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 ^^^"T^.l ;. i' J .:?'•■..- 'V 
 
 
 
 jphe Beeisi©^ 
 
 BY 
 
 BUSHROD W. JAMES. 
 
 ■*. %r*7 
 
 4m p 
 
 \ K' 
 
 PHILADELPHIA, PA. 
 
 1894. 
 
 

 PPPP^i 
 
 « • •* a • » B • ••« ■ ■ 
 
 
 COPYRlGHtED, 1894, BY BUSH ROD V^«^ JAMES. 
 
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 Alaska's Great Future. 
 
 The Decision 
 Regarding Bering Sea. 
 
 ^HE question has been settled by arbitra- 
 jJG^ t ion, that for the first time since theUnited 
 States became an independent nation, it 
 has laid a claim to that in which it had 
 no right 1 Perhaps the government is 
 satisfied with the decision, and undoubt- 
 edly the debts that have been acknowl- 
 edged by this false position will be honorably paid. 
 But there are thousands of far-seeing citizens who 
 will feel that this is only the beginning of a series 
 of losses, in which that produced by pelagic seal 
 fishing will be but as a drop of rain in a summer 
 shower. 
 
 The seal industry, beyond its extreme import- 
 ance to the commercial company and to the Aleuts, 
 or the inhabitants of the islands in Western 
 Alaska, is but a minor consideration when com- 
 
BAY 2, '§** 
 
 pared with the valuable salmon, cod, halibut and 
 other fisheries, which, if extensively cultivated 
 as they should be, would yield surprising 
 returns for all necessary expenditure. If all 
 other nations have privileges of sealing in Bering 
 Sea, they will soon discover means by which to 
 obtain possession of a good part of its other pro- 
 ducts, or if that is not practicable, their presence 
 in the waters will greatly interfere with the 
 propagation of those more numerous, and conse- 
 quently more valuable denizens of the sea. 
 Other large animals, the walrus, whale, sea otter 
 and sea lion, who are periodic sojourners in that 
 neighborhood, are extremely timid and wary and 
 must therefore suffer from the presence of the 
 sealing vessels, and their numbers will soon be 
 lessened, if they are not entirely exterminated 
 from their haunts, thereby depriving the natives 
 on some of the remote and lonely islands, of the 
 greater part of their livelihood. It must naturally 
 follow that with greatly augmented forces toward 
 the securing of seal skins and the frightening 
 away, if not the capture, of those other mammals, 
 together with the un^^onted interference with 
 the food fishes and tho fisheries for the same 
 
— 3 — 
 
 "^ 
 
 (which if carefully protected would produce 
 an almost unlimited supply for home consump- 
 tion as well as for foreign trade, both in salted 
 and canned varieties), the time must soon come 
 when the island populations will be reduced to 
 positive suffering for want of food. There should 
 be immediate legislation for the protection of 
 those distant people who may some day become a 
 verj important class of citizens, for to them must 
 be in considerable part intrusted the development 
 of the great future industries of the territory ; be- 
 cause they are native to the climate and they 
 throughly understand the location and habits of 
 the furbearing wild animals and of the numerous 
 kinds of superior food fishes. We can not resist the 
 antagonism which will in the future naturally 
 arise against the decision of that Arbitration. 
 
 Had England purchased Alaska from Russia 
 her usual shrewdness of diplomacy is an evidence 
 that she would never have submitted so plausible 
 a right to any arbitration whatever. She would 
 have sent war ships to guard the pass, between 
 Attoo and Copper islands ; she would have 
 demanded Russia's co-operation in protecting 
 their co-equal interests ; she would have defied 
 
 205353 
 
— 4 — 
 
 the world to gainsay that one half of the wliole 
 expanse of Bering Sea and its contents, animals 
 or islands, and its inflowing streams were not 
 properly purchased by her and legally ceded to 
 her by the Czar of Russia I And now what has 
 been opened to her acute diplomacy in this 
 conclusion of European International Arbi- 
 tration ? 
 
 Bering Sea is the Pacific Ocean, the Pacific 
 Ocean is open to all nations to explore and if any 
 unprotected property therein is discovered or 
 rather, re-discovered, the attempt may be made 
 to claim it and possession may be undertaken 
 by the government under which such "dis- 
 coverers" sail. It is only a question of time until 
 it will be seen that the expanse of "cold, green 
 water" so scornfully mentioned by some one in 
 argument, is not so unimportant, and that those 
 who have been so anxious upon the "seal quest- 
 ion" knew that it was only the pivot upon which 
 far superior and most vital American questions 
 are incumbent. 
 
 There is but one plan for the United States to 
 pursue now, in order to secure her natural rights, 
 and that is to fit out more good vessels and honest, 
 
 1 
 J 
 
~ 5 — 
 
 loyal seamen, and to continue sending them into 
 the Bering Sea as she is doing. Let us hold pos- 
 session of every islard and islet which is not al- 
 ready possesed by Russia, or within the legal dis- 
 tance of the Russian coast; let the world know that 
 the Stars and Stripes float over every foot of Alas- 
 kan land that we purchased, and that no part of 
 it is for sale or gift or sacrifice, and let the govern- 
 ment and its navy see to it that no marauder 
 shall interfere 1 
 
 All this for Bering Sea and the Fur Seals ? 
 No I but to guard the pass that will one day 
 be one of the most important commercial factors 
 in the world I Bering Strait is the slender key 
 which will one day open the door to overland 
 commerce between the Old World and the New. 
 England, always alert, sees it, and the settlement 
 of the Seal Arbitration so favorable to her, has 
 given the one step forward — the long aggressive 
 stride — for which she was looking. 
 
 The seals are not so important to England. She 
 obtains a good large revenue from them already, 
 and has done so, ever since English dyeing and 
 dressing gained a world-famed superiority over 
 all others. But an islet or two in Bering Sea, 
 
— 6 — 
 
 or a tract of coast land, if only large enough 
 upon which to plant a flag-staff and conduct a 
 cannery, will be sufflcient ground upon which to 
 base another arbitration scheme, and upon that 
 right a claim to the enormouc revenue which 
 ought some day to accrue to the fnited States 
 from the commerce between the Eastern and 
 WesternHemispheres, which is inevitable to occur 
 across the Bering Strait I It is true that this 
 railroad communication between the populated 
 portions of Bussia and America seems so distant 
 as to be chimerical, but so appeared the Tele- 
 graph, the Telephone and the Electric Motor in 
 years past, 
 
 Kussia is already building her railroad to 
 Bering Sea, and American capitalists are planning 
 the construction of an Alaskan railway, so that 
 it can easily be seen what vast commercial and 
 national interests are at stake in this quarter. 
 
 It is plausible to conclude that the United 
 States must hereafter take the settlement of her 
 claims into her own hands as sister n'ations have 
 always done. There is no need for war or threats 
 of war, for the Republic is old enough and strong 
 enough to guard her own without the force of arms I 
 
 ( 
 
« 
 
 — 7 — 
 
 
 t 
 
 Let her see to it that her flag is planted, and re- 
 mains, at every point at which there is danger of 
 infringement upon that which ". 'egally her rights, 
 and then let her be ready to protect them as did 
 the thirteen little colonicv. theirs a century ago. 
 Let Russia and the United Stn tc^join hands across 
 the narrow strait and in pea te with all nations, 
 let the young Republic secure by good stateman- 
 ship, full national and commercial importance 
 in that region. And one very important act of that 
 statesmenship should be this positive refusal to 
 sell, cede, or in any manner part with a single foot 
 of that Territory to any foreign power, or to any 
 individual other than a loyal citizen of the United 
 States. Let the Country be thoroughly explored 
 and its intrinsic value made known. Canadian 
 interests are English interests, and if tracts even 
 of almost unexplored land are sold to them we 
 place in their hands a legal force against our own 
 most preponderate rights in theNorth-west which 
 the new century will ceopure and deplore, when 
 the great wealth of Alaska is fully realized. Alas- 
 ka is the very keystone of the grandest commer- 
 cial enterprise that has ever been developed I 
 Will not our wise diplomats and statesmen guard 
 
— 8 — 
 
 it with just, liberal and protective legislation, 
 and bestow upon it, naval, military, judicial and 
 educational support ? And will they not, for the 
 benefit and credit of our national welfare in the 
 brilliant future, refuse to part in any manner 
 with even a small portion of its valuable pur- 
 chase ? 
 
 BusHROD W. James. 
 
^^■^■1^1 
 
 iHlMiiii 
 
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 z-^"' 
 
 ALASKAN A. 
 
 Legends of Alaska 
 
 in Pleasing and Entertaining Descriptions 
 
 BY 
 
 Bushrod W. James, 
 
 402 pages, fully illustrated and beautifully bound. 
 
 Price, $2.00. 
 Second Edition. 
 
 PORTER & COATES/ Piiil^^iplila, Pa., 
 ■ 1893. ■ "'■■-;:''; -;^ \ 
 
 J^mey(Va/\ lRerOYtri(DV( matter 
 
 BY 
 
 
 Bushrod W. James. 
 
 The H^ialthHesoiTts of fltneirica 
 
 , I 
 
 classified and their merits noted. 
 
 Price, 12.00. 
 F. A. DAVIS & CO.; Philadelphia, Pa., 
 
 1889. 
 
 I- ' 1' J