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Les cartes, planches, tableaux, etc., peuvent dtre film6s d des taux de reduction diffdrents. Lorsque Ie document est trop grand pour dtre reproduit en un seul clichd, il est fiim6 d partir de I'angle sup6rieur gauche, de gauche d droite, et de haut en bes, en prenant Ie nombre d'images n«c6ssaire. Les diagrammes suivants illustrent ia mithode. 1 2 3 4 5 * 6 REASONS SUBMITTED IN FAVOUR OF ALLOWING TRANSIT OF mnncnANBizt JTiivoufih Canada to i^rch(aan, ^WITHOUT PAYMENT OF DUTIES : |tH OBSERVATIONS AS TO THE IMPORTANCE OF fffte atfbcv St. aatorcttce TOP. EXTENDINO THE TUADE OF THE CANADAS ANO 3ittt(Bh n i .T,'S'"^ absorbing rence, from its more fmm' , ; V''"" ""^ ^'^ Law! •he great Jakes, or! Xf" •^""''fclion with ''eas, embraces ; more .S't "'"l''-^''' "''and population, whose e^r^re'' ""' <'^"^«1i»g --^orth^brth:fSror.;-t,ir;:i man, De \\ itt Clinton, a name now inscribed on not onlj the public works, but on the hearts of every patriotic citizen of the State of New irork, whose comprehensive mind looked for- ward to the mighty resources of the West, and with the improvement of his native State, infus- ed lite, vigour, and a spirit of improvement to the surrounding States. The chief aim of all the public works of the hta e adverted to, has been, and is, to draw ^ portion ot the commerce under review,— but where are they who but a few years a-o had any conception of the rapid, I will add unparallel- ed growth ot the western territorv, including not only Michigan, the Wisconsin territory, and the valley of the upper Mississippi, but stretching to the north-west, where can calculation rest ? as north of the 37th degree of latituJe, and east of the Kocky Mountains, is a vast country capable of sustaining a population ofYifty millions, and in less than 25 years will number ten millions. VVhere are the limits to such commerce, which, like a tide that no humnn power can control, is now extending over regions hitherto not regard- ed as sources of profit for ages to come, and which trade may be mainly drawn through Can- ada and the St. Lawrence, the outlet desio-u- ed by the Creator, but which the folly of man has and may retard, if not pervert, like many other natural blessings ? I need not state to those who observe the en- ergetic etTorts of the citizens of the United btatesahatif New York, Pennsylvania, or any of the other states of the Union, possessed even a portion of the natural advantages theCanadas en- joy, those vast projects in which they are sever- ally engaged at such an immense expense would never have been entered on, all their elForts would be directed to draw the Atlantic near to the vast territory referred to ; because, however (5 wemny value a home market, the fea-board for nil great operations iruist he looked to. Speak- ing of drawing the Atlantic near to the Rocky Ajountains may he deemed the language of fan- cy, hut measures may he adopted hy which those two points may ho reached in as many hours as days were required heretofore. Surely such may be regarded as drawing them nearer. Two objects demand immediate attention so as to af- Joiu facilities f)r the transport of passengers and light merchandize hy way of Hamilton to the River St. Clair; the other for the transport of heavier merchandize and passengers from To- ronto to Lake Jlin-on. These can he ctTecled by ra-l-roads and tlie improvement of the natur- al channels of communication. I shall briefly shew the various routes in relation to the shores of Lakes Superior ai/d Michigan: as to Lakes Erie, Huron, and Ontario, no question can well arise about them, yet their relative connection with the Atlantic "shall be set forth and will be judged of fliirly in the estimate of all who may nivestigate the subject with their vision nnrlouded by private interests. Lake Oritario stands nearest the ocean in the most direct line from the "far west," M'bether proceeding to New York or Quebec. New V ork stands in the most direct line from Lake Erie, yet the Erie Canal is 3C9 miles to Albany, and upon an average is closed hy frost nearly tive months in the year, while the navigation from the north-east point of Lake Michigan and south part of Lake Superior by the River St Clair, through Lake Erie, and by the proposed Ship Canal round the Fnlls of Niagara, would be equally closed the same period,and is above 1 100 mdes to the port of Oswego, from whence a Ship Canal is also proposed so as to reach New York by way of Albany. A Rail-road is now in pro- gress from Lake Erie to New York ; the dietaiice >vill be about 300 miles, ibe estimateti expense is (en million tlollurs. Tlic Ohio and Cleveland Canal,which aim^ at drawing the trade of the far West to Cincinnati nnd New Orleans, is by the map 301) miles, and from the frost is shut a con- siderable portion of the year; the Canal from LakeErie to the Susquehanna, to reach nallimore, antl to the Delaware to reach Pliiladelphia, are nil truly iinportarit to those Stales, but not calcu- lated to embrace the trade under consideration, all of which are subject to be closed by tlie win- ter frosts also a considerable portion of the year. A canal from Chicago is also in operation, whicli has in view to bear their products to New Or- leans as an outlet : this canal will also be clos- ed by frost. (I regret I have not been able to obtain the distance with greater accuracy, having taken them from the map.) Thus I have brought forward the cliannels opened and in progress in the adjoining States to draw to the ocean that commerce which naturally should be borne by the waters of the St. Lawrence. The next consideration is, what are the facili- ties atTordcd by the St. Lawrence, and how arc those facilities to be rendered available to pro- mote the interest of the Canadas. Before I pro- ceed, I shall again draw attention to the view held by our interprising neighbours. In a memo- rial presented to the Legislature of New York, in the Session of 1 835, in reference to the Trade under consideration, the petitioners set forth : *' We will not undertake to point cut the great improvements in the States of Pennsylvania and Maryland, and those contemplated in Virginia, these are well known, but to the magnificent pro- ject of the British Canadian Provinces, in part executed, for the construction of a Ship Naviga- tion from Lake Ontario to the ocean, and to the probable effects of those improvements upon the future commercial prosperity of the State." And T 8 •gain : "The rxtraordinnry clTDrls now making in the C'!mav' Orleans, one by New York by way ol" Canada and the Hudson, and such Kail-roads as may be auxiliary thereto, and the third by Montreal and Quebec. As to the first, the insalubrity of the climate is an insuperable objection to a regidar trade: it ii one of those natiu'al impediments there i« Do way of countcM'vailing. Pennsylvania is doing much, but the elevated region she is compelled to intersect is a great obstacle to her eilbrts. Thus between INIontreal and JNew York, more equal competition will ensue, for the trade of the upper country. The cheapness of transportation from Lake Ontario to Montreal 15 a decided advaninffe^ undone not easili/ if at all to be counteracted. ^Ve may set down as certain to Montreal, the trade of the country adjacent to LakeErie ; nnd to this may be added one half the trade of Ohio, Illinois and Michigan." The same petitioners set forth — " We will not enlarge upon the extraordinary growth of Upper Canada du- ring the last five years, or upon its great natur- al advantages of soil and climate, (equalling the most fertile of the western countries,) nor upon its great natural resources : these consid- erations lead to the contemplation how the ex- panding trade of the West may be drawn to New. York, and not pass through the Canadas by those facilities which nature has furnished, and which rrust follow the improvement of the na- vigMioii of the St. Lawrence, whereby the west- T 9 cm IraJcMn.'iy 6c /oi/ to us Lcijond t/w possiLiliiy of recovery.'''' I have tluH nddcd tin; opinions cxjn'csscd by editors of pidjiic jonnir.ls in tlililM'rnt Slalerf, and the views of such widely extcnihd inlercHU in th(i United Stales, as the best lerftimony in lavor of the iniportanre of the nicasurt\s I have !on^ advocated. As a proof that sm:h opinions are not vaguely j)ut forth, all those States named have, and arc expendini!; millions to draw u portion of that trade which nalnrally l)elon2:B to the Canadas; and it is ardently to be hoped the |)eople of both provinces, layinv be atlbrded from Ontario to Quebec : and let it be kept in view, that when cljaruicls are once opened, and trade drawrj by them, it becomes truly dillicult to turn it into a new channel, so that if Canada is to be enriched, the works referred to must be put in- to such a train as to be completed by the year 1 WAi) at farthest. As some may be unacquainted with the magrjitude of the works now in ])rogress by the people of the Upper Province, I give below a letter* w ith which I have been favored by Capt. • CoRNWAtL, 28th July, 1836. My dear Sir, Your letter of the 'Uh arrived hero on tlio I4th, when I was prepaviru? to \i,o to Sorcl to pay a visit to Sir John and Lady Colbornc. 1 now cinbraco the iirst leisure tinic I have had since tny rpturn hither to reply to it. Tiie Canal now in pro^jjress between this plac3 and th*^ head of the Long Saut Rapid ha> been nndertaken with a view oF formini^c. an uninterrupted cominnnlcation with the ocean 'Yom Lake Ontario and the upper lakes. Tiiis Canal is one hundred feet v.'ide at the bottom, and at the surface of, the water, which will he ten feet deep, it will be one hundred and fifty feet wide. The Locks, which are of cut stone, arc lifty-five feet broad ; they will have nine feet of water on th" mitre sill, and ttiey will admit v^ssel:^ of •nc hundred and scvcnty-tivo feet in length. The lenj^th of this ■ ni 10 Phillpotis, under whose «ble superintendence the work is now being completed, it will be apparent that thio Canal is upon a truly mae- nihcent scale, opening out a channel for those Wtl '^' ^^^""r" '"/•^^f"/' =' '^a'O in which distance there are six Locks, descending m all fortv-ci|i?ht feet. j,.,?'^® ""?■'"'"' estimate i'ov this work '.vas XIP'i Onn r.,uu n addition of ten per cent, for contn„.ncies a d the Sme T Vll^ intemlence, exclusive of the cost of damage to m^e^tv &c P"" ;.f men employed has consequently been vey^rh *°i"Ti" formed during the'posentv/n i ?J.^l"" ''''; "-^ ^'^"^ *" ''^ P'^'" pronortion to thrri^'n t J n' rV?f'f K^'^''^"'7 '^^''"" ^«"^i<^«r^^^^ Contracts were entered into.^^ '"•" '"'^ "^'^^^"^^^ «'"«« t'^« Tile work was commenced in July 1834 und^r *!.« r .• of a Resident or Superintending Engineer wf,'n»?i. ''"••^i^t^o" when necessary, bv the adv\c^nA.n?!L'- n '^^^ ''^^'^ assisted, sionally visits tlie work Th. L *=«'?"'ting Engineer, who occa- for this^wcrk as^^n ^^3 tTi /e ,?ral "' - 1 '^ '"'"'^' ''^'l^^^^'^ ne..ed witli il, has be n en rust? 1 to a B wd'lf"' '^"^ *^^"^ ^«"- ers, who have been appointed by an ^cfn? ?h p '''• Commission- t«re. The amount p?inted7or1^,e ,n Iv^ment ^f'tr "^ ^^•'^'^'^■ generally is £3.50,0^. of which sun TlfiHOf^ ,"' "'"^^'S^^o" ed to this datr, ircludin/S7fr ,^lr T.'. ''V'' ''''^^" '""^Pe''d- ma«e to property. ^ ^l^,'0O, uhich have been paid for da- of vSl^t^i^'^J: t^' '? twcnty-seyc. sections, let out to ContrSs Jar flv as eirl'l^ ^V'K ^'^^^ ''^^'^ Culverts, &c. A part of Sec L Vn 1 1^ i ^.''^^^> Lock-gates, opposite tho long^Sau has s nr^ LV^^'^^ '^^'^'^ ^«"^^«t> --^nd sections, and re-let to otJierC^r.rLf- «'t'''^"'t^' info^ix'sub- pletion of the work. ^-^'^tractors, m order to hasten the con- laboi^^f IhetK^ o^So"" '^^"'*^ ^' P---^? progressoVth.Mvork: an^ncrea 'enW^ T^T'^ ^' '''^'^ «^« the Contractors the m^7r^^:^^'?!'^^^^ y<^^^Me6 It IS hoped that, if a suificient n imhpr nf^ ^ ^^ ""'^'' 'P'"t: and this Canal wiu'be com Ser^ d"Zt fb/ ''^"''\''" ^'' ''Stained, this Province, ronuires that fi.n «rr.rjJ;r • St. Lawrence n place and the Lon^g Su, t s u H t coSo ^T/'V^'T^^ ^'^''''^' *^'^ ments contemplated between the Lo L Sa. r''. b' otiierimpiovc- commenced. ^''"^ ^^"* »nd Prescolt shall he ■'•" "^ '"'^ '" length, with a L(!ck of 'fou? 11 advantages to be derived from the trade of the west. A great outcry is, and has been raised (1 regret to say justly) against ttic Parliament of Lower Canada, that they have not been moved by the patriotic example of the Upper Province, to follow up the improvement. I believe all that has yet been done by the Lower Province, was a grant of 5001. to make surveys, but what has been the result I have not heard, and I deeply regret that the commercial community has de- voted very little attention to the subject, com- pared with their zeal as to other matters of much less importance. I am aware each party feet lift. Secondly, Rapide Plat, where a Canal of about three miles and nine-tenths will be required, with a Lockage of eleven and a half feet. Thirdly, Point Cardinal, where a Canal of about fifteen hundred feet will be required, with a Lock of two and a half feet lift. And lastly, Les Galloppes, where a Canal of two thou- sand four hundred feet will be required, with a Lock of four and a half feet lift. When these works are finished, and they will re- quire about two years, the navigation of the St. Lawrence in this Province will be complete, safe, and commodious for all vessels which can pass through the Locks above described, and the com- munication from Coteau du Lac to Lake Ontario will be uninter- rupted. The parts of the St. Lawrence in Lower Canada which re- quire improvement are between Coteau du Lac and the Cascades ; a survey of which hns been taken, I believe, by order of the House of A'^sembly of that Province : also the enlargement of the Canal between Lachine and Montreal, and probably some improvements in Lake St. Francis, lor the survey of which X500 was granted by the Lc<;'slature during their last Session. Commissioners have been appointed for the purpose of deciding on the best mode of car-< tying on tills work ; and it is hoped thfit during the next Session of the Legislature of that Province a sufficient sum will be voted to complete it without further delay. 1 am not aware that any private funds have been contributed towards this Canal in any way, nor can I inform what is the pro- bable amount of the expense of the Canals required in the Lower Province to make tiiii communication complete. I am of opinion, however, that, with a proper force, the whole may be finished in three years, if a suiFicient sum of money be granted at the next meeting of the Assembly of Lower Canada, who have already ap- pointed Commissioners to make inquiry respecting the practicability of carrying it into cfl'ect ; but it has not yet, I believe, been satis- factorily ascertained that Lake St. Lewis, between Lachine and the Cascades, can be navigated by vessels dra'.ving nine feet of water. 1 remain, dear Sir, Very faithfully yours, George Phili.potts. 12 casts ihc blame upoi) tlic oihor - h.w i „ Lfpper Province. Tlio obslniril.,,,; • . on (lie inlercourse Un,oeu\jZtr "?°''^'J the soa bv L,„v,,, t;,'^,7. V.PI""^ f'«"«<'» and would lend fn W.l ..,•■" ^"'Parate states, aclvarilngos ,-ulvo,-t.d (o, in r~ "'? and increasing tnidc oC the Wo.st " ''^'' ine first is the cnrryinrr i|i« ci,- at , . ,. Cornwall, [dosciibcd I a no en nTb7'"'' '? the making o(a Rail yj,} 7 •^•'' J ^''^ '^''''on.J par. or l.aL Hn.t'a'iq . ri: ^nd 2 t*^ ""' vcnienl /Iw (ho tr.-,de ol' a i,-l, 4n • (I r.T» '°"" king a nailun^ lion, Ua.nilto- o :]^::,X S;^ro^;^;:i^:.rs^,t; p^ trans f i^ .iL, i ^"^'^'^^'^^'^ ns i,s usual where i 'roviiicc Tree of duties. ported out of t nc 13 a- IlavIn^MU my address to His Excellency Sir Francis Head, gone so fullj into the snl.ject ol rad-ways, and pointed out the facilities of raising the funds for their formation, I would alone ad'3 vert to the subject at present as connected with fvee transit. It is to he observed that a line of rad-road from Toronto to Lake Huron would not, as 1 am informed, exceed 76 miles, and could be passed in C hours; while the distance by the Hiver St. Clair, Lake Erie, and to Lake O[)(ario, IS fully equal to 700 miles, and would by steam-boats, cVc occupy 3 days, with a like number of transhipments or removals, and by the ordinary ship conveyance would occupy as many days as hours by the rail-road to Toronto. From Toronto by steam to Oswego 12 hours, vvhat route can compare with the one under con- sideration .^ Who does not perceive, that the vast supplies of Hardware, Crockery, Cutlery, and British Manufticture, would pass direct from' England to the Western MerchaLts by the St. Lawrence, while all the supplies they draw from New York would by way of Oswego, pass on to Lake Huron by Toronto or Hamilton. And would you allow tiie Citizens of the Unit- ed States and others to pass their Merchandize the same as his Majesty's Subjects, across the Peninsula from Toronto to Lake Huron free of duties.^ Certainly! and that too without refer- ence to any act ot reciprocity on their part,deem- ing it sound policy to pursue that course which is beneficial for the Province, and not preclude it irom great advantages because others may not be disposed to pursue a corresponding policy tow- ards us,t}ie policy of drawing commerce bv our rivers, rail-ways, and by ourVessels and boats, is solely with a view to render the facilities which the Province affords proiitablc to its In.hnbitants and that too without refer rnce to the policy o7 others— I should hope the Jay is come, that tl iose 14 mcn«„rcs »l,icl, will dnuv out (he vast resource, «< ll„. i.omUry ,n:,y l,c a.lop(e(I will.oyt talk ...S o -c.proct,, .0 tl.at .L unrivalled, 'am, but Itlle Ju)o»i, great advantages of th.- Canr,.lns may bo called forth. "l 'l,Z,: o.-.rn..sllj to recommend the measures of a fre o transit ns one of Commercial policy, as well ns ot pol.t.enl expediency and ioun^'wi^dom II Inll IS channel the products of £no-|and can reach the (nr West, by a shorter route, mlcTo^ge net of the carrymg trade, and particularly all hhips to Quebec, Montreal, and on to Lake Hu- rnn, and shall not we draw upon an average fou, pou,;ds a ton, and derive from each individua passmg. from Quebec a like sum, iudependeu "(he Ircght liom England; and if only by Ih^ nt least ,n the P.ovnice. Surely, to turn away »uch advantages-.lo shut out s ,ch TJhZ uZn'the 'r"'";'?'"". S-" '0 the PrCinc ' •n i le ee! 1 1°., '^'^^'procity, Mould manifest 1 d" to t r I ""''7^^; ^ ''^Sree of inditTerence trujj to be deplored and not to be expected fro™ ^.u'rT mfn ""' '" "^^'"""''" ''^ « '-rounding Piitrgy and prosperous enterprize unexampled I am gr,eved to find that such is the banellht fluence ot poht.cal strife, that one parly canro ear to see a measure conferring prosp^eHly on ieProvu,ce, emanate from, or tlfat such s onid bo strenuously supported by the other-yet P itir^ '"7^'"' '■" "" S^verned by liberal I'm ciples, and these in accordance with a re- gard for the rights of, and tenderness for he oni luons of ollH.rs,_0 that I could but perTuade rny ellow-subjects, who talk about tl ei anxTety otlersadmi J "<'»«• ™s « inch they, and all otners admit, must produce certain prosperity. 15 I call upon all who arc jealous of lliclr loyallv. ot heir love li.r Ihe liriti.h Cm.iiunwn-tH- lirilish coiiMection, and 1 call upon all «h„ wish lo cherish a kindly inlerconr.e' wither nei^h- bors, to lay aside every feeling but that of ren- dering Canada the grent hif;h-«ay Irom the horesof the Mississippi, and The Rocky Mo ,! to New \ork, the commcrcoof which Citv, is mainly a tnhutc.l to those internal channels of communication which have heen made at a « rea oxpence I deliherately state that such nrosne rity has been the /ruit oltheir enterprise and en- orgy and hence Capital has flown n from other Countries entrusted to their mnnastement. I may entnre to say that one third of the capital wh ch has set afloat the great enterprise in the St tes United States, has been furnished bv British Capital, and were similar energy e.h'ibite Canada, and the baneful consequences arising from limiting the rate of interest done awav^ surely Canada would be prelerred. as a S stable security, as happily exempt from the cer^ tain ruinous consequences of universal suffiaffe and voting by ballot. -""lage, Before ( conclude I would earnestly press the following consideration on the attention of the proprietors of property in Montreal and Que! bee, who, It IS believed, do not appreciate the advantage within their reach. There To but three mam outlets to the ocean for the Western trade: otje is chiefly by artitieial means vi" viz. JNew Orleans ami Quebec; the power of team can be rendered a'i .r.portant to the two alter, and only partially so to New Vorfc,_see n "1 . ''" ""•'''^'"P'e'l value the houses, bu Id- ZlA'/"'^ '"r'^' '" ■'"!♦' "«•-"• New York and ;..! . ^"T"?' 'l»^« attained— and to what may such rise bejuslly attributed ? has not suchrisen 16 "id, ll,e incrense.I fadlilics nllor.lod („ com- no( (he «.„.e resulu assurcllv arise lo Mo IrcaP .. on V s,.<.a., L,H i,„,.,o..n u;;s::rbur.rr r; 'r"^' '■™'" ' '■ '■ -''^ <'" - ijMucr&iooti but uboiit I'> or 1 1 it.M.^ • ^r i Lo is a^^d 1,?'''!''^' ''•■". "'" *-'"'•-'■■'" '" J. ■l■< «fl^;ro n d h" T :"^°J""''^ theada,„.,u, . "'i, piintiplcs. I uisclaim al interfercncp in nun the P^o^in^t 'r, p;-'^:::^ ^';^^ ^'^'^^^^y «*• commPrro which b^dsS ^^ ""i ? ^^^^^"^'^^^ " "'^ most sangmrie anticipations. approved, the aid of the Land Bink wJ i f"'""* -.'r''^ '^'^ "'^y b« other sources. Amon^. the i "ost n 1 J'% 'T'^''^^' '^^3'ond all head of the Bay of Q»in- ' "^^t, the L.eul. Governor, to obs.; ; nT-pZ-r'"!;'' '" '"^^ ''^^'^rtq Queenston, by the ]Jead of the La o .n ! "'"'^ ^''"'" "'^'"ilton to York will be all essentia to carrfh '"n"''* ^''^' linetoNew that the navi^^ation closes The ^ -r , ' '''':>'''' f ""■"^ ^''« «^««on St. ^nn Kapids on the Ottawa is tr , "'r7 >' "''^'"'^tion of the person who has eflected it ' ^ S k'' . '^' *" ^^^' ^"^^'H'"^^'^^ the canaling trade by the I deau C.Tr^' '^?^'"^^'^- "^ ""^"^'roly of to Steamboats, arising fmrnthVLv' Tl'''''' ^''^ "bstrnctions nal from Point Fort.fne to g'^;^"/'' '' '^'. ^'''^^'' '^^'^ ^he ca- that great work vvould be just reLT;"^^^^^^ the importance of ^JPon those who have ti.e noli? • ^'^' "^ged ^n'li^es, particularly the '^r bHS^^ITS;;;^^;'- ^^^'^^^*''-