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L * * Dean and Professor of Medicine * * I „ ^ . ^ "^ Printed by J. H. Osgood, Watehviub, P. Q, ^fk J : : ^ : I ''•'^"•"'■'"-""-— "-■ Medical Faculty. History of the formation of thf Mf;i)icau FAcn/rv of thk Univkrsity of Bishop's CouLKciK. Those who in the early part of the present centnry, established in Montreal, the first Medical School in Canada, now the Facnlty of Medicine of McCxill University, were far seeintr men. The fntnre of Montreal, as a centre for Medical education was evidentlv not beyond the horiscope of their vision. Events have thoroum to have been twenty years later. It was this condition which induced the formation of the St. Lawrence School of Medicine, a copy of whose first and only announcement was as follows: — ST, LAWRENCF: school of MEDICINE of MONTREAL. . Incorporated by Act of Provincial Parliament. The Winter Course of Ledlures at this School will commence on Monday the 3rd of November 1851 and will be conducted as follows: — Midwifery and Diseas- es of Women and Child ren. Institutes of Medicine, Physiology, Patholo- jj^y atui' Therapeutics Theory and Practice of Surgery. Anatomy, Descriptive and vSurgical. F. C. T. ARNOLDI, M.D.. late Lecturer on Midwifery, School of Medicine, and on Med- ical Jurisprudence McGill College. =nrgeon Montreal General Hospital, and member of the Board of Examiners College of Physicians and Surgeons I<, C. GEORGP: D. GIBB, M.D., L.R.C.S.I., Physi- cian to the Montreal Dispensary. R. L. MacDonnell M D, L.K., Q.O P. and R. C.S.I., late Lecturer on Institutes of Medicine, and on Clinical Medicine, McGill College late Surgeon to the Montreal General Hospital. THOMAS WALTER JONES. M.D., L.R C. vS.E., 9.00 o'clock A. M. 10.00 o'clock A.M. 11.00 o'clock A. M. 2.00 o'clock P. M. MMmUmtm A. H. DAVID, M.D., L.R.C.S.K.. IMiysiciun Theory and Practice of ^^ tj,e Montreal General Hospital, Member of 5°° o'clock P. M. Medicine. Materia Medica and Pharniacv. Ophthalmic and Aur- al Surgery. Chemistry. Botany. Clinical Medicine. Clinical Surgery, Comparative Anatomy and Zoology. the Board of Examiners College of Phy.sicians and Surgeons L. C. CKORK K. FENWICK. M.D.. Physician to the Montreal Dispen.sary, late Curator to the Museum, Mc(iill College. HENRY HOWARD, M.R.C.S.I., Surgeon to the Montreal Eye and Ear Institution. ROBERT PALMER HOWARD, M.D , L.R. C.S.E., Physician the Montreal Dispensary. At the Montreal General Hospital by Dr. DAVID. At the Montreal General Ho.spital by Dr. ARNOLD!. Dr. (ilBB. 4.00 o'clock P. M 5.00 o'clock P. M 7.00 o'clock P. M « * « Noon Noon * -x- * Anatomy being the basis of Medicine and Surgery special care will be devoted to its cultivalion, and every facility will be afforded the pupil by dis- sections and demonstrations; and in order to enable him to prosecute his studies in this department more profitably, the dissedling rooms will be lighted with gas and will be kept open from 6 A. M. to 11 P. M. daily, dur- ing which time competent demonstrators will attend to superintend the pupils. The business of this School will be carried on in a commodious build- ing, situate in the immediate vicinity of the Montreal General Hospital, containing a large theatre, spacious and well ventilated dissedling rooms, and a Museum of Human and Comparative Anatomy and Pathology. Five Ledlures will be delivered weekly throughout the session, on each branch (excepting Forensic Medicine, Clinical Medicine, Clinical Sur- gery, Opthalmic and Aural Surgery, Botany and Comparative Anatomy, and Zoology, each of which will be a three months Course.) from ist Novem- ber to end of April, in conformity with the rules of the College of Physicians and Surgeons of Lower Canada. They will be illustrated by numerous pre- parations, a large collection of plates, drawings, models and casts; and the re- cent discoveries in Physiology and Pathology will be practically taught by means of / chromatic Microscopes by the Lecturers on these branches. .Ample opportunities for Midwifery practice will be afforded to the Senior students in l;hat branch, under the immediate superintendence of the Lecturer. Students attending the lectures on Ophthalmic and Aural Surgery will have the privilege of witnessing the practice at the Montreal Eye and Ear Institution, during the session. Board and lodging can be obtained at moderate rates in the vicinity of the School. KiHi^UMaii 3 The fees for the lectures will be the same as at the University of McGill College. For fi^rther particulars apply to A. H. DAVID M. D. Secretary. N. B. — The certificates of this School being recognized by all the principal Colleges in (ireat Britain and the United States, it will be to the advantage of students intending to complete their professional education in either of these countries, to attend the courses of lectures of this school. The St. Lawrence School of Medicine only existed for one session. The cause which it is said, terminated its existence, should ha\e prevented its birth. This was the facfl that it could not compete on equal terms with McGill University. — The graduates from McCiill received their license from the College of Physicians and Surgeons of Lower Canada, without further examination as to their knowledge and skill. — Those whose Medical course would have been completed at the St. Lawrence School, had it lived and re- quiring the Provincal License, would 'ave had to present themselves, before the College of Physicians and Surgeons of Lower Canada for examination on all the branches of Medical Science. The examiners of this Board, were, many of them Professors in McGill. I have been told by several who were Lecturers in the St. Lawrence School, that it was not considered either wise or fair, to submit the chance of their students getting fair play from a Board largely composed of rival Professors. With the termination of its first ses- sion — the St. Lawrence School of Medicine therefore closed its doors. The spirit, however, which had brought to life this School did not die. On the contrary it continued to grow and gain rorce, and when I enter- ed upon my professional life in 1862 in the city of Montreal, I found among many, a feeling of the necessity for a new, or if you like the word better, an opposition School of Medicine in this city. Various reasons may be as- signed for this feeling, and they may briefly be epitomised as follows: — (i) A desire to have an up-to-date School, for the only existing Englbh School had been for years running in the groove, which it had long followed, some subjedls taught in England and the United States or more elaborately taught, not yet having been added to its curriculum. (2) A feeling that the members of the profession, outside of this school, had no chance to secure Hospital and other appointments — for when vacancies for these occured, candidates from the outside profession, were met with the united opposition of this School. (3) This same opposition was evident in private pradlice, and gave rise to nu- merous heart burnings. It was felt that the formation of a new Medical School, would afford an opportunity of at least attempting to re(5lify some of these grievances, and ii successful, place the profession generally in a more satisfac- tory condition. It was very generally expressed that a new School would be beneficial in many ways, and that McGill had not pre-occupied every avenue to science. How keen this feeling was, even at the foundation of the "School HMIH of iVIedicine and Surj^ery", will be understood 1)\- the foUovvitij^ lines taken from the le(5lure delivered at its opening 1)\- Dr. vSutherland. "What exclu- sive rij.>^ht is possessed b>' this Faculty? What species of idolatry is it which ou^ht to enforce us to blindly worship the memory of its departed founders, in permittinj^^ their representatives to hold within an iron j^rasp, all the re- putation derivable from such a source. What has rendered this i)lace a shrine at which they alone are to receive honiaj^e." I found 'his feelinj.^- stronj^^ in 1862, I saw it j^rovv year by year until in 1871 it cuiminated in the formation of the Medical Faculty of Bishop's CoUej^e. This new teach- ing'; body, was free from the central point of weakness, which had wrecked the vSt. Lawrence School of Medicine. It was, like the Medical School of Mc(iill, the F'aculty of a University. The early history of this F'aculty of Medicine, and of its creation may not as yet possess the interest which at- taches to older institutions. It is however advisable that its history should be written while some of those who participated in its formation are still alive. When time shall havetj^iven antiquity to an institution still in its youth — but a youth of vigour, enerj^y, and promise, it doubtless will be surrounded by hosts of friends. These will realise and we believe appreciate the untir- ing, unpaid energy and determination of its founders, who brushed aside all obvStacles, till sucess rewarded their efforts. In January 1871, Dr. Charles Smallwood, Dr. Kingston, Dr. A. H. David, and Dr. E. H. Trenholme, met and discussed the formation of a School of Medicine in Montreal, in connec- tion with the University of Bishop's College, Lennoxville. The decision be- ing in the affirmative, it was decided to ask me to assist them in the work. Having accepted the proposal, I attended a meeting at Dr. David's house in Beaver Hall Terrace, on the evening of ist February 1 87 1, when the four gentlemen named above were present: The following telegram was read: — St. Hilaire. ist. February, 1871. To Dr. Hingston, More particulars of Aledical Corporation required, give them in person, it will hasten matters. Signed T. E. Campbkul. Major Campbell, C.B. who signed this telegram was Seignor at St. Hilaire, and a warm friend of Bishop's College up to his death in August 1872. He was a lineal de.scendent of the Campbells of Inverawe, and served in several Imperial Regiments, his last I believe being the 7th Hussars. The Faculty of Medicine of Bishop's College, owe to him a debt of gratitude for the active interest he took in its formation. It was decided to send Dr. David to Lennoxville, and he accordingly left that night, to lay before the Board of Trustees, a proposition for the establishment of a Medical School in Montreal, in connection with the Uni- versity of Bishop's College. On the 3rd of February Dr. David, reported to the above five named gentlemen that his interview with the Board of Trustees of Bishop's College, had been very satisfactory — the following resolution hav- ing been passed by them. T "That it is the iiuaiiiiiKnis opinion of the jj^entlenien present at this meeting. ... that the proposal to affiliate to the University, the Medical School abont to be formed in Montreal, consi.sting of . . . .and others, is one of the highest importance to the University, and with this view the gentlemen now present will reqnest the President of the Corporation at the earliest pos- sible period to call a meeting of the Corporation to consider this proposal." On the 9th of March 1871, a special meeting of the Corporation of Bi.shop's College, was held in the Cathedral vSchool house (now Synod Hall) the Hon. Edward Hale, Chancellor of the University — being in the chair. A motion accepting the offer of the propo.scd Medical vSchool, and that it go into operation not later than the following Odlober, was unanimously passed. The following gentlemen were then appointed Professors in the Medi- cal Faculty of Hishop's College:— Charles Smallwood, M.D., L.L.D., D.C.L., Professor of Midwifery. A. H. David, M.D., Kdin., L.R.C.S. Kdin., Professor of the Theory and PracHiice of Medicine. William H. Hingston, M.I)., L.R. C.S., Edin., Professor of Surgery. • Francis Wayland Campbell, M.D., L.R.C.P. London, Professor of Institutes of Medicine. Edward H. Trenholme, M.D., B.C.L., Professor of I^Iateria Medica. Dr. Smallwood was named Dean and Dr. F. W, Campbell, Registrar at a meeting of the new Faculty held on the 14th of March at Dr. Hingston's house. On the 1 8th. of March at a Faculty meeting, a code of rules for its government was adopted. The only rule worthy of .special mention, was the following: — "Should the resignation of any professor be deemed advan- tageous to the interest of the School he shall, upon the written request to do so of any six of his colleagues, resign forthwith his appointment." From this date till the 7th of June, the F'aculty was engaged in the work of com- pleting its formation. On this day it struck its first shoal, by Dr. Small- wood, severing his conne(5lion with it, on account of having "received an ap- pointment from the Signal Office of the United States War Department, and also from the Hon. Minister of Marine and F^isheries" which would oc- cupy all his spare time. The resignation was accepted and Dr. Hingston eledted Dean in his place. At the annual Convocation of the University held at Lennoxville, in the latter part of June, the Faculty attended, each member receiving the degree of M. A. honoris causa. The end of July the Faculty issued its first annual announcements, which created no small ex- citement, as it had been hoped by many, that the efforts which had been put forth to strangle its birth would have been successful. The faculty at the time stood as follows: — Wm. H. Kingston, M.D., L.R C.S.E., D.C.L., Prof. Principles and Pradlice of Surgery, Dean of the Faculty. Aaron H. David, M.D , Edin. L.R.C.S.E., D.C.L., Prof. Theory and PraAice of Medicine. Robert T. Godfrey, M.A., M,D , Prof, of Midwifery and Diseases of Women and Children. Jean Lukin Leprohon, M.A., M.D., Prof, of Hygiene. Francis W. Campbell, M.A., M.D., L.R.C.P., Lond. Prof. Of Institutes of Medicine, Registrar of Faculty. Edward H. Trenholme, M.A. M.D B.C L., Prof, of Materia Medica and Therapeutics. J. Baker Edwards, M.A. Ph.D , D.C.L., Prof, of Chemi.stry, Pra<5lical Chemistry, and Microscopy. ^SSSSaSSBBSHI' nrssssiBS' o Richard A. Ktmu-dy, M.A. M.I)., I'rot. of Atiatoiiiy. William (ianlm-r, M A., M.I).. I'rof. of Mi-dioal Juris|)ru(leiK(.'. (Vc'orKc Wilkiiis, M.A., M.I) Prof, of Pathology. Silas K. Tahh, M A., M.I)., Prof, of notnny. James Perrij.(o, M..\ , M.D., M R.C S IvtiK . nemotistrator of .\tialomyand Cuffitorof Museum. The .second vici.s.sittide of the Faculty came about soon after its first .'innonncement was issued, and was tlie witlidrawal of Dr. Hinj^ston (now Sir William Kingston) from the Dcansliij) and Profe.s.sorship of Snr^ery. This acflion on his part havinj.;^ become neces.sary in order to retain his connection with his Ho.spital (the Hotel Dien). It appears that many yc^rs previonsly, the Medical control of this Ho.spital, was by notarial deed, placed in the hands of the Montreal School of Medicine (at this time affiliated with Vic- toria College, CobourjT, Ont.). On the annonncement of the Medical Facnlty of Hi.shop's College, bein;.*; placed in the hands of the pnblic, Dr. Hino-ston, was notified by the Montreal School, thron<»-h its Secretary, the late Dr. Pelletier, that he mn.st .sever his connection with Bishop's College, or his connection with the Hotel Dien wonld cea.se on a date named. The fntnre of the new School was of conr.se nncertain, and alter weij^hincr well the pour ct co}itri\ he determined, with deep rej.;^ret, to withdraw. I need hard- ly say that the Facnlty felt that Dr. Hinj.>;.ston's retirement was a .severe blow. Several meetin<;-s were held, and the .situation thoront^hly and tlunif^^ht fully discu.s.sed. The decision, was to proceed, and prepare for the openinir of the School in October. Dr. David was elected Dean and Dr. (Godfrey was tran.s- ferred to the chair of Surj»-ery, Dr. Trenholme to that of Midwifery, and Dr. Kollmyer was taken into the School and elected Profe.s.sor o^' Materia Medica. The future being- now clear, the Faculty be leave and ^a to McCiiU Colk'^c. Depressed by this desertion, luil not dis- couraged, I lectured for a whole week to the reniaininjj^ nuMnber of tbc class, when Mr. Costij^an returned to his first love. He attended the Colleen- for three years, and j^raduated, M. I), from Hishop's, April, 1H74. The means used to detach Mr. Costi}.jan were not fa.' •. I will not >'v more, thonj^di the details arc as clear in my mind today as if they had occured but veslerdav. By the time the rcjjfislration book closed in December, twf^ntv-five students had rej^istered their names. On the 4th, of April, 1872 — the first Convocation of the Faculty took place at Lennoxville — the Chancellor of the Universitv — the late Hon. Kdward Hale — conferrinj.; dej^ree.s. The entire Faculty were present. The following are the names of the first j^rad- uatin^^ cla.ss: — Wolfred I). E. Nelson, Montreal One. Henry vS. Cunninj^ham, St. Catherines Ont. Philipje Deselets Three Rivers Que. Joseph F. Lanouette, Champlain One. Andre Latour, Lachine Que. Richard Webber, Richmond Que. The first .session was considered as beinj^^ more than satisfaflory. As a result of tliis success, the idea of erecting a buildinj;- for occupation dv the School, was mooted and seriously discu.s.sed. There were difficulties in the wav — financial diflficultie.s — of course. The.se were .soon relieved b%' a ircuer- ous offer on the part of Dr. ( Godfrey, our Professor of Surj^ery, to erect such a buildinjjc as the School required, on the F'acnlty a^reein^ to pay interest on the cost. I need hardh- say that this offer was accepted. Plans were ])re- pared and discussed and fiuall\- adopted. That such an idea had ver\- early in the history of the F'acult\- taken root, is proved by the fact that Dr. Hin- on its teaching staff. It requires Hospital facili- ties for its clinical teaching. Will not some man or number of men, possessed of the means, come forward in answer to the appeal which is being made for this object? The Faculty has done, and is doing good work, and deserves recognition. The establishment of this Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, has ex- erted a most beneficial effect upon the entire University. The name of Bishop's College is known to-day in every quarter of the Globe, and this is very largely due to its Medical P'aculty. If the friends of the University, would remember that its Faculty of Medicine, is as integral a part of it, as the Facilities of Arts and Divinity, it would inspire additional enthusiasm among its workers. I hope the future — the near future will show evidence of it. Francis Wayland Campbell M.A., M.D., L.R.C.P. Lond., /).('./.. Dean, Faculty of Medicine, University of Bishop's College. vammiim^mmmmmammmmmmi^mammmmmmmmmamesrxB> vmmi_ g mMaL...' l. -... ' lui'Nj ' i",-.^. ^ ,..-^ "!