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 At the Rar of thr Houfe cf Common?, hy X- 
 LvMPURNKR, Aucnt tor the Siibfrriberi to • 
 Petitions tioni the Province of QurBEC, bcan- 
 Ditc the 24th of November 1784. 
 
 (23d March 1791.) 
 
 f 
 
 I; 
 
 't/> 
 
E R 
 
 c.f Commrns ^v X: 
 the Siibfrribcri to . 
 ce of Quebec, bwn. 
 bcr 1784. 
 
 1 1791.) 
 
/ 
 
--'■'•^- 
 
 "X* 
 
 / 
 
 f 
 
 [ I 3 
 
 ( 23d March 1791. ) 
 
 SI u, 
 
 I A M A,";ent from Q^icbcc for tlic SublcriluTs lo the I'ctitions fro;n 
 that ProviniT, now on the 'Table of this Hoiioiir.ible Floull'. 1 h.ui 
 the Honour of .iii)ic.irini!; at this Bar late in the Sell'.Dii of i/^S, a.ul of 
 ll.uini;, for tin- Information of the Honourable Coiiiinituc, the iinliappy 
 Situation of that Provuice. Soon after that IVriotl I went to Q^iebcc ; 
 bur, at the urL;ei!t i'ei)ui(l of the Petitioners, I returned to Britain the 
 fame Year, with new Powers, and more ample Inftruclions, to renew my 
 Application fc^r their Kelief ; and to reprcfenc to the Britidi I.,eij;il1atine 
 thi- prelTini!; NccefTity, for the Peace, the Security, ami Profi'er'iy of 
 the liih.ibit.uus of tiiat Countrv, tliat the Conllitution of the Province 
 lliouUi undergo an immediate and tliorough Reform. 
 
 l''.very Day new Matter, and further Circumftances arife, which con- 
 firm and tlrengthen the Sentiments of the Petitioners, as exprefled in 
 their Peti:ion<:. And they are now fully convinceii thai, unlefs a proper 
 Contlitution of Govcrnnnent is ellablilhed immediately for that Country, 
 the wiiolc Aflairs of the Province nuilf in-v;tablv fall into fu'.ii extreme 
 C'oniulion as will operate to the entire Ruin of their t'ortunes, and ul- 
 ti nitely the abfdute Deftrudion uf the Province. 
 
 It is not neceilary to v-nter into any Hetail of the Reafons wliich have 
 induced mc to defer applying to Parliament on thefe Affairs dorui!!; the 
 Two latt Sell'ions, as the Circumftances are within the Recollei"Hon of 
 every Member of this Honourable Houfe. 
 
 Thefc Petitions were framed and .ij^reed on in public Meetings held 
 
 A fui- 
 
 *-| 
 
 PAPER read at the Bar of the Houfc of Commons, 
 by Mr. Lymburnf.r, Agent for the Subfcribcrs to the 
 Petitions from the Province ot Qur.iiEc, bearing Date 
 the 24th of November 1784. 
 
 f 
 
/7'7/ 
 (.9) 
 
 [ 2 ] 
 
 lor tli.it I'uii'iill', \\\ the C"iti(s "I' (.Vic'ii-r ;uut Mi):itr<':ii ; an:l Com- 
 mittffs were iIrmi p. iimd aiui ,;,j)()iaic'l liy ti.e IVv^iilc, lo toiu.iul ,i:ul 
 rujijioit tl.iin. 
 
 l:i tlu'lV l\'t;tio:is, Sir, tii<- Iiiliahit.mis of tlu- Province of (^icbci- 
 li.r.f txpiitcil to this Ilimsiiini'l." I Ionic, t!i;'.r ilirir Si'.iiation ii;is l)i'- 
 oiiu" truly i!.';;1<)im!iL' hv t'u- O" r.itum (>[ r!ip .Sv;lcm nf GovTinw/iir 
 t'll.iblifln.d for rliat. I'lo.nu-' in- t'u- Aii ol tin: Fmiria-nili o( His VJ.i- 
 jcdy, comnioiil\ r.iUeii " i'lu- (^icIm v- ACt." An. I tlu-v ii ivi.- lila-wile 
 tl;oi gilt it tluii Dotv ti) poiiu o .t, for :!ii' C'onluiiTation ol P.irli.inifiu, 
 tlidti' RfrornT; which, in tin ir Ai'prfhrnili)n, will tni.i innll filVdvullv 
 to |>roniotc- the H.ippiiicls a:i I I'lol'pfritv of thi- I'roviiuT, anJ ;U tiic 
 \mw I'iiiu' :.;iv«- iliif St;en;rtl-, I iivrgy, .in.i Siipj).>rt to its (.lovi-rn in-nt. 
 
 As llis M.i] -ih's M:ni!l'.-r< In. c ruhmirtrJ to tliii I Iiinonr.ililc I I'l'ifc 
 a Bill, jTolt-llcillv iKT'jMif.l t'> iniH'iiy the I'.vils oi tiic piclciu Svllcin, 
 it is iir.iui-clV.irv tor iiir to cnrtr into any Dt'tail ol the J);lhi'lVi-i wliicli 
 thi" l'coi)lc- ot tl'..:t I'roviiu-c li.ur roliVri.'il, fr(;iii the C'onfniion ,i;ui I'li- 
 icrt.iinfv "t the l.,iv,v, .uaI the Want of ik-tcniiinate Rules arul fixed 
 I'rincijiles in li; • t\)ti;ts of jii'ice; tidij^h I .I'li confilent the Det.til 
 \voi:kl alloi. ;fn fee y Member "t thi'.- I loiioiiiabte lloule, as it nuill he 
 Matter of Surpr'/e that l':c!i .; .'■irie'. < f Anarciiy and C)fipre(lii,)n riioiild 
 have ban pei:r.;-:'\l to piev.'.il uiiri: ..' I) !!Vi:u' Years in a l^.i.i'n I'ro- 
 vinee. Ii f .rniltui, hovexer, ;'e i K .irel; ['roof t!i:t e.ii puj'iiily be 
 olllred Ol inMiieu, tii.it the t) ,cial I:ii ';i)i.i:i :n Iru.ii that luu^rtiinate 
 I'roviiui Ii is i..-t ben Inch as the Britilh (joverniiient had u K:cl\t to 
 expert i for ii' Parliament Ii.k! been ilnly intornied that tl'.e <^iebec 
 AiJts, by fthieli it was certainly intcndc.l to I'eeuic tlie I'eace, iwd to 
 pronuite the IVofp'T'ty a.d n.iip;iie!s of the I'eople oi' that Piovintc, 
 had jTodiued the \(Tvcontrai, I'.flVifls j th.ar, from the Uncertainty of 
 the I .^w, I'uppoletl to be introdined 1)V that A:;, Ills M.ijellv'b Subiecls 
 had been nbli!.;ed to lirpend !or Jullice on the va^;uc aiui iinceitain 
 Idras of the JiulLTes , — we are lure, f'roni tiic Generofitv and Jiillicc of 
 
 the Britllh Governnn nt, that we niould nave 
 curin^:; the neceflarv Kdief. 
 
 iiad no Uiinculty in pro- 
 
 In tills Si.-,:-,e of the Bufincfs I fhall not walle thr Tune of thin 
 ll.mourabL- llone t) explain the Natine of tiu' Civil (loveriiinent of 
 ih'.t Province wlnle it belon;:ed to li.in.e, nor t> prove to this 
 Honourable Monle, tliac although the (^lebrc A.i has been in lull 
 Force Sixteen Years the Courib in th..t Province hive not yet fettled or 
 
 aj^reed on whether the Whole of the I'reiuh 
 lliem, conijiofed the Ciilb'.u .4' (.'anada ; a., il 
 
 , vs, or what Pait of 
 
 i.-a 
 
 lo,llct!ine<. adir.lit.'d, 
 at ot^ier ii.ne i j.^:. i, ,■ h-ile C"od:.b i;i the I'rencii L.w. It is 
 not iiecell'ary to ee.,,.^-/ on ■•.-[._ Sabjets, as tie Bill now ui,vler Con- 
 fideranon fn.,; .-.le:; that the ,ii lent Co.-.t'tUtirion of the Pr )vince is 
 defVcuvi : a',d i '.o,)c ih:s li:.!, before it rec;ues the Sanction of this 
 no!iOiira.>ic : l.iu v.iU lie io nodiliei ,,r,d arianred as to preclude th.t? 
 Nece!!;tv or (.1.; tnrjoii,, , ■. ti': I'.ntilh i .ei'iflature a'Min, to reiorin the 
 Loi.a.'.'jii'jii c-i uuc-.niiici.t o. uiat Luiiuuy. 
 
 While 
 
-»t- 
 
 •n 
 
 t!m 
 
 ^1 
 
 If 
 
 f 3 ] 
 
 V'hili" tint Provincr- lulnn/-;! .! to r,.incc t!.f Coimtrv w.i? tliiiily in- 
 hihircd ; Aj^riciilturt' niwl Cnnmicrrc were n(;;!c('!i.'f|, dcrrirc,!, nnd ii;f- 
 
 C( u .iircti ; Crfilii ;'n(l rirriiliiKMi \vm- vctv lonfinn 
 
 p.nl Mticintiii: 
 
 Tr iiiluitions wtTc ncirlur iiiiii;iT(ni. , < vtcil vc, tidv intiir;:irr, lor the 
 ir.dia Coinp;iny h:n\ liccn pcMiiitnd ti> rcaifi the M.iujjioIv of the 
 1 III- Trade, wliii'h wns ;ilruoll the o: 'i/ Olii'-''T if I'-timrr duriti-.^ thit 
 i'tTiod iVuin the Proviacf. 'flic r-rnch (if>v:T;in-ivri IcTtns to have 
 Ivin fDt.iliv" iiin-qiiaiiucd with th" M'T( ant:!'.! U<Mj'ic'.'b f>t tliC 
 Codiitry, and to have (Ctt-niid t!u- i'otJfdloM of it nuTt-ly ai bcinj 
 C.iVi.iirahlo to their \'i'j\vs m dnrelii; ; the n'.-i;j;!ibaiirin ; Britilh Co- 
 lonics ; ti.f Inhabitants win- milL-rahly poor, and tin- l'n,vin(c wis a. 
 ikad \Vc'i[',lic on that Kiii;>doin. Hiii, Sir, tl;i- !'ro\in'-c h.v, [rrtatly 
 liunpfd fmiC it was cvdcii to (jrcat Hi -am at the i'c;'.ci' of i ;'; ] ; tli** 
 Ciuninfrriil Spiiit and Genius of t!u ' Kritons who hive rdi la.l to, 
 and fettled in that Country, have liy ; -omotin:; In,ii:(iry and Culiiv.'.- 
 tion ditcovereil tr> th'* \V('rld the V',d,i( of that I'roviiue j and thoii'/Ii 
 tlie I'tVort;. of a few In.lividuuls have i.ot bin tiitl'icient to c.ountera.:l 
 [x\\ the |)ernicious Ci^a.'ciine'uts of .in .irbitr.uy Svl'.tm of fi'iv t-rninenr, 
 arid an unr'-rt.'.in Adiv.iniHration of 1 aw, yet tht\ have [ uulnctd a 
 v.nndirrnl C!;.':.;_e on tlie I-'aee of that Country i the 1 owns and Viilaj^e'; 
 are greatly encreafid j tiie Number of the I'eople i,> nearly tripled; 
 there is double the (^lantity of 1 .and c ;iltiv.ited ; the l-'.-.riiicrs are mo-c 
 ciiii'.foit.'.bly lod-ed, and a f.',re,u NuiiiiKr ol Siiips are .Xaiuiallv ioaiied 
 with a V.iiiety of Arnclfs the I'rodiiee (jfilie 1'rovini.e: I( iucli aaia/.in<:; 
 l'ro;,-refs has been iii.ide in ilie Period of 25 Ye.iis, u:<i only witlunic 
 any .Allilhince from (iovernnient by Hounlies or 1- lu oiirai^enunts, but 
 while the Pri>\i:i'e was l.ibourini^ under Oppredioii, ami t!ic Peopic 
 fcaiicly alliiied ol eniovinj>_ the l-'iiiits of tluir lndullr\ , v.iut may not 
 be ixpeCteii fioni llie Counuv if eiKi;ura<fed by a t>eneioi;i Syftein ut 
 (lovcrniiuiit, ,uid aiVilled l)v the fulhTing I land of tire it Britain ' 
 \V lien, in Conleijiicnic 01 ilie People being enlii:;iuened by I'.ilucation 
 and Science, tlie 1- 'Teds of antieiii and narrow Preiutlices are dcllrovLd, 
 and the I'amicrs have bicii iiu'jeed to chan<^e their prelent ure;ehed 
 ^.vH(•ill of Agiuultiiie, I has-e no Doubt, Sir, but t!u- I'rovi'iee will Jr 
 ionfu!>Tid .IS a v.iluable Appendaj'c in the Line of I'r.ide ; .md inluatl 
 of exhibitii)!; a weak Cioverninent and iinpoverifhed Coi:nt;v, it wiil 
 .leipiire th.u Decree of Refpcdabiiitv whiLii irs ^ltuat!'Jn, ■ , and 
 Numbers ou;^lu to command, 
 
 1 fliall now retjiiefl the Iiuiulcenc? (sr this I lonourable Iloule v.liile 1 
 ofl'er a few Oblervations on Ionic of tl.'" Artitles of tiie new Conlliai- 
 non, as tliev appear i;i tlie Udl ; .\r.A fubmit, fur tlieir Conlideraiio:!, 
 furli Kealons for .iltenim; tlulf Clauit;, as have occurred to me in the 
 lli.irt Time liiue 1 iiave liad Comir.i.iiic.ition ot tliC 1];!!. 
 
 Sir, the Hdl now under tlie Debber.ition of tli;s HcnourabK- lloule 
 Hates, in the Preamble, that the Act oi tiie 14th of Ills .Majrllv, com 
 monlv called the Qiiebcc Ait, " is, in vumv Ref; efts inapplicabl. tJ 
 " the prelent Condition .md Cireumllances of tiie laid I'rovince." 
 
 This, St, is very true , .ir.vl jullilies the Comp'.iinis of t.'.c Pecvle, 
 
[ 4 ] 
 
 ft) oft.'n fXi-rclTcil in tlicir Petitions niviinll. tii.it AtV. Tlicv li.ivc had a 
 loni; ari'l iKiim'ul Ivxperienci" of the Inttrioicncy of t'lc A^t j tlicy li.ivc 
 li virilv fill, ami fnlli iiil, iwulcr ilic Confiifion wlmli that Ai"l inrro- 
 ihiciit inti) tlu' (iovfrniiu'iu of the I'lovinii' , liuy h.ivi- 'ifra fX|v)|r,l to 
 the pi-rnicioiis l l!ci'l!i of iiiuiTt.iiii ami iir.d'-tiMcii l.iws, .iriil to rhi .ir.)i- 
 tr.iry Jiiiii;iiHius ot Courts [;iiiJcil by no lixcil I'rintipics or ci-rtaiii 
 kiilvs i and thi-y have fccn thi-ir I'mpiTty, in confi\]iienif rhi-rcof, ilif- 
 fipaicii, without a l'i)lTil)iiity of iulpinn thi'nifolvcs. It w.si. thffc I'.viis 
 which iiiiliKti.1 tl.i'ni to pray ti.-s I loiioiirablf IIoiili-, tliat thf Ail, in- 
 titulril, " An Act for inalviii ; more tllVrtu.il I'rovifion (or the (jovcrn- 
 «•■ iiKiit of ilu" I'rovii'.LC (if v^ ;.l)ec," nn^ht be lepcaicJ in tote. Hut, 
 Sir, the Hill now lulorc tint 1 lonourable I Ionic, in tiie I-'ir(l enai'^ini; 
 C'laiile, proj-ofes t" iTpt'al oi.iy that Claule of tli" (^lebcc Ail whiili 
 giv(!> I'lAser to the (iovernor and L'oiinol to make ami ena.t Laws ,iiui 
 Ordinal! C3. Sir, that M\ hi- occifuimd lo iini ii 1 rouble in the I'k,. 
 \ine(, that it ii is b^ i mie extrenelv olii omous to that I'art of tiic Iii- 
 h.ib i,.iiri wi w, tioiii I'.dueitiM, are all- to lool; up to the Sonne of 
 tie 1 All, and to coiiii'ieheiul li.)in what Caiife the Cuiifufion has prc- 
 leeihd. Ihex have tonfidered tiiat Ai' !i the Orii'iii of all thei.- Trou- 
 ble; and they llattere 1 theinii Ives, that iii coiifiH]i:eiue ot iheir earndt 
 Sola it.itions it w 'u!d be entirely rrj' ded, lo as tMt to leave ary 
 I'art (if an OliiciJi whitli IkuI [',iveii them lo iiiu«.h L'ntanneU cxpofed to 
 their Viiw, 
 
 Sir, thouf^h tlu* rnT.nt Hdl I'ei lares, in t!ie Pnaiidile, that tiie 
 Qiiebec Aa I-, '• in many lUlpcifts in.ipplieable to the Comlition and 
 " C'ircuirtKuices of the I'mviiicc," yet it only propofcs t > n peal One 
 t'laufe. \\ \\\ \' be tonlideit i! as doing JiHliee to i,il- Declaration in the 
 I'rcaiTibie, or to the Petitione's, er to the I'rovir.ee, to lieclarc thus 
 jnibliciy tliat t;.'.- A."'t i.s pernki.ui, in /.•..•••v Kel'pectb, a:i 1 to <^ivc tiie 
 neceflary Relief onlv in (y.' |\)itir ? 1 ha\ e examined tlie t^iel)ec A^t 
 with a t:,(i()d deal <.f Care, bur iiave not been able to perceive anv 
 powerl'.l l<ea'('n forwiiuh it ou;''.: m lie preuned. 'llicie are NiiiC 
 (lil^in't Head:, or ( hinles in liiu Act, and I cmnot lee any 1 liin;^ in 
 them, iniiiviiiuallv or eiilleCtivcly, wliicii iiiakci u necelVaiv to builil 
 tl.i- new C oi.ll t'ltioa thcre.iii. 
 
 Nor, fiiielv, the lull (.'Imle, which retiids the Limits of the Pro- 
 \^nce, aK ihele .ue irati-; i ilb i li ri. ed bv tlie 1"; .• it'/ d Pcaieof i-S ;. 
 iNut tiie he, 111.', whiih . ■ ■• ■ - ' • 
 
 e'jurfi', wi fr entirely dor. 
 
 Ui li;',i(jn, ti; ;' ^^ liiii'.eii i tly provi.iei! irr in ilic new |.ill. Not the bouith, 
 w!iie!i elhtblilhes tiic .iiicieiii I,:\av uI Ciiiu'.a — foiiUKii oi tiem aa are 
 neeeir.iry e;in lie (.ilily pioM,l(,; |;>i ii liu new IMi. Nur the b'ift.h, 
 w!ii( li ie:Mrd.s ihe 'aai.tiiiL; o, I ..\u<-\ — rhat ii leltled :a t!ic new ihll. Not 
 tiie Si>;tli, wiiu !i ellaliMlies ilie j-'nijiiih Cr!:i.:ii.d 1. iw ; as iK.it < xn lie 
 incorjiorated ii; the new Hi!!. Not the .Se\e'K'i He.id, w liich ellabl ihes 
 the i,e;;ill.'.tive Council , .i , tlvn is repealed by tiie F.rll Clatile of t!ic 
 new liill. Not tiie b!;;hih, wliich imposseis !lis M.'.jrlly to crecl Courtsj 
 a^ tliii Ubj(.'(fl uuidi'. to be e\; lelbl; j; .n.dcd for in t.ic new Bill. Nor the 
 
 Ninth, 
 
 ■j-e^'s tiie f:triiv. r Ordin.in'cs j ..^ ihev, of 
 '.w.ie. Not liie I'.'i'.rd I lead, \^!li^.il r-.l iiei to 
 
 
/* 
 
 ^ 
 
 L ^ 1 
 
 
 ■I- 
 
 N'iruli, v/lii(!i tl'.ihlillic . the (ijuT.uiim of ciTt.i';> A'l . ..' r..ili.imer,t j ns 
 iliit is prosidril .'(.;• liyii.i- r.evv Ui'l.— In lln-rr, I raniot pvrrcivf .my 
 UiMloii lor ict;iiiiitio; that A' I as I'm ot tLc novv Conriitutuin. Sir, ( 
 liavi" iindtTll'ioil Cinvcrnnifiit were tuli conviiiinl, tli.it vvlnt is calk. I i:i 
 the (^kIut At't " lU Lifu'i of (.'dn.t'i-,' \\m\ nor yet luTn cictint'd ; tliar, 
 tlimi'^ii Si:iti Jii YiMrs !mvc now I'Lij'kd lincf tliit Art bi'.,'.;n id opt-r.Uf, it 
 JM viC to Ik- dfitraniifvl s\l>iit or luiw i;;.>,ny oftht- l.aws cf I'raiicf i.dh). 
 poi'fd tlic Syllcin of t .iii.iili :n Jiiril'piiidcnce jircvious to the Conq'icll i 
 or ivfij if I litre wa' an;; ;'('(itivc S^ll in, juri;iii!ai!y fir Co;v.n;i'n!.il 
 'I ranr.u",i(iiis. Is it intcii led, hy ii..i!.iii^m!ii' (Ju^k-Iut Aci tin- r'ou:? a- 
 non of t!;.' ii'.'-.v Hill, tint wt- iliali tci, in in tla- I'ar.K- .^t.iu-dt Doubt ,uni 
 Ijiiccrt.iiiit} , wimli ills aliiMdv (^ivcii us lb iiuicli 'rroulilc ; or ti;..: we 
 arc, in thf'iicw Ir!-.;!] '.mmt, toconihir the I'rijudicch and I'rcponcjlions 
 ()(■ thofforour I-'rllow Siili'iccts., who li np; iiiiai tiuaiiiti-d wiih the N.iriire, 
 the rr;iu ipk-s, or Cirmmilatu es ol iiu u .intilr and. luTlunil li.iMl.ai.ons, 
 ari- litilf ii^lnvd to l.u..ur tlifiii .' I init^lit inll.inci- .Scotland in tins 
 p.irti.iilar — how tlrrnuonllv did t!ic I'toplc ol thai Lc.untty coiitmd at 
 the I'nion, to prcl'i-rve tiie Wliok- ot ilicir own I ,iw, - 1 h.licvc ir will 
 Im- .diowfd ihaf the Ucli r\ ation frr. tu>i hccii l.iv(iii;.d)k- to that I'.irt of 
 the K!ir;dum i and the I'ciplc of S ntland wiTf at that l iiiu- much 
 nil. re cilii.dUfiK-vl th.ui ilic C.nidians .irt; now. 
 
 Sir, this i lonouiabk- Ili.uU- may pcrliaps he told t!iat inanv of tiir 
 III-. \di Ci;;.id;aiis i-llei-in till- (jurbc'C .\i!:t j that lome nt tluiii hut-rx- 
 pi'-lVcd tlifir Approbitiiin of it in Petitions to Hi-. Mai lly ; and tiicri-- 
 fore tint i'r<-at Ki-fpcrt oii^ht to be paid to the I'rinulut •, and i'repoi- 
 It-li'ioiii of thok- I'cople. hir, I have a very l.isih Rcl|)ect fur the I'rem- 
 eliccs (if I-'dueation i every i'erlon, I fuppole, has tele the I'llids uf 
 them i they often pioeeed Iron the moU amiable Motives; and 1 have 
 knosva Men of the bell Hearts and of found Underllandinys ineat!;. 
 inlluen.ed by ihvm , - but becaufe I refpecl thefe naturd Defed-, m iiiv 
 Nei:;hbours, v.uuld it be fair or honourable in me to fotler, cherilh, and 
 eiK:ouraj;c thtiii ? 
 
 Is it ciuiferrinp; anv I-'avonr on a People to nurle and feed I'rejiolllf- 
 fion ., wl.ii.'h Iroin t'u-'r verv N'aine inulf be conlidered .is laidta (jr 
 Dk-;iiill)es ? No, Sir, tor t!iou;;h it would bt- extremelv wron;; to wour.d 
 the I-'eelinf^. <jf a I'.ojil.-, by atremptinf; rudely to eradicate their Prepi- 
 liires i yet I confidcr ;t as tl.e Duty of (ioveinment, in Kindnels to ;: . 
 ii'ibjeCls, to weed out tliele I'leiudice:, gently and by Detjices. 
 
 The l-'rench Canadians have now been Thirty Years fiibjecl to th.- 
 Briiilli l-'.mpire i they have had 'Iiitk- to acquire fome of our Cui'.oin . 
 ami Manners, to lltidv la a certain Degree the I'rinciples of oui Laus 
 ai.d L'tnillitutiiiii 1 anil 1 ihi'id before this Honourable Houi'e tlie Atjent, 
 I hive no I (elitation fi lay, of a Number of die molt rclpeciable and 
 moil intelligent of tiicfe l-reiuh Canadians, to fohcic the total Repeal 
 of the (l^irbec Ad. 
 
 The InveiHgation, wl.ah wa> mavle liy Ord.er oi' Lord Dorcheiler, :n t!ie 
 ■^'c.r- i";S;, into tlic pall Adu.inulration of Jultice in the I'rov cce, and 
 
 B whicli 
 
 i# 
 
f 
 
 f " J 
 
 s, :iJ' <i. ilif lIar,JAornisM.iii-ft\'*M'n''l^''rs n* wdl .n the l^Hlpii'rs 
 'uiksiiii tl,. I'l i 'T ai'.i lower Cntirts in tl.c I'luviiU'i* rinn- iliit IVriml, 
 •',11 liuw, tlmr niith'i- ili'' .Iii.':is, f!ic l.-nvyors, nor the I'ri.jilc, tituliT 
 il.lU'l v,ii.:t '.••tre rhc 1 .nxv. of Can.ult prcvions to i\w Coiiqu.lh i'licri' 
 li.i. l)fni no Crrn !;•)• (ui .'.av Oliic.l nt" I .;iin.it:on, rxcrpt in tiiJi 
 M .ii^rs I. r;;',.ri;i.| ilii- l'.|U-ir»n. 'l'ratirinifi"Hin, or Alicnition of l..Jiu'cil 
 I'ritpviiy, whif iln- Citlnm ofl^.tus is \v\\ il' ;r. 1 riiinot, ilu'ifiorr, 
 : :tp|i()!.' (I, :• i\\\ 1 l'i!i'ii,r.ii)li' I \iw\e will lunli'l" r ic iniinitbiiu on t'l/ni 
 lo iM.ir:''; r!-.c I'l/niitun's ..i a I'.irt of the iViiplc. ni .i I'mnr ot' ti) nuicli 
 !,r,i nit.\i ' •• 'n i!k- Wlii.ik- , •,;!i Ulijiv't lli.jr mnll ci>r>t mi>', ;inil [Trli.ipi 
 't]i'r-\w, tl .t C<'aUiiion \:'v ^\ h.it too Lin^; pii'vailcvl in rlie I'nivinci', 
 nl wliiili 11,'. b;ai'.-St ;r,f C'>ii;'.t^ into Hiln'/LvS iii'I nn.Miioni\! much 
 rnt.;i;ili li ...i'.ri'c'^ r.ic I'l'dj.lf. 
 
 1 ih.ll h"; '• •:..'.» thii I li;-.<>'.ir.;l)lr 1 1. nte i> ill Pi'i il tlitr VVIioic ot' the 
 <Jnil<4i- Alt .1) tuoiiliati f rtiih tlir ihlitts ol iiv Conltitm-nrs i icncli 
 Mul Knyiilh, .:■. ini.i; a M itmc extu-iiH-ly ( l>ri'JX:'ii!i to tlirin. Onr nr 
 'i v.ip ll.oit t i.ri.is ivJiitd to i.'.i; nw liill ..1.1 [roviile lor evcrv I'.irt 
 ol iii.it Art wlii'li i> ticcflV.iry tit be rfainci. — Wc flull, pi-rii.ips, Cm\ 
 t liiilicu'ntlv Diilknit to (-xijl.iin and limlfrdaml tlic new 1 ,.r.v j luit 
 
 n.n.l jiiMily ■•iicu.ir'.- our Dirfif iiltu-s ii wc aic oliligf i i > rt\ctt 
 I" tii'- l^ u'iu'c .\:1 tl) ki-.ow I;,.: lull l.x;eiu of <nir Conlhtutiun. 
 
 Mv Coiillirurn'b \\\\h to ri<c;v(' lin.ii the Britilh I'.irl; lounr a 
 nv/ .intl cijiUpltat C'oiillitution, iiiul<i;;^iHi .unl niK'inb,iir,;ii( li \sith 
 .iJiV L.av.s piior to this Ptrioil. Atti txpiainini; Acts or .liiK'nilm^ 
 Acts, liowtxrr ttifv inay i'c prn|)er ami nccclLry in tlif I'rogrcN 
 of K".;iiiatioii, olitn involve tnc Oincds in (^iratcr I'crplrxitifs anJ 
 t'onCui'.i.n , ,itui It Is of the u;nu)il Importanif to the I i.uiquiliity <-f 
 tiR' Pio\wn\', tli.ir the n.w I onlluution Ihoul.l be iliai, ilillind, 
 1 o !UfJ, .mil ifi'clli.vbli'. 
 
 ■{'he Till Dciv, iiiuiiT III Deliberation of this 1 lonourablc 1 1 on ft- pro- 
 jxl'-s, in the >iionJ ami i'iil)lcipic-nt enai'ting C'Luiles, to I'epar.ite or 
 \li idc tht; I'rovince inio Two Ijovcrnnn-nts, or oihcrwile to ciect Two 
 ci.Uinct I'lovmci's in liiat fotintrv, nulcpL-n<lent of each other. I i annoC 
 (oniiivf wiiat Utulons ii.ive iiulurt-il the I'ropoCition o( tins violent 
 Mcaiiii' . 1 have not L'-ard th.it it has been tlu- Oli|c.:t nt ^'.ener.il Willi 
 ol thk i .ovalift's, vvho an- (euUil in the upper I'artsol tiic I'.oviiue ; and 
 I ( an alii re this Monoiiral)!^ Motile, that it ii is not been clelireii by the 
 Inhahliar.t . of the lower l'.,i:.i of the t. Oiiturv. I a;ii contivli nt tins 
 I Ivinourable Hovil'e will j euiue tiie Danier of adoptiiif; a I'l.ui which 
 iii.iv ln\e the molt fital Conleipiences, while the app.ircnt Advantages 
 w/irh it (jli'ers to \'ievv arc t; v, ai.ii of no pre. it Moiiien:. 
 
 Sir, the LoyiillU wi.o h..ve kttleii in the iipptr I'arts of ilu- I'ro- 
 Miicc have had Kcalon to eoinplain of the |;irk-iu SylK-m ot Civil 
 (ii^vcriii) ent, as utll as the Subi'cribers to tiie I'etitions now on the 
 'I .'.bl'- ot ti.is 1 lonouralile I luiife. 'I'liey have been I'ellow Siilferers 
 NMtii us and iiave lelt all that Anxiety for the I'relervation of tlieir 
 i'roperty, whiJi the Ojjeration of unknown Laws mull ever o( eafion ; 
 
 a bitualtoii 
 
 J 
 
 
 
[ : J 
 
 M 
 
 m 
 
 .1 Sifii.itii'M of ,ili oihrr.^ ilif mod liil'ii ir.ible riml daiffliiij;, .i::i! w!u> !t 
 in IV It.ivf fn;i:i;;«Hl fomf of t'l-l'f !V(i|'lc, wlu> mul'.t li'ir pi ri.f;ve M\f 
 tiihcr W.iv to ';<t out ol' liidi Mili;., to coiMtcnar.c' tl.o Pi ins vi \ 
 li".v ritlivuiii.ilM, wlu) wcr;' inui-c inti nt to luppi rt tin ir own Srlieinc* 
 th.in ro promote thr triir liitrn'tN «ir li.vv('rnriici:r, u\ tin- |.;etirral Tran- 
 iju.Il.iy :iml I'roCpfritv of t'l.it fxtfnlivp Cmin.r'-. V,\r, Sir, wen tup- 
 pofin;' fli.ir tins Divilion lias bevii pcpoiv'il, 1:1 (.'onlcijurn'-tr of the 
 t'ciural Will) .111.1 iV'liic ol t!if I.ov.ili;'>, I |iijp>r tliis 1 loiiun, ihlt IIdu;-- 
 viU (( nCiiicr, on ;'.n i)()iiil of liic!) v.'l' Imp'^rMiue :ri that ';f' !.-p..ratin^ 
 Icir cvt-r the InrcrciN ami CiMUK'itir)ns .>t" tlif PeopK- of a Cuiin'ry, v.lio 
 linni loL.il Situitioii wi'ii' (iTr.tit'lv uilij^dcii bv Nuurcfo remain iiniteil 
 as Onf, iliat ilf liicrilK, ilu' 1« -Imu), and Uilites ii' tlit; I'^-jpIr o: 
 1 .'iwi r C ait.ula tiiii.'!.t to lir ton: ilrc : ami afcmlc.l f , as \.cll ui t!ie 
 uilil l'i()|(.'aw)r a liiKill lluvly ol IV'o; ;.-, who art* tt.iiilv tcatitroJ ovci 
 the iipptr l'iit> i/l till.' I'rovince, v>\n> h.in' iu>t liail i'.nie to cr.fjuitc 
 into ami rN.iiniiK' tiic:r 1 la'.ivf Sitv:..'.. i;i, aii.l the natural DcpendanLC 
 tshuli tlioir Couiiiry mull liavi- on ilic lower Parts oi'tii- Prr. inrc. 
 
 Sir. ill till- IVtiiio.'.s now on tlu- Table tV mi mv C<'nriiluf:i:is, Fii- 
 Inbitaiits ot the 1'rovim.e ot (V^tci)c\, tins Honourablf I loulf v.ill ob- 
 h-rvf tlii'v have tompliiiu'd, that the I'mvuKc ii is betii alrculy ijitMtly 
 mir.ilatcili ami t'l.it i!-. Kclonrtcs v.viuKi be i^rca'ly rrd'ntd by the 
 Upiratijii of the Ircitv i>t' I'cicc of 178J. Bur, Sir, thtv could not 
 have the moll dillant Idea of this new nivifiun. They cjiild not u,n- 
 <eive that, wink ilits mmpla.ncd of the Ivxtcnt of tl.cir Coiinirv bciii;; 
 idnady lo nuuli reduced, as ir.aterially to prcjiulice their liicnils .uul 
 Coiict riis, It WMuUI be llill farther reduced .iiul aliridrnil. It at il.c 
 Tinie tliry penned their I'etilions thry eould have tnppoled or f'orctaii 
 tin. jiiopoled l>;\ii;i>n, it would have furnillied tiiem w.tli iiuitli 
 llroiii;ir Keaioiis in i. oinplaiiir, that their IiiterelU wouii! thereby be 
 injureil. Sir, 1 am lure tins nonouraMc I Ionic will a;';'C'.-, liiat a Pro- 
 vincr oii'Ju not to he divuled into Irparate and in.iej '"nilant tiovern- 
 lucnts, l)ut on the moll iirger.t ("JeraHoiis, find after havinj^ ferioully and 
 carefullv weii'Jied ,dl the ConlVquenefs whicli lufh a S'"!'.iration i; 
 likely to produee: l^'ur if fioiii l''xperience tl, • Oiv-fion fhall be liuiid 
 ilan-rroiis to the Security of GoviTiiui'nt, or f) the L^'ner.il Inn r.tls of 
 tlu- I'eopir, It eannot a;;^ain be re-u litcd. That ilron;.' Pr nci;ie of 
 Natioiialiry or National Pre'mdiee, wlmh at prrfent e nntvts ili' People 
 of that Province to one another, as heiag Members -f dnc Stat.-, .vho, 
 though fLattereil over an immeide (.''luntrv, vet all liok u;j to Oiu- 
 Centre of (iovrrnmeiu for I'lotCL^ion nd Relief', is of the u'm ill ConlV- 
 (',11. lice to tile Sfi urit;. of ( lovrrn.iient, ; laCou' try wliere the I:i!i.ibi:ant.i 
 arc lo much dil'prrled. It is that polin. .d Coiui'-cUon whicli li,rins i'u'ii ,1 
 prominent Fearuie in the Cliarafter ol all Nations; bv whi. h we feel .it 
 Pirll Sirht a I1cf';rec of Kiicndlhip ami Atrachn-ent whiih inclines i:s to 
 allbciate with, and to Irrve, a Siil>iect of ilie lame Kiniidoiu; u!iic!i makes 
 OS look on a Perlon froiii the lauifCoun-v or Province as an Aciniaintanci-, 
 and (.">ne Irom the lame 'I'own as a Reluion: ,\iid ir is a fact wh'ch tl.c 
 Millorv afall Countries has ellablilhed beyond the Polfibility o.'' a Doubt, 
 that People arc more united in the ilatiti of Irifiullliip a::J facial I:-.- 
 
 tvl.OUli.-, 
 
 
 

 [ « ] 
 
 :j!i:i 
 
 t'-'icourU-, and nie more rcaily to afiuici imitual Ailwlancc ami Siipporr, 
 flora Iniim coniu'i'^ti'il hv a common Centre of (iovfrr.mtiu, than !>/ 
 ;!r.y other 'i'ie. In I'ma!! States tiiib I'lineiple is very llronj!:; liureven in 
 extenlive I'.nijiire'. .<■- retains a ';reat Deal of its I-orLC; lor, ('■efuies the 
 .'lanir^l 1 reiiuiiee wi.ieh incline., ns to Uvoiir the I'mple iioin our own 
 Country, thole who Vvc at tlv.- l.',xtreinities of an ixtenfiec K;iV!;.iom or 
 i'rovinei; are Compelled ui i.eep up a ConneeHh^;; or Cc.nel|)()ndence 
 with tliolc wiio live near the Centre or Se.it ordnv.rnme.it, a> t.'iey will 
 neceH'sriiy at TinH-s have (lecaCion to ap-iiv i.ir l-'avi-ui:., Jalliee or 
 Right j a'lul tl-i^v will lin.l ;t lonvenient Ui nipieii t!ie Anii'.ance ...i 
 Support ol' thole whole Situation enables the,.i to alljrd ir, 
 
 I mi<'lir here coinpare the iliiTerent Situation d Scotlaiul, now united 
 to Lngland, aiul I'uverned bv the fame Le^illature, with f.iT.e otl'er of 
 the iJeiien.lencies of the lintilh F.m|>ire; but I eonfider it to be unne- 
 c eflaiv, as the Object mufl.' be ]Meleiit to the RecoUeclion ol every Mem- 
 ber of thi: I lonourabie lloule. 
 
 I l-;-;; I .eave to iiientiiin, .-.> a Confuieration wdrtl'.y of llie Attention 
 (t tins I ionourabie Houh' ...\i::.ii i:;e Divilion uf thar Country, and ih-' 
 I'.ltablillur.ent c f a new (J;jvern;nent in the u] i er I'.ii: o: u, tl..;! the 
 new I'ro\'i:;!C will t"- entii'ei; cut ot:' Ironi all Coni.iiunieation w;th 
 (•jiat P.rii.iii-.i that tl.eii' d.r.: riur.enr will be eoinplete w iihia itlelf , 
 and r.s lrn;n their Sirnatioii they cannot carrv on an\ l-oreirn Comnu-rec 
 but by tiie Intervention a,;d A.'iillanee c{ ilic Mirchants (jI (^lebee .oul 
 Montreal, t!iey will th<'r(!.n ■ have l:tt!-; Occalion to correlpond witli 
 drea: Britain, and ti w Opui'i ;L:;iitics oi'mixin[;; in the Societ\ ;f Britons. 
 1 Itnv l.ir thel'e '^'irc mrllan. es iv.av ojicr.ite in gradually weal ning their 
 Attailime-it to t!us K;iiL;dom I fl'.all leave to the KcHec on of the 
 1 lonouralde Meniliers. 
 
 1 liele are ConrKlerjtmr.H wiiich I liave no Doubt vv:il '.ve doc 
 \\'u^.iht witli this I lor,ourai)le Houl'e i and theie are many ot rs ot' :» 
 -ei.eral I'olitual Natuie equally lirong, and perhaps n.ur poinietl 
 a;.;aiiill this Innovation, which will uecclVanly occur in rhe Co deration 
 of tlie Sulijii t. l>i:t tlure is One Conlidcrai.op, wh;ili;s<;f" e utmol'l 
 Importance id i!ie IranquilJity of the I'eople iniiabiiin|', all t Parts of 
 th.'.t CoUf.trv, and which will alone, I ho|ie, be fuir'cuiit to .'taye this 
 Honourable 1 loul'e to nject t!ie I'lan in a new iinlependia, '•ovcni- 
 meiu. 1 beg Leave to requell that tlie Honourable Meiiibt-rs will 
 recollefl ami a:ii;.d U) the (jeograpliii al Situ ition ol' that Country, 
 from which it will appear evident that no Veltei of any Kind can pro- 
 ceed farther u|) the River St. Lawrence than ilie City of .Montreal, on 
 Accnent of tiie Rafnds, v.h.uli arc immediately above that linvn. Of 
 couiie, as even Art: ^.le ot Netiiruy or I .u,^;ury which the Inhabitants of the 
 upp( r Diilii.tb iave occaf.on for from Britain or any lorcign Country 
 mull lonie to tiiem by tiie River St. Lawrence, they mull be landed 
 at or bi low Montreal, v. i.eie r'lev mult be llored by the N'Urcliant.. of 
 l^iibec or Montre.il uiitd C.uria;',es ami Hoats arc piovidul to ilnd 
 iliem forwar.l; lihewife, tiiat tvcry .Article of Produce which tiie People 
 of thele I pper DilhiC'.i w:lh to l.•^port, mull be le.'-.t m IJo.its to Mont- 
 
 ie.d, 
 
 ^iMM 
 
 ,iJ# 
 
[ 9 1 
 
 nr I'crliaps to Oir!i"c, Tir the I'iir|vi|".: of hcin,"; fliippcr) tV)r 
 rt.iiMii j and i:i;u ,ia well tlic Anirh'. (,t'lnv,v)rt r,.s (,; Kxport mulV, 
 
 ',ve ('ix: 
 
 ■ r-i (It" ,1 
 
 poiiiuil 
 
 iierat:(iii 
 
 f utinoll 
 
 Fan- <>[ 
 
 ,t;ago tlii-i 
 
 '•ovcm- 
 
 iIhts will 
 
 CoiiiUf ) , 
 
 i can pro- 
 
 nirc;il, 0!i 
 
 own. Of 
 
 atitb of the 
 
 1 Countrv 
 
 be laiultil 
 
 cliaiit.. oi 
 
 in- I'ropli- 
 tu Moiii- 
 
 ).'.('":h.,' tl'.roiii'li tlie Luivvr C'lm.try, hccoiiic riilv<t:l: to tin- Lawsj 
 
 1 
 
 K'.i'ul.ii l()•l^, Dmifs, anil ^aM^ wliicli uvv be iniiHilVii hv ilu' l./'!Ti(l:i- 
 niit- (i( tin- l.owiT Countrv. >ow, luppciintr the Divifiijn to takv.- Dace, 
 3^ 11 mav I) • e:;pcdi-(l that tlr- lu-w I,e:';ill .Line >)f (^Vichec Ihall, in due 
 'i'iiiie, I'tovide a HeMiiiic towai'Js ih;- Si:p]inrt of the (^wil (iovern- 
 11.1-111 of'tliat I'artoftlie I'rovince, it is iivnc- than pt'ilialile that \vh:r- 
 fver M^nev is i lii'cii for tiiat, or any other pnhiie I'urijole, will be thi.-u* 
 bv l)inies pivable on Importations, It is therefore an C^'iieCt tliat 
 (iefcrves il.e moll f'tions lictli'ction of i!;e 1 lonoiiralile Memiier', to 
 conlider how far the I'eople inhaliitinji; tiie Upper (iovernmeiit will 
 np-irove of, and be rontent to pay 'I'.ixes or Diiiies on their Importation^ 
 or !■ xportati )ns, win-:) tlie Produce ni tiuile Taxes uv Doiies is to bi: 
 iipplu d tow irds fnpportiiH^ tlie I''.xpenci-s of the Civil (iovernnient of 
 tlie 1 .ov.c-r Provir.ee ; or ti>r biiikhn!:i; juiblic Edifices, or otlicrwife iin- 
 provinj! or beaiitiiyiii;!; tliat I'ait of ihe ("iinti".' j or (or tlu' I'urpofe of 
 graniin|>; bounties or l'.ncoiira;;ements to piomote Afirieukeirt , or par- 
 ticular I'rades or Minaiac'tures, ot whili tht Feo.'le m the lljiper 
 I'rovinc'- c aaiiot, froin tlieir tiituation, in any Manner participate of the 
 Advaiita!..,es. 
 
 It is imjiofl'ihle, Sir, if the Province of Qtiebee is divided, for xUc 
 Wildoni of Man to lay down a Plan fur thele Obinfts that will iioc 
 affitsl Matter of Dilpiite, and erea'e Animofities bciweeii the (joverti- 
 meiUb oi the I'wo I'rovinces, which in a few Years may lead to tin- moll 
 lerious Coiifeqiienees. This would be lowing the Seeds of nilfentioii 
 and (_hiarrels, wliieh, however eafy it may be to raife, ;t v.dl be found 
 cxtr(,;,ely difliciilt t.) apj:eale. 
 
 1 fre, Sir, that tlu're has fa-en an Amendment made to tlie Rill in thr 
 Conim.ttcc, relative to the Duties whieli may be ordered to be levied 
 by Paibiment for the Kcj^ulaiion of Commerce ; which is, " that Par- 
 " haiiunt may appoint and liirert the Payment of Drawbacks of fuch 
 " Duties fo impoled." This, Sir, 1 fippale is intended to f^ive Draw. 
 backs to the Upper I'art of the Couiiirv, on fuch Coods as are earned 
 there wl.iJi may iiavc paitl Duties of l.iitry on Importation uikj the 
 
 open a wide Door f)r S 
 
 )r JimujTi'lins:, 
 it i and 
 
 in a 
 
 1 .ower Country. But this wil 
 
 Country where there is no Pofilbdity of preventini^ it; and 1 am lare 
 the I'e ijde of the Lower Country will not be plealed to fee lar-e Sums 
 of the Money, levied on the Importations, drawn back by Smui^j^ters, 
 '1 ins will I):- fo'.'tid a very inelleftual Mode of providm:^ a U'eiftdy for 
 an DlijeCt of that Importance, and may have the moii^ ferious Cunfe- 
 fjuenees, by railing Q^icllions of the inoil delicate, and to the Piovinc!: 
 ot the moll intcrcllin^; Nature, 
 
 In fliort. Sir, this Divilion appears to me dangerovis in every Point of 
 \'iew to the Britifli Intereft in Amerrca, and to the Safety, Tranquillity, 
 ..: d Profperity of t!ie Inhabitants of ever>- Part of the Province of 
 (Yicbec— It may, periiaps, have been alledeed in Favour of dividmir the 
 PioviiKc, tliat the DiHaoce which fonie of the Deputies of the Upiier 
 
 C Dilir.as 
 
I 
 
 10 
 
 DifliKi.^ will h:ue to tr.u'cl to meet thoff of the LmviT nirtri/ in Ic- 
 f^illatuio v'DiiUl be inonv.-r icnt ami cxpcnrn-f. ii'^r, Sir, In tuc (.'uiivi-- 
 nicnce of I'iftci-n or I'wer.tv Mfiv.ljcr; of rlu" Lc(i:ll,itiir'- .,n Obint of 
 l'\:cli Mor.u'iir, that t'-.f !i.;n.]iiiility of 'Ju; Whole «>f ih.it c-xifiifive 
 Country iiuitl be endanger; J. to afi'uri.' thrir !■ .ilV : Ho liot L^lithlu■|^ .iiul 
 the Orkneys leiui Memhtv-. ro reprefent t'r.ein ;•) this 1 loiuiur.iblf 1 loule ? 
 Ami I will venture to .iluin this Mo;u)ur.U>k' 1 \.'iv.''\ t'l.it it will not be 
 more dillicult to travel in the inhabueel I'.urs d that Country thin i: 
 li Iron i!ie C)rkne\b to I,oc.i!oii. 1 ber; 1 .e.ive, on tlii.s I'oMt, to brmt.; 
 U) tiie K.'olltction of t;.;- llonourable 1 loulc, tn.ir tiie Dili uue trom 
 Q^;t.bt>. U) Niai^ira is .'Jiout 50.1 Miles, and tiuit N'.ii^aia may lie con- 
 (iclereii a& the utmolt l.xtiiu, Wellvvard, uf the Cultivable part ot tiic 
 I'tuviD.e. I'or ahh(HU;h i.iere is a fnal! Seiilement at 1)( troii, wlucli 
 IS and limit be i.()nrKi(.ri\! 01 Importance as a Poll to trade witii the In- 
 dians, vet it nnitl api>ear to this Honourable lh)ule, from its Situation, 
 that It L.m never bceoine ot any gteat Importance .is a Settlement ; tlie 
 Kdlls of Niai'ara arc an t. irnnnountable liar to tne Tranlportation of 
 inch rude Muerials as t!i' Produce ot the Land. As the farmers about 
 Detroit, tiiercfore, will liave only their ouii Setth'inent tor the Con- 
 liimption of their I'roduTe, fuch a confined Market uuiH {greatly iin- 
 (lede tl;e Pii-i'rcls of S ■'li-ment an i CiiUiv.ition tor Aj^a's to tome. 
 Sir, as the greatelt I'.xtent uf the Cultivable part of t.he Province Well- 
 wan! may lie ellimated at 5:0 Miles Ditlar.ee irom (^lebee, the Dillricti 
 of Galpe and C!ialeur May are aln oil as far l.all of ;hat Cajntal, being 
 about 400 Miles dilhuue; lb th.ic (^lebec is nearly in the Centre of 
 the Cultivable part of t!ie Province, and when t!ie Roads arc properlv 
 made, which will be the Cale in a few Years, tlie Dilhuice of citlier of 
 i!ui'e Places will nor be e^Jiifidered as any material Objeflion. 
 
 J his Honouraolc Houie svill b'rvewil'e conf'der, that in lueli an cx- 
 tenfive Country it is i.upulnble to fix tlie Kelider.ce of ( iovrrnn"..-n', or 
 the Seat of tlie Legiilaturc and S'lpeiior C'Uirt':, in a:.\' i'Liee when- 
 fome of the Members of Allembly, if they .ire Ref.denf. of the Dil'- 
 tricts for which they are chofen, will not have a threat Oillance to travel, 
 and therefore 2co or joo Miles is not an Obje't of Conl'equence, more 
 particularly when it is confidered that it will be tlirovigh the old fettled 
 !''art ot' tlie Country, v.liere the Roals are toleralily .;ood, Ateommo- 
 lia'.ionf convenient, m\k\ Travellin:-; expeditious. IV fidt'S, it car, not be 
 expected that the new Settlers will b , for lome 'lime, fnlficieiuly ad- 
 vanced in the Cuhlvativi of tiieir PariiS to find it convenient to be 
 abfent from their Ilomej I'lrce or I 1 tir Montlis for the Service of the 
 Public, eitlier to meet tiie I.e'jfl iiuie in tluir own Cour.tr}, or .it (^e- 
 hei- , and it is more t.um prob dde that tiuy would, tor lome Veari at 
 lea;':, prefer ciioofinft for tlicir Deputies Cientle.iien refidini^ in Qiiebrc 
 ■,\ni.\ Mij;. tre.il, wiio, liciiur coniieded v. it'i tliem in the Line of Bufinet., 
 will 
 m.il. 
 
 I>e futlicientlv mten'lled 
 
 tlie Prolperiiv of thefe Countries to 
 
 i'.ein at:envl ti aiv 1 .ui:; tiiat coiuxms the new Settlements. 
 
 All the Trade of the e L'|-|">er Setilei.ients ii-.nll, from their S'.tu.ition, 
 (iepen i on, and cen'rc in, Q2.iebec and Montreal. Thi' DifTiculties of 
 Co.ii.iumii aiion :n the Mer>aiui!e L.'iC are alieady very ;;reat, and re- 
 
 ip.iirc 
 
 
 ^3,{*f 
 
 m-. 
 
 vfc. 
 
 1 1 
 1^. 
 
 •) 
 
[ ■« ] 
 
 rii 
 
 in I.c- 
 
 ' f'il- (.'oilVf. 
 
 ■ n Olijiit of 
 i.it fxifiilive 
 J.iithiicls and 
 r.ililf 1 loulV ? 
 t will not l)c 
 iiitry til. Ill ic 
 unt, to liri.u; 
 )ill.incc' ti(j:ii 
 
 may lie con- 
 i- part ot the 
 
 I troit, winch 
 with the lil- 
 ts Situaliiin, 
 ilcmciu i ilie 
 ilj'ortatiDii of 
 
 II iiipr> about 
 or thr Con- 
 
 grtMilv lin- 
 es to come, 
 ivincc U'tli- 
 the Didricts 
 ipita!, being 
 c Centre of 
 art- properly 
 
 of cither of 
 [in. 
 
 bieli an cx- 
 
 ■ frnir.-iu, or 
 I'Lue when- 
 
 of the Dif- 
 ce to travel , 
 lenre, more 
 f old lettleil 
 
 Aecomino- 
 It cat, not be 
 Heiemly aJ- 
 cn.ent to be 
 rvic- of the 
 
 or at (^c- 
 ine Vear^ at 
 ( in Qiiebrc 
 of Bufinel ., 
 oiintnea to 
 riiients. 
 
 ir Sitn.trion, 
 ifTieuhies ot" 
 •at, aiul re- 
 
 ijuirc 
 
 
 :f: 
 
 quire much Pcrfeveranre and Inciuflry to overcome tlicm. This in- 
 tended Divifion will ii.ttirally erea'' many nvre OMI.k K> ; ar.d will 
 imniediarely be injurious to, and evr;itually operate t!ie Rj;;i oi", both 
 Countries. 
 
 Sir, it may have been likewife alTTted, in l''avour of the Dieifion, 
 that the F.oyalills in li'.e IJpj.er DiltrKts mult have a Code oi' 1 avs for 
 I.mded Property and InheriiaMce cKlierent from that of t lie Lower DM- 
 tricts, whue the Tenures are all on the Feudal Syltem ; but tint ia an 
 Ari.Miir.ent whith cannot li ivc any ineat Wei'd^' widi tliis I lonourable 
 Houl'e. The Union of l-ngland a:ul Scotland under One l.etnflatuie 
 iViews tliat though I'vvo Coiintrii-, or Dillricls may have different ! ,uws 
 to ie!i;ulat(' and i^overn their Couits of JuUice, that One L.e;:il"lature 
 mav be fully Inflicient for all the I'urpolcs of legillatinj^ for both, and 
 can attendi to the Laws and Kegulations, or Alterations, th.u may be- 
 come necelVary or convenient to cither. I h ive not heard that the 
 People of Scotland have ever complained that their IntereOs have lu*en 
 neiTjec'ted by the Britilli L.epiflature, or that luch Laws or Alteration' as 
 have appeared necelVary have been at any 'I'lme refuted : The Upper 
 Diltrifts, therefore, can have no iuft Caule to be afraid ut' being ;i;- 
 eluded as Members of the Province of (.i^^iebec. 
 
 Tiiere are, Sir, between Three and Four thoufaad Families of 
 I.oyalills fettled upon the Bank of tlie Kiver Cataraqui, and the North 
 Side of I , ike Ontario, in detached Settlemen; , many ot their, at a 
 great Dillance from the others, befides tliofe on f.ake F.rie and at 
 Detroit. Civil riovernment cannot have much Influence over .i Country 
 to thinly inhabited, and wheie the People are lb iiuich dilperl'ed. 
 Duriii;; io Years th.it I have relided in that Province 1 tie not recollect; 
 a fiiK'le Inltance of a lli;jhwav Robbery; and the Farmeis tonfid.cr 
 thcmlelves lo fecure thai they often go to fleep without buhiiii; their 
 Doors. 
 
 The Crimes which have been brouglit before the Criminal Courts 
 ill the I'rovmce lia\e been generally committed in t!ie I'ouns and 
 tlieir \'icinitv, where tiie Coiuourre of .Stangcrs en. )iirai:es \'icf and 
 Immorality, and where Idlcnels, l)i nnkenncl's, and Dill'ipation, lead to 
 (j^iarrels, I'heits, and I'ometimes, but very lekiom, to liiglier Ciimes. 
 I: will be evident Iroir. thefe facts, tiiat a Criminal Ju-lge will have 
 very little to Co in thel'e Ufiper Didricts where tiiere are no I'owns , 
 and li'ltrc ii ^tr^iiigcr inujl at nil i'liuss it a deftmble Htgbt. 
 
 In the Year 1788 L.ord Doreiieiie:-, in Confeijueiice of an Ordinance 
 of the I ,ej;,iilative (.'otincil, ilivided thefe Upper Settlements ii.tu Four 
 Diltrifls or Counties; and for the Convenience of the People eltablilhed 
 a Court of Common Pleas in each Dilhicd, and apj oir.ted Judges, 
 Jillices ot tlie Peace, and Sherifls for eacii ; and thefe I'cople fince that 
 I'liiie have had their Courts re^ulaily. How f,ir it may bepropirto 
 appoint a Cliief Jultice, having JuridiiTtion over tiiefe Dillricls, to act 
 as a Criminal Judge wiien neccllary, and, with a Lieutenant liovernoi, 
 10 carry i.ito Fllcct i.x Powers and Orders uf Gyverim.cr.t, to Inrm .1 
 
 Couii 
 
( ' 
 
 t. 
 
 I 2 
 
 Co>irr of F.rrors or Appral, to rt'vilc il.<' I'rorcc.linijs of tlit,- Courts of 
 Co.)i.ron PliMs, 1 ihiil not inliiineto l.i., but luili .in l''.l*.ihiilhnu lu 
 canni^t b:- any Iniptiliiiu'nt to iiu- Union of rlu- Country ii;u!fr ()i;c 
 L/rriOariirr i and I iic<r leave luiinhly im |"ul'i;iII tor t!ic C<)ni.i;t.ra;ioii (if 
 th;> 1 loiiouraMf Moiiff, wlierhcr a laryc Sui aty, fioin ihc \' m .itv of con- 
 ten. i'ln,:; IntiTflls which it ii,'.!'.iiics, in.iv not In* ii'.orc imHIv rr,in.iL>cd 
 and jiovcrncd, tlian wlu'n it ii divided into (mailer and more coinpaiTt 
 Bodies. 
 
 r, 
 
 Ml ' 
 
 :i 
 I' 
 
 I 
 
 "I 
 
 r 
 
 Sir, bv the Bill now under t!ip Conf.di'ratinn of tl.i'. I Iiv.otir.iblt.- 
 
 Honle, It i.s projofed thit the Offiv.\' of Menibrr of the l.egiilativo 
 
 Council mav, at liis Ma'nily's riealure, b>- made hereditary j that i.s, 
 
 to form a Kind of Nobihty or Arillocr.itic I5ody in tii.it I'rovinre. 
 
 '\'lu>, .Sir, is i;o;ii!^ faitiier t!'..in the People Ii.ivcderHTil, as tliisllo- 
 
 tiourable Iloiilewdl lee by tlieir Petitions ; for liirv h.ive therein or.lv 
 
 requefled, that the Councellors iliould hold their i'iaees during tiicii 
 
 L.ife, and Kefidence in the Province. I his, tliey conliilered, v.as all 
 
 that was necelfiry for tlicm to al?:, or that v.as proper or expeiiicnt, fur the 
 
 jircfenr, to ijrant tf.em. 'i'lie Idi.i o( heit-litarv Coohrefors, like m uiy 
 
 other Ipecolarive Ojunions, !ias more ot Pl.uilibilitv in ir, thin ot real 
 
 Advantage. It is an Jxpenmenr extreiiielv danrvroiis in any infant or 
 
 yoiiiij Coloiu', but it miiif a[ipear ablolntely ridiculous in i!ie Province 
 
 of t^ieb( c ; where there ire f) fe.v l^anded p.il ites of ai)V coiilider.il)le 
 
 Value, and wliere, !iy tl.e l^iws of Inliei i:,ince, thefc 1 fb .fes mull, at 
 
 cverv SiicccfTion, be fo much fiilniividcd. 1 lie Laws of l^rimoj^-'iiittirr, 
 
 as followed in this King 'omi, en^h fs t':e Ut;'relentaiui.s of noble l-'am;- 
 
 lie-- to fupport the I)i;.;ni'\ ami ^j 1 ndour ot iheir Si;oati(ins, and to live 
 
 in that St.jte of IndepcriilaiiK- wh:ih leeures tlie proper Kifpc't t.) tiicir 
 
 elevated Uanic, as hereditary Peers of the Realm i but, Sir, the l-tenc!i 
 
 Laws relating to Succelllon ,ind Inheritaiue, w.iicii, by this ]5ill, arr 
 
 iiuii.i;ed to legnlate the l.,a: i!' d i'ropertv of the hiwer Part (;f the 
 
 Country, pive to the eldefl So;,, on the Death of tlie J-af.rr, o ilv One 
 
 Hall ot thule of I, IS lathet'i l.i'uicd Kllate^ whiih ..re h.ld Ov wl,at :% 
 
 called in the 1-rench 1-aw Noble Tenure, tliat is, m l-iet .iii'l Jsei;/,- 
 
 ncurv immediately from the Cr. \wi. The other Half of thcfe p llatrs ii 
 
 divided airon^;the other Chihirer. ; and the Moveable-, a.s well as th(>fe 
 
 Laniiei.1 1'.llates which are heKl tiy (irant and i.'oii, elho.i from .■» Subiict, 
 
 which are ralleil Bale Tenures, are equally .'ivi led a i!on_r ail the Ciiil- 
 
 dn n, Male and Pen. ale. Ihereli.re, as there arc very le\\ (Tentieoua 
 
 in that Country who i-.ofTe'":. .'-ilate, of t . liiil DefVript'oi, in I- let ar..l 
 
 5seignenrv, v.liirli produce- toth;;iia cle.r A,;.;..l Rcvuii;e d /,. ;oo 
 
 Sterling, this Jlonouiable Mem- muft perceive i!ic l.iipropriety' of 
 
 making any honnuralile PolU in liiat Country hertMit irv. For thefc 
 
 Eftates, from ihc men- Dp.rr.ti.K ,f I.,nv, in In.'-nden: of ihe impiudrnce 
 
 of the Poli'eiTors, mull at cvu y'S';rre!ii .-. be rcducnl One I 1 dt , and, 
 
 in Two Ge.-ieratiohb, mull incvitiMv link into Infii;iiifi.-ince i .mJ the 
 
 hereditary Councellors, tromih(ii- Poveiiy, become the (Miiects. ..i C"on- 
 
 tfmpt to the Public. Sir, t' t- a na/inj^ Proyrtfs of Popidation iti thit 
 
 Country, points out tlie little p..,'-abilitv tf.ere is of Plates Seeommg 
 
 vacant for Want of Heirs. It n v. thcrcfote, be f^und diflkult m a fe^v 
 
 Ye.irj 
 
 M 
 
 

 I 
 
 ^ 
 
 Tr.i"'-. ro I'Kppr.rt t'.cDipnlry nf tli:ir Cr-ncil I'v i.cw Crc.;i:L;.v:, -MLUcxit 
 i.UTiMri.'.:; tl'x- Nu'IiIht o( iItc Mcnibcrs y\ j i«!'.h.K 
 
 It ■.•.iiiv, (;t-r!iaps, b'.- Ui>'i, Sir, tr.at !::c' lair.iiii's ol' t'lcie heredu.irv 
 Coniicel'iors ni.iy I)'- lupporttil in an in !i'pc;ulant Niiuatian, bv i::r;;)- 
 (liiciM!!; rhe Laws ot' l'riniO;;c!iiturc iiito tir,- Coi.ilitution ol' tiiatCoii,-,My. 
 1 lliairnot atifini:: to dilculs tlic Ad\Miu,i[H;s or l)ira:lvaiit;!fercs v,h:i;!i that 
 1 .iiw pwcliiccb in this Kin!.:iU)H-i ; but I ( a;i, withuiit ai'v 1 iciitatioii, ailuie 
 tir.s Honoiirab!;; 11 ohm; "that ic wouh! la- t-xntinvlv ir.'ui;ioi:s vt ti-..;t 
 i'mviiKc, Tilt; Irciuh l.aw, as !. lluwe.i at prcu i.t, :;, in tiiai KcuC'S: 
 I '.Mcli liCttt-r caiciiiatcd Cor a yoiiiiu; I'r.Miice; v.larc i: is at gnat B"- 
 luiU and Advaiuafi,L- ro Cultivatiun ..lul l-'oi'ulai.on that Luiu'. .' I'ro- 
 i.'.iiv Ihor.l^i be ciiviJcd, and lluauati-, and chanj^.c its L)vviKT.->i ai.d :;.'):•.- 
 i;.irni;ul.iiiy as luiiiC l-,li..'.)li!hinciu is nfci-llary for the yiun^itr lii.nn he.-, 
 ,)f l-aHiiUcs, in a Coiunry where there .n- no Manutaoturcs, and wi.crc 
 .> voiin[r i'cilon witliout i-'ortuiie lia> f^w Cj-poitiiniiif. of K;i.i:ii!; uiu in 
 L.fe m .1 reljH.T.ud'- 1 :.::v. 
 
 \\:M l"i:}.p.)ie the l.av. ot l'rMuo;.';:niturc ihall be el'.-.bidi.'.-d, ind [!ic I'.f- 
 ii-c. ot' thclc new ere.ued heretiitary Couiiceliors iheiebv leeurcd undi- 
 vuicd to the eideil Son . kiji|)ol'c even that liic L-.llites now t)el!)P.(;ing to 
 th'-ie luw Couiudlors ihail be entailed on their Heir at J ,aw ; all thar 
 v.oiiid ii.'.ve very little Liiect, and thole l''.rtates would be f.ir t'roin I'-itii- 
 i lenr to lupport the Diyiiiiy ot iioreditarv Councel!ur<, whicli, p-roba- 
 lily, wor.lvi be eonhdereil as the hi-ihel'l Kank in that Country, lor, 
 ; 'sor as that Country reallv i. in co;ileniiriu:c ot t!ic opprtfiivc Svllem 
 '■; I ..iv.s th.v i'.av;- been kept iindei, there are now, aiiioni- t.'ie iiier 
 < .w.tde (unileimn m the I'loviiue, tliole whole r.iuveable I'orti.nes are 
 
 I'-' 
 
 li.s ei|U 
 
 :1, it not iiiperiur to any oi the Sci>;neurial Ii'ati.-,; and 
 v.iio, Vinin' the I'"ni[)loyiiient and Support they ;.Mve to 'rhoiilands of 
 \\'f_ l'eo()lc, liave inf.ninly more Intloence in the Connirv tlian the 
 Seicneur-,. i'\)r, it would not be dilTuHilt to prove to this Monov.rable 
 1 lutMe that the Sei Mieiirs are almoll tmivetl'.dly dillikeil by their re- 
 nin!-,- Hut this is a n.uural Conleipieiue ot' Feudal Servitude, \\i\e:i it? 
 ilrc>ni^ Support, a llavilh Dependaiue on a great Ciiief, ia reuiovcd. 
 
 l-roiii thrie l-'afts I lio[)e this Hanouraide Hoiilc will lee t;;;- Impro- 
 prietv, and I mav I'ly the Danfer, of rendering the Place of Coiincellor 
 iiereditary in that l'ro\inre. T he Coiiarry is yet too yoiin;', and the 
 I'eople too iinich dJ'peiled, to achnit of tliat Ketincnient ; ami th.e I'or- 
 t'lnrs are too I'.r.all to I'upport an r.rtablilliiiier.c of that Kiiivi in a pro- 
 j.i r Side oi Indepeiuieiice. - . 
 
 Ilowfjrit may be proper and juiiicioiis, if His Majeily fliouiJ. lo 
 i.icline, to eonfer heieilitaiy Honour, on Cientlemen of the |j,reati.ll 
 i'ropertv and lal'.uence in that Country, by Way of ,itta;lii;:y li.ein 
 more llroi,;;ly to th.e InterelU of Government, i: would be impri>per lor 
 me in tins I'late to diuuls. lint if I'ueh a I'lan is conlidered expe- 
 dient, ihefe hereditary Honmiis oui:,!)" to be independent of the IMsce 
 of Coiincciior. I hel'e (ientlemcn may, at the lame I'line, be admitted. 
 
 Ue:r,il.- ( i any of l\,CiC honovir.iOie C<n);!- 
 J)' rtllors, 
 
 .1 die Coui-..d , and 
 
[ 14 ] 
 
 •It 
 
 cellors, tlir Son wlio f iccrci's to hi-- Faihci's htTcJit.iry Ilononrs miy 
 it His M.i). Ilv ^UmIis, be h.mkJ to luccccil to the v.ic.iiu Sc.it ar. 
 thf Co.mcil' Biurd ; (or tlir Place of Coimccllor «ill ever Ix' . nnlulirnl 
 as !uiii..iirai>ic in tint CuiiiitiV, unlefs it is i!ct;ra.l«l bv the lnfij;rifi. 
 caiuf an>l Incoiilcqitctuf of tlif M;nilu-rs, which it is fxtrcmcly pro- 
 banle v. ill he iiu- CalV, it ihf IM.u-cs arc iiiuir h-Trditary.— lor l:|-- 
 polin;; that the Coiiiufliors to lie apjiointt-d in Coiifcqucncc ot il i< liiU 
 (hoiilii icallv he thole who liavf tlic ('rcatcU lnlU;'.-iK<', ami podlf, rhe 
 preatcll Fortiinc>. in that Conntrv, this I loii(<ur,il)le I lu'ilt- mult |)!.t- 
 rcivc, from the vciv linail Vaiiie of tht- I , amir. i fortunes, tli.u the only 
 Means of Aciiiinuiation in that Coiuitiy mull hr bv the Oprratiohi 
 of Trade and C.oniiiicrce : Aiul 1 ihink I mav venture to alVert, lint 
 it is more than probable m Iwcntv Years, nav perhaps in 1 en Years, a 
 new Set ot Men mav come forwarvl, who may have aeqnir-H and rrali/eii 
 Fortunes n.uch hiperior to any now in that C'ouniiv; and whc, it is 
 natural to l'upp.>U-. will poiTefs a projiortional De^jrec ol Tohujal i'owcr 
 jiui Iniiuence. 
 
 I (hall hope that thclV Ar^uinrnts arc fufficicntly powriful to o;)- 
 vince this Honourable Honu- of the lmpro|)netv of makin"; tiie Place 
 ofCouneeilor hereditary, is it in.;y in a few Yeais [.'.really rmliarr.ifs 
 Government, and be the Means of degrading the Arillucratie Branch of 
 the I.egiflauire, from their Poverty or their Numbers, m the Fvcs of 
 the Puiilic, whith I lubmit i* an Objcrt of very ferious Conlideration to 
 this Honouratjle Houfe. 
 
 f! 
 
 I come now, ?\t, lofav a fw Words on the Manner in w.'iirh this Bill 
 providf! for the Kftablifhnifit of a lloule of AHembly or Kcprefenta- 
 tives of the People. The Number of Keprelentativcs who are to totn- 
 pofe thi"; Branch of the I.egiflarure (or Lower Canaiia is propolcd to 
 be not fewer th.an Thirtv. — Sir, in all the free States of Antiqiiity it w.is 
 a per.t'ral Rule that every fr<'e Citizen who (hole to attend iiail a Kij^l.t 
 to give his \'ote or Voice (in evrv public (JMieflion, either (or makm!T 
 f^aws or othcrwife. It is to modern I im<-s that we arc indebted for 
 that noble Invenn in by which a lars^e, populous, and cxtenlive Kingdom 
 may be '.governed on Principles which effc tiially lectire the Lilierty and 
 Independence of the People, wi.ilc the (jovernmrnt at the (ame Time 
 retains that Uniformitv, Wiuiom, and UiL^nitv, whie'i ouirfit t'lehar.irte- 
 rize a ^rcat and free People. I-'very Mtinber of this Honourable i lonfe 
 inull have anticipated wliat I mean , for the Kcprel'entation of the 
 People in tlie I etrinature by their Deputies is j)rrhaps ihe ^rcitell 
 Stretch of Political Wifdnm which the World has yet witinlTcd. 
 
 By this happy Inllitution the People ha»c the Opportunity, at parti- 
 cular Periods, of rhufing from ainon;' themlelves iliofe of their bellow 
 Snbjectsor Citizens who are moft remarkable for their VVildom, Abilitjrs, 
 Honour, and liidcpendcnLC , atid of deputing them to inert the tiovcr- 
 
 nort 
 
 
■ •; 
 
 ] 
 
 nours miy 
 
 
 iiu Sf.'.t ar. 
 
 
 I onlKkTi'il 
 
 
 (• Infinnifi- 
 
 
 (Hifly (ir«>- 
 
 
 — lor I:)-- 
 
 
 <>{ tils »lll 
 
 
 pofViTi rlir 
 
 ^,fi - 
 
 mtill |)(.T- 
 
 M 
 
 i.it the only 
 
 
 OptTJtlOll-, 
 
 'M 
 
 alVfrt, iliu 
 
 '■^' 
 
 Lll YlMr.S, .1 
 
 ■i'w 
 
 nd rr.iiucil 
 
 -'.|l 
 
 t who, 11 IS 
 
 ■tV' 
 
 ucal I'owi.r 
 
 
 fill to o:!- 
 
 -.s'. 
 
 \ the Place 
 
 
 y niih.irr.i!s 
 
 
 I' Br.iiich of 
 
 
 hr FvfS oC 
 
 
 iikTation to 
 
 
 ic!i this Bill 
 Kcj)rrtVi)(a- 
 arc to coin- 
 upjlc;! !o 
 quiiy It *.is 
 
 il.lll A Uiglit 
 
 for niakirif^ 
 lulclitrd for 
 vf Kingilom 
 LilitTtv anil 
 laiiu- 'I'line 
 td charaftf- 
 'ablr f li)»)fe 
 r;on of the 
 I he grcilell 
 iTcil. 
 
 ty, at parti- 
 thiir I'fllow 
 in, AbilitJM, 
 I ctic (jovtrr- 
 
 nors of the Kinj"!oT', to reviiV the ol 1 and fna(fT: new !,aw5, to afTirt in 
 dlrcding tiie (?( tiaiiuns of (jOVirn.ur,-,i, aivi i<> <-;:ami;i!- into ilic Coij- 
 dtift of the Pii!i|:c Sriv:nt.s. Wh'!'- t'lU IVopIc, latistiiii that their 
 D'"piitv lias evt ly Incliicriiifiit to art ^-.nU I'loiirierv, fioin the ilillin- 
 miirtied Honour tonffrred on liim hy ilieir C'h'iiro, and the cieat Triill 
 rcpolVd in hiin, know lihcwili, th;u i' e Period v.dl tinin arrive, when 
 he nniil return into the I'.tntral M,:! , and that all his Ho]ies o! being 
 re-chnfen mnl' depend on their Approbation of his jiall Condiirt. The 
 People, bein;; thus relieved from anv particular Aiteinion to Public 
 Affairs, arc l<-ft at full l,ili<rtv to filluw their I'cveral Occupation j to 
 fiiiplov their Talents and Indulliv to t!u-ir 'uvn Protif ; and each to 
 fn)oy the Fruits oi his I.ibo'ir, or the Advantages (i\ his Situa;;on. — 
 Sucli are the Henetirs v hich l\"preie:r.,;ti()i) produre. to a free People , 
 and this Kins'doin has the diilin.Muilh," [ Hon'i'ir of having reducfd ti t'> a 
 proper, a rcLUihir, «nd an uniJiiini Svlt'in. It :s that Principle whicli !i.\, 
 enabled the Government of thefc Kin '.doir.s to flovv rnio.-tSly o"., witii 
 nn encie:;fiii,'; 1 :de, for ii Iciu; Series ol Years , whirh has i ailed her t'» 
 a hif^h Seat aiu(>ng the Nations, am', I l.ope, ii will continue to fuppoii 
 her tirio »nd (Icady, like the vci-,,r..blc Oak, air.idll the Storms and 
 'rfmp.crts whicii do or may convullc I'urrounding Nation'. 
 
 I am happv, Sir, to fee that an InlVitution which has contrd>uted Ij 
 irmch to the Profperity of this Kingdooi is, bv the Bill now under Con 
 fideration, to l)e extended to the Province of Qi_iebec. The People of 
 that Country have lonp; defired it, and often prayed tor it; and I hope ir 
 will enable them to promote and extend their Tr.uie, fo as to affdl more. 
 beneficially in fupporting the Honour, and incrcaling the Riches of the 
 ivrnpire. 
 
 But, Sir, to enfure to the Inhabitants of that Province the Advantages 
 which they ought to derive from that pjorious Inltitt;t:on, ir is neceflary 
 that the Reprefentative Branch of the Legiflature fhould be compofed 
 of a NuiTiberof Members, fulFicient to command the Refpcd and en- 
 fure the Confidence o( the i'cople. 
 
 Sir, I beg this Honourable I l(uile will conftantly have in View, in 
 dilcuiring this Iftll, that the Conlluutiiui which thev are now to ellablilh 
 for the Province of Q^ielx'c is not ioi the pretcnt Inhabitants onlv, who 
 may amount to 170 or 180,000 I'eilonsi but that it is iiuen.led as a 
 permanent Government for that Country; where, 1 have not the fmallelV 
 Doubt, from the aftoiulliint; Rapuhtv with which Population ii. creates, 
 t.hat in :o or ■25 Years hence theie vmII be at ball joo,coj Perlons; and 
 tliev Will continue to increafe m that pio.'refTive Manner tor a loim i'eriod 
 of Years, as there are iminenle Tracls ol fertile Land in that Country, 
 yet ungrantcd, to fettle. 
 
 I do not wi;}; to propofe to this Honourable Houfe that liich Wnd. :\:- 
 tentioii fhoidd be paid to the Proportion of Voters and Ueprclcntatives 
 as has been followed in lomeof the American Colonic-.. I do not think it is 
 iiecelfary; as I conceive that Plan h.is more the Ajipearancc of bcjuity 
 and Prupii^'ty tlian it really polieiTc; f)r the IV-pufies, when elecleit, 
 ou^iit to confiJti' ihcinfclves as rcj-refenting tivc whole Comr.uinity. 
 
 But 
 
V. it ! luvo ihs IT.^ni(:r..!i''" Iloiilr \v;',l nntcc, tl'.ir in TiMiif^ fl\c N'uni- 
 i IT n( H:'!"--;'.-:!!:!'!'.''', Ixi^c Ui'i.^.iiii ciiit'u f hf lur.!, not tnilv t ) tlir 
 |.- •. lit ro,;tilat;on i t tii.- Ci.>'.j:iti;,, b'.it iikcwilr to its iirOj-^rcllivc In- 
 
 I lie W: !:.(-• Hiii, .v- it l":i'' I'f'" I'llK*.! "i' "' ''"■ Cuniinittcf, tl;,it tlir 
 1'onoi.i III tS- l)iii..ti"M iit'ri'.c* AliVniblv h (ixihI .it SwciiYiM.s. — i lowtvir 
 ■,t iii.iv l)c- ill. Mil-lit iiri'.Mr.iiv III 't till' l'.it'li.iniciu of (iriMt IJrit.iiii nionKl 
 i.diitliHii' S. vui Vi.ir.v, ioT i:k I'm-} oW ct jiivir,;; UniioiiiKty .iiui S:,iliiiiiv 
 lu liu t"'j)i'i.i:i'iiis el liovuii lU'iir, the I'-imc Ut.iibn cannot l)c ajpiicil tii 
 i;:i- I'lm.iui- ul C^;;.lici-i u: i! iiiv tr:itlitiicnt5 Ii.isc tin' re lore, l.y tlicir 
 I'ctiu.iiis, luivvil iii.it thiir AlI'i-ililiU Ili'HiI.l m.! he tinted to IIiac for 
 1. .'ii.- than riiiiT Yfars: I in y Lonn •■.■h\\ tiia; I'lriml nmiiIiI l)c fiiil lon^ 
 i;ioii.,',li, ar.ii liiat it wouM ri-i;i-vc tluni fiiim all tlic Pitpiitcs aii-.l Cuii- 
 :t ;ls al)',)Ui Midiuns. I lliall t!i> iclti, .• Ih-jk- that tlis HDiioiirablc I luiilV 
 .ill ch.iii^i.' thf i'.iioc! (if li;;- I)i::ru!H oT t'lt: Alli'iiibiy tru;i) >;L'vi.'ti 
 I ' I iirte Yc.lr^, .13 ii:y Conltituciits liavi- rc(iiiclU-J. 
 
 , 1 I I I ... 1 . II ... . t'. ..11 .....:„.. r.,_ - II,. ..I'. ..r ^ , 
 
 111 
 
 tlioiij^lit ;t liiciiinbirit on tluiii to point nut tiic M.iniKr v,uul», trom 
 tiuM' loc.il Knouli'iiijc lit the Cviiiiitiv, appcarcil to tiicm iiiuil pioi^cr for 
 L.jii.li:iitii;:> tii.it Ikai.i !i ul ;l.c Lf^^iilatiirc. 
 
 I:; tiiat I'l.in, Sir, ilicy ii ivc il.itcd u :ir. ilicir 0| ii.ioii, tl'..it ihf \um- 
 b'.i oi Uc|)r(.reiitaiivi-.s oujv'it no; to be Irwrr liian 6o Mi-inli'-rs. Sir, I 
 r,.!i;t acam rrijiieli: this I ioiioiralil;- Monk- iiit id IiI<- S .;iit ot the 
 aiKi^iiij.; l'r();;n.ls ui I'ojHii.itiui in that ("oiintrv ; .uiJ wiicn tnat is ton- 
 I .liu- :, I ;;..i i.i:ni!i!nit !;;,it !.; i.r 70 Mtinbcrs wnj not l)c ri-La:iled, 
 i.vi.5 .a j-ri lir.t, .".^ [■.);) LTiMt a Number lor tli.it lirancii of the LeL'.illa- 
 
 ^■■r, ir :•. [Topoffd hy t!,- i.;tli Cl.uiil- of tin.- Hill, t.) five 
 lo t'.^- t,i'>v. r.or ti.c- I'ov.cr <> to tijvuii.- the I'roviiue into L'jun- 
 '• tic-, D.itrut:., or Liicii",, and iowni ami 'lyNvnlhipb, and to ap- 
 
 " join' 
 
 S 
 
 m 
 
 
[ <: ] 
 
 In- 
 
 if N'um- 
 
 . .Sir, I 
 
 lit (il (lie 
 
 at IS tou- 
 
 ri'i .:;ilfil, 
 
 l./v,ill.»- 
 
 i to the 
 
 i'^, lonif 
 
 lie 1. !•;;;!- 
 
 (,.| (..()- 
 
 r,;', N It lire 
 
 Sickiiils. 
 
 ikcly ti'..i: 
 
 r, at Onf 
 
 ot M':m 
 
 H'tc-J, is 
 
 ulil;;: that 
 
 .iikI Nf- 
 
 St.ibility 
 
 '%',\ 
 
 " pninf the Limits tlicrcnf, anJ to declare and appoint the Niimher 
 " of Ufprdrnr.itivos ro Lf cliolVn !iy each of luili I);llriits, ^:c." I c)o 
 nor mean to dniibr the I'rmienre or jyjod Intrruions of thf I't-rlbn \v!io 
 may he (Jovernor of ihc Provinie a: the Time when that monientoiii 
 Arraiigenicnt is to he made , but it is certalidy placing him .n a very 
 il in<:;croiis Sitnarion, and is fulijecling tlie Province to the arbitrary 
 Wdl of One I'erl'oii, on an Objert of th- iitimill Importance to then 
 Security ami Tranqnillitv. Bv t!ii. Clanfethe (iovernor ni.iv order that 
 One DiiUift or Townlhip fliall fieft the \'.vvt Number of Reprefen- 
 t,itivi<. .IS another I^illrift or Townlliip containinf:f I'm Times the Num- 
 ber of Inhabitants: lie mav tlirow the wliohi \Ve:i;ht of Ueprefen- 
 tation inio One I'art of the i'roviiuc, to the ^leac Detiimint and I'rc- 
 judite oj the other, and may render a free Kepi.-tlntation, whitli we 
 conlider a molt invaluable Acquifitio;!, injurious to the IntirtlU of the 
 Country. I iikewile oblerve by the lame Ciaule, tliat the Governor u 
 to be vilted sMth the Tower of nomi'Mtin^ and appointing, trom T.me 
 to I line, the Returning Othcer. Sir, tl)is is [dacinij; tlie wliolc Power 
 in the Handb of the liovcrnur ; he is to tlivitie the Province as he 
 plealcs, lie is to order the Proportion of Reprilcntutives as he plealei, 
 and lie is to have the Power of naming whom he pleafes to ad as Re- 
 turning Otlkcr. Sir, the Freedom and Independence of ihe Leizilla- 
 ture is an Ol>ieCt of the utmoll Inij/ortanre to every Country ; and it 
 has been one great C.iule of Complaint agair.ll t!;e Q^iebcc AJ, tiiar 
 the Legillature was too much dependant on the bovtinor. But, S;r, 1 
 know that this Honourable Houlc will not place fo much I'ower in 
 the I lands of anv Man, particulirly where there i-, t.o Rerpunfibility. 
 ] know thi-, llonourablc Houle will make Uich Proviliun as will lave ihc 
 I'ruvin^e from the dangerous Contetiucnce of Inch unlimited I'ower. Sir, 
 the J'Jillnbutioii of the Rcj relentation is an Object (jt ti;e (^reateli Impor- 
 tance to the Province, and ought to be lettled, in a ceitain lJe;;ree, by tliis 
 Honourable I loule. I hope 1 may be cxculcd (or prcluiniiig to ii.v , 
 that there has beer, a radical i)eie(ft in tlie Reprelent.uion of all uui 
 American Colonies. i<'rom the Natuie of the Srldcments, there aie 
 tew Pown^ in theie Colonic^j and as tliele Towns have had only tlicir 
 Proportion o( Reprefentativcs, the Landed Interell has always been too 
 prevalent, and lias at limes greatly opprelled the Commeuc, and im- 
 peded the Ojierations of Governmenr. In this Kingdom, S:i, of 55S 
 Members, of winch this Honourable lloule is compilnl, tliere are only 
 12: Knights, 01 Reprcfentativcs <.f the Landed Interell I do nor mean 
 to enter on t!ic Difiiidion of the Propriety of that Divifion, but I l-.opr 
 U will be allowed that the I'owns ouglit to have I'ucli a I'ropoition of 
 Reprel'eniatives, as to preferve the Lquilibriuin between tf.e Iv.o Inte- 
 relU, which is for the general Ueiuiic of both. In tlie Province of 
 (^lebec, Sir, we have in Pad only 1 !iree Cities or lowns ; .ind if tlule 
 are to have only the Proportion of Reprel'eniatives which tiieir Num- 
 bers bear to the gci'f-ral Population ol the Province, they will have a 
 very Imall Repreletuarion indeeil, not above a Seventh or an lighth 
 Part. 1 his is a Confideration v.oithy ol the Attention of this 1 ionouiable 
 Houle, and I hope they will deienninc on and kttlc the Propomon of 
 
 E Repieleiuaiivcs 
 
 ,s!■^m■ 
 
[ 'fi ] 
 
 If 
 
 Uq-rclcRtativcs for tlir Tinvi-.s. Sir. if it is inlciulni l>v tl.c IMl, m 
 l'i()r"!i'n; ii Imnll Niimbn- ot Ripn-Unt.itives for tlie I loiilf o: Allaii- 
 Mv to thi'ov.- .1 i'n-:<r Dofirce of \Vfi|;l'.! .iiul Iiillneiuc into the I l.iiuls of 
 ll'.vrrnir.i'ir, lii'c I'lopokT will ctTLiinly In- ikccival by ii Ipccious 
 .\',M.\ l-ccu!,i'ivc Klf.i ; for, if tin- Nombfr of D^'inrifs is liniitcil to a 
 'siMlf, \i will oiilv urrafiini tin- I'liv^'tions to !"• more violrntiv coii- 
 
 l.n 
 
 r, ;;tM ; ..lul I am liirt, that t!-,o GovernmiTit of tl;i- I'rovmtc will have 
 .1 nau ii lu-tti-r C'haan' of retain;:ig ;i proper Vc^rcc of Inlluciue in thit 
 lloulV, when it is compofcil nf a confulerable Number of Keprcfen- 
 t.itivts tlian if it is limiteil au propofeil by the i'.ill. 
 
 I likewife obfi rve. ihar bv tfie :$:h Clanu' of the Hill it is enaftnl, 
 that ir '^).\\\ In- lawdil for IIi*^ M i|elly to anihon/e the (invernnr of the 
 I'rovinre i i tix tl.c Time ;.nd i'Licts ot hoMinj,: the F;rtl, and everv 
 other Sellioii of the I .. i;i(]aturf. This, Sir, will be l')i|..,in{; .i I'ower m 
 the HaniLs of t!ie (i .M-rnor (.ftlH* moll torn-.i.lable Kind. I ie mull, to 
 be Aire, be the properell Jn.lj^e of the Orcalions whii h mav recpiirc the 
 lattrf.-rciu-e <it the I .ei;ili.inrf ; and therefore it is |>rnpcr and nee til. ry 
 thar the limes oiMeeiini; ilmuld, in a rert.nn l)e;'ree, be lift to his 
 Difiertion ; but the l'a;nc NVu hUy eaiuior be ailed.^cd fi^r ^ivin<.; Iiim 
 the I'ower to lis tiie P/iin- of Meeting every I ime the Legill.irtire !■, to 
 be alVeiiioled. This is a Power which, though intenilcd to aniwer t'lie 
 bell, mav be perverted to ii)e very worft of l'iir|'o|fs, in loch ,in cx- 
 tenlise ,i;ul tir.iiiv inhabited Country. Tl e public I'siirnees of tl;e 
 Province iii.iv be j;reatly iiure.ifed by this ambiil.itinjT 1 e^illattire j and 
 this I'owtrniiv be esereif.d t.i the ifnual Iiiconvi n.encc and Oiftref's 
 of the Memheis of the Cotineil ant'. Allembly. 1 lirv mav be c.illed 
 froin ore I'nd of the Province to the other, and ordered to meet in 
 Places luir!!! 1 to their leel.Mi-s, I'.iurioiis to their llcdth. and where ir 
 may be im|M)nii)le for them to commtinirate wit!i their C'oiiilittients, or 
 to iTociire the neci ll'irv Infurmaiion on fiieh Ohjri'ts as n.ay be |'iii>- 
 initttd to tlieir Deliberation. I hope, therefore, this I lonourablc Moiife 
 will llrike our thar I'art of the C'laiile, by which the (.iov; rnor is to 
 be empowered to rh.ini;c the I'.ace of .Meerini;, which oof^rht ( ertainly 
 tube It the Sear of tioNeniment. If any Ixteption is neeelfiry, the 
 I.egirtaturc, \wih the C ont iirrence ot tiie (tnveriu;i, m.iv lettli' ir. 
 
 Sir, it may periiaps be expeflcd, from the 141!) Claiife of otir Peti- 
 tions, that in conlequence ot our beinj;; allowed He[ refentatives in the 
 Le^ill.iture, il;e Provmie fhail immetiiatelv raile tiie nccelVii y I'liniis 
 for defraying the I-..xpences of tlie Civil dovcrnuient. 
 
 1 aeknowlcdtre that it is tl » Inrentii>n of mv Coe.llituonrs that tiie 
 Province lliouid bipport ti ele Kxpence.. I v. dl f.iv f.irther, it is a 
 Shaire that the Province Iiiis not paid tl.-l'e b.xpencts many Years \ :\l\. 
 But there are Si[iiu:on-<, wlun tlie Impoliibilirv ot doin<j wli.u is ri;j;ht 
 and proper obli/.es an Intiiv ;;li:,d, or :i Public, to (lifle that keen Snilc 
 of Shan. e, and to exp'ofe thei; li .iljility to p.eriorm thole l)ut;:',, wliiih 
 of Rijiiit r.upltt to be expe-ted liom tlie.ii. 
 
 Sir, tiia: Pro'.inre Ii,;'.- b'eii Uj long cpj rel]l\! bv an r.rbiirary Svllein 
 
 of 
 
 V.'>1 
 
 
[ •-) 1 
 
 ot liovcrnaunt, ami iiic 'ryr.iiiny of iin. 'iMiii ami iii.ki.nv/n l.,uvii iIk 
 Country has lit-.'ii lii nimii iifc^ltdi-il, an I (.vt-ry t)l'ii--t ot" Indnllry ami 
 IniprovcnuTU apparently (iilViumtciianicI, that it is now rciluceil to 
 Inch a Srati- of I ,an!',M'': .^^'-1 DcprilTinn, .'•, tn Lit iinabli- to proviilo lor 
 ilic 1' x|)i'iKc'-. of Its Civil (lovfrnmciu. Tlifrf liaNt- In-fii Mi-ii ot'a 
 tiiiirukrabk' I)i';rrf i<( JMitfrpti/.f a:ul M' rc.intilt' Aluii'.us in t!iat I'lo- 
 vliu:(', who, in tollowiiu/ ti.i; Impulli- of tlu-ir Minils, havi' am-inptid lo 
 ontuiir.ij'C Iniitillry an 1 prtmiotc Imi'mM-incnts. But ti-.r t'ccliU- an-l 
 fuiiili" I llbrts (if .1 ft w riUtrpri/iiig Inilivi,liials I'iHilii not Loiiiutrait tlu- 
 vri'tili'.i! !' in-fts of, or ton. bat with ,i;.v I'rolpc t of .'ncciN, Vn.i''- 
 wliirli V. irr Jeep loouJ ;ii tl.c t'oiiirmuiDa of tlio Country. 'I'iie Con 
 ,1- lias too '.'.iR-nllv bc'i-ii, tint their Ixpt-ct itions wirc ('Mip 
 
 'm 
 
 s invchc 
 
 All; 
 
 !lf 
 
 puiiitfil, tlu'ir l-'ortunfs dinipanil, and tliiir I'riiii. 
 Mcr- JMiUs o( London tradint; to tiiat Cmintrv, in wlnt .Siiu a. m 'liii 
 'I'ravli' has Incn fm tin- lall 'lAselvf or lii.rtecn Ytai^. l iiiy v,;i; ull 
 thi:. Hoiioiii.ddf lld'.ifr, that it has liciii <'stremtlv luMvy and luiu'nis. 
 that Icvi ra! ot their ll.idy i-.avi' bci-ii totally ruinid l'\ tlu- l.m\\> s.'.i.li 
 lliiy have mrt with in that Country, iiul all of tinoi have !i'H'— .•'.! 
 I oidklerablv i.i tl,(ir j-orninei} that the Ii ule is (iill heivv; a.i.i tlinuii.!), 
 troni tin- Atiun.i.if.ie oi the lall Crop, tl.ty h.ive Kcatoii t) expccr >.;.r,- 
 lideralile K'-niriis tins enfuin'.' S!-al')H, yet the Count rv will not bi; ^Slc 
 to ai (.put t;,e heavy jJilir whuh h s lo luii:; huiv.: rp in ir. 
 
 S'r, we may be reproailu-d, perhaps, fur oiir I'ov^ rtv , nay, we :r.ay 
 have licrn alreadv rcj roaehed bv lome un!;enenuis Miii'.is, \\it!i our v\- 
 liappy Situation ; but it is a Mibtortune to be poor, not a Cri.iie. Is ;t 
 nor a ivuural, if nut .m intallilde !• ll'ei't of arbirraiy (jovernineiit ? liavc 
 11')' i'uvcrtv and W'ntihrdf.i Is e\er been the Attemlants of art)icrary 
 Power' lialv, Suih, (iieiie, Alia Minor, and the Coall of Barbary, 
 were r c h, pofiiloif., aid powerful Countries, while thev er|0\id trie 
 
 h, p"pii|()if., 
 • lovei iiiients. It is 
 Situation. 
 
 iii'i lutedaiv for I lie to remark on t! 
 
 j/Ti lent 
 
 Sir, to let ire all t!'-- Spceies of OpprefTion v.huh that Co'i 
 , V, 'uii! eiu I .) u li too iinu h on tlu' Indulgence ol ihs I b' 
 
 fry lias 
 iiii'( led, V, 'uii! eiu I .)a( li too nnu h on tlu' Indulgence ol ih'S I luMouratil-- 
 lloulr. We hive b'tn told, t lat i 'norance anci Povertv wi le tne bell 
 Sc.-iii ;ni-- tor 11. e ( iliedienre i<t the .Sub;e(fl j and iliat tli'ile w'lo did 
 r.ot approve «>f thele I'oiitiial rrineipf s, iniirht leave the Country. 
 \\ r I'uive, however, t!>e ILippinels, .Sir, this b.venin';, of lee, '^ our 
 Ali.iirs UiiKi'iitrd to t!u* hnpertion and 1 )d'iii(Tion nf this I loiiour able 
 1 Iii'ile. I'lur, Sir, we h ive )■■ :d a 10:111 ami painful St: ur;^le toariive 
 .It t.'.is dellrable KVue. \\e haw h.id ;o tmuunrer luimberlel's Diir.c.il- 
 tie«, whii h the Pilde and, Infuiencc of .1 St o; Men, whofc Minds v.erc 
 ( on iijted bv the I'sereile of li Ipotii" I'mwr, have thrown in i;ur Way, 
 in iveiy Step we have 111a. !e ; anil it is o:d\- by f^'reat l'» rli vernti'.'e that 
 we h.ive lieen idde lo overconu- tliefe DitTieulue-^. l?ur, dun: l; in:, 
 Ion;; Coiit' il, the ' "ouir.iy l;a^ bren exli Killed ; ;uui we 1; ipe tai.. I lo 
 nour.ible I loul'e will eM;cife t!iat 'ren.ieri'.efs and (ie.ierolity tow.irds >i-, 
 wh:eh our uiifortun.ite Siiuatioa requirev. Sui.ii, Sir, has been i.'ic un- 
 |ia' |n' leiideiicv of the (i.ivenMuiu ot il-..;t rrovin^>-, tiiat nut ui:\\' th;: 
 
 IVj.ic 
 
[ 20 ] 
 
 V-.ij.U li.uc been opprrlT>'t, ,iii;l tlu- RtTdiirrc*. of die Country np[;lc(f>i'(!, 
 Silt aliniill evcrv riililir !5uililiiir» in tlic l''c>vinfc \\.\* lucn fwliernl tu 
 ull to PeiMv iril ptiilli, riicrt- i, not .1 Cmirt I Ionic in tlic Province, 
 nor ,1 lutlii ifnt I'ril'on, ii'>r .1 1 loiil'f of OMu'rtion : Tliert- is not a piiblu, 
 S'lidol Hoiitf. 1:: llii'rr, th-.' I'oitntrv is rf.!u>'t\l :»l)r(<lMri-lv ro a Starr of 
 \.;ture. I lu'fp an- t1l>ii'i"f' wliu h w.ll rc^nirf tin- iiiiiitPili.in- Aitfntiou 
 of the r.rw I t;jin,iturf. MUv'^ .1 I lo'iic miilV l)i- prcpircvl fur tlu* 
 Krrt-['t;ofi of rlif t,c['ill.ituif. Thr trJM'llin(» I'xprncrs of m.my of thr 
 Mi'iuhr-s niiiil prolniblv he paiii, ami prrhap* a IViilv I'ay iliinnj: tin; 
 liMifot Sittiii!;. 'l",ixes or Diitus mnH be liivl 011 tlttr IVopli.-, to build 
 the ncctiraiv Kilifiies, ami to proviJe for tluU- and othi-r I'iirp(jrri ; 
 which, aJile'il to what mav Iw nciflfirv to he tmploved m Hountus and 
 I'rerniiiiTi'.. to eii:',.it:r the l'arii\iT'i to change their prdenr iiiiferablc 
 Svll'-iit of Kariiiinj,',*and to rncoiira'tf tlie pirpaiini; of our Produce in 
 .1 betfcr Mani-.ir to fiiit the ilirtVicni Mitkc;'>, will be a;, muth as tiie 
 ]'rovi.'uc tan poifiblv raile for luiiic Ycai'.. 
 
 It 10,1V pcihips be f.nd thit UriMin h.i; brrn burfhened already too 
 • m^ with the l'.x|)(nfts of our Livil (loveiiiiiient — S;r, I a(;ri-e that it 
 has, bii-n too lun^ the Cafe; but it has not licfn our Kiiilt. It nii:;ht 
 have brri'. oihtfrwife many Years a^^o, i( our Petitions had been atrrnded 
 to. We have made every Fxertion 111 our Power to procure a C'onflini- 
 tion, which, in its t)perat;uii, would have relieved ( ireat Britain ot'that 
 Annual l-xpcnte . but (loiii urtain Politua! Ke.ifoiis, a!)lolutelv inknowu 
 to us, we have not thus far luccici'ed ir, our 1 i.deavours lor (hat i'ur- 
 I oie. If mull appear tu this Honourable I luulc that it is no more tlian 
 ta;r, now we are to be allowed to participate in the Dire^lion of our 
 own Afl.in'-, th It thev ou^lit to l<e ilelivered over to us 111 a proper >tate. 
 J therefuie hope this Hoiioui.dilr 1 loule w ill either order the oirillary 
 Provdion tor the Purpoles 1 have mcmmntd, or relealV the Proviruc of 
 the Exprnces of the Civil laft lor a certain Number of Years : lor though 
 Britain, '^;r, his expr ndi d ' ir manv Yeais larj'.c Sums in that Province 
 lur the Maintenance of the Civil (iovcrnment, as tlie People, du/iiii; all 
 that 'lime, wt re tieprivrd ot the Power ot rxrrtinc tlieir united |- ifoits to 
 rnco ir.iL;e liniullrv, and to dirccl it to fiiole ObirCts which would br 
 moll |;rotital)le to the C'ommnnity, and <if couric to the Kmpire at 
 large, tie Munev has l)cen expentlei! in vaiii, and the Province at the 
 lame 1 iir.e ha^ been almoll totally ruined. 
 
 It is a Kul-, I bcl.eve, univerfally f(diuwed in common Life, when 
 the Alttrnuive of 1 wo OilFiculties is i;iven, alw.ivs to clioole mat 
 vhieli is likely to [)rodui.e the leall I-'.v il ; ami, I prcUime, the fame 
 Hide mav be :idopted with Advantat.',e in Poliiics. We trull, theiclore, 
 thai in arrat .,'in{^ the new ( onlUtuiion, tins Honourable Houle will 
 lave us from the Troubles and Difficulties which mufl rcfult from the 
 Phn proiiofed in the Bill; for, under a new Conditution, it will evi- 
 dently require lome Time, r.ot only to mike the l'eoi)le fully ac(juainted 
 wirh the '^reat Advanta|M-s of a free Conllitution, but alio to make them 
 fully coni[)rehend all the Duties which a free Government requires of 
 (he hubjcfts ; and this Honourable Houfe inull perceive the great 
 
 Danger 
 
•n fuH'crcil tii 
 till" Province, 
 
 ^ lint a piiblii: 
 I to a Starr of 
 i.ifi- Aitfntiou 
 [).ircil fur tlitr 
 r many of thr 
 y vliMing tiiir 
 iiplf, I") l)lli|;l 
 Iff I'm potVi i 
 Hi>ontii'S and 
 enr niircr.itilo 
 ir I'rodiici.' m 
 ii)Ui.h .IS tiic 
 
 A alrcidv too 
 
 aprrf ili.it it 
 It. It 111! 'ht 
 been .itreiulcd 
 re ,1 Connini. 
 Ikit.i:n ot tli.it 
 itrly iinkiiinni 
 
 tur ili.it I'ur • 
 no inure tli.iii 
 i-(fli<)ii of our 
 
 proper >tate, 
 
 ihe im I liaty 
 • I'tovinu' of 
 
 : I'lr thovi(^h 
 rlut I'rovuue 
 le, I'lirii!; .ill 
 
 ifd \ ifrxts to 
 ich woidd be 
 
 e I'liipirc at 
 avinie at tlie 
 
 l.i(e, when 
 tliui'le tii.it 
 me, tiie l.iiiic 
 ull, tiieiclure, 
 llotifc will 
 lult fii):n the 
 1, It will evi- 
 ly acijuaintrd 
 I.) m.ikc them 
 It rripiireh o| 
 vc the preat 
 Danger 
 
 r 21 ] 
 
 Panf';er of dividing the I'rovincv-, .mil I'i' Jifuninnjj tl>c Tcoj)!* at inch 
 a critical Period. 
 
 Sir, 1 bivi* runfidripd I'f ?;i!r;^/' i tlioul'.i'' ' Tmvs finr,- I fiifl- 
 heird of this intci.ded l)u lion, but I iVi' not btm .,M • lo form ;inv 
 rcifonible Idea (jfthe Motive »ihi'-h ha, !:)<Jwt<fd «he Pi, ;■ .'liiim o( I'.cU 
 a danperou-. Isperi.-ticnt. If 1 ff /old admit, w,-ja; f d) not helh vi- n 
 the C-I'e, that the I.')Vali(l«i fettled tf • ■• l'i)j)er Parts ol (he ProviiKi* 
 hiive iren-rally reipn-lU'd this .Sepirath- f know that the Wild .■ pf 
 this lloiile, be'ore coinplyini; \vith thr \s.W Keq'iclK of a People, will 
 ronlider it as nei elfary to eiujnire into the Real'ui.s whiih mav have en 
 ;;:if{ed them to prefer I'lirh Petint'iis \ fjr a I'eople ni.iv tu- i!( rivid in 
 Political Plaiii ()v the fpecioiis Pretenrc, of ilcHi^ninj; Individual-.. It. 
 iLiiHes of t!iis .lie, prrhaps, witliin ill- Keco!lei.'tion ot evcrv Membei 
 of this \ loiioiirahle I loiile.— Winn the 1 oyalift^ bei-.in tlicir Sfttlen.'nts, 
 in the Yc.ir 17H5, the L.Tiids wre then entirely covered with Woods, 
 thev liid thrrefore to clear the Lands, and to build themfdvcs Huufes, 
 and, on tint Account, (iovcrnmenr {Tneroiilly aflilled them, by (urndli. 
 ing thein I'rovilions, and many other Anicles necedary for a new St : 
 tlcinent: .And though I will .illow th.it iliey have, for the rune, made 
 grc.it Pro^rels, yet I may lafely allure t!iH Honour.ible llomc tha , \w. 
 lore lad Year, their Farms had not luiiiilhcd them with more tlian a 
 bare Subfillenre i and if it had not been for the Compenlation which 
 tlic>-, witli nunv others, received from the Generohtv ot this N.irion, 
 nianv of then! mull h.ive been at this Period in great Pillrrl-. I'.n it 
 be loppoled then that a People, dilperied as they .ire, .iiul whole Mino'* 
 have thus tar been entirely occupied in procuring; the Means u! S'lbliil- 
 ence, have had 'I'lmc to conlider of their Political Situ.ition \ or th.it 
 thev have been able to prui ure lufHcicnt Information on the d ;il'e- 
 c)Ueiueso( lu( h a .Separation, .is svouhl lullily I'ucli a Requtit u tiie 
 liriiilh I.epiil.iturc ? 
 
 Will .my Pirfcn .-.iVurc- tliLs flrnourablo Houfe tli.it tlie I.ovali'.l, fcit!. 1 
 in the Diflrii't of I .uiienburgh, whu h joins the Dillri't of .Montteil, liave 
 advilcd and lonlulted with tliofc who .irc fettled at N'iajari or I)er;<);t 
 on the I'ropriety of this Mc.il'ure? I .Wi conlidcnt, .sir, that no Pcrlon 
 will alFcrt any luch 'I'liing ; for 1 believe I may truly lay, that few of t!ie 
 People of tliele diHerent Settleiiients have even ^*:i:\\ one .iiio:l;er fince 
 they began their .Settlements, e.\ccpt peili.ips ia palTni;-; to Munircal. 
 
 \\ hat Kind of a (iovcrnment mull that of tiie Upper Par? of tlie 
 Coiintrv form f It wiil be the ver. .M'ukcfv 01 .1 I'roMiue, 1 hree or 
 1-oui tlioul.iiid Pamilics Icatt. red ovci aCountiy uf lomc huiklieJ .Mile* 
 in l.cnf.;th, not havnii^ a fiiisjlc I'own, and tcarcely a \'iila;;e, in the 
 whole l.xteiu : It is only inaiiing Wtauncls mure feeble, an.i divuiuijj 
 the Strength of the Province tu r.o I'lirpulc. Sir, a Me.ilurc oi'iliis 
 Importar.ce ought not u: be adopted en tlie .SUf;ii;elliun ot One, or .1 (e* 
 liulividu lU. ihe 1 1.ippinrl^, l ranquillity, aiul Sccuritv of every Part 
 ot the Provinre ib involved in its Coiileijuences ; and I cannot doubt 
 th.ii the Hritilli I .epi'i ifnre v;;l attend to the lii'>.:ells of the Pofde of 
 every Pait u! the Prov:n>.e. Urn, will it be laid iliat the Peoide, inha- 
 
 !•' biiini;'; 
 
i 
 
 bitiiiK the I'rovincf of Qiu-bec h.u'c been conliiltfii on tins gr.iii't 
 (>'uliion ? Will iinv One all'ua- this Honourable 1 louli- that this propolr^l 
 Dn'ifion h,is been ap|)rovcil of by the lubii' ii.uits of tint Province ? or 
 iliac they have by their IVtitions rct]uciU-il it ? If any fuch IVtitions 
 fn.iU be laivl before this 1 loiiourable Houfe, I h"i)c the Honourable 
 Meiiibers will coiiiiiler, not only the apparent Motive anil Tenileiicy of 
 the Uiipiell, biir likcwiie t!i--" Kefpoi iibilitv , the Infiuence, and Num- 
 bers ot the I'etitioners, Sir, if I rec.-lied right, it was iaiil, at palling 
 the (^icbee Art in r;;4, that the French Teople IkuI jietitioncil for the 
 IntrotTuCtion of tlie French Laws anil Sy!teiii of (jovernment into thai 
 I'rovince. I'he Name of the Frem h Iniiabitaius hail, of courfe, L;rea; 
 liitluiiue on the Deliiurations of Parliament i as, at that Time, they 
 furiiud piihips Nineteen 'luentieths o! the Population of the Province. 
 I5ut, Sir, if thefe Petitions haJ been Uibmitted to Parliament, it would 
 have appeared, lb far from comprehending the whole Frriiih Pei)ple, that 
 they were iigiied by a very fir.all Number of them, only about loo. And 
 that, even among thefe, tlurewere many inlignifitant Name.',. 
 
 The Rill before this Honourable Houfe this F.venuig, and the Pe- 
 titions now on tin' Table, are the bell Proofs I i an oti'er that the I'eti- 
 tions on wliich it was ihou,;!it cxpeduiu to pals the (^irbec .\d did 
 not afford luch full Information on the Subject as to jultity the Prin- 
 ciples of that Ait. The Conlulion which has cnfucd in Confeipieiue of 
 tliat Aifl is gre.'^r^r than it is poinble for me to exprefs to this Honour- 
 able Honle. \i IS evident that a Sylbiii <if Law was adojited eritirelv on 
 a fuppoled Idea; for lo late as the Month uf June ! .!l, in the High 
 Court in this Kingdom, to which our lall Appeal at prcf<nt lies, in u 
 Caule appealed fn ill the Province, m wiiich an Honourable Meiiibrr of 
 this Houfe is interelled, the Court ordered the Lawyers cf t!ie I'utties, 
 wno were of t!;e iiiiihelt Rank in tlieir I'tutell'ion in this Coontrv, to 
 agree on and draw up a S;i:e ol the C.\W, .uivl to fend it to Piri^ lur 
 tiic Opinion of I'reneh Lawvers, to aLcrtain tl.e Laws in I'l'rie, and 
 wliich compouo the Syllcin of Canada previous to the Conq^iell. If tlie 
 Syflem enacled by the Qiicbec Act had been propeily underftood, 1 
 lanniit luppoie the Court would have fmind it necillaiy tj older luch a 
 lielerentc; fu that after Sixteen Years Ixj-i rience i.nd li.vel'.igarion In the 
 Cotiria and L..v.\ ers we are now v.-ariny |or tlie l.)pin;ons <-)f Paiiliaii 
 1 .awyers to ki.ov.- w!iat was intended by t!ie Q;_icbcc ACl : Hut I'ucli 
 mull: ever be the Confequenccs of I'ulitKal Plans and Schemes, wlun 
 adopted without proper Iniurination and full Invelligation, paituularly 
 if they aie intem'cd to operate on Countries liiuat ■ Ui far diiiant that 
 tiic prob.ibie IriVcls and Cuiiftipieiucs can tcareciy be luliuicntly 
 !'now:i 10 tlie Members of li.e Britilh Legillatute ; it therefore ie(piiret; 
 great Care and Circumfpt dicn in fiaiii.ng my Act whidi is to operate 
 on the F.xtremities of the I'liiinre, every Kind of Intoimation ought to 
 be courted from all (^^larlers and from all Parties ; Ob)eaioiis ou'^ht to 
 be recciveil and l.eard coolly ami dir|'..llion.(tely i lor ihou;.'h much of 
 rhe Information, and many of liie t);i|ectioiis, may not be pertinent to 
 :!;e Subje :, it i'^ rr.tonable to exind that fuch ConduiJt would procure 
 Light on many Points wu.i repaid tu tiie Ijituativn of the Country, the 
 
 De fires 
 
 %■ 
 
 >Ji 
 
[ ^3 ] 
 
 this pr.ui'l 
 lis propotr.l 
 ovincc ? or 
 h I'i'titions 
 I loiiour.ible 
 "fmiciicy of 
 
 ami Nuiu- 
 I, at palling 
 )neil for the 
 :iu into tliai 
 Diiili-, L;riM; 
 'liiuc, ihcy 
 ic I'rovini-c. 
 
 It, it WDllivl 
 
 IVoplc, liut 
 loo. Aiiil 
 s. 
 
 uul the I'c- 
 lat the I'fti- 
 rlu-c :\d did 
 (y the rriii 
 nli'qitfn.c oi 
 h'> I loiioiir- 
 i if.tinlv oil 
 in the llit^li 
 nt 111'?, in a 
 
 • MlMl.U'T o( 
 
 tlif l'..tric!., 
 (."(I'liitrv, til 
 lo I'lrii lor 
 1 l\.r>T, and 
 il. If the 
 iilcrdoDii, 1 
 I'licr Inch .1 
 ation In the 
 ut Faiiliaii 
 : Hut Inch 
 cinrs, wiu'ii 
 p,uti:i)l.irly 
 ihilant that 
 luliit'icntly 
 tore idiiiireB 
 s (() Dperatr 
 ion ii'ij'Jic to 
 ms oinht tt» 
 iij'h iiuii.h of 
 pert ;iif;u to 
 >iilil pioc lire 
 Cou:.try, ihr 
 LKiiri,'! 
 
 -■m 
 
 Defires of the People, their local Cutloms, Manners, and Law. ; and 
 it would afford a more certain Profped cf an.ingin;; a Conllitmion tint 
 would anl'wer the I'urpolcs intended, ol fecuriii!; to the People their 
 Rii^hts and Privileges, of fupportin;^ the lliivnty, and of ;i;ivinf; 
 Sncni!;th and !• ntT;i7 to the Clovernn cnt in the Way moll >u;;eeahle 
 and enlV to the Siilinct-, but more partii ularly if tlic Obiict oi' the Act' 
 is likely to produce niiru;uli:"s, which cannot aftcrw ir-is be rciiiovci 
 but with iinich Trouble, and peih.';.". l">.n;r,er. 
 
 por, thoii"h It is a very ealy M.ittir to ilraw a F.iiie of i);v;iion .icioi* 
 the Map of a Country, it is extreinelv dilh^ult, at 3,000 Mih's nillinc.-, 
 to (orel'ee or al'certaiii the Conlequcncvs whicli liich a Partition may 
 nroiiuce. I'lie Peojile of the whole Country ou|;ht to be conl'ulte'd on 
 .1 Matter of this Importance, as it may be found no ealy Talk to per- 
 biade tlicin of tlic I'ropricty or Ncccflity of the Mcat'nre, pariiciKuly 
 jf they lind their Inicrells or Tr.inquilhiy arc inaierially aliectcd by it, 
 
 II', Sir, the (^leliec Aci was hiirru'il tlirou!.'!! ParhaiiKnt wit!i too 
 inuc'i Rapiditv, and in its Coiilcipiciu n has involved the Iniiabitaius o( 
 that Province in Dilliculties, l' roubles, and Uneahncl-,, it \% tlie more 
 neceffarv now, in fettlinf- the new Conlbtution lor th u Country, to 
 jirococd with Care and Attention, fo as to prevent further Complaints, and 
 to lati^fy the I'cople. 'I'heir Minds have been loiuj hairall'cd witii un- 
 certain Laws, and bad Admiiiillration -, and tluv will now be feelinplv 
 alive to any riung in the new C'onllitution wlucli has tlie Appearance 
 of continuing t!ir:r Trouble. Their Dclirc is, that a Conllitution may 
 now be fct'led by I'ailianient, that will i'pread its genial Inilueiice over 
 the Whole of t!.at exiend.cd Country, and unite the People :n one firm 
 Uon-1 n( Alt ichnient to Clreit liiiuin, by tlie llronjjeil ot all Ties, 
 thole of i',ener.il and inilivi.lu.il intercll. 
 
 Sir, v.Ikm we propot'e.i tiiat the Province flio'iKl, as fnon as her Af- 
 fr.ri are btought into lome K'nd ot 0'\ier, ram* the neceii.irv S.!:i['iies 
 lor de'ravmg t'lc l''xpences ot its Civil (loverninenr, wc conlidered it a 
 ■!)utv we owrd to the I'.mpire 10 relieve (ireat Hri' \in of tliat Ch.ii-.'/- j 
 but it ihe Province is liivided ,is proj>o!ed in tii's Hill, it will moll ef- 
 t'c< lu.illy delhoy rur i Io|)cs aiul :',ood Jiicentions in t'l it Kelpe.l ; for al- 
 thoii;',li 1 have no Poubr tiiat the unite.! Province \\ill, in a ihoit Tinie, 
 be able to raite li'tlicieiit :u relieve iiie.it Britain of t!ie 1 xpences of 
 our Civd Ciovernmcnt, 1 can wiiho:it Helication aiiure thi;. nonourahlc 
 Mo'.ile ilia'. It will lie .ihlolutely impjiilble tor tiiem 10 ;a.l.Muiru leiit 
 to lupp<jrt li'.o tiovcrnmeitts. 
 
 'Ihe F.nyaliils whj i:e I'eri'ed in tlie I'pptr Parts 01' the Prcnince sre 
 a' a gre.u Diltance I'iom foreign NasiiMtion, and imiit therefore be at 
 a L rcit I'xpeiue of lime .ind L.aboiii to trinfport liicli Part ot" their 
 I'loiioee .Ik they can Iparc to a I'latc 01 I'.mb uk.uion ; or ihey ir.ull lelj 
 II at a very low Price to cn.ible the Tureh-.ter to ti uil'port it there, 
 jii)d they mull: at the l.ime Time pa'» a liigh I'ncc lor every torei!.;n 
 Artiile tlicv liavi Oecalion lor. ll'.erefore, thouch they m.iv allill 
 .'he Lower Lcuntrv ;n me Aiticle of rubhc bspcnc -, and add to tlic 
 
 CoiliOjUCIKf 
 
[ H J 
 
 
 1^ 
 
 Coiiuq-iicncc aiul Powor ( f rh^ L'niwd riovinfc, tl>«"v iiuuiot Ix- ex- 
 jK>"lut to raik' ,iiiy J liing i;r. ' IntKcK-iit loi i\)< I'Kj'fniti ut a I'io.iiki- ; 
 .i.-.d I'lritAin nuill contiiiur i) p-v Atviuullv ai uiMth loi taf Supjuirr u! 
 tin- Civil (iovfriimcnt gt tiw 1'|jjht JJiviioii ,i.s lu> bi<'n p.n 1 lor the 
 wliolf rrovmct', l)(-("u!(.s wii a iii,i, Ix- ncceH'.uv to lupnort tnc l.owir 
 I'loiin.c. l his svilJ be « oiuuuiiiijj; tiit Hurtlitii wt' C»R<it Hiitaiii, iind 
 iiu:if.ilir.<; ^iii.s to no J'ur|j(>lc. 
 
 Sir, t'loi'uh it in.iv Iv iir.-fn'uy, for t!i<- Convrnicncf of the Pcopir 
 witii rtt^.uJ to ri.f nillnhiKUiHi oi' Jiiltice, to divide an cxrciilue 
 Coimtry into liiuiil 1; lUids, 1 Jiopc 1 liiall bv cxcukd for fayuig, that 
 I thnik u muil do d»ngfroL;.s ii; thf I'taiuniiliiiv of (lovtriinifnt to di- 
 viJf ii in tlwt M.miu-r lor t:;t l''Ji|'ok;. of Lti;ill*tion. 
 
 If at .inv fiittirf Pci lod I' x; oijfuci lliail point it out n^ rxpfdicnt for 
 thf Adv3r.!.".p;(.- :uul Safity '.! Ciovcrii'iuiu, or fur tlic j^ciural Convc- 
 nii-nry and I'lofi'crirv of tiic l^fopic, to divide that Country, it may t.'icii 
 be doi-.f wita more Judgment <xoin a more ccitain Knowlnl^e of the 
 CooKquentf:. of fuch a Divilioji. 'I'lu- iDiOiivtiiiences that may arir« 
 /rum (oiuimrnij^ the Province uniteii umler i.)iic LeLiiflatiirt aie lew, ami 
 iluy are vm il known and umierilooJ. I he .\dvanta[;es ^n: Lhhui.hiily, 
 rr.ultiih i:iipfi,it, and !>tic„g(b : but no Man can cell tin- ConfecjiiKues, of 
 a Separation. J'hc Pa^iiitr,-. hoj^e^tr to I'e aj);>rehcaded are, Poiitiiji 
 ii iukitcis, Dhu/ih!', Aniiiiolitiis, and .^;litat>t,i. 
 
 Sir, I know it .r.'.ifi he extremely diflnult to arrange and fettle a Con- 
 ftitution lor a IVovince fituatc.! at J.coc Miie^ Alliance, and contjinmy 
 (o manv Ii;habitants, without full and amph' Information of the relative 
 Sirnarion of the Coiuitrv; of the Nature o! the Settlements ; and of ilie 
 Delires, the \\ anti, and the Ojiiuioiis o( the Inhabitants ; (t nt leafl of 
 tiiole of them wiio are the be 1 informed, an.l who have the greatefl In- 
 tiuenee in the Country. I i^now further, tliat a great Degree of Confi- 
 dence ought to be given to tne Keports oi tiie C)riicer& placeil by I lis 
 Mai ily at the Head of the Govenmu-at of the I'roviiuci, ollierwilc 
 c ,dle<l Oihcial Intonnatioii : IJut this Honourable Houle is not 1)ouik1 
 to follow I'ar.'i Reporif. I iie Britdh I.t-gllature is rcfponfible to no 
 I'ower upon l.arth j and from the open and publa Manner in which Af- 
 fairs are canvafud and difcuiied in this H )nm:rable Houi'e, I .uw con- 
 fident til it tlie Honourable Meir.l)ers will not truil imp!i(i/i, to liie 
 Ucjorti. of Olhecrs, even ol i; e liigluil liaiik in tlic Ciovcrn.nent, if 
 they recommend Mealures repu{<nant to the I'raycrs, I'ctitions, and Re- 
 prefnitations of furh a niniieruus Body of the moil refpcdt.ible Peojile in 
 tiie I'ruvmce ,;•, my Cunl'.itwenis. I allow that (jovenaiicnt have a 
 Ri^jl-.t to expect fro;-i I'l-.- piinnjial Olliicis in the I'rovir.ces f^^n aiul 
 true .\ccoun's of every Oijjccl relative to their Govern neiUs : But is 
 it always to be eonfiden i :.s a een lin Faff that ihefe Officers arj the 
 wilell-, mofl prudent, and Ir'I i(if.,rmed Men in the I'rovince ? 
 
 Sir, that rrovinee has be. a near I hirty Years harralfed by im- 
 perlea and improper Syltems of lioverament; and the People have 
 often reprclcntcd tiieir wretched and unhappy Situation. Thele Cir- 
 
 ciimllaai.ei 
 
 iji^,^ 
 
 
/».'. 
 
 [ 25 ] 
 
 rtfir.nt U; cx- 
 
 I 11 I'lOvliKt.' i 
 
 le Supj^ort of 
 p.ii«l lor tlic 
 
 It tlif I.OWlT 
 
 : Hiitaui, ;inj 
 
 i the People 
 an cxrciilivc 
 r laymg, that 
 iiiiicnt to di- 
 
 cxpcdicnt for 
 lur.il Convc- 
 , It may i.'icii 
 ^Iftl^i- of (he 
 uc iiuy urir« 
 ; aic (tw, aiu] 
 r<f IhhiiLhiUy, 
 irc(jii(ncrs of 
 aic, PotilhUi 
 
 fettle a Con- 
 111 contjining 
 f tin- rt-l.ui\c 
 > i ami ol the 
 c r nt Ic.ift of 
 .' yrfatill lu- 
 ce ot Con fl- 
 at eil l)y I lis 
 fs, oll'.erwilc 
 s not biHiiid 
 nfiblc lo no 
 in which Af- 
 , I .iiM con- 
 licilL to I he 
 vcrniRtit, if 
 )iv,, .iiul Kc- 
 jIc I'cople in 
 luiu have a 
 Ci'!> fall aiut 
 riU!> : But is 
 ccrs arc the 
 
 ilU'C ? 
 
 I'rJ by iin- 
 
 I'eoplc have 
 
 Thcic Cir- 
 
 ciiiiiiUiriCcs 
 
 ik^fe* 
 
 ciimdnnces were too public, ami too often the Subjcdt of Coiiveifation 
 and Dch.itf in the Province, to elcipe tiic Ohfervation of the Ufiictrs 
 of (iDvernincnti and ycr, except about the Years 176S nnJ 1770, and 
 perhaps within the lall Three or l-'oui 1 <'ars, 1 n.ull fiippok- liiat the 
 Officers of the Ciovernmenc did not r; port the real State and Situation 
 of chefe 'Jhings; for I have fiu h a h;;<ii Opinion of the juilice, md the 
 Generolity of the liruiili Govc'-nnH r.;, that, if tli-fe Niatteii, had been 
 fairly n-prrftnted, I c.innot doubt but .i;i efTeftual Reinedv wuidd have 
 been applied many Years ago, and a proper S\tleiii ol Goveiiuuenr 
 t'lhdilifhed ior the i'rovmce. 
 
 Sir, notwithllaiulmg the Inhabitants of that Prnvinre have brcn fo 
 Ion;' diilraeted and perplexed, thiy li.-.vc ri tained „. ir Lovaliy ; aiiadli 
 the Noife of War, anil tliel'relllire of Civil Diflnl^, liny have condnc'ed 
 themlclves in theii Applications for Relief with preat lemp.er aiuiMode. 
 ration, and they have waited for the Convenience of Ciovcrnmcnr, ti> 
 enquire into, and lettle tf.eir Affairs, with a Dcfree of raiience tiiut 
 could fearcely be exjiecied tiom the Urnency of ti.cir Situation. Wliat 
 they want is exprelled in their Petitions now on the 'lalde of tids 
 Honourable lioid'e, and is nothinf; i-.;ure than flie Priiuiples of the 
 Fnglilli Confiiriition. The Articles are plain and limple, and e.ifily 
 iinderflood, and what, as far as my Jcdj^ment in Politics will go, may 
 be nianted without injunnt; any Clafs ot I'eople in the Province, or the 
 Intereil ot (ireat Biitain ; as they are nearly limilar to the Cor.flitutiun ot 
 the other Colonies and Provinces of the luiipire. 
 
 They pray. Sir, that the Qiicbec Aft may be repealed ;;,• iae, as being 
 too imperfect a Syftem to ferve as a loiindation, and to fecnre the 
 'I'ranqoiUttv and Permanency of the new Government; and thev have 
 taken the Liberty i-f fiaiine;, in a few concife ami very clear Piopoli- 
 tions, or Aitiiles, iliole Laws or Principles of Luws, which tiiey with 
 may be made fundainentai Parts of that new Confhtutiuii. 
 
 They jMay, that a 'Priennial Hoiii'c of Aflembly, or HeiTcfeiuatives of 
 the People, ma\ I 
 
 K- a eunlti 
 
 tuent Part of the Legillature, with a free 
 Adii:in"ioii therein ol R.-.)inan Catholics. 
 
 ThataCniuuil appo'rted bytlieKingbe another connitiient Part 
 tiiereot, conlilling of a linnted Number ; and that the Mendiers hold 
 their Places tor Life, Refidence in the I'rovince, and good Ikluuiuur. 
 
 The Lav,-s which tlic^' wilh to be fundainentai are — 
 
 The Criminal l.a\\s of Pnpland fur the whole Province. 
 
 The Commercial Laws and Culloii.s of Lnsdaiid for the wi.ole 
 Province. 
 
 The Habeas Corpus Ai^, jitl Cliailes II. .rid the other Afts relating 
 to Perlonal Li:)erty, for the whole Province. 
 
 Tiie antient Law, and Culh.m> of C.nada refpeiftini.' Landed Pilates, 
 Maina^e .Scttka-.rnti, Inheritance, and Uower, for the Uilbvts ot 
 
 G Qiicbec, 
 
[ 26 ] 
 
 
 fi 
 
 
 l^iicbcc, MontriMl, and rincc Hivrrs, as a' rrefcnt boundeil, wiih a 
 lU'kTvation iIkU l'ro])ril•t(lr^ in.iy alienate liy Will. 
 
 The Common Law of I'lii^laml for the Dillruls of Lniienbiugli, 
 Meclilcnburt^li, NalVaii, I Ml't, and (l.ilpc. 
 
 That Ojitional Juries may he j^iantcil in Civil Cafes on r!ie lame Foot- 
 ini> as in livlanJ, except that Nine jurwi:, out ot Twelve may be 
 fiifficient to ellablilh a Vei\i::h 
 
 That the SiierilT',, whit'i 's an Ollic- of p,rea: Trull ami Relponli- 
 bility, may be llruek Amuialiv by ir.c Cioverimr from a 1 ,ill preleiiuJ 
 by the Aflembly. 
 
 Thar the JuJ^^es mav run b-' fubie^t to Snlpcnlion or Removal by the 
 Go\erjior. 
 
 That ()l]:ces of Trull ir.iv be executed by the Principal m tlie Ap- 
 pointment. 
 
 Thele are the prinr:p.il Arucles w!.;i.ii they proiiofe for their new 
 ConlhiUMon. 
 
 There i, no Doubt tliat the new I.r{;i(l.ttute w.ll have fomr Trouble 
 to afcertain the Bounds of ti.e l-'rencli Law, as «ell as of tlie )• .li'lith 
 Lav., but tiuy w;ll do that a^ tiie Ciremnllances and Cales oecur. 
 
 Such i-- the Outline of tfc Conllitutioii uh;ch the People of t!iat Pro- 
 viiice deii.-e. It ij pl.iin, dear, ani! fnnple , and however lome Part', 
 of the new Laws may not be hillv undnlbxid at rirll, the People xwll 
 at all 1 imes know to what Principle of L.aw they nuiU refort. Hut, 
 Sir, the Bill now before this Honourable Moufe is extreir.clv defective, 
 and fiaught with tae moll dangerous (. Dntequences. li is dcteiftive in 
 not etlablilhinj^ the b.nglilli Commercial Laws, the Habeas Curjjus Ac:, 
 and tlie Trial by Jury in Civil Caules, as fundamental I'arts of the 
 Confiitutu.n. And the Divdion of the Province, and ellablifmn,; lure- 
 (litarv Honours annexed to tlie Ofi'ue of Councellor, wdl introduce fucii 
 Confufion and Trouble into the Pr iMixe, as will prove ruinous to the 
 Whole. 
 
 Sir, tl'.ere were no jjofitive Lawi for Commerce in Canada during 
 the Trench tiovcrnmcnt, nur are there any at this T)av. The i rciich 
 Comaeicial Law, or Ci^Jt' \!iu\lanii, was no: introduced into Canada; 
 and however iliat Code may have been cllreiiu'd at the Time :t was 
 compulci', it can.not icach the \ arieiy of .Mercantile Caiei) which now 
 dady occur. This is the Ktal'on lh.it the People of the Province defire 
 to have tlie Lnjlifli La«i iclatinjj; to Commerce introduced i^enerallv, 
 as a P.irt ol the Conliitution ol the Provii.i c, t^.e li.uikrujit l.aws ex- 
 cepte>. i and that Landed Lllates in.iy be made lubjtCt to the Payment 
 of Bi' m «)c;ns. 
 
 'I ii<- Commercial L.iws of this Kin;»dom, Sir, are the Uefult of t!ie 
 Wild .n, the i'speriencr, and tlie Keafon of Ages. We kn w tint there 
 are but lew i.aiute Laws relating to Trade. But the jull atKl p. .per 
 
 Lawi 
 
 
 V 
 
[ " ] 
 
 Cci, wuli ;i 
 
 uu'nbiirgli, 
 
 lAmo Fi)'>t- 
 vc ir..iy be 
 
 I lu-fpcilill- 
 
 l prelciiicd 
 
 oval by tliC 
 
 in thr Aji- 
 
 tlu'ir new 
 
 r.c Trouble 
 t'ar l.ni^hlh 
 ccur. 
 
 )f t!ut Pro- 
 iomc I'.ut-. 
 l'c(>|-ic \Mil 
 ilcrt. Hut, 
 Iv defective, 
 dclciftivc 111 
 Corpus Act, 
 'artb of the 
 lilhsrij^ luTC- 
 rocluci' lucli 
 iioub tu ilu- 
 
 nada during 
 The Ircnch 
 [ito Canada ; 
 1 line It was 
 wlutl, now 
 Dvini'c dcfirc 
 ;d ^cncralK, 
 pt 1 .aws fx- 
 thc Payment 
 
 lefuit of tlis 
 
 w iti it tlierr 
 
 1. aiKl I : 'per 
 
 Laws 
 
 I.av.T. whieh oiipjit to rcfMil.Uc Trade, jw.] crovcin Merr.in'ile Tranf- 
 ac.tions, are to be found in i!>e jiidgiiuiiti of the Courts, grmnded im 
 approved ami tllablifiied Cuilonv.. Pro;ii tliat veiv C'n umlLi'iee they 
 are eitlii r to be lutrodiicet! generally, or not at all. TIk- I ,■ >_''l!.ir.u!e of 
 ti'.e Coiuiirv will of coorfc regidate ar.v Difnadties tli.it (.(mu. On 
 this Poinr' tt ileferves the fcrious Coii:'iiliration ol tlis linn '.ir:'.l)!;r 
 iloihe, befides attending to the Convrr.iencc and Seru;',ty ut t!u- Mct- 
 eh.uus in the Province, to provide ai. 1 cllablilh buh Laws for the 
 Province a^ wdl afford Seeuiny to ilic ?^1frr|iants of IbiMin, who rrtilb 
 larj;e Suni^ into the Provin. e. 'Vh. y e.Mnot be lu; pol'.;,l to un lerlland 
 ..nv other l-aws but thofe which prevm in thii Kin^idoin. I(, ih-r'.-- 
 forc, l,aws are cllablilhed whieh they :.) not undrrt\.uui, they will be 
 ioSied to nuinberleb, linpo!itio;ib, ab tl.'.y h vc been lor lonie Ye.ivi 
 J,', ill *. The Trial by jury, at the Ojition nfeitiier (.f the i'artif-., ib in 
 abfobire R quifite in all Merviaiuilc Cui'eb, and oMijht liLewil'c to be a 
 Conllitution.d Point. 
 
 It is bkewife nccefl'arv, for the Tr.'.nquillitv of, and ro fitisfy tlic 
 Peviple, that the Laws '''iatm;' to Pcr;'.ual Siictv iIiomUI i';- c.i.iidiil-.fcl 
 bv Parliainen:. Sir, the People of tlia: I'rovincc d .i not w:ib. to depend 
 even cit :!":ir oivu Lfrijldturc, tor Objecs f > clVential to their Secuntv ami 
 lla'pinefs. Th y wifli to have- them ar>.ertaineil and li,\eil ;>y (he Britiih 
 Lcuillature, n- i'.irts of tiie Conllitutlon. They do not deliiv tluu Par- 
 liaaient Ihoukl lefjend to the Minutix of luakinia; Laws for them ; buc 
 tliey prav tiiis 1 . :nourabIc 1 loufc will lav down tlie urea' le.ui;:i^' Points 
 of their ConilituL, m, to fervc as Land Marki to i^^u.Je their luw I-eg:!- 
 lature in the Uituti Lxcreile of Lcgillation. 
 
 bur, it has 1 een obie>;'ted to me, ajjainlV introducing the Fniildh 
 Commeici.d I iv.-s, that they are too \ iduniinous lor .i yoiint; Colony ; 
 but if this 1 lonourable lloufe will reeolleirt that we wilh to except the 
 Statute B inkrupt Laws; and that we ean have no Occafion for diole 
 relating to Inl'uraiues, thiy will not, 1 hope, confuler them as I'o i.;reatly 
 exceeding the pioper Bounds. 
 
 'I'hn i loniiurabh- I louie wdl, I hoj e, allow, t!iat we ir.u'.l liavc fo:-,-,c 
 Laws to lernliii- 1 rid^, .i.> at pteknt we have none, li'wc ,i;c to de- 
 pcnti on the Cutloin of Pari.i, and Cod-; Ciiii lor tliat I'lirpou , a Mer- 
 chant wuuld be oblii'.ed to have a Nmary I'ublic .ir his L.lbov, from 
 Miirninp; to Ni:;lit : In his Compnn^: lloul'e, to teit!l\ everv I'apt-i- he 
 wrote; in his \\ arehovile nr Cellais, to tertity t!ie .Sale of Goods and 
 
 • Coutumc ill Paris. ,\rt,clc I2f). — Merch.iiits Tiados Poople, and others, who Icll 
 (iini.r, \l. by Kci.iij, c.iiuot limii; cli<-ii Action .iltcr Six .\loiith» h.i\c fIjpCci! irDin 
 the I). ly lit the tirll !)clivcrain.c ui tlicu l.i.J (.Joous, -^c. iiriltls ttic AccuiJiit ius 
 been k'ttlcJ aiiil ligricJ. 
 
 Article 127. — Di.iiK-rs .Mercers, ami other Wholel'-ilc .Mcrch.ints, cani'.nt bring 
 their Action, or Dcniaiul tor their Cioods, aitei a Year has elapleil, reekoiuiii; liom 
 the Day "1 the Delmrancc of |i-.,r CnoiN, uiilils there h.is been .in Ubhjtatioir^iveii, 
 or tliat the Ac-nuni has been fettled and figneih 
 
 Lujuors ; 
 
 
[ 2R ] 
 
 liquors; in the Strms or at tht- CoftVc-TTouf.-, to tnko Minu^-s of 
 fverv inn-ndca 15.ir.-..ir, oi 'rr.infnaion ; oihcrwUr he wouKI find th;.- \m 
 I'ook in ' CUiks"" wo'.il.l not In- conri.lcrcJ in the Courts as f.if. 
 ficK-n- ivit'.fncc to clhiMilli a Debt, th.it hu I'apns anJ l.c-tt-Ts 
 v.onl,l be aaiudirc.l .n NVKuing the rcquifttc Komv. ; ami th,u Oral 
 Fvuicnic ^v<.uK^n(.t be racived in Proof of a Rarpin* In wh.,. 
 Mm'-er tliorefore, .lie \\e to get Conimerr :.il Laws? Our I'rovmn.il 
 1 c-illiture ir:iv, to be lure, .uiopt One or mon- of the (.-w Acts ol 
 Parliament which relate to Trade; for the Britilh 1 xginature h.ive been 
 at all Times fenfihle of the Diliiniltv and Daiif'.rr ot ni;u klm • ( om 
 jnerce v.ith fvllcmatic La^^s, and t!uv have therelore leir the Met. iiants 
 to follow their own Cvihrv, and to aUertain thele in the Conns o( 
 Jiifti.e, when neceilarv •• It is therefore in the Judi;mrnts ol the Court;. 
 ti-ar ve .'re to feek for thefe Comniereul Laws, and tlicic may be t oin- 
 iMellVd into a few VoUmus of Reports. F5iit, Sir, can the Provincnl 
 I.ei'in.iture adopt one Ho'.k of Reports, am! ri;ecl an.nher ' or is it 
 intended that thev Hull cii.ut a N^iiobfr of I ,aws, aiu! by tlur Means 
 form a Svftem of Coninirroial Jimlprudenie r is it to be left to tiie 
 l^M.-bee 1 esidlature to fettle and aiijull a Syltciii which has been eon- 
 lidered as too dilficiih .ind danf^crous for ihe VViiu.im of [!ie Britilli 
 Senate ?— It cannot be polHrilc ; and 1 am lure this Honourable IJoule 
 will fee tiie NecefTitv of i:i:roducini,' tlie l-'.nj'iilh Commercial Laws 
 inro the Bill, .as forming Pirt of the Contutmion of the Province of 
 Qi_iebce. 
 
 Ev the ■;ill Claufe of tl-.e Bill, .dl the Liw^ Stattites, and Ord;- 
 n.'.nies, now m I ur^e in the I'luvinre, are to remain in lorce tintil al- 
 tered bv the new Legillaturc.— I have already been very full on t.his 
 Point. 
 
 My Conflituents pray, as tne Tlonntiralile Iloiifr will fee by their Pe- 
 titions, that the (^lebee A •, and .dl the !..i*s whicli were fiippof;-d to 
 be introduced by it, as \u-!l as all t!ie Ordinances ni the l.e^iflarive 
 ronr.nl, m.iv l)e repeal'-ii and annolleil. This, Sir, is the onlv pofTlble 
 Wav of fettbnp the C ni^iriuion of tliat Coinnrv, fo as to fatisfy and pieafe 
 tlie I'eople. If that Svltem, >vl,;ch noliodv ha-, been able to eomprciiend, 
 IS to be rontunied, h.ow, i.r ;n whar Manner, is the new Legillatorc to 
 inoditv and refi.rni it? — h it prndeiu to refer to the new l.^'g'.ilatiire 
 a Sidn^ct wild; is likt-ly f' eterni/e tliofe Diftinctions v/hith liavc, to 
 the Dif.'iace of the Color.*, uibfilled already too Ion-.', by cncourjj^ing 
 
 i^>:, 
 
 r^T 
 
 • $'•■■ (:.>ii( Cimlc. Title JO. Aiticjr- 20. — Act.? uii tiT the llawi'- of the Fatti,!, or 
 bdun- '^"U.'ics, Ihali he p. lic<l loi e\crv Ohic>t exei.cdnn; i Livki. 
 
 Artieic 5lli.— it a I'an. iiijkts kvci.ii l.unuini. ;\! the Uiiu- Titiir, cl wIiilIi there 
 is iiu i roi.t, (11 no licg.ni.in;; m i i.iot, by Wi.ti:!::, .m.i tint togctlier iholc ."^luns 
 nmouiit to more tlun lo > Livrti, they cannot he prnvcc) by \\ itiK-tUs, i vrn tin,i:;li 
 Lhr', be liittorciit Siiin>, priHcii.Mi;; troni <iivcr> C.iuli •-, aiMl kl difterri.t I inick. 
 
 Artic'i: (ilii, — 'in DeiiiamS ol tutry Kiiiii. lh.it Jn- :io: whi.llv )uilihril bv VVtitiiii', 
 fli.!!! h; ioiimo irtu cm; lioilv ; .-Iti-r which cht oliiCr Ucmaiiiit, ol virhitli Jhcrc l^ wt 
 I'looi by \V'iitiiij;, Uiail nut be ictti.ti), 
 
 the 
 
 •nil 
 
[ ^-) ] 
 
 .(• Miini'-5 of 
 1 find th..- hit 
 )uits as I'l'f- 
 
 arnl 1 .ctt -rn 
 iiiii th.it Oral 
 
 *. In whai. 
 Ill l'rc)\ i;i( ill 
 • lew /\cU (it 
 lire h.ivi" bci'ii 
 iiklin • Coin 
 he Mci. iiant'i 
 t'le Conns of 
 (it thf Coiirrj 
 may he Kjm- 
 hf I'rovincul 
 her ? or is it 
 that Means 
 lie left to tin- 
 uis been lon- 
 of the Br;tilli 
 iirabli" IJuutc 
 incr^ial I ,aws 
 I'rovmcc of 
 
 .iiul Oiiii- 
 orcc until al- 
 full on t!i:'i 
 
 by tlirir !'e- 
 ippolVii ta 
 r I .cgiflanvr 
 
 diilv pofTiblv" 
 ify and plcalf 
 (.oinprciicnd, 
 
 ,(i;;llarure co 
 w i^tg. il.it lire 
 
 i(.h have, t') 
 
 ciici)ura^;m<r 
 
 the Pai:i.!, iir 
 
 ol wIiilIi there 
 irr iholc ^llms 
 >, I v»ii tii(..i;;li 
 
 pcil by Writiii!', 
 bull tlicrc l^ »'' 
 
 t!,f 
 
 \l>conf and thf other Party to llrii^;;';!'- for anil fnppor'. r'u-ir fa^-o'iiitr 
 Svlli'i". froi" l^'^v to l^»\. "r liom ^^■;;'. m ro Si-IV.um, as f:,i; (-;u- or t'lc 
 otlK-r I'lriv is inoll pntLtniiiianr in ili'- ( ,■ ;.;illati)ri- ? This wtmhl bi- lav- 
 in;', the I'oinnlatioii of Aminolitics, t^: irrds, anil I'ilvifions ainon ■; tl.f 
 I'l'ipk-, which mult -rr,ii\ iinprd'- th • ( .ro'.vih an.! ropniati.i.i ol th.- 
 Province i whicli wonUi iliiinnilli us strenjj;th, ami rcndtr \i of Ul* 
 ValiK- in the Line of I'rade to (neat Hritain. 
 
 .Sir, I eonliiier it a;, abfolntely ne( r,liry that the Rritifli Pari' mvur. 
 fliouhl eilablifii iht j/jeat Outlines of o;r Conllitutio-i ; i!,,it t'lev ihinl I 
 point out elearlv thote Piini iptes of I .iw whicii are to d:r(\-t iii.l j.'ovfin 
 the l^eL',il1 ituie o( the Province in t.'uir future Deiiiicr.iiions. Iirlij 
 is done, the Parties will e caiil;. .ipproacli hi.! aHiiiiilate tvytlirr, 
 
 and mutually acroinmoilate one aiiotner, in loch P.iits of ei'licr ol ili'^ 
 Syrteuis as require futtrnin^ or luochlvinj; ; and, iiov.rver t'ley in.iy 
 dilFcr about the Introduction of a whole .Sylkem, t'lere would proh.ibly, 
 if it is introduced by I'arliament, be o.ily one Opiai.m oii tlir Ptopm-ty 
 of rendcrin},' it as ealy, as ed'cctive, and as ufeful as poil'i'ile. 
 
 There are aiiiong b'lth the l-ni^lilli iiul Flench liihah.tants, wiio .irc 
 Proiirictors of Lands held under the I'fiidal (ii.ints, rlure are ol \h,:'\ 
 V ho are luarricii, and h.ivc I-amilies, ami there are of l)ii!!i, who h.ive 
 perfonal Dealings and I'ranfaCtions. Ilie oKI Laws, therei.nt, win. ii 
 are re(]uifite for thele Purpot'es, arc necell'iry to, ,ind mult be deimd tiv 
 botli. Hut, Sir, the whole I'rade and Commerce is in the H.wi.ls ol, 
 and depends on, the l'.n!;lilh. It is therefote exrremelv necelluy tor 
 them to have l^aws litteil and applicablr to tlie Natuie of Coinmerciil 
 l)ealin<^?s and Tranlaftions. As the French Canadians are not inucli 
 cngaf^ed in thele Purliiits, they cannot be muc!i ar(]u.»iiK -d wit'i its 
 Operations ; ami m.iv imt feel the /\i',xie:v and I'ronlile, wh.cii the W .rit 
 (it jiroper Laws oi i alion to tlie Mercantile Body. 1" !■> onlv from us 
 Trade that ilie Pro. mee can be uletnl, or in anvwile oi Imjort.iiu e ro 
 this K.iiUMlo.11 , and on th.it Account it is the moii' ncei il'ii y to ell.;bl:lh 
 Inch Laws as will promote and incre.ile it. We, tlnii t.ire, h.ipe tlur 
 Parliament will repeal the VV'liole ot the old .Svilei., iiui in ;iie new 
 ConiLtution |:;ive iw thole I'artsct' liie I'n^lifh ar.vi lic;i>.!i L.iw.-. ui.ich 
 we have pointed out as necelV.irv loi u^. 
 
 :i .\p}-.e.lls 
 
 In tlie ; :d Clavile oft'ie Rill, where permlirion is i.T.uiri ., i,i .\| jiu-. 
 from the Province, to appc.il from tl;.- Kiiij^ in Cooi ul to Ills M ueily 
 111 I lis I'ailinmeiu, it would conduce very much to .ibri<i;.';e tiie l)r| iv ot 
 Law Procecdiiii;s, to promote the Iviuls of Jiillice, an.! to di iirilli r!,e 
 Lxpences of the P.utie.-, if ihv- .Ap-e.d wai .dlov.ed to be ma.ii i.ji.it v 
 from the lalt Court in the Proviiu.; to lbs Manlh m l'.ii;;,i:iur.;. Wc 
 do not Willi or deiire to iniMn':;e in a;r, M.iniier mi the Pi ;io • •!i\e, i;i 
 any Thing th.it is elVci.tial to tlie IiiKietl .uid l)i<^ni:v ot the Ct' a\ n , 
 but we know that it is the Glory of lbs MajciU s Rei ',;i, th.it u <\.\-. 
 ev. r been the Intention and (.uiitlaiit Dcrlire of i Tl^ .M.ijeiiy, tlia" Ju l:.e 
 Ihoul.i be ul;i;inilK-red to the SiibjeiH i.i tlie e.iliell, ;iioit ('."■.'■, ...I 
 moll ef:e(ftu.il M.iiU'.cr. We therefore liofic th it tue Province m .y ;ie 
 
 Jl ;;Mt.;;ed 
 
[ .10 ] 
 
 ll ' 
 
 li 
 
 I! 
 
 ftratificd in tliis Point, ;i5 it will br the Mrans of cliccking the Spiiir or 
 1 .iti^atuin, by brin{:^ing their Uilpmis to a more Ipccdy Ifluc aiul De- 
 termination. 
 
 I bc(:; l.iMvc further to remark to this Honourable Houle, that 
 bv the V,*-! Claiile ot the Bill, that I'.irt of tlie (^icltec Ad it lontimicd 
 •wiiich '.liithori/xtl 1 lis M.iitiiv to order the 'I'ythes of ;he [„ind-, ami 
 I'oireirions, oi:cu()ieii by I'm ti ihmts, to be eolleded (or the rmporc ol 
 making; I'rovifion for the Iiieoiiraf^ement of the I'roteltint lUii^.on. 
 This, to reople rcfidinp in tiicat Britain, may appear fair and jKoper, 
 but It wdi, I hope, be allowed that 'I'ythes arc only liue to the Chuirh 
 for the Services which the CK r^;;v of that CInireh m.iv or can prifbim 
 to the I'erfons from wiiom thcle Tythes arc (l.nmed. S:r, tiiere are |*ro- 
 tertants fettled in that Country on l-'arms 150 Mile* dillant from .uiv 
 I'rotffiaiit Church or Minitirr, who from their Situation are deprived of 
 the Uenetiiof the Orcimar.cfs, Ceremonies, or Service>, of t| c I'rotelhr.r 
 Church; and it therefore apj ears ti) me that it uiU Se unjni^ to compel 
 them to pay Tvthes, a,id to roiitribcte row aids fupportipL- a ProreH .r.z 
 Clerfiy, from whom tliev can derive no Allillance, no Advice, or In- 
 Itruiftion. 1 do not wdh to raifc any DitViculties a^ainll a necciriry 
 Provilion fur the l-'.ilablilhmr'.t ol a I'iMtelUnt Ciercv m the Fioviiice, 
 it is a verv delir.ible Ot ird, and iiuii.h wilhed for, and it h.i^ been Mat- 
 ter of Surpriz" that no i'lovuion ol that Kind hat yet becu iindc- id the 
 Province; the Recommendation o( it to tlie Attention of P,irli.Lueiit, 
 however, is a llronu; I'roofutHis M.'.ielU's Attention to the prelent ami 
 future ilappinels of ilis ."I'.ijii-ets ; but I have tiioo^iu it mv Duty to 
 Rate the Circumliance. As .t would be in the Nature of a partial I ax 
 for a public Service, it iii^iht perhaps be proper to limit the Kij^ht 
 of claimini^ Tvtlies m this Claule to a certain Dirtan.e iroin ihi: 
 kcfuienee of tl.e Piotellanr C.lerf.^v. — Say ,';o Miie». ISeliiies, 1 apprc- 
 heiul it would be pioper 10 explain what li meant by 1 vthes, if it is 
 underUoitd that thev Ihall lie rccer.cil accordinp to tiie Uuie lolloweiJ 
 by the Roman Catholic Cler^^y in the Piovince, or tin- Rule that is loU 
 lowed in I'.n{;land. I likewife beg Leave to lubmit to this 1 loiv>itrjble 
 Houfc if it would not be proper to inkrt in the Claufes concerniMj^ 
 future liraius of Lands a I'o.ver to authoiizi- Mis Manlly, with the 
 Conliiit anvl Advice u\ the 1 .rj^ifLiiure ct t!ir Prviviiice, to ihan;;e the 
 Teiiute of the Lands j;rantcd and now held under the heudal 'J'ciurrc, 
 when requefted lo to do, by Petitions from tlie Proprietors for ilia: I'ur- 
 }iole : 1 mean that (iovirnmrnt Ihould, upon Petition, accept of the Jiio- 
 icnder of the old Feudal tir.'uts, and ie;^rai;t tlie 1 uiie to the f'lupi 1- 
 etor a(;ain 111 1 rte and Coni.i; un Socc.i{;c, Ihib bein^ optional, and u it 
 compullory, cannot n.eet v, ,r!i any Oppofition ; ai.d in a jh )rt 1 iinc 
 might be a happy Alhlbiu in An:>lifyin2; the Colony, a* it \v luK! by 
 Degrees remove that detelLddc Ba(!'>e, Valiala^e. 
 
 1 have now flated fully the Defed; of the Bill as ir at {ircfetv. 1^ m.h. 
 My Objedions !',o principally a-^ainrt the followmf^ Claufes : 
 
 The cftabliihing Twu Independent Leg.ilaturci in the Piovince. 
 
 Tlie 
 
;Iic Spirit of 
 fuc antl Dc- 
 
 Houlf, tint 
 
 % conrintierf 
 
 I^mtli atul 
 
 I'llipufc f)t 
 
 nr Ri-lLj4,.i)n. 
 ami proper, 
 the Chiiich 
 Mn ppifbrni 
 ere .ire I'ro- 
 it from .inv 
 lifpnvctl lit' 
 e i'rotcllarc 
 i^ to tonijitl 
 a rrori'lhnc 
 /ice, or In- 
 a neccir.ify 
 ic Province, 
 ^ bffn Ma:- 
 iimle III liie 
 l*,irli.i.iieiit, 
 ' pitlent aiul 
 my Duty to 
 partial lax 
 It the Kiglit 
 :e Iroin iliu 
 e$, I apprc- 
 i!ies, if It i« 
 iile tollowcil 
 r that IS luU 
 1 loivdtfsble 
 ^ ton.'ermn^; 
 lly, wall tlic 
 I I hail ;e the 
 ndal 'rciuTrc, 
 for tJM' I'lir- 
 .t i>t the Siir- 
 j liic Prupi !- 
 )nal, .111,1 1) It 
 X Ih )rr 1 imc 
 J It v. ■uK! by 
 
 refer.'. iVinJj. 
 
 I : 
 
 'lovince. 
 
 The 
 
 4 
 1% 
 
 [ .!' ] 
 
 T!ie makinf^ thf Plare of Coiincfll'jr Iicrtditarv, mr.l ;iot iluiiting tlw 
 Niiiiiber of the Couiicrllor.s, 
 
 The finall Nuinb'Tf.f R'-prer.nrtf'VP intcntlcd for the Aflcti-bly, antl 
 m.ikiiip; ihi niiration ot tii..- .vliLinbiy lii'tcniiial. 
 
 The cdntinuinf'; tiw l.iws, Stat'.ite?, and Ordinances, now ir, I'o;i:e, 
 or Itipi ofed to be in l-orce, in the l'rov;;u-e geiuTaily. 
 
 The iovellin^ tlie Gov.'rnoi" with the Power of lii^'idinj tl;e I'lue'ncr 
 into IJifii ids, (or the Ptirpole of Keprdentation, and a|V)oiiit'n;^ tl;e 
 Ketiiriii.'iy t.).']icer from Time to I'ime, and Hxiiij^ the Place.', of Meet- 
 ing; of i!ie LCjjill itiire. 
 
 The claiming of i'ythei f;om the d;;;,:iu I'rotcil.ir.i Settlers, a:\.\ r.df 
 fettling the Rule. 
 
 'i'he requirin;; Appeal', frnm tl'.e P; i'.->.rc to r.'o b-''i,rc t!ie K'ii[^ .ii 
 C'jiUKil, in their Progrcb to J lis Majei y in Pa bamer.t. 
 
 T!ie Additions wc willi to tiie B.'.l 1 Live flatt.u be.'ure. 
 
 \Vith ihefe AUeration.s and Ad'liilon?, t!;e Bill vvotild, I .in prrfoide'!, 
 ^ive general S.uibfaction to the I'eople (;i i!ie Proviiue. it w. old pr-a-r 
 a real IHejrin;; to the Coiiiitr','; and b" ii:c Me.ms of jevivit: > liiduilr/, 
 improving Af:;rieiilriirc, and pronioti.i.; ConiimT.e, ;r; i n! .ittuiiinu 
 tlic Ir.!i,;bitants to the IJritilli Nation and Gover.imeiit by th.' Iboni^eil: 
 of all I'ieb, t!io!e of Int^reli .uid Ciratitvule. 
 
 Sir, v.e know thai a fice (iovernmti:^ v. ill not a.:t l;l:e a Ciiarm, an',1 
 produce Wonder-. We are I'eiifiblc thai it will oi.:Mfi,);i f.jine I'n.ubic 
 in tl'.e l-irl1 Vear^, till the People get aLfulloiiied to i:b t.)p( r.itions. 
 We do not r.tpevt tiiat every Tiling i.s to profper and i'')iir;lh iitin./' 
 tiiatelv on i:s I-'ilablillimcnt ; b'.ir we hope, and expi'Ct, tii.it in a few Ycaik 
 its Ivnrticial Coidlquenccs will be ft.lt l^y tiic I'eople, ,iiul luiome evider.t 
 10 the Oblerv.irioii of (iovernment ; t!iat tiie new I .ei'jllatiire may be 
 able to roule tiie People from their prefVat inactive Sr.iie, and bv Boun- 
 ties and I'.r ( (Hir i;;enie:)ri liimidare them to Indiiilrv, Interprize, .-"nd 
 Invenno.'i; .i:id t'l.u the Individual, while eiu-our.i!j;ed to piirfne hi-, oi.' n 
 1/ueriit and Advjrraj'e, may be dire:"lid. lo a-, to ]ivo;i;ure liio general 
 Ptof,erity of the I'rovinte, and Henetit of the Empire. 
 
 S'l -'i are the Hopes v-rentertiin of the Advan'.ipes wliirh tiie '.inited 
 Pro'.'iii.e may derive from .i lihcial Conllitiition ; .m.i it will be our 
 r'lief 'jlorv to rnnvi'ice the Kiit:(]i Nation th.ic tlie Provinre of Qiiebec 
 :.,, a;i,l oci^jht 'o b',-, eonfidered as a \.^!ual)le Appenda^^r to tiie lim- 
 pirc. 
 
 I'.:', .Sir, if the I'rov.nce ii to hi' divided, ar.ii the old Syftem of f ,.1W5 
 civr.ituifd i it It i.s expected tliat either I'.irt of the Piovinee, feparati\i 
 a. pro!\>;i d in the Bill, il-.all in its |>relent exhauRed and iinpoverdh-d 
 Suite 1..,.; f'-e Snppbcs for lupiiortini!; the whole l-'xpeiires of tlir (io- 
 '.'•rnmfur — ic will liv- reiincin;; liie I'rovinee to a .Situation .is b.i.l ...; 
 r!ic Childicii Oi lii.i'jj in pL'ypt, when liiey were required to make Bri J:s 
 
 I V, itlij'.it 
 
"f^' 
 
 i;l 
 
 ^' \ 
 
 [ 
 
 1 T 
 
 1 
 
 Without Str.iw. The People will Ice tliat the apparent Freedom IjcUl 
 out by tlic new Syllcin ii ililiifivc ; atui the new C'onlliiiition will com- 
 pli'at th,\'. Rum >vlui:h tlic foniu'r peti\icnjun Syllcm li.nl left uiifi- 
 iiifluil. 
 
 1 h.ivc not inteniU'ti to propofe .my Thing for the A<lvanrai»c of tlic 
 Vrovinie that I think can, in anywire, iniure tlic Intcrcll", of (irtat 
 Britain, in lb far as thtv are ( t)nnnU-il wiih the Atlairs of the I'ro- 
 vince. My only Delire is to pru( urc tli.it Kiiul of Conlliiution for tlir 
 I'rovincc which niav prumotr the Hajipincls anil I'roljicrity ol the 
 Inhabuants of evcrv Part of that ext( luieil foiiiitrv, as coiinecicil with 
 aiul itipendaiu on the C'i(ni.ii aiul P.irliaiiuiit of thele Kinijdoiiis. 
 
 In what I iuve urged on tli;s MonoiraMc lloiil'e I have intendeil to 
 ac(]iiit that Duty \sii i!i 1 owe to iiiv Lunilitueiits tor the Contiilcncc 
 and I'rull they repoK-vi in inc. 
 
 And I now trull tiie .AlFair^ of the Province to thii I lonotirable I loufe, 
 in perleil Kelianie o\\ their WiKloiii and Jiid|;iiient , lolly l.itislied tliar 
 they will not aiio|^t any (ironi; .Mcaliire, witliout ilear ami politive Proo; 
 that it is not only necellarv, but that it will be generally aeceptable tu 
 the People fettle. 1 in every Part of that great fountrVi hopinir that this 
 1 ioiKuir.ible lloule will (onltintlv keep in theii \'iew that I'lC fontli- 
 tution which is now to be tltablitlied tor tlie Province (if .^iirbrc in- 
 volves tlie Jjecuritv and ll.ippinefs not onlv of the prclcnt C-.Trration, 
 but of Thoufands— pcrh.ii i Millions, yet unborn. 
 
 m 
 
 ^ 
 
rrccdom liclJ 
 loti will com 
 lul left uiiH- 
 
 antajjc of the 
 rtllb of (JrtMi 
 
 i of tllC l'l(). 
 Itlltioil for llir 
 I'tTity ol tlic 
 
 'illlCClcil Wltil 
 
 ;iioins. 
 
 c intendc'il to 
 c Conlidcncc 
 
 iir.il.lf Jloofe, 
 
 l.ltlslilHJ tllJt 
 
 'oiitivf I'rui.t 
 iicTptal.lc til 
 '!'V^ that tliii 
 _t the ConUi- 
 'Uucbrc in- 
 '■ 0:r.-:r3Uun, 
 
 K