that the Honorable 
 " Lieut.-Colonel Cadogan has died of a wound which 
 " he received. In him His Majesty has lost an officer 
 " of great zeal and tried gallantry, who had already 
 " acquired the respect and regard of the whole profes- 
 " sion, and of whom it might be expected, that if he 
 " hud lived he would have rendered the most important 
 " services to his country." 
 
 After the fall of the Lieut.-Colonel, the Sj:venty- 
 FIR8T continued advancing, and driving the enemy 
 from the heights, until the force which was opposed to 
 them became so unequal, and the loss of the battalion 
 80 severe, that it was obliged to retire upon the 
 remainder of the brigade. In the performance of this 
 arduous duty the battalion suffered very severely, 
 having had one field officer, one captain, two lieu- 
 tenants, six Serjeants, one bugler, and seventy-eight rank 
 and file killed ; one field officer, three captains, seven 
 lieutenants, thirteen Serjeants, two buglers, and two 
 hundred and fifty-five rank and file were wounded. 
 
 ♦ The officers of the Sevknty-fiust regiment, to mark their admira- 
 tion and esteem for this distinguished officer, had a monument erected tn 
 his memory. 
 
96 HISTORICAL BECOBD OP THE SEVENTY-FIK8T 
 
 1813. The officers killed were Colonel the Honorable Henry 
 i8t bat Cadogan, Captain Henry Hall, Lieutenants Humphrey 
 Fox and Colin Mackenzie. Those wounded were Brevet 
 Lieut.-Colonel Charles Cother, Captains Samuel Reed, 
 Joseph Thomas Pidgeon, William Alexander Grant, 
 Lieutenants Alexander Duff, Loftus Richards, John 
 M*'Intyre, Charles Cox, William Torriano, Noiman 
 Campbell, and Thomas Commeline. 
 
 On this occasion the French suffered a great loss of 
 men, together with all their artillery, baggage, and 
 stores. King Joseph, whose carriage and court equi- 
 page was seized, had barely time to escape on horse- 
 back. The defeat was the most complete that the 
 French had sustained in the Peninsula. It was tliis 
 victory which gained a b^ton for the Marquis of 
 Wellington, who was appointed a Field Marshal. In 
 a most flattering letter, the Prince Regent, in the name 
 and behalf of His Majesty, thus conferred the honor : 
 " You have sent me among the trophies of your un- 
 " rivalled fame the staff of a French Marshal, and I 
 " send you in return that of England." This was in 
 allusion to the baton of Marshal Jourdan, which was 
 taken by the eighty-seventh regiment at Vittoria. 
 
 The Seventy-first subsequently received the 
 Royal authority to bear the word " Vittoria " on the 
 regimental colour and appointments, in commemoration 
 of this signal victory. 
 
 When the Seventy-first paraded on the morning 
 of the 22d of June, the dreadful havoc made by the 
 tiction of the preceding day became painfully manifest, 
 and an universal gloom was thrown over all, at missing 
 from their ranks nearly four hundred brave comrades 
 who had been either killed or wounded on the heights 
 of La Puebla. 
 
 The enemy, having been completely beaten at all 
 points, was forced to retreat in confusion on Pampeluna, 
 and the British army immediately followed in pursuit. 
 
REGIMENT, HIGHLAND LIGHT INFANTRY. 97 
 
 The battalion in thia advance arrived at Pampeluna on 1813. 
 the 29th of June, and shortly afterwards followed, asistbat. 
 part of Sir Rowland Hill's army, a large force of the 
 enemy, who were retreating into France by the valley 
 of Bastan. During this forward movement the 
 Seventy-first had some skirmishing in the valley 
 of Eh'zondo, but without loss. Upon the 8th of July 
 the Seventy-first arrived at the heights of Maya, 
 from whence, for the first time, they had the cheering 
 prospect of beholding the empire of France extended 
 before them in all its fertile beauty. Joy was diffused 
 through every heart ; every trial and danger were for- 
 gotten while viewing this splendid and gratifying sight. 
 Upon these heights the battalion was encamped until 
 the 25th of July. 
 
 Marshal Soult having been selected by Napoleon 
 for the command of the French army in Spain, with 
 the rank of " Lieutenant of the Emperor," that officer 
 used the most active exertions for its re-organization, 
 and made immediate arrangements for forcing the 
 British position in the Pyrenees. With this view he 
 advanced in person with a large force against the right, 
 stationed at Roncesvalles, and detached Count D'Erlon 
 with about thirteen thousand men to attack the position 
 of Maya. 
 
 The Count D'Erlon, upon the 25th of July, advanced 
 against the right of the Maya heights, where the 
 ridges of the mountains branched off towards his camp. 
 Tac force at this point was not sufficient to resist such 
 formidable numbers, and the reserve being posted at 
 some distance to watch passes of importance, which 
 could not bo left wholly unguarded, was brought up 
 by battalions as the pressure increased. 
 
 The intrepidity with which these attacks were met, 
 and the obstinate bravery with which every inch of 
 ground was disputed, were obliged at last to yield to 
 overwhelming numbers ; but although the troops were 
 
 o 
 
98 HISTORICAL RECORD OF THE SEVENTY-FIRST 
 
 
 M 
 
 1813.forced to retrograde, yet in their retreat they took 
 • l8t bat advantage of every rising ground, and disputed it with 
 the utmost tenacity. At the commencement of this 
 attack a part of the first battalion of the Seventy- 
 first regiment was detached to a neighbouring high 
 peak, under the command of Major William Fitzgerald 
 of the eighty-second regiment, and was strengthened 
 by a company of that gallant corps. Lieut. -General the 
 Honorable Sir William Stewart, in his report to Lieut.- 
 General Sir Rowland Hill, thus expressed himself 
 respecting these men : — " I cannot too warmly praise 
 " the conduct of that field officer (Major Fitzgerald) 
 " and that of his brave detachment. They maintained 
 " the position to the last ; and were compelled, from 
 " the want of ammunition, to impede the enemy's 
 " occupation of the rock by hurling stones at them." 
 
 In another part of this communication, the Lieut.- 
 General thus alluded to the eighty-second regiment 
 and to the first brigade, which was composed of the 
 fiftieth, Seventy-first, and ninety-second regiments : 
 
 ** I feel it my duty to recommend to your attention, 
 " and favourable report to the Commander of the 
 " Forces, the conduct and spirit of Colonel Grant, 
 " and of his brave corps, the eighty-second regiment ; 
 " also the whole of the first brigade, than which His 
 " Majesty's army possesses not men of more proved 
 " discipline and courage. The wounds of him, and 
 " every commanding officer in that brigade, were at- 
 " tended with circumstances of peculiar honor to each 
 " of them, and to those under their orders." 
 
 The following is a list of the killed and wounded in 
 the action of the 25th of July, as nearly as could be 
 ascertained : — Three Serjeants and fifty-four rank and 
 file killed ; six Serjeants, one bugler, and seventy -six 
 rank and file wounded. 
 
 The Seventy-first continued retiring until the 
 30th, when Lieut.-Genera) Sir Rowland Hill took up 
 
^ BEGIMENT, HIGHLAND LIGHT INFANTRY. 99 
 
 a strong position beyond Lizasso. In this post they 1813. 
 were attacked with much spirit by the enemy, who, at 1st bat. 
 the same time, by manoeuvring on the left flank, ren- 
 dered neces ..-/ a change of position to a range of 
 heights near Eguaros, which all the efforts of the 
 French failed to carry. Upon this occasion the 
 Seventy-first were seriously engaged, and had one 
 Serjeant and twenty-three rank and file killed; two 
 Serjeants, one bugler, and thirty-three rank and file 
 were wounded. 
 
 • The enemy having been foiled in all the objects of 
 his attacks, found it necessary, in his turn, to retreat, 
 moving on the 3 1st of July by the pass of Dona Marian 
 where he left a strong corps in an excellent position. 
 This force was immediately attacked by the columns 
 of Lieut.-Generals Sir Rowland Hill and the Earl of 
 Dalhousie, and dislodged, after a gaHant resistance. 
 In the action of this day the first brigade, consisting 
 of the fiftieth. Seventy-first, and ninety-second 
 regiments, had the honor of bearing its share, and of 
 distinguishing itself. The Seventy-first had one 
 Serjeant and twenty-nine rank and file killed; two 
 Serjeants and forty-five rank and file were wounded, i 
 
 The battalion now returned to the heights of Maya, 
 from whence, after a halt of a few days, it moved to 
 Roncesvalles. 
 
 Previously to this change of quarters, an order was 
 issued by Lieut.-General Sir Rowland Hill, relative to 
 
 • the conduct of the troops in the actions of the Pyrenees, 
 of which the following is a copy : — - ^ ,'i>j 
 
 " Arrizi, August '6rd, 1813. 
 " General Order. 
 
 " Lieut.-General Sir Rowland Hill requests that the 
 " officers, non-commissioned officers, and privates of the 
 " corps of the army under liis command will accept 
 
 liis best thanks for the gallant conduct they have 
 
 o 2 
 
 (( 
 
100 HISTORICAL BECOBD OF THE SEVENTY-FIRST 
 
 
 1 1' 
 
 1 
 
 
 1 
 
 : v.. 
 
 1 
 
 H' 
 
 1 
 
 
 1 
 
 1813." displayed during the late active and interesting 
 Istbat.** operations. 
 
 *' The chance of service has placed the troops under 
 " his command in situations where they were exposed 
 " to an immense superiority of forces, a circumstance 
 " unavoidahle in operations so extensive as those in 
 " which this army has been engaged ; and it has at all 
 " times been necessary to cede ground to the enemy. 
 " The Lieut.-General, however, has the satisfaction of 
 " knowing that the troops have on every occasion 
 *' maintained their high character ; that they have 
 ** only withdrawn from their positions by superior 
 " orders, and then it has been invariably attended with 
 " circumstances highly creditable to them. The Lieut.- 
 " General has not failed to report to the Commander 
 " of the Forces the details of the several affairs in 
 *' which the corps have been engaged, and he knows 
 " that their services are duly appreciated by his 
 " Excellency." 
 
 The royal authority was subsequently granted to 
 the Seventy-first to bear the word " Pyrenees " 
 on the regimental colour and appointments, in com- 
 memoration of the services of the first battalion in the 
 actions of the 25ta, 30th, and 3l8t of July, which have 
 been designated the " Battles of the Pyrenees^ 
 
 In these actions the Seventy-first had Lieutenant 
 Alexander Duff killed; Major Maxwell Mackenzie, 
 Captains Leslie Walker and Alexander Grant, Lieu- 
 tenants Thomas Park, John Roberts, William Wool- 
 combe, William Peacocke, and Anthony Pack wounded. 
 
 The following " Morning Reports " of the 14th of 
 June and 7 th of August, the former being prior to the 
 battle of Vittoria, and the latter a few days subsequent 
 to the actions in the Pyrenees, will show how the ranks 
 of the Seventy-first were thinned within a period 
 of less than two months. 
 
REGIMENT, HIGHLAND LIGHT INFANTRY. 101 
 
 Sergts. Buglers. ^"^a,1813. 
 14th June 1813, present and ^ -. „. o^g ^'*^*- 
 
 fit for duty - - - J 
 7th August 1813 Ditto 21 15 356 
 
 Decrease 
 
 33 
 
 553 
 
 For nearly three months the battalion was encamped 
 on the heights of Roncesvalles, during which period 
 St. Sebastian and Pampeluna were captured. The 
 men were principally employed during this interval in 
 the construction of block-houses and batteries, and the 
 formation of roads for the artillery. 
 
 In the early part of the season the neighbouring 
 heights of Altobispo were occupied weekly by the bri- 
 gades of the division ; but as the cold increased with 
 the high Avinds, the piquets alone were appointed for 
 this duty. Such was the inclemency of the weather, 
 and natural advantages of this position, that it was 
 scarcely thought that the enemy would attempt an 
 attack. This opinion, however, was ill founded, as 
 upon the night of the 11th of October an attempt was 
 made by a strong party upon the advance, composed of 
 fifteen men of the Seventy-first, under Serjeant 
 James Ross. Instead of flinching from an unequal 
 contest, this small band, relying upon the strength of 
 the position, and being, moreover, favored by the 
 darkness, which concealed its strength, maintained its 
 ground, and forced the enemy to retire. The bravery 
 of this party called forth high encomiums from Lieut.- 
 General the Honorable Sir William Stewart, com- 
 manding the division, and at his request the soldiers 
 composing it were all presented with medals. 
 
 On the 8th of November the division was again in 
 motion, for the purpose of entering the French terri- 
 tory; and on the 9th of that month it bivouacked near 
 the heights of Maya, where orders were received to 
 
 G 3 
 
102 HISTORICAL BECOBD OF THE SEYENTT-FIBST 
 
 iv 
 
 js- 
 
 18 13. march as light as possible. The heights were passed 
 l«t bat. that night by moonlight, for the purpose of joining the 
 grand army ; but the march over bad roads was so 
 fatiguing that when the brigade arrived in position on 
 the Nivelle it was not called upon to take an active 
 part in the gloi'ious proceedings of the rest of the army 
 on the 10th of November, in forcing the French from 
 their fortified position on that river. 
 
 After the battle of the Nivelle, the battalion marched 
 in the direction of Cambo, on the Nive, where some 
 smart skirmishing occurred, in which two men were 
 killed, and four Serjeants, one bugler, and forty-one 
 rank and file wounded. When the French crossed to 
 the right bank, the Seventy-first occupied part of 
 the town of Cambo. . ^ i 
 
 The battalion remained in Cambo for nearly a month, 
 and was here joined by a detachment of four Serjeants 
 and eighty-two rank and file, under the command of 
 Lieutenant Charles Henderson, from the second bat- 
 talion, at this period stationed at Glasgow. ^ •• 
 
 On the 9th of December the first battalion was en- 
 gaged in the passage of the Nive. The left wing of the 
 Seventy-first entered the river, supported by the 
 fire of the right, and reached the opposite bank without 
 experiencing any loss. 
 
 The enemy noAv retired within Bayonne, and ^e 
 corps of Lieut.-General Sir RoAvland Hill was esta- 
 blished with its right on the Adour, the left above the 
 Nive, and the centre at St. Ptfrre, across the high road 
 to St. Jean Pied-de-Port. '^ ''-'•* - ' '• 
 
 In this disposition the second division, of which the 
 Seventy-first formed part, was placed at St, Pierre. 
 Marshal Soult having completely failed in an attempt 
 which he made against the left of tl army, moved 
 with his whole force against Sir RowL i Hill's corps, 
 with the expectation of overwhelming him before he 
 could be supported. 
 
REGIMENT, HIGHLAND LIGHT INFANTRY. 103 
 
 • The enemy came on with great boldness upon the 1813. 
 13th of December, and made vigorous efforts against ist bat. 
 the centre, which he repeatedly attacked ; but at last, 
 finding his most earnest endeavours fruitless, he drew 
 off. In the action of this day the loss of the first bat- 
 talion of the Seventy-first regiment was veiy severe, 
 having been placed close to the main road, against which 
 the French made such formidable and repeated attacks. 
 
 ■ Brevet Lieut.-Colonel Maxwell Mackenzie, and 
 Lieutenants William Campbell and Charles Henderson, 
 together with two Serjeants, one bugler, and twenty- 
 three rank and file were killed. Captains Robert 
 Barclay and William Alexander Grant, and Lieu- 
 tenants John M'^Intyre and William Torriano, with 
 thirty-seven rank and file, were wounded. 
 
 The following short but highly expressive Division 
 Order was issued by Lieutenant General the Honor- 
 able Sh- William Stewart, KB. : 
 
 ■,-.j ''..,. I \ , ,;■ v.iJ 
 ; . . " Head- Quarters, near Petite Mogtierre, 
 
 « Decemhfr l^th, 1813. 
 " The second division has greatly distinguished itself, 
 " and its gallantry in yesterday's action is avowed 
 "by * ^ Commander of the Forces and the allied 
 
 (( 
 
 anuy. 
 
 In commemoration of these services, the Seventy- 
 first subsequently received the Royal authority to 
 bear the word " Nive " on the regimental colour and 
 appointments. ,<; 
 
 The battalion marched on the 19tli of December to 
 Urcuit, and to Urt upon the 28th of that month. A 
 small piquet of the Seventy first, under the com- 
 mand of Corporal Dogherty, here distinguished itself, 
 by beating off an enemy's party of nearly treble its 
 strength. 
 
 While stationed in this quarter, the companies were 1814. 
 frequently engaged in skirmishes with the enemy, 
 
 G 4 
 
 
 M 
 
\v ^ 
 
 104 HISTOBICAL BECORD OF THE SEVENTY-FIBST 
 
 18 14. particularly at St. Hellette, lieights of Garris, and 
 iBtbat St. Palais, in the month of January 1814. 
 
 In the beginning of February the battalion marched 
 from Urt, and during its advance had frequent skir- 
 mishes with the enemy's rear-guard. 
 
 On the 26th of February the battalion was in action 
 at Sauveterre, and upon the 27th had the honor of par- 
 ticipating in the battle of Ortlies. 
 
 In commemoration of this victory the Seventy- 
 first afterwards received the Royal authority to 
 bear the word " Orthes " on the regimental colour 
 and appointments. 
 
 Two divisions of the French army having retired to 
 Aire, after the action of the 27th of February, Lieut.- 
 General Sir Rowland Hill moved upon that town to 
 dislodge them. Upon the 2d of March the French 
 were found strongly posted upon a ridge of hills, ex- 
 tending across the great road in front of the town, 
 having their right on the Adour. The second division 
 attacked them along the road, seconded by a Portuguese 
 br'gade, and drove them from their position, in gallant 
 style. Lieutenant James Anderson and seventeen 
 rank and file were killed ; Lieutenant Henry Frede- 
 rick Lockyer, one serjeant, and nineteen rank and file, 
 were wounded. 
 
 A detachment from the second battalion, consisting of 
 one captain, four subalterns, and a hundred and thirty- 
 four rank and file, under the conuuand of Major Arthur 
 Jones, joined at Aire. 
 
 On the 25th of March part of the battalion was 
 engnged in an affair at Tarhes, in which Lieutenant 
 Robert Law was wounded, and upon the 10th of April 
 was in position at Toulouse, where some of the companies 
 were employed skirmishing, and sustained a loss of one 
 Serjeant and throe rank and file killed ; six rank and 
 file were wounded. 
 
 During the night of the Uth of April the French 
 
RCQIMENT, HIGHLAND LIGHT INFANTRT. 105 
 
 troops evacuated Toulouse, and a white flag was hoisted. 1814. 
 On the following day the Marquis of Wellington entered istbat. 
 the city, amidst the acclamations of the inhabitants. 
 In the course of the afternoon of the 12th of April 
 intelligence was received of the abdication of Napoleon, 
 and had not the express been delayed on the journey 
 by the French police the sacrifice of many valuable 
 lives would have been prevented. 
 
 A disbelief in the truth of this intelligence occa- 
 sioned much unnecessary bloodshed at Bayonne, the 
 garrison of which made a desperate sortie on the 14th 
 of April, and Lieutenant Sir John Hope (afterwards 
 Earl of Hopetoun) was taken prisoner. Major-General 
 Andrew Hay was killed, and Major-Gcneral Stopford 
 was wounded. 
 
 A treaty of peace was established between Great 
 Britain and France ; Louis XVIII. was restored to the 
 throne of France ; and Napoleon Bonupartc was per- 
 mitted to reside at Elba, the ^sovereignty of that island 
 having been conceded to him by the allied powers. 
 
 Tlic war being ended, the first battalion of the 
 Seventy-first regiment marched from Toulouse to 
 Blanchfort, where it was encomped for sixteen days, 
 and afterwards proceeded to Pouillac, where it em- 
 barked on the 15th of July for England, on board of His 
 Majesty's ship " Sultan," ot seventy-four guns. 
 
 Prior to the breaking up of the Peninsular army, 
 the Duke of Vrellington issued the following General 
 Order : — 
 
 €t n....^^., r\^^^^ " Dordeauxy \Atk June 1814. 
 " General Order. ' 
 
 " The Commander of the Forces, being upon the 
 " point of returning to England, again takes this oppor- 
 " tunity of congratulating the army upon the recent 
 " events which Imve restored peace to their country 
 " and to the world. 
 
 " The share which the British ormy have had in 
 " producing those events, and the high character with 
 
 i 1 
 
106 HISTORICAL RECORD OF THE SEVENTT-FIRST 
 
 
 fl- 5' 
 
 \n ■ ■■ 
 * ' ■"•I 
 
 1814." which the army will quit this countiy, must be 
 
 i^tbat" equally satisfactory to every individual belonging 
 
 " to it, as they are to the Commander of the Forces, and 
 
 " he trusts that the troops will continue the same good 
 
 ** conduct to the last. * • .• 5 ? 
 
 " The Commander of the Forces once more requests 
 
 " the army to accept his thanks. ? i 
 
 " Although circumstances may alter the relations 
 
 *' in which he has stood towards them for some years 
 
 " so much to his satisfaction, he assures them he will 
 
 " never cease to feel the Avaimest interest in their 
 
 " welfare and honor, and that he will be at all times 
 
 " happy to be of any service to *^ose to whose 
 
 " conduct, discipline, and gallantry their country is so 
 
 " much indebted." 
 
 In addition to the other distinctions acquired during 
 the war in Spain, Portugal, and the south of France, 
 the Seventy-fiust subsequently received the Royal 
 authority to bear the word " Peninsula " on the 
 regimental colour and appointments. 
 
 The first battalion arrived at Cork on the 28th of 
 July, and marched to Mallow, where it remained for 
 a few days. On the 4th of August the battalion 
 marched to Limerick, where Colonel Rcynell assumed 
 the command of it in December, and in which city it 
 continued to be quartered during the remainder of the 
 year, 
 id bat. The second battalion remained stationed in North 
 
 Britain. 
 1815. In January 1815, the first battalion of the Seventy- 
 iBtbnt. FIU8T regiment marched from Limerick to Cork, and 
 embarked as part of rn expedition under orders for North 
 America. Peace having been concluded with the United 
 States, and contrary winds having prevented the sailing 
 of the vessels, the destination of the battalion Wtt8 
 changed, and subsequent events occasioned its being em- 
 ployed against its former opponents. The tranquillity 
 which Europe appeared to have gained by the Bplen- 
 
BEGIMENT, HIGHLAND LIGHT INFANTRY. 107 
 
 did successes over the French in the Peninsula was 1815. 
 again to be disturbed. Napoleon, who had been ac- tbat. 
 customed to imperial sway, was naturally discontented 
 with his small sovereignty of Elba. Besides, the cor- 
 respondence kej)t up by him with his adherents in 
 France gave him hopes of regaining his former power, 
 which were, for a short time, fully realized. Napoleon 
 Bonaparte lauded at C'annes, in Provence, on the 1st 
 of March 1815, with a small body of men, and on the 
 20th of that month entered Paris at the head of an 
 army which hud joined him on the road. This could not 
 be matter of wonder, for the officers and soldiers had 
 won their fame under his command^ and gladly wel- 
 comed their fonner loader, under Avhom they probably 
 expected t.> acquire fresh honors, Avhich might cancel 
 the memory of the defeats sustained in the Peninsula. 
 
 Louis XVIII., unable to stem the torrent, withdrew 
 from Piu'is to Ghent, and Napoleon resumed his former 
 dignity of EmiJcror of the French. This assumption 
 the allied powers determined not to acknowledge, and 
 resolved to deprive him of his sovereignty, smd again 
 restore the ancient dynasty. 
 
 The first battalion of the Seventy-fiust, in con- 
 sequence of these occurrences, proceeded to the Downs, 
 and was there trnnshipped into small craft, which con- 
 veyed it to Ostcnd, where it disembarked on the 22d 
 of April. 
 
 The battalion next proceeded to Ghent, and, after 
 remaining there a week, marched to Leuze, between 
 Ath and Tom*nay, and was subsequently placed in the 
 light ))rigade with the first battalion of the fifty-second, 
 six companies of the second and two companies of the 
 third battalion of the ninety-fifth regiment (Rifics), un- 
 der the conunimd of Mnjor-Generid Frederick Adimi, 
 in the division of Liout.-Gonorid Sir ITonry Clinton.* 
 
 ♦ A lilt of till' llrlti»th nnd Ilnnovorian omiy nt Waterloo, us formed 
 In diviiioni and brigftdci, U Inncrti-d in the Appendix, puge 16C. 
 
 1 1 
 
 '» 
 
 i 
 
108 HISTORICAL BECOBD OF THE SEVENTT-FIBST 
 
 1815. The strength of the origade was as follows :— 
 
 istbat 
 
 it: 
 
 11 t ^ 
 
 iiti 
 
 ! 
 
 
 
 Rank and File. 
 
 52d regt. 
 
 1st bat. 
 
 - 99: 
 
 71st d'.. 
 
 do. 
 
 - 788 
 
 95th do. 
 
 2d bat. Kiflcs - 
 
 - 571 
 
 95th do. 
 
 3d do. do. - 
 Total 
 
 - 185 
 
 
 2,541 
 
 Brevet Colonel Ileynell,afterward3 Lieut.-General Sir 
 Thomas Heynell, commanded the battalion at this period. 
 
 Napoleon resolved on attacking the Allies before 
 their forces ha^i been fully collected, and by well- 
 masked and admirably combined movements, a portion 
 of his army was concentrated on the 14th of June 
 between the Samtre and the Meuse. 
 
 On the morning of the 16th of June, as the battalion 
 was proceeding to the usual exercising ground of the 
 brigade at Leuze, it received orders for an immediate 
 advance upon Nivelleis, where it arrived late that night. 
 On the same day Prince Blucber had been attacked at 
 Ligny, and was forced to retreat vO Wavre. The Duke 
 of Wellington and a portion of his army had been 
 also attacked at Quatre Bras by Marshal Ney, who, 
 however, made no impression upon the British position. 
 
 In the course of the morning of the 17th of June, 
 the Duke of Wellington made a retrogrode movement 
 upon Waterloo, in order to keep up his communication 
 with the Prussians. At day-break on the same morn- 
 ing, the first battalion of the Seventy-firft retired, 
 and broko up its position, "th the rest of the allied 
 army, on the plains in the neighbourhood of Waterloo, 
 being situated to the left and rear of Hougomont. 
 
 The Seveny-fiust, with the rest of the army, bi- 
 vouacked in position during the night of the 17th of 
 June, drenched by tlie rain, which fell heavily. Upon 
 the morning of the memorable 18th of June, the bat- 
 talion stood in open colimm, and in this situation was 
 
/• 
 
 BEOIMENT, HIGHLAND LIGHT INFANTBT. 109 
 
 exposed for some time to a heavy fire of artillery, but 1815. 
 a judicious movement to a short distance alleviated in a ist bat 
 great measure this annoyance. Line was next formed, 
 and about two o'clock the battalion, with the rest of the 
 brigade, advanced, met their opponents in position, 
 charged, and instantly overthrew them. 
 
 A heavy fire now commenced upon the retreating 
 enemy, but the alignement having been completely de- 
 ranged by the impetuosity of the advance. Colonel 
 Reynell, with his usual coolness, proceeded to restore 
 order, and had just completed the dressing of the 
 line when the French cavalry were seen advancing. 
 Square was instantly formed, and the Seventy- 
 first, with the rest of the brigade, sustained a charge 
 from three regiments of French cavalry, namely, one 
 of cuirassiersj one of (/rrnadiers-a~cheval, and one of 
 lancers. 
 
 The charge was made with the most obstinate 
 bravery, but nothing could overcome the steadiness 
 of the British infantry, and after a destructive loss, the 
 French were forced to retire. 
 
 Previously to this advance, the square of the 
 Seventy-first was struck by a round-shot, which 
 killed or wounded an officer and eighteen men of the 
 eighth company. 
 
 About seven o'clock in the evening the left wing 
 of the bpitalion was formed in rear of the right, and, 
 while thus placed, was, with the rest of the division, 
 attacked by a column of the Imperial Guard. These 
 troops were fresh, having been kept in reserve during 
 the day. They were allowed to approach close without 
 molestation, and the regiments tiirovving in a close and 
 well-directed fire, they could not deploy, but broke, 
 and retired in confusion. 
 
 The enemy having now exhausted all his cff()rt8, the 
 British, in their turn, advanced. The Seventy-first, 
 in the first instance, suffered much from the fire of 
 
 ! 
 
 II 
 
 1 
 
 
 
110 HISTORICAL BEGOBD OF THE SEYENTY-FIBST 
 
 < 
 
 m 
 
 
 1815. some guns that raked their front; these were soon 
 l8t bat. silenced, and the battalion was afterwards left unmo- 
 lested. In this advance the light brigade captured 
 several guns. Night closed in fast, and the corps rested 
 after this lengthened and sanguinary encounter, the 
 pursuit of the discomfited enemy being committed to 
 the Prussians, under Marshal Bb.sher, who had arrived 
 on the field of battle. 
 
 The Seventy-first had Brevet Major Edmund 
 L'Estrange ( Aide-de-Camp to Major-General Sir Denis 
 Pack, K.C.B.), and Ensign John Todd, killed. The fol- 
 lowing officers were wounded: the Lieut.-Colonel 
 commanding the battalion, Colonel Thomas Reynell; 
 Brevet Lieut. -Colonel Arthur Jones ; Captains Samuel 
 Reed, Donald Campbell, William Alexander Grant, 
 James Henderson, and Brevet-Major Charles John- 
 stone; Lieutenants Joseph Barrallier, Robert Lind, John 
 Roberts, James Coates, Robert Law, Carique Lewin, 
 and Lieutenant and Adjutant William Anderson. 
 
 Tlie number of Serjeants, buglers, and rank and file 
 killed amounted to twenty-nine ; one hundred and sixty- 
 six were wounded, and thirty-six died of their wounds. 
 
 Both Houses of Parliament, with the greatest enthu- 
 siasm, voted their thanks to the army " for its distin- 
 guished valour at Waterloo." - 
 
 For the share which the battalion had in this glorious 
 victory, the Seventy-first were permitted to bear, 
 in common with the rest of the army engaged upon the 
 18th of June, the word " Waterloo" on the regi- 
 mental colour and appointments. 
 
 The officers and men engaged were presented with 
 silver medals by His Royal Highness the Prince Regent, 
 and were allowed to reckon two years additional service. 
 
 The battalion, with the rest of the anny, afterwards 
 marched towards Paris, and entered that city on the 
 7th of July. The brigade encamped that day in the 
 Champa £li/a6es, near the Place Louis Quinzo, being 
 
BE&lMENTj HIGHLAND LIGHT INFANTRY. Ill 
 
 the only British troops quartered within the barriers, 1815. 
 and continued there until the beginning of November, istbat. 
 when it proceeded to Versailles, and to Viarmes in 
 December. 
 
 Meanwhile Louis XVIII. had entered Paris, and 
 was again reinstated on the throne of his ancestors. 
 Napoleon Bonaparte had surrendered to Captain Mait- 
 land, commanding the "Bellerophon" British ship of 
 war, and the island of St. Helena having been fixed for 
 his residence, he was conveyed thither with a few of his 
 devoted followers. 
 
 On the 24th of December 1815, the second battalion 2d bat 
 of the Seventy-first was disbanded at Glasgow, the 
 effective officers and men being transferred to the first 
 battalion. j • « </ ' 
 
 In January 1816, the Seventy-first marched to 1816 
 the Pas-de-Calais, in which part of France the regiment 
 was cantoned in several villages, having its head-quar- 
 ters at Norrciit Fonte, a village on the high road from 
 Calais to Douay. 
 
 On the 21st of June 1816, the regiment assembled 
 upon the hruyere of Rombly, between the villages of 
 Lingham and Rombly on the one side, and Viterness 
 and Leitre on the other, for the purpose of receiving 
 the medals which had been granted by His Royal 
 Highness the Prince Regent to the officers, nor commis- 
 sioned officers, buglers, and privates, for their services 
 at the battle of Waterloo. 
 
 A hollow square upon the centre was formed on this 
 occasion ; the ranks were opened, and the boxes con- 
 taining the medals were placed within the square. 
 Colonel Reyneli then addressed the regiment in the 
 following minner : 
 
 " Seventy-first 1 ! 
 
 " The deep interest, which you will all give me 
 " credit for feeling, in everything that affects the coqis 
 *' cannot fail to be awakened upon an occasion such as 
 
 \ 
 
112 HISTOBICAL RECORD OF THE SEVENTY-FIRST 
 
 1 
 
 r, •< •, 
 
 I 
 1 
 
 'L 
 
 1^ 
 
 
 
 k. 
 
 t( 
 
 tc 
 
 1816." the present, when holding in my hands, to transfer to 
 istbat." yours, these honorable rewards bestowed by your 
 " Sovereign for your share in the great and glorious 
 " exertions of the army of His Grace the Duke of 
 " Wellington upon the field of Waterloo, when the 
 *' utmost efforts of the army of France, directed by 
 " Napoleon, reputed to be the first captain of the age, 
 " were not only paralyzed at the moment, but blasted 
 " beyond the power of even a second struggle. 
 
 " To have participated in a contest crowned with 
 " victory so decisive, and productive of consequences 
 " that have diffused peace, security, and happiness 
 " throughout Europe, may be to each of you a source 
 " of honorable pride, as well as of gratitude to the 
 
 Omnipotent Arbiter of all human contests, who 
 
 preserved you in such peril, and without whose pro- 
 " tecting hand the battle belongs not to the strong, nor 
 " the race to the swift. 
 
 " I acknowledge to feel an honest, and, I trust, an 
 " excusable, exultation, in having had the honor to 
 " command you on that day ; and in dispensing these 
 " medals, destined to record in your families the share 
 " you had in the ever memorable battle of Waterloo, 
 " it is a peculiar satisfaction to me that I can present 
 " them to those by whom they have been fairly and 
 " honorably earned, and that I can here solemnly 
 " declare, that in the course of that eventful day I did 
 " not observe a soldier of this good regiment whose 
 " conduct was not only creditable to the English 
 " nation, but such as his dearest friends could desire. 
 
 " Under such agreeable reflections, I request you 
 " to accept these medals, and to wear them with 
 " becoming pride, as they are incontestable proofs of a 
 *' faithful discharge of your duty to your King and 
 " your Country. I trust that they will act as powerful 
 " talismans, to keep you, in your future lives, in the 
 
 paths of honor, sobriety, and virtue." 
 
 tt 
 
BEGIMENT, HIGHLAND LIGHT INFANTRY. 113 
 
 At the conclusion of the above address the arms 1816. 
 were presented, " God save the King " was played, and 
 the battalion, by signal, gave three cheers. Colonel 
 Reynell then, from the lists of companies in succession, 
 called over the names of those entitled to receive a 
 medal, and with his own hand placed it in that of the 
 soldier. 
 
 New coloiu*s were presented to the regiment on the 1817. 
 .^3th of January 1817, by Major-General Sir Denia 
 Fack, K.C.B., who made the following address on the . 
 occasion: — 
 
 " Seventy-first Regiment I 
 
 ** Officers, non-commissioned officers, and soldiers, it 
 ** affi^rds me the greatest satisfaction, at the request of 
 ** your commanding officer. Colonel Reynell, to have 
 ** the honor of presenting these colours to you. 
 
 ** There are many who could perform the office with 
 ** a better grace, but there is no one, beUeve me, who is 
 ** more sensible of the merit of the corps, or who is 
 *' more anxious for its honor and welfare. 
 
 " I might justly pay to the valour and good conduct 
 ** of those present the complhnents usual on such occa- 
 •* sions, but I had rather offer the expression of my 
 ** regard and admiration of that excellent esprit-de- 
 
 corps and real worth which a ten years' intimate 
 
 knowledge of the regiment has taught me so highly 
 ** to appreciate. 1 shall always look back with pleasure 
 
 to that long period in which I had the good fortune 
 
 to be your commanding officer, and during which 
 
 ** time I received from the officers the most cordial and 
 
 ** zealous assistance in support of discipline ; from the 
 
 ** non-commissioned officers proofs of the most dis- 
 
 ** interested regard for His Majesty's service and the 
 
 " welfare of their regiment, and I witnessed on the 
 
 ** part of the privates and the corps at large a fidelity 
 
 *' to their colours in South America, as remarkable 
 
 " under such trying circumstances as their valour haa 
 
 H 
 
 t( 
 
 t( 
 
 t( 
 
 tc 
 
114 HISTOBICAL BECOBD OP THE SEVENTY-FIE8T 
 
 i: 
 
 U4 
 
 
 (( 
 
 (( 
 
 (( 
 
 « 
 
 1817.'^ at all times been conspicuous in the field. I am 
 " most happy to think that there is no drawback to the 
 " pleasure all should feel on this occasion. Your 
 " former colours were mislaid after a fete given in 
 " London, to celebrate the Duke of Wellington's 
 " return after his glorious termination of the penin- 
 " sular war, and your colonel. General Francis Dundas, 
 has sent you three very handsome ones to replace 
 them. 
 
 " On them are emblazoned some of His Grace's vic- 
 
 " tories, in which the Seventy-first bore a most 
 
 " distinguished part, and more might be enumerated 
 
 " which the corps may well be proud of. There are 
 
 " still in your ranks valuable oflScers who have wit- 
 
 " nessed the early glories of the regiment in the East, 
 
 and its splendid career since is fresh in the memory 
 
 of all. Never, indeed, did the character of the corps 
 
 " stand higher ; never was the fame of the British 
 
 " arms or the glory of the British empire more pre- 
 
 ** eminent than at this moment, an enthusiastic recol- 
 
 ** lection of which the sight of these colours must 
 
 always inspire. 
 
 *' While you have your present commanding officer 
 to lead you, it is unnecessary for me to add any- 
 thing to excite such a spirit ; but was I called upon 
 to do so, I should have only to hold up the example 
 of those who have fallen in your ranks, and, above all, 
 " point to the memory of that hero who so gloriously 
 « fell at your head."* 
 1818. The regiment formed part of the " Army of Occupa- 
 tion" in France until towards the end of October 1818, 
 when it embarked at Calais for England, and arrived 
 Dover on the 29th of that month. 
 
 After landing, the regiment proceeded immediately 
 to Chelmsford, where it remained for a short time, 
 
 * Colonel the Honorable Henry Cadogan, who was mortally 
 wounded at Vittoria on the 2l8t of June IS13.— Vide page 94. 
 
 <( 
 
 <t 
 
 t( 
 
 <( 
 
 u 
 
EEGIMENT, HIGHLAND LIGHT INFANTRY. 115 
 
 During its stay at this place the establishment was 1818. 
 reduced from 810 to 650 rank and file. 
 
 On the 25th of November the regiment marched to 
 Weedon, Derby, and Nottingham, having its head- 
 quarters at the former place. IC •' ; i , ' Vr V: fj "; 
 
 The regiment was inspected at Weedon on the l8tl819. 
 of May 1819, by Major-General Sir John Byng, who 
 reported most favourably to His Royal Highness the 
 Commander-in-Chief upon its appearance and discipline. 
 In consequence of this report His Royal Highness was 
 pleased to dispense with any further inspection of the 
 regiment during the year. 
 
 On the 2l8t of June 1819 the regunent marched 
 to Chester, having detachments at Livei'pool and the 
 Isle of Man. 
 
 In June 1820, the regiment marched to Rochdale, 1820. 
 Blackburn, and Burnley. In July following it pro- 
 ceeded to Hertford, Ware, Hoddesdon, and Hatfield; 
 and on the 20th of November it was removed to 
 Canterbury. 
 
 Previously to the departure of the regiment from 
 Hertford, it was inspected by the Adjutant-General to 
 the Forces, Major-General Sir Henry Torrens, E.C.B., 
 who communicated to Colonel Sir Thomas Arbuth- 
 uot, K.C.B., commanding the Seventy-first, the 
 expression of the satisfaction experienced by His Royal 
 Highness the Commander-in-Chief in perusing the 
 report made on that occasion. 
 
 In June 1821, the regiment marched to Chatham,1821. 
 havmg detachments at Sheemess, Tilbury Fort, and 
 Harwich. Here a further reduction took place of two 
 companies, making the establishment to consist of 576 
 rank and file. 
 
 From Chatham the regiment marched to London, 1822, 
 and proceeded by the canal to Liverpool, there to 
 embark for Dublin, where it arrived on the 3d of May 
 1822; the regiment remained in that city until the 
 
 H 2 
 
116 HISTORICAL RECORD OP THE SEVENTY-FIRST 
 
 SM 
 
 My ' 
 
 12: 
 
 1822. beginning of October, when it marched to the south of 
 Ireland. The head-quarters were stationed at Fermoy, 
 and detachments proceeded to the villages of Ballahooly, 
 Castletown Koche, Kilworth, Kildorrory, Wattstown, 
 Glanworth, and Mitchelstown. A subaltern's party 
 was also encamped at Glennasheen in the county of 
 Limerick, the disturbed state of that part of Ireland 
 requiring detachments in the above posts, and the 
 utmost exertions of every individual for their pro- 
 tection. 
 
 1824. Lieut.-General Sir Gordon Drummond, G.C.B., was 
 removed from the colonelcy of the eighty-eighth to 
 that of the Seventy-first regiment on the 16th of 
 January 1824, in succession to General Francis Dundas, 
 deceased. 
 
 The regiment remained here for two winters, and in 
 the beginning of May 1824 orders were received to 
 march to the Cove of Cork, to embark for foreign 
 service. 
 
 Before the Seventy-first marched to the coast 
 for embarkation, very gratifying addresses were pre- 
 sented to Colonel Sir Thomas Arbuthnot, commanding 
 the regiment, from the magistrates and inhabitants of 
 the district round Fermoy, conveying their approbation 
 of the conduct of the corps, which had won the esteem 
 of all classes. 
 
 A very gratifying order was also issued by Major- 
 General Sir John Lambert, K.C.B., commanding the 
 south-western district of Ireland, relative to the conduct 
 of the regiment. 
 
 The regiment embarked for North America on the 
 14th, 16th, 17th, and 18th of May 1824, on board the 
 Indian trader Prince of Orange, Csito and Fanny 
 transports, and anchored at Quebec on the 23d, 24th, 
 and 25th of June. 
 
 1825. In the year 1825, the establisliment of the regiment 
 was augmented from eight to ten companies, and formed 
 
REGIMENT, HIGHLAND LIGHT INFANTRY. 117 
 
 into six service and four depdt companies, consisting of 1825. 
 forty-two sergeants, fourteen buglers, and 740 rank 
 and file. 
 
 In consequence of this arrangement, the officers and 
 non-commissioned officers of two companies were 
 sent to England to join the depot companies at 
 Chichester. 
 
 The detachments stationed during the summer months 1826. 
 at the posts of Sorel and Three Rivers rejoined the 
 head-quarters of the regiment at Quebec on the 15th 
 of October. 
 
 On the 25th of October and he 4th of November, 
 the service companies were inspected by Lieut.-General 
 the Earl of Dalhousie, the Commander of the Forces in 
 British North America, who expressed hisiuUest a} u^'o- 
 bation of their discipline and interior economy, «is \ ell 
 as of their conduct and appearance. 
 
 The head-quarter division of the St^^ 'iTY-FiRSTlt^;7. 
 embarked at Quebec for Montreal on thj IVth of May 
 1827, after having been stationed in that garrison nearly 
 three years. Preparatory to this change of quarters, 
 the service companies were again inspected by Lieut.- 
 General the Earl of Dalhousie, who, in orders, assured 
 Lieut.-Colonel Jones that he had never seen any regi- 
 ment in more perfect order. 
 
 The service companies arrived at Montreal on the 
 19th of May, and detachments from tliem were sta- 
 tioned at Isle-aux-Noix, Su Jrhn's, William Henry, 
 La Chine, Coteau-du-Lac, aiat liideau. 
 
 On the 8th of May 1828, the Seventy-first 1828. 
 embarked for Kingston in batteaux, and arrived there 
 on the 16th of that mouth. 
 
 The Seventy-first remained stationed here for 
 
 twelve months. During the summer and part of the 
 
 autumn they suffered much from fever and ague, 
 
 having had at one period nearly a tliird of the men in 
 
 hospital. 
 
 H 3 
 
 ; 
 

 118 HISTORICAL RECORD OP THE SEVENTY-riRST 
 
 ml 
 
 
 1829. Upon the Istof June 1829, the head-quarters em- 
 barked in a steam-boat for York, now called Toronto, 
 the capital of the Upper Province, and arrived there on 
 the following morning.* 
 
 One company was detached to Niagara, another to 
 Amherstburg, and a third to Penetanguishene on Lake 
 Huron. A small number of men occupied the naval 
 post at Grand River on Lake Erie. The Seventy- 
 first occupied these posts for a period of two years. 
 
 On the 10th of August 1829, the depot companies 
 embarked at Gravesend for Berwick-on-Tweed. 
 
 Major-Genernl Sir Colin Halkett, K.C.B., was 
 removed from the colonelcy of the ninety-fifth to that of 
 the Seventy-first regiment, on the 21st of Sep- 
 tember 1829, in succession to General Sir Gordon 
 Drummond, G.C.B., who was appointed to the forty- 
 ninth regiment. 
 
 1830. In June, 1830, the depot companies were removed 
 from Berwick-on-Tweed to Edinburgh Castle. 
 
 1831. In May 1831, the service companies moved down to 
 Quebec, where the whole were assembled on the 16th 
 of June. After a stay of nearly five months in that city, 
 orders arrived for the Seventy-first to proceed to 
 Bermuda. The service companies embarked on the 20th 
 of October 1831 in the transports Lay ton and Manlius, 
 and arrived off St. George's, Bermuda, upon the 11th 
 of November, when they immediately disembarked, 
 sending a detachment of one captain, two subalterns, 
 and a hundred and twenty men to Ireland Island. 
 
 * During the period the Sevemty-firbt were stationed at York, they 
 had the satisfaction of removing to consecrated ground the mortal remains 
 of the brave grenadiers of the eighth regiment, who fell upon the 27th of 
 April, 1813, in action with the Americans. Thest* gallant soldiers had 
 ffillen, and were buried at a consideruble distance from the shores of Lake 
 Ontario; but oh its waters had since encroached upon the land in this 
 direction, they at length succeeded in breaking open their honorable 
 grave, and the beach became strewed with their remains. This coming 
 to the knowledge of the SRVENTr.FiRiT, they had them removed to the 
 military burying ground in the vicinity of the garrison. 
 
BBGIMENTj HIGHLAND LIGHT INF^iNTRY. 119 
 
 TUe head-quarters were subsequently moved to 1831. 
 Hamilton, and small parties were detached to the 
 signal posts at Gibbs Hill and Mount Langton. 
 
 During the years 1832 and 1833, the service com- 1833. 
 panics continued at Bermuda, and the depot remained 
 in North Britain. ^ 
 
 On the 30th of August 1833, Lieut.-ColoT7ol the 
 Honorable Charles Grey exchanged from the lialf-fiay 
 to the Seventy-first Regiment with Lieut.-Colonel 
 Joseph Thomas Pidgeon. 
 
 The tartan plaid scarf was restored to the Seventy- 1834. 
 FIRST regiment by an authority (under the King's Sign 
 Manual) dated 17th of February 1834. 
 
 On the 11th of September 1834, the service com- 
 panies embarked at Bermuda for Great Britain, and 
 arrived at Leith on the 19th of October following. The 
 regiment was afterwards stationed at Edinburgh, where 
 it remained during the year 1835. " 
 
 The regiment embarked at Glasgow on the lltb of 1836. 
 May 1836 for Ireland, and was stationed at Dublin 
 during the remainder of the year. 
 
 In June 1837, the regiment proceeded from Dublin 1837. 
 to Kilkenny. 
 
 Major-General Sir Samuel Ford Whittingham,1838. 
 K.C.B., was appointed Colonel of the Seventy-first 
 regiment on the 28th of March 1838, in succession to 
 Lieut.-General Sir Colin Halkett, K.C.B., appointed to 
 the thirty-first regiment. 
 
 Meanwhile orders had been received for the regi- 
 ment to proceed on foreign service, and on the 20th of 
 April 1838 the six service companies embarked at Cork 
 for Canada. The four depot companies remained in 
 Ireland. 
 
 On the 2d of Juno 1839 the depot companies 1839. 
 embarked at Cork for North Britain, and were after- 
 wards stationed at Stirling. 
 
 The establishment of the regiment «. ^<t augmented 
 
 H 4 
 
120 HISTORICAL RECOBD OP THE SEVENTY-FIRST 
 
 ■.v/- 
 
 pi ; 
 
 1 / 
 
 
 
 1839. on the 12th of August 1839, from seven hundred and 
 forty to eight hundred rank and file. 
 
 1840. During the year 1840 the service companies were 
 stationed at St. John's, Lower Canada. The depot 
 companies proceeded from Stirling to Dundee in April. 
 
 1841. Lieut.-General Sir Thomas Reynell, Bart., K.C.B., 
 was removed from the colonelcy of the eighty-seventh 
 Royal Irish fusiliers to that of the Seventy-first or 
 Highland regiment on the 15th of March 1841, in 
 succession to Lieut.-General Sir Samuel Ford Whit- 
 tingham, K.C.B. and K.C.H., deceased. 
 
 In May 1841 the depot companies proceeded from 
 Dundee to Aberdeen. 
 
 Lieut.-Colonel the Honorable Charles Grey ex- 
 changed to half-pay with Lieut.-Colonel James England 
 on the 8th of April 1842. 
 
 1842. The service companies proceeded from St. John's to 
 Montreal, in two divisions, on the 27th and 28th 
 of April 1842. 
 
 In consequence of the augmentation which took 
 place in the army at this period, the Seventy-first 
 regiment was ordered to be divi«'v<* into two battalions, 
 the six service companies being teamed the firj?t bat- 
 talion, and the depot, augmented by two new com- 
 panies, being styled the reserve battalion. The depflt 
 was accordingly moved from Stirling to Chichester in 
 1842, and after receiving one hundred and eighty 
 volunteers from other corps, was there organised into 
 a battalion for foreign service. 
 
 The reserve battalion of the Skventy-first, under 
 the command of Liout.-Colonol James England, em- 
 barked at Portsmouth in llor INInjcsty's troop-ship 
 " llt'xiKtuncc," which sailed lor Canada on the 13th of 
 August 1842, luul the battalion lauilcd at Montreal on 
 the !i3d of S('])teinb(M*, wIktc th«? first battalion was 
 likewise stationed, undt-r the ronnnand of Miyor 
 William Denny, who, upon the arrival of Lieut.- 
 
REGIMENT, HiaHLAND LIGHT INFANTRY. 121 
 
 Colonel England, took charge of the reserve bat- 1842. 
 talion. 
 
 The reserve battalion marched from Montreal to 1843. 
 Chambly on the 6th of May 1843, and arrived there on 
 the same day. 
 
 The first battalion, under the command of Lieut.- 
 Colonel I'wHgland, embarked at Quebec for the West 
 Indies in the " Java " transport, on the 20th of 
 October 1843. The head-quarters disembarked at 
 Grenada on the 15th of December following. 
 
 The head-quarters of the first battalion embarked on 1844. 
 the 25th of December 1844, at Grenada, for Antigua. 
 
 During the year 1845 the head-quarters of the first 1845. 
 battalion continued at Antigua. 
 
 The head-quarters and three companies of the re- 
 serve battalion marched from Chambly on the 11th of 
 Hay 1845, and arrived at Kingston, iu Canada, on the 
 14th of that month. 
 
 On the 18th of April 1846, the head -quarters and 184G. 
 four oom[)anieM of the first battalior embarked at 
 Antigua on board the transport " Princess Royal," and 
 landed at Darbadocs on the 24th of the same month. 
 
 The firrtt battalion, under the command of Captain 
 Nathaniel MaJ'soy Stack, embarked for England at 
 Barbadoert on the 29th and 30th of December, on 
 board of I Tor MajcHty's ship " Belleislo. 
 
 On the Oth of October 1846, the reserve battalion 
 left Kingston, in Canada Went, and the head-quarters 
 arrived at La Prairie on the 8th of that month. 
 
 The nhip " IJelleiHle," having the first battalicm on 1847. 
 board, naili'd for Portsmouth on the Ist of .lanuary 
 1847, and arrived at Spithead on the 2.'Jth of that 
 month. After disfmi)arking at Portsmouth, tho hat- 
 talion pniciit'dcd to VVinchcHtcr, where it was stationed 
 until the lf)th of July, when it was conveyed in tiu-eo 
 divisiouK by railway to Glangow, and (m the 2 Ist of 
 December it was removed to Edinburgh. 
 
 ^ f 
 
122 HISTOBICAL RECORD OP THE SEVENTT-PIBST 
 
 \^iSi 
 
 ii 
 
 
 1847. In September 1847, the head-quarters of the reserve 
 battalion ^vere removed from La Prairie to Chambly, 
 
 V ^ and in October proceeded to St. John's, in <^anada East. 
 
 1848. Lieutenant-General Sir Thomas Arbuthnot, K.C.B., 
 was removed from the colonelcy of the ninth foot to 
 that of the Seventy-first regiment on the 18th of 
 Februar,' 1>'.48, in succession to Lieut.-Gers 3ral Sir 
 Thomas Eeynell, Bart, and K.C.B., deceased. 
 
 Three companies of the first battalion proceeded 
 from Edinburgh to Dublin on the 27th of April 1848; 
 and the head-quarters, with the three remaining com- 
 panies, were removed to Dublin on the 1st of May. 
 In June, the head-quarters were removed to Naas. 
 
 During the year 1848, the head-quarters of the re- 
 serve battalion remained at St. John's, in Canada East. 
 
 1849. Lieut.-General Sir James Macdonell, K.C.B. and 
 K.C.H., was appointed from the seventy-ninth to be 
 colonel of the Seventy-first or Highland regiment, 
 on the 8th of February 1849, upon the decease of 
 Lieut.-General Sir Thomas Arbuthnot, K.C.B. 
 
 In compliance with instructions received upon the 
 occasion of Her Majesty's visit to Dublin, the head- 
 quarters of the first battalion, with the effectives of 
 three companies, proceeded from Naas to that garrison 
 on the 28th of July, and were encamped in the 
 Phoenix Park. The three detached companies also 
 joined at the encampment on the same day. On the 
 13th of August the head-quarters and three companies 
 returned to Naaa. 
 
 The head-quarters and two companies of the reserve 
 battalion, under the command of Lieut.-Colonel Sir 
 Hew Dairy tnple, Bart., proceeded from St. John's to 
 Montreal, in aid of the civil power, on the 28th of April 
 1849. The hoad-ciuarters and three companies quitted 
 Montreal and encamped on the Island of St. Helen's 
 on the 3()th of June, but returned to St. John's on the 
 IGth of July. On the 17th of August 1849, the head- 
 
BEGIMENT, HIGHLAND LIGHT INFANTRY. 123 
 
 quarters and two companies proceeded from St. John's 1849. 
 to Montreal, in aid of the civil power, and returned to 
 St John's on the 6th of September. 
 
 In April 1850, the first battalion proceeded from 1850. 
 Naas to Dublin. 
 
 The head-quarters and two companies of the reserve 
 battalion quitted St. John's and Chambly on the 21st 
 of May 1850, and arrived at Toronto on the 23d of that 
 month, where the battalion was joined by the other 
 companies, and it continued there during the remainder 
 of the year. 
 
 In April 1851, the first battalion proceeded from 1851. 
 Dublin to Mullingar, and in July following was removed 
 to Newry. 
 
 During the year 1851 the reserve battalion continued 
 to be stationed at Toronto. 
 
 In May 1852, the reserve battalion proceeded from 1852. 
 Toronto to Kingston. On the 8th of June following. 
 Lieut.-Colonel Sir Hew Dalrymple, Bart., retired from 
 the service by the sale of his commission, and was suc- 
 ceeded by Lieut.-Coionel Nathaniel Massey Stack. 
 
 On the Ist of July 1852, the date to which this 
 Becord has been brought, the first battalion of the 
 Sevfnty-fikst regiment was stationed at Newry, 
 ^nder the command of Lieut.-Colonel William Denny : 
 the reserve battalion continued at Kingston, in Canada. 
 
 t 
 
 1862. 
 
^r- 
 
 t» 
 
 •a*' 
 
 li/'- 
 
 ^ 
 
 
 "•VH 
 
 'I .< 
 
 I 
 
 III 
 
 :ff'' 
 
 
 
 fe 
 
 "i" 
 
 ll'^' 
 
 
 li^' 
 
 
 {!■. 
 
 , '- 
 
 i I !■ 
 
 '.-k *>'. 
 
:1 •£■ 
 IS l^- 
 
 .^., 
 
 "5»w« 1 'ji»»,^ 
 
 LIOHT INFANTRV. 
 

 " 
 
 
 ■^ -^ — 
 
 
 — — 
 
 
 H A 
 
 
 1 Af_ 
 
 
 I ^■'' 
 
 
 1 
 
 li 
 
 il 
 
 .^ '^« 
 
/■ 
 
 
 li.i i 'J.i '-''J ": 
 
 y-j 'I<k.'--./;i;-Vii'v ':.«.) •!M.f"3f.; :'. 
 
 SUCCESSION OF COLONELS 
 
 OF THB 
 
 SEVENTY-FIEST REGIMENT, 
 
 HIGHLAND LIGHT INFANTRY. 
 
 1i 
 < il 
 
 1 >il 
 
 John Lord Macleod, 
 Appointed ]9th December 1777. 
 
 Lord John Macleod was the eldest son of the Earl of 
 Cromartie, and, with his father, was engaged in the attempt 
 made in 1745 by Prince Charles Edward, the young pre- 
 tender, to recover the throne of his ancestors. After the 
 battle of CuUoden, in '716, the Earl of Croniirtie was 
 brought to trial, and plea led guilty ; but his life was . i' rci 
 on consideration of the v-^morse expressed by him for I 'viiig 
 been seduced in an unguarded moment from that loyalty 
 which he had always, ^^r^jviously to the breaking out of the 
 rebellion, evinced to the exisl'ng establishment, both in 
 Church and State. Lord Made od also received the royal 
 mercy on account of his youth, and his regard for his parent, 
 which had been the cause ^,? his being concerned in the 
 rebellion. The young loiJ also promised, that, should the 
 royal clemency be extended to him, that his futv^re life and 
 fortune should bv. entirely devoted to His Maj<:3'^_,'. service, 
 wliich promise was amply fulfilled in after years. Lord 
 Macleod o-bsequently entered into the Swedish army, where 
 he served for several yeurs with great reputation, and was 
 made a Commandant of the Order of the Sword in the king- 
 dom of Swet* Wlile the American war of independence 
 was being canlefl on, his Lordship returned to Great Britain, 
 and inLeceiab(.v 1777 received authority to raise a regi- 
 
 ■4ii»»*V 
 
!«'- 
 
 126 SEVENTY-FIRST HIGHLAND LIGHT INPANTBY. 
 
 ment of Highlanders, which was, on its formation, numbered 
 the seventy-third, and subsequently the SEVENXY-Fresx 
 regiment, under the circumstances detailed in the Historical 
 Record. His Lordship was appointed colonel of the newly 
 raise i rt^iii. 'li, to which a second battalion was added in 
 Sep/ ember l7vS, and embarked with the first battalion for 
 India in January 1779, arriving at Madras in January 
 1780. The war with Hyder Ali, the powerful Sultan of 
 the Mysore territory, commenced in that year, and his Lord- 
 ship served under Major-^ai''*^'?ral Sir Hector Munro in the 
 first instance, and afterwards under Lieut. General Sir Eyre 
 Coote. On the 1st of June 1781, Colonel Lord Macleod 
 was promoted to the local rank of major-general in the East 
 Indies, in which year he returned to England, some mis- 
 understanding having arisen between his Lordship and 
 Major-General Stuart concerning priority of rank. His 
 Lordship was promoted to the rank of major-general on the 
 20th of November 1782. On the forfeited estates being 
 restored, in 1784, Major-General Lord Macleod obtained the 
 family estate of Cromartie. His decease occurred on the 2d 
 of April 1789, at Edinburgh. 
 
 The Honorable William Gordon, 
 
 Appointed 9th April 1789. 
 
 The Honorable William Gordon was appointed cap- 
 tain in the Sixteenth Light Dragoons, when that corps was 
 raised in the year 1759. In October 1762, he was appointed 
 Lieut.-Colonel of the 105th regiment, and in 1777, he was 
 promoted to the colonelcy of the eighty-first regiment, which 
 was afterwards disbaiided. In 1781 he was promoted to 
 the rank of major-general, and in April 1789 was nomi- 
 nated colonel of he Seventy-first Highlanders. He was 
 advanced to the anl- of lieut. -general in 1793, to that of 
 general in 179? and was removed to the Twenty-first 
 Royal North British Fusiliers in 1803. He died in 1816. 
 
SL 0E88ION or C0L0NEL8. 
 
 127 
 
 Sir John Fuancis Cradock, G.C.B. and K.C., 
 afterwards 
 Lord HowDEN, ., l 
 
 Appointed Gth August 1803. 
 
 This officer entered the army on the 15th of December 
 1777, as a cornet in the fourth regiment of horse, now the 
 seventh dragoon guards ; and on the 9th of July 1779, he 
 exchanged to an cnsigncy in the Coldstream guards, in 
 which he was promoted to a lieutenancy, with the rank of 
 captain, on the 12th of December 1781. On the 25th of 
 June 1785, he was advanced to the rank of major of the 
 twelfth dragoons, and on the 16th of September 1786, ex- 
 changed into the thirteenth foot, of which regiment he was 
 appointed licut.-colonel on the 16th of June 1789. Lieut.- 
 Colonel Cradock commanded the thirteenth regiment in the 
 "West Indies, and on his return, in 1792, was appointed 
 quartermaster-general in Ireland, where he was specially 
 employed by Government in many of the disturbed counties. 
 He went a second time to the West Indies, in the command 
 of the second battalion of grenadiers, under the orders of 
 General Sir Charles (afterwards Earl) Grey, and was pre- 
 sent at the reduction of Martinique (where he was wounded), 
 St. Lucia, Guadalonpc, and at the siege of Fort Bourbon. 
 Before the reduction of the second battalion of grenadiers in 
 the West Indies he was appointed by Sir Charles Grey to 
 be his aide de-camp, and on his return to England ho 
 received the thanks of Parliament for his services. 
 
 On the 26th of February 1795, Lieut. -Colonel Cradock 
 received the brevet rank of colonel, and on the 16th of 
 April following was appointed colonel of the one hundred 
 and twenty-seventh regiment, which was disbanded in 1798, 
 when he was placed on half pay. 
 
 On the 1st of January 1798, Colone) Cradock was 
 advanced to the rank of major-grneral, and served as 
 quartermaster-general in Ireland during the rebellion of 
 that year ; was under the command of Lieut. -General Gerard 
 (afterwards Viscount) Lake at the affair with the rebels at 
 Vinegar Hill, and in the subsequent movements in the 
 county of Wexford. Major-General Cradock accompanied 
 Earl Cornwall is as quartermaster-general in his lordship's 
 march against the French forces that landed in Killala 
 
 H 
 
 . 
 
 I 
 
 Pf ; 
 
128 SEVENTY-FIRST HIGHLAND LIGHT IIv ;; a NTr.Y. 
 
 Iv: 
 
 m ] 
 
 p'.' ,♦.? 
 
 under General Humbert, and was severely wounded in the 
 action at Balljnahinch, when the French and rebel force 
 were defeated, and laid down their arms. 
 
 Major-General Cradock was afterwards appointed to the 
 staff of the Mediterranean, under General Sir Balph Aber- 
 cromby, and proceeded on the expedition to Egypt, and was 
 in the actions of the 8th, }3th, and 21st of March 1801. 
 In that of the 13th, near Alexandria, he commanded the 
 brigades which formed the advance against the enemy, and 
 received the thanks of Sir Ralph Abercromby. He was 
 second in command of the division of the army that pro- 
 ceeded to Cairo under the command of Lieut.-General 
 Hutchinson (afterwards the Earl of Donoughmoro), and 
 was at the action of Rhamanie on the 9th of May 1801, and 
 at the surrender of Cairo and Alexandria. Tlic surrender of 
 the latter place on the 2d of September following, ter- 
 minated the campaign, after which he was appointed to the 
 command of a force of 4,000 men, to proceed to Corfu ; but 
 the preliminaries of peace being signed on the 1st of October 
 between Great Britain and France, put an end to the expe- 
 dition, and he returned to England, when he was again 
 honored with the thanks of Parliament. The Grand 
 Seignior had also established the order of knighthood of the 
 Crescent, of which the general officers who served in Egypt 
 were made members. 
 
 On the 8th of May 1801, Major-General Cradock had 
 been appointed colonel commandant of the fifty-fourth regi- 
 ment, and upon the reduction of the army, in 1802, he was 
 placed on half-pay. On the 6th of August 1803, he was 
 appointed colonel of the Seventy-first regiment. 
 
 On the 1st of January 1805, Major-General Sir John 
 Cradock, KB., was advanced to the rank of lieut.-general, 
 and appointed to the con^mand of the forces at Madras. 
 Upon the departure from India of General Lord Lake, in 
 1806, Lieut.-General Sir John Cradock remained for nearly 
 a year in the command of the forces in that country. In 
 1808 he was appointed to command the forces in Portugal, 
 during the critical period preceding the arrival of Lieut.- 
 General Sir Arthur Wellealey, and was afterwards appointed 
 Governor of Gibraltar, which in a short time he resigned. 
 On the 6th of January 1809, he was removed from the 
 
/- 
 
 SUCCESSION OF COLONELS. 
 
 129 
 
 Seventy-first to the colonelcy of the forty-third regiment. 
 In 1811 he was appointed governor of the Cape of Good 
 Hope, and commander of the forcoa on that station, which 
 he held until 1814, on the 4th of June of which year ho was 
 promoted to the rank of general. 
 
 General Sir John Cradock was nominated a Knight Grand 
 Cross of the Order of the Bath on the 2d of January 1815, 
 and in 1819 was created a p'ser of Ireland, by the title of 
 Baron Howden. At the coronation of His Majesty King 
 William IV. he was advjvnced to the dignity of a Peer of the 
 United Kingdom. By royal licence he afterwards altered 
 his name to Caradoc, deeming that to be the ancient and 
 veritable orthography. The decease of General the Right 
 Honorable John Francis Caradoc, Baron Howden of Howden 
 and Grimstone in the county of York, and of Cradocks- 
 town, county of Kildarc, occurred on the 26th of July 1839, 
 at the advanced age of eighty years. 
 
 'm\ 
 
 ■I' 
 
 i 
 
 Francis Dundas. 
 
 Appointed 7th January 1809. 
 
 The first commission of this officer was an ensigncy in the 
 first foot guards, dated 4th of April 1775, and in May 1777 
 he joined the army in North Americn, was present at the 
 battle of Brandy wine on the 11th of September of that 
 year, and in that of Germantown on the 4th of October 
 following, also at the siege of ten forts on the river Dela« 
 ware, and after their reduction in December the detach- 
 ment of guards employed on that service rejoined the army, 
 and went into winter quarters at Philadelphia. On the 
 23d of January 1778 he received a lieutenancy, with the 
 rank of captain, in the first foot guards. Captain Dundas 
 served the campaign of that year, and was present in the 
 action of Monmouth Court-House on the 28th of June 1778, 
 fought during the march of the British army from Phila- 
 delphia to New York, in which the second battalion of the 
 first foot guards was principally engaged. Having soon 
 after been appointed to the light company of that corps, 
 he was employed on various detached services in 1778 and 
 1779, in the course of which the company to which ho 
 belonged sustained considerable losses. 
 
 it i 
 
 
If 
 
 m 
 
 w 
 
 ,;.e. 
 
 ;i'* I 
 
 130 SEVENTY-FIRST HIGHLAND LIGHT INFANTRY. 
 
 The corps of guards being detached into South Carolina, 
 joined the army under Lieut.-General the Earl Comwallia, 
 in 1780, and the light company forming his lordship's 
 advanced guard, it was almost every day engaged. Captain 
 Dundas commanded it at the battle of Guildford and at 
 York Town. 
 
 .i Captain Dundas was promoted to a company in the 
 first foot guards, with tlie rank of lieutenaut-colonol, on the 
 11th of April 1783, and on the 6th of June following 
 exchanged into the forty-fifth regiment, from which he was 
 transferred to the first foot on the Slst of March 1787. 
 With the first battalion of the latter regiment Lient.-Colonel 
 Dundas embarked for Jamaica in January 1790, and re- 
 turned to England in July 1791. In October 1793 he was 
 appointed aide-de-camp to King George III., and received 
 the brevet rank of colonel. 
 
 Colonel Dundas was employed in that rank in the West 
 Indies as adjutant-general to the army under General Sir 
 Charles (afterwards Earl) Grey, and was present at the 
 siogc of Martinique and the other adjacent islands in 1794. 
 Upon his return to England, being appointed on the 9th of 
 October 1794, colonel of the Scots brigade, afterwards num- 
 bered the ninety-fourth regiment, he joined it in Scotland, 
 aiv! raised a new battalion. 
 
 MajorGeneral Dundas, to wliich rank he was advanced 
 on the 26th of February 1795, was employed on the staff in 
 North Britain until ordered to join the array preparing 
 for foreign service under Lieut-General Sir Ralph Abcr- 
 cromby, at Southampton. Having returned to Portsmouth 
 Avith the expedition, he was soon afterwards appointed to 
 thf command at the Capo of Good Hope, and in August 
 1796 he embarked for that colony. Being appointed lieut.- 
 govcrnor, with the command of the troops under the 
 governor, he continued to hold that appointment until 
 Lord Macartney returned to England in November 1798, 
 leaving him to act as civil governor. Upon the arrival of 
 Lord Macartney's successor, in December 1799, Miyor- 
 Gencral Dundax resumed his former situation ; but that 
 officer being recalled in '801, the civil with the military 
 authority again devolved on Miyor-General Dundas, and he 
 held both until the Cape was restored to the Dutch by tho 
 
SUCCESSION OF COLONELS. 
 
 131 
 
 treaty of peace conclu'led in 1803. Upon his return to 
 England in June 1803, Lieut.-General Dundas, to which 
 rank he had been promoted on the 29th of April of the pre- 
 vious year, was placed on the staff in the southern district 
 of Great Britain, under General Sir David Dundas, K.B. 
 Towards the end of 1805 Lieut.-General Dundas Avas 
 appointed to the command of a division ordered to join the 
 army assembling in Hanover under Licut.-Gencral Lord 
 Cathcart, and on his return, in 1806, he was again appointed 
 to the staff in the southern district. On the 7th of January 
 1809, Lieut.-General Dundas was appointed by His M^esty 
 to be colonel of the Seventy-first regiment, and on the 
 1st of January 1812 was advanced to the rank of general. 
 He had been appointed governor of Carrickfergus in 
 Lreland in 1787, and was transferred in January 1817 to 
 the governorship of Dumbarton Castle in Scotland. 
 
 The decease of General Dundas occurred at Edinburgh 
 on the 16th of January 1824. 
 
 Sir Gordon Drummond, G.C.B. 
 
 Appoint€(H6tii January 1824. 
 
 Removed to the forty-ninth regiment on the 2l8t of Sep- 
 tember 1829, and to the eighth foot on the 24th of April 1846. 
 
 W !l 
 
 ; >fi 
 
 4i 
 
 Sin Colin Halkett, K.C.B. 
 
 Appointed 2\ St September 1829. 
 
 Removed to the thirty-first ronjimcnt on the 28th of 
 
 March 1838, and to the forty-fifth regiment on the 12tl» of 
 
 July 1847. 
 
 Sir Samuel Ford Wiiittingiiam. 
 Appointed 2Sth March 1838. 
 This officer was a, (pointed ensign in the sixty-sixth regiment 
 on the 20tli of January 1803, licutenr.nt in the ninth foot 
 on the 25th of February, and was removed to the lirHt life 
 guards on the 10th of March of the same year. Oi^ tlic 14th 
 of February 1805 he was promoted to the rank of captain in 
 the twenty-eighth regiment, and wos removed to ti o thir- 
 teenth light dragoons on the 13tli of June followinjr, and 
 
 I 2 
 
 :fi 
 
132 SEVENTY-FIRST HIGHLAND LIGHT INFANTRY. 
 
 Ir' it 
 
 II 
 
 I! 
 
 r 
 
 :'.V I -, 
 
 
 in 1809 was appointed deputy assistant quartermaster- 
 general in the army in the Peninsula under Lieut.-General 
 Sir Arthur Wellesley. In March 1810, Captain Whittingham 
 was promoted to the rank of major, serving with the Por- 
 tuguesc^army. He Avas subsequently employed in America i 
 but the chief scene of his services was with the army in 
 Spain, for which he was peculiarly qualified by his perfect 
 knowledge of the Spanish language. He was first pernutted 
 to join that service as aide-de-camp to General Castanos, and 
 in that capacity shared in the battle and victory of Baylen. 
 Major Whittingham afterwards served under the Duke of 
 Albuquerque, and was severely wounded at Talavera. Soon 
 afterwards he obtained the command of the Spanish cavalry, 
 and was present at the battle of Barrosa, fought on tlie 5th 
 of March 181 1. On the 30th of May following he was pro- 
 moted lieut.-colonel in the Portuguese army. He was next 
 intrusted to raise and command a large corps of Spanish 
 troops clothed and paid by the British Government. In 
 1812, as major-general in command of this well-disciplined 
 corps, he was, in junction with the British army at Alicant, 
 successfully opi.oscd to Marshal^ Suchet, and was again 
 wounded at the battle of Castalla ; after winch he served 
 with distinction in command of a division of infantry under 
 Lieut.-General Sir John Murray, and subseciuently under 
 Lieut.-Goneral Lord William Bentinck on the eastern coasi 
 of Spain, 
 
 At the restoration of peace in 1814, Lieut.-Colonel Whit- 
 tingham returnf d to England, his conduct in Spain being 
 reported in very flattering terms by the Brilisii ambassador 
 in Spain and by the Duke of Wellington. On the 4th of 
 June 1814, he was appointed aide-de-camp to Ills IJoyal 
 Highness the Prince Regent, with the rank of colonel in the 
 army ; and was appointed a Compiinion of the l)rdor of tlio 
 Bath, with the honor of knighthood, on the 4th of June 1815. 
 
 Upon the return of Napoleon from Klba in March 1815, 
 Colonel Sir Samuel Ford Wliittingham ret\irned to the 
 Peninsula, at the particular reipicBt of the King of Spain, 
 and on his arrival at Madrid, lie was invested with the 
 Grand Cross of the[|Order of San Fernando. In the year 
 1819 he was appointed governor of Dominica, and in 1822 
 kia services were 'ransforrod to India as qiiartermastcr- 
 
SUCCESSION OF COLONELS. 
 
 133 
 
 general of the king's troops ; he subsequently held the com- 
 mand AH major-genernl, to which rank he was promoted on 
 tlie 27tli of May 1825, successively in the Cawnpoor and 
 Mcorut divisions. 
 
 Major-Gencral Sir Samuel Ford Whittingha^n Iferved at 
 tlie siege of Hhurtpore, which was captured in January 1826; 
 and received the thanks of Parliament for his conduct on 
 tliat occasion. He was also nominated a Knight Commander 
 of tlio Order of tlio Bath on the 26th of December following. 
 
 Having returned from India in 1835, Major-General Sir 
 Samuel Ford Wliiitingliara was appointed to the command 
 of tlio forces in the Windward and Leeward Islands in 1836. 
 On the 28lli of March 1838, he was appointed colonel of the 
 SKViCNTV-riUHT Regiment, and on the 28th of June following 
 WHH advanced to tiie rank of lieut.-general. IIo was per- 
 mitted to roHign tlie Windward and Leeward command in 
 1839, in order to undcr'akctlie oommand-in-ehief at Madras, 
 receiving at the name time from General Lord Hill, then 
 cominanding-in-cliief, a flattering testimonial of Ids services 
 while in the West Indies. 
 
 Lieut.-General Sir Snmuel Ford Whittingham arrived at 
 Madras on the 1st of August 1840, where lie continued until 
 the lyth of January 1841, the date of his decease. 
 
 ■'i 
 
 Sin TiioMA« Ri:v\ELL, Baut., K.C.B. 
 Appointed \ 'i March 1841. 
 
 Tins distinguished olfieor commenced his military career as 
 un ensign in thclhiriy-eighth regnnent, his commission being 
 (late(l the 3()th of Scpteni'ter 1793. He joined the regiment 
 in •January 1794 at IKilast, and in A])ril proceeded with it 
 to Flandtu's, where it formed piirt of the arniy conunandcd 
 by His lloyal Higiincss the Duke of Vork. On arrwal at 
 the seat of wa/, the Ihirty-eighth regiment was orden'd to 
 join the corps under the Austrian (Uneral Count Clerfait, 
 who e.'tninianded liie troops in West Klan<lers, and it was 
 attached to the divi^^ion umhT Miyor-Cieneral IIiimuMTstein, 
 togetiii'r with the eighth li;rht d'agoons and twelfth foot. 
 Knsign Ueynell was present in the action on *he heights of 
 Lincelles on the iHth of May, and at the battle of Iloglado 
 on tiiC 13th of June 1794. He afterwards served with the 
 
 1 a 
 
134 SEVENTY-FIRST HIGHLAND LIGHT INFANTRY. 
 
 
 ill 
 
 tiJ 
 
 ''.■ * 
 i 
 
 n 
 
 i 
 
 army under the Duke of York, and was in Nimeguen when 
 that town was besieged. On the 3d of December following, 
 when cantoned between the rivers Rhine and the Waal, he 
 was promoted to the rank of lieutenant in the thirty-eighth 
 regiment. Lieutenant Reynell served during the winter 
 campaign of 1795, and retreat through Westphalia to the 
 Weser, and tliere embarked for England. He accompanied 
 the thirty-eighth regiment to the West Indies in May 1736, 
 and was present at the capture of the island of Trinidad in 
 thee, • "rt of 1797. On the 22d of July 1797 he was 
 r .i..^ii.a I. a company in the second West India regiment, 
 and joined tlrt corps at Grenada. 
 
 Captain Reynell quitted Grenada early in 1798, in conse- 
 quence of being appointed assistant a(\jutant-general at 
 St. Domingo, wliere he rema" ed until that island was 
 evacuated by the British in September, when he returned to 
 England. In the beginning of 1 799 he revisited St. Domingo, 
 as one of the suite of Brigadier-General the Honorable 
 Thomas Maitland, then employed in framing a commercial 
 treaty with the negro diief Toussaiut L'Ouverture, who had 
 risen to tli.^ supreme authority at St.Doraingo. When it wa^. 
 concluded, Captain Reynell returned to England in July of 
 the same year. 
 
 On the 8th of August 1799 Captain Reynell was trans- 
 f'^rred to a company in the fortietli regiment, with the first 
 battalion of whicli he embarked for the Helder in that 
 month, and joined the army, which was at first commanded 
 by Lieut.-General Sir Ralph Abercromby, and afterwards 
 by the Dtikc of York. Captain Reynell was present in the 
 action of the lOtli of September ; also in the battle of the 
 19th of September, when lie was the only captain of the 
 first battalion of the fortieth regiment tiiut was not killed or 
 wounded ; he was also present in the subseciueut battles of 
 the 2d and Gth of October. Ca^<tain Reynell, upon the 
 Britisli army being withdrawn from Holland, re-erabarl>ed 
 with the first battalion of the fortietli regiment, au'J arrived 
 in England in November 1799. 
 
 In April IhiK) Captain Reynell embarked with his regi- 
 nu)nt for the Mediterrunean, and went in the first instance 
 to Minorot, afterwards lo Legliorn; returned to Minorca, 
 and proceed'd with a large force under Licut.'Genernl Sir 
 
 
SUCCESSION OF COLONELS. 
 
 135 
 
 Ralph Abercrombj for the attack of Cadiz. Signals for 
 disembarking wore made; but although the boats had actuallj- 
 put off from the ships, a recall was ordered, in cunseciuence. 
 of the plague raging at Cadiz. After this ho proceeded up. 
 the Mediterranean again, and in November landed aUMalta. . 
 
 The flank companies of the fortieth regiment having been 
 allowed to volunteer their services in the expedition to 
 Egypt, Captain Reynell proceeded thither in command of 
 the light company (one v^f the four flank companies de- 
 tached under Colonel Breit Spe;icer), and was present in 
 the action at the landing on the 8th of March 1801. On 
 this occasion the flank companies of the fortieth were on 
 the right of the line, and were particularly noticed for the 
 gallant style in which they mounted the 8and-hills imme- 
 diately where tbey landed. Captain Reynell was present in 
 the battle of the 13th of March, and commanded the right 
 out-piquet of the army, in the morning of the 21st of that 
 month, when the French attacked the British near Alcx- 
 anuria, on which occasion (ieneral Sir Ralph Abercromby 
 was jiiOrtally wounded. Soon after Captain Reynell pro* 
 ceeded with a small British corps and some Turkish batta- 
 lions to Rosetta, of which easy pos.sessioa was taken. He 
 was present in \ii ac'ion at Rhamanic, and followed the 
 French to Grand Cairo, where that part of their army 
 capitulated; ovid returned as escort in charge of the French 
 troops to Rosetta ; and after they had embarked he joined 
 the forc" under Mujor-General Sir Eyre Coote bofore 
 Alexandria, The surrender ol' Alexandria, on the 2d of 
 Sept* mber 1801, terminated the campaign, for his services 
 in whicli lie received the guM medal coulerrcd by the Grand 
 Seignior on the several ollico's employed. 
 
 Captain Reyncil wa8 afterwards >ppointcd aide-decvmp 
 to Major-General Ciadock, who was ordered to proceed from 
 Egypt with a Ibrco of four thousand m.'u to Corfu ; but 
 while at sf«a counter-orders were received, and lie proceeded 
 to Malta, and subsequently to England. In July 1HU4 he 
 embarked aa aidc-dc-eamp to Lieut.«General Sir Joon 
 Cradook, K.B,, who had been appointed to the eonmiand of 
 the tro«>[)s at Madras, and wliilc on the passage, namely, the 
 3d of August 1804, ho wa.s pronjoti'd to tiie rank of uuynr in 
 the fortieth regiment. 
 
 l4 
 
 •I 
 
 I 1 
 
136 SEVENTY-FIRST HIGHLAND LIGHT INFANTRY. 
 
 ■Ik 
 
 
 On the 10th of March 1805 Major Reynell received the 
 brevet rank of lieut. -colonel, upon being appointed deputy 
 quarter master-general to the King's troops in the East Indies. 
 In July following he was appointed aide-de-camp to the 
 Marqui» Cornwallis, governor-general of India, and accom- 
 panied his lordship from Madras to Bengal, Avith whop ' ■• 
 remained until his lordship's decease, at Ghazcpore, in ■ t - 
 ber 1805, Licut.-Colonel Reynell returned to Madi ,' 
 mediately afterwards, and was ippointed military secrt.ary 
 to the Lieut. -General Sir John Cradock, the commander-in- 
 chief at that presidency. lie officiated during several 
 months of the year 1806 as deputy adjutant -general in 
 India, in which country he remained until October 1807, 
 when lie returned with Lieut.-Gemral Sir John Cradock 
 to Europe, and arrived in England in April ISO**. 
 
 Lieut.-Colonel Keynell resigned tlie appointmcii* uf deputy 
 quartermaster-general in India, and was bri^ught on full 
 pay as mnjor of the ninety-sixth regincnt on the oth May 
 1808, and on the 22d of September ibliowing was appointed 
 major in the Skventy-fiust regiment. 
 
 In October 1808, Brevet Lieut.-Colonel Reynell embarked 
 as military secretary to Lieut.-Cieneral Sir John Cradock, 
 who had been appointed to command the forces in Portugal, 
 and landed in November at Lisbon, lie remained in Purtugal 
 until April 1809, when Sir Jolni Cradock was superceded in 
 the command of the forces in Portugal by Lieut. -General Sir 
 Arthur Wellesley. Lieut.-Colonel Reynell afterwards accom- 
 panied Lieut.-General Sir John Cradock to Cadiz, Seville, 
 and Gibraltar, of which latter place Sir John Cradock was 
 appointed governor, and Lieut.-Colonel Reynell remained 
 there as military secretary until September, when ho I'c- 
 turned to England. 
 
 Lieut. -Coh)nel Heynell joined tlie Skventv-first regi- 
 ment at Brabourne-Lces Bari.teks in December 180<), im- 
 mediately after its return from Waleheren. In September 
 1810 he embarked at Deal with six eonipaniea of the 
 Skvknty-fihst regiment for Portugal, landed at Lisbon 
 towards the end of that month, marched soon after to Mafra, 
 and thence to Sobra', where the si.x eomj)auies joined the 
 army under Lieut. -CJcnenil Viscount Wollingtou. in Octo- 
 ber Lieut.-Colonel Reynell had the iionor ol' being parti* 
 
SUCCESSION OF COLONELS. 
 
 isr 
 
 culaily mentioned by Viscount Wellington in his despatch, 
 containing an account of the repulse of the attack of tho 
 Fi-cnch at Sobral on the 14th of that month. The British army 
 shortly afterwards retired to the lines of Torres Vcdras, and 
 Brevet Lieut. -Colonel Reynell was appointed assistant 
 adjutant-general to the fourth division under MtAJor-General 
 the Honorable George Lowry Cole. 
 
 Early in March 1811, the army of Marshal Masscna 
 broke up from its entrenched position at Santarem, and 
 retreated to the northward. Brevet Lieut.-Coloncl Reynell 
 entered Santarem with the fourth division the day after 
 jMarshal Masscna had left it, and continued in the pursuit of 
 the French am y to the Mondego. In the affair of Redinha 
 h(! had a horse killed under him. From Esiiinhal the fourth 
 division was ordei'ed to retrograde, and reeross the Tagus, 
 for the purpose of reinforcing Marshal Sir William Carr 
 Beresford. In 1811 he joined the Marshal at Portalegre, 
 and being the senior British assistant adjutant-general, was 
 directed to join Marshal Beresford's head quarters, and pro- 
 ceeded with him to Campo Mayor, from which the enemy 
 retired; was also present at the capture of 01iven(;a, and 
 Hubseciuently accompanied the marshal to Zafra, between 
 which place and Llerena a smart skirmish occurred with the 
 enemy's hussars. In May 1811, Lieut.-Colonel Reynell 
 returned to England from Lisbon with despatches from 
 Viscount Wellington. 
 
 In July 1811, Brevet Lieut.-Colonel Reynell embarked as 
 military secretary to Lieut.-General Sir Jolin Cradock, 
 K.B., who had been appointed governor and commander of 
 the forces at the Cape of Good Hope, where he arrived by 
 the end o\' September. On the 4th of June IHI'J, he re- 
 ceived the brevet rank of colonel; and on the 5th of August 
 1813, he was promoted lieut. -colonel of the Skvkntv-first 
 regiment, in succession to Lieut.-Colonel tlie HonorabK? 
 Henry Cadogan, who was mortally wounded in the battUj 
 of Vittoria ; in February following, being d(>siri)us of join- 
 ing the corps. Colonel Reynell resigned his staff situation at 
 the Cape, and proceeded to England, where hi- arrived in 
 May 1814. In July of that year lie was appolnli-d adjutant- 
 general to the force then preparing for service in America 
 
 m 
 
 M' 
 
 Ml 
 
138 SEVENTY-FIBST HIGHLAND LIGHT INPANTBT. 
 
 7i-j ;i 
 
 under Lieut^-General Lord Hill ; but, other operations being 
 then in view, that appointment was cancelled. 
 
 Colonel Rejnell took the command of the first battalion 
 of the Seventy-first regiment at Limerick in December 
 1814, and embarked with it from Cork in January of the 
 following year, as part of an expedition for North America ; 
 but peace having been concluded with the United States, 
 and contrary winds having prevented the sailing of the 
 vessels, the destinutit.n of the battalion was changed. In 
 March Colonel Reynell received orders to proceed with his 
 battalion to the Downs, where, in the middle of April, it 
 was transhipped into small vessels, and sere immediately to 
 Ostend, to join the army forming in Flanders, in consequence 
 of Napoleon Bonaparte having returned from Elba to 
 France. 
 
 In the memorable battle of Waterloo, fought on the 18tli 
 of June 1815, Colonel Reynell commanded the first bat- 
 talion of the Seventy-first regiment, and was wounded in 
 the foot on that occasion. He afterwards succeeded to the 
 command of Major-Greneral Adam's brigade, consisting of 
 the first battalions of the fifty-second and Seventy-first, 
 with six companies of the second, and two companies of the 
 third battalion of the ninety-fifth regiment, in consequence 
 of that officer being wounded. Colonel Reynell commanded 
 the light brigade in the several operations that took place 
 on the route to Paris, and entered that capital at the head 
 of the brigade on the 7th of July 1815 and encamped with 
 it in the Champs Elysees, being the only British troops 
 quai'tered within the barriers. In this year he was appointed 
 a Companion of the Order of the Bath, and received the 
 Cross of a Knight of the Austrian Military Order of Maria 
 Theresa, also a Cross of the fourth class of the Russian 
 Military Order of St. George. 
 
 Colonel Reynell remained with tlio ^'^ Army of Occupa- 
 tion^ in France until October 1818, when, after a grand 
 review oi" the united British, Danish, and Russian contingents 
 at Valenciennes, the Seventy-first marched to Calais, and 
 (mibarked for England. Colonel Reynell continued in com- 
 mand of the regiment until the 12th of August 1819, the 
 date of lii.x promotion to the rank of msjor-general. 
 
SUC0E3i:TON OF COLOKBLSi 
 
 189 
 
 ]ji April 1820 Majos^General Reynell was suddenly 
 ordered to proceed to Glasgow, having been appointed to 
 the r -jff of North Brit? in as a major-general, in which 
 cour-^r he remained uutil March 1821, when, in conse- 
 quencf* f the tranquillity of Scotland, the extra general 
 officer was discontinued. Immediately afterwards he was 
 appointed to the staff of the East Indies, and directed to 
 proceed to Bombay, for which presidency he embarked in 
 September following, and where he arrived in March 1822. 
 After remaining there a ivonth, Major-General Reynell was 
 removed to the staff of the Bengal Presidency, by order 
 of the Marquis of Hastings. In August Major-General 
 Reynell procef^ded "p the Ganges, and took the command of 
 the Meerut division on the 3d of December 1 822. 
 
 Tlienext operation cf importance in which Major-General 
 Reynell was engaged was the siege of Bhurtpore. Early in 
 December 1825 a large force had been assembled for this pur- 
 pose, to the command of which he had been appointed, when, 
 just as the troops were about to move into the Bhurtpore 
 states, General Lord Combermere, the new commander-in- 
 chief in India, arrived from England, and Major-General 
 Reynell was then appointed to command the first division of' 
 infantry. He commanded that division during the siege, 
 and directed the movements of the column of assault at the 
 north-east angle on the 18th of January 1826, when the 
 place was carried, an( ilu^ citadel surrendered a few hours 
 after. For this servi ' he was appointed a Knight Com- 
 mander of the Bath, i, well as honored with the thanks of 
 both Houses of Parliament. 
 
 M^or-General Sir Thomas Reynell succeeded to the baro- 
 netcy upon the decease of liis brother Sir Richard Littleton 
 Reynell in September 1829 ; and on the 30th of January 1832 
 was appointed by His Miycsty King William IV. to be colonel 
 of the ninety-ninth rej,! aent, from which he was removed to 
 the eighty-seventh Royal Irish fusiliers on the 15th of 
 August 1834. On the 10th of January 1837, he was pro- 
 moted to the rank of Meut. -general, and on the 14th of 
 June 1839 was appointed a member of tlie consolidated board 
 of general officers for the i ispection and regulation of the 
 clothing of the army. On the 15th of March 1841, he was 
 
 
 til 
 
 fi 
 
140 SEVENTY-FIRST HIGHLAND LIGHT INFANTRY. 
 
 appoint^ 1 by Her Majesty to the colonelcy of the Seventy- 
 first regiment. The decease of Lieut.-General Sir Thomas 
 Reynell, Bart., K.C.B., occurred at Avisfoi i, "oar Arundel, 
 on the 10th of Februai-y 1848. 
 
 Sir Thomas Arbuthnot, K.C.B. 
 
 Appointed lSt?i February 1848. 
 
 This officer entered the army as ensign in the twenty-nintli 
 regiment on the 23d of November 1794, and was promoted 
 lieutenant in the fortieth regiment on the 1st of May 1796. 
 He was advanced to the rank of captain in the eighth West 
 India regiment on the 25th of June 1 798, and on the 26th of 
 May 1803 was appointed captain in the royal staff corps, and 
 on the 7th of April 1808 was promoted major in the fifth 
 "West India regiment, in which year he joined the staff of the 
 army in the Peninsula, first as assistant adjutant-general, 
 and afterwards as assistant quartermaster-general. Major 
 Arbuthnot was present at the battles of Roleia, Vimiera, and 
 Corunna. 
 
 On the 24th of May, 1810 he received the rank of 
 lieuit-rtant-colonel in the army, and was appointed deputy 
 nu U'l'fmastcr-general at the Cape of Good Hope, where he 
 iiriiv; d on the 25th March 1811. Lieut. -Colonel Arbuthnot 
 Wiis appointed aide-de-camp to His Royal Highness the 
 Piince Regent on the 7th of February 1812, and in May 
 1813 proceeded from the Cape to the Peninsula, and was 
 present at the battles of the Pyrenees, Nivelle, and Orthes. 
 For these services in the Peninsula and south of Franco 
 he was decorated Avith a cross and one clasp. On the 24th 
 of March 1814, Brevet Lieut. -Colonel Arbuthnot was ap- 
 pointed lieutenant-eolonel of the fifty-seventh regiment, and 
 on the4lhof June following received the brevet rank of colonel 
 in the army. In January 1815 he Avas nominated a Knight 
 Commander of the Bath, and on the 12th of August 1819 
 was appointed lieutoaant.- colonel of the Skventv-fikst 
 regiment. On the f:!7th of May 1825 he attained the rank 
 of major-general, and on the 15th of August 1836 was 
 appointed colonel of the ninety-ninth regiment. Sir Thomas 
 Arbuthnot was advanced to the rank of lieutenant-general 
 
 
 t*' 
 
/• 
 
 SUCCESSION OF COLONELS. 
 
 141 
 
 on the 28th of June 1838, and was removed to the fifty- 
 second regiment on the 23d of December 1839. In August 
 1842 he was appointed to the command of the northern and 
 midland districts of Great Britain, which he retained until 
 liis decease. On the 7th of December 1844 Lieut.-General 
 Sir Thomas Arbuthnot was removed from the fifty second 
 to the ninth foot, and on the 18th of February 1848 was 
 appointed colonel of the Skventy-first regiment. Lieut.- 
 General Sir Thomas Ari Jthnot, K.C.B., died at Salford, 
 near Manchester, o lo 26th of January 1849. 
 
 ^iikf 
 
 Sir James. K.CB. and K.C.H. 
 
 Appointed from titi .rtv y-ninth regiment on the 
 
 ^th Fehnuiry 1849. 
 
 m 
 
 u 
 • m 
 
 Jl 
 

 IMAGE EVALUATION 
 TEST TARGET (MT-S) 
 
 1.0 
 
 I.I 
 
 lA^lli 12.5 
 
 2.0 
 
 lit 
 
 140 
 
 M 
 
 
 ll^lJi^Ui^ 
 
 If II^^^B^^^^^E IIIIIHHHI^BB IHH^HI^^^^B 
 
 
 ^ 
 
 6" 
 
 ► 
 
 
 
 Photographic 
 
 Sciences 
 
 Corporation 
 
 41^ ^ 
 
 
 >>. 
 
 » WHI MAIN SIHIT 
 
 WIU1H,N.V. )4SM 
 
 (rU)in-4S03 
 
 '^ 
 

Ui 
 
 .>itri,^€Xi..?ir/l-W' CO«'!iiiif.T«KI^: 
 
 
 
/ 
 
 148 t A 
 
 ^i 
 
 ' I 
 
 t . ■ 
 
 VmI'* 
 
 
 .•h..<^^r^Z'-''-A APPENDIX. 
 
 Memoir of Captain Fhilu> Melvill of the SeyemtT'FIBST 
 
 Regiment. 
 
 I*- Captain Philip Melvill was the fourth and youngest son 
 of John Melvill, Esq., of Dunbar, and was bom on the 7th of 
 April 1 762. At the age of sixteen he obtained a commisiiion, 
 on the 31 St December 1777, as a lieutenant in the seventy- 
 third now the Seventy-first regiment, commanded by 
 Colonel John Lord Macleod, on condition of raising a, 
 certain number of men, which, by the influence of his 
 relatives in the north of Scotland, he effected. Lieutenant 
 Melvill joined the regiment at Elgin, and was appointed 
 to the light company. In 1779 he embarked for India 
 with his regiment, and arrived at Madras in January 1780. 
 His services now became identical with those of Captain 
 Baird, under whose command lie proceeded as part of a 
 reinforcement to Liout.-Colonel Baillie, as detailed in the 
 foregoing pages. In the action on the 10th of September 
 1780, at Perambaukum, Lieutenant Melvill was severely 
 wounded in both arms; his left being broken, and, after 
 surrendering, the muscles of his right arm wore cut in two 
 by a sabre. He was dashed unmercifully to the ground, and 
 as he lay exhausted, a horseman wounded him in the back 
 witH his spear. In this miserable situation he continued 
 for two days and two nights, exposed to the intense heat of 
 a burning sun, and to the danger of being vom to pieces by 
 beasts of prey. He was afterwards conveyed to Hyder's 
 camp, and was confined at Bangalore with the other pri- 
 soners. After three years and a half of confinement, they 
 obtained their release in March 1784. 
 
 Lieutenant Melvill had been advanced to the rank of 
 captain on the 22d of June 1783 ; and being disabled from 
 military duty by the condition of his wounds, was, on being 
 released from captivity, enabled to visit his brother at 
 Bcngpl, where he remained until the beginning of the year 
 
144 
 
 APPENDIX. 
 
 1786. Captain Mclvill then returned to England, when 
 he was appointed, on the 8d of Jonuary 1787, to the 
 command of an invalid company fttationcd in Guernsey, 
 where he remained for flvo year». He subsequently ex- 
 changed into a company at Portsmouth, and was afterwards 
 placed on the retired li»t, in consequence of ill-health. 
 After remaining a year in retirement at Topsham, in 
 Devonshire, Captain Molvill, on the 29th of September 
 1796, exchanged his full pay as a retired captain for the 
 command of an invalid company stationed at Pendennis 
 Castle in Cornwall. 
 
 In the year 1797, when preparations were made by 
 France for invading Great Britain, Captain Melvill, who 
 had been appointed lieut.-govcrnor of Pendennis Castle, 
 was mainly instrumental in forming a corps of volunteers, 
 which was subsequently retained, first as the Pendennis 
 Volunteer Artillery, and afterwards as fli body of local 
 militin. 
 
 Lieut.-Governor Molvill died on the 27th October 1811, 
 aged forty-nine, and was interred in Falmouth Churoli. 
 
 Memoir of the aervicea of Omeral the Bight Honorable 
 Sir David Baird, Bart., G.C.B. Sf K.C.y formerly 
 Lieut.'Calonel of the Seventy •first Begiment. 
 
 Tins celebrated commander commenced his mili: areer 
 as an ensign in the second foot, Itis commission being dated 
 the 14th of December 1772. He joined the regiment at 
 Gibraltar in April 1773, and in 1773 returned with it to 
 England. In February 1778 ho wan promoted lieutenant 
 in tlie second foot, and on the 16th of December 1777 was 
 promoted to a company in the Heventy third regiment, then 
 being raised by Colonel Lord Mac'leod, which was afterwards 
 numbered the SKVKNTV.nniiT regiment. This corps Captain 
 Baird joined at Elgin, from wlience he marched to Fort 
 George, and embarked for Guernsey. In January 1779 ho 
 embarked with his regiment for India, and arrived at Madras 
 in January 1780. Tlie regiment, shortly after its arrival 
 in India, was called upon to take part in the war against 
 
APPENDIX. 
 
 145 
 
 Hyder Ali, the powerful sovereign of the Mysore, whose 
 army exceeded eighty thousand, besides a strong body under 
 a general of the name of Meer Saib, who had entered the 
 Company's territories on the north. This force was ren- 
 dered still more formidable and effective by the aid of 
 Monsieur Lally's troops, and a great number of French offi- 
 cers who served his artillery, and even directed all his 
 marches and operations. The British army ready to oppose 
 this invasion did not consist of five thousand men. These 
 were commanded by Major-Gencral Sir Hector Munro, K.B., 
 and were stationed at St. Thomas's Mount, in the immediate 
 neighbourhood of Madras, in order to cover that city. Here 
 they were joined by Colonel Lord Macleod and the seventy- 
 third regiment. 
 
 Hyder Ali, after a march across the country, which he 
 marked by fire and sword, suddenly turned upon Arcot, and 
 on the 21st of August 1780 sat down before that city, as the 
 first operation of the war. Arcot was the capital town of 
 the territory of the nabob of that name, the only prince in 
 India who was friendly and in alliance with the Company. 
 It contained immense stores of provisions, and, what was 
 equally wanted, a vast treasure of money. There was another 
 important reason, which required on the part of the British 
 an immediate attention to this movement. Lieut.-Colonel 
 Baillie, wit' a body of troops, was in the Northern Circars ; 
 and Hyder Ali, by besieging Arcot, had interposed himself 
 between this detachment and the main army under Major- 
 General Sir Hector Munro. Orders were immediately sent 
 to Lieut. Colonel Baillie to hasten to the Mount, to join the 
 main army ; and Sir Hector Munro, at once to meet Lieut.- 
 Colonel Baillie and to raise the siege of Arcot, marched on 
 the 25th of August with his army for Conjevcram, a place 
 forty miles distant from Madras, in the Arcot road. 
 
 The British troops were foUoAvod during the whole way 
 by the enemy's liorse. They wore four days on their march 
 to Conjevcram, and when they arrived, they found the whole 
 country under water, and no provisions of any kind to bo 
 procured. So relax were the commissaries appointed by 
 the Madras government, that the army had but four days' 
 provisions ; in the midst of the most fertile region of India, 
 and in the very onset and commencement of a war, the 
 
146 
 
 APPENDIX. 
 
 troops were in danger of being famished. The army had no 
 other resource than to spread itself individually over the fields, 
 and, at the risk of being destroyed in detail by the enemy's 
 horse, collect the growing rice, up to thieir knees in water. 
 
 Hyder Ali, as the British general foresaw, raised the 
 siege of Arcot upon this movement towards Conjeveram ; 
 but) what he had not foreseen, his politic enemy threw his 
 army in such a manner across the only possible road of 
 Lieut. -Colonel Baillie's detachment, as to prevent the desired 
 junction, which had been expected to have taken place on tho 
 30th of August, the day after the arrival of the army at Con- 
 jeveram. Lieut.-Colonel Baillie, before this last movement 
 of the enemy to cut him off, had been stopped for some days, 
 at no great distance, by the sudden rising of a small river. 
 Hyder made use of this time to throw his army between 
 them. On tho 5th of September Lieut.-Colonel Baillie 
 effected his passage over the river, but Hyder, being informed 
 of it, made a second movement, Avhich completely intercepted 
 him. In order in some degree, however, to defeat this 
 movement, but with slight hopes of success, Sir Hector 
 Munro changed his position likewise, and advanced about 
 two miles, to a high ground on the Tripassoor road, which 
 was tho way that the expected detachment was to come. 
 By these movements the hostile camps were brought within 
 two miles of each other, the enemy lying about that dis- 
 tance to the left of the British. 
 
 Lieut. -Colonel Baillie had passed the river in his way on 
 the afternoon of the 5th of September, and encamped for 
 the night. Hyder, on receiving this information, made the 
 movement before related, and other arrangements on the 
 following morning, tho 6th of September, and Sir Hector 
 Munro changed his own position at tho same time. This 
 change was scarcely effected when tho evident bustle in the 
 enemy's army explained its purpose. Jn fact the purport 
 of Hyder's movement was to cover and support a great 
 attack at that moment making on Lieut.-Coloncl Baillie's 
 detachment. He had already pent his brother-in-law, IMcer 
 Saib, with eight thousand horse upon that service, and 
 immediately afterwards detached his son, Tippoo Saib, with 
 six thousand infantry, eighteen thousand cavalry, and twelve 
 pieces oi cannon, to join in a united and decisive attack. 
 
APPENDIX. 
 
 147 
 
 They encountered Lieut.-Colonel Baillie at a place called 
 Perambaukum, where he made the most masterly dispositions 
 to withstand this vast superiority of force. After an ex- 
 ceedingly severe and well-fought action, of several hours' 
 continuance, the enemy was routed, and Lieut.-Colonol 
 Baillie gained as complete a victory as a total want of 
 cavalry and the smallness of his numbers could possibly 
 admit. Through these circumstances he lost his baggage. 
 His whole force did not exceed two thousand sepoys, and 
 from one to two companies of European artillery. 
 
 This success, however, by diminishing Lieut. -Colonel 
 Baillie's force, only added to his distress. The British camp 
 was within a few miles, but Hyder's army lay full in his 
 way, and he was, moreover, in the greatest want of provi- 
 sions. Under these circumstances, Lieut.-Colonel Baillie 
 despatched a messenger toMajor-General Sir Hector Munro, 
 with an account of his situation, stating that he had sus- 
 tained a loss which rendered him incapable of advancing, 
 while his total want of provisions rendered it equally im- 
 possible for him to remain in his present position. A 
 council of war being held, at which Colonel Lord Macleod 
 assisted, it was resolved to send a reinforcement to Lieut.- 
 Colonel Baillie, to enable him to p ish forward in despite of 
 the enemy. Lieut.-Colonel Fletcher, Captain Baird, and 
 other officers were sent off with a strong detachment to the 
 relief of Liout.-Colonel Baillie. The main force of this 
 detachment consisted of the flank companies of the first 
 battalion of the Seventy-third, afterwards numbered the 
 Seventy-first regiment, the light company being com- 
 manded by Captain Baird. There were two other companies 
 of European grenadiers, one company of sepoy marksmen, 
 and ten companies of sepoy grenadiers. In all about a thou- 
 sand men. The junction was effected with some difficulty 
 on the 9th of September, and the following day was appointed 
 for the march of the united detachment. Accordingly, day- 
 light had scarcely broken when it commenced its march. 
 By seven o'clock in the morning of liho 10th of September 
 the enemy poured down upon them in. thousands. The 
 British fought with the greatest heroism, and at one time 
 victory seemed to be in their favour. But the tumbrils 
 containing the ammunition accidentally blew up with two 
 
 K 2 
 
148 
 
 APFENDIX. 
 
 dreadful explosions in the centre of their lines. The 
 destruction of men was great, but the total loss of their 
 ammunition was still more fatal to the survivors. This 
 turned the fortune of the day, and after successive prodigies 
 of valour the brave sf'poys were almost to a man cut to 
 pieces. 
 
 Lieut.-Colonels Baillie and Fletcher, assisted by Captain 
 Baird, made one more deoperate effort. They rallied the 
 Europeans, and, under the fire of the whole of the immense 
 artillery of the enemy, gained a little eminence, and formed 
 themselves into a fresh square. Tn this form did this invin- 
 cible band, though totally without ammunition, the officers 
 fighting with their swords and the soldiers with their 
 bayonets, resist and repulse the myriads of the enemy in 
 thirteen difierent attacks, until at length, incapable of with- 
 standing the successive torrents of fresh troops which were 
 continually pouring upon them, they were fairly borne down 
 and trampled on, many of them still continuing to fight 
 under the legs of the horses and elephants. 
 
 The loss of the British in the action at Ferambaukum was 
 of course great ; and it is a reasonable subject of surprise 
 that any escaped. Lieut.-Coloncl Fletcher was amongst 
 the slain. Lieut.-Colonel Baillie, Captain Baird, after being 
 severely wounded in four places, together with Captain the 
 Honorable John Lindsay, Lieutenant Philip Melvill, and 
 other officers, with two hundred Europeans, were made 
 prisoners. They were carried into the presence of Hyder, 
 who, with a true Asiatic barbarism, received them with the 
 most insolent triumph and ferocious pride. The British 
 officers, with a spirit worthy of their country, retorted his 
 pride by an indignant coolness and contempt. " Your son 
 will inform you," said Lieut.-Colonel Baillie, appealing to 
 Tippoo, who was present, " that you owe the victory to our 
 disaster rather than to our defeat." Hyder angrily ordered 
 them from his presence, and commanded them instantly to 
 prison, whera they remained for three years and a half, 
 enduring great hardships. Captain Baird being chained by 
 the leg to another prisoner. 
 
 In March 1784 Captain Baird was released, and in July 
 joined his regiment at Arcot. In 1786 the Seventy-third 
 was directed to be numbered the SBVENTY-FmsT regiment. 
 
/■ 
 
 APPENDIX. 
 
 149 
 
 Captain Baird was promoted to the rank of major in the 
 Seventy-first regiment on the 5th of June 1787, and in 
 October obtained leave of absence, when he returned to 
 Great Britain. He was advanced to the lieut.-colonelcy 
 of the regiment on the 8th of December 1790, and in 1791 
 proceeded to India, and joined the army under General the 
 Earl Cornwallis. Lieut. -Colonel Baird commanded a bri- 
 gade of sepoys, and was present at the attack of a number 
 of droogs or hill forts ; also at the siege of Seringapatam in 
 1791 and 1792 ; likewise at the storming of Tippoo's lines 
 and camps on the island of Seringapatam. In 1793 the 
 Lieut. -Colonel commanded a brigade of Europeans, and was 
 present at the siege of Pondicherry. On the 21st of August 
 1795, he was promoted to the brevet rank of colonel, and in 
 October 1797 embarked at Madras with the Seventy-first 
 for Europe, but on arrival at the Cape of Good Hope, in 
 January following, he was appointed brigadier-general, and 
 placed on that staff in command of a brigade. He was pro- 
 moted to the rank of major-general on the 18th of June 
 1798, and was removed to the staff in India. Major-General 
 Baird sailed from the Cape of Good Hope for Madras in 
 command of two regiments of infantry and the drafts of 
 the twenty-eighth dragoons, and arrived at his destination 
 in January 1799. On the 1st of February he joined the 
 army forming at VcUore for the attack of Seringapatam, 
 and commanded a brigade of Europeans. On the 4th of 
 May Major-General Baird commanded the storming party 
 Avith success, and, in consequence, was presented by the 
 army, through Lieut. -General, afterwards Lord Harris, 
 Commander-in-Chief, with Tippoo Sultan's sta. \ ;.word, and 
 a dress sword from the field officers serving undei his imme- 
 diate command. In 1800 he was removed to the Bengal 
 staff, and on the 9th of May of that year was appointed 
 colonel-commandant of the fifty-fourth, and colonel of that 
 regiment on the 8th of May 180], in which year he waa 
 appointed to command the forces which were sent from 
 India to Egypt, and arrived at Cosseir in June, afterwards 
 crossed the desert, and embarked on the Nile, arriving in 
 the following month at Grand Cairo. He joined the army 
 under Lieut.-General Sir John Hutchinson, afterwards the 
 Earl of Donoughmore, a few days before the surrender of 
 
 K 3 
 
mo 
 
 APPENDIX 
 
 Alexandria, which capitulated on the 2d of September, and 
 terminated the campaign in Egypt. ■ • ...... " . ^ 
 
 In 1802 Major-General Baird returned across the desert 
 to India, and was removed to the Madras staff in 1803, and 
 commanded a large division of the army forming against 
 the Mahrattas. He marched into the Mysore country, 
 where the Commander-in-Chief, Lieut.-General James 
 Stuart, joined him, and afterwards arrived on the banks of 
 the river Jambudra, in command of the line. Major-General 
 Wellesley, the present Duke of Wellington, being appointed 
 to the command of the greater part of the army, Major- 
 General Baird proceeded into the Mahratta country, and 
 subsequently obtained permission to return to Great Britain. 
 Ho sailed in March with his staff from Madras, and wa» 
 taken prisoner by a French privateer. In October he was 
 re-taken as the ship was entering Corunna. He arrived in 
 England on the 3d of November, having given his parole 
 that he should consider himself as a prisoner of war ; but 
 shortly after Major-General Baird and staff were exchanged 
 for the French General Morgan and his staff. 
 
 Major-General Sir David Baird, who had received the 
 honour of knighthood, was promoted to the rank of lieut.- 
 general on the 30th of October 1805, and commanded an 
 expedition against the Cape of Good Hope, where he arrived 
 on the Sth of January 1806, and effected a landing on the 
 following day. On the 8th, the Dutch army was defeated ; 
 on the 10th, the castle and town of Cape Town surrendered ; 
 and on the 18th, General Janssens surrendered the colony. 
 In 1807 Lieut.-General Sir David Baird returned to England, 
 and on the 19th of July of that year was removed from the 
 colonelcy of the fifty-fourth to that of the twenty-fourth 
 regiment. His next service was in the expedition to Copen- 
 hagen under Lieut.-General Lord Cathcart, at the siege of 
 which he commanded a division, and was twice slightly 
 wounded. In 1808 Lieut.-GU neral Sir David Baird was 
 placed on the staff in Ireland, and commanded the camp on 
 the Curragh of Kildarc. In September of that year he 
 embarked at the Cove of Cork, in the command of a division, 
 consisting of about five thousand infantry, for Falmouth, 
 where he received reinforcements, and sailed in command of 
 about ten thousand men for Corunna, where he arrived in the 
 
APPENDIX. 
 
 151 
 
 beginning of November, and formed a junction with the 
 army under Lieut.-General Sir John Moore. Lieut.-Greneral 
 Sir David Baird commanded the first division of that army, 
 and in the battle of Gorunna, on the 16th of January 1809, 
 he lost his left arm. Sir David Baird received the thanks 
 of both Houses of Parliament for his services at Corunna ; 
 " an honor of which," he remarked in his reply to the 
 House of Peers, " no one can be more fully sensible than 
 " myself, having had the good fortune to be deemed worthy 
 " of this eminent distinction on four several occasions ;" 
 alluding to his name having been included in the votes of 
 thanks for the operations of the army in India in 1799, for 
 those of Egypt in 1801, and in the Danish expedition in 
 1807. 
 
 In testimony of the Royal approbation, Lieut.-General 
 Sir David Baird was created a baronet, by patent dated 
 13th April 1809, and was promoted to the rank of general 
 on the 4th of June 1814 ; on the 2d of January 1815 he 
 was nominated a Knight Grand Cross of the Order of the 
 Batb, and was appointed governor of Kinsale on the 1 1th 
 of March 1819, and of Fort George, North Britain, on the 
 4th of December 1827. He was also a privy councillor for 
 Ireland. His decease occurred at his seat, Femtower, in 
 Perthshire, on the 18th of August 1829. 
 
 Memoir of the services of Major- General Sir Denis Packf 
 K-C.B. and C.T.S.^ formerly Lieut.- Colonel of the 
 Seventy-first regiment. 
 
 This distinguished officer entered the army as a cornet in 
 the fourteenth li^ht dragoons, his commission being dated 
 30th November 1791, and joined that regiment in Dublin in 
 January 1792. He served in Ireland, and was engaged in 
 quelling some disturbances, between that period and 1794, 
 when he embarked at Cork for the Continent, and landed 
 with the forces under Lieut.-Gencral the Earl of Moira at 
 Ostcnd. After his lordship's march from thence to form a 
 junction with the army under His Royal Highness the Duke 
 of York, Cornet Pack oflFered his services and was em- 
 ployed to carry an important despatch to Nieuport, in which 
 
 K 4 
 
 M 
 
 , i 
 
152 
 
 ▲PFEKDIX. 
 
 attempt he fortunately succeeded, and was thanked for it 
 by M%jor-General Richard Yyse. His commanding officer's 
 squadron of the fourteenth light dragoons was destined^ 
 after the embarkation at Ostcnd, to retreat to Nieuporti 
 which it effected by the advance of a corps from that place 
 to its suppoii;. Nieuport being almost immediately invcstedf 
 farther retreat from thence became extremely hazardous and 
 difficult. Cornet Pack was in a boat with about two 
 hundred emigrants, and did not gain the sea without a sharp 
 action and a severe loss. It conveyed the last of those who 
 escaped the horrors which befel that ill-fated garrison. He 
 joined the Duke of York's army near Antwerp, and was in 
 the action at Boxtel, and some partial affairs. Ho served 
 that severe winter campaign, and in 1795 returned to 
 England, and was promoted to a lieutenancy in the fourteenth 
 light dragoons on the 12th of March of that year. 
 
 Lieutenant Pack subsequently embarked at (Southampton 
 in command of a detachment of eighty dragoons destined 
 for Quiberon Bay. After the failure of the emigrants there, 
 he proceeded under the orders of Major-General Welbore 
 Ellis Doyle to the Isle de Dieu, where he landed, and 
 did duty for some months as field officer. In 1796, Lieu- 
 tenant Pack returned to England, and on the 27th February 
 of that year was promoted to the rank of captain in the 
 fifth dragoon guards, which regiment he accompanied to 
 Ireland, and was frequently engaged during the rebellion 
 in that country, and Avas noticed in a despatch dated 21 st of 
 June 1798, from General the Marquis Cornwallis, K.G., on 
 the occasion of Captain Pack's detachment defeating a party 
 of rebels, on the 19th of that month, between Bathangan 
 and Prosperous. 
 
 When the French landed a force in that country, Captain 
 Pack was specially employed by General the Marquis Corn- 
 wallis, with a detached squadron, and after the surrender of 
 General Humbert he 'vj.s appointed to command the escort 
 which was despatched In charge of him and the other 
 French generals to Dublin. 
 
 On the 25th of August 1798 Captain Pack was advanced 
 to the rank of major in the fourth royal Irish dragoon 
 guards, and embarked Avith his regiment in the expedition 
 to Holland, but was countermanded, and stationed in 
 
/■ 
 
 APPENDIX. 
 
 153 
 
 England and Scotland until 1800, Avhen he was promoted, 
 on the 6th of December of that year, to the rank of lieu- 
 tenant-colonel in the Seventy-first regiment, and on the 
 24th of April 1801 joined that corps in Ireland, in which 
 country he served until August 1805, when he embarked at 
 Cork with the first battalion of the Seventy-first regiment 
 in the expedition to the Cape of Good Hope under Major- 
 General Sir David Baird, and was engaged and severely 
 wounded in effecting the landing at the Cape en the 6th of 
 January 1806, but continued in the field, and was, on the 
 8th of January, in the action at Bleubcrg. These operations 
 led to a treaty, which was signed on the 19th of the same 
 month, by which the Cape of Good Hope was surrendered 
 to Great Britain. 
 
 In April 1806 Lieut.-Colonel Pack proceeded, with the first 
 battalion of the Seventy-first, in the expedition to South 
 America under the command of Brigadier-General William 
 Carr Beresford, afterwards General Viscount Beresford, and 
 was present in six actions with the enemy in that country, 
 and was wounded, and detained a prisoner, contrary to 
 the capitulation which restored the town of Buenos Ayres 
 to the Spaniards. Lieut.-Colonel Pack subsequently effected 
 his escape with Brigadier-General Beresford, and joined 
 the army at Monte Video, under Brigadier- General Sir 
 Samuel Auchmuty, who, at the request of Lieut.-Colonel 
 Pack, directed a board of naval and military officers to inquire 
 into the particulars of his escape, by whom it was unani- 
 mously approved, and he was declared free to serve.* 
 Lieut.-Colonel Pack was then detached with a small force 
 to Colonia, where he commanded successfully in two 
 actions ; namely, in an attack on the enemy on his post, 
 and in one made on his, at St. Pedro, when, after a forced 
 night march, the troops under his orders, amounting to 
 1,013 rank and file, routed the enemy, on the 7th of June 
 1807, and captured a standard, together with 105 prisoners, 
 including one lieut.-colonel and five other officers ; all his 
 artillery, baggage, &c. were likewise taken. 
 
 Lieut.-Colonel Pack was shortly afterwards appointed by 
 
 ii 
 
 * Lieut-Colonel Pack's narrative of his escape is highly interesting, 
 and is inserted at page 158. 
 
154 
 
 ▲FPSNDIX. 
 
 m 
 
 Lieut.-General John Wliitelocko to the command of all the 
 light companies in his army, and joined the force then in 
 the River PHte destined to act against Buenos Ayres. He 
 was engaged in two successful actions with the enemy prior 
 to the unfoi tunate attack on the town, in which he was 
 three times wounded. Towards the end of 1807 he 
 returned to Europe, and early in 1808 had the Seventt- 
 riRST completely re-equipped; and, proceeding with the 
 first battalion of the regiment from Cork to Portugal, 
 on the 17th of June following, in the expedition under 
 Lieut.-General Sir Arthur Wellesley, was present in the 
 battles of Roleia and Vimiera, on the 17th and 2l8t of 
 August 1808, which rescued Portugal from the French. 
 The conduct of the battalion and of Lieut.-Colonel Pack 
 was noticed in the public despatches, and the troops re- 
 ceived the thanks of both Houses of Parliament. 
 
 Lieut.-Colonel Pack afterwards marched into Spain, under 
 Lieut.-General Sir John Moore, and was at the affair of 
 Lugo on the 6th of January 1809, and at the battle of 
 Corunna on the 16th of that month, after which he returned 
 to England, and embarked in July folloAving for Holland, 
 under Lieut.-General the Earl of Chatham. On landing at 
 Walcheren, Lieut.-Colonel Pack was appointed to command 
 a small corps of cavalry and light infantry ; was employed 
 in the siege of Flushing, and particularly named by Lieut.- 
 General Sir Eyre Coote for the command of a detachment 
 to storm an advanced work on the right of the enemy's line. 
 These orders were successfully executed, the detachment 
 taking forty-nine prisoners, and spiking the guns, though 
 defended by five times the number of men under Lieut.- 
 Colonel Pack. After the surrender of Flushing he was 
 appointed commandant of Ter Veer, where he was danger- 
 ously ill for a short period, but remained until the island 
 was evacuated, on which occasion, in conjunction with 
 Commodore Owen, he commanded the rear-guard of the 
 army. 
 
 Soon after tlic return of the Sbvkntv-first to England, 
 in December 1809, the battalion was prepared again for 
 active j^ervico ; but the government did not consider the 
 men had sufflcicntly recovered the effects of the Walcheren 
 fever. 
 
APPENDIX. 
 
 155 
 
 Lieut.-Colonel Pack, being extremely anxious to bear 
 a part in the momentous campaign about to commence in 
 the Peninsula, obtained His Majesty's permission to proceed 
 to Portugal, and offer his services to Viscount Wellington 
 and Marshal Bercsford. Both generals having decided that 
 he could not be more usefully employed than with the 
 Portuguese troops, ho accepted an infantry brigade in that 
 service, and took the command of it just before the siege of 
 Ciudad Bodrigo by Marshal Massena, previously to his 
 invasion of Portugal. 
 
 On the 25th of July 1810 Lieut.-Colonel Pack was 
 appointed aide-de-camp to the king, with the rank of 
 colonel in the army. After the surrender of Ciudad Rod- 
 rigo, of Almeida, and Marshal Massena's passage of the 
 Coa, Colonel Pack's brigade (an independent one) was 
 directed to take a separate route with a regiment of cavalry 
 attached to it, and remained in presence of the enemy's 
 army at St. CombaUi!', retiring slowly before it, on his 
 advance to the position at Busaco. The conduct of the 
 brigade was noticed in that battle, which was fought 
 on the 27th of September 1810. In the admirable retreat 
 afterwards to the lines of Lisbon, it formed, with the light 
 division and cavalry, the rear-guard of the allied army. 
 The first battalion of the Seventy-first having at that 
 period joined Viscount Wellington, Colonel Pack's wish 
 was to have returned to the battalion, but by the desire of 
 both commanders-in-chief, lie continued to serve in the 
 Portuguese army. 
 
 In 1811 the brigade was in the advance guard in follow- 
 ing the enemy up to his position at Santareni ; was at the 
 out-posts there, and again in the advance on the further 
 retreat of the French from Portugal. It was employed in 
 the investment of Almeida, and in the operations against 
 Marshal Marmont, on his advance to the relief of Ciudad 
 Rodrigo in January 1812. At the siege of Ciudad Rodrigo 
 it bore a distinguished part. It marched to the siege of 
 Badajos, and was in active operations against the enemy on 
 his advance to the Tagus, and subsequent retreat from 
 Portugal. It moved in the advanced guard on the march 
 of the allies to Salamanca and the Douru. It suffered 
 severely in tho battle of Salamanca on the 22d of July 1812. 
 
156 
 
 APPENDIX. 
 
 The brigade was in the march to and capture of Madrid ; 
 in the march to Burgos, and subsequent siege of that place. 
 Previously to the siege of Burgos, detachments under 
 Colonel Pack's command carried by assault the horn-work 
 of that castle, after a desperate and gallant action, for Avhich 
 the special thanks of His Royal Highness the Prince Regent, 
 and the Commander-in-Chief, were given to the troops, 
 through the Marquis of Wellington. In the retreat from 
 Burgos, which commenced in October 1812, the brigade under 
 Colonel Pack formed the rear-guard, and from thence to the 
 frontier of Portugal was very frequently in presence of tho 
 enemy. 
 
 In the memorable advance of the Marquis of Wellington 
 into Spain, in May 1813, and the passage of the Ebro, the 
 brigade was in the advanced guard of the left column of 
 the army under Lieut-General Sir Thomas Graham, after- 
 wards Lord Lynedoch. It was in tiie battle of Vittoria, 
 fought on the 21st of June 1813, and again in the advance 
 of Lieut.-Gcncral Sir Thomas Graham's coi-ps, in tho 
 pursuit of the French to the Bidassoa. Shortly afterwards, 
 Major-Gcneral Pack, to which rank ho was advanced on 
 the 4th of June 1813, was appointed to tho Highland 
 brigade in tho sixth division; tho division at this timo 
 for a short period was also under his command, and after a 
 forced march ho arrived in time to share in the victory 
 gained by tlio Marquis of Wellington over the French 
 under Marshal Soult near Pampeluna, on the 30th of July 
 1813, in which action Major-General Pack was severely 
 wounded in the head. He commanded the Highland 
 brigade in the passage of the Bidassoa, and advance of tho 
 British into France ; in the overthrow of the enemy in his 
 fortified lines before Bayonne ; the advance to and passage 
 of tho Nive ; tho repulse of the enemy's attf'k on tho 
 British position before St. Jean de Luz; and, though not 
 actually engaged, he was present at the signal defeat of tho 
 enemy's desperate attack on Lieut. -General Sir Rowland 
 Hill's corps on the 13th of December 1813. Major-General 
 Pack was also in tho passage of the Bidassoa, the Gavo 
 D'Oleron, and the Pan; at tlu! battle of Orthes on the 27th 
 of February 1814 ; in the passnge of the j> dour at St. Seur, 
 and at thu battle of Toulouse on the lOth of April following, 
 
^ 
 
 APPENDIX. 
 
 157 
 
 in which his brigade had nearly t-vvo-thirds of the officers 
 and I ; ds of half the privates killed and wounded. 
 Louis Is . ill. was shortly afterwards restored to the throne 
 of France, Napoleon retired to the island of Elba, and the 
 Peninsular war terminated. 
 
 In 1813 Major-General Pack had been appointed a 
 Knight Commander of the Portuguese Order of tlic Tower 
 and Sword, and on the 2d of January 1815 was nominated a 
 Knight Commander of the Order of the Bath. He received 
 a cross and seven clasps for the following actions, at all of 
 which he commanded troops, and was personally engaged : 
 Boleia, Vimiera, Corunna, Busaco, siege of CiudadRodrigo, 
 Salamanca, Vittoria, Pyi'ences, Nivelle, Nive, Orthes, and 
 Toulouse. Sir Denis Pack had received eight wounds, six 
 of them rather severe ones; had been frequently struck by 
 shot, and had several horses killed and wounded under him. 
 
 In March 1815 Europe was astounded by the return of 
 Napoleon to Paris. The allied powers, however, refused to 
 recognize his sovereignty, and determined on his dethrone- 
 ment. A large army proceeded to Flanders under Field 
 Marshal the Duke of Wellington, and Major-General Sir 
 Denis Pack was placed in command of a brigade. The 
 campaign Avas as brief as it was glorious. On the 16th of 
 June, Napoleon, after having made one of his rapid move- 
 ments, attacked the Anglo-Belgian troops at Quatre Bras, in 
 which the fifth division under Lieut.-General Sir Thomas 
 Picton, of which Major-General Sir Denis Pack's brigade 
 formed part, was engaged. Then followed the movement 
 on the 17th to Waterloo, where, on the 18th of June, was 
 fought that memorable battle in which the sun of Napoleon 
 set for ever, and the result of which gave to Europe a 
 lengthened period of tranquillity. These arduous conflicts 
 aflForded Major-General Sir Denis Pack several opportunities 
 for distinguishing himself, and adding to his former honors. 
 
 Sir Denis Pack had the honor to receive the thanks of 
 both Houses of Parliament on six different occasions ; 
 namely, for his conduct in the battles of Roleia and Viniicra ; 
 for the siege of Ciudad Rodrigo ; and for the battles of 
 Salamanca, Vittoria, Orthes, and Waterloo. 
 
 On the 8th of January 1816 Major-General Sir Denis 
 Pack was appointed colonel of the York chasseurs, which 
 
 I 
 
158 
 
 APPENDIX. 
 
 corps was Bubeequontly disbanded. On the 12th of August 
 1819 he was appointed lieut.-govc-rnor of Plymouth, and to 
 the command of the troops in the western district, and on the 
 9th of September 1822 lio was appointed colonel of the eighty- 
 fourth regiment. Tlio drceaso of Mtyor-General Sir Denis 
 Pack occurred on tlio 24th of July 1823, at which period 
 he held the command of tho troops in the western district 
 of Great Britain, and tho liout.-govomorship of Plymouth. 
 
 The following letter to Brigadier-General Sir Samuel 
 Auchmuty contains a full and natisfactory explanation of the 
 motives by which Licut.-Coloncl Pack was actuated in 
 effecting his escape, as olhidod to in tho foregoing memoir. 
 
 << j^,j^ " Monto Video, 27th February 1807. 
 
 '^ Anxious to be immediately employed in the service of 
 " my country, I take tho liberty of stating the circumstances 
 " which led mo to make my oioapo from the enemy, trusting 
 *' my conduct on tlio occaMion will meet with your sanction, 
 " and that you will be pUmiicd to take my wishes into con- 
 " sideration. 
 
 " Tho following, I beliovo, will bo found a correct state- 
 " ment of the transaction. 
 
 " Immediotcly after tho surrender of the fort of Buenos 
 " Ayres, on tlio 12th of August last, I understood from 
 " Brigadier-General Boresford that tho conditions verbally 
 " agreed to between hlni and Colonel Liniers were, that the 
 " British troops were to be considered as prisoners of war, 
 " but to be immediately embarked for England or tho Capo 
 " and to bo exchanged for those Spanish prisoners made on 
 " the British possessing themselves of Buenos Ayres. On 
 " tho 13th, in tlio morning, Colonel Liniers despatched a 
 " Spanish oiBcor to Sir Homo Popham, with a letter from 
 " General Beresford, to send tho British transports back for 
 " the purpose of immodiatidy carrying tho treaty into oxecu- 
 " tion, and a few days aft(Twards I was present when 
 " Colonel Liniers imequlvocally afHxod his namo to the 
 " oapitulntiun containing thu above condition. 
 
 " After tho return of tho transports, various delays took 
 " place ; and, I Iwlievc, it was on tho 26th that Colonel 
 *' Liniers informed Genorftl Berosford, in presence of Major 
 
APPENDIX. 
 
 15& 
 
 Tolly of the Seventy-first regiment and Captain Ar- 
 buthnot, the general's aide-de-camp, (from all of whom I 
 learned it,) that he regretted to inform him of its having 
 been resolved, in spite of his efforts, not to embark the 
 British troops, and at the same time, declaring his ( Colonel 
 Linier's) abhorrence of such a breach of faith, and offering 
 to second General Beresford's remonstrance on the occa- 
 sion. On the 27th, in the evening, I heard that Colonel 
 Linier's aide-de-camp had waited on General Beresford, 
 stating it to be the colonel's intention to carry the treaty 
 into execution by privately embarking the men, and re- 
 questing the general would, for that purpose, order the 
 British transports to a particular place. 
 " However, on the 31st of August or the Istof September, 
 it was finally announced to General Beresford, in a letter 
 printed and made public, that our surrender was at dis- 
 cretion, and that it was the determination of the then 
 government of Buenos Ayres that the British troops 
 should be sent to the interior, and the officers, on their 
 parole, to Europe. 
 
 " General Beresford, for obvious reasons, at first declined 
 our passing a parole ; but being given to understand that 
 without it our persons were insecure, and it being deter- 
 mined to separate the officers from the men, he (with the 
 concurrence of the majority of the seniors) finally acceded 
 to it. 
 
 *' Notwithstanding this, on the appearance of a British 
 force in the river, they were suddenly compelled to march, 
 under an armed escort, several miles into the interior, and 
 about two months afterwards orders were given to separate 
 and remove them still farther, and which, (notwithstanding 
 the remonstrances of the brigadier-general) were carried 
 into effect. In his communication at that time with 
 Colonel Liniers, ho fully explained that wo did not con- 
 sider ourselves on parole, nor did we think it binding, after 
 our removal in the first instance, and their refusing to 
 fulfil the conditions under which wo had been prevailed 
 upon to give it. 
 
 " About this time the unfortunate murder of Captain 
 Ogilvie of the Royal Artillery and a private soldier of the 
 Sbvbntt-first regiment took place, when guards were 
 
160 
 
 APPENDIX. 
 
 placed at some of the quarters of the officers, professedly for 
 the pui-pose of protection, but positively with strict injunc- 
 tions most narrowly to watch us, and to take care (as the 
 government said in their instructions to the alcalde on 
 the same siibject) that we did not desert. I mention this 
 circumstance to prove there could be no misunderstanding 
 on the subject ; for though such language must be considered 
 unhandsome and illiberal under any circumstances, it surely 
 never could have been held to officers on their parole. On 
 the arrival of the news of the capture of Monte Video by 
 our forces, the chief magistrate of Buenos Ayres repaired to 
 General Beresford's quarters, accompanied by Lieut.-Col. 
 Garcias, acquainting him Avith the necessity there was of 
 possessing himself with the papers of the several British 
 officers, prisoners, which he proceeded to do, placing sentry 
 over them individually until he effected his purpose ; and 
 in a conversation which General Beresford had with 
 Lieut.-Colonel Garcias, he expressly told him that we 
 were not on our parole, recapitulating the explanation 
 made to Colonel Liniers upon the subject. 
 " Shortly after this the necessity of moving nine hundred 
 miles farther into the interior was communicated to us, 
 and we were on our journey with an armed escort, when 
 an opportunity offered, of which I most gladly availed 
 myself, to make my escape. I will not further trespass 
 on your time by commenting on the many circumstances 
 I conceive so evidently conclusive, but submit the bare 
 facts to your better judgment. However, I cannot debar 
 myself the satisfaction of acknoAvledging here the obliga- 
 tion I am under to many individuals, and the kind and 
 generous treatment which I myself, as well as the British 
 officers in general, received from the inhabitants of the 
 town and country of Buenos Ayres. 
 
 •' I have the honor to be, 
 " Sir, 
 " &c. &c. &c. 
 « (Signed) D. Pack, 
 
 " Lt.-Col. 7lst Regiment. 
 To Brigadier- General Sir Samuel Attchnmty, 
 Commanding His Britannic Majesty's Forces, 
 « Monte Video." 
 
APPENDIX. 
 
 161 
 
 " General Orders. 
 
 His Majestj/s Ship, " Audacious,^ 
 18th January 1809. 
 
 " The irreparable loss that has been sustained by the fall 
 " of the Commander of the Forces (Lieut.-General Sir 
 " John Moore), and the severe wound which has removed 
 " Lieut -General Sir David Baird from his station, render 
 " it the duty of Lieut.-General Hope to congratulate the 
 " army upon the successful result of the action of the 16th 
 ** instant. 
 
 " On no occasion has the undaunted valour of British 
 " troops ever been more manifest. At the termination of a 
 " severe and harassing march, rendered necessary by the 
 " superiority which the enemy had acquired, and which had 
 " materially impaired the efficiency of the troops, many 
 " disadvantages wore to be encountered. 
 
 " These have all been surmounted by the conduct of the 
 " troops themselves ; and the enemy has been taught, that 
 " whatever advantages of position or of numbers ho may 
 " employ, there is inherent in the British officers and 
 " soldiers a bravery that knows not how to yield, that no 
 " circumstances can appal, and that will ensure victory 
 " when it is to be obtained by the exertion of any human 
 " means. 
 
 " The Lieut.-General has the greatest satisfaction in dia- 
 " tinguishing such^ meritorious services as came within his 
 " observation, or have been brought to his knowledge. 
 
 " His acknowledgments arc, in a peculiar manner, duo to 
 " Lieut.-General Lord William Bentinck, and the brigade 
 " under his command, consisting of the fourth, forty-second, 
 " and fiftieth regiments, nnd which sustained the weight of 
 *• the attack. 
 
 " Mnjor-Gencral Manningham, with his brigade, consist- 
 " ing of the Royals, the twenty-sixth and eighty-first regi* 
 " ments, and Major-Gencral Warde, with the brigade of 
 " Guards, will also be pleased to accept his best thanks for 
 " their steady and gallant conduct during the action. 
 
 " To Major-General Paget, who, by a judicious movement 
 " of the reserve, effijctually contributed to check the progress 
 " of the enemy on the right ; and to the first battalion of 
 
 L 
 
162 
 
 APPENDIX. 
 
 " the fifty-second and ninety>fifth regiments, which were 
 " thereby engaged, the greatest praise is justly due. 
 
 " That part of Major- General Leith's brigade which was 
 " engaged, consisting of the fifty-ninth regiment, under the 
 " conduct of the Major-General, also claims marked appro- 
 " bation. 
 
 " The enemy not having rendered the attack on the left 
 ** a serious one, did not afford to the troops stationed in that 
 " quarter an opportunity of displaying that gallantry which 
 " must have made him repent the attempt. 
 
 ** The piquets and advanced posts, however, of the bri- 
 " gades under the command of Major-Generals Hill and 
 " Leith, and Colonel Catlin Craufurd, conducted themselves 
 *' with determined resolution, and were ably supported by 
 " the ofiicers commanding these brigades, and by the troops 
 *• of which they were composed. 
 
 ** It is peculiarly incumbent upon the Lieut.-Gcneral 
 " to notice the vigorous attack made by the second battalion 
 ** of the fourteenth regiment under Lieut. -Colonel NicoUs, 
 ** which drove the enemy out of the village, of the left of 
 ** which he had possessed himself. 
 
 " The exertions of Lieut.-Colonel Murray, Quartermaster- 
 *' General, and of the other ofiicers of the General Stafi*, 
 " during the action, were unremitted, and deserve every 
 " degree of approbation. 
 
 " The illness of Brigadier-General Clinton, Adjutant- 
 ** General, unfortunately deprived the army of the benefit 
 " of his services. 
 
 " The Lieut. -General hopes the loss in point of num- 
 " bers is not so considerable as might have been expected ; 
 " he laments, however, the fall of the gallant soldiers and 
 " valuable ofiicers who have suffered. 
 
 " The Lieut.-General knows that it is impossible, in any 
 « language he can use, to enhance the esteem, or diminish 
 " the regret, that the army feels with him for its late Com- 
 '* mander. His career lias been unfortunately too limited 
 " for his country, but has been sufiScicnt for his own fame. 
 " Beloved by the army, honored by his Sovereign, and 
 '* respected by his country, he has terminated a life devoted 
 " to her service by a glorious death,— 'leaving his name as a 
 " memorial, an example, and an incitement to those who 
 
APPENDIX. 
 
 163 
 
 " shall follow him in the path of honor, and it is from his 
 " country alone that his memory can receive the tribute 
 " which is its due. 
 
 (Signed) " John Hope, Lieut.-General." 
 
 " General Okders. 
 
 " Horse Guards, 1st February 1809. 
 *' The benefits derived to an army from the example of a 
 distinguished Commander do not terminate at his death ; 
 his virtues live in the recollection of his associates, and 
 his fame remains the strongest incentive to great and 
 glorious actions. 
 
 " In this view the Commander-in-Chief, amidst the deep 
 and universal regret which the death of Lieut. -General 
 Sir John Moore has occasioned, recals to the troops the 
 military career of that illustrious officer for their instruc- 
 tion and imitation. 
 
 " Sir John Moore from his youth embraced the profes- 
 sion with the feelings and sentiments of a soldier ; he 
 felt that a perfect knowledge and an exact performance 
 of the humble but important duties of a subaltern officer 
 are the best foundations for subsequent military fame, 
 and his ardent mind, while it looked forward to those 
 brilliant achievements for which it was formed, applied 
 itself with energy and exemplary assiduity to the duties 
 of that station. 
 
 " In the school of regimental duty he obtained that 
 correct knowledge of his profession so essential to the 
 proper direction of the gallant spirit of the soldier, and 
 he was enabled to establish a characteristic order and 
 regularity of conduct, because the troops found in their 
 leader a striking example of the discipline which he en- 
 forced on others. 
 
 " Having risen to command, he signalised his name in 
 the West Indies, in Holland, and in Egypt. The unre- 
 mitting attention with which he devoted himself to he 
 duties of every branch of his px'ofession obtained liim 
 the confidence of Sir Ralph Abercromby, and he became 
 the companion in arms of that illustrious officer, who 
 fell at the head of his victorious troops in an action 
 
 L 2 
 
164 
 
 APPENDIX. 
 
 which maintained our national superiority over the arms 
 of France. 
 
 " Thus Sir John Moore at an early period obtained, 
 with {)fencral approbation, that conspicuous station in 
 which he gloriously terminated liis useful and honorable 
 life. 
 
 *' In a military character obtained amidst the dangers of 
 climate, the privations incident to service, and the suffer- 
 ings of repeated wounds, it is difficult to select any one 
 point as a preferable subject for praise; it exhibits, how- 
 ever, one feature so particularly characteristic of the man, 
 and so important to the best interests of the service, that 
 the Commander-in-Chief is pleased to mark it with his 
 peculiar approbation— 
 " The life of SIR JOHN MOORE was spent among 
 
 THE TROOPS. 
 
 " During the season of repose his time was devoted to 
 the care and instruction of the officer and soldier ; in war 
 he courted service in every quarter of the globe. Regard- 
 less of personal consideration, he esteemed that to which 
 his country called him the post of honor, and by his 
 undaunted spirit and unconquerable perseverance he 
 pointed the way to victory. 
 
 " His country, the object of his latest solicitude, will 
 rear a monument to his lamented memory, and the Com- 
 mander-in-Chief feels he is paying the best tribute to 
 his fame by thus holding him forth as an example to the 
 
 ARMY. 
 
 " By order of His Royal Highness the Commander-in- 
 Chief, 
 
 " Habry Calvert, Adjutant- GeneraV^ 
 
APPENDIX. 
 
 165 
 
 The following regiments composed the army under I^ieut.- 
 General Sir John Moore at Corunna on the 16th of January 
 1809: — 
 
 Corps. Commanding Officers. 
 
 Lieut.-Colonel Vivian. 
 
 „ Leigh. 
 
 „ Grant. 
 
 „ Jones. 
 
 Mf^or Burgwesel. 
 Colonel Harding. 
 Major Fletcher. * 
 
 Lieut.-Colonel Langley. 
 
 „ Cocks. 
 
 „ Wheatley. 
 
 Migor MuUer. 
 Lieut.-Colonel Iremonger. 
 
 „ Wynch. 
 
 „ Mackenzie. 
 
 Mfgor Gordon. 
 Lieut.-Colonel Cameron. 
 
 „ Nicolls. 
 
 „ Ross. 
 
 „ Wyatt. 
 
 „ Maxwell. 
 
 „ Belson 
 
 „ Hinde. 
 
 „ Bum. 
 
 „ Hon. Charles 
 
 Greville. 
 
 „ Stirling. 
 
 „ GifFord. 
 
 Hull. 
 Mfyor Charles Napier. 
 Lieut.-Colonel Darling. 
 
 „ Barcli^. 
 
 „ John Ross. 
 
 „ Fane. 
 
 Codd. 
 Major Davy. 
 Lieut.-Colonel Pack. 
 
 „ Symes. 
 
 „ Cameron. 
 
 Migor Williams. 
 „ McDonald. 
 „ Douglas. 
 Lieut.-Colonel Alexander Napier. 
 
 „ Beckwith. 
 
 Wade. 
 
 „ Nicolay. 
 
 „ Leonhart. 
 
 ,, Halkett. 
 
 7th Light Dragoons • 
 
 . 
 
 10th „ 
 
 . 
 
 16th 
 
 . 
 
 18th 
 
 . 
 
 3d „ (King's Germ. Leg.) 
 
 Ai-tillery - 
 
 - 
 
 Engineers 
 
 - 
 
 Waggon Train Detachment 
 1st Foot Guards, Ist Battfdion - 
 
 3d 
 
 » 
 
 1st Foot - 3d 
 
 ** * 
 
 2d „ - 1st 
 
 >» 
 
 4th „ - 1st 
 
 »» 
 
 5th „ - Ist 
 
 » * 
 
 6th „ . 1st 
 
 M ■ 
 
 £Hh „ - 1st 
 
 >» " 
 
 14th „ . 2d 
 
 l> " 
 
 20th „ 
 
 
 23d „ - 2d 
 
 M " 
 
 26th „ - 1st 
 
 »» * 
 
 28th „ - 1st 
 
 t> ■ 
 
 32d „ - Ist 
 
 l» * 
 
 36th „ - 1st 
 
 >» * 
 
 38th „ - 1st 
 
 »» " 
 
 42d „ - 1st 
 
 >» * 
 
 43d „ - 1st 
 
 » " 
 
 43d „ - 2d 
 
 »» * 
 
 50th „ - Ist 
 
 »» " 
 
 6l8t „ - 
 
 m m 
 
 62d „ - 1st 
 
 »> " 
 
 52d „ - 2d 
 
 »» 
 
 59th „ - 2d 
 
 »» * 
 
 60th „ - 2d 
 
 ft " 
 
 60th „ - 5th 
 
 » * 
 
 71st „ - 1st 
 
 »l * 
 
 76th „ - Ist 
 
 >» " 
 
 79th „ - 1st 
 
 II * 
 
 81st „ - 2d 
 
 II " 
 
 82d „ . 
 
 
 9l8t „ . 1st 
 
 II * 
 
 92d „ - 1st 
 
 II " 
 
 95th (Rifle Reg.) 1st 
 
 II " 
 
 2d 
 
 f* ■ 
 
 Staff Corps Detachment 
 
 
 1st Light Batt. King's 
 
 German 
 
 Legion. 
 
 
 2d „ „ - 
 
 <* 
 
166 
 
 APPENDIX. 
 
 BRITISH AND HANOVERIAN ARMY AT WATERLOO 
 
 asfomudin Divisioiu and Brigades on the \8th of JwM 1815. 
 
 CAVALRY. 
 
 Commanded by Lieut.-General the Earl of Uxbridob, O.C.B. 
 
 If^ £rt$'(ufe.--Commanded by Miyor-General Lord Edward 
 
 1st life Guards 
 
 2d» „ 
 
 Royal Horse Guards, Blue. 
 
 Ist Dragoon Guards. 
 
 Somerset, K.C.B. 
 
 Lieut.-Colonel Ferrior. 
 
 „ the Hon.E.P.Lygon. 
 
 n 
 
 Sir Robert Hill. 
 Fuller (Colonel). 
 
 2(2 firt$ra(2e.— Miyor-General Sir William Ponronby, K.C.D. 
 
 Ist or Royal Dragoons. 
 2d or Royal North British Dra- 
 goons. 
 6tn or Inniskilling Dragoons. 
 
 Lieut.-Colonel A. B. Clifton. 
 „ J. J. Hamilton. 
 
 „ J. Muter (Colonel). 
 M J3r^(u2e.— Migor-General W. B. Domdrbo. 
 
 Lt.-Colonel the Earl of Portar- 
 lington (Colonel). 
 „ J. Bulow. 
 
 23d Light Dragoons. 
 1st „ 
 
 2d 
 
 King's Ger- 
 manLegion. 
 
 C. de Jonquiera. 
 
 A(k Brt^atfe.— Migor-General Sir John O. Vandblbvr, K.C.B. 
 
 Lieut.-Colonel J.W. Sleigh. 
 
 „ the Hon. F. C. Pon- 
 sonby (Colonel). 
 
 nth Light Dragoons. 
 12th 
 
 16th 
 
 J. Hay. 
 
 hih Bn^tufe.— Migor-General Sir CoLauHOUN Grant, K.C.B. 
 
 Colonel Sir Edward Kerrison. 
 Lieut.-Colonel L. C. Dalrymple. 
 „ Linsingen. 
 
 7th Hussars. 
 16th „ 
 
 2d „ King's German Le 
 gion. 
 
 6/A Bn^acie.— M^or-General Sir Hussey Vivian, K.C.B. 
 
 ^Oth Royal Hussars. 
 y 8th Hussars. 
 
 Ist „ King's German Le 
 gion. 
 
 Lt.-Colonel Quentin (Colonel). 
 Hon. H. Murray. 
 A. Wiisell. 
 
 
 1th Brif/atfe.— Colonel Sir Fredebtok Abenbchildt, k.C.n. 
 
 13th Light Dragoons. 
 3d Hussars, King's German 
 Legion. 
 
 Colonel Estorff 
 
 Lieut.-Colonel Dohcrty 
 „ Meyer, 
 
 Piiiicc Regent's Hussars. 
 BrexDv'u and Verden Hussars. 
 
 Lieut.-Colonel KielmanMgge. 
 Colonel Buscbe. 
 
APPENDIX. 
 
 INFANTRY. 
 
 First Division. — Mtgor-GenenJ G. Cooke. 
 
 !»/ Brigade. -Major-Gcneral P. Maitland. 
 
 167 
 
 Ist Foot Guards, 2d Battalion. 
 t> 3d ,, 
 
 Mi^or H. Askew (Colonel). 
 „ theHon.W.Stewart(Col.) 
 
 2d Brigade. — Major-General J. Pyng. 
 
 Coldstream Guard, 2d Battalion. 
 3d Foot Guards. 
 
 M^or A. G. Woodford (Colonel). 
 „ F. Hepburn (Colonel). 
 
 Second Division. — Lieut.-General Sir H. Clinton, G.C.B. 
 3d Brigade. — Major-General Frederick Adam. 
 52d Foot, 1st Battalion. 
 
 71st 
 96th 
 
 „ 2d „ 
 six companies. 
 95th „ 3d „ 
 two companies. 
 
 1 
 
 Rifles. 
 
 Lieut.-Colonel Sir Jno. Colbome, 
 K.C.B. (Colonel). 
 
 T. Reynell (Col.) 
 Major J. Ross (Lieut.-Colonel). 
 
 MjyorA.G.Norcott (lieut.-Col.) 
 
 1st Brigade. — King's German LeyioB.— Colonel Du P^at. 
 
 1st Line Battalion, King's Ger- 
 man Legion. 
 2d 
 3d 
 4th 
 
 » 
 
 It 
 
 » 
 
 M 
 
 M 
 
 *« 
 
 Mjyor W. Robertson. 
 
 „ G. Muller. 
 Lieut.-Colonel F. de Wissell. 
 M^jor F. Reh. 
 
 3d Hanoverian Brigade. — Colonel Hugh Halkett. 
 
 MiUtia Battalion, Bremervorde. 
 Duke of York's 2d BattaUon. 
 
 » 3d „ 
 
 Militia Battalion, Salzgitter. 
 
 Lieut.-Colonel Schulenberg. 
 Migor Count Munster. 
 
 Baron Hunefeld. 
 
 Hammerstein. 
 
 
 Third Division. — Lieut.-General Baron Alten. 
 
 Bth Brigade. — Major-General Sur Colin Halkett, K.C.B. 
 
 30th Foot, 2d Battalion. 
 33d „ 
 
 69th „ 2d Battalion. 
 73d „ 2d Battalion. 
 
 Major W. Bailey (Lieut.-Col.) 
 Lieut.-Col. W. K. Elphinstone 
 
 » 
 » 
 
 C. Morice (Col.) 
 W. G. Harris (Col.) 
 
 2d Brigade. — King's German Legion. — Colonel Baron Ompteda. 
 
 Ist Light BattaUon, K.G.L. 
 
 2d 
 
 5th Line „ 
 
 8th „ „ 
 
 n 
 
 Lieut.-Colonel L. Bussche. 
 Mtgor G. Baring. 
 Lieut.-Colonel W. B. Linsengen. 
 Mi^or Schroeder (Lieut.-Col.) 
 
168 
 
 APPENDIX. 
 
 \st Hanoverian Brigade. — Major-General Count Kielmanseoob. 
 
 Major Bulow. 
 Lieut.-Colonel Wurmb. 
 
 „ Langrehr. 
 
 „ Kleucke. 
 
 Mi^or De Senkopp. 
 
 Duke of York's 1st Battalion. 
 Field Battalion, Grubenhagen. 
 
 Bremen. 
 
 Lunebivg. 
 
 Verden. 
 
 » 
 » 
 » 
 
 Fourth Division. 
 
 -Ldeut.-General Sir Charles Colville, 
 K.C.B. 
 
 4th firt^aeJe.— Colonel Mitchell. 
 
 14th Foot, 3d Battalion. 
 23d „ 1st ., 
 
 5l8t 
 
 Miyor F. S. Tidy (Lieut.-Col.) 
 Lieut.-Colonel Sir Henry W. 
 EUis, K.C.B. 
 „ H.Mitchell (Colonel). 
 
 &th Brtjratfc.— Mtgor-General Johnstone. 
 
 d5th Foot, 2d Battalion. 
 54th „ 
 
 69th „ 2d Battalion. 
 9l8t „ 1st „ 
 
 
 Major C. M'Alister. 
 
 Lt.-Col. J. Earl of Waldegrave. 
 
 H. Austin. 
 
 SirW. Douglas, K.C.B. 
 (Colonel). 
 
 6M Hanoverian finyac^e.— Mi^or-General Lyon. 
 
 Field Battalion, Calenberg. 
 „ Lanenberg. 
 
 Militia Battalion, Hoya. 
 
 Nieubcrg. 
 
 Benthcim. 
 
 n 
 
 Lieut.-Col. Benort. 
 „ Grote. 
 
 Major Croupp. 
 
 Fifth Division. — Lieut.-General Sir Thomas Picton, K.C.B. 
 5th Brigade, — Mtyor-General Sir James Kempt, K.C.B. 
 
 Mfyor R. Nixon (Lieut.-Col.). 
 „ J. Hicks (Lieut.-Col.). 
 Lieut.-Col. Neil Douglas. 
 „ Sir A. F. Barnard, 
 
 K.C.B. (Colonel). 
 
 28th Foot, 1st Battalion. 
 32d „ 
 
 79th „ „ 
 
 95th Rifles 
 
 dth Br/i/arfe.— Mtyor-Genetal Sib Denis Pack, K.C.B. 
 
 1st Foot, 3d Battalion. 
 42d „ Ist „ 
 
 44th 
 92d 
 
 »i 
 
 2d 
 Ist 
 
 II 
 II 
 
 Magor C. Campbell. 
 Lieut.-Col. Sir Robert Maoara, 
 K.C. B. 
 „ J. M. Hamerton. 
 Major Donald M° Donald. 
 
 bth Hanoverian Brigade.— Colonel Vincke. 
 
 Militia Battalion, 
 
 M 
 M 
 
 Ilamcln. 
 Hildcshcim. 
 Pcina. 
 Giifhorn. 
 
 Lieut.-Colonel Kleucke. 
 Mt^or Rheden. 
 M(\tor Wcutphalen. 
 Mi^or Hammcrstein. 
 
APPENDIX. 
 
 196 
 
 Sixth Division.— 10/A Brigade.— Maior-GtnetaH J. Lambert. 
 
 Laeut.-Colonel F. Brooke. 
 
 4th Foot, 1st Battalion 
 27th „ ^„ 
 
 40th „ „ 
 
 81st „ 2d .. 
 
 Captain Sir J. Reade (Mig'or). 
 Mfyor F. Browne. 
 „ P. Waterhouse. 
 
 4th Hanoverian Brigade.— Colonel Best. 
 
 Militia Battalion, 
 
 n 
 
 M 
 
 Luneburg. 
 Verden. 
 Osterode. 
 Minden. 
 
 Lieut.-Colonel De Ramdohr. 
 Mtyor Decken. 
 
 „ Baron Reden. 
 
 „ De Schmidt. 
 
 7th Btigade.—MhioT-Genenl M'Kenzie. 
 
 2Sth Foot, 2d BattaUon. 
 37th „ 
 78th „ 
 
 Lieut.-Colonel A. W. Light. 
 S.Hart. 
 M. Lindsay. 
 
 M 
 M 
 
 Cavalry 
 
 Infantry 
 
 Artillery 
 
 Total 
 
 8,883 
 
 29,622 
 
 5,434 
 
 4.3,939 
 
 "\t