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 IHE CAMPAIGN OF LOmSfiOUK6--n5«-'68. 
 
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[The narrative of the campaign of Loaisbnrg Ibrms one of the three mana- 
 acripts ascribed to the Chevalier Johnstone. The original is deposited in the 
 French war archives, in Paris : a copy was, with the leave of the French 
 Oovernment, taken by P. L. Morin, Esq., Draughtsman to the Crown Lands 
 Department of Canada, about 1856, and deposited in the Library of the 
 Legislative Assembly of Canada. The Literary and Historical Society of 
 Quebec, through the kindness of Mr. Todd, the Librarian, was permitted to 
 have communication thereof. This document is supposed to have been 
 written some years afler the return to France from Canada of the writer, the 
 Chevalier Johnstone, a Scotch Jacobite, who had fled to France after the 
 defeat at CuUoden, and had obtained from the French monarch, with several 
 other Scotchmen, commissions in the Fi'ench armies. In 1748, says 
 I^anHsgue Xiehd* he sailed firom Bochefort as an Ensign with troops going 
 to Cape Breton : he continued to serve in America until he returned to 
 France, in December, 1760, having acted during the campaign of 1769, in 
 Canada, as aide-de-oamp to Chevalier de Levis. The journal is written in 
 English, and is not remarkable for orth(^aphy or purity of diction : either 
 Johnstone had forgotten, or had never thoroughly known, the language. 
 Some will ask whether his strictures on the conduct of the abb6 La Loutre 
 are not over severe ? The style is prolix, sententious, abounding in quota- 
 tions from old writers ; one would be inclined to think, at times, that it had 
 originally been written in French, and then literally translated into English. 
 These documents had first attracted the attention of one of the late historians 
 of Canada, theabb6 Ferland,who attached much importance to them, as oal- 
 culated to supply matters of detail and incidents unrecorded elsewhere. M. 
 Margry, in charge of the French records in Paris, had permitted the venerable 
 writer, then on a visit to Paris, to make extracts from it ; some of which 
 extracts the abb6 published at the time of the laying of the St. Foy Monu- 
 ment, in 1862.. — J. M. LbMoikk.] 
 
 V -» 
 
 * Les Bcouais en Francef vol. ii., p. 449. 
 
i 
 
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 IPtMiiktd wtdtr th» mufieu of th» titmry and Hbtorieat Soeietf ttf QiMft«e.] ^^^^ 
 
 the; .i?apai6n of louisboue^, 
 
 1750-'58. 
 
 
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 A SHORT ACCOUNT OF WHAT PASSED AT 
 ': ^ 1 CAPE BRETON, 
 
 FROM THE BEGINNING OF THE LAST WAR (1760) UNTB^ ^ 
 THE TAKING OF LOUISBOURG, BY THE ENGLISH, 
 
 'f': ; . IN THE YEAR OF OUR LORD 1768. '!^* 
 
 Hating served at IMsle Royale, or Cape Breton, from the year 
 1750 un'Il the surrender of Louisbourg, the capital of that 
 island, in 1758, which surrender was the prelude to the 
 subsequent success of the British arms in America, I shall 
 briefly relate the most memorable events which happened 
 there during the War, with the same truth and impartiality that 
 I have observed with regard to my other campaigns. '^ 
 
 Acadie, or Nova Scotia, was the source from whence arose 
 the animosities, contentions and ruptures that soon terniinated 
 in an open war between France and England. That country, 
 attached particularly to the government of I'isle Royale, was 
 at the same time subject to the Governor-General of Canada^ 
 whose authority extended to New Oiieans, the capital of 
 Mississippi, at the distance of twelve hundred leagues. '^ 
 
 The French had two forts there. La Baye Verte and 
 Beausejour, which were garrisoned by two companies of the 
 Colony troops, one from Canada, the other from Louisbourg, 
 relieved every year. The English, soon after the peace in 
 1749, came there and built a fort, about a cannon-shot from 
 the French fort at Beausejour, where the French and English 
 garrisons lived for some time with great concord and harmony, 
 
t : 
 
 uatil Abb6 La Loutre, Missionary of the Indians in Acadie, 
 soon put all in fire and ilame, and may be justly deemed the 
 scourge and curse of his country. This wicked monster, this 
 cruel and bloodthirsty priest, more inhuman and savage than 
 the natural savages, with a murdering and slaughtering mind 
 instead of an evangelical spirit, excited continually bis Indians 
 against the English, and it came to that pitch that they were 
 at last pent up in their fort, and were unable to move out of 
 it without running the risk of being instantly scalped by the 
 Indians. 
 
 The English began hostilities in 175D. A small man of 
 war stationed at Halifax, or Chibouctou, commanded by Capt. 
 Rouss, (Ross ?) attacked a French merchant ship, commanded 
 by DeVergor, captain of the Colony troops, took it after a combat 
 of several hours, and sent DeVergor to Loaisbourg, where I saw 
 him a short time after my arrival there. I never could find 
 out a plausible reason for this infraction of the peace alter it 
 being so lately concluded. The success of the English in 
 their last war may be some justification ; biit if they had been 
 unfortunate, Rouss' action would have been loudly blamed 
 and condemned even by the English nation. 
 
 It was both wrong and unjust that the English should accuse 
 the French of having a hand in the horrors committed daily 
 by La Loutre with his Indians. What is not a wicked priest 
 capable of doing ? He clothed in an officer's regimectals an 
 Indian named Cope, who I saw some years afterward at 
 Miramichi, iu Acadie. He caused his hair to be curled, 
 powdered, and put in a bag, and laying an ambuscade of 
 Indians near to the fort, he sent Cope to it waving a white 
 handkerchief in his hand, which was the usual sign for the 
 admittance of the French into the English fort. The major 
 of the fort — a worthy man, and greatly beloved by all the 
 French officers — taking Cope for a French officer, came out of 
 the fort with his usual politeness to receive him ; but he no 
 sooner appeared than the Indians in ambush fired at him and 
 killed him. All the French had the greatest horror and 
 indignation at La Loutre's barbarous action, and I dare say that 
 had the Court ol France known the cireumstances then, they 
 
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 would ha ve been very far from approving it. In the meantime, 
 he had so ingratiated himself with the Marqnis de la 
 Gallisoniere, that it became a crime to even write againft 
 him. It is need less to explain further the execrable ocmdnct of 
 the Abb6 La Loutre : in all ages cruelty and inhumanity have 
 been eminently sacerdotal. The English garrison^ after a 
 long series of such priestly scienes, at length became exas- 
 perated, and, losing all patience, they besieged Beausqonr, 
 which, being very weakly defended, they took in the spring 
 of the year 1755. 
 
 It would have nevertheless been more conformable to equity 
 and justice if the English had endeavoured to catch the Al»b6 
 La Loutre, and had hung him, as the sule author of these 
 abominations. 
 
 It is now very useless to make a dissertation upon the limits 
 of Acadie. Several very aged men of that country described 
 them to me in a most plain and simple manner — ** The extent 
 of the orders of the ancient Governors of Acadie,'' which ihey 
 well remembered. * 
 
 But it then appeared to me, by the vastly swelled pretensivons 
 of the English, infinitely beyond the reality, that they had no 
 intention of settling them in a friendly manner. If they had 
 interrogated the old men of the country with regard to the 
 extent, of the authority of their Governors, they would have 
 evaded the quibbles and the chicanes of the Commissaries, 
 whose personal interest was to prolong the dispute, and the 
 affair would have soon been determined. The Eln^lish adopted 
 the shortest and surest way of deciding the quarrel, by taking 
 the whole, providing that there was a possibility of preserving 
 their now vastly extensive and unlimited possessions in 
 America. 
 
 ,1^ There cannot be a forti^ed town in a worse situation thaii 
 Louisbourg : it is commanded all round by heights. About 
 two hundred paces from the curtain between the west gate 
 and the King's, bastion, a height (Hauteur ^a la Pptence) 
 overlooks a great part of the town^ the parade, the wharvea; 
 enfilades the battery of the Gr&ve which defends the harbour, 
 where the cannoniers of this battery, whose platforms and 
 
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 ptniions are entirely disoovered from that eminence, may be 
 idarked ont and killed from it with muskets. Opposite to the 
 •oatit gate, Porte de la Reine, there is another eminence, 
 Oape Noir, which is stiil much higher than the Hauteur de 
 la Poteaoe, discovers all across the town dov;n to the wharves, 
 andisoply betwixt two and three hundred paces distant from 
 the'CnrtaiD. La Batterie Royal, a fort which faces and defends 
 tlie entry bf the harbour, is also domineered by a very high 
 eminence, about three hundred fathoms from it, where there is 
 a sentry-box for a vidette. Such was the natural and insur- 
 mo^Btable defects of the position chosen for a town of such 
 inlpertaiice. But what is still more astonishing, the stupid 
 negligence of the French in not repairing the ibrlifications ; 
 probably they had not the experience that sea saou is not fit 
 for morter, as it does not dry, bind and harden, as with river 
 sand, which may be caused by the particles of salt it contains. 
 All the walls of masonry, the embrasures, the counterscarp, 
 And the parapets, were tumbled down into the fosses, which 
 weh filled up with rubbish ; the palisades were all of them 
 rotten — in many parts of the covert way they were crumbled 
 &way on a level with the ground, and there was scarce any 
 vestige of glacis which had not been destroyed by grazing 
 there ; all the planks of the platforms were entirely rotten, as 
 also all the carriages of the cannons ; — in short, that town 
 bad taote the look of anciect ruins than of a modem fbrtificai> 
 tion, iiince 'the treaty of Utrecht. The climate, like the soil, 
 is abdminable at Louisbouig,: clouds of thick fogs, which 
 eome from the south-west, cover it, generally from the month 
 of April until the end of July, to such a degree that sometimes 
 fdr aitoonth together they never see the sun, at the same time 
 that there is bright clear weather at the distance of two or 
 three leagues from it ; and the country to the distance of five 
 or six leagues is a poor, mi^rable soil— hills, rocks, swamps', 
 lakes and morasses— incapable of producing anything. Al* 
 thoei^ the ground in general of Cape Breton is lean and 
 gravelljr, iii the tout I made all over the island with the Count 
 de Rayteond, then Governor of it, I sa^ matiy placeii capable 
 ef yielding rich harvests of all kinds of grain, if cultivated. 
 
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 We saw the trials that the inhabitants had made even of 
 wheat, which promised a plentiful crop. 
 
 There is a vast number of beautiful natural meadoMTS With 
 hay above two feet high, which rots everj year without being 
 cut ; and although we scarce found sixty heaci of blaek cattle 
 in all the island, I am fully persuaded that the product of tli^se 
 meadows in hay is sufficient to nourish thirty thousand dfthettf; 
 
 But it would not have been for the interest of the Int6ikd&titi$ 
 that the island should produce the necessary subsistence of ItsI 
 inhabitants, as the means of their heaping up riches prbdsMt^ 
 from the immense number of ships sent yearly from FVaii6b,' 
 loaded with flour and salt provisions, which they embeziiefb)^ 
 their profit and often pass them twice in consumatioo. ^^l[ 
 
 This employment, happily unknown in the British Cohsti-' 
 tution, is the utter rain of the French colonies, and.Hlib^ 
 hindrance to their flourishing by population, as in the Brtti8ti[ 
 establishments, by their tyranny and robberie?.* The efUjf', 
 access of the harbour of Louisbourg for the fishing vess^^St 
 engaged the French to fix there their principal establislimQIity 
 preferably to the Bay llspagnol and Port Dauphin, two of the 
 finest harbours anywhere to be found, and capable to coiitaiu 
 a thousand ships secure from all the windn of the compasq. ' ' 
 
 M. Franquet, Engineer, Brigadier«Q-enerai, was sent to 
 Louisbourg in 17$0, Director-General of the Fortifications^ 
 He passed several years there raising plans, forming* project^, 
 concluding nothing, and consequently executing nothing. J,>^ 
 
 He lived in good friendship and harmony with Pre vest, tha 
 Intendant, enjoying a very large salary, and undoubtedly 
 sharing together the spoils. At length he fixed himself vapon^ 
 a work for Titans : — the removing of monntainp tp levH 
 the eminences of the Potence and Gape Noir ; whicb».ix^ 
 appearance, was concerted with Prevost to serve them as a 
 milch caw for many years, little imagining the proximity oi 
 t|ie wa| that was ready to break out. The arrival «f Iwo 
 regiments from Europe, under Artois and Bourgoyne, the, 
 
 * See Appendix, Note 1. 
 
 O'vil t^WSC^qiitli^ 
 
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Preach fleet who bronght them beitig attacked naar NeW" 
 foundland by the English fleet, who took the man-of-war 
 commanded by M. Hoquarti the French Admiral^ were sure 
 prognofltios of an immediate rapture with the English^ and 
 at length roused Franquet from his lethargy. 
 
 But it was now impossible to mako solid fortifications^ 
 which might have been done during these five years idly and 
 senselessly squandered away. The English fleet having 
 closely pursued the French ships, one of their men-of-waf 
 came to the entry of the harbour, upon which they fired a 
 cannon at it from the battery upon the island, and it was then 
 that they perceived clearly the dismal situation of Louisbourg : 
 the carriage and the platform flew in a thousand pieces ; aQd 
 if the English had known our position, their fleet might have 
 come into the harbour without flny risk from our batteries^ 
 3iot having a single cannon fit to be fired. They might have 
 burnt all the vessels in it and battered the town from the 
 harbour, which must have immediately surrendered. But^ 
 luckily for its, they had no knowledge of our infirmities.* 
 
 This alarm had a very good eflect. Franquet became stupid^ 
 not knowing where to begin reparations, as alt was equally 
 in a pitiful condition. Nevertheless, the palisades, platform, 
 and all the cannon-carriages were immediately renewed ; the 
 fosses were cleared of the rubbish *, a double covert-Way was 
 made at the wesi gate, Port Dauphine ; ' the glacis were 
 repaired ; and a half-moon, between the Port de la Reine and 
 (!>ape Noir, was begun and carried on briskly by the soidiers 
 el the garrison. 
 
 Fifteein English men-of-war planted themselves before the 
 harbour of Louisbourg, and remained there, like sentries, alt 
 the summer of 1755, taking all the French vessels from Europe 
 loaded with pT0Visi6c3 ibir the garrison. 
 
 Two English sixty-gun ships^ with two tenders of about 
 twenty^fcur 'guiis, stationed themselves, early in the year 
 1756, before Louisboug, and took all the French vessels in 
 oar sight. A largie merchant-ship with eight pieces of cannon, 
 
 * 8m Appendix, Note 2. 
 
9 
 
 loaded with flonr, wine, and salt proviuons, waa ohaaed by 
 them, bat escaped and got into the harbour of Menadon. 
 Upon this news I was detached, with the Chevalier de 
 Cfaambou, for tlie defence of the ship, having with us fifty 
 soldiers and twenty cannoneers. The (ihevalier was an 
 extremely good-natured man, very brave, but an excessively 
 ignorant officer, and he comtnanded the detachment. The 
 favorable position of the small creek ic the Bay Menadon was 
 so apparent, that in a moment I formed a plan for our defence. 
 I proposed to bring the ship within two points (d d), which 
 are about forty feet high, and about an hundred fathoms distant 
 from each other, instead of having it without them ; leave four 
 of the cannons to gami8h*one side of the vessel moored across, 
 and place the othe^ four, two in battery upon each of the other 
 two points or capes, which flanked the vessel ; that would 
 have served as a curtain, and by their height overlooking the 
 English tenders from our two batteries upon them, our 
 musketry and cannon would have swept their decks, aiming 
 at the sailors at the distance of a very small musket-shot, and 
 killing them, as partridges, as soon as any of them appeared 
 for the working of the ship. We had a vidette upon Cape 
 
 (f) — , opposite to the island of Scattery, with frequent 
 
 patrols all along the coast to the Bay of Mir6, and we were 
 *in safety, sheltered behind by the thick woods, well assured 
 that the English would not be so foolish as to expose them- 
 selves to be cut to pieces by rashly attempting to cross 
 through them. 
 
 The Chevalier Chambou answered me, when proposed 
 to him this plan, '* That the Governor's orders were to defend 
 the ship, and that he knew no other way of defending it than 
 by being aboard of it with the detachment." As ignorance 
 and obstinacy are ever inseparable, it was in vain that I 
 insisted that to follow my advice was the only means of saving 
 the ship ; that otherwise we must be taken by the English 
 men-oi-war ; and I could liot even prevail upon him to draw 
 the ship within the two capes, though there was a sufficient 
 depth of water for it : so we all embarked to wait on 
 board the issue of this unequal combat. What a cursed 
 
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 jttd6 is fordine ? — Offioera of the gieatesi merit, knowledge, 
 capacity and talent, often pass all their life withou; sneeting 
 with a faToorable opportunity of^ distinguishing theiliselTes ; 
 whilst she is continually throwing happy occasions to the 
 ignorant, who cannot profit by them — sometinres, indeed, as a 
 stmnbling-biock to help them to break their necks. 
 
 Next morning, the two English tenders came up the Bay of 
 Afenadott to attack us ; but, luckily, the first of them strcek 
 upon a sandy bank before they had got within canncxi-shot of 
 us^ which sA^ed us from being taken prisoners in the most 
 stupid and senseless manner. They immediately returned to 
 their fomo^r station, at the entry df the Bay, to watch our 
 ship. After being several days at Menadon, always aboard 
 the vessel, and ecmtinualiy in apprehension pf a second attack 
 of the tendiers to snatch their prey, all of a sudden the two 
 sisty-gnn ships passed by the mouth of the bay, steering south, 
 the tenders following them, so that in an instant we lost sight 
 of our guardians that had given m^^ the most lively pain and 
 uteasineto from the beginning of the war. This was owing 
 to our ha^ ' g the appearance of being prisoners, caused by 
 the want of common sense and capacity in the ignorant 
 commander of the detachment. >iu ij.i 
 
 We could not imagine the reason of their quitting so abruptly 
 the blockade unt.il about an hour nfter, when we had the 
 joyful sight of two French sixty-gun ships— the " Hero," 
 commanded by M. Bossier, and the " Illustre," by M. 
 Montalley, with two French tenders, one of them commaaded 
 by M. Brugnon, attached to the " Hero»" and the other by M. 
 dc la Rigaudiere, attached to the " lUustre," steering their 
 course to Louisbourg, which was five leagues from Menadon. 
 
 The English men-of-war, continuing their course to the 
 south, passed by the town, leaving the entry of the harbour 
 free to the French men-of-war, who immediately went in and 
 cast their anchors. 
 
 M. Bossier, who commanded the squadron, employed the 
 night in landing every thing that could encumber the ships, 
 and in making all the necessary preparations to fight imm^<' 
 diately these English men-of-war. The match was equal. i> 
 
 i 
 
 ;f 
 
1' 
 
 I 
 
 ' 
 
 J. 
 
 11 
 
 ^ tIaVittg dakfed for volunteers, all the garrisoti ofiered to 
 (^tubelrk with hiiii) but he only took about two hundred seamen, 
 and next morning went out of the harbour with his squadron 
 in quest of the English ships, who were as yet in sight of 
 Louisbourg, about five leagues south. When he had got to 
 the distance of only half a league from them, he hailed the 
 " Illustre," told Montalley that he was going to begin the 
 dance^ and asked if he could count upon him. Montalley 
 replied that the " Illustre" would follow him, and be as soon 
 engaged as the " Hero j" upon which Bossier, in the **Hero,*' 
 and Brugnon^ in the tender, crowded sail, and in an instant 
 begun the fight ; whilst the ^' Illustre*' remained always at 
 the same distance without ever advancing, in order to sacrifice 
 Bossier out of jealousy. Such conduct is happily unknown 
 in the British service, where prompt chastisement is propor- 
 tioned to crime, without any regard to the position of the 
 parties. But m the French service, where there is neither 
 reward nor punishment, these adventures are common. 
 
 Bossier was a man of no family; — a brave, honest and 
 expert seaman, he had pushed himself forward in the service 
 by superior merit and capacity. And such a man is always 
 an eye-sore to the French nci/al officers, who are mostly men 
 of high families, but greatly ignorant of the science of naviga- 
 tion. In short. Bossier sustained the fight during five or six 
 hours, until his ship was quite shattered and there remained 
 no possibility of working it. All this time Montalley was 
 looking on without coming to his assistance, though he was 
 engaged with two English men-of-war, each of them of the 
 same size and carrying ihe same number of guns as the 
 ** Hero." Upon retiring, M. Bossier passed by the " Illustre," 
 when M. Montalley, perceiving that the two English ships were 
 as much disabled as the *^ Hero," proposed to him to renew 
 the conibat. He answered Montalley, that it was no more in 
 his power to do it, since he had the greatest difficulty to keep 
 the " Hero" irom sinking. ~ - 
 
 Montalley's infamous behaviour was known all over the 
 town so soon as the squadron was anchored in the L arbour. 
 Nevertheletiis the Governor of I'isle Royale, captain of a 
 
m 
 
 man-of-war, and Montalley's friend, patched up immediately 
 a certificate, " That the *^ lllustre" was becalmed and could 
 not advance to attack the English for want of wind !" The 
 worthy, good-natured Bossier had the indulgence to sign it. 
 
 Mr. Parry, lieutenant of one of the English men-of-war, 
 came next day to Louisbourg with a flag of truce. Th3 
 instant he came out of the boat, he asked us, with vehemence 
 and impatience, *' Who was the lion that fought our two ships 
 in such an incredible manner that they were quite disabled — 
 ready to sink, and must have surrendered themselves if the 
 other man-of-war had come up to attack us?" 
 
 When M. Bossier was presented to the King, on his return 
 to France, the King remarked, '* Bossier, they say that you 
 would have taken the two English men-of-war, if you had 
 been assisted by Montalley ?" Such was his mildness and 
 modesty, at a moment when a single word from him was 
 capable of drawing a terrible vengeance on his adversary, that 
 he answered the King thus — ^^ Sire, the wind failed him, and 
 he suffered all that a gallant man of honour was capable of 
 feeling.'* It has always appeared to me, that the bravest and 
 greatest heroes are always of a soft and amiable disposition.* 
 
 The miserable and ill-chosen portion of the locale at Louis- 
 bourg, commanded by eminences and irredeemable by art, 
 made every one see that their only hope lay in opposing the 
 enemy's landing — ^which was always, in my opinion, a very 
 feeble resource. To this effect all the garrison wrought hard, 
 early in the year 1757, in retrenching all the bays and creeks 
 of the coast, susceptible of a descent, to the distance of about 
 two leagues from the town. They established, at the same 
 time, signals by smoke in the day time upon the different 
 capes to the distance of Port Toulouse, twenty leagues to the 
 south of Louisbourg ; which w^as done in daylight, by throw- 
 ing wet hay into the fires that served as night-signals. These 
 signals were to be used whenever they perceived the English 
 fleet. By this means we had the news in a very few minutes 
 of what passed at twenty leagues distance from the town. 
 
 • See Appendix, Note 3. 
 
 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 t 
 
 i » > 
 
 -•^ ( ^ 
 
 I 
 
 I 
 
 V I ■, 
 
 ri rf I 
 
 .i,J«,jH I 
 
 '/, 
 
T' 
 
 13 
 
 I 
 
 i 
 
 i » > 
 
 •» ( *■ 
 
 
 i M. le Chevalier Eeaufremont, now Prince de Listenay, 
 arrived at Louisbourg, from St. Domiugo, with five ships of 
 the line ; four others, from Toulon, came there soon after 
 him ; and at last arrived nine ships of the line from Brest, 
 with Mons. Bois de la Motte, commander-in-chief; — ^which 
 formed a powerful and beautiful tieet, well equipped, of 
 eighteen men-of-war, besides several frigates from twenty-four 
 to forty guns. It seemed to us but poor policy in the Court 
 of France to send them- thus separately in divisions, risking 
 their capture by the English in detail. i>.^ij jjj j^,^, 
 
 ' Soon after their arrival, the signal of smoke upon the south 
 point of the entry into the Bay Gabarus, announced to us the 
 approach of the English fleet. The garrison immediately 
 took arms and marched out to take their different posts in the 
 retrenchments, where they passed the night, and the next 
 day they encamped, leaving a very few troops for the service 
 ofthetown. .^;v^5■-■'',- ■ ■-,■ .• -■•;^' .-,,.-•; ^ ■>-,-': ,. 
 
 We saw the signal at noon, and bejfore sunset all the 
 English fleet appeared near to our trenches. » • <r 
 
 We expected they would land immediately, and all our 
 men were in high spirits and well prepared to receive them. 
 
 *" The French troops remained encamped on shore in the 
 bays ; while the French and British fleets lay looking at each 
 other — one of them within the harbour, and the other at the 
 
 entrV of it ""'^'"' •sN-lo'riHVj-n) i»r\cn iflt f^fis t^f ■.■»>rft i-r<'-^V ,'. •nti' 
 
 When the month of September came, the equinox brought 
 the most furious tempest ever known in the memory of man. 
 The sea at the same time rose to such a prodigious height, 
 that Ferdinand de Chambou, the officer on guard at the' 
 '* Gr&ve,'' was obliged to quit his post with bis detachment, 
 to avoid beiiig drowned, after standing their ground until the 
 water was up to their knees. It began about twelve at night, 
 and continued with the same force until twelve next day at 
 noon. The evening before bding fair, clear and calm, the 
 English fleet was in its usual station near the entry of the 
 harbour, and everybody imagined it impossible for them to 
 
\4 
 
 get clear of tlie land and avoid being dashed ag.lifi3t i(i0 
 irodcs ! the next nKirtiing we expected to see the coast all 
 covered with wrecks^ 
 
 ^ The inhabitants frdiii the dotllitry brdtight ns each momerit 
 news of the dismal stiite of the English fleet. All their ships 
 Were shattered and dispersed ; five of them were seen together^ 
 driving before the wind towards Newfoundland, withont 
 masts. 
 
 Seveml others Were in the same condition. A fifty-gun 
 ship was lost at the distance of four leagues from LoUisbourg ; 
 but the Crew beiag saved, a detachment was immediately sent 
 to them to prevent their being butchered by the Indians. Id 
 shctttj it i^as evident that five French men-of-war, if they had 
 gone out of the harbour in quest of the English, would havel 
 been stiifficient to pick up and take all that was left of th|f 
 English fleet. 
 
 M. Bois de la Motte held a council of war aboard his ship y 
 but almost all of the council were against the flefet's |foing 
 out of the harbour. 
 
 Prince Listenay insisted on it, without effect.* Some said 
 the season was too far advanced to enable them to return ^ 
 and others, tiiat another storm might happen and reduce them 
 to the same condition as the English. M. fiois de ia Motte 
 told them, that he had executed his orders, which were '' ta 
 save liouisbourg ;" and that it was now in safety for this 
 year. Thus they let slip the most favourable opportunity for 
 destroying the English fleet — to the dishonour of the French 
 marine. All the oncers of the troops were enraged at the 
 pusillanimity of the council. An English admiral would 
 have eagerly seized this favour from Fortune ; nor, indeed, 
 would he have |cept loitering all the summer in the harbour, 
 insulted by an inferior fleet continually in his sight. In war, 
 it is well to know your enemy : but the English act in a 
 contemptible manner, as though they had a thorough know- 
 ledge of the French navy. 
 
 As the English fleet intercepted all the vessels from France 
 with provisions^ a dearth soon began to appear at Louisbouig. 
 The French fleet before setting sail for Europe, towards the 
 
15 
 
 end of October, left in the King's magazine all the provisions 
 they could spare, reserving for themselves only what was 
 barely necessary to carry tbom to France. However, thig 
 supply was far from being sufficient to remove the horribi ; 
 prospect of a famine and of passing the winter in want and 
 misery. But we were most agreeably surprised by the arrival 
 of a man of-war, on the 6th of January, 1758, commanded by* 
 M. Doloboratz, loaded with wine, flour, salt meat, and other : 
 provisions, and having her cannon in the hold, for ballast* 
 Hitherto it had been thought impossible to navigate in these 
 seas at that season. 
 
 Doloboratz brought up positive news that the English were 
 making great preparations for the siege of Louisbonrg, an^. 
 that we should certainly have a visit from them very early in 
 the spring. Thus we often dread what is the farthest from us. 
 
 The unlooked-for arrival of that man-of-war produced in a 
 moment comfort and plenty. His report was in effect verified, 
 for the English fleet appeared before Louisbonrg at the begin- 
 ning of June. The English made their descent upon us about 
 the 8th of June. This was performed by them with compara- 
 tive ease, owing to their pouring a hot fire from their fleet 
 upon our retrenchments, which were deft^nded with the 
 greatest bravery by the troops. -;, •' .-> ;^i^ t.». k.^.,; ...a.r: 
 
 They advanced in their barges towards the two large bays, 
 each of them about a hundred geometrical paces in circum- 
 ference, and at a place where about thirty boats might enter 
 and land their troops. M. de St. Julien, with his regiment 
 of Artois, was posted in the bay upon the right; and M. 
 Marin, with his regiment of Bourgogne and the troops of the 
 Colony, had the defence of the bay upon the left. There 
 were several small cireek^ between the two bays, and the 
 whole extent of coast to be defended was about half a league. 
 The English maintained their attack a long time without 
 being further advanced than the loss of a great number of 
 men, and without being able to force the retrenchments. A 
 struggling barge, that in appearance had been repulsed front 
 the bays, discovered a small creek where two boats could 
 enter at the same time. This creek was upon the l6(t of the 
 
16 
 
 regiment of Artoi«, and, through negligence, was left wiihout 
 a guard, although it was so surely comprehended in 
 the general plan of defence the year before, that in the 
 summer of 1757, I was posted there with a de ichment. 
 Within the creek the land was at least twenty feet high, and 
 the English troops were obliged to climb it in disorder before 
 they could effect a landing. It was currently reported that 
 two or three Indians, who were there by chance, knocked 
 down twenty or thirty of the first who attempted to climb it. 
 
 As it was Indian news, the veracity of it might well have 
 been doubted ; although it is certain that, with fifty men, I 
 would have hindered any number from landing at that spot. 
 This barge gave a signal to the others to follow, and at last 
 they all slipped away from the two bays, without being 
 remarked by the French in the retrenchments, until several 
 thousand of English soldiers had been landed and drawn up 
 in battle array, having cut off the regiment of Artois from the 
 rest of our troops. 
 
 So soon as M. de St. Julien perceived them, he drew his 
 regiment out of the trencheS; formed them in a column, told 
 them that they must cut their way through the English, to 
 rejoin their comrades, or perish in the attempt ; and, advan- 
 cing resolutely, the English suffered them to pass unmolested. 
 
 The French troops then made their retreat to the town, 
 slowly, and in the greatest order. .^'nu^ a it; 1> '3 
 
 The regiment of the Volontaires Etrangers arrived from 
 France in time to be present at the descent, as was also the 
 regiment of Cambyse. 
 
 Bellestat and Langdalo, the two captains of the Grenadiers 
 of Artois and Burgoyne, were wounded and taken prisoners 
 by the English ; their two second lieutenants, Savary and 
 Romainville, were killed ; Mosque, aid-major of Artois, and 
 his brother, wounded ; Brouzede, captain of Bourgoyne, 
 wounded ; a lieutenant and five-and-t.wenty men of the 
 Volontaires Etrangers were taken prisoners ; two officers of 
 the Colony troops wounded. , , , 
 
 »» 
 
 l^ 
 
 - 
 
It 
 
 ^ f 
 
 M 
 
 ») 
 
 h 
 
 
 tt was now that the turpitude of Provost and Fraoque! 
 (who had drawu M. Drucourt, Gkvemor of Pisle Royalet into 
 their cabal) appeared plain to all, and drew upon them th9 
 maledictions of all the garrison. 
 
 They could now make only very superficial works, that 
 might prolong the siege for a short time, but which could not 
 hinder Louisbou/g, the key of Canada, from being taken.* 
 
 As all the mason work oi the fortifications was crumbled 
 down, he lined the walls with fascines ; which was a very 
 poor resource. He made a trench, all along the key from 
 Port Dauphine to the G-r&ve, with traverses, to shelter them 
 from the enemy's fire. The ends of all the streets werq 
 retrenched ; and Franquet, after having refused for some yeani 
 to listen to a project for making a redoubt upon Cape Noir, 
 which he might have made impregnable by cutting and 
 shaping the rock in the most advantageous manner, was at 
 last obliged to have recourse to it, and place there a battery 
 of five pieces oi cannon upon the stump that remained of it, 
 to enfilade the English trenches — making a retrenchment of 
 communication to it from the half-moon that covered the 
 *' Porte de la Reine," which was only a distance of about 
 fifty paces from Cape Noir. ^ ,. ^^,. , ^^^„ 
 
 They sunk five ships at the entry of the harbour : I'AppoUon, 
 50 guns ; la Fidelle and la Chevre, each oi 32 guns ; la Ville 
 de St. Malo, and an English prize. 
 
 There remained five men-of-war, commanded by the 
 Marquis de Goutte, — le Prudent et PEntreprenant, of 74 guns 
 each, and le Celebre, le Bienfaisant, la Capricieuse, of 74 guns 
 each ; with the frigate PArethuse, of 36 guns, commanded 
 by M. Vaudin. 
 
 M. de Goutte established himself in the town, with the 
 officers and crews of these five men-of-war, leaving only a 
 small guard on board each of them. They landed at the samiS' 
 time their gunpowder, which they placed in two small 
 bnildingsi near the Battery Salvere, and made them boDil^ 
 
 * Su Appendix, Not« 4. 
 
 u<niUn-\ in jrfjfoio f^^-iv«v> 
 
 Q 
 
 ■■?lW?.ft<j 
 
 A/: 
 
IS 
 
 proof, by covering them with tons* weight of tobacco, whit^h 
 was in great plenty at Lonisbourg, brought ihnre by the 
 French privateers from the English prizes. Vanclin remain- 
 ing alone in the Arethuse, which lay armed in the harbour, 
 was useful in the siege, and behaved himself like a lion. 
 
 ' The English opened their trenches about two hundred 
 geometrical paces from the Port Dauphine, covered from the 
 fire of the town by a small curtain or hillock at the foot of 
 the eminence of the Potence. Vauelin, m the Arethuse, 
 Approached their works, enfiladed their trenches, and vexed 
 and galled them in such a manner, that they were obliged to 
 stop their work at the trenches and begin to make epaule- 
 ments to cover themselves from the frigate. "'•* 
 
 Whenever they opened anew, Boyan Vauelin was upon 
 them ; and he dre ^ off their attention for some time from the 
 siege, in order to put themselves in safety irom the fire of the 
 Arethuse, by raising batteries against it. !n short, Vauelin 
 having annoyed the English for a month and retarded their 
 approaches to the town, and seeing that his frigate could no 
 more incommode them, he proposed to the Governor to charge 
 himself with his despatches, with which he would pass through 
 the English fleet and carry them to France. !^ .^, 
 
 . The Marquis de 6outte,who was present when the proposal 
 was made, told the Grovernor that Vauelin might still be useful 
 at Louisbourg. " Yes, par Dieu /" replied Vauelin, " if you 
 will give me one of your men-of-war that are laid up doing 
 nothing, you shall see that I will do more with the frigate 
 than I have done yet !" .■,.,'■ • i « j ■ 
 
 The Governor gave Vauelin his letters, and the Arethuse 
 set sail for France the i5th of July, where they anived safely.* 
 
 - So soon as the English were landed at the Pbinte Plate, 
 they erected a battery of ten pieces of cannon, two mortars <^ 
 18 inches, and eighteen mortars of seven to eight inches. AH 
 this battery was transported to the following places, viz. :-— A 
 battery of seven pieces of cannon and two mortars between 
 
 ,f -^vvf- (&ii.'uvi>|\j^. i*t.- 
 
 i 
 
 4 i ;> 
 
 
 • See Appendix, Note 5. 
 
% 
 
 
 i 
 
 the batterie Royale and the road to Miry. A battery of five 
 pieces of cannon upon the left of Marquichange ; — with a 
 retrenchment between these two batteries. 
 
 The sixteen mortars between this last battery and the brook 
 St. Esprit — with a block-house on each side of the road to 
 Miry or Rouille. 
 
 A retrenchment upon the left o^the brook St. Esprit, belo# 
 the retrenchment in going to the town — with another retrench- 
 ment having a fosse bef re it. 
 
 Upon the left of these two retrrnufiments, leading towards 
 Gabarus, a battery of six pieces < f cannon ; and, a"; its side, a 
 battery of mortars between G-abarus and the Pointe Plate. 
 
 Their camp — with four redoubts palisaded. 
 * Another palisaded redoubt — with a boyau extending to 
 the Pointe Blanche. 
 
 At twenty-five geometrical steps from it, another retrench- 
 roent — with a boyau and a battery of ten pieces of cannon 
 and mortars at this retrenchment, where they opened at first 
 the trenches, and afterwards at two hundred fathoms from the 
 bastion Dauphine. They had likewise several other small 
 batteries and retrenchments. 
 
 M. Marin, lieutenant-colonel of the regiment of 6ourgoyne, 
 commanded a sally from the town with 650 men, on the night 
 between the 8lh and 9th of July, with the object of dislodging 
 a post of 900 English who sustained their workmen. 
 
 He took prisoner an engineer, a lieutenant of grenadiers, and 
 killed, according to the French account, 400 men. 
 
 The French lost in that affair Chauvelin, captain in the 
 regiment of Bourgoyne, killed ; and Des Maille, captain of 
 the same regiment, wounded ; Jarnache, lieut. of grenadiers 
 in Artois, wounded ; Garseman, captain in the Colony troops, 
 killed *, and 70 privates killed or wounded It was said that 
 the French iiilled one another, which often happens in night 
 expeditions. 
 
 Next day there was a suspension of hostilities, in order to 
 bury the dead. 
 
 The English, in their barges, burnt four of the French ships 
 of the line in the harbour. Bat it was more surprising that 
 
■PRI 
 
 they could find means to suffer the ** Bienfaisant," of 64 guns, 
 to be taken and carried off by these barges, whose decks were 
 so prodigiously high above them. This was a subject of 
 great speculation, and it became a problem which they could 
 never solve. The land officers looked upon it with admiration 
 as inconceivable and surpassing their imagination. The 
 barracks, the governmentJbouse, and the church, were burnt 
 to the ground by the carcasses and bombs thrown continually 
 from the batteries, end, according to the loyal English method 
 of destroying the houses, which in no wise can advance the 
 siege, the town was soon reduced to a heap of ruins. 
 
 When the Marquis des Herbiers retook possession of I'isle 
 Royale in 1749, he established there the most strict discipline, 
 and the service was performed at Louisbourg with as much 
 regularity as in any fortified place in Europe. 
 
 This made that town looked upon as the Athens of the 
 French colonies. Joubert, captain of the Colony troops — an 
 officer of the greatest knowledge, and one of the best instructed 
 in the art of war — proposed in 1757, in case of a siege, to 
 keep the field with a detachment of volunteers, Canadians, 
 Acadians, and Indians, in order to vex and fatigue the English. 
 His plan was to be always in ambuscade, and fall upon their 
 detachments whenevc^r they approached the woods in quest 
 of fascines, gabions, and other such things necessary in sieges. 
 
 His proposal was regarded as well-concerted and useful, 
 and was adopted in the general project of defence. But 
 instead of entrusting the execution of it to Joubert — as he 
 wished that opportunity to distinguish himself and put his 
 theory into practice — M. DeVaudreuil, Governor-General of 
 Canada, gave the commission for that operation to Boishebert, 
 a Canadian officer of favour at Quebec, most ignorant and 
 irresolute of any man I ever met with, excepting at pilfering 
 from the King's magazines at Naraghicky, in Acadie, where 
 he commanded. 
 
 Bbisbebert came early in the ^ring to Louisbourg, with a 
 detachment of several hundred men, twelve Canadian officers 
 with him, and six others from the garrison of Louisbourg. 
 He kept his detachment concealed with such prudence at 
 
 f 
 
 %■■ y 
 
 ^1- 
 
 \ 
 
 ,' I * 
 
 I , 
 
 '^ 'JjjSWSa lSm' 
 
*> i, 
 
 4. 
 
 4' 
 
 * > I* 
 
 Miry, during the nege, five leagnet from Lattisboarg, that 
 neither the English nor the garrison had ever any news of 
 them. 
 
 It is a cruel situation for brave men to be shut op within 
 bad fortifications — far worse for them than open fields^ wtere 
 a good genera] may balance a deficiency in numbers against 
 a wise choice of position. They adopted at Louisbourg the 
 maxim — ^that men of courage Were the best fortifioationsk 
 
 Each cannon-shot from the English batteries shook and 
 brought down immense pieces of its ruinous walls, so that in 
 a short cannonade the Bastion du Roi, the Bastion Danphine, 
 and the communication between them, were entirely demol- 
 ished. The cannons were dismounted^ all the defences 
 ruined, and all the parapets and banquets rased, and presented 
 the appearance of one continuous breach open everywhere to 
 an assault. Such was their position ; and, when reduced to 
 the last extremity, they beat the charnade. 
 
 The garrison was made prisoners of war, transported to 
 England, and being soon after exchanged, returned to France.f 
 The inhabitants, according to the capitulation, were sent to 
 Roohelle. 
 
 I append here the English account of what they found at 
 Louisbourg, though it is not just as regards tht) strength of the 
 garrison. The regiments of Artois and Bourgoyne consisted, 
 each of them, of 500 men and 40 snpemnmerarfes when they 
 arrived complete at Louisbourg in the year 1755 ; and the 
 Colony troops were for a long time before the siege without 
 receiving recruits, cu tj''?tl;>«t7<'i) wv^cu riH'^i-'-// jvui^ tib^**? 
 
 The defence of Louisbourg, which was invested the 8th of 
 June, and resisted until the dOth of July, did great honour to 
 the garrison who defended it so long with such iniamoua 
 fortifications. ■■^ £«> 'jjjsiviM-Kii »us iur-{fi4(>)_i;/>'.i ^vtiiiii-j'., 
 < All the troops behaved themselves with the greatest intre- 
 pidity and resolution. 
 
 There were no animosities or jealousies amongst the 
 
 different legimeQts which composed it, bat ail of them were 
 
 
II f- 
 
 unanimous lor the common good, and full of harmony and 
 union. It it true, that all of them bad the most sovereign 
 contempt for the sea officers of the French squadron, which 
 contempt their dastardly and base conduct justly mtsrited. 
 ^ Franquet's head quite turned upon his arrival in France, 
 and he died a few weeks after of grief. 
 I' From the true and impartial account that I have given of 
 these campaigns in North America, any person without 
 prejudices must see that Fortune constantly iought for the 
 English ; while the continual blunders and ill-conduct of the 
 French only served them as auxiliaries. 
 
 Were the English prudent and wise, they would avoid war, 
 as it can give them no more than they have ; while war, in 
 which prosperity and adversity approach one another so nearly, 
 might tumble them down lower than they have ever yet been. 
 They should not imagine that France will stupidly temporize 
 a second time until all her sailors were prisoners in England ; 
 but she would send out, upon the first hostilities, all her 
 frigates and privateers, which if they had done, according to 
 the proportion of the merchant ships of the two nations, there 
 would have been twenty English sailors prisoners in France 
 for one French sailor in England. The attention of the 
 English should be fixed upon the means of preserving their 
 immense conquests, without extending their territory or 
 gratifying their ambition. >" hftn 
 
 f> Such has ever been the fate of extensive empires arrived at 
 their full ripeness in glory : they bare become crushed by 
 their own weight, have dwindled to nothing, and their 
 grandeur has burst amid ruin and destruction, asiftb £Hit^ 
 ' It is easier to acquire great and extensive territories than it 
 is to preserve them, jjaot rs*^ ix oaoaafj*? orw coeptiiB-^ 
 
 Of all the projects for the fortifying of Louisbourg, that of 
 having no fortifications at all, excepting a few redoubts to 
 protect the fishery, always appeared to me to be the most 
 judicious, — ^transplanting the capital town of I'isle Royale to 
 some favourable position in the interior of the country, and 
 only by surrounding it with palisades to keep the Indians at 
 a respectful distance. It is now clearly demonstrated, that 
 
 J 
 
 V 
 
 i 
 
 \Wt IW 
 
 ^^!v 
 
^Ki i 1 
 
 23 
 
 every town attacked in a regular manner must be taken : in 
 which case it serves the enemy for a retreat, shelters them 
 against surprises, and puts them in a position to defy superior 
 numbers. Such was the idea of Cardinal Ximenes, who 
 destroyed all the fortifications in Navarre, except Pampelune, 
 which was done in the strongest manner. By this means he 
 repulsed the repeated invasions of the French, and preserved 
 that country to the crowu of Spain. 
 
 The Marshal of Montmorency did the same when Charles 
 y. invaded Provence, and had the same success as Ximenes. 
 Had not Quebec been fortified, the English, notwithstanding 
 their gaining the battle of the ISth of September, must, of ne- 
 cessity, have been obliged to re-embark and evacuate Canada. 
 ' ' They could not have kept the field in that cold country after 
 the month of October, nor remained there cantoned without 
 being certainly cut to pieces by the Canadians and the Indiana 
 during the winter. 
 
 Thus it is evident that the fortifications of that town, which 
 afiorded a safe residence for the English army, and secured 
 them from the attacks of the French, was the sole cause of 
 their becoming masters of that vast country. A victorious 
 army may run over an open country, though it be populous, 
 and make them submit ; but without fortified places the 
 conquerors, to be able to keep them in subjection, must have 
 always in their new possession the same army that subduiBd 
 them. 
 
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- ' -,# tf Iji t 
 
 APPENDIX. 
 
 1. — ^The Intendante of the French colonies have an equal 
 authority with the Governors; bat as they are supported by 
 the protection of the clerks of the Marine Office, who are 
 always in society with them and share the pillage, the 
 Secretary of State for the Marine is constantly deaf to the. 
 complaints of the Governors, Prevost, t^e Intendant of Tisle 
 Royale, was one of the greatest rascals that ever escuped the 
 gibbet ; and if he had been poor, they would have rendered 
 him jastice in hanging him. On his arrival in France, he 
 was clapped in the Bastile, where he was confined for some 
 time ; but as gold there is the favourite idol he was at lengtb 
 liberated without a trial, and is now again employed ai; 
 Intendant at Port I'Orient. M. de la Porte, first clerk in the 
 Marine Office for the Department of the Colonics, retired a 
 few years ago with a revenue of 3,000 livres a-year— 12,500 
 guineas English ! 
 
 How incredibly must the King of France have been robbed, 
 that la Porte's share of the booty, with the Intendant's, should 
 amount to such a prodigious sum ! It is a common saying 
 in France, that they only hang the little thieves, and not the 
 great ones. A French author says : — ** The Intendants and 
 Gt)vernors go to the colonies with the view to enrich them- 
 selves, and at their embarking they leave their honour and 
 probity in France, easily forgetting to be just and honest." 
 
 2.— M. Guibert says : — " Courage is certainly the true 
 r&mpart oi towns. They don't reflect enough that there is no 
 defence but that which is offensive and that which multiplies 
 the objects to the besiegers." 
 
 The garrison of Louisbonrg may affirm, with justice, that 
 they had only Guiberi's ramparts for the defence of that town. 
 
26 
 
 S. — M. de la Rigandiere, captain of Montalley's tender, 
 hanged himself on his return to Rochefort; so that not a 
 reproach was made to Montalley^ wlio continued to be 
 employed until he perished in Conflan's sea-fight, by tacking 
 without shutting his port-holes. His ship snuk in an instant, 
 and not a man was saved. 
 
 4. — What an author says of the Roman Proconsuls and 
 Questors, may be justly applied to the Intendants and Govemors 
 of the French colonies : — ^'^ Mutual spies upon each other, or 
 accomplices in the same crimes. They cannot be in good 
 intelligence together withdut ruining the Province, nor dis- 
 agree without causing in it disorder and confusion." 
 
 5. — 1 bewail, with tears, the sad fate of that unfortunate 
 hero, Yauclin, who having commanded a frigate during two 
 years at the Islands of Bourbon and France with his usual 
 distinguished and remarkably good conduct, on returning to 
 France, by the tinjust ill-treatment -which he received from 
 M. de Borgues in 1773, then Minister of Marine, he shot 
 himselfthrough the head. ^^^^- ^ '^-^! ^^' h^>tnx?iiir 
 
 ' I cannot excuse him for his rashness, as the ingratitude he 
 met wish was in common with all good officers in the French 
 service.' - ■-'"^- ^'' ■ ■ '^ ''^« -f-^^''' '^■'^^ 
 
 6.— Louisbourg surrendered on the 26th of July, 1758. ^^' ;; 
 
 
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•^4 
 
 LE CHEVALIER JOHNSTONE. 
 
 
 In concluding the last narrative of Campaigns, attributed 
 to the Chevalier Johnstone, it may not be out of place to som 
 up his chequered career, in the words borrowed from William 
 Howitt, in his description of the battle-field of CuUoden, of 
 which the unlucky Chevalier left such an interesting account. 
 Mr. Howitt says : — 
 
 ^ The Chevalier Johnstone's history is a romance of real 
 life, to the fall as iateresting, and abounding with hair-breadth 
 escapes, as the tales of the author of Waverley ; and, indeed, 
 frequently reminds you of his characters and incidents. Tho 
 chevalier was the only son of James Johnstone, merchant in 
 Edinburgh. His family, by descent and alliance, was 
 conne jted with some of the first houses in Scotland. His sister 
 Cecilia was married to a son of Lord Rollo, who succeeded 
 to the title and estate in 1765. The chevalier moved in the 
 best society of the Scottish capital, and was treated by tho 
 then celebrated Lady Jane Douglas with the tenderness of a 
 parent. Educated in Episcopalian and Jacobite principles, 
 on the first intelligence of the landing of Prince Charles 
 Edward, he made his escape from Edinburgh to the seat of 
 Lord Rollo, near Perth, where he waited the arrival of the 
 Prince, and was one of the first low-country gentlemen that 
 joined his standard. He acted as aid-de-camp to Lord 9«orge 
 Murray, and also to the Prince ; and after the battle of 
 Preston-Pans, he received a captain^s commission, and bore 
 a part in all the movements of the rebel army till the defeat 
 at CuUoden. From CuUoden, he escaped with, the utmost 
 peril to Killlhuntly, where Mrs. Gordon, the lady o{ the house, 
 offered to build him a hut in the mountains, and give him a 
 few sheep to look after, so that he might pass for a shepherd ; 
 but the uneasiness of his mind would notalioAr liim to adopt 
 such a life, fie fled to Rothiemurchus, \^heie the young 
 
88 
 
 laird advised him to surrender himself to the government, as 
 he had advised others, particularly Lord Balmerino ; advice 
 which, hfid he adopted it, would have caused his destruction, 
 as it did theirs. From house to house, and place to place, he 
 escaped by the most wonderful chances and under all sorts of 
 disguises. He passed continually amongst the English 
 soldiers busy at their work of devastation, bis blood boiling 
 with fury at the sight, but instant death his fate ii he gave one 
 sign of his feelings. Seventeen days he remained in the 
 house of a very poor peasant, called Samuel, in Glen-Prossen ; 
 Samuel's daughter watching at the entrance of the glen. He 
 was determined to reach Edinburgh if possible, and thence 
 escape to England, and so to the Continent ; but the chances 
 were a hundred to one against him. Every part of the 
 counii/ was overrun with soldiers, every outlet was watched, 
 and heavy penalties denounced on any boatmen who conveyed 
 a rebel across the Tay and Forth. He prevailed, however, 
 with two young ladies to ferry him over the Tay ; but after a 
 dreadful journey on foot into Fifeshire, he found the utmost 
 difficulty in getting across the Forth to Bldinburgh. The account 
 o^ all his negotiations and disappointments at Dubbiesides, 
 where no fisherman would carry nim over ; but where he did 
 at length get carried ovec by a young gentleman and a 
 drunken fisher, is very much in the Waverley manner. After 
 being concealed with an old nurse at Leiih, and partly with 
 Lady Jane Douglas at Drumsheagh — he set out for England as a 
 Scotch pedlar, on a pony. On his way he encountered a Dick 
 Turpin sort of gentleman, and again a mysterious personage, 
 who entered the i nil where he was near Stamford, seated 
 himself at table with him, and after playing away heartily 
 at a piece of cold veal, began to interrogate him about the 
 rebels in Scotland. Escaping from this fellow by the sacrifice 
 of some India handkerchiefs, he got to London, where he lay 
 concealed for a long time amongst his friends — fell into a 
 very interesting love adventure — and saw many of his 
 comrades pass his window on their way to execution. On 
 one occasion he was invited by his landlord as a relaxation, 
 to go and. see two rebels executed on Tower Hill, Lords 
 Kilmarnock and Balmerino ' He finally escaped to Holland, 
 in the train of his friend Lady Jane Douglas ; entered into 
 the service of France, went to Louisbourg in America, and 
 returned to France to poverty and old age ! Such is one 
 recorded life of a Jacobite of the expedition of forty-five, — how 
 many such, and even more wretched, passed vnrecorded !" ; 
 
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