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Les diagrammes suivants illustrent la mithode. ta ure, ] . ■ :.i^: ■ f ^ t : : ^, :-«.,.. 3 ■::.#:„;: • 6 1 G -•%' ♦f LETTER FR01M A * . . * Gentleman in LONDdjSt TO H I S ^ /; Friend In the Country, Conperning tlie TREATY at JiX-LA-CHAPELLE, CONCLUDED e On the 8th of October, 1748; 1^ m f ^•' \ * #■ »»■' . • -<■ LONDON Printed for "W. W e b 8 near St. PauVi; MDCCXLVHL ;j , [ Price One Shilling. ] ■m w Iv ) bf'»? 1 iC'¥>^ tar • ■ ...I. ::;.;• Cl- ■ u iS^*'""'*" >"■ _ ' > ■•■ ^'- 11'*' »'*■ .t- , '•'; '« :;^r ^^^^^4'''lhlty\.k *#■ /.J. ,/'*-*' • iJ4' '•^'\l>^*.t,'^jev.i!; i„ .. '**■ /^ . -^ f« • iv4| 1 \ • *■ •/ill T4r^ U*^ ^^' a? I ^^ ^4*^ 0^'1:> -Hm :^-ti 1^ »,*>■ ' •!.»' -.■n*^ .,1 1^ i*«-' .%■ t. '. I- h -> * <-* i • L> r].4i in^jfi?':>'tai ^ -'*t'^ w -i' ^;J\i^ Itl* 4U* ;h; 1^ >;: ^^i.-rs*iij^ t' -s . *. M.v4li. ai >* «^K-^i«>^ •>-. * • T '-V 'A 'Jf-l 1 ,, , , *^'^T^#J ^;-*l 'l#lf-f,il>'r->'' :'ei "*;- .lik*» .1^ *»"" *■^ -f ' ^-^ i«t '^K •3 fe^-. %i -/■^ r. ''■■J ..»T ♦ ?^*; ^tji*'?%^ (*» *■ ■y W --i* 1 ^t •r -Wt 1^ '«(««'*'*• X '-"■'■JWW'" ^^for i: ...f. J ( ♦ 4%. •■< ''■' V* CO fki 'T' f^ : - UAlMM L E T«T E R< ■> villi r;r; btlH »)3n . . '. ■. F R O M A Gentleman in hondon^ &c. SIR • ' * ♦ iiio'.^ n r-:r,fb ^lom vakfl Received the Favour of yours, am much- obliged to you for the many curious Ob^. ^ fervations it contains, and mud own your Conclufion filled me with melancholy Re* fledions, where you afk my Opinion, if your Retirement hath deprived you of your Un-. derflanding, if you are in your right Scnfes or no, differing fo widely as you do from the reft of the World in your Sentiments of the late definitive Treaty, as you perceive by the congratulatory Addreffes of feveral Corporatbn$» circulated in the News Papers thro* the Na^. tion.--.-— -I am not fo aukward, or matter of fo little Sagacity as on this Occafion to make you Compliments on the Nicety of your Judg- H\ B .1 ment. SBi ^ CO ment, and your juft Precifion in the moft diBicult Affairs, wlien by the undeniable Proofs, with which you fupport your Sentiments, you demonftrate that by the Queftions you put, you intend t Sneer only on the Folly, the Meannefs and Servility of "the Times, I:! ' It is impbffible, when one looks on theft Addrefles, to forbear laughing at their Ridicu- loufnefs. And as they all in general mean no- thing more than a Court Compliment, fo the Cambridge Addrefs feems to me to have beea frefcnted with much the beft Grace, thajt learned Body having prevented the Publica- tion of the Treaty, iand lavrfhly priifed it ^with- out having feen it, ^ewin^ nothing of that pervcrfe Djfpoiitidn, which induced the Mer- chants of Toledo (under Pi-etence of difcharg- iiig their Confcience, v>hich would not per* mit them to affirm a thing of which they had not the Icaft Knowledge) to demand % previous Sight of the Portrait of Dukinea^ be^ fore they (hould fwcar to her Beauty ; at the fame time acknowledging themfelves io well ^ifFedled to her as to be ready to bcftow on kr all the Encomiums in tlie World, tho' f 3 3 her Portrait (hould reprefent her with one Eye afquint, and the other dropping Sulphur and Vermilion. And Don ^ixot*s Obfcrvation confirms^ mine, with refpedt to the Judgment, which that Univerlity (hewed on that Occa-* fion ', for, fays he, *' when you have feen ** Dakinea, what Obligation will ym lay on ** me by acknowledging a Truth evident ia, " itfelf ? The Bufmefe is to believe it with* " out feeing, to fwear to it, and maintain it " againft all the World." This is without Doubt the genteel way of doing things^ and he knew well how to choofc who propoHcd ..« w , kJ •for Flattery the graveft of Divinei. Without being carried away by the Self-ap* plaufes of the Miniftry re-ccho'd from wliat- ever part of the Country, without paying the leaf^ Attention to thofe things of Courfe, the flowery Orations of Town- Clerks, Recorders, 6f^. &c. &c. I entirely concur with you, hav«. ing confidered this Treaty in various L(i§hts; In the firft Place, " ** «i%ri Is iti I , Honourable f B 2 t-- In m'* :;f [ 4 ] 'n-^ In the next Place, is it as Advantageous as we had rcafbn to expcd? L ; :>.' }r^i;,i*d i-ri •'. t ?•• I ^hln the laft Place, is it made on a lading and fblid Foundation ? •■vffTr- I »^V l . ■\». v-M' -ff Thefc (if I miftake not) are the three Points by which every Treaty ought to be examined, by thefe it ought to ftand or fall, and in whioh-ever of thefe I view the prefent Treaty, I am forry to fay, I find no more Satisfaction than you. If there is any other fairer way of putting this important Quettion to the TriaJ, I (hould be glad to be informed. . .,^^^. .<> As to the firft general Head, \r> Is this Treaty Honourable? with Rcludlance I fpeak out the Shame of my Country, it i^ far from Honourable. There is fomething that (hocks at firft Sight, for it is written in the French Language, and all the Copies are in French^ as is acknowledged by us in the Treaty itfelf, with an evident Confcioufnefs of the Difgrace. When I firft dipt into it I really took it for a French Edi(5t, and you perhaps will .•^' in I [5] ivill think I was not very much miftaken: But befides the unfavourable Appearance which it carries with it, as if didated by the French^ there is this farther Difadvantage, that (hould any Difputes hereafter arifc concerning the Signification of Phrafes and ExpreffionSj who ihall decide ? Will you pretend to inform the French in the Meaning of their own Language ? If our Miniflers were fo polTeft of their* own Sufficiency as to reckon on any Advantage en- joyed by them over the French in their own Mother-tongue, I dare fay the French were hot wanting to flatter and encourage them in that Opinion. However fome Inftances per- haps of the great Accuracy obferved in this Negotiation will hereafter appear. ^^ >' '<*?• ' But what (hall I fay ? What Words (Ijall I find to exprefs the Grief which never ceafes to rife in my Brcaft, in refleding on one par- ticular Circuml^ance ? I heartily condole with you in that we have lived to fee the day on which the old inveterate Enemies of this Coun- try have at laft found the Means and Oppor- tunity of fatiating the Envy, Hatred, and Malice, MaMce which they have ever borne to thq Profpcrity of Great Britam^ by debafing her Honour to their utmoft Wiflics. I need not tell yqu, that I have at this time the Homa- ges in View. It is a Meafure univcrfally con- demned by all Ranks and Degrees of Men, and the greateft Part of even minideriai Peopk hang their Heads with Shame at the Mention of it. It is fome Confolation that they are not Men of the firfl Confideration in any refped, and that thofe of greater Confequence had Spi- rit enough to refufe to fland Repreientativea of their Country's Difgrace : It is fome Con- folation to fee Spirit enough remaining in thq Bulk of the People to refent this Ufage: It is fome Confolation that our National Troops during the War loft not the Credit of Per- ibnal Bravery : And again, it is an Aggravatbn that fo brave a People, deferving a better Fate, (hould undergo fo great an Ignominy* Good Gods ! were there no Means to be found for iaving the Honour of Great Britain f If we had been intent on doing Bufinefs, and the real Execution of Treaties, was there not even a Ncceffity of demanding Hoftages for Perfor- mance I t7] mahcc of the Conditions relative to Dunkirk^ eipecially as the French never did fulfU the Treaty of Utrecht in that very eflcntitl Point of deftroyiiig the Jcttes of the Canalg as they have amufed us in ihis Affair conftant- ly from time to time in a moil fhameful and abufive mawacr, nor any time was fixt in the prefent Treaty for accomplifhing it. And if it (honid be alltxiged thac where no Time is . meaiioned, the Performance ought to be im«^ misdiatb, I would laik, whence arofe our Secu- nty /that the French, would '^ '^'i^ r '*'^- *'"'^ r I would willingly hope that this, together with the Affair of MaeJIricht, the Difmiflion i^^t-cw J. . of J i It ri ] of XhtRuffianu and D-ul_n of the Britijh lyjercbants by the dghtcenth Article, fills up , the Meafure of Shame, which Great Britain 19 to fuifer on this Occalion ; for thoiigh Di0K>nour is certainly deducible froni dif* advantageous Terms in general, and part i*- cularly froln any Sacrifice which we make pf our Allies; yet while I am on this Heac*, I (hall confine myfelf to what is evidently caW pulated for leflening the Honour of this Coun- try, what wounds her immediately and diredt- ly in that tender Part. And I hope, what I have gone through of this Sort, is the whole ; for I am loth to believe that the Opinion, of ^hich our Merchants are fo ftrongly pofleft, is well founded i or, that there is any fccret Arti- cle for repealing the Adlof Parliament, prohibit- ing the ufe of Cambricks ; for this would be tak- ing the Law from France like Vaffals j this "Would b§ to veft theKing o\ France with more Power over MS than the King of Great Britain enjoys ; this would be the higheft Species of Treafon againft the State. But I (hall forbear expatiating on this Particular, iince nothing of this fort appears in the Treaty, as publi(hcd to the World, and I am refolved to infid on thofe Points only, in i ^ C 2 which .\. i i f'l. it l^ ] whjkb Iiim warranted by fiifficient Authority ; gnd a Sdlions or two will, I perfoad« mykliig convince thofe Gentlemen of their Mifkke. -aJ jk;*4&.0 the next Queftion : Is this Treaty advantageous? I am at a Lofs to make up the Account of the Advantages fecured to Great Bfit^un in this Treaty, but by making Ufe of the old Pra^ice of the Exchequer, where there is to be found an Account of Nichih or Nothing fVorthsi there arc twenty four Articles ia the prefent Treaty, I have examined them all, and t|be Advantages to Great- Britain therein con* tained, amount exadtly to twenty four Cy* phers. There is not a Britijh Article among them; I am as well alFedted to the prefent Eftabliihment as any Man who lives under it, and yet I dare to fay that there is not a Br/-^ tijb Article amongft them, though I have my Eye at this prefent writing on the nineteenth, relating to the Guaranty of the Succeffion, &c. It is a mere Nichil, a mere Song : The Reafona are fo trite and obvious, that it would be im- pertinent in me toinfin: on them. And as for the Remnant of the Afliento Contract, it \% fo Uifling, that I am told the Company will Qot accept it. . . .^ •' ^ — - m Oi^t It kyt J. -■ • catf i'^^lt win •without dbiitit be faid, thafAfe Wir ^^lertcfed With ill 1&ti6tM by iMA; Snd the Queftion Will Lcafked;' Could yotr eitpb(Jl that an dhfucccfsful Wat Abutd be fi^cceeded bf'ati advantageous Peace ? Or in other AWirife; Did not their Vidtofies entitle the Enemy ^'to fome Advantages ? This (^eftion will b6 'beft s^nfwered by putting ariother Queilioh j' Bid not the Siicccft of the Britifl) Nation by Sea, tlic Con^u^ft of Cape Bmofi, what was rea- Ibnabiy to be expelled from that formidable Airtiamcrit lent to the Eaft Indies^ where the French Ml us to adt at large, having no Foh:e tb 'bppofe us, entitle Qreat Britain to fome Advantages ? Efpccially as there was adua'lly a: great Change in the Face of Affairs on thtf Continent, as well v»rith Refpedt to the Dute6 as Rujjidm. And by the ConfdTion of ouf MIniftry it appears, that " to have * penetrated ** into' the Heart of Hattand tn\^i have been ** attended with untoward Circumflances j and -rn? ^ri;!iA';^- \i :]•> : .iu-iViUlA % /v-,11--jj SVW It ' * See Confiderations on the Definitive Treaty, page iS« A Piece fo ixfuifitely tvtii wrote, and of fuch Authority* that it is generally thought the younger of the two Brothers, on this great Occafion, dawbcd his Fiagers with Pen and Ink, ^ v^^ ■ i' ''>^ ' ** to cl I i ' I i ■^B I 1 ;■ i H ] ** tp have pu&cd the allied Army on the Side *^ QfGefimany, would, perhaps have detcrmiaed •* the Germanick Body." If then their own Account is to be depended on, tfae French were firrived at the Ne phi ultra of their Victories, and.confequendy at th,at critical Time, when it was neceifary for thet;a to precipitate a Peace. But more powerful Motives ilill remained, foj; the French Trade was at the laft Gafp, the^ Nation Heart-fick in the Midft of her Vic- tories (as every Natiop muft he whofe Trade, the only Root of Riches is cut off, which de^ monftrates the Advantage of Succefs at Sea over that at Land) many Parts of France vifited with Famine, the People in general in fuch Diftrefs, that their loud Clamours invaded the Throne, while the Trade of Great Britain flouriflied on the Ruin of that of her Enemies ; and though the War on the Continent occafioned great Draughts of Money from this Country, great Sums flowed into the Country from Captures made on the Spaniards and French, Did not thefe Circumftances (I fay) entitle Great Briz tain to fome Advantages ? What then is the Confequence of this State of Affairs, when we come to treat of an Accommodation ? Why we ♦ We make Reftitution of the Royal Iflandi o£ taupe Breton^'" ivi Acquifition infinitely more valuable than all the Conqiiefts made by France^ valuable for its healthy Air, its fpadous " and commodious Ports, the Strength of its Forti- fications, on which immcnfe Sums have been expended by the French^ and no inconfiderable ones by us, valuable for its Fruitfulnefs, and [abundance of Pines fit for Mafts, as well as Oak of an immenfe Size, and oth.!r "Timber. Valuable with Refped to the Fi(hery, fince the French Writers themfelvey fay, that in no Part of the World is the Cod Fijhery carried tn mt^ ' t/etier ^Sticcefs '5 ' valuable with Refpedt to Mines of excellent Coal, rifing in the Mountains, proper for fupplying the Demands of America i6t that Commodity, (ufcful in all Parts to feme Degree, in many Parts much wanted for common Fuel) and for fiir- nifliing a Nurfcry of French Seamen, by em- ploying (as I am credibly informed they may do) upwards of fifteen hundred Sail in the Coal-Trade, valuable with refpedl to its Situa- tion, as commanding the Navigation to Cana- da^ at all Times a Bridle on the French in that Part of the World ^ and, in cafe of a War, of "' 2 great if s ■■ :\ 1x6-} gr«it Importance m any Attempts we may make on Canada > of great Importaoce to the Trado' of Nova Scotia^ and not fo lemote from the Great Bank, as not to be of; fome Gonftquc^ce in thatre(jpeA. And there flill renaalns s|nothef Gonfideration, for the French can ovor-nin the Low-Countriei at Pkafure, can feize to-morrow what they give up to day ; £o that after having made a Surrender of Cape Breton (which the French could have never taken but by Means of our Miniftry^ nor we ever hope to recover) we may fee our Allies too, diveiled of that Country, which thro* our Compolfion the Emprefs-Qucen has fo dearly purchafed by CeiGons made in Italy to Don ■Philips of Territories (which the French in vain ufcd their utmoft Efforts to conquer) and Reftitutions to the Duke of Modena and the Genoefe—*-! will leave it to your Judgment, if we have not renounced all Claim to the Iflands of St, Lucia, St. Vincent and Tobago^ tho* there is not the lea ft Word of this Ceffion in the Treaty publiflied by Authority, as the French have been very bufy ever lincc the Peace in making Settlements there, without the leaft Molcftation from our Governor, who was ufed Vj to i M7 ] tQ h^ 4 in Charge to repel by Forice gf Anns any. Attempt of the, ir^^^^ fpr . i^^king Set* tkiBQCQlilB 'm thofe Parts, We e/i^g^ge iikewii^e tQ refjtpre whateyc; Places \yq (hould|)ojJc|s Qm^, fe)vf 6 p/ in tbat cxpea&n^e S^peditipn iip lately furpifj^'d <^p;t for the Bfftr Indies, ^d (jo fhew the Af4ftQ«of the /Tz-^w/^j and. cpi^vince the WqtW pf the Ability aad Sufficiency ,of out Minifters, I .will here take ron>e little Retro* fpedl of the Negotiation. The French ^xq^oijq a Ccifation of Hoftilities on the Footing of that oiAuguJiiht 19th 1712, and our Minifters, notwithftanding the Reproaches with which they <:onftaatly load the Authors of tljie Treaty of Utrecht, perfuaded that they could not err, while they trod in the Footfteps of thofe great Mailers^ readily and wi^h great -Security dofe with the Pfopofal, without confideritig the Dif- ference of Circumflances at one time and the other, wjiieh confiftcd principally in thjs, that in 17 1 2 we had formed no Defigns in the Eali-IndieSy and confequcntly . no PrecautioQ was at that time necc(&ry for thofe Parts. Accqrding to the Treaty for a Ceflation of IJof ftilities at Sea concluded at Paris 17 12, and adopted at y£?>r J 74?. it was %t, -with D " rcfpedt % li ■X "■"»J. I'T L»'"' '.■■( ,1 ^1' [ '8 ] rcfpc^t to Ships, Merchandize, and other Effeds Which might be taken at Sea, viz, * That the faid Ships and Merchandize or other Ef* fcdls, which may be taken in the Channel and in the North Sea after the Space of twelve Days from the Signature of the Sufpenfion, (hould be reftored reciprocally. That the Term (hould be fix Weeks for Prizes taken from the Chan- nel, the Britijh Seas, and North Seas as for as Cape St. Vincent. ■»- v"-'-— '^?' ^^cum^t^-H-^^^r^ "''And ^ix Weeks more from that Cape to ihe Line, whether in the Ocean or the Me- diterranean. *•■ "*l*'^^-'»:"^*'':-»04^-V,«^' *im^"^-v-' ' And laftly, fix Months beyond the Line, and all other Parts of the World without any Exception, GV. ^^ ^ '^^"n/ ::'.r-^x-'i--^<^^-^A '^^^'At Land the Sufpenfion of Arms took place without any Exception, in fix Weeks, to be reckoned from the Signature of the Prelimina- ries. So that if we had at any Time (after die Expiration of the fix Weeks, and yet be- fore there was any Poffibility of preventing Hoftilities in the Eaji- Indies by tranfmitting Intelligence of what had pafs'd at Aix) made ./■<»v,v;' j-t. •ntl • Sec the Treaty, Annals of Q. Ann^ Vol. XI. Page 404,' and the Gazette of ^t^ ^*a 7 T v : ;i'l §fi This Treaty was agreed on the 30th of April, an Account of it was publifh'd in the beginning of June in the foreign Gazettes, 'when the Abfurdity could not fail flriking Peo- ple of the leaft Difcernment : It became pub- : lick Talk, not to fay a Jeji ; and our Mini- ftry, confcious of the Overfight, endeavoured to patch it up by the Declaration of the 8 th of 2- Da July, i9^ h i' [20] July^ figncd hj the Plenipotentiaries of their Eritarmick and Mod Chriflian MajeAies, .^nd df the States*General j by xvhich it is agreed, that the Conquers made before the 30th of i^.-^/r/'/j or which OiaH be tiiadc lince, iliflll be reftorcd ; that is to fay, thofe in the Wefi^Indieiy m the State they were in fix Weeks after th*; 30th of Aprils and thofe made^.or which might be made in the BMli- Indies in the State they {hall be on the 30th of OSiober^ Hdw great Care has been taken fincc the. Signature of the Preliminaries for puttii^ Things on a clear and unexceptiohable. Foot, with refpedi to Ships, Merchandiize) and £f&dts which might be taken in the InSnn Seas oh this fide the Line after . the. Expiration of fi* Weeksi and before the Expiration of fix Months, I will not take on me to fay: Nor do I rcmebiber to have ever fecn the Declara- tion of the 2ift of May^ mentioned in the Definitive Treaty. Neither a Defire to gratify Spleen, nor to mortify the Pride of the Mini^ ftry who have been fo eager, even at the Ex- pence of a Chacader infinitely more valdibley to catch at the Fame of Abilities from an Account, which by no Means entitles thsxn to ^^fi;' It \ i it^i bad $ny Share in my Motives for mention-, ing this Affair; but I own I vras willing to g\yfi an Indanco of the Prefumption and 8elf^ fuff ciency of Men, who did not ftand in need of the Advice of the great Council of the Na- tion upon the whole^ or any part of this Treaty^ ihough fitting at the Tinae of their Negotia- tion. Nor is it poinble on this Occafion to forget that ever- memorable Proclamation of the 6ih ti£Attgufty 1748^ enjoining a CefTation of Hbdilities between Spain< and Great Britain tci be obferved after the End of twelve Day^ to b9 compute from the 17th of June Old Stile, lyhich was near fix Weeks before t«ie Date of the Proclamation « And leven the Proclamation of May the 7th enjoining a Cefiation of Hofli- lities withFr^Mf^iafter the End of twelve Days, to be computed from the 19th of April Old Stile^ i;, though in a kfs Degree, liable to the like Objedlion. Nor is there any Excufe to be drawn for this Delay from the Time employed in the Exchange of the Ratifica- tions ; for at that rate the Proclamation ought not to have come out fo early as the 7th of May^ for the Ratifications were exchanged on the2ift oi May, But what affedls me with the greateft Concern, as being of the utmoft I- Confequencc 1 I m ,*-»■:-? ;omcqaenwl6diir Country Is, that by this Treaty we reftrained our Hand, ready to ghc the fini(hjng Stroke to the Trade of France^ and Allowed her Time to revive that Rivalfhip, by which we have found ourfelves fo aggrieved, £o hard prefl, and in feveral Refpcdts under- mined for many Years paft. Had we been at the Expence of continuing the War with Vi- gour a little longer, her Trade in all its Branches had neceflarily died away, and had been irre- trievably loft, as it would have been before the Date of the prcfent Treaty, had the War been properly coiidudled. France lay at our Mercy i . this important Point, adually lay atourFeet^ and yet we relinquish this mighty Advsintage, we raifc France from this defperatc State, we grant her all (he could defire, without ftipulating any one Advantage for our Mother-Country, and ?re left by our Miniftry unaided, unadvanccd in any An- gle refpedl, to fit down under the fad Reflcdion of being involved in many Millions of Debt, in- curred by this treacherous and delufory War. ^' The new Life which the Trade of France will receive from this Treaty will farther ap- pear, as I come to fpeak of the Difadvantages under which we have concluded a Peace with r-^^*-*"^ " Spain-, I ipp i [ 23 ] Spain ; fincc by this Treaty wc have in EfFedl left the French Heirs to our Spanijh Trade ; for we have fufFcrcd the Treaty of Commerce conclud- ed at A/tfJn^ between Great Brttain and Spain^ the 14th oi Decemb. 17 15 to fall to the Ground, for v^ant of renewing and confirming it at Aix^ where the Opportunity offered, and it might have eaiily been done before the Con- clufion of the Peace ; in confcqu'^nce of which Default the Spaniards have loaded our Goods with heavier Duties, and Goods lately im- ported into Spain by fome of our Merchants, inflead of being vended, adlually remain at this time (hut up in the Spanijh Warehoufes for want of paying thofe Duties, while the Mer- chants are feeking Redrefs. And what Re^ drefs are they likely to find ? We ftand now upon the Footing of the Treaty of Commerce concluded with Spain at Utrecht in 1713 ; and tho' the Treaty of Madrid in 1667 fays^ " That no new Cuftoms or Duties whatfo* " ever (hall be taken or encreafed other than " thofe which the Natives themfelves, and " all other Strangers are obliged to pay 5" yet we can claim no Benefit from that Treaty, but conformable to the Alterations made by ^■•;\. fubfequcnt ■'>r ii-. |:> r \: C(}4,jPwtic?r paid u^ef cj^r^nt Deoomiaa-r tiop*,^, .after A%i^^ui«^ joi Gr4tm^. &q.^ ^^ mp^f^ .an .;^(np Qqq4& to Eight aad a ii3vlfi i)^ -^tbpr^ itQ^ JSl^ne ^pd a ^alf /^r Cen(,\f\th^ ^i^dpm oi Qa^iky where they were higl^r jj^ai\ iij, V^lejfciar^ 4rragQn apd Catahma\^\\\ Jjy ai) tCxpUnatory Article of tl;ic Treaty of Ufrfc;!^ WQ made a .Compofitioji, agreeipg to P^y 10 per Cej^t. in general, on aU Qopd^ in I^euQf ttie Old Duties, exclufive of the Rights ojF ^dkav(ilfs, CaentoSy Ufz, which are expx^f^ly^'? c^eptcd, and fpr whicji we lie entirely .^t^? Mercy pf tjhe King of Spain. Why then yii^i )^9y^ \yc to Qoojplain of I Jf othqr Na- IJQUS^qQOstiaucto pay the Old Dutijes qan w^ raife j^n Outcry, ,becaufe our ovyn fooU^h Con^pofition amounts to more ? If SpaiH,hd^<^ lowered ,the Old Dijities on the Good^ of ,Ot tl^^if I|I|%tions, \yerpight have laid in fome C|aini. }wtj^ ja better Giacp J ,but Spai?^ j^aking t\Q jj^l^pr^on in tihcpOMPuties, and doing ^o-^ thing ,n^ore t];ian balding us to opr Compofitioa f let their Goods lie to be eaten up by Moths? t r-ti ^d fii r:;^^ ' t' When I looked upon the eighteenth Article of the Treaty relating to the Claims of His Britannick Majcfty, as Elcdlor of Hanover^ on the Crown of Spain, I could not believe mjr own Eyes; I queftioned if I was not i:» a Dream or Delufion. What an old antiquated Debt of Ages part, extraded out of fome mufty half-rotten worm-eaten Papers; or, as fome fay, not exifling at ail, to be fubilituted in the Place of a Debt aicknowledged by Spain on a ftatcd Account to be due to our Merchants! I turned with great Impatience to the Lift of the Plaiipotentiaries prefixed to the Treaty, I found there was no Elecftoral Plenipotentiary 70 Oi at ^t Mixyl fcwpd that.jhg Treaty was condud- ed by a J?-^r^>- N-**-. My Wonder en- crcafed ; I did not know what to believe, and what not to believe. But I have been fines informed, that fuch was the Obftinacy and Rancour of Spaing with refped to the Britijh Merchants^ that flic would not bear hearing any thmg on that Head ; that the Refolution of our Minifters to infift, and Addrefs to pro- cure Satisfadtion in ? diredl and open way failing, they had Recourfe to low Cunning, and ob- tained the Payment of a like Sum to his Mritarmick Majefty as Eledor of Hanover^ up- !0n an old Score ; but with this View, that the Money fliould really and truly be paid over to the i5r/V(/^ Merchants, who are faid at this ve- ry Hour to be very fanguine in Expedatipn of re- ceiving a Dividend each in Proportion to the Da- loages fuftained. As I kno^y you are very delicate in your Points of Faith, I have taken particular Care not to give you an improbable Story. How- ever, asi nothing of this Sort appears in theTrea- ty, I have ventured to affirm that there is not a Britijh Article in the whole. . k .., r z It is faid that the French on their part give up all they had taken. This isnot a Fa E 2 they .- I' I ! I' ^,.T- ^. 4 ■* [«8] they t<»k (M\ff'A Towns, they refiolre T&m»^ demolifli'd. They properly exchaflge a Coun- try plundcired i,tsd rttiiitd by their Coilqtteftf^ for a Country whith they were not sible to cofi^ qutr, for the Dutchies of Parma^ Placerttia and GuaJIdlla^ and the States, Countries, Placxto and Forts, taken from the Duke of Modmi and the Republic of Genoa during the War. And bow fdfe the Aflfertion is, that Franei gains nothing fbr herfelf is evident from what has been already faid cc^cerning the Iflands in the Weft'Indieh Doth not (he gain a very c<»(iderable Point with rcfpcdt to the Stipala^ tioils for DuPikiyk on the Land Side^ and Ifi in Confideration of ottt departing from th€ Treaty tfUtncbt as far as regards the Land 8ide, it redlly &nd truly intended that th(B Plkce (hould be put upon the Footing of that Treaty on the Sea-fide, why wa6 there lift Provifiort made againft the Repetition of that Abufe, with which Great Britain had dlfea^ been repeatedly treated in this Affair ? France engaged twice to demOlifli the Jett^s of the Ca-»- nal of Dunkirk, oncd at Vtrecht itt Terms M- ficiently clear and exprtlfliv^ ; and Jigiiin, at the Hague January the 4th, 1717; inTcriliS'aSplaiii, 2 as [29] ttptrticular and xkfcriptive as could pi^iTib^^, be foaricL and yet in both Ixiftanees evaded, the Execution of thofe folemn Engagements. Af- ,^ ter itich Experience, how comes it to pafs, that (if we vsre to make that Sacrifice of Qfi Breton to the French J it was not ftipu-, Iflted that the Ruin of the Port of Dun-^ kkh ftiouid in the firft place be entirely ef- fedted by levelling the Jettes with the Shore ^ While the Jettes remain, the French will alr^ ways have a Port; while they remain, tho^; the Port fliould be filled up, they would footi recover it^ in Confequence of what they will claim from our Concefiions on the Land-fide i fer the Strength of the Place on the Land-* fide confifts principally in a very wide Moait made at a confiderable Diflance beyond the Did Works, and fupplied from the Canals of Furnes^ La Moere^ Wynoxberg and Bouriourg, which on Occaiions are difcharged thro' the Sluice of Dunkirk^ and by the Difcharge will clear the Port as long as the Jettes ftand. And aa Oreat JBtttain receives nothing by this Trea* ty (for i will not call Madrafs any thing j we have a Fleet to command it) (he had flill the gfcaier- Reafon ^o demand t}ie Demolition of I M ii SI il [30] the Works of Dunkirk previous to tie Re/Ur. tution of Cape Breton^ or any Conqueft in the Eaft-Indies, To exped it afterwards, was tot be fond ^l Impofition to the lad Degree j wa$ it poffiblc our Minifters, who have lately fo plumed tHemfelves on their Clevernefs, coul4 exped it ? Upon the whole, confidering the flight fupcrficial manner in which the Affair of Dunkirk is touch'd upon in this Tranfadlipn, -I believe you will be of Opinion, that it was never intended (on the Part of the frencK I mean for on the Part of our own Mi- nifters one cannot fuppofe fo much Wickednefs and Treachery) that any more Regard (hould be paid to this 1 8 th Article relatb^ to Dunkiwk\ . than to the Title. of hk Brifarmick Majefty to- the Crown of France^ which ifi fufiered to ftand in the Preamble of the Treaty. The Word$^ too of this Article are liable to Chicaqe> but as I have already ihewn them to be incfFeduali I will not enter into that kind of Difputation* Doth not France gain too immenfe Strength^ not only by the Opportunity which (he finds for the Recovery of her Trade, but by the footing, on which (he has fettled the AiFairs of Europe^ The. Republic of Gemay the. King of . ' ~ ~" the Rcftk in thd vas tot J waj ely fo could g the ffair of tion, I rV m&s w^, I i Mi- ^ednefs £hould unkiwk^ cfty to red to Words ie» but iedtual^ itation, rength^ e findu by the Fairs of Jngof the :3i!WvSW^''«{3Car;s-i ■ f3.] „ , the two Sicilies, the Duke of Fa'rma^ &c, tlio Duke of Modena all united in the Intereft of France, What a formidable Alliance is her© formed on the Side of Italy? Nor can the French Alliance ever be departed from oy the King of PruJJia^ who muft always look on France as his Anchor, as his beft Security for the Conquefts made on the Houfe of Aufiria^ and guaranty *d to him by the prefent Treaty. Has not France in a manner fubjefted the Low-Countries to her Arms for Ages to come by the Demolition of the ftrong Towns on the Frorftier ? Has not (he opened her way into Germany by the Demolition of Fribcurg a Town of the laft Importance ? Nor is the Demolition oi Demont for opening a way into Italy to be forgotten. The Ceffions as well as V Reflitutions to be made to the Allies of France, are to be accompanied with all the Ammunition and Artillery. And the Duke o€ Modena is intitled to Satisfadlion in ready Money for the Moveables and Efi^ds, of what Nature fbever, carried off or converted into any other Form during the War. But the Towns of Mons, Aeth^ Oudenarde and Menin are to be given op to the Allies of Great Britain with- out ■asa I I la mu'. — ^ ' ; .r— . ' ■ ■• 1 'i| ^llli :-ft 1 ■ il [ 32 ] ,out the Artillery, The Words arc very re- markable: The Towns of Mom, Aeth, 6cc. the Fortifications whereof have been demo- ^ lUh'd, are to be given up without the Artillery. Doth the Strefs of the Reafon lie in this^ that it would be inconvenicu^t for the French to re- ^ilore the Artillery, which they had removed ? If this fort of Argument drawn from Inconvenience is admitted at all, it wquld be good againil any Re- ditu tlon. Or is it meant, that the greater the injury, the lefs ought to be the Redrefs i^ or is it founded on any fecret Agceement, that theie ^'jTowns (hall never again be re- fortified ? And has ^he King of France granted liis Permif!ion, that Courtray (which was likewife demolifh'd, tho' not included in this particular Recital) may again hs refortified, when the Empreis or her Poilerity can find the Means ? France has provided for her Allies at the Expence of her Enemies, hasftrength- ened herfelf in the fame Degree as (he has weak- ened them, and rendered herfelf re(pe£bib1e by all Europe ; I will not draw the Contraft to this Account, . let me rather draw a Veil gver the Difgraces of my Country. '^/-^r !^v - vTo excufe this precipitate Stepof concfud- iRg a Peace on thefe difadvantageous .Terms, ''^■f!r 7 ' ' the •i 'IW»'^'^W' r re- &c. Bino- llery. lat it re- ap If ience yRc- er the Drift it : thefe ndhas 1, that tio'not ^ain bs cy caa for her cngth- wcak- ;blc by raft to 11 over •■?' if. mclud- the [ 33 ] the Inability of the Nation to carry ^ oh the War, and the late Fall on the Price of Sub- fcriptions for advancing Money to the Public on JParliamentary Funds, is urged. It is no Secret that at the Court end of the Town many low Tools of Power, as well as fome others utterly unable y and well known to he utterly unable to anfwcr their Engagements, were let, (for ydu muft know it was a Favour ito 'fee admitted^ notwithftanding the Juppofed Difficulty of raifing the Monev) were let into a Share of the Subfcriptions, who took them with a View of making a Profit by felling them before the bays fixt for Payment. Thfe took Air, as it is no Wonder it (hould ; the m6hicdMen,Dfwhom thefe Subfcribers intend- ed to make their Market, relblved on the other Hand to make their Market of the Subfcribers : They flood aloof, well afTured that the Subfcribers would bring Neccflity with them to Market, and that they flioaM fet their own Price on the Sub- fcriptions, which accordingly happened. But it is well knowri, that the Subfcriptions difpofed of at the City-end of the Town, where it was itally meant that the Money fhould be raifed, were piin^ually performed by the Subfcribers. '" • ' " F ' And I :|t *: i \\::A And ai you ^ ft 3+ ] t you live remote in the Country, I will give you fome Account of what is gene- rally faid on this Occafion ; for though I am in general an Enemy to Refinement, and Sup- pofitions not grounded, or at Icaft ftrongly cor- roborated, by Matters of Fadt, yet this I think, is not unfupported. They fay it is evident that pur Miniftry was refolved on making a Peace, that they were refolved on enhancing the Va- lue of the Peace, by fome Events for which they were determined to make Way, previous to the Peace; that they accordingly concerted IVTeafures with the— for of Maejlricbt^ that this IS evident not only from their flrange Inattention to tlie ilrong Inllances made by Bathiani^ in his Letter of the 31,11 of Janu^ ary^ offering to undertake its Defence at the Peril of his Head, but when Chanclos^ con- trary to their Expedation, by a Meafure in which he was not warranted, put the Town |jl';ffome State of Defence, great Opportunir ties of relieving the Place were unaccountably loft* and Orders at laft: fent the Governor to furrender the Town, though flill ready and willing to defend it. So far Things feem to be clear, for nothing can be more idle than : / I that I f 35 ] that empty Sound of Words, that Maeftricht was delivered up, left a Shade ihould be caft on the Vi(florics of Count Saxe. Had Count Saxe been baffled in the Siege of Maef* tricht by any Ad of War, it had been inglori- ous, but it could not caft the leaft Shadow on his Honour, to have been prevented from taking it by a Peace. Now fay they, it is no Breach of Charity, after tracing them in their low Cunning in the Affair of Maejlrichiy and by^ judging from fimilar A(flions, to believe that they contrived to lower the Price of the Sub- fcriptions, in Order to make ufc of that Cir- cumftance as an Argument that Great Britain was under a r^eceflity of putting an End to the War on any Terms, and to enhance the Value of the Peace. It has already appeared In what Condition France was for carrying on tj?e War: And as to Great Britain^ this Ar» gument for Peace, drawn from the exhauftcd State of the Nation, is fo blended with the fifmingy though mifiaken Intereft of fuch. Numbers of People who look no farther than (he prefent Inftant, that if it had been urged s^t finy Point pf Time paft, it would have had ©lore than its diie Weight. , Bvitif this is now •^.1 v tl H. [36] re^illy th* State of the Nation, what an Aggrjf- v^ionr 18 it of that cruel Conduit of our Mi«- niftiy in difconccrting (while any Strength re- fh^ned) ev6ry Plan of Operation, and rejecting (Btcry Overture of Peace ? What an Aggrava- ribh is It of that Profufion or Rapacioufnefs with which t?hc Public Money has been either Hjuanfeed or purloined during this War ; lince if khy Gentleman will give himfelf the Trouble c^'confolting the Journals of Parlianicnt, where tht Expences of Queen Anne^% War arc parti-. cularly and minutely entered, he will find thdtt during this War we have paid in fome Iri^ fiances two or three times more, in other* four or five times more, than we paid in the Queen's War, for the very fame Things ? What an Aggravation is it of that mercilefs Ufage with which the People of Great Britain h^L^c been treated, on whom near fcven Millions were raifed for the Year 1748, though a Peace vftM (Evidently pre- determ ined ? As great however &^*bnr Expcnces have been, it is a mci«i Jcft to f^y thac fix or feven Millions (and fbr that Sum 'ybu might have prolonged the War twd T^rt, fince the Money vfik' i&taWy raifed fdf thiTear 1748, though a paciftek ir«ay) wcmW have r ^'tH^vkvj •i. ■•^r rT'T'ji* f [ 37 1 have abfolutely ruined the Nation; efpeciaUip as (he would have been fo much beneficed by the Ruin of the French Trade, which W(Hi14 have been completely efle<^ed within that Timf in the Ea/i and ^efi Indies^ in the Levant aG4 Mediterranean^ and every other Part of tl^ World whatever. I could bring manyThingt in Support of what is here advanced, concern-^* ing the Practicability of carrying on the War^ if the low Intereft on which the Money, was raiLd for the Year 1748, *^rnujnting togethw with the Value of the Premium to not 4/* 10 x* fer Cent, was not fuffieient to fatisfy any im- partial Man on that Head^— -— As to the Gua- . ranty of the Eledorate, I will fay but littlej • for tho' there are who complain greatly that it defeats the Intention of the Adt of Settlement, yet the Arguments, which they alledge in Sup^ port of that Poiition, tho' ftrong, appear liable to Evafion. n^^/>^vt^;^'>^^, .<«.■. v.^-F-iiii^lei b^i I^^The next Queftion is, -- ^? nf>::,uv;, -,:;.*, ii'^Haa this Peace the Marks of Durability i> For if we have foregone all thofc J3en/e6t^^ which . v^ might have ^feaped by 41; (hgrt €on# tiMiahcc of the War^ to obtain an unjertairt tid prccarioiis Peiee :i^ it hfM be a great Ag-* ^titSf'^'^ grvation i i JfA jl^ '.:( I: ■ i. tl [ 38 ] gravation of our Misfortunes, and will add to our Difgrace. And yet it is to be ap- prchcncfcd that France, after having put hej Mfirine in Order, and in fome degree re- ' paired other Damages cnfuing from a War, will prefumc on her Succefs, will prcfume on the Indignities to which Great Br if am has fubmittcd by ihis Treaty, will purfue her Blow, and add Infult to Infult, carrying her- felf with that Height of Pride, as if the Ge- nius of France had gained the Afoendant over the Genius of Great Britain, 'till fhe provoke the Britijb Spirit to a new War. Nor is this ^eace in any other Refpedl calculated to pre- vent future Broils; but on the contrary the Seeds of new Difturbances are evidently pre- ferved. Our Right to the Demolition of the Works of Dunkirk on the Sea-fide is not ex- prcfsly given up, the Means of coming at that Right are given up -, nor was there Courage Irx our Miniftry to fix that Affair either one way or the other. We arc on fuch a Footing with Spiin^in refpcdl to the Treaty of Commerce of 171 3, that no one can think apy folid Foundation of Amity laid between the twp ^j[alioDs. Npr c^n I pfs pver ;n Silence the ^T add ap- her re- N2Sy ume itain her • her- over ovoke this • [ 39 1 Negled of not exprefsly declaring that thd Allies {hould be at Liberty to re- fortify Mons^ Aeth^ Oudenarde and Menin : No one can novy doubt that France would immediately take Umbrage in cafe of fuch an Attempt, wouli complain of Defigns formed on her State, and with her Arms difturb the Works j if nothing of this fort (hould happen, it is more owing to the Inability of the Emprefs than the Care of the Treaty ; however it is far from an Im- \ ^ Ability to put the Affairs of the Loiv Couu" tries in a better Condition, and after fome Time and proper Regulations to raife Funds f )r mak- ing thoie Places defendble. But J know not how to exprefs to you the Amazement which I was under when I perceived that nothing was provided to remedy that Evil which gave Rife to Jie lafl War, and in the common Courfe of Things mufl inevitably produce ano-f^ ther. \i lot aftonifhing that we (hould at the Time of our Negotiation have rode triumphant in the Seas of the Eafl and Weft Indies^ of Africa and Europe^ abfolute Lords of the Ocean, and yet could not procure that fingle NavaJ Ad^.ntage, or rather that common Juftice that' our SaJp:^ (hould go free from the Search of the Spaniard? Is m fii ■,i •' ii [40] ' Is It poffible that we could not obtain an Fxemption from the Tyranny, Infults and Depredations of a People whom we had hum- bled fe' that degree, whofe Fleets and Mer- chants Veflels (to ufe the Expreffion of the Dutth Admiral) we had fwept from off the Seas? riaving thefe Things in View, you cannot avoid acknowledging the great Fcafibility, which there was at Aix^ ^f fccuring Satisfaflion to the Natioii ifi this imp. nt tbirtt; nor can thefe Events fSil bringing to yotsr Memory the Ad- drefles with refped: to a future 'I*reaty, fent froiii both Houfes of Parliament to the Throiio, re- prcfenting ** their Rdiahce on hid Majefty, •*• that effedual Care will be taken, that the ** Freedom of Navigation in th^ American ^^ Seas may be fully iccured and eftablifli'd " for the future ; and thit his Majefty's Sub- ' "^ Jeds may enjoy iirinioiefted their undoubt- ** ed Right of navigating and trading to and *' froiw any part of his Majefty's Dortiinions, ivithout being liable to be flop'd, Vifited, or fearch'd on the open Seas, as the only Means to prcierve upon a hjling Foundation a good Correspondence and Friendfhip betW^en the two Crowns." And again, Nov, the 23d, 1739, • that tc It 4C B^ n an and hum- Mer- f the F the annot vhich to the 1 thefe e Ad. tfroiii he, rc- lajefty, liat the ttierlcan ablifli'd r's Sub- idoubt- to and ti'mionSy (ited, or y Means 1 2k good reen the ^,1739. that ■I [41] that his Majfetty would not make any Peace, ^eaty, or Agreethent with the King of Spain, unlefs that Prince gives up all Right and Pre- ifinfions whatever to vifit, fearch, or moleft any of the Britijh Ships trading to the Weji- Indies. l}ow comes it then to pafs that wherever the Sehfe of Parliament has been declared^ it is a 'cidJAftant Rule with thefe People to go in diredt Oppofltion to it ? Is it the Effedl of Exulta- tion in the Enjoyment of their hitherto. ^^inli- li&Xtii Pov^ei' > Or, is there" a Defiea^ormed of debafing tfje Htonoiir of P , bf ren- dering its Wiwom ahd Authority contempti- bfe in thfe fey^BS of the People ? Can the — -^ Be ^rcvkiled oti to fay and unfay, to do and undo^ to approve and difapprove backwards and lori^ards, agaih and again the very fame things ? Oris it expedled that we ihould transfer that bependanee and Confidence which we ufed to repSfe in the great Council of the Nation to tfieie Guardians of BritiKh JSomut, thefe Con^ jiriiiiors of our Rights and tioMies f 1 oWn I afii^at a Lo)S,* n6r ciii I fee for wftat Piirpofe m^ik t^eafiireS are calculated but to confound tK#''eomm'on'$)^hf^ of Marikindl for thefe V^, i A ^ Gentlemen, ! i BE n h 'tl I I •i Gentlemen would take it in extreme ill Part, If one (hould fuppofe, that their Memory and Ability failed them to fo great a degree in thefc Tranfadions. But that you may be informed of what pafleth here, I muft tell yoii it is faid by fome that there is a Trea- ty of Commerce with Spain on the Car- pet at prefent, while others fay, this Report proceeds from Minifterial Artifice; for that, as Things of the grcateft Importance in this Cojintry are looked upon as a. nine-days Won- der only, and the Bufinefs is to weather the Storm during that Time, the Miniftry for this end endeavour, by feeding the People's Expectation, and amufing them with fome^ thing which remains to be done to leden ^heir Refentment againft the prefent Tri^aty 'till they g?t It approved. But if there is another Trea- ty for the Purpofes fuggefled in Agitation^ 1 look' on it in a very different Light, and very far froni furni(hing an Exci^fe for the Me^ fures of our Miniftry; on, the contraty, . it is , aa irrefragable , Propf, (if, father Proof :was neceflary) of what has been laid ito their Charge, th»t thcv have concladcd f^.f^e^cc >. >x . "Oil Past, and ic in ^ -be ; tdl rrea- Car- Icport that, 1 this Won- rcathcr Iry for copK« fomc- n jhcir U Acy Trca- ion* 1 d very ary, it their on ^[43 1 •n a dishonourable, difadvantagcbus and uil- certain Foot, and by thofe Means facrificcd the Britijh Intercft, and put this Country in the Hands of her Enemies j for the Reft abfo- . kitely depends on them. We have figned a Treaty, and if we have any regard to Things human or divine, we muft obferve it. If we have negledted to renew our Treaties of Cona- merr- Spain is no farther engaged. If we have left u. decided the free Navigation of the A" ^ merican Seas, Spain is not obliged to declare % herfelf on that Head, (he may fufpend the Ex* ercife of her pretended Right 'till (he fees a fit Opportunity to exert it when we may difpute it by another War. Viewing Things in this Light, can any one be fo fooli(hly fond of Im« pofition to believe that Spain, whom we have haraffed and irritated by nine Years War, fo late-^ ly our declared Enemy, and at prefent very far from our Friend, as her prefent Meafures evi-^, dently (hew, will be induced by fine Speeches to ncgledt ihz French, hy whom flie has been fo powerfully fupported againft us, to whom fhe owes the Eftabliflim^nt of Don Phiiip ia Italy^ (uid £rant us thofe Advantages in Trade, , ;*r. which ■ w I ! ; I ! •#•: - . / C 44 ] - which we fhal' ; fk j upon rcprelehtirtg that at jUx, we die 'r rightly underftand what we were upon, and praying Relief like Infants, who have done an Adt of which they were not competent Judges ? Will that Conduct which was fo deficieftt at Aix, be more preva- lent at Madfid under greater Difadvintages ? will Spain merely to gratify a late Foe, renounce that Domhiion which (he claims over the A- ,^ ffierican "^siSy and has defended at fo great an '#Expence? No. If {he now grants, we muft * pay what /be /hall reckon an Equivalent. We muft now purchafc, what we might have kte- *^ ly demanded at Aix, and if we had; demanded * -with a proper Spirit, mufl have obtained. May Qihfakar never be that Purchafe ! My Heart * forebodes ill, tho' the Miniftcrial Efforts made \. in the City by Means of an eminent Citizen, have had no other Effect than to recoil on him- iclf. Heavens ! Will the Difgraces and Cala- mities of this Country never have an Eridl u After having fook'd on all Sides, lean fee ho i? Probability of the Permanency bf this Pfe^ce' bdt from one Qg4f tet^, our Inability of r&«cbitfiil6nc« A- ■ ' - . •—i.j.-. — - •- ._. o Ai- ^ ing .<;: hX r^v ■"»■ ^^■'fr>'mm%', *'*■' ^.■ 4 ■ I "w^* IT; *^K: '- .••*' f 45 ] 1 at ^ ete .ua eva- ges? ance .t an muft We e kte- andcd May Heart made Itizen, Cala- dl cd m irieAC- "* , ing a War, ahd that Load of onalfe^oifntabie • Debt, with which we arc (hackled, wb^k Jnte- rcft like a Vultur knaws our Heart. And t upon this (ingle Con(ideration I recant ; I o\yn « it deftroys all I have before in(i(led upon; Iac«# knowledge our Miniftry have efFe mands, and if there is any Confolation iH hav- ^ ing a Companion to (hare in your Conceni, % you may be well aiTured I heartily fympathize #■ $ t N 1 S, >^h ^ « .1 » .* ,«; ' * . *.'^-**^ '* \ ^^^^h't*.- * * *A r. ii*.