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Les diagrammes suivants illustrent la mAthode. 1 2 3 1 2 3 4 5 8 ■""'^^ ^— TV mr'--r7K5>' 1-s -"O M- H I s t'o i# OP THE . *^ OF%lE ^^"^ff^ (four Fmf0i^iim AT PLXMO^H, A i «;!»•' .,*?**'' I» NE#.ENGLAND, ' > ^^^J^^^^'^ ^ lindinp iff 1620, tioiijfhifin^ MiWut^ * 1^ 'ioo of ifac Natim in i«y5,™ ™**** To^HiCH IS AtimttD, tnu DEFEAT q» A'-' ^l ."^J-L p ^■iM jN O H" W 1 r w. ?^ ^^^J; »' ,' mSTj^ICT of CONNECTICUT, to wit t tseciZifie ll^y^ ^' emouragmcnt of Itarning, ' - MpifARm, CM ^ihimtrictof Comteeiinh .>« f # ■ 1 CHAP. L mSCOFERr OF AMERICA, Br CHRISTOPHER COLUMBuS. M I ANKIND owe the difcorer^ of the western Worl« % the gold, the silver, the precious stones, the spteet^ •i*ii and costly inanurtctures of the east | and ev^ those incentives were for a considerable iline^ insuffipe "^ to prompt to the undertaking, although the moat ^m^k ■•Tigator of the age proffered to risk bis iile in the aW tempt. \, C.RisTOFH. CoiUMBus, who was aesliflfd fJ^ «!«: high honour of revealing a new hemisphere to Eo^i ^i, WM by birth a Genoese, who had been early tr^ fd toa wafanng life, and, having acquired *very hrtiitiWry ,|i«W4 by his success, hi laid Ms pt^ftAefore qit^^^ «P«, but the vmm appearing chicperi^^ ed. He then repaired to the court of l^^i^ though the Poituguese were authar i^il^^ for their commercial spirit, and Jpnif ^^^^^ ^» wa. a disceriiing and enierpridi ' **. ^^Ifefe; .WS; •• ©•*«»• «••«« !U x^ 'S 5 <«^. il.» ";f7' "•"""»• "« -«« .PPM . "'f .^'' »AMD and ItAtBLiA, kiiiff and ou^n Jlr T C».ilc .nd « .h. ..'„. .L 1? r,:^,"^" •"" o«w (.ho followed ih. ..m. prrfisBU,™ 'd . ' '• VH whfch l.k.«..e, rcrr far.»n«.„ f., .fc. r„.„„ ,»J 1»»6 of ihe counlrr. -nel with no .uccew. »!.»»,.« Ae ye.r» which Cbehtofh.. Coi««,„s , J'T» T^ « fco'Ml «>.nd.nce.. the Ca«m.„ Coun J! »- •.H«l ..... inu. Which .he 6„.„c.. o^J l":,^";-- «"» bf r ^r" ':"»"•'"*"•• powerfoi^iid of I,:! •tiL., broke through .11 obitMle. , .he dectared herself thJi'!»"'*''\""' °" "■" '■■"■»""« «•«■• were onl, *"«.ken, ,e., when e»ery thmg w.. provided. Te^. '. we iwelra momh. provision put oo board. _ C.L««.,. «, „i, f„„ p„„ p,,^ .^ ^^ ~mill;i fe'M"""" "J ""•" " N. .0 .hi. co»r.e h tod WW Jt ,,"'°';:'''' •'"""" '■•'""8 '» ""fc «»y »f to .rU, „.,he.»„p„ior .ddrcs. „d management of ^nuUf to Mi I to FlRSI. rragon and >* Baatrol* nd who WM nder tucb a ore Hsvar future well Many were cm in inef^ e impoTer- •ited king, repressing i; but tht ind of IvA. red herself nd FsRoi- iti the Toj. u& did the •"T of one were only liad nine- >e expedi- being ua- th6 cose »nd there o?ince of needed to •« course * ourse he with any nd aouti- ment of the eomntnder beeeme uueqnal to soppress» althoagh for these qualities he was eminently distinguished. He was at length reduced to the necessity of entering into a aolemn engagement to abandon th« enterprite and return bomei if land did not appear in three days. Probably he would not have been able to retain his people so long from acts of violence and outrage, in pursuing so untried and dreary a course) had they not been sensible that their safety In returni g home, depended very much on bis skill as a navigator, in conducting the vessel. At length the appearance of land changed thcif del. pendency to the most exulting rapture. It was an islenti abounding with inhabitants, both sexes of which were quite naked ; their manners kind, gentle, and unswiprciu ing. CoLUMSus named it San Salvador : it is one of the cluster which bears the general name of Bahama; it was only 3* 30 lat. to the S. of the ;sland of Gomora, otte of the Canaries, from whence he took his departure. Thfs navigator was still so confirmed in the opinion #hfch he had formed before he undertook the«!royage, that lit bdw lieved himself than to be on an island which was situated adjacent to the Indies. Proceeding to the S. he saw three other islands, which he nanned St. Mary of the Concep. tion, Ferdinand and Ii^abeffa* At length he arrived at a very large island, and as he bid taken seven of the n%» lives of San Salvador on bi>fifnd, he learned from them it was called Cuba, but he gave HHie name of Juanna.*- He next proceeded to an island wHeli: he called Espay* nola, in honour of the kingdom byiK|pi%e was emplG|p* ed, and it still bears tht«ame*^or;kti|}iai|^ Here hi;' built a fort and foririi^^^il' i^tli^l^'^^^ then r^ turned home, having e^lpSfd sd^^if tlii tStAiitiMhoik be had taken from the diC^rent ists^jJi^eerliS^^ore southern course, he fell in ^tth >pl^^^yj|^^^^ib||^ islands) and arrived at the port df E «*• privilege. «.„„>„• J i. ."" 7 r-*" '• "i. fceir. i* Z -•*'«"«',, tfc. n.a,r»r. »?.• ;*" '"»' ""• •'• hl«« o( .. W....r»di„ ". *" 2'""'* •»«• "•. .ppej. «»••.»« ..«.d p« iw?"*r '" '*• ""'•'"'•»'»• J.* -hi.* C.„«?,/;^»»« »««~. .h.n .fc. dW •f '«!#p» «h.. fce h«| befor, r *'"• •''- •'"iron, •;';*"" «•«« «w di.c.,;^*; f""* ■» <« «•"*«! »,,h tU mage ntj^ci to tht Romiih fkltii, wbTch pUn fia^ Its desired e^pt Alexamoem VI. who then filled tht papal chair, U ^ught to be mentioned, waa ihe moat profligate and aban* doncd of men i being a native of ArragoB, and deairoog •f conciliating the favor of FEaoiiTAMD, for the purpoaa^ of ajcgrandiEing his family, he readiljr granted a requtat, which at no expence or risk, tended to extend the con* aequenee and authority of the papacy ; he therefore be atowed on Fbidinano and laABXLLA, «« all the conir* triea inhabited bjr infidela, which they had diacovered.** But aa it waa necessary to prevent thia grant from intar- fering with one not^Iong before made to the crown of Portugal, he appointed that a line supposed to be drawA from pole to pole, one hundred leaguea to the weaiward •f the Azores should serve as a limft between them j and m the plenlitude of his power, c6nf(f^red all to the east of thia imaginary line upon the Portogueiei and aUi^ the west ef it upon the Spaniards. CoLUMSus set sail on his voyage from the Md ff Ca. di«, on the 35ih o^ September, UfS; wh$^ arrived at St. Espagniola, he hatthe affliction to rui tliat aM tho Spaniards whon| he hadjeft there, amounting to ihifty. aix in number, hUhttn put jo death lyr the natives, in revenge for the insults and outrages which th^ 'ad com. mitted. After having traced out the plan of ^ town 'm» large plain, near a apaciouiT bay, and given it t^^^ of Isabella, in honour of lys patronesa tbtj^tfj^npfCn^ tile, and appointed his brother Don DiB«9i^ presid# as Deputy Governor in his absence, Coi.uiiai||. «b th« a4th of April, U94. sailed with one ihip and mmm barks, to make (unher discoveries in thoae seas* i^iM toyage he was employed five months, and f# Biany small islands on the coast of Cuba, btit' ff any important except tit9 jali^i^ •{ f*. ' > lAa .a&aa AiitiK k' -, 'if>^i-if!m«-^*7?i-i^-r".-f'fmv-mr^,4i0m liiliMfi'BUefmmi ^i.a^^'A^lSlktj mtt. ..r «ith the Indiini, who McortlD. lo Um sLZ '.fc hi...ri,„., ,„o«ni«I: n.'^^J "r.c '""""" ""' "" """"*•'"' "»•'«»•- The character ©f Cotujwrg stends ver» hio.h :« .1. «^».«on .. „.nkind, he i. renet^n^?: «" po.«M..g .uperior f.„i.„de. .„d .u.h . fterf! r« H ' l!"'"*"" """"K""""" forpie,^.S w*»fe-ftisa«iyj^i^;j^ ^ rwolftd l9 (ht Spuh n their in. nd tliirtttd have been id hit full ^ were m< >i decisive >art^ Be* > noise of * nume- % in the. brought ' Indians imagined that eftch re asion- setuositf had be- destrojT i apeciet ad been ii with* e ipeed in, and nsigncd I in this lyas i steaid^ sty aciii iiies, on sceottBt of thai distressed stat* into which tiie colonf wai brought t the change of cliroatei and the in« dispensable labors which were required of men unac* customed lO any exertions, had swept awtjr great nuni* bers of the new settlers, and the survivors were declin- ing daiijr, whilst such was the irreconcileable enmity of the nativei, that the most kind and circumspect conduct on the part of the Spaniarda, would not have^been elTec* tual io Regain their good will.— This apofogf seems to have bean geherally admitted^ for all modern writers ^ave bestowed upon the discoverer or the new world tbo warmest commendations unmixed with censure*— It is ail unpleasant task to derogate from exalted merit, and to impute a detiberatci plan of cruelty and extirpation to i man revered for moral worth ; but although • pert af- fectation of novel opinions could only originate In wealt ihinds, and can be countenanced onlf by stich, yet a free •hd unreserved scrutiny of facts, can alone separate truth li?om error, and apportion the just and intrinsic degree of merft belonging to any character.— That Cotoitaos bad loomed (he design 6f waging offensive war ag4|||t the Indians, end reducing them to slavery, before he en- tered upon his second voyage, and, consequently before he was apprized of the dbatruction of the people which he had left upon the island of Hispaniola, may be infer- red from his proceeding himself with such a number of fierce and powerful dogs. Having found the natives pe iceable and well disposed, he had no reason to apprehend that they would com- mence unprovoked hostilities; the cavalry which he took over, whilst it tended to impress those people with the deepest awe and veneration, was fuJf))P!H>fficient fut* the seeurity of the new colony, if the frieB^p of the «l^ ^vee had been sincerely meant to be cutct^d by alEtJ^,; •iid«|I th' laments by »•"«», ii..a Had been informed ii..f .t. ■ ■ ou» P.n. of the country vielderfTh • ' n>ounta,n. 'i™.« large, ^^hZby^'T'"""'' »""'■""•«».. r- "WTiim »a lar as possib e lo realize • ih- s» • J could «ot obtain gold *iil,„„t ,h- "" S>P«niard» lives, and thossw^r. """"."•"= «S3,«ance of the na. •Ilur mem of ll'n, '° ""'"■"'■onally i„d„|e„, ,ha, no .0 labor -^;„'Cue"r ^"''""''""^ »•"<"«!.. .he» «ave de"o"ed a hi, """"' "' '"»" deliberately to slavery -steh . ™" "^ """ "' ^'""Bb.er ,nS -.s »d ;re:ed^;r f:::dr t: "' "•" --••■^•^ tains and inacr^.«jM ^'^e^^'o'n. fled in?o the moun- H.. .J :xr^er:/;ei;r r " -• -'^• P«^d .0 Obtain a portion of Cd'C . "e ZllZ' . «.c.ed._TL,e wS ?"" "!"" "'■'^'' *" "8oron,i; drive,, fr„» f „ .fXe., T"" °' " '''' ^""■"' "•"» «l.«b tb, ..coZC of t * Vo^^bar • '"T ™'^' ed, and which th..;n k 7 ^ happiness sharpen- po«ab,. td irg;atitb'er:''r'™ '"""" --"p- v.»gcd victin,s.of^Europe,ntarice TT '"' """^ which bave ever b,..n .7 . f ""^ "" "" '•'='» .ion!-Co:C;a1 "cSS Z' ^T """™'"'- goodnc. ! but Should he noT ath« be" T"? '"" •»>« consummate dessemb er „' f ' """"!'' " « 'Wl. he raeditated s^T,^"' a„d "^ ^^ ^^""" *.~c.««d..„„„hSor;:x'"rL:;: whicfi Fed to* Hive to under- cquiring gold, ornarnenis by th? mountain- 3US metal, he ahd in the na« mbiiion coin« he Spaniards e of the na« lolent that no J excite them >m disgrace, liberately to aughter and that dreadful the moun- :h not yiefd* f were com- ■ cruel pur- appon life; is rigorously people, thus >elled to la* sspondency^ S8 sharpen- red unsup- but unre« e the fact! contradic> laniiy and ered as a loderation St of the inouncin^ J«jry principle of justice and humanity when they stop, ped X\^ career of his ambition !^F«Ri„«rA»i, L^. pus, his son, and biographer, har with great adLw covered^ the Shame of his father, wlUlst^headS world has been little disposed to censure a mZ tSf sp^dcmt of whose action ,, powerfully fascinates ani iiiii-»<»d sue-wssfully crossed .he Atlantic but « he orre„„i„ tha. country brought down „„ g^y,"!;' tl«M„dia„, ,ere not bedecked «th any costly ofnate^Bl no attempt, „ere made to ^sKpIore the country for nea"? century after i>s discovcry-Sir F.*»c,s D.«. " h! traversed the whole circumference of the globe"; o^ vorage, and .n one .hip, which had never been a.chieved wtt'inl? 'T""^ *""°^"'« "" Spaniard."^ West-Ind es, and on the main, gained some knowredgi of he ea,te,„ shore of the northern continent, as be had Wore of the western part, about the ..me ;arane. - S,r w*x.TK„ R.,.,„B, however, was the fir.t navigator tempted to settle a colony. . ^ At that time colonization made no part of the system of government, so that there were few stimulents U, aUn .t!ir:r:i!'^ ''- •^-.P- -V-klng possession. .. """'"P«=-— At length a powerful incentive arose, stronger than the inflqence of kings, than^i^tovc pf ^9S9, than the dread of inncry.--|?%/«,, which bf^l long been conreried into the most powerful engine which human subilety ever made me of to subjugate the masf^ of mankind, no sooner ceased to be so perverted, than by *^i|»^?» proper force it cpmpelled large bodies of people ^^ounce every present enjoy nient, the instinctive Ibv^ o*y%|native soil, rooted habits, and dearest connexions. «ndto aeitle in the dreary wilds of a far distant continent. -^ ^ ' When England, by a vpry singular concurrence of cir- fumstances, ihrew off the |>apal yoke, state policy so pre- dominated in the measuicVthat the consciences of men ^^^£1!!'" '•^^''•«'* •*> M 'to the discipline, confirm to i * ■ llMte?®9'*'*» »nd ascent tq the doctnnes which the M pmmf^ powers established.— AhhougK a dissent from the church of Rome was considered as meritorious, yet Pf^'^Wy frpm-the churrh of England waAeld to be he. feiiCai; and an offence to be punished by the civil magis. ' *'***;— T|e human mind, soinewhat awakened from a f^ ^spenaidli of its powers by a WickcUfe, farther en- ^Wj^tened by an Erasmus and Mehnthon, and at length ^d forth into energy by the coilosion of those two ar- dent anddariajj;.api^itt, Lutmrr andCAtviK, then be. gan to beii| alis its attention towfirds religious enquiries ; •nd cjcercised i^ll iif powers in such pursuits— Honce arose a vast diversity 6f opinions, which gave rise to nu- merous sects and denominations of (Christians, but as the proteatant estabJishmcnt in England,, held it essential to prcervo a.^nity of faith, fhos k.iVJP KV>«'* .11-* engine which gate the masf ^erted} than bjr die» of people nstinctive loy^ t connextqns^ lant contioent. irrence of cir- policy ao pre- ences of men !f confqrm to es' which the 'dissent from ritorious, yet leld to be he- : civil magis* cened from a 'e, fai^ther en- nd at length those two ar- iK, then be- IS enquiries ; aits.-— Honce t rise to nu- ts, but as the t essential to ions ol>tained jr. rsecuted re- V KcBlKSOlf k a country >, agreeable ted to ^ol. Iteaed to Tttide antil the year 16tO. Although the te^ «lcaiutlcal lawa of Holland did not at thia time sanction ^ condemn the principles of any particuUr sect of chria« iPiMlit yet great were the disadvantages under wMch th« fglMfrantl laboured ; f^j|Olwithstandirig the Dutch gave Hmm a welcome rec€^|b4|k ftnd manifested a disposition ti^ treat them with «|||^.|Ki^ct, they never could be prevailed uponl^y thf |6rnii»r to conform to their mode pf worshipt or to renotinte principles which the English (conceived destructive to moral society ;— nor did (he em- igrants here succ(;ed in Qther respects agreeable to their views— 10 far from increiising th^sir little flock* they found that in the coarse of \tn years, they had experienced a diminution laf more than one half their original numbieri , 'manyi in consequence ot the impoverished state of the ipountry, i|ad spent thf ir estate^ an0 retarned to England. Hence it wair that the remaining few fprmed the detor* mination of attempting once more to seek a country bat- ter adapted to thieir pious purposes, and auch as would proipise a more fruitful abode to their offspring* B% . ^OTae the unexplored parts of America was p^op^sei^ an;4 i|ftetr a day set apart for solemn humiliation and praise to Aliuightt Gop, it was re8^ve4:that 4 part of the church shoulcf fiilt emigrate to Atfierifca«r ^ They easily obtained a royal grani^of a vcigf: jfrxtenMVe |ract of land (npw. called New England) whither they inr tended to r^air, not to amaas vrealih, or to externilnate the inh^ibitai^ts, but to subsist by industry, tp purchAf^ security .by honourable intercourse with j^.na(ives» and to acquire strength under the auspices of iiil^iii. They ma4e a purchase of two small ships* Mfllr^ '^* |h August, 1 €30, having repaired to Plj^mmitlill _ .li.. »..>_M..w _-— 2_ ..j:^ <^ li ;*-. -L - »SS7 purpvsvf -919»C Urn rSBiiiQ«;SB *U ZTSHUffSS^ f. y»» n» if M m '^ *» «^«»t !^;reir :.t r«!r "' ■'"■ '»« «" - «c«iTed to ob«ruct their .LI "^" '***''*'« »»'«rt»l •*« «orm h.d .„„,,j„ W «o keep comp,„, „,., ^ OB *e loth No^rbe^T"' ^ """^ "" «»«••• Coo. irhere thev witb „,„k ^.1 " "" ""« of Cape •"c.ededii.todireiiTs,!''®'''''' '"•"V fi»l.w.W »'««..h»0U8h,h./t,*'^''"' *' '"cceeded in their •»•" -ui.ro. no» )!:^^?:„'„'''"''«"''' o«". What V„ »«'»nl«8tbeWol,en\«r"? '" ' «"««» tod!-. *«'»ae ,h«,„, o,J,o„„ to Th.h.r ,^™ "° ''"^'«'» •» elemenc, of ,„ approichinl !• . """« f""" the in- febhation of »i,d ,„d *tcio« '?""",' "'""»"•. '"e »«ie Aode of, race of hH»T '"""'' »"'' Probably 'O'k..' wWch a. far .. the ere 't.^*' •"" P'^i'o'ing %«««-be„en,hor.,| " """■ »*»«"«. ni.rkeS Mtr succe«difi^ with much difficulty in di$ppf«»^| iftrl/our in which their ;5h^ could rids With m%tf , th J feade choice of teq of tjie roost rcsoluti; of their ^ufli- bcr 10 explpre the adjacent country, md discover if po$. sible a more contcnient pl^cc for their fuiurc tbode} i^ho, on the morping of the I6ih, pmided vith • rouak- et e^ch, set out for this purpose— they had not^penetra- te^ the woods above three miles when they di«covere4 five of the natives (which were the first ^een by thena since their arrival) they Were cloathed with Xht skins of animaN, and armed with bows and arrows—the English, withsigrts of friendship made toward them, but were no sooner discovered by th« lavages, than they, with a terrible yell, fled i^ith the greatest precipitancy j-wgW approaching, the English erected a small temporary In. campment, and after placing their sentinels retired to re»^ Early the ensuing morning they continued their journiy, following for a considerable distance the tri^cts of the fiv« Indians above mentioned, in hopes thei^eby to discover their habitations and obtain therefrom a fresh sipnply of provision, of which they were much in want ; b^i in tm they did not fully succeed. At about qoou they arrivftf at an extensive plat of clear ground, ^ar wbid, ito discovered a pond of fresh water, and Sveral m^M: locks of raised earth, which they conjectured to^|h,i(^ graves of the Indians-proceeding a little further we|t " they discovered a large quantity of stubble, which they imagmed to be that ot lomf kind of Indiii «rain pecu- liar to the country j they also discovered a spot where Jey suspected an Indian hut b^d recently stood, MthW found aearby some planks curiously wrought and a un0 earthcru pot-proceeding stiil farther they discjovjed* mamfa^ more of the little hillocks of broken grotmdi •bov, described, and which they now begau to s^ to be the nhir* ^r j i. .r . . *^ ^^Wfrnm \ '^4 ■ to be the place of depoiit of *ame!hi«ft «i~ ; lead l—cariosity leading them to examioe more cMf i(iUt of tbete what they had before supposed to be lodiiui ■epulchres, they to their great surprise, found it to con. tain a large qoaniitj of the Indian grain (corn) aboY^ mentioned l-it was still in the ear, and excited to no smill degree the curiosity of the English, as they had nerer before seen any thing of the kind-by a few of thd wmpany the discovery was deemed of importance, but by others (who had attempted to eat of the corn in its Taw state) it was pronounced indifferent food, of littld talue l^they however concluded it best to return and make known t«he discovery to their brethren. , Having succeeded with soi&e difficulty in reaching th6 place fron» which they started, they were met by thoie whom they had left behind with the most uhspeakabi* jo^ and satisfaction : to whom they exhibited a specimen of the gram which they had found, and recommended the spot from which it was procured, as the most con. venient and suitable at which to abide during the ap- proachmg winter. The company accordingly on the 35th proceeded for and in safety reached the place above mentioned, with which being so i»udh pleased, they termed Ilew.J^ljmettiA, in remembrance of the port at which they last embarked in Europe ;-bere they con- eluded to abide unifl such time as further discoveries could be made^^they erected a few temporary huts, suf- ficient to shelter them from the weather and soon after by mutual consent entered into a solemn combination, »»« body politick; and on the loth December assembled to form for themselves such a government and laws at tftey should ^n the most just and equitable j previoua to which, the fqj|g|ii)g instrument was drawn up, which being first read anMented to by the company, received Ibeir signatures :~tmt : f* li th* name of Go», amen^We whoie namerait more ctbietf^ d to be lofjiaii >und it to con. (corn) 9boH excited to no ) as they had T a few of thd iportance, but ^e corn in its food, of littM 9 return and I. « reaching: tb6 met by thoie uhfipeakabid 3 a specimen ecommended e most con. urihg the ap- nglr on tbe ' place above leased^ they the port at re they con- r discoTeriea y huts> 8uf« d soon after :ombination) ir asaeiibled and lawa aa e ; previoua n up, which Iff receiTed ■ name^ are I underwritten! tbe loyal siibjecu of our dread aovereiga Eking Jambs, by the grace of God, kingofGreat-Britainy I France and Ireland, and defender of the faith, kc hav- ling undertaken for tbe glory of God, advancement of the christian faith, and the honour of jour king and country* ' a voyage to plant the first colony in the northern parta of America, do by these presents solemnly and mutually» j:i the presence of God, and one another, covenant and combine ourselves together into a civil body politic, for our own convenience and the preservation and support j of the ends aforesaid i-.and by virtue hereof, do enact, constitute and frame such just and equal laws, ordinan- ce», acts, constitution and officers, from time to time, aa shall be thought most meet and convenient, for the general good of the colony— unto which we promise alf I due submission and obedience— In witness whereof we i have hereunto subscribed our nanfes, at New*Plyroouth, on the 10th day of December, A. D. 1620." John Caivcr, William Bradford, Edward Winslow, William Brewster, Isaac Alierton, Miles Standish, Joseph Fletcher, John Gpodman, Samuel Fuller, Christopher Martin, William White, Richard Warren, John Howland, Stephen Hopkins, Didgery Priest, Thomas Williams, 'Gilbert Winslow, :]^mund Morgeson, Feler Brown, John Alden, John Turner, Francis Eaton, James Chiltori, John Craxton, John Billiogton, Richard BUieridge, Geori^ Soul#, Edward Tillcy, John Tilley, Thomas Rogers, Thomas Tinker, John Ridgdale, Edward Ftiller, Richard Clarke, Richard Gardiner, John Alierton, Thomas English, Euward Lie«ter, rl' 1 lie company next proceeded by ballot totj^tti^ t On the I9ih December, Mrs. Susahnah Wbit« ih. W.feofW.LL.AM WHiT«,wa.ddiverecl of ^srwh ch wa. «Ae>,, 6arn oj the En^UsH in J^c^EnLlJ' • .econd exploring pariy by wter. to make if poLblc further d..co.eries^.he persons selected ior thi pur^^ w.re Governor Cakt.k, Messrs. B»A.roan. wLL] r^^.Tc T* '^'""''''' "°'"''«' '^'""o>' embarked at 10 A. M. wuh a view of circumn.viga.ing he deep bay of Cape Cod.^On the morning of the 2Sd U.ey discovered a large party of the native's onshore, irt^a were employed in cutting up a fish resembling a Krampus, by order of Governor CAar.H. the EngiL made immediately for the shore, but were no sooner dis- covered by the Indian., than they, with a yell peculiar to Mvages, deserted their fish and. fled with precipitancy !- Ihe Englr.h landed and took . possession of the fish, wfi^ch. having enkindled . fire, they cooked and found «obe excellent food j^they concluded to continue en. camped here through the night, and while employed U few rods from their boat in which their amfi were depoi- lUJcl) in erecting a temporary dwelling for the purpose, hey wer. suddenly attacked by a large party of the na- lives, who discharged a shower of arrows among them I —the tnglrsh, nearly panic struck at so sudden and un- expected an onset, irere on the eve of retreating to their boat, when they were reminded by their Governor U brave and experienced man) of the importance of facing the enemy, and maintaining their ground, as a precipi! ««c fl.ghc Wight prove their total destruction^in tJie ■ mtwumc two or three of the dompany were dispatched | —19— for their arms, which having obtained, the whole were ordered to form a cloae body and proceed with moder»i# pace fer the boat, and if hard pushed by the native*, to face about and give them the contents of their musaett : —the Indians perceiving the English retiring, rushed from their strong coverts, and were on the point of at- tacking them in the rear with clubs, hatchets, stones, &c. when they received the fire of the latter, which brought three or four of them to the ground— the Indiana halttd, viewed for a few moments with marks of astonishment and surpriae, their wounded brethren, and then with one general united yell (which probably might have been heard at the distance of three milea) fled in every direc- tion !— this was the first engagement betvieen, the English mdnotnes in New England, and probably the first timt thMt the latter had ever heard the report of a musket I The English embarked and returned immediately to New Plymouth, having been abstnt four daya without making any important diaddfaHet. The company dca- pairing oi making any further discovery of importanca during the winter, concluded HtoniiQain at their winter quarters until the spring ensuhig^: ThsC Winter proved an uncommonly tedious one, durii^ '\|if|iff«l|i ^ great pro- portion of the company sickened and^iinidJ^^lMJ^tom- ed to hardship, and deprived of many of the^^ii^jries of life, they fell viciimstothe inclemency oi the season} —being thus reduced to a very small number, they would have fallen an easy prey to the savages, had the latter (relying on the superiority of their strength) attacked them— but the natives having by bitter experieotc learii- ed the effects of their fire-arms, although they weredailf aeen by the English at a distance, not one of thetti^ could be prevailed upon to approach them within gup alktlV un- til about the 30th March, 1631, when tp their grea|;:liiir- ■ *««1«M«« ««»1* |;i'i3IC «SIS ■KUUiAU WHtUb u\ti\ttj. »|r \.v «sxvss£- IM ^so^ ,•« <;N.p..k ,h,i, ,.Jg„ ' «•*. »«d »f .bom k. ,,^! 'nw Indian proveari.r.r .J • |« •upp„in, l:^^l:^^^^ eo the eo«p.„. r-'—i «c laid the land whi/.k .u • ^"'^' ••chem, to f'tadlr Msur.Bc.., », ,|,. 1. r n "' ?«•«■«• «n4 »"* lo fumirt ,h. former »i,hT' "" ""' "» '•'•« im «ri rapidly Digration -ars from rew.Piw- fiumth, there wereteven considerable towns bQtlt and let* |Ied in Maisachusetts and Plymouth colonlei. In the summer of lOSTf Mr. Emdicot, one of the priginal planters, wat tent over to bt|^n a plantation at Naumkeag, (now Salem)— the June following about SOO persons, furnished with four ministers, came over and joined Mr. Enwcot's colony t and the next year they formed themselves into a rpgulir church. This was the ^rst church gathered hi Massachusetts, and the second in New-England; The church at Plymouth Had been gathered eight years before/ In 1639, a large embarka- ation waa projected by the company In England ; at the request of a number of respectable gentlemen, m*>st of whom afterwards came over lo New-England, the gcnei ral consent of the company wm obtained, that the govern- ment should be transferred and settled in Massachusetts; In 1630, seventeen ships from different ports in Ei»g- land arrived in Massachusetts, with more than 1500 pas- pengers, among whom were many persons of distinction. Incredible were the hardships they endured— reduced to, a scanty pittance of provisions, and that of a kind to which they had not been accustomed, and destitute of necessary accommodations, numbers sickened and died ; so that, before the end Of the ye«T, they lost 300 of their number. About this time settlements were made at Charlestown, Boston, Dorchester, Cambridge, Roxbury, and Medford. In the year 163« and 1633, great additions were made to the colony. Such was the rage for emigration to New-England, that the king wd council thought fit to issue an order, February 7, 1633, to prevent it. The order however, was not strictly obeyed* (^_ In 1635, the foundation of a new ^ob»y w»i laid in Connecticut, adjoining the river w^^^ Wl«« ^^^"Sj the aiate : of this tiver and the counlfg|Sil^ M>ro **». •«¥» Lord hm^. •-■'".. ftott. "' ,"" *'P«.^ f.w.' d',;; *"' z' THERE iraa . , .T'*^ '*•"•'«» which ' voked acts of barbarity, thty h.d enkindled tl,e re.entmcu of the English (who, arouaed .ILTil" :^:"^^'* ^"e making preparation to exterminate this cruel tribe) the Pequots detpatcbed messengers with gifts to the governour of the nay colo, nies (the Hon. Josiah WiirsLow)^he being Ifewefer inflexible in hia determination to revenge the deaths of fill friends, dismissed these messengers without an an- •wer.-^The Pequots finding the English resolute and determined, and fearing (he consequence of their re- •entmeni, the second time despatched measengert with » large quantity of wm/ntm (Indian money) a» a present to the governor and council; with whom the latter bad a considerable conference, and at length concluded • peace on the following termi I— « ARTICLES; I. The Pequoti shall deliver up to the English lho3^ of their tribe that are guilty of the deaths of iheir cowt- trymen* »., . n. The Pequots .^all relinquish to the English «| w • right fcuJ title to the lands lying within the colon* ' of Connecticut. ;;^ , . ■ ■. III. The English, if disposed to trade with the pJ't Viota, ahail be treated as friends. , |:^ '■ To these articles the Pequots readily agreed and ptk auaed faithfully to adhere, and nt the same timc«acpS «d a desire to make peace r.iih the Narragaaset ]^ -^^^ ^Ib whom they were then at war. f. ■>i 3i-*^^ — ^.;-v ■«-'i* .*,-•■ ^ - —94^ ^ ^ton after the conclusion of peace with the it^equoisi the English, to put their fair promises to the test, sent a small boat into the river, on the borders of vrhich thejr resided, with the pretence of trade ; but so great was the treachery of the nativest that after succeeding by fair promises in enticing the crew of said boat on shorcj they were by them inhumanly murdered. The Pequots despairing of again deceiving the Eng- liiih in the manner thpy had late done, now threw off the mask of friendship, and ayowing themselves the na- tural ene%ies of the English, commenced open hostilities against them, barbarously murdering all that were so unfortunate as to fall into their hands.— -A few families were at this time settled at or near Weathersfield (Con.) the whole of whom were carried away captives by them; ' two girls, the daughters of a Mr. Guboks, of Hartford, were in the most brutal manner put to death ; after gash- ing their fle»h with their knives, the Indians filled their . wounds with hot embers, in the mean time mimicking ^ their dying groans. The Pequots, encouraged by the trifling resistance made by the English to their wanton acts of barbarity, on the 20th June, 1636, besieged fort Saybrook, in which there were about twenty men stationed ; the Indians were to the number of about one hundred and fifty, they sur* rounded and furiously attacked the fort at midnight, hor^ ribly yelling and mimicking the dying groans of such as had had fallen victims to their barbarity : but the Eng- lish being fortunately provided with a piece of cannon or twot caused their savage enemies to groan in reality* who after receiving two or three deadly fires from the besieged, retreated, leaving behind them dead or mortal* ly wounded about twenty of their number ; the English wstained no loss in the attack. The Governor and Council of Massachuietts cokmfi I ...ikii. 'iti^ . iJarWed at the bold and daring^ conddct of the Pecjaott^ on the 30th August dispatched Capt. Endicot, of Salcin^ with ninety men, to avenge the murders committed bf them, unless they should content to deliver up the mur- derers, and make reparation for the injuries which the English had sustained. Capt. Endicot was directed to proceed first to Block Island (then inhabited by the Pe- quots) put the men to the sword and take possession of the island— the women and children were to be spared-^ thence he was to praceed to the Pequot country, demand the murderers of the English, a thousand fathom of Wampum, and a number of their children as hostages. Capt. Enoicot sailed from Boston on the morning of the 30th, when he arrived at Block- Island, about sixty Indians appeared on the shore and opposed his landing : his men soon however effected a landing and alter a little skirmishing drove the Indians into the woods, where .they could not be found. The English continued two days on the island, in which time they destroyed 100 wigwarms and about 50 canoes, when they pi^ceeded for the Pequot country. — When they arrived in Pequot harbour, Capt. Ekdigot acquainted the enemy with hia . designs and determination to avenge the cruelties prac- ticed upon his countrymen<^in a few moments nearly AOO of the enemy collected upon the shores, but as soon as they were made acquainted with the hostile views of the English, they hastily withdrew, and secreted them- selves in swamps and ledges, inaccessible to the troops ; —Capt. Ekdicot landed his men on both sides the har- bour^ burnt their Wigwarms and destroyed their canoes^ killed an Indian or two, and t^ien returned to 'Boston !•— Enough indeed bad been done to exasperate tmt' nothing 4o subdue a haughty and warMke enemy. Sassacus (chief sachem of the Pequots) and' his cap- tAina. txri>iv mnn nf vrPfat anri itulttntinAfnt ttT%t>ttii • (Iistr D •5> ^ 1 —Sd— Iwd conqaered and g.verned the nations around IheM without controul-thry viewed the English as strangers and mere intruders, who had no right to the country, nor tocontroul its original proprietors, independent prin- cts and aovereigna-they had made settlements at Con- necticut without their consent, and brought home the Indian kings whom they had conquered, and restored to them their authority and lands-ihey had built a fort, and were making a settlement without their approbation in their very neighborhood^indeed they had now pro- ceeded to attack and ravage the country ;— the Pcquot* m consequence breathed nothing but war and revenge ; they were determined to extirpate or drive all the Eng! liah from Ncw-England. For this purpose they conceiv- ed the plan of uniting the Indians generally against them ; they spared no art nor pains to make peace with the Narragansets, and to engage them in the war a- gainst the English : to whom they represented that the English, who were merely foreigners, were overspread- ing the country, and depriving the original inhabitants oi their ancient rights and possessions ; that unless cf- iectual measures were immediately taken to prevent it, they would soon entirely dispossess the original proprie- tors and become the lords of the continent j they insist- ed that by a general combination they could either de- stroy or drive them from the country, that there would be no necessity of coming to open battles, that by kil- ling their cattle, firing their houses, laying ambushes on the roads, in the tiekis, and vrheiever they could sur- prise and destroy ihem, they might accomplish their wishes ;— they represented that if the English should ef- fect the destruc'ion of the Pcquots, they would also sooa destroy the Narragansets. So just and politic were these representations, that nothing but that thirst for re- ▼euge, which inflamea the savage heart, could have in* • ■*- «i«|«d their influence, indeed it is said that for some time the Narragansets hesitated. The governor of ihe colonies, to prevent an union be- twcpn ihesc aavage nations, and to strengthen the peace between the Narraganset Indiana and the colonies, dis- patched a messenger lo inwie Miantinomi, iheir chief sachena, to Boston.— The invitation was accepted by Mi- antinomi, and while at Boston, with the Governor and Council entered into a treaty, the substance of which was as follows, (viz.)— That there should be a firm peace maintained between the English and Narragansets, and tlieir posterity —That neither party should make peace with the Pequofs without its being first mutually assent- ed to :— '1 ba^ the Narragansets should not harbour the enemies of the English, but deliver up to them such fu- gitives as should resort to them for safety ;— The Eng- lish were to give thenj notice when they went out against the Pequots, and the Narragansets were to furnish guides. In February 1637, the English in Connecticut colony, represented to the Governor and Council their desire to prosecute more efi"ectually the war with the Pequots, who yet continued to exercise toward them the roost wanton acts oi? barbarity.— They represented that on the 10th January, a boat containing three of their countrymen was attacked by the enemy as it was proceeding down th<; river ; that the English for some time bravely defended themselves, but were at length overpowered by numbers ; that the Indians, when they had succeeded in capturing the boat's crew, ripped them up from the bottom of their, bellies to their throats, and in like manner split ihenk down their backs, and thus mangled hung them upo^^u trees by the river side '—they reprcbcnicd that the alfiiirs ' of Connecticut colony at this moment wore a most gloomy t aspect— that they had sustaiued great losses in catr!^ ^^ •**«.-i 'I :p. isl- and goods ihe preceding years but were iHll more unfor- tunate the present ; that a most dreadful and insidioui enemy were now seeking opportunity to destroy them-^ ihaijfiicy could neither hunt, fish or cultivate their fields* nor travel at home or abroad but at the peril of their livet ->tbat they were obliged to keep a constant watch by night and day, to go armed to their daily labours and to the houses of public worship !— and although desirous to prosecute the war more eifectually with the common enemy, they were not in a situation to do it, and there- fore humbly prayed for assistance. The report of the horrid and unprovoked cruelties of the Pe - * their cause to ,?: a" ^^'^'^^^^'^^^ tMip^hts and *^""*« »o 'he Almichtt, proceeded hN^- ' We despatch for ih. -«- / ^"^^TWf ., 'i.wvsMjr s lOfi i«-W|^3 ,■ — SSI- rods of the fort, Capt. Mason sent for Uncus and Wi" « QUASH, and desired them in their Indian manner to har- rangue and prepare their men for combat ; thejr replied that «« their men were much afraid, and could not be prevailed upon to advance any farther l"— " Go then (said Capt. Mason) and request them not to retire, but to sur- round the fort at any distance they please, and see what courage Englishmen can dicplay !"— The day was now dawning, and no time to be lost, the fort was soon ip, view— ihe soldiers pressed forward, animated with the Tcfleciion that it was not for themselves alone they were aboui to fight, but for their parents, wives, children and counirymen !— as they approached the fort within a short distace, they were discovered by a Pequot sentinel, who roared out '^ Owanux I" " Owanux !" (Englishmen ! Englishmen I)— the troops pressed on and as the Indians were rallying poured in upon them the contents of their muskets, and instanly hastening to the principal entrance of the fort, rushed m sword in hand ! — an important mo* ment this ! for not\*iihstanding the blase and thunder of the arms of the English, the Pequots made a manly and desperate resistance ; sheltered by their wigwarms, and rallied by their sachems and squaws, they defended ihera-. ■elves and in some instances attacked the English with a resolution that would have done honour to Romans !— after a bloody and desperate conflict of near two hours continuance, in which hundreds of the Indians were slain, and many of the English killed and wounded, victory still hung in suspence I—in this critical state of the ac- tion, Capt. Mason had recourse to a successful expedi- ent—rushing into a wigwarm within the fort, he seized a brand of fire, and in the mean time crying out to his men "we must bum them J'* communicaied it to the #ats with which the wigwarms were covered, by which meariK the vrhnle fnrt was verv SQun enwraut in flallieS • —93— ^a< the fire increased the English retired and (brmed il Circle around the fort ; the Mohegans and Narraganseta who had remained idle spectators to the bloody conflict, now mustered courage sufficient to form another clrcI6 in the rear of them ;->the enemy were now in a deplo- rable situation*— death inevitably was their portion !«-8aI- lying forth from their burning cells, they were shot or cut in pieces by the English — many of them (perceiviri|» it impossible to escape the vigilance of the troops) threw themselves voluntarily into the flames I The violence of the flames-— the reflection of the light ^— the clashing and roar of arms— the shrieks and "yells of the savages in the fort, and the shoutings of the friend- ly Indians without, exhibited a grand and awful scene ! in less than two hours from the commencement of the bloody action, the English completed their work— eighty wigwarms were burnt and upwards of eight hundred In- dians destroyed !— parents and children, the sannup and &quaw, the aged ai)d the young, perished in permiscu- ous ruin !— the loss of the English was comparitivelf trifling, not exceeding 25 in killed and wounded. ' After the termination of this severe engagement, as the English were proceeding to embark on board their vessels (which fortunately for them at this moment ar- rived in the harbour) they were attacked in the rear by about 300 of the enemy, who had been dispatched from a neighboring fort to assist their brethrtn—the English gave them so warm a reception that they soon gave way and fell back to the field of action, where, viewing for a few moments, with apparent marks of horror and sur- prize, the shocking scene which it presented, they stamp- ed, bellowed, and with savage rage tore their hair Ironi their heads I and then, with a hideous yell, pursued the English as if with a determination to avenge the death* of their friends even at the expcncc of their live»j|iMh«|' pursued th« English nearly six miles, sometimes shoot- ing «l a distance, from behind rocks and tiees, end some* times pressing hard upon them and hazarding themselves in open field-the English kiUed numbers of them but sustained no loss on their part; when a Pequot fell, the Mohegans woiUd cry out '• run and fetch his -ad I "— the enemy finding at^lei^th that they discharged their •rrows :n vain, and that ihc English appeared to be well supplied with araunition, gave over ihe pursuit. In less Uian three weeks from the time ihe English embarked ttSaybrook, they returned (with the exieption of the few killed and wounded) in safety to their respec- tive habitations.— Few entcrprizes were ever perhaps at- chieved with more personal bravery ; in few have so great • proportion of the effective men of a whole colony, ttttc or naiion, been put to so great and immediate dan- ger—in few have a people been so deeply and immedi- ately Interested, as were the English inhabitants of Con- necticut at this important crisis— in these respects even the great armaments and battles of Europe are compar- atively of little importante—and it ought never to be for- gotten, that through the bravery and unconquerable reso- ' lution of less than one hundred men, Connecticut was v-mce saved, and ih*; most warlike and terrible tribe of Indians in New England completely exterminated. The few Pequots that now remained alive conceiving It unsafe to inhabit longer a country so exposed to inva- sion, removed far to the westward; among whom was Sassacus, their principal sachem.— On the 25ih June, the Connecticut troops under command of capt. Masom, together with a company from Massachusett:^, command- ed by capt. Stoo©hton, were sent in pursuit of them ; |hey proceeded westward, and on the 27th fell in with ittacked and defeated a considerable body of them : they t©ok about SO of them prisoners, among whom w^rV iir'itifliiii^iid^ifrfi ' — S5^ two Sachemst wUose lives were offered them on condi- tion of thir serving as guides to the English. The English on their march frcquentlf fell in with •mall detached parties of the enemy, wham they capiui- ed or destroyed, btit couid not obtain any inl'ormutioii relative to the main body cuminanded by Sassacus — finding that the two suchenn prisoner!* would not give them the information required, they on the Srth behe-d- ed thfmat a place called Menunkstuck (now Guil§&td) from ^vhich eircumstanco the place still bears the name of "Sachems' head." Th© English on the 30ih, arriv- ed at Quinnipiak (now Ncw-Haven) where they were in. formed by a fricnd'y Pcquot that the-epewy wire encamp- ed in a swamp, a few miles to the westward— the troopa pushed forw ird and on the succeeding day arrived at the boarder of said swamp, which they found a thicket so ex- tremely boggy aa to render it inaccessible to any one but the natives— the English, therefore, thought it most advi. sable to surround the swamp and annoy the enemy as op- portunity presented ;— the Indians, alter a few skiiiflish^^ . requested a parley, which bcinj? granted them, Tiwafcfci:;;" Stantoh, (interpreter to the English) was sent to iretaTC ^ith them— he was authori2e<;l to offirlife to such as had not shed the blood of Englishmen ; upon which the Sa- chera of the place, together with about 300 of his tribe came out, and producing satisfactory proof of their inno- cence, were permitted to retire ;~bui the Pcquots boldly declared that " they had both shed and drank the blood of Englishmen, and would not upon such terms accept of life, but would light it out !-The English, unwilling to brook the threats and insuiiing language of the Pequots, attempted ncnv to devise means to attack the whole body of them without further delay ; the officers were howevci- divided in opinion as to the mode of altack-sume- were fbi' settinor fire to the sw»mn ntu^^m -SI- pTftv through with hatcbeti, and others for surrourijdinf it with u high fence or pallisido ; neither of which plans were however fully adopted— as night approached the English cut through a part of the swamp, by which Ipitans jts circumference was much lessened, and they enabled so completely to surround the enemy as to pre- vent their escape during the night ;— early the ensuing morning the Indians perceiving themselves completely hemmtd in by the English,' made a violent attempt to break through their lines ; they were however driven back wiih great loss—they next attempted to force the line formed by the Connecticut troops, but here they met with a much warmer reception— the contest now became close and severe, the Indians, who were about 600 in number, appeared determined not to yield but at the ex- pence of their lives ; one of the most resolute of them walked boldly up to capt. Mason, with api uplifted toma- l)Awk, and when about to give the fatal stroke, received a blow from the latier, who with his cutlass severed the head of the savage from his body !— the enemy soon after inade another attempt to break through the lines of th^ English, and in which, after a violent struggle, they final- ly succeeded ; about 60 of their bravest warriors escap. led, the remainder being either killed or taken prisoners ; —the loss of the English was 1 1 killed and about 30 wounded. The prisoners taken were divided atnong the troopSf some of whom were retained by them as servants and the remainder sent to the Wesi Indies and sold to the plan- ters— the prisoners rtporltd that the whole tribe of Pe- ' qunts was now nearly exterminated ; that in differeot engagements there had been upwards of 3000 of them killed and about 1000 captured, among whom were IS j&achems, and that six yet survived, one of whom was Sabsacus, who had fied vrith the fracrment of his tribe i& », *■# ^hp eouBtrying bordering on Hudson riveri inhabited bf ^t Mohawki/ After the iwarop fight the Pequois became so weak jind icattered that the Mohegans and Narraganseta dailf fdestroyed themt end presented their scalps to the Eng- lish ; the few that fled with Sassacvs (o the westward) were attacked and totally deatroye'd by the Mohawks— the scalp of Sasiacus was in the ^11 of I6S8, presented to the Governor and Council of Miasaachusetts. Soon after the extermination of the Pequots, the Nar- raganseta (the moat numerous tribe in llew England) te- |ng displeased with the small power with which the/ iwere yestedi and the ref>pect which the English uniformly xnanifested for Uncus, appeared disposed to break their treaty of friendship. Miantinohi, without consulting the English according to agreement, without proclaiming- war, or giving Ukcus the least information, raised an ar- my of 1000 men and marched against him.-.The spies of Ukcus discovered the army at some distance and gave him intelligence-7-he was unprepared, but rallying about $00 of his bravest men he told them they must by no means suffer MiaDtiwomi to enter their town, but most go and give him batile on the way. The Mohegans having inarched three or%or miles met the enemy upon an px- tensive plain—when the armies had advanced within fair bow shot of each other. Uncus had recourse to stratagem, with which he had previously acquainted his warriors—. he desired a parley, which being granted, both atmiei halted in ihe face of each other; Uncus gallantly ad* vancing in front of his men addressed Miantinomi to thistfftct— " You have a number of stout men with you, and so have I with me ; it is a great pity that so many brave warriors should be kfJled in consequence cf a pri- vate misufiderstanding between ua two !— «oine Mt* a brave man, as you profess to be, iBdkt us dec idle the dispn'e, alone, if you kill me, my men shttlTbe ydutt | but if 1 kill you, your men shall be mine i'*— .« No ! (re- plied MiANTiNoMi) my men come lo fight, and they shall fight I"— upon which Ukcus foiling instantly to the ground his men discharged a shower of arrows among the Narrag«nset!j, and without a moment's interval, rush- ing upon them in the most furious manner, with a hideous yell, put them lo aight— the Mohegans pursued the enemy with ihe same fury and eagerness with which they commenced the action— the Narragatvseia were driven down rocks and precipices, and chased like a doe by the huntsmen— many of them to escape from their pursuers plunt, u into a river from rocks of neaf thirty feel in height— among others Miantinomi was hard pushed, some of the most forward of the Mohegans conjing up with him, twirled him about and impeded his flight that Uncus, their schem, might alone have the honour of taking him ;— Uncus (who was a man of great bodily strength) rushing forward like a lion greedy of his prey, seized MiAKTiNOMi by the shoulder, and giving the In- dian whoop, called up his men who were behind to bis assistance.— The victory was complete— about 50 of the Narragansets wurc killed and a much greater number wounded and taken prisoners ; among the latter was a brother «f Miantiitoui and two of the sons of Canoni- cus, whom Uncus conducted in triumph to Mohegan. Some few days after Uncus conducted Miamtinomi back lo the spot where he was taken, for the purpose of putting him to death; at the instant they arrived on the ground, an Indian (who w&aordered to march in the rear for the purpose) sunk a hatched into his head, and dcs- patched him at a single stroke !— he was probouly unac- qoajjutd with his fj»te and knew not by what means he Icil— Uncus cut out a large piece of his shoulder which — ,.^-, ,„ „„y„_.^ issuMjpii, sjcwiarjHg in (mC mess -V time that " it was the sweetest meat he ever ate ; it made his heart strong!" The Mobegans buried Miantinosii at the place of his executiooi and erected upon his grave a pillar of stones^this ntemorabie event gave the place the name of *' Sichem's Plains"— they are situated in an eastern corner of Norwich. The Narragansets became now greatly enraged at the death of their sachem, and sought means to destroy Uncvs, whose country, they in small parties frequently invaded, and by laying ambushes cut ofiF a number of his most valuable ^*'arriors. As Uncus was the avowed friend of the English, and had in many instances signaK^ ized himself as such, they conceived it iheir duty to af* ford him all the protection possible— they despatched messengers to acquaint the Narragansets with their de- terminaiion, should they continue to molest and disturb the repose of the Mohegans.^The messengers' of the English met with quite an unfavorable reception, to . whom one of the Narraganset sachems declared that «' he would kill every Englishman and Mohegan that came within his reach : that whoever began the war be woul4 continue it, and that nothing should satisfy him but tb^ head of Uncvs !'* The English, irritated at the provoking language of the Narragansets. now determined not only to protect Uncus, but to invade their country with an army of 300 men ; first to propose a peace on their own terms, but If rejected to attack and destroy them-for this purpose Massachusctis was to furnish 190 and Plymouth and Con- necticut colonies 55 men each. The Narragansets learning that an army w»a about to enter the heart of their country, and fearful of the issue, despatched several of their principal men to sue for peace, on such terms* as the English should be pkasi^ to grant •'-•The Governor and t\nnw**,:t ^j.->.-,.j.-i .i^^ ! r-l; -^40-: they should restore to Uncus all the captives and canoel which they had taken from hiiHt and pledge themselves: io maintain perpetual peace with the English and their allies, and to the former pay an annual tribute of 2000 fathom of white wampum !<^these indeed were hard term«, against which the Narragansets strongly remon* strated, biit aware that the English had already a consid- erable force collected for the express purpose of invading their country, they at length thought it tA6st prudent to acquiesce. iDurlng the war between the Narragansets and Uncus, the former once besieged the fon of the latter until his provisions were nearly exhausted, and he found that his men must soon perish either by famine or the tomahawk unless speedily relieved— >in this crisis he found means of communicating an account of his situation to the Eng- lish scouts, who had been despatched from the fort in Saybrook to reconnoitre the enemy — Uncus represent- ed the danger to which the English would be exposed if the Narragansets should succeed in destroying the Mohegans. It was at this critical juncture, that the greatest part of the English troops in Connecticut were employed on an expedition abroad ; a Mr. Thomas Let- riNGWBLL, however, a bold and enterprising man, on learning the situation of Uncus, loaded a canoe with provision, and under cover of night paddled from Say- brook into the river Thames, and had the address to get the whole into the fort— the enemy soon after discover- ing that Uncus had received supplies, raised the siege } —for tills piece of service Vifcus presented said LeW" FincwBLL with a deed of a very large tract of land) now comprising the whole town of Norwich. The English in New-England now enjoyed a peace un- til the year 1671, when they again took up arm* to re- venorfi the death of one of their countrvmcn who had itta inhamanljr murdered by an Indian belonging io- the Nipnet tribes of which the celebrated Pbilip, of Mount Hope (now Bristol, R. I. )was Sachemt— It was thought the most prudent step by the Governor and Council) ilrat to send for Philip, and acquaint him with the cause of their resentment, and the course which they were determined to pursue in case he refused to deliver into their hands the murderer — Philip being ac- cordingly sent for, and appearing bdfore the court, ap- peared much dissatisfied with Che conduct of the accu&ed, assuring them that no pains- should be spared to bring him to justice ; and more fully to confirm his friendship for the English, expressed a wish that the declaration which he was about publicly to make, might be commit- ted to paper, that he and his Council, might thereunto affix their signatures. The Governor and Council, in compliance with the request of Phili:^, drew up the fol- lowing, which after being signed by Philip and his chief men, was presented to the Governor by PfilLif in com firmation of his friendly assurances : — *' Whereas my farther, my brother, and myself, hare thiformly submitted to the good and wholesome laws of his majesty, the king of England, and have ever rei^N^t- ed his faithful subjects, the English, as our frfendhl audi brothers, and being still anxious to brighten the ckain ot friendship between us, we do now embrace this opportu- nity to pledge ourselves, that we will spare no pains in seeking oiit and bringing to justice, such of our tribe a» ahall hereafter commit any outrage against th^m ; apd to >' remove all suspicion, we voluntarily agree to deliver up to them, all the fire arms, which they have heretofore kindly presented us with, until such time as they can •afely repose confidence in ua— and for the true ncrform- F ,^' ifcr %»ii * L ance of these our sacred promises, we have hereunto sei our bands. Chief Sachem. Philip s H mark. Chief Men. PoK^NoKsr's k mark. , UttcoMBo's X mark. In presence of the > 6'^.vr.^y, ^ n.^^k. Governor and Council, 5 W^o.oiroif ^ ;^ mark. Notwithstanding the fair promises of Philip, it was soon d.scovcred by the English, that he wa^ playing a deep garf>e, Chat he was anfuily enticing his red breth, ren throughout the whoIe,of Ncw-England, to rise, en mas.e. ag.,n3tthem, and drive them out of the country ; 4000 fighting men-the spring of 1672, was the time agreed upon on which the grand blow was to be given.-^ Ihs cv.l indentions of Par.iP. was first discovered and cortimumtated to the English, by a friendly Indian, of the Narrag.nset tribe; fortunately for them, this Indian had been taken into favour by the Rev. Mr. Elliot, by much attached to the English.^The Governor upon re- ce.v.ng Uie miportant information relative to the hostile n u 1"-'"' ^"""^"''^ " ^"'^'"•y ^«^<^h to be kept up •n all the English settlements wiihin the three xofonie. j by eome of whom it was soon discovered that the repor o their Indian friend Was too well founded, as the In- dians of different tribds were daily seen Bocking in gr « s3in?th'' ''' head-quarters of Philip , previous" acndmg the.r w.ves and children to the Narraganset country, wL ^h they had ever done previous to the co^ wencement of hostilities. "«« com- The inhabitania of Swanzey (a small scUlcment atl. .^43-. joining Mount Hope, the head-quarters of Philip) wer* the fifHt who felt the effect* of this war.— Philip, en- couraged by the numbers who were daily enlisting un- der his banners, arid despairing of discovering cause that could justify him in the commencement of hostiiiticH against his " friend;) and brothers," as he had termed themv resolved to provoke them to war by killing thtir cattle, firing their barns, &c. —this plan had its desired efiect, as the inhabitants, determined to save their pro- perty or perish in the attempt, tired upon the Indians, which was deemed cause sufficient by the latter to com* mence their bloody work— the war-whoop was immedia- tfcly thereupon sounded, when the Indians commenced an indiscriminate murder of the defenceless inhabitunts of Swanzey, spairing not the tender infant at the breast !— but three, of seventy-eight persons which the town con- tained, made their escape.— Messengers were dispatched with the melancholy tidings of Hhis bloody affair, to the Governor, who by and with the advice anrd consent of the Council, despatched a company of militia ivith all possi- ble speed to the relief of the distressed inhabitants rcsid* ing near the head-quarters of Philip ;•— as soon^s they could be raised, three companies more were despatched under the command of Captains Henchman, Prentice* and Church, who arrived in the neighborhood of Swan* zey, on the S8ih June, where they were joined by four more companies from Plymouth colony— it was found that the Indians had pillaged and set fire to the village, and .with their booty had retired to Mount Hope*— a com* pany of cavalry were sent under the command $ Capt. Prentice, to reconnoitre them ; but before they arrived at a convenient place for this purpose, they were ambush* ed and fired upon by the enemy, who killed six of their number and wounded ten— the report of their guns alarm* ing the renaaining companies t)f the English, they ha*- ^ A ■v- W'*' : jtened to the relief of the cavalrf , who it this moment were completely surrounded by about 600 IndianS} be- tween whom and the English a warm contest now entu* cd ; the savages fought desperately, and more than onc^ nearly succeeded in overpowering the English) but very fortunately for the latter, when nearly despairing of vic- tory, a fresh company of militia from Boston arrived ; which. ilaQking the enemy on the right and left, and ex- posing them to two fires, soon overpowered them, and caused them to seek shelter in an adjoining wood, inac- essible to the English.— The English had in this severe engagement 42 killed, and 73 wounded, many of them mortally— the enemy's loss was supposed to be much greater. On the SOth, Major Satage (who by his Eycellcncy the Governor had been appointed Commander in Chief of the combined English forces) arrived with an addi- tional company of cavalry i who with the remaining com- panies the following day commepced their march for Mount-Hope, the head-quarters of Philip— on their Way* the English were affected with a scene truly dis- tressing ; the Savages, ijot content with bathing their tomahawks in the blood of the defenceless inhabitants of bwanzey, hadt it was discovered, in mapy inntances de- tached their limbs from their mangled bodieS} and affix* ed them to poles which were extended in the air ! among which were discovered the heads of several infant chil- dren, the whole of which, by order of Maj. Savage, frere collected and buried* The English arrived at Mount Hope about sun-set, but the enemy having received information of their approach, had deserted their wigwarms and retired into a neigh- boring wood.— Major Savage, to pursue the enemy with success, now divided his meft into seperate companies i****^" *^* ***^^^F*^ ^"^ march in different directions, station- —41-^ ing 40 at Mount«Hope:— On tht 4th July the in«n usder the command of Captains Church and HiNCRKtUt feU in with a body of the eneinf) to thfi number of S00| whom they attacked ; the English lietng^ijt. 43 in num- ber, including officers, victory for a CQiiBi^rjM>]e length of time appeared much in favour of liie anvagest but very fortunately for the former being commanded by b6ld and resolute officers, they deiended themselves in^ the most heroic manner until relieved by a company of cav- alry under the command of Capt. Pa entice.— .The Indians now in turn finding the fire of the £ngli»h too warm for them, fled in every direction, leaving SO o* their number dead and about 60 severely wounded on the field of action— the English in this engagement had 7 Villed and 33 wounded, five of whom survived the action but a few hours; This action^ so far from daunting the bold and reso- lute Capt« CBuaeH, seemed to inspire him with addi- tional bravery ; unwilling that any of the enemy should escape, he boldly led his men into an almost impenetra- ble forest into which those who survived the action had ^ed— the Indians perceiving the English approaching^ concealed themselves from their view by lying flat on their bellies, in which situation they remained concealed until the English had advanced within a few rods of them, when each unperceived fixing upon his man, di^ charged a shower of arrows amorg them-^-this unexpec- ed check threw the English into confusion, which the Indians perceiving, rushed furiously upon them with their knives and tomahawks, shouting horribly !~thc English (their cavalry being unable to afford them assi«^ tance) were no^ in a very disagreeable situatiqttf 4he trec'8 being so very large as to render it diffic* their fire arms with any effect, and they wer«: so encompassed by the savages, as to render 1 —46^ S ry tHott to defend thcmselyei useless; of 04 who en, lered the swamp, but ST escaped, among whom very fortunately was their valuable leader Capt. Church. The English finding that they could neither bring their enemies to action in open field, or engage them with any success in the forest in which they were lodg- ed, returned home, with the exception of three compa- nies, who were stationed by Major Savage near the borders of a twamp, into which it was strongly suspect, ed that Phuif, with a number of his tribe, had fied— this swamp was two miles in length, and to ihe English inaccessible — Philip, who had been watching the mn tion of his enemies, perceiving the greater part of them marching off conjectured that their object, was to obtain a reinforcement j impressed with this belief he resolved to improve the first opportunity to escape with a few chosen men by water, which be with little difllculty effect- ed the proceeding night, taking the advantage of a low *idc. The enemy were soon after their escape discov- ed and pursued by the inhabitants of Rehoboth, accom- panied by a party of the Mohegans, who had volunteer? f4 their services against Philip. The i^ehrboth militia came up with the rear of thp enemy about sunset, and killed 12 of them, without sus- taining any loss on their part ; night prevented their en- gaging the whole force of Philip, but early the succeed- ing morning they continued the pursuit, the Indians had however fled with such precipitancy that it was found impossible to overtake them— they bent their course to the westward, exhorting the different tribes through Which they passed to take up arms against the English. The United Colonies became now greatly alarmed at the hostile views and rapid strides of Philip— the Gene- ral court was constantly in sitting and endeavouring to |»lan means to cut him off before he should have an op. « ^rtunity to corrupt the minds of too many of his conn* try men. While the Court wa« thus employed, information waa received that Philip had arrived in the neighbourhood of Orookfield (siiuuted about rs miles from Boston) and that a 'number of itst inhabitanis had been inhumanly butchered by his adherents*— Orders were immediat^y. thereupon issued for the raising ten companies of foot and horse, to be despatched to tl^e relief of the unfor- tunate inhabitants of Brookfield ; but befoie they could reach that place Philip and his parly had entered the town and indiscriminately put to death almost every in* habitant which it contained ; thu few that escaped having taken the precaution, previous to the attack, to assemble together in one house, which they strongly fortified ; this house was furioutthree Majors of the three respective divisions, were aNb appointed, to wit : Major Applbton, of Massachusetts— Major Tax at, of Connecticut, and Major Bradford, of Plymouth— the whole force, consisting of 1137 men, were commanded by Major-General Winslov^, late Governor of the colo- nies.— On the 7th December, the combined forces com- menced their march for the headquarters of the enemy -•at this inclement season, it was with the utmost dilli* Cully that the troops were enabled to penetrate thrmigh a wild and pathless wood— on the morning of titc 9th . (having travelled all the preceding night) they arrived «t the border of an extensive svramp, in which they weir — JO— Informed by ihelr guides the enemy were encamped to ihe nunibtr o! 4000.-.Thc English (after partaking of n little reficsliraent) formed for baii!e Capt Moselt, and Capt. Davkmport, led the ran, and Major Appli'toit, and Capt. Olitir, brought up He rear of the Massa- chusttit forces-General Winslcw, iviih the Plymouth troopa formed ihc centre-^thc Connecticut tioop. un.ler the command of their respective capt.ins, together with about 300 of the Mohegans, commanded by Ohmco, (the fton ol U^cus) brought up the rear. It wa5 discovered by an India., sent for that purpose, that :n the centre of the swamp the enemy had built a very strong fort, of so wise construction, that ir wa.wilh difficulty ihatmore ihau on« person could enter atone ume—Abuul lo o'clock, A.M. the Eni,'I.Rh with the sound ol the liumpei entered the swamp, and when w.tJHo.5i|^nt fifty rod. of their f<.rt, wee met and attack- ed by fhe cn«my-.the Indians in their usual manne- aborning and howling like beasts of prey, commenced' the «ttutk*vuh savage firry ; but with a hideous noise the Engl.sh were not to be intimidated j charging them with unequalled bravery, the enemy were soon glad to seek shelter within the walls of their fort ;-.ihe English huvuigc.osely jve«ed upon ihe ene...y, as they retreat, eu. now m turn found themselves in a very disagreeable situation, exposed to the fire of the Ttciians (who were covered by a high breastwork) they were not even en«. bled to act on the defensive— At this critical juncture the hon-hearted OsEce, with the assent of Gen. Wms- Low, offered (with the men under his command) to scale the walls of the fort, which being approved of by the English commanders, Oneco, with about sfity picked men, m an instant ascended to the top of the fort ; where l>»vmg a fair chance at the enemy, they hurled theif tomahawks and discharged their arrows with seek sue- — n— eeii among; themi a« in a verjr short time to throw them into (he utmoit conlubion } those who ottcmpltd to ci» cape from the fort, were intiantly cui iti piece* by the troops without— ihe enemy finding ihemselveb thu» hem- med IH) and attacked un all tildes, in ih<; moit abjuct terms begged for quarter, which Wis denied them by thent, could not be asceri^iacd, it waa however immensie ; of 4000 which the fart was sup- posed to contain at the commencemcni of the action, not 300 escaped I among whom unfor unately was the treacherous Philip. After the close of this desper: te action, the troops (having destroyed all in their power) left the enemy's ground, and carrying about 3oo wounded men marched back to the distance of sixteen miles to head-quarters ; —the night proved cold and siormy, the snow fell deep, and it was i^t until jnidnight or after that Ifee troops were enabled to reacl^ their place of desiinaitOBfrOiany of the wounded, who probtbly otherwise mighi have re- covered, perished with the cold and iaconvenici|ce qC # Qiarch su faiiguinu:. — 5S— ^ Although the destruction of so great a numbef of thjl ^nemy was considered of the greatest importance to the English, yet it proved a conquest dearly bought— it was obtained at the expence of the lives of not only a great number of privates, but a great propojrtion.of their most valuable officers ; among whom were Captains Datbk- poRT, Gardner, Johnson, Siely, and Marshall— on enumerating their number of slain an,d wounded) it was ^ound as follows : — Of the companies commanded by . . Papiains Mosely, - - . - lo killed, Oliver, .... 20 . Gardner, . . . ll . Johnson, .... is . Davenport, > • 15 > M Gallop, SiKLY, - . . WAtts, . - Mason, . . Marshall, GORAM, . . Sachem Onecq, - 28 . 32 . Id . 40 . 25 . 30 . 51 - 40 wounded^ 48 32 38 19 43 50 S3 % SO ^7 41 82 Total, 299 Total, 513 The courage displayed during the action by every pan of the army— the invincible heroism of the officers —the firmness and resolution of the soldiers, when they saw iheir aptains falling before them— and the hardships ^ndured before and after the engagement, are hardly ciedible, and rarely find a parallel in ancient or modern ages l—ihe cold (the day preceding the action) was ex- treme, and in the night of which, the snow fell so deep as to render it extremely difficult for the army to move the day succeeding ;— four hundred of the soldiers were 80 completely frozen as to be unfit for duty '—the Con- necticut troops were the most disabled, having endured a tedious march without halting from Stoningion to the • p|«Cf of pubUe rendezvous-^thef lusfained too a imicli greater loss in the action^ in proportion to theil> numbers, than the troops of the other colonies— >the bold and in- trepid C^apt* Mason (who received a fatal wound in the action, of which he died in about three months after) was the first after the Mohegans to mount the walls of the fort, nor did the troops under his command fail lo fullow the noble example. The loss of the troops from Connecticut was so great that Major Treat conceived it absolutely necessary to return immediately home— such of the wounded as were not able to travel were put on board a vessel and convey- ed to Stonington— thii troops on their return killed and captured about SO of the enemy. .- The Massachusetts and Plymouth forces kept the field the greater part of the winter— they ranged the country, toot a number of priaoners, destroyed about 300 wig- warms, but achieved nothing brilliant or decisive. The Nipnet and Narraganset tribes being by the iat« action nearly exterminated, the few that aurvived (by the direction of Pnitip) fled in small parties to different parts of the country, improving every opportunity that . presented to revenge the untimely fate of their brethren* On the 10th February, 1678, about 100 of them surpns* ed the inhabitants of Lancaster (Mass.) a part of whom, as a place of greater safety, had the day previous re- sorted to the dwelling of the Rev. Mr. Rowland ; this however being constructed of dry logs, was set fire to by the Indians, which the unfortunate English within being unable to extinguish, they fell victims to the dcr vouring flames— On the 21st the enemy attapkediiii! inhabitants of Medfield, 32 of whom they kiHi^^^i^ v the remainder made captives. i^f^^\^:' On the 3d March, the Indians still continu^j^^^^ depredations, two companies of cavalry, under tl|B'|^- inuitl of Capt. PiiRCi) and Capt. Watkins, were or? ^ered out for the purpose of affording protection to the ^Afenceleia inhabitants of towns most exposed to their incursions— on the 5th thejr marched' to Pautuzet, near ' where there were ft considerable body of Indians en- camped, whom on tbp morning of the 5thi they fell in W«lh and altackcd— the enemy at first appeared but few in number, but these were only empjoyed to decoy the English, who on a sudden found themselves surrounded by ne»r 300 Indians, who, with their tomahawks and Kalping knives, ruphing furiously upon them, threaten- edthem yith instant destruction I— The English now acting upoq the defensive, although surrounded by five times their number, fought with their usual spirit, and were resolved to sell their lives at as dear rate as possi- ble, they were wry soon however compelled to yield to the superior force oi their savage enemies ; *but five escaped l~This victory, though of considerable im- portance to the savages, cost them a number of their bravest warriors, 93 of whom were the proceeding day found dead upon the field of action ; there were in this engagement about 30 friendly Indians with the English, who fought like desperadofss, one of them observing Capt. PiiRCK unable to stand, in consequence of the many wounds he had received, for nearly two hours bravely defended him ; when perceiving his owq imincnt danger, and that he could afford the captain no further assistance, by blacking his face as the enemy had done, escaped ui), noticed. On the«95th March, a parly of Indians attacked and burnt the towns of Weymouth and Warwick, kilfing a great number of the inhabitants.— On the 10th April following they pillaged and burnt Rchoboth and Provi- dence. On the lit May a company of English and 150 Mo- —55— hegans, under command of Capt* GiobOS DKNKrsoff, were sent in pursuit of a body ol the enemy command- ed by the »on of Miamtinomi ; on the 8tb they met with and attacked them near Groton<— the Indians, ap- parently determined on victory or death, displayed an unusual degree of courage, but the Eogli&h and Mohe- gans proved too strong lor them, who afier destroying the grcRt-r part with their muskets and tomahawks, drove the remainder into a neighboring river, where (hey soon perished. On the 33d, Cononchet, Sachem of the few scattered remains of the Narragansets, proposed to his Council that the lands bordering on Connecticut river, not inhab- ited by the English, should ' , by them planted with corn, for their future subsir c j which being approved of by the latter, 200 of the Narragansets were despatch* ed for this purpose, the Governor being apprized of their intentions despatched three companies of cavalry to in. tercept them ; about 100 of the Mohegans, under the command of Omkco, accompanied the Eoglish-^the ene- my were commanded by Conokchet in person, who first proceeded to Seconk to procure seed corn ; it was in the ne.ghborhood of this place that they were first met with ' And engaged by the English and Mohegans-thc enemy with becoming bravery for a long time withstood the i^t- tack, but being but poorly provided with weapons, ther were at length overpowered and compelled to yield to thi superior power of their enemies-in the midst of the action CoNoNCHET, fearful of the issue, deserted his mea and attempted to seek shelter in a neighboring wood, but bemg recognised bf the Mohegans, they pursued him-^ CoNONCHKT perceiving himself nearly overtaken by hit pursuers, to facilitate his flight first threw away his blan- kct, and then his silver laced coat (with which he h«d been prescmed by the Englisli « few weeks D«e.m„.A — 5«-^ but finding that he could not escape from his pursuers bjr flight, he plunged into a river, where he was even follow- ed by half a dozen resolute iVlohegans, who laying hold of him forced him under water ahd there held him until drowned.— The loss of the English and Mohegans in this engagement was 12 killed, and 21 wounded, that of the enemy was 43 killed and about 80 wounded. The inhabitants of New-London, Norwich and Ston- Ingtoh, having frequently discovered a number of the enemy lurking about in small bodies in the adjacent woods, by joint agreement voluntarily enlisted them- selves (to the number of 300) under the Command of Major PALMSR, and Captains Dekison and AverTi who with the assistance of the Mohegans and a few friendly Narragansets in three expeditions destroyed near 1000 of the enemyw On the 8th June the Indians assaulted and burnt Bridgewater, a small settlement in the colony of Massa- chusetts ; forty of its inhabitants fell victims to savage barbarity. The Governor and Council of Massachusetts colony, aware of the danger td which many of the inland settle* ments were exposed, by frequent incursions df the ene- my i and finding it extremely difficult t6 raise a sufficient force to oppose them in the many parts to which the fragments of the broken tribes had resorted, adopted the policy of sending among them, as spies, such Indians as were friendly and could be depended on ; which plan had its desired effect— .these Indians representing the force of the English much greater than it really was, and warn- ing the enemy of danger which did not at that time ex- ist, deterred them from acting m many instances on the offensive. — One of the friendly Indians relurning to Bos- ton on the 10th July, reported as follows :— « that a large number of Indians were embodied in a wood near Lan- :\e' ?Vi v^' -.if— tnd Ston- er of the adjacent ed thean- nmand of AvERTi id a few destroyed ind burnt of Massa- to savage :s eolonfi md settle* r the ene- \ sufficient ivhich the lopted the Indians as 1 plan had le force of and warn- t time ex* ces on the ig to Bos- lat a large near Lan* iaster, Wiiich village thejr intended to attack and bum in a few days, that tliey had been encouraged to continne the war with the English by Frenchmen, from the great lake* who had supplied them with fire-arms and ammui« nitionl" On the receipt of this important information* theGor- ernor dispatched three companies of cavalry, under the commend of Major Savaok, for the defence of Lancas- ter, who unfortunately by mistaking the road fell int» an ambush of about 350 Indians, by whom they were instantly surrounded— the English exhibitsd great pre- sence of mind, and repelled the attack of the enemy in a very heroic manner ; the salvages being however well provided with fire-arms, soon gained a complete victory over the English, whose loss in this unfortunate engage- ment was fifty four 1— the number of killed and wound- ed of the enemy could not he ascertained as they re- maiiied masters of the field of action. On the iSth a severe engagement took place between a company of English cavalry and about 300 of the en- emy, near Grolon— the latter were not perceived by the fbrmer, until they trete withm a few paces of them (the Indians having concealed themselves in the bushes) wheoi suddenly issuing forth with a hideous yell, the cavalry were thrown into confosion, but instantly forming and charging the enemy with gteat spirit, they fled in every direction— the cavalry, in attempting to pursue theait, were once mwe ambushed ; the contest now becam*^- close and severe, the Indians having succeeded in de« coying the English into a thick wood, attacked them with great fury and success. The commander of the English being killed, every roan saught his own safety—. of forty.five of which the company was composed, but twelve escaped !— the loss of the enemy ^Jta however iiipposed to be much greater* ffe —58— On (he nth August a party of Indians tnftrtS tA* town of Westficld, killed and took several of the iw- habiiants prisoners, and burnt several houses.— Three of them soon after made their appearance at a house *)eap aaid town and fired at the man at his door, who fell ; rti*y ran towards him, and one of them stooping to scalp him, he was saluted by the man's wife, with a Stroke from a large hatchet, which went so completely into his body, that at three different efforts she could not disengage it> and the Indian made off with it sticking in him ; a se- cond Indian also made an attempt, when she, by a well directed stroke with a stick she had got, laid him on the ground ; the third then run, and the other, as soon as he liaU recovered his feet, followed the example, on which .il|e Woma|i,took her husband in her arms and carried bim into the house, where he soon after recovered. On the irih, a party of Indians commenced an attack on Northampton, but there being a number of English soldiers therein stationed, the enemy were repulsed. On the 20th, a number of the inhabitants of Spring- field were attacked by a party of Indians as they were returning from divine service, and although the former were provided with fire- arras, the enemy succeeded in making prisoners of two women and several children, whom they soon after inhumanly tomahawked and scalp- td.i in which situation they were the succeeding day found by a party of English sent out in pursuit of the enemy — one of the unfortunate women (although shockingly mangled) was iound stiil alive, and when so far recovered as to be enabled to speak, gave the following account of the fate of her unfortunate companions, ta wit :-.«» That they were first conveyed by the savages to a thick wood, ■where they were severally boupd with cords, that tho Indians aoon after built a fire and regaled themselves with what they had previously stolen from the Englitb : .Sf^ that soon after a warm dispute arose between tkeni, re- lative to the prisoners, each claiming the women for their squaws (or wives) that the/ at length proceeded to blows* and afier beating each other for some time with clubs, it was agreed by both parlies (to prevent further alterca- tion) that the women should be put to death, which thejr, as they supposed, carried immediately into execution ( the unfortunate narrator received a severe blow on the head, which brought her senseless to the ground, and while in this situation, was scalped and left for dead by her savage enemies I" The inhabitants of Sudbury, with a company of sol- diers under the command of Lieut. Jacobs, of Marlbo- rough, alarmed at the near approach of the enemy (who, to the number of a'^out 300 were encamped near that place) resolved to atiack them at night j accordingly on the 6th September they marched within view of them, and at night (as they lay extended around a large fire) approached them unperceived within gun shot, when they gave them the contents of their muskets } many of th»se that remained unhurt, being suddenly aroused from their slumber by the yells of their wounded brethren, and imagining that they were complete»y surrounded by the English (whom the darkness of the night prevented their seeing) threw themselves into the fire which they had enkindled, and there perished ; but few if any escap* ed— in this attack the English sustained no loss. On the 95th, a considerable body of the enemy attack- ed the inhabitants of Marlborough, many of whom they killed, ar4 set Pre to their houses— a company of Eng- lish whc. had been ordered from Concord for the d^|i^ ot this place were cut off by the savages and torai^^®* Stroyed— two other companies despatched from i^^tont for the like purpose, met with the same fate— it appcfured - tha* the Governor, on learning the situation of the ufe- fbrlunate inhabitants of Ma|9borough, deipatefied td Iheir relief two companies under the commind of CAp* tains Wapsworth and Smi^h, who before they arrived at their place of destination, were informed that the say- •ges had quit Marlborough, and proceeded for Sudbury, (13 miles distant) which induced the English to alter their course and proceed immediately for the latter place —of this, it appeared, thai the enemy had been apprized by their runners, and had lain a plan to cut then off ere they should reach Sudbury, which they in the following manner completely efTected— learning the course which the English would take, they within a few rods thereof stationed 50 or 60 of their number in an open field, who ' were ordered to retreat into a neighboring thicket as soon as discovered and pursued by the Engliah ; in thia thick- et the remainder of the Indians, to the number of about 300, concealed themselves by lying prostrate on theif bellies-^the English on their arrival, espying the In- dians in the field, and presuming them to be but few in number, pursued and attacked them, who very soon re- treated to the fatal spot where their treacherous brethren lay concealed and prepared to give their pursuers a warm if not a fatal reception j here they were closely pursued by the Englisli, who loo late discovered the &tal snare which had been laid for them ; in an instant they were completeiy surrounded and attacked on all sides by the savages ; the English for several hours bravely defended themselves, but at length were borne down by numbers far superior to their own— thus fell the brava captain Wadswobth, and captain Smith, a» well ^^ most of the troops under their command. The Indians bordering on the river Merrimack, feel- ing themselves injured by the encroachments of the Eng- lish, once more reassumed the bloody tomahawk, which i>»^i u<._» u...:^j r^» « M,,*nh#r nf vf(arB.-wOn the 1st Mo* S"^ wipber tbey $n • considerable body entered the villagH of Cbelmftford and #oburn, and indiscriminately put to jieath effiy inKabitant they contained, not aparing the Infant «t the breast. On the 9th they burnt the bouse of a Mf Eamis, near Concord, killed his wife and threw |wr body into the flames, and made ci^ptiTes of his chil- dren.— On the isih they took prisoner a young woman (sixteen years of age) who, by the f.mily with whom ahe resided, had been placed on a hill in the neighbour- hood of their dwelling to watch the motions of the ene- my—the account which the young woman gave of her •apture and escape was as follow :— that »* on the morn- ing of her capture, the family having been informed that » party of Indian* had the day previous been discovered in a neighbouring wood, &he (by their feetiring into a thicket, but that the Indians (who it appeared had before observed her) found her after a few moments search, and compel- led her to accompany them to their settlement, about 40 inilea distant— it was here they gave her to nndcisiand she must remain and become their squaw, and dre*» an*^ cook their victuals— that ahe remained with them about three weeks, during which time they made several ex- peditions against the English, and returned with a great number of human scalps— that on the night of the 6th pecember, they returned with six horses, which they had stolen from the English, which having turned i^ a small enclosure they set out on a iiew cxpedi^t^-^ that she viewed this as a favorable opportunity to eacfpe, to effect which, she caught and mounted one of tht, hor- ses, and making use of a strip of Mttit fl Jl hrl^tilh^ ■V' *'^:.?'. /v^ V — M^ ^etrtted t wild tnd pathless |rood, and arrived at Concord at seven o'clock the mornihg proceeding, hav, me travelled all the preceding night to evade the pursuit of the enemy '"-In like manner did one of the children of Mr. Eambs (of whose capture mention is made in the preceding page) escape from the Indians, although ^ but ten years of age, he travelled sixty mjlca through an unmbabited wood, subsisting on acrons I pn the 13th December a parcy of Indians attacked and kdled several of the inhabitants of Bradford. The Governor pf MassachuseUs colony, for the protection of the defenceless inhabitants of the Merrimack, ordered the raising and equipping of four companies of cavalry, to the command of which were appointed captains Sill, HOLVOKB, CUTLBR and pRENTICKr On the 33d tfie above troops proceeded for the borders of the Merrimack, and on the 26th fell in with t con- aiderable body of the enemy whom they engaged and completely defeated—On the 4th January, 1679, Capt. Prewtce, detached from the main body, fell In with and engaged about IDO of the enemy in the neighbourhood of Amherst, whom he likewise defeated, but with con- siderable loss on his part. On the 6ih, a son of the brave Capt. Hoitokb, of Springfield, receiving information that a number of the enemy in small bodies were skulking about in the woods bordering on that town, with twenty resolute young men marched out to attack them-falling in with a consjdera- ble body of them, an engagement ensued, which though s^ere terminated at length in favour of the English— ^Indians being furnished with muskets, were unwil- «o give ground, and would probably have remained mmr% of the field had not the English received a rein- forcement which put them to flight— the loss of the Eng- lish in the engagement was 6 killed and 9 wounded, and »»ii -^ HJ- (hat of the enemy 9S killed, and between 30 tnd 40 wounded. , The savages were no longer confined to any particular tribe or place, but in parlies from 50 to 500, were scau tered all over the thinly inhabited parts of New-England —a considerable body of their were yet in the neighbor- hood of Hadley, Decrfield and Northampton, where hey were continually committing their wanton acts of bar- barity—Several of the inhabitants of the towns above mentioned, duly reflecting on the danger to which they and their families were daily exposed, formed themselves into several companies and made choice of their com- manders—On the 4th February, receiving information that there were near 200 Indians embodied in a swamp in the neighbourhood of Deerfield, the abovementioned force marched to attack them ; arriviug within view of them about d.y-break, they discovered them in a pro- found sleep stretched out upon the ground around the> • fire-the cavalry immediately thereupon alighted, and after formmg themselves, approached them within pistol shot before they were discovered by the enemy ; who, being suddenly aroused from their .lumber, and aston. It'i^'l Ar'^'P"'"** appearance of so many o^ iheir enem.es, fell an easy prey to the English, who, without the loss of a man, killed 120 of them ; the remainder, aa the onlv means of escape, having plunged into a river, where probably many of them perished. Altho«^^ihe English atchieved this action without any -Joss on their part, they were on their return uuhappily ambushed by about 40n of the enemy-the English hav- ing expended all their ammunition in the late engage. faent,and being much fatigued, were now in turn l.kely to fall an easy prey to their enemies, who, with their TJLaT" '"1^T^«^^«' fc' '^- »Pacc of an hour, attacked them with the greatest «iir^»«« » r .^- l^ngiis^ !t it probable would hvrt sunri?ed this i)lobd^ and unexpected attack, had 1: not been for the preaencd of mind of their brtiTc commander (Capt. Holtoki,) who by a stratagch., succeeded in saving a part of them ~-Capt. HoLTOKS had his horse killtd under him, and! at one time was attacked by five of the enemy, whom he beat off with his cutUsa ;•— the loss of the English in this unfortunate action was 5 1 killed and 84 wounded, many of the latter si.rvivtd the action but a few days— the de- feat and destruction r f the English in this engagement was much to be lamented, as among the slain i^ere the heaJs of several families, who bad volunteered their ser- vices in defence of their infant settlements^ On the 10th several hundreds of the encnniy, encour- aged by their late success, appeared before Hatfield and lired several dwelling-houses without the fortification of the town— the inhabitants of Hadley being seasonably tpprited of the situation of their brethren at Hatfield, a number uf them volunteered their services land marched to their relief— the Indians, as they were accustomed to do on the approach of the English, lay 0al on their bel- lies until the latter had advanced within bow shot, when partly rising, they discharged a shower of arrows among them, which wounded several oi the English ; but they having wisely reserved their fire, now in turn levelled their pieces with the best effect before the savages had time to recover their legs, about 30 of whom were in- stantly despatched and the remainder dispersed. On the 15th February, the Governor of Massachusetts colony receiving information that the Indiaos were col- lecting in great numbers under the immediate guidance of Philip, near firookSeld, despatched Capt. HsKcrt- MAN, with 50 men to dislodge them ; who proceeding first to Hadley, was joined by a company of cavalry ffwiu IlMFiford— uD the Swih ihey digcofss^s and aSlsek^. kd t party of IndUni aetr Lancttter, thtf killed idf of them, and took between fiftj* and sixtjr of their »qmi#i and children prithe fugitive Indians being furnished with fire-armsi repelled the attack of the Mohawks with a becoming spirit, but were at length overpowered afnd completely defeated— the loss on both sides wa« very great* On the SOih the Indiansi took a Mr. Wills t prisoner^ near swanzey, and after cutting off his noae and eari »et him at liberty !— On the aSd they made prisonera of the family of a Mr. Barvet, of Rehoboth, consisting 9i himself,, wife and stit children — two of the youngest of the latter they krlied and scalped and threw their mangled bodies to their dogs to devour ! On the 3»th, a negro man who bad been for several months a prisoner among the savages, escaped from them and returned to the English, to whom he p ve tho fol. lowing information, to wit :-»thai the enemy were co^ certing a plan to attack Taunton, and the villa|fe» *Jja. cent— that for this purpose there were tteii ecnbodii!^ near Worcester, 1000 of them, at th4 head of #hottt 49i PniLtp, and that near one hundred of ilnem wertf ftii^- Jibhed with firearms— that a ftw ^tkf9 pamiif XB" m —it— ' «Mpe, . .coutine pariy ,rri,e,l .„d brouBht in »ilb .hem .wo prisoner, and three human ,oalps !_To f™.. .rate*e.„ten.ion,ortheene™r.he Governor of M... ..chuse.,. colony dispaiched ,hreecomp.n,e, of cavalry for the defence of Taunlon. "»airy The English of Connecticut colony, although but lit. Oe troubled with the ene.y .ince the de.rucL ! tl^l Pequots, were not unwilling to afford their brethren all the ..s.«ancepoa,ibIe in a protracted and bloody war with ih. common enen,y_they accor.iingly furnished three cnitapan.« 01 cavalry, who und«r command of the ex- perienced Major T..COTT, on the 5.h April proceeded .hey fel ,„ r,,h attacked and defeated a considerable body of .hem-apparently, by the special direction of dtVine providence, Maj. Talcott arrived in ti,e neiL-h borhoot: of Hadley in .ime ,o preserv, the uL.'^d InataH r^K'""' """"'"« "e of commcncfng •n attack when they were met by the Mnjor, with the .™ops under his command , thi. unexpected re"ef an" »...ng .he few inhahitanu which the town con i„ed. ^ey hastened to the as.i.tance of the cavalry, w „ . 0^1 moment were seriously engaged with the whole body advantages, victory f„r . considerable length of time .d peared likely to decide in their favor-ffr.nn. I, h; ■nhabiunts of Hadley having for their dcfen e a flw . was at this crittcal period loaded by .he women, and "htcn bei.,g charged with small shot, nails, &c.) «„ b, the latter di^harged wit! the best effect upoi Z .nemywhp immediately .hereupon fled in every diti.^ ..on-.hu. « was ,U. .he English ,u . great ™a,u^ —cr- owed the preservation of their lives ro the unexampled heroism of a few women ! The Governor and Council of the United Colonics, takinfj under serious consideraiion the miraculous escape of the inhabitants of H«{l!ey from lot^ destruction, and the recent success of the arms of the English in various parts of the country, appointed the 37ih day of August, 1679, to be observed throughout the Colonies as a day of Public Thanksgiving and Praise to Almighty God ; —this, it may be well to observe, was the commence- ment of an annual custom of our forefathers, which to the present day is so religiously observed by their de- scendants throughout the New- England states. On the 3d September, the Connecticut troops under command of Major Talcott, and captains Dennisoit and NiwBURY, proceeded to Narraganset in quest of the enemy, who to the number of about 300 had been dis- covered in a piece of woods— the English were accom- panied by their faithful friend Oneco, with 100 Mohe- gans under his command— In the evening of the 5th they discovered the enemy encamped at the foot of a Bleep hill, on which Major Talcott made arrangements ' for an attack— the Mohcgans were ordered by a ckcui- lous route to gain the summit of the hill to prevent the flight of the enemy-two companies of cavalry were or- dered to flank them on the right and left, while Major lALCOTT, with a company of foot stationed himself tn their rear-having thus disposed of his forces a signal was given by the Mi.jor for the Mohegans to commence the attaj*, which they did and with such spirit (ac- companied by their savage yells) that had the enemy been renowned for their valour they must have been to the highest degree appalled at so unexpected an onset | T-after contending a few momenta with the Mohegan«> ^ i»*«w «««v,av« uii inc ngni and icU by inc — 11— piralrjr, who with their cutlasiet made great havpek t« mong them ; they were however unwilling to gire ground .until they had lost nearly one half their number, whei^ they attempted a flight to a twamp in their rear, but here they were met by M»j. Talcott, with the com- pany of foot, who gave them so warm a reception that they once more fell back upon the Mohegan*, by whoii^ they were very soon overpowered and would have been totally destroyed had not Major Talcott human!y in* tcrfered in their behalf, and made prisoners of the few that remained alive j— among the latter was their leader> a squaw, commonly termed the queen of Karraganbct 5 and among them an active young fellow who begged t^ be delivered into the hands of the Mohegans, that they might put him to death in their own^^oj, and aacrifict^ . him to their cruel g jnius of revenge, in which they so inuch delighted l-Thc English, although naturally a. terse to acts of savage baibariiy, were not in this ia- utancc unwilling to comply with the voluntary although linnatural request of the prisoner, fs it appeared that be bad in presence of the Mohegans exultingly boasted of having killed 19 of the English with his gun since the commencement of the war, and after loading it for the SOih (there l;>eing no more of the latter within reach) be levelled at a Mohegan, whom he killed, which com* pleting his number, he was willing to die by iheir bands I —the Mohegans accordingly began to prepare for the iragical event^-forming themselves into a circle (adinit* em^as many ol the English as were disponed to witness 'heir savage proceedings) the prisoner was placed in the centre, when one of the Mohegans, v^ho m the late en- gagement had lost a son. with his knife cut off the prisoners ears 1 then his nose 1 and then the fingers of each hand '-.and after the relapse of a few moments, dug out his eyei and filled their socket,* with hot em- l^n I {—although the few English present were ore^ jeome with a view of a scene so shocking to humanitf, yet tlie prisonitr (so fir from hewaHing his fate) seemed to surpass his tormentors in expressions of joy I'o^when nearly exhausted with the loss of bloodi and unable long- er to standi his executioner closed the tragic scene by jbaating out his brains with a tomahawk ! The few Indians that now remained in (h« neighbor- hood of Plymouth colony, being in a state of starvation} they surrendered themselves prisoners to the English ; one of whom being recognized as the person who had a few days previous inhumanly murdered the daoghterof a Mr.'CLAHKX, was by order of the Governor pubHcly •xccuted ; the remainder were retained and treated as prisoners of war.— By the asMstaoce of one of the pri- aonerS) who served as guidot 30 more of the enemy were en the proceeding day surprised and taken prisoners by the English. The troops under the comnsand of Major BradfokO) and Captams Mosblt and Brattlb, ob the Uth Sep- tember surprised and took 150 of the enemy prisoners near Pautuxet, among whom was the squaw of the cele- brated PxiLip— and on the day proceeding, kaming that the enemy in considerable bodies were roving about in the woods near Dedham, Major Bradvoro despatehed Capt. Brattlb with fifty men to attack them ; whO| the day foUbwing, fell in wkh and engaged about'' lOtlh of them— as hatchets were the only weapons with wl^el^ they were provided, they made but a feeble defencct and were soon overpowered by the English, Who took 74 of them prisoners, the .remainder having fallen m the action -~the loss of the Enghsh was two krHedand five wounded — ihe above party, was commanded by a blood thirsty Sa«> chem) called PonxAat, renowned for his bodUy atren^tt), which exceeded that of «ny of his conntrmeU eitt met ■'t*. wiih-hc braycljr defended himself .« *k . wounded in the brea.t, and unThi ' '"'' *»*'"» A general famine noir nrfvaWSn^. in c.n«q„.^e bf bring S p" "d of ,7"' """'• Pl.nt their land,, number, ..Tdl "PP"""""/ •<> g«r ,0 .urrendei i^.T^^^Z^'n^'l^r '""• n:fjb^r""'^-----^p"^^^^^^^^^^ 'ith . much w.rn,er reCio^ .b~ '^.f ?,^ "•• "■«"»» «"e ground, but being raUied b7 h!f"^^ '' ?''""* enced cbmmander. C.nf r„ , ' . "'•' ""■" "■?«"- "«f«.io„ anS <,i..„d;ed"J^ .rco:::^"^" '"'■' e.n,.„„ed .bout .„ hour ,„., . qu, ,erT,he En rTT^ l^inenkllcd. and ia ^ a ^^ ^"^ '"* ^«. 'ish had brarc co„;lX 1~ ^ "-"« --e ...ertbeir left .r™-.be ,„„ ,, ^'^^^^ «» TsT ,;:""'"' "" tween60.„dro.o„»ded. ^^ "died and be. On the 20ih, information wa. forwarded ,h, r ' long time skulking about in the woods near Mouni-Kope much disheartened by the ill .uccess of his countrymen) was the morning preceding discovered in a swamp near that place, attended by about 90 Seaconet Indians ; on which the brave Capt. Chusch, with his little band of in- vmcibles were immcd.atHy despatched in pursuit of him "p u.?^^'''' """' accompanied as usual by a number of the Mohcgans, and a few friendly Seaconet Indipns- on the SrUi they arrived in the neighborhood of the •wamp, near the border of which he stationed several of the Mohegans, to intercept Phiup in case he should at tempt an escape therefrom. Capt. Chuhch, at the h.ad" of his l.itle band, now with unconquerable resolution plunged mto the swamp, and wading nearly to his waist in water discovered and attacked the enetny.^The In- dians were nearly loo strong, but being unexpectedly at- tacked they made no resistance but fled in every direc- tion, the inaccessible state of the swamp however pre*- vented the English from pursuing them with success- their dependence was now upon their friend, stationed ■ feed so7°? " "'^^'"' '^'' '^°^* ^"•'»*^"' ^^"^'^^ «"f- report of^ih *" ''r^'""'^ '"^ ?"' unimproved-.the report of their muskets convinced Capt. Chuhch that tW were do.ng their duty-in conHrmation of whth he was very soon after presented with the head of itt sue^r!' «!: '' '^^'^''"^ '" ^"^*"P»'"& ^° fly from his pur- £■ -^la— ^•n, the famous Philif ! who wts the projector in^ \Hi •tiga'or of a war which not only proved rlie cause of hit own destruction, but that of nearly all his tribe, onee the most numerous of any inhabiting ?4«;w England* It was at this important instant that the English werfi made witnesses of a remarkable instance cf savage cus- toffl—OvKdo, on learning that Philip had faiJtn by the hand of one of his tribe, urged that agreeable to their ctistom, he had m undoubted right to the borl; , and h, right to feast hisvAftlf with a piece thereof! which the En^filsh not objecting to, i.; dftlibentcly drew his long knife from his girdFe and wifa ; • i?» ti shed z piece of flesh from the bleedinjj body of P-M.-^trp of »bout one pound weight, which he broikd ao«> vfU, in the mean time declaring that ** he had mi Jot many moons eaten anp thing HfhA s»g9od an appetite V Tht head of Philip was dc- tachtlfrom his body and sent (by Capt. Church) to Be»ston^^ to be preseiitetl to the Governor and Council i as • valuab?' trophy. * The few hottrte Indians that now remained whhin the United Coloinies, conscious that if so fortunate as to evade the vigilance of the English, they must soon fall wctims to the prevailing famine, fled with their families flwr to the westward \ the Englfsh were disposed rather to faciiiitate than prevent their flight ; having been for e number of years engaged in a de»tructive and bloody •war with tbemy they w^re willing that the few that re- SMined alive should esr«pe fj a country, so far distant that there was no probttLiitty t»f their returning to reas- •Qme the bloody tomahawk f-~impres»ed with this idea, Md that the enemy were compFetely exterminated, they irere about to bury the hatchet and ttim their attention to^ ag^ricultural pursukS) when by an i^T^resy, they we!*e in- formed that the i;atives in the eastci i ? trt of the country uncommonly active) he easily effected ; the flan of Mr! BRACKET had DOW i!s desired effcct. a« Hlfe old men pursumg the negro, left him and his family guarded oq^ ly by the three squaws, whom (being iotoxic^ited) he' soon dispatched and returned the day proceeding with his familf to Casco, where the negro lad had arrived some hours before* On the I5ih the Indians attacked the dwelling house of aCapt BoKiTHoN, and Maj. Philips, situated on the east s.de of Casco river-they having seasonable no- tice of the hostjje views of the enemy, the family of ibe former ^s a place of greater safety) had resorted to the Aousepftht latter a few moments previous to the attack, --- The savages first communicating fire to the house of vrel Img of Maj. Philips, in which there were about twenty persons, by whom it was most gallantly defended ".the enemy had their leader and a number of their party killed by the fire of the English-dispuiring of tak. H^g the house by assault they adopted a new plan to com- mumcate fire theretp-they procured a carriage on which they erected a stage, in front of which was a barricador rendered bullet proof, and to which long poles were at. w!r^ .«'';;' '' ^'" '" '*"^^'** '"^ ''' '"^« ^f which wtrc affixed every kind of combustible, such as birch nnds, straw, pitch, pine, 8cc.-the Indians were sheltfcyed by the barricador from the fire of the English white they approached the walls of the house wiih their carrlaaW ti?c English were now on the eve of Hp.^oWJ^-. ;»u_ fortunatiely one of the wheeli of *' i>|«{^ btiny brought in contact with a rock, ' completely round, which exposed the whoir cod/ oi Indians to their lire !— this unexpected opporti; ^17 was improved with the greatest advantage by the English, who with a fev rounds aoon dispersed the enemy with no inconsiderable loss. The day (Rllowing the Indians attacked and set fire to the house of a Mr, W' belt, whom with his whole fam- ily they murdered— a company of English apprized of their dangerous situation marched to their relief, but ar- rived too late to aff rl ihrm assistance— they found the house reduced to ashes, among which they discovered the mangled bodies of the unfortunate family half con- sumed by fire. The savages, emboldened by their late sucr ess, ^n thfi 20ih attacked a small English settlement on Piscataqut river, and s>ucceeded in murdering a part and carrying •way the remainder of the inhabitants into captivity— as an instance of thpir wanton barbarity, it should be here mentioned, that after tomahawking and scalping one of the unfortunate women of the above place, they bound to the dead body her little infant, in wh'ch situr on it was the proceeding day discovered 7 tiie Engiish, at- tempting to draw nourishment from its mothers breast ! The Governor and Council of tfse United Coloniesi conceiving it their duty if possible to put a final stoji to the ravages of the enemy, in the east, and to prflvnt the further effusion of innocent blood, despatc' ^d Jifl*']oi- Wallis and Major BaADFoao, with six coir m* un- der their command, to r esiroy " root and b? rs »!» common enerof — On the 1st December they arnveo in the neighborhood of Kcnnebeek, near where they were informed the main body of the enemy were encamped— ©a the morning of the Sd ihey fell in with and attacked i-»f- Chem— the enemf , wh« were about 800 ttrongt tppetr* ed diipoied to maintain their ground : they fought with •II the fur»' of savages, and even assailed the English from the tops of lottjr trees which they ascended for the purpose; ther were possessed of but few fire arms, but hurled their tomabawlis with inconceivable exactness, and checked the progress of the cavalry with long spears !— victory for a long time remained doubtfUl— the ground being covered with snow, greatly retarded the progress of the troops, who probably would have .net with a de- feat had not a fresh company of ,tnfanlry arri' in time to change the fortune of the day— these having remained inactive as a body of resi e, the commander found himself under the nci ,ssity of calling for iheir aid— the enemy, disheartened at the unexpected arrival of an ad- <^itional numbc of the English, fled with precipitancy io the woods— but very fc of them however escaped, more -an 200 of hero ined dead upon the field of actio. , nd double f t number mortally wounded !— the loM jf the Engli " -..'f "r n nr.l ^'"'■'"'°»> '» "■• oo-n'r of Washingto ,_ .h««»nd four hundred and eigh.y.wo, „ that in nine year. ,h. d„,..„ ,„ „j„^ ^_^_^^^^^ ^^ fif,y.«„e„._ We h„e no, b„„ .^le to ..certain the .«« .L of "he —80— ft In 1784) there was a tribe of about forty Indiaits at Ko^^ ridgewalki in the Province of Maine) with some few other scattering remains of tribes in other parts ; and a number of towns thinly inhabited round Cape Cod* 'When the English first arrived in America) the Ind'ma had no time or places set apart for religious woiship.— - The first settlers in New England were at great pains to introduce among them the habits of civilized life) ant* to instruct them in the Christian religion. A few years in- tercourse with the Indians induced them to establitth sev- eral good and natural regulations. The Rev. Mr. Elliot, of Roxburyt near Bostout who has been s'yled the great /ai/fan «]bo«t/«) with much ia« hour learned the Natic diaUci of the IiiJiarf languages* He published an Indian grammar, at\d preached in In- dian lu several tribes, and in 1664, translated the bible and several religious bool^s into the Indian language.— He relates several pertinent queries of the Indians re- specting the Christian religion. Ainong otherS) whether Jesus Christ, the mediator or interpreter, coulu under- stand prayer in the Indian language ? If the father be bad and the child good, why should God in the second commandment be offended with the child ? How the In- dians came to differ so much from the English in the knowledge of God and Jesus Christ, since they all sprang from one father ? — Mr. Elliot was indefatigable in his labours, and travelled through all parts of Massachusetts and Plymouth colonies, as far as Cape Cod. The colo- ny had such £ veneration for him, that in an act of the General Ashembly reiaiing to Indians, t^>?y expresa themselves thus', '* By the advice of the said magistrates and of Mr. Elliot." Concerning ttie religion of the untaught natives of New England, who once held a plurality of deities, after the arriVAi of the English) supposed there were only -81—' three, bectu?« they WW people of three hinds o^ cert- plexions, viz— English, Negroes, and themselves. . It was a notion pretty generally prevailing among them, that it was not the same God made them who made us ; but that they were created after the white people ; and it is probably they supposed their God gained some special skill, by seeing the white people made, and so made ihera better ; for it is certain they looked upon themselves, and their mathods of living, which they say their God expressly prescribed for them, vastly preferable to the white people and their methods. . With regard to a future state of existance, mahy of them imagined that the chichun^, /. e, the shadow, or what survived the body, would at death go southward, and in an unknown but curious p^ace— -would enjoy some kind of happiness, such as hunting, feasting, dancing, and the like. And what they supposed would contribute much to their happiness, was, that they should there never be weary of those entertainments. The natives of New-England believed not only a plu. raliiy of Gods, who made anu govetMed the several na- tions of the world ; but they made deities of every thing they imagined to be great, powerful, beneficial, and hurt- ful to mankind ; yet they conceived an Almighty Beir.g, whom they called Kichtau, who at first, according to their tradition, made a man and woman out of stone, but upon some dislike destroyed them again, and then made another couple out of a tree, from whom descended ail the nations of the earth ; but how they come to be scat- tered and dispersed into countries so remote from objb another they could not leU. They believed their Supreme God to be a good being, and paid a sort of acknowledg- ment to him for plenty, victory and other benefits. The immortality of the soul was universally believed •moner them. """ When CmnA rn»n JSn^ touls went to Kichtau, where they met with thdif friends, and enjoyed all manner of pleasures ; when the M^icked died, they went to Kichtau also, but were com- manded to Walk away ; and so wander about in restless discontent and darkness forever. The natives of New- England in general were quick of apprehension, ingenious, and when pleased nothing could exceed their courtesy and friendship — gravity and elo- quence disting^uished them in council, address and bravery rn war ;~they were not more easily provoked than the English, but when once they had received an injury, it was never forgoiton— in anger, they were not like the English, talkative and boisterous, but sullen and revenge- ful. The men declined all labour and spent their time in hunting, fishing, shooting, and warlike exercises. They imposed all the drudgery upon their women, who gathered and brought home their wood, planted, dressed and gathered their corn — when they travelled the women carried their childien, packs and provisions—the women submitted patiently to such treatment, this ungenerous usuage oi their husbands, they repaid with smiles and good humour. The cloathing of the natives was the skins of wild beasts, the men threw a mantle of skins over them, and wore a small flap which were termed Indian breeches— i the women were much more modest, they wore a coat of skins^ girt about their loins which reached down to their bams, which they never put ofF in company— if the husband ohose to dispose of his wife^'s beaver petticoat, she could not be persuaded to part with it, until he had provided another of some sort. In the winter, thsir blanket of skirs which hung loose in summer, was tiei or wrapped more closely about them— the old men in ihi severe seasons also wore a sort of trowsers made ol skins ftQd fastened to lUcir girdles, and on their feet they wor« ■^■• ,»:'■. -93-. «iioc«sons, made of moosie leather, and tl^cir chiefs ot sachems ivpre on their heads a cap decorated vith f^atl). ,.ers. Their houses orwigwarms were at best but miserable fells ; they were constructed generally like arbours, op small young trees bent and twisted together, and so cu- riously covered with mats or bark, ih^t they were toler- ably dry and vyarm— the natives made their fires in the centre of the hpuse, ^nd there was an opening at the top which emitted the smoke ;--for the convenience of wood aD4 water, these huts were commonly erected in groves, near some river, brook or living spring ; when Cjither failed the family removed to another place. They lived in a poor low manner, their food was coarse and simple^ without any kind of seasoning— they had neither spice, salt or bread—their food was principally the entrails of moose, deer, bears, and all kinds of wild beasts and fowls ; of fish and snakes they were extreme- ly fond— they had strong stomachs and nothing came a- misa!— th^y Jiad no set meals, but like other wild crea- tures ate when they were hungry, and could find any thing to satisfy the cravings of nature— they had but lit- tle food from the earth except what it spontaneously pro- duced—Indian corn, beans and squashes, were the only eatables for which the natives of New-England laboured. Their household furniture was of but small value— their beds were composed of mats or skins j they had neither chairs or stools, but commonly sat upon the ground with their elbows upon their knees— a few wo(^- en and stone vessels and instruments served all the pur- poses of domestic life— their knife was a sharp stone, shell or kind of reed, which they sharpened in such a manner as to cut their hair, make their bows and ar- rows, &c.— they made their axes of itonc, which they shaped somewhat similar to our axes, but with the dif- lerence of their being made with a neck instead oi an fv:, and fastened with a withe, like a blacksmith's chis- sei. The manner of the courtship and marriage of the na- tives manifested the impurity of their morals.— When a young Indian wished for marriage, he presented the girl with whom he was enamoured, with bracelets, belts and chains of wampum—if she received his .presents they cohabited together for a time upon trial— if they pleased each other they were joined in marriage : but if after a few weeks, they were not suited, the man, leav- ing, his presents, quitted the girl and sought another mis- trees, and she another lover — in this manner they court- ed until two met who were agreeable to each other. The natives of New;England, although they consisted of a great number of different nations and clans, appear to have spoken radically the same language— from Pis- cataqua to Connecticut, it was so nearly the same, that the different tribes could converse tolerably together— the Mohegan or Pequot language was essentially that of all the Indians in New-England— the word Mohegan, is a corruption of Muhhekaneew, in the singular, or o£ Muhhekaneek in the plural number. -The Penobscots, bordering on Nova-Scotia, the Indians uf St. Francis, in ■panada, the Delawares, in Pennsylvania, the Shawanese, on the Ohio, and the Chippewaus, at the westward of lake Huron, all now sneak the sam- ,uical language. CHAP. IV. OF THE DIFFERENT TRIBES OF INDIANS IN-, HABITING THE WESTERN COUNTRY. ^ WE shall now speak of the Indiana wlm occuny iho Juterior of America.— Th€y are the descendants of tboie yrho once inhabited the sea-coasts, and who were driven by the English (as mentioned in the preceding chapter) far to the westward, so that but few of their descendants are now to be found within less than two or three hun- dred miles of the sea : for though many of thern have been instructed in the knowledge of Christianity, and dis- tricts of land have been allotted them in several of the British colonies, where they have been formed into so- cieties ; yet it has been found that in proportion as they lay by their ancient customs, and conform to the manners of civilized life, they dwindle away, either because the change is prejudicial to their constituUons, or because when settled among the English they have great oppor- tunities of procuring spirituous liquors, of which both sexes are in general inordinately fond ; very little care being ever taken to prevent those who are inclined U lake advantage of them in trade, from basely intoxicating them, for that purpose : this has a powerful effect on their con- Btif^tioos, and soon proves fatal, producing diseases to which they were formerly strangers. Thus where a few years ago there were considerable settleme>ots of them, their name is almost forgotten ; and those who still re- nain, have for the most part, joined themselves to «»her nations in the interior part of the country, on the banks pf the lake? and rivers. The Indians in Canada and to the south of it, are tall and straight beyond the proportion of most other nations ; their bodies are s'rong, hut it has been ol^s'jrved that this is a strength rather suited to endure « "■« ■»-»' -""""' lake Sunen "?'•"' """ """ •» '"« »<»«fcw..,I rf W ofTr^T""" °'"'""" "•« Winnebag, <, h. Wo, |,k, Michigan, who with the Saukies, and O U- lake to the M«s,«ippi, below «• N. laiilode, *here the Ou,con,,„ nver discharge, itself.. The Nandowesse. the »o. numerous and extended Indian nation, inhabit the era" '" ""• "' '"' ^'"'""'^•' »" ^^^ "-""'Of ieoToutv'"?!!' i." '''""" "" """S"' •<> "•« P»>i«n of very'relva^ "T' """"«"= »' "«'' ^"""S '»« very rady .tiempt .he virtue of married women, nor do tboulh r ?"'.'"="■«"" '•> «>« way of ,olicit..i„„, .,. P lu. iT^" "" "" "'"■""' '"' e«.i.ying their P«s«0H,.~It appear, to h»ve been i verv orevJen. r.,i.. * iom with the Indians of this country, before they became acquainted with the Enropeans, to compliment strangers with their wives ; and the cistom still prevails, not only among the lower rank, but, even among the chiefs them, •elves, who consider such an offer as the greatest proof of courtesy they can give a stranger. The men are remarkable for iheir indolence, on which they even seem to value themselves ; saying that labour would degrade them, and belongs solely to the Women, while they are formed only for war, hunting and fishing ; It is, however, their business to make arms for hunting and lines for fishing; to form their canoes, and build their houses ; but they fretjucntly make the women as- sist them in these, besides attending to all domestick af- fairs, and cultivating the land. They have a method of lighting up their huts with torches, made of the splinters cut from the pine or birch tree. The Indians have generally astonishing patience and equanimity of mind, with the command of every passion except revenge. They bear the most sudden and unex- pected misfortune with calmness and composure, with- out uttering a word, or the least change of countenance. Even a prisoner, who knows not whether he may not in a f?w hours be put to the most cruel death, seems en- tirely unconcerned, and cuts and drinks with as much cheerfulness as those into whose hands they have fallen; Thtir resolution and courage under sickness and pain' is really astonishing. Even when under the shocking* lorturt to wh ch prisoners are frequently exposed, they will not oily make themselves cheerful, but provoke and irritate their tormentors by most severe reproaches. They are grave in th«ir deportment upon serious oc- casions, observant of those in company, respecifui to the old i of a temper cool and deliberate, by which they are never in hAite to speak before they have well thought of ■ti^^M:. —89— tb<^ matter, and lare that the person who spoke beford' them has finished all that he had to say. . > their pub. he councils, every man is heard in hit turn according as his years, his wisdom, or his services to his country, have ranked him. Not a whisper, nor a miimur is heard from the rest, while he speaks: no indecent com- mendations, no illtim'ed applause. The young attend for their instruction ; for here they learn the history of their nation, are animated by those who celebrate the warlike actions of their ancestors ; are taught what is the interest of their country, and how to cultivate and pursue it. Hospitality is exercised among them with the utmost generosity and good will. Their houses, heir provi- sions and even their young women are presented to a guest. To those of their own nation they are likewise very humane and beneficent. If any of ihem succeed ill in hunting, if his harvest ftils, or his house is burnt^ he feels no other effect of his misfortune, than its giving him an opportunity of experiencing thebenevolence and regard of his countrymen, who, for that purpose, have almost every thing in common. But to the enemies of his country, or to those who have privately offended him, the native American is implacable. He never indeed makes use of oaths, or indecent expressions, but cruelly conceals his sentiments, till by treachery or surprise he can graufy his revenge. No length of time is sufficient to ailay his resentment ; no distance of place is great enough to protect the object ; he crosses the steepest mountains, pierces impervious forests, and traverses th6 most hideous deserts; bearing the inclemency of the season, the fatigue of the expedition, the extremes of lunger and thi-st, with patience and cheerfulness, in hopes of surprising hrs enemy, and exercising upon him the rao»t shocking barbarities. When these cannot be m tffececd, the revenge i. left a. a eg.cy, transferred fror« rneration lo g. er.tior., from father lo .„n, (ill .„ op. fTlT. ""u "''''*'''' ''^ *'^« '"^'«"» »^"h their fucndsh.p, or their enmity; and such indeed is, in gen. •ral, the character of aU uncivilized nations. They, how- ever, esteem nothing so unworthy a man of sense, as a peevish temper, and a pronene*» to a sudde» and rash On the other hand, they are highly sensible of the utihly and pleasures of friendship : for each of them, at a certain age. makes choice of some one nearly of the same standmg in life to be therr most intimate and boaom "lend; these two enter into mutual engagemencs. by ^t>«ch they oblige themselves to brave any c-aoger and run any risk, to assist and support eacb rcher, Thia •uachment i. even carried so far as to overcome the fear «fdea h, whieh they conside^ .3 only a te;^porary separa- «0|), bemg i^ersuaded tha' ; ,haU meet and be united m friendship irt the othe ..M, never to be separated wore J and that there they ,h..il need ofle another's at. •wtance as weM as here. relliol t'. """"V 'f''' ""'*"'"" of Buperstitiou. religion. Their ideas of the nature and attributes of ,, "e very obscure, arid some of them absurd, though hathTr' °^''"^" '''' ^^^*' SP'"^' and imagine that ha more jmmediatc residence is on the island of the fr.l- V '• . *^ """* *° *'*^« ""^^ »*^«« «h«t there are spirits of a higher and more excellent nature tha* f7eQuenl.'"^r*''u* ***'" *" ""' everywhere present, to their?. i''"' .„,,„,,.^^„^ to act agreeable Ivi .lf» T J^«y»ke^i»e imagine thitt there is a,» evU .pir„t, Who they say is .iways Inclined to mischief. * '»«W8 grt&j .way in the creation; tfcis indeed la- the i I "m honing ,hcm •'i.i, r "^ "' "" "'' •I'''-'t " • -. cm„id;"ui. JS '""" :""•" '*"' ""« "f *" -r^ . offc..d':p ret::"'; -r "• - ""•- li.do»„,b. „i.hton. b,.'„rbla„u • ' ' ""«"* '•"P<«■= 6re..e.t imr Mi?.":. him'T '" '"" ""'■' "'"■ being scp,r..ed from '., rr^T,^ "r ""*""* °^ .•4: ^. ^. \ ^ IMAGE EVALUATION TEST TARGET (MT-3) 1.0 I.I 11.25 ■AS 121 |2.5 ■so *^" M^B lii I&& 122 u ^ \A 11.6 '^^ /I % ^^. w O 7 Photographic Sciences Corporation as WEST MAIN STREET WEBSTER, N.Y. 14580 (716) 873-4503 W -^ ) /I^> \^>^^ v'.^ ^ leaves his dying advice to his childrenj; and takes a Tot' mil leave of all hia friends. Thejr testify great indifference for the productions of pn i when any eurious piece of mechanisnt is shown thein» they say, " It is pretty, I like to look at it," but express pio curiosity about its construction. Such however is hot their behaviour when they are told of a person who dis- tinguishes himself by agility in running ; is well skilled in hunting ; can take a most exact airo^ work a canoe along a rspid with great dexterity ; is skilled in all the arts which their stealthy mode of carrying on a war is capable of ; or is acute in discovering the situation of a country, and can, without a guide pursiie his proper (Bourse through a vast forest, and support hunger, thirst, «nd fatigue with invincible firmness ; at such a relation the|r attention is aroused ; they listen to the Interesting tale with delight, and express in the strongest terms their esteem for so great so wonderful a man* ' They generatiy bury their dead with great decency, and deposit in the grave such articles as thie deceased had made the greatest use of and been most attached to ; as bis bow and arrows, pipes, tobacco, ftcc. that h<: may not pe in want of any thing when he comes to the other jcountry. The mothers liiourn for their childrlen a long fime, and the neighbours make presents to the fkther ; and he in return givei them a feast. Every band has a leader who bears the tltFe of SacMM pv chief warrior, abd is chosen for his ^ried V4Tof and skill in conducting war ; to him is entrusted afl inflitary'dpe- rations, but his authority does not extend to civil affairs, the pre-eminence there being given to another, who pos^ sesaes it by a kind of hereditary claim, £od irhose assent f4ii«ies8ary to render valid all conveyances of land, or treaties of whatever kind, to which he affixes the ttiar'k of the tribe or nation. Thoucrh th^nn miiitanr and ciTii ^»s-. chiefii are contidtred m the hesds of the batid« and

thetn an answer, to aing their traditionary songft^ or to tomnitthorate the dead. In the^ie ^uncils thiiy ptopbse ^H stich matters as concern the state, and whi6h hMre befen alrendy digested in the secret councih, at Which M>ne but the head men assist. The chiefs seldom s|>eafc nt^ch tb«mielves at these general mectingsi but iikti^m their sentiments with a person who ib catted their spieiiken oi>Orat^, tbert being one 6( (his profession in every liribe or town^ } and their manner of speaking is natiiral and easy, their words strong and espresiivtej their «>le boW, fifelirative, ani laconic^ wbattevfer is told tending either to ibrin thto' judgment or rouse ihi passions. When any business of constqaefede is trahsact^, they appoint a feast tfj^sn the occasion, of which almost thfe whole nation paricakes. BeibrO the eritertimmetlc is m. dy, the principal person begins a afon^ on the reinark^ •Wfe evtehts Of their history, hild whaliever ^ay teilW to tm. Thejr alto have d«Dc«., chiefly oft mtrtiti klnH . P.U, pri™.,u««l. .« „f,.„ d„ij^ thirty "a*"' •T"""" ""f"-!"- with.™. ,te ta.w.„.Ji~'«": of a ganeral cooneil. Theie Drint. .JLj-.- B«i when » «• bewmw a i„tion,| .fci- ■.^j, „,„ . «l>« wiA great cfeliberation. Ther fir.. ..iT. Wrof .be «!„».«, chief ,„ri!L ^ - ... *■""" ^ ..ir. «.a e«r. .hi„g rellS^^Ti " 'r^,"i::; coogrejj. «B«Ht .h. ».r.her« !,««.„ .„d ,h. Fi«T i»n.,.h, .omen ha«. „i„ „ ,.,,„ .hemcrwJlV puK. the afTur they h„. „et to «,b,oU upon, ,^ ..^ ..gup the tomahawk, Shich Heaby him, „;.tX «»"« m will go and 6gb. .g,i„« .„eb c na.I ? Who among y«. ,«! bring capti^. f,„m thence ^r.; pl«. wr decMed friend., .bat our wrong. „., ^ irrS: •"*•" ~"» "«' •«' "ononr mafnta.",;, ^ ll»ng «• the riverp Bow, the irraM frrows ri »k- . -«- ••»» t--- '•• Thenar ST.: ' z t^rrri ««m»g. h.rr.ng„e. the whole ...emblyr^ X w«d, «ldr.„inghi„«|f,o ,te.y„ men, „„,'^ »ho«„onB n»ll> . j— ^^ ^aated .^, ^ ^l^f^ :£:;;;,"^-J ft«»d.«» d.„c. begin.. .nd,h.rI7r«7r'- •l»«fcl...«hUon to ,h.i, i„,e„d,j «1Jm» ^ "«' que«,orlo Ibeit own skill » "P""**" and con. 'Wrenemie.. Their exnl" ' ""' ""9»'"' iY-<>.a.:.HX7hr:::;:r,or'"*''-''»'- on. of .h.„ in conjnoSt h" r*"?- " "" to excite one, who does not im»L- . *"• * "»•'«• •ben,, ,0 l.ke. p.r, i„ Z iTT'"'^ *'*»■' "P*" h.nd.of «,melr«.„ y„«nK«rriL '"""'•' ''T «!«• P«m. to the per«» ^^.7.^' 1- "'"'« "' •'-^- dom fcil. of producing th" . ft* «?'■;•• •""' "'• they >end an embaasr with a l.«». k V. , '"''* "»'"»• •bloodr halehet. in«W th^T "^ """'""» "^ Wood of their enemij"^ •"""'• '»" """" th. The wampum used on the«». w,.onl,.,„,u •he bank, of the l.te I. » ' "• **«•• ""l oa akindofcHndrict^i' ^ilTf^lf ''"'^'' * .l«II.. which a« esteemS^,::; IT^ "" "** gold «re among «. Th. btacklL, *"/l ""'" "* -able , both of them .«. 'w, ^L*'V ' """ ^• mentt, answering ,11 ,h, e!l*T " ""■*• "O om,. The, haw ,ko .ft J( Z^ ,»' T"'' «».''»» »— ■m .hem i.o their belts^^C ^t."!"--*.- thousand different .i«,, fo,«. ' JT •" ' " '*" o»>r tobe ornament, hr ev^ ^^ ^fT* •'' " »» -^96-. th« wMUpum of nrioiM colours and shades ; and at they arainadesignificantofalmost any thing (hejr pleasO} by these their records are kept, and their thoughts commu- nicated to one another, as ours are by writing. Thui the belts that pass from one nation to another, in all im- portant transactions, are carefully, preserved in the cabin of ^iieir chiefs, and serve both as a kind oi reccrd <»• his- tory, and as a pablic treasore ; hence they are never used on trifling occasions. : The cahuut, or pipe of peace, is of tio fesa impor- tancej nor is it less revered among them; The bowl of this pipe is made of a kind of soft red stone, easily wrought andhollowed cmt ; the stem is of cane, or a kind of light wood, painted with different colours, and adorned with the heads, tails, and feathers, of the moat beauttiiil birdd, &c. The use of the calmut, is to smoke either tobacco or some other herb used instead of it, when they enter into an alliance or any solemn engage- . ment ; this being esteemed the most sacred oath that can be talent the violation of which is thought to be most infamous, and deserving severe punishment in the other life. When they treat of wa^', the whpje pipe and aUiM ornaments are red ; jometimes it ia'red only 021 one aide, and by the dispofitibn of :he feathers, &c. a person acquainted with their customs, knows at first sight the intentions or desires of the nation who presents it* Smoking the calmut is also upon some occasions and in all treaties considered as a aacred oath, as a seal of their decrees, and a pledge of their performance of them. The sise and decorations of their calmuts are common- ly proportioned to the importance of the occasion, to the qualUy of the parsons to whom they are presented, and to the esteem and regard they have for iheonu Another instrument pf great importance among them jyi the tomahawkt This ia an ancient waapoui used by «W» in Wifi before they were tuight tke an ol thM tte roomof Ute«», but «ill u nuia, its lu. mi im. »m. r..pec.. «ke . h.,ch... h.Ti„g . to„g b„r, .te he«l,wk.cb... round koob of «,Iid wood cilcuhted tl kBock.B.»doi,»,b„o« the other «.-e » point, bend. Z».rh r*" •■" """'• ' "^ «""..«».« whereibe hendle pierces the head uothcr point p,»iecti forw«d, of. «».ider.bl. ,.„g,h, which J,„ ^ , ^^ J Wh like.. peer. The tom.b»,k i, .ho om.mentrf wub p.„„«g ^ fc„h.„, ^i.p^^ ^ ».rieB.Te d 1« r'lf .!"■" I"™' •«•«"»« to the o«c..ion „d end for whKh tker .re uud j .nd on it is kept * kind of |.«raa,.f.hei,„.,ch.. „d most ln.por.L o«c«r„nf.- c^'edrdTh."^."'^ °«'^P""- Wher.he c.uncir# c^ed to d.l,b.r«e on w»r. the lon..d«,fc i. «„k,^ J^ »d wh«, ih. coonci. siu U is l«d down by the ^l .nd .f «„ he eoncladed .pon. the c.p,.i„ of the vounJ *»i sing, the •«.«,„g. When the council i. owe, thi. or some other of the «me kind. i. ..„t b, the hwd. rf the «u« .„ri.r to .„ry .rfbe c«.ceroedVwh^ ,1^ h Sre.e.,U.b.ltrfw.„p„„, ^ deliver.' hrL'^'^ throwiog the tomahawk on the ground, which T^ 1 »P b, one of the most .,p.„ l„^^ TLrJ^ to jou, i if not, i, U returned wiih « b^ rf .h7 ^^ Wm suited to the occwiou. ""' '•■»■ 'lach nation or tribe has its distinct >•>.:.« ' consisting of «»,.b.„,. bi4 . fab '^1 f:"*"'" N.^« hare the be.r. otter, ^..fe. tortoi's^.n^'^.^r .^^bT.r::*of"i.r '• n '^""^ *""«<^<^ " ■ •**■!*»• " »heie animals arc pricked Md r«Ji,r J «»«v.r..p.ruof^beirbodi.. ee^sr.B;'! :LrC ^ N M — 9ff— march through the wood*, thcjr at every encainpnlelK'/ cit the figure of their armt on the trees, especially when thejr have had a ffuccessfu) campaign, that travelieri may know that they have been there ; recording ako in their way the number of prisoners and scalps they have tnken. Their military appearance is very lodd and terrible.-- They tut off all their hair, «accpi a spot on the crown of their head, and pluek out their eye>brows. The lock left upon the head is divided into several parcels, each of which is stiffened, and intermixed with beads and feath- ers of various shapes and colours, the whole twisted and connected together. They paint themselves with a red pigment down to the eyebrows, which they sprinkle o?er with white down. The gristle of their ears are slit al- most quite round, and hung wi»h ornaments that havo generally thi figure of some bird or beast dr^wn upon them. Xhetr noses are likewise bored and hung with beads, and theij faces painted with various colors. On their breasts are a gorget ot medal of bfass^ copper, or aome other metal ; and by a string which goes round their necks, is suspended that horrid weapon caUed the icalping knife. Thus equipped, they march forth, singing their war •ong, till they lose sight of their tillage ; and are gener- ally followed by their wotnen, who assist them in carrying their baggage, whether by land or water, but commonly return before they proceed to action. They have generally one commander for every ten men ; and if the number amounts te one hundred, a gen- ial is appointed over the others, not properly tp com- mand, but to give his opinion. They have no stated rules of discipline, or fixed methods of carrying on a war } but make their attacks in as many different wayi M there are occasions, but generally in flying partieai equipped for that purpose. adfl .„d..n T'**'"™""^*'"'" chief govern, only by condttce. ^ "" *" «">»»' «"■ their .: Wh«ii iha InditM return from . •»- , . three forwrd to. cq«.i„, "Sir Jh^f! """' '"* "' me. .ah tb. mo..Zeri.1 11 : •"' "■' "«"« "'• er. oew ctahee, niat (heir lie™ >i,k '^ "" '"""- put imo .heir h^ ^X,'; ,^"' * * J"'™' «"-". «<« i.il. of deer. Th', hZ V ' . '""^ '•'""^ *'"' ">• .M.ciUp.,„du.e whole village .,«„ble .t .he w«« f»»B wch . «rz. "'^ ^'""•' ' "» •»<> «"« c*" -^100~ person ihto whoM fomiljr he it (o be adopted, tad there he is recehrcd with all imaginable mailttof kindceaa; He is treated as a friend, as a brother, or aa a husband, and they soon love him with the same tenderness as if he atood in the place of one of their friends. In short, he has no other marics of capWvitjr, but his not being suffer- ipdto return to his own mitioni tat hia attempting this woaM be punished with certain death. Bat if the sentence be deathi how dil^Brent iheir con- duct ! these people, who behave with such disinterasted affection to each oUier, with auch teademesa to those vhom they adopt, here shew that they are truly aavagct ; the dreadful sentence ia no sooner passed, than the whole village set up the death cry ; and, as if there were no medium between the most generous friendship and the most inhttiAaa crueky ; fbr the es^ecutimi of Mm whom ffhey had just before deliberated npop admitting Into their tribe is no bnger deferred, than whilst they can make th« necessary preparations for rioting in the most ^aboltcal erueltf . They first strip him, and fi«tng two posts in Uie ground, fasten to them two pieces ^m one to the lather ; one about two feet from the ground) the other about fife or sin fleet higher : then obligiog the unhappy ?ictim to mount upeo the lower cross piece, they tie his legs to it a little asunder : his hands are extended and tied to the Mgka formed by the upper piece. In this posture they bumiiim all over the body, aometimet first daubing him with pitch. The whole village, men^ wo- men, and children, assemble round him, Ml tiMr« iMt; H« Hidi and M if he liort, he ( suffer* iog thi« leircon- iteretted to those itfagct; lie whole irere no eod the a whom nto their ukethe ^kbolical potts ia i to the te other mhftppy tie bis ted and In this Hes first eii> WD- me tor- Iving to Z' !e. Bot i«n wt ed wilfi him oh . vnpeietltioiiily ilrfkiog with tmall twlg^ the Aimitnre, wdb, snd roofs to pretent his spirit from remiiniiw there to take vtngeence for the et Ui eemmitteii on his iKidf . Tlie remainder of the day and the night feOow. JngiB8peBtinrejoich%. This is tlie most wsoal method of ararderhig theh- pri- ■onersi but sometimes they fasten them m a single Btske, and build a fire arootid them^ at other times they erucily mangie their limbs, cut off their fingers and toes joint by joint, and sometimes scald them te death. Whal is the moM extraordinary, if the sufferer be an Indian, them seeme during Ae whole time of his execo. den, k 6>meit between him and hfo tty^m^ntors, which ahall oBtdo the other, they in fnfiietiog the most horrid pains, or he in enduring them i apt a groan, nor a sigh, w>t a distortion of coamenanoe escapes him in the midst reviou. to the late war between America and qreai-Brilian, a Briti.h officer by the name of JoN... .n accomplished young man, re.id- td near Fon Edward^-bi. vi.it. thither Lame more requent when he found him.eIfTrre.iMibly TawTby charm, of nat.ve worth and beauty. Mi.. MKeat. who e memory .. dear fb humanity .„d true affecti J wa. the object of hi. pewgrination., ^.' Mr. Jov». Ud not taken the precaution, nwcarv in hizardou. love, but had manife.ted to the lady by hi. constant atteniion, undisaembled and ingeniou. demean- or, thjit ardent affection, which a .u.cepUbIe heart com- pelled her implicitly to return. In this mutual inter- change of pa..ion., they .u^ered them.elve. to be tran.. ported on the ocean of imagination, till the unwelcome neceasity of t .eparatioo cut off every springing hope. The war between Great Britain and America comnfen- ced-a removal from thi. happy .pot was in con.equence suggeated to Mr. Jowb., ae indispensible. Noihinir could alleviate their mutuah horror, but duly^nolhing could alUy their reciprocal grief, .0 a. to render a .epa- rate corporeal existence tolerable, but .olemn vows, with the idea, of a future meeting. Mr. Jombs repaired to Canada, where all intercourse with the Proviocialt was prohibited. Despair, which preaented itself in ag- gravatcd colour, when General Buroovnk'. expedition through the States wa. fixed, aucceeded to his former hope..— The British army being encamped about three ■^w -*I03-i i&Hei from the Port, « detc»nf «••• j.n which r..W .IIbi.ro,rH.«T" ""■•»'• "» d««., which hi. hi. iV .»: "!""' '" "• "*""' "" t«Mt of her, whom rf In „T ! """' "'" '" "•« .« i»,„.„ :. pi. .:^^„ "";;'':/'-sh. i, hi. high. tn.Dd. to ihe conir.r» h. L ? ""*"" '"'' ">"•■ !••»« .urrendercd. h. would conv., *« t^ '*.''"''' Where ,h.x „igM p..oe.b./ni!L!, . .1^ "' ' "rcmon,. F.r from di«r/di. ^^ . ?' •*""" who could not deceive her !k v" ^ ""'"' "' '"'» or .he Jf«.':;ie.rof ^'^^trrr"' "'• *■•"■"' could no. „.ii . „ .„ . ™ * ? ■""oe'oo. friend. W.nd-.hec.».idel.7her.e7 '*" *•"'•«'-« h„ •ocie.y ol . „r,.B, ^.ij /^ ''"'' ''"»• With the .icsir^ «„Cce. Mr W T"""' "'"•" •*• «o whu he ;„ h;„ght r"„e."h «f "" '""""" '"- co»«y. hired . P.rt/.f ',;;, rf*;.^;^ :•»' of •»"•' «« to Mi.. M Ki4T. with hi. V ' •""' •'«t. Po.e of carrving her .r.h. , "''"*• '" "» P«'- Off, fired wi.h r::. °;l':''";'P?'»^^^ 'i-he, .„ «m, which w„ to com.., rf . 'j"" ''"""'•«' P""!^ lndi«, w,. the a™^™""^,™ "'"r. which, to .„ Jow. they .,g.eio„,„ heTupXIe^VT "' "" ""■ fc.r. .nd .pprehen,io„. which TJT \ ''^'*'" """ •xcil., in .he .ight of te^.™ T """"^ *» ">»« -^104-^ rtvedi tnd by their atgnt ^onviaced her from whoon tkej^ hed their initractions. If a doubt could remain, it was removed by the letter— it waa from her loTer* A lofib of his hair, which it contained, presented his maolf figure to her'glowing fancy. Here, reader^ guess what must have been her ecsta- sy.— She resolved to brave even the most horrid aspect, which might appear between her and him, whom she considered already hers, without a sigh— the did not for a moment hesitate to follow the wishes of her lover ; and took journey with these bloody messengers, expecting Tery soon to be shielded in the arms of legitimate affe^:* tion. A short distance only then seemed to separate two of the happiest of mortals.— A!as ! how soon are the most brilliant pctures of felicity defaced by the burning; band of affliction and wo ! How swiftly are the halcyon dreams, which lull the supine indolence of thought, sue* ceeded by the real pangs which are inflicted by a punish< iog providence or a persecuting foe ! Having risen the hill, at about eq^al distances from |hc camp and her former home, a sectMid party of Ih<' dians having heard of the captivating offer made by Mr^^ JoNBs, determined to avail themseli as of the opportuni- ty* The reward was the great object. A clashing of real and assumed rights was soon followed by a forioua and bloody engs^ennfnt,' in which severjtl were killed on each side. The coBlmander of the first party, perciHT^ ing that nought but tbe«lady's death could appease ^c fury of either, with a tomahawk deliberately knocked her from her horse, mangled her scalp from her bea".tiful temples, which he exiiUingly bore as a trophy of aeirf to the expectant and anxious lover ! Here, O diaap- poiotmenty was thy sting ! It was with the greatest dii> &irity that Mr. Jokes conld be kept from total deliri- um. His horror and indignation could not be appeaaedi tih itdiont for fttvirig^ risked hi* most valuable (rcift^r^ hi th^ bands of lawgei! drote him almost to madness. When the pafiiculafs of the melancholy event reicht^ Gen. BcadoTvx, beo.<^ered the survivdrs of both ihes* l^artiiesto rmmediate ^xeciitfoh. CHAP. V. INVASION or NEW-YORK and NEW ENGL * ND* A»J> DESTRUCTION o* SCHENECTADY, by thb FRENCH ^HD INDIANSi '« 1690; ■ *'■ ■ IN the year 1 6^0, the MbhawKs having made ieveriil Jiiccessfa! eattJfedltiOrts rfjraiiist thi Canadians, the Count FtONTEitXc (ttftaiie the dcpresstd spirit of the latter) d^spatchid seie^al parties of French and Indians to attack the froiitict settlements of NcwYork and New-England. AdeiAchihfent of nearly 500 French and Indians, unde* tfte command of lifocjieurs P. 'Aillbbout, Di Waul*^ ind ht WAVKti were despatched from Moirirealfor this putp*)^l^lhey w«re foraiahed with eve^ thing necea- ^try ^^ ^'mtt*i campaign,^ Aft«r a march of twenty- •H^od^ya, they on the 8th February rsfched Schenectady *^\htf hfad on their march been: so reduced as to harbor tfcoiights of surrendering themselves prisoners of war to (he Efyglisfa f but their spies (who 3»ad been for several days in the village, entirely unsuspected) representing in «6 strong terms the defenceless state of the mhabitanis, «» determined theih tomake an immediate aitack.^Tfaey fonnd the gates ofien and unguarded— ihty entered them about eleven o'clock at nighf, and the better to effect thiir hellhb purpose divided their maiir body iftto gevei«l dii* u -.106— tujct parties of six or seven men each •-the inhabitaftfs were in a profound sleep, and unalarmed until the enemy had broken open their doors and with uplifted tomahawks were surrounding their beds l-bcfprc they had time to n»c, the savages began the perpetration of the most in- human barbarities l-no language can express the cruel- lies which were commiMed--ii» less than one hour two hundred of the unfortunate inhabitants were Slain and the whole village enwrapt in flames »-A detail of the cruelties committed by the barbarians cannot be read without horror^They ravished, rifled, murdered an4 mutilated the inhabitants without distinction of age or sex, without any other protocatioa or incitement than brutal lust and wantonness of barbarity 1— pregnant women were ripped open and their infants cast into the flames or dashed against the posts of the doors 1 I—such monsters of Irarbarity ought certainly to be excluded from all the privileges of human nature, and hunted down as will! ?c«»ta, without pity or cessation. A few of the inhabitants c»c«ped, and in their shirts (in a severe and stormy night) fled to Albany— twenfy.fivc of the fugitives in their flight perished with the cold. The enemy after destroying the mhabitants lulled «ll the horses and cattle which they could find, with the exception of about thirty of the for- »«r, which they loaded with their plunder and drove off; When the news of the horrid massacre reached Albn- ny» w universal fear and consternation seized the inha- bitants—the country » jcame panic struck ; and many en- tertained thoughts of destroying the town and abandoning that part of the country to the enemy. A second party of the enemy which Count From temac had detached from the main body at the three rivers (un- der command of Sikur Hartel, an ofiicer of distinguish- «d character in Canada) on the 18th February fell upoft Stlmon Falls (a plaataUon on the river which difktef »«»■ Hampihire from the proTinet of Mrf».\_.i. coo.i.,.d «f .b.». TO men.^,;:;; "fe'^^r" !«.*.», s thqr commenced .he «.,ck ,, bre.k *fT "^ .«rp„«d. re. .he, fled .o *. "at ^J^'r^rd'uT™' •«" to march « the .h,«„,„„,ice. " '" ""''• On .he soth March, „ a prop,«d me..i„g ,f Co„ ""••■oner, fraa Ne».York and New En»Un/ . w« proposed and adopted for bvadi JJ Si'; ' P^*" rj:ir.;;::.:^,td"ar^^^""^^ WM .ent eipres. to England the beginning of A»rii carrjrmg a repre«nta.ion of the exp! "d Lf nf'^^K * .t"'" '"" "•• »-»"r of .he reS of Canl- • prayer w„ «I.o forwarded ., hi, maj«.y for Vt^ ^Tr.nTmTf "" ""■ • ■""'-"'^ ft'^'" - «Uc« the .enemy b, water, while .he colonial .room ff!.r-":r:6r?' »» "■»-•«"" in ch..f If :,:■ . -^ -..«„ «u arriirea wun .be troops under l,te co^. invalid near. the fa^U at the head of Wood vjree|c, early i^ the KjnoQth of^ August. When the aripjr arrived at the place appointed for t^e rendezvous q( the Indiani» from the File Nations (whp had engaged to assist the English) instead of meeting with that powerful body whjcb they expected and which the Indians had promised, there was no more than 7Q warriors from the Mohawks and Qnfidajk {--When the general had adyance^ about 100 roijeSf he found that there we^e not cano,es sujSScient to transppct one half the English across the lake— upon representing to the In- dians the in^possibility of the army^s pa^iQg into d^ia? da without a ^uch greater number of paiH»e8, they re- plied that it was then too lutjc in the season to make cao noes, as the bark would not peal— in il^prtf they artfi^ly evaded every proposal) and finally tol^ the general and his o£Eicers that they looked too high aqd ajdvised them only to attack Chambly, and the out Sj^tlements on thi| side of St. Lawrence— « MQb«wl^ H tbia her of F«nchl''':n;r'^-;!.eX S^ T came up with a »iron» nart. »f .k '*«'Slone. he »8.g.d«.de«e..«J^!''d.^,'^j/.t ?"''• •'""' "• tUen .hirty one men. wZTt """"^ '^"«' ""O Ohio «».i. Jrf „"'ard. J .5"'''' '■•■«• "• "» »>»y hundred, of ?„T „" *"""" "^Lr. «,d diaheartening l^'"*^- , »"« »o|'""...»ding .hi. o»., built a for, 'V K ! ' "'" """""* '"'"• ««««• ' ' "' •"« »0«icwly IgoUuff for .» .._ -^lli- Ivou New-Tork atHl Ptnnsylf aiiii | iMit b« iMkitd iH vain— nobody came to his atsistance. Not lohg afldf' Ibis hia unall forc^i ti«w rtduted to thi«« hundt-ed taeni ware attacked by an army of 11 00 Freoeh attd Indiahsk Nevt^r did the tnle Vi(>glnian ?al6r abiae iMre ^loriottilf than on this trying ocdaaieA. To see three hondred young felIow»ii^commanded hf a amooih-faced boy— all unaiicuttoftied to the terrors of vrar— far from hoaiet knd (torn ell ho{les of bel^shul ' 6p in a dreary wtldemeaa^ nM son^ittided by hnt timei their minfiber of sairage foes, and ^et, wilheut sign of fear, without thought of surrender preparing for ihoftal etfiubat* Ob ! it i^a« a nobM sig^ht l-^Scarofely sfnce the ' days of Leonidas and bis three hundred deathless Spar* tans had the sua beheM iU e<^ah With hideout #hoop« and yells the enemy came on like a hostoftygers* The woodS) and- rocks, and taU tree tops (as the Indians climb- ing to the lops of the treesi poured down their bullets inta the fort) were in (bine oontiniied blase and crash of fire-arms.. Nor were our young warriors idle, but «ni^ mated by their gaflant i^hief, plied their rifles with such spirity that their little fort resembled a volcark> hi full blactf Soaring and dhcftarging thiek shMta of liquid fire and of leaden deaths amorig their foes^ Fur three glori* ous hotira, ^laitiandar Rke^ inViloped hi smoke and flame, they aostainid the afttUck of the enemy'^ whold forte^ and laid two hundred ot them d^d oiv the «pot !-& Discouraged by such desperate resistahee, the French general, the Cotmt de Villi«rs sent in a flag to Was*- iNOTOM, eltollhig Ma gallafnftry to thi skiet, and ofibring him the mojK honorable terms. I( waa sfiftUlated tlHit Col. WA'SstNi»toM and his little band of heroei, ahotild; march away with all the honors' of war, atid c«rry lirlt^ them th^lr mifitary stores and baggag»0^ In the Spring of ITSS, WAsBiiiotoK, while busied ia the hi^heit military operAtiens, was sammoncd to attend Gen. Braddock, who in tha month of February, arrtfad at Alexandria, with 2000 British troops. The Asiembly of Virginia appointed 800 proTincials to join him. Tha object of this army was to march through the country, by the way of Will's Creek, to fort Du Quesne (now Pittsburgh, or Fort Pin.) As no person was so well ac- quainted with the frontier country as Washimgtow, and none stood so high in military fame, it was thought he would be infinUely serriceable to general BaADDocK. At the request of llse Gorcrnor and Council he cheerfully quitted his own command, to act as volunteer aid-de- camp to that very imprudent and unfortunate general.— The army near 3000 strong, marched from Alexandria and proceeded unmolested within a few miles of Fort Pitt. On the morning of t1»e day in which they expect, ed to arrive, the provincial scouts discovered a large party of French and Indians lying in ambush. WASBiHOTOVf with his usual ihodesty, observed to Gen. Baioooex what sort of enemy he had now to deal with. An enemy who would not, like the Europeans, come forward to « fair contest in the field, but, Concealed behind rotkt andf trees carry on a deadly warfare with their rifles. He con- cluded frith begging that Gen. BAaddock would grant ^ him the honor to let him place himself at the head of the Virginia riflemen, and fight them in their own way**. And it was generally thought that our young hero ao4 ^ his 800 hearts of hickory, would very easily hav^ beateii . them too, for they were not superior Co the foree^ whiclii (with only three hundred) he had handled so roughly « twelve month before. 0ut Gen. Bbaddock, who hs^wXt along treated the American ofiicers and soldiers with>^> finite contempt, instead of following this truly salutary a^ vice, swelled and reddened with most unmanly rage.^^ "High limes, by W-^ J" be exclaimed) strutUng ie and P -!.•'*■. fro, with arms a kiinlbo, " High tim«» ! when a young buekskiD can teach a Brhiah general how to fight !"-* Washihctgit withdrew, biting his lips with grief and in. dignatioD, to think what numbers of brave fellows would draw short breath that day, through the pride and obsli- Mcy of one epauietted fool. The troops were ordered Xajorrn and advance in €9lunnt through the woods ! ! •— In a ttttle time the rain which Wasbikgton hKd pre- dicted ensued. This poor devoted afmy, pushed on by their mad-cap general, fell into the fatal snare which was laid for them. All at once a thousand rifles began the work of death. The ground was instantly covered with the dying and the dea^. The British troops, thus slaugh- tered by hundreds, and by an enemy whom they couW not see, were thrown irrecoverably into panic and con- iusion, and in a few minutes their haughty general wifli 1300 of bis l)ravc but unfortunate countrymen, bit the ground. Poor Brabbock closed the tragedy with great decency. He was mortally wounded in the beginning of the action, and Washikotow had him placed in^% Ctrl ready for retreat. Close on the left, where the weight of the French and Indian fire prinoipaUy fell, Washihctow and. his Virginia riflemen, dressed in blue, •uatained the shock. At every discharge of their rifles the wounded general cried out, •« O mj brave Virginia Viut I Would toGia I eouid live to revardyoufbr such ioUantrj," But he died. Wasmhgtom buried him in the road, and to save him from difeovery and the scalp- ing knife, ordered the waggons on their retreat to irite over his grave I— O God ! what is man ? Even ^tkAng of npwghtU Amidst all this fearful consternation «nd carnage^ •ipidst all the uproar and horrors ofa rout, rendered still more dreadful by the groaoaof the dying, Ike screams of tl^e woiindcd, the pittcing sfarisks of the wom«iv and tht — 115^ yells of ifte furioui assauhiiiff ■•«•»«. wr. but mention hew ,»o »„, exirLrW ' " """"' -re uuereU .50U. Mn;ar^"r^*„7:^r«'';' '•■« ■■"• '"""d out, look a good deU liieZTk ■' '"*' «>««, w.. onen heard to „e,r that w!!L ""*"■ casider. that . good ria'e. ,.« .Xll p™ * t"r « /i» /M..T1- : . • " "'*'* '"""luWe word.-. CHAP. VII. INDIAN^ ' " """ ^ARS ""» T«» 'WPIANS, OH IB, OHIO, MOM 1769 to IM». imirrMK «r aitiSMir. '«V..Jt —lit. f habitation on the Taiiktei rtver in Worth-C«ro« ^1, to waiidcr through the wilderneM of America* In quett oi the country of Kc ^uckf, in company with iJoBN Piifiiif ToHfT Stuart. Joskph (Joloim, Jambs MovAT and Wi/ likm Cool. On the 7th Junei after trarelling in a western direc* tiohiWe fonnd ourselves on Red river, where John Fin- ley hud formerly been trading with the Indians, and from the top of an eminence saw with pleasure the beautiful level of Kentucky* For some time we had ex- perienced the most uncomfortable weather. We noiy encamped, made a shelter to defend us from the inclem- ent season, and began to hunt and reconnoitre ttie coun* try. We found abundance of wild beasts in this vast jforest. The buffaloes were more numerous than cattle m other sdtlemehts, browsing on leaves of the cane, or crossing the herbage on these ei^tensive plains. We saw hundreds in a drove, and the numbers about the salt springs were amazing.— In this forest, the habitation of beasts of every American kind, we bunted with great success until December. . On the S2d December, JoBir Stuart and I had a pleasing ramble ; but fortune changed the day at the close of it. We had passed through a great forest, in which stcr« ! myriads of trees, some gay with blosspms, others rich with fruits* Nature was here a series of wonders and ia fund of delight. Here she displayed her ingenuity and industry in a variety of fiuvrers and fruits, beautifully colored, elegantly shaped, and charmingly fla- vored ; nnd we were favored with numberleas animals presenting tlem^elves perpetually to our view. In the decline of the y Tf near Kentucky riv^r, as we ascended the brow of t ifr\ ^ ^ iil^ i- number of Indians rushed out of a thick -Si ; IS'' •>« and made us prisoner^ Tlic Indians pUtnd«C'<; ^.. «rsd kept v, m confintmeht sev^r fUfi* During thii we dlwovered no unr asintw or do- «»c brake, when .leep had locked up their .en.e., my S^ZL"' ^'l-^^n^ - U, re., , gent,, ..okJ Z ^^rr^' ""' ^"'°'""^ opportunity .rrj fZl »' T^*" "" '°""' *°^"'' *»"' °W camp, but f^f^jii^.md.r^,ai>.!i> :_ .. •'""ce,. 1 .ord my f„m on the y 1 ?"' "='"=""■• w. could no, c.rr/wi.h „, Vnd c^ZVj:^ ^ " ''^• ma, we took leave of our friendsJM „ September. JO-rney u. Kentucky, i„ J^^MlT^'r "" '"" •nd forty men that joined ns in pjl ,„ ? """^ f«m'«es. 1^0 mile.f™m .he'new set , "d p^ ' J^f V'''* « >l«« promising beginninewa. «,on . Kentucky i-bnt- of «I»er»ity. ^ "°" ""■<=»" *ill> « cloud On (he loih October the rear „f ™ «a«ked by a party of Ind ans wh^ kmL"'.""'""' '" «■ ed one man. Of the.e nlZ . ""' """^ *°""<1- m .be action. Though we J^lTl ""' ""»' "«« f'«' m"..ppra«!ur scaue^d o„, c'te 'dV"'?' ^" ""' extreme difficulir-we reZ., 'i r ""«''" "' '"to "emen, on Clen'ch^vTr "we h7 """ '" "" «'' mountain,. Powell'. .„d wJZ., T'"" "'" "«• i»e Cumberland mounui^^l " '"" T" "•■'""'"'■ overtook u.. TheM JT . - *" •''""o fortune pas-ing fro,; th^^" .«rn^™.'. -'» '!« ""■•e™,,.,'": *« «»ged in a «H«h„Sr.h^"!'r """"""'''• great length and breaHri. Ta """'"' <"ireciion, .le >jf «ber. Ov.r"em„t^;^V"? "f""' '""»•«'' ««Jt U,.n might te e«rrJ^l. ?**' <""«' '"' *«- pita. The fsp.« of ?hT cfr "" ^-^Of '"ch huge «■». i.i. impo.^ble7oth:,d w~ ^Th*'"."^ ""■"< VbUI the 6th June, irr* r *? • ?°"' """"• » 'he Clinch. »he» 1 .«i 1„ Jr""*^ *'"' »'' '^•'r ^**^i,- -.190— bcr of surveyor* to the falls of Ohio. This was a toOf of 800 miles, and took us sixty-two days. On my return, Got. Dummore gave me the command of three garrisons during the campaign •g«wt Jhe ""-Pri" •e Wl i« «i.lTo C^T'*'' *■""■» '<"- mile, of wWcb »•»» 00 our p.r,_,he IZ^ T" "'^ "'*«" '"r wouflded^wetooklh 'h„!L' "■/"' ■""«" ""^ .»„ The Indian. h.vTng .v^cutT,'-. """ '""^^'^'~ on the 611,, and on the r.h „'i. T. T^^' ^"^ "«™ On the 8th. the I„Hi. '■ "'' ■' Boonsborough. Mnderthecomma^aotc ""i' ""»»«"Rof *» ".» " Frenchmen, ^d ^h^r^^^S?' '"'""" °"- Woned the fort to surrender f "" ""^ ""»- l-Oeration which ^gt :;d/ Sg tll^l^ T »"«n m, ii,i„„ Th,„ ,1, ^ "■* '""• "''''0 • »"•«». The .,^"!":"i° "■"='";« "• "«y would with. ilS»«itoml^^ "I" •*'»««»• The article, wetf o«nd.igned5 when th. Indian, fold n, ;. -.! w A tbtir e^Btom for iwo Indiwii to shake hands with eyery white man in the treaty, as an ef idence of friendship. We agreed to this also. They immediately grappled us to take us prisoners, but we cleared ourselves of then>, though surrounded by hundreds, apd gained the fort safe, f xcept one man wh9 was wpunded by a heavy firt from the enemy* u j- u • The savages began now to nndermine the fort, begm- Tiing at the water mark of l^cntucky river, which is iO yards from the/ort ; this we discovered by the water be- ingmade muddy by the clay-we countermined ^hem by cutting a trench across their aubterraneous passage. The enemy discovering this by the clay we threw out of the ibrt, -desisted. On the 20ih August they raised the siege» during which we had two men killed and four wounded. We lost a number of cattle. The loss of the enemy was Zf killed, and a much larger number wounded. We picked up I35lbs. of their bullets, l^esidea what stuck ill ihc logs of the fort. In July, 1779, during my absence, Col. Bowmak, witn 160 men, went against the Shawanese of Old Chelicothe^ He arrived undiscovered, a battle ensued, which lasted until ten in the morning, when Col. Bqwman retreated 30 miles. The Indians collected all their strength and pursued him, when another engagement ensued for two hours, not to Col. Bowman's advantage. Col. H abrop proposed to mount a number of horses and b^e^k the en: Ly. line, who at this time fought with remarkable fury. This desperate measure had a happy effect, and the sav- ages fled on all sides. In these two engagements we had nine men killed and one wounded. Enemy s loai uncertain, only two scalps were taken. • June 23d, 1780, 500 Indians and Canadians undsr Col. Bird, attacked Riddle's and Martin's station, and ihe. yorka of Licking river, with six pieces of artillery i t.ipjf ■/ i-HI— i: pac^ tXk the iphabitants captive, and killed one mtn an4 Itwo women, load d the others with the heavy baggage, •pd soch as failed in the joornej were tomahitwked* The hostile disposition of the savages* caused Genera^ Clakic, the commandant at the falls of Ohio, to march with his regiment and the armed force of the countrf ■gainst Peccaway, the principal town of the Shawanese, pn a branch of the great Minroi, which he attacked with great success, took seventy scalps, and reduced the town to ashes, with the loss of seventeen men. ' About this time I returned to Kentucky with my fam!' ly ; for during my captivity, my wife, thinking me kil- led by the Indians, had transported my fsmily and goods on horses through the wilderness, amidst many dangers, to her father's house in North*Carolina. On the^th of October, 1790, soon after my settling again at Boonsborough, I went with my brother to the Blue Licks, and on our return, he was shot by a party of Indians, they followed me by scent of a dog, which f shot and escaped. The severity of the winter caused great distress in Kentucky, the enemy during the sum^ mer having destroyed most of the corn. The inhabit, ants lived chieflf on BufTuloe's flesh. In spring, 1783, the Indians harra&sed us. In IVL^y, they ravished, killed and scalped a woman and her tvo daughters near Ashtok's station, and took a negro prs* pner. Capt. Ashton pursued them with 25 men, and in an engagement which lasted two hours, his party wer." obliged to retreat, having 8 killed and 4 mortally wound ed ; their brave commander fell in the action. August 10th, two boys were carried off from Major HoT*s station-— Capt. Holaer pursued the enemy with 17 men, who were also defeated, with the loss of 7 kil^ led and 2 wounded. Our affairs became morA and more alarming. The savages infested the country and de- ,^, •-1S5* t ^royp^ the whites ai opportunitjr preiented. In a ielA pear Lexington, an Indian shot a man and running 19 ■calp bim, was himself shot from the fort and fell dea^ .upon the ground. All the Indian nations were now uni- ted against us. August I4fth. ^qp Indians en^ Canadians came against Briat's .tation, five mile, from L^ingXon, they aslaul^ cd the fort and killed al^ t^e cattle round it , but being repulsed ,hey retired t;,e ihird day, having about 80 J. led, their wounded unceriaip. The garrison had four JtiHed and nme wounded. August 18th, Colonels Todd and Taioc, Major Har. LAMP and myself, speedily collected one hundred and seventy.8,x men, well armed, and pursued the savages. They had marched beyond the Blue Licks, to a remarka- We bend of the ma^n fork of Licking River, about 43 TqI" T ^"'"«*°'»' "^^^^^ ^« P'^rtook them on the 2Lnf »t"''"^'?^"™^"'* ^•^•' way, and we ig- norant of their numbers, passed the river. When thev ?aw our proceedings (having greatly the advantage in situation) they formed their line of battle from one end of the hcking to the other, about a mile from the Blue l^icks. The engagement was close and warm for about fifteen mmutes. when we. being overpowered by num. bers, were obliged to retreat, with the loss of 6/ men 7 of whom were taken prisoners. The brave and much ]anaented Colonels Todd and Thico, Major Harlakd and my second son, were among the dead. We we J afterward, informed, that thp Indians, on numbering their dead, findmg that they had four more killed than we, four of our people they had taken were given up to Uieir young warriors, to be put to death after their bar. barous manner. On our retreat we were met by Col. Logan, who waa ha^ienrng to join us, with a number of weU armed men. —w— Thi. powerful ...i.u„ce we w««.d on ,h. d« „f k . . The enemy uid one more Br. t. *' " '»'"*• •hen g,>e way. '" '""» " •""'I ""e mirf, I cnnot reflect upon ihi. dreadful .cene --.i. •orrow. A zeal for the defence of .1. • ' ■""' e«« ».«... .o the scene of lot 'fcottTireT '" """ .t(.ck , powerful .rn.y of .«erie?«d^ * "*"' "» »e g«e way, they pursued u. whh .1 """• "'*"• .nd in every quarte'r .p Jd delt^ue o?'^:"^"""- d-fficult to cro... and „any were kil d ii .h*. T' "" ju« entering, he river, «n.e in the w.,er " f ' T* croMing in awending the clifft sZ '" *"«' back, a few on foot , .„d bdn. ^ '*""*" "" '«'"«• in • few hour,, brought the ™^f T'"' ""> •"«'«. for.»na,e battle to t«i„' :r M^ "'*' "' ""' "»• «»»ml ihe whole diarir. „r ,r i , ""'" '"°P» "» •hor. and bJl?,h"^°°/'''° '"■''''"'* '"« conflicts, P^iv..«, after defindi'.ir '""' ""''''''•" '•■"= pom,,, whh .he gre„e., po,.ib "b, in.noJ , '"""' e^caDcd r,? " ''"^"'•* who providential y ccapetj, and his cscane annean-rl f« ,i . *'«'"''»iiy J"cky circumstance of^^, ^'"^ "*°'''* «" « pursuer,, ,h,„ ,>om any ler circuZ.nce Ca, ■ hirr.:rr ", - ""•""'"'=«' "- p- ""-.erd: .0 hS "jiP'-'f "S "i-'lf '"'0 a pond or sw..p up « command of Major VVritv. and Colonel H*»n,»<,, who were or. .h.% a„°„"'"°J' ■'"'' '° "" '"""• O" '■>«- ««' "'"n« y fled .'.7'? " '""" '"''^ "' '""'"'• "'■» ™"'«'iia.e. ly fled at the lirst onset, and by that mean, decoyed the frentdnea,on,,and encouraging the milili, t» i,«r.ne : hv this stratagem the few regalar troops were left donea and the Indians had effected their design, for the momeiit they found the small handful of regular troops detached from the main body of the militia, they commenced the attack with their Whole iorpe, excepting the Hying par- lies that had divided the militia ; and although they soon found some part of the militia returning on their backs, pursued their object of routing and destroying the troops, as the only sure plan of success ; which after a ,nost bloody conflict on each side, they effected. Nothing could exceed the intrepidity of the savages on this occasion j the m.litia they appeared to despise, an4 with all the undauntedness conceivable, threw down their guns, and rushed upon the bayonets of the regular sol- diers ; a number of them fell, but being so far superioP in numbers, the regulars were soon overpowered, for labile the poor soldier had his bayonet m one Indian, tWQ TOore would sink their tomahawks in his head. The de- feat of the troops i^as complete, the dead and wounded were left on the field of action, in possession ot the savages. The following is a copy of the official return of the kU- led and wounded iwthe expedition :— KiUtd of the Federal Trocps. \ Major, 1 Lictttenant, TS raidc and file-total 75. ? ^Wounded— 3 rank and file. Killed of the MilHia, \ Major, S Captains, 3 Lieutenants, 4 Ensigns, 9f rank and lite-total 180— Wounded-2 Lieiitenants, I Ensign, 25 rank and file— total— 28. The regular troops all to nine, including two commis- aioned officers, were kUled-among the slain was Major Wtllts, and a number of brave and valuable soldiers. The Indians, it appeared, from some cause, did not think \i prudent to pursue meir successes uwjm "- •— -- - ^133— alonea lomeot itached ced the )g par- fa \hcf n their ing Ihe after a ages on 186} and wn their liar sol- loperior redi for an) two The dc- ivoanded savages* [ the kil- 75.- ligns, 9f iitenants, ) commis- <%% Major solditrs. not think tion» «• moit of the troops that were not killed or badljr iroundedf nade their escape, wiiich thejr could not have effected had the enemy pursued with their usual fory* CHAP. IX. f EXPEDITIONS OF GEMERALS SCOTf AND WILKINSON, fir Mat mum Auwsrn 1791. Gbv. SCOTT It) l«B SECRETARY or WAR. ^< Iti prosecution of the enterprise* I marched (with 8#0 troops under mf command) four mtles from the banks of the OhM» on the 8Sd Maf » and on the S4th I iasumed my march, and pushed forward with the ut- imoat industry, directing my route to Ouiattannaor in the best manner my guides and i&lbmiatioii enshlcd moi though I found myself greatly deficient in both. *< By the 31st) I had marched one hundred and thirty, five miles, over « country cut by four large branches of White River* and many smaller streams with steq» mud- dy banks : During this march, I traversed a ccuintry al- ternately interspersed with the most luxurious skmI, and deep clayey bogs from one to five mites wide, rendered almost impervi(Mis by brush and briars* Rain fell in tor- rents every day, with frequent blastst»f wind and thunder storms* The^e obstacles impeded my progress) wore down my horses, and destroyed my provisions* " On the morning of the 1st instant as the army enter- ed an extensive praire, I perceived an Indian on horte- — 134— tachmcr^t lo intercept him, but he f scapfed. Finding myself discovered, I determined to advance with all the rapidity my circumstances would permit, rather with the hope than the expectation of reaching the object sought that day j for n>y guides were strangers to the country which I occupied. At I o'clock, having marched by computation one hundred and fifty-five miles from the Ohio, as I penetrated a grove which bordered on an ex- tensive praire, I discovered two small villages to my left, at two and four miles distance. « My guides now recognised the ground and informed me that the main town was four or five miles in front, l^^-behind a point of wood which jutted into the praire. I immediately detached Col. John Hardin, with 60 moun. ted infantry, and a troop of light horse under Captdin M'Coy, to attack the villages to the left, and moved on briskly with my main body in order of battle toward the town, the smoke of which was discernable. My guides were deceived with respect to the situation of the town ; for instead of standing at the edge of the plain through which I marched, I found in the low ground bordering on the Wabash, on turning the point of woods, one house presented in my front. Capt. Price was ordered to as- aault that with forty men. He executed the command with great gallantry, and killed two warriors. « When I gained the summit of the eminence which overlooks the villages on the banks of the Wabash, I dis- covered the enemy in great confusion^ endeavoring to make their escape over the river in canoes. I instantly ordered Lieutenant-Colone! Commandant Wilximsow to rush forward with the first battalion ; the order was exe^ cuted with promptitude, and this detachment gained the bank of the river just as the rear of the enemy had em- barked : And regardless of a brisk fire kept up from a Kickapoo town on the opposite bank, they in a few min* — IM— we., by . well directed «re from .heir ri«e., deetroyed .11 •he uvagc. with which five unoe. were crowded , J '^^', r"™'' ""' ■"■" P"""''"" of 'he Klck.m» town. I determined to di.lodge then., and for .he pur- rmrl"T "",'"'"'• ^""''' •"*' ''»«»■'»•'•• compenle. o r«.rch down the r,»er below the .own .„d cro.. under the conduct of Major Ba„ee : Several „f ,he Ttn •wan, the river, and other. p„,ed in . .„.,i c,„oe._ ihi. movement w.i unobserved, and my men had taken post on the b.i,k before they were discovered by the ene. my who immediately abandoned the village. About this l.me word w.» brought me that Col. HAa»,» was incum- be.ed with prisoners, *i,d h.d discovered a .tron«r vil. l-ge further to my l.ft, ,h.„ tho.e I had observed, which C.nrBr''""'T'..° """"'• ' '"""'"i"'")' Jetached but 'he H 7 I '" """"'"^ '" ""'P"" "« Colonel , lived the business was done, and Col. H«d.« joined me 1. 1!. before sunset, having killed six warriors Ind t.k«! fifiy-two pnsonera. Captain flu.:., .fc, warrior who Z .nd given the alarm a short lime before me , but the vil" ..ch my Lieut cl r""' "T'''^ ' ''"""""«' '» '^^ lacn my L.eui. Col. Commandant with five hundred men. to destroy the important town of Kethlipecanunk, at Z mouth of the Eel river, eighteen mile, from my carnp^ . d on the we., side of Wabash. Urn on ex.mL. ^I discovered my men and horse, .o be crippled and Tm down by a long laborious march, and ,heac.iv. e«rl„™ 01 the preceding day ; ihat three hundred and sixtv m.» : sir "th """"'■ '" "''""^'° ""•'""•■'e '•:: enTe" prise and thty prepared to march on foot. hJl^l^""'"."'' '"""'"' "'■•" ""» -leiachment a, half after five m U.e evening, and returned .omv«n.i! the n«xt dKy at one o*clocki h«?ing marched thirty-iis miles in twelve houri, «nd destroyed the most imporuat settlement of the enemy in that quarter of the federal territory. «« The following is Col. Wilkinson's report respedU ing the enterprise :-• •t SiR<— The detachment under my command} destinad to attack the village K^hlipeeanunk, was put in motion at half after five o'clock last evening. Knowing that ao enemy whose chief dependence is in his dexterity as a marksman, and alertness in covering himself behind trees, stumps, and other impediments to foir sightt would not hazard an actiorr in the night, I determined to prsh my march until I approached the vicinity of the Tillages where I knew the country to be champaign.-*. I gained my point without a halt, twenty minu'es before I I o'clock ; lay upon my arms until 4 o'clock, and half an hour after aasauUed the town at all quarters. The €nemy was vigilant, gave way on my approach, and in *:;.T»oes crossed Eel creek, which washed the northeast part of the town — That creek was not fordable. Mf corps dashed forward 'with the impetuobiiy becoming fiilunteers, and were saluted by the enemy with a brisk fire from the opposite side of the creek. Dauntless they rushed en to the water's edge, and finding the river im-* passable, rcturwtd e volley, which so galled and discon- certed their antagonists, that they threw away their 5re without effect. In five minutes the Indians were driven from their covering, and fled with precipitation* 1 have three men slightly wounded. At half past five the town •was in flames, and at six o'clock I commenced my re- • tr*.at. « I am Sir, yours, 8cc« " JAMES WILKINSON. « Brigadier'jGeMrai Scof^/* ^ « Many of the inhabitants of Kethiipecanunk w«rd French, and iived in a state of civilization :-miiundfer. standing the object of a white Bag, which appeared on an eminence oppoiite to me in the afternoon of the first I liberated an aged squaw, and tent with her a message* to the savages, that if they would come in and surrender^ their towns should be spared, and t^ey should receive good treatment* [It was afterwards found that this white flag was not intended as a signal of parley, but was placed there to mark the spot where a person of distinction atnong the Indians, who had died some time before, waa interred.] On the 4th, I determined to discharge 16 of the weakest and most infirm of my prisoners with a talk to the Wabash tribes, a copy of which follows. My mo- lives to this measure were, to rid the army of a heavy in- cumbrance, to gratify the impulses of humanity, to in. crease the panick my operations had produced, and by distracting the council of the enemy, to favor the views of government. ^ «' On the same day, after having burned the towns and adjacent villages, and destroyed the growing corn fend pulse, I began my march for the rapids of Ohio where I arrived the 14th, without the loss of a singte man by the enemy, and five only wounded, having killed thirty.two, chiefly warriors of si2fe and figure, and taken fifiy-eight prisoners.*' To the various tribts of the Peankashawg, and all the natiom of Red People, living oH the Waters of the Wabaih River. " THE Sovereign Council of the Thirteen United Stales, having long patiently borne your depredations a. ^aii-itlheirsettlcments on thissideof the great moun- tains, in hope that you would see your error, and cor* r^ct it, by entering int^bonds of amity and lasting peace. .Moved by compassion, and pitying your misguided coun. ficils, they have not unfrequently addressed you on t„hj« snls^ ject, hix\ lyilhojjt efec^. At jjcnglh ^lieir pi^tien^it if ei- bausitd) find thejr hf^ve streticl)c4 fortb tb^ »rm of pow(Bf figaiQst you* T|))Bir mighty sops f nd cfei^f F*rri9r» h»rf at length taken yp the hatchet, thjey hav^ penstrftt«4 fftF into ypttP coqiury, to ipeet yopr w»rnpr|, ^n'i ttm^k lfe?Pl for their transgressions. Bu( you fled befAff tlytm %n4 decline the battle, leaving your wive^ and children to their mercy. They haye destroyed your oW ^own, Ouiattanaut »nd the neighboring villagesi and have taken many prli aoneri. Besting here two days, to give you time to col* lect your strength, they have proceeded to your tqwa lof Kethlipecanunk ; but you 9gain Qed before th^m ; and that great town has been destroyed* After giving you this evidence of their power^ they have stopped their hands, because they are as merciful as strong, and thcjr again indulge the hope, that you will come to a sense of your true interest, and determine to make a lasting peace with them and all their children forever. The United Sitates have no desire to destroy the red people, al« though thef have the power to do it ; but should you de* cUnt (his invitation, ^nd pursue your uuprovoked hostili- ties! their strength will agaip be exerted against you, your r;arriors will be slaughtered, your wives and children ciarried into taptivity, and you m^y be assured, that those who escape the fury of our mighty chiefs, shall find no resting place on this side the Great Lakes. The war. riqra of the United States wish not to distress or destroy women and children, or qjd men, and although policy ob- liges them to retain some in captivity, yet compassion and humanity have induced them to set others at lib^rty» who will deliver you this talk« Those who are carried off will be left in the care of our great chief and wa^ior Gen. St. Clair, near the mouth of the Miami and |p« posite to the Licking River, where they will be treat^ mith bumanity wid tcndcri^esB j if you wish to i^ecove^ »d K,*!* pete. .Jilr*^,"7^ «/•>■' ••<• to*»,, >m«»roaf doUBtA i» dk^i.? i . *'" "*'" be burred (ag««») OHAtttES SCOTT, S.lg.e„, . guiOe, «d tavtoK done r ""'' '^""^ ^-'An- ' ?embr.„ .be first momen.'. rH " f ' '"'':' •^'^'«'« detail'to your EKelwJ.t """ ^o" »«i« diKjr to pu«. feinted bo.d,;:t't ^ j,rs rv'"='"-' direct course th= nature of the I,! !, ' ' *' """ M to march, To«ldrr„u .,«"""'' ?'" *'"■"' » -»•» .he morLg of thTX 'in'.'^'T';:'' '" ""' P'" "•el^untiDit .round If.! ""^ ""'"''J' "oided Ie.-/J1,I£T?5'J'"»«'»J'. '"d the path, which , --. .,,^ ,,„,„ „.,er to the W,(,„b, Ie.,i„g t^ head watersofthe first to my left ; I then being about seventy miles advanced of Fort Washington) turned north-west. I made no discovery until the jth, about 9! o'clock, A. M. when I cjrossed tb|ree much frequented paths within two miles of each otheri and all bearing cast of north f my guides were urgent for mci to follo'df these paths, which betrayed their ignorance of the coun- try, and convinced me I had to depend on my own judg^ mentfinly* In iheafternDop of that day, J was obliged lo cross a deep bogi which injured several of my horses exceedingly, and a few miles beyond I struct; » path/ bearing north by west, marked by the recent footsteps, of five or siy savages. My guides renewed their applica* tion to me to follow this path, but I puriiued my own course. I had not got clear of my encampment, next morning, before my advaqce reported an impassable b<^, in my front, extending several miles on either hand} and the guides asserted that the whole country to the yTa- bash was cut by such bogs, and that it would be impoa- aible for me to proceed unless I followed the Indian pathsi ^bich avoided these bogs, or led through them at places where they were leas't difficult. Although I had Httl^ regard to this information, as delay was dangerous, and every thing depended on the preservation of my horses, I determined to return to the right, and fall into the path I had passed the evening before, which varied in its course from N. by W. lo N. E. The country had now become pondy, in every direction, I therefore re&olved to pursue this path until noonj in the hope that it Di{Ould, conduct me to better ground, or tp some devious trace ■)vhicb might lead to tbe object sought. , > At 7 o'clock I crossed an cast branch of Calume? riy- er, about 40 yards wide, and about noon my adyance guard $red on a i>mail pariy of warriors and look a Rris- ^ner, the riest run o^ to the eastward. I baited &botj| «b«ui ,'" *"""■ .l.~bby,.k b„r.n. in.,rwcterrire™.V, " "'"r mo« i«p..„b,e. .„d imperviou. ,; C. Jf'':,J^°f * TrZ''^T::T''^ """ ''«cume..in :'.7t::^ ine repo.t of the prisoner*, very few »hn i— .« f ^''^ mourned fh T '"'"'**"' •»««?* «%^» iad mounM their horses and rode up the river tlTp ^ jjv Mi^v tCEjT 9i*|) i^^u |j|^ — U4— fiJlutwa inforined me was stored about two miles ffofH town. I detached Major Caldwell in quest of It, but he failed to make any discovery, although he scoured ih« Goutltry for seven or eight miles up the river. 1 encamp- ed In the town that night, and the next morning I cut up the corn scarcely in the milk, burnt the cabins, mounted Wy young warriors, squaws and children in the best man- ner in my power, and leaving two infirm squaws and m child with a short talk (which will be found annexed) I commenced my march for the Kickapoo town in the praire.— I fell my prisoners avast incumbrance, but I was not in force to justify a detachment, having barely 523 rank and file, and being then in the bosom of the Ouiattanou country, orte hundred and eighty miles re- moved from succour, and not more than one and a half days forced march from the Pattawamees, Shawanese and Delawares. Not being able to discover any path in the direct course to the Kickapoo town, I marched by the road leading to Tippecanoe, in the hope of finding some diverting trace -which might favor my design.— I eiicamped that even- ing about six miles from Kenapacomaque, the Indian nam* for the town I had destroyed, aiui marched next morning at four o'clock.— My course continued west till about nine b»clock,when I turned to the north west on a ateall hunting path, and at a 5*hort distance I launched into the boundless praires of the west, with the inten- tion to pursue that course, until I should strike a road -which leads from the Pattawamees of I ake Mitchigan, '^mediately to the town I soaght. With this view I pushed forward, through bog after bog, to the saddle ■kirts in iriud and water, and after persevering for eight hours, I found myself environed on aT sides with mo- rasses which forbade ray advancing, and at the same I'.jj.^ ^^P^^.»H it aiSirnU ibr me to extricate t 12 o'clockv which had been occupied by the enemy, who watched my no- tions and abandoned the place that morning. After the destrtiction of this town in 1 jne last, the enemy had re- turned and cultivated their corn and pulse, which I found in high perfection and .n much greater quantity than at L'Anguilhi. To refresh my horses and give time to cut down the corn, I determined to halt until ihcYext morn- ing, and then refiume my march to the Kickapoo town in the praire, by the road which leads from Ouiattan- au to that place. In the course of the day I had dis- covered some murmurings and discontent among the men, which I found on enquiry to proceed from their reluctance to advance into the enemy's country; this \ —14^— induced me to call for a state of the horses and protj- aionj, when to my great mortification 270 horses were returned lame and tired, with barely five day's proyisioD for the men. ' ' Under these circumstances I was compelled to aban- don my designs upon the Kickapoos of the praire, and wiUia degree of anguish not lobe comprehended but by those who have experienced similar disappointments ; I marched forward to a town of the same nation, situate about three leagues west of Oulattanou— as I advanced to the town, the enemy made some shew of fighlint; me, but fanished at my approach. I destroyed this town consisting of thirty houses, with a considerable quantity of corn in the milk, and the same day I moved on to Ouiaitanao, where I forded the Wabash, and pro- ceeded to the site of the villages on the margin of the praire, where I encamped at 7 o'clock. At this town and the villages destroyed by Gen. Scott in June, we found the corn had been re planted, and was now in high cultivation, several fields being well ploughed, all which we destroyed. On the 12th I resumed my march, and falling iiito Gen. Scott's return trace, I arrived without material accident at the rapids of the Ohio, on the 21st inst. after a march, by accurate compulation, of 451 miles from Fort Washington. The services which I have been able to render fall short of my wishes, my intention and expectation— but, Sir, r hen you reflect on the causes which checked my career, and blasted my designs, I flatter myself you will believe every thing has been done which could be done in my circumstances ; I have destroyed the chief town of the Ouiattanau nation, and made prisoners the sons and •isters of the king ; 1 have burnt a respectable Kickapoo village, and cut down at least 430 acres of corn, chiefly in the milk* The Ouiattanous left without horses, home. or provision, must cease to war, apd will find activa ' •mploy to subsist their squawrs and children during ibe impending winter* Should these services secure to the country which I immediately represented, and ihe corps which I had the honor to command, the favorable consideration of govern- ment, I shall infer the approbation of my own conduct, which, added to a consciousness of having done my duty, will constitute the richest reward I can enjoy. With the most perfect respect, I have the honor to be your Excellency'* obedient and most humble servant. iJAMES WILKINSON. Gov* Sr, Clair, A talk from Col, Wilkikson, to the Indian Nations living on the river Wabash. " THE arms of the United States arc again ex- trted against you, and again your towns are in flames, and your wives and children made captives— again you «re cautioned to liaten to the voice of reason, to sue for peace, and submit to the protection of the United States, who are willing to become your friends and fathers ; but, at the same time, are determined to punish you for every injury you may offer to their children. Regard not those evil counsellors, who, to secure to themselves the benefits of your trade, advjse you to measures which in- volve you, your women and children, in trouble and dis- tress. The United States wish to give you peace ; be- cause it is good in the eyes of the Great Spirit, that all his children should unite and live like brothers j but if you foolishly prefer war, their warriors are ready to meet you m battle, and will not be-the first to lay down t^e fsStchgt* You rauy find your scjuawi and your chilqitti '^'^'imimmiiiiikmiti^^llf'^ lender Uie protection of our great chief an4 Wtrrip^ jGeneral St. Clair, at Fort Washington ; to him you will make all applications, for an exchange of prisoner!, jor for peace. JAMES WILKINSON." PEFEAT OF GENERAL ST. CLAIR, By the INDIANS— 1791.. GeKv ST. CLAIR TO thk SECRETARY of WAR. " 5 i Jf, ^^Fort WaihiPgton, Nov» 9, 1791' <' YESTERDAY afternoon the remains of th^ army under my command got back to thia plac^, and I have now the painful task to give an account of as warm, and as unfortunate an action as almost any that has been fought, in which every corps was engaged and worsted, except the first regiment, that had been detached upon » service I had the honor to inform you of in my last des- patch, and had not joined me. On the 3d inst. the army had reached a creek about twelve yards wide running to the southward of west, which I believe to have been the river St; Mary, that ^' *p?^*®^ '"^0 **>« Miami of the lake, arrived at the village V - Jlout 4 o'clock in the afternoon, having marched near 9 ihiiles, and were immediately encamped upon a very com* manding piece of ground in two lines, having the above mentioned creek in fsont, the right wing composed of jSutler's, Clarke's, and Patterson's battalions, com- manded by Major General Butler, formed the first line, and the left wing consisting of Bxdin«rr's and Gat- f pun's b|tt»Uoa8, and twc second regiment commanded \>y Col. DaAKB, formed the second line, with an intcnral iMtween them of about seventy yards, which was all the ground would allow* The right flank was pretty well secured by the creek, a ateep bank, andFAULKENER's corps, some of the cavalry and their piquets covered the left flank t the militia were thrown over the creek and advanced about one quarter of a mile, and encamped in the same order ; there were a few Indians who appeared on the opposite side of the creek, but, fled with the utmost precipitation on the ad- vance of the militia ; at this place, which I judged to be about 15 miles from the Miami village, I had determined to throw up a fl'~Ht work, the plan of which was con- certed that 67 .' with Major Fbbousom, wherein to have deposited ^nc men's knapsacks, and every thing else that was net of absolute necessity, and to have moved on to attack the enemy as soon as the first regiment was come-up, but they did not permit me to cxecuf. eui-sr ; for on the 4th, about half an hour before sun-ric^ and when the men had been just dismissed from the parade, (for it was a constant practice for to have them all under arms a considerable lime before light) an attack was made upon the militia ; those gave way in a very little liihe, and rushed into camp, through Maj. Butl.r's bat- talion, which, together with part of CLAar.«'s they threw into considerable disorder, and which notwithstanding the exertions of both these officers, was never altogether remedied, the Indians followed close at their heels ; the are however of the front line checked them, but almost instantaneously a very heavy attack began upon that hoe, and iu a few minutes it was extended to the second like- wise; the great weight of it was directed agamst the centre of each, where the artillery was placed, and from l»|,jch the men were repeatedly driven wiihiffitt «augh. — 150— «« f.„,„ i„ .„ q„X 8™' ■""»■•« Of men wh„ tTc ^^-'>' '""Cr' "«""'^ '• "^ • '«ft flank of (he encmv Th ""' °'"' '" ""•» •»« sDirit. Tk. t ,• '■ •''"*" «Muled with .' =P'm. The Indians inwamly gave wav \1a * *" b«fc three or four h„„<,„j /^^"f "7' ""' "«« driven ^ «--.n. number of nfl.n.en'j'ptie h , .7'"' "^^ •°^- •oon relumed and the Iroons «Z \ "'''»'"•««. Ikey "•«i- 'urn. A. .hi. moZ. I TT^ '" «'« ""ck in "y ".e left fl«,k. hav"rp» ' e? K ."""*" ™' "™P «"P pos.ed .here. ^ '^ ""' "''"' "» «■•«*> Hat Another charge was made here h, ,u ««•«.,, „d it w.srepeatedsever.lr""'' "'"" «""•? .ucee..-b« in .H of I'm """ •"""' *'"• P«"ic»larl, the officer. »Lh-r" *"« "■«• "J 7 • «.« ."o^ethn^rm' .'h.:"\rr. r •"«'»• of made by the seconH .• . ^'*'*'*'<'- « that I just spoke cer of the second reirimL, r .. ^°"***^««» «nd c?ery offi- Capt. Ghk.xok! wf»r f: "'^"^ '''"* "' °'^'^^'' Our artillerv k ''"^°"«^'» *^« body. i' became «.ce,«rr» , ! ' nt T "" "" '""^ "« ««''• •nake . retreat if pos^t To .1 "^""'"^ "' '"d '» "-^ ".e army was f^™ a „ w"^, ','" ^T" "" "■»"" •dmit, toward, .he right !f A '='"=''"«"'«» would which, by the way of the. JL. «''«'«'Pn>en( ; from "•"d' upon the . 'emy^^a " X"h: d*""'"" """"^ *'" " " *•• ^P*"' ">« WiUti. took along u, ■iimiM felhowcd by the troops— Mai. Clamk \..m. i.- l covering ihe rear. ^"^ ''^ ^•"«»^«« The retreat in those circumstance ».« and Ihe artillery were .bandoned, bof Z "P ble, fop not a horse was left 2e „ h a """""'"'«<'«■ i< o,h.rwi.e been pract cab e ^m .h *'"' " "'^''"' par. of the b.^nel i.. .h« ■.Hc'^rea r.rp^t otrhr"' •hrew away their arm, and accoofremems 1/ r !" pursuit (Which continued about fooTjir.; ^e '^d I found the road .tr.w«l with them fo- mant ' f," notrpSdru r^rT'coX" °r "■" ~"'* ».p.lf. and the order, I, ?„ for" ' " . '" '""'"'" front, or prerent the m.Vf ' ""'"' '° ''»" ">« I'rcrent the men from paninir with n,.:. were uoaiiended to. Fining witn theip arms, »ine milet Sr, rTachV; a^, ^t" "- -"- The action began about half an Jou b f ' '"•""""«• •he retreat was aitemptedlllf al '!*"' T""' "«' clock. ^ "'" *" ""onr after nine o' 1 have not yet been able to «t r«u™. r . P««.y for privat'e Z^^lTZ^rj^r "" ^^'"- have noihino. Sif t« . '^ "*^ misfortune. I •heir want codicil? ';;'"?"'' "' "" '""P' ""' had been i„ ser.icL ^1 """ """= "■«'' .c,uired, and"';-:; eX::~ ;sr\''"r *- were thrown iuto conf...- '^ ®*'"^'' '^''«n they , — ^ .v», M»3 i«ica so lieavy I: I -.lit— ijpon the officers, who did every thing in their power i8 effect it.— Neither were my own exertions wanting, but worn down with illness, and suffering under a painful disease, unable either to mount or dismount a horse without assistance, they were not so great as they other- wise would, or perhaps Oiight to have been. We were overpowered by numbers ; but it is no more than justice to observe, that though composed of so ma- ny different species of troops, the utmost harmony pr*. vailed through the whole army during the campaign. At Fort Jefferson I found the first regiment, which had returned from the service they had been sent upon, without either overtaking the deserters, or meeting the convoy of provisions. I am not certain. Sir, whether I ought to consider the absence of this regiment from the i^eld of action as fortunate or otherwise. X incline to think it was fortunate ; for I very much doubt, whether, had it been in the action, the fortune of.the day had been tuined, and if it had not, the triumph of the enemy would have been more complete, and the country would have been destitute of every means of defence. Taking a view of the situation of our broken troops at Fort Jefferson, and that there was no provisions in the fort, I called on the field officers for their advice what would.be proper further to be done ; and it was their unanimous opinion, that the addition of the first rcgi- ment unbroken as it was, did not put the army on so re- spectable a footing as it was in the morning, because a great part of it w^s now unarmed : that it had been found cneq«al to the enemy, and should they come on, which was probable, would be found so again j that the troops could not be thrown into the fort, both because it WIS too small, and that there was no provision in it. That provision* were known to be upon the road ^ the distance of one or at most two marches ; that there- / ■ fore it would be proper to more wittiout Ion of time t« meet the provisioM, ivhen the men might hare the soon* br an opportanitx of some refreshment, end that a prop, er detachment might be sent back with it, to have it •afeljr deposited in the fort. This advice was accepted, and the armf waa put in motion again a' ten o'clock, and marched all night, and the succeeding day met wiih a (Quantity of flour, part of it was distributed immediately, part t^ken back to sup. ply the army on the march to Fort Hamilton, and tho remainder, about fifty horse loads sent forward to Fort Jefferson* I have said Sir, in the former part of my communic»- tion, that we were overpowered by numbers ; of that however, I have no other evid-^nce, but the weight of thd fire whrdh was always a most deadly one and generally delivered from the ground, lew of the enemy Shewing themselves on foot, except when they were charged and ^ihat in a few minutes our whole camp vyhich extended a- bove 350 yards in length, was entirely surrounded and alticked on all quarters. The loss. Sir, the public has sustained by the fall of w many officers, particularly General Butler, and Major FERGUsuN,cannotbetoomuch regretted ; but it i« H circumstance that will alleviate the misfortune in some measure, that all of them fell most gallantly doing their duty. I have the honor to be, Sir, your most obedient '";'^"*' AUTHUR ST. CLAIR." " Hon. Secretary of War,* tt f he defeat of Gen. St. Clair took place Mthin aiK mdesofthe Miami village. The loss on this occa*iaa •was about sis hundred killed and wounded (said to be -any equaS to Braddqcks defeat) with seven piecei of > 1 .** miiiUi. The I„di.„. g.;; on. «r.„rT? ^::^.:Trt.t^rjit^- f ;^f- """xUd ,n the citttgment :^ i„rf '^"/■~' '""J'"G«"",I, 1 Lieut. Colonel, 4 M.. jo«, llCapum., JO LieutenMtt, 9 En«.rn. i f ' gcon— Total sr. ' *^"Bni. « bur- BesWe the .boTe, there were .boat SJO prirate. klll.» «»d ii«pt his u«re. The I the lines, compottfd nd rushed '»y lo the ought into II into . the f men f obstinaie- Sf, Claim bic order, ' miles in e miles* . » Aiiled and . 4 Ma-. I 1 Sur- il^aptaint, • es kllleii ction ea- narroir B. The •n iht eneraKg d by « ny "With ickasavr but d>4 '. n ?,■:* I \ :■::• ^ ■ W .-4] • ♦ jy*^ 'V'^ ^...mSlji, — jlMi ..a.,a^,„, - *;^sw>.a*¥!»., yff» »^^,- .^asSRJfgW -■*a,.;««2-.' . .^Xi^f ''V. Mt 9rriv« in season— there was tut Aira fenow onlf o that nation in the aetioOf who killed, and scalped el^ew of the enemy with his own hands, and enc^af^ing wMl •he twelfth, be fell, greatly laifiented by the Am^ck cane.** ■•■•'■' i - , ^ •fajar^eneral Burt.tiK was wounded and carrieC #ttnvenieMf place to have his wounds dressed, %m itt 4ian having discovered the place to which he was, nyed, broke through the troops who attended him, toroal|0iXyii and scalped the former before he was Hdhf iidCrod^uJ-^l^lC!* Sec PLite,} Agreeable to the statetnent of the Indiana, they^JjRf- In 450 of the American troops, and took seven pie^ of catinon— 300 oxen and a great number of hursea,^e op prisoners— and that their losrwas only 6fty.lt* #ii?ri- ors killed— They suted that they were 4000 string, ind were commanded by one of the Missasago Itidt%fksi who had been in the British service n the late war flbat he planned and conducted the attack, which w % emM contrary to the opinion of a majority of the cKiefs— and^ that after the Americans began their retreat, he ttl^hl the Indians they had killed enough, and that it was propf er to give over the pursuity and return and enjoy %h» hooty they had taken— he waa six feet in hbighti^aholil 45 years of age, of a very sour and mat-oae coumeniidiEir, luid^parently very crafty and st; iile— his dress fi^al«; dial) hose and moccasons, a blue petticoat that cameliitf way down his thiglis, an European waistcoat and surttl^ ; his head was bound with an Indian cup that hung h^H Way down his back, and almost entirely fiiied with plaia silver bro^ hes t > the number of more than two hund* red i he had two ear-ruigs to each ear j the upper gar^ of each was formed of three silver medaJs aboul^^ »ize of a dollar } the Ipwer part was formed of (^ji^ri 9f dollars, and fell mora than 19 inches from i^M^h l.% ■:3r'»i?.\ I ■-«Sw ■ "••"•■••>» fr ^■J-'' ^ .^u'^f. *; r.^4:' % ■\^rv ''-' ' ' l,,'~»'. i'^^&?*^'Cf.V- ■'=f^5Hc;, ^^f¥^of GENMMAI. BTLJlBrt !<-. yoe from each ear over hi* breaftt«-.thc other o]rer Wi fcackf he had three very larje note jewels of tilVer th^t ^'ere curiously painted. The party of friendly Chickasawt; who Were on their way to join the American troops arrived at Fort leffer. ion two days after the bloody actioiu^They wet» cam- manded by PioMiMGo, or the . Moiimain Leader.— O^ their way they discovered that the troops liad been do- featea, bot saw but one of the enemy, who, mistaking PioMiMco's party for some of his own comradeS) made ttp to them 5 he perceived his mistake, bot too late to retreat ; he w^s accosted by Piomimgo, with " liascai ^m have 6cen hillipg white nun.** He endeavored to ex. culpate h'msclf, but Pioii ingo ordered two of his war. riors to expand bis arms, and a third, fD old man (fof aays PioiiiuGo, « none of my young men ihaU disgrace themselves so much as to kill a wretch like thee") t0 •hoot ban through the heart, which was accordingty e«. ecuted { they afterwards took off his scalp. During Sn Claim's bloody engagement, Adjma»t muc^ss received two wounds, the second of which proved mortali after the receipt of the Brst, hecontift. lied to fight with distinguifthed gallantry ; the second ti^foriunately stopped his progress;, faint with the loss pf blood, he fell ? a woman, who atiended-him and WM* particularly attached to him, raised him up, ancLwhiii? supporting him in her arms, received a ball in herbreast, f feich put an immediate end to ht: existence • ' V* > % INDIANS DEFEATED. A few weeks after the defeat of the tftoops under Gen* St. Claii, Gen. Scott despatched from the men under hw command two spies to reconhoitre the enemy, who, When they arrived at the distance of a few miles from' the fatal spot where the bloody action was fought, thev fliscovered a large party of IndUns diverting and enjoy- IDg themselves with the plunder they had tak6n, riding the bullocks, &c. and appeared to be mostly drunk-the inen returned and communicated the important inlorma, Uon to Gen. Scott, who immediately thereupon divic J il* J!'T* '"*° ^'"■'^ ^''*"<''^«» ^^^«"=«^ »nd f«^" on the my bjr furprisc^^ihe contest was .hon but victorous pn the part of the American troops | two hundred of the tnemy ivere killed on the spot, aU the cannon and store! m their possession retaken, and tfe remainder of the tavag«body put toflight.-Gen. Scdtt losing but si, ffr^lT''"*^ '° ?^~^ quarters in tri.mpJb. with most of the cattle, stores, &c* thf-nn^*"'^ ?'! '^' ^**"*'^'"«^ aiccting account Of ^^T^ ^ *''^"' ^*'''^^*^« bloody action between the American troops, under Qen. St.Claih, andtbpsavagi;., was fought ;^« The place had a verr ^^^w^!?'**'***^*■"""''^J^ •»«»<* space of 35a yari lay 500 skuU bones^aoo of which we.; buried by my aTdfl^'^'" !^''""'' from ihence for 8ve miles on, " and from the road, through the woods, wa. strewed with fkoleions, muskets, &c." ^ DEFEAT OF MlAJOH M'MAHON. ^»th (|0 riOemen. undep Ui* ^ 0mi^%* UAftTa* * — 158— »0BK, and 50 dragoons under the command of of Cap!* Taylor, for Fort Recovery, as an escort to 300 pack- horses loaded vnib flour for that garrison t on the monif ing following after they had deposited their loading, and were preparing to set out on their return, they were at- tacked by an army of 1200 Indians ; Capt. Hartshork, who had advanced with the riflemen about a quarter of « mile into the woods, immtdiately took post on a very strong commanding piece of ground near the garrison, and with unparallelled bravery maintained the unequal fight, till Maj. M'Mahon, who had put him«elf at the head of the cavalry, was killed, as was Capt. Tatlos, ami Cornet Terry, and many of the men wounded. The enemy now put their force against Capt. Hartshorn, and the moment when • they were pushing to cut off hii communication with the garrison, L'cut. Drake, and Ensign Dop, sjdlied out at the head of 30 brave fellows^ •who turned out voluntarily on the occasion, and joined him, after beating the enemy back at the point of the bayonet ; at this instant the brave Capt. Hartshorn re- ceived a shot which broke his thigh. Lieut. Crais was killed, and Lieut. Marks taken prisoner. Lieut. Dhakb now ordertd a retreat, and in endeavoring to hold the en- emy in check, so as to give the men time to save Capt. Hartshork, he received a shot in the groin. The ene- my now pressed so hard as to compel the men to leave their captain. • Great numbers of the Indians must have been killed as they came forward in solid columns, up to the muzzle of the guns.' Lieut. Michael, who was with Captain Hartshorn, but whom he had detached with a few active men to the flnnk of the enemy, was now missing ; and while their companions in the fort were deploring their fate and had given them up as lost, they saw him and Lieut. Majocs mshing through the thick, of the enemjr « opposHe dirw^-ons, «nd though number, nf American, was « 1 1™ /""= f°»"-">« los. of ,te P.«r co„,ma„d.d by Ca'p, i:tr' *° "«"'"'"'-"■« «alps „f .1,. e„.„y; "• ■^^*"""' btoueht in .e» CHAP. xr. •ko killed „.e .wo men „'d ' ' ''■ ' "'"' "' '"<«'■». Soon af.e, ,.e, Hbe J^dlTn J^r" f ''' ^"^'• fc'mwi.1. a.omaha«k, »l>}cl. .hey d«^ ^ *' ^"'"""e 'o !.« friend, and infora, .hem whaftdt*"" "' "">' «ompanions. ■ ' '"^ become of hit About (he 20th, a par-» of r„rf; •f . Mr. CH.»o:KT7,ima.ed 1 •"«*''"'•= "P")*. Waba.h. .he, U,M an "CL^o^r""";' "" ««i .oroabawked and .calped WaHill'"' '''«''"» fop dead-Mr. C. (who had M. !' **"" "">' '«« of "he .avage,) witHk! , *™ "roken by .he fir« .heir "c^.-AZTSr'^r "' "" '"""'y ■»«'« «b.mb.., and who ^rinX Zd" T """"«• '» "'^ «o...n by he, fa.he,. T.^Tt.ot:i 'rT? '''■ ""?«« until .he succeeding day • w^n ^ ''""'' ««">.'/ coming „ i.„„,„^:^^.t:":::!""'^ "i« / -..160— Ing down stairsi where she was inexpre«sibl7 shocked at the sight of a beloved parent stretched upon the floori almost lifeless, and beside of whom lay the mangled bodies of her dear brothers. Fortunately, her unhappy father returned the succeeding day to ihe house, and con* veyed the two surviring members of his family to the house of a friend, where they finally recovered. On the 24th, a party of Indians attacked the dwel- ling house of a Mr: ^oHtt MESstLt in Nelson county, (Kentucky.)— Mr* Merrill who was first alarmed by the barking of his dog, hastened to the door to discovet* the cause, on opening of which, he received the fire of the. Indians which broke his right leg and arm — the Indians now atiempted to enter the house, but was prevented by the doors being immediately closed and secured by Mrs* Mereil and her daugblcr— the Indians succeeded in hewing away a part of the door, through which passage one of them attempted to enter, but the heroic mother, in the midst of her screaming children and groaning hus- band, seized an axe and gave the ruffian a fatal blow ; af- ter which she hauled him thrpugh the passage into tho house !— the others (uncopscqus of the fate of their com- ^nion) supposing that they had now nearly succeeded in their object, rushed forward, four of whom Mis. Merril in like manner despatched before the others discovered their mistake.— 'The remaining Indians, aftef reliriog for A few moments, returned and renewed their efforts to enter the house—despairing of succeeding i the door they got on the top of the house and attempted! to descend the chimney, to prevent which Mr. Merril directed his lit- tle son to empty upon the fire the contents of a feather* bed, which had the desired effect, as the smoke and heat caused thereby, soon brought down rather unexpectedly iwo of the enemy :— Mr. Mesril exerting every faculty « this critical moment, seized a billet ol wood with a ».■.'.., ' . . , Hrhich j^e loon despatched the two half amothcred IndiaMi VhUp in the mean tiqae his heroic wife was busily engag- ed \^ defending thf door against the efforts of the only remaining one, whom she so severely wouqded with ao axe that he was soon glad to retire. A prisoner who escaped from the enemy soon after the transaction) informed that tlie wounded ravage above pientioned was the only one that escaped of the party, which consistcdof eight— that on his return being asked by the prisoner " what news," he answered « bad news for poor Indian, me lose' a son, me lose a brother— the squaws haye taken the breach clout and fight worse than the **ZiOflg Knivcf /" Copy of a letter from a gentleman residing at the west- ward to a friend in New York, dated, Marietta^ Februarf 1, 1792. « Our prospects are much changed.— Instead of peacd and friendship with our Indian neighbors, a horrid savage war stares us in the fade ; the Indians, instead of being humbled by the destruction of the Shawanese towns, anti brought to beg for peace, appear determined on a gener- al war, in which our settlements are already involved.— en the evening of the second instant, they fell on a set- tlement about forty miles up the Mubkingdom, surprised ft block-house, killed fourteen persons, and carried off three others. The persons killed are, John and Philip Stacy, sons to Col. William Stacy, from New-Salem, Ea- ra Putnam, son to Major Eera Putnam, from Middle- town, in Massachusetts, John Camp, from the same place, Jonathan Farewell, and James Cash, and William Patton, from New- Hampshire, Zebulon Troop, from Baare, William James, from Connecticut, Joseph Clark from Rhode-Island, a man by the namtt of Meeks? with lis wife and children, from Virginia. These wetft aK ^lUed in and at the block-houM;. Francis and Isaa6 Choat, from Lancaster, and one Sh iiw, who kept at a hut •bout 50 rods from the block house, was not found by live party that went out, and it is hoped that they are priaoa- €rs.^What nunrsbcr of Indians were concerned in this wischief, or from what tribe, we know not, but mm those Indians who till lately used to visit our settlement cver^r day, withdrawing themselves entirely from our sight, ever «nce the crpt-dition against the Shawanesc, there is littia reason tt. doubt but iNo i>elawar«s and the Wiandoies, as ^ell as others, have hid a h^.^A m ibb nefarious business. It IS impossible for mii u, gife a just idea of the distress into which thi% t^^.m baa ,hrown the inhabitants, especiaS^y those of ^^.c imi settlements. For my own part I have for some time been of opinion, that the spring would open with a general attack on the frontiers, in which event I did net esjpect we should escape, unless govern- mm should timely send troops for our protection, which we was m hopes would be the case. But it seems the •nemy *.« determined to take advantage of our defence- less situat on. I consider this event as the forerunner of other attatkaofa more serious nature, and which may involve us in complete ruin, unless prevented by govern- xment immediately taking measures for our protection.^ To their prolectk>?i I conceive we always had an indispu. table claim, which claim, if possible, is increased by the circumstances that have brought us under the resent- ment of the Indians^ and at least, in some measure pit)- duced »he mischiefi^ thas we are fallen into." Copy of a letter from a gentleman in Kentucky to his friend in Philadelphia, dated March 3, 1793. f M to the Indiansi they naye bleeQ nroublcsomc m.^ w[n««r. Since October last, 60 perioni hate been nii.4 r™ ;; » r 'r ''" *""«' ' "'"' • "«!:;? '' ro,=u o» the Ohio , among whom i, our oM „«,,!„. t«,c •, Mr. J„,K Mat, I.,e of Botetoate. whoseV'kdc maniiy. fh. »e,tr a thus related by a capti.e th.t h.> ..ey m.d. hi.e«.pe from the rtdUn., „ho„„™ t ^\ "" """'"'"8 i'»'™ment in the trogedy. .bou;'.h?,o;s" r p ■r""'^ •"• *""" '^""'■-» •"■> oh.". shore of the latter, near the month of Scio-a, a white •MO, .ho. with a plaintiTe voice, wa. calling, for God'. «^e. «o come and take a poor prisoner on boaid, that »a« Mdearounng to escape from the sawges. This had the r~ *" f:^!' *"• "" ""'"«' "■' ■»"'•-«'-' 'he «.e UD*?™* .r ""^r?" """"" "■«" "" I-"ia„. ilr^ ,?"' I'"*" °^ "" "'"'"e^" »» board Who ~nf *. .r*"'" *"'' """"'" ■■•" 800d quafters, .„r" rendered without resistance. The Indians, however, o„ Two^' 'he boat, massacred all, without distinc ion" Two day. after, the «,me party attempted to decoy three large boat. ..ho„ ,h« were coming down from For. PUt! ahee«d off ?h''" *"°"'"' '" '™" •-' <»" P««f^^ ofth^frh , '^".V"*™''' '«'"e prepared, manned one of the r boat, w.th about JO warrior,, and gare ch.,e. The crew, of two of the boats, fearing they might I^ where they threw oTerboard all the horses, and some »rV. "■ '■'• *"'^"' "•"»«'«« in the par. ».., keeping on a steady cour« for about 20 mil.,, Sot- withstandrng 3« well armed white men were on board t •he American bos., wUh one of our C„l„».i. „f »,a.*.. ^ ^huh for wmt of a little reiolution and ikill, a tkto^i* able ol>portunity was loitf to destroy a number of tha TiI6 tnernlei to the human race. The Indianib, on thbir r6« turni took possession of the two boats that were abandon- ed, and found in them 17 horses, JOOO dollars worth of jhoerchandizfi and consyierable profieHy, belonging to th^ emigrants. Fort M'Intosh, on the Ohio, tras a short time sinct attacked by a party af Indians— they Secreted themselves near the fort and succeeded in killing the centiuel on dit- ty, they then rushed into the fort and discharged their pieces on those within, but one man was wounded, who^ in endeavouring to escape, was tomahawked by an In- dian. One ball just grazed the temple of Capt. Forbbs) who commanded the guard, and four others struck th6 log above his head, the splinters and bits of which cut his face, and left it as if scarified. The garrison consist- ed of twenty men and there were about forty of th% enemy. Thus, air, we find that Indian tirbaties do hot secttt our country from the depredations of the isavages ; out laat hope now is that the President of the United Statel will) ere long, adopt such measures as Will prove th^ efficiency of the Federal Government, to protect the citi- zens of the United States, however reraotiely situated from the seat of government." Copy of a letter from a gentleman in South-Cairoirha to k ^ friend in New -York dated i* Charlegtotii jiu^ust 6, 17^9^. « An express arrived from Gen. Pickens and Colonel AHbERsoN, which brings advices to the Governor, stating, liiat a general Indian War on the western frontiers of the f buthern states seems inevitable ; that by intelligence from A$Sm. pke ^ountfy of the Creek*, All the tribei etcept the Cii- Mtiiws are determined for inAr } urged by Galphin, the tueteisor of M^GiLLivHAt ; and that they hate already commenced hostilities within the Carolina line^ a party of them having killed and scalped a man on Tugaloo. We heir his excellency has ordered one thiird of the inilitia iA thi upper districts to be draf^d, tind held in retdine^s for immediate service, should the sarages make further depredations on the frontiers. « Yesterday evening a gentlttnah arrived here from AttgustA, in Georgia, who informed us, that six of the ^l>reek towns, with a number bf Cherokees, had declared War against the United States, and Wetc actually march- ing under the cdintttahd 6f fio^riBs and Gau^hir t6 at- tack the frontieVs* " Oh the 92d iilt. tht indiatis, Sf in aumbei'i eame to iht hotise or k Mf. RietiAtiD TiiREsfifeit^ in Augusta, lAid fiiM upon dhd killed Mr. TsRESfiSR) ttiro children *iid It he^o irbtMini Mrb. T'HR«sHtH, lo aveid if possi- ble the f«* i^ith Which she was threatened, fled with an fhfcnt df abetit five or six weeks eld in her arms, and reaped ifeto the Hveir ; the Ittdiiins pursued) shot her HhroUgh iikfch tHgh jtod right brcasti itabhed her in the left bi!Wist with i khife* tut her left kfm nearly off, ftnd "then BcWi)ed heh In this horrid Situation febe remawied tmtil the neighbor^ could as8««4ble in SuflBclehl nutiibera td cross the riter and puirstie the Indiiins. Ai the first cahcjfe wli4 crossing she had 8ti»t«ifeth endugh to call for litSistdhcfe, thfcy tlrtwt, found her hanging by a iJush fn water nfeaiiy up to liei- chin, her infcnt iit the hWteto of the tivfer, k few yiif ds froA her* She lived 24 hottfs, and Whet» informed by her physiciSn tk*t it Wa« impossible To!- her toBufviVe much longer, she whh h fortitude that is ffirely to be ^et With, calkd her friends around her, and in a calth but pathetic manner, gaye her hand to each one, wishing them a better f.tc than had befallen h«r..i# -df.mil, , .„d When after her .r^^r^ r^:!Z':^;^ l»er hand until about 6ve mh.uies btioi c sh.. ^ZnLu breath, which was without a s«i„. ^^^'^nedher « Mrs. TiiaisHKK was bb«ut twenty.five v«'r fire. T™ rf,'" ("'."' *"" ""''""P. •»'i Wore . ; ' ' "' *"""'"' '"■!. .nd blanket,. K.»tok had c«ic u .n killed. It i, .uppoted t^^ j^j. .nd earned off, from «,me discorerie. hat Ze^ f next morning," " ^^"^ nwde Charge of . ,„,. „„„,„ "Vp-X^'^^: ^.rj;* tboagh under o.'o?for. src.r"' """'''"'■•• •'• "hich. .nd , « oup„' '? r ^'•"•-no'wilh.t.ndine dian, drove .h min.o .?.,''' '"P"'''''''' "■«'»- lucm inio ibe fort, and carrirri ,./r n -^ proTi. ,0D, and hor«s (boih Dack .nH "'""' "«^ »" "" twenty killed and four w„u„5.d •"^/="'"yJ"«« about •ny i but .00 i«te . .' ' " ^ ""'° '"■" "•« «»«• fcad made. The o.,.« nd H ' "'""' "" '»*«"• p.. we., ^-rUc«.aTo'o„,;cuou"lt'' "' ''■"•''"• "«7 rough, „™o.t "nder~™;'^H' «:"'-• " Jo..*., .ne captain and ,e„ priy.,, i,!/""- °" wounded, beaidc. hone. .n.i * '"'' «""« .«» thoMand do;,.rc;:;r "™"'"' " ^'■• dead . .. .„ di...n„ f,„™ .h. fielu of .c " 7,1 """' dian. had writer,. ™ong them »h« T y^""^" nr .ndeulog, „ig., 'b L*'"' ^r "'""""' rather than «.„. " ■ "'"** ^"rican cfcara, r •ainer man depreciate it as the Eu.« j _ ' »-"•>»«•» latelym.de thl 7"' "•* %-f Ight lattlf exhibited (o anjyse the nuneroui Indiana ai^ aembled there, and to divert their iquanrs and children* It was in ridicule of General St. Clair's disposition of his troops on the 4th Novemb^ last, and of his flight before the Indians, who pursued him and his arnif whilst the ether plundered his camp } thejr have given out that they mean to celebrate this event annually, by a like sham fight and ? great dance to be called General St. Clau's fight aim dance. It is to be hoped we yet shall have an opportunity (o retaliate, and to teach our enemy to amuse themselves at our expense in a less lu- dicrous manner* It seems Gen. St. Clair's field of ac- tion was on a branch of the Wabash, twenty-four leagues from the Miami towns, which are now inhabited by the hostile Indians. «» A letter from a correspondent, on whose veracity we can rely, in the territory of the United States south of the river Ohio, dated the 17Ui ult. states that eve^'y thing wears a gloomy aspect on the western froniers ; that about the last of Decemberi the Cherokees sent in peace talkers to Governor Blount, which were only intended to facilitate the convmission of further depreda- tions by them, when the guards from our out- posts were withdrawn ; that from the 16th to the S6th of January, th« Indians killed and wounded 19 persons in Cumber- land, among whom was Ewin SaKLBT, brother to the Governor of Kentucky ; that four of the Chickamogga towns and the upper Creeks have declared war ; that the Creeks had killed a family in the county of George ; that the barbarity exercised by them in this ma&sacre, was •nough to nwke human nature shudder at the bare re«- tal."^Thcy butobered them like so many dogs, caught their blood and boweh, exposed them to view, and then faie the whole to a tame bear to devour *, that the Chero- ksn had kiUed two Creeks, wounded several, and \t» iwo priioners ; that the Creeks threaten to retaliate, an^ cut tl m all off; that the inhnbitants qf the territory are "Waiting with impatience for the general government to afford them succour and protection, that treaties with the aavages Mrill avail nothing, as, what promises they make to-day, they will not hesitate to break to>morrow." *»»— Copy of a letter from Mr. John Corblt^ (a Baptist, mM nister) to his friend in Philadelphia, dated " Mix rods from the fatal scene of action-observing the Indians retiring ■"= Win o^To h"^''"' "^ "" <='""P»i<'"sto return and take pridTd'Cc yTr ikrHr^'"^ "^ '""■-' •k-. T _!• ' ^'^» '" -"e very soot whfi-,* the Indians were ih.„ a«se.ablecl, who with ^1 V hawks instantly despatched him .«ft 7 . ^°"'*' ed th*^ f«, ■ *^ ^^"^" "'"' J aft-sr which they follow^ ca me two survivors in nn ,^l,l »"»•«*¥ down the lak. TJu- ^ ^'^^^^^ ^^° °'* '^^""^e miles aown the lake, but being unable to overhaul them the discontinued the pursuit. ' ' G^y of a letter from u gentleman in Marietta to his friend in Washington, dated « AK«.,» • 1.. "Marietta, March 4, ]793. .f lo^z" t n::? r '^^^'^^^^ ^^ ^^^ -- Pn the west rn ba k Sh :c /r.'^'* ""^ '^^^^'"^ from lVh.«,;«. t,.^^: ^^ou Ce.k, about twelve miles '" ""*' *'"'Wii^st sicucs in the water.— At a dis. .^■■ ./ ^ce thtf discoTered two men, who Appeared to be letr tiers, being dressed with coats and hats.— These men to| limuse and deceive the children (as they even shewed)! engaged in the same sport, advancing towards the boys^ till by degrees they got so near that the children discovj ered them to be Indians ; but it was then too late to maM their escape. The Indians seized and carried them si) miles into the woods, where they made a fire, and lOf^c up their lodgings for the night ; their rifles and toma- hawks they rested against a tree, and then laid do\Tn) each Indian with a boy on his arm. The children as nay be supposed kept awake— the oldest begun to movei and finding his Indian sound asleep, by degrees disen- gaged himself, and went to the fire, which had then got low and stirred it up ; the Indian not waking, he whisper- ed to his brother, who likewise crept away, and both of them went to the fire. The oldest boy then observed to his brother, " I think we can kill these Indians, and get away from them"— the youngest agreed in the proposal of aittmpiing it. The oldest then took one of the rifles, liod placed the muzzle, which he rested on a small stick that he found for the purpose, close to the head of one of the Indians, and committing the execution of this part of the business to his brother, ordered him to pull the trigger at the moment he saw him strike the other In- dian with one of the tomahawks. The oldest gave the signal ; the youngest pulled trigger— the rifle shot away the lower part of the Indian's face and left him senseless ; he then told his brother to lay on, for he had done for ]i!s ; after which he snatched up the gun and ran ; the boy with the tomahawk gave the stroke with he v/rong end, the Indian started on his seat— the boy found the mistake, and turning the tomahawk in his hand, gav« him another blow which brought him to the ground ; he reptnted lii» strokes until he had despatched hii9) and nikm^. Jr'-^jT then liiftde the best of his way After his brother* When Ihe boys had found the path which they recollected to haye travelled before, the oldest fixed his hat on a bush, as a directory to find the scene of action the neit day. The tomahawked Indian was found near the place where the boys had left him. The other was not there j but was tracked by his blood, and although so weakened by his wounds, that he could not raise his rifle to fire at bis pur- •uers (the whites) they suffered him to escape ; but it is supposed he must have died of his wounds. These two Indians were sent out to reconnoitre the best place for an attack, which was to have been made by a body of war* riors, waiting in the neighborhood." Copy of a letter from Colonel Robhrtsoit to General Wasbinctow, dated Najthamef Feb. 1, 1793. « Sir— By accounts received from the Chickasaw na- tion of Indians, we are informed that at a grand council of ihcir warriors, it was unanimously determined to com- mence active operations agaiust the whites j the Chero- kees they expect will join them. The white inhabitants in this quarter arc drawing together, and are doing every thing possible for their defence^ but I fear without some timely ahsistance we shall all fall a sacrifice to the wan- ton barbarity of our savage foes, who we expect are now rm their way to this place to the number of one thou- sand; Major Hall and his eldest son fell a sr orifice to iheir fury two days ago, near Bedloe'a Lick. They have killed about twenty-four persons in the course of a few months in this settlement, besides a great number more near it. From Burke county we learn that on ti.e I lib instaat, cd at William's Swamp, on the Ogcchee river, by aoae^ ly Ind,ans~the little gir, (to deter them f om the,> xrue des.g„) held out a bottle of honey, telling Im iTf T* !f '''^ '^"" '" ''^^^ "^'^^^ »*«»« 'o spare her fe^hey told her they did not want r«m. b„t her hat' they knocked her down and scalped her, but we are hap, Py to learn she is in a fair way of recovery In^'n' I'^'^'i'""" ^^"^"^l^y' I «m informed that the Indanshave done more mischief in that state the pre- «en year, than for at least four year. past. Scarce a boat can pass below Limestone but what is attacked by them ; six or seven have been captured, some with very valuable lading-by a prisoner who escaped from them a short time since, we are informed that the Indians have procured a boat, or rather a kind of floating battery, v-jth the sides built high and rendered bullet proof; this boat IS stationed near the mouth of the Great Miami. The J a few days since captured a boat in which were a Cant. AsHLKr and bis family-.a son of the captain havinl been very spirited in the opposition, the savages imme- diateb^ put him to death, cut out hts heart and broiled it which they afterwards devoured in the presence of the unhappy father, who has since n. -de his escape from .et!"rf\^'°'''^'"^ '° ''''''''°"' " '^'''' ^ have never Iieard of being practiced by the savages before." Copy of a letter from General Clarke, to his Excellea- cy the Governor of the Slate of Georgia, dated „ p _ . ^ " ^^"i ^^''^^j Sept. 24, 1 793. oiR— I had certain information that a man was killed on the 14th near Greensborough, by a party of six or seven Inojans ; and that on the 16th Col. Barber, with a small party was waylaid by SO or 60 Indians, by whom —17S-J •hreeof hig psrijr were killed. Thi., together with a «r.ety of other accounts equally alirmiog^ determbed m. tP mse what men I could in ,h. courfe oH ™ and march with them ,„ protect the frontier,. i„ whi h p.ce of .,me 1 collected .62 men. chiefly 'v„ „„ree ° and proceeded to the place „here Col. B,»;.„ haS atacked „here I found the bodies of the three m" mentioned above mangled in a shocking manner, and Thet R . ,\' ■" '°""' '"'"'f'"' Oakmulgee, where, find.ng I had no chance of overtaking them, I ment, Tl"^ ''" '""""^ °<" f'°"'i" ""la- ments , 1 immediately turned and followed thi, trail un. td the mornmg of the 21st, between 11 and 12 otlock .hen I came up „i,h ,bem. They had j.s. crossed a' ?ort en ■""I""" """'"B on an eminence. My' force t.,en consisted of 13o men, 30 having been sent b ck on account of their horses being tired fnd los, I Xco>""p """ " "■■■""'"»-'>" ">' Hght command, did ,„ !^"' ""' '"'J'"' *='•"""- "ho «ere or. tZtl '"Tf '"^ '^'""■8« •"« '"dians, wl,i„h the, dlr hemlro "i""' '"" '-■""■' "■" '-'HmmediS bZ. 7 T ^'" '"""-P™"' b^ck into the cane brake, where, finding i, i;„p„„ib,e fo, „„„ ,„ "' they obstma.ely returned our fire until half pas. four o c ock. when ,hey ceased, except now and then a shou Ou'ing the latter part of ih. action they sei«d e.e. ry oppor.un„y of escapin- ., ,.,^1. parties' leavl% r«. to sh,lt for tbemsehe.. Abouc sunset I tl«S,.it warn :■ Z"-' '" '"" "''• " ''" """ "'' ^"<^^ <»" want 0, p,ov,„ons nearly ™o days, and for want of wi tcrdnrmg tne action, but more particularly to take caS ~^'"~' "'"V** »»««Mnisa iv eleven, and six mf ^ *-4f«- iei, from titry cfrcumsitance I am certain there weri not less than 35 Indians killed, and probahljr double that number grounded. — In short thejr were totally defeated^ with the loss of their provisions} cloathing, 8(c. constat- ing of the following articles : 4 muskets, 32 brass ket- tles, and 100 large packs, containing blankets, match- coats, boots, moccasons, tomahawks, pipes, upwards of 100 halters and bridles. Sec. from all which I judge their number was fully equal to ours. Col. Freeman and Major Clarke distinguished themselves, and from the spirit and bravery with which the whole of my little par- ty acted during the action, I do not believe that had we met them in the open woods, we should have been moro than five nvinutes in destroying them all. « While I was on this excursion two skirmishes hap- pened near Greensuorough, in one of which one man was wounded, and in the other six stand of arms were lost, being guarded Ly only two men, while the rest of the party were gathering fodder. " I am. Sir, with the utmost respest, your Excellency's raost obedient, and very humble servant. « B. CLARKE, Brig, Gen, « His Ex, George Mat w*, Governor of Georgia,** .MM4 Copy of a letter from an officer in the service of the Uni- ted States to his friend in New-York, dated «' Buffalae Creek^ Sept. 27, 179S. « I left Fort Franklin ihe 3d instant, and arrived here the 11th in the evening, at the house of Mr. Winnet, who informs me that upwards of four thousand hostile In- dians were now assembled at the Miami villages, and that their number was daily increasing— Captain Powrl and leveral other gentlemen of the British army dined wi;'; /«BVCtu«i/| «iuu trvui iMwu wviat .: 1 m^A^t liJP %aM«««ftWM *•*•••• !-.»-«■»*.. cohfinced that tht Indiatis are 8li|p))6i't3d by the fiVitish lA the wiraj,\Intt u«— indeed, Captaih PowEt toM m6, tliat All the ibttottons of the Indians was VIrell known lo thcl^, and the Indians were iheir allies, and of course thby must iupport them— he also informed rtie that ten scouts ot hostile Indians were then out to strike on the frontiers, and that they would soon strike the Six Nations. Some ©f the chiefs of the hostile Indians pasted here about five days ago on their way to Catiada, but what their businesi is I cannot learn.'* CHAP. XII, DEFEAT OF THE INDIANS BY GEN. WATN^i AVGUST 20th, 1794. €Kh% WAYNE To rsM . Cv RETARY or WAti, " IT is with infinite pleasure that I sinaounrs t^ you the brilliant success of the Federal a. -my ^indei m^ command, in a general action with thecomI;;j<-a force of the hostile Indians, and a considerable number of the vol- unteers, and militia of Detroit on the 30th August, on the banks of the Miamis, in the vicinity of the British post and garrison at the foot of the Rapids. The army advanced from Fort Washington on the ISih^ and arrived at Roach De Bout on the 18ih, and the I9ih, we were employed in making a temporary post for the Reception of our stores and baggage, and in reconnoitre, ihg the position of the enemy who were encamped bebiad a thick bushy wood and the British fort. At 8 o'clock on the morning of the SOth, the am^ •gain advanced in columns agreeable to the Btandino. or. I ' """^ M —178— der of the march, the legion on the right, its right Bank covered by the Miamis-one brigade of mounted volun-^ teers on the left under Brgadier-General Todd, and the other in the rear under Brigadier General Barbrh. A •elect battalion, of mounted volunteers moved in front o^ the legation, commanded by Major Price, who was dii ' rected to keep eufficiently advanced, and to give timelf ' notice for the troops to form in case of action, it being yet undetermined whether the Indians would decide fdr peace or war. After advancing about five miles, Major Pa iOE's corps received so severe a fire from theijnemy, who were se- creted in the woods and high grass, as to compel them to retreat. The legion was immediately formed in two lines, prin- cipally in a close thick wood which extended for miles on our left and for a very considerable distance in front, the ground being covered with old fallen timber, probably occasioned by a tornado, which rendered it impracticable for the cavalry to act with effect, and afforded the enemy the most fiivourable covert for their mode cf warfare ; the ^^ Savages were formed in three lines within supporting distance of each oiher, and extending for near two milet at right angles with the river. I soon discovered from the weight of the fire and extent of their lines, that the * enemy were in full force in front, in possession of theif favorite ground, and endeavouring to turn our left flank ; I therefore gave orders for the second line to advance to •uppoft the first, and directed Major General Scott to gaii. and turn the right flank of the Savages, with the whole of the mounted volunteers by a circuitous route ; at the same time I ordered the front line to advance and charge with trailed arms, and rouse the Indians from their coverts at the point of the bayonet, and when up to l^tliTcr H close and well directed fire on their backs, fob POMible «er.ia» wa, used by I offilr rT """ From every .ocount the enemy amounled ,o .wo ,ho,,. » the armr, from .he Generals down .o the Enato. merit my approbation. •^■'•igiiii Licuienant Covington, uDon v,hn,^ .t. w...c.e.-:n:r.btrm;.:::;^^^^^^^^ 1 he wound, received by Capuina S.ouo., P,.o. ""■"I «iiu A.ieuieiinntj Bp. KiNHT and 'ijiiT«, hear honourable Itiiimonf of iht\t hnvevy and conduct ; in fact tvery officer and addier frho had 1^ ppportunliy to come into action diiplajred |hat t-qe bravdry which will always insure succesa; and j^ere permit me to declare that I have never dticovered ^nore true ipirit and anxiety for action than appeared to pervade the whole of the mounted volunteerat and I am |reU per&uaded, that had the enemy maintained their favofit^ ground for ope bi»lf liour longer tbey would have inoat sevv^cly felt the proweas of that corps. 9ut whilst I pay this just tribute to the living I must Hqt Df^lect the gallant dead, antong whom we have to lament the early death of those worthy and brave officers, Capt. Camb»elj. and Lieut, Towles, who fell m thf ficst chaFge* The loss of the enemy was more t^an double to that of the federal army — i^' ' woods wee strewed f i* a con* aiderable distance wil ; vi bodies of Indians and Iheif white auxiliaries, ?A k^i^r armed with British muskets and bayoneiK* Wf ieif^ ined three daya and nigfhts on the banHs of the Mi^tmiSt in front of the field of battle, during which time all the houses and cornfields were consumed and destroyed for a conaidert^le distance abovei and below the garrison, among which were the houses* ^orea and property of CoU M*Kee, the British Indian agent and principal stimulator of the war now existir.|; iMtween the United States and the savages. The army returaed to head quartern on the S7th, by easy marches, laying waste the villages and cornfields for about fifty milef on each side of the Misnciis. It ia not improbable but that tlw enemy may make one deaperate effort agains) the army, as it is said a reinforeemcnt was )iourly expected at Fot . Miamis from Niagara, as well Its nuancrous tribes of Indians living on the margins and i^sland$ of the l^l^es. This is an event raiberto be wish* '^ •d for tbtn dm^i- ^W$\ the army rpm^inp ifi fet«i, Uiajr r mbert vill oolf tjBDfl to cDpfuse the Uvtget, l^nd tilt ?icu>ry teill pr' \\^p « or co^npletf «Dd decisirc, and W'tichipaj eye&tualljF ipsMrp a permimcnt and i.appf ,)cace. . ■• f. TJ»« folic Hg )« ^ rctiirn of the ki)Ifd ^n. worn id and Hjliwinr of ap fi^dfr^I fipniy, in the hie potion ♦ »i •— KiM.s:p«^l Cf^gM^n, I ^cu^enant, 3 U », ^f ^ntfs— Total 33^ WouMni?i?^4 Captaini, 3 I^ieuteiiiints, I sign, 4 Sergeants, 3 CorpofaU, ? ^luMojap)^, 84 priva.w*wTotal op. I baVf? the h' ot to be, your i^ipit pb^djent |Ad very |itim)))fl af rvant ANTHONY WAYNE/' «» 7p ^e Secr^tcfrf of War:* T<»e fpjlpvifig oirqumit»ncefj| whiph I^Pk place pre- Yif u« ^o »nd «?^ring Gcp, \^^^^^\ eagagcinent, are Wfrlfiy of record. M ^*>e IP^aql <>p;» CAiff^n;,^ nrap attempting to \mk thf |ef^ fl#fi)^of the cne^y, three of them plunged into ibp riVfFTrrtV^ friendly ncgroea being on the opposite lide, %n4 pb^erviitg ^he Indians making for the ibore, (hey pifced t^emsplveson the baisk M^ind a log, and aa soon as the Indians approached withir shot, one of the negroes fired ^i|d killed one of the In .4ns j the other two got bold of him tn drag l)im ojif, vrhcn (he other negro ijred ;^nd kiile 1 anptljcr; the remaining Indian got hold qf both tho^e de^d to pull thenn ashor^^i when the negro vh.0 killed ibe ^rst having 9gain reloaded fired and kiUcd the third, v^^ they all floated dQWQ the river. Anothcff circumstance is also relatedi via. A soldier, soon ftftpf the conclusion of the f«t|on> proceediog wumi distance froni the camp, met 4p Indian j they attacked IMAGE EVALUATION TEST TARGET (MT-3) {./ ''/. ■..J- V K 2l 1.0 1.1 US I 2.5 1^ ^^ 2.2 2.0 L8 1.25 III 1.4 III 1.6 "^ 6" ► <9 k. y] /A r ^ J' 'J; ^ M Hiotographic Sciences Corporation 23 WEST MAIN STREET WEBSTER, N.Y. 14580 (716) 872-4503 « '^ „v ^' % ^\^ d w •achoflier, tlife ioiaier with hit bayonisV tttrf mi tudhn vilh his tomahawk } some of the soldiers passing by that ^«y two days after, found them both' dead, the soldier mMi bis bayonet in thctody of the TncSani ind the Ini. dian with his tomahawk in the soldier's head. - ] The following circnrastance took ^lacc previous tb the ■ •ction :-A Mr; Wktis, who, when very young, was ta- k*n prisoner bjrthe Indians, and had resided severral yean among them, had made his escape and w«s employed by Gen. WAtmk as a spy^The day before the action he was taker? by the Indians, who determined to put him to death. Finding it impossible to escape, he informed U»efn that Gen. WiviTB had not 500 riien \iMtt his command and did not expect an attack. Oh heaHn^ this, the Indians attackcfd Gen. Watn« with aconfidence mspired by their (supposed) superiority of nuitoberi, and were repulsed as before metitioned. After the action, Msj. Cajipbell, (ift whose custody the Indians had left Weils), enquired his inotives for deceiving- them the answered, "/or the good of mj countrj^'^Fot this he^ roic action, he was unfecfirigiy delivered to the Indians, In whose hands it is suppostid he «itperieaced every torture that savage barbarUy could invent or inaict.-.The csrcumsiances respecting Mr. WEtLS, were related by a British drummer who dciened from the fort to General Wayne. ^ < A council df Indians was held a few days after their defeat by Gen. Watnk, in which British Agents en. ^cavored to persuade them to risk another action, but this^they refused to do, expressing a wiUirighesa to bury the bloody hatchet and return to their homes-their loss they Qcclared td be 200, and that their whole force at the commencement of the action amounted to 1500 Indiana •ndwxcanadian.. The body of the Collector of Niagara #as found ataong the slain. a I i 'i^t. CO JH C l U S I X. iaw recorded but a .m.ll ^rnber of ,he ' k . ber .offidenHir i,r*- », „ " *"• ''<" " »»">• »..<> repeated,, .oHci.ed t ."a 'J";^ ""f"'""'' P'-p,, tatler cofwent to trite .m .. r ^"«™"«'«. did the defe„ce,e., b«I« ,Z C'.,^;'": T""*"' '""■"' .q«i..b.e,wa.r:jeS 2.r;i,bT;" T' *"* hr d,e,e„d *« recoar« ,S.T /'""■'■""""• •» me.,«re» to pot T^J,T "^ "' """« «'«'"»• »nna,„ra, enem'" Hete It""""'""' '"*" "^ " «" b, the Americans '. "mmencen^nfof ho«iIi. Gene,.,, H.,.,; S. WtXl'^sir '''''"' "' •nd sued for peace .nJ. -Jf '^ ''"""' ""^ •«««*«* i»r««) .oon"^!;;;' • j'"'y.(»"»f«'Ty .0 b«h bave ever .ince .„7 . / "'"'" "^ """'=''. «ber Ti, 7„ """'""'"''f'"ly"'"ihere. 'beirSghUng iTT '" '""' "'"• "« "-""«■• of Treatr ^- ' "^"^'^ '" ""= ""'« "••"'ion.d Ch^wtV^O-Chrit"'''' "•""-N-". '^O, •nu.. . wander .^^trao'o!:*'^'^-^''''''"' '^°-«- ■:'*ii*f awtftfit 300— Shawanete* 300— Miamies 20i^ijppet Craekik Middle Qretkt and Umet Creeka» 4000— Cowi- ta«; 700— Alib«Biaa| 600— Akiii«aws«300— Antauk^ lOOiflf — Padomasi 500— white^and freckled Piaoisi 4000— «Catt^ set} 1600— Osages, 600-<^raml Saux, lOOOH^MtMawH SOOO-^auxof the Wood) 1800— Blances, or white la^ diaDS with beard* 1500— AsinboilS) 1500-«> dering tribe, 3000— Otabasi 900— Ghipewas^ 5000-^WU andots, 300— Six NatiOMt 1500— Roudd Heads, 2500^ Algoquini, 3 ^00— Nepisiana, 400— Chalas» 130- Amib teste?, 550— Muckniacks, 700— Abinagais) 3f0-»eMlif waf Hurins, SOQ,— TotaI> 58780. 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